bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damage detection of a steel–concrete composite frame by a multilevel approach: Experimental measurements and modal identification
Authors: Chellini Giuseppe , De Roeck Guido , Nardini Luca , Salvatore Walter 
Published: August 2008

AbstractStructural Health Monitoring (SHM) and Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) have revealed to be really efficient tools for the damage detection of structures and structural elements in many engineering fields (Shock Vib. Dig. 1998; 30(2):91–105; Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 2007; 365(1851):303–315; Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 2003; 17(1):133–142; Philos. Trans. R. Soc.: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 2001; 359(1778): 131–149; Struct. Control Health Monit. 2006; 14:1083–1100; Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 2004; 17(1): 83–89). Unfortunately the great variety of morphologies, construction materials and structural schemes makes these techniques not easily applicable to buildings, due to inherent problems related to the location and the extent of damage, the sensitivity of the dynamic response to damage, the choice of damage indexes to be used, the sensors' location, etc.On the other hand, the modern seismic capacity design of buildings in earthquake‐prone areas tends to locate dissipative zones in well‐determined portions of structures (CEN, European Committee for Standardization, EN 1998‐1. Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance. Part 1: General Rules, Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings, European Community, Brussels, Belgium, 2005); thus, the application of vibration‐based damage detection techniques to earthquake‐resistant structures seems to be very promising even if nowadays there are only few studies on these arguments.The present paper reports the experiences of a vibration‐based damage identification study applied to a steel–concrete composite frame structure, suitably designed to be high ductile according to Eurocode 8 and localizing the seismic energy dissipation in the beam‐to‐column joints. The structure was subjected to series of pseudo‐dynamic (PsD) and cyclic tests with increasing peak ground acceleration at the European Laboratory for Structural Assessment of Joint Research Centre at Ispra (VA, Italy). The damaging phenomena, caused by PsD tests, were assessed and quantified by means of a multi‐level vibration‐based approach suitably designed in order to evaluate the changes in the global dynamic structural response and to experimentally estimate the reduction in joint stiffness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental performance evaluation of an equipment isolation using MR dampers
Authors: Fan Yu‐Cheng , Loh Chin‐Hsiung , Yang Jann N. , Lin Pei‐Yang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCritical non‐structural equipments, including life‐saving equipment in hospitals, circuit breakers, computers, high technology instrumentations, etc., are vulnerable to strong earthquakes, and the failure of these equipments may result in a heavy economic loss. In this connection, innovative control systems and strategies are needed for their seismic protections. This paper presents the performance evaluation of passive and semi‐active control in the equipment isolation system for earthquake protection. Through shaking table tests of a 3‐story steel frame with equipment on the first floor, a magnetorheological (MR)‐damper together with a sliding friction pendulum isolation system is placed between the equipment and floor to reduce the vibration of the equipment. Various control algorithms are used for this semi‐active control studies, including the decentralized sliding mode control (DSMC) and LQR control. The passive‐on and passive‐off control of MR damper is used as a reference for the discussion on the control effectiveness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The fault is not in her parents but in her insula—A neurobiological hypothesis of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Nunn Ken , Frampton Ian , Gordon Isky , Lask Bryan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe reported abnormalities of brain function in anorexia nervosa (AN) include impairment of neural circuits involving cortical (orbito‐frontal, somatosensory and parietal) and sub‐cortical (amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus and striatum) structures. The insular cortex serves an integrative function for all the structures relevant to the features of AN and as such may be central to this impairment. We hypothesise that a rate limiting dysfunction of neural circuitry integrated by the insula can account for the clinical phenomena of AN. Such dysfunction could account for the known psychopathology, neuroimaging abnormalities and neuropsychological deficits. Proposals to test this hypothesis are made. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Comparison of antioxidants to prevent oxidation of sulphur flavour compound in sunflower oil
