bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of the human septal cartilage: Cell density and colony formation of septal chondrocytes
Authors: Vetter Ulrich , Heit Wolfgang , Heinze Eberhard , Helbing Gerhard , Pirsig Wolfgang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHuman chondrocytes from 24 patients (5 to 52 years) with septal deviation were isolated in different areas of the septal cartilage. Cell density was counted, and the chondrocytes were grown in an assay system for determining the number of chondrocytes capable of proliferating.High cell density and excellent proliferative capacity were found in the anterior free end of the septal cartilage in all age groups. The central area showed the highest growth index in childhood, and increasing cell density from childhood to puberty. Generally the growth index decreased with age in all septal areas. The results help to explain some clinical observations: increasing septal cartilage even in adults, growth of nasal tip in adults, regenerative potential of septal cartilage after injuries or surgery, importance of the central area for septal growth and surgery.
Xanthelasma palpebrarum
Authors: Parkes Morey L. , Waller Todd S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe management of xanthelasma can be challenging, as evidenced by our own experiences as well as that of other physicians. Appreciating the difficulties is important, so as to inform the patient of the risks of recurrences after surgical excision and to plan the surgical procedure to prevent ocular complications such as ectropion. The patient with xanthelasma who desires a blepharoplasty is an especially interesting topic. A conservative approach, at times using staged excisions, as discussed in this article, will help achieve the desired result and assure patient satisfaction.
Intralabyrinthine schwannoma
Authors: Vernick David M. , Graham Malcolm D. , Mcclatchey Kenneth D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe diagnosis of intralabyrinthine schwannoma has been made either accidentally at the time of surgery or at postmortem examination. Brain stem evoked response audiometry and computerized tomography do not add to our ability to make this diagnosis clinically. A case is presented of an intralabyrinthine schwannoma found at the time of transmastoid labyrinthectomy. The literature is reviewed and a composite clinical picture is presented.
Relationship of laryngeal dimensions to body size and gestational age in premature neonates and small infants
Authors: Schild Joyce A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe larynges of 27 infants weighing between 250 gm and 9160 gm were studied. Twenty‐two neonates were from 24 to 40 weeks' gestational age. Five subjects died more than 6 weeks post partum but were included because of their small size. Relationships of larynx size to the standard clinical measurements of crown‐heel length, crown‐rump length, head circumference, and gestational age were developed. Cartilage size relationships to these measurements were found to be linear. Glottic length related linearly to crown‐rump length but related in a curvilinear way to crown‐heel length, head circumference, and gestational age. A guide to the choice of endotracheal tube sizes for small infants is suggested.
Modified tracheoesophageal diversion for chronic aspiration
Authors: Krespi Yosef P. , Quatela Vito C. , Sisson George A. , Som Max L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBreakdown of the normal protective function of the larynx, either through primary laryngologic or neurologic causes, leads to chronic aspiration, recurrent pneumonitis and possibly death. In this paper we discuss the existing surgical treatments for chronic aspiration. Tracheal separation and trechcocsophageal diversion are discussed, as are the difficulties of using these procedures in patients with pre‐existing tracheostomies. A modification of trachcoesophageal diversion is presented whereby this procedure can now be utilized in those patients with pre‐existing tracheostomies. The modified tracheoesophageal diversion is performed in five patients successfully. Since most patients have already had tracheotomies in an attempt to control aspiration, we feel that our technique of modified trachcoesophageal diversion enables this group of patients to benefit from this procedure as well.
