bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical solution of general axisymmetric active earth pressure
Authors: Liu F. Q. , Wang J. H. , Zhang L. L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe active earth pressure of circular excavation is expected to be smaller than the plane strain active earth pressures. Using the plane strain active earth pressure coefficients in design is obviously a conservative approach. In this paper, an analytical solution is developed to determine the active earth pressure on inclined rough circular walls with sloping ground surface based on the results of slip line method. Two types of failure profiles are assumed for the slip lines behind the circular wall. The active earth pressures are then obtained by solving the differential equation in the direction of slip lines. The analytical solutions are compared with the results using the numerical formulation by Cheng et al. (Int. J. Geomech. 2007; 7(1):1–15). It is found that the difference between the analytical solution and the numerical solution is small when the inclination of the ground surface and the wall friction angle are small. Finally, design tables of the active earth pressure coefficients for vertical circular retaining walls with various angles of ground surface and wall friction angle are presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of unsaturated soils using various finite element formulations
Authors: Ravichandran Nadarajah , Muraleetharan Kanthasamy K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractUnsaturated soils are three‐phase porous media consisting of a solid skeleton, pore liquid, and pore gas. The coupled mathematical equations representing the dynamics of unsaturated soils can be derived based on the theory of mixtures. Solution of these fully coupled governing equations for unsaturated soils requires tremendous computational resources because three individual phases and interactions between them have to be taken into account. The fully coupled equations governing the dynamics of unsaturated soils are first presented and then two finite element formulations of the governing equations are presented and implemented within a finite element framework. The finite element implementation of all the terms in the governing equations results in the complete formulation and is solved for the first time in this paper. A computationally efficient reduced formulation is obtained by neglecting the relative accelerations and velocities of liquid and gas in the governing equations to investigate the effects of fluid flow in the overall behavior. These two formulations are used to simulate the behavior of an unsaturated silty soil embankment subjected to base shaking and compared with the results from another commonly used partially reduced formulation that neglects the relative accelerations, but takes into account the relative velocities. The stress–strain response of the solid skeleton is modeled as both elastic and elastoplastic in all three analyses. In the elastic analyses no permanent deformations are predicted and the displacements of the partially reduced formulation are in between those of the reduced and complete formulations. The frequency of vibration of the complete formulation in the elastic analysis is closer to the predominant frequency of the base motion and smaller than the frequencies of vibration of the other two analyses. Proper consideration of damping due to fluid flows in the complete formulation is the likely reason for this difference. Permanent deformations are predicted by all three formulations for the elastoplastic analyses. The complete formulation, however, predicts reductions in pore fluid pressures following strong shaking resulting in somewhat smaller displacements than the reduced formulation. The results from complete and reduced formulations are otherwise comparable for elastoplastic analyses. For the elastoplastic analysis, the partially reduced formulation leads to stiffer response than the other two formulations. The likely reason for this stiffer response in the elastoplastic analysis is the interpolation scheme (linear displacement and linear pore fluid pressures) used in the finite element implementation of the partially reduced formulation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On generalization of constitutive models from two dimensions to three dimensions
Authors: Khalili N. , Liu M. D. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a study is made of the generalization of constitutive models for geomaterials from two‐dimensional stress and strain states to three‐dimensional stress and strain states. Existing methods of model generalization are reviewed and their deficiencies are highlighted. A new method is proposed based on geometries of the model imprints on two normal planes. Using the proposed method, various three‐dimensional failure criterions suitable for geomaterials are implemented directly into a two‐dimensional model and the generalized model is identical to its original form for the axially symmetric condition. To demonstrate the application of the proposed method, the Modified Cam Clay model is extended using the Matsuoka–Nakai failure criterion. Simulations of soil behaviour for loading in the principal stress space are presented and analysed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional ultrasound of the urethral sphincter predicts continence surgery outcome
Authors: Digesu G. Alessandro , Robinson Dudley , Cardozo Linda , Khullar Vik 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAimTo assess the predictive value of three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound volumes of the urethral sphincter in women undergoing continence surgery.Materials and MethodsWomen with urodynamic stress incontinence undergoing to Burch colposuspension were prospectively studied using videocystourethrography (VCU), urethral pressure profilometry (UPP) and a 3D transvaginal ultrasound scan of the urethra. The total urethral sphincter volume, urethral volume, maximum cross sectional area, and rhabdosphincter volume were calculated, preoperatively. Surgical outcome was assessed at 6 months using VCU. Urethral function parameters were correlated to surgical outcomes using the Mann–Whitney U‐test.ResultsNinety‐one women were studied. Women who failed continence surgery had significantly smaller preoperative urethral sphincter volumes than those who had an objective cure (P < 0.001). UPP parameters were not found to be predictive of surgical outcome (P = 0.5).ConclusionsThe assessment of the urethral sphincter using a 3D ultrasound scan predicts the outcome of continence surgery. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:90–94, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clean intermittent self‐catheterization: A burden for the patient?
