bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Conjugated Gold Nanorods with Reduced Toxicity in Photothermal Therapy for MRSA
Authors: Yusufbeyoğlu Sadi , Cinar Venhar , Ildiz Nilay , Hamurcu Zuhal , Ocsoy İsmail , Kilic Ayşe Baldemir 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the deadliest pathogenic bacteria. Using photothermal therapy (PTT) to eradicate MRSA bacteria easily and effectively, it has directed this bacterium to be destroyed. Gold nanorods (AuNRs), which are nanoparticles that provide PPT, were synthesized and removed from the CTAB molecule reduce the toxic effect caused by CTAB. Subsequently, mercaptophenylboronic acid (MFBA) coated AuNRs were synthesized and used in photothermal therapy to develop a targeting agent to selectively eliminate MRSA. A decrease in cytotoxic effect of CTAB@AuNRs after conjugation with MFBA was also demonstrated by the MTS cell viability test. We found that at the end of 48 hours and 72 hours of interaction, IC50 values of MFBA@ AuNR increased by approximately 50 % compared to CTAB@AuNR. Also, it shows that the cytotoxicity of AuNRs conjugated with MFBA was reduced. Herein, photothermal efficiency was achieved with MFBA@AuNRs targeting MRSA. The purpose of using and modifying gold nanorods is to reduce the toxicity of AuNRs and to examine their efficacy on resistant pathogenic bacteria strains by taking advantage of photothermal therapy properties.
Visualization of Multiphase Reactive Flow and Mass Transfer in Functionalized Microfluidic Porous Media
Authors: Wei Hangkai , Sha Xin , Chen Li , Wang Zi , Zhang Chuangde , He Peng , Tao Wen‐Quan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMultiphase reactive flow in porous media is an important research topic in many natural and industrial processes. In the present work, photolithography is adopted to fabricate multicomponent mineral porous media in a microchannel, microfluidics experiments are conducted to capture the multiphase reactive flow, methyl violet 2B is employed to visualize the real‐time concentration field of the acid solution and a sophisticated image processing method is developed to obtain the quantitative results of the distribution of different phases. With the advanced methods, experiments are conducted with different acid concentration and inlet velocity in different porous structures with different phenomena captured. Under a low acid concentration, the reaction will be single phase. In the gaseous cases with higher acid concentration, preferential flow paths with faster flow and reaction are formed by the multiphase hydrodynamic instabilities. In the experiments with different inlet velocities, it is observed that a higher inlet velocity will lead to a faster reaction but less gas bubbles generated. In contrast, more gas bubbles would be generated and block the flow and reaction under a lower inlet velocity. Finally, in heterogeneous structures, fractures or cavities would significantly redirect the flow and promote the formation of preferential flow path nearby.
Numerische Untersuchungen als Teil der Begutachtung der historischen Lager des Chemnitzer Viadukts
Authors: Mensinger Martin , Kretz Joachim , Siebert Dorina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIm Rahmen der denkmalgerechten Ertüchtigung des Chemnitzer Viadukts mussten auch die Lagerbauteile aus Stahlguss begutachtet werden. Hierfür waren umfangreiche numerische Berechnungen erforderlich, um die Nachweise im Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit und im Grenzzustand der Gebrauchstauglichkeit zu führen. Ergebnisse der Finite‐Elemente‐Berechnungen unter Berücksichtigung der außergewöhnlichen Einwirkungskombination und Einheitslastfälle dienten als Eingangsparameter für bruchmechanische Untersuchungen zur Bewertung der Sprödbruchgefahr und des Nachweises der Sicherheit gegen Ermüdung. Zerstörungsfreie und zerstörende Prüfungen sowie Gusssimulationen und 3D‐Scans vervollständigten die Zustandsbewertung und damit die Gesamtbegutachtung der Gusslager. Komplexe Belastungszustände, wie Eigenspannungszustände aus Erstplastizierung, wurden durch nichtlineare Berechnungen mit Be‐, Ent‐ und Wiederbelastung berücksichtigt. Die numerischen Berechnungen werden in diesem Aufsatz, ergänzend zu den Ausführungen zu den anderen Bestandteilen der Begutachtung in Teil 1 dieses Aufsatzes, vorgestellt und exemplarische Ergebnisse gezeigt. Die detaillierte Nachrechnung war wichtige Grundlage zur Weiternutzung eines Großteils der Lagerbauteile.
