bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Binaphthyl‐Bridged Salen Zirconium Catalyst Affording Atactic Poly(propylene) and Isotactic Poly(α‐olefins)
Authors: Lamberti Marina , Consolmagno Mariacarmela , Mazzeo Mina , Pellecchia Claudio 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSummary: A binaphthyl‐bridged salen dichlorozirconium (IV) complex that displays an octahedral structure with a trans‐O, cis‐N, and cis‐Cl arrangement was synthesized and tested as a precatalyst for ethylene and α‐olefin polymerization. While use of methylaluminoxane (MAO) cocatalyst afforded poor catalytic activity, activation by mixtures of aluminium alkyls such as AliBu3 and either MAO or [CPh3][B(C6F5)4] resulted in reasonable polymerization activities for ethylene, propene, and higher α‐olefins. Quite unexpectedly, while the polymerization of propene results in the production of a high‐molecular‐weight stereoirregular polymer, highly isotactic polymers are obtained under similar conditions from polymerization of 1‐butene, 1‐pentene, and 1‐hexene.Polymerization employing the binaphthyl‐bridged salen dichlorozirconium (IV) complex gave unexpected different stereospecificities for the polymerization of propene and higher α‐olefins, to yield ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight atactic poly(propylene) and highly isotactic polymers, respectively.magnified imagePolymerization employing the binaphthyl‐bridged salen dichlorozirconium (IV) complex gave unexpected different stereospecificities for the polymerization of propene and higher α‐olefins, to yield ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight atactic poly(propylene) and highly isotactic polymers, respectively.
Co‐regulation of B‐Myb expression by E2F1 and EGF receptor
Authors: Hanada Norihisa , Lo Hui‐Wen , Day Chi‐Ping , Pan Yong , Nakajima Yusuke , Hung Mien‐Chie 
Published: November 2005

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is frequently over‐expressed in human cancers and is associated with tumorigenesis, and increased tumor proliferation and progression. Also found in breast tumors with high levels is B‐Myb, a transcription factor whose expression is activated by E2F1/3 at the late G1 phase and the level is sustained through the S phase. Recent reports suggest a casual correlation between EGFR and B‐Myb expression in primary breast carcinomas. However, the mechanism for such co‐expression remains un‐investigated. Here, we report that EGFR is important for B‐Myb expression and the underlying mechanism involves cooperated effects from EGFR and E2F1. EGF stimulation and forced expression of EGFR significantly increase B‐Myb gene activity and such increase occurs in the G1 phase. EGF‐induced B‐Myb expression was not significantly suppressed following inhibition of PI‐3K and ERK, two major EGFR downstream pathways. In contrast, we observed EGF‐induced in vivo association of nuclear EGFR to the B‐Myb promoter and the association is only detected at the G1/S phase and is abolished by EGFR kinase inhibitor. As EGFR lacks DNA‐binding domain but contains transactivational activity and E2F1 activates B‐Myb expression in the G1/S phase, we further reasoned that nuclear EGFR might cooperate with E2F1 leading to activation of B‐Myb. Indeed, we found that EGFR co‐immunoprecipitated with E2F1 in an EGF‐dependent manner and that EGF activated in vivo binding of E2F1 to the B‐Myb promoter. Consistently, forced expression of both EGFR and E2F1 in EGFR‐null CHO cells greatly enhanced B‐Myb promoter activity, compared to the vector control and expression of EGFR or E2F1 alone. Promoter mutagenesis studies showed that EGF‐induced activation of B‐Myb promoter required both E2F and EGFR target sites. In summary, our data suggest that deregulated EGFR signaling pathway facilitate tumor cell proliferation partly via EGFR interaction with E2F1 and subsequent activation of B‐Myb gene expression. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age dependent phosphorylation and deregulation of p53 in human vestibular schwannomas
Authors: Dayalan Antony H.P.P. , Jothi Mathivanan , Keshava Rohini , Thomas Remy , Gope Mohan L. , Doddaballapur Subbakrishna K. , Somanna Sampath , Praharaj Shanti S. , Ashwathnarayanarao Chandramouli B. , Gope Rajalakshmi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTumor‐specific alterations at the p53 gene locus in 30 human vestibular schwannomas (VS) comprising 10 confirmed NF2 cases and 20 sporadic cases were analyzed. We found loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the first intron of the p53 gene locus in 54% of the informative cases. This is the first report showing LOH at the p53 gene locus in a significant number of human VS and both sporadic and NF2 cases show the LOH event. Increased levels of normal size p53 mRNA and p53 protein were found in all the tumors analyzed. Thus p53 appears to be deregulated in all the tumors suggesting that p53 alterations may be associated with tumor progression in VS. There was a negative significant correlation of patients' age and percentage of Ser 392 phosphorylated p53 protein. The tumor samples obtained from younger patients of 35 yr and below showed higher percentage of Ser 392 phosphorylated p53 protein compared to the tumors of older patients. The increased percentage of Ser 392 phosphorylated p53 protein indicates that it could be involved in the acceleration of tumor growth in the younger patients. Our results suggest that age dependent phosphorylation of p53 protein and deregulation of p53 gene has a role in the development of human vestibular schwannomas. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genistein affects androgen‐responsive genes through both androgen‐ and estrogen‐induced signaling pathways
Authors: Takahashi Yoko , Hursting Stephen D. , Perkins Susan N. , Wang Tien‐Chung , Wang Thomas T.Y. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis study examined the mechanisms by which the prostate cancer chemopreventive agent genistein modulates gene expression in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Expression of androgen‐ and estrogen‐regulated genes was measured in LNCaP cells cultured in the presence or absence of hormonal stimulation and the presence or absence of genistein. Genistein strongly suppressed basal expression of androgen‐responsive gene (ARG) mRNAs, including prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and Ste20‐related proline‐alanine‐rich kinase (SPAK). However, genistein had little or no effect on basal expression of two other ARGs, β2‐microglobulin (B2M) or selenoprotein P (SEPP1). Culturing LNCaP cells in the presence of the synthetic androgen R1881‐induced increases in PSA, SPAK, B2M, and SEPP1 mRNA levels. The R1881‐induced expression of these genes was uniformly blocked by genistein. For PSA and SPAK, genistein also blocked or downregulated 17β‐estradiol‐induced increases in mRNA expression. These results indicate that genistein selectively alters expression of ARG mRNAs in LNCaP cells through modulation of both androgen‐ and estrogen‐induced signaling pathways. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular analysis of hprt mutations generated in Chinese hamster ovary EM9 cells by uranyl acetate, by hydrogen peroxide, and spontaneously
Authors: Coryell Virginia H. , Stearns Diane M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNaturally occurring uranium and depleted uranium (DU) are believed to be health hazards by virtue of both their chemical and radiological properties. The mechanism(s) behind uranium's chemotoxic effects has yet to be elucidated. Previous work has shown that DU, as uranyl acetate (UA), was mutagenic at the hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) locus in XRCC1‐deficient CHO EM9 cells. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the mutations induced by UA at the hprt locus of CHO EM9 cells and compare the mutation spectrum of UA with those of hydrogen peroxide and spontaneous mutations in the same line. The hypothesis being tested was that if DU as UA is chemically genotoxic then the mutation spectrum induced by the heavy metal should be distinct from that produced spontaneously or by H2O2. A total of 59 UA‐induced, 38 spontaneous, and 45 H2O2‐induced mutations were identified. Base substitutions comprised 29%, 42%, and 16% of UA, spontaneous, and H2O2 mutants, respectively. The frequency of G → T or C → A substitutions was not significantly different in spontaneous or H2O2‐induced mutants than in UA‐induced mutants, suggesting a possible role for 8‐oxodG damage in UA mutagenesis. However, the observation that UA produced significantly more major genomic rearrangements (multiexon insertions and deletions) than occurred spontaneously suggests the possibility that DNA strand breaks or crosslinks could also be UA‐induced mutagenic lesions. The unique mutation spectrum elicited by exposure to UA suggests that UA generates mutations in ways that are different from spontaneous and free radical as well as radiological mechanisms. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Related timing for peripheral and central plasticity in hypoglossal–facial nerve anastomosis
Authors: Bernat Isabelle , Vitte Elizabeth , Lamas Georges , Soudant Jacques , Willer Jean Claude , Tankéré Frédéric 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe aim of this work was to determine the role of peripheral facial muscle reinnervation in the central reorganization of the blink reflex (BR) after hypoglossal–facial anastomosis (HFA). An electrophysiological study was performed on seven patients who underwent HFA after facial nerve transection during surgery for acoustic neuroma. HFA was performed within 15 days after surgery in five patients (group 1) and later for the two others (group 2). We studied the motor responses (MR) and the BR evoked on the affected side, before and over 3 years after the HFA. The MR appeared by the third month for the first group, and by the sixth and twelfth for the second group. After 36 months, the amplitude of MR was significantly higher than its control value, showing hyperinnervation of the facial muscles. Study of the BR evoked only an R1‐type blink response that was observed 4 and 6 months after the MR for groups 1 and 2, respectively. This central reorganization appeared closely correlated with muscle reinnervation and its related timing. The occurrence of peripheral nerve–muscle contacts seems to be a necessary condition for reorganization of the trigemino–hypoglossal–facial reflex. Muscle Nerve, 2006
How do the prevalences of urogenital symptoms change during pregnancy?
Authors: van Brummen H. Jorien , Bruinse Hein W. , van der Bom Johanna G. , Heintz A. Peter. M. , van der Vaart C. Huub 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to report the changes in prevalences of urogenital symptoms during pregnancy and to evaluate the amount of bother nulliparous pregnant women experience from these symptoms.MethodsWe have used a prospective longitudinal cohort study design. Five hundred fifteen nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy were recruited from 10 midwifery practices between January 2002 and July 2003. The women received postal questionnaires. Urogenital symptoms were assessed with the Dutch version of the standardized and validated Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI). We analyzed our data on item level and on the clustering of items.ResultsThe prevalences of the frequency and urgency symptoms are high at 12 weeks (74% and 63%) and remain stable during pregnancy. The prevalences of urinary incontinence and voiding difficulties increase with gestational age. Frequency disappears in 12% in late pregnancy, urgency in 22%, and stress incontinence in 23%. The prevalence of bothersome frequency symptoms is much higher than of urinary incontinence (21% compared to 6%). All UDI subscales increase significantly during pregnancy.ConclusionsUrogenital symptoms occur in almost all women during pregnancy. Whereas the prevalence of overactive bladder symptoms is high and remains stable from early pregnancy on, the prevalences of urinary incontinence symptoms increase with gestational age. Despite the high prevalences of symptoms, the majority of women report not to be bothered by it. Neurourol. Urdynam. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Post stroke urinary loss, incontinence and life satisfaction: When does post‐stroke urinary loss become incontinence?
Authors: Edwards Dorothy F. , Hahn Michele , Dromerick Alexander 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAimsWhile urinary incontinence (UI) has been extensively studied after stroke, the threshold for when it becomes a social problem by affecting life satisfaction or social participation has not been established. The study goal was to establish this threshold, examine the impact of UI on life satisfaction and participation, and determine whether UI contributes independently to poor stroke outcome.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on prospectively collected data from a cohort of consecutive admissions to the acute Neurology Stroke Service of a large metropolitan teaching hospital. Four hundred and sixty patients with ischemic stroke were prospectively evaluated for stroke severity, medical, and demographic factors. Telephone interviews were completed with 361 community‐dwelling subjects 6 months after stroke onset.ResultsThe FIM bladder item was used to determine the frequency of urinary loss. All patients were continent before stroke onset, 16% reported UL at 6‐month follow‐up. ROC analysis suggested that UI once per month or more is associated with diminished quality of life and activity participation. Logistic regression found poor life satisfaction associated with ADL impairment, cognitive disability, low SF12 physical and mental health scores, and incontinence. Poor outcome was independent of stroke severity.ConclusionsUrinary loss became incontinence when it occurred at least monthly. UI was associated with greater dependence in basic and instrumental ADL, decreased participation and low life satisfaction. Neurourol. Urdynam. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reliability of pelvic floor muscle strength assessment using different test positions and tools
Authors: Frawley Helena C. , Galea Mary P. , Phillips Bev A. , Sherburn Margaret , Bø Kari 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAimsThe aims of this study were to determine the intra‐therapist reliability for digital muscle testing and vaginal manometry on maximum voluntary contraction strength and endurance. In addition, we assessed how reliability varied with different tools and different testing positions.MethodsSubjects included 20 female physiotherapists. The modified Oxford scale was used for the digital muscle testing, and the Peritron™ perineometer was used for the vaginal resting pressure and vaginal squeeze pressure assessments. Strength and endurance testing were performed. The highest of the maximum voluntary contraction scores was used in strength analysis, and a fatigue index value was calculated from the endurance repetitions. Bent‐knee lying, supine, sitting, and standing positions were used. The time interval for between‐session reliability was 2–6 weeks.ResultsKappa values for the between‐session reliability of digital muscle testing were 0.69, 0.69, 0.86, and 0.79 for the four test positions, respectively. Intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) values for squeeze pressure readings for the four positions were 0.95, 0.91, 0.96, and 0.92 for maximum voluntary contraction, and 0.05, 0.42, 0.13, and 0.35 for endurance testing. ICC values for resting pressure were 0.74, 0.77, 0.47, and 0.29.ConclusionsReliability of digital muscle testing was very good in sitting and good in the other three positions. vaginal resting pressure demonstrated very good reliability in all four positions for maximum voluntary contraction, but was unreliable for endurance testing. Vaginal resting pressure was not reliable in upright positions. Both measurement tools are reliable in certain positions, with manometry demonstrating higher reliability coefficients. Neurourol. Urdynam. 25:236–242, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of the quadrilateral area co‐ordinate method: a new element for Mindlin–Reissner plate
Authors: Cen Song , Long Yu‐Qiu , Yao Zhen‐Han , Chiew Sing‐Ping 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe quadrilateral area co‐ordinate method is used to formulate a new quadrilateral element for Mindlin–Reissner plate bending problem. Firstly, an independent shear field is assumed based on the locking‐free Timoshenko's beam formulae; secondly, a fourth‐order deflection field is assumed by introducing some generalized conforming conditions; thirdly, the rotation field is determined by the strain–displacement relations. Furthermore, a hybrid post‐processing procedure is suggested to improve the stress/internal force solutions. Following this procedure, a new 4‐node, 12‐dof quadrilateral element, named AC‐MQ4, is successfully constructed. Since all formulations are expressed by the area co‐ordinates, element AC‐MQ4 presents some different, but beneficial characters when compared with other usual models. Numerical examples show the new element is free of shear locking, insensitive to mesh distortion, and possesses excellent accuracy in the analysis of both thick and thin plates. It has also been demonstrated that the area co‐ordinate method, the generalized conforming condition method, and the hybrid post‐processing procedure are efficient tools for developing simple, effective and reliable finite element models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A spline wavelet finite‐element method in structural mechanics
Authors: Han Jian‐Gang , Ren Wei‐Xin , Huang Yih 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe wavelet‐based methods are powerful to analyse the field problems with changes in gradients and singularities due to the excellent multi‐resolution properties of wavelet functions. Wavelet‐based finite elements are often constructed in the wavelet space where field displacements are expressed as a product of wavelet functions and wavelet coefficients. When a complex structural problem is analysed, the interface between different elements and boundary conditions cannot be easily treated as in the case of conventional finite‐element methods (FEMs). A new wavelet‐based FEM in structural mechanics is proposed in the paper by using the spline wavelets, in which the formulation is developed in a similar way of conventional displacement‐based FEM. The spline wavelet functions are used as the element displacement interpolation functions and the shape functions are expressed by wavelets. The detailed formulations of typical spline wavelet elements such as plane beam element, in‐plane triangular element, in‐plane rectangular element, tetrahedral solid element, and hexahedral solid element are derived. The numerical examples have illustrated that the proposed spline wavelet finite‐element formulation achieves a high numerical accuracy and fast convergence rate. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the inverse of generalized λ‐matrices with singular leading term
Authors: Dumont N. A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAn algorithm is introduced for the inverse of a λ‐matrix given as the truncated series A0−iλA1−λ2A2+iλ3A3+λ4A4+···+O(λn+1) with square coefficient matrices and singular leading term A0. Moreover, A1 may be conditionally singular and no restrictions are made for the remaining terms. The result is a λ‐matrix given as a unique, truncated series of the same error order. Motivation for this problem is the evaluation of the frequency‐dependent stiffness matrix of general boundary or macro‐finite elements in the frame of a hybrid variational formulation that is based on a flexibility matrix F expressed as a truncated power series of the circular frequency ω. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An algebraic method for smoothing surface triangulations on a local parametric space
Authors: Escobar J. M. , Montero G. , Montenegro R. , Rodríguez E. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a new procedure to improve the quality of triangular meshes defined on surfaces. The improvement is obtained by an iterative process in which each node of the mesh is moved to a new position that minimizes a certain objective function. This objective function is derived from algebraic quality measures of the local mesh (the set of triangles connected to the adjustable or free node). If we allow the free node to move on the surface without imposing any restriction, only guided by the improvement of the quality, the optimization procedure can construct a high‐quality local mesh, but with this node in an unacceptable position. To avoid this problem the optimization is done in the parametric mesh, where the presence of barriers in the objective function maintains the free node inside the feasible region. In this way, the original problem on the surface is transformed into a two‐dimensional one on the parametric space. In our case, the parametric space is a plane, chosen in terms of the local mesh, in such a way that this mesh can be optimally projected performing a valid mesh, that is, without inverted elements. Several examples and applications presented in this work show how this technique is capable of improving the quality of triangular surface meshes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Five‐year effects of an anti‐poverty program on marriage among never‐married mothers
Authors: Gassman‐Pines Anna , Yoshikawa Hirokazu 
Published: November 2005

AbstractUsing data from an experimental evaluation of the New Hope project, an anti‐poverty program that increased employment and income, this study examined the effects of New Hope on entry into marriage among never‐married mothers. Among never‐married mothers, New Hope significantly increased rates of marriage. Five years after random assignment, 21 percent of women assigned to the New Hope condition were married, compared to 12 percent of those assigned to the control group. The New Hope impact on marriage was robust to variations in model specification. The program also increased income, wage growth, and goal efficacy among never‐married mothers, and decreased depression. In non‐experimental analyses, income and earnings were associated with higher probability of marriage and material hardship was associated with lower probability of marriage. © 2006 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management
Nonprofit housing and neighborhood spillovers
Authors: Gould Ellen Ingrid , Voicu Ioan 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNonprofit organizations play a critical role in U.S. housing policy, a role typically justified by the claim that their housing investments produce significant neighbor‐hood spillover benefits. However, little work has actually been done to measure these impacts on neighborhoods. This paper compares the neighborhood spillover effects of city‐supported rehabilitation of rental housing undertaken by nonprofit and for‐profit developers, using data from New York City. To measure these benefits, we use increases in neighboring property values, estimated from a difference‐in‐difference specification of a hedonic regression model. We study the impacts of about 43,000 units of city‐supported housing completed during the 1980s and 1990s, and our sample of property transactions includes nearly 300,000 individual sales.We find that both nonprofit and for‐profit projects generate significant, positive spillover effects. This finding in itself is significant, given the widespread skepticism about the impact of subsidized housing on neighborhoods. We also find some differences across sectors. First, the impact of nonprofit housing remains stable over time, whereas the effect of for‐profit housing declines slightly with time. Second, while large for‐profit and nonprofit developments deliver similar benefits, in the case of small projects, for‐profit developments generate greater impacts than their nonprofit counterparts. These differences are consistent with theoretical predictions. In particular, in the presence of information asymmetries with respect to housing quality, the non‐distribution constraint should lead nonprofits to invest more than for‐profits in developing and maintaining features that benefit the broader community. Meanwhile, the fact that scale makes a difference to nonprofit impacts may reflect the capacity constraints often faced by smaller nonprofits. ©2006 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management