Authors: Kessler Thomas M. , Ryu Gloria , Burkhard Fiona C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAimTo assess patients' perception of clean intermittent self‐catheterization (CISC) for voiding dysfunction.Patients and MethodsA total of 101 patients performing CISC because of voiding dysfunction were invited to participate in this questionnaire survey. The response rate was 91% (92/101).ResultsThe mean time over which CISC was performed was 5 years (standard deviation (SD) ± 6.3) and the mean frequency of CISC per day was three times (SD ± 2). Almost 80% (72/92) of the patients perceived CISC as easy or very easy and CISC did not interfere at all or interfered a little bit with work or other regular daily activities in more than 80% (76/92). Almost 90% (80/92) reported no or minimal pain while performing CISC. This did not interfere at all or interfered a little bit with work or other regular daily activities in almost 90% (80/92). Quality of life improved considerably due to CISC in more than 60% (56/92) and 12% (11/92) complained of a deterioration. In multivariable analysis, severe pain performing CISC (odds ratio 20.9, 95% confidence interval 1.7–259.9, P = 0.018) was the only factor that predicted poor quality of life.ConclusionsThe majority of patients considered CISC to be an easy and painless procedure which did not interfere with daily activities. Consequently, quality of life improved in more than 60% of the patients. Therefore, CISC does not appear to be a burden for the patient and, from a patient's perspective, can be recommended. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:18–21, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is low bladder compliance predictive of detrusor overactivity?
Authors: Harding C. , Dorkin T.J. , Thorpe A.C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAimsBladder compliance (BC) expresses the relationship between bladder volume and bladder pressure and is generally regarded as a measure of bladder stiffness or distensibility. Many types of voiding dysfunction have been associated with low BC such as detrusor overactivity (DO). It has previously been reported that the presence of DO is an independent predictor of low BC. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of low BC for the diagnosis of idiopathic DO using ambulatory urodynamics as the gold standard investigation for comparison.MethodsAll patients with LUTS attending a single center for both conventional and ambulatory urodynamics over a 5‐year period were reviewed. The predictive value of various set levels of BC was compared using a receiver‐operator characteristics (ROC) curve in an attempt to find the optimal threshold of BC for the diagnosis of DO.Results162 patients were identified and following exclusions 143 (88%) data sets were suitable for analysis. The mean (s.d.) BC in the 99 patients with DO was 92 (80) ml/cm H2O compared to 112 (91) ml/cm H2O in those who did not show DO on ambulatory urodynamics. This difference was not statistically significant according to a non‐parametric Mann–‐Whitney test (P = 0.22). Furthermore no set threshold of BC was able to provide sufficient accuracy for the diagnosis of DO. The area under the curve was less than 0.5 (0.47) indicating a level of accuracy less than “chance”.ConclusionsLow bladder compliance is not predictive of DO in our series. It is imperative to note that our results are obtained from a cohort comprising predominantly female patients without BOO and is therefore different to previous reports concentrating on male patients with BOO. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:74–77, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is there a relationship between glomerular filtration rate and detrusor overactivity in women?
Authors: Schimpf Megan O. , O'Sullivan David M. , Steinberg Adam C. , LaSala Christine A. , Tulikangas Paul K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAimsThe relationship of detrusor overactivity (DO) to neuromuscular causes is well established, but a connection to kidney function has not yet been studied. We sought to evaluate whether patients with DO have differences in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).MethodsAfter Institutional Review Board approval, we collected data from all patients who underwent urodynamic testing in our office from September 1, 2006 to February 28, 2007 and calculated eGFR using the equation derived from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study.ResultsData were collected on 359 patients, who had a mean eGFR for all patients of 82.99 ml/min/1.73 m2 (±22.2). The patients were divided into groups by the presence or absence of DO on filling cystometry. There was no significant difference in eGFR between the patients with and without DO (80.9 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs. 84.4, P = 0.290).ConclusionsKidney function does not differ between patients with or without DO. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:202–204, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trends in adult stature of peoples who inhabited the modern Portuguese territory from the Mesolithic to the late 20th century