Technische Instandsetzung und Verstärkung des Chemnitzer Viadukts
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Christein Sandra , Oertel Steffen , Fuchs Alexander , Schönberg Matthias 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDas im Zeitraum von 1901 bis 1909 für den viergleisigen Betrieb errichtete Chemnitzer Viadukt wird unter Auflagen des Denkmalschutzes für eine zeitgemäße Nutzung technisch instand gesetzt und verstärkt. Dabei werden die inneren beiden Überbauten mit Gleisen für den künftigen Schienenverkehr ausgestattet, die äußeren Überbauten zur Unterbringung von Inspektions‐, Wartungs‐ und Rettungswegen sowie der technischen Ausstattung genutzt. Der ca. 275 m lange und 17,50 m breite Brückenzug besteht aus zwei Bogen‐ und zehn Balkenfeldern. Bei der technischen Instandsetzung wurden die inneren Überbauten der Balkenfelder erneuert und als Stahl‐Beton‐Verbundkonstruktion ausgeführt. Die übrigen Konstruktionen wurden instand gesetzt, ertüchtigt und mit einer Stahlbetonkonstruktion oberhalb der Tonnenbleche ergänzt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird zunächst eine Übersicht zum bestehenden Bauwerk und der künftigen Nutzung gegeben. Es folgen Erläuterungen zur Planung, Ausschreibung und Ausführung der Baumaßnahmen. Im Anschluss werden verschiedene Maßnahmen zur technischen Instandsetzung und Verstärkung beschrieben. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer kurzen Zusammenfassung der beim Chemnitzer Viadukt gesammelten Erfahrungen zum Bauen im Bestand und dem Denkmalschutz.
Ternary Blend of Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Carboxymethylcellulose as an Efficient System for the Release Studies of Metformin Hydrochloride
Authors: Lal Jisha S. , Radha Divya , Karakkattu Subrahmanian Devaky 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChitosan (CS) has attracted substantial attention as a sustainable biopolymer in drug delivery applications, in recent years, because of its nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and accessibility. This study develops chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethylcellulose (CS/PVA/CMC) ternary hydrogel with excellent efficacy as a potential delivery vehicle for the antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride. The incorporation of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in the blend remarkably improves the swelling properties of the hydrogel. Metformin hydrochloride is loaded in the CS/PVA/CMC ternary blend by ultrasonication method. The prepared hydrogel beads are characterized by, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and confirm the presence of the drug in the beads. The loading and release of metformin from the CS/PVA/CMC hydrogel beads are followed by UV–visible spectroscopy at 233 nm. Different formulations are prepared by varying the compositions of chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose. α‐Glucosidase inhibitory studies reveal that metformin loaded CS/PVA/CMC hydrogel beads show excellent antidiabetic activity. The maximum value of inhibitory activity observed is 89%. Cytotoxic analysis proves that the beads prepared are nontoxic.
Cross‐Linking Interpenetration Polyacrylic Acid‐Starch Porous Sheet Combined with Anthocyanin and Shikonin for Freshness Monitoring
Authors: Xia Bihua , Dong Jialei , Li Jiahao , Hu An , Li Ting , Wang Shibo , Chen Mingqing , Dong Weifu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper prepares a new kind of anthocyanins/shikonin/polyacrylic‐starch porous sheet with high acid or alkaline gas responsiveness, the high pH sensitivity Lycium ruthenium anthocyanins/shikonin is used as the pigment indicator, and the polyacrylic acid‐starch with cross‐linking interpenetrating and porous structure is used as the carrier, which is prepared by cross‐linking and monomer polymerization methods. Then the microstructure, thermal stability, and pH responsiveness of the anthocyanins/shikonin/polyacrylic‐starch porous sheet are characterized. It is applied to monitor the freshness of pork and shrimp finally.
