bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acyclic 5‐choosability of planar graphs without small cycles
Authors: Montassier Mickaël , Raspaud André , Wang Weifan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA proper vertex coloring of a graph G = (V,E) is acyclic if G contains no bicolored cycle. A graph G is acyclically L‐list colorable if for a given list assignment L = {L(v): v: ∈ V}, there exists a proper acyclic coloring ϕ of G such that ϕ(v) ∈  L(v) for all v ∈  V. If G is acyclically L‐list colorable for any list assignment with |L (v)|≥ k for all v ∈  V, then G is acyclically k‐choosable. In this article, we prove that every planar graph G without 4‐ and 5‐cycles, or without 4‐ and 6‐cycles is acyclically 5‐choosable. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 54: 245–260, 2007
Determination of BAPTA‐AM, the acetoxymethyl tetraester of BAPTA, in rat plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Feng , Hang Taijun , Wu Chunyong , Di Bin , Liu Wenyin , Xu Jihua , Zhai Chunxiao , Sun Di , Liu Jinxing , Wei Wei 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBAPTA‐AM is the acetoxymethylester of the calcium chelator BAPTA and has demonstrated efficacy in several animal models of cerebral ischemia. This paper describes the development of a method for the determination of BAPTA‐AM in rat plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Owing to multiple ester groups in the structure of BAPTA‐AM, [M + Na]+ was chosen as the analytical ion for quantification of BAPTA‐AM. During the analytical method development, a high percentage of organic solvent and the addition of an amount of sodium acetate and formic acid in the mobile phase were found to favor the sensitivity and reproducibility of [M + Na]+. Poor fragmentation was usually observed in the MS/MS spectra of sodium adduct ions. However, abundant and reproducible fragment ions were observed for the BAPTA‐AM sodium adduct ion, and therefore the traditional selective reaction‐monitoring mode was used to further improve the sensitivity of MS detection. Because of the lability of the ester bond, a combination of fluoride and hydrochloric acid was applied to minimize the enzymatic hydrolysis, and acetonitrile was chosen to avoid the chemical hydrolysis or solvolysis during the sample collection and preparation procedure. On the basis of these studies, a rapid, sensitive and reproducible method for the determination of BAPTA‐AM in rat plasma, using LC/ESI‐MS/MS and a simple protein precipitation procedure, was developed and validated. Also, the present method was successfully applied to the determination of BAPTA‐AM plasma concentrations for pharmacokinetic studies in rats. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate teleconnections to Yangtze river seasonal streamflow at the Three Gorges Dam, China
Authors: Xu Kaiqin , Brown Casey , Kwon Hyun‐Han , Lall Upmanu , Zhang Jiqun , Hayashi Seiji , Chen Zhongyuan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this study, we identify climatic influences on summer monsoon inflow to the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) in the Yangtze River Basin and use indices of these influences to predict streamflow one season ahead. Summer monsoon streamflow at Yichang hydrological station (YHS) was analyzed for the period 1882–2003. Statistical analysis was used to develop a predictive model for summer streamflow using preceding climate variables. Linear correlation maps were constructed using 3‐month ahead climate fields to identify regions that exhibit teleconnections with streamflow at Yichang. The analysis revealed regions in the eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans that influence YHS streamflow. These regions and variables are consistent with those identified by previous studies of regional rainfall. In addition, snow cover in the Yangtze upland region provides predictive skill, likely due to snowmelt contributions to streamflow. A regression model for prediction using these indices provides a prediction R2 greater than 0.5, which is robust under the ‘leave one out’ cross‐validation. A skillful prediction can provide guidance for water management in the Yangtze River Basin, e.g. the Three Gorges Dam and future projects for South‐to‐North water transfer. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Seasonal prediction of Korean regional climate from preceding large‐scale climate indices
Authors: Kim Maeng‐Ki , Kim Yeon‐Hee , Lee Woo‐Seop 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOn the basis of multivariate linear regression with an adaptive choice of climate indices as predictors, a seasonal forecast with a lead time of 2 months was applied to Korea on a monthly basis, and leave‐one‐out cross‐validation was applied to obtain forecasting skill at the 1% significance level. The monthly ACC (anomaly correlation coefficient) skill was 0.42–0.65 for temperature and 0.35–0.63 for precipitation. COD (coefficient of determination) was 18–42% for temperature and 14–39% for precipitation. The first coupled SLP pattern related to Korean climate is very similar to the correlation pattern between the preceding climate index and SLP at the target month, indicating that preceding climate indices can be dynamically linked to Korean climate. For example, the PNA index at a lead time of 5 months prior to October is closely related to a circulation anomaly with weak negative correlation over the Okhotsk Sea to East Sea and strong positive correlation over a broad band from Lake Baikal to China. This SLP pattern provides conditions that can dynamically induce cold advection from northwestern Asia around Lake Baikal toward the Korean Peninsula, resulting in cooling over Korea. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Drought reconstruction for North Central China from tree rings: the value of the Palmer drought severity index
Authors: Li Jinbao , Chen Fahu , Cook Edward R. , Gou Xiaohua , Zhang Yongxiang 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe present a drought reconstruction for north central China based on a tree ring‐width chronology developed from two sites of the Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) in the northern Helan Mountains. The drought reconstruction, spanning 1788–1999 A.D., was developed by calibrating tree‐ring data with the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), an index that describes the regional moisture condition properly. The reconstruction was verified with independent data, and accounts for 45.7% of the actual PDSI variance during their common period (1941–1999). The full reconstruction indicates that the regional drought variability was relatively stable during the nineteenth century, but became more variable and persistent during the twentieth century. The drought epoch in the late 1920s was the most severe one in our reconstruction. In contrast to a wetting trend in the western area of northwest China, a clear drying trend has occurred in north central China since mid‐1930s. The multitaper method (MTM) spectral analysis indicates the existence of some decadal (∼11.4 year) and interannual (9.1, 6.8, 4.0, 2.7 and 2.1–2.0 year) cycles, which may potentially be the fingerprints of some proposed climate change forcings. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Developing global leaders: Executive coaching targets cross‐cultural competencies
Authors: Handin Katherine , Steinwedel Janet S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLeaders working with colleagues from other cultures or heading multicultural teams may find themselves stymied by their own apparent ineffectiveness and bewildered by the reactions of others. A new model of executive coaching can help individuals transform lifelong conditioning and personal assumptions into new beliefs and behaviors needed for cross‐cultural collaboration and leadership. The coachee draws on three core ethnorelative values and behaviors—curiosity, cultivation, and collaboration—and uses communication skills and reflection techniques to delve beneath the surface of each situation. Through self‐awareness and appreciation for others, the coachee becomes a leader who can deftly navigate cultural differences to build rewarding and productive relationships. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Covance's global mentoring initiative develops people through exceptional partnerships
Authors: Darmstadter Miriam 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe global mentoring program at Covance plays a dual role as a diversity initiative and a resource‐efficient developmental tool, providing a powerful developmental experience that enriches worklife for all participants. After studying successful programs in leading companies, the Covance team crafted a program that includes selection criteria and a careful matching process, training and tools for mentoring pairs, ongoing support, and close monitoring and evaluation. The company has also tackled the challenges of long‐distance mentoring relationships to make the program more accessible to its global workforce. As the program continues to grow and receive rave reviews, the Covance team continues to refine it for even greater effectiveness. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Free radical scavengers are more effective than indomethacin in the prevention of experimentally induced heterotopic ossification
Authors: Vanden Bossche L.C. , Van Maele G. , Wojtowicz I. , De Cock K. , Vertriest S. , De Muynck M. , Rimbaut S. , Vanderstraeten G.G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification is still unclear and the preventive therapies are usually insufficient. The present study was designed to investigate the possible preventive effect of free radical scavengers on the development of experimentally induced heterotopic ossification in a rabbit model and to compare free radical scavengers with indomethacin to determine whether they act synergistically. A standard immobilization–manipulation model was used to induce heterotopical ossification in the hind legs of 40 1‐year‐old female New Zealand albino rabbits. The animals were divided into four groups and received daily either placebo, a free radical scavenger cocktail [allopurinol and N‐acetylcysteine (A/A)], indomethacin or the combination of A/A and indomethacin in a randomized double‐blind fashion. Every 4 days an X‐ray was taken and the thickness and length of new bone formation was measured at the thigh. A marked statistically significant difference was found between the four groups. In the groups that received A/A, either alone or combined with indomethacin, an inhibition of bone growth, both in thickness and in length was demonstrated. In this experimental model free radical scavengers had a superior inhibitory effect on heterotopic ossification than indomethacin. Free radicals could play an important role in the pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:267–272, 2007
Bone formation after damaging in vivo fatigue loading results in recovery of whole‐bone monotonic strength and increased fatigue life
Authors: Silva Matthew J. , Touhey Daniel C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBone has a remarkable capacity for self‐repair. We previously reported a woven bone response after damaging in vivo fatigue loading of the rat ulna that led to a rapid recovery of whole‐bone strength. In the current study we asked: does the bone response in the 12 days after damaging fatigue loading result in a bone that has normal fatigue properties? The right forelimbs of 52 adult rats were subjected to a single bout of in vivo fatigue loading. Nonloaded left forelimbs were used as controls. Ulnar geometric properties were assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and ex vivo mechanical properties were assessed by three‐point bending. On day 0, ulnae from loaded forelimbs had a 15–20% reduction in stiffness and ultimate force versus controls (p < 0.10), indicative of structural damage. On day 12, bone area at the midshaft was increased by 27% (p < 0.001) and microCT scans revealed periosteal woven bone at this site. This bone response led to a recovery of the monotonic properties of loaded ulnae at day 12 versus control (stiffness, p = 0.73; ultimate force, p = 0.96). Importantly, fatigue testing ex vivo at day 12 demonstrated significantly greater fatigue life in in vivo loaded ulnae versus controls (p < 0.001). Additionally, the slope of the fatigue‐life curve was significantly less in loaded versus control ulnae (p < 0.002). We conclude that woven bone “repair” of a bone damaged by fatigue loading restores whole‐bone strength and enhances resistance to further damage by repetitive loading. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:252–261, 2007
Gliding characteristics between flexor tendons and surrounding tissues in the carpal tunnel: A biomechanical cadaver study
Authors: Zhao Chunfeng , Ettema Anke M. , Osamura Naoki , Berglund Lawrence J. , An Kai‐Nan , Amadio Peter C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the gliding characteristics of flexor tendons within the carpal tunnel with varied wrist positions and tendon motion styles, which may help us to understand the relationship between carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and repetitive hand motion. Eight fresh human cadaveric wrists and hands were used. The peak (PGR) and mean (MGR) gliding resistance of the middle finger flexor digitorum superficialis tendon were measured with the wrist in 0, 30, and 60° of flexion and extension. While moving all three fingers together, the PGR at 60° flexion was significantly higher than that at 0, 30, or 60° extension. While moving the middle finger alone, the PGR at 60 and 30° flexion was significantly higher than the PGR at 60° extension. The PGR moving the middle finger FDS alone was significantly greater than that for all three digits moving together in 0, 30, and 60° flexion. Differential finger motion with wrist flexion elevated the tendon gliding resistance in the carpal tunnel, which may be relevant in considering the possible role of wrist position and activity in the etiology of CTS. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:185–190, 2007
Concentration‐dependent Raman study of noncoincidence effect in the NH2 bending and CO stretching modes of HCONH2 in the binary mixture (HCONH2 + CH3OH)
Authors: Ojha Animesh K. , Srivastava Sunil K. , Asthana B. P. , Singh Ranjan K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe isotropic and anisotropic parts of the Raman spectra of NH2 bending and ν(CO) stretching modes of HCONH2 in a hydrogen‐bonding solvent, methanol, at different concentrations have been analyzed carefully in order to study the noncoincidence effect (NCE). In neat HCONH2, the experimentally measured values of noncoincidence Δνnc are ∼11 and ∼18 cm−1 for the NH2 bending and ν(CO) stretching modes, which reduce to 0.45 and 1.14 cm−1, respectively at the concentration of HCONH2 in mole fraction, χm = 0.1. The experimental results have been explained on the basis of two models, namely, the microscopic prediction of Logan and the macroscopic model of Mirone and Fini. The relative success of the two models in explaining the experimental data for both the modes have been discussed. It has been observed that in case of the ν(CO) stretching vibrational mode the Logan model can reproduce the experimental data rather precisely, whereas in the case of the NH2 bending mode, Mirone and Fini model yields more accurate results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activity of cathepsins during beef aging related to mutations in the myostatin gene
Authors: Caballero Beatriz , Sierra Verónica , Oliván Mamen , Vega‐Naredo Ignacio , Tomás‐Zapico Cristina , Alvarez‐García Óscar , Tolivia Delio , Hardeland Rüdiger , Rodríguez‐Colunga María Josefa , Coto‐Montes Ana 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDouble‐muscled syndrome in cattle improves meat tenderness. However, the nature of the proteolytic processes associated with this phenomenon remains unknown. The aim of this study was to monitor changes in the activity of cathepsins (B, B + L, D and H) during meat aging and their gradual release from lysosomes to the cytosol in the longissimus muscle of yearling bulls of two breeds from northern Spain (Asturiana de los Valles and Asturiana de la Montaña) showing three genotypes for muscular hypertrophy (mh/mh, mh/+ and + / +). The data showed that the pattern of cathepsin activity during meat aging paralleled variations in tenderness in the different genotypes studied. Maximal cathepsin D activity and minimal cathepsin H activity were recorded during meat aging times ranging from 3 to 21 days. The activities of cathepsins B and B + L were lower than that of cathepsin D at the established time points (3, 7, 14 and 21 days post‐slaughter). The role of these enzymes in the activation of cathepsin D is discussed. All cathepsins showed similar action patterns, with high levels early on in the aging process and lower levels at later times. This pattern depended on the genotype and was significantly faster (P≤0.05) in meat from mh/mh animals, intermediate in meat from mh/+ animals and slower in meat from normal (+/+) animals of both breeds. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Nutritional value of African yambean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa, L): improvement by solid substrate fermentation using the tempeh fungus Rhizopus oligosporus
Authors: Azeke Marshall A , Fretzdorff Barbara , Buening‐Pfaue Hans , Betsche Thomas 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe tropical African yambean (AYB, Sphenostylis stenocarpa L.) is a hardy, protein‐rich under‐utilised African legume. Anti‐nutrients, and the excessively long cooking time (4–6 h), among other factors, limit the food use of African yambean seeds. To reduce these limitations, non‐traditional, less energy consuming processing methods are required. Seeds of different varieties were (1) examined for proximate composition and (2) fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus for the production of tempeh. The traditional production process involves dehulling, soaking in water for 24 h, boiling in water for 30 min, inoculation and fermentation. In addition, the traditional procedure for preparing tempeh was modified by using 1% citric acid solution instead of water for soaking and cooking. Comparisons with traditionally cooked beans, which involved boiling in water for 4 h, were made. The traditional tempeh procedure resulted in a slight but significant increase in protein and starch (P < 0.05) and an almost complete loss of most of the anti‐nutrients of AYB seeds, although the cyanogenic glycoside content of AYB‐white remained high. The modified procedure resulted in a bacteria‐free tempeh and the cyanogenic glycosides were no longer detectable. In vitro protein digestibility of the 1% citric acid treated sample was slightly lower than that of the water‐treated sample. Both tempeh production processes were clearly more effective and less energy intensive than traditional cooking in improving nutritional quality, but only the modified method of tempeh production eliminated the possibility of cyanide poisoning. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Zero acquaintance benchmarking at travel destination websites: what is the first impression that national tourism organizations try to make?
Authors: Han Jee‐Hee , Mills Juline E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper examines the marketing effectiveness of hospitality and tourism websites. An extensive review of literature on website effectiveness in hospitality and tourism revealed a total of 47 different instruments that have been used to evaluate hospitality and tourism websites. Using the grounded theory technique, a website evaluation tool called the online promotion evaluation instrument was developed with the aim of condensing the 47 existing tools into one benchmarked instrument with applicability across the various hospitality and tourism sectors. The developed online promotion evaluation instrument comprised three main features—aesthetics features (destination visualisation and Web design); informative features (uniqueness, monetary value and cultural promotion); and interactive features (e‐travel planners and online communities). The instrument was tested using a random sample of 25 National Tourism Organization websites worldwide. The results of the instrument development and testing process are presented in this paper with directions for future research in website evaluation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the contribution of flagship projects to city image change: a quasi‐experimental technique
Authors: Smith Andrew 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to identify a simple technique that can be used to indicate whether flagship urban projects contribute to city image change. The quasi‐experiment outlined is grounded in established marketing efficacy measures and involves establishing the relationship between awareness levels of projects and image change. After an explanation of the proposed technique, it is applied to projects in Birmingham, Manchester and Sheffield to demonstrate its potential value. Despite raising some concerns, the paper concludes that the technique provides a useful indicator of the effects of flagship projects, particularly when longitudinal research is not possible. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Representing protected areas: a critical discourse analysis of tourism destination building in a Greek travel magazine
Authors: Stamou Anastasia G. , Paraskevopoulos Stephanos 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe present paper examines the way protected areas are constructed as tourism destinations by the information sources (i.e. a Greek travel magazine) that are consumed by potential visitors to such areas. Specifically, it explores what form of tourism is proposed for virtual visitors, whether it is ecotourism (i.e. both tourism and environmentalism) or simply a nature‐based one (i.e. exclusively tourism). Examining the way a Greek travel magazine builds protected areas as tourism destinations, and consequently what expectations are created for readers and potential visitors to such areas, the focus of the present paper is on whether the media contribute to the failure on the part of visitors to protected areas, who are the majority of the people engaging in ecotourism activities, to incorporate environmentalist besides tourism pursuits in their travel experiences. The analysis suggests that the travel magazine cultivates the view that other protected areas (with a tradition in mass tourism) are suitable for nature‐based tourism, others (with great ecological interest) for environmentalism, but few for ecotourism. This means that visitors to protected areas will probably have a difficulty in combining tourism with environmentalist pursuits, rather than in developing environmentalist concerns in general. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An experimental pathologic study of gingivectomy using dual‐wavelength laser equipment with OPO
Authors: Amagai Tetsuya , Kato Junji , Haruyama Chikahiro , Ohsuka Keigo , Takase Yasuaki , Hirai Yoshito 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study was conducted to evaluate how soft tissues respond to treatment by a tunable laser with an optical parametric oscillating (OPO) mechanism capable of simultaneously emitting two wavelengths.Materials and MethodsMarginal gingiva of dogs was incised by a prototype laser oscillator. The oscillator was set at two wavelengths known to effectively incise tissue and arrest hemorrhage with minimal invasiveness. Four laser irradiation conditions were set based on different combinations of the 1.67 and 2.94 µm wavelengths. The animals were sacrificed immediately after surgery, 7 days after surgery, and 28 days after surgery for histological examination.ResultsWhen irradiation at 1.67 and 2.94 µm wavelengths was simultaneously applied, the former conferred an observable hemostatic effect and the latter incised the tissue. Wound healing was similar to that in conventional methods and no serious inflammation was observed.ConclusionSimultaneous irradiation at wavelengths of 1.67 and 2.94 µm can be an effective method in soft tissue surgery. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.