bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Help‐seeking by older husbands caring for wives with dementia
Authors: Brown Janet Witucki , Chen Shu‐li , Mitchell Carolyn , Province Amy 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTitle.  Help‐seeking by older husbands caring for wives with dementia Aim.  This paper reports a study to gain understanding of the help‐seeking process of older husbands caring for wives with dementia.Background.  Men comprise 41% of spousal caregivers. However, few reports describe older husbands’ caregiving experiences and none specifically explore help‐seeking in men caring for wives with dementia.Method.  A grounded theory design was used to discover a theory of help‐seeking by older caregiver husbands. Audiotaped interviews were conducted during 2004 and 2005 with nine husband participants. The interviews were analysed by a research group to discover the core category and the relationships of related categories to develop a theory of help‐seeking that was grounded in the data. Margaret Newman's theory of Health as Expanding Conscious provided a theoretical perspective for interpretation of the findings.Findings.  The core category, ‘Doing the best I can’, was preceded by the antecedent of ‘changing patterns’. Husbands made choices to use action/interaction strategies of ‘Relinquishing’, ‘Reaching out’ and ‘Shouldering’ which were influenced by a variety of internal, relational, situational, and experiential facilitating or hindering intervening conditions. The consequence of help‐seeking process was ‘Continuing on’, which had categories of: ‘Keeping at home’, ‘Staying together’, and ‘Taking care of myself’.Conclusion.  Help‐seeking by older husband caregivers is complex and gender‐specific. Interventions to assist these caregivers must also be gender‐specific and complement already existing help‐seeking patterns. Focusing on helping caregivers to discover their patterns of relating and help‐seeking empowers them to find new ways of interacting and to discover possibilities for action.
Ecological and individual predictors of birthweight in a northern Finland birth cohort 1986
Authors: Järvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Elliott Paul , Kleinschmidt Immo , Martuzzi Marco , Grundy Chris , Hartikainen Anna‐Liisa , Rantakallio Paula 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThis multilevel study of spatial variability in, and determinants of, birthweight was conducted using individual and ecological data in a geographically defined prospective birth cohort for 1986 in northern Finland. The study area comprises three large areas defined by latitude: Northern Lapland (NL), Southern Lapland (SL) and Oulu province (OP), comprising 74 localities with a total study population of 9216 singleton births. The mean birthweight was 3482 g for NL, 3537 g for SL and 3587 g for OP (NL vs. OP and SL vs. OP: P < 0.05). The crude rate for stillbirths was highest in NL. The women in the northernmost area were socially less privileged and the localities less prosperous compared with those in the southernmost area. Significant spatial clustering of mean birth‐weights was found (P= 0.0016), with highest birthweight in the southwestern part of the study area. A variable expressing the wealth of each locality, the financial capacity category (FCC), had its lowest mean value in NL, with a range of one to six for the localities studied here.A multilevel multiple regression model showed that, after allowing for sex, gestational age, mother's age, height and hypertensive disorders, parity, body mass index, previous low birthweight child and smoking as individual determinants of birthweight, part of the residual variation could be explained by the locality wealth parameter. Using the multilevel model, the differences in mean birthweight across the three latitude areas persisted but were reduced (difference OP vs. NL reduced from 105g to 86.5g). The relationship between birthweight and FCC was inverse U‐shaped with the highest mean birthweight estimated for localities occurring in the middle of the range (FCC = 3). The wealthiest urban localities (FCC = 6) and the most deprived localities (FCC = 1) both had a predicted birthweight about 60g below the maximum at FCC = 3, if all other factors were held constant. This result, taken together with the spatial clustering of birthweights, suggests that there may be important social and environmental determinants of birthweight that have yet to be identified.
