bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue after treatment for early stage breast cancer
Authors: Jacobsen Paul B. , Donovan Kristine A. , Small Brent J. , Jim Heather S. , Munster Pamela N. , Andrykowski Michael A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Evidence suggests that fatigue may be a greater problem for cancer survivors than people without cancer. The present study sought to determine whether fatigue was greater in women who had completed treatment for early‐stage breast cancer relative to a demographically matched comparison group of women with no cancer history.METHODS.As part of a larger study, women with stage 0‐II breast cancer were recruited before the start of chemotherapy and radiotherapy (n = 100) or radiotherapy only (n = 121). Fatigue was assessed at the end of treatment and 2, 4, and 6 months later. An age‐ and geographically matched sample of women with no history of cancer was recruited and assessed for comparison purposes.RESULTS.Relative to comparison subjects, breast cancer survivors reported more days of fatigue in the past week at all 4 study assessments (P < .05). These differences appeared to be clinically meaningful in that a greater percentage of patients than nonpatients earned scores in the abnormal range on this measure at each assessment (P < .05). Additional analyses indicated that differences in fatigue between patients and comparison subjects were attributable primarily to heightened fatigue in women who received both chemotherapy and radiotherapy.CONCLUSIONS.Findings suggest that fatigue is a greater problem for breast cancer survivors in the 6 months after completion of chemotherapy than for women with no cancer history. Future research should include longer‐term follow‐up to determine the persistence of fatigue in this population of survivors. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Catalytic Production of Carbon Nanotubes by Fluidized‐Bed CVD
Authors: Philippe R. , Morançais A. , Corrias M. , Caussat B. , Kihn Y. , Kalck P. , Plee D. , Gaillard P. , Bernard D. , Serp P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe large scale production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a major issue for their use in industry. Among the different techniques used for their synthesis, catalytic (C)CVD in fluidized‐bed reactors appears one of the most promising. In this article we present the current state of this new technology and we aim to highlight its great flexibility through examples which depict the selective preparation of different kinds of carbon nanomaterials from different catalysts. Finally, we present the results of scale‐up experiments that permit an increase in carbon nanotube production by two orders of magnitude.
In‐Situ Coating of Silica Nanoparticles with Acrylate‐Based Polymers
Authors: Suffner J. , Schechner G. , Sieger H. , Hahn H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractNanoscale oxide/polymer composites consisting of a silica core coated with either methylmethacrylate (MMA) or ethyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate (ECA) are produced in‐situ by chemical vapor synthesis (CVS). In this process, a hot‐wall reactor is used for the preparation of the oxide core, followed by a plasma reactor to form the polymer coating. Deposition of the coating material was confirmed using nitrogen adsorption, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermal analysis (TGA). The influence of the monomer on the dispersability in polar and non‐polar media was investigated by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS).
CVD in a Fluidized Bed Reactor: A Method of Developing Coatings at Temperatures below 600 °C
Authors: Sánchez L. , Bolívar F. J. , del Pilar Hierro M. , Trilleros J. A. , Pérez F. J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe technique of CVD in a fluidized bed reactor (CVD‐FBR) has a useful application in obtaining a protective coating on a substrate using a low work temperature, less than 600 °C. In this way, ferritic steels such as P‐91, P‐92, or P‐122 can be coated at temperatures that do not change their microstructural properties. Coatings improve the chemical properties of substrates and their high temperature durability in corrosive environments.The aim of this paper is a general review of the deposition, co‐deposition, or modified deposition of several elements, such as Al, Si, Al/Si, and Al/Hf, that can form various coatings on ferritic steels at low temperature. Deposition on ferritic steel using CVD‐FBR has been studied. The coatings obtained are studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). In the Al and Al modified with Hf depositions, the coatings are composed only of (Fe,Cr)2Al5 or (Fe,Cr)2Al5 and (Fe,Cr)Al3 intermetallic phases, depending to the experimental conditions. The Al/Si coating is formed by (Fe,Cr)2(Al,Si)5, and, finally, the Si coating is composed of SiFe3 intermetallic phase.
ZrO2/SiO2 Fine Particle Synthesis by MOCVD
Authors: Moravec P. , Smolík J. , Keskinen H. , Mäkelä J. M. , Levdansky V. V. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBinary ZrO2/SiO2 fine particles are synthesized by simultaneous decomposition of zirconium tetra‐tert‐butoxide and tetraethyl orthosilicate in an externally heated tube flow reactor under an oxidizing atmosphere. Particle production and characteristics are studied in relation to dependence on the geometry of the inlet section arrangement, chemistry of precursor decomposition, precursor concentration, and reactor flow rate. Particle production is monitored by scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), the morphology of particles by scanning/transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), crystallinity by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and composition of particles by electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Particle production and their properties can be significantly affected by the geometry of the reactor inlet.
Simulating the Dynamics of Spouted‐Bed Nuclear Fuel Coaters
Authors: Pannala S. , Daw C. S. , Finney C. E. A. , Boyalakuntla D. , Syamlal M. , O'Brien T. J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe describe simulation studies of the dynamics of spouted beds used for CVD coating of nuclear fuel particles. Our principal modeling tool is the Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchanges (MFIX) code that was originally developed by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) for fossil energy process applications. In addition to standard MFIX features that allow coupling of transient hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer, and chemical kinetics, we employ special post‐processing tools to track particle mixing and circulation as functions of operating conditions and bed design. We describe in detail one major feature of the dynamics, which is the occurrence of very regular spontaneous pulsations of gas and particle flow in the spout. These pulsations appear to be critically linked to the entrainment and circulation of solids, and they produce readily accessible dynamic pressure variations that can be used for direct comparisons of model predictions with experiments. Spouted‐bed dynamics are important from a CVD perspective because they directly determine the magnitude and variability of the concentration and species gradients in the zone where reactant gases first come into contact with hot particles. As this unsteady spouted‐bed environment differs from other types of CVD reactors, the design and scale‐up of such reactors is likely to involve unique modeling issues. Our primary goal here is to lay the groundwork for how computational simulation can be used to address these modeling issues in the specific context of nuclear fuel particle coating.
Multi‐scale Modeling and Constrained Sensitivity Analysis of Particulate CVD Systems
Authors: White C. M. , Zeininger G. , Ege P. , Ydstie B. E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA finite‐dimensional, state‐space model of the discrete distribution function bypasses discretization of the continuous population balance, and facilitates simple modeling and fast numerical integration.An analytical expression describes the steady‐state, average particle diameter as a function of parameters such as nucleation, agglomeration, breakage, seed rate, and average seed particle diameter. The discrete population balance model is used to evaluate the analytical expression sensitivity to growth and decay phenomena such as nucleation, agglomeration, and breakage.The analytical expression is validated against data obtained from an industrial‐scale, fluidized bed, pilot reactor designed to produce solar‐grade silicon. The results indicate how the analytical expression describes a CVD‐type growth process, and also how the growth process may deviate due to the operating conditions.
Combined Studies on the Surface Coordination Chemistry of Benzotriazole at the Copper Electrode by Direct Electrochemical Synthesis and Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Yuan Ya‐Xian , Wei Ping‐Jie , Qin Wei , Zhang Yong , Yao Jian‐Lin , Gu Ren‐Ao 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe surface coordination chemistry of benzotriazole (BTAH) on a Cu electrode was investigated by electrochemical synthesis of surface complexes and in situ electrochemical surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in nonaqueous solution. Two different surface complexes were prepared in solution with or without triphenylphosphane (PPh3). A new mixed‐valence Cu–N cluster compound containing BTAH was synthesized by direct electrochemical oxidation of Cuin nonaqueous solutions with PPh3. The final product, Cu5Cl(BTA)5(PPh3)4 was crystallized and characterized by microanalysis and Raman spectroscopy together with X‐ray crystallographic determinations. The complex crystallized in a monoclinic space group (P21/n) with lattice parameters a = 16.739(2) Å, b = 18.919(2) Å, c = 31.042(4) Å, β = 103.194(3)°, V = 9571.0(19) Å3, R1 = 0.0704, wR2 = 0.1643. The results showed that the complex was a pentanuclear compound. The central CuII atom is coordinated to four equatorial and one axial BTA– ligands to form a distorted tetragonal pyramidal coordination polyhedron, whereas each surrounding CuI ion is in a distorted tetrahedral environment. The in situ SERS studies revealed that the BTA– ion was coordinated to a Cu surface through its two N atoms of the triazole ring to form a surface polymer complex of [Cu(BTA)]n, which suppressed the dissolution and oxidation of Cu effectively. The introduction of PPh3 blocked the surface coordination of BTAH with the electrode, and a complex of BTA– and PPh3 with Cu was formed in the bulk solution.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Vibrational Spectrum and Electronic Structure of the [B11H11]2–Dianion
Authors: Kononova Elena G. , Leites Larissa A. , Bukalov Sergey S. , Pisareva Irina V. , Chizhevsky Igor T. , Kennedy John D. , Bould Jonathan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe vibrational spectrum, geometrical structure and electron‐density distribution (EDD) of the formallycloso(2n+2)‐electron cluster species [B11H11]2–have been studied. The presence of two low‐frequency vibrational modes is evidence of cluster nonrigidity. A rationale for this lies in the results of EDD calculations which show that the polyhedron lacks two‐centre edge‐localized B–B bonds of the 6k–5ktype and that its surface exhibits two six‐membered rings with low electron density. Thus, the polyhedron does not consist of deltahedral faces only and therefore does not have a genuineclosostructure. The data obtained also allow further elucidation of the “diamond‐square‐diamond” mechanism as commonly applied to the fluxionality of [B11H11]2–in solution.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Syntheses, Characterizations, and X‐ray Single‐Crystal Structures of 1,8‐Bis(trimethylsilylamino)naphthalene Aluminum Hydride and the Methyl Derivative
Authors: Yang Zhi , Ma Xiaoli , Roesky Herbert W. , Yang Ying , Jiménez‐Pérez Víctor Manuel , Magull Jörg , Ringe Arne , Jones Peter G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe reaction of 1,8‐bis(trimethylsilylamino)naphthalene (LH2) (1) with nBuLi yields the dilithium compound [1,8‐(Me3SiN)2C10H6](Li)2(thf)3 (2). Compound 1 reacts with H3Al·NMe3 with elimination of hydrogen gas to produce [1,8‐(Me3SiN)2C10H6]AlH(NMe3) (3), and the reaction of 2 with MeAlCl2 leads to [1,8‐(Me3SiN)2C10H6]Al(Me)thf (4). Compounds 3 and 4 are the first two aluminum mononuclear compounds to contain the 1,8‐diaminonaphthalene ligand. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR and IR spectroscopy, MS, and single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Structural Systematics of Complexes of Germanium(IV) Halides (GeX4, X = F, Cl, Br or I) with Mono‐, Bi‐ and Tri‐Dentate and Macrocyclic Nitrogen Donor Ligands
Authors: Cheng Fei , Davis Martin F. , Hector Andrew L. , Levason William , Reid Gillian , Webster Michael , Zhang Wenjian 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe six‐coordinate adducts cis‐[GeX4(L–L)] (L–L = 2,2′‐bipyridyl, 1,10‐phenanthroline, or Me2NCH2CH2NMe2, X = F, Cl or Br) have been synthesised and characterised by IR and VT 1H and 19F{1H} NMR spectroscopy. X‐ray crystal structures reveal distorted octahedral geometries and the trends in d(Ge–N) with halide are interpreted in terms of varying Lewis acidity within the series. The trans‐[GeX4(py)2] were similarly characterised. In contrast, GeI4 does not form similar adducts, although it appears to co‐crystallise with some of the ligands, and the structure of GeI4·(1,10‐phenH)3·I3 which contains phenanthrolinium cations, iodide anions and tetrahedral GeI4 molecules is reported. Multidentate nitrogen donor ligands including cyclam (1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane) and Me4‐cyclam (1,4,8,11‐tetramethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane) react with [GeF4(MeCN)2] to form insoluble compounds [{GeF4}2(macrocycle)] (F4N2 donor sets). In contrast, Me3[9]aneN3 (1,4,7‐trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane) forms the cation [GeF3{Me3[9]aneN3}]+ with a facial geometry (N3F3 donor set) which is the first example of displacement of fluoride from GeF4 by a neutral ligand. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A rapid benchtop NMR method for determination of droplet size distributions in food emulsions
Authors: van Duynhoven John P. M. , Maillet Benjamin , Schell Jimmy , Tronquet Mathieu , Goudappel Gert‐Jan W. , Trezza Elena , Bulbarello Andrea , van Dusschoten Dagmar 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe determination of water and oil droplet size distributions in food emulsions by low‐field NMR has the advantage of a simple and non‐perturbing sample preparation. Furthermore, NMR performs very well with respect to precision. The current implementation on most benchtop NMR spectrometers deploys a variation of gradient duration and requires continuous corrections for gradient imbalances, thus making the whole procedure a time‐consuming one. By using variation of gradient strength and further stretching the capability of commercial benchtop NMR spectrometers, both water and oil droplet sizes can be measured in a more rapid manner, typically two to three times faster. The measured droplet size distributions are equivalent to those assessed by the current (slow) method, for both O/W and W/O emulsions. Furthermore, the rapid method shows a good performance with respect to precision. In addition, the method is able to determine droplet sizes in samples with much smaller amounts of dispersed phase.
Specific Recognition of Disaccharides in Water by an Artificial Bicyclic Carbohydrate Receptor
Authors: Reenberg Theis , Nyberg Nils , Duus Jens Ø. , van Dongen Joost L. J. , Meldal Morten 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe present the synthesis of a peptide‐based bicyclic carbohydrate receptor capable of carbohydrate recognition in 10 % deuterated acetic acid in water. The binding constants were estimated by using NMR spectroscopy, and furthermore, a series of carbohydrate complexes were studied with the use of MS (ESI) of the complex. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Perceived collective continuity and social well‐being: exploring the connections
Authors: Sani Fabio , Bowe Mhairi , Herrera Marina 
Published: September 2007

AbstractResearch has shown that people tend to perceive the groups to which they belong (e.g., national groups) as temporally persistent. In this paper we argue that enhanced perceptions of collective continuity lead to lower levels of anomy and misfit, and to higher levels of social well‐being (SWB). Furthermore, we argue that the effects of perceived collective continuity (PCC) on SWB are mediated by collective self‐esteem (CSE). Finally, we contend that PCC has positive effects on perceived group entitativity (PGE), which in turn has a positive influence on CSE. This model is tested by means of a cross‐sectional study using a sample of Spanish nationals (N = 145) drawn from the general public. Results confirm that the data fit the model well. These findings are in line with research demonstrating that a sense of personal continuity through time is related with better mental health and personal well‐being. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of chloroplatinates by CE coupled to inductively coupled plasma sector field MS
Authors: Standler Alexander , Koellensperger Gunda , Buchberger Wolfgang , Stingeder Gerhard , Hann Stephan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn the present work the degradation of chloroplatinates emitted into the aquatic environment has been investigated in model studies. CE coupled to inductively coupled plasma sector field MS (ICP‐SFMS) was employed as an analytical method of measurement. The CE‐ICP‐MS interface utilized the functional make‐up flow design with a microconcentric nebulizer. [Pt(Cl4)]2– and [Pt(Cl6)]2– were separated within 5 min. During a measurement period of 6 h an excellent reproducibility of migration times (RSD 2.3%) could be achieved. The high sensitivity of ICP‐SFMS resulted in an LOD of 80 ng/L platinum for the two compounds. External calibration using rhenium as internal standard was linear over three orders of magnitude. However, with external calibration a long‐term drift of signal intensity was observed. In order to reduce the uncertainty of the obtained results, quantification of [PtCl6]2– was performed for the first time by species‐specific on‐line isotope dilution MS using 194[PtCl6]2– as spike. The two different quantification strategies were compared in terms of their total combined uncertainty of measurement according to the EURACHEM guideline. The method was employed for monitoring the time‐dependent degradation of [Pt(Cl4)]2– and [Pt(Cl6)]2– in water containing 0 and 2.8 mmol/L Cl– and river water. [Pt(Cl6)]2– was stable whereas [Pt(Cl4)]2– showed rapid degradation following pseudo first‐order kinetics.
Liquid‐core waveguide in CE
Authors: Okada Tetsuo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLiquid‐core waveguide (LCW) brings about several advantages in CE. This review discusses some aspects of fundamental and practical importance involved in this method. Sensitivity in absorption and fluorescence detection is in general improved by more than one order of magnitude over usual crossbeam detection arrangements; the improvements come from the long light path in absorption detection and low light scattering in fluorescence detection. Versatile instrumental arrangements are another advantage of LCW in CE, leading to several detection schemes, some of which provide information that is not gained by usual capillary‐end crossbeam detection, e.g. whole‐capillary imaging, simultaneous monitoring of multicapillary separation, and kinetic evaluation. The high potential and perspectives of LCW in CE are discussed based on the state‐of‐the‐art developments.
Seasonal climatic effects on the hydrology of a rain garden
Authors: Muthanna T. M. , Viklander M. , Thorolfsson S. T. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper evaluates the performance and winter hydrology of two small‐scale rain gardens in a cold climate coastal area in Trondheim, Norway. One rain garden received runoff from a small residential watershed over a 20 month study period while the second rain garden with a shorter study period of 7 months was used as a control. The objective of the study was to investigate the extent to which cold climatic conditions would influence the hydrology and performance of the rain gardens. The hydraulic detention, storm lag time and peak flow reduction were measured and compared seasonally. No significant difference between seasonal lag time could be found, but there was a clear decreasing trend in lag time between rain, rain‐on‐snow and snowmelt. The average peak flow reduction for 44 storms in the study period was 42% compared to 27% for the winter seasons, indicating that the performance of the rain garden is reduced in the cold season (below 0 °C). The average hydraulic detention time for the rain garden was 0·84 ( ± 0·73) with runoff inflow and 1·91 ( ± 3·1) with only precipitation. A strong positive correlation was found between the time since the last wetting event and lag time, and between air temperature and hydraulic detention. This indicates that the time between events and seasonal air temperatures are key parameters in the hydraulic performance of cold climate rain gardens. The rain gardens were not used for snow storage areas, and a volume requirement for this was not evaluated in the study. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systemic administration of a peptide that impairs the protein kinase (CK2) phosphorylation reduces solid tumor growth in mice
Authors: Perera Yasser , Farina Hernán G. , Hernández Ignacio , Mendoza Osmany , Serrano Joem M. , Reyes Osvaldo , Gómez Daniel E. , Gómez Roberto E. , Acevedo Boris E. , Alonso Daniel F. , Perea Silvio E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe antitumor efficacy of the CK2 inhibitors so far described has not been extensively evaluated in cancer animal models. We have previously demonstrated that a proapoptotic cyclic peptide termed P15 delivered into the cells by the Tat Cell Penetrating Peptide was able to abrogate the CK2‐mediated phosphorylation and induce tumor regression when injected directly into solid tumors in mice. Here we explored the antitumor effect by systemic administration of P15‐Tat in a consecutive 5‐day schedule through either intraperitoneal or intravenous route. Importantly, significant delay of tumor growth was observed at 2 mg/kg (p < 0.05), 10 mg/kg (p < 0.01) or 40 mg/kg (p < 0.001) after P15‐Tat administration both in syngeneic murine tumors and human tumors xenografted in nude mice. In line with this, the systemic administration of P15‐Tat induced apoptosis in the tumor as evidenced by in situ DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, we evidenced that 99mTc‐labeled P15‐Tat peptide was certainly accumulated on the tumors after administration by both routes. This report becomes the first describing the antitumor effect induced by systemic administration of a peptide that targets the acidic phosphorylation domain for CK2 substrates. Also, our data reinforces the perspectives of P15‐Tat for the cancer targeted therapy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.