bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Thermal Behavior of Different Aluminosilicate Gels
Authors: Fernandez‐Jimenez A. , Vallepu Ramesh , Terai Tohru , Palomo A. , Ikeda Ko 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Discovery of the “Devil′s Flower” in a Charge‐Ordering System — Synchrotron X‐Ray Diffraction Study of NaV2O5
Authors: Ohwada Kenji , Fujii Yasuhiko , Nakao Hironori , Murakami Youichi , Isobe Masahiko , Ueda Yutaka 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heterocyclic Terpenes: Linear Furano‐ and Pyrroloterpenoids
Authors: Liu Yonghong , Zhang Si , Abreu Pedro J. M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Homologation of Heterocycles by a Sequential Reductive Opening Lithiation—Electrophilic Substitution—Cyclization
Authors: Yus Miguel , Foubelo Francisco 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Discovery of Progesterone Receptor Agonists and Antagonists Inspired by the Fungal Metabolite PF1092C
Authors: Kurihara Ken‐ichi , Shinei Rie , Okonogi Tsuneo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solvent Hydrogen Isotope Effects in Catalysis by Carbonic Anhydrase: Proton Transfer Through Intervening Water Molecules
Authors: Silvermann David N. , Elder Ileana 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Use of Levoglucosenone and Isolevoglucosenone as Templates for the Construction of C‐Linked Disaccharides
Authors: Awad Loay , Demange Raynald , Zhu Yao‐Hua , Vogel Pierre 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Functional Analysis of Glycoprotein Oligosaccharide Through Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Authors: Totani Kiichiro , Hagihara Shinya , Ito Yukishige 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Strigolactones in Chemical Ecology: Waste Products or Vital Allelochemicals?
Authors: Humphrey Andrew J. , Galster Aimee M. , Beale Michael H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Prospects of Using Solid Superacids as Catalysts in Petrochemical Industry
Authors: Al‐Mubaddel F. , Al‐Zeghayer Y. S. , Al‐Masry W. A. , Jibril B. Y. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Tautomerism of Heterocycles: Substituent Tautomerism of Six‐Membered Ring Heterocycles
Authors: Stanovnik Branko , Tisler Miha , Katritzky Alan R. , Denisko Olga V. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Variational Transition‐State Theory and Multidimensional Tunneling for Simple and Complex Reactions in the Gas Phase, Solids, Liquids, and Enzymes
Authors: Truhlar Donald G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural and Energetic Consequences of the Formation of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Koll A. , Karpfen A. , Wolschann P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Auswirkung des fertigungsbedingten Spaltes auf die Temperaturverteilung in Rohrplatten von Wärmeübertragern
Authors: Nadler M. , Nieratschker W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThermische Dehnungen können für Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager kritische Lastfälle darstellen. Aufgrund der Bauweise mit unterschiedlichen Stahlsorten ergeben sich für die Rohrplatten Verformungen, die bis in den plastischen Bereich reichen können. Mit Hilfe eines thermofluiddynamischen Modells wird die Temperaturverteilung eines repräsentativen Bereiches der Rohrplatten untersucht. In das Berechungsmodell geht der fertigungsbedingte Spalt zwischen Rohrplatte und Rohren ein. Spaltbedingt zeigt sich eine Verschiebung des lokalen Temperaturmaximums von der gasseitigen Oberfläche der Platte zur Rohrinnenseite. Felderfahrungen zeigen eine bevorzugte RIssinitiierung an gleicher Stelle.
Online‐in‐situ‐Mikroemulsionsmesstechnik
Authors: Gebauer G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFür die Entwicklung und die Herstellung von Mikroemulsionen ist es entscheidend, den Verfahrensprozess insbesondere während der Hinzufügung einzelner Komponenten in situ zu überwachen bzw. die Veränderungen der Mikroemulsion während des Verfahrens in situ zu bestimmen. Im Folgenden wird eine neuartige Mikroemulsionsmesstechnik vorgestellt, die insbesondere dafür qualifiziert ist – unabhängig vom Absolutwert der gemessenen Intensität und unter Berücksichtigung von Mehrfachstreuung – in situ den Übergangsbereich von makromolekularen Strukturen zu Mikroemulsionen zu messen und darüber den strukturellen Aufbau der Mikroemulsion zu bestimmen.
