bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cdc15 Is Required for Spore Morphogenesis Independently of Cdc14 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Pablo-Hernando M Evangelina , Arnaiz-Pita Yolanda , Nakanishi Hideki , Dawson Dean , del Rey Francisco , Neiman Aaron M , de Aldana Carlos R Vázquez 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae exit from mitosis requires the Cdc14 phosphatase to reverse CDK-mediated phosphorylation. Cdc14 is released from the nucleolus by the Cdc14 early anaphase release (FEAR) and mitotic exit network (MEN) pathways. In meiosis, the FEAR pathway is essential for exit from anaphase I. The MEN component Cdc15 is required for the formation of mature spores. To analyze the role of Cdc15 during sporulation, a conditional mutant in which CDC15 expression was controlled by the CLB2 promoter was used. Cdc15-depleted cells proceeded normally through the meiotic divisions but were unable to properly disassemble meiosis II spindles. The morphology of the prospore membrane was aberrant and failed to capture the nuclear lobes. Cdc15 was not required for Cdc14 release from the nucleoli, but it was essential to maintain Cdc14 released and for its nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. However, cells carrying a CDC14 allele with defects in nuclear export (Cdc14-ΔNES) were able to disassemble the spindle and to complete spore formation, suggesting that the Cdc14 nuclear export defect was not the cause of the phenotypes observed in cdc15 mutants.
A SAGA-Independent Function of SPT3 Mediates Transcriptional Deregulation in a Mutant of the Ccr4-Not Complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: James Nicole , Landrieux Emilie , Collart Martine A 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The conserved multi-subunit Ccr4-Not complex regulates gene expression in diverse ways. In this work, we characterize the suppression of temperature sensitivity associated with a mutation in the gene encoding the scaffold subunit of the Ccr4-Not complex, NOT1, by the deletion of SPT3. We determine that the deletion of SPT3, but not the deletion of genes encoding other subunits of the SAGA complex, globally suppresses transcriptional defects of not1-2. We find that transcriptional activation in not1-2 is associated with increased binding of TFIID and SAGA at promoters of upregulated genes, and this is suppressed by the deletion of SPT3. Interestingly, Spt3p-dependent activation of transcription occurs in not1-2 even if the SAGA complex is disrupted by the deletion of SPT7 that encodes a subunit of SAGA required for its integrity. Consistent with a SAGA-independent function of Spt3p, the deletion of SPT3 displays synthetic phenotypes when combined with a deletion of SPT7. Taken together, our results provide a new view of the Spt3 protein by identifying a SAGA-independent function of this protein that is functionally linked to the Ccr4-Not complex.
Mms22 Preserves Genomic Integrity During DNA Replication in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Dovey Claire L , Russell Paul 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The faithful replication of the genome, coupled with the accurate repair of DNA damage, is essential for the maintenance of chromosomal integrity. The MMS22 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays an important but poorly understood role in preservation of genome integrity. Here we describe a novel gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe that we propose is a highly diverged ortholog of MMS22. Fission yeast Mms22 functions in the recovery from replication-associated DNA damage. Loss of Mms22 results in the accumulation of spontaneous DNA damage in the S- and G2-phases of the cell cycle and elevated genomic instability. There are severe synthetic interactions involving mms22 and most of the homologous recombination proteins but not the structure-specific endonuclease Mus81-Eme1, which is required for survival of broken replication forks. Mms22 forms spontaneous nuclear foci and colocalizes with Rad22 in cells treated with camptothecin, suggesting that it has a direct role in repair of broken replication forks. Moreover, genetic interactions with components of the DNA replication fork suggest that Mms2 functions in the coordination of DNA synthesis following damage. We propose that Mms22 functions directly at the replication fork to maintain genomic integrity in a pathway involving Mus81-Eme1.
An Exact Sampling Formula for the Wright–Fisher Model and a Solution to a Conjecture About the Finite-Island Model
Authors: Lessard Sabin 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
An exact sampling formula for a Wright–Fisher population of fixed size N under the infinitely many neutral alleles model is deduced. This extends the Ewens formula for the configuration of a random sample to the case where the sample is drawn from a population of small size, that is, without the usual large-N and small-mutation-rate assumption. The formula is used to prove a conjecture ascertaining the validity of a diffusion approximation for the frequency of a mutant-type allele under weak selection in segregation with a wild-type allele in the limit finite-island model, namely, a population that is subdivided into a finite number of demes of size N and that receives an expected fraction m of migrants from a common migrant pool each generation, as the number of demes goes to infinity. This is done by applying the formula to the migrant ancestors of a single deme and sampling their types at random. The proof of the conjecture confirms an analogy between the island model and a random-mating population, but with a different timescale that has implications for estimation procedures.
