bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE OCCURRENCE AND ORIGIN OF DDT IN HUMAN MILK
Authors: VUORI ERKKI , TYLLINEN HILKKA , KUITUNEN PEKKA , PAGANUS AILA 
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Gas chromatography has been applied for the analysis of organochlorine compounds of 49 samples of human milk. The average total DDT (2,2‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)1,1,1‐trichloroethane) content in human milk was found to be 0.058 mg/kg, ranging from 0.017‐0.17 mg/kg (1.57 mg/kg milk fat, with a range of 0.50‐4.00 mg/kg). Thirty‐four cases contained traces of dieldrin, but the content of dieldrin reached 0.008 mg/kg in only one milk sample. The average content of PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) was 0.024 mg/kg of human milk, with a range of 0.011‐0.054 mg/kg (0.65 mg/kg of milk fat with a range of 0.33‐1.10 mg/kg). The ratio of DDT metabolites/DDT varied from 1.1 to 7.8 (mean 2.8). Studies were also made of the effect of the weight, weight loss, diet, smoking habits and parity of the nursing mother upon the content of organochlorine compounds in human milk. A significant positive correlation was observed between the DDT content of human milk fat and cigarette smoking.The average daily intake of total DDT for Finnish breastfed babies was calculated to be 0.0093 mg/kg, 1.9 times more than the daily intake of 0.005 mg/kg indicated by FAO/WHO as the acceptable value.
EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS L‐ALANINE ADMINISTRATION ON PLASMA GLUCOSE, INSULIN AND GLUCAGON, BLOOD PYRUVATE, LACTATE AND BETA‐HYDROXYBUTYRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN NEWBORN INFANTS Study in Term and Preterm Newborn Infants
Authors: SANN L. , RUITTON A. , MATHIEU M. , BOURGEOIS J. , GENOUD J. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Ten term and eleven preterm newborn infants with appropriate weights for their gestational age were infused for one minute with L‐alanine (150 mg/kg) at the age of 29 to 76 hours (mean 48 hours) and circulating levels of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, d‐betahydroxybutyrate (d‐BOHB), insulin and glucagon were monitored. Plasma glucose concentrations increased from 2.7±0.16 (mean±S.E.M.) to 3.7±0.2 mmol/1 after 50 min (p±0.01) in term infants. In preterm infants, after an initial decrease of the glucose level from 3.1±0.16 to 2.6±0.16 mmol/1 (p±0.05), it returned to the baseline level at 50 min: 3.0±0.2 mmol/1. The blood concentration of d‐BOHB decreased in term infants from 192±37 to 112±6 μM/1 (p±0.01) after 40 min. In preterms, its decrease was not significant (p±0.05). Plasma glucagon levels rose from 53±5 to 70±8 pmol/1 after ten minutes (p±0.01) in term infants and from 61±6 to 75±9 after 20 min (p±0.01) in preterm infants. There were no significant changes in plasma insulin concentrations in either group. Forty minutes after l‐alanine infusion, I/G ratios were lower in preterm infants (1.26±0.14) than in term infants (1.71±0.25) (p±0.01). There was no relationship between the glycemic responses to l‐alanine and the basal levels of d‐BOHB.The data suggest that the glycemic effect of l‐alanine infusion and circulating glucagon depends upon a specific stage in maturation. The antiketogenic effect of l‐alanine infusion is observed in term infants as in adults.
EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON INSULIN RECEPTORS ON ERYTHROCYTES AND MONOCYTES FROM INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETICS
Authors: PEDERSEN OLUF , BECK‐NIELSEN HENNING , SØRENSEN NIELS SCHWARTZ , HEDING LISE 
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Physical exercise is known to improve glucose tolerance and diminish insulin requirements in well treated patients with diabetes mellitus. To ascertain whether these effects of exercise are associated with alterations of insulin receptors, we studied 125I‐in‐sulin binding to erythrocytes and monocytes in young, male, insulin treated patients during postprandial bicycle exercise for three hours (nine patients) and during fasting bicycle exercise for two hours (eight patients). Compared to a control period postprandial exercise induced a relative rise in insulin binding to erythrocytes (p<0.01) and monocytes (p<0.01) at insulin tracer concentration (34 pmol per liter). Fasting exercise, as well, caused an absolute increase of insulin binding to erythrocytes (p<0.05) and monocytes (p<0.02) at insulin tracer concentration. No significant relationships were found between changes in plasma concentrations of hormones and metabolites (insulin, cortisol, glucagon, glucose, FFA, ketone bodies and lactate) and cellular insulin binding, respectively.In the entire study a significantly positive correlation was shown between insulin receptors on monocytes and insulin receptors on erythrocytes (r=0.60, p<0.001).We conclude that acute exercise causes a significant rise in insulin binding to erythrocytes and monocytes from insulin dependent diabetics. It is suggested that similar changes may occur in working muscle cells contributing to the improved glucose tolerance induced by exercise.
AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC BACTERIOLOGY OF PERITONSILLAR ABSCESS IN CHILDREN
Authors: BROOK I. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTBrook I. (Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Children's Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA). Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of peritonsillar abscess in children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 831, 1981.‐Aspiration of peritonsillar abscess (quinsy) was aseptically performed in 16 children. Patients' median age was 10 years (range 6 to 17 years), and 12 were males. Unilateral abscess was present in all but one child. All aspirates were cultured for aerobes and anaerobes and yielded bacterial growth in all patients. Anaerobes were isolated in all patients; in 3 patients (19 %), they were the only organism isolated, and in 13 (81 %), they were mixed with aerobes. There were 91 anaerobic isolates (5.7 per specimen): 42 Bacteroides sp. (including 23 B. melaninogenicus, 5 B. oralis and 4 B. ruminicola ss. brevis); 18 anaerobic Gram‐positive cocci (including 10 Peptostreptoc‐cus sp., 4 Peptococcus sp. and 4 microaerophilic streptococci); 15 Fusobacterium sp.; and 3 Clostridium sp. There were 32 aerobic isolates (2.0 per specimen): 11 /‐hemolytic streptococci, 8 α‐hemolytic streptococci, 4 Group A β‐hemolytic streptococci, 4 Haemophilus sp. and 3 S. aureus. β‐lactamase production was noted in 13 isolates recovered from 11 patients (68 %). These were all isolates of S. aureus (3), 8 of 23 B. melaninogenicus (35 %), and 2 of 5 B. oralis (40 %). Our findings indicate the major role of anaerobic organisms in the polymicrobial etiology of peritonsillar abscesses in children, and demonstrate the presence of many β‐lactamase‐producing organisms in two thirds of the patients.
HYPOCALCEMIA IN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS
Authors: SALLE B. , DAVID L. , GLORIEUX F. , DELVIN E. E. , LOUIS J. J. , TRONCY G. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Twenty‐two infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) were studied and were divided into two groups: a first group of 14 IDM did not receive vitamin D3 and was studied at birth and at 2, 24, 48 and 120 hours; a second group was given daily dosage of 60 μg of vitamin D3 from 3 hours to 120 hours and was studied at 2 hours and 120 hours.In the first group, serum calcium levels decreased markedly during the first 24 hours of life (mean ± SD: 1.77±0.3 mmol/1, p<0.01) and remained low at 5 days. Serum phosphorus levels remained normal but serum magnesium levels decreased significantly at 24 hours (mean ± SD: 0.64±0.108 mmol/1, p<0.01) and returned to normal at 5 days. Serum immunoreactive parathormone levels increased consistently to high levels at 24 hours and remained elevated at 120 hours (p<0.001). Serum immunoreactive calcitonin levels increased at 24 hours (p<0.001) and decreased at 120 hours to low or undetectable values in all infants.In group II, serum 25O‐HD levels and 1.25 OH2 D levels increased significantly (p<0.001) respectively to 27.2±2.7 ng/ml and 114±20 pg/ml at 5 days. The results of this study show hypocalcemia to be a common event in IDM during the first days of life and furthermore hypophosphatemia, hypoparathyroidism, hypomagnesemia or defect of vitamine D metabolism would not seem to be the main etiological factors.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF HYPOSPADIAS IN SWEDEN
Authors: KÄLLÉN BENGT , WINBERG JAN 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTThe prevalence at birth of hypospadias started to increase in the beginning of the 1970s, as judged from the registration in the Swedish Register of Congenital Malformations. Further studies supported the notion that the increase was real and not due to registration artifacts. A study of the geographical distribution showed an uneven distribution in the country. Three case‐control studies with different design were performed in order to find an aeti‐ological factor which could explain the observations. None was found. No support could be obtained for a role of gestagens in the aetiology of hypospadias. A hypothesis is presented based on an observation of a possibly increased infertility—possibly male—in the couples who had a boy with hypospadias. The possible implications of this finding for aetiological studies are discussed in the light of current literature. Based on a possible male subfertility, a hypothesis is presented which could explain the noticed increase in prevalence of hypospadias in the early seventies.The hypospadiac infants were analysed from various points of view. There were signs of a generally disturbed fetal development. Thus a shorter than normal gestational age with a component of growth failure was found. There was a statistically significant association, not only with other genital malformations such as retentio testis, but also with congenital heart disease, cleft lip/palate, anal atresia, and neural tube defects. The analysis indicates that this association was not random, but possibly indicates common teratogenic pathways.
