bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative alignment between gas structures and magnetic field in Orion A at different scales using different molecular gas tracers
Authors: Jiao Wenyu , Wang Ke , Xu Fengwei , Wang Chao , Beuther Henrik 
Published: March 2024

Context. Magnetic fields can play a crucial role in high-mass star formation. Nonetheless, the significance of magnetic fields at various scales and their relationship with gas structures have been largely overlooked.
Aims. Our goal is to examine the relationship between the magnetic field and molecular gas structures within the Orion A giant molecular cloud at different scales and density regimes.
Methods. We assessed the gas intensity structures and column densities in Orion A using 12CO, 13CO, and C18O from Nobeyama observations. By comparing Nobeyama observations with Planck polarization observations on large scales (~0.6 pc) and JCMT polarization observations on small scales (~0.04 pc), we investigate how the role of magnetic fields changes with scale and density.
Results. We find a similar trend from parallel to perpendicular alignment with increasing column density in Orion A at both large and small spatial scales. In addition, when changing from low-density to high-density tracers, the relative orientation preference changes from random to perpendicular. The self-similar results at different scales indicate that magnetic fields are dynamically important in both cloud formation and filament formation. However, magnetic field properties at small scales are relative complicated, and the interplay between magnetic field and star-forming activity needs to be discussed case by case.
Formation of long-period post-common envelope binaries
Authors: Belloni Diogo , Zorotovic Monica , Schreiber Matthias R. , Parsons Steven G. , Moe Maxwell , Garbutt James A. 
Published: March 2024

Context. It has been claimed for more than a decade that energies other than orbital and thermodynamic internal are required to explain post-common envelope (CE) binaries with sufficiently long orbital periods (≳1 d) hosting AFGK-type main-sequence stars (∼0.5 − 2.0 M⊙) paired with oxygen-neon white dwarfs (≳1.1 M⊙). This would imply a completely different energy budget during CE evolution for these post-CE binaries in comparison to the remaining systems hosting M dwarfs and/or less massive white dwarfs.
Aims. In this first in a series of papers related to long-period post-CE binaries, we investigated whether extra energy is required to explain the currently known post-CE binaries with sufficiently long orbital periods consisting of oxygen-neon white dwarfs with AFGK-type main-sequence star companions.
Methods. We carried out binary population simulations with the BSE code adopting empirically derived inter-correlated main-sequence binary distributions for the initial binary population and assuming that the only energy, in addition to orbital, that help to unbind the CE is thermal energy. We also searched for the formation pathways of the currently known systems from the zero-age main-sequence binary to their present-day observed properties.
Results. Unlike what has been claimed for a long time, we show that all such post-CE binaries can be explained by assuming inefficient CE evolution, which is consistent with results achieved for the remaining post-CE binaries. There is therefore no need for an extra energy source. We also found that for CE efficiency close to 100%, post-CE binaries hosting oxygen-neon white dwarfs with orbital periods as long as one thousand days can be explained. For all known systems we found formation pathways consisting of CE evolution triggered when a highly evolved (i.e. when the envelope mass is comparable to the core mass), thermally pulsing, asymptotic giant branch star fills its Roche lobe at an orbital period of several thousand days. Due to the sufficiently low envelope mass and sufficiently long orbital period, the resulting post-CE orbital period can easily be several tens of days.
Conclusions. We conclude that the known post-CE binaries with oxygen-neon white dwarfs and AFGK-type main-sequence stars can be explained without invoking any energy source other than orbital and thermal energy. Our results strengthen the idea that the most common formation pathway of the overall population of post-CE binaries hosting white dwarfs is through inefficient CE evolution.
Évaluation des effets d’une formation à l’intervention éducative brève en contexte d’urgence bucco-dentaire chez des étudiants chirurgiens-dentistes
Authors: Rodriguez-Perron Isabelle , Azogui-Levy Sylvie , De Andrade Vincent , Gagnayre Rémi , Margat Aurore 
Published: March 2024

Introduction : L’appropriation des messages destinés aux patients lors d’une consultation aux urgences bucco-dentaires est primordiale. Pour l’améliorer, la formation des futurs professionnels de santé à l’Éducation Thérapeutique du Patient précédant la sortie d’hospitalisation (ETP-sh) et aux principes de littératie en santé, semble essentielle. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les effets d’une formation à l’intervention éducative brève (type ETP-sh) en contexte d’urgence, menée auprès d’étudiants en 6ème année d’études odontologiques. Méthode : Il s’agit d’évaluer la satisfaction et l’effet sur le sentiment de compétence des participants (étudiants en dernière année d’études odontologiques) à une formation à l’ETP-sh en contexte d’urgence bucco-dentaire, par une étude descriptive, analytique, avant/après intervention. Résultats : Dix-huit étudiants ont été inclus (sur 48 soit, 37,5 % de taux de participation) dont, selon un questionnaire auto-administré, 94 % ont déclaré être satisfaits des objectifs et méthodes de la formation. L’évaluation des scores de sentiment de compétence montre une augmentation significative après la formation. (Pré : 1,2 ± 0,071 ; Post : 1,9 ± 0,063 ; p < 0,05). Discussion : Les bénéfices des formations à ce type d’intervention ont été montrés pour les participants dans différents milieux professionnels. Les relations entre les interventions en littératie en santé et ETP et l’intérêt de développer un modèle pédagogique spécifique a été montré, notre démarche s’inscrit dans cette idée et devrait être développée plus avant pour y participer. Ce qui s’inscrirait aussi dans la volonté de diminuer les inégalités sociales de santé et leurs rapports avec l’ETP. Conclusion : L’inclusion d’une formation aux interventions éducatives brèves dans le cursus de formation initiale des étudiants en odontologie serait bénéfique pour les participants, en termes de relation soignant-soigné, de confiance en leurs capacités et au-delà, pour la qualité de soins des établissements.
