bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing a controversial local range expansion: conservation biogeography of the painted reed frog (Hyperolius marmoratus) in South Africa
Authors: Tolley Krystal A. , Davies Sarah J. , Chown Steven L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTLocal range expansions might either be the response of populations to climate or landscape change, or be caused directly by human intervention. In the latter case the expansion would be considered the first in the steps leading to a biological invasion. In species typically not the subject of human commerce, distinguishing the causes of local range expansions is problematic. Range dynamic theory provides a basis for doing so, and, when used to assess phylogeographical information, can be a powerful conservation biogeographical approach. Here we adopt this approach to resolve the controversial case of the recent range expansion of the painted reed frog (Hyperolius marmoratus) in southern South Africa. Within the last decade,H. marmoratushas spread westward approximately 500 km from its historical range. This local range expansion could either represent human‐mediated jump dispersal, or a response to landscape or climate change. To date, the latter has been assumed, although not universally. Using a phylogeographic approach to investigate these competing hypotheses, a portion of the mitochondrial COI gene was sequenced for individuals from within the historical range (n = 178), and four putatively introduced populations in dams (n = 121). There was substantial geographical population structure within the historical range, and these populations were significantly different from the dam populations (ΦST = 0.817,P < 0.001). The presence of one or a few dissimilar haplotypes in the dams suggests that introductions are from a number of different sources. This, in conjunction with new survey data, supports the hypothesis that recent establishment of these populations is the result of human‐mediated jump dispersal. The impact of this range expansion on ecosystem functioning is unknown, but given the rapid spread of this species and its potential influence on ecosystems, safeguards should be put in place to control further introductions and to restrict the currently invasive populations.
Quantification of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction from gated 99mTc‐MIBI SPECT: MRI validation of the exini heart software package
Authors: Winz Oliver H. , Meyer Philipp T. , Knollmann Daniela , Lipke Claudia S. A. , Kühl Harald P. , Oelve Carola , Schaefer Wolfgang M. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe aim of the study was to validate the accuracy of the exini heart software (exini) package in assessing left ventricular end‐diastolic/systolic volumes (EDV, ESV) and ejection fraction (LVEF) from gated 99mTc‐MIBI single‐photon emission tomography (SPECT). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) was used as reference. Furthermore, effects of perfusion defects and image quality in SPECT on correlation between gated SPECT and magnetic resonance imaging were investigated.Methods:  Seventy patients were examined using gated SPECT (rest study, eight gates per cardiac cycle). EDV, ESV and LVEF were calculated from gated SPECT using exini. Directly before or after SPECT, cMRI (20 gates cardiac per cycle) was performed. EDV, ESV and LVEF were calculated using Simpson’s rule. Perfusion defects were quantified using the summed‐rest‐score (SRS). Total number of myocardial counts were used to rate image quality.Results:  Correlation between results of gated SPECT and cMRI was high for EDV (R = 0·89) and ESV (R = 0·94) and good for LVEF (R = 0·78). ESV (exini 54 ± 31 ml versus cMRI 57 ± 34 ml) and LVEF (exini 62·9 ± 11·7% versus cMRI 60·6 ± 13·9%) did not differ significantly whereas exini overestimated EDV significantly compared with cMRI (exini 144 ± 41 ml versus cMRI 137 ± 36 ml; P<0·005). No correlation was found between absolute differences of the results given by gated SPECT and cMRI and SRS or total myocardial counts (R < 0·18).Conclusion:  End‐diastolic volume, ESV and LVEF calculated from gated SPECT using exini agree with cMRI over a wide range of values. Correlation between both the methods was good for EDV and ESV, and acceptable for LVEF. No relevant influence of image quality or SRS on the accuracy of exini results was found.
