bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphadenovarix in the axilla – an unusual presentation of filariasis
Authors: Basu Adhish , Sistla Sarath Chandra , Verma Surendra Kumar , Jagdish S 
Published: August 2006

AbstractClinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis depend on the area of lymphatic involvement and the duration of infection. A 21 year old man, resident in a filariasis endemic region, presented with multiple matted lymph nodes with cystic areas forming a large mass in his left axilla. An ultrasound scan of the axilla using a 7.5 MHz transducer revealed grossly dilated lymphatics but no filarial dance sign. Fine needle (21 G) aspiration cytology (FNAC) from the dilated lymphatics and solid areas in the lymph node mass revealed multiple microfilariae in a background of reactive lymphoid cells. Peripheral blood smears revealed microfilaremia with significant eosinophilia. Diagnosis of left axillary Bancroftian lymphadenovarix was made. On the administration of oral diethylcarbamazine, the diameter of the lymphatic vessels in the lymphadenovarix reduced considerably in size and microfilaremia disappeared. We report this case because axillary lymphadenovarix is a rare presentation of filariasis. This case is also unique since microfilariae were demonstrated in the fluid aspirated from the dilated lymphatics of the lymphadenovarix in the absence of live adult worms.
Identification and characterization of Smyd2: a split SET/MYND domain-containing histone H3 lysine 36-specific methyltransferase that interacts with the Sin3 histone deacetylase complex
Authors: Brown Mark A , Sims Robert J , Gottlieb Paul D , Tucker Philip W 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackgroundDisrupting the balance of histone lysine methylation alters the expression of genes involved in tumorigenesis including proto-oncogenes and cell cycle regulators. Methylation of lysine residues is commonly catalyzed by a family of proteins that contain the SET domain. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the SET domain-containing protein, Smyd2.ResultsSmyd2 mRNA is most highly expressed in heart and brain tissue, as demonstrated by northern analysis andin situhybridization. Over-expressed Smyd2 localizes to the cytoplasm and the nucleus in 293T cells. Although accumulating evidence suggests that methylation of histone 3, lysine 36 (H3K36) is associated with actively transcribed genes, we show that the SET domain of Smyd2 mediates H3K36 dimethylation and that Smyd2 represses transcription from an SV40-luciferase reporter. Smyd2 associates specifically with the Sin3A histone deacetylase complex, which was recently linked to H3K36 methylation within the coding regions of active genes in yeast. Finally, we report that exogenous expression of Smyd2 suppresses cell proliferation.ConclusionWe propose that Sin3A-mediated deacetylation within the coding regions of active genes is directly linked to the histone methyltransferase activity of Smyd2. Moreover, Smyd2 appears to restrain cell proliferation, likely through direct modulation of chromatin structure.
An integrated telemedicine platform for the assessment of affective physiological states
Authors: Katsis Christos D , Ganiatsas George , Fotiadis Dimitrios I 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
AUBADE is an integrated platform built for the affective assessment of individuals. The system performs evaluation of the emotional state by classifying vectors of features extracted from: facial Electromyogram, Respiration, Electrodermal Activity and Electrocardiogram. The AUBADE system consists of: (a) a multisensorial wearable, (b) a data acquisition and wireless communication module, (c) a feature extraction module, (d) a 3D facial animation module which is used for the projection of the obtained data through a generic 3D face model; whereas the end-user will be able to view the facial expression of the subject in real time, (e) an intelligent emotion recognition module, and (f) the AUBADE databases where the acquired signals along with the subject's animation videos are saved. The system is designed to be applied to human subjects operating under extreme stress conditions, in particular car racing drivers, and also to patients suffering from neurological and psychological disorders. AUBADE's classification accuracy into five predefined emotional classes (high stress, low stress, disappointment, euphoria and neutral face) is 86.0%. The pilot system applications and components are being tested and evaluated on Maserati's car. racing drivers.
Photocatalysis of Perfluorinated Oligo(p-Phenylene)s
Authors: Maruo Katsuya , Wada Yuji , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Perfluorination of oligo(p-phenylene)s (OPP-n), biphenyl(OPP-2) to p-quaterphenyl (OPP-4), induces various changes in the spectral and physical characteristics of OPP-n; a hypsochromic shift of their absorption spectra, a decrease in their fluorescence quantum yields, an increase in their fluorescence lifetimes, and a positive shift of their oxidation potentials. The resulting perfluorinated oligo(p-phenylene)s (F-OPP-n, n = 3 and 4) shows photocatalytic activities for the photoreduction of water and for the photooxidation of benzene to phenol. Irradiation of an aqueous methanol solution of F-OPP-3 with triethylamine as an electron donor, and noble metal colloid as an electron mediator at λ &gt; 290 nm, leads to H2 evolution, although photodefluorination through F-OPP-3−• inevitably occurs to an appreciable extent. A similar irradiation of an aqueous acetonitrile solution with O2 and benzene induces the oxidation of benzene and water, yielding almost equal quantities of phenol and H2O2 without any accompanying degradation of F-OPP-3.
Effects of Chain Length of Chemically Modified Silica Gels on Adsorption of Acetylacetone and Its Copper Complex from Aqueous Phase
Authors: Kato Masanao , Hattori Toshiaki , Suzuki Tsuyoshi , Tsutsumi Kazuo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Distributions of acetylacetone and its copper complex between an aqueous phase and a chemically modified silica gel were measured. The modified silica gels were synthesized, and four different alkyl chains from butyl to octadecyl groups were introduced into the surface. The observed distributions were interpreted by a solubility parameter theory as in a liquid-liquid partition experiment. It is found that the solubility parameter theory can be used as a tool for interpretation of the distribution of acetylacetone and its complex between aqueous and gel phases.
Preparation of (R)-(2-Cyclopentenyl)methanol and the First Total Synthesis of (8R,11R)-Precapnelladiene
Authors: Maeda Koji , Inouye Yoshinobu 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Enantiometrically pure (R)-(2-cyclopentenyl)methanol (2) was prepared from ethyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate. Coupling of 2 with 4,4-dimethyl-3-phenylthio-2-cyclohexenone gave an enol ether, which was converted into (8R,11R)-precapnelladiene, = −70.7°, in 6 steps.
Subsymmetry-Itemized Enumeration of Flexible Cyclohexane Derivatives
Authors: Fujita Shinsaku 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The symmetry of a pair of two chair-forms of cyclohexane is represented by the pseudo-point group of order 24. Preparation of the mark table of the group shows the twelve substitution positions of the pair to be governed by the coset representation (/Cs). After the calculation of subduction of the (/Cs), cyclohexane derivatives are combinatorially enumerated by the USCI (unit-subduced-cycle-index) approach. A generating-function method and the elementary superposition theorem are used, giving values itemized with respect to molecular formulas and subsymmetries of . Since pseudo-point groups can be classified into iso- and anisoenergetic groups as well as into achiral and chiral groups, four categories (isoenergetic-achiral, isoenergetic-chiral (Type II), anisoenergetic-achiral (Type III), and anisoenergetic-chiral (Type IV)) are generated. The isoenergetic-achiral case is further subdivided into two cases (Type I and I′). Several pairs are illustrated and discussed in the light of this classification. The concept of chronality is also discussed.
The Total Synthesis of AB3217-A, a Novel Anti-mite Substance, via Intermolecular Etherification and Intramolecular Glycosylation
Authors: Nakata Masaya , Tamai Tetsuro , Kamio Tadashi , Kinoshita Mitsuhiro , Tatsuta Kuniaki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The first total synthesis of AB3217-A has been achieved. The deacetylanisomycin unit, (3S,4S,5R)-3-benzyloxy-1-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)pyrrolidine (18), was prepared from dimethyl l-tartrate by a stereoselective pyrrolidine-ring formation and a stereoselective reduction of phenyl ketone as the key steps. The lithium alkoxide of 18 was coupled with the d-xylofuranose unit, phenyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-5-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-1-thio-α-d-xylofuranoside which was prepared from 1,2 : 5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucofuranose, via an intermolecular etherificaiton. The resulting coupling product was subjected to de-O-tetrahydropyranylation and an intramolecular glycosylation to afford 4,12,13-tribenzyl-6-(benzyloxycarbonyl)AB3217-A (30). Final deprotection of 30 furnished AB3217-A.
