bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Model Markowitz dalam Memperoleh Portofolio Optimal di Pasar Saham IDX30
Authors: Ridwanudin Oce , Sari Maya 
Published: February 2024

Investment in financial market is inextricably linked to risk. The risk cannot be eliminated, but indeed it can be minimized. By using Markowitz model, investor can gain optimal result while taking on acceptable risk. This study intends to examine the findings of optimal portfolio construction using Markowitz model on IDX 30. The method was quantitative descriptive. The population was all companies listed on IDX 30. Then, there were three companies chosen as the sample. The investigation of the three stocks yielded two efficient portfolios. First were the stocks of PT Bank Negara Indonesia, Tbk. and PT Astra International. The second was stocks of PT Bank Negara Indonesia, Tbk. and PT Adaro Energy Indonesia, Tbk. Each stock provided a return of 1.03 % with the risk level of 7.75%, and 4.4% with the risk level of 8.49%. The conclusion is that by using these two portfolios, investor can get optimal expected returns with the degree of risk comparable to individual equities. Thus, it is suggested for the investor to apply the calculation of Markowitz model on Indonesia Stock Exchange over a longer period than the one used in this study. It is also suggested for them to select the portfolio in accordance to their preferences.
Karakteristik fisikokimia dan mutu hedonik es krim dengan penambahan bubur rumput laut
Authors: Irawan Irman , Ardhanawinata Adlina , Khasanah Uswatun , Diachanty Seftylia , Zuraida Ita 
Published: February 2024

Kappaphycus alvarezii telah banyak digunakan dalam berbagai olahan makanan, salah satunya es krim. Aplikasi K. alvarezii pada es krim biasanya dalam bentuk karagenan dan tepung yang berfungsi sebagai pengemulsi dan penstabil. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan karakteristik fisikokimia dan tingkat penerimaan konsumen es krim dengan formulasi penambahan bubur K. alvarezii konsentrasi berbeda. Pembuatan es krim dilakukan dengan penambahan bubur K. alvarezii konsentrasi 0; 3,69; 7,09; 10,27; 13,25; dan 16,03%. Parameter yang diamati meliputi overrun, melting rate, viskositas, total solid, pH, dan hedonik. Uji hedonik dilakukan pada atribut ketampakan, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan bubur K. alvarezii dengan konsentrasi berbeda pada es krim memberikan pengaruh nyata (p<0,05) pada parameter overrun, melting rate, viskositas, total solid, dan uji hedonik, namun tidak berbeda nyata pada nilai pH. Karakteristik es krim menunjukkan nilai overrun 45,98–80,89%; melting rate 5,21-8,55 menit; viskositas 42,55-79,00 dpa’s; total solid 46,90-53,53%; dan pH 5,74-5,88. Hasil uji hedonik es krim menunjukkan ketampakan dengan nilai 6,68 (agak suka)-7,55 (sangat suka); aroma 5,90 (agak suka)-7,43 (suka); rasa 6,30 (agak suka)-7,75 (sangat suka); dan tekstur 5,83 (agak suka)-7,68 (sangat suka).
Diversity and Abundance of Ichthyofaunal Species in Karingali Wetland of Central Kerala, India
Authors: Mammen Kripa Mariam , Kumar M.G. Sanal 
Published: February 2024

Background: Karingali wetland is a collection of wetlands in Alappuzha and Pathanmthitta district. It is one of the major wetland paddy fields of central Travancore and had been considered as the rice bank of Mavelikara kingdom. This wetland has not yet been the subject of study. The present study is an inventorization of fish species in this wetland.This will eventually be utilised as a database. Methods: The study areas were divided into five sites; fish samples were collected monthly for a period of June 2020 – May 2022. The collected fish samples were stored in 10% formalin solution and identified with the help of standard literature. Result: During the course of the current study, a total of 35 species from 11 orders were discovered from the Karingali wetland. Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Perciformes, Anabantiformes, Cichliformes, Beloniformes, Elopiformes, Synbranchiformes, Gobiiformes, Clupeiformes and Mugiliformes were the principal orders. The diversity value ranges high during march and low in July. Even though Karingali wetland are not as much polluted but at the verge of contamination.
Diagenesis and Migration of Hydrocarbons in the Monterey Formation, Pismo
Syncline, California
Authors: Surdam Ronald C. , Stanley K. O. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Kerogen in the Miocene Monterey Formation in the Pismo syncline consists of amorphous material of algal origin. Most of the rocks presently contain 1-5 wt. % total organic carbon. Thermal alteration index determinations and pyrolysis (thermal extract) data suggest that the organic material at the center of the fold is mature, whereas the organic material on the limbs of the fold is immature. The Monterey Formation in this region entered the liquid hydrocarbon window at a present day depth of approximately 1700 meters. The liquid window appears to be coincident with the opal CT to quartz reaction (80 ± 10°C).
