bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induced ferromagnetism in Ni(II) doped ZnO monolayers via Al co-doping and their optical characteristics: ab initio study
Authors: Khan Muhammad Sheraz , Zou Bingsuo , Bukhtiar Arfan , Huang WeiGuo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
For applications in magneto-electronic devices, diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) usually exhibit spin-dependent coupling and induced ferromagnetism at high Curie temperatures. The processes behind the behavior of optical emission and ferromagnetism, which can be identified by complicated microstructural and chemical characteristics, are still not well understood. In this study, the impact of Al co-doping on the electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of Ni(II) doped ZnO monolayers has been investigated using first principles calculations. Ferromagnetism in the co-doped monolayer is mainly triggered by the exchange coupling between the electrons provided by Al co-doping and Ni(II)-d states; therefore, the estimated Curie temperature is greater than room temperature. The spin–spin couplings in mono-doped and co-doped monolayers were explained using the band-coupling mechanism. Based on the optical study, we observed that the Ni-related absorption peak occurred at 2.13–2.17 eV, showing a redshift as Ni concentrations increased. The FM coupling between Ni ions in the co-doped monolayer may be responsible for the reduction in the fundamental band gap seen with Al co-doping. We observed peaks in the near IR and visible regions of the co-doped monolayer, which improve the optoelectronic device’s photovoltaic performance. Additionally, the correlation between optical characteristics and spin–spin couplings has been studied. We found that the Ni(II)’s d–d transition bands or fundamental band gap in the near configuration undergoes a significant shift in response to AFM and FM coupling, whereas in the far configuration, they have a negligible shift due to the paramagnetic behavior of the Ni ions. These findings suggest that the magnetic coupling in DMS may be utilized for controlling the optical characteristics.
Computing in-memory reconfigurable (accurate/approximate) adder design with negative capacitance FET 6T-SRAM for energy efficient AI edge devices
Authors: Venu Birudu , Kadiyam Tirumalarao , Penumalli Koteswararao , Yellampalli Sivasankar , Vaddi Ramesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Computing in-memory (CiM) is an alternative to von-Neumann architectures for energy efficient AI edge computing architectures with CMOS scaling. Approximate computing in-memory (ACiM) techniques have also been recently proposed to further increase the energy efficiency of such architectures. In the first part of the work, a negative capacitance FET (NCFET) based 6T-SRAM CiM accurate full adder has been proposed, designed and performance benchmarked with equivalent baseline 40 nm CMOS design. Due to the steep slope characteristics of NCFET, at an increased ferroelectric layer thickness, T
fe of 3 nm, the energy consumption of the proposed accurate NCFET based CiM design is ∼82.48% lower in comparison to the conventional/Non CiM full adder design and ∼85.27% lower energy consumption in comparison to the equivalent baseline CMOS CiM accurate full adder design at V
DD = 0.5 V. This work further proposes a reconfigurable computing in-memory NCFET 6T-SRAM full adder design (the design which can operate both in accurate and approximate modes of operation). NCFET 6T-SRAM reconfigurable full adder design in accurate mode has ∼4.19x lower energy consumption and ∼4.47x lower energy consumption in approximation mode when compared to the baseline 40 nm CMOS design at V
DD = 0.5 V, making NCFET based approximate CiM adder designs preferable for energy efficient AI edge CiM based computing architectures for DNN processing.
Investigation of Ethanol gas sensing properties of pristine and Al doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by Sol-gel method
Authors: Singh Bajinder , Barala Monika , Madan Rahul , Mohan Devendra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Pure and Aluminum-doped Zinc Oxide nanoparticles were prepared by using a simple Sol–gel method. Al contents were varied with 1 wt% and 3 wt% at a fixed concentration of pure ZnO. Synthesized samples were calcinated at 400 °C for 2 h. The results of x-ray diffraction (XRD) confirm that the synthesized nanoparticles have a Hexagonal Wurtzite structure. The average crystallite size of the nanoparticles shows variation from 16 nm to 21 nm. Grain size and surface morphology were investigated with the help of a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Functional groups present in the prepared samples were analyzed by using Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). The percentage response of the fabricated sensor, containing Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles, was examined with exposure to the toxic gas Ethanol. It was observed that percentage response changes due to various sensing parameters like response time and percentage response which, were calculated at 100 ppm and 200 ppm concentrations of toxic Ethanol gas. It was found that with an increase in Al concentration as well as Ethanol ppm level the percentage response of synthesized samples is increased. The maximum percentage response of 17.82 and 20.91 at 100 and 200 ppm with 3 wt% of Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles was observed respectively, which is greater than that of pure ZnO. Also, the same sample shows the lowest response time of 215 s and 120 s at 100 ppm and 200 ppm, respectively. Thus, aluminum doping enhanced the gas sensing response of pristine zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Fabrication of 3D porous polyurethane-graphene oxide scaffolds by a sequential two-step processing for non-load bearing bone defects