Ethics and Food Scientists: Duties, Issues and Dilemmas
Authors: Early Ralph 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Food scientists, as food industry professionals employed by the diversity of food businesses that collectively define food systems, possess moral agency. They have the potential to act for the moral good or the moral evil and should always advocate for the moral good. Codes of professional conduct for the profession of food scientist published by professional bodies representing food scientists and food technologists (henceforth referred to exclusively as food scientists) express standards of behaviour and aspects of ethical conduct required of those who follow such careers. By their advisory nature, the codes are understandably restricted in scope. Moral issues may originate within food businesses or arise externally due to other factors (e.g. government policy making). Codes of professional conduct cannot be expected to encompass concepts in moral philosophy or explain methods of assessing and dealing with moral issues. The purpose of this case study is to invite students to explore concepts in moral philosophy and discuss ways in which they relate to the moral obligations of food scientists. It outlines methods in applied ethics of value to analysing and resolving moral issues encountered within food systems and the food industry.

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Moderation of [Bi3+/Na1+] molar ratio for enhancement of dielectric and energy storage properties of NaNbO3 ceramics
Authors: Babeer Afaf M , Ezzeldien Mohammed , Ali Anwar Farag , Mahmoud Abd El-razek 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Lead-free (Na1−3xBix)(Nb0.75Ti0.25)O3 (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.125 and 0.15) (NN-BT) ceramics were synthesized using solid-state reaction technique. The effect of Bi3+ into the crystal structure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of NNT ceramics were investigated. Pure NNT shows present perovskite structure with orthorhombic crystal structure at x ≤ 0.125, while Na3NbO8-NaNbO3 composite phase has been detected at x = 0.15. The tolerance factor (τ) decreased from 0.97 (x = 0.0) to 0.82 (0.15) which signified the composition deviated from perovskite structure at 0.15. Significant enhancement of dielectric constant at room temperature has been achieved by increasing Bi-content and the maximum value (∼1500) obtained at 0.1. The largest value of maximum polarization (Pmax) and smallest value of remnant polarization (Pr) were achieved at x = 0.1 due to orthorhombic NaNbO3 and rhombohedral (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 coexistence phases. The substitution of monovalent (Na1+) by trivalent (Bi3+) lead to create sodium vacancies into the A-sites of NNT lattice subsequently increased the cations disorder and charge misfit. The maximum recoverable energy storage density (Wrec = 17.5 J cm−3) and energy storage efficiency (η = 80%) were achieved at x = 0.1, E ∼ 700 kV cm−1. Partially, (NNTB0.1) exhibit an outstanding stability of energy storage properties in terms of temperature range (25 to 150 °C) and frequency stability (2–20Hz). The present results imply the moderation ratio of Bi/Na plays an important role for enhancement of energy storage properties of NaNbO3 anti-ferroelectric ceramics.
Beyond (and back to) Palatini quadratic gravity and inflation
Authors: Dioguardi Christian , Racioppi Antonio , Tomberg Eemeli 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We study single-field slow-roll inflation embedded in Palatini F(R) gravity where F(R) grows faster than R
2. Surprisingly, the consistency of the theory requires the Jordan frame inflaton potential to be unbounded from below. Even more surprisingly, this corresponds to an Einstein frame inflaton potential bounded from below and positive definite. We prove that for all such Palatini F(R)'s, there exists a universal strong coupling limit corresponding to a quadratic F(R) with the wrong sign for the linear term and a cosmological constant in the Jordan frame. In such a limit, the tensor-to-scalar ratio r does not depend on the original inflaton potential, while the scalar spectral index ns
does. Unfortunately, the system is ill-defined out of the slow-roll regime. A possible way out is to upgrade to a F(R,X) model, with X the Jordan frame inflaton kinetic term. Such a modification essentially leaves the inflationary predictions unaffected.
