bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verifiable quantum protocol for dynamic secure multiparty summation based on homomorphic encryption
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Authors: Luo Mei , Li Fulin , Liu Li , Zhu Shixin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The research of quantum secure multiparty computation is a subject of great importance in modern cryptography. In this study, we construct a verifiable quantum protocol for dynamic secure multiparty summation based on the cyclic property of d-level MUBs. Our protocol can realize dynamic parameter update in the aspect of members and secret inputs, improving the practicality of the protocol. Moreover, a verification mechanism for result checking by applying ElGamal homomorphic encryption is given, and further enables the detectability of cheating behaviors, making our protocol safer. The security analysis proves the proposed protocol not only can resist a range of typical attacks from outside and inside, but also is secure against dishonest revoked participant attack which has been neglected in previous dynamic quantum summation protocols. From a theoretical perspective, compared with existing summation protocols, the protocol provides better practicability, higher privacy protection, and higher efficiency.
Automated detection of vertebral body misalignments in orthogonal kV and MV guided radiotherapy: application to a comprehensive retrospective dataset
Authors: Charters John A , Luximon Dishane , Petragallo Rachel , Neylon Jack , Low Daniel A , Lamb James M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. In image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT), off-by-one vertebral body misalignments are rare but potentially catastrophic. In this study, a novel detection method for such misalignments in IGRT was investigated using densely-connected convolutional networks (DenseNets) for applications towards real-time error prevention and retrospective error auditing. Approach. A total of 4213 images acquired from 527 radiotherapy patients aligned with planar kV or MV radiographs were used to develop and test error-detection software modules. Digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) and setup images were retrieved and co-registered according to the clinically applied alignment contained in the DICOM REG files. A semi-automated algorithm was developed to simulate patient positioning errors on the anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral (LAT) images shifted by one vertebral body. A DenseNet architecture was designed to classify either AP images individually or AP and LAT image pairs. Receiver-operator characteristic curves (ROC) and areas under the curves (AUC) were computed to evaluate the classifiers on test subsets. Subsequently, the algorithm was applied to the entire dataset in order to retrospectively determine the absolute off-by-one vertebral body error rate for planar radiograph guided RT at our institution from 2011–2021. Main results. The AUCs for the kV models were 0.98 for unpaired AP and 0.99 for paired AP-LAT. The AUC for the MV AP model was 0.92. For a specificity of 95%, the paired kV model achieved a sensitivity of 99%. Application of the model to the entire dataset yielded a per-fraction off-by-one vertebral body error rate of 0.044% [0.0022%, 0.21%] for paired kV IGRT including one previously unreported error. Significance. Our error detection algorithm was successful in classifying vertebral body positioning errors with sufficient accuracy for retrospective quality control and real-time error prevention. The reported positioning error rate for planar radiograph IGRT is unique in being determined independently of an error reporting system.
Application of Jacobi stability analysis to a first-order dynamical system: relation between nonlinearizability of one-dimensional differential equation and Jacobi stable region
Authors: Hirakui Yuma , Yajima Takahiro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this study, we discuss Jacobi stability in equilibrium and nonequilibrium regions for a first-order one-dimensional system using deviation curvatures. The deviation curvature is calculated using the Kosambi-Cartan-Chern theory, which is applied to second-order differential equations. The deviation curvatures of the first-order one-dimensional differential equations are calculated using two methods as follows. Method 1 is only differentiating both sides of the equation. Additionally, Method 2 is differentiating both sides of the equation and then substituting the original equation into the second-order system. From the general form of the deviation curvatures calculated using each method, the analytical results are obtained as (A), (B), and (C). (A) Equilibrium points are Jacobi unstable for both methods; however, the type of equilibrium points is different. In Method 1, the equilibrium point is a nonisolated fixed point. Conversely, the equilibrium point is a saddle point in Method 2. (B) When there is a Jacobi stable region, the size of the Jacobi stable region in the Method 1 is different from that in Method 2. Especially, the Jacobi stable region in Method 1 is always larger than that in Method 2. (C) When there are multiple equilibrium points, the Jacobi stable region always exists in the nonequilibrium region located between the equilibrium points. These results are confirmed numerically using specific dynamical systems, which are given by the logistic equation and its evolution equation with the Hill function. From the results of (A) and (B), differences in types of equilibrium points affect the size of the Jacobi stable region. From (C), the Jacobi stable regions appear as nonequilibrium regions where the equations cannot be linearized.