Authors: Cardoso H. F. V. , Gomes J. E. A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis study documents long‐term changes in stature from the Mesolithic to the late 20th century in the territory of modern Portugal. Data utilised originated from published sources and from a sample of the Lisbon identified skeletal collection, where long bone lengths were collected. Mean long bone lengths were obtained from 20 population samples and compiled into nine periods. Pooled long bone lengths for each period were then converted to stature estimates. Results show three major trends: (1) a slow increase in stature from prehistory to the Middle Ages; (2) a negative trend from the Middle Ages to the late 19th century; and (3) a very rapid increase in mean stature during the second half of the 20th century. The political and territorial stability of the Kingdom of Portugal may have contributed to the greater heights of the medieval Portuguese, compared with the Roman and Modern periods. The negative secular trend was rooted in poor and unsanitary living conditions and the spread of infectious disease, brought about by increased population growth and urbanisation. Although the end of the Middle Ages coincided with the age of discoveries, the population may not have benefited from the overall prosperity of this period. The 20th century witnessed minor and slow changes in the health status of the Portuguese, but it was not until major improvements in social and economic conditions that were initiated in the 1960s, and further progress in the 1970s, that the Portuguese grew taller than ever before. Since the Middle Ages other European countries have experienced similar oscillations, but showed an earlier recovery in stature after the industrial period. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The eagle owl (Bubo bubo) as a leporid remains accumulator: taphonomic analysis of modern rabbit remains recovered from nests of this predator
Authors: Lloveras L. , Moreno‐García M. , Nadal J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe eagle owl (Bubo bubo) is the main leporid predator among nocturnal raptors. Although its role as an accumulator of leporid remains in archaeological sites has already been demonstrated, the taphonomic signature of this predator has not been properly characterised. Here we present the analysis of two samples of modern leporid remains recovered from eagle owls' nests with the aim of contributing new data to this subject. Results show that although variability occurs, the observed anatomical representation, breakage and digestion patterns allow us to distinguish this raptor from other rabbit predators. Finally, several characteristic features are noted to distinguish eagle owls as agents of leporid bone accumulations in the fossil record. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative effects of weight adjustments in ℋ︁∞control
Authors: Anderson Brian D. O. , Lanzon Alexander , Dehghani Arvin , Bombois Xavier 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn an ℋ︁∞design, when weights are adjusted, corresponding modifications occur in the synthesized ℋ︁∞controller and the resulting closed‐loop transfer function matrices of interest. In this paper, we seek to understand and provide quantitative results on how weight adjustments directly affect an ℋ︁∞controller and, more importantly, the corresponding closed‐loop transfer function matrices. Here, we explore issues such as whether one can find the new controller as a perturbation of the original controller. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Octreotide therapy in asparaginase‐associated pancreatitis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wu Shu‐Fen , Chen An‐Chyi , Peng Ching‐Tien , Wu Kang‐Hsi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractLittle is known about octreotide therapy in asparaginase‐associated pancreatitis (AAP) in children. Of the 59 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving E. coli L‐asparaginase, 5 patients (8.5%) developed AAP. Octreotide was administered to four patients. Clinical and laboratory improvement were evident after octreotide therapy. There were no deaths and no severe adverse side effects were noted. No pseudocysts were detected; however, two of the four patients developed diabetes. One child without octreotide treatment developed chronic pancreatitis and pseudocyst. We conclude that octreotide therapy appears to be safe and potentially beneficial in the management of AAP in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:824–825. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dabigatran: oral prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Frostick Simon 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDabigatran (Pradaxa) is a new orally active antithrombotic agent licensed for VTE prophylaxis following hip and knee replacement. In our New products review Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects and Professor Simon Frostick comments on its place in therapy. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Access to evidence (1): how to prioritise online resources
Authors: Hunter Jo , Glasziou Paul 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGPs often turn to the Internet for help with clinical questions, but with an ever‐increasing volume of information available online it can be difficult to know where to begin. Here, using Haynes' 4S model, the authors discuss how to carry out Internet research to answer clinical queries. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Formation of nanovoids/microcracks in high dose hydrogen implanted AlN
Authors: Singh R. , Scholz R. , Christiansen S. H. , Gösele U. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAluminium nitride (AlN) epitaxial layers grown on sapphire were implanted with 100 keV hydrogen, H2+ ions with doses in the range of 5 × 1016 cm–2 to 2.5 × 1017 cm−2 and subsequently annealed at temperatures up to 800 °C in order to observe the formation of surface blisters. The implantation‐induced damage in AlN was analyzed by cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy, which revealed a band of defects extending from 330–550 nm from the surface of AlN. Higher magnification TEM images showed the formation of nanovoids that are distributed in the damage band. Upon annealing these nanovoids agglomerate leading to the formation of microcracks. Due to the overpressure of hydrogen trapped in the microcracks, surface blisters are eventually formed in the hydrogen implanted AlN. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improved adhesion, growth and maturation of human bone‐derived cells on nanocrystalline diamond films
Authors: Kopecek Milan , Bacakova Lucie , Vacik Jiri , Fendrych Frantisek , Vorlicek Vladimir , Kratochvilova Irena , Lisa Vera , Van Hove Emilie , Mer Christine , Bergonzo Philippe , Nesladek Milos 