Effects of tetrahydrobiopterin on venous bubble grade and acute diving‐induced changes in cardiovascular function
Authors: Glavas Duska , Bakovic Darija , Obad Ante , Palada Ivan , Breskovic Toni , Valic Zoran , Brubakk Alf O. , Dujic Zeljko 
Published: December 2008

SummaryIntroduction:  Self‐contained underwater breathing apparatus diving reduces cardiovascular function and increases pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) up to 3 days after a single dive. Acute antioxidants partially attenuated arterial endothelial dysfunction, whereas cardiac and PA functions were unaffected. We tested the hypothesis that acute tetrahydobiopterin (BH4), as a cofactor of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase, reduces bubble grade (BG) and attenuates alteration in cardiovascular function after diving because of increased NO bioavailability.Materials and methods:  Mean PAP (mPAP), PA acceleration time and right ventricle ejection time, left ventricle ejection fraction (LV‐EF) and BG were measured after oral placebo (P), vitamin C (C) or a combination of vitamin C and BH4 (BH4) in a randomized, placebo controlled trial before and after field dive to 30 m of sea water for 30 min bottom time.Results:  Eight recreational divers performed three dives with a 3‐days period between them. Regarding the primary hypothesis, no difference was observed between post‐dive changes in BG (2·1 ± 2·2 bubbles cm−2 for P, 3·4 ± 3·9 for C and 3·6 ± 2·1 for BH4), mPAP (25·6 ± 6·5 mmHg for P, 25·9 ± 8·6 for C and 22·6 ± 3·5 for BH4) and LV‐EF (62·6 ± 4·6% for P, 61·4 ± 3·9 for C and 61·6 ± 3·7 for BH4) with all three conditions.Conclusion:  This suggests that co‐administration of BH4 and vitamin C does not improve heart and pulmonary artery function after diving.
Definitions of response and remission in schizophrenia: recommendations for their use and their presentation
Authors: Leucht S. , Davis J. M. , Engel R. R. , Kissling W. , Kane J. M. 
Published: December 2008

Objective:  To review and make recommendations for the definition and presentation of the terms ‘response’ and ‘remission’ in schizophrenia.Method:  Selective review of publications on definitions of response and remission in schizophrenia.Results:  When the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) or the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) are used for definitions of response, a cut‐off of at least 50% reduction of the baseline score should be used for acutely ill, non‐refractory patients and a cut‐off of at least 25% reduction for refractory patients. When percentage BPRS/PANSS reduction is calculated, the 18/30 points minimum scores meaning ‘no symptoms’ on the should be subtracted. In addition, responder rates from 0–100% could be presented in a table in steps of 25%. For large and simple practical trials, the Clinical Global Impression scale with suggested improvements could be used 1‐7 scale.Conclusion:  To show how many patients are still symptomatic at the end of study and to show the overall amount of change in both remission and responder criteria should be presented.
Schizophrenia treatment: content versus delivery
Authors: Van Os J. 
Published: December 2008

Objective:  To review the evidence supporting the importance of ensuring that patients with psychiatric disorders receive an optimal and appropriate level of non‐pharmacological treatment, and how Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) may be able to contribute to this aim.Method:  Analysis of data from selected individual published studies on ACT, in addition to reviews from the Cochrane Library, and other study groups.Results:  Treatment management using ACT appears to offer benefits in terms of reduction in hospitalisation, although there is some debate as to whether this is the most representative outcome measure. Preliminary indications using remission as an outcome measure have also shown promising results in favour of ACT.Conclusion:  While further investigation and validation are necessary, current data indicate that ACT may be an appropriate strategy to facilitate the delivery of treatment to patients with psychotic disorders.
Connecting patient needs with treatment management
Authors: Kerwin R. 
Published: December 2008

Objective:  To propose ideas for the development of a core strategy for monitoring patients with schizophrenia to ensure physical health and optimal treatment provision.Method:  A panel of European experts in the field of schizophrenia met in Bordeaux in June 2006 to discuss, ‘Patient management optimisation through improved treatment monitoring.’Results:  Key consensus from the discussion deemed that weight gain, oral health and ECG parameters were core baseline parameters to be monitored in all patients with schizophrenia. Further, an identification of a patient’s own barriers to treatment alongside local health service strategies might comprise elements of an individualised management strategy which would contribute to optimisation of treatment. Any monitoring strategy should be kept simple to encourage physician compliance.Conclusion:  A practical solution to the difficulties of providing holistic patient care would be to suggest a limited set of physical parameters to be monitored by physicians on a regular basis.