Improving acid-stressed anaerobic digestion processes with biochar - towards a combined biomass and carbon management system
Authors: Hu Jiahui , Wachendorf Michael , Gwenzi Willis , Joseph Ben , Stenchly Kathrin , Kaetzl Korbinian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Interest in biochar as an additive to enhance anaerobic digestion (AD) has grown in the context of biomass cascading use and the 2050 net-zero goal. However, few studies have investigated the effects of biochar on AD from a biochar production perspective, including biomass feedstocks and pyrolysis temperatures. To valorise biomass and better understand the mechanisms and environmental implications of using biochar in AD, this study investigated the effects of distinct biochar types on AD under acid stress-induced process inhibition using batch tests. The results demonstrated that biochar can mitigate acid stress and enhance the methane production rate. The kinetic rate constant of methane production is positively related to the buffer capacity of the tested biochars (R
2 = 0.88). The choice of feedstocks is a crucial factor (P = 0.003), particularly the best-performing biochars derived from raw grass silage. In contrast, the pyrolysis temperature effect was less significant (P = 0.18). Furthermore, the analysis of biochar indicates that the alkali (K) and alkaline earth (Ca, Mg) metals contained in biochar may be one of the important factors contributing to buffer capacity (R
2 = 0.82 to 0.86). Hence, buffer capacity is a crucial quality criteria when evaluating biochar for AD applications. Raw grass silage biochars are promising for acid stress mitigation due to their high buffer capacity, while carbon-rich woody biochars have high CO2 sequestration potential. A compromise between mitigating acid stress and sequestering carbon is the use of pre-treated grass biochar. Overall, the use of biochar-enriched digestate offers a potential way to close material loops and complete the biomass-to-biochar value chain.
Comparative study of composite single crystal and polycrystalline YAG:Ce phosphors for laser-based lighting applications
Authors: Chakraborty M , Hasan Md Mahmudul , Jadwisienczak W M , Rahman F 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
YAG:Ce, a widely employed phosphor for LED wavelength conversion applications, comes in different forms, including polycrystal (powder), single crystal, and composite single crystal varieties. We investigated Epoch NeoTM, a composite single crystal incorporating Al2O3 as a heat distribution and optical guiding material embedded within its luminescent core. The properties of Epoch Neo were analyzed and compared with those of its polycrystal counterparts in this paper. Multiple characterization techniques like chromaticity points, color temperature, phosphor temperature, and speckle pattern were employed to study the effect of variable laser input power on both polycrystal powder and composite single crystal of YAG:Ce. It was found that under the influence of pumping blue laser high input optical power the composite single crystal phosphor’s performance was significantly better compared to that of the polycrystal.
Design and development of speckle-free high-power laser-driven phosphor converted compact automotive headlamp module
Authors: Kumar Virendra , Sharma Parag , Mehta Dalip Singh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The applicability of diode-lasers in automobile headlights is an advanced innovation for the automobile illumination industry due to the extraordinary properties of laser light over conventional light sources, such as high brightness, wide colour gamut, high directionality, low energy consumptions and long lifetime. Lasers are highly coherent in nature, so they encounter the problem of unwanted speckles and spurious fringes and always require a high level of opto-thermal engineering along with speckle reduction mechanisms for high lumen laser applications. Targeting such challenges, in this paper, we report an innovative design and development scheme for a high lumen laser-based automotive headlamp module. The headlamp prototype comprises a set of four cylindrical diffusers which distribute the high energy laser radiation via scattering along the length of the diffusers within a metallic mirro-based pyramidal cavity reflector. The scattered laser light from cylindrical diffusers interacts with a remote phosphor layer that prevents phosphor–resin burning. The pyramidal cavity reflector plays an important role in making the laser light uniform and speckle-free, via spatial and angular diversity, as light exits from the cavity after multiple internal reflections. This reflector redirects the highly concentrated white light over a long range without using any projection lens. The design and performance of the headlight system was studied using TracePro simulation software and tested experimentally in a photometric laboratory. The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) coordinates of the light generated by the headlamp was (0.3947, 0.4908) and the correlated colour temperature was 4240 K, which represents warm white light illumination.
Ultraviolet supercontinuum generation using a differentially-pumped integrated glass chip
Authors: Wanie Vincent , Barbato Pasquale , Hahne Josina , Ryabchuk Sergey , Wahid Ammar Bin , Amorim David , Månsson Erik P , Trabattoni Andrea , Osellame Roberto , Martínez Vázquez Rebeca , Calegari Francesca 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We investigate the generation of ultrabroadband femtosecond ultraviolet (UV) radiation via third-order harmonic generation in highly confined gas media. A dual-stage differential-pumping scheme integrated into a glass microfluidic chip provides an exceptional gas confinement up to several bar and allows the apparatus to be operated under high-vacuum environment. UV pulses are generated both in argon and neon with up to ∼0.8 μJ energy and 0.2% conversion efficiency for spectra that cover the UVB and UVC regions between 200 and 325 nm. Numerical simulations based on the unidirectional pulse propagation equation reveal that ionization plays a critical role for extending the spectral bandwidth of the generated third-harmonic pulse beyond the tripled 800 nm driving laser pulse bandwidth. By delivering UV supercontinua supporting Fourier transform limits below 2 fs, as well as comparable pulse energies with respect to capillary-based techniques that typically provide high spectral tunability but produce narrower bandwidths, our compact device makes a step forward towards the production and application of sub-fs UV pulses for the investigation of electron dynamics in neutral molecules.
