bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Invasion in the Morichal-01 Reservoir, Jobo Field, Monagas State, Venezuela
Authors: Chedid R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The invasion of water in the reservoir Morichal-01, Campo Jobo in Monagas State Venezuela (Fig.1) has affected the production of oil and therefore has dropped the volume of remanent reserves in the area. The water front has advanced 37 feet into the reservoir but the water incursion has reached up to 170 feet. Considering the effective permeability and the dipping of strata, it is stated then the probable way of water for invasion. Of the seven sand bodies (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) that form the reservoir, three of the lower part (E, F, G) are mostly affected, the upper four are not.
Fig 1 Jobo Field Location Map
Light Oil Steamflooding: A Laboratory Study of Oil Recovery from Oil-Wet and Water-Wet Porous Media from a 2-D Physical Model
Authors: Olsen D. K. , Sarathi P. S. , Mahmood S. M. , Ramzel E. B. , Roark S. D. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Laboratory experiments were conducted in a two-dimensional (2-D) physical model to determine the effect of wettability on the light oil recovery by steam from previously waterflooded porous media of different wettabilities. The results show that light-oil steamfloods from oil-wet porous media (silylated sand) start at a higher waterflood residual oil saturation, respond faster to steam, and flood to the same residual oil saturation as water-wet porous media. Oil-wet reservoirs typically are poor waterflood candidates and produce at stripper well status but have a high waterflood residual oil saturation. These results indicate that light-oil steamflooding of oil-wet reservoirs can recover significant quantities of oil, whereas waterflooding oil-wet reservoirs can leave most of the oil in place.
Oil recoveries from steamfloods using oil and core material from two light-oil steamflooding pilot projects were compared with laboratory-prepared, oil-wet and water-wet sandpacks. These field cores of intermediate wettability show behavior between that of oil-wet silylated sand and strongly water-wet sand. Steamflooding changes the wettability of oil-wet porous media to a more water-wet state. A direct correlation exists between steam temperature, steam volume, and the degree of alteration of rock surface to a more water-wet condition.
Primary Results Of A Geological And Geophysical Reconnaissance Of The Jizan Coastal Plain In Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gillman Michel 
Published: December 2007

Gillman, Michel (Auxerap Jeddah)

Abstract
Geological and above all geophysical surveys, followed by the deep well of Mansiyah, have permitted a better knowledge of the structure of the coastal plain of Jizan stretching along the foot of the Asir high granitic or metamorphic mountains in the south western part of Saudi Arabia. This elongated plain belongs to the eastern edge of the Red Sea wide graben formed by tension and limited with a faulty, volcanic zone. It is only in the eastern limit of the Jizan Plan that the Secondary and Tertiary sedimentary series outcrop; that is to say, the Khums sandstone and the Hanifa limestone from the ante-Jurassic to Upper Jurassic time which were deposited on the southern margin of the Arabo-Nubian shield and were covered with the Upper Tertiary Baid formation in angular disconformity.
The Baid formation corresponds to the marginal deposits of the Red Sea graben, basinwards the Mansiyah well No. 1 penetrated a thick continental series, then a massive salt penetrated a thick continental series, then a massive salt sequence and finally marine clastic deposits.
Further Studies of the Relation of Physical Properties of Rock to Rock Drillability
Authors: Somerton W.H. , Esfandiari F. , Singhal A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In the present study, the work of Gstalder and Raynal on the correlation of physical properties of rocks with drilling performance properties of rocks with drilling performance has been extended and some new methods of measuring rock drillability have been proposed. Their conclusions that sonic velocity is a good indicator of rock drillability have been substantiated, provided a mineralogical factor is taken into account.
Rock drillability [ ], defined in the present work as the volume of rock drilled per present work as the volume of rock drilled per unit of energy input, has the same dimensions as Gstalder and Raynal's "Effritement Specifique" as obtained from a Schreiner hardness test. A good correlation is obtained between these two quantities but it is apparent that 6 to 34 times as much rock breakage occurs by penetration tests as by air drilling tests for the same expenditure of energy. The value of drillability [ ] varies with bit type and may be a good indicator of the most efficient bit type for a given rock.
Drilling strength., as defined earlier by Somerton, and drillability [ ] both correlate well with sonic velocity but both require a mineralogical factor. However, drilling strength shows a linear relation to triaxial strength, which is only slightly dependent on mineralogical character.
Triaxial elastic moduli values correlate well with rock drilling parameters. This is to be expected since the relations between elastic moduli and sonic velocity are well known. In fact the evidence all seems to indicate that a function of sonic velocity could be introduced into rock drilling equations to account for the rock strength term.
Introduction
Drilling Strength
In drilling performance equations one quantity that has been found difficult to evaluate is the resistance of the rock to drilling. Whether it be "drilling strength" as defined by Somerton, a variable strength exponent as used by Galle and Woods, or an intercept value on a drilling rate-bit weight plot as proposed by Bingham, this quantity plot as proposed by Bingham, this quantity cannot be evaluated by a single simple test.
Simon has proposed that drilling strength be defined by an impact loading test as the ratio of energy input to volume of rock broken.
New Methods for the Analysis of Closed-Chamber Tests
Authors: Xiao Jinjiang , Reynolds A. C. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTA closed chamber test (CCT) is characterized by a variable wellbore storage coefficient, whereas, in a slug test, the wellbore storage coefficient is assumed to be constant. It is shown that for ranges of parameters often encountered in practical cases, a large span of the CCT pressure data can be converted to equivalent slug test pressure data which can then be analyzed by several available slug test analysis techniques. In addition, we derive a new convolution method for analyzing buildup data obtained in a closed chamber drillstem test. We also present a method to analyze slug test data influenced by a step change in the wellbore storage coefficient due to a change in the well-string diameter.
The Effect of Oil Composition and Asphaltene Content on CO2 Displacement
Authors: Huang E. T. S. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A west Texas crude oil containing 5% asphaltenes had a slim tube MMP measured to be 2150 psig at 120°F. When a CO2 coreflood test was performed for this oil at 2500 psig under a tertiary mode, only about half of the waterflooded residual oil was recovered, which implied the displacement process to be immiscible. A series of tertiary CO2 coreflood tests have been conducted at 120°F and 2500 psig to attempt to understand this anomaly. These displacement tests were conducted using 4 foot Berea cores and two west Texas crude oils having different asphaltene contents. The results indicate that oil recovery efficiency decreases if the C5 to C19 fraction in the oil decreases- or the asphaltene content increases.
For the oil containing more than 5% asphaltenes, using the slim tube MMP as a criterion for evaluating a tertiary miscible CO2 flood process could be misleading. An alternate displacement evaluation method is suggested. The guidelines to determine the process applicability are (1) a strong oil bank followed by a plateau on the oil recovery curve, and (2) little change in the produced oil compositions during the first two thirds of the oil production period.
Qualifications of an Enhanced Oil Recovery Project Pursuant to the Texas Railroad Commission's Statewide Rule 50
Authors: Richter T. H. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) projects are an expanding technology. In an effort to provide an incentive to industry to create more EOR projects, the Railroad Commission recommended and endorsed new legislation, which would grant severance tax incentives to Railroad Commission approved EOR projects. The Legislature recognized the benefit EOR projects could be to the State of Texas and enacted amendments to the Texas Tax Code § 202.052 and added new section 202.054. This legislation gave the Railroad Commission the authority to implement Statewide Rule 50.
Statewide Rule 50, as originally adopted on September 1, 1989, provided a severance tax incentive to all oil produced from EOR projects which qualified as "new and distinct" and met the other requirements of the rule.
Statewide Rule 50 provides for a state severance tax rate decrease for an approved EOR project for 10 years, unless the project is sooner terminated, beginning the first day of the month following the date the Railroad Commission certifies that a positive production response has occurred.
EOR projects which may qualify include secondary recovery applications as well as tertiary recovery programs which includes alkaline flooding, carbon dioxide, cyclic steam, miscible and immiscible displacement processes, in-situ combustion, microemulsion, polymer augmented and steam drive projects.
It is necessary that industry understands the intent of the rule which governs those projects which qualify versus those projects which the Commission has determined do not qualify. Since September 1, 1989, several cases which were not administratively approved have been considered and acted upon by the Commission.
In the recent Legislative session, the Railroad Commission recommended amendments to Tax Code section 202.054 to specifically provide for expansions of existing EOR projects. The legislature amended the Tax Code effective September 1, 1991. On September 1, 1991, the Railroad Commission adopted emergency amendments to Statewide Rule 50 to implement these provisions.
Project expansions which previously did not qualify as "new and distinct" under the- original Rule 50 may qualify under the amendments and receive a severance tax exemption as to the incremental oil produced by the project.
This paper will assist industry in deciding under which section of the rule that their proposed EOR project may qualify.
Two- and Three-Phase Relative Permeability Studies at High-Capillary Numbers
Authors: Foulser R. W. S. , Goodyear S. G. , Sims R. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In surfactant flooding the form of the relative permeabilities at high capillary numbers has a crucial role in determining the transport of equilibrium phases through the reservoir. A conventional assumption is that a system which produces ultra-low interfacial tensions is close to miscibility, making the use of straight line relative permeabilities appropriate. In gas/oil systems this assumption may be justified, however, in surfactant systems it is unclear that the ultra-low interfacial tensions are associated in the same way with miscibility. There is little conclusive data in the literature to clarify this. This paper describes experimental work undertaken to complement the development of an alternative three phase relative permeability model for surfactant flooding based on the concept of droplet flow.
Two and three phase relative permeabilities have been determined for equilibrium phases from an optimal surfactant system. All relative permeabilities have been measured under steady state conditions and the pressure drop held constant to ensure that the relative permeabilities are determined at a constant capillary number, as defined within chemical flooding simulators. Initial measurements suggested that the relative permeabilities were linear functions of saturation. However, a careful investigation showed that these results arose from gravity segregation in the core endcaps. This was overcome using an improved endcap design and the relative permeabilities were then found to be a nonlinear function of saturation. In particular the micellar phase relative permeabilities were concave functions of saturation, in agreement with our model.
NMR Imaging for Water/Oil Displacement in Cores Under Viscous-Capillary Force Control
Authors: Enwere M. P. , Archer J. S. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
One-dimensional saturation distribution (saturation profile) and subsequently the saturation gradients in core floods were obtained directly from measurements using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. The core floods (water displacing oil in a water-wet Portland limestone core plug) were conducted at a very low flood rate, hence the saturation profile was influenced by the contribution of both viscous and capillary forces. The imbibition capillary pressure curve for the limestone rock was available and was used in conjunction with the measured saturation profile to quantify the capillary pressure gradients. This paper reports a successful approach to conducting and interpreting laboratory displacement tests at viscous-capillary force ratios typical of oil reservoirs.
This test demonstrated the NMR imaging technique as a useful complementary tool for laboratory study of water -oil displacement in cores. The practical contribution of this work is that it demonstrates the possibility of analysing laboratory core flood tests which yield information on both viscous and capillary forces, and hence the potential for scaling-up relative permeability data from laboratory tests to simulator-scale grid blocks using displacement force ratios.
Numerical Evaluation of CO2 Effects in Thermal Oil Recovery Processes
Authors: Latil M. J. , Le Thiez P. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Up-to-date relations for oil/water-CO2 thermodynamics have been implemented in SARIP 1, the IFP compositionnal thermal simulator.
Several field and laboratory cases of steam-CO2 injection and of in-situ combustion axe presented and discussed. In thermal processes, gaseous and oil-dissolved CO2 may improve the final oil recovery in thermal processes by only a few percent but significantly accelerate the oil recovery rate. CO2 dissolution in water, which is slightly detrimental, needs only to be taken into account at high water saturations.
Performance of an Up-Dip Injection Strategy in a Steeply Dipping Steamdrive
Authors: Zmick D. R. , Dennis E. L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to describe the evolution of a successful steamflood, and to discuss various operational parameters that have been recorded over time. Also described are the techniques that were employed to maintain the project's profitability as the flood became more mature and less efficient.
Section 2F (T.11N./R.24W.) is located in the southern end of the Midway Sunset Oil Field, near Maricopa, California. The reservoir is composed of 5 primary sand bodies (referred to as the A-E sands) delineated by interbedded, impermeable shales. A unique characteristic of this reservoir is that it dips at 53 degrees on average. The 14 degree API (.97 g/cm3)oil production has been accelerated in 3 of the 5 sands through thermally assisted gravity drainage.
In 2 of the 3- original target (E and D) sands, we are phasing out continuous updip injection due primarily to economics and project maturity. A number of operational parameters have been recorded from the project start up until the present. See table 1. For these 2 sands, the project has performed nearly as predicted in the- original scoping. The flood in the third (C) sand has been in operation for less than 1 year, and it therefore has little information available to report.
A Mathematical Model for Microbially Enhanced Oil Recovery Process
Authors: Zhang Xu , Knapp R. M. , Mclnerney M. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A three-phase, multiple-species, one-dimension model has been developed to simulate bacterial transport, growth, and metabolism processes involved in microbially enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) and to predict permeability modification that results from these microbial activities in porous media. Convection-dispersion equations and microbial kinetics are incorporated in the model system to characterize and quantify biomass production, product formation, and nutrient utilization in the MEOR process. Permeability modification is assumed to be due to both pore-surface retention and pore-throat plugging by bacterial cells.
The model has been applied to static (sand packs) and core-flooding (sandstone cores) experiments to describe microbial movement, metabolite production, and nutrient consumption during growth and metabolism and to estimate permeability reduction. Comparison between numerical solutions and experimental results indicated that the model does simulate the essential microbial kinetics of laboratory experiments and can be extended to provide numerical predictions for the purposes of design and evaluation of MEOR field projects.
Competitive Bidding Tactics for New Exploration Concessions
Authors: Hawley P. W. , Bramley A. D. , Castellani J-M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In some (mostly developing) countries, oil companies compete for new exploration agreements by bidding the key economic parameters. Companies are faced with a trade off between profitability of potential discoveries and probability of winning the bid.
We believe that an increasing number of companies are making generous offers in order to win bids, in the expectation of being able to renegotiate economic terms if they make a discovery. This tactic is hard to recognise and may have a good chance of success, due to the strength of the oil company's bargaining position upon discovery. However, the tactic damages the performance of the E&P industry in developing countries - for governments and companies alike.
The means of combating "tactical underbidding" rest largely with governments and national oil companies in making better contracts and taking a cautious approach to the evaluation of bids. Reputable companies can contribute to the process by emphasising that their bids are formulated in good faith and based on sound commercial considerations.
Exploration and Madness: Adjusting the Dual Strategy of an Independent for the 1990's
Authors: Byers D. G. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The paper discusses the context and factors which influenced the development of North Sea Independents, arguing that successful strategies combined exploration and corporate activity within a unifying business vision. The competitive pressures of the 1990's are leading Independents into global competition, demanding adjustments to strategy. Emphasis upon the competitive advantages of Independents and rigorous attention to "customer-values is advocated for success in the new decade.
Divestments: Evolution of a Business
Authors: Alexander R. C. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
BP Exploration has participated in many disposal transactions over the last few years. This paper seeks to provide some insights into how BP manages the process from asset selection to closing the deal.
Disposals have evolved from a tactical activity designed to eliminate non-core assets to a business in its own right. Today, almost every E&P company includes "portfolio management" in its strategy as companies have recognised this activity can add value relative to holding the portfolio constant. This notion of disposals as a stand alone business provides an interesting framework for analysis and it is in this context that disposals are discussed.
An Interactive 3D Visualization Tool for Reservoir Simulation Data, Including Fluid Flow and Particle Tracking
Authors: Williams B. K. , Brown R. L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The graphics workstation, with ever increasing power and decreasing cost, has provided the user community with a suitable platform for the investigation of reservoir simulation problems that are both CPU intensive and require more sophisticated methods of visualization.
Many commercially available visualization software systems provide a part of the functionality required by today's reservoir engineers, but none of those evaluated offered a seamless, advanced functionality environment with intuitive and ergonomic human-machine interface.
The decision was therefore taken to create a system for the preparation and visualization of reservoir simulation data on a graphics workstation, in particular, fluid flow and particle tracking data, using a high level graphical language which takes advantage of advanced hardware capability.
The requirements identified as necessary to provide the visualization support to practicing reservoir simulation engineers are described.
The package was developed as two separate tools, one for data preparation, the other for visualization. The method of data preparation for the fluid flow and particle tracking is described. The choice of programming language, graphics library and workstation platform is then presented, followed by the development and functionality of the visualization tool. Finally, examples of the use of the system in real field development studies are given.
RESVIEW: A Practical 3-D Tool for Reservoir Engineers
Authors: Kjørholt Odd 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper describes a three dimensional (3-D) graphical system that is used as a pre- and post-processor in connection with reservoir simulation. The system is able to make 3-D presentations of reservoir simulation input and output data together with information from mapping packages. In addition, the simulation grid geometry may be modified interactively.
The main aim of the system is to improve quality assurance (QA) on simulation input and output data, and to help engineers get a better understanding of the 3-D geometry, property relationships, and fluid flows.
SPIS: A Production Profile Integration System
Authors: Kjørholt Odd , Aadland Atle 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper describes a computer system (SPIS) that is able to integrate results from different reservoir simulation models into a common production profile. Also, production data from sub-areas which have not been simulated, may be included. In the integration process it is possible to set restrictions and requirements on production from different sub-areas.
This paper explains the SPIS philosophy, the user interface and gives an example of application to a large North Sea field.
Reservoir Characterization and Modelling Supported by Expert Knowledge Systems
Authors: Surguchev L. M. , Zolotukhin A. B. , Bratvold R. B. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDecisions conserning development and depletion of petroleum reservoirs must be made under uncertainty in the decision supporting information. The incomplete knowledge of the reservoir charactistics contributes significantly to this uncertainty. In addition, and this is particularly true for improved oil recovery (IOR) projects, the uncertainty in the operational environment makes hard to confirm and substantiate research efforts.To address these issues a multicriterion model is introduced. The model is coupled with a reservoir simulator and is used to estimate the applicability and efficiency of various field development strategies.The multicriterion model used here applies the methods of interval theory and fuzzy set logic. It permits the integration of geophysical data, the potential efficiency of various IOR methods and other resource requirements. A pre-modelling multicriterion analysis is used to optimize field scale reservoir simulations for IOR methods. Particular field case scenarios show how the reservoir description information and IOR experience and knowledge can be used for decision making support. This work demonstrates that a first-order screening decision making system combined with a field scale reservoir model can be used to further optimize the recovery while reducing the costs and uncertainty in the decision making.