bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High rate of failure of impaction grafting in large acetabular defects
Authors: van Haaren E. H. , Heyligers I. C. , Alexander F. G. M. , Wuisman P. I. J. M. 
Published: March 2007

We reviewed the results of 71 revisions of the acetabular component in total hip replacement, using impaction of bone allograft. The mean follow-up was 7.2 years (1.6 to 9.7). All patients were assessed according to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) classification of bone loss, the amount of bone graft required, thickness of the graft layer, signs of graft incorporation and use of augmentation. A total of 20 acetabular components required re-revision for aseptic loosening, giving an overall survival of 72% (95% CI, 54.4 to 80.5). Of these failures, 14 (70%) had an AAOS type III or IV bone defect. In the failed group, poor radiological and histological graft incorporation was seen. These results suggest that impaction allografting in acetabular revision with severe bone defects may have poorer results than have previously been reported.
Monteggia fractures in adults
Authors: Konrad G. G. , Kundel K. , Kreuz P. C. , Oberst M. , Sudkamp N. P. 
Published: March 2007

The objective of this retrospective study was to correlate the Bado and Jupiter classifications with long-term results after operative treatment of Monteggia fractures in adults and to determine prognostic factors for functional outcome. Of 63 adult patients who sustained a Monteggia fracture in a ten-year period, 47 were available for follow-up after a mean time of 8.4 years (5 to 14). According to the Broberg and Morrey elbow scale, 22 patients (47%) had excellent, 12 (26%) good, nine (19%) fair and four (8%) poor results at the last follow-up. A total of 12 patients (26%) needed a second operation within 12 months of the initial operation. The mean Broberg and Morrey score was 87.2 (45 to 100) and the mean DASH score was 17.4 (0 to 70). There was a significant correlation between the two scores (p = 0.01). The following factors were found to be correlated with a poor clinical outcome: Bado type II fracture, Jupiter type IIa fracture, fracture of the radial head, coronoid fracture, and complications requiring further surgery. Bado type II Monteggia fractures, and within this group, Jupiter type IIa fractures, are frequently associated with fractures of the radial head and the coronoid process, and should be considered as negative prognostic factors for functional long-term outcome. Patients with these types of fracture should be informed about the potential risk of functional deficits and the possible need for further surgery.
High-energy extracorporeal shock-wave therapy for calcifying tendinitis of the rotator cuff
Authors: Albert J.-D. , Meadeb J. , Guggenbuhl P. , Marin F. , Benkalfate T. , Thomazeau H. , Chalès G. 
Published: March 2007

In a prospective randomised trial of calcifying tendinitis of the rotator cuff, we compared the efficacy of dual treatment sessions delivering 2500 extracorporeal shock waves at either high- or low-energy, via an electromagnetic generator under fluoroscopic guidance. Patients were eligible for the study if they had more than a three-month history of calcifying tendinitis of the rotator cuff, with calcification measuring 10 mm or more in maximum dimension. The primary outcome measure was the change in the Constant and Murley Score. A total of 80 patients were enrolled (40 in each group), and were re-evaluated at a mean of 110 (41 to 255) days after treatment when the increase in Constant and Murley score was significantly greater (t-test, p = 0.026) in the high-energy treatment group than in the low-energy group. The improvement from the baseline level was significant in the high-energy group, with a mean gain of 12.5 (−20.7 to 47.5) points (p < 0.0001). The improvement was not significant in the low-energy group. Total or subtotal resorption of the calcification occurred in six patients (15%) in the high-energy group and in two patients (5%) in the low-energy group. High-energy shock-wave therapy significantly improves symptoms in refractory calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder after three months of follow-up, but the calcific deposit remains unchanged in size in the majority of patients.
Interbody fusion with allograft and rhBMP-2 leads to consistent fusion but early subsidence
Authors: Vaidya R , Weir R. , Sethi A. , Meisterling S. , Hakeos W. , Wybo C. D. 
Published: March 2007

