bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpolation of animal tracking data in a fluid environment
Authors: Tremblay Yann , Shaffer Scott A. , Fowler Shannon L. , Kuhn Carey E. , McDonald Birgitte I. , Weise Michael J. , Bost Charle-André , Weimerskirch Henri , Crocker Daniel E. , Goebel Michael E. , Costa Daniel P. 
Published: December 2005

SUMMARYInterpolation of geolocation or Argos tracking data is a necessity for habitat use analyses of marine vertebrates. In a fluid marine environment,characterized by curvilinear structures, linearly interpolated track data are not realistic. Based on these two facts, we interpolated tracking data from albatrosses, penguins, boobies, sea lions, fur seals and elephant seals using six mathematical algorithms. Given their popularity in mathematical computing,we chose Bézier, hermite and cubic splines, in addition to a commonly used linear algorithm to interpolate data. Performance of interpolation methods was compared with different temporal resolutions representative of the less-precise geolocation and the more-precise Argos tracking techniques. Parameters from interpolated sub-sampled tracks were compared with those obtained from intact tracks. Average accuracy of the interpolated location was not affected by the interpolation method and was always within the precision of the tracking technique used. However, depending on the species tested, some curvilinear interpolation algorithms produced greater occurrences of more accurate locations, compared with the linear interpolation method. Total track lengths were consistently underestimated but were always more accurate using curvilinear interpolation than linear interpolation. Curvilinear algorithms are safe to use because accuracy, shape and length of the tracks are either not different or are slightly enhanced and because analyses always remain conservative. The choice of the curvilinear algorithm does not affect the resulting track dramatically so it should not preclude their use. We thus recommend using curvilinear interpolation techniques because of the more realistic fluid movements of animals. We also provide some guidelines for choosing an algorithm that is most likely to maximize track quality for different types of marine vertebrates.
Ant navigation: resetting the path integrator
Authors: Knaden Markus , Wehner Rüdiger 
Published: December 2005

SUMMARY
Desert ants use path integration as their predominant system of long-distance navigation, but they also make use of route-defining and nest-defining visual landmarks. Such landmark-gained information might override the information provided by the path integrator, but nevertheless the path integrator keeps running. Here we show that only cues that are associated with the ant being inside the nest are able to reset the path integrator to zero state. Ants were captured at a feeder, i.e. without having run off their home vector, and were forced to enter the nest. On their next outbound run their walking direction differed by 180° from that of ants that had also been captured at the feeder but instead of having been forced to enter the interior of the nest were released at its entrance. Whereas these latter ants still ran off their home vector pointing in the feeder-nest direction (and by this departed from the nest in a direction opposite to the feeder direction)the former ants had reset their home vector to zero state, and had therefore been able to reload their learned feeder vector, and consequently departed from the nest in the feeder direction.
Owing to its egocentric nature the path-integrator is error prone. Hence,it is a suitable strategy to reset the path integrator if the ant has appeared at its final goal, the nest. Otherwise during consecutive foraging runs navigational errors would steadily increase.