High-Density Detection of Restriction-Site-Associated DNA Markers for Rapid Mapping of Mutated Loci in Neurospora
Authors: Lewis Zachary A , Shiver Anthony L , Stiffler Nicholas , Miller Michael R , Johnson Eric A , Selker Eric U 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The wealth of sequence information available for Neurospora crassa and other fungi has greatly facilitated evolutionary and molecular analyses of this group. Although “reverse” genetics, in which genes are first identified by their sequence rather than by their mutant phenotypes, serves as a valuable new approach for elucidating biological processes, classical “forward” genetic analysis is still extremely useful. Unfortunately, mapping mutations and identifying the corresponding genes has typically been slow and laborious. To facilitate forward genetics in Neurospora, we have adapted microarray-based restriction-site-associated DNA (RAD) mapping for use with N. crassa oligonucleotide microarrays. This technique was used to simultaneously detect an unprecedented number of genomewide restriction site polymorphisms from two N. crassa strains: Mauriceville and Oak Ridge. Furthermore, RAD mapping was used to quickly map a previously unknown gene, defective in methylation-7 (dim-7).
Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Term Infants With Status Epilepticus Detected With Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography
Authors: van Rooij Linda G.M. , de Vries Linda S. , Handryastuti Setyo , Hawani Dewi , Groenendaal Floris , van Huffelen Alexander C. , Toet Mona C. 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVES. This study evaluated seizure, patient characteristics, and neurodevelopmental outcome of term newborns with amplitude-integrated electroencephalography–detected status epilepticus.
METHODS. Fifty-six term infants with status epilepticus were identified during a 12.5-year period. The time of onset of status epilepticus, background pattern before and after status epilepticus, success of controlling status epilepticus with antiepileptic drugs, and neurodevelopmental outcome were studied.
RESULTS. The incidence of status epilepticus in our population was 18%. Forty-two infants (75%) had a poor outcome and 14 were normal at follow-up. When all infants were studied as a single group, we found that not the duration, but the background pattern was correlated with neurodevelopmental outcome. In 50% of the infants with a poor outcome, the background pattern was abnormal before the status epilepticus and in 71% after the status epilepticus. Among infants with a good outcome, background pattern was normal in 14% before and 7% after the status epilepticus. In a subgroup of 48 infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, there was a significant difference in background pattern, as well as in duration of the status epilepticus between infants with a poor outcome, compared with those with a good outcome. In 48% of the infants with a poor outcome, the background pattern was abnormal before, and in 75% after the status epilepticus, compared with 25% and 13%, respectively, for those with a good outcome. In 57% of the infants with a hemorrhage or perinatal arterial stroke, the status epilepticus was not controlled with antiepileptic drugs, compared with 21% in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (not significant).
CONCLUSIONS. The background pattern at the onset of status epilepticus was the main predictor of neurodevelopmental outcome. The duration of the status epilepticus was only of predictive value in the infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. No association was found between the ability to control status epilepticus and subsequent neurodevelopmental outcome.
Metabolic Correction Induced by Leptin Replacement Treatment in Young Children With Berardinelli-Seip Congenital Lipoatrophy
Authors: Beltrand Jacques , Beregszaszi Marta , Chevenne Didier , Sebag Guy , De Kerdanet Marc , Huet Frédéric , Polak Michel , Tubiana-Rufi Nadia , Lacombe Didier , De Paoli Alex M. , Levy-Marchal Claire 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVE. Berardinelli-Seip syndrome is a rare congenital lipoatrophy with a severe prognosis and no efficient therapy. Children present with low leptin levels and severe metabolic complications (insulin resistance, elevated triglyceride levels, and hepatic steatosis). The objective of this study was to test safety and efficacy of recombinant-methionyl-human leptin replacement in children with Berardinelli-Seip syndrome before development of severe metabolic disease
METHODS. As part of an open trial, recombinant-methionyl-human leptin was given daily for 4 months to children who did not have diabetes and had Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipoatrophy and metabolic complications at a dosage that was meant to achieve physiologic levels. Six boys and 1 girl (age: 2.4–13.6 years), with a mean fasting insulin level of &gt;15 mIU/L and hypertriglyceridemia, were included.
RESULTS. At the end of the recombinant-methionyl-human leptin treatment, a 63% reduction of fasting triglycerides level was achieved. A simultaneous 30% increase in insulin sensitivity was seen, and liver volume was reduced by 20.3%. More remarkable, values of insulin sensitivity and triglyceride level were in the reference range in 4 patients.
CONCLUSIONS. Leptin replacement is able to reverse metabolic complications in the majority of children with Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipoatrophy and with insulin resistance or dyslipidemia before the development of overt diabetes.