Influence of oleic acid coating on the magnetic susceptibility and Fenton reaction-mediated ROS generation by the iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Aadinath W , Muthuvijayan Vignesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Fenton reaction-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by the iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) is responsible for its antibacterial activity. In general, IONPs are surface-coated to facilitate stability, control over size, biocompatibility, solubility, etc. We hypothesize that the extent of surface coating onto the IONPs might affect Fenton reaction-mediated ROS generation, which would eventually impact its antibacterial activity. In the present study, IONPs were prepared using the co-precipitation method, and different weights of oleic acid (OA) were loaded onto the IONPs. Pristine IONPs and oleic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (OA-IONPs) were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, goniometer, and thermogravimetric analysis. We found that magnetic susceptibilities of the IONPs were significantly enhanced with an increase in OA loading on the IONPs. The antibacterial study showed that the percentage inhibition was inversely related to the extent of oleic acid coating on the IONPs. The dependency of ROS generation on the extent of surface coating over IONPs was demonstrated using the 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) assay. Although pristine IONPs showed the least ROS generation, they exhibited maximum percentage inhibition of bacteria. This might be due to mechanical damage to the bacterial cells because of their crystalline nature. In vitro biocompatibility study conducted on L929 fibroblast cell lines indicated that all the nanoparticle preparations were cytocompatible. This study concluded that the extent of surface coating influences the Fenton reaction-mediated ROS generation and also the magnetic susceptibilities of the IONPs.
One-step synthesis of highly fluorescent perovskite nanocrystals in antisolvent for bioimaging
Authors: Nath Peuli , Ray Aniruddha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
All inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (CsPbX3 NCs) have excellent optical properties with high quantum yield, size tunable absorption and emission spectra which makes them popular for a wide variety of applications. All the commonly used synthesis techniques, such as hot injection and ligand assisted reprecipitation method (LARP), use ‘good’ solvent such as dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or octadecene to dissolve the precursor salts. The CsPbX3 NCs formation is triggered either by rapid injection of the dissolved precursor salt in hot mixture (hot injection) or by adding a ‘good’ solvent into a ‘poor’ solvent (LARP) that induces crystallization. Here, we present an alternative synthesis of CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystals in an antisolvent system, instead of a ‘good’ solvent. Crystallization in the antisolvent is induced by adding a trace amount of water, leading to the formation of highly bright CsPbX3 nanocrystals. This method resulted in a maximum photoluminescent quantum yield of ∼91%. Furthermore, these CsPbBr3 NCs can be modified to create core–shell structures with polymers such as silica, in the same pot. Encapsulating the NCs within a protective silica shell resulted in vastly superior water stability compared to the bare NCs. The silica coated CsPbBr3 NCs showed strong fluorescence in water were used to label breast cancer cells, thereby demonstrating its potential as an optical contrast agent for advanced bioimaging applications. Overall, this synthesis approach requires minimal steps and time, and can be carried out in an ambient atmosphere, thereby increasing its versatility and practicality, which is particularly attractive in low-resource settings.
Biosynthesis of high antibacterial silver chloride nanoparticles against Ralstonia solanacearum using spent mushroom substrate extract
Authors: Mo Wenjing , Yao Chunmei , Chen Hongsen , Nassor Aisha Khalfan , Gui Fangze , Hong Ciqing , Huang Tianpei , Guan Xiong , Xu Lei , Pan Xiaohong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this study, a green and highly efficient method was proposed to synthesize nano-silver chloride (nano-AgCl) using spent mushroom substrate (SMS) extract as a cheap reactant. Nanoparticles were characterized by a series of techniques like x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed the formation of near-spherical silver chloride nanoparticles with an average size of about 8.30 nm. Notably, the synthesized nano-silver chloride has a more prominent antibacterial effect against Ralstonia solanacearum (EC50 = 5.18 mg L−1) than non-nano-sized silver chloride particles, nano-silver chloride synthesized by chemical method, and commercial pesticides. In-depth, the study of the mechanism revealed that nano-silver chloride could cause cell membrane disruption, DNA damage and intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (·OH, ·O2− and 1O2), leading to peroxidation damage in Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum). Moreover, the reaction between nano-silver chloride and bacteria could be driven by intermolecular forces instead of electrostatic interactions. Our study provides a new approach to synthesizing nano-silver chloride as a highly efficient antibacterial agent and broadens the utilization of agricultural waste spent mushroom substrate.
Geopolitical Shakespeare
Authors: Sheen Erica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Geopolitical Shakespeare examines the entanglement of Shakespearian culture in the geopolitical dynamics of the post-war West. Taking its cue from a speech given by Albert Einstein in London in 1933, in which Shakespeare is cited as an example of the Western value of personal freedom threatened by the rise of Nazi Germany, it explores a series of events across the timeline of 1945–55 featuring key historical figures—scientists, lawyers, diplomats and politicians, writers, actors, and film-makers—who experienced the international tensions of the early Cold War through Shakespeare, or called on him to articulate them. It discusses political, diplomatic, cultural, and economic interactions within ‘core’ Western power relations—the USA, UK, and Europe, with particular reference to Germany—in which Shakespeare, or the idea of Shakespeare, was entangled in the struggle for new ideas and structures of community and society within intersecting fields of international law and diplomacy, politics and economics, film, theatre, and literature. Its subjects include John Humphrey and the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; the Nuremberg Trials and the foundation of West Germany; Laurence Olivier, David Selznick and the Shakespeare film in post-war Hollywood; Noel Annan and the Berlin Airlift; an American Hamlet in Elsinore, Graham Greene, V. S. Pritichettand The Third Man; Carl Schmitt and Salvador de Madariaga on Hamlet in post-war Europe; W. H. Auden, Hannah Arendt and the problem of forgiveness.
Placing the House in Order
Authors: Sheen Erica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses international lawyer John Humphrey’s work on the first draft of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Before joining the UN, Humphrey’s academic writing revealed his commitment to the attempt to create the legal basis for an international society. From 1948 onwards, his personal diary recorded his frustrations at the UN’s failure to rise to this challenge. His notion of Shakespeare as an ‘international possession’ comes into focus when he uses a reference to Hamlet to express his outrage at the ideologically motivated obstructions he encounters from the USSR and the USA on key elements of the human rights agenda, and when he selects Shakespeare’s play for his daily reading at a time of intense personal and professional crisis. The chapter establishes frames of reference for the book as a whole in its discussion of concepts of community and society.
Economic Iron Curtains
Authors: Sheen Erica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents an account of the confrontation between British actor Laurence Olivier and American producer David O. Selznick over what were effectively rights of property in films of Shakespeare plays. In April 1946, Selznick registered the titles of seven Shakespeare plays, including Hamlet, with the Title Registration Bureau of the Motion Picture Association of America. Following his refusal to allow Vivien Leigh to take the part of Katherine in Henry V, Selznick used this registration to try to frustrate Olivier’s plans for his celebrated production of Hamlet. The chapter discusses the importance of Shakespearean films in the internationalist milieu of the post-war American film industry, and tracks Selznick’s deployment of title registration as a form of industrial espionage into the anti-communist backlash of HUAC and the post-Marshall Plan stand-off between the British and American film industries in 1947–8.
Mighty Opposites
Authors: Sheen Erica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the political implications of Carl Schmitt’s brief reference to Salvador de Madariaga’s study On Hamlet (1948) in his essay Hamlet or Hecuba: The Intrusion of the Time into the Play. Beyond the occasional acknowledgement in a footnote, Madariaga’s presence in Hamlet or Hecuba has received almost no attention, but this chapter argues that it provides the key to an understanding of Schmitt’s controversial position in European intellectual life in the aftermath of World War II. It tracks their careers against each other across the 1920s and 1930s, juxtaposing Madariaga’s work on the European project in 1948–52 with Schmitt’s deployment of Hamlet as the vehicle for a renewed attack on European liberalism. The end of the chapter brings them together in late 1955, confronting Madariaga’s frustration with British and American failure to support European federation with Schmitt’s hopes for the renewal of a German-led politics of enmity.
Physiological functions of poorly absorbed polyphenols via the glucagon-like peptide-1
Authors: Yamashita Yoko 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Polyphenols are compounds of plant origin with several documented bioactivities related to health promotion. Some polyphenols are hard to be absorbed into the body due to their structural characteristics. This review focuses on the health beneficial effects of polyphenols mediated by intestinal hormones, particularly related to the systemic functions through the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an enteric hormone that stimulates postprandial insulin secretion. GLP-1 is secreted from L cells in the distal small intestine. Therefore, some poorly absorbed polyphenols are known to have the ability to act on the intestines and promote GLP-1 secretion. It has been reported that it not only reduces hyperglycemia but also prevents obesity by reduction of overeating and improves blood vessel function. This review discusses examples of health effects of polyphenols mediated by GLP-1 secretion.