bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Potential of Supported Cu2O and CuO Nanosystems in Photocatalytic H2 Production
Authors: Barreca Davide , Fornasiero Paolo , Gasparotto Alberto , Gombac Valentina , Maccato Chiara , Montini Tiziano , Tondello Eugenio 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHy wire: Supported Cu2O nanosystems and CuO nanowires obtained by chemical vapor deposition were used in the photocatalytic splitting of methanol/water solutions to produce hydrogen. The results obtained with these systems open appealing perspectives for the clean conversion of sunlight into storable chemical energy.magnified image
Brainstem mechanisms underlying the sudden infant death syndrome: Evidence from human pathologic studies
Authors: Kinney Hannah C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe brainstem hypothesis is one of the leading hypotheses concerning the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). It states that SIDS, or an important subset of SIDS, is due to abnormal brainstem mechanisms in the control of respiration, chemosensitivity, autonomic regulation, and/or arousal which impairs the infant's response to life‐threatening, but often occurring, stressors during sleep (e.g., hypoxia, hypercarbia, asphyxia, hyperthermia) and leads to sudden death in a vulnerable developmental period. In this review, we summarize neuropathologic evidence from SIDS cases that support this hypothesis, beginning with the seminal report of subtle brainstem gliosis three decades ago. We focus upon recent neurochemical studies in our laboratory concerning the neurotransmitter serotonin (5‐HT) and its key role in mediating protective responses to homeostatic stressors via medullary circuits. The possible fetal origin of brainstem defects in SIDS is reviewed, including evidence for adverse effects of prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and alcohol upon the postnatal development of human brainstem 5‐HT pathways. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 223–233, 2009
MicroCT for developmental biology: A versatile tool for high‐contrast 3D imaging at histological resolutions
Authors: Metscher Brian D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractUnderstanding developmental processes requires accurate visualization and parameterization of three‐dimensional embryos. Tomographic imaging methods offer automatically aligned and calibrated volumetric images, but the usefulness of X‐ray CT imaging for developmental biology has been limited by the low inherent contrast of embryonic tissues. Here, I demonstrate simple staining methods that allow high‐contrast imaging of embryonic tissues at histological resolutions using a commercial microCT system. Quantitative comparisons of images of chick embryos treated with different contrast agents show that three very simple methods using inorganic iodine and phosphotungstic acid produce overall contrast and differential tissue contrast for X‐ray imaging at least as high as that obtained with osmium. The stains can be used after any common fixation and after storage in aqueous or alcoholic media, and on a wide variety of species. These methods establish microCT imaging as a useful tool for comparative developmental studies, embryo phenotyping, and quantitative modeling of development. Developmental Dynamics 238:632–640, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell adhesion molecule L1 affects the rate of differentiation of enteric neurons in the developing gut
Authors: Turner Kirsty N. , Schachner Melitta , Anderson Richard B. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe enteric nervous system arises predominantly from vagal level neural crest cells that migrate into and along the developing gut. As the neural crest‐derived cells migrate within the gut, a subpopulation begins to differentiate into enteric neurons. Here, we show that the differentiation of neural crest‐derived cells into enteric neurons is delayed in L1‐deficient mice, compared with littermate controls. However, glial cell differentiation is not affected in L1‐deficient mice. These mice also show a delay in the differentiation of a neurotransmitter‐specific subtype of enteric neuron within the gastrointestinal tract. Together, these results suggest a role for the cell adhesion molecule, L1, in the differentiation of neural crest‐derived cells into enteric neurons within the developing enteric nervous system. Developmental Dynamics 238:708–715, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tubulin polymerization‐promoting protein family member 3, Tppp3, is a specific marker of the differentiating tendon sheath and synovial joints
Authors: Staverosky Julia A. , Pryce Brian A. , Watson Spencer S. , Schweitzer Ronen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTppp3, a member of the Tubulin polymerization‐promoting protein family, is an intrinsically unstructured protein that induces tubulin polymerization. We show that Tppp3 is a distinct marker in the developing musculoskeletal system. In tendons, Tppp3 is expressed in cells at the circumference of the developing tendons, likely the progenitors of connective tissues that surround tendons: the tendon sheath, epitenon, and paratenon. These tissues form an elastic sleeve around tendons and provide lubrication to minimize friction between tendons and surrounding tissues. Tppp3 is the first molecular marker of the tendon sheath, opening the door for direct examination of these tissues. Tppp3 is also expressed in forming synovial joints. The onset of Tppp3 expression in joints coincides with cavitation, representing a molecular marker that can be used to indicate this stage in joint transition in joint differentiation. In late embryonic stages, Tppp3 expression highlights other demarcation lines that surround differentiating tissues in the forelimb. Developmental Dynamics 238:685–692, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mouse mutagenesis identifies novel roles for left–right patterning genes in pulmonary, craniofacial, ocular, and limb development
Authors: Ermakov Alexander , Stevens Jonathan L. , Whitehill Elaine , Robson Joan E. , Pieles Guido , Brooker Debra , Goggolidou Paraskevi , Powles‐Glover Nicola , Hacker Terry , Young Stephen R. , Dear Neil , Hirst Elizabeth , Tymowska‐Lalanne Zuzanna , Briscoe James , Bhattacharya Shoumo , Norris Dominic P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractVertebrate organs show consistent left–right (L‐R) asymmetry in placement and patterning. To identify genes involved in this process we performed an ENU‐based genetic screen. Of 135 lines analyzed 11 showed clear single gene defects affecting L‐R patterning, including 3 new alleles of known L‐R genes and mutants in novel L‐R loci. We identified six lines (termed “gasping”) that, in addition to abnormal L‐R patterning and associated cardiovascular defects, had complex phenotypes including pulmonary agenesis, exencephaly, polydactyly, ocular and craniofacial malformations. These complex abnormalities are present in certain human disease syndromes (e.g., HYLS, SRPS, VACTERL). Gasping embryos also show defects in ciliogenesis, suggesting a role for cilia in these human congenital malformation syndromes. Our results indicate that genes controlling ciliogenesis and left–right asymmetry have, in addition to their known roles in cardiac patterning, major and unexpected roles in pulmonary, craniofacial, ocular and limb development with implications for human congenital malformation syndromes. Developmental Dynamics 238:581–594, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role for notch signaling in salivary acinar cell growth and differentiation
Authors: Dang Howard , Lin Alan L. , Zhang Binxian , Zhang Hong‐Mei , Katz Michael S. , Yeh Chih‐Ko 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe Notch pathway is crucial for stem/progenitor cell maintenance, growth and differentiation in a variety of tissues. The Notch signaling is essential for Drosophila salivary gland development but its role in mammalian salivary gland remains unclear. The human salivary epithelial cell line, HSG, was studied to determine the role of Notch signaling in salivary epithelial cell differentiation. HSG expressed Notch 1 to 4, and the Notch ligands Jagged 1 and 2 and Delta 1. Treatment of HSG cells with inhibitors of γ‐secretase, which is required for Notch cleavage and activation, blocked vimentin and cystatin S expression, an indicator of HSG differentiation. HSG differentiation was also associated with Notch downstream signal Hes‐1 expression, and Hes‐1 expression was inhibited by γ‐secretase inhibitors. siRNA corresponding to Notch 1 to 4 was used to show that silencing of all four Notch receptors was required to inhibit HSG differentiation. Normal human submandibular gland expressed Notch 1 to 4, Jagged 1 and 2, and Delta 1, with nuclear localization indicating Notch signaling in vivo. Hes‐1 was also expressed in the human tissue, with staining predominantly in the ductal cells. In salivary tissue from rats undergoing and recovering from ductal obstruction, we found that Notch receptors and ligands were expressed in the nucleus of the regenerating epithelial cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Notch signaling is critical for normal salivary gland cell growth and differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 238:724–731, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synectin‐dependent regulation of arterial maturation