Radiographic classification of the vestibular and cochlear aqueducts: The paired correlation between normal and abnormal vestibular aqueduct and cochlear aqueduct anatomy
Authors: Arenberg I. Kaufman , Dupatrocinio Italo , Dreisbach James M. , Seibert Charles 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMultidirectional tomography (MDT) can be useful in determining the caliber, shape, and course of the vestibular aqueduct (VA) and cochlear aqueduct (CA). Clinical decisions have been based on the findings from MDT. Unfortunately, the clinical utility of these observations has been confusing and controversial because similar MDT techniques were not used. This study will address some of the difficult questions and clinical controversies derived from MDT observations. This new perspective has evolved with the use of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). An analysis of 750 petrous bones for the occurrence of the various types of VAs and CAs using Gado's classification, further vestibular aqueduct and a variation of Gado's classification for the cochlear classification is reported. The distribution of the possible paired types of VA and CA arc evaluated. MDT results indicate that the paired analysis in patients with inner ear dysfunction is not useful, cost effective, diagnostic, or of prognostic value. MDT can provide clinically valid observations of periaqueductal and perilabyrinthine pneumatization which is helpful in anticipating the size and position of the endolymphntic sac at the time of surgery for those few patients who may benefit from endolymphatic system surgery. However, when a comparison is made between MDT and CT of 60 ears in those same patients, the clinical limitations of MDT for inner ear diagnosis and prognosis became apparent. The future for HRCT scanning with reformatting holds potential for clinically meaningful visualization of inner and middle ear structures previously expected from MDT imaging.
Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea and rhinorrhea coexisting in a patient with meningitis
Authors: Brodsky Linda 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCongenital (spontaneous) cerebrospinal fluid fistulae are uncommon, potentially dangerous, pathological conditions. Most present in childhood with repeated bouts of meningitis, although presentation in adulthood with an asymptomatic nasal mass has been well documented. Radiologic work‐up of the patient will usually reveal an abnormality in either the labyrinth or the base of the skull. A patient is presented who had both spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea and rhinorrhea. Three anatomic defects were identified as potentially accountable: a round window fistula, a meningoencephalocele and an empty sella turcien.
Accuracy of fine needle aspiration biopsy in neck masses
Authors: Gertner R. , Podoshin L. , Fradis M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOne hundred thirty‐eight fine needle aspirations (FNA) of neck masses were performed during a four‐year period (1979‐1982). The pre‐existing literature was reviewed. An accuracy rate of 85% in FNA of neck masses was found, and a 100% accuracy rate in cases of benign tumors of the neck and developmental cysts of the neck was found.
Respiratory rhythmically regulated electrical stimulation of paralyzed laryngeal muscles
Authors: Bergmann Klaus , Warzel H. , Eckhardt H‐U. , Gerhardt H‐J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractElectrical stimulation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, synchronized with inspiration, was achieved in dogs, utilizing a radio frequency stimulus triggered by a chest wall expansion transducer. This system brings about the abduction of the paralyzed vocal cord for the entire duration of inspiration, which allows a normal flow of air through the larynx. The stimulation system could be tested successfully in actual experiments in dogs with artificial paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Its effectiveness could be proved through observation of the vocal cord movements (photographic documentation) and recording subglottic pressure variations. Transmission of stimulation energy is effected by electrical induction.
Transcutaneous teflon injection of the paralyzed vocal cord: A new technique
Authors: Ward Paul H. , Hanson David G. , Abemayor Elliot 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBecause of anatomical deformity, trismus, or for other reasons, it may on occasion be impossible to visualize a larynx by the usual laryngoscopy methods. Such difficulties in patients who have paralytic dysphonia may also make it impossible to effect improved vocal cord closure by the usual techniques of Teflon® injection. We have applied a new technique, detailed in this report, to these problem cases.Following topical anesthesia of the nose, nasopharynx, and larynx, 1% Xylocaine is injected over the cricothyroid membrane. A flexible or telescopic laryngoscope connected to a television camera is introduced through the nose or oral cavity, respectively. A 16‐gauge spinal needle is introduced into the subglottic tracheal lumen via the cricothyroid membrane and directed into the undersurface of the paralyzed vocal cord under indirect visual control. Teflon® is then injected, monitored via the television image. Our early experience with this simple technique indicates that voice improvement is comparable to that expected using conventional transoral laryngoscopic techniques.
Cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex
Authors: Gherini Stuart G. , Brackmann Derald E. , Lo William W. M. , Solti‐Bohman Livia G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex is a newly recognized clinical entity distinct from cholesteatoma. Cholesterol granuloma usually produces symptoms of trigeminal, facial, and abducens nerve palsy and may not affect the auditory nerve. The characteristic computerized cranial tomographic (CCT) finding is a nonenhancing, smooth‐walled, expansile lesion that is isodense with brain tissue in a patient with bilaterally well pneumatized mastoids and petrous apices. Treatment is limited to drainage of the cyst and insertion of a stent for permanent aeration of the petrous apex.Of ten cases of cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex recently diagnosed at the Otologic Medical Group, the correct preoperative diagnosis was made in nine patients on the basis of CCT findings. Six of the nine patients had serviceable hearing preoperatively; serviceable hearing was maintained postoperatively in five patients.
Recognition of malleus handle fracture in the differential diagnosis of otologic trauma
Authors: Harris Jeffrey P. , Butler David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe have had the opportunity to cure for four patients who experienced barotrauma or implosive trauma to their ears. The differential diagnosis in these cases included ossicular injuries as well us possible perilymph fistulae. In euch of these cases there was a small conductive hearing loss which fluctuated and u high compliance tympnnogrnm. Careful otoscopy with the ald of pneumomassage revealed un isolated malleus handle (manubrium) fracture. Exploration of one ear was performed to rule out perilymph fistula und the diagnosis of malleus handle fracture was confirmed. Recognition of this injury preoperntively in these three other patients made exploration unnecessary. While injuries to the ossiculnr chain have been well‐described in the literature, isolated malleus handle fracture has not been previously reported.The salient features of the presenting symptoms, diagnostic signs, und laboratory findings will be discussed and illustrated.
Transcanal management of benign middle ear lesions involving the anterior middle ear cleft
Authors: Sooy C. Daniel , Sooy F. A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe anterior middle ear has always been a difficult area to visualize and access. This report reviews the experience with a new approach to gain exposure of the middle ear. This technique involves separating the entire pars flaccida from the handle of the malleus for better exposure and then replacing the drum. Four patients were treated in this fashion; one glomus tympanicum, two congenital cholesteatomas, and one benign adenoma. All patients benefited from improved exposure and resection. No patients had postoperative lateralization of the drum and hearing was maintained.
Otolaryngologio manifestations of posterior fossa arachnoid cysts
Authors: Hadley Mark N. , Grahm Thomas W. , Daspit C. Phillip , Spetzler Robert F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPosterior fossa arachnoid cysts arc more common than previously reported. While they may present with symptoms of hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus, often they are associated with vague, nonspecific complaints such as headache, dizziness, or generalized unsteadiness. We present five cases of posterior fossa arachnoid cysts discovered in adult patients. Four of the five patients had nonlocalizing symptoms (three of those sought medical evaluations for persistent dizziness and/or headache). Two patients had prolonged symptoms despite medical evaluation and normal audiometrie testing before the correct diagnosis was made. We describe the case of our senior author (C.P.D.) in detail and include computerized tomographic and nuclear magnetic resonance studies outlining his pathology. A review of the management of these lesions is included.Dizzy patients and those patients with nonspecific complaints referable to the inner ear or posterior fossa who have normal audiometrie testing, and in whom the index of suspicion is high, should have high resolution computerized tomography of the posterior fossa.
Extraglandular warthin's tumors
Authors: Fantozzi Rchard D. , Bone Robert C. , Fox Robert 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWarthin's tumor or papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum {PCL) represents a clinically significant entity, not because of pernicious behavior, but because its cytohistological characteristics tell us much about the development and morphology of the parotid region. Three cases operated on in which PCL developed in an extraglandular location from the parotid, formed the basis for a series of observations on what is known about: 1. etiology of PCL; 2. the nature of the lymphocytic components; 3. the relatively high incidence of bilateral and multiple occurrence, as well as male predominance. These studies employed immunohistological techniques using a series of monoclonal antibodies.
