bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and experimental studies of anisotropic shrinkage in injection moldings of various polyesters
Authors: Kwon Keehae , Isayev A. I. , Kim K. H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA novel approach to predict anisotropic shrinkage of slow crystallizing polymers in injection moldings was proposed, using the flow‐induced crystallization, frozen‐in molecular orientation, elastic recovery, and PVT equation of state. In the present study, three different polyesters, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene‐2,6‐naphthalate (PEN), are used. The anisotropic thermal expansion and compressibility affected by the frozen‐in orientation function and the elastic recovery that was not frozen during moldings were introduced to obtain the in‐plane anisotropic shrinkages. The frozen‐in orientation function was calculated from the amorphous contribution based on the frozen‐in and intrinsic amorphous birefringence and crystalline contribution based on the crystalline orientation function determined from the elastic recovery and intrinsic crystalline birefringence. To model the elastic recovery and frozen‐in stresses related to birefringence during molding process, a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equation was used with the temperature‐dependent viscosity and relaxation time. Occurrence of the flow‐induced crystallization was introduced through the elevation of melting temperature affected by entropy production during flow of the viscoelastic melt. Kinetics of the crystallization was modeled using Nakamura and Hoffman‐Lauritzen equations with the rate constant affected by the elevated melting temperature. Numerous injection molding runs were carried out by varying the packing time, packing pressure, flow rate, melt and mold temperature, and anisotropic shrinkage of moldings were measured. The experimental results were compared with the simulated data and found in a fair agreement. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3526–3544, 2006
DNA delivery using low molecular water‐soluble chitosan nanocomplex as a biomedical device
Authors: Choi Changyong , Kim Dong‐Gon , Jang Min‐Ja , Kim Tae‐Hyeong , Jang Mi‐Kyeong , Nah Jae‐Woon 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe investigate the potential of low molecular water‐soluble chitosan (LMWSC), LMWSC–methoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG) [LCP], and LMWSC–MPEG–cholesterol (LCP–Ch) as a gene carrier. LMWSC with free‐amine group was formed at the low weight ratio, above a 1:2 weight ratio of plasmid DNA:LMWSC. LCP and LCP–Ch achieved complex formation of above 1:8 and 1:24 by reacting with MPEG and cholesterol (Ch) on the amine‐group, respectively. Particle sizes at the pH 6.5 and 7.0 were about 100–120 nm and 120–160 nm, respectively. The surface charge of the complex also depended on the pH. At pH 6.5, the surface charge of the complex was higher than that at pH 7.0. The zeta potential of the LCP modified with MPEG or of the LCP‐Ch modified with cholesterol has lower positive value than that of LMWSC because of the decrease of the positive charge. The morphologies of the complexes by transmission electron microscope were of spherelike shape with the average diameters of about 100–150 nm. Among the three gene carriers, LCP–Ch/plasmid DNA showed the highest gene expression owing to the hydrophobic interaction between cell surface and cholesterol. No cytotoxicity was observed in the gene carriers investigated in this study at various concentrations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3545–3551, 2006
Synthesis and characterization of thermo‐ and pH‐sensitive block copolymers bearing a biotin group at the poly(ethylene oxide) chain end
Authors: Tong Dajun , Yao Jia , Li Haoran , Han Shijun 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate) block copolymer (PEO‐b‐PDMAEMA) bearing an amino moiety at the PEO chain end was synthesized by a one‐pot sequential oxyanionic polymerization of ethylene oxide (EO) and dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), followed by a coupling reaction between its PEO amino and a biotin derivative. The polymers were charac terized with 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Activated biotin, biotin‐NHS (N‐hydroxysuccinimide), was used to synthesize biotin‐PEO‐PDMAEMA. In aqueous media, the solubility of the copolymer was temperature‐ and pH‐sensitive. The particle size of the micelle formed from functionalized block copolymers was determined by dynamic light scattering. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3552–3558, 2006
Preparation and properties of novel water‐soluble surfactants. I. Synthesis and surface activity of polycarboxylated multihydrophilic surfactants
