bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Filarial Glutathione-S-transferase by various classes of compounds and their evaluation as novel antifilarial agents
Authors: Ahmad R. , Srivastava A. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase(s); GST(s) (E.C. 2.5.1.18) are a large family of multifunctional dimeric enzymes that conjugate reduced glutathione to electrophilic centres in hydrophobic organic compounds. GST(s) represent the major class of detoxifying enzymes from parasitic helminths. The GST enzymatic activity has been described in the adult and larval stages of helminths. Several forms and isoforms of the enzyme have been purified and GST genes have also been isolated and expressed as recombinant proteins. The helminth GST(s) participate in detoxification of lipid hydroperoxides and cytotoxic carbonyl compounds produced by oxygen-reactive intermediates (ORIs). The ORIs can come from the endogenous parasite metabolism or from the host immune system. The helminth GST(s) are able to conjugate glutathione to xenobiotic compounds or to bind to the anthelminth drugs. GST is usually found to be localized near to host-parasite interface. This enzyme has been identified as a potentially vulnerable target in immunotherapy and chemotherapy of parasitic diseases. The most effective drug candidates are those based on inhibitors of GST. In the present study, purified GST from cytosolic fraction of bovine filarial worms Setaria cervi was inhibited in a concentration dependent fashion by various compounds such as hemin, ethacrynic acid, S-hexylglutathione, quercetin, cibacron blue, lithocholate sulfate and ellagic acid. Cytosolic GST was inhibited to varying degrees by each inhibitor. In this context, the possible physiological significance of the observed results has been discussed.
Helminth communities and host-parasite relationships in argentine brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Gomez Villafañe I. , Robles M. , Busch M. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The aims of this research were: 1) to determine the helminth parasite fauna of seventy two Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) individuals inhabiting poultry farms in the Pampean region of Argentina; 2) to examine the relationship between parasitism and individual characteristics of the hosts, and 3) to analyze the associations among helminths. The study was carried out in twenty-four poultry farms from autumn 2000 to winter 2001. Nematodes were found in the intestine or caecum rectum of the 74 % of rats and cestodes were found along all the intestine of the 28 % of rats. Heterakis spumosa (Travassos 1914) was a central species, whereas Syphacia muris, Yamaguti 1941, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Travassos 1914) and Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi 1819) were satellite species. Helminths do not affect rat survival and growth of rats. Rats parasitized with H. spumosa and H. diminuta were larger and older than non-parasitized rats. The intensity of infection with H. spumosa significantly increased with rat age. Rats parasitized with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Syphacia muris did not differ in size and age with respect to non-parasitized ones. The mean intensity of infections per host was 33.74, 74.28, higher than 200, and 3.10 for H. spumosa, S. muris, N. brasiliensis and H. diminuta, respectively. The mean intensity of infection with H. spumosa was higher in summer than in the other seasons, while the higher mean intensity of infection with N. brasiliensis and S. muris occurred in autumn. Infections with Heterakis spumosa and Syphacia muris, and with Syphacia muris and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were independent; while Heterakis spumosa and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were negatively associated.
Occurrence and geographical distribution of cyst nematodes in cereals and grassland in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Renčo M. , Čerevková A. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
A study of occurrence and geographical distribution of cyst-forming nematodes in monocultural cereal fields and multispecies grassland vegetation in Slovak Republic revealed the presence of two species of Heterodera: H. avenae and H. schachtii. The frequency of occurrence of H. avenae was 37.8 % in cereal fields and 3.3 % in grassland. Cysts of H. schachtii were found only in cereal fields along with cysts of H. avenae, in the western part of country. The occurrence of other graminaceous cyst nematode species was not recorded.
