bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Radaelli F. , Cortelezzi A. , Zocchi L. , Castagnone D. , Baldini L. , Colombi M. , Mozzana R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA diagnosis of deep‐seated mycosis was made in 54 patients with hematologic malignancies, severe neutropenia and fever, based on a set of clinical and laboratory criteria. Standardized antifungal treatment was started in 31 patients who seven days after onset of fever had not responded to antibiotics; the fungal infection was cured in 13, all of whom had a simultaneous remission of neutropenia, whereas the other 18 who did not respond to antifungal treatment, all had a falling or static neutrophil count. None of the 23 patients who were given no or inadequate antifungal treatment survived regardless of the neutrophil count and/or phase of the hematologic disease. We discuss the suitability of utilizing empirical criteria for a diagnosis of disseminated fungal infection as a basis for starting antifungal therapy in this type of patient.
Second primary malignant neoplasms in patients treated for hodgkin's disease at st bartholomew's hospital
Authors: Dorreen M. S. , Gregory W. M. , Wrigley P. F. M. , Stansfeld A. G. , Lister T. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe incidence of second malignant neoplasms (SMN's) was investigated in a group of 529 patients with Hodgkin's Disease (HD) treated at St Bartholomew's Hospital (SBH). SMN's were seen in 27 of these patients giving an incidence rate three and a half times that expected in an age and sex matched normal population (p = ≦ 0·001). The incidence rate was higher in those receiving multiple chemotherapy and radiotherapy for relapsed HD compared with those receiving primary radiotherapy, chemotherapy or chemotherapy with adjuvant radiotherapy (p = 0·02). However, the increased incidence rate in those patients treated with chemotherapy on relapse, may reflect in part a delayed effect of their primary therapy, since the incidence rate in the primary treatment group only becomes significantly raised after six years. When allowance was made for this delay the difference between the two groups was no longer significantThe incidence rates for Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) and myelogenous leukaemia were 32 and 57 times those expected, compared with only two and a half times the expected rate for non‐haematological SMN's (p = » 0·001). The four acute myeloid leukaemias (AML) all occurred within five years of treatment compared to wide‐ranging intervals between treatment and occurrence of SMN in the other groups. The increased incidence of NHL may be an alternative expression of lymphoid abnormality rather than a treatment‐related occurrence. Multiple SMN's were diagnosed in three patients. This represented a highly significant (p = « 0·001) increase over the expected incidence of multiple neoplasia in the general populationSeveral factors may contribute to the development of SMN's in HD, including an inherent disposition of HD itself. The time‐dependent incidence pattern of SMN's with a delay followed by an increased incidence rate, suggests that treatment plays a key role. It is not yet clear whether more intensive, or multiple treatments add to the risk accrued for the initial treatment.
Mediastinal germ cell tumour associated with malignant histiocytosis and high rubella titres
Authors: Ashby M. A. , Williams C. J. , Buchanan R. B. , Bleehen N. M. , Arno J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo further cases of a haematological malignancy are reported in patients with mediastinal germ cell tumours. Two young men developed bone marrow infiltration with histiocytes showing erythrophagocytosis shortly after subtotal excision of a malignant teratoma of the anterior mediastinum. Serial viral titres showed a rise in rubella antibody titres by haemoagglutination inhibition in both cases, antirubella IgG (ELISA) in one case and rubella RH zone in the other, in the absence of detectable IgM rubella antibiodies. In case 1 a diagnosis of virus associated haemophagocytic syndrome was made and he was treated with interferon and steroids. In case 2 the diagnosis was initially idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura but he deteriorated on steroids, and was subsequently unsuccessfully treated with chemotherapy and gamma globulin infusions. The disease ran a rapid downhill course with progressive marrow failure and they both died 5 months after diagnosis. Review of the presenting histology, the progressive course of the disease and post mortem histology, suggests that they had malignant histiocytosis. The association between mediastinal teratoma and haematological malignancy is of biological importance. Serial viral titres should be measured in patients with malignant histiocytosis to see if there is a raised rubella titre. Such viral studies are also warranted where there is an association between a mediastinal germ cell tumour and haematological malignancy.
