bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two New β2‐Adrenoceptor Agonists, D‐2343 and QH 25, Studied in Asthmatic Patients
Authors: Löfdahl Claes‐Göran , Bengtsson Bengt , Svedmyr Karin , Svedmyr Nils 
Published: May 2007

Two new β2‐adrenoceptor agonists, D‐2M3 and QH 35, have been studied in asthmatic patients. Animal experiments indicated less effect on skeletal mucsle than on bronchial muscle.D‐2343 (four i.V. cumulatively increasing doses, 0.21‐6.3 μg kg‐1 min‐1) and i.v. terbutaline (four cumulative doses 0.07‐2.1 μg kg‐1 min‐1) were single‐blindly compared in a randomized crossover study in eight asthmatics. It was shown that D‐2343 is an effective β2‐adrenoceptor agonist with 5‐6 limes lower potency than terbutaline. The tremor‐inducing effect of D‐2343 was the same as that of terbutaline, when the same degree of bronchodilation was obtained.The effect of QH 25 (0.25. 0.75 and 2.25 mg cumulatively) administered orally, was single‐blindly compared with the effect of oral salbutamol (2, 6 and 18 mg) in a randomized crossover study in eight asthmatics. QH 25 was shown to be an effective β2‐adrenoceptor stimulant about 12 times more potent than salbutamol. The tremor‐inducing capacity was the same as for salbutamol when equipotent bronchodilating doses were studied.
Evaluation of Protective Effect of Fenoterol in Allergen‐Induced Bronchospasm
Authors: D'Amato G. , Schiano M. , Balzano G. , Gocco G. , Melillo G. 
Published: May 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the intensity and duration of the protective effect of fenoterol (200 μg) in allergen‐induced bronchospasm and to compare its effect with that of DSCG (20 mg). Twelve atopic‐asthmatic patients, with ages ranging from 10 to 41 years, participated in the study. At the time of the study their symptoms were well controlled without the use of anti‐asthmatic drugs and their FFV1 was greater than 80% of predicted and did not vary by more than 10% on each study day.The study was a double‐blind cross over trial. Each drug was given separately at 1 week intervals according to an appropriate random plan. During the treatment the patients were given two puffs of metered dose aerosol and a capsule of inhalation powder. Each patient was given aerosol with test drug and placebo aerosol alternately, according to the double‐blind method. The allergen was given 90 min after the administration of the drugs, and parameters of the respiratory function were controlled over a period of 6 h. Subsequently, the protective effect of 200 μg fenoterol administered 4 h before the allergen was studied openly, and showed that fenoterol possesses a protective effect in allergen‐induced bronchospasm. This effect, although slightly reduced, persists even when the allergen is administered 4 h later.
Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in the Same Patients
Authors: Pedersen Poul A. , Weeke Eva Rung 
Published: May 2007

This study from Danish general practice gives Figures about the simultaneous prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis and the order of onset among 7662 patients, who during 1 year consulted for one or both of these diseases. Twenty‐eight percent of patients with asthma consulted because they also had allergic rhinitis, and 17% of patients with allergic rhinitis consulted because they also had asthma. Age‐ and sex‐distributions are presented. In 25% of patients with both diseases the onset of both diseases occurred within the same year, while in 35% the onset of asthma occurred first and in 40% allergic rhinitis.Among patients with both diseases, who did not have onset of both within the same year, more than 75% of them had onset of one disease within 2 years of the other.
Relationships between Responsiveness of the Bronchi to Acetylcholine and Cyclic AMP Response of Lymphocytes to Beta1‐ and Beta2‐Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation in Patients with Asthma
Authors: Makino Sohei , Ikemori Ryosuke , Fukuda Takiishi , Motojima Shinji 
Published: May 2007

Decreased response of beta‐adrenergic receptor has been considered to he one of the causes of increased responsiveness of the bronchi in asthma. Since beta‐adrenergic receptor has two subtypes, beta1 and beta2, and the bronchodilating effect of beta stimulants is mediated by beta2‐receptor, responsiveness of the bronchi is expected to correlate to the cyclic AMP response of lymphocytes to a beta2‐stimulant. Responsiveness of the bronchi was expressed as respiratory threshold to acetylcholine (RT‐Ach), which was the minimal concentration of acetylcholine solution to cause an initial decrease of FEV1 of more than 20% of the baseline value. Beta1 and heta2‐responses were expressed as the increments of cyclic AMP content of 106 lymphocytes incubated with norepinephrine (beta1‐stimulant) and salbutamol (beta2‐stimulant).RT‐Ach showed a significant correlation with the beta2‐cyclic AMP response of lymphocytes, but not with the beta1 ‐response among patients with asthma. Sixteen symptomatic patients on continuous beta‐stimulants showed lower RT‐Ach value and diminished beta2‐receptor activity of lymphocytes compared with 14 patients in remission. These results suggest that selective beta2‐adrenergic blockade may he one of the causes of bronchial hypersensitivity in asthma, though it should be noted that in this study beta‐adrenergic responses were examined in lymphocytes and were compared with the responsiveneness of the bronchi. Possible beta‐receptor subsensitivity induced by administration of beta‐stimulants is discussed.
The Problem of Furred Pets in Childhood Atopic Disease Failure of an Information Program
Authors: Kjellman Bengt , Pettersson Rolf 
Published: May 2007

This epidemiological study is based on all schoolchildren (n= 40,010)) in a Swedish county (population: 270,000) and analyses by questionnaire, 1) the prevalence of regular direct contact with furred animals, 2) the prevalence of allergy to animal danders, 3) the prevalence among child asthmatics of regular direct contacts with furred animals correlated to the efforts made to impart information on allergy. 4) A comparison between levels of medical care/medicine‐intake in dander‐allergic and non‐dander‐allergic child asthmatics. This method gave the following results: 1) 52% of schoolchildren have furred pets in their homes (urban area: 39%, rural area: 77%), and 24% ride and/or have contact with animals in barns and stables, 2) The overall prevalence of dander allergy was 5.3%, in child asthmatics 57%; and in children with allergic rhinitis 30%, 3) Non‐dander‐allergic child asthmatics have more regular direct contact with furred animals than non‐asthmatics. The incidence of domestic pet‐keeping by dander‐allergic child‐asthmatics is less than half that of non‐asthmatics, 4) Dander‐allergic child‐asthmatics have a higher level of medical care/medicine‐intake, than the non‐allergic.It is stressed that the family with an atopic child should be informed as soon as possible of the furred animal problem, i.e. before they have bought such a pet.
Death Caused by Wasp and Bee Stings in Denmark 1960–1980
Authors: Mosbech Holger 
Published: May 2007

During a 21‐year period in Denmark a total of 26 deaths were caused by wasp or bee stings (according to the National Health Service). The deaths might be classified, with some overlapping, as caused by either anaphylactic/anaphylactoid shocks (between 65% and 80%), suffocation after stings in the airways (about 15%) or preexisting diseases, especially arteriselerotic heart disease (approx 20%). Characteristically, in most persons with shock reactions uncosciousness and death occurred very shortly after the sting (within 45 min), while the interval between sting and death was longer (30 min to a couple of hours) when death was caused by suffocation.In more than 21 of the 26 cases it seemed reasonable to assume the insect allergy might have contributed to the fatal outcome. Six of these cases had a previous history of abnormal reactions to insect venom, thus only a small group would have benefited from the prophylactic effect of hyposensitisation. There was no known previous history of reactions to insect stings in the other cases, but it is likely that more than six persons had had severe reactions to insect stings on other occasions.Presumably many deaths where insect stings have been involved – though not verified as causal – are classified as inexplicable or accidental, thus the real number of deaths caused by wasp or bee strings could be substantially greater. Consequently hyposensitisation after severe insect sting reaction of verified allergic genesis can still be advised.
Environmental and Social Influences on Skin Test Results in Children
Authors: Linna Olavi 
Published: May 2007

Skin test with 13 inhalant allergens were performed in 788 children with respiratory allergy. Positive reactions were common to animal danders (65%), to grass pollens (55%) and to tree pollens (44%) but rare to moulds (13%) and to house dust mite (12%). Children exposed to cows, dogs or horses at home more often had skin test reactions to the these allergens than the children not expose, but reactions to cat dander occured as frequently in children exposed to cat home as to those not exposed. Reactions to tree pollens occured most often in children from upper social classes and from urban and reactions to house dust mite occured most often in children from rural area. Children with positive reactions to house dust mite came from larger families than children with negative test results.Some of these results were unexpected and possible explanations are discussed.
Increased Bronchial Hypersensitivity after Early and Late Bronchial Reactions Provoked by Allergen Inhalation
Authors: Machado L. 
Published: May 2007

The non‐specific bronchial reactivity following bronchial allergen challenge was studied in 40 patients with allergic bronchial asthma, particularly in subjects without definite late reactions 6 h after the provocations (reduction in peak expiratory flow or forced expiratory volume in 1 s of less than 15% of the control value at this time). Among a group of 21 patients submitted to bronchial provocation tests, 13 carried out maximal exercise tests 6 h and 1 week after the allergen challenge. In another group of 19 patients, the bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine was assessed before and 6 h and 1 week after challenge. Two patients with a dual response (early + late) reacted with bronchial obstruction to the exercise. Exercise tests performed after 1 week did not provoke asthma in any patient. In the methacholine group a marked increase in responsiveness to methacholine 6 h after the provocation was observed in those patients with a dual response who were tested and in those with equivocal late reactions and even in three patients with an isolated immediate reaction. The increased responsiveness was still present in many patients 1 week after challenge. The airway caliber did not influence the degree of responsiveness to methacholine. Nor did the degree of responsiveness have any influence on the patterns of reactions observed after allergen exposure.It was concluded that in some individuals exposure to the relevant allergen predisposes them to exercise‐inducible bronchial obstruction. Further, it was confirmed that nonspecific bronchial reactivity can be increased not only in patients with late responses ‐ both definite and equivocal ‐ but also in some patients with immediate reactions alone. It is suggested that only allergens provoking late reactions or an increase in the non‐specific reactivity should be considered clinically relevant.
A comparative study of four different bronchial challenge tests
Authors: Haugaard L. , Iversen M. , Dahl R. 
Published: May 2007

Haugaard L, Iversen M, Dahl R. A comparative study of four different bronchial challenge tests.The correlation between 4 commonly used tests for assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness was studied in 10 asthmatics by performing bronchial challenges with histamine, ultrasonically nebulised distilled water (UNDW), exercise, and a relevant allergen. All tests were performed within 4 weeks for each individual and at least 48 h apart. A significant correlation was found between histamine challenge and exercise challenge (r=−0.74). Other correlations were substantial (0.4–0.5) but did not reach statistical significance. This suggests that the challenges have different mechanisms or pathways leading to bronchoconstriction, and assessment of the pattern of individual patients’ bronchial hyperresponsiveness may require application of a number of different bronchial challenge tests. For routine use histamine challenge seems the most appropriate.
Natural history of bronchial asthma in childhood A prospective study from birth up to 12–14 years of age
Authors: Croner S. , Kjellman N‐I. M. 
Published: May 2007

Croner S, Kjellman N‐IM. Natural history of bronchial asthma in childhood. A prospective study from birth up to 12‐14 years of age.In a cohort of 1654 consecutively born children followed from birth, the cumulated incidence of asthma up to 11 years was 5.3% and the prevalence 3% between 10 and 11 years of age. The asthma debut was prior to 1.5 years in 1/3 and before 3 years in 1/2 of the children. Among 59 children examined at 11.5–14.5 years of age, 16 (27%) had no prevalent asthma. On the other hand, inadequate medication was found in 13, undiagnosed chest deformity in four, and wheezing in seven children. All 54 tested children including those with no prevalent asthma had a PC20 histaminc < 8 mg/ml. Tread mill test gave a significant reaction in 15 children. Animal danders and pollens were the most common allergens giving reactions at skin prick test. Compared to one earlier Swedish study an increase in mite sensitivity was found. Cord‐blood IgE concentration and a positive immediate family history of atopic disease had no predictive value for the severity of asthma at this follow‐up. A new total asthma score including number of days with functional impact of asthma during the last year and present medication was used for group comparisons. Children with a high score at 11.5–14.5 years had more exercise‐induced asthma, more concomitant allergic diseases, earlier asthma start, more chest deformity, hyperreactivity both on tread mill and histamine challenge tests, elevated IgE, positive Phadiatop and more reactions at skin prick test, especially to animals and mites. Bronchial asthma was found more often in children born during August through October, possibly due to unsuitable indoor climate and more virus infections during their first 6 months of life. The severity of the asthma was, however, not influenced by the month of birth. No significant differences were found between boys and girls regarding the age at début, asthma severity at follow‐up, or bronchial histamine threshold levels.
Genetic control of eosinophilia in guinea pig strains inbred for high or low bronchial allergic reactivity 2. A genetic study of spontaneous and immunization‐induced eosinophilia
Authors: Winthereik M. Ploug , Spärck J. V. , Lundberg L. , Sompolinsky D. 
Published: May 2007

Ploug Winthereik M, Spärck JV, Lundberg L, Sompolinsky D. Genetic control of eosinophilia in guinea pig strains inbred for high or low bronchial allergic reactivity. 2. A genetic study of spontaneous and immunization‐induced eosinophilia.In 4 inbred strains of guinea pig the tendency to develop peripheral high‐eosinophilia was shown to be genetically controlled. The development of eosinophilia with age and following immunization was examined in high‐ and low‐eosinophilic parental strains, in F1‐hybrids and in backcross offspring. The results show that probably only one or a very few segregating genes control eosinophilia, and they also indicate that different genes are involved in the determination of spontaneous (age‐related) and immunization‐induced eosinophilia.
Histamine‐induced bronchoconstriction in conscious guinea pigs measured by strain‐gauge transduction A new method
Authors: Engel A. , Lundberg L. , Faarup P. , Faurschou P. 
Published: May 2007

Engel A, Lundberg L, Faarup P, Faurschou P. Histamine‐induced bronchoconstriction in conscious guinea pigs measured by strain‐gauge transduction. A new method.A new objective method for measuring histaminedihydrochloride‐induced bronchoconstriction in conscious guinea pigs has been developed. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether identical results could be obtained when the clinical observation of conscious guinea pigs with symptoms of respiratory distress (bronchoconstriction) was compared to an objective measuring technique of this parameter. An evaluation of the repeatability of the method was made and the respiration frequence (fR) and histamincdihydrochloride challenge concentration were compared to see whether there was a correlation between the two. Consequently, an appartatus was built that allowed simultaneous recording of breathing pattern and clinical observation of the animal being challenged. The breathing pattern was recorded by a strain‐gauge transducer, connected to a measuring bridge, and the curves obtained on a jet ink x‐y writer were used for calculating changes in duration of expiratory phase (Te) and fR. During the attacks of histaminedihydrochloride‐induced bronchoconstriction a significantly prolonged Te could be calculated from the respiration curves. A high degree of agreement was found between this objective measure and clinically observed respiratory distress. The repeatability of the method was comparable to that of corresponding methods used for histaminedihydrochloride challenge in man. No obvious correlation was found between changes in fR and histamincdihydrochloride challenge concentration.
Bronchial asthma induced by chick pea and lentil
Authors: Martin J. A. , Compaired J. A. , de la Hoz B. , Quirce S. , Alonso M. D. , Igea J. M. , Losada E. 
Published: May 2007