Effect of diphenylalanine on the functional activity of porphyrin and non-porphyrin photosensitizers solubilized by Pluronic F127
Authors: Aksenova N A , Shershnev I V , Kardumyan V V , Chernyak A V , Timashev P S , Solovieva A B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The effect of the diphenylalanine (Phe-Phe) amino acid on the rate of tryptophan photooxidation catalyzed by photosensitizers (PS) of different natures: dimegin (DMG), fluorinated tetraphenylporphyrin (FTPP), photoditazine (PD) and methylene blue (MB) was studied. It was shown that in the presence of Phe-Phe, the effective constant of photooxidation of the substrate catalyzed by DMG, PD and MB in the aqueous phase decreases. However, the introduction of the amphiphilic polymer Pluronic F127 into the systems allows not only to restore, but also to increase the activity of the PS in the processes of photosensitized oxidation. In particular, the activity of dimegin solubilized by Pluronic F127 in the presence of Phe-Phe is higher than the activity of both pure porphyrin and solubilized DMG. In addition, the activity of the hydrophobic FTPP solubilized by Pluronic also increases. At the same time, a study of the luminescence of singlet oxygen generated by solubilized FTPP in the absence and presence of Phe-Phe revealed that the dipeptide does not influence the processes of 1О2 generation. It was suggested that micellar catalysis influences the activity of solubilized PS in the presence of a biologically active dipeptide.
Functional brain network controllability dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease and its relationship with cognition and gene expression profiling
Authors: Zheng Chuchu , Xiao Xiaoxia , Zhao Wei , Yang Zeyu , Guo Shuixia ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. In recent studies, network control theory has been applied to clarify transitions between brain states, emphasizing the significance of assessing the controllability of brain networks in facilitating transitions from one state to another. Despite these advancements, the potential alterations in functional network controllability associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), along with the underlying genetic mechanisms responsible for these alterations, remain unclear. Approach. We conducted a comparative analysis of functional network controllability measures between patients with AD (n = 64) and matched normal controls (NCs, n = 64). We investigated the association between altered controllability measures and cognitive function in AD. Additionally, we conducted correlation analyses in conjunction with the Allen Human Brain Atlas to identify genes whose expression was correlated with changes in functional network controllability in AD, followed by a set of analyses on the functional features of the identified genes. Main results. In comparison to NCs, patients with AD exhibited a reduction in average controllability, predominantly within the default mode network (DMN) (63% of parcellations), and an increase in average controllability within the limbic (LIM) network (33% of parcellations). Conversely, AD patients displayed a decrease in modal controllability within the LIM network (27% of parcellations) and an increase in modal controllability within the DMN (80% of parcellations). In AD patients, a significant positive correlation was found between the average controllability of the salience network and the mini-mental state examination scores. The changes in controllability measures exhibited spatial correlation with transcriptome profiles. The significant genes identified exhibited enrichment in neurobiologically relevant pathways and demonstrated preferential expression in various tissues, cell types, and developmental periods. Significance. Our findings have the potential to offer new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying alterations in the controllability of functional networks in AD. Additionally, these results offered perspectives for a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies for AD.
Computational modeling of dorsal root ganglion stimulation using an Injectrode
Authors: Bhowmick Sauradeep , Graham Robert D , Verma Nishant , Trevathan James K , Franke Manfred , Nieuwoudt Stephan , Fisher Lee E , Shoffstall Andrew J , Weber Douglas J , Ludwig Kip A , Lempka Scott F 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Minimally invasive neuromodulation therapies like the Injectrode, which is composed of a tightly wound polymer-coated Platinum/Iridium microcoil, offer a low-risk approach for administering electrical stimulation to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). This flexible electrode is aimed to conform to the DRG. The stimulation occurs through a transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) patch, which subsequently transmits the stimulation to the Injectrode via a subcutaneous metal collector. However, it is important to note that the effectiveness of stimulation through TES relies on the specific geometrical configurations of the Injectrode-collector-patch system. Hence, there is a need to investigate which design parameters influence the activation of targeted neural structures. Approach. We employed a hybrid computational modeling approach to analyze the impact of Injectrode system design parameters on charge delivery and neural response to stimulation. We constructed multiple finite element method models of DRG stimulation, followed by the implementation of multi-compartment models of DRG neurons. By calculating potential distribution during monopolar stimulation, we simulated neural responses using various parameters based on prior acute experiments. Additionally, we developed a canonical monopolar stimulation and full-scale model of bipolar bilateral L5 DRG stimulation, allowing us to investigate how design parameters like Injectrode size and orientation influenced neural activation thresholds. Main results. Our findings were in accordance with acute experimental measurements and indicate that the minimally invasive Injectrode system predominantly engages large-diameter afferents (Aβ-fibers). These activation thresholds were contingent upon the surface area of the Injectrode. As the charge density decreased due to increasing surface area, there was a corresponding expansion in the stimulation amplitude range before triggering any pain-related mechanoreceptor (Aδ-fibers) activity. Significance. The Injectrode demonstrates potential as a viable technology for minimally invasive stimulation of the DRG. Our findings indicate that utilizing a larger surface area Injectrode enhances the therapeutic margin, effectively distinguishing the desired Aβ activation from the undesired Aδ-fiber activation.