Purine degradative enzymes in circulating malignant cells of patients with chronic B cell neoplasia
Authors: Ho Anthony D. , Knauf Wolfgang , Ganeshaguru Kanagabasai , Hunstein Werner , Hoffbrand A. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious reports have shown that the purine degradative enzymes adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and ecto‐5'‐nucleotidase (5'NT), play an important role in the normal development of lymphocytes and that investigations of these enzymes are of value in defining subsets of lymphoid malignancies of T‐cell origin. Pharmacological inhibition of one of these enzymes has been found to be an effective treatment for a few lymphatic neoplasia. We have studied the activities of the above enzymes in the circulating malignant cells of 25 patients with B‐chronic lymphatic leukemia (B‐CLL), four patients with B prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), seven patients with leukemic centrocytic lymphoma (CC), 18 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and 16 patients with immunocytoma (IC). For comparison, the blasts of nine patients with ‘common’ acute lymphatic leukemia (cALL) and normal T (n = 12) and B (n = 8) cells were simultaneously investigated. Despite morphologic similarity, the leukemic cells of the chronic B cell malignancies demonstrate different enzyme patterns. B‐CLL is characterized by very low activities of all the enzymes ADA, PNP and 5'NT. In the cells of HCL the highest values of PNP are found. The leukemic cells of IC are characterized by low levels of ADA but moderate levels of PNP and high levels of 5'NT. Thus some of the entities of B malignancies show typical enzyme patterns which might be of importance in defining maturation stages of the disease. The differences in these enzyme patterns can also be made use of in therapy with enzyme inhibitors such as deoxycoformycin.
A comparison of bone marrow findings in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and aids related conditions
Authors: Namiki T. S. , Boone D. C. , Meyer P. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBone marrow biopsies and smears were examined from 70 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS related conditions: 32 patients with AIDS; 9, at risk, group patients with B‐cell lymphoma; 22 patients with AIDS related complex (ARC) and 7, at risk, group patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The first three groups showed similarity with respect to frequency of nonspecific findings: hypo and hypercellularity, marrow damage, lymphoid aggregates, histiocytosis, plasmacytosis and features of myelodysplasia. AFB and fungal organisms were present in the biopsies of 17 per cent of AIDS and 18 per cent of ARC patients. The organisms were associated with bone marrow granulomas or histiocytosis, peripheral lymphopenia and anemia. Only one out of 9 biopsies in patients with previous diagnoses of lymphoma showed involvement of the marrow. One case each of Hodgkin's disease and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma were discovered incidentally among the 22 biopsies from ARC patients without a previous diagnosis of lymphoma. Except for those presenting with ITP alone, bone marrow changes are similar in patients with AIDS and AIDS related conditions.
Acute leukemia with coexpression of lymphoid and myeloid phenotypes
Authors: Gupta A. Das , Advani S. H. , Nair C. N. , Gopal R. , Saikia T. , Kumar M. S. Ashok , John B. , Dhond S. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA multiparameter analysis of 706 cases of acute leukemia (AL) over a two‐year period revealed only six cases (0·86 per cent) with coexpression of lymphoid and myeloid phenotypes. In three cases, expression of both lymphoid and myeloid markers by the majority of the blast cells suggested a ‘biphenotypic’ pattern while in the remaining three cases, the lymphoid and myeloid phenotypes were seggregated into two morphologically distinct populations of blast cells indicating a ‘biclonal’ distribution. The poor response to anti‐acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy in five of these six cases underlines the bad prognostic significance of Co‐expression of lymphoid and myeloid phenotypes in AL. The incidence of ‘mixed lineage’ phenotype in the present series appears very low.