Hydrocarbons were expelled from the Monterey rocks deep in the center of the fold and began migrating as a result of microfracturing. The hydrocarbons migrated up into the southwest limb of the fold through macrofractures. This limb of the fold is characterized by brittle dolomitic and opal CT rich rocks that were intensely fractured prior to hydrocarbon migration. The potential reservoirs on this limb of the fold are in fractured Monterey. In contrast, on the northeast limb of the fold Monterey rocks consist of silty and sandy siliceous rocks that tend to be more resistant to fracturing; hydrocarbons migrate up into this limb of the fold through relatively low angle faults and spread into structural traps along the fault in the adjacent Pliocene Pismo Formation through conjugate shears. The potential reservoirs on this limb are in structural traps in the Pismo Formation. A third potential hydrocarbon target is the basal sand in the Pismo Formation; almost everywhere in the fold this unit is highly bituminous.
Risk factors for non-participation in ivermectin and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine mass drug administration for malaria control in the MASSIV trial
Authors: Kositz Christian , Marks Michael , Bradley John , Vasileva Hristina , Dabira Edgard , D'Alessandro Umberto , Mohammed Nuredin , Achan Jane 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: Mass Drug Administration (MDA) has become a mainstay for the control of several diseases over the last two decades. Successful implementation of MDA programs requires community participation and can be threatened by systematic non-participation. Such concerns are particularly pertinent for MDA programmes against malaria, as they require multi-day treatment over several consecutive months. Factors associated with non-participation to the MDA campaign with ivermectin (IVM) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP) implemented within the MASSIV cluster randomized trial were determined.
Methods: Coverage data was extracted from the MASSIV trial study database. We classified a complete month of MDA as receiving all three daily doses of treatment. For both ivermectin and DHP, we used ordinal logistic regression to identify individual and household level variables associated with non-participation.
Results: For ivermectin, 51.5% of eligible participants received all three months of treatment while 30.7% received either one or two complete months. For DHP, 56.7% of eligible participants received all three months of treatment and 30.5% received either one or two complete months. Children aged 5-15 years and adults aged more than 50 years were more likely to receive at least one complete month of MDA than working age adults, both for ivermectin (aOR 4.3, 95% CI 3.51 – 5.28 and aOR of 2.26, 95% CI 1.75 – 2.95) and DHP (aOR 2.47, 95%CI 2.02 – 3.02 and aOR 1.33, 95%CI 1.01 – 1.35), respectively.
Households whose head received a complete month of MDA were more likely to have had a complete month of MDA, both for ivermectin (aOR 1.71, 95%CI 1.35 – 2.14) and for DHP (aOR 1.64, 95%CI 1.33 – 2.04).
Conclusion: Personal and household-level variables were associated with participation in the MDA programme for malaria control. Specific strategies to (increase participation amongst some groups may be important to ensure maximum impact of MDA strategies in achieving malaria elimination.
Trial Registration:
The MASSIV trial is registered under NCT03576313.
Enhancing Upper Extremity Muscle Strength in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury Using Low-Intensity Blood Flow Restriction Exercise
Authors: Shadgan Babak , Zadeh Mehdi Nouri , Saremi Yekta , Baktash Leila , Lazarevic Stefan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Study Design
A randomized experimental design.
Objectives
This study explores the feasibility and effects of low-intensity blood flow restriction (LI-BFR) exercise on forearm muscle strength and function in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).
Setting
International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, Canada.
Methods
Ten male and female participants with SCI, aged 18-75, underwent an 8-week LI-BFR exercise program that targeted forearm muscles. Grip strength was the primary outcome measure, and participants also provided qualitative feedback on their experiences.
Results
The study revealed a significant increase in forearm muscle strength among participants in the intervention group who engaged in LI-BFR training, with an average strength gain of 7.5 ± 0.37 kg post 16 exercise sessions (Cohen`s d=-6.32, 95% CI: -8.34, -6.68). In contrast, the control group, following a conventional high-intensity exercise regimen without BFR, showed a more modest strength increase of 4.4 ± 0.68 kg. Additionally, the intervention was well-received, with minimal reported discomfort and high participant satisfaction. A mean Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) score of 2.2 reflected overall improvements in participants' daily activities and health status.
Conclusions
This study highlights the feasibility and efficacy of LI-BFR exercise as a safe method to improve forearm muscle strength in individuals with SCI. The extension of this technique to target additional limb muscles holds promise for advancing muscle rehabilitation in the SCI population. The positive outcomes and high level of participant satisfaction suggest that this innovative method can enhance functional independence and elevate the overall quality of life of this population.