Authors: Paye Julie M.D. , Phng Li‐Kun , Lanahan Anthony A. , Gerhard Holger , Simons Michael 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSynectin, a ubiquitously expressed PDZ scaffold protein, has been shown to be a key regulator in the formation of arterial vasculature. Examination of the retinal vasculature in synectin−/− mice demonstrated poor mural cell coverage of and attachment to the forming arterial tree, a defect reminiscent of retinal abnormalities observed in platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) ‐B−/− mice. Primary cultures of synectin−/− smooth muscle cells had normal expression of PDGFR‐β and migrated normally in response to PDGF‐BB. However, expression of PDGF‐BB protein, but not mRNA, was reduced in lysates from arterial, but not venous, primary synectin−/− endothelial cells (EC), that was restored by inhibition of proteosomal degradation. Transduction of synectin−/− and +/+ EC with a bicistronic Pdgfb/gfp construct, resulted in comparable expression of green fluorescent protein in both EC populations while PDGF‐BB expression was severely reduced in synectin−/− EC. Finally, synectin expression in synectin−/− arterial EC restored PDGF‐BB protein levels. These results suggest that synectin deficiency results in increased degradation of PDGF‐BB protein in arterial EC and, consequently, reduced recruitment of mural cells to newly forming arteries. This observation may explain the selective reduction in arterial morphogenesis observed in synectin knockout mice. Developmental Dynamics 238:604–610, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeted deletion of Nm23/nucleoside diphosphate kinase A and B reveals their requirement for definitive erythropoiesis in the mouse embryo
Authors: Postel Edith H. , Wohlman Irene , Zou Xiaoming , Juan Todd , Sun Ning , D'Agostin Diane , Cuellar Maria , Choi Theresa , Notterman Daniel A. , La Perle Krista M.D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe ubiquitously expressed nucleoside diphosphate kinases (Nm23/NDPK/Awd) are a large family of multifunctional enzymes implicated in nucleic acid metabolism and in normal and abnormal development. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of NDPK A‐ and B‐deficient (Nme1−/−/Nme2−/−) mice in which >95% of the enzyme activity is eliminated. These mice are undersized, die perinatally, and exhibit a spectrum of hematological phenotypes including severe anemia, impaired maturation of erythrocytes, and abnormal hematopoiesis in the liver and bone marrow. Flow cytometric analysis of developing Nme1−/−/Nme2−/− erythroid cells indicated that the major iron transport receptor molecule TfR1 is attenuated concomitant with a reduction of intracellular iron, suggesting that TfR1 is a downstream target of NDPKs and that reduced iron in Nme1−/−/Nme2−/− erythroblasts is inhibiting their development. We conclude that Nm23/NDPKs play critical roles in definitive erythroid development. Our novel mouse model also links erythropoiesis and nucleotide metabolism. Developmental Dynamics 238:775–787, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Remodeling of aortic smooth muscle during avian embryonic development
Authors: Wiegreffe Christoph , Christ Bodo , Huang Ruijin , Scaal Martin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe dorsal aorta is the earliest formed intraembryonic blood vessel in vertebrates composed of an inner lining of endothelial cells (ECs) and a slightly later‐forming outer wall consisting of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and pericytes. We previously identified the sclerotome as the only somitic compartment contributing to aortic SMCs in the trunk of the avian embryo. However, we demonstrated that the first SMCs in the aortic floor are not of somitic origin and must be derived from a different source. Here, we show that the primary SMCs are a transient population of aortic wall cells originating from the splanchnic mesoderm. A model is presented suggesting that wall formation of the early dorsal aorta in chick is a two‐step process: The primary, transient SMCs in the aortic floor originate in the splanchnic mesoderm, whereas the secondary, definitive SMCs of the entire aortic wall originate in the sclerotome. Developmental Dynamics 238:624–631, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two Hoxc6 transcripts are differentially expressed and regulate primary neurogenesis in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Bardine Nabila , Donow Cornelia , Korte Brigitte , Durston Antony J. , Knöchel Walter , Wacker Stephan A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHox genes are key players in defining positional information along the main body axis of vertebrate embryos. In Xenopus laevis, Hoxc6 was the first homeobox gene isolated. It encodes two isoforms. We analyzed in detail their spatial and temporal expression pattern during early development. One major expression domain of both isoforms is the spinal cord portion of the neural tube. Within the spinal cord and its populations of primary neurons, Hox genes have been found to play a crucial role for defining positional information. Here we report that a loss‐of‐function of either one of the Hoxc6 products does not affect neural induction, the expression of general neural markers is not modified. However, Hoxc6 does widely affect the formation of primary neurons within the developing neural tissue. Manipulations of Hoxc6 expression severly changes the expression of the neuronal markers N‐tubulin and Islet‐1. Formation of primary neurons and formation of cranial nerves are affected. Hence, Hoxc6 functions are not restricted to the expected role in anterior‐posterior pattern formation, but they also regulate N‐tubulin, thereby having an effect on the initial formation of primary neurons in Xenopus laevis embryos. Developmental Dynamics 238:755–765, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automated image‐based phenotypic analysis in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Vogt Andreas , Cholewinski Andrzej , Shen Xiaoqiang , Nelson Scott G. , Lazo John S. , Tsang Michael , Hukriede Neil A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPresently, the zebrafish is the only vertebrate model compatible with contemporary paradigms of drug discovery. Zebrafish embryos are amenable to automation necessary for high‐throughput chemical screens, and optical transparency makes them potentially suited for image‐based screening. However, the lack of tools for automated analysis of complex images presents an obstacle to using the zebrafish as a high‐throughput screening model. We have developed an automated system for imaging and analyzing zebrafish embryos in multi‐well plates regardless of embryo orientation and without user intervention. Images of fluorescent embryos were acquired on a high‐content reader and analyzed using an artificial intelligence‐based image analysis method termed Cognition Network Technology (CNT). CNT reliably detected transgenic fluorescent embryos (Tg(fli1:EGFP)y1) arrayed in 96‐well plates and quantified intersegmental blood vessel development in embryos treated with small molecule inhibitors of anigiogenesis. The results demonstrate it is feasible to adapt image‐based high‐content screening methodology to measure complex whole organism phenotypes. Developmental Dynamics 238:656–663, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tracking gene expression during zebrafish osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Li Nan , Felber Katharina , Elks Phil , Croucher Peter , Roehl Henry H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractExpression of collagen10a1 marks the formation of both dermal and cartilage bones in five day old zebrafish (ventral view). See Li et al., Developmental Dynamics 238:459–66, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A transgenic mouse that reveals cell shape and arrangement during ureteric bud branching
Authors: Chi Xuan , Hadjantonakis Anna‐Katerina , Wu Zaiqi , Hyink Deborah , Costantini Frank 
Published: February 2009

Abstract3‐D images showing the outlines of individual cells in the ureteric bud tips of a Hoxb7/myr‐Venus transgenic mouse kidney at embryonic day 15.5. Image stacks were acquired with a Bio‐Rad laser scanning confocal microscope equipped with an Olympus U PlanApo/IR water lens 60x /NA1.2. The images were processed using blind deconvolution (AutoDeblur, Media Cybernetics, Bethesda, MD), followed by volume rendering (Volocity software). See the article by Chi et al. in this issue.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Aminocyclopropanes and N‐Cyclopropylamino Alcohols Through Direct Amidocyclopropanation of Alkenes Using Chiral Organozinc Carbenoids
Authors: Bégis Guillaume , Cladingboel David E. , Jerome Laure , Motherwell William B. , Sheppard Tom D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChiral N‐(diethoxymethyl)oxazolidinones, prepared from the corresponding oxazolidinones by heating in triethyl orthoformate, can be used as organozinc carbenoid precursors for the direct enantioselective amidocyclopropanation of alkenes. The reaction is successful with a wide range of oxazolidinones and alkenes and proceeds with moderate to excellent yield and stereoselectivity. In most cases the trans/exo amidocyclopropane product is favoured, although certain cyclicalkenes such as indene favour the formation of the endo cyclopropane. The products can be readily elaborated to produce cyclopropylamino alcohols and amino acids.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A Tetrakis(tetrazolyl) Analogue of EDTA
Authors: Touti Faycal , Maurin Philippe , Hasserodt Jens 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe tetrazole moiety is usually established in situ with the corresponding inconveniences, such as reactant incompatibility, yield. In most of these cases, the tetrazole is formed in its nonprotected form. Subsequent protection is unattractive because of the promiscuous formation of two regioisomers. No particular protecting group has seen widespread use. The growing field of site‐selective oxidation of unactivated hydrocarbons makes use of metal complexes based on multidentate ligands displaying nitrogen coordination sites. We have characterized an easily accessible, benzyl‐protected synthon that allows the convergent introduction of the tetrazolylmethyl moiety and its smooth deprotection by catalytic hydrogenation. With the straightforward synthesis of the new hexadentate ligand EDTT, we have demonstrated the utility of this synthon for the fields of coordination, medicinal, and organocatalytic chemistry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Preparation and Characterization of a Tin Pentacyanonitrosylferrate‐Modified Carbon Ceramic Electrode: Application to Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Amperometric Detection of L‐Cysteine
Authors: Razmi H. , Habibi Es. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe sol‐gel technique was used to construct tin pentacyanonitrosylferrate (SnPCNF) modified composite carbon ceramic electrode (CCE). This involves two steps: construction of CCE containing metallic Sn powder and then electrochemical creating of SnPCNF on the surface of CCE. The SnPCNF modified CCE (SnPCNFlCCE) was characterized by energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), FTIR and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The SnPCNF film showed electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of L‐cysteine. A linear calibration plot was obtained over the L‐cysteine concentration range 1–51 μM using chronoamperometry. L‐cysteine was determined amperometrically at the surface of this modified electrode. The detection limit (for a signal to noise of 3) and sensitivity were found to be 0.62 μM and 126 μA/mM, respectively.
Novel Amperometric Sensor Based on Rigid Near‐Percolation Composite
Authors: Olivé‐Monllau Rosa , Baeza Mireia , Bartrolí Jordi , Céspedes Francisco 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA novel amperometric sensor based on a rigid graphite‐epoxy composite of which composition is near to the percolation is reported. The electrochemical response of the novel transducer material was evaluated in terms of reproducibility of the fabrication process and reproducibility and repeatability of the analytical signal. The signal to noise ratio was improved. atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique was used to obtain qualitatively information. Amperometric detection of chlorine in water was carried on at a set potential of −250 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. The developed flow injection analysis (FIA) system responded linearly to chlorine concentration between 0.15 mg L−1 and 4 mg L−1with a sensitivity of −0.20 μA L mg−1. The proposed system was applied to real samples from swimming‐pool water. No significant difference was observed regarding the standard method.
Electrocatalytic Behavior and Amperometric Detection of Morphine on ITO Electrode Modified with Directly Electrodeposited Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Yanrong , Wu Ying , Zhang Yu , Chen Zeguan , Cao Xia , Di Junwei , Yang Jianping 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified indium tin oxide (ITO) film coated glass electrode was prepared via a novel electrochemical deposition technique. The UV‐visible spectrum and SEM indicated that the AuNPs on ITO electrode surface were spherical shape and quite symmetric distributed. The modified electrode exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the oxidation of morphine (MO). At optimal experimental condition, the oxidation current was responsive with the MO concentrations ranging from 8.0×10−7 to 1.6×10−5 M, the detection limit was 2.1×10 –7 M. The modified electrode also exhibited high stability and reproducibility. The average recoveries of detection MO in human urine were ranged between 91.95% and 92.23%, and the RSD was less than 3.68% (n=5).
Direct Electrochemistry of Myoglobin in a Nafion‐Ionic Liquid Composite Film Modified Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode
Authors: Sun Wei , Li Xiaoqing , Jiao Kui 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this paper two kinds of ionic liquids (ILs) were used for the construction of a myoglobin (Mb) electrochemical biosensor. Firstly a hydrophilic ionic liquid of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4) was used as binder to prepare a carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE), then a Nafion and hydrophobic ionic liquid of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6) composite film was applied on the surface of the CILE. The direct electrochemistry of Mb in the Nafion‐BMIMPF6/CILE was achieved with the cathodic and anodic peak potentials located at −0.345 V and −0.213 V (vs. SCE). The formal potential (E°′) was located at −0.279 V, which was the characteristic of Mb FeIII/FeII redox couples. The electrochemical behaviors of Mb in the Nafion‐ionic liquid composite film modified CILE were carefully investigated. The Mb modified electrode showed good electrocatalytic behaviors to the reduction of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and NaNO2. Based on the Nafion‐BMIMPF6/Mb/CILE, a new third generation reagentless biosensor was constructed.