bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative expression analysis of the neurogenins in Xenopus tropicalis and Xenopus laevis
Authors: Nieber Frank , Pieler Tomas , Henningfeld Kristine A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe Neurogenin (Ngn 1–3) family of proneural basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors are key regulators of vertebrate neurogenesis. In the developing vertebrate nervous system, the Ngns are essential for the commitment to a neuronal fate and participate in the specification of neuronal cell‐type identity. Xenopus laevis is widely used as a model system to study the early events of vertebrate neurogenesis, however, only Ngnr‐1, which is most closely related to the mammalian Ngn2, has been described and characterized. Presently, we describe a comparative expression analysis of the Ngn1–3 in X. tropicalis and X. laevis embryos. The Xenopus Ngns are present in overlapping, as well as unique regions of the nervous system starting at gastrula stages, suggesting distinct roles for this important family of transcriptional factors in the establishment of the amphibian nervous system. Developmental Dynamics 238:451–458, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tamoxifen‐dependent, inducible Hoxb6CreERT recombinase function in lateral plate and limb mesoderm, CNS isthmic organizer, posterior trunk neural crest, hindgut, and tailbud
Authors: Nguyen Minh‐Thanh , Zhu Jianjian , Nakamura Eiichiro , Bao Xiaozhong , Mackem Susan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe ability to generate conditional mutant alleles in mice using Cre‐lox technology has facilitated analysis of genes playing critical roles in multiple developmental processes at different times. We used a transgenic Hoxb6 promoter to drive tamoxifen‐dependent Cre recombinase expression in several developing systems that serve as major models for elucidating inductive interactions and mechanisms of morphogenesis, including lateral plate mesoderm and descendant limb buds, neural crest progenitors of the neural tube, tailbud, and CNS isthmic organizer. The Hoxb6CreERT line gives very rapid and complete recombination over a short time window after a single tamoxifen dose, allowing precise time requirements for gene function to be assessed accurately. Embryonic cells cultured from the Hoxb6CreERT line also display rapid recombination ex vivo after tamoxifen exposure. Hence, the Hoxb6CreERT line provides a valuable tool for analyzing gene function, as well as lineage tracing studies using genetic cell marking, in several developing systems. Developmental Dynamics 238:467–474, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary endothelial proliferation and morphogenesis are regulated by a VEGF‐mediated pathway
Authors: Nesbitt Tresa L. , Roberts Andrea , Tan Hong , Junor Lorain , Yost Michael J. , Potts Jay D. , Dettman Robert W. , Goodwin Richard L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThough development of the coronary vasculature is a critical event during embryogenesis, the molecular mechanisms that regulate its formation are not well characterized. Two unique approaches were used to investigate interactions between cardiac myocytes and proepicardial (PE) cells, which are the coronary anlagen. One of these experimental approaches used a 3‐D collagen scaffold system on which specific cell‐cell and cell‐matrix interactions were studied. The other approach used a whole heart culture system that allowed for the analysis of epicardial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT). The VEGF signaling system has been implicated previously as an important regulator of coronary development. Our results demonstrated that a specific isoform of VEGF‐A, VEGF164, increased PE‐derived endothelial cell proliferation and also increased EMT. However, VEGF‐stimulated endothelial cells did not robustly coalesce into endothelial tubes as they did when cocultured with cardiac myocytes. Interestingly, blocking VEGF signaling via flk‐1 inhibition reduced endothelial tube formation despite the presence of cardiac myocytes. These results indicate that VEGF signaling is complex during coronary development and that combinatorial signaling by other VEGF‐A isoforms or other flk‐1‐binding VEGFs are likely to regulate endothelial tube formation. Developmental Dynamics 238:423–430, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formaldehyde‐based whole‐mount in situ hybridization method for planarians
Authors: Pearson Bret J. , Eisenhoffer George T. , Gurley Kyle A. , Rink Jochen C. , Miller Diane E. , Sánchez Alvarado Alejandro 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWhole‐mount in situ hybridization (WISH) is a powerful tool for visualizing gene expression patterns in specific cell and tissue types. Each model organism presents its own unique set of challenges for achieving robust and reproducible staining with cellular resolution. Here, we describe a formaldehyde‐based WISH method for the freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea developed by systematically comparing and optimizing techniques for fixation, permeabilization, hybridization, and postprocessing. The new method gives robust, high‐resolution labeling in fine anatomical detail, allows co‐labeling with fluorescent probes, and is sufficiently sensitive to resolve the expression pattern of a microRNA in planarians. Our WISH methodology not only provides significant advancements over current protocols that make it a valuable asset for the planarian community, but should also find wide applicability in WISH methods used in other systems. Developmental Dynamics 238:443–450, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ligand‐specific function of transforming growth factor beta in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in heart development