Novel Imidazoles and Hydantoins Moderately Strained by Incorporation with 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene Skeleton
Authors: Kobayashi Tomoshige , Fujieda Hiroki , Murakami Yoriko , Nakamura Takehiro , Ono Katsuhiko , Yamamoto Shin-ya , Kato Hiroshi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The reactions of 3-acyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enes with phenyl isocyanate, phenyl isothiocyanate, and ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate followed by cyclization reactions under basic conditions respectively provided a hydantoin, a thiohydantoin, and a 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazole-2-thione incorporated with the azabicyclic skeleton. Treatment of the imidazolethione with Raney nickel gave a phenyl-substituted imidazole fused with 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene. The effect of annulation on the 13C NMR of the imidazole ring is discussed.
Remarkable Effect of C-Methyl Substitutions on the Ligand Field Strength of a Cobalt(III) Complex Containing a Cyclic Tetraamine with a Folded cis-Type Configuration
Authors: Yashiro Morio , Komiyama Makoto , Kuroda Kana , Miura Shuji , Yoshikawa Sadao , Yano Shigenobu 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Cobalt(III) complexes containing an optically active 14-membered cyclic tetraamine (R,R-Me6[14]aneN4, 7(R), 14(R)-5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) and a bidentate ligand (glycinato, S-alaninato, or oxalato), in which the tetraamine takes the folded cis-type configuration, were prepared and characterized by elementary analyses, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Electronic absorption and 59Co NMR spectroscopies indicate that stereochemical modification of the 14-membered cyclic ligand with C-methyl groups causes an unusual decrease in the ligand field strength of the complex. Rapid dissociation of the chelated alaninato ligand from the cobalt(III) complex, which is generally inert, was observed for the [Co(S-alaninato)(R,R-Me6[14]aneN4)]2+ complex system. The dependence of the dissociation of the alaninato chelate on the ligand field strength is strongly suggested.
Clinico-pathological patterns of squamous cell carcinoma in Nigeria
Authors: Adigun I A , Buhari M O , Ayorinde R O 
Published: August 2006

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer and frequently arises in the sun-exposed skin of middle-aged and elderly individuals. We retrospectively reviewed 443 patients managed for SCC (cutaneous and non-cutaneous) in our hospital from January 1979 to December 2002. The age distribution showed peak incidence between fourth and sixth decades of life. The duration of symptoms ranged from 6 months to 552 months (standard deviation [SD] = 54.29), while the head and neck region was the most common site of cutaneous SCC. SCC is not rare in our environment. Patients with skin lesions are advised to present early to their physician for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Adefovir Dipivoxyl for the Treatment of Delta-Related Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Grattagliano Ignazio , Palmieri Vincenzo O , Portincasa Piero , Palasciano Giuseppe 
Published: August 2006

Objective: To report a case suggesting the beneficial effect of adefovir dipivoxyl in patients with delta-related decompensated liver cirrhosis ineffectively treated with lamivudine. Case Summary: A 55-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), antihepatitis Be positive, and hepatitis delta virus (HDV)–related decompensated liver cirrhosis (Child–Pugh score B9) was awaiting liver transplantation. During this time, she was treated with lamivudine 100 mg/day; however, the drug was stopped after 8 months because it did not produce viral clearance or return serum aminotransferase levels to within normal limits. The patient was not a candidate for interferon alfa therapy but was prescribed adefovir dipivoxyl 10 mg/day. Five months later, serum aminotransferase levels had normalized and, after 7 months of treatment with adefovir, the patient became negative for serum HBV-DNA and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antidelta. At the time of writing (20 mo of therapy), the HBV-DNA and IgM antidelta remained negative, whereas hepatitis B surface antigen and circulating HDV-RNA were positive. No adverse effects associated with adefovir were reported, and the Child–Pugh score (A6) had improved. Discussion: This is the first reported case of some beneficial biochemical and serologic effects of adefovir dipivoxyl in the treatment of delta cirrhosis. The virologic pattern of the patient after adefovir is indicative of poor liver disease activity and prospectively enhances liver transplantation outcome, indicating that adefovir might also be useful in the phase prior to liver transplantation. Conclusions: Although we have no plausible explanation for our patient's favorable response to adefovir treatment, this case contributes to the knowledge regarding treatment of this very difficult condition as well as adefovir efficacy. Given the positive outcome, this report suggests that adefovir might be beneficial in patients with delta-related liver cirrhosis not responsive to previous lamivudine therapy. Based on the high tolerability of this therapy, this case encourages clinical trials.