Authors: Leclercq Ségolène , Milo Christian , Reineccius Gary A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of various antioxidants in slowing sulphur flavour compound oxidation in oil matrix. A model aroma compound mixture was prepared in sunflower oil and stored for 8 weeks. Six systems were studied, in which samples contained: 0.01% δ‐tocopherol; 0.05% rosemary extract or a mixture of 0.02% (ratio 1:1) δ‐tocopherol and ascorbyl palmitate; or of butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT); and lastly with no antioxidant added, with low‐Oxygen level or with ambient air oxygen level. Aroma volatiles were analysed by static headspace–GC–FID to determine stability over time. The effect of each antioxidant system on their stability was generally compound‐dependent: BHA/BHT and systems containing tocopherol did not provide any significant protection (p > 0.05) to furfuryl mercaptan (FMCP), dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and propane thiol (1‐PSH), but did protect 2‐butanethiol (2‐BSH) over 8 weeks of storage. In contrast, adding rosemary extract did not improve the stability of 2‐BSH but substantially protected the three other compounds. Overall, less reactive sulphur compounds were better protected by the presence of antioxidants. While all antioxidants systems reduced oxidation of the oil matrix over time, they were not as effective in reducing the losses of flavour compounds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology of secretory structures and essential oil composition in Mentha cervina L. from Portugal
Authors: Rodrigues Leandra , Monteiro Patrícia , Póvoa Orlanda , Teixeira Generosa , Moldão Margarida , Figueiredo Ana Cristina , Monteiro Ana 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMentha cervina L. is an aromatic plant that is traditionally used in the Alentejo region of Portugal to flavour food dishes and for the medicinal properties of the essential oil produced in its glandular trichomes. The morphology and distribution of the secretory structures of 20 populations was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy and revealed a great similarity in the type and distribution of glandular and non‐glandular trichomes. In addition, two populations were surveyed at different stages of their life cycles. This showed that both maximum trichome density and maximum filling capacity of the glandular trichomes are attained early on. The GC and GC–MS chemical analyses showed that pulegone (62–80%), isomenthone (3–18%) and limonene (3–7%) are the main components of M. cervina essential oils. Cluster analysis of the identified essential oil components revealed a major chemical consistency between the 20 populations evaluated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile constituents from the rhizomes of Curcuma haritha Mangaly and Sabu from southern India
Authors: Raj Gopan , Baby Sabulal , Dan Mathew , Thaha Abdul Rasheed Muhammed , Sethuraman Mathur Gopalakrishnan , George Varughese 
Published: August 2008

AbstractVolatile oil from the rhizomes of Curcuma haritha Mangaly and Sabu from the Western Ghats, southern India, was isolated by hydrodistillation and characterized by a combination of GC–FID, GC–MS, co‐GC, database and literature search, linear retention indices, prep. TLC, IR, NMR and MS. Refractive index, specific rotation and specific gravity of C. haritha rhizome oil were measured. Fifty constituents, comprising 99.9% of C. haritha rhizome oil, were identified, of which monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes constituted 7.7%, 72.0%, 1.9% and 18.2%, respectively. Camphor (36.0%), 1,8‐cineole (13.9%), isoborneol (10.6%), camphene (5.7%) and linalool (4.7%) were the major monoterpenes, while curdione (6.9%), furanogermenone (3.3%) and germacrone (2.8%) were the major sesquiterpenoids in C. haritha rhizome oil. Camphor and curdione were quantified by external standardization. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical investigation of hemodynamics at an end‐to‐side junction with a laterally diffused bypass graft
Authors: Kim Yong Hyun , Lee Joon Sang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIntimal hyperplasia (IH) at arterial bypass graft is a major factor responsible for graft failure. Several techniques are used to explain IH formation at the end‐to‐side anastomosis junction. Abnormal hemodynamics contributing to the development of disease at the junction is the one of most common theories. This study describes a means of modifying the area of bypass graft at the junction part. This procedure, called the laterally diffused bypass graft (LDBG), is able to alter the hemodynamics in the end‐to‐side anastomosis. The LDBG model, due to an expansion of the outer curvature in the graft, reduces the velocity on the artery bed, side and top junction walls. The recirculation with velocity vectors on the host artery is significantly altered near the heel region on the host artery. Wall shear stress is decreased by up to 34% on the floor of artery centerline at the peak systole and by 61.9% on the top junction of artery during the systole deceleration. Corresponding time‐averaged wall shear stresses are found to decrease by 40.5%. Secondary flow is observed to be decreased significantly at the distal junction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tectonic environments of ancient civilizations in the eastern hemisphere
Authors: Force Eric R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe map distribution of ancient civilizations shows a remarkable correspondence with tectonic boundaries related to the southern margin of the Eurasian plate. Quantification of this observation shows that the association is indeed significant, and both historical records and archaeoseismological work show that these civilizations commonly suffered earthquake damage. Close association of ancient civilizations with tectonic activity seems to be a pattern of some kind. In the hope that dividing the civilizations into subsets might clarify the meaning of this relation, primary and derivative civilizations were compared. Derivative civilizations prove to be far more closely related to the tectonic boundaries. Similarly, the civilizations that endured the longest (and that have been described as most static) are systematically the farthest from plate boundaries. It is still unclear how the relation actually worked in ancient cultures, i.e., what aspects of tectonism promoted complexity. Linkages to water and other resources, trade (broadly construed), and societal response seem likely. Volcanism appears not to be involved. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene lake‐level fluctuations in the Lahontan Basin, Nevada: Implications for the distribution of archaeological sites
Authors: Adams Kenneth D. , Goebel Ted , Graf Kelly , Smith Geoffrey M. , Camp Anna J. , Briggs Richard W. , Rhode David 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe Great Basin of the western U.S. contains a rich record of Late Pleistocene and Holocene lake‐level fluctuations as well as an extensive record of human occupation during the same time frame. We compare spatial‐temporal relationships between these records in the Lahontan basin to consider whether lake‐level fluctuations across the Pleistocene‐Holocene transition controlled distribution of archaeological sites. We use the reasonably well‐dated archaeological record from caves and rockshelters as well as results from new pedestrian surveys to investigate this problem. Although lake levels probably reached maximum elevations of about 1230–1235 m in the different subbasins of Lahontan during the Younger Dryas (YD) period, the duration that the lakes occupied the highest levels was brief. Paleoindian and Early Archaic archaeological sites are concentrated on somewhat lower and slightly younger shorelines (_1220–1225 m) that also date from the Younger Dryas period. This study suggests that Paleoindians often concentrated their activities adjacent to large lakes and wetland resources soon after they first entered the Great Basin. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activating NK cell receptor ligands are differentially expressed during progression to cervical cancer
Authors: Textor Sonja , Dürst Matthias , Jansen Lars , Accardi Rosita , Tommasino Massimo , Trunk Marcus J. , Porgador Angel , Watzl Carsten , Gissmann Lutz , Cerwenka Adelheid 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHuman papillomavirus‐induced cervical carcinomas often show impaired expression of MHC class I molecules resulting in the inability of tumor cells to directly present viral peptides to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Loss of MHC class I expression combined with the expression of activating NK cell receptor ligands renders tumor cells potentially susceptible to NK cell attack. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the expression of activating NK cell receptor ligands, NK cell accumulation and activation status in situ in normal ectocervical tissue (NCT), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous cervical carcinoma (CxCa). We observed that expression of the DNAM‐1 ligand CD155 was frequently upregulated in CxCa, but not in CIN. The NKG2D ligand MICA was upregulated in fewer CxCa biopsies. In contrast, another NKG2D ligand ULBP2 was preferentially expressed in differentiated epithelial cells of NCT. Increased numbers of NK cells were detected in CIN as compared to NCT and CxCa. Expression of activating NK cell receptor ligands combined with loss of MHC class I was not correlated with enhanced NK cell accumulation or activation status. Furthermore, we demonstrate that cervical cancer cell lines are killed by the NK cell line, NKL, in a NKG2D‐ and DNAM‐1‐dependent manner in vitro. Since a significant number of CxCa biopsies showed low MHC class I expression combined with high expression of one or more of the tested activating NK cell receptor ligands, we conclude that CxCa might be a promising target for NK cell‐based adoptive immunotherapy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MLH1 −93G>A promoter polymorphism and risk of mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer
Authors: Allan James M. , Shorto Jennifer , Adlard Julian , Bury Jonathan , Coggins Ron , George Rina , Katory Mark , Quirke Philip , Richman Susan , Scott Daniel , Scott Kathryn , Seymour Matthew , Travis Lois B. , Worrillow Lisa J. , Bishop D. Timothy , Cox Angela ,   on behalf of the UK NCRI Colorectal Clinical Studies Group and the Colorectal Cancer Study Group
Published: August 2008

AbstractRare inherited mutations in the mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) DNA mismatch repair gene can confer an increased susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) with high penetrance where disease frequently develops in the proximal colon. The core promoter of MLH1 contains a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (−93G>A, dbSNP ID:rs1800734) located in a region essential for maximum transcriptional activity. We used logistic regression analysis to examine the association between this variant and risk of CRC in patients in the United Kingdom. All statistical tests were 2 sided. In an analysis of 1,518 patients with CRC, homozygosity for the MLH1 −93A variant was associated with a significantly increased 3‐fold risk of CRC negative for MLH1 protein by immunohistochemistry (odds ratio (OR): AA vs GG = 3.30, 95% CI 1.46–7.47, n = 1392, p = 0.004, MLH1 negative vs MLH1 positive CRC) and with a 68% excess of proximal CRC (OR: AA vs GG=1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–2.83, n = 1,518, p = 0.05, proximal vs distal CRC). These findings suggest that the MLH1 −93G>A polymorphism defines a low penetrance risk allele for CRC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Angiostatic activity of obtustatin as α1β1 integrin inhibitor in experimental melanoma growth
Authors: Brown Meghan C. , Staniszewska Izabela , Del Valle Luis , Tuszynski George P. , Marcinkiewicz Cezary 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe presented results show the effect of targeting of collagen receptor, α1β1 integrin expressed on the endothelial cells on the development of experimental melanoma and pathological angiogenesis. Obtustatin, a snake venom KTS‐disintegrin, was applied as a specific inhibitor of this integrin. This low molecular weight peptide revealed a potent therapeutic effect on melanoma progression in 2 animal systems, mouse and quail. Its oncostatic effect was related to the inhibition of angiogenesis. Obtustatin inhibited the neovascularization ratio on the CAM embryo of quail, which was pathologically induced by the developing tumor. The i.v. administration of obtustatin completely blocked cancer growth of MV3 human melanoma in nude mice. In B16F10 syngeneic mouse model treatment with the disintegrin revealed a lower effect, although the development of the tumor was significantly reduced for both dosages. The mechanism of obtustatin action is related to the blocking of microvascular endothelial cell proliferation, which undergoes apoptosis in caspase‐dependent manner. Summarizing, we present studies of low molecular weight disintegrin, obtustatin as a potential therapeutic compound for treatment of melanoma that contain a high level of vascularization. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selenite induces topoisomerase I and II‐DNA complexes in K562 leukemia cells
Authors: López‐Lázaro Miguel , Willmore Elaine , Elliott Sarah L. , Austin Caroline A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe essential trace element selenium is one of the most promising cancer chemopreventive agents. Data from preclinical studies have revealed that selenite, an inorganic form of selenium, may also be useful in cancer chemotherapy. DNA topoisomerases (topos) are the target of several useful anticancer drugs. These drugs induce DNA complexes with either topo I or topo II; then cellular processing coverts these topo‐DNA complexes into permanent DNA strand breaks that ultimately lead to cell death. Previous reports have revealed that selenite can induce apoptosis in cancer cells selectively and that selenite‐induced apoptosis is preceded by the formation of DNA strand breaks. In vitro experiments have shown that selenite induces topo II‐DNA complexes, which seem to be involved in selenite‐induced apoptosis. Using