bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical biopsy studies of omental and peritoneal nodules
Authors: Walsh D B , Williams George 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Four hundred and thirty-five biopsy specimens from the peritoneum and omentum submitted for diagnosis in a major teaching hospital over a 17-year period are reviewed. Their histopathology and incidence are recorded in the light of relevant clinical data. Some of the problems in the diagnosis of the lesions and various factors influencing their statistical breakdown are discussed.
Lactose intolerance following extensive small intestinal resection
Authors: Richards Anthony J , Condon John R , Mallinson C N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Lactose tolerance following extensive small intestinal resection was studied in 4 adult patients, using the ooral lactose-tolerance test. Three of the 4 patients had flat lactose-tolerance curves with normal glucosegalactose tolerance. The fourth case had a border-line normal lactose-tolerance curve. One of the patients with a flat lactose curve was treated with a lactose-free diet which resulted in a reduction in faecal fat and number of bowel actions per day.
It is concluded that some patients who have undergone massive small-bowel resection are unable to absorb lactose and possibly other disaccharides, and this group of patients may be helped by disaccharidefree diets.
Pancreatic cysts: A report of 10 cases
Authors: Olurin E O 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTen cases of pancreatic cysts seen in 12 years in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, are reported. The clinical features and diagnoses are reviewed and found to be similar to those reported elsewhere. Pancreatic cysts occur in a younger age-group in this series than in other reports and this is related to malnutritional fibrocalcific pancreatic disease. The classification of pancreatic cysts is discussed and modified according to the experience of this series. The operative management of pancreatic cysts is briefly discussed.
The long-term stability of the insulin test after partial vagotomy in the dog
Authors: Spencer John , Stening G Frank 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Five dogs were prepared with gastric fistulae, and partial vagotomy was performed by division of one vagus in the neck and a main vagal trunk in the lower thorax.
The acid secretory responses to histamine dihydrochloride (o.16 mg. per kg.-hr.), and to graded intravenous doses of insulin (0.03, 0.06, 0.12, 0.5, and 1 U. per kg.) were measured soon after vagotomy and again 6 months later.
There was no significant change in the acid response to either histamine or insulin during the 6 months after vagotomy either in timing of the peak output or in the dose of insulin required for highest peak acid output. It is concluded that no detectable reinnervation occurs in the dog in this period following gastric vagotomy.
Enterogenous cysts of the rectum (colitis cystica profunda)
Authors: Talerman A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Enterogenous cysts of the rectum are nonneoplastic, mucus-containing, intramural, cystic lesions, producing elevation of the rectal mucosa and narrowing of the rectal lumen, and are associated with mucosal changes.
A case of multiple enterogenous cysts of the rectum in a 25-year-old male is reported. The pathology, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis, and terminology are discussed. The modern literature concerning this entity is reviewed. The term ‘enterogenous cyst of the rectum’ is considered preferable to the terms ‘colitis cystica profunda’ and ‘hamartomatous inverted polyp of the rectum’, which are currently used to describe these lesions.
Ice-cooled preservation of kidneys damaged by warm ischaemia
Authors: Pena J R , Millard P R , Calne R Y 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Experiments in dogs were performed to determine the effects of 40 additional minutes of pre-cooling warm ischaemic time on kidneys cooled for 5 hours in ice and then retransplanted.
A comparison was made with control kidneys in the same animals cooled for 5 hours with minimal warm ischaemia.
The 40 minutes of warm ischaemia caused severe and partly irreversible damage in most experiments.
Groin hernia
Authors: Baumber C D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The recurrence rate for primary inguinal hernia operated on in this series was 12·2 per cent. The recurrence rate is higher for direct inguinal hernia (16 per cent) than for indirect (11 per cent). Those cases operated on by less experienced surgeons had recurrence more frequently (17 per cent) than those operated on by senior surgeons (9 per cent). The incidence of hernia occurring in the opposite side is high: 44 per cent in the case of direct hernia and 21 per cent in the case of indirect hernia. The prospects of a second or third successful operation are good. Only 2 patients (less than 1 per cent) in this series remain uncured; they are well controlled by a truss. The recurrence rate for femoral hernia is low. There was no difference in the time off work between those cases that did or did not subsequently have a recurrence. No relationship between recurrence rate and age was demonstrated.