Rare Case of Metformin-Induced Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
Authors: Salem Chaker Ben , Hmouda Houssem , Slim Raoudha , Denguezli Mohamed , Belajouza Colandane , Bouraoui Kamel 
Published: August 2006

Objective: To report a case of leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LV) related to metformin. Case Summary: A 33-year-old woman developed palpable purpura on her lower limbs after starting self-medication with metformin 850 mg/day for weight loss. Drug-induced vasculitis was suspected, metformin was stopped, and the rash improved significantly. One month later, the woman again took metformin. Similar cutaneous lesions recurred, and skin biopsy showed LV, which was managed by discontinuing metformin and applying topical antiseptics. The patient had no further episodes of skin rash over a follow-up period of 3 months. Discussion: Metformin has widespread use throughout the world. It has a variety of metabolic and vascular effects. Our patient developed a rash within a few days of metformin administration. Resolution of skin manifestations within several days after withdrawal of the drug and their recurrence when the drug was reintroduced were consistent with a pathogenic role of metformin. Other known causes of vasculitis were excluded in a reasonable way. According to the Naranjo probability scale, the vasculitis experienced by our patient was probably due to metformin. Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware of the ability of metformin to induce cutaneous LV.
Inverted-U Profile of Dopamine–NMDA-Mediated Spontaneous Avalanche Recurrence in Superficial Layers of Rat Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: V. Stewart Craig , Plenz Dietmar 
Published: August 2006

Prefrontal cortex (PFC) functions, such as working memory, attention selection, and memory retrieval, depend critically on dopamine and NMDA receptor activation by way of an inverted-U-shaped pharmacological profile. Although single neuron responses in the PFC have shown some aspects of this profile, a network dynamic that follows the dopamine–NMDA dependence has not been identified.We studied neuronal network activity in acute medial PFC slices of adult rats by recording local field potentials (LFPs) with microelectrode arrays. Bath application of dopamine or the dopamine D1agonistSKF38393[(+/−)-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(1H)-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrochloride] in combination with NMDA induced spontaneous LFPs predominantly in superficial cortex layers. The LFPs at single electrodes were characterized by sharp negative peaks that were clustered in time across electrodes revealing diverse spatiotemporal patterns on the array. The pattern formation required fast GABAergic transmission, coactivation of the dopamine D1and NMDA receptor, and depended in an inverted-U profile on dopamine. At moderate concentrations of dopamine or the dopamine D1agonist, the pattern size distribution formed a power law with exponent α = −1.5, indicating that patterns are organized in the form of neuronal avalanches, thereby maximizing spatial correlations in the network. At lower or higher concentrations, α was more negative than −1.5, indicating reduced spatial correlations. Likewise, at moderate dopamine concentrations, the avalanche rate and recurrence of specific avalanches was maximal with recurrence frequencies after a “power law”-like heavy-tail distribution with a slope of −2.4.We suggest that the dopamine–NMDA-dependent spontaneous recurrence of specific avalanches in superficial cortical layers might facilitate integrative and associative aspects of PFC functions.
Chemical free energies and the third law of thermodynamics
Authors: COFFEY PATRICK 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACT
At the close of the 19th century, it had become clear that determination of the free energy of chemical reactions was the key to understanding chemical affinity. Yet the available methods for obtaining free energies were unreliable and of limited applicability, and there was no known method for determination of free energies from thermal measurements. Walther Nernst's 1906 heat theorem, which later became known as the third law of thermodynamics, would prove to be the key to thermometric determinations of free energies. The paper examines the chemical significance of the third law; earlier attempts by le Chatelier, Lewis, Richards, Haber, and van't Hoff at the problem; and some later clarifications of the third law. The paper then covers the human side of the discovery of the third law, including disputes among Nernst, Lewis, and Richards.
A Mother's Feelings for Her Infant Are Strengthened by Excellent Breastfeeding Counseling and Continuity of Care
Authors: Ekström Anette , Nissen Eva 
Published: August 2006

OBJECTIVE. Continuous support during the childbirth process ultimately may strengthen the mother's self-esteem and her capacity to interact with and nurture her infant and also may improve paternal involvement in general. In the present study, we investigated whether mothers, who were attended by midwives and nurses who had had a process-oriented training program in breastfeeding counseling, perceived stronger maternal feelings for their infant than mothers who had received only routine care.
METHODS. In a previous study, an intervention that included a process-oriented program on breastfeeding counseling for health professionals and continuity in family classes through childbirth was conducted. The 10 largest municipalities were classified in pairs that were similar in size and had similar figures of breastfeeding duration. The municipalities were randomized pairwise to either an intervention or a control group. The present study is a follow-up study on women's feelings for their infants in relation to the kind of care that they had had and was undertaken between April 2000 and January 2003. The sampling frame was based on women who were cared for at either the intervention clinic or control clinics. The mothers at the control clinics had received standard routine care and had attended family classes through the point of birth. Data collection for control group A started before effects of the intervention could be studied. Data for control group B were collected simultaneously with data collection for the intervention group (n = 540). The mothers responded to 3 questionnaires at 3 days and at 3 and 9 months postpartum. Background data of the mothers were collected. The perception of support that was provided by the health professionals and the perception of mother–infant relationship and feelings for the infant were rated on Likert scales.
RESULTS. At 3 days postpartum, both the intervention group and control group B versus the control group A thought that their understanding of the infant was better, they perceived more strongly that the infant as their own, and they enjoyed more breastfeeding and resting with the infant. Although there was no significant difference between the intervention group and control group B at 3 days and 3 months observation, mothers in the intervention group talked more to their infant, perceived their infant to be more beautiful than other infants, and perceived more strongly that the infant was their own than did the mothers in control group B at 9 months observation. In addition, the mothers in the intervention group felt significantly more confident with the infant and felt the infant to be closer than did the mothers in control group B.
CONCLUSION. A process-oriented breastfeeding training program for antenatal midwives and postnatal nurses that included an intervention that guaranteed continuity of care strengthened the maternal relationship with the infant and the feelings for the infant.
Extremely Growth-Retarded Infants: Is There a Viability Centile?
Authors: Kamoji Vishwanath M. , Dorling Jon S. , Manktelow Bradley N. , Draper Elizabeth S. , Field David J. 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND. It is known that extremely premature infants do less well than more mature infants, and this fact has led some countries to adopt a “cutoff for viability” using birth weight or gestation. Infants affected by intrauterine growth retardation are at additional risk of poor outcome. There are few data to inform decisions about viability and (dis)continuation of intensive care when both extreme prematurity and severe growth retardation are present.OBJECTIVE. We focused on (1) premature infants affected by marked intrauterine growth retardation to determine if there was a cutoff weight centile below which the mortality sharply increased and (2) the short-term outcome of extremely premature and growth-retarded infants to determine a cutoff for viability.METHODS. We evaluated preterm infants of 22–32 weeks' gestation if they were alive at the onset of labor and born to European mothers resident in the Trent (United Kingdom) health region between 1994 and 2003. Infants were categorized into 6 weight centiles, and infants in each category were assessed for survival to discharge from the neonatal unit, duration of respiratory support, length of stay in the neonatal unit, and the age at death in nonsurvivors.RESULTS. We identified a total of 8228 infants who met the study criteria. Of these, 4448 infants were male, 6194 were from singleton pregnancies, and 2887 were born at ≤28 completed weeks of gestation. Survival to discharge was markedly reduced in the infants born at ≤28 weeks of gestation with a birth weight less than the 2nd centile. Stillbirth was inversely related to birth weight centile in infants born before 29 weeks of gestation.CONCLUSIONS. The survival for infants born at ≤28 weeks' gestation and having a birth weight in less than the 2nd centile is poor, and consideration should be given to modifying their management.