bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Alzheimer dementia and QT interval: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Rabkin Simon W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile the link between aging and mortality from dementia is widely appreciated, the mechanism is not clear. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a direct relationship between Alzheimer dementia (AD) and the QT interval, because the latter has been related to cardiac mortality. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted after a Medline and EMBASE search using terms “Alzheimer disease or Dementia AND QT interval, QT dispersion or cardiac repolarization.” Four studies with control groups were identified. There were significant differences in QT interval between individuals with AD vs individuals without dementia (controls) (odds ratio (OR)1.665 [random effects model] and 1.879 [fixed effect model]) (p < 0.001). There were significant differences in QT interval between individuals with AD vs individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (OR 1.760 [random effects] and 1.810 [fixed effect]) (p < 0.001). A significant (p <0.001) correlation exists between the QTc and the Mini‐Mental State Exam (MMSE), a test of cognitive function. Two studies examined QT variability (the difference between the longest and shortest QT interval on a 12 lead ECG); the OR for QT variability AD vs MCI was 3.858 [random effects model] and 3.712 [fixed effects model] (p < 0.001). When compared to the control group, the OR for QT dispersion in AD was 6.358 [random effects model] or 5.143 ( P< 0.001) [fixed effects model]. A qualitative analysis of the data raised questions about paucity of data defining the nature of the control groups, the pathophysiologic mechanism, and the uniform use of a poor QT heart rate correction factor. The longer QT in AD, greater QT variability in AD, and the direct relationship between QT interval and AD severity supports a brain–heart connection in AD that might be fundamental to aging‐induced AD and mortality. Issues with defining the control group, limited number of studies, conflicting data in population studies, and the lack of a strong electrophysiological basis underscore the need for additional research in this field.
Truncating variants of the sterol recognition region of SHH cause hypertelorism phenotype rather than hypotelorism‐holoprosencephaly
Authors: Yamada Mamiko , Mizuno Seiji , Inaba Mie , Uehara Tomoko , Inagaki Hidehito , Suzuki Hisato , Miya Fuyuki , Takenouchi Toshiki , Kurahashi Hiroki , Kosaki Kenjiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSonic hedgehog signaling molecule (SHH) is a key molecule in the cilia‐mediated signaling pathway and a critical morphogen in embryogenesis. The association between loss‐of‐function variants of SHH and holoprosencephaly is well established. In mice experiments, reduced or increased signaling of SHH have been shown to be associated with narrowing or excessive expansion of the facial midline, respectively. Herein, we report two unrelated patients with de novo truncating variants of SHH presenting with hypertelorism rather than hypotelorism. The first patient was a 13‐year‐old girl. Her facial features included hypertelorism, strabismus, telecanthus, malocclusion, frontal bossing, and wide widow's peak. She had borderline developmental delay and agenesis of the corpus callosum. She had a nonsense variant of SHH: Chr7(GRCh38):g.155802987C > T, NM_000193.4:c.1302G > A, p.(Trp434*). The second patient was a 25‐year‐old girl. Her facial features included hypertelorism and wide widow's peak. She had developmental delay and agenesis of the corpus callosum. She had a frameshift variant of SHH: Chr7(GRCh38):g.155803072_155803074delCGGinsT, NM_000193.4:c.1215_1217delCCGinsA, p.(Asp405Glufs*92). The hypertelorism phenotype contrasts sharply with the prototypical hypotelorism‐holoprosencephaly phenotype associated with loss‐of‐function of SHH. We concluded that a subset of truncating variants of SHH could be associated with hypertelorism rather than hypotelorism.