Authors: Bagheri Fatemeh , Saudi Ahmad , Bidram Elham , Asefnejad Azadeh , Sanati Alireza , Zarrabi Ali , Rafienia Mohammad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBone defects as a common orthopedic disease lead to severe pains over a long period. Scaffolds are novel approaches in tissue engineering to treat bone problems and deal with their challenges. Here, 3D porous polyurethane (PU) scaffolds containing graphene oxide (GO) with different percentages (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt%) were developed through a combination of freeze-drying and salt etching techniques for bone tissue engineering applications. The morphologies of scaffolds, physicochemical properties, the degree of crystallinity, and hydrophilicity were evaluated by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and water contact angle assay, respectively. The porosity, degradation behavior, compressive strength, and elastic modulus of 3D porous scaffolds were also determined. To assess the scaffold bioactivity, the morphology of the deposited calcium phosphate layer on the scaffold with macro-structure was evaluated by SEM images. The viability and adhesion of MG63 osteoblast-like cells cultured on the fabricated scaffolds were examined by MTT assay and SEM images, respectively. The results show that adding GO particles not only had no effect on the interconnectivity and porosity of 3D porous macroscopic structures of neat PU but also smaller and more uniformed microscopically pores were obtained. The crystallinity, water contact angle, and weight loss of scaffolds increased as the higher GO concentrations were employed. Followed by increasing GO contents from 0 to 0.5 wt%, the compressive strength and Young’s modulus were increased by 232% and 245%, respectively. The bioactivity of scaffolds was fostered as GO concentration increased. Although, the MTT assay proved the biocompatibility of PU scaffolds containing 0.1 and 0.3 wt% GO, the samples loaded with 0.5 GO had a negative impact on the viability of MG63 cell lines. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates a high potential of PU scaffolds loaded with 0.1 and 0.3 wt% GO particles in bone tissue engineering applications.
Strain gradient theory-based vibration analyses for functionally graded microbeams reinforced by GPL
Authors: Zhang Jinghua , Yao Yuqin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
On the basis of modified strain gradient theory (MSGT), the free vibration of graphene nanoplatelets (GPL) reinforced functionally graded (FG) microbeam on elastic foundation is studied. Firstly, material properties of the composites are calculated by Halpin-Tsai model and linear mixed model. Then, the MSGT and Reddy beam theory are adopted to establish the fundamental equations of the microbeam on the elastic foundation. And the governing differential equations related to the size effect are derived by the Hamiltonian principle and solved by the Navier method. Finally, the influences of the graded distribution, mass fraction, geometric shape of GPL and size effect on the vibration behaviors are discussed in detail. Results show that these parameters have significant influence on the natural frequencies. The methods to improve the natural frequencies of the microbeams are proposed considering the influence of internal microstructure on the overall characteristics. The research results are of great significance to design this kind of micro-nano structures.
Considering individual game behavior and time delay in the multi-channel rumor propagation model
Authors: Dong Yafang , Huo Liang’an , Xie Xiaoxiao , Li Ming 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The rapid development of the Internet has accelerated the spread of rumors, posing challenges to social cohesion and stability. To address this, a multi-channel rumor propagation model incorporating individual game behavior and time delay is proposed. It depicts individuals strategically choosing propagation channels in the rumor spread process, capturing real-world intricacies more faithfully. Specifically, the model allowing spreaders to choose between text and video information base channels. Strategy adoption hinges on benefits versus costs, with payoffs dictating strategy and the propagation process determining an individual’s state. By theoretical analysis of the model, the propagation threshold and equilibrium points are obtained. Then the stability of the model is further demonstrated based on Routh–Hurwitz judgment and Descartes’ Rule of Signs. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the correctness of the theoretical results and the sensitivity of the model to key parameters. The outcomes reveal that increasing the propagation cost of spreaders can significantly curb the spread of rumors. In contrast to the classical