Expression levels of barley Cbf genes at the Frost resistance‐H2 locus are dependent upon alleles at Fr‐H1 and Fr‐H2
Authors: Stockinger Eric J. , Skinner Jeffrey S. , Gardner Kip G. , Francia Enrico , Pecchioni Nicola 
Published: July 2007

SummaryGenetic analyses have identified two loci in wheat and barley that mediate the capacity to overwinter in temperate climates. One locus co‐segregates with VRN‐1, which affects the vernalization requirement. This locus is known as Frost resistance‐1 (Fr‐1). The second locus, Fr‐2, is coincident with a cluster of more than 12 Cbf genes. Cbf homologs in Arabidopsis thaliana play a key regulatory role in cold acclimatization and the acquisition of freezing tolerance. Here we report that the Hordeum vulgare (barley) locus VRN‐H1/Fr‐H1 affects expression of multiple barley Cbf genes at Fr‐H2. RNA blot analyses, conducted on a ‘Nure’×‘Tremois’ barley mapping population segregating for VRN‐H1/Fr‐H1 and Fr‐H2, revealed that transcript levels of all cold‐induced Cbf genes at Fr‐H2 were significantly higher in recombinants harboring the vrn‐H1 winter allele than in recombinants harboring the Vrn‐H1 spring allele. Steady‐state Cbf2 and Cbf4 levels were also significantly higher in recombinants harboring the Nure allele at Fr‐H2. Additional experiments indicated that, in vrn‐H1 genotypes requiring vernalization, Cbf expression levels were dampened after plants were vernalized, and dampened Cbf expression was accompanied by robust expression of Vrn‐1. Cbf levels were also significantly higher in plants grown under short days than under long days. Experiments in wheat and rye indicated that similar regulatory mechanisms occurred in these plants. These results suggest that VRN‐H1/Fr‐H1 acts in part to repress or attenuate expression of the Cbf at Fr‐H2; and that the greater level of low temperature tolerance attributable to the Nure Fr‐H2 allele may be due to the greater accumulation of Cbf2 and Cbf4 transcripts during normal growth and development.
Expression of the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 gene in the adaxial domain of Arabidopsis leaves represses cell proliferation in this domain and is critical for the development of properly expanded leaves
Authors: Iwakawa Hidekazu , Iwasaki Mayumi , Kojima Shoko , Ueno Yoshihisa , Soma Teppei , Tanaka Hirokazu , Semiarti Endang , Machida Yasunori , Machida Chiyoko 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) gene, a member of the AS2/LOB gene family, and the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana participate in the development of a symmetrical, expanded lamina. We report here the patterns of expression of these genes, and the importance of the sites of such expression in leaf development. Transcripts of both genes accumulated in the entire leaf primordia at early stages, but the patterns of accumulation changed as the leaves expanded. AS2 and AS1 transcripts were detected, respectively, in the adaxial domain and in the inner domain between the adaxial and abaxial domains of leaves. The ratios of numbers of adaxial cells to abaxial cells in cotyledons of corresponding mutant lines were greater than the ratios in wild‐type cotyledons. The low levels of ectopic expression of AS2 under the control of the AS1 promoter in as2 mutant plants restored an almost normal phenotype in some cases, but also resulted in flatter leaves than those of wild‐type plants. Strong expression of the construct in wild‐type and as2 plants, but not as1 plants, resulted in the formation of narrow, upwardly curled leaves. Our results indicate that AS2 represses cell proliferation in the adaxial domain in the presence of AS1, and that adaxial expression of AS2 at an appropriate level is critical for the development of a symmetrical, expanded lamina. Real‐time RT‐PCR analysis revealed that mutation of either AS2 or AS1 resulted in an increase in the levels of transcripts of ETTIN (ETT; also known as AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3, ARF3) and KANADI2 (KAN2), which are abaxial determinants, and YABBY5 (YAB5). Thus, AS2 and AS1 might negatively regulate the expression of these genes in the adaxial domain, which might be related to the development of flat and expanded leaves.