Authors: Azhar Mohamad , Runyan Raymond B. , Gard Connie , Sanford L. Philip , Miller Marian L. , Andringa Anastasia , Pawlowski Sharon , Rajan Sudarsan , Doetschman Thomas 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe ligand specificity of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) in vivo in mouse cardiac cushion epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is poorly understood. To elucidate the function of TGFβ in cushion EMT, we analyzed Tgfb1−/−, Tgfb2−/−, and Tgfb3−/− mice between embryonic day (E) 9.5 and E14.5 using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Atrioventricular (AV) canal collagen gel assays at E9.5 indicated normal EMT in both Tgfb1−/− and Tgfb3−/− mice. However, analysis of Tgfb2−/− AV explants at E9.5 and E10.5 indicated that EMT, but not cushion cell proliferation, was initially delayed but later remained persistent. This was concordant with the observation that Tgfb2−/− embryos, and not Tgfb1−/− or Tgfb3−/− embryos, develop enlarged cushions at E14.5 with elevated levels of well‐validated indicators of EMT. Collectively, these data indicate that TGFβ2, and not TGFβ1 or TGFβ3, mediates cardiac cushion EMT by promoting both the initiation and cessation of EMT. Developmental Dynamics 238:431–442, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short limbs, cleft palate, and delayed formation of flat proliferative chondrocytes in mice with targeted disruption of a putative protein kinase gene, Pkdcc (AW548124)
Authors: Imuta Yu , Nishioka Noriyuki , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Sasaki Hiroshi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHindlimbs of Pkdcc−/− (left) and control (right) neonates at birth. The mouse mutants for a putative protein kinase gene, Pkdcc (AW548124), have short limbs. The mineralized regions of the long bones of four limbs were specifically shortened, and cause of this abnormality is delayed formation of flat proliferative chondrocytes and hypertrophic chondrocytes. The background image is a parasagittal section of the humerus of a normal E15.5 embryo showing the differentiating chondrocytes. See Imuta et al., Developmental Dynamics 238:210–222, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Europeanization, strategic environmental assessment and the impacts on environmental governance
Authors: Unalan Dilek , Cowell Richard J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRecent European Union (EU) directives in the environmental field have promoted sustainable development alongside new modes of environmental governance for achieving this elusive goal. These modes are characterised by integrated, participatory and transparent decision‐making processes. This paper provides a conceptual clarification of this new environmental governance and then examines the extent to which it is being promoted, through Europeanization, in one of the impending south‐eastern enlargement countries, Turkey. Empirical data is taken from an analysis of Turkey's progress in adopting the Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive which – potentially at least – embodies features of the new environmental governance. A key finding is that there are close links between the adoption of the new modes of environmental governance and the power of ‘Europeanization discourses’ in national policy making processes, but these are insufficient to forge significant changes in inter‐sectoral working around environmental issues, or markedly expand opportunities for public participation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The European Union in international environmental negotiations: an analysis of the Stockholm Convention negotiations
Authors: Delreux Tom 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article focuses on the way the European Union acted as a negotiating party during the international negotiations leading to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (1998–2000). Starting from a principal–agent model, the article discusses how the EU participated in these negotiations and how the internal decision‐making process developed. It argues that the EU was able to negotiate in a unified and influential way by defending a common position, which was expressed by a flexible negotiation arrangement, at the international level. Three features of the EU decision‐making process engendered such a strong EU negotiation arrangement: homogeneous preferences among the actors in the EU, symmetrically distributed information among them and a cooperative and institutionally dense decision‐making context. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Implementation and integration of EU environmental directives. Experiences from The Netherlands
Authors: Beunen Raoul , van der Knaap Wim G. M. , Biesbroek G. Robbert 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEuropean integration has consequences for environmental planning in the European Union. Recent evaluations of the European Commission show that implementation of environmental directives proves to be a challenging task for the responsible authorities. This paper discusses the relation between the implementation of the Water Framework Directive and the Birds and Habitats Directives in The Netherlands. Studies from this member state show that legal and procedural aspects of planning and decision making gain the most attention and that environmental goals are fading into the background. We study the integration of the two directives from a policy and practice perspective and discuss the difficulties that arise in the implementation process. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Catalyst Leaching as an Efficient Tool for Constructing New Catalytic Reactions: Application to the Synthesis of Cyclic Vinyl Sulfides and Vinyl Selenides
