bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted:At diabetes‐like concentration, glucose down‐regulates the placental serotonin transport system in a cell‐cycle‐dependent manner
Authors: Unal R. , Ahmed B.A. , Jeffus B.C. , Harney J.T. , Lyle C.S. , Wu Y.‐K. , Chambers T.C. , Reece E.A. , Kilic F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSerotonin [5‐hydroxytryptamine (5HT)] is a vasoconstrictor that also acts as a developmental signal early in embryogenesis. The 5HT transporter (SERT) on the membranes of the placental trophoblast cells controls 5HT levels in the maternal bloodstream to maintain stable transplacental blood flow and simultaneously provide 5HT to the embryo. The 5HT uptake rate of placental SERT is important for both the mother and the developing embryo. The impact of glucose on the placental SERT system during diabetic pregnancy is not known. The presentin vitrostudy investigated this important issue in human placental choriocarcinoma (JAR) cells that were cultured for 24–96 h in a medium containing either 5.5 (physiologic concentration) or 25 mmol/Ld‐glucose (diabetic‐like concentration). The 5HT uptake rates of the cultured cells were not altered at exogenousd‐glucose concentrations in the range of 5.5–15 mmol/L, but were decreased significantly at a diabetic‐like concentration (≥25 mmol/L). To understand better the role of glucose on the placental 5HT system, we first characterized SERT in JAR cells at different cell‐cycle phases and then determined the expression levels of SERT on the plasma membrane and in the intracellular pools of JAR cells at the late‐S and G2 phases, where the uptake rates were decreased 73% under diabetic‐like glucose concentrations. Finally, the importance of self‐association of SERT molecules was examined. In JAR cells co‐expressing Flag‐ and myc‐tagged SERT, myc‐antibody precipitated 70% of Flag‐SERT, indicating that a large percentage of SERT proteins exist as oligomersin situ. Under diabetic conditions, myc‐antibody no longer precipitated Flag‐SERT, suggesting a disruption in the aggregation of SERT molecules. Therefore, we propose that under uncontrolled diabetic conditions, glucose down‐regulates 5HT uptake rates of placental SERT by interfering with its functional expression in a cell‐cycle‐dependent manner.
Modern World History as the Rise of the Rich: A New Paradigm
Authors: Gran Peter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article argues that the old paradigm for modern world history given us by Hegel of the Rise of the West has been rendered less useful by the development of new knowledge over the past half century and as a result there is today a good deal of dissatisfaction among professional historians about its retention. What other options are there? This article suggests we try out the idea of the rise of the rich.
Searching History: The Non‐Elite in Ancient Egypt
Authors: Ambridge Lindsay June 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article surveys the place of non‐elites and popular culture in recent trends in social and cultural history, with particular reference to currents in Egyptology. Both archaeological and historiographical developments are reviewed and found to be largely complementary. The aim is to establish a framework within which to study non‐elites in Egyptian history, and this article concludes with a brief discussion of the New Kingdom village of Deir el‐Medina, one of the most fruitful Egyptian sites for the study of popular culture.
General Practitioners' Reasons for the Failure of a Randomized Controlled Trial (The TIGER Trial) to Implement Epilepsy Guidelines in Primary Care
Authors: Williams Brian , Skinner James , Dowell Jon , Roberts Richard , Crombie Iain , Davis Julian 
Published: March 2007