Interaction between cadmium and zinc in barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare<i> L.) grown under field conditions
Authors: Akay Aysen , Koleli Nurcan 
Published: November 2008

The interaction between cadmium (0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 kg/da) and zinc (0, 1.5 and 3 kg/da) in barley (Hordium vulgare L. cv. Karatay-94) alone and in combination at tillering stage (3 - 4 leaf) grown under field conditions showed no phytotoxic symptoms. Cd application did not affect the grain yield of barley. Cd concentrations in flag leaf and grain increased marginally with increasing level of Cd but decreased with increasing Zn application. Cd and Zn application caused insignificant changes in N and K concentrations in barley. But P concentration in grain at especially Zn0 dose decreased with increasing level of Cd application. The effect of different doses of Cd and Zn on grains Cd content was found to be significant. Increased Cd doses generally decreased Zn content in grains. Â Key words: Interaction, Growth, Barley, Field conditions doi:10.3329/bjb.v36i1.1543 Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(1): 13-19, 2007 (June)
Phylogenetic relationships between members of Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae of lower gangetic plains using RAPD and ISSR markers
Authors: Ray Tui , Roy SC 
Published: November 2008

The present study is the first report of phylogenetic relationships between some economically important members of Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae of Lower Gangetic Plains of India, using RAPD and ISSR markers. A total of 293 RAPD and 177 ISSR fragments were generated with 15 (out of 50) decamer arbitrary primers and 11 (out of 30) microsatellite repeat anchored primers, respectively. Mean genetic similarities were estimated at 0.47 and 0.45 using RAPDs and ISSRs, respectively. The members of Chenopodiaceae are separated from those of Amaranthaceae in both the cases. The mantel test between the two Jaccard's similarity matrices gave r = 0.83, showing good correlation between RAPD and ISSR based similarities. However, in both the dendrograms Celosia sp. showed distant relationships with other amaranths. Key words: Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, RAPD, ISSR, Phylogenetic relationships Â doi:10.3329/bjb.v36i1.1544 Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(1): 21-28, 2007 (June)
New records of phytoplankton for Bangladesh. 2. Cryptophyceae and Synurophyceae
Authors: Khondker Moniruzzaman , Bhuiyan Rauf Ahmed , Yeasmin Jenat , Alam Munirul , Sack R Bradley , Huq Anwar , Colwell Rita R 
Published: November 2008

This study presents two species of Rhodomonas, four species of Chroomonas, six species of Cryptomonas and Cryptochrysis minor, Cyanomonas coeruleus, Chrysodidymus synuroideus and Mallomonas akrokomos. These species have been reported from some ponds of Mathbaria in Pirojpur and Bakerganj of Barisal district in Bangladesh. Â Key words: Phytoplankton, New records, Cryptomonads, Synuroids, Ponds doi:10.3329/bjb.v36i1.1549 Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(1): 53-59, 2007 (June)
Occurrence of weed species in transplanted aman rice field as affected by cultivar
Authors: Mian MAK , Matin MA , Hossain MA 
Published: November 2008

In an ecological study of weed species in transplanted aman rice field, eight weed species were observed, namely Paspalum scrobiculatum L., Echinochloa colonum L., Fimbristylis littralis (L.) Vahl., Cyperus iria L., Alisma plantago L., Jussieua decurrens (Walt.) DC., Polygonum orientale L. and Sphenocelea zeylanica Gaertn. Among them Paspalum scrobiculatum L. was the most dominating species in respect of summed dominance ratio (SDR of 41.71) and relative dry weight (RDW of 60.18%). All weed species except A. plantago and J. decurrens were found dominant in semi-dwarf modern cultivars (BR11 and BR22) than in traditional tall cultivars (Nizersail and Biroi). The highest co-efficient of similarity was rendered by BR11 versus BR22 (91.22%), similarly by Nizersail versus Biroi (90.22%). All the cultivars demonstrated a positive relationship (r = 0.71 at p < 0.01) between weed growth and grain yield of rice. Â Key words: Weed, Transplanted aman rice, Summed dominance ratio, Coefficient, Similarity, Cultivar doi:10.3329/bjb.v36i1.1554 Â Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(1): 89-92, 2007 (June)
