bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Room‐Temperature, Meter‐Scale Synthesis of Heazlewoodite‐Based Nanoarray Electrodes for Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Bai Xinyu , Zhang Mingcheng , Shen Yucheng , Liang Xiao , Jiao Wenqiang , He Rong , Zou Yongcun , Chen Hui , Zou Xiaoxin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlkaline water electrolysis is among the most promising technologies to massively produce green hydrogen. Developing highly‐active and durable electrodes to catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of primary importance. Here a facile, room‐temperature synthetic route is presented to access heazlewoodite phase (Ni, Fe)3S2 nanosheet arrays supported on NiFe foam (NFF), whose production can be easily scaled up to meter size per batch operation. The (Ni, Fe)3S2/NFF electrode can serve as a high‐performance electrocatalyst for both HER and OER in alkaline media, and remains highly stable for over 1000 h at 100 mA cm−2 current densities. When working as HER electrocatalyst, (Ni, Fe)3S2 is confirmed as catalytic phase that provides a high density of efficient active sites (e.g., Ni─Ni and Ni─Fe bridge sites). During electrochemical OER testing, (Ni, Fe)3S2 nanosheets totally transform into γ‐(Fe, Ni)OOH as active catalytic phase for OER. As a consequence, the (Ni, Fe)3S2/NFF can be used to integrate into an alkaline electrolyzer as both the cathode and anode, and to give an excellent catalytic performance (600 mA cm−2 @1.93 V), which is better than the alkaline electrolyzer based on commercial Raney Ni electrodes.
Differentiating Single Multiple Nanopore Through Conductance Distribution Analysis
Authors: Liang Shengfa , Liu Yu , Xiang Feibin , Yao Zhihong , Zhang Wenchang , Guan Weihua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSolid‐state nanopore sensors, a type of resistive pulse sensing, achieve optimal signal‐to‐noise performance with a single nanopore. However, the processes involved in solid‐state nanopore fabrication and subsequent measurements frequently lead to the formation of multiple nanopores, posing a challenge for precise detection. To address this issue, here, a novel and expedient technique to verify the presence of a single nanopore on a chip is developed. The methodology includes measuring the nanopore's conductance in solutions of various salt conditions, followed by a comparison of these results against a theoretical conductance model. This comparison is instrumental in distinguishing between single and multiple nanopores. Additionally, the study delves into various factors that influence the conductance curve, such as deviations in pore shape from the standard circle and inconsistencies in pore diameter. This approach significantly enhances the practical application of low‐cost nanopore preparation techniques, particularly in scenarios like controlled breakdown nanopore fabrication, where the formation of multiple nanopores is a common concern.
Liquid Metal as Energy Conversion Sensitizers: Materials and Applications
Authors: Wang Dawei , Hou Yi , Tang Jianbo , Liu Jing , Rao Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnergy can exist in nature in a wide range of forms. Energy conversion refers to the process in which energy is converted from one form to another, and this process will be greatly enhanced by energy conversion sensitizers. Recently, an emerging class of new materials, namely liquid metals (LMs), shows excellent prospects as highly versatile materials. Notably, in terms of energy delivery and conversion, LMs functional materials are chemical responsive, heat‐responsive, photo‐responsive, magnetic‐responsive, microwave‐responsive, and medical imaging responsive. All these intrinsic virtues enabled promising applications in energy conversion, which means LMs can act as energy sensitizers for enhancing energy conversion and transport. Herein, first the unique properties of the light, heat, magnetic and microwave converting capacity of gallium‐based LMs materials are summarized. Then platforms and applications of LM‐based energy conversion sensitizers are highlighted. Finally, some of the potential applications and opportunities of LMs are prospected as energy conversion sensitizers in the future, as well as unresolved challenges. Collectively, it is believed that this review provides a clear perspective for LMs mediated energy conversion, and this topic will help deepen knowledge of the physical chemistry properties of LMs functional materials.
Interfacial relaxation of droplets caused by mass transfer in a pulsed column
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhou Han , Zheng Qiang , Jing Shan , Lan Wenjie , Li Shaowei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe method developed in our previous work (Wang et al., AIChE J. 2020; 66(8): e16257), was used to study the influence of the mass‐transfer direction and flux on the dynamic interfacial tension (DIFT) in a pulsed column. The breakup frequency was the highest near the entrance of the dispersed droplet, corresponding to the lowest interfacial tension and highest mass transfer flux. The decrease in the interfacial tension was proportional to the square root of mass‐transfer flux, and this difference is defined as a new parameter, named interfacial relaxation. When the mass‐transfer direction was changed from the dispersed phase to continuous phase to the opposite direction, the proportion of binary breakage was decreased from ~80% to ~40% and the interfacial relaxation was more sensitive to the mass‐transfer flux. A DIFT model was finally established based on the interfacial relaxation parameter, which predicted the experimental results with an error of ±10%.
Iron‐Catalyzed Allylic C(sp3)−H Silylation: Spin‐Crossover‐Efficiency‐Determined Chemoselectivity
Authors: He Peng , Guan Mu‐Han , Hu Meng‐Yang , Zhou Yuan‐Jun , Huang Ming‐Yao , Zhu Shou‐Fei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe nuanced role of spin effects remains a critical gap in designing proficient open‐shell catalysts. This study elucidates an iron‐catalyzed allylic C(sp3)−H silylation/alkyne hydrosilylation reaction, in which the spin state of the open‐shell iron catalyst dictates the reaction kinetics and pathway. Specifically, spin crossover led to alkyne hydrosilylation, whereas spin conservation resulted in a novel allylic C(sp3)−H silylation reaction. This chemoselectivity, governed by the spin‐crossover efficiency, reveals an unexpected dimension in spin effects and a first in the realm of transition‐metal‐catalyzed in situ silylation of allylic C(sp3)−H bonds, which had been previously inhibited by the heightened reactivity of alkenes in hydrosilylation reactions. Furthermore, this spin crossover can either accelerate or hinder the reaction at different stages within a single catalytic reaction, a phenomenon scarcely documented. Moreover, we identify a substrate‐assisted C−H activation mechanism, a departure from known ligand‐assisted processes, offering a fresh perspective on C−H activation strategies.
Control of Polarity in Kagome‐NiAs Bismuthides
Authors: Gibson Quinn D. , Wen Dongsheng , Lin Hai , Zanella Marco , Daniels Luke M. , Robertson Craig M. , Claridge John B. , Alaria Jonathan , Dyer Matthew S. , Rosseinsky Matthew J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA 2×2×1 superstructure of the P63/mmc NiAs structure is reported in which kagome nets are stabilized in the octahedral transition metal layers of the compounds Ni0.7Pd0.2Bi, Ni0.6Pt0.4Bi, and Mn0.99Pd0.01Bi. The ordered vacancies that yield the true hexagonal kagome motif lead to filling of trigonal bipyramidal interstitial sites with the transition metal in this family of “kagome‐NiAs” type materials. Further ordering of vacancies within these interstitial layers can be compositionally driven to simultaneously yield kagome‐connected layers and a net polarization along the c axes in Ni0.9Bi and Ni0.79Pd0.08Bi, which adopt Fmm2 symmetry. The polar and non‐polar materials exhibit different electronic transport behaviour, reflecting the tuneability of both structure and properties within the NiAs‐type bismuthide materials family.
Solvation‐Tailored PVDF‐Based Solid‐State Electrolyte for High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Wujie , Liu Yiwen , Sun Xinyi , He Zhiying , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPoly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐based polymer electro‐lytes are attracting increasing attention for high‐voltage solid‐state lithium metal batteries because of their high room temperature ionic conductivity, adequate mechanical strength and good thermal stability. However, the presence of highly reactive residual solvents, such as N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), severely jeopardizes the long‐term cycling stability. Herein, we propose a solvation‐tailoring strategy to confine residual solvent molecules by introducing low‐cost 3 Å zeolite molecular sieves as fillers. The strong interaction between DMF and the molecular sieve weakens the ability of DMF to participate in the solvation of Li+, leading to more anions being involved in solvation. Benefiting from the tailored anion‐rich coordination environment, the interfacial side reactions with the lithium anode and high‐voltage NCM811 cathode are effectively suppressed. As a result, the solid‐state Li||Li symmetrical cells demonstrates ultra‐stable cycling over 5100 h at 0.1 mA cm−2, and the Li||NCM811 full cells achieve excellent cycling stability for more than 1130 and 250 cycles under the charging cut‐off voltages of 4.3 V and 4.5 V, respectively. Our work is an innovative exploration to address the negative effects of residual DMF in PVDF‐based solid‐state electrolytes and highlights the importance of modulating the solvation structures in solid‐state polymer electrolytes.
Spatial and temporal variability of the two main caught species of an artisanal trap fishery in an oceanic island
Authors: Cruces Lorenzo , Rodríguez Myriam , Monterroso Óscar , Álvarez Omar , Pérez Óscar , Riera Rodrigo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study analysed the catches of trap fishing in the Canary Archipelago, NE Atlantic Ocean. This study was conducted from October 2016 to September 2017, April to November 2018 and September 2020, in five ports (San Cristóbal, Taliarte, Castillo del Romeral, Arguineguín and Mogán).
The primary gear were traps with small mesh size (31.6 mm) and large mesh size (50.8 mm). A total of 2587 small mesh size traps and 141 large mesh size traps were analysed from 20‐ to 130‐m depth.
The main target species were Dentex gibbosus and Stephanolepis hispidus.
Catches of traps with large mesh size showed D. gibbosus above first maturity and S. hispidus in small mesh size traps. Both species exhibit larger specimens during reproductive periods.
The most effective traps for D. gibbosus (large mesh) were located on the western coast (>30‐m depth), with the highest catch per unit of effort (CPUE) in Mogán (857.7 g trap−1 day−1). The most effective traps for S. hispidus (small mesh) were located in southern areas, especially in sandy habitats (124.9 g trap−1 day−1 in Castillo del Romeral, 102.9 g trap−1 day−1 in Arguineguín).
The highest catchability of D. gibbosus was observed in April (CPUE of 962.8 g trap−1 day−1), and the highest catchability of S. hispidus was found in June (CPUE of 165.9 g trap−1 day−1).
The traps with small mesh size showed a great selectivity of sizes for S. hispidus; though high catch rates of immature specimens of D. gibbosus pose a threat to species conservation.
The management recommendations' proposed measures include revising minimum catch sizes for both species. Additionally, we suggested depth limitations for mesh sizes of traps.
The study highlights the need for new management strategies to ensure the conservation of targeted demersal species, with special emphasis on addressing the threat posed by small mesh sizes to immature D. gibbosus.
The findings provide valuable insights for adapting fishery management practices to sustainably conserve the targeted species in the Canary Archipelago.
Inhibitory Activity Against Rhizoctonia Solani and Chemical Composition of Extract from Moutan Cortex
Authors: Zhao Yongtian , Wang Xinge , Han Xin , Ren Aixia , Huang Xiaona , Fang Shuangyan , Chen Hongting , Zhang Lian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRice sheath blight (RSB), caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a significant disease of rice. The negative effects of chemical fungicides have created an urgent need for low–toxicity botanical fungicides. Our previous research revealed that the ethanol crude extract of Moutan Cortex (MC) exhibited superior antifungal activity against R. solani at 1000 μg/mL, resulting in a 100 % inhibition rate. The antifungal properties were mainly found in the petroleum ether extract. However, the active ingredients of the extract are still unclear. In this study, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC−MS) was utilised for the analysis of its chemical components. The mycelium growth rate method was utilized to detect the antifungal activity. The findings indicated that paeonol constituted the primary active component, with a content of more than 96 %. Meanwhile, paeonol was the most significant antifungal active ingredient, the antifungal activity of paeonol (EC50=44.83 μg/mL) was much higher than that of β‐sitosterol and ethyl propionate against R. solani. Observation under an optical microscope revealed that paeonol resulted in abnormal mycelial morphology. This study provided theoretical support for identifying monomer antifungal compounds and developing biological fungicides for R. solani.
Therapeutic gene delivery by mesenchymal stem cell for brain ischemia damage: Focus on molecular mechanisms in ischemic stroke
Authors: Saleh Raed Obaid , Majeed Ali A. , Margiana Ria , Alkadir Ola Kamal A. , Almalki Sami G. , Ghildiyal Pallavi , Samusenkov Vadim , Jabber Noura Kareem , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Elawady Ahmed 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCerebral ischemic damage is prevalent and the second highest cause of death globally across patient populations; it is as a substantial reason of morbidity and mortality. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have garnered significant interest as a potential treatment for cerebral ischemic damage, as shown in ischemic stroke, because of their potent intrinsic features, which include self‐regeneration, immunomodulation, and multi‐potency. Additionally, MSCs are easily obtained, isolated, and cultured. Despite this, there are a number of obstacles that hinder the effectiveness of MSC‐based treatment, such as adverse microenvironmental conditions both in vivo and in vitro. To overcome these obstacles, the naïve MSC has undergone a number of modification processes to enhance its innate therapeutic qualities. Genetic modification and preconditioning modification (with medications, growth factors, and other substances) are the two main categories into which these modification techniques can be separated. This field has advanced significantly and is still attracting attention and innovation. We examine these cutting‐edge methods for preserving and even improving the natural biological functions and therapeutic potential of MSCs in relation to adhesion, migration, homing to the target site, survival, and delayed premature senescence. We address the use of genetically altered MSC in stroke‐induced damage. Future strategies for improving the therapeutic result and addressing the difficulties associated with MSC modification are also discussed.
Understanding large vessel perforation requiring treatment with covered stent implantation: A case series
Authors: Denby Kara , Zaczkiewicz Myron , Banthiya Sukriti , Mashayekhi Kambis , Khatri Jaikirshan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLarge vessel perforation during coronary intervention is a rare but potentially fatal complication, often requiring implantation of a covered stent for resolution. While technology is improving, the long‐term patency of covered stents is less than drug‐eluting stents, and implantation of covered stents should be used sparingly. Large vessel perforations are complex and often the perforation inflow is not located at the site of extravasation seen on angiography. This can lead to geographic miss when implanting covered stents and necessitate the implantation of additional covered stents which increases the risk for short‐ and long‐term complications. We present a case series to further investigate the anatomy and mechanism of large vessel perforations and guidance on effective covered stent implantation.
Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease in pregnancy: Case report and review of 32 patients in the literature
Authors: Matsuo Toshihiko , Takahashi Kasumi , Kondo Tsunemasa 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageSystemic prednisolone including steroid pulse therapy would be safe in 32 pregnant women, who developed Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease in the literature. Prednisolone administration would be shortened by monitoring of serous retinal detachment with optical coherence tomography.AbstractA 30‐year‐old woman in 31 weeks of pregnancy with metamorphopsia and headache was diagnosed Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease. She underwent steroid pulse therapy and oral prednisolone 20 mg daily for 3 weeks until complete resolution of serous retinal detachment monitored by optical coherence tomography. Oral prednisolone was tapered and discontinued until uneventful delivery.
Presentation of vitiligo in a case of COVID‐19 infection concomitant with receiving remdesivir
Authors: Beyki Farideh , Hasanzadeh Saba , Ghalamkarpour Fariba 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe occurrence of vitiligo following COVID‐19 infection and vaccination is well‐documented. The mitochondrial dysfunction of melanocytes in vitiligo and the potential impact of RDV on mitochondria raise concerns about RDV possibly causing vitiligo.
Unlocking the Potential of Liquid Multiphase Systems for Metal‐Catalysed Reactions
Authors: Bersani Chiara , Perosa Alvise , Rodríguez‐Padrón Daily , Selva Maurizio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLiquid multiphase systems (MPS) have gained attention in recent years due to their versatility for catalytic processes. This review article presents a critical discussion of the most recent advances on the utilization of MPS in both homogeneous and heterogeneous metal‐catalysed reactions. Pros and cons of some exemplificative multiphase configurations are highlighted and compared to conventional methods in single liquid solvents. The application of MPS for the implementation of strategies for the upgrading of biobased molecules is also examined with emphasis on process intensification and sustainability including the catalyst/products separation and the in‐situ recycle and reuse of the metal catalysts. These aspects are analyzed with a view on expanding MPS applications and whenever possible, explore scale‐up opportunities.
Porous MCM‐41 Silica Materials as Scaffolds for Silicon‐based Lithium‐ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Karl Michael , Kalyakina Alena , Dräger Christoph , Haufe Stefan , Pokrant Simone 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAiming for specific energy improvements, lithium‐ion battery (LIB) research explores Si based materials as potential alternatives for the negative electrode/anode. Si exhibits a high specific capacity when lithiated, accompanied by a large volumetric expansion. To mitigate expansion induced failures, composite materials with finely distributed Si inside a scaffold have been established. Potential scaffolds to create such Si composites are nano porous SiO2 materials, such as MCM‐41. MCM‐41 exhibits a fine nanostructure, and the synthesis allows precise tuning of the pore properties and thus, after filling with Si, of Si morphology and Si content in the composite. In this work, insights into relevant MCM‐41 synthesis parameters are acquired, with special attention towards specific pore volumes and pore sizes of the SiO2 powders. Materials characterization is performed using nitrogen sorption analysis, X‐ray scattering, electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Selected MCM‐41 scaffolds are processed to Si composites and integrated into LIB electrodes. The specific capacity and the stability of the Si−SiO2 composites are evaluated by PITT and galvanostatic cycling. They show capacities above 800 mAh g−1, i. e. more than twice the specific capacity of industry standard graphite, and last over 200 charge/discharge cycles before their capacity loss exceeds 25 %.
A Bayesian network‐based susceptibility assessment model for oil and gas pipelines suffering under‐deposit corrosion
Authors: Dao Uyen , Adumene Sidum , Sajid Zaman , Yazdi Mohammad , Islam Rabiul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOil and gas pipelines are exposed to harsh operating conditions that facilitate their susceptibility to complex corrosion mechanisms. This affects their integrity and results in failure with associated consequences. Capturing these complex corrosion phenomena requires a robust approach. This study proposes the application of a dynamic probabilistic model to capture the key influential factors that contribute to the complex under‐deposit corrosion (UDC) mechanism in oil and gas pipelines. The Bayesian network model assesses the pipeline's susceptibility (degradation rate) to the UDC, capturing parametric dependencies. The predicted corrosion rates are input data for the corrosion propagation prediction. Three semi‐empirical corrosion propagation models are used for a comparative assessment to establish the degree of susceptibility given the prevalent influential factors and model parameters. The proposed approach is tested on an offshore pipeline, and the degree of impact of the key influential parameters is predicted. The result shows a percentage increase in the degradation rate by 18.7%, 33.2%, 35.8%, and 63.4%, respectively, for the various interaction scenarios. The present approach offers an adaptive and robust technique that would provide an early warning guide on the rate of pipeline degradation to aid integrity management for offshore assets suffering from deposit corrosion.
Sarcomeric tropomyosin expression during human iPSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes
Authors: Dube Dipak K. , Dube Syamalima , Shi Huaiyu , Benz Patricia , Randhawa Samender , Fan Yingli , Wang Jusuo , Ma Zhen , Sanger Joseph W. , Sanger Jean M. , Poiesz Bernard J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTropomyosin (TPM) is an essential sarcomeric component, stabilizing the thin filament and facilitating actin's interaction with myosin. In mammals, including humans, there are four TPM genes (TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4) each of which generates a multitude of TPM isoforms via alternative splicing and using different promoters. In this study, we have examined the expression of transcripts as well as proteins of various sarcomeric TPM isoforms during human inducible pluripotent stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes. During the differentiation time course, we harvested cells on Days 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 to analyze for various sarcomeric TPM transcripts by qRT‐PCR and for sarcomeric TPM proteins using two‐dimensional Western blot with sarcomeric TPM‐specific CH1 monoclonal antibody followed by mass spectra analyses. Our results show increasing levels of total TPM transcripts and proteins during the period of differentiation, but varying levels of specific TPM isoforms during the same period. By Day 20, the rank order of TPM transcripts was TPM1α > TPM1κ > TPM2α > TPM1μ > TPM3α > TPM4α. TPM1α was the dominant protein produced with some TPM2 and much less TPM1κ and μ. Interestingly, small amounts of two lower molecular weight TPM3 isoforms were detected on Day 15. To the best of our knowledge this is the first demonstration of TPM1μ non‐muscle isoform protein expression before and during cardiac differentiation.