bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel and Highly Efficient Method for the Direct Conversion of Aryl Aldehyde Bisulfite Adducts to Their Aryl Trimethylsilyl Ethers in a One‐Pot Manner Catalyzed by Montmorillonite K‐10.
Authors: Khodaei Mohammad M. , Khosropour Ahmad R. , Abbasi Jamshide 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Enantioselective Michael Addition in the Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates.
Authors: Jaszay Zsuzsa M. , Nemeth Gabor , Pham Truong Son , Petnehazy Imre , Gruen Alajos , Toeke Laszlo 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Functionalized Vinylgermanes Through a New Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Marciniec Bogdan , Lawicka Hanna , Majchrzak Mariusz , Kubicki Maciej , Kownacki Ireneusz 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Aminoalkyl Cation Equivalents. Part 1. One‐Pot Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected Enantiopure S‐(Aminoalkyl)cysteine Derivatives.
Authors: Bolognese Adele , Fierro Olga , Guarino Daniela , Longobardo Luigi , Caputo Romualdo 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A General Route to the Streptomyces‐Derived Inthomycin Family: The First Synthesis of (+)‐Inthomycin B.
Authors: Webb Michael R. , Donald Craig , Taylor Richard J. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Application of [γ‐(Silyloxy)allylidene]ditin to the Efficient Synthesis of the Chromophore of the Neocarzinostatin Dihydroxycyclopentene‐Based Dienediyne Core.
Authors: Madec David , Ferezou Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Monodisperse Ferromagnetic Metal Particles: Synthesis by Chemical Routes, Size Control and Magnetic Characterizations
Authors: Toneguzzo Philippe , Viau Guillaume , Fievet Fernand 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aminopeptidase‐N/CD13 (EC 3.4.11.2) Inhibitors: Chemistry, Biological Evaluations, and Therapeutic Prospects
Authors: Bauvois Brigitte , Dauzonne Daniel 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure—Function Relationships of EcDOS, a Heme‐Regulated Phosphodiesterase from Escherichia coli
Authors: Sasakura Yukie , Yoshimura‐Suzuki Tokiko , Kurokawa Hirofumi , Shimizu Toru 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Methods for Speciation of Metals in Soils
Authors: D'Amore J. J. , Al‐Abed S. R. , Scheckel K. G. , Ryan J. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
σ‐Silane Ruthenium Complexes: The Crucial Role of Secondary Interactions
Authors: Lachaize Sébastien , Sabo‐Etienne Sylviane 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe bonding coordination mode of various silanes to ruthenium complexes is discussed on the basis of a detailed analysis of NMR, IR, X‐ray and DFT data. It is now more and more obvious that a continuum exists between the two extreme situations, i.e. formation of a σ‐silane complex or Si–H bond breaking leading to oxidative addition. Within this continuum, secondary interactions involving Si and H play a significant role, in particular for the stabilization of unusual structures or as intermediates in exchange processes. Here, we highlight the criteria allowing the best description of the different bonding modes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Constructions of 2‐cover‐free families and related separating hash families
Authors: Li P. C. , van Rees G. H. J. , Wei R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCover‐free families (CFFs) were considered from different subjects by numerous researchers. In this article, we mainly consider explicit constructions of (2; d)‐cover‐free families. We also determine the size of optimal 2‐cover‐free‐families on 9, 10, and 11 points. Related separating hash families, which can be used to construct CFFs, are also discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 14: 423–440, 2006
Commuting decompositions of complete graphs
Authors: Akbari Saieed , Herman Allen 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe say that two graphs G and H with the same vertex set commute if their adjacency matrices commute. In this article, we show that for any natural number r, the complete multigraph K is decomposable into commuting perfect matchings if and only if n is a 2‐power. Also, it is shown that the complete graph Kn is decomposable into commuting Hamilton cycles if and only if n is a prime number. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs
Comparative study of microglia activation induced by amyloid‐beta and prion peptides: Role in neurodegeneration
Authors: Garção Pedro , Oliveira Catarina R. , Agostinho Paula 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion‐related encephalopathies (PRE) are dominated by microglia activation. Several studies have reported that the amyloid‐beta (Aβ) peptides, which are associated with AD, and the pathogenic isoform of prion protein (PrPSc) have a crucial role in neuronal death and gliosis that occur in both of these disorders. In this study, we investigate whether Aβ and PrPSc cause microglia activation per se and whether these amyloidogenic peptides differentially affect these immunoeffector cells. In addition, we also determined whether substances released by Aβ‐ and PrP‐activated microglia induce neuronal death. Cultures of rat brain microglia cells were treated with the synthetic peptides Aβ1–40, Aβ1–42 and PrP106–126 for different time periods. The lipopolysaccharide was used as a positive control of microglia activation. Our results show that Aβ1–40 and PrP106–126 caused similar morphological changes in microglia and increased the production of nitric oxide and hydroperoxides. An increase on inducible nitric oxide synthase expression was also observed in microglia treated with Aβ1–40 or PrP106. However, these peptides affected in a different manner the secretion of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) secretion. In cocultures of microglia‐neurons, it was observed that microglia treated with Aβ1–40 or PrP106–126 induced a comparable extent of neuronal death. The neutralizing antibody for IL‐6 significantly reduced the neuronal death induced by Aβ‐ or PrP‐activated microglia. Taken together, the data indicate that Aβ and PrP peptides caused microglia activation and differentially affected cytokine secretion. The IL‐6 released by reactive microglia caused neuronal injury. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maximum intraoperative elongation of the rat sciatic nerve with tissue expander: Functional, neurophysiological, and histological assessment
Authors: Arnaoutoglou Christina M. , Sakellariou Aikaterini , Vekris Marios , Mitsionis Grigoris I. , Korompilias Anastasios , Ioakim Elli , Harhantis Antonia , Beris Alexandros 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the maximum rapid intraoperative elongation of the rat sciatic nerve with the use of tissue expander, and its possible functional recovery. One hundred and eight rats were divided into five groups, and their right sciatic nerves were expanded with a 10‐cc, 12‐cc, 14‐cc, 16‐cc, and 18‐cc expander, respectively, for 1 h. The functional recovery of the nerve was assessed at intervals up to 3 months, using the sciatic function index (SFI), neurophysiological indices, and histology. The maximum intraoperative elongation was observed in group IV (16‐cc volume of tissue expander), at about 23.83%. SFI decreased between the first and seventh postoperative days, but gradually recovered, reaching preoperative values in all groups according to the formulas of De Medinaceli et al. (Exp. Neurol. 77:634–643, 1982) and Bain et al. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 83:129–136, 1989). Latency and motor conduction velocity demonstrated deterioration after expansion, which peaked after surgery. Recovery was gradually completed by the end of the experiment. The histological findings indicated minor aberrations immediately after expansion and maximal demyelination with axonal disruption on day 15. The reparative process started by day 30 and continued until day 90, when almost no histological changes were observed. In conclusion, intraoperative nerve expansion successfully elongates the rat sciatic nerve up to 23.83%. But it causes functional and morphological abnormalities, which are of moderate to severe degree, are of short duration, and are reversible. Intraoperative nerve expansion might be a valuable solution in the treatment of short nerve gaps, but its clinical application still needs to be evaluated. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2006
A recursive factorization method for the metric affine projection model
Authors: Fujiki Jun , Kurata Takeshi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe task of reconstructing camera motion and the shapes of objects from multiple images is a fundamental and important one in computer vision. Although among the reconstruction methods, the batch processing factorization method proposed by Tomasi and Kanade gives mathematically stable and good reconstruction results, it requires computational time that increases proportionately with the number of images handled and thus cannot be easily applied to real‐time processing. This paper proposes a recursive factorization method for a metric affine projection model, which allows a factorization method to be applied to real‐time processing. The proposed method makes it possible to minimize the sizes of the matrices handled and to shorten the computational time significantly while realizing a reconstruction accuracy comparable to that of motion matrices, by lossless compression of the motion information of the motion matrices by means of principal component analyses. In addition, the proposed method facilitates the processing of occlusion points and the addition of feature points. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(7): 83–93, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10134
Dynamic texture: A physically based 2D animation system
Authors: Aoki Masakatsu , Shinya Mikio , Tsutsuguchi Ken 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe authors developed a method (the Dynamic Texture method) to create realistic texture images for the purpose of creating CG animations. In their method, a skeleton representing a dynamic framework is specified for the given image. Dynamic simulation is then applied to this, and realistic movement of the skeleton can be created. By deforming the original image in concert with the skeleton, realistic animations can be created. The way in which this method is most different from conventional approaches is that a 3D model is not required. In other words, a characteristic of this method is that realistic animations can be created without the involved effort of 3D modeling. The authors used trees and grass swaying in the wind and a person walking as example objects and performed experiments that yielded good results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(6): 73–81, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10200
A genetic algorithm for the optimization of cable routing
Authors: Ma Xuan , Iida Kazuhiro , Xie Mengchun , Nishino Junji , Odaka Tomohiro , Ogura Hisakazu 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn this paper the authors propose a structural method for a genetic algorithm (GA) for the optimization problem of cable routing in which cables have to be laid optimally. When there are no limits on the layout routes, the optimal routes for the individual cables can be found using the Dijkstra method in a finite discrete graph. However, when there are limits on the capacity in the layout routes, optimization cannot be performed using the Dijkstra method. The proposed GA is a two‐level hierarchical GA that uses chromosome coding involving two levels. The routes for each cable and the combinations of cable routes are defined respectively, and layout route selection is optimized overall through genetic operations involving these levels. Block crossover and block mutation are used as genetic operations in the first level. In addition, a method to take advantage of lethal genes, which do not satisfy the constraints and are generated in the second level is used. Computer simulations confirm that the two‐level hierarchical GA with these genetic operations functions effectively for the optimization problem of cable routing. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(7): 61–71, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10250
3D flow estimation using perspective and parallel projection images
Authors: Shimamura Jun , Fujii Kensaku , Arakawa Kenichi , Arikawa Tomohiko 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn this paper, the authors discuss a new method for using perspective projection image sequences and approximated parallel projection images that were generated from multiple perspective projection images to estimate the 3D flow representing the motion of a target in space. This technique uses the light ray information of multiple perspective projection images that were obtained by capturing the target at different positions to generate the approximated parallel projection images, which are projected in multiple ray directions. It then uses the optical flows that were obtained from both the perspective projection image sequence and approximated parallel projection image sequence to estimate the 3D flow of the measurement points. A feature of this technique is that using images that were projected in the ray directions of the measurement points that were established on a perspective projection image as the approximated parallel projection image sequence corresponding to the perspective projection image sequence makes it unnecessary to map pixel values between stereo images, which is required in the conventional technique. The authors verified through experiments that this technique enabled approximated parallel projection images to be generated and the 3D flow to be estimated satisfactorily by using them. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(7): 47–60, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20258
Bubble-driven liquid flows
Authors: Durst F. , Schönung B. , Selanger K. , Winter M. 
Published: April 2006

Detailed information is provided in this paper on the physics of momentum transfer in bubble-driven liquid flows. Experimental information is obtained on the flow around bubbles and on the axisymmetric bubble-driven liquid flow inside liquid-filled cylinders located with their axes in the vertical direction. A laser-Doppler anemometer extended for particulate two-phase flows is employed for these measurements to yield local fluid velocity information as well as the rise velocity of bubbles. The bubble top radius and the bubble shape were also found from these measurements.Utilizing experimentally gained information and employing the basic equations for particulate two-phase flows, permits finite difference equations to be formulated that allow bubble-driven liquid flows to be computed. Results are presented for boundary conditions corresponding to those of the experimental studies. Comparisons of numerical and experimental results are shown to be in good agreement. This is taken as a justification to employ the developed computer programs to carry out parameter studies for bubble-driven liquid flow inside circular cylinders. Results of these studies are presented and discussed.
Mixing and chemical reactions in a turbulent liquid mixing layer
Authors: Koochesfahani M. M. , Dimotakis P. E. 
Published: April 2006

An experimental investigation of entrainment and mixing in reacting and non-reacting turbulent mixing layers at large Schmidt number is presented. In non-reacting cases, a passive scalar is used to measure the probability density function (p.d.f.) of the composition field. Chemically reacting experiments employ a diffusion-limited acid–base reaction to directly measure the extent of molecular mixing. The measurements make use of laser-induced fluorescence diagnostics and high-speed, real-time digital image-acquisition techniques.Our results show that the vortical structures in the mixing layer initially roll-up with a large excess of fluid from the high-speed stream entrapped in the cores. During the mixing transition, not only does the amount of mixed fluid increase, but its composition also changes. It is found that the range of compositions of the mixed fluid, above the mixing transition and also throughout the transition region, is essentially uniform across the entire transverse extent of the layer. Our measurements indicate that the probability of finding unmixed fluid in the centre of the layer, above the mixing transition, can be as high as 0.45. In addition, the mean concentration of mixed fluid across the layer is found to be approximately constant at a value corresponding to the entrainment ratio. Comparisons with gas-phase data show that the normalized amount of chemical product formed in the liquid layer, at high Reynolds number, is 50% less than the corresponding quantity measured in the gas-phase case. We therefore conclude that Schmidt number plays a role in turbulent mixing of high-Reynolds-number flows.
The limiting behaviour of turbulence near a wall
Authors: Chapman Dean R. , Kuhn Gary D. 
Published: April 2006

Three different Navier-Stokes computational models of incompressible viscoussublayer turbulence have been developed. Comparison of computed turbulence quantities with experiment is made for the mean streamwise velocity, Reynolds stress, correlation coefficient and dissipation; for the r.m.s. fluctuation intensities of streamwise vorticity, Reynolds stress and three velocity components; and for the skewness and flatness of fluctuating streamwise velocity and Reynolds stress. The comparison is good for the first three of these quantities, and reasonably good for most of the remainder.Special computer runs with a very fine mesh and small Courant number were made to define the limiting power-law behaviour of turbulence near a wall. Such behaviour was found to be confined to about 0.3 wall units from the wall, and to be: linear for streamwise turbulence, spanwise turbulence, vorticity normal to the wall, and for the departures from their respective wall values of dissipation, streamwise vorticity and spanwise vorticity; second power for turbulence normal to the wall; third power for Reynolds stress; and a constant value of the correlation coefficient for Reynolds stress. A simple physical explanation is given for the third-power variation of Reynolds stress and for the broad generality of this limiting variation.Applications are made to Reynolds-average turbulence modelling: damping functions for Reynolds stress in eddy-viscosity models are derived that are compatible with the near-wall limiting behaviour; and new wall boundary conditions for dissipation ink-ε models are developed that are similarly compatible.
Secondary bifurcations of Taylor vortices into wavy inflow or outflow boundaries
Authors: Iooss G. 
Published: April 2006

Experiments of Andereck et al. (1986) with corotating cylinders, show that Taylor-vortex flow (TVF) can bifurcate into one of the following cellular flows: wavy vortices (WV), twisted vortices (TW), wavy inflow boundaries (WIB), wavy outflow boundaries (WOB). We describe here the structure of these different flows, showing how they result from simple symmetry breaking. Moreover we consider the codimension-two situation where WIB and WOB interact, since this is an observed physical situation.The method used in this paper is based on symmetry arguments. It differs notably from the Liapunov-Schmidt reduction used in particular by Golubitsky & Stewart (1986) on the same problem with counter-rotating cylinders. Here we take into account all the dynamics, instead of restricting the study to oscillating solutions. In addition to the standard oscillatory modes, we have a translational mode due to the indeterminacy of TVF under the shifts along the axis. We derive an amplitude-expansion procedure which allows the translational mode to depend on time. Our amplitude equations have nevertheless a simple structure because the oscillatory modes have a precise symmetry. They break, in general, the rotational invariance and they are either symmetric or antisymmetric with respect to the plane z = 0. Moreover, the most typical cases are when either of these modes has the same axial period as TVF or when their axial period is double this. This leads to four different cases which are shown to give WV, TW, WIB or WOB, all these flows being ‘rotating waves’, i.e. they are steady in a suitable rotating frame.Finally we consider the interaction between WIB and WOB that occurs when, at the onset of instability, the two critical modes arise simultaneously. In this case we show in particular that there may exist a stable quasi-periodic flow bifurcating from WIB or WOB. The two main frequencies are those of underlying WIB and WOB, while there may exist a third frequency corresponding to a slow superposed travelling wave in the axial direction.The method was used in the counter-rotating case for interacting non-axisymmetric modes (see Chossat et al. 1986). One of the original contributions here is not only to clarify the origin of all observed bifurcations from TVF, but also to handle the translational mode which may not stay small. This technique combined with centre-manifold and equivariance techniques may be helpful for many problems starting with orbits of solutions, such as the TVF considered here.