TWO EPIDEMICS OF WHOOPING COUGH IN FINLAND 1976–1977; age and vaccination of the patients, DPT vaccination rate in children in the epidemic areas, home exposure attack rates and symptomless bacteria carriers.
Authors: Riitta Huovila 
Published: January 2008

During a whooping cough epidemic in the region of Alavus and Töysä in 1976–1977 Bordetella pertussis strains were isolated from 51/121 (42%) patients showing symptoms of respiratory tract infection. Of these patients, 49 were children and two were adults. Among the children 42/49 (86%) were of school‐age. Vaccination was incomplete in 46 children. Of the children in this region 2.1% were unvaccinated. Basic DPT vaccination was incomplete in 6.2% and booster vaccination was lacking in 73.7% of children±4 years of age.In 1977, 40/71(56%) of the suspected whooping cough patients in Soukka were found to be culture‐positive. Thirty patients were children and 10 were parents of these. 20/30 (66.7%) children were incompletely and 10/30(33.3%) completely vaccinated. The children given complete basic vaccination fell ill one year, those given also booster vaccination 2–3 years after the last injection. Of the children in Soukka 0.7% were unvaccinated. Basic DPT vaccination was incomplete in 2.9% and DPT booster vaccination was lacking in 38.8% of children±3 years of age. Among those exposed in the home 16/58(28%) children and 80/102(78%) adults remained healthy. Two children and two adults were symptomless bacteria carriers.Whooping cough in children of pre‐school age is accounted for by lack of DPT booster vaccination. In addition, the pertussis vaccine used before 1976 gave protection of short duration against whooping cough.
THE EFFECT OF EARLY ERYTHROMYCIN TREATMENT ON THE INFECTIOUSNESS OF WHOOPING COUGH PATIENTS.
Authors: Riitta Huovila 
Published: January 2008

The effect of early erythromycin treatment was studied in 63 whooping cough patients. They were all culture‐positive in the catarrhal stage and/or two weeks or less after the onset of coughing. 28 patients were treated with eryhtromycin for 7–10 days: children with a dose of 40 mg/kg/day and adults with 1g/day. 35 patients received no antibiotics. 152 Bordetella pertussis cultures were obtained from the untreated patients and 70 from the patients treated with eryhtromycin.The erythromycin‐treated patients were culture‐negative on average 1‐2 weeks earlier than the untreated patients. Of the patients treated with erythromycin, 6/28 (21%) were still culture‐positive after treatment. This study shows that erythromycin treatment may reduce the period during which patients are infectious and that the treatment should be started two weeks from the onset of coughing, or preferably earlier.
FOOD AND IMMUNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: HANSON L. Å. , CARLSSON B. , FÄLLSTRÖM S. P. , MELLANDER L. , PORRAS O. , SÖDERSTRÖM T. 
Published: January 2008

The infant's host defence is deficient in IgA for mucosal protection and also in LgG2 for protection against encapsulated bacteria. The baby is provided with about one gram a day of milk secretory IgA antibodies against most intestinal microorganisms and also food proteins. These milk antibodies together with a number of other defence factors in the milk protect the baby against gastrointestinal and respiratory infections. Maternal undernutritioin does not necessarily diminish the milk IgA concentration or 24 hour output. The infant seems to be low in secretory IgA antibodies for several months as studied in saliva. It is of great importance to protect mucosal membranes especially the intestinal mucosa, so that its nutrient uptake is not disturbed. Infections in infancy especially in the gastrointestinal tract is an important cause of undernutrition.The human milk antibodies against cow's milk and soy protein may decrease the exposure to these food proteins during weaning and possibly decrease the risk of developing allergy.Soy oil can contain soy protein, which may explain some food intolerance reactions.