Molecular cloning and mRNA expression analysis of carp embryonic, slow and cardiac myosin heavy chain isoforms
Authors: Nihei Yoshiaki , Kobiyama Atsushi , Ikeda Daisuke , Ono Yosuke , Ohara Satoshi , Cole Nicholas J. , Johnston Ian A. , Watabe Shugo 
Published: December 2005

SUMMARYThree embryonic class II myosin heavy chains (MYHs) were cloned from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), MYHemb1,MYHemb2 and MYHemb3. MYH DNA clones were also isolated from the slow muscle of adult carp acclimated to 10°C (MYHS10)and 30°C (MYHS30). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that MYHemb1 and MYHemb2 belonged to the fast skeletal muscle MYH clade. By contrast, the sequence of MYHemb3 was similar to the adult slow muscle isoforms, MYHS10 and MYHS30. MYHemb1 and MYHemb2 transcripts were first detected by northern blot analysis in embryos 61 h post-fertilization (h.p.f.) at the heartbeat stage, with peak expression occurring in 1-month-old juveniles. MYHemb1 continued to be expressed at low levels in 7-month-old juveniles when MYHemb2 was not detectable. MYHemb3transcripts appeared at almost the same stage as MYHemb1transcripts did (61 h.p.f.), and these genes showed a similar pattern of expression. Whole mount in situ hybridization analysis revealed that the transcripts of MYHemb1 and MYHemb2 were expressed in the inner part of myotome, whereas MYHemb3 was expressed in the superficial compartment. MYHS10 and MYHS30 mRNAs were first detected at hatching. In adult stages, the expression of slow muscle MYH mRNAs was dependent on acclimation temperature. MYHS10 mRNA was expressed at an acclimation temperature of 10 and 20°C, but not at 30°C. In contrast, MYHS30 mRNA was strongly expressed at all acclimation temperatures. The predominant MYH transcripts found in adult slow muscle and in embryos at hatching were expressed in adult fast muscle at some acclimation temperatures but not others. A MYH DNA clone was isolated from the cardiac muscle of 10°C-acclimated adult fish (MYHcard). MYHcard mRNA was first detected at 61 h.p.f., but strong signals were only observed in the adult myocardium. The present study has therefore revealed a complex pattern of expression of MYH genes in relation to developmental stage, muscle type and acclimation temperature. None of the skeletal muscle MYHs identified so far was strongly expressed during the late juvenile stage, indicating further developmentally regulated members of the MYH II gene family remain to be discovered.
Hunting archer fish match their take-off speed to distance from the future point of catch
Authors: Wöhl Saskia , Schuster Stefan 
Published: December 2005

SUMMARYArcher fish can shoot down insect prey with a sharp jet of water. Fish usually fire from positions that are not directly below their target so that a dislodged insect falls ballistically with a horizontal velocity component. Only 100 ms after the insect is on its path both the shooter and other school members can initiate a rapid turn and then head straight in the direction of the later point of impact of their falling prey. The quick turn and subsequent take-off are performed `open-loop', based on the initial values of the falling insect's motion. We report here that archer fish can not only take off in the direction of the later point of impact but also predict its distance. Distance information allows the fish to adjust their take-off speed so that they would arrive within a narrow time slot slightly (about 50 ms) after their prey's impact, despite large differences in the size of the aligning turn and in the distance to be covered. Selecting a constant speed program with matched speed and catching the insect on the move minimizes frictional losses. The initial speed of starting fish is slightly but systematically too slow and is increased later so that the fish arrive 20 ms earlier than expected and often make the catch on a higher than take-off speed. The variability of later speed changes suggests a systematic `error' in the take-off, as if the fish underestimated distance. However, this apparent deficiency seems well adapted to the fish catching their prey at a high speed: if later the fish had no possibility to correct an initial error then it is better to start slightly too slow in order to minimize the risk of overshooting the point of catch.
Ultrasonic Cavitational Activation: A Simple and Feasible Route for the Direct Conversion of Zinc Acetate to Highly Monodispersed ZnO
Authors: Sivakumar Manickam , Towata Atsuya , Yasui Kyuichi , Tuziuti Toru , Iida Yasuo 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Highly monodispersed submicron structures of ZnO were successfully fabricated by a simple ultrasonic cavitational activation, which assists a direct conversion of zinc acetate to ZnO, without using any additives.
Yellow-green Fluorescence of 5,11- and 5,12-Bis(diisopropylsilyl)naphthacenes
Authors: Kyushin Soichiro , Ishikita Yoshihito , Matsumoto Hideyuki , Horiuchi Hiroaki , Hiratsuka Hiroshi 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
5,11- and 5,12-Bis(diisopropylsilyl)naphthacenes (2a and 2b) were synthesized, and their electronic properties were studied. In UV–visible spectra, the lowest energy absorption bands of 2a and 2b are more intense than that of naphthacene. Compounds 2a and 2b show intense yellow-green fluorescence, and the fluorescence quantum yields are almost two times higher than that of naphthacene.
Fast Synthesis of Si- and Ce-MCM-48 Mesoporous Molecular Sieve with Hydrothermal Stability
Authors: Wang Lingzhi , Shao Yaofeng , Zhang Jinlong , Anpo Masakazu 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
A novel route for reducing crystallization times of Si- and Ce-MCM-48 mesoporous molecular sieves and simultaneously endowing them with hydrothermal stability has been developed.