Radiographic detection of artificial intra‐bony defects in the edentulous area
Authors: Van Assche N. , Jacobs R. , Coucke W. , Van Steenberghe D. , Quirynen M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground: Since intra‐bony pathologies might jeopardize implant outcome, their preoperative detection is crucial.Material and methods: In sixteen human cadaver bloc sections from upper and lower jaws, artificial defects with progressively increasing size (n=7) have been created. From each respective defect, analogue and digital intra‐oral radiographs were taken, the latter processed via a periodontal filter and afterwards presented in black‐white as well as in colour, resulting in three sets of 7 images per bloc section. Eight observers were asked to diagnosis an eventual defect on randomly presented radiographs, and at another occasion to rank each set based on the defect size.Results: The clinicians were only able to identify a defect, when the junctional area was involved, except for bony pieces with a very homogeneous structure.Conclusion: For longitudinal evaluation of healing bone (e.g. after tooth extraction), colour digital images can be recommended. These observations indicate that intra‐oral radiographs are not always reliable for the detection of any intra‐bony defect.
Purely cancellous vs. corticocancellous bone in sinus floor augmentation with autogenous iliac crest: a prospective clinical trial
Authors: Gerressen Marcus , Hermanns‐Sachweh Benita , Riediger Dieter , Hilgers Ralf‐Dieter , Spiekermann Hubertus , Ghassemi Alireza 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectives: Among the different graft materials being applied in sinus elevation surgery autogenous bone, especially from the iliac crest, is considered to be the graft of choice. The goal of this prospective study was to investigate whether purely cancellous transplants of this donor site lead to significantly better results regarding bone quantity and quality when compared to corticocancellous iliac bone grafts.Material and methods: Fifteen patients suffering from extreme maxillary atrophy underwent bilateral sinus floor augmentation with grafts from the iliac crest consisting of purely cancellous bone (PCB) for the right side and a mixture of 50% cancellous and 50% cortical bone for the left side, respectively. Bone samples that were taken during implant insertion were examined histologically for semiquantitative assessment. In addition, bone density was measured histomorphometrically. Data were statistically analyzed by a repeated measures analysis of covariance model and post hoc paired t‐tests as well as Pearson's correlation analysis.Results: Semiquantitative analysis of bone quality resulted in comparable results for both graft preparations while bone density was significantly higher in the PCB group. Without consideration of the different transplant groups, there was neither a significant correlation between patients' age and bone density nor bone quality. Differences between the genders could not be observed either.Conclusions: Because of better bone density, the PCB graft from the iliac crest remains our gold standard. Even in elderly patients, autogenous grafts can be utilized without losses in the properties of the resulting bone.
Sinus floor augmentation with recombinant human growth and differentiation factor‐5 (rhGDF‐5): a pilot study in the Goettingen miniature pig comparing autogenous bone and rhGDF‐5
Authors: Gruber Rudolf Matthias , Ludwig Arwed , Merten Hans‐Albert , Pippig Susanne , Kramer Franz‐Josef , Schliephake Henning 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that recombinant human growth and differentiation factor‐5 (rhGDF‐5) in combination with a β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) scaffold material results in superior bone formation in sinus floor augmentations in miniature pigs compared with a particulated autogenous bone graft combined with the scaffold material.Material and methods: Six adult female Goettingen minipigs underwent a maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedure. In a split‐mouth design, the sinus floors were augmented with β‐TCP mixed with autogenous cortical bone chips, in a ratio of approximately 1 : 1, on one side. The contralateral test site was augmented using β‐TCP coated with two concentrations of rhGDF‐5 (400 μg rhGDF‐5/g β‐TCP or 800 μg rhGDF‐5/g β‐TCP; three animals in each case). Simultaneously, one dental implant was inserted into each sinus floor augmentation. After 12 weeks, a histological and histomorphometric assessment of non‐decalcified histological specimens was made.Results: There were significantly higher mean values of volume density of newly formed bone using β‐TCP coated with two concentrations of rhGDF‐5 (400 μg: 32.9%; 800 μg: 23.9%) than with the corresponding control (autogenous bone/β‐TCP) (14.6%, 12.9%) (P=0.012, P=0.049). The bone‐to‐implant contact rates (BIC) were significantly enhanced in test sites (400 μg: 84.2%; 800 μg: 69.8%) compared with the corresponding control sites (24.8%, 40.8%) (P=.027, P=.045).Conclusion: rhGDF‐5 delivered on β‐TCP significantly enhanced bone formation compared with β‐TCP combined with autogenous bone in sinus lift procedures in miniature pigs.
Assessment of bone vascularity in the anterior mandible using laser Doppler flowmetry
Authors: Verdonck Henk W. D. , Meijer Gert J. , Kessler Peter , Nieman Fred H. , De Baat Cees , Stoelinga Paul J. W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectives: In irradiated bone, a method assessing vascularity of intended implant recipient bone would be of clinical significance in preventing early implant loss and in reducing the risk of osteoradionecrosis due to surgical oral implant insertion. At present, assessing bone vascularity clinically, using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), seems to be realistic. The hypotheses of this study were that bone vascularity in the human anterior mandible can be assessed during implant insertion by LDF and that the recorded LDF values are providing standard data for bone vascularity in the human anterior mandible.Material and methods: Twenty‐three randomly selected non‐irradiated edentulous patients scheduled for treatment with oral implants in the anterior mandible were assigned, 12 men and 11 women. The patients' history of edentulousness and resorption of the residual alveolar ridges were registered. In pilot osteotomy sites of planned implant insertion, the bone vascularity was registered, using LDF and expressed in perfusion units (PU). The statistical distribution and characteristics of the LDF values were explored, separately for men and women.Results: A total of 41 pilot osteotomy sites were recorded with a mean LDF value of 25.80 PU. No obvious gender difference was found and LDF values did not show a relationship with patient's age or history of edentulousness.Conclusion: The hypotheses that bone vascularity in the human anterior mandible can be assessed during implant insertion by LDF and that the recorded LDF values are providing standard data for bone vascularity in the human anterior mandible, were confirmed.
Terra Firma forme dermatosis. Case series and review of the literature
Authors: Akkash Laith , Badran Dana , Al‐Omari Aseel Q 
Published: December 2008

SummaryTerra Firma forme dermatosis (TFFD) is an infrequently described disorder which features dirt‐like lesions that clear after rubbing with alcohol. We describe a series of four patients with the disorder, discuss differential diagnostic considerations and review the literature.
Inhaled corticosteroid therapy reduces cytokine levels in sputum from very preterm infants with chronic lung disease
Authors: Honda Rie , Ichiyama Takashi , Sunagawa Shinpei , Maeba Shinji , Hasegawa Keiko , Furukawa Susumu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAim: To evaluate the effects of inhaled corticosteroid therapy and high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation (oscillation) on preterm infants with chronic lung disease (CLD).Methods: Ten infants with CLD who received inhaled corticosteroid therapy were enrolled. Week 1 was defined as the first week of therapy. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐8, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10 and IL‐12p70 in serial sputum specimens from the infants were determined using a cytometric bead array.Results: The sputum concentrations of IL‐8 obtained from the infants during week 3–4 were significantly lower than those obtained before therapy and during week 1–2. The sputum concentrations of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐10 during week 3–4 were significantly lower than the concetrations during week 1–2. The ratio of IL‐8 levels during week 1–2 to those before therapy in infants who received oscillation (n = 4) was significantly lower than in those who received intermittent mandatory ventilation (n = 6).Conclusion: Inhaled corticosteroids may be associated with a decrease in pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels in sputum from infants with CLD from 2 weeks after the start of therapy. Our further investigations suggest that therapy with oscillation modulated airway inflammation earlier than therapy with intermittent mandatory ventilation.
Risk factors of neonatal respiratory distress following vaginal delivery and caesarean section in the German population
Authors: Heinzmann Andrea , Brugger Markus , Engels Christina , Prömpeler Heinrich , Superti‐Furga Andrea , Strauch Konstantin , Krueger Marcus 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground: The incidence of caesarean section (CS) is steadily rising world‐wide. In particular, CS on maternal demand is performed more frequently. In parts, this might be due to insufficient information of pregnant women about neonatal risks of CS. We sought to specify neonatal outcomes following different modes of delivery, i.e. vaginal delivery, primary CS and secondary CS and to define risk factors for respiratory morbidity and hospitalization.Methods: We analysed 2073 births (gestational age > 35 weeks) during a two‐year period at a tertiary obstetric and neonatal centre in Germany. Statistical analyses were performed for single parameters by SPSS as well as by logistic regression to account for possible confounders. Furthermore, extensive model calculation was done.Results: Respiratory morbidity was increased following primary and secondary CS (p = 0.001). By multiple logistic regression, the strongest effect on respiratory symptoms was seen with gestational age, each week more in utero reducing the risk by an odds ratio (OR) of 0.69 (95% CI: [0.61; 0.79]; p = 1.9 × 10−8). Furthermore, a significant interaction between mode of delivery and gestational age was found for the risk of respiratory symptoms (p = 0.0035).Conclusion: For every eight newborns delivered by primary CS one more than expected with vaginal delivery is hospitalized. It is highly relevant to recognize that each week of gestational age reduces the risk of respiratory symptoms, especially if primary CS is performed. The higher rate of respiratory morbidity and neonatal admission following CS should be clearly recognized in counselling of pregnant women.
AGEING TOWARDS 2000: A CHALLENGE FOR THE RE‐FURBISHMENT OF A SELF
Authors: Seedsman T. A. , Amiel Henry Frederic 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper offers the view that individuals need to accept a large measure of responsibility for their journey toward and into old age. The challenge is for people approaching retirement to have the courage and foresight to re‐invent life in its fullest sense. Many Australians are deceptively unprepared for the likely prospect of spending twenty‐five to thirty years in occupational retirement. It is suggested that society needs to encourage individuals during middle‐life and beyond to become portfolio people in the sense that they are prepared to add new dimensions and challenges to their lives. A number of perspectives for positive adaptation to later life are provided in conjunction with a philosophical framework for activating a meaningful and productive leisure lifestyle.A great deal of talent is lost in the world from want of a little courage. Every day sends to their graves obscure men whom timidity prevented from making a first effort; who if they could have been induced to begin, would have in all probability gone great lengths in the career of same. The fact is that to do anything in the world worth doing, we must not stand back shivering and thinking of the cold and danger, but jump in and scramble through as well as we can. (Burnside 1976, p.3.)
COMMUNITY IMPACTS OF TOURISM AMONG OLDER AND LONG‐TERM RESIDENTS
Authors: Ross G. F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFive hundred and seventeen residents, 60 years of age and older, of an Australian tourist city were surveyed to assess the perceived degree of tourism impact. Impact domains examined included economic, social, cultural, leisure, planning and crime. A range of socio‐demographic information was also gathered including age, sex, years of residence, number of friends and relatives working in the tourism industry and suburb location. Older and long‐term residents were more likely to reveal negative evaluations regarding tourism's effects on the social and cultural life of the city and were more likely to believe that tourism was associated with a higher crime rate, and that tourism had not led to more leisure facilities for city residents. In contrast, older and long‐term residents who had more friends and relatives working in the tourism industry were more positive in their evaluation of the effects of the industry on the life of the city. It was also found that females saw fewer leisure and recreation facilities coming as the result of tourism than did males. Finally it was found that older respondents who had been resident in the city at the time of the second world war were more positive in their estimation of American and Australian tourists and somewhat less so for other groups. Implications of these findings for regional planners in tourist cities, for the tourist industry and for future research in this area are explored.