bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can quarries supplement rare xeric habitats in a piedmont region? Spiders of the Blansky les Mts, Czech Republic
Authors: Tropek R. , Konvicka M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlthough there is growing evidence that post‐industrial barrens such as quarries can harbour a substantial proportion of species diversity formerly associated with traditional rural landscapes, most of the evidence originated from limestone quarries in relatively warm areas, while minimum studies exist for cool regions and acidic substrates. We used pitfall trapping to study spiders colonising three quarries in a piedmont region of southwestern Czech Republic. We compare samples from the quarries with adjoining seminatural localities using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Samples from the quarries contained less species per trap, but endangered species occurred both in the quarries and outside of them, and some were sampled in the quarries only. Compared to the seminatural localities, quarries were colonised by species preferring lighter and more open vegetation. These species had, in average, more restricted distribution in the Czech Republic, suggesting that the quarries indeed attracted specialists of early successional habitats that are increasingly rare in modern landscapes. Prospects of such species depend on future restoration policy in existing quarries. To safeguard them, spontaneous succession should be preferred over engineered reclamation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanotechnology and lipids
Authors: Farhang Bita 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMaking high‐quality and smart products at a very low cost, better‐designed, safer, longer lasting, cheaper are every industrial sectors desire. How we can achieve this? The answer is by nanotechnology, a new revolution in technology, which will affect most sectors of business including the food market. Making a healthy fried product with no off‐flavor, a healthy ice–cream with low fat, effective antioxidants and more are new innovations in oils and fats industry powered by nanotechnology.
Radiosensitizing effects of plumbagin in cervical cancer cells is through modulation of apoptotic pathway
Authors: Nair Sreekala , Nair Raghu Ram K. , Srinivas Priya , Srinivas Gopal , Pillai M. Radhakrishna 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRadiotherapy is the primary line of cancer treatment for cervical cancer and is known to induce cell death in tumors. Radiotherapy is however limited by the total dose that can be given without damaging normal tissue. Plumbagin, a naturally occurring naphthaquinone, has been reported to have free radical producing properties. Hence we hypothesized that plumbagin could also have properties that could modify effects of radiation on cervical cancer cells. Radiation in combination with plumbagin may thus have treatment augmenting effects. Results from our studies have shown that a lower dose of radiation in combination with plumbagin could induce apoptosis more effectively compared to a higher dose of radiation alone. Plumbagin in combination with 2 Gy of radiation was very effective in inducing apoptosis, when compared to a higher radiation dose of 10 Gy alone. This combination also showed a fivefold increase in the activation of caspase 3 in C33A cells. Activation of effector caspases confirms that the induction of apoptosis by irradiation and plumbagin involves caspase‐dependent pathways. Expression of apoptotic regulatory molecules Bcl‐2, Bax and Survivin was also modulated by plumbagin in combination with radiation. In summary, this study shows that a combination of plumbagin and radiation augmented cell growth inhibition compared to higher radiation dose alone, thus indicating that plumbagin may be a potential radiosensitizer acting through the induction of apoptosis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DFT studies of the conformational/structural dependencies of geminal 1H,1H scalar coupling 2J(H,H′) in substituted methanes
Authors: Barfield Michael 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA study is presented of the structural dependencies for scalar, interproton J‐coupling across two bonds in a series of substituted methanes. The coupled perturbed, density functional theory method with a B3PW91 functional and aug‐cc‐pVTZ‐J basis sets is used to examine coupling between geminal protons 2J(H,H′) in methane and a series of substituted compounds CH3X (X = CH3, CH2CH3, CH2, CH, and NH2) as functions of the dihedral angle φ measured about the C1X2 bonds. All four contributions are obtained but all conformational effects are dominated by the Fermi contact term. Simple linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO)‐molecular orbital (MO) sum‐over‐states methods are used to examine the relationships of the coupling constants with dihedral angles as well as internal HCH and HC1X2 angles. This study explores some novel aspects of geminal HH coupling including an analysis of the asymmetry in the conformational dependencies arising from non‐next‐nearest neighbor interactions. For each of the substituted methanes, explicit trigonometric/exponential expressions are given and these accurately reproduce the 2J(H,H′) structural dependencies with standard deviations usually less than 0.03 Hz. The molecular structures for representative bicyclic molecules were fully optimized, and DFT results for 2J(H,H′) reproduce all the trends in the experimental data. A discussion is given on the applicability of the equations for HH coupling in the substituted methanes to coupling in the bicyclic molecules. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantum chemical and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral studies on molecular properties and electronic structure of berberine and berberrubine