Ester Condensation from a Stoichiometric Mixture of a Carboxylic Acid and an Alcohol at 313 K Assisted by Pervaporation via Zeolite Membranes
Authors: Inoue Tomoya , Nagase Takako , Hasegawa Yasuhisa , Kiyozumi Yoshimichi , Sato Koichi , Kobayashi Kiyoshi , Nishioka Masateru , Hamakawa Satoshi , Mizukami Fujio 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Ester condensation was conducted from stoichiometric mixture of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol (acetic acid and ethanol was used as a test reaction) at nearly room temperature (313 K), assisted by pervaporation via zeolite membrane with hydrophilic character. We succeeded preparing the hydrophilic zeolite membrane tolerant against acidic environment, and the membrane worked stably to shift equilibrium.
Ziprasidone- and Lithium-Induced Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Authors: Borovicka Mary C , Bond Linda C , Gaughan Kerri M 
Published: December 2005

Objective: To report a case of ziprasidone- and lithium-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Case Summary: A 47-year-old white male with a history of schizoaffective disorder was admitted to the hospital due to an exacerbation of severe mania. He had been taking lithium 450 mg twice daily and divalproex sodium 750 mg/day. On hospital day 2, ziprasidone 80 mg twice daily was added, and as-needed doses of intramuscular ziprasidone 20 mg and lorazepam 2 mg were used for agitation. On day 6, the patient developed hyperthermia (39.4 °C), elevated creatine kinase 26 000 units/L and white blood cell (WBC) count (20.7 × 103/μL), myoglobinuria, hypotension (68/40 mm Hg), altered mental status, and tachypnea (28 breaths/min). This case is notable for the absence of muscle rigidity, which presents in greater than 90% of patients with NMS taking traditional antipsychotics. Discussion: This case of ziprasidone- and lithium-induced NMS is of probable cause, as determined by the Naranjo probability scale. The patient presented with symptoms consistent with NMS 4 days after initiation of ziprasidone and lithium. The majority of NMS cases present with the core features of hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, and elevated CK levels. Other frequently seen symptoms include altered mental status, tachypnea, tachycardia, elevated WBC count, hypotension, diaphoresis, and myoglobinuria. Our patient presented with 2 of the core symptoms, but did not develop muscle rigidity at any time. NMS criteria include muscle rigidity as one of the major presenting symptoms. Recent literature suggests that perhaps NMS due to novel antipsychotics presents with less muscle rigidity than is seen with traditional agents due to their lower affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor. Conclusions: This case illustrates that NMS due to the novel antipsychotic ziprasidone may present with many of the core symptoms of the syndrome, but possibly less muscle rigidity than is seen with traditional agents.
Mechanical Property Changes in Reactor Vessel Materials Thermally Aged for 209 000 H at 260°C
Authors: Gunawardane Heshan P. , Hall J. Brian , Rosinski Stan T. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Surveillance materials consisting of a SA-508 Class 2 forging, a Mn–Mo–Ni Linde 80 submerged-arc weld, and an SA-533, Grade B, Class 1, correlation monitor material were thermally aged on a commercial reactor pressure vessel. The materials were exposed to a thermal environment of 260°C for 209000h. This temperature is below the range (minimum of 370°C) where the effects of long-term thermal aging are typically considered relevant. Charpy impact, master curve transition temperature, upper-shelf fracture toughness, and tensile testing were conducted to evaluate the long-term thermal aging changes in material properties. Small changes in the impact properties were observed for all the materials, but were generally within the 95 % confidence bounds for typical Charpy data. Upper-shelf energy also showed small variations, but a general decrease for all materials was not seen. Fracture toughness testing at the upper shelf indicated that the upper-shelf toughness had increased, however the data is scattered. Master curve T0 testing in the transition region showed little change in the forging and plate results; however an improvement in the transition temperature of the weld metal was measured.