A multi-century perspective on contemporary fire deficit and anomalous fire severity in the southwestern United States
Authors: McClure Emma , Coop Jonathan , Guiterman Christopher , Margolis Ellis , Parks Sean 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Wildfires in the southwestern United States are increasingly frequent and severe, but whether these trends are beyond historical norms remains contested. We combine dendroecological records, satellite-derived burn severity, and field measures of tree mortality to compare historical (1700-1880) and contemporary (1985-2020) fire regimes at 406 tree-ring fire-scar sites in Arizona and New Mexico. Contemporary fire frequency is over 80% lower than historical levels. Before 1880, fires averaged 0.87 fires/decade (every 11.4 years), followed by over a century without fire at most sites. Since 1985, the same sites averaged only 0.17 fires/decade (every 58.8 years). Fire severity, however, has increased. At 42% of our sites, centuries-old fire-scarred trees recently experienced anonymously lethal fire severity. Suppressed wildfires tended to burn more severely than prescribed burns and managed “fire use” wildfires. These findings support the expanded use of low-severity prescribed and managed fire to restore ecosystem function and resilience to southwestern dry-conifer forests.
Klebsiella LPS O1-antigen prevents complement-mediated killing by inhibiting C9 polymerization
Authors: Masson Frerich M , Káradóttir Salvör , Lans Sjors PA van der , Doorduijn Dennis J , de Haas Carla JC , Rooijakkers Suzan HM , Bardoel Bart W 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The Gram-negative bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important human pathogen. Its treatment has been complicated by the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains. The human complement system is an important part of our innate immune response that can directly kill Gram-negative bacteria by assembling membrane attack complex (MAC) pores into the bacterial outer membrane. To resist this attack, Gram-negative bacteria can modify their lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Especially the decoration of the LPS outer core with the O-antigen polysaccharide has been linked to increased bacterial survival in serum, but not studied in detail. In this study, we characterized various clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and show that expression of the LPS O1-antigen correlates with resistance to complement-mediated killing. Mechanistic data reveal that the O1-antigen does not inhibit C3b deposition and C5 conversion. In contrast, we see more efficient formation of C5a, and deposition of C6 and C9 when an O-antigen is present. Further downstream analyses revealed that the O1-antigen prevents correct insertion and polymerization of the final MAC component C9 into the bacterial membrane. Altogether, we show that the LPS O1-antigen is a key determining factor for complement resistance by K. pneumoniae and provide insights into the molecular basis of O1-mediated MAC evasion.
Quantification and Sensitivity Assessment of Chinese Provincial Ecological Compensation in the Perspective of Carbon Deficit Redistribution
Authors: Yan Feng , Pang Jiao , Liu Yue , An Xiaoming , Wang Xingyu , Liu Xin , Shen Lin , Chen Yaheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The ecological compensation mechanism is a tool for managing regional development and promoting the green economy. This paper proposes a revised model for carbon emissions and absorption based on IPCC, then analyses the spatial and temporal variations of carbon emissions, absorption, and deficit in 31 provinces of China from 2001 to 2019. A model was developed to redistribute carbon deficits and compensate for ecological imbalances, with the aim of eliminating background differences between regions. The concept of ecological compensation sensitivity was proposed, and a redundancy analysis (RDA) was conducted to detect possible influencing factors. Results indicate that: (1) The carbon deficits were relatively substantial in the centre and developed coastal regions, which were the subject regions of China's ecological compensation. Meanwhile, the northwest and southwest regions were the object regions of ecological compensation, and the compensated object regions tended to extend towards the southeast. The majority of compensated subject areas are generally less sensitive than compensated object regions. (2) The graph of carbon deficit volume over time shows that China's two carbon targets are closely aligned. The distribution of China's ecological compensation amounts follows the pattern of provincial economic development levels, with higher compensation amounts concentrated in the central and coastal regions. There is a positive correlation between GDP, year, and population size with carbon emission and carbon deficit. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between year, region, and carbon absorption. (3) This compensation model can strongly incentivise the compensation subject area to proactively adjust its economic development model to cope with the significant compensation pressure. Additionally, it can fully encourage the compensation recipient area to continue adhering to the green economic development model. The conclusions of the study hold significant reference value for promoting the development of a green, low-carbon economy. The conclusions of the study hold significant reference value for promoting the development of a green, low-carbon economy.
A Nomogram Model to Predict Non-Retrieval of Short-term Retrievable Inferior Vena Cava Filters Short Title: Risk Factors for Non-retrieval of Retrievable Filters
Authors: Qin Lihao , Gu Xiaocheng , Ni Caifang , Wang Kai , Xue Tongqing , Jia Zhongzhi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
To develop and validate a nomogram for predicting non-retrieval of the short-term retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filters.
Methods
In this study, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors of short-term retrievable filter non-retrieval, and a nomogram was then established based on these factors. The nomogram was created based on data from a training cohort and validated based on data from a validation cohort. The predictive value of the nomogram was estimated using area under the curve (AUC) and calibration curve analysis (Hosmer-Lemeshow test).
Results
A total of 1321 patients who had undergone placement of short-term retrievable filters (Aegisy or OptEase) were included in the analysis. The overall retrieval rate was. Age, mixed type deep vein thrombosis (DVT) vs peripheral type DVT, active cancer, history of long-term immobilization, VTE was detected in the intensive care unit, active/recurrent bleeding, IVC thrombosis, and history of venous thromboembolism were independent predictive risk factors for non-retrieval of filters. Interventional therapy for DVT, fresh fracture, and interval of ≥ 14 days between filter placement and patient discharge were independent protective factors for non-retrieval of filters. The nomogram based on these factors demonstrated good ability to predict the non-retrieval of filters (training cohort AUC = 0.870; validation cohort AUC = 0.813.
Conclusion
This nomogram demonstrated strong predictive accuracy and discrimination capability. This model may help clinicians identify patients who are not candidates for short-term retrievable filter placement and help clinicians make timely, individualized decisions in filter choice strategies.
Sex-specific migration strategies and underlying physiology contribute to spring arrival protandry in a songbird
Authors: Bojarinova Julia , Demina Irina , Chetverikova Raisa , Babushkina Olga , Tsvey Arseny 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In spring, many migrating songbirds exhibit protandry (the phenomenon whereby males precede females in arrival at breeding sites). The reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus) is a short-distance migrant which expresses a high degree of protandry and combines both nocturnal and diurnal movements during migrations. In experimental conditions, we studied the proximate mechanisms of protandry and compared locomotor behavior between spring and autumn migrations. We assumed that captive behavior is a proxy for the behavior that birds demonstrate in the wild. Combined, the analysis of seasonal patterns and circadian dynamics of locomotor activity suggested that male reed buntings depart from wintering grounds by daytime flights approximately two weeks earlier than females. Later, they develop nocturnal activity, take off shortly before dawn and continue their flight for several hours in the morning. We argue that such behavior allows males to benefit from both the advantage of nocturnal flight and an efficient start of foraging, thereby reducing the stopover duration (by minimizing search/settling costs) and increasing the total migration speed. In contrast, females migrate predominantly at night in spring. Sex-related variation in behavior was accompanied by differences in energetic conditions; males in spring had, on average, lower fat reserves. However, leukocyte profile parameters were similar in males and females. In contrast, in autumn, both sexes display similar levels/dynamics of locomotor activity and fat reserves. Overall, our results describe unique sex-specific migratory behaviour and physiology in reed buntings in spring, which, we assume, contribute to spring arrival protandry in this species.
Factors influencing the professional identity of students in medical university: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Wen , Sun Hong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background: Currently, university students lack in-depth understanding of the diverse study fields which decreases their professional identity. Therefore, strategies aimed at improving students’ professional identity need to be formulated. This study aimed to determine the current factors influencing medical university students' professional identity. The findings of this research will provide ideas for improving the professional identity level of university students.
Methods: students at a medical university in China participated in a survey in 2022. In the first part of the survey, a Professional Identity Questionnaire was used to determine their professional identity level as the dependent variable. In the second part of the survey, four dimensions including personal, family, peer and professional circumstance were investigated as the independent variables. Subsequently, the correlations between factors and professional identity were explored, as well as the degree of influence each factor on professional identity.
Results: The analysis showed that all dimensions affected the professional identity of the students. Students with one of the following characteristics were found having lower professional identity level than others: male, in the graduating year, poor academic performance, change of major against their intention,with poor academic performance, from rural areas, and in poor economic status, students who cannot get along well with their peers and students whose peers had intention to change their majors. All factors of professional circumstance dimension had significantly positive influences on professional identity, with the prospect and status element having the most significant effect.
Conclusions:Students with one of the following characteristics should be paid attention: male, in graduating year, change of major against their intention, with poor academic performance, from rural areas, and in poor economic status. The interpersonal relationship between students and their peers also deserve attention as well as the majors' value, learning environment, training objectives, prospect and status. Several initiatives should be developed and implemented to enhance students’ professional identity according to the above results.