I
S
R

model, rumors spread faster and more widely in the improved multi-channel rumor propagation model in this paper, which is a feature more aligned with real-world scenarios. Finally, the validity and predictive ability of the model are verified by using real rumor propagation data sets, indicating that the improved multi-channel rumor propagation model has good practical application and predictive value.
Entangling two levitated charged nanospheres through Coulomb interaction
Authors: Li 李 Guoyao 国耀 , Yin 尹 Zhangqi 璋琦 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Limited by the thermal environment, the entanglement of a massive object is extremely difficult to generate. Based on a coherent scattering mechanism, we propose a scheme to generate the entanglement of two optically levitated nanospheres through the Coulomb interaction. Two nanospheres are charged and coupled to each other through the Coulomb interaction. In this manner, the entanglement of two nanospheres is induced either under a weak/strong optomechanical coupling regime or under an ultra-strong optomechanical coupling regime. The charges, radius and distance of the two nanospheres are taken into consideration to enhance the Coulomb interaction, thereby achieving a higher degree of entanglement in the absence of ground-state cooling. The corresponding maximum entanglement can be attained as the dynamics of the system approaches the boundary between the steady and the unsteady regimes. This provides a useful resource for both quantum-enhanced sensing and quantum information processing, as well as a new platform for studying many-body physics.
Reduced model for H-mode sustainment in unfavorable

∇
B

drift configuration in ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Grover O. , Eich T. , Manz P. , Zholobenko W. , Happel T. , Body T. , Plank U. , Ulbl P. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A recently developed reduced model of H-mode sustainment based on interchange-drift-Alfvén turbulence description in the vicinity of the separatrix matching experimental observations in ASDEX Upgrade has been extended to experiments with the unfavorable

∇
B

drift. The combination with the theory of the magnetic-shear-induced Reynolds stress offers a possibility to quantitatively explain the phenomena. The extension of the Reynolds stress estimate in the reduced model via the magnetic shear contribution is able to reproduce the strong asymmetry in the access conditions depending on the ion

∇
B

drift orientation in agreement with experimental observations. The Reynolds stress profile asymmetry predicted by the magnetic shear model is further extended by comparison with GRILLIX and GENE-X simulations matched with comparable experiments in realistic X-point geometry. The predictions of the radial electric field well depth and its difference between the favorable and unfavorable configurations at the same heating power from the extended model also show consistency with experimental measurements.
Structure of pellet cloud emission and relation with the local ablation rate
Authors: Pégourié B. , Geulin E. , Goto M. , Matsuyama A. , Motojima G. , Sakamoto R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The experimental reproduction of the conditions of pellet injection expected in future large devices being not possible in present day machines, it is mandatory to validate as thoroughly as possible the available ablation models. Among the different points still under discussion, there is the relation between the spectroscopic measurement of the ablation clouds and the local ablation rate. This relation is investigated by coupling an emission model to the time-dependent simulation of ablation clouds with the HPI2 pellet ablation/deposition code. The simulated quantities are the time-evolution of the cloud visible spectrum (λ = 400–700 nm) and images in different wavelength domains (e.g.