Multi‐stakeholder partnerships for sustainable development: rethinking legitimacy, accountability and effectiveness
Authors: Bäckstrand Karin 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe role of transnational partnerships in contemporary global environmental discourse raises larger questions of the legitimacy, effectiveness and accountability of networked governance. This article advances a conceptual framework for evaluating the legitimacy of partnership networks. Furthermore, it examines, in particular, the multi‐stakeholder partnerships for sustainable development announced at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg 2002. Partnership networks have been branded as a new form of global governance with the potential to bridge multilateral norms and local action by drawing on a diverse number of actors in civil society, government and business. Does the rise of global partnerships imply a re‐location and diffusion of authority from government to public–private ‘implementation networks’? Recent evaluations of the Johannesburg partnerships suggest that they can gain from a clearer linkage to existing institutions and multilateral agreements, measurable targets and timetables, more effective leadership, improved accountability, systematic review, reporting and monitoring mechanisms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Consequences of socially sharing emotions: testing the emotion‐response congruency hypothesis
Authors: Wetzer Inge M. , Zeelenberg Marcel , Pieters Rik 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe test the emotion‐response congruency hypothesis, which predicts that the consequences of socially sharing one's negative emotions depend on the congruency between the shared emotion and the response that is obtained from the interaction partner. Experiment 1a shows that the response that people prefer is dependent on the specific emotion shared. Experiment 1b, however, reveals that the responses that interaction partners provide do not differ across emotions. Yet, and crucially, Experiment 2 shows that the outcomes of sharing are affected by the congruency between the response that people receive and the emotion they share, thus supporting the emotion‐response congruency hypothesis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gold Nanoparticles in Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Sugars
Authors: Kurniawan Fredy , Tsakova Vessela , Mirsky Vladimir M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for detection of sugars was prepared by layer‐by‐layer deposition of gold nanoparticles on thin gold electrodes. The deposition was optimized by using of surface plasmon resonance. Voltammetric investigation and impedance spectroscopy of the sensor was performed. Electrical currents caused by glucose on bare gold electrodes and on gold electrodes coated by immobilized gold nanoparticles were compared. The electrodes with nanoparticles display much higher current of glucose oxidation. The oxidation becomes blocked when the swept electrode potential exceeded +0.25 V, during the back scan an oxidation peak is observed again but at less positive potential. The magnitudes of these current peaks are linearly dependent on the glucose concentration; this dependence can be used as calibration for analytical applications. The limit of detection for glucose is below 0.5 mM, the sensitivity (normalized to the macroscopic electrode surface) is about 160 μA cm−2 mM−1. The sensor response is linear till at least 8 mM of glucose concentration.
Bio FEDs (Field‐Effect Devices): State‐of‐the‐Art and New Directions
Authors: Schöning Michael J. , Poghossian Arshak 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper gives a brief survey on biologically sensitive FEDs (field‐effect devices) and introduces some recent approaches in this field. Basic concepts, functional principles and current trends in research and development for namely, ISFETs (ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistors), capacitive EIS (electrolyte‐insulator‐semiconductor) sensors and LAPS (light‐addressable potentiometric sensor) structures will be presented.
Amperometric Detection of H2O2 Using Gold Electrodes Modified with Starburst PAMAM Dendrimers and Prussian Blue
Authors: Bustos Bustos Erika , Chapman Thomas W. , Rodríguez‐Valadez F. , Godínez Luis A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractGold‐bead electrodes were modified by covalent bonding or physical adsorption of several Starburst PAMAM dendrimers (generations 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0) followed by absorption of Prussian Blue (PB). The covalent dendrimer‐PB‐modified electrodes can be used as amperometric sensors of H2O2 in aqueous solution. They offer enhanced sensitivity with correspondingly lower detection and quantification limits compared to similar amperometric detectors.