AN APPRAISAL OF TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING CEREBRAL CIRCULATION IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: ROLFE P. , PERSSON B. , ZETTERSTRÖM R. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. The study of cerebral circulation in ill pre‐term infants is important both to improve our understanding of the physiological aspects of cerebral blood flow control, and to provide further insight into the aetiology of intracranial intra‐ventricular haemorrhage. Progress in this field has been hampered by the absence of measurement techniques which must be safe and clinically applicable whilst at the same time providing results with sufficient quality for the confident development of hypotheses.The symposium was held in order to evaluate critically the measurement techniques which might be considered for use in the sick, human newborn infant.
Cytogenetic Findings in Moderate and Severe Mental Retardation A Study of an Institutionalized Population of 1991 Patients
Authors: FRYNS J. P. , KLECZKOWSKA A. , KUBIEŃ E. , BERGHE H. VAN DEN 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe cytogenetic data of a large scale study in an institutionalized population of 1991 moderately and severely mentally retarded patients are presented. In 21.3% of these patients a chromosomal aberration was diagnosed (14.9% Down syndrome patients and 3.5%“other chromosomal anomalies”). A fragile X screening was performed in 354 males, and was found to be positive in 57 (16.1% positive). Different chromosomal variants were present in another 6% of this population. Detailed results are presented on the different groups of chromosomal aberrations.
Clinical Experience with Authentic Recombinant Somatropin – German Collaborative Study
Authors: RANKE MICHAEL B. , BIERICH JÜRGEN R. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.A multicentre clinical trial with recombinant somatropin was initiated in West Germany in early 1986. Acceptance of patients to the study was determined according to criteria outlined in a detailed study protocol. To the present time, 41 patients with hGH deficiency not previously treated (naive) and 28 patients previously treated with pituitary hGH have been admitted. Recombinant somatropin is given, 12 IU/m2/week s.c, divided into six doses. Height velocities during treatment rose dramatically for naive patients from 3.5 cm/year (n = 40, before treatment), to 15.0 cm/year (n = 19, calculated at 3 months), and 13.3 cm/year (n = 8, calculated at 6 months). For previously treated patients, the increase in height velocity was from 5.8 cm/year (n = 20) to 9.2 cm/year (n = 19, after 3 months) and 8.6 cm/year (n = 9) at 6 months. Tolerance of recombinant somatropin was good, and no anti‐hGH antibodies were detected in any of the patients.
Evaluation of Growth Hormone Secretion: Provocative Testing vs Endogenous 24‐hour Growth Hormone Profile
Authors: SHULMAN DOROTHY I. , BERCU BARRY B. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Shulman, D. I. and Bercu, B. B. (University of South Florida College of Medicine, All Children's Hospital, Florida, USA). Evaluation of growth hormone secretion: provocative testing vs endogenous 24‐hour growth hormone profile. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 337:61, 1987.A total of 55 children underwent hGH provocative testing with two or more provocative agents, and measurement of endogenous 24‐hour hGH secretion. Patients were divided into groups according to their peak hGH secretory response to provocative testing and their mean 24‐hour hGH concentration. Peak hGH response to provocative testing was significantly greater in control children and in children with hGH neurosecretory dysfunction (GHND) than in the classical hGH deficient group. Mean 24‐hour hGH concentration was significantly greater in the control group than in either the classical hGH deficient or GHND groups. Responses to provocative stimuli were intermediate for the GHND group compared to the classical hGH deficient and the control groups. The mean peak hGH secretory response to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia in the GHND group was poor compared to controls and was greatest following clonidine. The mean peak hGH response to an intravenous bolus of growth hormone releasing hormone was intermediate for the GHND group compared to hGH deficient and control groups. Highest nocturnal peak, first hGH pulse after sleep, mean peak hGH pulse and total number of pulses were also intermediate for the GHND group compared to the other groups. The control group had significantly more pulses greater than 5 ng/ml than did the other groups. Night‐time and daytime hGH pools were lower in the classical hGH deficient and GHND groups compared to controls; however, there was overlap between groups. Six of seven children in the GHND group have responded to exogenous hGH therapy with increased linear growth velocity. Measurements of endogenous 24‐hour hGH secretion may identify a subgroup of hGH deficient children who are not detected by provocative testing yet who may respond to exogenous hGH therapy with improved linear growth.
