bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory bowel disease and self‐esteem in adolescence
Authors: Lindfred H , Saalman R , Nilsson S , Reichenberg K 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAim: To compare the self‐esteem of adolescents suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with that of healthy adolescents, and to identify factors affecting self‐esteem in the presence of IBD.Methods: A self‐assessment questionnaire, ‘I think I am’ (ITIA), was completed by 71 (41 boys) out of 77 adolescents (10–16 years) with IBD. Of the participating adolescents, 23 had Crohn's disease, 44 had ulcerative colitis and 4 had indeterminate colitis. The self‐esteem of adolescents with IBD was compared with that of 1037 school children.Results: In this population‐based study, children with IBD estimated their self‐esteem in the same range as healthy adolescents. Using a multiple regression analysis, the self‐esteem of adolescents with IBD was related to disease course severity and cohabitation status of parents. Children with severe disease and children of single parents were found to be most at risk of low self‐esteem.Conclusion: This study shows that, as a group, adolescents with IBD have self‐esteem in the same range as their healthy peers, but that there are some adolescents with IBD who are at risk of low self‐esteem. Special attention should be given to adolescents with a severe disease course and to those with separated parents.
ADHD from a socio‐economic perspective
Authors: Bernfort Lars , Nordfeldt Sam , Persson Jan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAim: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related disorders affect children's ability to function in school and other environments. Awareness has increased in recent years that the same problems often persist in adulthood. Based on previous studies, we aimed to outline and discuss a descriptive model for calculation of the societal costs associated with ADHD and related disorders.Methods: Following a literature review including childhood and adult studies, long‐term outcomes of ADHD and associated societal costs were outlined in a simple model.Results: The literature concerning long‐term consequences of ADHD and related disorders is scarce. There is some evidence regarding educational level, psychosocial problems, substance abuse, psychiatric problems and risky behaviour. The problems are likely to affect employment status, healthcare consumption, traffic and other accidents and criminality. A proposed model structure includes persisting problems in adulthood, possible undesirable outcomes (and their probabilities) and (lifetime) costs associated with these outcomes.Conclusions: Existing literature supports the conclusion that ADHD and related disorders are associated with a considerable societal burden. To estimate that burden with any accuracy, more detailed long‐term data are needed.
Testing the effectiveness of an educational intervention to increase dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D in young adult women
Authors: Bohaty Karen , Rocole Holly , Wehling Kelli , Waltman Nancy 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPurpose: To test the effectiveness of an educational intervention to increase dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D in young adult females aged 19–30 from two Midwestern states.Data sources: Study participants were 80 females who were not pregnant or breastfeeding and who resided in Lincoln, Nebraska, and Ankeny, Iowa.Conclusions: Knowledge of osteoporosis and the importance of dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D did improve after the intervention. Posttest scores on knowledge of osteoporosis, calcium, and vitamin D 8 weeks after the educational intervention were significantly higher than pretest scores (p ≤ .01). However, there was no change in dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D, or dairy products from pre‐ to post‐educational intervention. In addition, at pre‐ and post‐educational intervention, intake of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy products were not adequate based on recommended daily allowance for young adult women.Implications for practice: Osteoporosis is a painful, disabling illness and prevention of osteoporosis is a lifelong process. Older women may suffer the devastating effects of osteoporosis because of deficiencies in their diet as young adult women. Nurse practitioners (NPs) could ask young female patients who are at risk for osteoporosis to complete a dietary recall and then provide these patients feedback on their diet. NPs could provide a patient handout of calcium‐rich foods and sources of vitamin D, and work with each patient to set specific goals for increasing and/or obtaining adequate calcium and vitamin D. Follow‐up visits could include an evaluation of the 3‐day diet record, goal progress and resetting, and visual bar or linear graphs demonstrating the patients’ progress. Finally, all patients who are progressing in meeting their goals should be provided positive reinforcement.
Neutral Landscapes: Bases for Exploration in Landscape Ecology
Authors: Wang Qian , Malanson George P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNeutral landscape models are computer‐generated representations of the spatial pattern of habitat. Most are based on a grid of cells, although network (graph theory) representations are increasing. Representation of the landscape varies from binary (habitat – non‐habitat) to nearly continuous. The motivations for this approach to the study of landscapes include concepts derived from island biogeography as well as the idea that computer experiments might be substituted for real experiments at such spatial extents. Different spatial patterns can be generated using the three primary algorithms for grid‐based neutral landscapes (random, hierarchical, and fractal), while network representations are usually variations on networks derived from observed landscapes. Scale, encompassing both resolution and extent in cellular models as it is in the network models, is an underlying issue that needs to be addressed more explicitly, but it is not a fatal flaw. Numerous applications of neutral landscapes have been developed in assessing actual landscapes, evaluating spatial metrics, and studying landscape connectivity – especially in relation to organism movement or dispersal. Neutral landscapes offer geographers opportunities to pursue spatial questions and to influence questions in landscape ecology.