Radioactivity Inspections Applied to the Steelmaking Industry
Authors: Buoro S , Giurgevich M 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
The recycling of exhausted or end-of-life materials in industry is pursued worldwide to save natural resources and reduce pollution. The utilization of scrap as raw material in the steelmaking industry is a well-assessed technology. Nevertheless, recycled materials must be “free” from dangerous elements or compounds and particularly from hazardous levels of radioactivity. Typical problems to be faced in the electrical steelmaking industry relevant to radioactivity levels and measurements techniques are discussed in this paper.
The RIKEN Super Combined Cluster as a Grid-Enabled System (Anwendung von Grid-Technologien beim Super Combined Cluster von RIKEN)
Authors: Himeno Ryutaro , Kurokawa Motoyoshi , Yuasa Hiroaki , Shigetani Takayuki 
Published: December 2005

Summary
We developed the RIKEN Super Combined Cluster (hereafter “RSCC”) System, and it started operation in March 2004. It consists of a vector parallel supercomputer, five PC clusters, and a PC cluster with MDGRAPE-2 special purpose computers. We use grid computing technology so that the user can regard the system as one system, although actually it is composed of seven different computer systems.
Digestibility of Gross Nutrients by Sunshine Bass in Animal By-Products and Commercially Blended Products Used as Fish Meal Replacements
Authors: Rawles Steven D , Gaylord T Gibson , Gatlin Delbert M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
To more accurately formulate feeds for hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops × striped bass M. saxatilis), data on the availability of nutrients from feedstuffs are needed to complement information on nutritional requirements. An experiment was conducted to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of protein, lipid, energy, and organic matter for an assortment of commercially available feedstuffs and blended products used as fish meal replacements. The feedstuffs tested were ring-dried blood meal, poultry by-product meal, fish solubles, and four commercially blended fish meal substitutes (PRO-PAK, PRO-PAK 65, Pro-Con 65RDB, and 60FMC). Organic matter ADCs for these products ranged from 47% for 60FMC to 130% for fish solubles, while energy ADCs paralleled these values and ranged from 48% (60FMC) to 114% (fish solubles). Lipid ADCs ranged from 49% for PRO-PAK 65 to 79% for poultry by-product meal, and protein ADCs ranged from 47% for 60FMC to 70% for fish solubles. These values provide needed information to feed manufacturers and will allow for more accurate substitutions for these feedstuffs in aquafeeds.
Reducing Length Variation in Juvenile Steelhead and Coho Salmon through the Use of the AutoFish Tagging Trailer System
Authors: Tipping Jack M , Seidel Paul R 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
The coefficient of variation (CV) in length of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss and coho salmon O. kisutch sorted with the AutoFish tagging trailer (AFTT) system (Northwest Marine Technology, Shaw Island, Washington) was compared with that of unsorted fish. At release in April, the mean CV of sorted steelhead was 22% less than that of control fish, and the two values were significantly different. Since fish are only handled once with the AFTT, there are also labor savings relative to traditional hatchery practices in which fish are sorted and later fin-clipped. In coho salmon, the mean CV of sorted fish was only 7% less than that of control fish (no significant difference), suggesting that there are few added advantages in using the AFTT for coho salmon.