Management of stage I–II diffuse aggressive non‐hodgkin's lymphoma of the waldeyer's ring: Combined modality therapy versus radiotherapy alone
Authors: Liang R. , Ng R. P. , Todd D. , Choy D. , Khoo R. K. K. , Ho F. C. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty five patients with stage I and II diffuse aggressive non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the Waldeyer's ring were reviewed. There were 19 patients with diffuse histiocytic, 4 diffuse lymphocytic poorly differentiated and 2 diffuse mixed lymphoma. Their median age was 51 years. There were 12 males and 13 females. Eight patients had stage I, and 17 had stage II disease. There was a significantly higher incidence of involvement of the left side of the Waldeyer's ring compared to the right (p = 0.0251). Fifteen patients received radiotherapy alone, and ten had radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The median durations of follow‐up were 42 (range 8–162) and 44 (range 8–97) months respectively. All patients had complete remission but 9 patients (36 per cent) subsequently had relapse of their lymphomas. Stomach was the commonest site of relapse (44 per cent). The disease free survival and overall survival at 5 years were 59 per cent and 57 per cent respectively. Higher relapse rate was observed in the radiotherapy alone group (60 per cent) as compared to the combined modality therapy group (0 per cent). Patients who received combined modality therapy had significantly superior 5 years disease free survival (100 per cent versus 32 per cent, p <0.01) and overall survival (81 per cent versus 40 per cent, p <0.05). After radiotherapy alone, patients with stage II disease appeared to have a high relapse rate than those with stage I disease (70 per cent versus 40 per cent) but the difference did not reach statistical significance due to small sample sizes. The histological subtypes did not appear to affect their prognosis. All patients with stage I and II diffuse aggressive non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the Waldeyer's ring should have gastrointestinal barium studies at initial staging, and a prospective randomised study on these patients comparing radiotherapy alone and combined modality therapy should be performed.
The prognostic significance of X‐ray changes at presentation and reassessment in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Smith David B. , Scarffe J. Howard , Eddleston Brian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between presenting skeletal X‐ray findings and survival in multiple myeloma was assessed in 172 consecutive patients treated at this institute. All patients were investigated, treated and followed up according to one protocol. The shortest survival was seen in those with normal X‐rays (3‐year actuarial 11 per cent) and the longest in those with minimal lytic changes (3‐year actuarial 44 per cent). Patients with osteoporosis alone and those with extensive lytic lesions had intermediate survivals of 32 per cent and 33 per cent respectively. Of the other major prognostic features only anaemia demonstrated a significant correlation with X‐ray findings in terms of survival (p < 0.001) suggesting that those with normal X‐rays may have a more diffuse marrow involvement accounting for their poor prognosis.The response on bone X‐rays in 102 patients who completed nine cycles of chemotherapy was also analysed. Patients with evidence of healing had a 3‐year actuarial survival of 37 per cent, those with progression 36 per cent and those with stable X‐rays 65 per cent (p < 0.01).Normal bone X‐rays at presentation and radiological evidence of healing following therapy appear to be bad prognostic signs in multiple myeloma.
Treatment of early chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Intermittent chlorambucil versus observation
Authors: Shustik C. , Mick R. , Silver R. , Sawitsky A. , Rai K. , Shapiro L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of early therapy on the course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has not been established. Fifty‐nine patients with indolent Rai stage I and II CLL were randomized to receive intermittent chlorambucil once a month or to receive no treatment. The two groups were comparable in entry characteristics. At 5 years from randomization there was no significant difference in survival between the two groups although the proportion of patients exhibiting active disease 5 years after randomization is 70 per cent in the untreated group and 55 per cent in the treated group. In this study, early treatment of CLL with intermittent chlorambucil did not result in a survival advantage for patients with indolent stage I and II CLL.
CHOP and COPBLAM chemotherapy for diffuse large cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas: A retrospective comparison
Authors: Gerhartz Heinrich H. , Thiel Eckhard , Hiller Erhard , Nerl Christoph , Kolb Hans J. , Wilmanns Wolfgang , Huhn Dieter ,   All the authors are members of the Munich Lymphoma Study Group
Published: February 2007

AbstractBetween 1979 and 1985 61 consecutive patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas of unfavourable histology (mostly diffuse large cell lymphomas subclassified according to Kiel nomenclature) were treated in our departments by either the CHOP‐ (n = 34) or the COPBLAM‐regimen (n = 27). A retrospective analysis revealed that prognostic variables, excluding primary central nervous system (CNS)‐involvement (n = 5), were equally distributed between both groups. Remission rates were significantly higher in the COPBLAM treated patients as compared with the CHOP treated group (85 per cent versus 38 per cent CR, P = 0.001) even when cases with primary CNS‐disease were excluded. The survival curve did not reach a plateau in CHOP treated cases, whereas 85 per cent of the COPBLAM treated group reached a plateau by 15 months. The mean observation time, however, was shorter in the COPBLAM treated group (37 versus 30 months, respectively).It is concluded that the COPBLAM regimen is superior to the CHOP‐protocol in inducing complete responses in aggressive non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. Longer follow‐ups are needed to definitely show if this corresponds to an increased proportion of ‘cures’.
Comparative analysis of [3H]‐thymidine labelling index and monoclonal antibody Ki‐67 in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: Veneroni S. , Costa A. , Motta R. , Giardini R. , Rilke F. , Silvestrini R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relation between the [3H]‐thymidine labelling index (3H‐Thy LI), which evaluates the S‐phase cells, and the monoclonal antibody Ki‐67 (MoAb Ki‐67), which recognizes a nuclear antigen expressed during the cell cycle, was defined in 35 non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). Significantly higher median values of [3H]‐Thy LI and Ki‐67‐positive cells were observed for high‐grade than for low‐grade malignancy tumours according to the Kiel classification, but with wide and overlapping values for the two morphologic subgroups. A significant correlation was observed between [3H]‐Thy LI and Ki‐67‐positive cells (P < 0.0001; r = 0.62). However, the ratio between the two cell kinetic variables on individual tumours was not constant. It sharply increased with decreasing [3H]‐Thy LI values and was much higher in low‐grade NHL than in high‐grade NHL. Follow‐up studies are needed to establish the role of the tumour growth fraction as evaluated by MoAb Ki‐67 as a prognostic indicator in NHL.
Retinoic acid alone and in combination with cytosine arabinoside induces differentiation of human myelomonocytic and monoblastic leukaemic cells
Authors: Hassan H. T. , Rees J. K. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of retinoic acid (RA) alone and in combination with cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C) on differentiation of fresh human myeloid leukaemic cells from patients with AML was studied. Cells from six patients: three with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia AMMoL and three with acute monoblastic leukaemia AMoL with a percentage of blasts > 70, were treated in an in vitro primary suspension culture with retinoic acid (10−7 M), cytosine arabinoside (100 ng/ml) or both in combination. Non‐adherent mononuclear cells were seeded at a concentration of 5 × 105 cells/ml in RPMI 1640 culture medium supplemented with 20 per cent fetal bovine serum and 10 per cent (PHA‐LCM) phytohaemagglutinin leucocyte conditioned medium and incubated for 6 days at 37°C in a humidified incubator containing 5 per cent CO2 in air. Morphological and functional differentiation into terminal mature elements was induced in all leukaemia cells of the six patients following exposure to the combination of both agents. These results suggest the potential usefulness of the combination of a differentiating agent (retinoic acid) and an antileukaemic drug (cytosine arabinoside) in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemias: AMMoL and AMoL. This combination warrants a clinical trial.
Blood lymphocyte characteristics as predictors of prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B‐cell type
Authors: Kimby E. , Mellstedt H. , Nilsson B. , Björkholm M. , Holm G. , Lindemalm C. , Tribukait B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prognostic information of blood lymphocyte characteristics and clinical findings was assessed in 62 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B cell type. Bivariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed using age, Rai stage, surface membrane immunoglobulin (smIg) isotype pattern of the leukemic clone, total lymphocyte counts, numbers of proliferating lymphocytes and T cell subpopulations. Rai stages III and IV, high numbers of blood lymphocytes in S‐phase (S+) and smμ isotype were found to be partly independent factors predicting short therapy‐free survival. Patients with a smμ+leukemic cell clone had a shorter therapy‐free and total survival compared to those with smμ+/δ+and smδ+leukemic cells. Moreoever, patients with high numbers of blood S+lymphocytes had a shorter therapy‐free and total survival compared to those with few S+cells. These prognostic variables were valid also in patients with a low tumour burden (Rai stages 0, I and II) and may thus be of clinical importance as a guideline for therapeutic intervention.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in 24 patients with multiple myeloma reported to the ebmt registry
Authors: Gahrton G. , Tura S. , Flesch M. , Gratwohl A. , Gravett P. , Lindeberg A. , Lucarelli G. , Michallet M. , Reiffers J. , Ringdén O. , Nikoskelainen J. , Van Lint M. T. , Vernant J.‐P. , Zwaan F. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐four patients with multiple myeloma received an allogeneic bone‐marrow graft from HLA‐compatible sibling donors (n = 23), or a twin donor (n = 1). Eighteen patients are alive, 1‐36 months post bone‐marrow transplantation (median 14 months). Ten of these patients had no signs of multiple myeloma as judged by immunoglobulins in serum, light chains in urine, or the percentage of plasma‐cells in bone‐marrow aspirate. Bone lesions on X‐ray were mainly unchanged. Six patients died from transplant‐related complications 3 weeks to 5 months post transplantation. One of these patients had severe acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD). In other patients aGVHD was a minor problem. Allogeneic bone‐marrow transplantation appears to be a promising method for treatment of a selected group of patients with multiple myeloma.