Central projections of primary vestibular fibers in the bullfrog: I. The vestibular nuclei
Authors: Kuruvilla Alexander , Sitko Stefan , Schwartz Ilsa R. , Honrubia Vicente 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe central projections of the vestibular end organs in the bullfrog Rana calesbeiana were analyzed by using horseradish peroxidase labeling of the primary vestibular afferents. Separate extracellular injections were made of Lhe anterior branch, the posterior branch, the ampullary nerve of each of the three semicircular canals, and the branch to the saccule.The anterior and posterior branches of the bullfrog eighth nerve, each contalning both vestibular and auditory fibers, merge and enter the braln stem as a single nerve root. The thin caliber fibers of the anterior branch enter the braln stem on the ventral‐posterior aspect of the nerve and immediately divide dichotomously into ascending (rostral) and descending (caudal) branches. The thick caliber fibers of the anterior branch enter the brain stem on the ventral‐anterior aspect of the eighth nerve and traverse medially into the alar plate before dividing into ascending and descending branches. The primary afferent fibers of the vestibular nerve innervate an ipsilateral area of the brain stem which extends caudally from the rhombencephalon at the level of the twelfth nerve nucleus and rostrally up to and including the cerebellar nucleus and the cerebellum. The following vestibular nuclei can be identified by the fact that they receive primary vestibular afferents: the ventral vestibular nucleus, medial vestibular nucleus, descending vestibular nucleus, superior vestibular nucleus, and cerebellar nucleus. The dorsal (acoustic) nucleus, which receives primary auditory input, also receives afferents from the saccule. In addition to these nuclei, the cerebellum and the reticular formation receive significant primary input from the various vestibular receptors. The primary vestibulo‐cerebellar fibers terminate mainly among the granular cells of the lobus auriculuris and of the corpus cerebelli on the ipsilateral side. Each of the three semicircular canals projects into the cerebellum, while no such projection was observed in the saccular nerve preparations. Fibers from each of the three semicircular canals project to all of the vestibular nuclei. Heavily labeled large neurons, presumably vestibular efferents, are seen in the ipsilateral reticular formation, adjacent to the seventh motor nucleus.
Carcinoid of the larynx: A report of three cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Blok Philip H. H. M. , Manni Johannes J. , Van Haelst Urbain J. G. M. , Van Den Broek Paul , Slooff Joop L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCarcinoid tumors arc among the exceptional neoplasms of the larynx. The laryngeal carcinoid was first described in 1969 by Goldman, et al.' Only 16 cases could be traced from the literature. This paper describes three additional cases. In one patient, the tumor infiltrated the laryngeal tissues and metastasized to the cervical lymph nodes and breast. In the second case, the polypoid lesion could be excised completely. The third case was initially diagnosed as undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The diagnosis of carcinoid was made a few years later when a metastasis was removed. The presence of intracellular membrane bound neurosecretory granules and positive argyrophilia in the Grimelius stain are characteristic. In half of the cases described in the literature, the tumor was initially misdiagnosed as undifferentiated carcinoma. The treatment of choice is surgical removal which may be curative. The literature is reviewed.
Management of nonperitonsillar abscesses of the head and neck with needle aspiration.
Authors: Herzon Frld S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTen patients in a three‐year period with various abscesses of the head and neck (nonperitonsillar) were treated with needle aspiration as the primary surgical modality. Eight were successfully managed with antibiotics and needle aspiration alone. Two required incision and drainage. Three patients had large volume abscesses (greater than 10 cc). Two of these resolved with multiple needle aspirations. These data suggest that certain nonperitonsillar abscesses of the head and neck may be successfully managed with needle aspiration and antibiotics.
Management of carotid artery transection resulting from a stab wound to the ear.
Authors: Harris Jeffrey P. , Anterasian George , Shackford Steven , U Hoi S. , Brahme Folke J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEmergency treatment of penetrating injury to the internal carotid artery at the skull base and within the temporal bone is difficult due to problems of exposure and control of this vessel. A successful method of management of a patient whose carotid artery was completely transected by a stab wound to the ear is presented. This involved gaining proximal vascular control in the neck and distal control intracranially. Indications for extracranial‐intracranial vascular bypass procedures are discussed.