The role of two LEAFY paralogs from Idahoa scapigera (Brassicaceae) in the evolution of a derived plant architecture
Authors: Sliwinski Marek K. , Bosch Justin A. , Yoon Ho‐Sung , Balthazar Maria von , Baum David A. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryIdahoa scapigera produces solitary flowers in the axils of rosette leaves without elongation of the shoot axis, a rosette‐flowering architecture. Previous work with one of the two I. scapigera LFY paralogs, IscLFY1, showed that this gene caused aerial flowering rosettes in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this paper, we report that after three generations IscLFY1 transgenic lines are phenotypically indistinguishable from wild‐type Arabidopsis, indicating that IscLFY1 protein is able to replace normal LFY function. Additionally, we found that ectopic LFY expression late in development can phenocopy aspects of the aerial rosette phenotype, suggesting that shoot compression caused by IscLFY1 could be caused by localized overexpression of a functional IscLFY protein. We also characterized the expression and function of the second I. scapigera LFY paralog, IscLFY2, in A. thaliana. In contrast to IscLFY1, this paralog was expressed in floral meristems and the shoot apical meristem (SAM). In I. scapigera, LFY‐specific antibodies detected high protein levels in developing flowers but not in the apex, suggesting trans‐regulatory differences between I. scapigera and A. thaliana. Most IscLFY2 transgenic A. thaliana plants were indistinguishable from wild type, but in a minority of lines the SAM was converted to a terminal flower as would be expected from the reporter‐expression pattern. Taken together these results show that both I. scapigera paralogs have conserved LFY function, both proteins can rescue lfy and both can modify inflorescence architecture in an A. thaliana background: either by affecting internode elongation (IscLFY1) or by causing homeotic conversion of shoots into flowers (IscLFY2).
Catheter‐directed therapy for DVT after pancreas transplantation
Authors: Mahanty Harish D , Posselt Andrew M , Lipshutz Gerald S , Schneider Darren B , Freise Chris E 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: Introduction: Iliac vein deep venous thrombosis (DVT) ipsilateral to the pancreas transplant can lead to severe leg edema and compromise graft function. Treatment modalities for iliac vein DVT in the pancreas transplant recipient are limited.Methods: Medical records of patients receiving pancreas transplants at a single center from November 1989 to July 2003 were reviewed retrospectively, identifying patients with iliac vein DVT. There were 287 pancreas transplants performed during this time. Pancreas transplantation in all recipients was performed in the right iliac fossa with the arterial supply consisting of a donor iliac artery Y interposition graft. Systemic venous drainage was to the iliac vein. Exocrine drainage was enteric or to the bladder.Results: Four (1.4%) cases of iliac DVT were identified. All patients manifested lower extremity edema ipsilateral to the pancreas transplant. DVT was detected by ultrasound on days 4, 5, 13, and 60 post‐transplant. In all cases, the iliac vein caudad to the pancreatic venous anastomosis was noted to be stenotic. Management involved balloon dilatation and endovascular stent placement in one patient, thrombolysis with tissue plasma antigen (t‐PA) followed by stent placement in one patient, and percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy in two patients. All patients had improvement in leg edema and two patients continue to have good pancreatic allograft function.Conclusions: Iliac DVT is a rare complication of pancreas transplantation that usually develops in an area of stenosis caudad to the pancreatic venous anastomosis. Catheter‐based treatment modalities with use of endovascular stents for treatment of underlying stenoses can serve as an adjunct in treating these complications.
Rotavirus enteritis in solid organ transplant recipients: an underestimated problem?
Authors: Stelzmueller I. , Wiesmayr S. , Swenson B.R. , Biebl M. , Goegele H. , Margreiter R. , Bonatti H. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: Background. Diarrhea in solid organ transplantation can be a complication with a high morbidity and mortality. Rotavirus (RV) infection normally occurs in children up to 3 years of age and often presents with severe diarrhea; however, it can also affect adults. We investigated the prevalence and outcome of RV infections in both adult and pediatric patients after solid organ transplantation.Patients and methods. Retrospective analysis of RV‐related enteritis in solid organ transplant recipients with a minimum of a 1‐year follow‐up from a single center between 2000 and 2004.Results. Within our cohort of 1303 solid organ transplants, RV infection was observed in 19 patients (1.5%); 14 of these were liver recipients. Infection was most prevalent among pediatric liver recipients, with 52% (11/21) of the children affected. Five adults acquired the infection during their initial hospitalization. Two adult patients had to be readmitted following late‐onset RV infection. In all cases, infection was self‐limiting, but led to prolonged hospitalization because of significant loss of fluids and electrolytes.Conclusions. RV enteritis is a common infection in pediatric solid organ recipients but may also affect adult patients.