Neutrophil function and cytokine‐specific signaling in chronic neutrophilic leukemia
Authors: UEMURA Y. , TAGUCHI T. , KUBOTA T. , SAITO T. , BANDOBASHI K. , YOKOYAMA A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryWe diagnosed an 86‐year‐old woman with chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) because she showed sustained leukocytosis dominated by mature neutrophils, hepatosplenomegaly, high neutrophilic alkaline phosphatase score, absence of the Ph chromosome, low serum level of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), and no evidence of leukemoid reaction. We found that the extent of stimulation of her neutrophil functions by G‐CSF and GM‐CSF was greatly reduced compared to healthy donars neutrophils. We showed that CNL neutrophils have intact expression of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor receptor (G‐CSFR) and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor receptor (GM‐CSFR). This suggests that failure of enhancement by G‐CSF and GM‐CSF in CNL neutrophil functions might be due to disturbances in the intracellular domains of G‐CSFR and GM‐CSFR, regardless of external cytokine stimulation. However, the patient’s neutrophils did not show any mutations in the G‐CSFR and GM‐CSFR intracellular critical regions. We also showed that stat3 and mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation by G‐CSF or GM‐CSF in the patient’s neutrophils were significantly lower than those in healthy donor neutrophils. These results suggest that deficiency of CNL neutrophil function might be due to insufficiency of some inflammatory cytokine‐specific signaling. Hence, we are the first to show that CNL neutrophils have partially insufficiency in some cytokine‐specific signaling. Further studies are needed to elucidate the signal transduction pathways relating to functional defects in CNL neutrophils.
Multiple root resorption as a presenting sign of Paget's disease of bone
Authors: Monteiro M. , Rout J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPaget's disease is a chronic disorder of bone remodelling of uncertain aetiology. Its craniofacial manifestions may be the first indicators of disease. We present an unusual case of Paget's disease presenting with significant external root resorption. The oral manifestions and radiological features of Paget's disease as well as the implications for surgery in the mouth are discussed.
Distributed Generation (DG) and the American Electric Utility System: What is Stopping It?
Authors: Sovacool Benjamin K. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDespite the immense environmental, technical, and financial promise of distributed generation (DG) technologies, they still constitute a very small percentage of electricity capacity in the United States. This manuscript answers the apparently paradoxical question: Why do technologies that offer such impressive benefits also find the least use? Going beyond technical explanations of problems related to system control, higher capital costs, and environmental compliance, this paper focuses on sociotechnical barriers related to utility preferences, business practices, regulatory bias, and consumer values. The approach helps us understand the glossing over of DG technologies, and identifies the impediments that policymakers must overcome if they are to find wider use.
Multidrug-Resistant
Escherichia fergusonii
: a Case of Acute Cystitis
Authors: Savini Vincenzo , Catavitello Chiara , Talia Marzia , Manna Assunta , Pompetti Franca , Favaro Marco , Fontana Carla , Febbo Fabio , Balbinot Andrea , Di Berardino Fabio , Di Bonaventura Giovanni , Di Zacomo Silvia , Esattore Francesca , D'Antonio Domenico 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

We report a case in which
Escherichia fergusonii
, an emerging pathogen in various types of infections, was associated with cystitis in a 52-year-old woman. The offending strain was found to be multidrug resistant. Despite in vitro activity, beta-lactam treatment failed because of a lack of patient compliance with therapy. The work confirms the pathogenic potential of
E. fergusonii
.
MicroRNA Profile of Marek's Disease Virus-Transformed T-Cell Line MSB-1: Predominance of Virus-Encoded MicroRNAs
Authors: Yao Yongxiu , Zhao Yuguang , Xu Hongtao , Smith Lorraine P. , Lawrie Charles H. , Watson Michael , Nair Venugopal 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

Research over the last few years has demonstrated the increasing role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as major regulators of gene expression in diverse cellular processes and diseases. Several viruses, particularly herpesviruses, also use the miRNA pathway of gene regulation by encoding their own miRNAs. Marek's disease (MD) is a widespread lymphomatous neoplastic disease of poultry caused by the highly contagious Marek's disease virus type 1 (MDV-1). Recent studies using virus-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts have identified at least eight miRNAs that map to the R
L
/R
S
region of the MDV genome. Since MDV is a lymphotropic virus that induces T-cell lymphomas, analysis of the miRNA profile in T-cell lymphoma would be more relevant for examining their role in oncogenesis. We determined the viral and host miRNAs expressed in MSB-1, a lymphoblastoid cell line established from an MDV-induced lymphoma of the spleen. In this paper, we report the identification of 13 MDV-1-encoded miRNAs (12 by direct cloning and 1 by Northern blotting) from MSB-1 cells. These miRNAs, five of which are novel MDV-1 miRNAs, map to the Meq and latency-associated transcript regions of the MDV genome. Furthermore, we show that miRNAs encoded by MDV-1 and the coinfected MDV-2 accounted for >60% of the 5,099 sequences of the MSB-1 “miRNAome.” Several chicken miRNAs, some of which are known to be associated with cancer, were also cloned from MSB-1 cells. High levels of expression of MDV-1-encoded miRNAs and potentially oncogenic host miRNAs suggest that miRNAs may have major roles in MDV pathogenesis and neoplastic transformation.