Complications of laser surgery for laryngeal papillomatosis.
Authors: Wetmore Stephen J. , Michael Key J. , Suen James Y. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCarbon dioxide laser surgery has become the treatment of choice for laryngeal papillomatosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the type, incidence, and severity of complications that occur with laser microlaryngoscopy for a disease that often requires multiple operations.Forty patients with laryngeal papillomatosis underwent a total of 222 carbon dioxide laser laryngoscopies over the 6 1/2‐year period from June 1977 through December 1983. The results showed that 13 patients sustained a total of 23 separate complications. Intraoperative complications consisted of one episode of bilateral pneumothorax and one episode of cervical subcutaneous emphysema, both associated with the use of jet ventilation anesthesia, and one episode of a loosened tooth in a child with carious teeth. The delayed complications consisted of 10 patients with anterior laryngeal webbing, 2 patients with posterior webbing, 6 patients with laryngeal edema or fibrosis, and one episode each of prolonged dysphagia and tracheal foreign body. No airway fires occurred. Only 2 of 28 patients who had 5 or fewer laser laryngoscopies developed complications, but 11 or 12 patients undergoing 6 or more laser operations had complications. In summary, although the incidence of life threatening complications was low, the occurrence of minor complications such as small anterior glottic webs and persistent edema was relatively high, especially in those patients who required multiple laser laryngoscopies.
Delayed effects of ionizing radiation on the ear
Authors: Bohne Barbara A. , Marks James E. , Glasgow Glenn P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe question of damage to the ear from exposure to ionizing radiation was addressed by exposing groups of chinchillas to fractioned doses of radiation (2 Gy per day) for total doses ranging from 40 to 90 Gy. In order to allow any delayed effects of radiation to become manifest, the animals were sacrificed two years after completion of treatment and their temporal bones were prepared for microscopic examination. The most pronounced effect of treatment was degeneration of sensory and supporting cells and loss of eighth nerve fibers in the organ of Corti. Damage increased with increasing dose of radiation. The degree of damage found in many of these ears was of sufficient magnitude to produce a permanent sensorineural hearing loss.
External auditory canal dysplasia: CT evaluation
Authors: Swartz Joel D. , Popky George L. , Wolfson Robert J. , Marlowe Frank I. , Vernose Gerard V. , Hampel Avraham 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDysplasias of the external auditory canal can be evaluated with high resolution CT using proper technique. Images are studied to determine the type of atresia (membranous or bony) nnd the thickness of the associated atretic plate (if present). Other findings sought include the degree of pneumatization, the status of the fenestrae, the size of the tympanic cavity, and the location of both the mandibular condyle and the facial nerve canal.
Rheumatoid arthritis of the cricoarytenoid joints: A case of laryngeal obstruction due to acute and chronic joint changes
Authors: Jurik Anne Grethe , Pedersen Ulrik , Nørgárd Åge 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA 63‐yenr‐old female with severe rheumatoid arthritis and respiratory obstruction with stridor due to cricoarytenoid (c.a.) arthritis is described. Low voltage radiography of the neck revealed erosive changes in the c.a. joints. At laryngoscopy the arytenoids were fixed in adduction, and there were signs of active arthritis. Corticosteroid therapy was instituted with remarkable effect on the obstruction. After the active arthritis had subsided, there remained limited arytenoid mobility with a glottic chink of about 5 mm, but no laryngeal symptoms.
Sudden airway obstruction due to a benign hemangioendothelioma of the larynx
Authors: Nakashima Tsutomu , Watanabe Yusuke 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSudden airway obstruction can be caused by laryngeal impaction of pedunculated tumors in the upper aerodigestive tract. We experienced a case of sudden airway obstruction due to a rare benign hemangioendothelioma of the larynx in a 13‐yeur‐old male. Emergency tracheotomy was performed and the tumor was removed using direct laryngoscopy. Pathologically, the reticulum stain showed that the proliferating cells were inside the capillary sheaths. The usefulness of the reticulum stain was stressed for pathological diagnosis of hemangioendothelioma.