Authors: Tripathi A. N. , Chauhan Lata , Thankachan P. P. , Barthwal Ritu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe structural and electronic properties of berberine and berberrubine have been studied extensively using density functional theory (DFT) employing B3LYP exchange correlation. The geometries of these molecules have been fully optimized at the B3LYP/6‐311G** level. The chemical shift of 1H and 13C resonances in NMR spectra of these molecules have been calculated using the gauge invariant atomic model (GIAO) method as implemented in Gaussian 98. One‐ and two‐dimensional HSQC (1H13C), HMBC (1H13C) and ROESY (1H1H) spectra were recorded at 500 MHz for the berberine molecule in D2O solution. All proton and carbon resonances were unambiguously assigned, and inter‐proton distances obtained from ten observed NOE contacts. A restrained molecular dynamics (RMD) approach was used to get the optimized solution structure of berberine. The structure of berberine and berberrubine molecules was also obtained using the ROESY data available in literature. Comparison of the calculated NMR chemical shifts with the experimental values revealed that DFT methods produce very good results for both proton and carbon chemical shifts. The importance of the basis sets to the calculated NMR parameters is discussed. It has been found that calculated structure and chemical shifts in the gas phase predicted with B3LYP/6‐311G** are in very good agreement with the present experimental data and the measured values reported earlier. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2J(29SiO29Si) coupling constants in oligosiloxanes
Authors: Kurfürst Milan , Schraml Jan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe absolute values of spin–spin couplings between 29Si nuclei in siloxanes, 2J(29SiO29Si), were determined. The couplings are small and cover a narrow range of values (0–5 Hz). The coupling constants depend on the branching or on the number of electronegative substituents on the SiOSi moiety. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H and 13C NMR spectral data of new saponins from Cordia piauhiensis
Authors: Santos Renata P. , Silveira Edilberto R. , Uchôa Daniel Esdras de A. , Pessoa Otília Deusdênia L. , Viana Francisco Arnaldo , Braz‐Filho Raimundo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo new bidesmoside triterpenoid saponins were isolated from stems of Cordia piauhiensis. Their structures, characterized as 3‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl pomolic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (1) and 3‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (2), were unequivocally established after extensive NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT 135 , COSY, HSQC, HMBC, TOCSY, and NOESY) studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
13C‐detected IPAP‐INADEQUATE for simultaneous measurement of one‐bond and long‐range scalar or residual dipolar coupling constants
Authors: Jin Lan , Uhrín Dušan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe sensitivity of cryoprobes, which are rapidly becoming available, means that the measurement of coupling constants involving 13C, 13C pairs at the natural abundance of 13C can now, in principle, be done by using tens rather then hundreds of milligrams of compounds. However, a robust method that would yield reliable values of small long‐range carbon‐‐carbon coupling constants is still missing. In this Communication, we describe a novel 13C–detected incredible natural‐abundance double‐quantum transfer experiment (INADEQUATE) experiment for simultaneous correlation of one‐bond and long‐range 13C13C pairs and the measurement of both types of coupling constants in 13C natural abundance samples. This method yields accurate values of one‐bond and long‐range coupling constants by manipulation of pure phase in‐phase (IP) and antiphase (AP) doublets, and is referred to as 13C‐detected IPAP‐INADEQUATE. It is illustrated by the measurement of interglycosidic 3JCCOC coupling constants in a disaccharide molecule providing important information about the conformation of the glycosidic linkage. Owing to the simplicity of INADEQUATE spectra the carbon–carbon coupling constants are particularly suitable for studies of partially oriented molecules through the measurement of carbon–carbon residual dipolar couplings (RDCs). An example of this approach is presented. We expect the method to find a variety of applications in the conformational analysis of small molecules, determination of diastereoisomers and enantiomers, and studies of molecules in aligned media. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poverty and people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Emerson Eric 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEpidemiological studies have consistently reported a significant association between poverty and the prevalence of intellectual disabilities. The available evidence suggests that this association reflects two distinct processes. First, poverty causes intellectual disabilities, an effect mediated through the association between poverty and exposure to a range of environmental and psychosocial hazards. Second, families supporting a child with intellectual disabilities and adults with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of experiencing poverty due to the financial and social impact of caring and the exclusion of people with intellectual disabilities from the workforce. It is likely that the association between poverty and intellectual disabilities accounts in part for the health and social inequalities experienced by people with intellectual disabilities and their families. Implications for policy and practice are discussed in relation to the funding of services for people with intellectual disabilities and preventative approaches to addressing the health and social inequalities experienced by people with intellectual disabilities and their families. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:107–113.
