bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical implications of blockchain technology in biomedical research
Authors: Rubeis Giovanni 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Definition of the problem
Biomedical research based on big data offers immense benefits. Large multisite research that integrates large amounts of personal health data, especially genomic and genetic data, might contribute to a more personalized medicine. This type of research requires the transfer and storage of highly sensitive data, which raises the question of how to protect data subjects against data harm, such as privacy breach, disempowerment, disenfranchisement, and exploitation. As a result, there is a trade-off between reaping the benefits of big-data-based biomedical research and protecting data subjects’ right to informational privacy.

Arguments
Blockchain technologies are often discussed as a technical fix for the abovementioned trade-off due to their specific features, namely data provenance, decentralization, immutability, and access and governance system. However, implementing blockchain technologies in biomedical research also raises questions regarding consent, legal frameworks, and workflow integration. Hence, accompanying measures, which I call enablers, are necessary to unleash the potential of blockchain technologies. These enablers are innovative models of consent, data ownership models, and regulatory models.

Conclusion
Blockchain technologies as a technical fix alone is insufficient to resolve the aforementioned trade-off. Combining this technical fix with the enablers outlined above might be the best way to perform biomedical research based on big data and at the same time protect the informational privacy of data subjects.
Long-term survival and clinical outcomes of delayed chest closure following lung transplantation
Authors: Hirama Takashi , Akiba Miki , Ui Masahiro , Shibata Saori , Tomiyama Fumiko , Watanabe Tatsuaki , Watanabe Yui , Notsuda Hirotsugu , Suzuki Takaya , Oishi Hisashi , Niikawa Hiromichi , Noda Masafumi , Okada Yoshinori 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purposes
Delayed chest closure (DCC) is a widely accepted procedure in the context of lung transplantation (LTx); yet there are few reports detailing its long-term survival and clinical outcomes.

Methods
We reviewed the medical records of recipients who underwent deceased-donor lung transplantation (LTx) at Tohoku University Hospital. Long-term survival, including overall survival, freedom from chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), and CLAD-free survival and the clinical outcomes of graft function and physical performance and constitution were reviewed in recipients with DCC.

Results
Between 2009 and 2022, 116 patients underwent LTx, 33 of whom (28.4%) required DCC. The intra—and post-operative courses of the recipients who required DCC were more complicated than those of the recipients who underwent primary chest closure (PCC), with frequent volume reduction surgery and longer periods of invasive mechanical ventilation. Pulmonary vascular disease was considered a risk factor for these complications and DCC. Nonetheless, long-term survival and graft functions were comparable between the DCC and PCC groups. The physical performance and constitution of recipients who required DCC continued to improve, and by 2 years after transplantation, exhibited almost no difference from those who underwent PCC.