Balancing urgency, age and quality of life in organ allocation decisions—what would you do?: a survey
Authors: Stahl J E , Tramontano A C , Swan J S , Cohen B J 
Published: January 2008

Purpose:Explore public attitudes towards the trade-offs between justice and medical outcome inherent in organ allocation decisions.Background:The US Task Force on Organ Transplantation recommended that considerations of justice, autonomy and medical outcome be part of all organ allocation decisions. Justice in this context may be modeled as a function of three types of need, related to age, clinical urgency, and quality of life.Methods:A web-based survey was conducted in which respondents were asked to choose between two hypothetical patients who differed in clinical urgency (time to death <1 year), age, pretransplant and post-transplant quality of life, and life expectancy.Results:A pool of 1600 people were notified via email about the survey; 623 (39%) responded. Respondents preferred giving organs to younger people up to an age difference of <15.4 years (SD 18) and more clinically urgent people up to a difference in urgency of <2.54 months (SD 3). Priority varied with the quality of life of the worst-off patient and the relative status of the patients. If both had worse than average quality of life, respondents preferred the better-off patient. When both had better than average quality of life, they preferred the worse-off patient. In analysis according to age versus clinical urgency, the older the patient, the more urgency needed to receive priority. In quality of life versus clinical urgency, the better the control’s quality of life, the more urgency the competing patient required. The worse the patient’s post-transplant outcome, the more urgency needed to receive priority.Conclusions:It appears that clinical urgency is only one of many factors influencing attitudes about allocation decisions and that respondents may invoke different principles of fairness depending the relative clinical status of patients.
Physicians’ confidence in discussing do not resuscitate orders with patients and surrogates
Authors: Sulmasy D P , Sood J R , Ury W A 
Published: January 2008

Purpose:Physicians are often reluctant to discuss “Do Not Resuscitate” (DNR) orders with patients. Although perceived self-efficacy (confidence) is a known prerequisite for behavioural change, little is understood about the confidence of physicians regarding DNR discussions.Subjects and methods:A survey of 217 internal medicine attendings and 132 housestaff at two teaching hospitals about their attitudes and confidence regarding DNR discussions.Results:Participants were significantly less confident about their ability to discuss DNR orders than to discuss consent for medical procedures (p<0.001), and this was true for both attendings (p = 0.002) and housestaff (p<0.001). In a multivariate logistic model of confidence regarding DNR discussions, women were less confident than men (OR = 0.52, CI = 0.29 to 0.92); house officers were less confident than attendings (OR = 0.35, CI = 0.20 to 0.61), those who were less confident of their ability to discuss medical procedures were less confident discussing DNR (OR = 0.12, CI = 0.06 to 0.25), and those who found talking to patients about DNR orders very difficult reported less confidence than those who did not (OR = 0.06, CI = 0.02 to 0.16).Conclusion:We conclude that physicians’ confidence regarding DNR discussions is low compared with their confidence regarding other medical discussions and that confidence varies by sex and perceived difficulty of the task. Efforts to improve DNR discussions should explore the need to tailor educational interventions to fit these characteristics.