Published: August 2008

AbstractNanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films were deposited on microscopic glass slides using the MW PECVD method (20 Torr, 710 °C, 0.8–1% CH4). After the growth period, the films were oxidized and subsequently hydrogenated, and some of them were doped with boron (NCD‐B; 3,000–30,000 ppm B:C; leading to ρ ∼ 10–1 Ω cm for the highest doped films). The neutron depth profiling showed that in the near surface region (<800 nm) the boron (10B + 11B) content in the highest doped sample was about (1.9 ± 0.3) × 1021 B cm–3 (i.e., 1.1 ± 0.2 at% of B). The films were seeded with human osteoblast‐like MG 63 cells (∼17,000 cells/cm2). On day 3 after seeding, the cell number on NCD (56,280 ± 1,090 cells/cm2) was significantly higher than that on NCD‐B (by 27 ± 3%), glass slides (by 22 ± 3%) and polystyrene wells (by 36 ± 3%). On day 7, the cell numbers on both NCD and NCD‐B films (351,170 ± 16,530 cells/cm2 and 310,020 ± 10,410 cells/cm2, respectively) became significantly higher than the values on glass slides and polystyrene dishes (218,800 ± 12,340 cells/cm2 and 223,400 ± 9,290 cells/cm2, respectively). Immunofluorescence staining showed that the cells on both NCD films assembled fine streak‐ or dot‐like focal adhesion plaques containing alphav integrins or talin, and a mesh‐like beta‐actin cytoskeleton. The cells on NCD‐B were brightly stained for osteocalcin, an important marker of osteogenic differentiation. Thus, both tested nanocrystalline diamond films gave good support for the adhesion, growth and maturation of bone‐derived cells. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and structural studies of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors by electrodeposition
Authors: Tortosa M. , Mollar M. , Marí B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBecause of the emerging interest in spintronics, the possibility to obtain diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) by means of electrodeposition has been tested. In this work, we report on the preparation and characterization of ternary Zn1–xCoxO and Zn1–xMnxO alloy crystalline films grown by electrodeposition onto conductive substrates and using DMSO as solvent. The final composition of the films is controlled through the Co/Zn and Mn/Zn ratio present in the starting solution. Electrodeposited ternary Zn1–xCoxO and Zn1–xMnxO films were characterized of by X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and optical spectroscopy. EDS results confirm the existence of Co and Mn ions into the films. All films exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite structure mainly oriented in the (002) direction. The incorporation of Co and Mn atoms into the ZnO lattice is confirmed by the presence of Co‐ and Mn‐related absorption bands. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chemical solution deposited PbS thin films on Si(100)
Authors: Osherov Anna , Golan Yuval 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe effect of reagent concentrations and deposition temperature on the morphology of chemical solution deposited PbS thin films on Si(100) substrates was studied using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of laser profile, fluence, and spot size on sensitivity in orthogonal‐injection matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Qiao Hui , Spicer Victor , Ens Werner 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe influence of incident laser parameters on sensitivity in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) has been investigated using orthogonal‐injection time‐of‐flight (TOF) instruments. A qualitative comparison was first made between the beam profiles obtained with a N2 laser and a Nd:YAG laser using 2‐m long optical fibers. The N2 laser gives better sensitivity, consistent with a more uniform fluence distribution and therefore better coverage of the N2 laser profile. Most of the difference disappears when a 30‐m long fiber is used or when the fibers are twisted during irradiation to smooth out the fluence distribution. In more systematic measurements, the total integrated ion yield from a single spot (a measure of sensitivity) was found to increase rapidly with fluence to a maximum, and then saturate or decrease slightly. Thus, the optimum sensitivity is achieved at high fluence. For a fluence near threshold, the integrated yield has a steep (cubic) dependence on the spot size, but the yield saturates at higher fluence for smaller spots. The area dependence is much weaker (close to linear) for fluence values above saturation, with the result that the highest integrated yields per unit area are obtained with the smallest spot sizes. The results have particular relevance for imaging MALDI, where sensitivity and spatial resolution are important figures of merit. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of finite‐time stabilizing controllers for nonlinear dynamical systems
Authors: Nersesov Sergey G. , Nataraj C. , Avis Jevon M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFinite‐time stability involves dynamical systems whose trajectories converge to an equilibrium state in finite time. Since finite‐time convergence implies nonuniqueness of system solutions in reverse time, such systems possess non‐Lipschitzian dynamics. Sufficient conditions for finite‐time stability have been developed in the literature using Hölder continuous Lyapunov functions. In this paper, we extend the finite‐time stability theory to revisit time‐invariant dynamical systems and to address time‐varying dynamical systems. Specifically, we develop a Lyapunov‐based stability and control design framework for finite‐time stability as well as finite‐time tracking for time‐varying nonlinear dynamical systems. Furthermore, we use the vector Lyapunov function approach to study finite‐time stabilization of compact sets for large‐scale dynamical systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.