Conclusions
In view of the profoundly complicated intra- and post-operative courses, DCC should be performed cautiously and only when clinically indicated, despite which it can result in equivalent long-term survival and acceptable outcomes to PCC.
Host and geography impact virus diversity in New Zealand’s longfin and shortfin eels
Authors: Waller Stephanie J. , Egan Eimear , Crow Shannan , Charsley Anthony , Lokman P. Mark , Williams Erica K. , Holmes Edward C. , Geoghegan Jemma L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe fishing and aquaculture industry is vital for global food security, yet viral diseases can result in mass fish die-off events. Determining the viromes of traditionally understudied species, such as fish, enhances our understanding of the global virosphere and the factors that influence virome composition and disease emergence. Very little is known about the viruses present in New Zealand’s native fish species, including the shortfin eel (Anguilla australis) and the longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii), both of which are fished culturally by Māori (the indigenous population of New Zealand) and commercially. Through a total RNA metatranscriptomic analysis of longfin and shortfin eels across three different geographic locations in the South Island of New Zealand, we aimed to determine whether viruses had jumped between the two eel species and whether eel virome composition was impacted by life stage, species, and geographic location. We identified nine viral species spanning eight different families, thereby enhancing our understanding of eel virus diversity in New Zealand and the host range of these viral families. Viruses of the family Flaviviridae (genus Hepacivirus) were widespread and found in both longfin and shortfin eels, indicative of cross-species transmission or virus-host co-divergence. Notably, both host specificity and geographic location appeared to influence eel virome composition, highlighting the complex interaction between viruses, hosts, and their ecosystems. This study broadens our understanding of viromes in aquatic hosts and highlights the importance of gaining baseline knowledge of fish viral abundance and diversity, particularly in aquatic species that are facing population declines.
Energy price reform to mitigate transportation carbon emissions in oil-rich economies
Authors: Shannak Sa’d A. , Mikayilov Jeyhun I. , Dua Rubal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examines the impact of domestic fuel prices, population, and economic activity on transport CO2emissions, employing Saudi Arabia as a case study. The research uncovers statistically significant long-term associations between these variables. Despite transport CO2emissions demonstrating slight responsiveness to fuel price alterations, with estimated elasticity values between – 0.1 and – 0.15, the study affirms the relevance and timeliness of the Saudi government's strategy to curtail fuel incentives. Projections for a 2030 scenario, encompassing heightened economic activity aspirations and further escalations in domestic fuel prices to mirror true market costs, revealed a 1.8 percent annual reduction in transport CO2emissions from 2021 to 2030 compared to a scenario with unchanging fuel prices. The insights from this study bear significance not only for Saudi Arabia but also for other oil-rich nations striving to pave the way toward a sustainable transportation future.
Trained quantity discrimination in the invasive red-eared slider and a comparison with the native stripe-necked turtle
Authors: Lin Feng-Chun , Shaner Pei-Jen Lee , Hsieh Ming-Ying , Whiting Martin J. , Lin Si-Min 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Little is known about the behavioral and cognitive traits that best predict invasion success. Evidence is mounting that cognitive performance correlates with survival and fecundity, two pivotal factors for the successful establishment of invasive populations. We assessed the quantity discrimination ability of the globally invasive red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). We further compared it to that of the native stripe-necked turtle (Mauremys sinensis), which has been previously evaluated for its superior quantity discrimination ability. Specifically, our experimental designs aimed to quantify the learning ability as numerosity pairs increased in difficulty (termed fixed numerosity tests), and the immediate response when turtles were presented with varied challenges concurrently in the same tests (termed mixed numerosity tests). Our findings reaffirm the remarkable ability of freshwater turtles to discern numerical differences as close as 9 vs 10 (ratio = 0.9), which was comparable to the stripe-necked turtle’s performance. However, the red-eared slider exhibited a moderate decrease in performance in high ratio tests, indicating a potentially enhanced cognitive capacity to adapt to novel challenges. Our experimental design is repeatable and is adaptable to a range of freshwater turtles. These findings emphasize the potential importance of cognitive research to the underlying mechanisms of successful species invasions.
CRP under 130 mg/L rules out the diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (URINELLA Study)
Authors: Klopfenstein Timothée , Zayet Souheil , Poloni Samantha , Gendrin Vincent , Fournier Damien , Vuillemenot Jean-Baptiste , Selles Philippe , Dussaucy Alain , Coureau Gaelle , Avalos-Fernandez Marta , Toko Lynda , Royer Pierre-Yves , Lavoignet Charles-Eric , Amari Bouchra , Puyraveau Marc , Chirouze Catherine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
In case of pneumonia, some biological findings are suggestive for Legionnaire’s disease (LD) including C-reactive protein (CRP). A low level of CRP is predictive for negative Legionella Urinary-Antigen-Test (L-UAT).

Method
Observational retrospective study in Nord-Franche‐Comté Hospital with external validation in Besançon University Hospital, France which included all adults with L-UAT performed during January 2018 to December 2022. The objective was to determine CRP optimal threshold to predict a L-UAT negative result.

Results
URINELLA included 5051 patients (83 with positive L-UAT). CRP optimal threshold was 131.9 mg/L, with a negative predictive value (NPV) at 100%, sensitivity at 100% and specificity at 58.0%. The AUC of the ROC-Curve was at 88.7% (95% CI, 86.3–91.1). External validation in Besançon Hospital patients showed an AUC at 89.8% (95% CI, 85.5–94.1) and NPV, sensitivity and specificity was respectively 99.9%, 97.6% and 59.1% for a CRP threshold at 131.9 mg/L; after exclusion of immunosuppressed patients, index sensitivity and NPV reached also 100%.

Conclusion
In case of pneumonia suspicion with a CRP level under 130 mg/L (independently of the severity) L-UAT is useless in immunocompetent patients with a NPV at 100%. We must remain cautious in patients with symptoms onset less than 48 h before CRP dosage.
Artificial intelligence in the detection of non-biological materials
Authors: Eibschutz Liesl , Lu Max Yang , Abbassi Mashya T. , Gholamrezanezhad Ali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force within medical imaging, making significant strides within emergency radiology. Presently, there is a strong reliance on radiologists to accurately diagnose and characterize foreign bodies in a timely fashion, a task that can be readily augmented with AI tools. This article will first explore the most common clinical scenarios involving foreign bodies, such as retained surgical instruments, open and penetrating injuries, catheter and tube malposition, and foreign body ingestion and aspiration. By initially exploring the existing imaging techniques employed for diagnosing these conditions, the potential role of AI in detecting non-biological materials can be better elucidated. Yet, the heterogeneous nature of foreign bodies and limited data availability complicates the development of computer-aided detection models. Despite these challenges, integrating AI can potentially decrease radiologist workload, enhance diagnostic accuracy, and improve patient outcomes.
Simulating cable corridors based on terrestrial LiDAR data
Authors: Retzlaff Carl O. , Gollob Christoph , Nothdurft Arne , Stampfer Karl , Holzinger Andreas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article introduces a new basis for optimising cable corridor layouts in timber extraction on steep terrain by using a digital twin of a forest. Traditional approaches for generating cable corridor layouts rely on less accurate contour maps, which can lead to layouts which rely on infeasible supports, undermining confidence in the generated layouts. We present a detailed simulational approach which uses high-resolution tree maps and digital terrain models to compute realistic representations of all possible cable corridors in a given terrain. We applied established methods in forestry to compute feasible cable corridors in a designated area, including rope deflection, determining sufficient tree anchors and placing intermediate supports where necessary. The proposed individual cable corridor trajectories form the foundation for an optimised overall layout that enables a reduction of installation and operation costs and promotes sustainable timber extraction practices on steep terrain. As a next step we aim to mathematically optimise the layout of feasible cable corridors based on multiple criteria (cost, ergonomic aspects, ecological aspects), and integrate the results into an user-friendly workflow.
Sun Dual Theory For Bi-Continuous Semigroups
Authors: Kruse K. , Schwenninger F.L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract The sun dual space corresponding to a strongly continuous semigroup is a known concept when dealing with dual semigroups, which are in general only weak
$$^*$$

∗

-continuous. In this paper we develop a corresponding theory for bi-continuous semigroups under mild assumptions on the involved locally convex topologies. We also discuss sun reflexivity and Favard spaces in this context, extending classical results by van Neerven.
Language as a Source of Epistemic Injustice in Organisations
Authors: Wilmot Natalie Victoria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough there is now a substantial body of literature exploring the effects of language diversity in international management contexts, little attention has been paid to the ethical dimensions of language diversity at work. This conceptual paper draws on the concept of epistemic injustice in order to explore how language, and in particular corporate language policies, may act as a source of epistemic injustice within the workplace. It demonstrates how language competence affects credibility judgements about a speaker, and also considers how corporate language policies can create situations of hermeneutic injustice, in which marginalised groups are denied the vocabularies to understand their own experiences. Finally, ways in which such epistemic harms can be reduced are discussed, and the possibilities for management education to create epistemically responsible managers are highlighted.
Moral Economy and the Ethics of the Real Living Wage in UK Football Clubs
Authors: Dobbins Tony , Prowse Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReal living wages (RLWs) are an important ethical and moral policy to ensure that employees earn enough to live on. In providing ‘a fair day's pay for a fair day's work’, they set an ethical foundation for liveability. This article explores the ethics and moral economy of the RLW for lower-paid staff in the overlooked economy context of UK professional football, illustrated by a qualitative case study of Luton Town Football Club (LTFC). The article provides theoretical insights grounded in moral economy concepts about how a RLW contributes to a broader common good means of enabling fuller human participation in decent working and living conditions. Applying these concepts using a multi-disciplinary moral economy interpretation offers deeper theoretical contributions than economistic interpretations restricted to mainly technocratic economic distributive issues. LTFC are evidently ethically embedded in a moral economy as a local community club paying a RLW, and part of the overlooked economy. The research also contributes to contemporary debates on ‘Common Good’ HRM regarding the role of living wages in addressing grand common good challenges like inequality and quality of working lives.
Characteristics and situational aspects of seafood fraud: a comparative crime script analysis
Authors: Lawrence Sophie , van Ruth Saskia , Elliott Christopher , Huisman Wim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSeafood fraud is a global concern. High-value products with a diversity of species, production methods and fishery origins provide a business environment that is both conducive to criminality and financially lucrative. However, there is scarce empirical evidence on the nature of seafood fraud. This study aims to increase the understanding of deceptive practices in the seafood industry, the crime commission process and to identify possible intervention points. Ten case studies that had resulted in successful prosecutions were analysed using performed crime scripts to understand the actors, resources, processes, fraud techniques, conditions and the payment, sale and distribution of illicit products through legitimate supply chains. The crime scripts for each fraud were created using open-source intelligence, including media sources, publicly available court filings and company records. Similar to other white-collar offences, fraud opportunity was facilitated by leveraging existing resources, relationships and industry reputation to enable and conceal fraudulent practices. In all cases, fraud was perpetrated by senior management, undermining internal control mechanisms. Other fraud enablers included the availability and pricing of substitute products, lack of end-to-end traceability and the inability of supply chain actors, including consumers, to detect fraud. Also notable was the extent of employee involvement, so this paper considers impediments to external disclosure, particularly for migrant workers. The study enriches the food fraud literature by using crime script analysis to understand preparation, execution, and opportunity structures of seafood fraud. By emphasising the nature of fraudulent activities in specific markets, rather than solely focusing on perpetrators, it offers a more comprehensive approach to understanding environmental and situational influences. These insights, scarce in the current literature, are vital for shaping effective intervention strategies.
School Entry-Age Effect on Student’s Affective–Motivational Attitudes in German Elementary Schools
Authors: Ghosh Saikat , Kleine Lydia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe effect of school entry age on children’s later performance is a long-debated topic without any convergence. Besides, existing studies have mostly limited themselves to examining the impact of entry age on children’s cognitive achievements. In Germany, where different entry-age regulations exist across federal states and academic tracking takes place very early, it is crucial to investigate whether these differential school entry ages affect children’s outcomes. This study, based on the longitudinal data available from the National Educational Panel Study, investigates the possible entry-age effect on children’s willingness to make an effort and their school enjoyment in the German elementary school context. The study found a positive entry-age effect only for willingness to make an effort but not for school enjoyment, and the existing entry-age effect decreases over time. Therefore, empirical evidence confirms that, in Germany, the entry-age effect persists in the short run and some child outcomes seem more sensitive to entry age than others. These are important findings in the German context where students’ academic tracking starts from lower secondary schooling and entry-age effects may significantly influence it.
Hybridizing Motivational Strains: How Integrative Models Are Crucial for Advancing Motivation Science
Authors: King Ronnel B. , Fryer Luke K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis special issue was motivated by the realization that student motivation is inherently complex and no single framework can capture it in its full richness. However, the current zeitgeist in educational psychology seems to explicitly discourage attempts at integration as researchers are incentivized to stay within their own theoretical camps. In this special issue, we asked seven research teams to revisit their theoretical assumptions and cross-fertilize their own theories with other frameworks. We also invited three distinguished luminaries to critique and comment on this undertaking. We highlighted key issues that prevent cross-fertilization of ideas across theoretical borders, surfaced potential dangers associated with naïve integration, and proffered future directions that could nudge motivation science towards a more cumulative and integrative approach.
The effect of copper reduction on the control of downy mildew in Mediterranean grapevines
Authors: Roda Rafael , Prats-Llinàs María Teresa , Forcadell Sergi , Mazzieri Marcelo , Calvo-Garrido Carlos , Nadal Montse , de Lamo Sergi , Ferrer-Gallego Raúl 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe application of copper-based fungicides has led to the problematic accumulation of copper in the soil of many European vineyards. In this work, we tested the effectiveness of downy mildew control strategies that considerably reduce the amount of copper, through the application of other non-toxic compounds. The study took place in three different regions of Catalonia, by combining smaller and larger-scale trials for two growing seasons. Although variations among experiments were detected, the treatments used here may reduce the applied copper content by up to 77 percent. The cooper reduction-strategies, which alternated standard copper application of copper oxychloride with applications of products based on Equisetum arvense L., or with applications of products with heptagluconic acid (an alternative formulation with a very low-rate of copper), provided the most consistent protection against downy mildew. Moreover, these treatments reduced copper inputs by 63 and 47 percent as compared to conventional treatments based on repeated applications of copper oxychloride. This work underlines the possibility of reducing the amount of copper applied to control downy mildew in Mediterranean vineyards, through the use of newly-developed formulations.
Too Much Self-Control?
Authors: Altehenger Hannah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough it seems commonsensical to say that one cannot merely have too little, but also too much self-control, the philosophical debate has largely focused on failures of self-control rather than its potential excesses. There are a few notable exceptions. But, by and large, the issue of having too much self-control has not received a lot of attention. This paper takes another careful look at the commonsensical position that it is possible to have too much self-control. One key insight that will emerge is that there are certain important confusions surrounding this view. Once these are removed, however, we are led to the conclusion that there need not be anything intrinsically problematic about being a paragon of self-control.