H

α

,

H

β

or the continuum centered at

λ
=
576

nm

). It is found that the cloud emission is anisotropic, this is particularly the case for H

α
and H

β
lines, and that the relation between the cloud emission and the ablation rate depends not only on the conditions of pellet injection, but also on the direction of observation. It follows that, in general, it is not possible to estimate the ablation profile from that of an emission line

(

H

α

or

H

β

)

. The code predictions are compared with corresponding measurements for a welldocumented pellet injected in LHD, showing a good agreement for global values and main trends. The reasons for observed discrepancies are discussed.
Influence of the synthesis pathway upon the thermoluminescent response of gadolinium aluminate matrix phosphors
Authors: Alonso Sotolongo A , Montalvo T R , Zárate Medina J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The phosphors endowed with a glow curve have a peak much more intense than the others, sensitization to low doses, and a linear relationship between the thermoluminescent response and the dose, which are in demand in the dosimetry market. The gadolinium aluminate has been successfully used as a host lattice of phosphors with luminescent properties. Principally, the luminescent response of the said matrix has been improved by doping with rare earth ions. The thermoluminescent signal depends on the synthesis route because the defect density of a crystal is closely connected to the production pathway that the material went through. Therefore, a crucial step in sensitizing a phosphor is selecting a synthesis route that enhances the efficiency of its thermoluminescent mechanisms. The research herein focused on synthesizing phosphors composed of gadolinium aluminate with no dopant and doped with two molar percent of dysprosium, using two different routes. Among the two synthesis pathways, it was determined to be the most suitable for enhancing the thermoluminescent response of the aforementioned phosphors. The methods employed were reverse coprecipitation and the modified citrate precursor. The phosphors obtained by the reverse coprecipitation method showed the most sensitive thermoluminescent signal. Mainly, the phosphor activated with the dysprosium ion produced the most intense signal, suggesting an improvement in the thermoluminescent mechanisms due to the dopant insertion.
Influence of surface defects on the vortex penetration and arrangement at mesoscopic superconducting samples
Authors: Benites T N S , Presotto A , Barba-Ortega J , Sardella E , Zadorosny R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
All superconductor applications lie on carry dissipationless current; however, in the presence of external magnetic fields, including the self-field, vortices penetrate the sample, and their dissipative motion generates resistive states. Thus, once the superconducting state survives for higher magnetic fields due to the presence of vortices, those specimens cannot move to increase the material’s critical current density; thus, in this work, we studied the influence of surface defects on the vortex penetration at square mesoscopic superconducting materials using the time-dependent Guinzburg-Landau framework. The lateral size of the samples was 12 times the coherence length at zero Kelvin, with defects distributed in two opposite borders. The main result showed that the currents crowd around the surface defects are responsible for vortex penetration at 60% of critical temperature.
Aerodynamic response of a red-tailed hawk to discrete transverse gusts
Authors: Bamford Colin , Swiney Paul , Nix Jack , Hedrick Tyson L , Raghav Vrishank 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A limiting factor in the design of smaller size uncrewed aerial vehicles is their inability to navigate through gust-laden environments. As a result, engineers have turned towards bio-inspired engineering approaches for gust mitigation techniques. In this study, the aerodynamics of a red-tailed hawk’s response to variable-magnitude discrete transverse gusts was investigated. The hawk was flown in an indoor flight arena instrumented by multiple high-speed cameras to quantify the 3D motion of the bird as it navigated through the gust. The hawk maintained its flapping motion across the gust in all runs; however, it encountered the gust at different points in the flapping pattern depending on the run and gust magnitude. The hawk responded with a downwards pitching motion of the wing, decreasing the wing pitch angle to between −20∘ and −5∘, and remained in this configuration until gust exit. The wing pitch data was then applied to a lower-order aerodynamic model that estimated lift coefficients across the wing. In gusts slower than the forward flight velocity (low gust ratio), the lift coefficient increases at a low-rate, to a maximum of around 2–2.5. In gusts faster than the forward flight velocity (high gust ratio), the lift coefficient initially increased rapidly, before increasing at a low-rate to a value around 4–5. In both regimes, the hawk’s observed height change due to gust interaction was similar (and small), despite larger estimated lift coefficients over the high gust regime. This suggests another mitigation factor apart from the wing response is present. One potential factor is the tail pitching response observed here, which prior work has shown serves to mitigate pitch disturbances from gusts.