Immunogenotyping in Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Griesser Henrik , Mak Tak W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis review presents and discusses the immunogenotypic findings in 112 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and eight Hodgkin's cell lines. Clonal rearrangements of the T cell receptor γ and β chain, as well as immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes, are detected in the majority of nodular sclerosis and lymphocytic depletion subtypes. Together with the recent immunophenotypic data, these findings are in favour of the view that HD is a disease of activated lymphoid cells. Further investigations will be necessary to characterize the morphology and immunophenotype of the clonally rearranged cell population which seems not to be confined to the Sternberg‐Reed and Hodgkin cell in every case. Prospective clinical studies including the genotype of HD cases have to be done in order to address the question of whether or not distinctive immunogenotypic profiles correlate with the clinical course of this lymphoproliferative disorder.
In vitro analysis of cell populations involved in Hodgkin's disease lesions and in the characteristic T cell immunodeficiency
Authors: Ford Richard J. , Rajaraman Chitra , Lu Ming , Blick Mark 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHodgkin's disease (HD) is an aggressive human lymphoproliferative disease that displays a curious pleomorphic histopathologic appearance unlike that of any of the common non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). Although the bizarre giant cells of the HD lesion, the Reed‐Sternberg cells (RSC) and mononuclear variant Hodgkin's cells (HC), have been considered to be malignant cells, little objective evidence supports this conclusion. We have studied the proliferative characteristics of T cell as well as RSC and HC‐enriched populations from HD lesions, and found the majority of the proliferative activity in the T cell populations. RSC‐enriched populations not only showed little spontaneous proliferation, but also did not respond to a variety of cytokine growth factors in vitro, suggesting that these cell populations are not actively growing cells. Further molecular studies to identify possible monoclonal T or B cell populations in HD lesions, using a TCR β chain probe and IgH probes respectively on Southern blot analysis, revealed no evidence of monoclonal lymphoid cell populations.Additional studies on the characteristic T cell immunodeficiency in HD were also undertaken. Our previous studies had associated a decrement in IL‐2 production with this defect. Our studies now show that an intrinsic T cell abnormality exists when HD patients' T cells are stimulated with agonistic MAb that can optimally activate and stimulate IL‐2 production in normal control T cells.
Prognostic factors in decision‐making in the clinical management of Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Hagemeister Fredrick B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAt the beginning of this conference, Dr Ford asked whether or not Hodgkin's disease was a malignancy. Most physicians would agree that, regardless of whether this question can be answered on a molecular level, Hodgkin's disease certainly behaves like a malignancy, and clinically fits criteria necessary to call it one. It grows without control locally, comprising vital organs. It ‘metastasizes’, infiltrates organs, and causes organ dysfunction. Patients afflicted with the disease have a shortened life span without proper therapy, as demonstrated by DeVita in his original publication describing the benefits of MOPP chemotherapy (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) (DeVita et al., 1970). However, it can progress very slowly, with 50 per cent of untreated patients with stage III or IV disease dead at one year, but 10 to 15 per cent alive at five years. Therefore, in its clinical behaviour, Hodgkin's disease certainly qualifies as a malignant disorder, despite the fact that we do not have the molecular means of calling it one.