Closure of colostomy
Authors: Knox A J S , Birkett F D H , Collins C D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In this review of 179 patients in whom colostomy closure was performed the mortality from the operation was 2·2 per cent and the morbidity from faecal fistula was 23 per cent. This operation, there fore, should not be regarded as a minor procedure.
Complications in patients with diverticular disease following colostomy closure are lowest when the operation is carried out 3 months or more after resection. After resection of a carcinoma, complications are lowest if the colostomy closure is carried out after 2 months.
Occult small-bowel tumours: Their diagnostic features and management
Authors: Aubrey D A , Blumgart L H , Davies G T , Gravelle I H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The clinical and radiological features of 7 small-bowel tumours are described. The presentation of such tumours is usually insidious, with vague dyspepsia, occult intestinal bleeding, and episodes of subacute intestinal obstruction. However, when growth is predominantly extraluminal the lesions are more likely to present as perforations or abdominal masses. In jejunal lesions resection is dangerous because the tumours encroach on the middle colic and superior mesenteric vesels. Furthermore, the position makes anastomosis technically difficult.
Greater clinical awareness, improved radiological definition of the small intestine, and a willingness to undertake exploratory laparotomy are the features most likely to improve the prognosis of these tumours.
Benign cartilaginous tumours of the spine. A report of one case together with a review of the literature
Authors: Bell M S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case is described of a chondroma arising from the lamina and pedicle of the 2nd lumbar vertebra of a 25-year-old man presenting as a paraspinal swelling. It was excised but recurred 2 and 3 year later.
Extracorporeal perfusion of pig liver in the treatment of acute liver failure
Authors: Parbhoo S P , Chalstrey L J , Ajdukiewicz A B , James I M , Hillenbrand P , Kennedy Jean 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Five patients in deep hepatic coma due to acute liver failure were treated by perfusion of pig liver. All patients showed severe electro-encephalographic changes and 1 patient who recovered showed virtually no cerebral activity. An exchange of 48–94 litres from pig liver to patient was achieved during the procedure. All patients showed neurological improvement after perfusion. Three patients died 2 hours to 10 days after liver perfusion. The remaining 2 patients made a full recovery and are leading a normal life 9 and 14 months after perfusion.
The effect of short-term exposure to carbon monoxide on platelet stickiness
Authors: Birnstingl M A , Brinson K , Chakrabarti B K 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Prolonged exposure to carbon monoxide accelerates the development of atheroma in rabbits owing to intimal accretion of platelets and fibrin and intramural lipid accumulation (Wanstrup, Kjeldsen, and Astrup, 1967; Birnstingl, Hawkins, and McEwen, 1970).
A group of 7 rabbits was exposed in a closed chamber to an atmosphere containing 400 p.p.m. CO for 6-14 hours on several occasions. Platelet stickiness was estimated by a modified Hellem's glass-bead method immediately after exposure and on the following day, for comparison with values in the resting period prior to exposure. There was a highly significant increase in platelet stickiness immediately after exposure to CO, followed the next day by a significant fall below the pre-exposure value. The increase in platelet stickiness after CO exposure may provide a link between tobacco smoking and peripheral vascular disease.
Management of internal haemorrhoids by rubber-band ligation
Authors: Groves Anthony R , Evans John C W , Williams J Alexander 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Rubber-band ligation has been used in the treatment of 156 patients with internal haemorrhoids. The treatment was performed without anaesthesia in an out-patient clinic. Only one pile was ligated at each visit and 77 per cent of the patients required either two or three ligations. Only 7 patients have been lost to follow-up. Twenty-six per cent of the patients experienced discomfort lasting for more than 3 days after one or other of the ligation treatments, but in only 9 per cent was the pain sufficiently severe for them not to wish to have the treatment again. After follow-up periods of 4 to 40 months, 66 per cent of the patients considered the results to be excellent and a further 25 per cent were improved.
Erosive gastritis: Its Diagnosis, Management, and surgical treatment
Authors: Desmond A M , Reynolds K W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Three hundred and thirty-one patients with severe haemorrhage resulting from erosive gastritis, representing 10 per cent of 3938 patients admitted with severe gastroduodenal bleeding during the past 30 years, are presented. The problems of diagnosis and management are discussed; particularly, the role of immediáte gastroscopy and the indications for surgical treatment and the surgical procedure best designed to control the haemorrhage.
Forty-seven patients required 51 emergency surgical procedures, and it was found that the Billroth-I gastrectomy was far superior to any other operation. Polya gastrectomy, vagotomy, and gastric vasoligation were used, with a high incidence of recurrent bleeding and often necessitating a further emergency surgical operation—usually total gastrectomy. It is suggested that a possible explanation of this is the prevention of biliary reflux into the stomach, which is what the Billroth-I gastrectomy seems to achieve. In 1 case presented, a patient with a Polya gastrectomy and erosions who had severe haemorrhage, bleeding was controlled by conversion to a Billroth-I anastomosis.
The lesion of the second cancer of the large bowel
Authors: Heald R J , Lockhart-Mummery H E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A survey is presented of the clinical experience at St. Mark's Hospital with 83 patients suffering from metachronous cancer of the large intestine. It was found that there was a much improved chance of cure in those who were attending the follow-up clinic at the time of the occurrence of their second growth. The reasons for this and the implications in cancer prophylaxis are discussed.
Vesico-ureteric reflux following renal transplantation
Authors: Yadav R V S , Johnson W , Morris P J , Sprague P , Yoffa D , Marshall V C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twenty-eight patients who had received a renal transplant have been studied in order to determine the incidence and significance of vesico-ureteric reflux in association with urinary infection.
The ureters had been anastomosed either by uretero-ureteric or ureterovesical techniques without an anti-reflux procedure.
Ten of the 28 patients had reflux into the transplant and 4 had reflux into a non-functioning ureteric stump. Reflux was significantly more frequent in the ureterovesical group.
Marked reflux in patients with recurrent urinary infections was associated with renal damage. Marked reflux in uninfected patients or mild reflux in patients with recurrent urinary infections was not associated with renal damage.
Lymphangiography and surgery in lymphangioma of the skin
Authors: Edwards J M , Peachey R D G , Kinmonth J B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The results of surgery in a group of 7 patients with lymphangioma circumscriptum are presented. Lymphangiography was carried out in 5 of these patients and in 1 further patient who was not submitted to surgery.
Lymphangiography of the affected limb revealed normal subcutaneous lymphatic vessels and normal filling of nodes in the regional node areas. No direct connexion between the lymphangioma and the subcutaneous lymphatics or regional lymph-nodes was demonstrated.
Lymphography helps to show the extent of the underlying pathology before operation. It is also helpful in showing the relation of the lesion to the main lymph pathways of the area so that they may be preserved during operation.
Surgical treatment for patients with lymphangioma should only be undertaken if a definite cosmetic improvement can be assured. Even with discrete lesions regional excision has to be wide in extent owing to the marked tendency to subcutaneous extension of the abnormality. With these conditions satisfied the results of surgery should be good. With more extensive lesions partial excision of the most troublesome areas in one or more stages may give considerable benefit.
The boerhaave syndrome (spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus)
Authors: Callaghan Joseph 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two cases of spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus are presented. Thoracotomy and surgical closure of the perforations resulted in satisfactory outcome in both instances. It is believed that the second case is the only recorded case in which haematemesis from a bleeding duodenal ulcer was the precipitating factor, and also it is believed that he is the oldest survivor to be reported. The literature, aetiology, and treatment of this interesting disease are discussed.