Summary:  Purpose: To explore reasons for the failure of a randomized controlled trial to influence implementation of epilepsy guidelines in primary care, and to generate theory about likely contexts in which guidelines would lead to changes in clinician behavior. Methods: Qualitative study based on focus groups and a single in‐depth interview. Participants included 47 primary health care staff selected from a purposive sample of 13 urban and rural general practices. Results: The key reason for the lack of implementation of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network epilepsy guideline was an established pattern of general practitioner behavior, supported by practice staff, with which there was little perceived need to change. Secondary to this was a lack of knowledge of the existence and/or content of the guideline and perceived difficulties in implementing them in practice stemming from resource constraints and possible patient resistance. The individual behavior of clinicians was therefore rooted in wider service structures and policies. Conclusions: Guidelines may be more likely to be implemented where there are perceived problems with current service delivery. Attempts to facilitate the implementation of guidelines could also focus on areas where there is already a perceived need for guidance or a disruption in one of the underlying variables that maintain the health professional's role and practice. They may also be more likely where initiatives are focused more widely than individual physician behavior and are more broadly directed toward redesigning the wider care delivery systems by incorporating other providers to provide care coordination, enhancing patient self‐management, and using information technology tools.
Role of High Frequency Atrial Pacing for the Termination of Acute Atrial Fibrillation and Atypical Atrial Flutter
Authors: SHLEVKOV NIKOLAY , YANG ALEXANDER , SCHRICKEL JAN WILKO , SCHWAB JOERG OTTO , BIELIK HELGA , LICKFETT LARS , BITZEN ALEXANDER , NICKENIG GEORG , LÜDERITZ BERNDT , LEWALTER THORSTEN 
Published: March 2007

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of high‐frequency (HF) pacing from the right atrial appendage (RAA) or coronary sinus ostium (CS‐Os) for the termination of acute atrial fibrillation (AF) and atypical atrial flutter (AAFL) during an electrophysiological (EP) study.
Methods: 128 episodes of acute fast atrial arrhythmias (FAAs; 93 AF and 35 AAFL) were analyzed in 110 patients. Patients were initially observed for 60s leading to spontaneous termination of 28 FAAs. The remaining 100 FAAs (70 AF) episodes were randomized to the following strategies: (A) pacing at RAA using up to 10 consecutive 20‐Hz trains followed by the same stimulation protocol at CS‐Os if RAA pacing failed, (B) pacing at CS‐Os using the same stimulation protocol followed by HF pacing at RAA, or (C) observation up to 6 minutes (“no pacing”).
Results: The 20‐Hz pacing at both RAA and CS‐Os was associated with higher conversion of AAFL, as compared to strategy C (60% and 77% vs 11%; P < 0.05). Only HF pacing at CS‐Os was superior to observation strategy for the conversion of AF (21% vs 4%; P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The 20‐Hz pacing protocol is superior to observation strategy for interruption of either acute AF or acute AAFL episodes; however, its efficacy is higher in AAFLs. These results can be helpful for the termination of acute atrial tachyarrhythmias during EPstudy and should be further evaluated in patients with implantable devices capable of antitachycardia pacing.
A Clinical Risk Score to Predict the Time to First Appropriate Device Therapy in Recipients of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
Authors: HREYBE HAITHAM , SABA SAMIR 
Published: March 2007

Background:

To develop a risk score to predict the occurrence of appropriate defibrillator [implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD)] therapies.
A simple clinical score predicting the risk of appropriate ICD therapy is lacking.
Methods:

A Cox regression model was developed from a database of ICD patients at a single tertiary center to predict the time to appropriate ICD therapy defined as shock or antitachycardia pacing. A risk score was derived from this model using half of the database and was validated using the other half.
Results:

A total of 399 patients were entered into the database between July 2001 and February 2004. There were no statistically significant differences between the derivation (n = 200) and validation (n = 199) groups in any of the demographic or clinical variables recorded. The risk score included three independent variables: indication for ICD implantation (P = 0.03), serum creatinine level (P = 0.015), and QRS width (P = 0.028). The observed risk scores were highly predictive of time to ICD therapy in the validation group (P = 0.02).
Conclusion:

We describe a new clinical risk score that predicts the time to appropriate device therapy in ICD recipients of a single tertiary center hospital. The performance of this risk score needs to be investigated prospectively in a larger patient population.
Incidence and Significance of Far‐Field R Wave Sensing in a VDD‐Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
Authors: EBERHARDT FRANK , SCHUCHERT ANDREAS , SCHMITZ DIETMAR , ZERM THOMAS , MITZENHEIM SABINE , WIEGAND UWE KH ,   on behalf of the Deikos/Kainox VDD Study Group
Published: March 2007

Background: A VDD‐implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) provides atrioventricular (AV) synchronous stimulation when necessary and incorporates the advantages of dual chamber arrhythmia discrimination algorithms both at potentially lower costs and less periprocedural complications than a DDD‐ICD system. A prerequisite for correct dual chamber ICD function is reliable atrial sensing.
Methods: We evaluated atrial near‐ and ventricular far‐field sensing and its impact on the dual‐chamber detection algorithm in 106 patients with a single‐lead VDD‐ICD during a 12‐month follow‐up period.
Results: Six hundred and thirty‐nine follow‐ups were included. Mean near‐field amplitude was 3.82 ± 1.76 mV; mean far‐field amplitude was 0.31 ± 0.15 mV. 46% of patients had far‐fields >0.35 mV and 35% of patients showed atrial EGM markers corresponding to a ventricular far‐field in at least one follow‐up. Six hundred and forty‐five tachycardia episodes were evaluated. Due to far‐field sensing, three of 66 episodes (4.5%) of sinus tachycardia were misclassified as ventricular tachycardia (VT), leading to antitachycardia therapies. Delayed detection of VT was seen in a 12 of 323 episodes (3.7%) in five of 62 patients (8%) having VT events (delay 6.4 ± 6.0 seconds (range 2–24 seconds)). Stable far‐field amplitudes <0.2 mV in a follow‐up had a high negative predictive value for the occurrence of malfunction during tachycardia—conversely, high far‐field amplitudes or a high incidence of far‐field markers are only moderately correlated with malfunction.
Conclusions: Ventricular far‐field sensing in a VDD‐ICD is not uncommon, however, tachycardia detection by the dual chamber algorithm is not seriously impaired by far‐field sensing.
Aromatherapy on a large scale: exposing entire adult holding rooms to ginger root oil increases the mating competitiveness of sterile males of the Mediterranean fruit fly in field cage trials
Authors: Shelly Todd , Edu James , Smith Eileen , Hoffman Kevin , War Mamadou , Santos Rufino , Favela Alicia , Garagliano Robert , Ibewiro Basil , McInnis Donald 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe sterile insect technique (SIT) is widely used in integrated programs against fruit fly pests, particularly the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Unfortunately, the mass‐rearing procedures inherent to the SIT often lead to a reduction in male mating competitiveness. One potential solution involves the pre‐release exposure of males to specific attractants. In particular, male exposure to ginger root oil [Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae); hereafter GRO] has been shown to increase mating success dramatically in field cage trials. Initial studies exposed small groups of males (25 individuals), but more recent work has demonstrated that GRO exposure involving standard storage boxes (containing ≈ 36 000 males) also results in enhanced mating performance. The objective of the present study was to determine whether aromatization of entire trailers, holding ≈ 14 million sterile males from a genetic sexing [temperature sensitive lethal (tsl)] strain, increases male mating success. Independent of the total dose, spatial distribution, or type of dispenser used, sterile males exposed to GRO for a 24‐h period displayed greater mating success than non‐exposed males in mating cage trials (in which tsl males competed against males from a standard, bisexual strain for females from this same standard strain). Averaged over all experiments, tsl males exposed to GRO obtained 54% of all matings compared to 38% for non‐exposed tsl males, an increase of 42%. The implications of these findings for SIT programs against C. capitata are discussed.
Effects of tomato spotted wilt virus isolates, host plants, and temperature on survival, size, and development time of Frankliniella occidentalis
Authors: Stumpf Christof F. , Kennedy George G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) replicates in both its plant hosts and its thrips vectors. Replication of TSWV within thrips suggests the potential for pathological effects that could affect the fitness of its vectors directly, whereas infection of the plant may alter its suitability as a host for thrips development. This study was undertaken to examine the influence of TSWV isolate, host plant, and temperature on potential direct and host‐mediated effects of virus infection of the thrips and the plant on Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an important vector of TSWV. Neonate F. occidentalis were reared to adult eclosion on excised foliage of Datura stramonium (L.) (Solanaceae) or Emilia sonchifolia (L.) (Compositae) infected with either the CFL or RG2 isolate of TSWV, or not infected. Effects of the TSWV isolates and host plants on thrips were measured at 18.3, 23.9, and 29.4 °C. Results demonstrate significantly improved survival and a small but significant decrease in development time of F. occidentalis on TSWV‐infected plants. These effects resulted from the combined influence of the direct effects of the virus on infected thrips and plant‐mediated effects resulting from virus infection of the thrips’ host plant. Our results extend previous findings and help to explain inconsistencies among previously published reports by demonstrating that the manifestation and magnitude of effects of TSWV on F. occidentalis are dependent on host plant, virus isolate, and temperature.
Optical coherence tomography in anterior segment imaging
Authors: Kalev‐Landoy Maya , Day Alexander C. , Cordeiro M. Francesca , Migdal Clive 
Published: March 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the ability of optical coherence tomography (OCT), designed primarily to image the posterior segment, to visualize the anterior chamber angle (ACA) in patients with different angle configurations.Methods:  In a prospective observational study, the anterior segments of 26 eyes of 26 patients were imaged using the Zeiss Stratus OCT, model 3000. Imaging of the anterior segment was achieved by adjusting the focusing control on the Stratus OCT. A total of 16 patients had abnormal angle configurations including narrow or closed angles and plateau irides, and 10 had normal angle configurations as determined by prior full ophthalmic examination, including slit‐lamp biomicroscopy and gonioscopy.Results:  In all cases, OCT provided high‐resolution information regarding iris configuration. The ACA itself was clearly visualized in patients with narrow or closed angles, but not in patients with open angles.Conclusions:  Stratus OCT offers a non‐contact, convenient and rapid method of assessing the configuration of the anterior chamber. Despite its limitations, it may be of help during the routine clinical assessment and treatment of patients with glaucoma, particularly when gonioscopy is not possible or difficult to interpret.
Prolactin level during 5 years of risperidone treatment in patients with psychotic disorders
Authors: Eberhard J. , Lindström E. , Holstad M. , Levander S. 
Published: March 2007

Objective:  To investigate prolactin levels and related side effects in 128 men and 90 women initially treated with risperidone.Method:  Patients initially treated with risperidone were followed over 5 years, during which 45% were switched to other antipsychotic drugs.Results:  Initially, prolactin levels were fivefold the norm in women, and threefold in men. Diagnosis did not affect the prolactin level if adjustment for sex, current age, and age at onset of psychosis was applied. Prolactin levels did not correlate significantly neither with any Positive and Negative Symptom Scale item or subscale, nor with side effects. Drugs other than risperidone were not associated with high prolactin levels. For patients on continuous monotherapy risperidone treatment, there was a marked linear reduction of prolactin level over all 5 years.Conclusion:  Risperidone induces a higher prolactin elevation than other atypical antipsychotics, but the effect adapts over time. Prolactin was not associated with expected side effects (e.g. sexual, mental, or weight gain).
The destinies of the low‐ and middle‐income country submissions
Authors: Konradsen J. , Munk‐Jørgensen A. 
Published: March 2007

Objective:  To measure the number of submissions to Acta Pyschiatrica Scandinavica from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LIC/MIC) compared with submissions from high income countries (HIC), to compare the way through the peer review process for the three groups respectively, as well as how they do as published articles eventually.Method:  By help of the Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica editorial office database all submissions of reviews of the literature, clinical overviews, original articles, brief communications, and case reports from 2002 through 2005 were analysed as to external/in‐house review, acceptance/rejection, number of downloads from Blackwell‐Synergy, and number of citations [Institute of Scientific Information (ISI)] in a comparison between HIC and LIC/MIC.Results:  About 14.6% of the total submissions in 2002/2003 came from LIC and MIC countries, 15.5% for the 2004/2005 period. In both periods, a larger portion of LIC/MIC manuscripts were reviewed exclusively in‐house compared with HIC ones and among those papers reviewed by external experts a smaller proportion of the submissions from HIC countries were rejected than of those from LIC and MIC countries. From the first to the second period there is a significant increase of proportion of submitted LIC/MIC papers accepted for publication compared with HIC papers. Full text download and citation statistics did not differ significantly between HIC and LIC/MIC.Conclusion:  Low‐ and middle‐income countries manuscripts do gradually better in the competition with HIC papers in Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. The major observation is that the total number of LIC/MIC submissions to the journal is still low.
Resonance frequency analysis in relation to jawbone characteristics and during early healing of implant installation
Authors: Huwiler M. A. , Pjetursson B. E. , Bosshardt D. D. , Salvi G. E. , Lang N. P. 
Published: March 2007

Objectives: To monitor resonance frequency analysis (RFA) in relation to the jawbone characteristics and during the early phases of healing and incorporation of Straumann® dental implants with an SLA surface.Material and methods: 17 Straumann 4.1 mm implants (10 mm) and 7 Straumann 4.8 mm implants (10 mm) were installed and ISQ determined at baseline and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 12 weeks. Central bone cores were analyzed from the 4.1 mm implants using micro CT for bone volume density (BVD) and bone trabecular connectivity (BTC).Results: Pocket probing depths ranged from 2–4 mm and bleeding on probing from 5–20%. At baseline, BVD varied between 24% and 65% and BTC between 4.9 and 25.4 for the 4.1 mm implants. Baseline ISQ varied between 55 and 74 with a mean of 61.4. No significant correlations were found between BVD or BTC and ISQ Values. For the 4.8 mm diameter implants baseline ISQ values ranged from 57–70 with a mean of 63.3. Over the healing period ISQ values increased at 1 week and decreased after 2–3 weeks. After 4 weeks ISQ values, again increased slightly, no significant differences were noted over time. One implant (4.1 mm) lost stability at 3 weeks. Its ISQ value had dropped from 68 to 45. However the latter value was determined after the clinical diagnosis of instability.Conclusion: ISQ values of 57–70 represented homeostasis and implant stability. However no predictive value for loosing implant stability can be attributed to RFA since the decrease occurred after the fact.
Evaluation of sinus floor elevation using a composite bone graft mixture
Authors: Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Ávila Gustavo , Fernández‐Barbero Juan Emilio , Aguilar Mariano , Sánchez‐Fernández Elena , Cutando Antonio , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground: The performance of implant surgery in the posterior maxilla often poses a challenge due to insufficient available bone. Sinus floor elevation was developed to increase needed vertical height to overcome this problem. The present study described and reported a simple, safe and predictable bone graft mixture for the sinus lifting procedure.Material and methods: Seventy patients were recruited for this study and underwent a sinus lift procedure. All sites were treated with a composite graft of cortical autogenous bone, bovine bone and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). A total of 263 implants (171 Astra Tech and 92 Microdent) were placed either simultaneously or delayed. All sites were clinically and radiographically evaluated 24 months after their prosthetic loading. Biopsy samples were taken from 16 delayed implant placement sites at the time of their implant placement.Results: A 100% implant success rate was found after 24 months of functioning. Only two Microdent implants failed before loading, which translates to a 99% overall implant success rate. No statistically significant differences were found between simultaneous and delayed implant placement. Image processing revealed 34±6.34% vital bone, 49.6±6.04% connective tissue and 16.4±3.23% remaining Bio‐Oss® particles. However, the histomorphometric analysis showed that the bovine bone was incorporated into new bone formation.Conclusion: The results showed that a composite graft comprised of cortical autogenous bone, bovine bone and PRP mixture can be successfully used for sinus augmentation.