Multicentre Clinical Trial of Authentic Recombinant Somatropin in Growth Hormone Deficiency
Authors: BIERICH J. R. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Bierich, J. R. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, West Germany). Multicentre clinical trial of authentic recombinant somatropin in growth hormone deficiency. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 337:135, 1987.A German multicentre trial of recombinant somatropin was cdmmenced in March 1986. A total of 77 patients with hGH deficiency were recruited, with heights at least 2.5 SD below the normal mean. Of these, 49 were previously untreated (naïve) and 28 had previously received pituitary hGH. Recombinant somatropin, 12 IU/m2/week was administered subcutaneously, divided into six doses. In the naive group, the height velocity reached 14.9 cm/year in the first 3 months, and thereafter stabilized at 12 cm/year. In the previously treated patients, the growth rate was 10.7 cm/year in the first 3 months, and 8.5 cm/year at 9 and 12 months. There were no abnormal findings in tests of laboratory parameters. No anti‐hGH antibodies were detected in any of the patients; seven patients had anti‐ECP antibodies, but in six of these the antibodies were already present before treatment.
Current Clinical Trials with Authentic Recombinant Somatropin in Japan
Authors: HIBI ITSURO , TAKANO KAZUE , SHIZUME KAZUO 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Hibi, I., Takano, K. and Shizume, K. (National Children's Hospital and Tokyo Women's Medical College, Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Tokyo, Japan). Current clinical trials with authentic recombinant somatropin in Japan. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 337:141, 1987.A total of 25 children with hGH deficiency were treated with recombinant somatropin, 0.5 IU/kg/week i.m. for approximately 12 months in a multicentre study. Sixteen patients were previousky untreated with any hGH preparation (naïve group) and 9 patients had been treated with pituitary hGH for 4–42 months (previously treated group). The height gain after 12 months with the present treatment was 7.7 ± 1.8 cm/year in the naive group and 5.8 ± 1.0 cm/year in the previously treated group. Using the criteria proposed by the Foundation for Growth Science in Japan, recombinant somatropin treatment was effective in 15 of 16 patients (93.8%) of the naive group and in all of the 9 patients (100%) in the switched group. Anti‐hGH antibody was observed in none of 9 patients in the previously treated group throughout the study period. It was observed in only 2 of 16 patients after 6 months of treatment and 1 of 16 patients after 12 months of treatment in the naïve group. No side‐effects or abnormalities in laboratory findings were observed.
THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE INFANT AND THE ENVIRONMENT: THE IMPORTANCE OF MOTHER‐CHILD CONTACT AFTER DELIVERY
Authors: DE CHÂTEAU PETER 
Published: January 2008

Abstract.Birth is more than just the physical beginning of a new life — it is also the start of the psychosocial development of the newborn infant together with its family. Immediately after delivery parents and infants can start to exchange signals that maybe are of major importance for this development. The early post partum period has been regarded to have great potentials and especially the mother has been regarded to play a very powerful role, whereas the infant's contribution has been accorded little discussion. The individual reactive capacity of the newborn baby and its influence on the environment can be illustrated in a number of ways. In recent years studies of fetal movements have been made by means of ultra sound registration and it has been discussed whether these are precursors of later behavior in the neonate‐infant. The transition at birth can be considered either to be continuous or discontinuous, the outcome of this discussion has great bearing on the importance of early neonate‐environment interactions.Short and long term outcome of different routine care procedures around the time of delivery and transition are controversial subjects. Although several studies support the importance of early post delivery interaction, other studies do not seem to find correlations between early experiences and later developmental outcome measurements. In this paper several of these aspects will be discussed, examples from the literature given and possible clinical applications suggested, as well as their impact on the care of healthy and sick newborns and their families.