We carried out a prospective study to determine whether the addition of a recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) to a machined allograft spacer would improve the rate of intervertebral body fusion in the spine. We studied 77 patients who were to undergo an interbody fusion with allograft and instrumentation. The first 36 patients received allograft with adjuvant rhBMP-2 (allograft/rhBMP-2 group), and the next 41, allograft and demineralised bone matrix (allograft/demineralised bone matrix group). Each patient was assessed clinically and radiologically both pre-operatively and at each follow-up visit using standard methods. Follow-up continued for two years. Every patient in the allograft/rhBMP-2 group had fused by six months. However, early graft lucency and significant (> 10%) subsidence were seen radiologically in 27 of 55 levels in this group. The mean graft height subsidence was 27% (13% to 42%) for anterior lumbar interbody fusion, 24% (13% to 40%) for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, and 53% (40% to 58%) for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Those who had undergone fusion using allograft and demineralised bone matrix lost only a mean of 4.6% (0% to 15%) of their graft height. Although a high rate of fusion (100%) was achieved with rhBMP-2, significant subsidence occurred in more than half of the levels (23 of 37) in the lumbar spine and 33% (6 of 18) in the cervical spine. A 98% fusion rate (62 of 63 levels) was achieved without rhBMP-2 and without the associated graft subsidence. Consequently, we no longer use rhBMP-2 with allograft in our practice if the allograft has to provide significant structural support.
The effect of the design of the femoral component on the conformity of the patellofemoral joint in total knee replacement
Authors: Ma H.-M. , Lu Y.-C. , Kwok T.-G. , Ho F.-Y. , Huang C.-Y. , Huang C.-H. 
Published: March 2007

One of the most controversial issues in total knee replacement is whether or not to resurface the patella. In order to determine the effects of different designs of femoral component on the conformity of the patellofemoral joint, five different knee prostheses were investigated. These were Low Contact Stress, the Miller-Galante II, the NexGen, the Porous-Coated Anatomic, and the Total Condylar prostheses. Three-dimensional models of the prostheses and a native patella were developed and assessed by computer. The conformity of the curvature of the five different prosthetic femoral components to their corresponding patellar implants and to the native patella at different angles of flexion was assessed by measuring the angles of intersection of tangential lines. The Total Condylar prosthesis had the lowest conformity with the native patella (mean 8.58°; 0.14° to 29.9°) and with its own patellar component (mean 11.36°; 0.55° to 39.19°). In the other four prostheses, the conformity was better (mean 2.25°; 0.02° to 10.52°) when articulated with the corresponding patellar component. The Porous-Coated Anatomic femoral component showed better conformity (mean 6.51°; 0.07° to 9.89°) than the Miller-Galante II prosthesis (mean 11.20°; 5.80° to 16.72°) when tested with the native patella. Although the Nexgen prosthesis had less conformity with the native patella at a low angle of flexion, this improved at mid (mean 3.57°; 1.40° to 4.56°) or high angles of flexion (mean 4.54°; 0.91° to 9.39°), respectively. The Low Contact Stress femoral component had the best conformity with the native patella (mean 2.39°; 0.04° to 4.56°). There was no significant difference (p > 0.208) between the conformity when tested with the native patella or its own patellar component at any angle of flexion. The geometry of the anterior flange of a femoral component affects the conformity of the patellofemoral joint when articulating with the native patella. A more anatomical design of femoral component is preferable if the surgeon decides not to resurface the patella at the time of operation.
Correction of neglected idiopathic club foot by the Ponseti method
Authors: Lourenço A. F. , Morcuende J. A. 
Published: March 2007