Calcium Alginate‐Sago Starch Particles for Sustained Drug Release: Preparation and In Vitro Characterization
Authors: Indu Gourav Kumar , Maiti Anindya Kishore , Nayak Amit Kumar , Hasnain Md Saquib 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the current work, the efficacy of sago starch as potential biopolymer‐blends with sodium alginate in the designing of sustained drug‐releasing particles for oral delivery is investigated, where calcium alginate‐sago starch particles are prepared via ionic gelation process employing calcium chloride as ionic cross‐linker. These particles showed the aceclofenac loading of 16.94 ± 0.94–18.92 ± 1.17%, aceclofenac encapsulation efficiency of 84.72 ± 1.94–94.59 ± 3.53%, and average particle‐size of 1.11 ± 0.09–1.32 ± 0.11 mm. FESEM analysis indicated spherical‐shaped particles with rough surfaces. FTIR and P‐XRD analyses demonstrated absence of any kinds of interactions in‐between drug‐polymers within particles and the encapsulated aceclofenac present within these polymeric particles is in the amorphous state. All these formulated polymeric particles demonstrated sustained in vitro aceclofenac releasing profile over 12 h and pH‐responsive performance of in vitro swelling. These kinds of sustained drug‐releasing sago starch‐based particles can be advantageous to facilitate reduction of dosing interval and improved oral bioavailability with enhanced patient compliance.
Parameter priority of circular concrete‐filled double‐skin tubular slender beam‐columns under eccentric loading
Authors: Haas Trevor Neville , Amika Akuta Usongo , Koen Johan , Patel Vipulkumar Ishvarbhai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the parameter priority for the design optimization of circular concrete‐filled double skin tubular (CFDST) slender beam‐columns under eccentric loading. Experimental investigations were conducted on four geometrically distinct CFDST beam‐columns subjected to eccentric loading to analyze their behavioral responses. A finite element (FE) model was developed and calibrated using the experimental data. The FE simulations were performed on seven parameters, including load eccentricity, concrete strength, steel strength, outer tube thickness, inner tube thickness, lateral curvature, and end fixity to determine their respective impacts. By varying each parameter by 10%, the ultimate capacity of the columns was affected by different percentages. The load eccentricity was found to have the highest contribution of 58.7%, followed by fixity (16.0%), steel strength (9.3%), outer tube thickness (8.8%), inner tube thickness (3.5%), concrete strength (2.5%), and lateral curvature (1.2%). These findings establish the priority of the parameters, highlighting the significance of load eccentricity in the optimization of circular CFDST slender beam‐columns under eccentric loading.
Establishing criteria for advancing circular economy practices in the beer industry: A case study in South Vietnam
Authors: Ho Dung Minh , Thach Binh Thanh , Bui Ha Manh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study involves an extensive examination of the brewing industry, specifically focusing on Company A in South Vietnam alongside five other Vietnamese beer companies (B, C, D, E, and F). By employing a multifaceted approach that integrates Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), evaluations of emission loads, and the establishment of criteria for a circular economy model, the study aims to investigate environmental impact, waste generation, energy consumption and potential circular solutions within these breweries. The findings from the survey indicate similarities in the fundamental production processes among the surveyed factories. However, differences were noted in technological advancement and the utilization of raw materials. Challenges in acquiring data, driven by industry competitiveness, highlighted discrepancies in technology investments and the implementation of circular solutions across the breweries. Assessment of emission loads, wastewater and exhaust gas data demonstrated Company A's compliance with environmental standards. Nonetheless, comparative analysis revealed that the water and energy consumption of Company A were 1.5–2.5 times greater, with carbon emissions of 2000–6000 kgCO2eq/m3 product, compared to other breweries. The comprehensive LCA uncovered higher water and energy footprints in Company A, emphasizing potential areas for significant improvements in water usage efficiency and energy conservation. Through the creation of a preliminary set of criteria, subsequent screening, and expert consultation utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a set of 21 criteria was established. This system supports the assessment of current brewery statuses and identifies potential pathways for improvement towards a circular economy model. Recommendations include the adoption of industry‐agriculture models, waste recycling, energy efficiency initiatives and the integration of renewable energy for sustainable development in beer production.
A Response to our Critics: Agreements, Clarifications, and Children
Authors: Compton‐Lilly Catherine , Spence Lucy K. , Thomas Paul L. , Decker Scott L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCompton‐Lilly and colleagues respond to recent critiques of their viewpoint article, Stories Grounded in Decades of Research: What We Truly Know about the Teaching of Reading—published in The Reading Teacher. We first respond to specific concerns raised by our critics. We then discuss recent legislation being enacted in statehouses across the United States that does not reflect current research. Finally, we reiterate two preeminent concerns that were not addressed by our critics: (1) instruction must be responsive to readers and (2) teachers must bring a vast range of expertise to competently serve readers who bring multifaceted literate and experiential knowledge to texts. Reiterating concerns raised by other readings scholars, we worry that attending to microdimensions of arguments creates false binaries, obfuscates important areas of agreement, and distracts attention from what truly matters: children.
Advanced numerical simulation techniques in MHD fluid flow analysis using distributed fractional order derivatives and Cattaneo heat flux model
Authors: Khan Mumtaz , Alhowaity Awatif , Imran Mudassar , Hussien Mohamed , Alroobaea Roobaea , Anwar Muhammad Shoaib 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a second‐grade fluid over a flat surface with variable heat flux. Utilizing a mathematical model based on distributed order fractional derivatives, we offer a more precise representation of non‐Newtonian fluid behavior. The associated highly nonlinear equations are tackled numerically through an innovative amalgamation of the finite difference scheme and the technique. Our investigation thoroughly evaluates the influence of several critical parameters on the fluid's motion and thermal characteristics. Notably, the magnetic parameter significantly inhibits the fluid's velocity, illustrating the impact of magnetic forces. Additionally, the power law parameter leads to a decrease in both velocity and temperature profiles, highlighting its influence on fluid dynamics. Furthermore, changes in the Reynold number and the second‐grade fluid parameter are observed to cause a substantial increase in skin friction, by approximately 40% to 50%. These simulation results provide valuable insights into the complex interaction between fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics, enhancing our understanding of such systems in industrial applications.
Climate and the Little Ice Age
Authors: D’Arcy Wood Gillen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn ever-increasing “natural archive” of historical climate proxy data has allowed for the recent emergence of a new historiography of climate change. This chapter reviews the significance of recent titles in climate history focused specifically on the Little Ice Age – the period of deteriorated global weather conditions from the fourteenth to the nineteenth centuries that witnessed frequent, destabilizing episodes of drought, cold, famine, and disease across both eastern and western hemispheres. Prior to the broad availability of historical climate data this century, academic historians were able to ignore issues of climate and environment within an anthropocentrist framework for historical analysis. The new climate history of the Little Ice Age, by contrast, advocates an improved understanding of climate instability as a key driver of social change at both local and hemispheric scales, in ways that radically revise canonical narratives of the Late Medieval and Early Modern periods. The chapter concludes with consideration of two other new climate change paradigms relevant to current historiography: deep time and the Anthropocene.
The Transition Journey to the Circular Economy by Companies in the Valencian Region’s Tourism Industry
Authors: de-Miguel-Molina Blanca , de-Miguel-Molina María , Miret-Pastor Luis , Silva-Cárdenas María Belén 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents the results of a study undertaken to map the journey taken by tourism companies in their transition to the circular economy. Information was obtained from three focus groups conducted in Alicante, Castellon and Valencia, with eighteen executives from hotels, restaurants and tourist industry suppliers. After carrying out a content analysis with the information obtained from the focus groups, this data was divided into five steps, starting with awareness about transitioning to the circular economy and ending with the reporting of advances obtained after implementing actions based on the nine Rs framework. The chapter includes examples of comments made by participants on each step of their companies’ journey to circularity.