Authors: Ananikov Valentine P. , Gayduk Konstantin A. , Beletskaya Irina P. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Antipin Mikhail Yu. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCatalyst leaching from Pd and Ni particles stabilized by organic sulfur and selenium ligands occurs in solution in the presence of phosphanes. This process has been monitored in real time by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and the nature of the metal species established. This catalyst leaching is shown to be a powerful tool for generating new catalytic activity from species formed in situ where the parent bulk particles are inactive. The catalytic system developed has been successfully implemented in a novel synthetic procedure that provides new types of cyclic sulfur and selenium compounds in high yields through the reaction between alkynes and dichalcogenides. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
On‐line preconcentration and enantioseparation of thalidomide racemates by CEC with the hyphenation of octyl and norvancomycin monoliths
Authors: Tang An‐Na , Wang Xiao‐Nan , Ding Guo‐Sheng , Yan Xiu‐Ping 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA method was developed for simultaneous preconcentration and chiral separation of thalidomide enantiomers in human urine by CEC in combination with self‐concentration and solvent gradient effects. A 4 cm long octyl (C8) monolithic column was hyphenated with a 15 cm long norvancomycin (NVC)‐bonded monolithic column via a fluorinated ethylene–propylene interface. Sample solution was injected into the C8 monolithic column, the two thalidomide enantiomers were first preconcentrated on the C8 monolithic column, and then separated with a further concentration on the NVC‐bonded monolithic column by CEC. Injection of 34.8 mm plug of sample solution gave 278‐ and 298‐fold enhancement in sensitivity, and detection limits of 90 and 94 μg/L for the two thalidomide enantiomers. Peak areas of the two isomers were linear in a range of 0.5–50 mg/L. The precision for five replicate injections of 10 mg/L were 0.8–0.9 and 1.1–2.3% for the migration time and peak height, respectively. The developed method was applied to the determination of racemic thalidomide in spiked human urine samples.
CEC column behaviour of butyl and lauryl methacrylate monoliths prepared in non‐aqueous media
Authors: Cantó‐Mirapeix Amparo , Herrero‐Martínez José M. , Mongay‐Fernández Carlos , Simó‐Alfonso Ernesto F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPolymeric monolithic stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography were prepared using two bulk monomers, butyl methacrylate (BMA) and lauryl methacrylate (LMA), by in situ polymerization in non‐aqueous media. The effect of 1,4‐butanediol/1‐propanol ratio on porous properties was investigated separately for each monomer, keeping the proportion of monomers to pore‐forming solvents fixed at 40:60 wt:wt. Also, mixtures of BMA and LMA at different 1,4‐butanediol/1‐propanol ratios were studied for tailoring the morphological features of the monolithic columns. The chromatographic performance of the different columns was evaluated by means of van Deemter plots of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Mercury‐intrusion porosimetry, SEM, and nitrogen‐adsorption measurements were also performed in order to understand their retention behaviour and porous properties. A comparison of these features was also performed for monoliths made with one bulk monomer (BMA or LMA) and with mixtures of both. These mixed monoliths showed satisfactory efficiencies and analysis times compared with those made with one bulk monomer; thus, the BMA–LMA monoliths constitute an attractive alternative to manipulate the electrochromatographic properties of methacrylate beds in CEC.
Simultaneous determination of galantamine, rivastigmine and NAP 226‐90 in plasma by MEKC and its application in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hsieh Ya‐Hui , Yang Yuan‐Han , Yeh Hsin‐Hua , Lin Ping‐Chih , Chen Su‐Hwei 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA simple and sensitive MEKC with UV detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors including galantamine, rivastigmine and major metabolite NAP 226‐90 in plasma. A sample pretreatment by liquid–liquid extraction with diethylether and subsequent quantification by MEKC was used. The optimum separation for these analytes was achieved in <10 min at 25°C with a fused‐silica capillary column of 30.2 cm×50 μ m id (effective length 20 cm) and a run buffer containing 25 mM Tris buffer (pH 5.0) with 160 mM sodium octanesulfonate, 20% ACN and 0.01% PVP as a dynamic coating to reduce analytes' interaction with the capillary wall. For sensitivity consideration regarding the determination of linearity, LOD, quantitation and monitoring drugs concentration in patients, the detection wavelengths for galantamine or rivastigmine and NAP 226‐90 were set at 214 or 200 nm, respectively. One male volunteer (26‐year‐old) was orally administered a single dose of 4.5 mg rivastigmine (Exelon®, Novartis) in capsule, and blood samples were drawn over a 12 h period for concentration–time profile study. The method was also successfully applied for monitoring galantamine or rivastigmine and its metabolite NAP 226‐90 in 11 Alzheimer's disease patients' plasma after oral administration of the commercial products Reminyl® (8 mg galantamine/capsule) or Exelon® (3 mg rivastigmine/capsule), respectively.
Chemical initiation for butyl and lauryl acrylate monolithic columns for CEC
Authors: Cantó‐Mirapeix Amparo , Herrero‐Martínez José M. , Mongay‐Fernández Carlos , Simó‐Alfonso Ernesto F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractButyl acrylate (BA)‐ and lauryl acrylate (LA)‐based monolithic stationary phases for CEC were synthesized, using a redox system as initiator of polymerization. BA monoliths were initiated with ammonium peroxodisulfate, whereas LA columns were obtained with lauroyl peroxide as initiator. In both cases, TEMED was used to activate the process. The influence of porogenic solvent composition on both morphological and electrochromatographic properties of the resulting monoliths was investigated. Excellent efficiencies (minimum plate heights of 4.2–6.3 μm for BA columns and 2.6–5.3 μm for LA stationary phases, for a PAHs mixture) were achieved. The capability of separation of both types of monolithic beds was compared by the analysis of complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and anabolic steroids.
Apoptosis induction by sulfur‐containing compounds in malignant and nonmalignant human cells
Authors: Fimognari Carmela , Lenzi Monia , Hrelia Patrizia 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPlants have traditionally represented a main source for the discovery of many biologically active substances with therapeutic values. Sulfur‐containing compounds exhibit pleiotropic biological effects supporting their potential use in multitargeted cancer prevention and treatment. As potential anti‐cancer agents, they have been shown to inhibit or retard the growth of various cancer cells in culture and implanted tumors in vivo. The compounds significantly inhibit experimental tumorigenesis in a wide range of animal models. A critical and well‐elucidated cellular mechanism involved in the anticancer activities of sulfur‐containing compounds is the induction of apoptosis through the fine‐tuning of orchestrated intracellular signal transduction. This review summarizes the established proapoptotic activities of sulfur‐containing compounds in malignant and nonmalignant cells with a special focus on their molecular mechanisms. The potential toxicological implications of proapoptotic effects on normal cells will also be discussed. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes and lung cancer risk in Xuanwei, China
Authors: Shen Min , Vermeulen Roel , Rajaraman Preetha , Menashe Idan , He Xingzhou , Chapman Robert S. , Yeager Meredith , Thomas Gilles , Burdett Laurie , Hutchinson Amy , Yuenger Jeff , Chanock Stephen , Lan Qing 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe high incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei County, China has been attributed to exposure to indoor smoky coal emissions that contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The inflammatory response induced by coal smoke components may promote lung tumor development. We studied the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in innate immunity and lung cancer risk in a population‐based case–control study (122 cases and 122 controls) in Xuanwei. A total of 1,360 tag SNPs in 149 gene regions were included in the analysis. FCER2 rs7249320 was the most significant SNP (OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.16–0.55; P: 0.0001; false discovery rate value, 0.13) for variant carriers. The gene regions ALOX12B/ALOX15B and KLK2 were associated with increased lung cancer risk globally (false discovery rate value <0.15). In addition, there were positive interactions between KLK15 rs3745523 and smoky coal use (OR: 9.40; Pinteraction = 0.07) and between FCER2 rs7249320 and KLK2 rs2739476 (OR: 10.77; Pinteraction = 0.003). Our results suggest that genetic polymorphisms in innate immunity genes may play a role in the genesis of lung cancer caused by PAH‐containing coal smoke. Integrin/receptor and complement pathways as well as IgE regulation are particularly noteworthy. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2009. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal and spatial behaviour of rip channels in a multiple‐barred coastal system
Authors: Quartel S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA 15‐month data set of daily time‐averaged video images (Argus) has been analyzed to describe the spatial and temporal variability of the rip channels on a multiple‐barred coast at Noordwijk aan Zee, The Netherlands. The landward boundary of the intertidal bars and a proxy of the subtidal bar crest, defined as the intertidal and subtidal bar lines respectively, were derived from the Argus images. Local seaward‐directed deviations of the bar lines represent the cross‐shore and alongshore locations of the rip channels. The average intertidal rip spacing ($\bar \lambda $) was 243 m, but the rips were not spaced regularly (σλ/$\bar \lambda $= 0.47). Some intertidal rips were observed to fill up during falling tide, but the majority remained open. The filled intertidal rip channels had more landward positions and migrated more slowly (2.4 versus 4.6 m/day) in the alongshore direction than the open intertidal rip channels. The number and the alongshore migration rate of open intertidal rip channels increased with the preceding wave heights (r = 0.26, p < 0.01) and alongshore component of the offshore wave power (r = 0.25, p < 0.01), respectively. The shape of the intertidal bar lines was similar to the subtidal bar line shape, suggesting that the intertidal morphology is coupled to the subtidal alongshore variability. The phase of two bar lines could vary from in phase (0°) to out of phase (180°). The phase changes gradually, due to different alongshore migration rates of the intertidal and subtidal bar lines. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.