Exterior problem of magnetic field in Darwin model and its numerical solution
Authors: Liao Caixiu , Ying Lung‐An 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the solutions of magnetic field in the Darwin model to the Maxwell's equations in 2D unbounded domain. We first deduce the variational formulation and prove the well‐posedness of the weak solution, and then prove the existence and uniqueness of the infinite element solution. Error estimate and the numerical examples are provided. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008
Toward a property/function relationship for metallothioneins: Histidine coordination and unusual cluster composition in a zinc‐metallothionein from plants
Authors: Leszczyszyn Oksana I. , Schmid Ralf , Blindauer Claudia A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEarly cysteine labeled (EC) proteins are plant metallothioneins, which were first identified in wheat embryos and are thought to be seed‐specific. An exhaustive analysis of expressed sequence tag (EST) entries reveals that homologs are expressed in embryos of both classes of flowering plants (monocotyledons and dicotyledons), but also occur in conifers (gymnosperms) and seed‐free spike moss (lycophyta). Mass spectrometric and elemental analysis results indicate that, contrary to the widely propagated number of five, EC binds predominantly six zinc ions in at least two zinc‐thiolate clusters. 1H and 111Cd NMR experiments suggest that, in contrast to the majority of previously characterized metallothioneins, two conserved histidine residues participate in metal binding. The collected data is consistent with the presence of clusters unprecedented in metallothioneins so far. This novel cluster composition is accompanied by metal‐binding properties that are substantially different from other metallothioneins; thus wheat EC binds zinc less strongly than either mammalian or cyanobacterial MTs. The unique biochemical properties of wheat EC render it ideally suited for a role in zinc donation to nascent proteins during seed development, a role that has been suggested based on the fact that EC is induced by the plant hormone abscisic acid, but not by heavy metals. Our results provide a step further toward developing a property/function relationship for metallothioneins. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of Shirodkar cervical suture in securing hemostasis following surgical evacuation of Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Jurkovic D. , Ben‐Nagi J. , Ofilli‐Yebovi D. , Sawyer E. , Helmy S. , Yazbek J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of a Shirodkar cervical suture in arresting hemorrhage following surgical removal of a Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy.MethodsThe study included women with an ultrasound diagnosis of Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy who were scheduled for surgical evacuation. After administration of general anesthetic, a Shirodkar cervical suture was inserted using the standard surgical technique. The suture was left untied and the Cesarean scar pregnancy was evacuated under ultrasound guidance using suction curettage. Once the pregnancy had been successfully removed, the suture was tied and 500 µg ergometrine was administered intravenously to ensure uterine contraction. The patients were prescribed prophylactic antibiotics and the suture was removed 7 days later in the outpatient setting, under local anesthetic.ResultsOver a 4‐year period a total of 33 Cesarean scar pregnancies were diagnosed, and 28 (85%) had surgical evacuation. A cervical suture was necessary to achieve hemostasis in 22/28 (79%; 95% CI, 64–94) cases. In the remaining 6/28 (21%; 95% CI, 6–36) cases, the bleeding was minimal and the suture was not tied. The median estimated intraoperative blood loss was 50 (range, 50–1500) mL. Six of 28 (21%; 95% CI, 6–36) women suffered blood loss ≥ 300 mL and two (7%; 95% CI, 0–17) required blood transfusion. One woman (5%; 95% CI, 0–14) required repeat surgery because of retained products of conception. There were no other significant complications and the uterus was preserved successfully in all cases.ConclusionsInsertion of a Shirodkar cervical suture during the evacuation of a Cesarean scar pregnancy is an effective method for securing hemostasis; it minimizes the need for blood transfusion and ensures preservation of fertility. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of fats and oils in cosmetics
Authors: Berdick Murray 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe earliest emollients in the history of cosmetics were the naturally occurring animal fats and vegetable oils. These provided soothing and smoothing action on the skin and grooming effects on head and beard hair. For the most part, odor problems limited the interest in oils derived from fish. With the increasing sophistication of users and increasing understanding of the technology of these materials, the short‐comings of natural fats and oils were overcome in several ways: (a) increased stability through use of antioxidants; (b) reduced odor through improved processing; (c) improved stability and diversification through chemical modification; (d) increased diversity through preparation of derivatives, and (e) substitution of mineral oil. Today the most important single cosmetic use of an unmodified natural fat or oil is that of castor oil as the base for lipsticks. Other unmodified oils have largely minor specialty uses, particularly in higher‐priced cosmetics. These include almond oil, apricot kernel oil, sesame oil, safflower oil, wheat germ oil, avocado oil, turtle oil and mink oil. Cocoa butter is used to some extent in suntan products. Reconstituted fractionated coconut oil is widely used. Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids are increasing in importance. Hydrogenation has produced stable oils useful in cosmetics. Alkyl esters and monoglycerol esters of fatty acids offer a wider range of properties than the original oils. Improvements in the naturally occurring fats and oils have made it possible for them to compete in some characteristics, and current interest in “natural” cosmetics may turn the attention of the cosmetic chemist back to improved versions of the classical raw materials.