Minimum and maximum quantum uncertainty states for qubit systems
Authors: Li Huihui , Luo Shunlong , Zhang Yue 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We introduce the notion of (renormalized) quantum uncertainty and reveal its basic features. In terms of this quantity, we completely characterize the minimum and maximum quantum uncertainty states for qubit systems involving Pauli matrices. It turns out that the minimum quantum uncertainty states consist of both certain pure states and certain mixed states, in sharp contrast to the case of conventional Heisenberg uncertainty relation. The maximum quantum uncertainty states are H-type magic states arising from the stabilizer formalism of quantum computation, and can be obtained from minimum quantum uncertainty states via the T-gate.
Effects of temperature-induced variation of the second phase on the microstructure, texture and properties of Mg-RE-Zn alloys
Authors: Lu Dongliang , Wu Guoqin , Yu Jianmin , Liu Yunfang , Zhang Zhimin , Huang Huagui , Li Linlin , Feng Yan , Xu Hengqiu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the Mg-9.32Gd-3.72Y-1.68Zn-0.72Zr (wt%) alloy has undergone three times of repetitive upsetting extrusion deformation. Alloys with different morphologies and distribution patterns of the second phase have been prepared by varying the deformation temperature in each pass. The effects of the second phase on microstructure, texture and mechanical properties are investigated. The results show that (i) the second phase, including Mg5Gd and LPSO phase, has an important effect on the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of the alloy. (ii) Appropriate lamella distance and block phase size can promote the activation of the slip system and effectively weaken the texture strength. (iii) The DT sample has an effective combination of fine grain strengthening and second phase strengthening due to the reasonable second phase distribution and size, which greatly improves the UTS and YS of the alloy.
Making Makers
Authors: Finch Michael P M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Making Makers presents a comprehensive history of a seminal work of scholarship which has exerted a persistent attraction for scholars of war and strategy: Makers of Modern Strategy. It reveals the processes by which scholars conceived and devised the book, considering both successful and failed attempts to make and remake the work across the twentieth century, and illuminating its impact and legacy. It explains how and why these influential volumes took their particular forms, unearths the broader intellectual processes that shaped them, and reflects on the academic parameters of the study of war in the twentieth century. In presenting a complete genesis of the Makers project in the context of intellectual trends and historical contingency, this book develops a complex and nuanced appraisal of the development of scholarship on war. In so doing it also offers contributions to the intellectual biographies of key twentieth-century figures in the history of war, such as Edward Mead Earle, Peter Paret, Gordon Craig, and Theodore Ropp. Making Makers contributes to an intellectual history of military history and contextualizes the place of history and historians in strategic and security studies. It is not only a history of the book, but a history of the networks of scholars involved in its creation, their careers, and lines of patronage, crossing international boundaries, from Europe to the USA, to Asia and Australia. It is an investigation of ideas, of individuals and groups, of work completed and visions unrealized, of context and contingency.
War Now Thrusts Itself upon Us All
Authors: Finch Michael P M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyses academic engagement with war and strategy during the early twentieth century to provide deeper context for the success of the first Makers of Modern Strategy. When Edward Mead Earle wrote that ‘war now thrusts itself upon the attention of us all’ he was reflecting on the Second World War, but his words also spoke to the growth of civilian engagement with the problems and challenges of war in the years leading up to that point. This chapter examines that process, particularly through the lens of key individuals, such as Hans Delbrück, Spenser Wilkinson, John Knox Laughton, Frederick Maurice, Quincy Wright, and Nicholas Spykman, as well as the institutional contexts in which they operated. In so doing it helps to contextualize the appearance of Makers as a historical project. The chapter also underlines the significance of the broader international context.