The Ponseti method of treating club foot has been shown to be effective in children up to two years of age. However, it is not known whether it is successful in older children. We retrospectively reviewed 17 children (24 feet) with congenital idiopathic club foot who presented after walking age and had undergone no previous treatment. All were treated by the method described by Ponseti, with minor modifications. The mean age at presentation was 3.9 years (1.2 to 9.0) and the mean follow-up was for 3.1 years (2.1 to 5.6). The mean time of immobilisation in a cast was 3.9 months (1.5 to 6.0). A painless plantigrade foot was obtained in 16 feet without the need for extensive soft-tissue release and/or bony procedures. Four patients (7 feet) had recurrent equinus which required a second tenotomy. Failure was observed in five patients (8 feet) who required a posterior release for full correction of the equinus deformity. We conclude that the Ponseti method is a safe, effective and low-cost treatment for neglected idiopathic club foot presenting after walking age.
GSB III total elbow replacement in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Cesar M. , Roussanne Y. , Bonnel F. , Canovas F. 
Published: March 2007

Between 1993 and 2002, 58 GSB III total elbow replacements were implanted in 45 patients with rheumatoid arthritis by the same surgeon. At the most recent follow-up, five patients had died (five elbows) and six (nine elbows) had been lost to follow-up, leaving 44 total elbow replacements in 34 patients available for clinical and radiological review at a mean follow-up of 74 months (25 to 143). There were 26 women and eight men with a mean age at operation of 55.7 years (24 to 77). At the latest follow-up, 31 excellent (70%), six good (14%), three fair (7%) and four poor (9%) results were noted according to the Mayo elbow performance score. Five humeral (11%) and one ulnar (2%) component were loose according to radiological criteria (type III or type IV). Of the 44 prostheses, two (5%) had been revised, one for type-IV humeral loosening after follow-up for ten years and one for fracture of the ulnar component. Seven elbows had post-operative dysfunction of the ulnar nerve, which was transient in five and permanent in two. Despite an increased incidence of loosening with time, the GSB III prosthesis has given favourable mid-term results in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Transplacental transfer of cobalt and chromium in patients with metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty
Authors: Ziaee H. , Daniel J. , Datta A. K. , Blunt S. , McMinn D. J. W. 
Published: March 2007

Metal-on-metal bearings are being increasingly used in young patients. The potential adverse effects of systemic metal ion elevation are the subject of ongoing investigation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cobalt and chromium ions cross the placenta of pregnant women with a metal-on-metal hip resurfacing and reach the developing fetus. Whole blood levels were estimated using high-resolution inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Our findings showed that cobalt and chromium are able to cross the placenta in the study patients with metal-on-metal hip resurfacings and in control subjects without any metal implants. In the study group the mean concentrations of cobalt and chromium in the maternal blood were 1.39 μg/l (0.55 to 2.55) and 1.28 μg/l (0.52 to 2.39), respectively. The mean umbilical cord blood concentrations of cobalt and chromium were comparatively lower, at 0.839 μg/l (0.42 to 1.75) and 0.378 μg/l (0.14 to 1.03), respectively, and this difference was significant with respect to chromium (p < 0.05). In the control group, the mean concentrations of cobalt and chromium in the maternal blood were 0.341 μg/l (0.18 to 0.54) and 0.199 μg/l (0.12 to 0.33), and in the umbilical cord blood they were 0.336 μg/l (0.17 to 0.5) and 0.194 μg/l (0.11 to 0.56), respectively. The differences between the maternal and umbilical cord blood levels in the controls were marginal, and not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The mean cord blood level of cobalt in the study patients was significantly greater than that in the control group (p < 0.01). Although the mean umbilical cord blood chromium level was nearly twice as high in the study patients (0.378 μg/l) as in the controls (0.1934 μg/l), this difference was not statistically significant. (p > 0.05) The transplacental transfer rate was in excess of 95% in the controls for both metals, but only 29% for chromium and 60% for cobalt in study patients, suggesting that the placenta exerts a modulatory effect on the rate of metal ion transfer.
Giant-cell tumour of the knee
Authors: von Steyern F. Vult , Kristiansson I. , Jonsson K. , Mannfolk P. , Heineg̊rd D. , Rydholm A. 
Published: March 2007

We reviewed nine patients at a mean period of 11 years (6 to 16) after curettage and cementing of a giant-cell tumour around the knee to determine if there were any long-term adverse effects on the cartilage. Plain radiography, MRI, delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the cartilage and measurement of the serum level of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein were carried out. The functional outcome was evaluated using the Lysholm knee score. Each patient was physically active and had returned to their previous occupation. Most participated in recreational sports or exercise. The mean Lysholm knee score was 92 (83 to 100). Only one patient was found to have cartilage damage adjacent to the cement. This patient had a history of intra-articular fracture and local recurrence, leading to degenerative changes. Interpretation of the data obtained from delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the cartilage was difficult, with variation in the T1 values which did not correlate with the clinical or radiological findings. We did not find it helpful in the early diagnosis of degeneration of cartilage. We also found no obvious correlation between the serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein level and the radiological and MR findings, function, time after surgery and the age of the patient. In summary, we found no evidence that the long-term presence of cement close to the knee joint was associated with the development of degenerative osteoarthritis.
Heritability of blood pressure increases during mental stress
Authors: Boomsma DI , Snieder H , de Geus EJC , van Doornen LJP 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied the influence of mental stress on the contributions of genes and environment to individual variation in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure by structural equation modelling in 320 adolescent male and female twins. Blood pressure data were collected during rest and during a reaction time and a mental arithmetic task. Univariate analyses of SBP and DBP showed familial aggregation for blood pressure. A genetic explanation for this resemblance was most likely, although during rest conditions a model that attributed familial resemblance to shared environmental factors, also fitted the data. There was no evidence for sex differences in heritabilities. Multivariate analyses showed significant heterogeneity between sexes for the intercorrelations of the blood pressure data measured under different rest and task conditions. Multivariate genetic analyses were therefore carried out separately in males and females. For SBP and DBP in females and for SBP in males an increase in heritabilities was seen for blood pressure measured during stress, as compared to rest measurements. The influence of shared environ-mental factors decreased during stress. For DBP in males no significant contributions of shared environment were found. The multivariate analyses indicated that the same genetic and environmental influences are expressed during rest and stress conditions.
Quantitative genetic analysis of Internalising and Externalising Problems in a large sample of 3-year-old twins
Authors: van der Valk JC , Verhulst FC , Stroet TM , Boomsma DI 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor a quantitative genetic study of pre-school problem behaviours, we have collected data with the Child Behavior Checklist for 2 and 3-year-old children (CBCL 2/3). Questionnaires were completed by mothers of 3620 twin pairs: 633 monozygotic males, 581 dizygotic males, 695 monozygotic females, 519 dizygotic females and 1192 dizygotic opposite sex twin pairs. The genetic and environmental influences on the Externalising and Internalising Problem scales were estimated, simultaneously with sex differences and sibling interaction effects. Genetic factors explained most of the observed variance for both Externalising and Internalising Problems. Cooperative sibling interactions were found for Externalising Problems, indicating that twins reinforce each other's behaviour. Sex differences in genetic architecture were found for Externalising Problems. Genetic factors explained 75% of the variance in girls and 50% in boys. Shared environmental influences were only of importance in boys. For both problem scales, non-shared environmental factors accounted for 25 to 32% of the variance. The observed variances of Internalising Problems could be adequately explained by genetic and nonshared environmental factors, with genetic factors accounting for 68% of the variance.
Models for the longitudinal genetic analysis of same-age twins: application to HDL cholesterol
Authors: Nance WE , Bodurtha J , Eaves LJ , Hewitt J , Maes H , Segrest J , Meyer J , Neale M , Schieken R 
Published: March 2007

