bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verringerung der gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit: Entwicklung eines
Stufenplans zur gesundheitspolitischen Entscheidungsfindung
Authors: Mielck Andreas , Wild Verina 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungEin niedriger sozio-ökonomischer Status (erhoben über Indikatoren wie
Schulbildung oder Einkommen) ist zumeist mit erhöhter Morbidität und Mortalität
verbunden. Viele empirische Studien haben das belegt. Sowohl in der
wissenschaftlichen als auch in der politischen Diskussion wird oft betont, dass
diese gesundheitliche Ungleichheit verringert werden sollte. Die Frage, wie der
Weg ,von Daten zu Taten‘ konkret aussehen könnte, lässt sich bisher jedoch erst
ansatzweise beantworten. Wir stehen vor der großen Herausforderung,
wissenschaftlich gut fundierte Vorschläge für die einzelnen Schritte auf diesem
Weg zu entwickeln. Von der dafür erforderlichen breiten interdisziplinären
Kooperation ist bisher aber nur wenig zu sehen. Im Mittelpunkt des vorliegenden
Beitrages steht eine Frage, die u.E. hier von besonderer Bedeutung ist: Wie sind
die empirischen Ergebnisse zur gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit und die daraus
abgeleiteten gesundheitspolitischen Forderungen aus ethisch-normativer und aus
gesundheits-ökonomischer Sicht zu bewerten? Wir konzentrieren uns daher auf die
Kooperation zwischen Sozial-Epidemiologie, Public-Health-Ethik und
Gesundheits-Ökonomie. Zunächst wird kurz erläutert, was jede dieser Disziplinen
beitragen kann, wenn konkrete Maßnahmen zur Verringerung der gesundheitlichen
Ungleichheit entwickelt werden sollen. Besonders hervorgehoben wird dabei die
Bedeutung der Public-Health-Ethik, denn sie richtet den Fokus auf grundlegende
und bisher weitgehend vernachlässigte Fragen wie zum Beispiel: Welche
Ungleichheiten sind ,ungerecht‘, und wie lässt sich diese normative Bewertung
ethisch begründen? Anschließend wird ein ,Stufenplan zur gesundheitspolitischen
Entscheidungsfindung‘ vorgeschlagen. Er beschreibt einige grundlegende Schritte
bei der Integration empirischer, normativer und ökonomischer Abwägungen. Der
Stufenplan zeigt, wie wichtig ein klar strukturiertes Vorgehen ist, und dass die
interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit den gesamten Prozess begleiten sollte,
angefangen bei Datenerhebung und -analyse bis hin zur Entwicklung von Maßnahmen.
Deutlich wird dabei auch, dass es auf diesem Weg ,von Daten zu Taten‘ noch viele
offene Forschungsfragen gibt, und dass die Diskussion zum Thema
,wissenschaftliche fundierte Entwicklung von Maßnahmen zur Verringerung der
gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit‘ gerade erst begonnen hat.
Anforderungen an die Neurorehabilitation nach epilepsiechirurgischen
Eingriffen im linken Temporallappen bei Patienten mit neurokognitivem
Risikoprofil
Authors: Schwarz Michael , Badstübner Annabell Sophie , Meyn Karlotta , Walther Katrin , Hamer Hajo 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Bei fehlender Wirksamkeit antikonvulsiver Medikamente stellen
epilepsiechirurgische Eingriffe eine effektive Maßnahme dar, um Anfallsfreiheit
zu erreichen. Um negative Auswirkungen operativer Eingriffe auf kognitive
Funktionen zu vermeiden, sind bei Patienten mit spezifischem Risikoprofil
neurorehabilitative Maßnahmen erforderlich. Diese Studie verfolgte das Ziel, zu
identifizieren, bei welchen Patienten ein erhöhtes Risiko für postoperative
neurokognitive Verschlechterungen besteht und welche Maßnahmen den
postoperativen Rehabilitationsverlauf positiv unterstützen.
Methode In einer prospektiven Studie wurden Patientengruppen mit
epilepsiechirurgischen Eingriffen im linken bzw. rechten Temporallappen
verglichen. Die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit der Patienten wurde präoperativ und
sechs Monate postoperativ erfasst. Bei 35 Patienten, bei denen der
epilepsiechirurgische Eingriff im linken Temporallappen erfolgt ist, wurde eine
Risikostratifizierung bezüglich postoperativer kognitiver Verschlechterungen
vorgenommen. Aus dieser Gruppe wurden sieben Patienten selektiert, die ein
spezifisches Risikoprofil aufwiesen: Sprach- und Gedächtnisdominanz links,
geringe funktionelle Kapazität der kontralateralen Hemisphäre und präoperative
neuropsychologische Defizite. Diese Gruppe wurde nach der Operation über einen
Zeitraum von sechs Monaten neuropsychologisch trainiert. Als Kontrollgruppe
dienten Patienten mit Operation im rechten Temporallappen, die keine Therapie
erhielten.
Ergebnisse Postoperativ zeigten sich für Patienten mit rechtstemporalen
Eingriffen keine wesentlichen Leistungsverschlechterungen. Nach linkstemporalen
Eingriffen traten merkliche Beeinträchtigungen im Benennen auf. Die
therapeutisch angebundenen Patienten zeigten ausgeprägte sprachassoziierte
Defizite (Benennen, Verbalgedächtnis), die sich im Verlauf der Therapie
besserten.
Schlussfolgerung Durch eine frühe neurorehabilitative Anbindung kann das
Auftreten postoperativer kognitiver Funktionseinbußen minimiert werden.
Unexpected One-Pot Synthesis of 3-Cinnamoyl-3-hydroxyphthalide Derivatives
Authors: Ngernmeesri Paiboon , Rakchaya Intouch , Thongaram Phanida , Saiyalard Sengchan , Yimnoi Kredmanee , Wattanathana Worawat , Chuanopparat Nutthawat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA new and simple method to prepare 3-cinnamoyl-3-hydroxyphthalide derivatives from 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and substituted benzaldehydes was unexpectedly uncovered. The reaction was conveniently performed in DMSO at 100 °C with K3PO4 as a base and AlCl3 as a catalyst. We propose that the reaction proceeds by a cascade process involving nucleophilic addition followed by demethylation and rearrangement. The products were typically obtained in moderate to good yields. The highest yield (95%) was obtained when the reaction of 2-bromobenzaldehyde was performed for 24 hours. X-ray crystallography of the product derived from 2-fluorobenzaldehyde unequivocally confirmed the structure of the hydroxyphthalide derivatives.
Tandem One-Pot Synthesis of 2H- and 3H-Pyrroles Enabled by Dual Rh(II)/Pd(0) Catalysis
Authors: Choi Seoung-Mi , Yun Yuri , Kim Ju Hyun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRegioselective approaches toward 2H- and 3H-pyrroles, which are biologically important but easily isomerizable compounds, have been successfully achieved via dual Rh(II)/Pd(0) relay catalysis and DBU-mediated processes in one-pot operation using N-tosyltriazoles and hydroxymethylallyl carbonates. In this transformation, readily accessible N-tosyltriazoles were enabled as stable nitrogen sources for the two scaffolds, and the regioselectivity was controlled by the substituent positions of the hydroxymethylallyl carbonates.
Eyebrow Lift: Open-Book ROOF Transposition and Orbicularis–Frontalis Sliding Maneuver
Authors: Neves Jose Carlos , Duarte Ana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article delves into innovative surgical techniques, the open-book ROOF (retro-orbicularis oculi fat) transposition technique (OBRoof) and the orbicularis–frontalis sliding maneuver (OFS), designed for eyebrow and upper eyelid rejuvenation in the aging process. Emphasis is placed on understanding the dynamic changes occurring within the forehead and eyebrow envelope's five layers and their intrinsic relationships as well as the impact of the ROOF ptosis causing upper eyelid hooding. The OBRoof technique is highlighted for its effectiveness in addressing ptotic volume, offering a rejuvenated appearance by relocating volume to the supraciliary region.In the OFS, we explore the concept of extensive dissection above the upper border of the eyebrow to allow for free repositioning of the eyebrow. The stabilization is based on deep-plane facelift concepts, as the orbicularis oculi muscle corresponds to the superficial muscular aponeurotic system, and it is anchored to the deep layers (periosteum) by passing through the frontal muscle.In summary, this article provides a comprehensive exploration of innovative and minimally invasive techniques for eyebrow and upper eyelid rejuvenation, shedding light on their anatomical foundations, procedural intricacies, and the potential for achieving natural and lasting outcomes.
Feasibility, safety, and adherence of a remote physical and cognitive exercise protocol for older women
Authors: Peixoto Cristiane , Matioli Maria Niures Pimentel dos Santos , Takano Satiko Andrezza Ferreira , Teixeira Maurício Silva , Passos Neto Carlos Eduardo Borges , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background Population aging and the consequences of social distancing after the COVID-19 pandemic make it relevant to investigate the feasibility of remote interventions and their potential effects on averting functional decline.
Objective (1) To investigate the feasibility, safety, and adherence of a remote protocol involving physical and cognitive exercises for older women with normal cognition; (2) to examine its effects on cognitive and well-being variables.
Methods Twenty-nine women (age ≥ 60 years old) were randomized into experimental group (EG; n = 15) and control group (CG; n = 14). The EG performed a 40-minute session of cognitive and physical exercises, and CG performed a 20-minute stretching session. Both groups performed 20 sessions via videoconference and 20 on YouTube twice a week. The Mini-Mental State Examination, Verbal Fluency Test, Digit Span (direct an inverse order), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Well-being Index (WHO-5) were applied in pre- and post-interventions by phone.
Results Overall adherence was 82.25% in EG and 74.29% in CG. The occurrence of adverse events (mild muscle pain) was 33.3% in EG and 21.4% in CG. The EG improved verbal fluency and attention (p ≤ 0.05); both groups had improved depressive symptoms.
Conclusion The present study met the pre-established criteria for feasibility, safety, and adherence to the remote exercise protocol among older women. The results suggest that a combined protocol has more significant potential to improve cognitive function. Both interventions were beneficial in improving the subjective perception of well-being.
Phantomschmerz – Phänomenologie und kortikale Veränderungen
Authors: Mosch Benjamin , Mallon Lukas , Diers Martin 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Phantomschmerz bezeichnet das Phänomen schmerzhafter Erfahrungen in amputierten Körperteilen.
Zurückzuführen ist der Schmerz wohl auf maladaptive Veränderungen von Nervenbahnen in der Peripherie
sowie im Gehirn und Rückenmark.
Asynchronicities of growth: a process extension to the Uppsala model of internationalisation
Authors: Liesch Peter W. , Welch Catherine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe contend that the Uppsala internationalisation process (IP) Model offers the basis, yet unrealised, for a process theory of growth of the internationalising firm. From the Model’s origins, particularly in Penrosean theory, we develop this potential by offering a theory extension that explicates the organisational changes within the firm required to sustain international growth. This repositioning distinguishes us from previous attempts to amend, supplant or extend the IP Model. In developing the theory extension, we specify how we remain faithful to the IP Model’s behavioural assumption ground. We provide a model of the internationalising firm that posits non-linear growth paths. This is due to the challenges of synchronising the external opportunity seeking of the firm as it expands internationally with the internal capacity building required to realise these opportunities. Introducing to the IB field this asynchronicity problem, an absence of temporal concurrence, we show its potential in explaining organisational changes and discontinuities in the internationalising firm’s development as it seeks to grow. By extending the IP Model to offer a theory of growth of the internationalising firm, we provide the basis for further process scholarship on this topic that addresses contemporary concerns and developments.
Analysing and evaluating the bilingual adaptation of English graded readers in China: A social semiotic multimodal discourse study
Authors: Zhang Kunkun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInternational English-graded readers have been increasingly adapted, rewritten, and localised to cater to the specific needs of learners in different regions. This cross-cultural adaptation of materials has not attracted much scholarly attention, although it is an essential dimension of research on materials for language learning and teaching. The present study explores the textual transformations that occur in the bilingual adaptation of Cambridge English Readers, a series of original fiction books for learners of English, by a Chinese publisher. The analysis is underpinned by social semiotic multimodal discourse theory. Based on the analysis, the study evaluates the pedagogic potential of the bilingual edition of Cambridge English Readers as materials for English language learning and teaching. In doing so, it demonstrates a novel approach to evaluating bilingual adaptations of graded readers. It also shows that the original and bilingually adapted editions reflect different cultures of learning.
Flexible polydimethylsiloxane pressure sensor with micro-pyramid structures and embedded silver nanowires: A novel application in urinary flow measurement
Authors: Wang Ben-Song , Gao Ang , Huang Song-Wei , Ning Qi-Hong , Zhou Cheng , Song Qi-Xiang , Cui Da-Xiang 
Published: April 2024

Flexible pressure sensors are lightweight and highly sensitive, making them suitable for use in small portable devices to achieve precise measurements of tiny forces. This article introduces a low-cost and easy-fabrication strategy for piezoresistive flexible pressure sensors. By embedding silver nanowires into a polydimethylsiloxane layer with micro-pyramids on its surface, a flexible pressure sensor is created that can detect low pressure (17.3 Pa) with fast response (&lt;20 ms) and high sensitivity (69.6 mA kPa−1). Furthermore, the pressure sensor exhibits a sensitive and stable response to a small amount of water flowing on its surface. On this basis, the flexible pressure sensor is innovatively combined with a micro-rotor to fabricate a novel urinary flow-rate meter (uroflowmeter), and results from a simulated human urination experiment show that the uroflowmeter accurately captured all the essential shape characteristics that were present in the pump-simulated urination curves. Looking ahead, this research provides a new reference for using flexible pressure sensors in urinary flow-rate monitoring.
The propagation behavior of reaction wave for Ni/Al clad particle composites under shock loading
Authors: Xie Yifan , Shao Jian-Li , Chen Pengwan 
Published: April 2024

Prior studies indicate that the reaction wave can propagate from the impact surface, but the possibility and the influencing factors of the reaction wave formation are still unclear. This work investigates the propagation behavior of the shock-induced reaction wave for Ni/Al clad particle composites with varying stoichiometry (from 0.5 to 0.75 of the Ni mole fraction) through molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that the solid-state reaction processes with or without wave propagation strongly depend on the conjunction of stoichiometry and shock intensity. Within the cases of wave propagation, the calculated propagation velocity (in the range of 135–170 m/s) increases linearly or exponentially with the Ni mole fraction. Furthermore, the thermodynamic criteria for the reaction wave formation, including Al melting at the collision surface and higher temperature gradient, are established by analysis of the shock-induced high-entropy layer. In addition, microstructural characterization reveals the intrinsic mechanisms of the propagation of the reaction wave and the formation of additional reaction wave, namely, the dissolution of Ni into Al and the coalescence of reaction zones. Apart from the propagation behavior, the initial stoichiometry influences the crystallization–dissolution of B2–NiAl during reaction processes, notably through an exponential growth relationship between maximum crystallinity and the Ni mole fraction. These findings may provide a physical basis for improving traditional reaction rate models to break through phenomenological understanding.
Relationships among gastrointestinal mucosal densities of mast cells and eosinophils, helminth infection and diarrhoea in sheep
Authors: Niu X. Y. , Liu S. M. , Greeff J. C. , Palmer D. G. , Martin G. B. 
Published: April 2024

Context Diarrhoea linked to helminth resistance is a major problem in sheep health. Aims To test whether the distribution of mast cells and eosinophils along the gastrointestinal tract is related to helminth resistance and to susceptibility to diarrhoea. Methods At weaning, lambs were selected according to extreme (high or low) estimated breeding values for diarrhoea score (50 lambs per genotype, balanced for sex), and for faecal worm egg counts (FWEC). They grazed in single-sex groups in separate but similar enclosures under normal farm conditions (dry summer, wet winter) from autumn until spring, during which time diarrhoea score and FWEC were recorded monthly. Lambs that presented extreme phenotypic values for diarrhoea score and FWEC in August and September were slaughtered (n = 38) at the age of 14 months. For the abomasum, duodenum, ileum, jejunum, caecum and colon, we recorded the densities of eosinophils and mast cells, the number of helminths, their species and developmental stages. The data were pooled across enclosures/sexes and regression analysis was used to assess the relationships among pre-slaughter phenotype, helminth counts, and densities of mast cells and eosinophils. Results Eosinophil density was five- to seven-fold greater in the ileum and jejunum than in the abomasum, duodenum, or colon. Mast cell density was greatest in the abomasum and duodenum, and gradually declined along the jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon. In the most immunologically active site, the jejunum, increasing eosinophil density was related to a decrease in the number of helminths (P < 0.05). Similarly, in the next most active site, the abomasum, increasing eosinophil density was related to decreases in the numbers of fourth-stage larvae and the total number of helminths (P < 0.05). In the abomasum, increasing mast cell density was related to declines in the numbers of Teladorsagia circumcincta, total helminth counts (P < 0.05) and FWEC, but was not related to diarrhoea score. Conclusions Cell-mediated immune mechanisms in the gastrointestinal mucosa enhance resistance to internal parasites but also increase susceptibility to the diarrhoea in sheep. Implications Eosinophil and mast cell responses to helminth infection help explain ‘hypersensitivity diarrhoea’.
Electron–molecule collision calculations: a primer
Authors: Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Electron–molecule collisions drive many natural phenomena and are playing an increasing role in modern technologies. Over recent years, studies of the collision processes have become increasingly driven by quantum mechanical calculations rather than experiments. This tutorial surveys important issues underlying the physics and theoretical methods used to study electron–molecule collisions. It is aimed at nonspecialists with suitable references for further reading for those interested and pointers to software for those wanting to perform actual calculations.
Reduction of light shifts in a cold-atom CPT clock
Authors: Li Maojie , Ma Zhu , Wu Jiatao , Zhan Chang , Han Chengyin , Lu Bo , Huang Jiahao , Lee Chaohong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Light shifts induced during atom–light interactions significantly affect the medium- and long-term frequency stability of atomic clocks. Here, we employ composite laser pulse sequences to mitigate interrogation-induced light shifts in a cold-atom coherent-population-trapping clock. We obtain the anti-symmetry error signal via modulating the local oscillator phase in the free-evolution time of Ramsey interferometry. Utilizing this signal, we employ two feedback loops to simultaneously eliminate light shifts and stabilize the clock frequency using the auto-balanced Ramsey (ABR) spectroscopy scheme. Our experimental results demonstrate that this approach can reduce the clock frequency’s sensitivity to variations in light shifts by implementing four Ramsey sub-sequences. Furthermore, we show that the ABR spectroscopy scheme enhances the long-term frequency stability of the atomic clock when the averaging time τ > 5000 s.
Terahertz wave radiation simulation in the Fe thin film*
Authors: Liu Liwang , Ren Yifan , Robert Wieser , Wang Lu , Wang Xuan , Yang Cuihong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Femtosecond laser (FL) induced terahertz (THz) source is a new type of THz source based on injecting FL beams into ferromagnetic thin films by nonlinear effects to generate THz wave. It has a wider bandwidth compared to the traditional THz source, which provides higher flexibility and tunability in the application. In this paper, the three-temperature model and the stochastic Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation at the atomic level are applied to simulate THz wave generation in Fe thin film induced by FL. Simulation results show that under a FL irradiance of 2 J m−2, the maximum demagnetization of the Fe thin film reaches 8.7%. The electromagnetic waves generated completely cover the THz band (0.1–10 THz), which fully satisfied the application requirements of the THz technology, verifying the feasibility of FL inducing the Fe thin film as a THz source. However, when the Fe thin film is overheated, it will be difficult for FL to excite valuable THz waves. Therefore, additional cooling devices are needed to keep the THz source in a workable temperature state, or to use ferromagnetic materials with magnetic moments that can quickly recover to saturation.
AeroDetectNet: a lightweight, high-precision network for enhanced detection of small objects in aerial remote sensing imagery
Authors: Bai Ruihan , Lu Jiahui , Zhang Zhiping , Wang Mingkang , Wang Qiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Object detection in remote sensing imagery exhibits difficulties due to complex backgrounds, diverse object scales, and intricate spatial context relationships. Motivated by the problems mentioned above, this paper introduces AeroDetectNet, a novel lightweight and high-precision object detection network custom-designed for aerial remote sensing scenarios, building upon the YOLOv7-tiny algorithm. It enhances performance through four key improvements: the normalized Wasserstein distance for consistent object size sensitivity, the Involution module for reduced background noise, a self-designed RCS-biformer module for better spatial context interpretation, and a self-designed WF-CoT SPPCSP feature pyramid for improved feature map weighting and context capture. Ablation studies conducted on a hybrid dataset composed of three open-source remote sensing datasets (including NWPU VHR-10 remote sensing images, RSOD remote sensing images, and VisDrone UAV images) have demonstrated the effectiveness of four improvements specifically for small-size object detection. Visualizations through Grad-CAM further demonstrate AeroDetectNet’s capacity to extract and focus on key object features. Upon individual testing across three open-source datasets, AeroDetectNet has successfully demonstrated its ability to identify objects in images with a smaller pixel area. Through experimental comparisons with other related studies, the AeroDetectNet achieved a competitive mAP while maintaining fewer model parameters, highlighting its highly accurate and lightweight properties.