Detailed molecular simulations to investigate multicomponent diffusion models
Authors: Patel Harshit A. , Garde Shekhar , Nauman E. Bruce 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe theoretical treatment of multicomponent diffusion is complicated by the generally unknown dependence of diffusivities on the local concentration of species. As pointed out by Nauman and Savoca in 2001, the standard treatment uses an n‐1 by n‐1 matrix of diffusion coefficients for an n‐component system and can give anomalous and non‐physical results when there is no dominant component and when the various components have significantly different diffusivities. Although theoretically resolved by postulating diffusivities with suitable concentration dependence, there has been no practical resolution of this problem short of unrealistic, exhaustive experimentation. Nauman and Savoca proposed two models for multicomponent diffusion that produce only physically possible results, but they were unable to suggest which model was better. This article reports on molecular dynamic experiments that were designed to differentiate between the models. Specifically studied were ternary, liquid mixtures of ethane, octane, and hexadecane. It was found that the proportional flux model agrees with the molecular simulations. No cross‐diffusion was observed in agreement with this model and in contrast to the alternative, pair‐wise flux model. The proportional flux model is easy to implement and requires a minimum of data, although detailed, compositional dependent diffusion coefficients can be incorporated into the model when such data are available. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Distribution of postpartum amenorrhea in rural Bangladeshi women
Authors: Holman Darryl J. , Grimes Michael A. , Achterberg Jerusha T. , Brindle Eleanor , O'Connor Kathleen A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPrevious studies of postpartum amenorrhea (PPA) demonstrated distinct subgroups of women with short and long durations of amenorrhea. This phenomenon was attributed to cases where breastfeeding is absent because of pregnancy loss or infant death, or confusion of postpartum bleeding with resumption of menses. We explored these ideas using data from an 11‐month prospective study in Bangladesh in which 858 women provided twice‐weekly interviews and urine specimens for up to 9 months; 300 women were observed while experiencing PPA. The resulting exact, interval‐censored, or right‐censored durations were used to estimate parameters of two‐component mixture models. A mixture of two Weibull distributions provided the best fit to the observations. The long‐duration subgroup made up 84% (±4% SE) of the population, with a mean duration of 457 (±31) days. The short‐duration subgroup had a mean duration of 94 (±17) days. Three covariates were associated with the duration of PPA: women whose husbands had high‐wage employment had a greater probability of falling in the short‐duration subgroup; women in the long‐duration subgroup whose husbands seasonally migrated had shorter periods of PPA within the subgroup; and mothers in the short‐duration subgroup who gave birth during the monsoon season experienced a shortened duration of PPA within the subgroup. We conclude that the bimodal distribution of PPA reflects biological or behavioral heterogeneity rather than shortcomings of data collection. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Life in the slow lane revisited: Ontogenetic separation between Chimpanzees and humans
Authors: Walker Robert , Hill Kim , Burger Oskar , Hurtado A. Magdalena 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis study investigates the evolution of human growth by analyzing differences in body mass growth trajectories among three populations: the Ache of eastern Paraguay, the US (NHANES, 1999–2000), and captive chimpanzees. The relative growth statistic “A” from the mammalian growth law is allowed to vary with age and proves useful for comparing growth across different ages, populations, and species. We demonstrate ontogenetic separation between chimpanzees and humans, and show that interspecific differences are robust to variable environmental conditions. The human pattern of slow growth during the lengthened period from weaning to the beginning of the adolescent growth spurt is found among the Ache (low energy availability and high disease load) and also in the US (high energy availability and low disease load). The human growth pattern contrasts with that of the chimpanzee, where absolute growth rates and relative “A” values are faster and less prolonged. We suggest that selection has acted to decrease human growth rates to allow more time for increased cognitive development with lower body‐maintenance costs. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphometric cranial identity of prehistoric Malawians in the light of sub‐Saharan African diversity
Authors: Morris Alan G. , Ribot Isabelle 
Published: December 2005

AbstractLittle has been described of the Holocene populations of South‐Central Africa, despite the region demonstrating major subsistence shifts relating to dispersals of agriculturalists at least 2,000 years ago. Seven sites with associated human skeletal remains were selected. Hora, Chencherere, Fingura, and Mtuzi represent the Middle Holocene (2,000–5,000 years ago), and Phwadze, Mtemankhokwe, and Nkudzi Bay represent the Late Holocene and the arrival of agriculturalists between 500–2,000 years ago. Focusing on the identity of Hora and Chencherere specimens, two questions were addressed: are the various Holocene Malawians similar to each other, or do they suggest morphological change over time? What modern populations are closest to the prehistoric specimens? The archaeological sample was compared to modern sub‐Saharan Africans from four regions, plus a historic Khoi‐San foraging group. Factor analyses were performed in order to identify complex patterns of variation in metric traits of the skull. According to the results, prehistoric Malawians showed only slight differences between the Late and Middle Holocene, suggesting a population change without any major discontinuity. Later Stone Age skulls did not exclusively show similarities with the Khoi‐San, as they frequently fit well within the variation of modern Bantu‐speaking groups, especially West‐Central Africa. Therefore, we reject the hypothesis that Middle Holocene South‐Central Africans have an exclusively Khoi‐San ancestry, and support an alternative hypothesis that both Middle and Late Holocene groups share a common biological heritage originating in West‐Central Africa in earlier times. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.