bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do neck levels negative on initial CT need to be dissected after definitive radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy?
Authors: Rao Nikhil G. , Sanguineti Giuseppe , Chaljub Gregory , Newlands Shawn D. , Qiu Suimin 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe extent of the adjuvant neck dissection after radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy remains undefined. We investigated whether we could limit neck dissection to levels with positive lymph nodes on CT scan before treatment.MethodsTwenty‐one patients' initial diagnostic CT scans were reviewed retrospectively and neck levels were scored positive for malignancy if the respective lymph nodes met any of the following: maximum axial diameter >1 cm; oval/round shape; hypodensity; presence of extracapsular penetration; and irregular enhancement. Patients were treated with radiation alone (71%) or with radiation plus chemotherapy (29%). Neck dissection consisted of radical (8 heminecks), modified radical (4 heminecks), or selective (13 heminecks).ResultsOne hundred two neck levels were dissected. Of these, 56 levels (54.9%) were negative on initial CT scan. None of them was found to contain cancer.ConclusionsAfter radiation with or without chemotherapy, neck dissection of an initially negative neck level may not be necessary. Neck dissection may target only initially positive levels. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Temporal monitoring of water level changes in Seyfe Lake using remote sensing
Authors: Reis Selcuk , Yilmaz Haci Murat 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe Earth's water resources are endangered by inconsiderate use, pollution and lack of conservation measures. Temporal monitoring is necessary for the conservation and usage planning of water resources and to make informed decisions. Seyfe Lake and its environs in Turkey is one of the most important water basins in the world, because it is a node on bird migration paths between Europe, Asia and Africa. For this reason, the International Council of Bird Preservation (ICBP) has registered 27 of the bird species living at Seyfe Lake on the conservation list. In this work, the temporal changes in the water surface area of Seyfe Lake and its environs, which are important for ecological, historical and tourism reasons, are investigated. The change of water surface in the lake is examined over a 26 year period using satellite images taken between 1975 and 2001. Landsat images from years 1975, 1987 and 2001 are used. The change is tracked from the images using an unsupervised classification method. A decrease of slightly more than 33% was observed in the water surface area this 26 year period. The temporal change indicated by the images was compared with the related meteorological data between 1975 and 2001. Over this time period, climate conditions (rainfall, temperature and evaporation) in the study area have been changed by approximately 21%. These changes could have affected the Lake surface area, but so also could external human interference around the Lake. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary lariciresinol attenuates mammary tumor growth and reduces blood vessel density in human MCF‐7 breast cancer xenografts and carcinogen‐induced mammary tumors in rats
Authors: Saarinen Niina M. , Wärri Anni , Dings Ruud P.M. , Airio Maarit , Smeds Annika I. , Mäkelä Sari 
Published: June 2008

AbstractLariciresinol is a dietary lignan that accounts for a significant portion of the total phytoestrogen intake from Western foods. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that high dietary intake of lignans and lariciresinol is associated with reduced breast cancer risk. However, no causal relationship between lariciresinol intake and breast cancer development has been established. In this study, we investigated for the first time the effects and possible mechanisms of action of lariciresinol on hormone responsive mammary cancer in vivo in dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mammary cancer in rats, and in human MCF‐7 breast cancer xenografts in athymic mice. For tumor bearing rats, lariciresinol (3 or 15 mg/kg of body weight) or vehicle was administered p.o. daily for 9 weeks. For E2‐maintained ovariectomized athymic mice bearing orthotopic MCF‐7 tumors, control diet (AIN‐93G) or lariciresinol containing diet (AIN‐93G supplemented with 20 or 100 mg of lariciresinol/kg of diet) was administered for 5 weeks. In both models, lariciresinol administration inhibited the tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. In MCF‐7 cells, enterolactone significantly inhibited the E2‐stimulated VEGF secretion. Moreover, in MCF‐7 xenografts, lariciresinol administration enhanced tumor cell apoptosis and increased estrogen receptor beta expression. Lariciresinol and its further metabolites secoisolariciresinol, enterodiol and enterolactone were found in serum of both rats and athymic mice confirming a similar lignan metabolism pattern as in humans. These findings indicate conceivable importance of dietary lignan lariciresinol in inhibition of breast cancer development. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
(−)Epigallocatechingallate protects the mitochondria against the deleterious effects of lipids, calcium and adenosine triphosphate in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted male Wistar rats
Authors: Devika P. T. , Prince P. Stanely Mainzen 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of (−)epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on mitochondrial lipids, lipid peroxides, Na+/K+ ATPase, calcium and adenosine triphosphate in isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction in male Wistar rats. Rats were pretreated with EGCG (30 mg kg–1 body weight) orally using an intragastric tube daily for a period of 21 days. After that, ISO (100 mg kg−1 body weight) was subcutaneously injected to rats at intervals of 24 h for two days. ISO induced rats showed significant increase in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids with subsequent decrease in the levels of phospholipids in mitochondrial fraction of the heart. ISO induction also caused significant increase in lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides) and significant decrease in the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase in mitochondrial fraction of the heart. A significant increase in the levels of calcium and significant decrease in the levels of adenosine triphosphate were observed in ISO‐induced mitochondrial heart. Prior treatment with EGCG (30 mg kg–1) significantly protected these alterations and maintained normal mitochondrial function. Thus, this study confirmed the protective effect of EGCG on mitochondria in experimentally induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of low‐level thermal inversions on estimated melt‐season characteristics in the central Canadian Arctic
Authors: Chutko Krystopher J. , Lamoureux Scott F. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDaily vertical temperature gradients were examined in order to infer melt‐event characteristics at an elevation relevant to basin‐scale snow and plateau ice‐melt studies in the Canadian Arctic. Surface and upper‐air temperature data from Resolute, Cornwallis Island, was used to estimate vertical lapse rates up to 300 m asl, and to identify the presence of inversions at that altitude. Lapse rates vary throughout the melt season and are substantially less than typically published generalized values. Thermal inversions are more frequent during the melt season than in the periods immediately before and after, suggesting a strong control on intraseasonal temperature patterns. In July, the period of maximum temperature in the Arctic, inversion frequency is highest and closely related to calculated melting degree‐days. Results show that increased summer mean temperature resulted in a substantial lengthening of estimated melt events, as opposed to increased event intensity. Increased inversion frequency leading to shallower vertical lapse rates since the late 1980s is speculated to be the result of synoptic‐scale climate patterns, and is potentially an important meteorological mechanism for enhanced glacial melt since the late 1980s. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Effectiveness of platinum and iridium in improving the resistance of Ni‐Al to thermal cycling in air–steam mixtures
Authors: Kartono R. , Young D. J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe aim of this work was to assess the value of platinum and iridium additions, with and without hafnium, to binary Ni‐Al alloys, intended to act as models for aluminide coatings. Attention was focused on a (γ + γ′) Ni‐22Al alloy, but comparisons were made withβ‐Ni‐50Al. All compositions are given in at%. Alloys were exposed to flowing gases at a total pressure of 1 bar for one thousand 1 h cycles at 1200 °C. Compared to binary Ni‐Al alloys, the Pt‐modified alloys performed much better (with or without Hf) in dry air. Thermal cycling in air + 12% H2O led to more rapid weight losses, due to enhanced spalling. Again, the addition of Pt was beneficial, but weight losses were still significant in the absence of Hf additions. A Ni‐22Al‐15Pt + Hf alloy slowly lost weight by scale spallation over 1000 cycles, but a Ni‐22Al‐30Pt + Hf alloy resisted weight loss. Partial substitution of Ir for Pt was beneficial in both wet and dry air. However, in the case of wet air, Hf additions were necessary to prevent slow spallation losses.
Effect of creep deformation on oxidation behavior of nickel‐based alloy with Re‐based diffusion barrier coating
Authors: Narita T. , Sakata M. , Nishimoto T. , Yoshioka T. , Hayashi S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOxidation and creep behaviors of a Ni‐Mo‐based alloy (Hastelloy‐X) with a diffusion barrier coating consisting of duplex, inner Re‐based alloy, and outer β‐NiAl layers were investigated at 1243 K in air with an external tensile stress of 22.5 MPa. For comparison the alloys, as‐received, heat treated, and with the Ni‐aluminide coating, were oxidized under creep deformation. Creep rapture time for the diffusion barrier‐coated alloy was longer than those for the bare alloy and with the β‐NiAl‐coated alloy. After creep deformation to a strain of 3.5% for 190 h, it was found that the Re‐based alloy layer has few cracks and flaws and the β‐NiAl layer has the similar structure and composition before and after the creep test. The external scale mainly consisted of θ‐Al2O3 at the early stage of creep, and with further oxidation the external scale became a duplex layer, inner, equi‐axed α‐Al2O3, and outer, plate‐like θ‐Al2O3, which exfoliated significantly. It was concluded that the Re‐based alloy layer acts effectively as a barrier against inward Al diffusion and outward diffusion of alloy elements under creep deformation.
Hot corrosion of coated and uncoated single crystal gas turbine materials
Authors: Simms N. J. , Encinas‐Oropesa A. , Nicholls J. R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSingle crystal superalloys were originally developed for use in the hot gas paths of aero‐engines with fuels and air that could both contain low levels of elements that had the potential to produce significant corrosive damage to these materials. However, in the development of power systems with increased efficiencies, single‐crystal materials are now being used in industrial gas turbines, which operate with higher levels of potentially corrosive elements. Therefore, the hot corrosion of single crystal materials, both bare and with coatings, is of interest in assessing the viability of their use in combusted gas environments that contain progressively higher levels of potentially damaging elements. The paper summarises work that has been carried out to investigate the hot corrosion of two single crystal alloys (CMSX‐4 and SC2‐B), both bare and with Pt‐Al coatings. A series of laboratory tests has been carried out using the ‘deposit replenishment’ technique to investigate the sensitivity of the corrosion damage to single crystal materials and coatings to a range of exposure conditions anticipated for gas turbines using combustion gases that contain high levels of potentially damaging elements. The exposure variables studied during the series of 500 h tests included:

Gas composition: the effects of different levels of SOx, HCl and steam in air;
deposition flux: the effects of 4/1 (Na/K)2SO4 deposits applied with deposition fluxes of 1.5, 5 and 15 µg/cm2/h.
temperature: 700 and 900 °C.

During the course of the tests, the performance of the materials was monitored using conventional mass‐change methods. But the main aim of the work was to develop predictive models for the hot corrosion damage to the materials in terms of metal loss. Such quantitative data on the damage to the materials in terms of metal losses have to be obtained using dimensional metrology: for this study this was carried out using pre‐exposure contact measurements and post‐exposure measurements of features on polished cross‐sections. These measurement methods have allowed distributions of damage data to be determined and permitted different approaches to corrosion modelling to be investigated and their viability to be assessed.
Effect of surface preparation on the durability of NiCoCrAlY coatings for oxidation protection and bond coats for thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Meier Jackson E. M. , Yanar N. M. , Maris‐Jakubowski M. C. , Onal‐Hance K. , Meier G. H. , Pettit F. S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA principal concern with alumina‐forming coatings for high‐temperature oxidation protection and bond coats (BCs) for ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) used in gas turbines is the spalling of the alumina scales during service. This paper describes the effects of BC surface preparation on the durability of NiCoCrAlY coatings exposed under thermal cycling conditions. State‐of‐the‐art TBC systems deposited by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD) with NiCoCrAlY overlay BCs were found to fail as the result of defects which included transient oxides, defects in the BC surface, defects in the as‐deposited microstructure of the TBC, and excessive oxidation of reactive element additions. In some instances, the TBC life was greatly extended by surface treatments, such as fine polishing. The oxidation behavior of NiCoCrAlY coatings, absent a TBC, was found to be sensitive to Y content and to surface preparation. This paper describes how a variety of surface treatments affected coating lives and failure mechanisms.
Therapy‐refractory tourette syndrome: Beneficial outcome with globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation
Authors: Dehning Sandra , Mehrkens Jan‐Hinnerk , Norbert Müller  , Bötzel Kai 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe report on a female patient with Tourette syndrome and a 12‐month follow‐up after chronic deep brain stimulation in the globus pallidus internus which resulted in excellent remission of motor and vocal tics. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Head and trunk rotation during walking turns in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Huxham Frances , Baker Richard , Morris Meg E. , Iansek Robert 
Published: June 2008

AbstractHead and trunk axial rotation during walking to align with a new path are integral components of direction change (turning). Turning is problematic in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), who appear to move en‐bloc when turning and when walking straight. Axial rotation has been little investigated in this group. Accordingly, head, thorax, and pelvis rotation relative to the laboratory axes (global rotation) was investigated in 10 patients with PD and 10 matched comparison subjects when walking straight and when turning 60 and 120°. Data were selected at three footfalls before and three after a pole denoting the corner. Although rotation was reduced overall in patients with PD, final differences were minimized by rotation commencing at an earlier step in the patient group. When rotation was measured at various distances relative to the corner, the patient group demonstrated greater rotation than their peers. In support of clinical observations, patients constrained thorax and pelvis closely together around the corner, while control subjects maintained a pattern of reciprocal oscillation when turning. Stride length reduction appears to contribute more to inefficient turning in PD than under‐scaled amplitude of rotation. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
A study of the 15N NMR chemical shifts in substituted anilines and phenylhydrazines, and their derivatives
Authors: Li Linsheng , Zhang Lina , Lan Yunjun , Zhang Changhui 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe analysis of 15N chemical shift data from over a hundred anilines, N‐methyl anilines, N,N‐dimethyl anilines and phenylhydrazines with substituents in the phenyl ring leads to an empirical equation, δcal = δon + Δo + Δm + Δp, for calculating 15N NMR chemical shifts of the amino group. This equation is based on a linear regression analysis using eighteen substituent parameters and leads to good conformity with the expected data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PNIPAAM Grafted Polymeric Monoliths Synthesized by the Reactive Gelation Process and their Swelling/Deswelling Characteristics
Authors: Mittal Vikas , Matsko Nadejda B. , Butté Alessandro , Morbidelli Massimo 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe production of macroporous monoliths functionalized with a thermo‐responsive polymer (PNIPAAM) is described. The surface functionalization was achieved by copolymerization of acrylic end capped atom transfer radical polymerization initiator (BPOEA) with divinylbenzene with or without styrene. Monoliths were generated by swelling them with styrene, BPOEA and divinylbenzene followed by gelation with salt and post polymerization. Subsequent grafting of these monoliths with PNIPAAM was achieved by atom transfer radical polymerization and their swelling deswelling characteristics quantified. The grafted monoliths provide a unique chromatographic stationary phase where adsorption/desorption can be driven by the use of temperature only.magnified image
A depth‐integrated, coupled SPH model for flow‐like landslides and related phenomena
Authors: Pastor M. , Haddad B. , Sorbino G. , Cuomo S. , Drempetic V. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn the past decades, flow‐like catastrophic landslides caused many victims and important economic damage around the world. It is therefore important to predict their path, velocity and depth in order to provide adequate mitigation and protection measures. This paper presents a model that incorporates coupling between pore pressures and the solid skeleton inside the avalanching mass. A depth‐integrated, coupled, mathematical model is derived from the velocity–pressure version of the Biot–Zienkiewicz model, which is used in soil dynamics. The equations are complemented with simple rheological equations describing soil behaviour and are discretized using the SPH method. The accuracy of the model is assessed using a series of benchmarks, and then it is applied to back‐analyse the propagation stage of some catastrophic flow‐like slope movements for which field data are available. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of pancreatic cancer using antibody microarray‐based serum protein profiling
Authors: Ingvarsson Johan , Wingren Christer , Carlsson Anders , Ellmark Peter , Wahren Britta , Engström Gunnel , Harmenberg Ulrika , Krogh Morten , Peterson Carsten , Borrebaeck Carl A. K. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe driving force behind oncoproteomics is to identify protein signatures that are associated with a particular malignancy. Here, we have used a recombinant scFv antibody microarray in an attempt to classify sera derived from pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients versus healthy subjects. Based on analysis of nonfractionated, directly labeled, whole human serum proteomes we have identified a protein signature based on 19 nonredundant analytes, that discriminates between cancer patients and healthy subjects. Furthermore, a potential protein signature, consisting of 21 protein analytes, could be defined that was shown to be associated with cancer patients having a life expectancy of <12 months. Taken together, the data suggest that antibody microarray analysis of complex proteomes will be a useful tool to define disease associated protein signatures.
Output feedback optimal guaranteed cost control of uncertain piecewise linear systems
Authors: Zhang Jianxiong , Tang Wansheng 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes the output feedback optimal guaranteed cost controller design method for uncertain piecewise linear systems based on the piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions technique. By constructing piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions for the closed‐loop augmented systems, the existence of the guaranteed cost controller for closed‐loop uncertain piecewise linear systems is cast as the feasibility of a set of bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs). Some of the variables in BMIs are set to be searched by genetic algorithm (GA), then for a given chromosome corresponding to the variables in BMIs, the BMIs turn to be linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), and the corresponding non‐convex optimization problem, which minimizes the upper bound on cost function, reduces to a semidefinite programming (SDP) which is convex and can be solved numerically efficiently with the available software. Thus, the output feedback optimal guaranteed cost controller can be obtained by solving the non‐convex optimization problem using the mixed algorithm that combines GA and SDP. Numerical examples show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the Qwiklite™ algal bioluminescence test with marine algal growth rate inhibition bioassays
Authors: Stauber Jenny L. , Binet Monique T. , Bao Vivien W. W. , Boge Jenny , Zhang Amy Q. , Leung Kenneth M. Y. , Adams Merrin S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAlthough marine algal bioassays based on growth rate inhibition over 72–96 h have been widely used to assess the toxicity of contaminants in waters and sediments, changes in pH over the test duration can lead to changes in contaminant speciation and consequently an under‐ or over‐estimation of toxicity. In addition, high cell densities are used in order to obtain a detectable response, further reducing the tests' environmental relevance in marine waters. There is a need for rapid acute tests with ecologically relevant test endpoints that may be used as surrogates for longer‐term chronic tests. This study compares the sensitivity and reproducibility of a rapid marine dinoflagellate (Pyrocystis lunula) bioluminescence test (QwikLite™) with standard algal growth rate bioassays (Nitzschia closterium and Entomoneis c.f. punctulata) using ammonia and several antifouling agents (tributyltin [TBT], copper, and diuron) as reference toxicants. QwikLite was of similar sensitivity to ammonia as standard algal growth rate tests, but was less sensitive to copper, diuron and TBT, with 24‐h EC50 values of 10 ± 1.1 mg N/L, 0.128 ± 0.021 mg Cu/L, 19 ± 13 mg diuron/L, and 0.226 ± 0.028 mg TBT/L. Inter‐test precision using different batches of P. lunula was generally acceptable. On the basis of NOEC values, QwikLite™ was more sensitive to copper and ammonia at 25°C than at 21°C. QwikLite™ shows promise as a rapid, inexpensive screening test for acute toxicity of contaminants in marine environments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2008.