Cytokine Profiles in the Respiratory Tract During Primary Infection With Human Metapneumovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, or Influenza Virus in Infants
Authors: Melendi Guillermina A. , Laham Federico R. , Monsalvo A. Clara , Casellas Javier M. , Israele Victor , Polack Norberto R. , Kleeberger Steven R. , Polack Fernando P. 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVES. We characterized the T helper cytokine profiles in the respiratory tract of infants infected with influenza virus, human metapneumovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus to examine whether these agents elicit similar cytokine responses and whether T helper type 2 polarization is associated with wheezing and severe disease.
METHODS. A prospective study of infants who were seeking medical help for acute upper and/or lower respiratory tract infection symptoms for the first time and were found to be infected with influenza, human metapneumovirus, or respiratory syncytial virus was performed. Respiratory viruses were detected in nasal secretions with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays. The study was performed in emergency departments and outpatient clinics in Buenos Aires, Argentina. T cell cytokine responses were determined in nasal secretions with immunoassays and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays.
RESULTS. Influenza elicited higher levels of interferon-γ, interleukin-4, and interleukin-2 than did the other agents. Human metapneumovirus had the lowest interferon-γ/interleukin-4 ratio (T helper type 2 bias). However, no association was found between T helper type 2 bias and overall wheezing or hospitalization rates.
CONCLUSIONS. These findings show that viral respiratory infections in infants elicit different cytokine responses and that the pathogeneses of these agents should be studied individually.
Contact With Farm Animals in Early Life and Juvenile Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Radon Katja , Windstetter Doris , Poluda Anna Laura , Mueller Beatrice , Mutius Erika von , Koletzko Sibylle ,   Chronische Autoimmunerkrankungen und Kontakt zu Tieren (Chronic Autoimmune Disease and Animal Contact) Study Group
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to test the association between farm animal contact in infancy and the development of juvenile Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis.
METHODS. A case-control study was conducted in 13 children's hospitals by using a mailed questionnaire. Case subjects with Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis who were registered in these hospitals were eligible (response rate: 90%). Children who underwent strabismus surgery at 11 of the 13 centers served as control subjects (response rate: 85%). All children 6 to 18 years of age who were born in Germany without malformations were included (444 case subjects with Crohn disease, 304 case subjects with ulcerative colitis, and 1481 control subjects).
RESULTS. Regular contact with farm animals during the first year of life was associated inversely with Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition, regular contact with cats in infancy was linked inversely with case status. Allergic rhinitis was correlated significantly with Crohn disease but not with ulcerative colitis.
CONCLUSION. Contact with farm environments in infancy might decrease the risk of juvenile Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis.
Functional Impairment of the Brainstem in Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Wilkinson Andrew R. , Brosi Dorothea M. , Jiang Ze D. 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVES. To gain new insights into the influence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia on the immature brain and to detect abnormalities, we studied the functional integrity of the brainstem in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.METHODS. Forty-one very preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia were studied at postconceptional ages of 37 to 42 weeks. Brainstem auditory evoked responses were recorded and analyzed by using the maximal length sequence technique.RESULTS. Compared with term control subjects, wave V latency in the maximal length sequence brainstem auditory evoked response of the infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia increased significantly at all 91 to 910 clicks per second rates. Similarly, I–V and particularly III–V interpeak intervals increased significantly. The III–V/I–III interval ratio also increased significantly at all click rates. All of these abnormalities became more significant as the click rate was increased. Compared with healthy, very preterm control subjects, all of these maximal length sequence brainstem auditory evoked response variables increased significantly at all click rates, although the differences between the 2 groups were slightly smaller than those between the infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and the term control subjects. The wave I and III latencies and I–III interval in the infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia did not show any abnormalities. The slopes of the wave V latency-rate function and I–V and particularly III–V interval-rate functions for the infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia were significantly steeper than those for both term and healthy, very preterm control subjects. The slope of the III–V/I–III interval ratio-rate function for the infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia was also significantly steeper than those for the 2 control groups.CONCLUSIONS. The results suggest poor myelination and synaptic function of the brainstem in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, resulting in impaired functional integrity. In comparison, peripheral neural function was relatively intact.
Risk of Serious Neurologic Disease After Immunization of Young Children in Britain and Ireland
Authors: Ward Katherine N. , Bryant Naomi J. , Andrews Nick J. , Bowley Jennifer S. , Ohrling Anu , Verity Christopher M. , Ross Euan M. , Miller Elizabeth 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVE. We sought to investigate the risk of serious neurologic disease after immunization in early childhood.