AbstractModels are presented for the analysis of longitudinal data from same-age twins which permit the exploration of a remarkably diverse array of alternative explanations for continuity and change during development. Data of this type permit the detection of new sources of genetic or environmental covariation during development that are not expressed at earlier ages and, because they include the effects of age-specific genes, the resulting heritability estimates are more reliable than those obtained from relatives who differ in age. The proposed models were applied to measurements of HDL cholesterol obtained on 81 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins and 69 dizygotic (DZ) pairs at 11, 12.5 and 14 years of age. All three MZ co-twin correlations were substantially higher than the self correlations across occasions, suggesting that new sources of genetic or environmental covariation must be expressed during early adolescence. This interpretation was confirmed by analysis of the full covariance matrices which showed that only models which assumed the expression of new or age-specific genes could explain the observed pattern of covariation. Because they include the effects of age-specific genes, the resulting heritabilities (0.80–0.83) were substantially higher than many previous estimates.
A factor analysis of associations among self-reported immune related symptoms in a large twin sample
Authors: Duffy David L , Battistutta Diana , Mathews John D , Martin Nicholas G 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe examined the cumulative prevalences of 22 symptoms thought to reflect immune system function reported in a questionnaire mailed to 7616 Australian twins. The associations between symptoms and demographic variables were expressed in terms of polychoric or polyserial correlations, and a principal components analysis performed. Factors representing underlying propensities respectively to allergic disease, various minor infections, diseases associated with aging such as arthritis, skin disease, and respiratory tract infection were extracted. Possible processes underlying these symptom clusters and the relative strengths and weaknesses of this type of analysis are discussed.
Interaction of marital status and genetic risk for symptoms of depression
Authors: Heath Andrew C , Eaves Lindon J , Martin Nicholas G 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDepression scores (DSSI) were available for 1232 MZ and 751 DZ female twin pairs who completed a mailed questionnaire. Pairs were divided into those concordant for being in a marriage-like state, concordant for having no partners, and those discordant. The pattern of twin correlations differed according to marital status. Our results suggest that having a marriage-like relationship acts as a protective factor in reducing the impact of inherited liability to symptoms of depression in the general population.
Etiology of individual differences in birth weight of twins as a function of maternal smoking during pregnancy
Authors: van Baal Caroline GM , Boomsma Dorret I 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBirth weight is in large extent influenced by gestational age. In addition genetic and environmental factors determine intrauterine growth and birth weight. The contributions of these factors may be influenced by maternal smoking during pregnancy. We examined birth weight and maternal smoking in a sample of 2930 twin pairs from the Netherlands Twin Register using structural equation modelling. Gestational age accounted for 27–44% of the variance in birth weight. A lower variability of birth weight and a lower association of birth weight with gestational age was found in twins whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. The variance not associated with gestational age was independent of maternal smoking during pregnancy. A systematic smaller part of the variability in birth weight was associated with variability in gestational age in second born twins compared to first born twins. The heritability of interindividual differences in birth weight was modest (10% for twins with non-smoking mothers and 11% for twins with smoking mothers). Common environmental influences other than gestational age accounted for a slightly larger part of the variance not associated with gestational age (17–20%).
Sex differences and non-additivity in the effects of genes on personality
Authors: Eaves Lindon J , Heath Andrew C , Neale Michael C , Hewitt John K , Martin Nicholas G 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNew large-sample data show that non-additive genetic effects, probably epistatic interactions between loci, and sex-limited gene expression are significant features of the genetic architecture of human personality as measured by questionnaire scales of extraversion and neuroticism. Three large data sets – new data on large samples (n = 20 554) of US twins, their spouses, parents, siblings and children, correlations for Australian twins (n = 7 532), and previously published twin data from Finland (n = 14 288) – are subjected to an integrated analysis to test alternative hypotheses about the genetic causes of family resemblance in personality. When allowance is made for differences in reliability of the scales, the combined data are consistent with the same model for variation. There are significant amounts of genetic non-additivity for both dimensions of personality. The evidence favours additive × additive epistatic interactions rather than dominance. In the case of neuroticism, there is especially strong evidence of sex differences in genetic architecture favouring a greater relative contribution of non-additive genetic effects in males. The data confirm previous claims to find no major contribution of the shared environment of twins and siblings to these dimensions of personality. Correlations between spouses are zero, and the correlations for very large samples of siblings and non-identical twins do not differ significantly.