Authors: Lai Chiu‐Chun , Chen Keng‐Ming 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA series of novel surfactants containing multianionic and nonionic hydrophilic moieties were prepared by reacting fumaric acid with polyoxyethylenated stearyl ether in the presence of a peroxy‐type free radical initiator to form a carboxylic‐acid‐group‐containing addition product. The structure of these surfactants was confirmed by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis. These surfactants exhibit excellent functional properties of self‐sequestering. This means that besides good surfactant properties, including surface tension, foaming, and wetting, they possess autonomous sequestering ability without any help of additional sequestering agent. When used in cotton bleaching procedures, these surfactants increase the penetration of the fibers of gray fabrics and increase the whiteness of bleached cotton. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3559–3564, 2006
Pesticides removal performance by low‐pressure reverse osmosis membranes
Authors: Bhattacharya A. , Ray P. , Brahmbhatt H. , Vyas K. N. , Joshi S. V. , Devmurari C. V. , Trivedi J. J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPressure driven techniques (viz. reverse osmosis and nanofiltration) have the potentiality to remove the pesticides from water. The observations revealed that pesticides removal mostly depends upon the molecular weight (size exclusion) and hydrophobicity (log P) of the pesticides. Interfacial polymerization of m‐phenylene diamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on the polysulfone membranes impart the salt rejection property in it. It is shown that with the greater salt rejection property, the performance removal of pesticides also is in increasing trend. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3575–3579, 2006
Influence of graphite particle size and shape on the properties of NBR
Authors: Yang Jian , Tian Ming , Jia Qing‐Xiu , Zhang Li‐Qun , Li Xiao‐Lin 
Published: August 2006

AbstractFour graphite powder fillers with different form and size were mixed with acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR, acrylonitrile content at 26%) at 20, 40 and 60 phr of the filler loadings, and the obtained compounds were characterized by SEM, tensile test, friction and wear test. Through the SEM observation, it was found that the expanded graphite could not be broken down to small particles uniformly when blended with rubber on the twin‐roller. In the tensile test, the graphite with the smallest size possessed the best reinforcement ability as expected. The tribological properties of the rubber were improved when adding more graphite. The largest graphite particles imparted the lowest friction coefficient of the composites among four fillers, but the submicrometer graphite provided the best wear property to NBR. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4007–4015, 2006
Interfacial interaction, morphology, and tensile properties of a composite of highly crystalline cellulose and maleated polypropylene
Authors: Qiu Wuline , Endo Takashi , Hirotsu Takahiro 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA composite of highly crystalline cellulose was synthesized via a melt‐mixing method with maleic anhydride (MA)‐grafted polypropylene (PP), MAPP, which was prepared by melt‐mixing PP with 0.25–8.0 phr (part of reagent per hundred parts of PP) of MA, and the morphology and tensile properties were examined with respect to the interfacial interactions of MAPP and cellulose. The graft degree (Gd) of MAPP increases with an increase in the initial MA amount up to 2.5 phr, beyond which it decreases because of the remaining of more free MA monomers and/or the formation of more oligomers remaining in the matrix. The morphology and tensile properties of the composite are affected strongly by Gd as well as the presence of the free MA in the matrix. For the MAPP without any free MA, even the Gd value as small as 0.25–0.5 wt % yields a maximal tensile strength. The existence of free MA monomers in the MAPP decreases the tensile strength, probably because of interrupting the interactions of the grafted MA groups with the OH groups of cellulose. The tensile properties of the composite correlate with the interfacial adhesion as well as the dispersion of cellulose microfibers in the matrix, both of which are determined by the interactions of the OH groups on cellulose with the grafted MA groups. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3830–3841, 2006
Nonisothermal crystallization behavior of melt‐intercalated polyethylene‐clay nanocomposites
Authors: Yuan Q. , Awate S. , Misra R. D. K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe influence of nanoclay particles on the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of intercalated polyethylene (PE) prepared by melt‐compounding was investigated. It is observed that the crystallization peak temperature (Tp) of PE/clay nanocomposites is slightly but consistently higher than the neat PE at various cooling rates. The half‐time (t0.5) for crystallization decreased with increase in clay content, implying the nucleating role of nanoclay particles. The nonisothermal crystallization data are analyzed using the approach of Avrami (Polymer 1971, 12, 150), Ozawa (Polym Eng Sci 1997, 37, 443), and Mo and coworkers (J Res Natl Bur Stand 1956, 57, 217), and the validity of the different kinetic models to the nonisothermal crystallization process of PE/clay nanocomposites is discussed. The approach developed by Mo and coworkers successfully explains the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of PE and PE/clay nanocomposites. The activation energy for nonisothermal crystallization of neat PE and PE/clay nanocomposites is determined using the Kissinger (J Res Natl Bur Stand 1956, 57, 217) method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3809–3818, 2006