the cell‐based assay TARDIS, here we show that selenite induces topo II‐DNA complexes (topo IIα and topo IIβ) in K562 leukemia cells; these complexes appeared in a time‐dependent manner and correlated with the induction of apoptosis. Cells lacking topo IIβ were resistant to selenite‐induced cell growth inhibition, suggesting that this isoenzyme is a target for selenite. We report for the first time that selenite induces topo I‐DNA complexes in K562 cells; the levels of these complexes were high at short exposure times and seem to appear before the induction of apoptosis. Overall, our results show that selenite induces topo‐DNA complexes in cells with both topo I and II, and support previous data that suggest that this agent has potential for the treatment of cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antiproliferative effects of AVN944, a novel inosine 5‐monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Floryk Daniel , Thompson Timothy C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractInosine 5‐monophosphate dehydrogenase II, a key enzyme in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides, is expressed in prostate tumors and prostate cancer cells. AVN944 is a new, specific, noncompetitive IMPDH inhibitor. In this study, we investigated the effects of IMPDH inhibitor AVN944 on LNCaP, CWR22Rv1, DU145 and PC‐3 human prostate cancer cells. AVN944 inhibited proliferation of these 4 prostate cancer cell lines and was associated with cell cycle G1 arrest of LNCaP cells and S‐phase block of androgen‐independent CWR22Rv1, DU145 and PC‐3 cells. AVN944 induced caspase‐dependentand caspase‐independent cell death in LNCaP, CWR22Rv1, and DU145 cells. AVN944 induced expression of p53‐target proteins Bok, Bax and Noxa in androgen‐responsive cell lines and suppressed expression of survivin in prostate cancer cells regardless of their androgen sensitivity. AVN944 also induced differentiation of androgen‐independent prostate cancer cells as indicated by morphological changes and increased expression of genes coding for prostasomal proteins, keratins and other proteins, including tumor suppressor genes MIG‐6 and NDRG1. AVN944‐differentiated androgen‐independent DU145 and PC‐3 cells are sensitized to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis as demonstrated by induction of caspases and PARP cleavage. In summary, AVN944 inhibited the growth of human prostate cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest, cell death as well as differentiation. AVN944 is a novel, promising therapeutic agent that might be combined with other agents for treatment of human prostate cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
KAI1/CD82 is a novel target of estrogen receptor‐mediated gene repression and downregulated in primary human breast cancer
Authors: Christgen Matthias , Bruchhardt Henriette , Ballmaier Matthias , Krech Till , Länger Florian , Kreipe Hans , Lehmann Ulrich 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe cell‐surface glycoprotein KAI1 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in various animal models. Downregulation of KAI1 has been implicated in the progression of cancer. However, the mechanisms of KAI1 inactivation are poorly understood. This is the first study that investigates expression and regulation of KAI1 in human breast cancer. KAI1 expression was analyzed on custom‐made tissue microarrays comprising 209 well‐characterized breast cancers and normal mammary gland tissue. Strong KAI1 immunoreactivity was observed throughout the normal mammary gland epithelium. In breast cancer tissue, KAI1 immunoreactivity was lost in 161/209 (77%) cases. Strikingly, KAI1 was preferentially lost in estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancers (p < 0.001). This was validated by real‐time RT‐PCR analyses showing a 7.5‐fold downregulation of KAI1 mRNA in ER‐positive relative to ER‐negative tumors (p = 0.028). Notably, this was also corroborated by Affymetrix microarray expression data of an independent cohort of 49 breast cancers. Class comparison analysis identified KAI1 as downregulated in ER‐positive tumors. Subsequently, human breast cancer cell lines were employed to test a potential role of ER‐activity in the downregulation of KAI1, as suggested by our expression analyses. Exposure of ER‐positive breast cancer cells to fulvestrant, a clinically approved ER‐antagonist that reverses ER‐mediated gene repression, induced a significant upregulation of KAI1 and inhibited cell proliferation as well as migration. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that KAI1 is a target of ER‐mediated gene‐repression, and thus, it is downregulated in ER‐positive breast cancer. Importantly, KAI1 might be reinducible by endocrine therapy with ER‐antagonists in patients suffering from ER‐positive breast cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.