METHODS. The results of a 3-year prospective study of children (2–35 months old) in Britain and Ireland with encephalitis and/or severe illness with convulsions and fever were linked to each child's vaccine history. Cases were reported via the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit's network. The self-controlled case-series method was used to investigate associations between immunization and acute potential adverse events. The risk periods investigated were 0 to 3 and 0 to 7 days post–diphtheria, tetanus, whole cell pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b or meningococcal C conjugate vaccine and 6 to 11 and 15 to 35 days post–measles, mumps, rubella vaccine.
RESULTS. A total of 157 disease episodes from 155 children met the analytical case definition. There were 11 cases of herpes simplex encephalitis and 23 cases of primary human herpesvirus 6 and/or 7 infection. There was no evidence of a raised relative incidence of serious neurologic disease in any of the specified risk periods with the exception of a raised relative incidence of 5.68 in the 6–11 days after measles, mumps, rubella vaccine. Based on this relative incidence, between 3 and 6 of the 6 cases in this period were estimated to be attributable to the vaccine with a best estimate of 5. The 6 cases all had fever with convulsions lasting &gt;30 minutes; in all but 1, there was complete recovery by discharge from hospital. Of the 5 patients who recovered, 1 had a concurrent primary human herpesvirus 6 infection and one a primary human herpesvirus 7.
CONCLUSIONS. Six to 11 days after measles, mumps, rubella vaccine there is an increased risk of fever and convulsions lasting &gt;30 minutes. All 6 of the episodes temporally related to immunization met the criteria for complex febrile convulsions. The estimated attributable risk of serious neurological disease was similar to that previously found for measles vaccine.
Cost-effectiveness of Head Computed Tomography in Infants With Possible Inflicted Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Campbell Kristine A. , Berger Rachel P. , Ettaro Lorraine , Roberts Mark S. 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVE. Early diagnosis of inflicted traumatic brain injury may reduce morbidity and mortality associated with repeated inflicted traumatic brain injuries. We undertook this study to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a policy of head computed tomography (CT) for inflicted traumatic brain injury in selected infants seen in an emergency department.METHODS. We constructed Markov models to compare a policy of CT to no CT in an asymptomatic 5-week-old infant with either (1) unexplained scalp bruising or (2) a history of an apparent life-threatening event. Health states modeled were no inflicted traumatic brain injury, misdiagnosed inflicted traumatic brain injury, mild inflicted traumatic brain injury (diagnosed or undiagnosed), and severe and fatal inflicted traumatic brain injury. Infants with undiagnosed inflicted traumatic brain injury were at increased risk of repeat inflicted traumatic brain injury. We used available literature to estimate probabilities, costs, and outcomes. The models terminated at death or at 52 weeks of age. Outcomes considered were severe and fatal inflicted traumatic brain injury cases averted through early detection of mild inflicted traumatic brain injury.DATA SOURCES. We conducted a literature review for estimates of inflicted traumatic brain injury incidence, outcome probabilities, and medical and societal costs. Wide ranges were set for sensitivity and Monte Carlo analyses.RESULTS. From a medical payer perspective, head CT for inflicted traumatic brain injury in infants with unexplained scalp bruising saved money. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated costs less than $50000 per severe or fatal inflicted traumatic brain injury averted in scenarios in which initial inflicted traumatic brain injury prevalence was &gt;3%. From a societal perspective, costs of child protection made head CT for inflicted traumatic brain injury more expensive.CONCLUSIONS. From a medical payer perspective, our models demonstrate that CT for inflicted traumatic brain injury can be cost-effective and improve outcomes. The finding of higher societal cost reflects the substantial short-term costs of child protection. Our study supports a low medical threshold for CT screening and highlights the need for improved understanding of long-term costs and outcomes of child abuse.
Peripheral Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumor of the Gingiva
Authors: Iezzi Giovanna , Rubini Corrado , Fioroni Massimiliano , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: August 2007

Background: A dentinogenic ghost cell tumor is a locally invasive neoplasm that is characterized by ameloblastoma‐like islands of epithelial cells in a mature connective tissue stroma.Methods: A 43‐year‐old male patient presented a well‐circumscribed sessile, exophytic mass of the gingiva with a diameter of 2 cm located in the canine area of the right maxilla. The lesion was enucleated.Results: The lesion showed odontogenic epithelium, ghost cells, dentinoid material, and giant cells. The final microscopic diagnosis was a dentinogenic ghost cell tumor.Conclusions: A dentinogenic ghost cell tumor is an extremely rare tumor, and only a few cases have been reported in the English literature. The peripheral, extraosseous lesion can be easily confused with other gingival lesions such as reactive or inflammatory lesions or other peripheral odontogenic tumors. The clinical appearance of all of these lesions is similar; therefore, the definitive diagnosis depends on histology, and a biopsy with a microscopic examination is mandatory.