Environmental regulation and innovation driving ecological design in the UK automotive industry
Authors: Smith Mark , Crotty Jo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe theory of ecological modernization asserts that economic and environmental goals can be integrated within a framework of industrial modernity. Its central tenet is that environmental regulation can stimulate the application of ‘clean’ technologies or techniques. Ecological modernization also contends that environmental regulation can offer business benefits from innovation through improved product design and economic performance. The EU End of Life Vehicles Directive (ELVD) reflects many of these principles, as it compels all car manufacturers to ‘take back’ and dismantle vehicles at the end of their useful lives and to remove the hazardous substances from the production process. Each component will then be either reused or recycled. The legislation forces designers to introduce ‘clean design’ and ‘design for disassembly’ practices. In light of this, we examine the impact of the directive on UK automotive component manufacturers. We find limited evidence that the EU ELVD Directive has driven product innovation beyond short‐term, incremental technological trajectories. We therefore conclude that a more radical approach, in line with the ‘dematerialization’ thesis by Dobers and Wolff (1999), is needed to generate more radical, ecological design solutions within the UK automotive industry. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The Role of the 11‐cis‐Retinal Ring Methyl Substituents in Visual Pigment Formation
Authors: Domínguez Marta , Álvarez Rosana , Pérez Martín , Palczewski Krzysztof , de Lera Angel R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractArtificial visual pigment formation from ring‐demethylated retinals was studied in an effort to understand the effect that methyl groups on the chromophore cyclohexenyl ring have on the visual cycle. The stereoselective synthesis of the 11‐cis‐ring‐demethylated analogues involves thallium‐accelerated Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions and highly stereocontrolled Wittig reactions to form key bonds. Only 11‐cis‐1,1,5‐trisdemethylretinal (2) failed to form an artificial pigment, whilst variable pigment‐formation yields were determined for the remaining analogues, increasing with the number (and location) of the chromophore hydrophobic ring methyl groups. Our results with the monodemethylated analogues 11‐cis‐5‐demethylretinal (4) and 11‐cis‐1‐demethylretinal (5) show that the C1–2‐CH3 groups are more important for pigment formation than the C5‐CH3 substituent. This is reflected in the absorption maxima of the artificial pigments, with values closer to that of native rhodopsin for 4. Docking studies based on a rhodopsin crystal structure, however, predict a lower pigment stability for 4 than for 5. Gas‐phase DFT (B3LYP/6‐31G*) computations of the free‐ligand geometries, conformational searches about the C6C7 bond, and docking studies revealed that, although the conformation of bound 5 is close to that of the native chromophore, the ligand needs to overcome the energy cost of shifting the unbound favored 6‐s‐trans conformation to the bound 6‐s‐cis form. In addition, the presence of an extra methyl group at C18 (11‐cis‐18‐methylretinal, 7) is tolerated well and adds further stability to the complex, most probably due to increased hydrophobic interactions.
Theoretical Probing of Deltahedral closo‐AuroBoranes BxAux2‐ (x = 5—12)
Authors: Zubarev Dmitry Yu. , Li Jun , Wang Lai‐Sheng , Boldyrev Alexander I. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Growth, Transport, and Magnetic Properties of Ln3Co4Sn13 (Ln: La, Ce) with a Perovskite‐Like Structure.
Authors: Thomas Evan Lyle , Lee Han‐Oh , Bankston Andrew N. , MaQuilon Samuel , Klavins Peter , Moldovan Monica , Young David P. , Fisk Zachary , Chan Julia Y. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
CuAl2 Revisited: Composition, Crystal Structure, Chemical Bonding, Compressibility and Raman Spectroscopy.
Authors: Grin Yuri , Wagner Frank R. , Armbruester Marc , Kohout Miroslav , Leithe‐Jasper Andreas , Schwarz Ulrich , Wedig Ulrich , von Schnering Hans Georg 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Large Magnetoresistance in a Ferromagnetic Cobalite: The 12H Ba0.9CoO2.6.
Authors: Maignan A. , Hebert S. , Pelloquin D. , Pralong V. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of α‐Keto Esters Catalyzed by Ru‐Tunephos Complexes.
Authors: Wang Chun‐Jiang , Sun Xianfeng , Zhang Xumu 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective Addition of in situ Prepared Arylzinc to Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Series of Atropisomeric Binaphthyl‐Derived Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Lu Gui , Kwong Fuk Yee , Ruan Ji‐Wu , Li Yue‐Ming , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Synthetic Approach to Fluorine‐Containing Acetylenic Compounds Based on Nicholas Reaction.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Nagai Go , Ishihara Takashi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solvent‐Free L‐Proline Catalyzed Condensation of Ethyl Cyanoacetate with Aldehydes.
Authors: Oskooie Hossein A. , Roomizadeh Elham , Heravi Majid M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Radical Trifluoromethylation of Ti Ate Enolate: Possible Intervention of Transformation of Ti(IV) to Ti(III) for Radical Termination.
Authors: Itoh Yoshimitsu , Mikami Koichi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Liquid Crystals Based on Hypervalent Sulfur Fluorides. Part 4. Pentafluorosulfanyl Alkanes and Olefins.
Authors: Kirsch Peer , Binder Joerg T. , Lork Enno , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Buchwald—Hartwig Type Amination of Fluorous Arylsulfonates.
Authors: Zhang Wei , Nagashima Tadamichi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1,1‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)butadiene‐1,3 — A New Fluorinated Building Block.
Authors: Petrov Viacheslav A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Alkylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Imines via C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Colby Denise A. , Bergman Robert G. , Ellman Jonathan A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient and User‐Friendly Strategy for the Synthesis of Cyclopropane and Dihydrofuran Rings from Difunctional Compounds.
Authors: Mekonnen Alemayehu , Carlson Rolf 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Rapid and High‐Yield Synthesis of Aryloxyacetic Acid in One‐Pot under Microwave Irradiation and Phase Transfer Catalysis Conditions.
Authors: Wei Tai‐Bao , Liu Hong , Li Man‐Lin , Zhang You‐Ming 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Expedient, Flexible and Convergent Access to Selectively Protected 1,5‐Dicarbonyl Compounds. Applications to the Synthesis of 2,6‐Disubstituted Pyridines and Thiopyridines.
Authors: Boivin Jean , Carpentier Floriane , Jrad Rafik 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Isomeric Derivatives of Naturally Occurring Spatozoate.
Authors: Hayat Safdar , Atta‐ur‐Rahman Atta‐ur‐Rahman , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal , Khan Khalid Mohammed , Perveen Shahnaz , Shah Syed Tasadaque Ali , Anwar Awais , Anwar M. Usman , Bayer Ernst , Voelter Wolfgang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Activated Alkenes Induced Asymmetric Baylis—Hillman Reaction in Me3N/H2O/Solvent Medium.
Authors: He Ke , Zhou Zhenghong , Zhao Guofeng , Tang Chuchi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Benzoin Condensation Using Thiamine as Catalyst.
Authors: Bag Seema , Vaze Vidula V. , Degani Mariam S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Convenient Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Furans from Propargylic Dithioacetals.
Authors: Tseng Jui‐Chang , Chen Jia‐Hong , Luh Tien‐Yau 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Oxidative Mannich Reaction Catalyzed by Dirhodium Caprolactamate.
Authors: Catino Arthur J. , Nichols Jason M. , Nettles Brian J. , Doyle Michael P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Potent 5‐Nitrofuryl Derivatives as Inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi Growth. 3D‐QSAR (CoMFA) Studies.
Authors: Aguirre Gabriela , Boiani Mariana , Cabrera Eliana , Cerecetto Hugo , Di Maio Rossanna , Gonzalez Mercedes , Denicola Ana , Sant'Anna Carlos Mauricio R. , Barreiro Eliezer J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Aromatic C‐Thionucleosides.
Authors: Juarez Ernesto , Garcia Adriana , Hommer Herbert , Salas Magali , Gordillo Barbara 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Functionalized Dihydrofuran Derivatives: Synthesis by Diastereoselective Intramolecular Wittig Reaction.
Authors: Azizian Javad , Karimi Ali Reza , Soleimani Ebrahim , Mohammadi Ali A. , Mohammadizadeh Mohammad R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Critical Modifications of the ISO‐1 Scaffold Improve Its Potent Inhibition of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Tautomerase Activity.
Authors: Cheng Kai Fan , Al‐Abed Yousef 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.