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Promotes Matrix Metalloproteinase-9–Mediated Oral Cancer Invasion through Snail Expression
Authors: Sun Limin , Diamond Michelle E. , Ottaviano Adam J. , Joseph Mathew J. , Ananthanarayan Vijayalakshmi , Munshi Hidayatullah G. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity, is often associated with local and regional invasion. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is correlated with invasive behavior of OSCC. Because transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is up-regulated in OSCC tumors, we examined the relationship between TGF-β1 signaling and MMP-9 in human OSCC specimens. Evaluation of human specimens showed that tumors with enhanced TGF-β1 signaling also showed increased MMP-9 expression. Because the transcription factor Snail has been determined to be a key mediator of TGF-β1 signaling, we evaluated the role of Snail in TGF-β1–mediated MMP-9 expression. Initially, we examined the extent to which TGF-β1 regulated Snail expression in oral keratinocytes and in OSCC cell lines. TGF-β1 enhanced Snail expression in a majority of the cell lines examined, with the largest induction of Snail detected in UMSCC1 cells. Interestingly, overexpression of Snail in UMSCC1 cells enhanced MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 protein levels. Despite the increase in the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 protein, there was a net increase in the pericellular proteolytic activity as shown by enhanced MMP-9–dependent Matrigel invasion. Moreover, Snail-specific siRNA blocked TGF-β1–induced MMP-9 expression and Matrigel invasion. In addition, Snail increased Ets-1 levels and Ets-1–specific siRNA blocked both Snail- and TGF-β1–mediated MMP-9 expression and Matrigel invasion. Thus, these data show that Snail functions as a molecular mediator of TGF-β1–regulated MMP-9 expression by increasing Ets-1 and thereby contributing to oral cancer progression. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(1):10–20)
The 1976/77 Austral Summer Climate Transition Effects on the Atmospheric Circulation and Climate in Southern South America
Authors: Agosta Eduardo A. , Compagnucci Rosa H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPrevious works suggest that more El Niño–like conditions can be expected over the South American (SA) climate and atmospheric circulation because of the similarity of the predominately warm conditions in the sea surface temperature (SST) over the central-equatorial Pacific after the 1976/77 summer with those of the SSTs during El Niño events. Here, the summer (October to March) low-level atmospheric circulation over southern SA is studied in order to determine the specific changes that can be related with the global climate transition 1976/77. The rotated principal component analysis is applied to the daily 850-hPa geopotential height fields from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis I for the periods before and after 1976/77. The second and third principal patterns reveal changes both in the order of explained variances and in some of their spatial features. They can be associated with an expansion of the subtropical South Atlantic anticyclone over SA and lower midlatitude cyclone activity after the 1976/77 summer. The latter is partly associated with the actual tendency toward the positive phase of the southern annular mode. The main patterns can even explain some changes in the observed precipitation over subtropical central-west Argentina as well as for other subtropical regions. Different inhomogeneity tests applied to the atmospheric circulation climatology support the changes. Results suggest that the atmospheric circulation change could be somewhat unique (not observed in the twentieth century) and, thus, it could not be thoroughly ascribed to the El Niño–like variability.
Relationships between Arctic Sea Ice and Clouds during Autumn
Authors: Schweiger Axel J. , Lindsay Ron W. , Vavrus Steve , Francis Jennifer A. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The connection between sea ice variability and cloud cover over the Arctic seas during autumn is investigated by analyzing the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) products and the Television and Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) Polar Pathfinder satellite datasets. It is found that cloud cover variability near the sea ice margins is strongly linked to sea ice variability. Sea ice retreat is linked to a decrease in low-level cloud amount and a simultaneous increase in midlevel clouds. This pattern is apparent in both data sources. Changes in cloud cover can be explained by changes in the atmospheric temperature structure and an increase in near-surface temperatures resulting from the removal of sea ice. The subsequent decrease in static stability and deepening of the atmospheric boundary layer apparently contribute to the rise in cloud level. The radiative effect of this change is relatively small, as the direct radiative effects of cloud cover changes are compensated for by changes in the temperature and humidity profiles associated with varying ice conditions.
Influences of Atlantic Climate Change on the Tropical Pacific via the Central American Isthmus*
Authors: Xie Shang-Ping , Okumura Yuko , Miyama Toru , Timmermann Axel 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Recent global coupled model experiments suggest that the atmospheric bridge across Central America is a key conduit for Atlantic climate change to affect the tropical Pacific. A high-resolution regional ocean–atmosphere model (ROAM) of the eastern tropical Pacific is used to investigate key processes of this conduit by examining the response to a sea surface temperature (SST) cooling over the North Atlantic. The Atlantic cooling increases sea level pressure, driving northeasterly wind anomalies across the Isthmus of Panama year-round. While the atmospheric response is most pronounced during boreal summer/fall when the tropical North Atlantic is warm and conducive to deep convection, the Pacific SST response is strongest in winter/spring when the climatological northeast trade winds prevail across the isthmus. During winter, the northeasterly cross-isthmus winds intensify in response to the Atlantic cooling, reducing the SST in the Gulf of Panama by cold and dry advection from the Atlantic and by enhancing surface turbulent heat flux and mixing. This Gulf of Panama cooling reaches the equator and is amplified by the Bjerknes feedback during boreal spring. The equatorial anomalies of SST and zonal winds dissipate quickly in early summer as the seasonal development of the cold tongue increases the stratification of the atmospheric boundary layer and shields the surface from the Atlantic influence that propagates into the Pacific as tropospheric Rossby waves. The climatological winds over the far eastern Pacific warm pool turn southwesterly in summer/fall, superimposed on which the anomalous northesterlies induce a weak SST warming there.
The ROAM results are compared with global model water-hosing runs to shed light on intermodel consistency and differences in response to the shutdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Implications for interpreting paleoclimate changes such as Heinrich events are discussed. The results presented here also aid in understanding phenomena in the present climate such as the Central American midsummer drought and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation.