bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transvenous Intramyocardial Cellular Delivery Increases Retention in Comparison to Intracoronary Delivery in a Porcine Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: GEORGE JON C. , GOLDBERG JONATHAN , JOSEPH MATTHEW , ABDULHAMEED NASREEN , CRIST JOSHUA , DAS HIRANMOY , POMPILI VINCENT J. 
Published: September 2008

Background: Clinical trials using intracoronary (IC) delivery of cells have addressed efficacy but the optimal delivery technique is unknown. Our study aimed to determine whether transvenous intramyocardial (TVIM) approach was advantageous for cellular retention in AMI.
Methods: Domestic pigs (n = 4) underwent catheterization with coronary angiography and ventriculography prior to infarction and pre‐ and post‐cells. Pigs underwent 90‐minute balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). After one week they were prepared for IC (n = 2) or TVIM (n = 2) delivery of bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNC) labeled with GFP. IC infusion used an over‐the‐wire catheter to engage the LAD and balloon inflation to prevent retrograde flow. Venography via the coronary sinus was used for TVIM delivery. The anterior interventricular vein was engaged with a guidewire allowing use of the TransAccess™ catheter that is outfitted with an ultrasound tip for visualization. Animals were sacrificed one hour after delivery and tissue was analyzed.
Results: Procedures were performed without complication and monitoring was uneventful. 1 × 108 MNC were isolated from each bone marrow (BM) preparation and 1 × 107 MNC delivered. Ventriculography at one week revealed wall motion abnormalities consistent with an anterior AMI. TVIM and IC delivery revealed mean 452 cells per section and 235 cells per section on average, respectively, in the infarct zone (P = 0.01).
Conclusion: We have demonstrated that TVIM approach for cell delivery is feasible and safe. Moreover, this approach may provide an advantage over IC infusion in retention of the cellular product; however, larger studies will be necessary.
Edge‐mediated reduction of phorid parasitism on leaf‐cutting ants in a Brazilian Atlantic forest
Authors: De Almeida Walkiria R. , Wirth Rainer , Leal Inara R. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that leaf‐cutting ant populations benefit greatly from living in or near the edges of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. One of the mechanisms responsible for this rise in population density is an edge‐mediated increase of pioneer plants, resulting in increased food availability for the ants (i.e., less bottom‐up control). Here, we hypothesized that the release from natural enemies (i.e., less top‐down control) may also contribute to the phenomenon. We investigated whether parasitism of phorid flies on leaf‐cutting ants decreases in colonies located along the forest edge vs. the interior of a large tract of Atlantic forest in northeastern Brazil. For this, we assessed abundance and rates of oviposition attack by phorids in bimonthly intervals over a period of 1 year in 10 adult colonies of Atta cephalotes (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), five at the forest edge and five in the forest interior. The number of phorids attracted by ants at edge colonies was 40% lower than that at interior colonies. The temporal variation in phorid attraction was also significant, with approximately 35% fewer flies in the dry months as compared to the rainy months. As a result of lower phorid abundance, ant workers of edge colonies suffered three times fewer oviposition attacks than those of interior colonies. There was a tendency for fewer attacks during dry months, but the difference in the temporal variation was not significant. Our findings suggest that edge creation contributes to increased leaf‐cutting ant abundance, not only via the attenuation of bottom‐up forces, but also through an environmentally triggered depression of parasitoid abundance/efficiency, possibly because of adverse environmental conditions in edge habitats.
Preterm birth or foetal growth impairment and psychiatric hospitalization in adolescence and early adulthood in a Swedish population‐based birth cohort
Authors: Monfils Gustafsson W. , Josefsson A. , Ekholm Selling K. , Sydsjö G. 
Published: September 2008

Objective:  Preterm birth and restricted foetal growth are related to symptoms of psychiatric disorder. Our aim was therefore to investigate possible relations between being born preterm and/or small for gestational age (SGA) and later psychiatric hospitalization.Method:  A population‐based registry study of psychiatric hospitalization of in total 155 994 boys and 148 281 girls born in Sweden in 1973–1975.Results:  The risk of hospitalization for all mental disorders was increased for preterm SGA boys (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.49–3.21); at‐term SGA boys (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.34–1.79); at‐term SGA girls (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.15–1.50). At‐term SGA boys and girls suffered increased risk of anxiety and adjustment disorders (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.18–2.45 and OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.14–1.94). Preterm SGA boys were at risk of personality disorders (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.16–9.41) and psychotic disorders (OR 4.36, 95% CI 1.85–10.30).Conclusion:  The results show a relationship between being born SGA and later psychiatric hospitalization, where preterm birth and male gender seem to increase the risk.
Group cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jónsson H. , Hougaard E. 
Published: September 2008

Objective:  Behaviour therapy with exposure and response prevention (ERP) or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) including ERP are considered the psychological treatments of choice for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but group CBT/ERP has received relatively little research attention in the treatment of OCD. The aim of this study was to provide a meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of group CBT/ERP for OCD.Method:  A systematic literature search was conducted and studies were meta‐analysed by means of the Cochrane Review Manager Program with measures of i) pre‐ to post‐effect sizes (ES) and ii) between‐group ES in comparison with different control conditions. Outcome was primarily measured on the Y‐BOCS and ES was calculated in the form of Cohens d.Results:  Thirteen trials were included in the meta‐analysis. The overall pre–post‐ES of these trials of 1.18 and a between‐group ES of 1.12 compared with waiting list control in three randomized controlled studies indicate that group CBT/ERP is an effective treatment for OCD. Group CBT achieved better results than pharmacological treatment in two studies. One study found no significant differences between individual and group CBT.Conclusion:  Group CBT is an effective treatment for OCD, but more studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of group and individual treatment formats.
Midday depression of photosynthesis and effects of mist spray in citrus
Authors: Hu M.‐J. , Guo Y.‐P. , Shen Y.‐G. , Guo D.‐P. , Li D.‐Y. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDiurnal variations of gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and some related biochemical characteristics in sun‐acclimated mature citrus leaves of mist‐sprayed (treatment) and unsprayed (control) trees were compared on sunny days during summer to identify the environmental and physiological factors limiting carbon gain in citrus tree canopies. At midday, net photosynthesis and maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) in citrus leaves decreased significantly under control conditions, but the decrease was mitigated by mist spraying. Although the content of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and activities of antioxidant enzymes increased at midday in both mist‐sprayed and control leaves, they were much higher in control leaves than in mist‐sprayed leaves. The level of D1 protein decreased significantly in control leaves at midday and then was partly recovered later, while that in treated leaves changed to a much lesser extent because of alleviation of photoinhibition by mist spraying. Both the fast and the slow phases of millisecond‐delayed light emissions in treated citrus leaves were higher than those in control leaves, indicating that mist spraying protects the normal operation of the photosynthetic apparatus in leaves. Mist spraying also reduced leaf temperatures and the ratio of air to leaf vapour pressure deficit (ALVPD), leading to increases in stomatal conductance (gs) and alleviation of photoinhibition at midday. It is concluded that the decline of leaf gs under high‐ALVPD conditions in summer is an important factor contributing to midday depression of photosynthesis in citrus, and mist spraying is effective in alleviating midday depression of photosynthesis in citrus leaves.
Application of random amplified polymorphic DNA and inter‐simple sequence repeat markers in the genus Crataegus
Authors: Dai H. , Guo X. , Zhang Y. , Li Y. , Chang L. , Zhang Z. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHawthorn (Crataegus spp.) has a long history as an ornamental and a source of medicine. We report the use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to determine genetic relationships in the genus Crataegus. Twenty‐eight accessions, including eight species (Crataegus pinnatifida, Crataegus bretschneideri, Crataegus maximowiczii, Crataegus kansuensis, Crataegus altaica, Crataegus songarica, Crataegus dahurica and Crataegus sanguinea) and two botanical varieties (C. pinnatifida var. major and C. maximowiczii var. ninganensis) were analysed. Twelve RAPD primers reproducibly and strongly amplified 128 fragments of which 116 were polymorphic; similarly, 13 ISSR primers generated 127 products of which 119 were polymorphic. Dendrograms based on unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average analysis were constructed from both the RAPD and the ISSR data. Similarity coefficient based on RAPD and ISSR markers ranged from 0.22 to 0.98 and 0.23 to 0.98, respectively. The range in similarity coefficient indicated that the genus has a high level of genetic diversity. The Mantel test on the similarity matrices produced by RAPD and ISSR markers gave r = 0.86, showing high correlation between RAPD and ISSR markers in their ability to detect genetic relationships between Crataegus accessions. RAPD and ISSR appear to be reliable methods for the analysis of genetic relationships among hawthorns.
Recruitment and Retention of Rural Physicians: Outcomes From the Rural Physician Associate Program of Minnesota
Authors: Halaas Gwen Wagstrom , Zink Therese , Finstad Deborah , Bolin Keli , Center Bruce 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT:
Context: Founded in 1971 with state funding to increase the number of primary care physicians in rural Minnesota, the Rural Physician Associate Program (RPAP) has graduated 1,175 students. Third‐year medical students are assigned to primary care physicians in rural communities for 9 months where they experience the realities of rural practice with hands‐on participation, mentoring, and one‐to‐one teaching. Students complete an online curriculum, participate in online discussion with fellow students, and meet face‐to‐face with RPAP faculty 6 times during the 9‐month rotation. Projects designed to bring value to the community, including an evidence‐based practice and community health assessment, are completed. Purpose: To examine RPAP outcomes in recruiting and retaining rural primary care physicians. Methods: The RPAP database, including moves and current practice settings, was examined using descriptive statistics. Findings: On average, 82% of RPAP graduates have chosen primary care, and 68% family medicine. Of those currently in practice, 44% have practiced in a rural setting all of the time, 42% in a metropolitan setting and 14% have chosen both, with more than 50% of their time in rural practice. Rural origin has only a small association with choosing rural practice. Conclusion: RPAP data suggest that the 9‐month longitudinal experience in a rural community increases the number of students choosing primary care practice, especially family medicine, in a rural setting.
A Contract‐Based Training System for Rural Physicians: Follow‐Up of Jichi Medical University Graduates (1978‐2006)
Authors: Matsumoto Masatoshi , Inoue Kazuo , Kajii Eiji 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT:
Context: The number of studies on long‐term effects of rural medical education programs is limited. Personal factors that are associated with long‐term retention of physicians in rural areas are scarcely known. Purpose: The authors studied the outcomes of Jichi Medical University (JMU), whose mission is to produce rural doctors, and analyzed the characteristics of its graduates who engaged in rural practice even after their 9‐year obligation of rural practice. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including 2,988 JMU students who graduated between 1978 and 2006. Baseline data were collected at matriculation and graduation. Workplace addresses were surveyed in 2000, 2004, and 2006. Follow‐up rates were 98.7%, 98.2%, and 98.0% respectively. Findings: After their obligation period, JMU graduates were 4 times more likely than non‐JMU graduates to work in rural areas. The higher proportion of JMU graduates in rural areas did not change significantly between 1994 and 2004. The rural recruitment rate of post‐obligation JMU graduates was somewhat lower than rates reported for top rural medical education programs in the United States. In multivariate analyses, rural upbringing and primary care specialty were positively associated with having a rural address in at least one post‐obligation study year (OR 1.89 [95% CI 1.27‐2.81]; and 7.63 [4.37‐13.34], respectively) and settlement (ie, having a rural address over multiple years) after the contract (1.90 [1.04‐3.48]; and 32.07 [4.43‐232.24], respectively). Graduation from a private high school had a negative association with recruitment (0.56 [0.33‐0.96]). Conclusions: JMU was successful in increasing the number and retention of rural physicians. Rural origin and primary care specialty have a positive impact on both recruitment and retention after the rural obligation.
Addressing Agricultural Issues in Health Care Education: An Occupational Therapy Curriculum Program Description
Authors: Smallfield Stacy , Anderson Angela J. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT:
Context: Medical and allied health professionals who work in agricultural states frequently address the needs of clients who live and work in rural and frontier environments. The primary occupations of those living in rural areas include farming, ranching, or other agriculture‐related work. Farming is consistently ranked as one of the most high‐risk occupations for work‐related injuries and accidents; therefore, it is critical that health education programs include content to prepare future medical and health professionals to work with this population. Purpose and Description: This paper describes the rural issues component of the occupational therapy curriculum at The University of South Dakota. This rural issues module is designed to provide occupational therapists with training about the physical, temporal, and sociocultural aspects of production agriculture and the impact these have on the health and well‐being of the agricultural population. It also addresses the occupational therapy implications for farmers and ranchers who have disabilities. Student assessments of the course content have been above average. Conclusion: Training in agricultural health enables our occupational therapy students to be well prepared for work in the rural and frontier areas of South Dakota and other rural locations.
Urban‐Rural Differences in Overweight Status and Physical Inactivity Among US Children Aged 10‐17 Years
Authors: Liu Jihong , Bennett Kevin J. , Harun Nusrat , Probst Janice C. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT:
Context: Few studies have examined the prevalence of overweight status and physical inactivity among children and adolescents living in rural America. Purpose: We examined urban and rural differences in the prevalence of overweight status and physical inactivity among US children. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health, restricted to children aged 10‐17 (unweighted N = 47,757). Overweight status was defined as the gender‐ and age‐specific body mass index (BMI) values at or above the 95th percentile. Physical inactivity was defined using parentally reported moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity leisure‐time physical activity lasting for at least 20 minutes/d on less than three days in the past week. The 2003 Urban Influence Codes were used to define rurality. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine urban/rural differences in overweight status and physical inactivity after adjusting for potential confounders. Findings: Overweight status was more prevalent among rural (16.5%) than urban children (14.3%). After adjusting for covariates including physical activity, rural children had higher odds of being overweight than urban children (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.25). Minorities, children from families with lower socioeconomic status, and children living in the South experienced higher odds of being overweight. More urban children (29.1%) were physically inactive than rural children (25.2%) and this pattern remained after adjusting for covariates (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.73‐0.86). Conclusions: The higher prevalence of overweight among rural children, despite modestly higher physical activity levels, calls for further research into effective intervention programs specifically tailored for rural children.
Rural Hospital Preparedness for Neonatal Resuscitation
Authors: Jukkala Angela , Henly Susan J. , Lindeke Linda 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT:
Context: Neonatal resuscitation is a critical component of perinatal services in all settings. Purpose: To systematically describe preparedness of rural hospitals for neonatal resuscitation, and to determine whether delivery volume and level of perinatal care were associated with overall preparedness or its indicators. Methods: We developed the 15‐point Hospital Neonatal Resuscitation Survey to examine institutional preparedness for neonatal resuscitation in 4 areas: policy and procedure, resuscitation team membership, continuing education, and connections with a wider system of perinatal care. All 58 rural hospitals with perinatal services in 2 upper Midwestern states (North Dakota and Minnesota) were asked to provide information describing preparedness for neonatal resuscitation. Nursing administrators responded to the survey. Findings: A total of 26 hospitals took part. Annual delivery volume ranged from 4 to 958. Preparedness scores ranged from 4 to 12. Hospitals with more than 125 deliveries each year reported significantly higher levels of preparedness than lower volume hospitals (9.50 vs 5.83, P < .001). Overall preparedness was not associated with level of perinatal care. Most rural hospitals did not identify a formal collaborative relationship with a regional level III perinatal center. Conclusions: Substantial variation in hospital preparedness for neonatal resuscitation was identified. Preparedness was associated with delivery volume. Lack of collaborative agreements between rural hospitals and level III perinatal centers was pervasive. Additional research into the measurement of hospital preparedness for neonatal resuscitation as a component of quality rural perinatal care is needed to optimize outcomes for rural‐born neonates.
The role of caveolin‐1 in cardiovascular regulation
Authors: Rahman A. , Swärd K. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCaveolae are omega‐shaped membrane invaginations present in essentially all cell types in the cardiovascular system, and numerous functions have been ascribed to these structures. Caveolae formation depends on caveolins, cholesterol and polymerase I and transcript release factor‐Cavin (PTRF‐Cavin). The current review summarizes and critically discusses the cardiovascular phenotypes reported in caveolin‐1‐deficient mice. Major changes in the structure and function of heart, lung and blood vessels have been documented, suggesting that caveolae play a critical role at the interface between blood and surrounding tissue. According to an emerging paradigm, many of these changes are secondary to uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Thus, nitric oxide synthase not only synthesizes more nitric oxide in the absence of caveolin‐1, but also more superoxide with potential pathogenic consequences. It is further argued that the vasodilating drive from increased nitric oxide production in caveolin‐1‐deficient mice is balanced by changes in the vascular media that favour increased dynamic resistance regulation. Harnessing the therapeutic opportunities buried in caveolae, while challenging, could expand the arsenal of treatment options in cancer, lung disease and atherosclerosis.
Calcific annuli in the aorta of a dog
Authors: DEAR M. G. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThis report describes a case with calcific annuli in the aorta, together with severe mitral insufficiency of the heart as well as myocarditis and bronchitis. Physical, radiographic, electrocardiographic, biochemical and haematological features are reported. The incidence of calcification of the cardiovascular system, the site and nature of the calcific lesion and haeniodynamic correlates with the combination of coarctation of the aorta and mitral insufficiency in man are discussed.Résumé. On rapporte un cas de calcifications annulaires de l'aorte, accompagnées d'insuffisance mitrale, de myocardite et de bronchite; on décrit les constatations d'ordre physique, radiologique, électrocardiographique, biochimique et hématologique. On discute la fréquence des calcifications du système cardiovasculaire, leur siège, leur nature, leurs implications hémodynamiques et les rapports qui existent entre elles et l'association du rétrécissement aortique et l'insuffisance mitrale dans l'espèce humaine.Zusammenfassung. Dieser Bericht beschreibt einen Fall von calcifizierten Annuli in der Aorta in Verbindung mit schwerer Mitralinsuffizienz des Herzens, Myocarditis und Bronchitis. Körperliche, röntgenologische, elektrokardiographische, biochemische und hämatologische Befunde werden angegeben. Korrelationen der Häufigkeit der Calcifizierung des cardiovasculären Systems, des Ortes und des Charakters dieser Läsion und der Blutdruckverhältnisse mit der Kombination von Aortenisthmusstenose und Mitralinsuffizienz beim Menschen werden besprochen.
Clinical and pathological aspects of cervical disc protrusion and primary tumours of the cervical spinal cord in the dog*
Authors: PALMER A. C. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTA short account is given of the pathological changes that occur in the spinal cord of the dog as a result of prolapsed intervertebral discs and this includes a description of pressure‐induced injury to local nerve roots. The clinical features are also described of five dogs suffering from primary tumours of the cervical spinal cord and an attempt is made to differentiate this condition clinically from cervical disc protrusion.Résumé. On rapporte brièvenicnt les modifications anatomo‐pathologiques obscrvées au nivcau de la moelle du chien à la suite du prolapsus du disclue intervertébral et on dérit les lésions des racines nerveuses intéressées, produites par la pression. Les aspects cliniques sont égalemcnt décrits; il s'agissait de cinq chiens attcints de tumeur primaire de la moelle cervicale ct on présente un essai de différenciation des signes permettant de faire le diagnostic différentiel entre cet état et la protrusion d'un disque cervical.Zusammenfassung. Es wird cin kurzer Bericht über die pathologischen Verändrrungen gegeben, die im Rückcnmark des Hundes als Folge eines Zwischenwirbelscheibenvorfalls eintreten, was eine Beschreibung der durch Druck verursachten Schädigungen örtlicher Nervenwurzeln einschliesst. Es werden auch die klinische Befunde hei fünf Hunden beschrieben, die an primären Tumoren des Cervicalmarks leiden, und es wird versucht, diescn Zustand klinisch von der Protrusio cervicaler Zwischenwirbelscheiben zu differenzieren.