The effects of calculi on ureteral function
Authors: Ross J A , Edmond P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The dynamic action of the renal pelvis and ureter has been studied in 50 patients with ureteral colic due to calculi.
Calculi in the renal tract, passing down and obstructing the ureter, profoundly disturb the normal intraluminar pressure and peristaltic activity. Initially, there is a rise in pressure above the obstruction with increased peristaltic activity, which is later followed by a marked depression of this activity.
Fatigue from prolonged stretching of the ureteral muscle and the lack of normal stimulus owing to diminished secretion of urine are considered to be the most likely explanation for this loss of activity.
Urgent relief of the obstruction is the logical treatment, and the policy of forcing fluids in the presence of an obstructed ureter may be questioned. The relief of pressure with retrograde catheterization at an earlier stage than is the current practice should be considered.
Bilateral ureteric obstruction caused by benign pelvic lipomatosis
Authors: Golding P L , Singh M , Worthington B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A second case of bilateral ureteric obstruction owing to diffuse pelvic lipomatosis is reported. The clinical features and possible aetiological factors are discussed. The condition may be mistaken for a pelvic neoplasm due to high fixation of the bladder and colon, but it is felt that the diagnosis can be made on the basis of characteristic radiological findings. Surgical intervention is unsuccessful in replacing the bladder and colon to their normal positions but may be necessary for relief of obstruction.
Giant hydronephrosis in a solitary crossed ectopic kidney
Authors: Yates-Bell A J , Packham D A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of giant hydronephrosis occurring in a solitary crossed ectopic kidney is presented. This is the seventeenth instance of this renal anomaly, and the first reported in association with a giant hydronephrosis. The diagnosis is discussed, and attention is drawn to the high incidence of genital defects and pathological change associated with solitary ectopic kidneys.
Omental reinforcement of intestinal anastomoses an experimental study in the rabbit
Authors: Carter D C , Jenkins D H R , Whitfield H N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of end-to-end everting colonic anastomoses were performed in 95 rabbits in order to assess the value of omental reinforcement. The animals were divided into three groups: (a) control animals, (b) animals with anastomoses reinforced by a free omental graft, and (c) animals with anastomoses reinforced by an omental pedicle. Reinforcement with a free omental graft carried a prohibitive increase in mortality. The use of an omental pedicle appeared to strengthen the anastomosis against forced disruption in the immediate postoperative period but it did not improve the survival rates and it may carry long-term dangers. The explanation for these findings is discussed. It is our view that there is no place for omental reinforcement in colonic surgery.
A case of diaphragmatic hernia, absent pericardium, and hamartoma of liver
Authors: Deutsch A A , Brown K N , Freeman N V , Stanley D A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case is described of a diaphragmatic hernia associated with a left pericardial defect and hamartoma of the liver. The possible embryological origin of the first two defects from premature closure of the duct of Cuvier is discussed. The radiographic changes of the absent pericardium are mentioned and the histology of the liver hamartoma is described.
Peritonitis from amoebic liver abscess
Authors: Archampong E Q 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Four consecutive cases of peritonitis from rupture of amoebic liver abscess presenting late with the condition have been described. After treatment involving intensive resuscitation with adequate fluid therapy, ampicillin and hydrocortisone, and early laparotomy all 4 cases survived. The likelihood of this result recurring by chance is calculated at 0·3 per cent (P≤0·05).
The conclusion is drawn that now that surgery is safer and metronidazole is available as a rapidly acting non-toxic amoebicide, perhaps amoebic abscesses should no longer be regarded differently from other hepatic abscesses, at least when they rupture into the peritoneal cavity.
Kidney preservation for transportation experimental analysis of optimal perfusate composition
Authors: Collins Geoffrey M , Hartley Lionel C J , Clunie Gordon J A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Previous experiments have demonstrated that canine kidneys can be preserved for 24 hours or more following initial perfusion with a solution of intracellular composition (C3) and subsequent ice storage. In the present study the composition of C3 was varied to determine the role of each of the major constituents. The efficacy of the solution was found to depend more on magnesium sulphate than on the potassium content, although potassium assumed a greater importance in perfusates free of magnesium. No variation in composition produced a significant improvement in the results obtained with solution C3 itself.