Scanning electron microscopy of floral initiation and developmental stages in Sweet cherry (<i>Prunus avium</i> L.) under water deficits
Authors: Engin Hakan 
Published: November 2008

The influence of different irrigation conditions on flower bud development of the sweet cherry cv. â0900 Ziraat' was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Flower bud development was compared in three irrigation treatments. Control trees (I100) were irrigated at approximately 100% ET. Stress treatments received 50% (I50) and 20% (I20) of the water applied to the control. The rate of flower bud initiation at the stage of differentiation of sepal, petal, stamen and pistil primordia was considerably slower at I20 as compared to the more irrigated treatments. Also, when water was not provided in the next year, flower bud initiation and differentiation was delayed. These results suggested that the lower the irrigation, the slower the progression of flower differentiation. Â Key words: Floral initiation, Bud differentiation, Irrigation, Prunus avium, Sweet cherry doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1558 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(1): 15-19, 2008 (June)
Pollen morphology of some Turkish <i>Campanula</i> spp. and their taxonomic value
Authors: Erkara Ismuhan Potoglu , Ocak Atila , Pehlivan Sevil 
Published: November 2008

Detailed pollen morphological structures of 12 Turkish species of Campanula L., e.g. C. argaea, C. cymbalaria, C. glomerata subsp. hispida, C. latiloba subsp. latiloba, C. lyrata subsp. lyrata, C. olympica, C. persicifolia, C. pterocaula, C. rapunculoides subsp. cordifolia, C. rapunculus var. rapunculus, C. stricta var. stricta, C. pamphylica subsp. tokurii have been studied under light (LM) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) for the first time. LM and SEM investigations show that the pollen grains of 12 taxa are more or less oblato-sphaeroidal, triporate (and/or tetraporate), tectum-scabrate, or with circular amb. The exine sculpture is granulate-scabrate in C. argaea, C. lyrata subsp. lyrata, C. stricta var. stricta, C. glomerata subsp. hispida and C. pamphylica subsp. tokurii; but those of C. cymbalaria, C. latiloba subsp. latiloba, C. olympica, C. persicifolia, C. pterocaula, C. rapunculoides subsp. cordifolia and C. rapunculus var. rapunculus are rugulate-scabrate. Â Key words: Campanula, Pollen grains, Pollen morphology doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1561 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(1): 33-42, 2008 (June)
Disease reaction of different crops against virulent potato isolates of <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> Kuhn
Authors: Khandaker Md Maniruzzaman , Khair Abul , Bhuiyan Md Khurshed Alam 
Published: November 2008

A total of 33 hosts from different crop types viz. cereal, pulse, oil, vegetable and fiber plants were tested for pathogenicity in artificially inoculated condition against two isolates (BTB115 and DK64) of Rhizoctonia solani, virulent to potato. In respect of symptoms developed on the stems, the most susceptible hosts against both the isolates were string bean, bottle gourd, groundnut, pea and pumpkin. Soybean stems were highly susceptible to DK64 and less susceptible to BTB115. Disease symptoms did not develop on stems of five crops namely brinjal, proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), stem-amaranth, kangkong (Ipomoea reptans L.) and tomato. Symptoms appeared on leaves of all the crops tested. Leaves of groundnut, bush bean, bottle gourd and okra were highly susceptible while those of barley and millet were less susceptible. Â Key words: Rhizoctonia solani, Virulent, Pathogenecity, Crop hosts doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1567 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(1): 75-80, 2008 (June)
Parameter identifiability with Kullback–Leibler information divergence criterion
Authors: Chen Badong , Hu Jinchun , Zhu Yu , Sun Zengqi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe study the problem of parameter identifiability with Kullback–Leibler information divergence (KLID) criterion. The KLID‐identifiability is defined, which can be related to many other concepts of identifiability, such as the identifiability with Fisher's information matrix criterion, identifiability with least‐squares criterion, and identifiability with spectral density criterion. We also establish a simple check criterion for the Gaussian process and derive an upper bound for the minimal identifiable horizon of Markov process. Furthermore, we define the asymptotic KLID‐identifiability and prove that, under certain constraints, the KLID‐identifiability will be a sufficient or necessary condition for the asymptotic KLID‐identifiability. The consistency problems of several parameter estimation methods are also discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid‐Liquid Biphasic, Platinum‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Allyl Chloride with Trichlorosilane using an Ionic Liquid Catalyst Phase in a Continuous Loop Reactor
Authors: Hofmann Norbert , Bauer Andreas , Frey Thomas , Auer Marco , Stanjek Volker , Schulz Peter S. , Taccardi Nicola , Wasserscheid Peter 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe platinum‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of allyl chloride with trichlorosilane was investigated in an ionic liquid‐organic biphasic reaction mode. After an ionic liquid screening and repetitive batch mode experiments, the process was realized in a continuous mode using a loop reactor concept with integrated continuous separation and recycling of the ionic liquid catalyst phase. The continuous reactor could be operated for 48 h at constant activity and selectivity without addition of platinum indicating that platinum leaching into the product phase was far below 1 ppm. Enhanced selectivity for the product trichloro(3‐chloropropyl)silane (compared to the state‐of‐the art) and the possibility to use simple platinum tetrachloride (PtCl4) as platinum source are further attractive features of this new ionic liquid‐based process concept.
Recoverable Palladium Catalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐ Coupling Reactions Based on Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Silica Materials Containing Imidazolium and Dihydroimidazolium Salts
Authors: Trilla Montserrat , Borja Guadalupe , Pleixats Roser , Man Michel Wong Chi , Bied Catherine , Moreau Joël J. E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe systems formed by palladium acetate [Pd(OAc)2] and hybrid silica materials prepared by sol‐gel from monosilylated imidazolium and disilylated dihydroimidazolium salts show catalytic activity in Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐couplings with challenging aryl bromides and chlorides. They are very efficient as recoverable catalysts with aryl bromides. Recycling is also possible with aryl chlorides, although with lower conversions. In situ formation of palladium nanoparticles has been observed in recycling experiments.
Enhancing and Reversing the Stereoselectivity of Escherichia coli Transketolase via Single‐Point Mutations
Authors: Smith Mark E. B. , Hibbert Edward G. , Jones Alexander B. , Dalby Paul A. , Hailes Helen C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChiral auxiliary methodology and chiral assays have been developed to establish the enantiomeric purities of erythrulose and 1,3‐dihydroxypentan‐2‐one generated using wild‐type (WT) Escherichia coli transketolase (TK). L‐Erythrulose was formed in 95% ee and (3S)‐1,3‐dihydroxypentan‐2‐one in 58% ee. Since the latter compound was formed in moderate ee, TK libraries were screened to identify higher performing mutants. A colorimetric screen and chiral assay were successfully applied to a 96‐well format, and new active TK mutants were identified, which gave 1,3‐dihydroxypentan‐2‐one in high stereoselectivities. Remarkably, active‐site single‐point mutants were identified that were able to both enhance and reverse the stereoselectivity of TK.
Surface‐center temperature differences within milk droplets during convective drying and drying‐based Biot number analysis
Authors: Patel Kamlesh C. , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAn assumption of uniform temperature is frequently used when evaluating average temperature‐time and average moisture content‐time profiles for the convective drying of small droplets or thin‐layer materials. In most studies, the assumption of uniform temperature was justified by estimating the heat‐transfer Biot number at the beginning and end of the drying process. However, the conventional Biot number analysis performed in the literature does not reflect the evaporative effect. In this article, we have examined the temperature uniformity and the heat‐transfer Biot number during the drying of skim milk droplets under laboratory drying conditions following the entire drying process. Surface‐centre temperature differences and conventional and drying‐based Biot numbers are calculated during the drying of skim milk droplets. A simple procedure is outlined to estimate the extent of temperature nonuniformity within the droplet. Results demonstrated that temperature nonuniformity within the skim milk droplets under drying conditions examined is very small, thus the uniform temperature assumption is more likely to be a reliable approach to model heat and mass transfer processes in industrial spray dryers. The analyses provided in this study help in understanding a few assumptions used in literature, and offer a framework that may be used in the future. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Synthesis of 11C, 18F, 15O, and 13N Radiolabels for Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Miller Philip W. , Long Nicholas J. , Vilar Ramon , Gee Antony D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful and rapidly developing area of molecular imaging that is used to study and visualize human physiology by the detection of positron‐emitting radiopharmaceuticals. Information about metabolism, receptor/enzyme function, and biochemical mechanisms in living tissue can be obtained directly from PET experiments. Unlike magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT), which mainly provide detailed anatomical images, PET can measure chemical changes that occur before macroscopic anatomical signs of a disease are observed. PET is emerging as a revolutionary method for measuring body function and tailoring disease treatment in living subjects. The development of synthetic strategies for the synthesis of new positron‐emitting molecules is, however, not trivial. This Review highlights key aspects of the synthesis of PET radiotracers with the short‐lived positron‐emitting radionuclides 11C, 18F, 15O, and 13N, with emphasis on the most recent strategies.
Colloidal Lithography—The Art of Nanochemical Patterning
Authors: Zhang Gang , Wang Dayang 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNanochemical printmaking: Colloidal lithography paves a powerful nanochemical way for patterning on planar substrates and microparticles. The feature size can easily be scaled down to 100 nm by reducing the diameter of the microspheres and the feature shape diversified by the crystalline structure of a colloidal crystal mask, the mask etching time, the incidence angle of the vapor beam, and the mask registry (the azimuth angle of the vapor beam).magnified imageColloidal lithography relies on using colloidal crystals as masks for etching and deposition, and allows fabrication of various nanostructures on planar and non‐planar substrates with low‐cost, high‐throughput‐processing, large fabrication area, and a broad choice of materials. The feature size can easily shrink by decreasing the microsphere diameter in the colloidal mask. The feature shape can be diversified by varying the crystal structure of the colloidal mask, etching the mask, altering the incidence angle of the vapor beam, and stepwise manipulation of the mask registry. This nanochemical patterning strategy paves a complementary way to conventional top‐down lithography. This focus review provides an overview of the principle of colloidal lithography, and surveys the recent developments as well as outlining the future challenges.
Proximity of pediatric genetic services to children with birth defects in Texas
Authors: Case Amy P. , Canfield Mark A. , Barnett Ann , Raimondo Patricia , Drummond‐Borg Margaret , Livingston Judith , Kowalik Jenifer 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Families of children with major structural malformations often benefit greatly from genetic services. However, these services may not be readily available in all areas. The purpose of this study was to use data from a statewide birth defects registry and geographic information system methodology to compare the spatial distribution and to summarize the distance of pediatric clinical genetic service providers in relation to residential addresses of children with selected birth defects in Texas. METHODS: Live‐born children delivered between 1999–2004 in the Texas Birth Defects Registry with major structural defects and chromosomal anomalies were selected by a clinical geneticist according to diagnosis code. Mother's address at delivery of the case infants was geocoded as was the location of offices where clinical geneticists in Texas see pediatric patients. Using geographic information system tools, the authors then computed distance from each case mother's residence to the location of the nearest office where pediatric patients can be seen by clinical geneticists, summarized these distances, and graphically plotted the location of each case in relation to the nearest provider. RESULTS: Nearly 25,000 Registry cases met the criteria for selection for geocoding. Of those, 22,875 (91.8%) were successfully geocoded to street level. CONCLUSIONS: Although 82% of addresses were within 30 miles of the nearest pediatric genetic clinic, 14% lived 31–100 miles from the nearest facility, and 4% of case families would need to drive more than 100 miles, including some who live in midsized cities, indicating geographic disparities in access to these necessary services. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.