The Interplexiform Cell in the Chameleon Retina
Authors: Quesada A. , Genis‐Galvez J. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA microscopic study of the retina of the adult chameleon has been carried out, following the Golgi staining method as modified by Colonnier.As a result of the observations made a cell stock is described, which has been identified on the basis of its characteristics as an Interplexiform Cell, and two different types of this cell are described.
The Cartilages of the Larynx of the One‐humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius) and Sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Saber A. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe cartilages of the larynx of Camelus dromedarius and of Ovis aries were studied in detail. Description and diagrammes are based upon material from 12 camels and 6 sheep of different ages and sexes. A comparison with other domestic animals was done and the results were expressed in 12 figures.
Numerical Vertebral Variations and Transitional Vertebrae in the Goat
Authors: Simoens P. , Vos N. R. de , Lauwers H. , Nicaise M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study of 185 vertebral columns of male and female goats describes the gross variation in numbers of segmental vertebrae and the occurrence of a variety of transitional vertebrae. The variations in number and gross anatomical organization of transitional vertebrae are discussed and a hypothesis presented to explain their occurrence.
Puentes intercelulares entre las células sexuales en el testículo de toro*
Authors: Kleiss Por Ch. , Liebich H.‐G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn electronmicroscopic study of the seminiferous epithelium of the bovine is described Particular attention is given to the presence of intercellular bridges between development cells. These bridges are described, and a hypothesis is formulated regarding their probable role in the synchrony of cellular development in meiosis
Kinematics of the Reciprocal Apparatus in the Horse
Authors: Molenaar B. J. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract In vivo and in vitro studies concerning the anatomy and the function of the reciprocal apparatus in the horse are described. It appears that the movements of the stifle and hock joints are not fully congruous in spite of their being coupled by this reciprocal apparatus. Anatomical peculiarities are discussed which prevent the hindlimb from being blocked
The Central Representation Area of the Radial Nerve in the Goat, Studied by the Axon Reaction
Authors: van Ham L. , Weyns A. , Krediet P. , van Mol K. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe central representation area of the radial nerve has been investigated in the goat, using the axon reaction. The retrograde changes after a two or six weeks survival time have been used to study both its position and architecture. Reconstuctions have been made using a computer assisted approach.In the goat the central representation area of the radial nerve is situated in the dorsolateral part of the lateral motoneuronal cell group, extending from caudal C6 to caudal T1. It begins very small in C6, enlarges through C7, reaches its maximal diameter in C8, from where it gradually decreases to end in caudal T1.The contribution of the C6 segment to the central representation area of the radial nerve in the goat is in agreement with findings in some other species but it contrasts with the macroscopic origin of the radial nerve in ruminants.It is suggested that this finding, together with the statistically significant reduction in the number of alpha motoneuros at the C6 level in calves affected with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC) in the forelimbs, may prove an at least partial involvement of the radial nerve in the pathogenesis of this disease, which is also suggested by clinical symptoms.
Carbonic Anhydrase III in the Salivary Glands and Kidney of the Japanes Monkey (Macaca fuscata)
Authors: Nishita T. , Oshige H. , Kano Y. , Asari M. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryCarbonic anhydrase III (CA‐III) was found in muscles of the Japanese monkey by the double immunodiffusion test and western blotting using antiserum raised against equine CA‐III. Immunocytochemical localization of CA‐III in the salivary glands and kidney of the monkey was studied using an avidin‐biotinylated glucose oxidase complex. CA‐III was found mainly in the striated duct and interlobular duct cells of the parotid glands. In the submandibular glands, striated duct, interlobular duct, and excretory duct cells were strongly stained for CA‐III. In the kidney of the monkey, CA‐III was localized mainly in the dark cells of the collecting duct at the medulla and in the epithelial cells of thick limb of Henle's loop.
Sur La Structure de la Syrinx ches le Canard (Anas platyrhinchos)
Authors: Scala G. , Corona M. , Pelagalli G. V. 
Published: July 2007

Summary The ultrastructure of the syrinx in the duck (Anas Platyrhinchos)The morphological and structural aspects of the Membrana tympaniformis medialis of the syrinx were studied with L. M. and E. M. in 32 female and male Peking ducks from 6 to 12 months old. The membrane is covered by pseudostratified prismatic epithelium which shows different regional features. While at level of the proximal and distal third of the tympanic membrane the morphological and structural aspects of the cells resemble that of the adjacent structures (pessulus and primary bronchi), the middle part of the epithelium layer becomes gradually flattered; the epithelium is made up of oblique or horizontal cells which touch each other by means of many lateral interdigitations. At level of the upper parts of the cells there are several types of cell junctions. This particular disposition seem to be well adapted to the constractions of the syringeal muscles.
A Rapid and Reliable Sequential Staining Method for Bovine Muscle
Authors: Troyer D. L. , Oyster R. A. , Leipold H. W. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryVarious different combinations of histochemical stains at differing pH levels on single sections of bovine skeletal muscle were evaluated. The staining sequence that was the most consistent and reliable of those studied included an initial NADH‐TR (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidetetrazolium reductase) followed by an acid ATPase stain at pH 4.15. This staining combination resulted in easily discernable type I, II A, and II myofibers. Thus, a marked saving of expended time, labor and materials was realized.
Neuroendocrine (NE) Cells in Rat Neonatal Lungs. A Histochemical and Immunocytochemical Study
Authors: Gomez‐Pascual A. , Martin‐Lacave I. , Moreno A. M. , Fernandez A. , Galera H. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryA study has been carried out to determine the presence of NE cells in the newborn rat lung. The localization of these cell was achieved by an argyrophil method. Both single NE and NEB, were found. Immunoperoxidase techniques were performed to determine NSE, serotonin and calcitonin production in these NE formations.
Die Synovialeinrichtungen des M. fibularis longus bei Katze, Hund, Schwein, Rind, Schaf und Ziege
Authors: Macher R. 
Published: July 2007

Summary The synovial structures of the M. fibularis longus in the cat, dog, pig, ox, sheep and goat The synovial structures of the M. fibularis longus were studied by dissection on 23 cat, 28 dog, 20 pig, 17 ox, 15 sheep and 17 goat limbs. Five injections with Technovit into the tarsometatarsal joint were made for each species. The dog had two tendon sheaths while all other species had only one lateral one. The mesotendon approached the tendon from the medial aspect and was fenestrated in the dog (here only in the proximal segment), pig, sheep, and goat, but in the cat and ox the fenestration was inconstant. In the area of the lateral malleolus the lateral tendon sheath narrowed (in the dog only in the proximal segment). The synovial structures on the plantar aspect in the cat, dog, pig, and sheep were formed by a recess of the tarsometatarsal joint; while in the ox and goat they formed a tendon sheath that took its origin from the same joint. The plantar recess surrounded the tendon three quarters of the way in the dog, and in cat, pig, and sheep only half way. Nomenclatorial consequences for the NAV are discussed.
Muscle Fibre Morphometry in Three Dog Muscles of Different Functional Purpose in Different Breeds
Authors: Agüera E. , Diz A. , Vazquez‐Auton J. M. , Vivo J. , Monterde J. G. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryFollowing a study of fibre population fibre size was determined in three muscles of different functional purpose in four breeds of dog with different locomotory capacities. Samples were taken from specific sites in the tibialis cranialis (extensor), flexor digitalis medialis (flexor) and pectineus (adductor) muscles of 27 dogs of four different breeds—German shepherd, Spanish greyhound, Spanish mastiff and Iberian hound—. Samples were subjected to histochemical analysis using ATPase (pH 9.4) and fibre size was assessed using an IBAS‐2 Kontron image analyser.