The effect of oral supplementation of zinc sulphate on primary wound healing in rats
Authors: Lavy U I 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effect of oral supplementation of zinc sulphate on primary wound healing of abdominal wounds was studied in normal rats receiving a standard diet. Daily oral administration of 40 mg. of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4·7H2O) per rat for 13 days postoperatively resulted in a 35–36 per cent increase in the bursting strength of sutured incision wounds. This increase was statistically significant and corresponded to a gain of about 13 days in healing time. The same daily dose of zinc did not result in a significant increase of wound-bursting strength measured on the sixth day after operation.
Comparative evaluation of preoperative and operative radiology in biliary-tract disease
Authors: Grundy D J , King P A , Lloyd G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In 100 consecutive patients with an abnormal cholecystogram a study was carried out to compare the value of the 4-day Telepaque test, intravenous cholangiography, and operative cholangiography. Of the 100 patients, 87 were shown at operation to have stones in the gall-bladder and 22 to have stones in the common bile-duct. In 4 of the latter patients, stones were absent from the gall-bladder.
Operative cholangiography was the most accurate investigation in the diagnosis of a stone in the common duct; the operative cholangiogram gave definite evidence of stones in the duct in 20 of the patients, and was abnormal in some respect in all of the patients with a stone in the common duct. It is concluded that this investigation should be performed on all patients undergoing cholecystectomy.
The 4-day Telepaque test demonstrated stones in the gall-bladder in 30 per cent of the patients with a non-functioning gall-bladder on oral cholecystography, thus materially improving the diagnosis of gall-bladder stones preoperatively. Of duct stones, however, only 32 per cent were shown by the 4-day Telepaque test, and 59 per cent were demonstrated by intravenous cholangiography. In view of the risk associated with Biligrafin, and to a lesser extent with large doses of Telepaque, it is concluded that neither of these tests is desirable prior to cholecystectomy in the good-risk patient, provided that a satisfactory technique of operative cholangiography is used. They should be reserved for the poor-risk patient, when the presence or absence of duct stones may influence the decision to operate.
Argentaffin-cell tumour of Meckel's diverticulum a report of 2 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Jones E L , Thompson H , Williams J Alexander 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two patients with argentaffin carcinoma (carcinoid tumour) of Meckel's diverticulum are described and the literature is reviewed. Only 45 previous cases have been reported.
In both patients the primary tumour had metastasized by the time the diagnosis was made. The first patient developed the carcinoid syndrome 3 months after removal of the tumour but he is alive and well over 5 years later.
The findings in these 2 patients add further support to the view that a carcinoid in a Meckel's diverticulum behaves like that in the small bowel rather than that in the appendix, with an appreciable (21 per cent) incidence of metastasis. The recommended treatment, therefore, should be similar to that of small intestinal carcinoid, namely, wide excision of intestine with a wedge of mesentery. Furthermore, prophylactic resection of Meckel's diverticulum is recommended whenever possible to eliminate the possibility of subsequent development of this tumour.
The non-absorbable cystic duct ligature
Authors: Gunn A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case is reported of a common bile-duct calculus which had formed around a non-absorbable cystic duct ligature used during cholecystectomy 6 years previously. Although there are advantages in the use of the non-absorbable cystic duct ligature, the risk of migration to the common duct and consequent stone formation is probably greater than is recognized.
Ulceration of the mouth, pharynx, and larynx in Crohn's disease of the intestine
Authors: Croft C B , Wilkinson A R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Three hundred and thirty-two cases of Crohn's enteritis were reviewed retrospectively and 20 or 6.1 per cent were found to have suffered from oral ulceration at some stage during their illness. One of these patients with histological evidence of Crohn's disease in the mouth, pharynx, and larynx is described in detail.