Synthesis, Structures and Properties of Trioxa[9]circulene and Diepoxycyclononatrinaphthalene
Authors: Yang Daiyue , Cheung Ka Man , Gong Qi , Zhang Li , Qiao Lulin , Chen Xiao , Huang Zhifeng , Miao Qian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article presents trioxa[9]circulene (3) as a novel member of hetero[n]circulenes. Its synthesis began with the synthesis of dimethoxydioxa[8]helicene (5) and used dimethoxydiepoxycyclononatrinaphthalene (4) as a key intermediate, despite the condensation reaction predominantly yielding a 1,4‐addition byproduct. The structures and properties of 3–5 were extensively investigated using experimental and computational methods. Analysis of the crystal structures reveal elongation of the internal C−C bonds in the nine‐membered ring of 3 compared to 4 and 5. Computational studies demonstrate the remarkable flexibility of trioxa[9]circulene's saddle‐shaped polycyclic framework, while the other two compounds are rigid with large racemization barriers. Optically pure forms of 4 and 5 exhibit absorption and luminescence dissymmetry factors on the order of 10−2, with smaller values observed for compound 4. In the crystal structures, molecules of 3 stack to form columns with remarkable π–π overlap, and the π–π interactions of 4 exhibit short intermolecular C‐to‐C contacts. Consequently, the solution‐processed film of 4 functioned as a p‐type organic semiconductor in field effect transistors.
Ionic Covalent Organic Frameworks in Adsorption and Catalysis
Authors: Liu Minghao , Xu Qing , Zeng Gaofeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ion extraction and electro/photo catalysis are promising methods to address environmental and energy issues. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of promising template to construct absorbents and catalysts because of their stable frameworks, high surface areas, controllable pore environments, and well‐defined catalytic sites. Among them, ionic COFs as unique class of crystalline porous materials, with charges in the frameworks or along the pore walls, have shown different properties and resulting performance in these applications with those from charge‐neutral COFs. In this review, current research progress based on the ionic COFs for ion extraction and energy conversion, including cationic/anionic materials and electro/photo catalysis is reviewed in terms of the synthesis strategy, modification methods, mechanisms of adsorption and catalysis, as well as applications. Finally, we demonstrated the current challenges and future development of ionic COFs in design strategies and applications.
Diversified Synthesis of Chiral Fluorinated Cyclobutane Derivatives Enabled by Regio‐ and Enantioselective Hydroboration
Authors: Yuan Fushan , Qi Xingyu , Zhao Yuanyue , Jia Jie , Yan Xufei , Hu Fangdong , Xia Ying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe diversified synthesis of chiral fluorinated cyclobutane derivatives has remained a difficult task in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we present an approach for asymmetric hydroboration and formal hydrodefluorination of gem‐difluorinated cyclobutenes through rhodium catalysis, providing chiral gem‐difluorinated α‐boryl cyclobutanes and monofluorinated cyclobutenes with excellent regio‐ and enantioselectivity, respectively. The key to the success of the two transformations relies on an efficient, mild and highly selective rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydroboration with HBPin (pinacolborane), in which the subsequent addition of a base, and a catalytic amount of palladium in some cases, results in the formation of formal hydrodefluorination products with the four‐membered ring retained. The obtained chiral gem‐difluorinated α‐boryl cyclobutanes are versatile building blocks that provide a platform for the synthesis of enantioenriched fluorinated cyclobutane derivatives to a great diversity.
Anion–Cation Competition Chemistry for Comprehensive High‐Performance Prussian Blue Analogs Cathodes
Authors: Cui Mangwei , Zhu Yilong , Lei Hao , Liu Ao , Mo Funian , Ouyang Kefeng , Chen Sheng , Lin Xi , Chen Zuhuang , Li Kaikai , Jiao Yan , Zhi Chunyi , Huang Yan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe extensively studied Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) in various batteries are limited by their low discharge capacity, or subpar rate etc., which are solely reliant on the cation (de)intercalation mechanism. In contrast to the currently predominant focus on cations, we report the overlooked anion‐cation competition chemistry (Cl−, K+, Zn2+) stimulated by high‐voltage scanning. With our designed anion‐cation combinations, the KFeMnHCF cathode battery delivers comprehensively superior discharge performance, including voltage plateau >2.0 V (vs. Zn/Zn2+), capacity >150 mAh g−1, rate capability with capacity maintenance above 96 % from 0.6 to 5 A g−1, and cyclic stability exceeding 3000 cycles. We further verify that such comprehensive improvement of electrochemical performance utilizing anion‐cation competition chemistry is universal for different types of PBAs. Our work would pave a new and efficient road towards the next‐generation high‐performance PBAs cathode batteries.
LiDAR Applications in Archaeology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vinci Giacomo , Vanzani Federica , Fontana Alessandro , Campana Stefano 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTIn the last two decades, the analysis of data derived from LiDAR (light detection and ranging) technology has dramatically changed the investigation and documentation of past cultural landscapes, sometimes revealing monumental architectures and settlement systems totally unknown before. Despite the exponential uptick of case studies, an extensive review of LiDAR applications in archaeology is so far missing. Here, we present a systematic survey of works published in international journals in 2001–2022, with the aim of providing an annotated bibliography on the theme and collect quantitative information about each case study. Data collected allowed to analyse the geographic distribution of LiDAR‐based studies, the specifics of acquisitions, the topography and vegetation cover of each study area, the characteristics of the material culture detected, major goals and integrated techniques. The survey considers 291 studies, of which 167 located in Europe, 104 in the Americas and only 20 between Asia, Middle East, Oceania and Africa. Our analysis shows that the impact of LiDAR in archaeological studies was greater in some areas of Europe and North America, where scholars could rely on the availability of open data provided by the institutions. This is testified by the higher number of both case studies and large‐scale projects investigating these regions. It also emerges that LiDAR potential largely depends on the characteristics of the material culture, the vegetation cover and data resolution. These factors underlie the outstanding results achieved through LiDAR in tropical rainforests compared to those obtained in temperate areas, such as the Mediterranean, where the outcropping archaeological evidence, albeit vast and widespread, is generally less preserved and obscured by the dense vegetation of the Mediterranean maquis. We conclude that the increasing availability of LiDAR data over vast areas could lead to enormous advances in the investigation, monitoring and protection of the cultural heritage.
Motivation to learn in university science students studying anatomy: A mixed‐methods analysis of what drives learning
Authors: Willoughby Brooke R. , Flack Natasha A. M. S. , Bird Rebecca J. , Woodley Stephanie J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExploring student motivation to learn is a research area that has rapidly expanded over the past decade, especially as the COVID‐19 pandemic continues to influence education. In the field of anatomy, most research about motivation to learn targets medical and other health professional students, but little is known about factors that drive students enrolled in science degrees. The aims of this mixed‐methods study were to determine: (1) what motivates undergraduate university science students to learn anatomy, and whether motivation differs between cohorts (second‐ and third‐year) and gender; and (2) the impact of COVID‐19 on motivation to learn. Students (n = 171) completed a survey (the Science Motivation Questionnaire II [SMQII] and questions about learning experiences during the pandemic) and a subset (n = 12) participated in focus groups/interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using a combination of parametric and non‐parametric statistics, and a general inductive approach was applied to qualitative data. Grade, intrinsic, and career factors were consistently identified as the key components of motivation. No statistically significant differences were found for motivation components between level of study or gender. Students reported that the COVID‐19 pandemic negatively impacted motivational components, but it had also fast‐tracked the development of online learning, with both positive and negative connotations. Students value traditional in‐person lectures but support a blended approach of traditional and online teaching methods for learning anatomy. Educators should utilize these findings when considering how to teach and support science students in ways that embrace motivational components to foster success in those studying anatomy.
A Porphyrin‐Based 3D Metal‐Organic Framework Featuring [Cu8Cl6]10+ Cluster Secondary Building Units: Synthesis, Structure Elucidation, Anion Exchange, and Peroxidase‐Like Activity
Authors: Zeng Chun‐Mei , Luo Song‐Yu , Wang Xiao , Cao Feng‐Lin , Zhang Ze‐Sheng , Zhang Wen‐Hua , Dai Chun‐Lei , Young David J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHerein, we report a rare example of cationic three‐dimensional (3D) metal‐organic framework (MOF) of [Cu5Cl3(TMPP)]Cl5 ⋅ xSol (denoted as Cu−TMPP; H2TMPP=meso‐tetrakis (6‐methylpyridin‐3‐yl) porphyrin; xSol=encapsulated solvates) supported by [Cu8Cl6]10+ cluster secondary building units (SBUs) wherein the eight faces of the Cl−‐based octahedron are capped by eight Cu2+. Surface‐area analysis indicated that Cu−TMPP features a mesoporous structure and its solvate‐like Cl− counterions can be exchanged by BF4−, PF6−, and NO3−. The polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated Cu−TMPP (denoted as Cu−TMPP−PVP) demonstrated good ROS generating ability, producing ⋅OH in the absence of light (peroxidase‐like activity) and 1O2 on light irradiation (650 nm; 25 mW cm−2). This work highlights the potential of Cu−TMPP as a functional carrier of anionic guests such as drugs, for the combination therapy of cancer and other diseases.
Reliability analysis of δ‐shock models based on the Markovian arrival process
Authors: Goyal Dheeraj , Ali Ramjan , Hazra Nil Kamal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Markovian arrival process (MAP) is a versatile counting process with dependent and non‐identically distributed inter‐arrival times following the phase‐type distribution. In this article, we study the classical ‐shock model and a mixed ‐shock model by assuming the MAP of shocks. We derive explicit expressions for the reliability and the mean lifetime of the system. Further, we study an optimal replacement policy based on the MAP. We illustrate the developed results through several numerical examples.
A study on two‐dimensional warranty with a preventive maintenance policy under burn‐in or run‐in
Authors: Huang Yeu‐Shiang , Fang Chih‐Chiang , Kuo Chia‐Yu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProducts are often offered with warranties, which have become a common marketing strategy intended to indicate that product quality is guaranteed by the firm. Warranties can attract consumer purchases, but they also incur warranty costs, especially when firms falsely claim that their products are high quality; therefore, the determination of an appropriate warranty policy is of particular importance. This study considers a two‐dimensional warranty for complex repairable products, such as a vehicle, a lathe, or industrial machinery, with consideration of (1) burn‐in (run‐in), which is a supervised accelerating testing process performed before product launch to prevent defective products from being sold on the market, and (2) periodic preventive maintenance, which is performed during the usage period to prevent the occurrence of unexpected failures under normal usage conditions. The optimal burn‐in (run‐in) time and preventive maintenance intervals are determined with the aim of minimizing warranty costs for firms. The results of the study show that given a higher repair cost and a greater infant mortality failure rate, more frequent preventive maintenance is preferable, and the repair cost has the largest effect on the total warranty cost for the firm.
Thermodynamic Understanding of Formation and Evolution of Solid Electrolyte Interface in Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: He Yitao , Wang Jinkun , Wang Li , He Xiangming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFormation is an essential process in the manufacturing of lithium‐ion batteries and determines the performance of batteries, including life time, rate capability and so forth. The core of formation is to form a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which profoundly influences interfacial reactions and ion transport within Li‐ion batteries, on the surface of electrode. It is crucial to fully and deeply understand the intricate structure and evolution of SEI, which remains largely uncharted. This paper aims to systematically analyze SEI thermodynamics, encompassing energy distribution, entropy dynamics during SEI formation, and enthalpy changes. SEI evolves towards an equilibrium state, maximizing entropy. The intricate relationship between SEI thermodynamics and battery performance is established by dissecting the impacts of temperature and current density on SEI thermodynamic parameters and battery characteristics. Elevated temperatures and higher current densities foster the development of a more porous and high‐entropy outer SEI layer, rendering organic SEI constituents prone to decompose into high‐energy gases and low‐energy inorganic compounds. Notably, a fast formation strategy within a high state‐of‐charge range offers a potential solution to high quality SEI. This review strives to bridge the divide between fundamental thermodynamics and practical battery performance, ultimately contributing to the advancement of battery manufacturing.
Biomolecular phase separation through theoretical and computational microscope
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Koo Da‐Hyun , Eom Yu‐Gon , Choi Jeong‐Mo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiomolecular phase separation is a vital mechanism for orchestrating biomolecules within living cells. This crucial role has spurred an intense pursuit to comprehend the molecular underpinnings governing and regulating these processes. Computational methodologies offer a unique perspective, augmenting experimental techniques by providing detailed information that cannot be obtained otherwise. In this review, we briefly overview the theoretical and computational approaches to investigate biomolecular phase separation. As a short primer, we explain the factors driving and affecting phase separation of biomolecules, and then we delve into analytical and simulation methods used to study phase separation. We explain how analytical methods like the Flory–Huggins theory, random phase approximation, and graph‐based methods have been used to study phase behaviors of various proteins. We also discuss principles and applications of all‐atom simulations, coarse‐grained simulations, and field‐theoretical approaches. Additionally, we explore the recent advances in machine learning approach to predict phase separation of biomolecules.
Development of a green high‐performance liquid chromatography method for tofacitinib quantification in pharmaceutical formulations and degradation studies
Authors: Tiris Gizem , Genc Asena Ayse , Erk Nevin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA new high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was applied for the quantification of the active substance of tofacitinib. Analysis was performed on a Chromasil 100 C18 (100.0 × 4.0 mm, 3.5 μm) stationary phase. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:0.2% phosphoric acid in water (12:88, v/v). The prepared sample (20.0 μL) was injected into the system. A detection wavelength of 285.0 nm was chosen for the compound, and the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min. The experiment was completed in 5.0 min. The analysis temperature was set to 40.0°C. The method was evaluated using green chemistry. The method was validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines. For linearity studies calibration curves were constructed in the range of 10.0–200.0 μg/mL. The recovery values were calculated at 97.66% and 105.68%. The method developed for the analysis of the active substance had a short analysis time and was cost‐effective. It is an environmentally friendly method due to the mobile phase content used. The technique can be used in laboratory analysis and bioequivalence experiments.
What are the factors that most influence the formation of workers' labor values in order to achieve sustainable development in Latin America?
Authors: López‐Concepción Arelys , Gil‐Lacruz Ana I. , Saz‐Gil Isabel , Garcia‐Madurga Miguel‐Ángel , Sánchez‐Medalón Ignacio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research delves into the formation of labor values in Latin America, exploring the complex interaction between socio‐demographic characteristics (gender, age, and educational level), well‐being (happiness, health, and life satisfaction), and macroeconomic factors (wealth, equity, and labor market stability). With microdata drawn from the World Values Survey, the study employs Logit and Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition models to analyze data from Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru during 2005–2019. It uncovers the significant influence of worker happiness on labor values, especially among self‐employed individuals, and highlights happiness as a critical factor in varying labor values related to different well‐being dimensions. These insights reveal the intricate determinants of work values in the region, providing valuable implications for talent management and policy development aimed at fostering sustainable development through positive labor values.
Stock price reactions to climate science information from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: A mitigation function of corporate and sector emissions responsibility?
Authors: Teutrine Constanze , Schuster Mario , Bornhöft Sophie Constance , Lueg Rainer , Bouzzine Yassin Denis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the influence of climate science information released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on the European stock market, with a particular emphasis on differentiating the stock price reactions based on sector climate sensitivity and corporate emissions responsibility. Performing an event study on Stoxx Europe 600 constituents, we analyse stock price reactions to the sixth IPCC assessment report published between 2018 and 2023. Results show that climate‐sensitive sectors respond more intensely to climate news. We find greater volatility in stock prices for climate‐sensitive sectors than in corporate emissions‐graded portfolios. Cumulative average abnormal returns range from 26.442% for the alternative energy sector to −6.416% for the construction sector. For the corporate emissions responsibility portfolios, we generally observe negative stock price reactions disregarding firms' level of emissions responsibility. Firms with higher emissions responsibility outperform peers only during the synthesis report release. Our study enriches the literature on stock price reactions to climate science news, which is limited to the analysis of the first five IPCC reports and to sector analyses.