Preparation and reactions of fatty acid azirines
Authors: Foglia T. A. , Barr P. A. , Maerker G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe 1‐azirine derivatives ofcis‐9‐octadecene and methyl oleate have been prepared, and some of their reactions have been studied. The preparation of these novel fatty acid derivatives was accomplished in a three‐step synthesis with good overall yields. Addition of the electrophile IN3 to the olefin yielded the β‐iodoazide derivatives of octadecane and stearic acid. Treatment of the latter compounds with base resulted in dehydrohalogenation and gave the vinyl azides. Solution photolysis of the vinyl azides yielded the 1‐azirine derivatives. Reduction of the 1‐azirines with metal hydrides gave the known epimino derivatives of octadecane and octadecanol. Other reducing agents were unsuccessful in preserving the three‐membered ring. Reaction with acids caused the dimerization of the 1‐azirines with formation of tetrasubstituted pyrazines. The 1‐azirines were attacked by acid chlorides and hydrochloric acid to give chlorinated amides as principal products.
Fatty acid polymorph identification by infrared
Authors: Bailey A. V. , Mitcham D. , Pittman R. A. , Sumrell G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIR spectra in the 7.5–25.0 µm region are shown to be unique for polymorphic modifications of long chain saturated fatty acids of even carbon number and also for the individual fatty acids. IR spectra are presented for the A‐, B‐, C‐ and E‐forms of stearic acid and for the C‐form of myristic, palmitic, arachidic and behenic acid and the differences discussed. X‐ray determined crystal long spacings for the A‐, B‐, C‐ and E‐forms of a series of homologous even carbon‐numbered acids are presented and compared with literature values. The formation of the different polymorphic forms are found to be temperature‐concentration related and affected little by polarity of the solvent. Wideline nuclear magnetic resonance second moment values are given for the polymorphic forms of stearic acid.
Kinetics of the reaction between chlorine and oleic acid in carbon tetrachloride solution
Authors: Clegg G. T. , Winter P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractKinetic data have been obtained for the reaction between chlorine and oleic acid in carbon tetrachloride solution by measuring the chlorine depletion and hydrogen chloride production as a function of residence time in a rod‐like flow system. The data are well correlated by a kinetic model incorporating parallel, second‐order addition and substitution reactions. Measured reaction rates are an order of magnitude less than those reported in a previous investigation which neglected substitution reactions.
Reactions of unsaturated fatty alcohols. III. Viscosity and molecular weight studies on some vinyl ether polymers
Authors: Gast L. E. , Schneider W. J. , Teeter H. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMolecular weights of the polymers of the vinyl ethers of stearyl, soybean, and linseed fatty alcohols were measured cryoscopically in cyclohexane at three different concentrations. Corrected number‐average molecular weights were obtained by extrapolation to zero cocentration. For each family of polymers a series of preparations varying in degree of polymerization were studied with number‐average molecular weights ranging from 1,500 to 15,000 or higher.Reduced viscosity measurements at 25°C. were made on benzene solutions of each polymer preparation at three different concentrations. Intrinsic viscosities were obtained by extrapolating to zero concentration. Intrinsic viscosities for the polymers range from 0.05 to 0.20.Logarithmic plots of molecular weightvs. intrinsic viscosity gave linear relationships for stearyl, soybean, and linseed polymers. Values forK′ anda in the equation of Mark and Houwink were obtained from these plots.
Effect of dehulling and heat processing on nutritional value of sesame proteins
Authors: Shamanthaka Sastry M. C. , Subramanian N. , Parpia H. A. B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractProcessing of edible sesame flour involves use of hot lye treatment of the seed for dehulling followed by drying, screw pressing, and solvent extraction. The effect of such processing on protein quality, especially lysine availability has been studied. The enzymatic digestibility of protein is improved as a result of dehulling, and lysine present in the flour exhibits remarkable stability to heat treatment, the maximum losses being less than 15% even under drastic conditions of heat treatment of the flour (1 kg/cm2 for 60 min). Supplementation of the flour with lysine at an optimal level of 1.25 g L‐lysine HCl/100 g flour enhances the nutritive value of protein, making it comparable to that of milk powder.