Correlations of C and CP violation in η → π0ℓ+ℓ− and η′ → ηℓ+ℓ−
Authors: Akdag Hakan , Kubis Bastian , Wirzba Andreas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Based on recent progress in the systematic analysis of C and CP violation in the light-meson sector, we calculate the C-odd transition amplitudes η → π0ℓ+ℓ− and η′ → ηℓ+ℓ−. Focusing on long-distance contributions driven by the lowest-lying hadronic intermediate states, we work out the correlations between these beyond-the-Standard-Model signals and the Dalitz-plot asymmetries in η → π0π+π− and η′ → ηπ+π−, using dispersion theory.
Flux correlators and semiclassics
Authors: Firat Eren , Monin Alexander , Rattazzi Riccardo , Walters Matthew T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We consider correlators for the flux of energy and charge in the background of operators with large global U(1) charge in conformal field theory (CFT). It has recently been shown that the corresponding Euclidean correlators generically admit a semiclassical description in terms of the effective field theory (EFT) for a conformal superfluid. We adapt the semiclassical description to Lorentzian observables and compute the leading large charge behavior of the flux correlators in general U(1) symmetric CFTs. We discuss the regime of validity of the large charge EFT for these Lorentzian observables and the subtleties in extending the EFT approach to subleading corrections. We also consider the Wilson-Fisher fixed point in d = 4 − ϵ dimensions, which offers a specific weakly coupled realization of the general setup, where the subleading corrections can be systematically computed without relying on an EFT.
Glymphatic-lymphatic coupling: assessment of the evidence from magnetic resonance imaging of humans
Authors: Ringstad Geir , Eide Per Kristian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe discoveries that cerebrospinal fluid participates in metabolic perivascular exchange with the brain and further drains solutes to meningeal lymphatic vessels have sparked a tremendous interest in translating these seminal findings from animals to humans. A potential two-way coupling between the brain extra-vascular compartment and the peripheral immune system has implications that exceed those concerning neurodegenerative diseases, but also imply that the central nervous system has pushed its immunological borders toward the periphery, where cross-talk mediated by cerebrospinal fluid may play a role in a range of neoplastic and immunological diseases. Due to its non-invasive approach, magnetic resonance imaging has typically been the preferred methodology in attempts to image the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics in humans. Even if flourishing, the research field is still in its cradle, and interpretations of imaging findings that topographically associate with reports from animals have yet seemed to downplay the presence of previously described anatomical constituents, particularly in the dura. In this brief review, we illuminate these challenges and assess the evidence for a glymphatic-lymphatic coupling. Finally, we provide a new perspective on how human brain and meningeal clearance function may possibly be measured in future.
Crosstalk between purinergic receptor P2Y11 and chemokine receptor CXCR7 is regulated by CXCR4 in human macrophages
Authors: Klaver Dominik , Gander Hubert , Frena Beatrice , Amato Marco , Thurnher Martin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractP2Y11 is a G protein-coupled ATP receptor that activates IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) in a cyclic AMP dependent manner. In human macrophages, P2Y11/IL-1R crosstalk with CCL20 as a prime target is controlled by phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), which mediates breakdown of cyclic AMP. Here, we used gene expression analysis to identify activation of CXCR4 and CXCR7 as a hallmark of P2Y11 signaling. We found that PDE4 inhibition with rolipram boosts P2Y11/IL-1R-induced upregulation of CXCR7 expression and CCL20 production in an epidermal growth factor receptor dependent manner. Using an astrocytoma cell line, naturally expressing CXCR7 but lacking CXCR4, P2Y11/IL-1R activation effectively induced and CXCR7 agonist TC14012 enhanced CCL20 production even in the absence of PDE4 inhibition. Moreover, CXCR7 depletion by RNA interference suppressed CCL20 production. In macrophages, the simultaneous activation of P2Y11 and CXCR7 by their respective agonists was sufficient to induce CCL20 production with no need of PDE4 inhibition, as CXCR7 activation increased its own and eliminated CXCR4 expression. Finally, analysis of multiple CCL chemokines in the macrophage secretome revealed that CXCR4 inactivation and CXCR7 activation selectively enhanced P2Y11/IL-1R-mediated secretion of CCL20. Altogether, our data establish CXCR7 as an integral component of the P2Y11/IL-1R-initiated signaling cascade and CXCR4-associated PDE4 as a regulatory checkpoint.