Martin JA, Compaired JA, dc la Hoz B, Quirce S, Alonso MD, Igca JM, Losada E. Bronchial asthma induced by chick pea and lentil.Allergic reactions to legumes through inhalation have rarely been described. We report the case of a 20‐year‐old man who experienced asthmatic attacks when exposed to the steam from cooking either chick pea or lentil. Type I hypersensitivity to the antigens in these legumes was demonstrated by means of immediate skin reactivity, histamine release tests, RAST and RAST inhibition. Specific bronchial challenges with the heated (75° for 30 min) extracts of chick pea and lentil elicited isolated immediate responses.
Development of increased airway responsiveness in two nurses performing methacholine and histamine challenge tests
Authors: Lundgren R. , Söderberg M. , Rosenhall L. , Norrman E. 
Published: May 2007

Lundgren R, Söderberg M, Rosenhall L, Norrman E. Development of increased airway responsiveness in two nurses performing methacholine and histamine challenge tests.Two nurses who frequently examined patients with methacholine or histamine challenge tests developed increased airway responsiveness and symptoms of asthma. It is important to use a good system for evacuating the test aerosol during challenge tests.
Occupational asthma in the confectionary industry caused by sensitivity to egg
Authors: Carmona J. G. Blanco , Picón S. Juste , Sotillos M. Garcés , Gastón P. Rodriguez 
Published: May 2007

Blanco Carmona JG, Juste Picón S, Garcés Sotillos M, Rodriguez Gaston P. Occupational asthma in the confectionary industry caused by sensitivity to egg.We report on a patient with asthma induced by occupational exposure to egg used to spray cakes before baking. A type I hypersensitivity to egg white was demonstrated by means of skin test, immunoassay for specific IgE, and immediate bronchial provocation test response to an egg white extract.
Comparative Therapeutic Studies with Tilavist
Authors: Alexander Michael 
Published: May 2007

SummaryComparative clinical trials which include known therapies as well as placebos are essential in constructing a solid basis from which to ‘launch’ any new drug. This applies especially to eye drops for treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, where the symptomatology, already dependent on the vagaries of the natural pollen challenge season, is further influenced by a positive washing action of the placebo eye drops. Tilavist (2% nedocromil sodium ophthalmic solution) has therefore been compared with sodium cromoglycate eye drops and non‐sedating antihistamine tablets, both mainstays in the treatment of seasonal allergy, in a series of double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, mainly multicentre studies. Nedocromil sodium, twice or four times daily, proved as effective overall as sodium cromoglycate (2% or 4% four times daily) in three seasonal trials, and was the more effective treatment in a study of patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Its efficacy was most evident during peak periods of pollen challenge, when neither placebo nor sodium cromoglycate eye drops controlled breakthrough symptoms. Three further seasonal studies showed nedocromil sodium eye drops to be as effective as standard oral doses of astemizole and terfenadine, whilst a faster onset of action than terfenadine was reported in one multicentre study.
ESTIMATION ERROR IN SECTORAL EMPLOYMENT REQUIREMENTS IN THE ABSENCE OF A DOMESTIC COEFFICIENTS MATRIX IN THE INPUT‐OUTPUT ANALYSIS
Authors: Parikh A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe objective of the paper is to develop various estimation methods for allocating imports according to their end‐use and to make use of the derived domestic transactions for the estimation of gross domestic output and employment by sectors. The standard design in the construction of input‐output tables is to provide imports of a sector in the form of a column. These imports are not allocated according to their final use and therefore, total intermediate inputs consist of both domestic and imported inputs. The input‐output tables for 12 European countries distinguish three types of transactions: (a) domestically produced inputs; (b) imported inputs; and (c) total inputs. We have made use of these tables assuming that the information on import allocation by end‐use and domestically produced and imported inputs separately are not available. The allocations of imports are made under various assumptions and a comparison is made of employment based on artificially generated domestic coefficients with employment based on actual coefficients. The sectors are ranked on the basis of both sets of results. In addition, the ratio of indirect to direct employment for the estimators and actual is derived. The sectors are ranked and the rank correlations between alternative estimators and actual are calculated. Although the ratios differ markedly from method to method, the ranks do not alter.