Electrochemical Desorption of Proteins from Gold Electrode Surface
Authors: Balasubramanian Shankar , Revzin Alexander , Simonian Aleksandr 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe goal of this study was to enable rational modulation of biological interfaces using electrochemical desorption of surface‐bound proteins. Coupled, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) – electrochemistry instrument was used to monitor molecular assembly events on gold electrodes and to correlate these events with changes in electrochemical properties of the substrate. Model proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), were conjugated via carbodiimide (EDC) chemistry to a layer of mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) assembled on SPR sensor surface. Deposition of alkanethiols and proteins were monitored by ellipsometry and SPR techniques, and was further confirmed by cyclic voltammetry with potassium ferricyanide serving as a reporter molecule. The surface‐bound proteins were completely removed by applying a reductive potential of −1200 mV vs. Pt electrode in a physiological saline buffer. Importantly, the sequence of protein immobilization followed by desorption could be repeated multiple times, thus demonstrating ability to modulate interfacial properties. Controlled removal of protein molecules from electrode surfaces is envisioned to have important applications in affinity or cell‐based biosensing, cellular micropatterning and cell sorting.
Photoelectro‐Synergistic Catalysis at Ti/TiO2/PbO2 Electrode and Its Application on Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand
Authors: Li Jiaqing , Zheng Lei , Li Luoping , Shi Guoyue , Xian Yuezhong , Jin Litong 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper, photoelectro‐synergistic catalysis oxidation of organics in water on Ti/TiO2/PbO2 electrode was investigated by the method of electrochemistry. Furthermore, the results were compared with those obtained from photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. The method proposed was applied to determine the chemical oxygen demand (COD) value, Ti/TiO2/PbO2 electrode functioning as the work electrode during the process. It was shown that the method of photoelectro‐synergistic catalysis had lower detection limit and wider linear range than the methods of electroassisted photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. The results obtained by the proposed method and conventional one were compared by carrying out the experiment on 8 wastewater samples. The correlation of the results using different methods was satisfactory and the relative bias was below ±6.0%.
Atypical mobilities of single native DNA molecules in microchip electrophoresis revealed by differential interference contrast microscopy
Authors: Kang Seong Ho , Lee Seungah , Yeung Edward S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA transmitted‐light optical microscope using differential interference contrast (DIC) was employed to follow the real‐time dynamics of different kb‐sized single native dsDNA molecules without fluorescent‐dye labeling. In a PDMS/glass microchip, the electrophoretic migration velocities of large dsDNA molecules are lower than small dsDNA molecules in a running buffer of 0.25% v/v nonionic polymeric surfactant C16E6 (n‐alkyl polyoxyethylene ether) in 100 mM N‐tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl‐2‐aminoethanesulfonic acid (TES) buffer because the C16E6 behaved as a dynamic polymer. However, the order of migration reversed in 50 mM Gly–Gly buffer. The radial positions of individual DNA molecules (i.e., center or walls of the microchip) did not change the migration order. The atypical migration order correlated well with the results in CE. The alignment of the deformable molecules due to viscous drag is likely responsible for these observations.
Development and validation of a robust capillary electrophoresis method for impurity profiling of etomidate including the determination of chiral purity using a dual cyclodextrin system
Authors: Hammitzsch Manuela , Rao Ramisetti N. , Scriba Gerhard K. E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn enantioselective CE assay for the simultaneous determination of the enantiomeric purity and of related substances of etomidate has been developed and validated using a binary chiral selector system employing 30 mg/mL β‐CD and 4.6 mg/mL sulfated‐β‐CD in a 150 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 2.1. The method was validated with respect to specificity, range, linearity, LOQ and LOD, precision and accuracy. The assay allowed the detection and determination of related substances including (S)‐etomidate at the 0.05% w/w level, the reporting threshold as defined by the International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines as well as the European Pharmacopoeia. Robustness testing was carried out by an “Augmented Plackett–Burman” design. Quantitation of the compounds was performed by calibration graphs with respect to lidocaine hydrochloride as internal standard and by peak area normalization, the procedure usually applied by pharmacopoeias. Although data obtained from the calibration graphs constructed with the aid of the internal standard were more accurate based on compound recovery, peak area normalization may also be used without significant loss of accuracy and precision.
Expression of interleukin‐1β, cyclooxygenase‐2, and prostaglandin E2 in a rotator cuff tear in rabbits
Authors: Koshima Hiroshi , Kondo Seiji , Mishima Shinji , Choi Ho‐Rim , Shimpo Hisashi , Sakai Tadahiro , Ishiguro Naoki 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe investigated the specific factors related to shoulder pain due to a rotator cuff tear using a model in rabbits. A rotator cuff tear was surgically created, and the expression of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) was analyzed. In the supernatant of the tissue culture of the torn tendon, IL‐1β production was detected. The amount of IL‐1β was highest 1 day after injury, and then decreased gradually to 21 days. PGE2, the mediator of pain and the product of COX‐2, was also detected in the supernatant of the tissue culture. The production of PGE2 significantly increased to 7 days after injury, and then decreased to 21 days. RT‐PCR analysis confirmed the mRNA expression of IL‐1β and COX‐2 in the torn tendon. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that cells in the tendon stump were immunopositive for IL‐1β and COX‐2. Furthermore, in the affected joint, articular chondrocytes in the remote area from the tear expressed COX‐2 strongly. When the rotator cuff is torn, IL‐1β is produced in the torn tendon, and stimulates the expression of COX‐2 in not only the torn tendon but also in articular chondrocytes. The COX‐2 then produces PGE2, which would mediate shoulder pain. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:92–97, 2007
Solution conformation of longifolene and its precursor by NMR and ab initio calculations
Authors: Subramaniam Gopal , Karimi Sasan , Phillips David 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe describe the conformation and stereospecific 1H and 13C chemical shift assignments of longifolene 1 and its penultimate precursor 2 through the combined use of ab initio calculations and experimental NMR techniques. The predicted stable conformation for both compounds was similar and adopts a twisted chair conformation at the seven‐membered ring where C4 lies on top of the exocyclic double bond. The calculated chemical shifts for the stable conformation agree well with the experimental values. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Klee–Minty random edge chain moves with linear speed
Authors: Balogh József , Pemantle Robin 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn infinite sequence of 0's and 1's evolves by flipping each 1 to a 0 exponentially at rate 1. When a 1 flips, all bits to its right also flip. Starting from any configuration with finitely many 1's to the left of the origin, we show that the leftmost 1 moves right with bounded speed. Upper and lower bounds are given on the speed. A consequence is that a lower bound for the run time of the random‐edge simplex algorithm on a Klee–Minty cube is improved so as to be quadratic, in agreement with the upper bound. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2007
Hamiltonicity of random graphs produced by 2‐processes
Authors: Telcs András , Wormald Nicholas , Zhou Sanming 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSuppose that a random graph begins with n isolated vertices and evolves by edges being added at random, conditional upon all vertex degrees being at most 2. The final graph is usually 2‐regular, but is not uniformly distributed. Some properties of this final graph are already known, but the asymptotic probability of being a Hamilton cycle was not known. We answer this question along with some related questions about cycles arising in the process. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2007
Integrating multiple calendars using τ ZAMAN
Authors: Urgun Bedirhan , Dyreson Curtis E. , Snodgrass Richard T. , Miller Jessica K. , Kline Nick , Soo Michael D. , Jensen Christian S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractProgrammers are increasingly interested in developing applications that can be used internationally. Part of the internationalization effort is the ability to engineer applications to use dates and times that conform to local calendars yet can inter‐operate with dates and times in other calendars, for instance between the Gregorian and Islamic calendars. $\tau$ ZAMAN is a system that provides a natural language‐ and calendar‐independent framework for integrating multiple calendars. $\tau$ ZAMAN performs ‘runtime‐binding’ of calendars and language support. A running $\tau$ ZAMAN system dynamically loads calendars and language support tables from XML‐formatted files. Loading a calendar integrates it with other, already loaded calendars, enabling users of $\tau$ ZAMAN to add, compare, and convert times between multiple calendars. $\tau$ ZAMAN also provides a flexible, calendar‐independent framework for parsing temporal literals. Literals can be input and output in XML or plain text, using user‐defined formats, and in different languages and character sets. Finally, $\tau$ ZAMAN is a client/server system, enabling shared access to calendar servers spread throughout the Web. This paper describes the architecture of $\tau$ ZAMAN and experimentally quantifies the cost of using a calendar server to translate and manipulate dates. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The basic SI model
Authors: Hurley Maureen , Jacobs Glen , Gilbert Melinda 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA general overview of the SI model is provided, including the SI philosophy, essential components of the program, program structures, key roles, outcomes, and evaluation. A review of what we have learned about the importance of planning SI sessions, providing ongoing training for leaders, conducting regular SI program assessments, and implementing effective and essential learning strategies is also provided.