A long secondary linear traction motor analysis based on electromagnetic-thermal-fluid coupling
Authors: Shi Qiying , Wen Cheng , Wang Ruiqi , Chang Wei , Han Jiacheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The temperature analysis of the motor is critical for its functioning and durability as it has a significant impact on enhancing its efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to design a rational water cooling system for the Double-sided Linear Flux Switching Permanent Magnet motor (DLFSPM), thereby reducing the adverse effects of temperature rise. This paper conducts electromagnetic fluid and thermal analyses of DLFSPM. It also designs a rational cooling structure to reduce the temperature rise while running thereby contributing to its operation reliability. The electromagnetic-thermal-fluid coupling model provides a feasible solution for reducing the temperature increase of the DLFSPM motor under rated operating conditions, thereby enhancing its overall performance.
Performance analysis of flat plate heat pipe and heat pump heating device based on solar energy
Authors: Zhang Shan , Li Zhiyong , Han Bo , Cai Jiaxing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To solve the problem of poor heating performance of air source heat pumps when the air temperature is relatively low, this paper proposes a flat heat pipe and heat pump heating device based on solar energy. The device can store solar energy and continuously replenish the heat pump. The performance of the device is studied through experiments and simulation calculations. The results show that the difference in temperature between the evaporating section and the condensing section of the flat heat pipe is about 1°C, which shows that the heat pipe has good thermal conductivity. The device can produce a temperature rise of 7~61°C for the air entering the heat pump, which can realize the purpose of heat replenishment for the heat pump. Under the premise of no heat supply, the device can continuously heat -5°C fresh air to 5°C within 3.6 hours through the storage of solar energy. It shows that the device has good heat storage capacity. The above research shows that the device can realize the function of continuous replenishment of air source heat pump by solar energy, and has certain practical application value.
A study on the effect of temperature rise on the effectiveness of detecting typical defects in rubber-impregnated paper sleeves
Authors: Cheng Lifeng , Cui Lv , Zhou Zhengqin , Zhang Jing , Liu Yi , Wan Chengde , Cai Yuru 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Epoxy rubber-impregnated paper casing has the advantages of stable electrical performance, explosion-proof function, small volume, lightweight, etc., and has been widely used in transformer casing and through-wall casing. However, its manufacturing process is complex, which makes it easy to produce defects in the production process, and it is difficult to detect certain defects in the test at room temperature. To study the partial discharge and dielectric loss characteristics of typical defects of rubber-impregnated paper bushings after temperature rise, we designed and prepared defective bushings with moisture, metal particles, and core cracks, and measured the partial discharge pattern and dielectric loss factor of the bushings after they were heated to a certain temperature. The results show that the core crack defective casing discharge increases more after heating, followed by moisture defective casing, and metal particles defective casing has the smallest impact, indicating that for the temperature rise test in the thermal state of the core crack, moisture defective casing detection effect is better. The results of the study can provide certain references and guidance for the factory inspection and troubleshooting of rubber-impregnated paper casing.
An auxiliary optimization method for electric heating renovation based on using a clustering algorithm
Authors: Li Yayun , Ma Longfei , Zeng Jiani , Lu Siyue , Du Mingjun , Wang Siyuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The large amount of pollutants emitted by coal heating in winter is one of the main causes of haze, which brings great trouble to people’s lives. To reduce air pollution caused by coal burning and improve air quality, the state advocates the transformation of traditional electric heating methods to accelerate the transformation of China’s energy system to a clean and low-carbon model and improve the utilization rate of renewable energy in China. Therefore, this article through the calculation of the residual capacity of the retrofit and the calculation of the air conditioning load to assist the electric heating transformation. Firstly, the average power of the transformer during a high power period is calculated instead of taking the maximum power directly, which solves the problem of small residual capacity caused by a large maximum load rate and maximizes the transformable capacity. Secondly, the cluster analysis of air conditioning heating as one of the typical electric heating methods is carried out by the K-means clustering method, and the air conditioning load is obtained as the data reference during the electric heating transformation to assist the optimization transformation of electric heating. The two methods are further studied and verified by two examples, and the theory guides the practice to assist the electric heating transformation and achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction.