bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between Helicobacter pylori infection status, endoscopic, histopathological findings, and cytokine production in the duodenum of Crohn's disease patients
Authors: Ando Takafumi , Watanabe Osamu , Ishiguro Kazuhiro , Maeda Osamu , Ishikawa Daisuke , Minami Masaaki , Hasegawa Motofusa , Kondo Shinya , Goto Yasuyuki , Ohmiya Naoki , Niwa Yasumasa , Goto Hidemi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground:  The chronic inflammatory process in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) may affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The pathogenesis of CD involves immunological abnormalities, including deficient or excessive expression of cytokines. We examined Helicobacter pylori infection status, endoscopic and histopathological findings, and cytokine production in the duodenum of CD patients in comparison with controls.Methods:  Thirty‐eight CD patients underwent diagnostic upper GI endoscopy. Twelve age‐ and sex‐matched health checkup examinees were used as controls. H. pylori infection status was assessed by the 13C‐urea breath test. At the time of endoscopy, two biopsy specimens each were obtained from the second portion of the duodenum, one for hematoxylin‐eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis with anti‐CD68 antibody, and one for in vitro organ culture. Interleukin (IL)‐6 and ‐8 levels were measured in organ culture supernatant by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results:  H. pylori infection was significantly (P < 0.05) more frequent in controls (42%) than in CD patients (8%). In the duodenum, erosions or ulcers were more frequent in CD patients (53%) than in controls (8%). Mononuclear cell infiltration in the duodenum was more severe in CD patients than in controls and IL‐6 production was higher, whereas IL‐8 production showed no significant difference. CD68+ cells in the duodenum were more prominent in CD patients than in controls.Conclusions:  H. pylori infection is unlikely in CD patients, but they show immunological abnormalities in the duodenum, possibly from innate immune responses.
Identification of the expression profile of apoptotic esophageal cancer cells by adenoviral‐fragile histidine triad treatment
Authors: Mimori Koshi , Ishii Hideshi , Inoue Hiroshi , Barnard Graham F , Mori Masaki 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground:  The fragile histidine triad (FHIT) functions as a tumor suppressor, and giving adenoviral‐FHIT (Ad‐FHIT) is thus expected to be clinically beneficial. Much attention has recently been focused on which genes are commonly regulated by Ad‐FHIT, and which genes are dominant in Ad‐FHIT‐induced apoptotic cells.Methods:  Ad‐FHIT apoptosis‐induced cells (H1299 and TE4) and non‐apoptosis‐induced cells (TE2) were used in the current experiments. The total RNA extracted from Ad‐FHIT or control was labeled with Cy3‐dCTP or Cy5‐dCTP and hybridized with 19 192 genes on a chip. A microarray analysis for each gene was carried out with high reproducibility provided by seven independent experiments and duplicated oligos on a chip.Results:  We listed the upregulated genes based on the TE4:TE2 expression ratio, such as c‐Src, Jak‐1, and sialyltransferase, which are expected to be target pathways as well as the downregulated genes, including CASP8 and CASP10, after Ad‐FHIT treatment in esophageal cancer.Conclusions:  The current microarray analysis indicated that the apoptosis of esophageal cancer observed after giving Ad‐FHIT was possibly induced by activation of the c‐Src gene and inactivation of the CASP8 gene.
Increased intestinal expression of heme oxygenase‐1 and its localization in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Takagi Tomohisa , Naito Yuji , Mizushima Katsura , Nukigi Yayoi , Okada Hitomi , Suzuki Takahiro , Hirata Ikuhiro , Omatsu Tatsushi , Okayama Tetsuya , Handa Osamu , Kokura Satoshi , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Yoshikawa Toshikazu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground:  Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) is regarded as a sensitive and reliable indicator of cellular oxidative stress. Two end products of heme degradation, carbon monoxide (CO) and bilirubin, are involved in the protective role of HO‐1 against oxidative injury. We have demonstrated enhanced expression of this enzyme and increased concentration of CO in experimental models of colitis, but the role of HO‐1 in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) has not been extensively investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine the intestinal levels and localization of ho‐1 mRNA and HO‐1 protein in patients with UC.Methods:  Eighteen patients with UC and 13 patients with colon cancer were prospectively selected from subjects who underwent colonoscopy. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the inflamed mucosa of UC patients and from the normal mucosa at least 5 cm from the margin of carcinoma. The expression of ho‐1 mRNA was assayed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The colonic expression of HO‐1 was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting using a monoclonal antibody against HO‐1.Results:  The expression of ho‐1 mRNA and HO‐1 protein was significantly increased in the colonic mucosa of patients with active UC compared with normal mucosa. In the patients with active UC, mononuclear cells in the submucosa of the colon were positive for HO‐1, and there was negligible staining in the epithelial cells.Conclusion:  The present findings are evidence of the induction of HO‐1 in the colon of UC patients.
Microcirculatory alteration in low‐grade gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoma by Helicobacter heilmannii infection: Its relation to vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase‐2
Authors: Nakamura Masahiko , Takahashi Shinichi , Matsui Hidenori , Murayama Somay Yamagata , Aikawa Chihiro , Sekiya Yukie , Nishikawa Kaori , Matsumoto Tsukasa , Yamada Haruki , Tsuchimoto Kanji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground:  There are clinical reports that Helicobacter heilmannii, as well as Helicobacter pylori, has been clinically reported to cause gastric low‐grade mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue‐type (MALT) lymphoma, although its precise mechanism remains to be clarified. Thus, the present study was undertaken to elucidate the alteration of the microcirculatory structure and the relation to angiogenetic factors in mice infected with H. heilmannii for 3 and 6 months.Methods:  Immunohistochemical studies have been performed by FITC‐dextran intra‐aortic infusion or CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor‐A, cyclooxygenase 2 antibodies using our recently established model of gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue‐type gastric B‐cell lymphoma in C57BL/6 mice.Results:  Increased microcirculatory network was recognized surrounding the MALT lymphoma tissues by both the FITC‐dextran infusion method and CD31 immunoreactivity. Vascular endothelial growth factor‐A immunoreactivity was recognized within the lymphoma tissues as well as in the marginal area, while cyclooxygense‐2 immunoreactivity was localized in the area surrounding the MALT lymphoma tissues.Conclusion:  Increased microvascular network as well as enhanced VEGF‐A immunoreactivity was shown to be related to expansion of the MALT lymphoma formed by Helicobacter heilmannii infection.
Protective effect of sulfhydryl‐containing antioxidants against ischemia/reperfusion injury of prepubertal rat intestine
Authors: Tunc Turan , Öter Sükrü , Güven Ahmet , Topal Turgut , Kul Mustafa , Korkmaz Ahmet , Öngürü Önder , Sarici Ümit 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Reactive oxygen species generated during reperfusion of the tissue are known to play an important role in the basic pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the protective effects of three sulfide‐based antioxidants, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), erdosteine (ERD), and α‐lipoic acid (LA), on I/R injury of the small intestine tissue.Methods:  Forty male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing between 100–150 g were divided into five groups (n = 8 for each): control (sham operated), I/R, I/R + NAC, I/R + ERD, and I/R + LA. Intestinal ischemia was provided by occluding the superior mesenteric artery via a special microvascular clamp; ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 3 days were carried out. Ileal specimens were obtained to determine the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl contents (PCO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and histological changes.Results:  The rats subjected to intestinal I/R exhibited an increase in tissue MDA and PCO; the levels could hardly be ameliorated in the treatment groups. SOD and GPx activities were significantly decreased in the I/R group, whereas their reduction was less expressed in the treatment groups. Additionally, the histopathological injury scores of the disulfide‐treated groups were lower than those of the I/R group.Conclusion:  All of the sulfhydryl‐containing antioxidants used in this study exhibited a significant role in attenuating intestinal I/R injury; however, the outcome of the LA‐treated group was significantly marked than that of the others.
Comparison of double‐layered and covered Niti‐S stents for palliation of malignant dysphagia
Authors: Kim Eun Soo , Jeon Seong Woo , Park Soo Young , Cho Chang Min , Tak Won Young , Kweon Young Oh , Kim Sung Kook , Choi Yong Hwan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Covered metal stents have been accepted as the treatment of choice for malignant dysphagia caused by esophageal and gastric cardia cancer, but stent migration is a major shortcoming. A double‐layered Niti‐S stent was therefore introduced to obviate this problem. We aimed to compare double‐layered and covered Niti‐S stents regarding safety, efficacy, and feasibility in the treatment of malignant dysphagia.Methods:  Thirty‐seven consecutive patients with malignant dysphagia due to inoperable esophageal or gastric cardia cancer were enrolled in a prospective, randomized study. The main outcomes were technical success, improvement in dysphagia score after stent insertion, and complications.Results:  Technical success was achieved at a similar rate in both groups (covered, 19/19 [100%]vs double layered, 16/17 [94%]). A week after stent insertion, the mean dysphagia score improved significantly in the covered and double‐layered groups compared to baseline (from 2.95 ± 0.52 and 2.88 ± 0.33 to 1.00 ± 0.47 and 1.06 ± 0.24, respectively; P < 0.001). There was no difference in the survival of the patients in the two groups. The overall complications, including stent migration and tumor overgrowth, occurred more frequently with covered stents (11/19 [58%]) than double‐layered stents (2/17 [12%]; P = 0.006).Conclusion:  Newly‐developed, self‐expanding metal stents, (covered and double‐layered Niti‐S stents) were equally effective and feasible treatments for malignant dysphagia. However, double‐layered Niti‐S stents are preferable due to their favorable safety profile.
Effects of uroguanylin on natriuresis in experimental nephrotic rats
Authors: BABA AKIKO , FUJIMOTO SHOUICHI , KIKUCHI MASAO , KITA TOSHIHIRO , KITAMURA KAZUO 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYAim:  Uroguanylin, isolated from human and opossum urine, is a candidate intestinal natriuretic hormone that controls the sodium and water balance between the intestine and the kidneys. Levels of immunoreactive (ir)‐uroguanylin in the plasma and urine are increased in rats and humans with nephrotic syndrome, which is physiologically characterized by sodium retention with massive proteinuria. The present study evaluates the effect of natriuresis induced by uroguanylin on nephrotic rats.Methods:  Normal rats and rats rendered nephrotic by injections of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) were treated with uroguanylin (0.5 nmol/h, delivered by an osmotic pump) or with vehicle during the sodium retention phase. All rats consumed the same quantity of sodium.Results:  Uroguanylin did not increase urinary excretion of sodium and water in normal rats, but significantly increased urinary sodium excretion during the sodium retention phase in nephrotic rats (untreated vs uroguanylin‐treated nephrotic rats in mmol/mmol creatinine; 2.92 ± 0.65 vs 8.93 ± 2.53 on day 6, P < 0.05; 3.55 ± 0.47 vs 10.37 ± 1.73 on day 7, P < 0.01; 14.88 ± 2.32 vs 24.47 ± 2.86 on day 8, P < 0.05). Plasma levels of ir‐uroguanylin in uroguanylin‐treated nephrotic rats on day 6 were significantly increased compared with those in uroguanylin‐treated control and untreated nephrotic rats.Conclusion:  Uroguanylin increased urinary sodium excretion in rats with PAN‐induced nephrosis, and might be useful for treating sodium retention in patients with nephrotic syndrome.
Effects of a 10‐week weight control program on obese patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: A 12‐month follow up
Authors: Chen Chih‐Ken , Chen Yi‐Chih , Huang Yu‐Shu 
Published: December 2008

Aims:  Weight gain secondary to antipsychotic medication is associated with many serious conditions, including type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary heart disease, and also with poor medication compliance. Weight control programs may be of benefit to outpatients with schizophrenia, but also raise an issue of cost‐effectiveness. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 10‐week weight control program for outpatients taking atypical antipsychotics for treatment of schizophrenia, and to follow up the effects of this weight control program in controlling weight gain after termination of the program.Methods:  A total of 33 patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic‐related obesity were enrolled in a 10‐week multimodal weight control program. The patients' weights were recorded at baseline, week 4, week 8, week 10 (end of the intervention), week 12, week 24, and week 48. Secondary measures included blood sugar levels, cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, quality of life and mental health.Results:  For those who completed the weight control program, there was a mean weight loss of 2.1 kg by the end of the intervention, 3.7 kg over 6 months, and 2.7 kg over 12 months. The mean body mass index decreased by 0.8, 1.5 and 1.1 at week 10, week 24 and week 48, respectively, all with statistical significance.Conclusions:  The 10‐week weight control program was effective in terms of weight reduction among obese patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, and the weight reduction effect lasted for up to 6 months, and up to 12 months in some cases.
Neuropathy is associated with depression independently of health‐related quality of life in Japanese patients with diabetes
Authors: Yoshida Sumiko , Hirai Masashi , Suzuki Susumu , Awata Shuichi , Oka Yoshitomo 
Published: December 2008

Objectives:  To identify factors independently associated with depression in Japanese patients with diabetes, after controlling for potential confounding factors.Methods:  Among 197 outpatients with diabetes, 129 (type 1: 24, type 2: 105) completed a questionnaire concerning socio‐demographic and health‐related variables. Depression screening was done using Zung's Self‐Rating Depression Scale test, followed by diagnostic interviews by experienced psychiatrists employing the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM‐IV).Results:  Forty‐seven patients (36.4%) had symptomatological depression. A Self‐Rating Depression Scale cut‐off score of 40 had good sensitivity (100%) and modest specificity (59%) for detecting major depressive episode, in accordance with the DSM‐IV. Diabetic patients suffering from depression were more likely to have neuropathy, retinopathy, body pain, a feeling of poor general health, and lack of social support, than the non‐depressed patients. However, age, gender, marital status, diabetes type, insulin requirement, duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and the presence of nephropathy did not differ between the two groups. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, body pain (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.31–8.08) and the presence of microvascular complications (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.13–6.98) were independent factors associated with depression. Specifically, diabetic neuropathy (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.17–8.22) was associated with depression independently of age, gender, marital status, social supports, quality of life, diabetes type, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, and insulin requirement.Conclusions:  A diabetic complication, specifically neuropathy, was independently associated with depression in patients with diabetes. The present findings indicate the need to find a biological base common to both depression in diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.
Health service utilization in patients with major depression and co‐morbid pain
Authors: Alvarenga Marlies E , Caniato Riccardo N , Mauritz Anika , Braun Anja , Aljeesh Yousef , Baune Bernhard T 
Published: December 2008

Aims:  Patients with depression often have co‐morbid pain symptoms. However, rates of service utilization by psychiatric in‐patients with co‐morbid pain symptoms are unknown. The purpose of this study is to estimate whether patients with major depression and co‐morbid pain access medical treatment for their pain as much as their counterparts with psychiatric diagnoses other than major depression.Methods:  A total of 103 patients (62 female; 41 male) were assessed for a diagnosis of major depression applying a psychiatric clinical interview followed by a self‐report pain questionnaire, which assessed physical pain in psychiatric patients.Results:  Patients with major depression reported higher rates of pain symptoms in the past 6 and 12 months than their counterparts with a psychiatric diagnosis other than major depression. Analysis of variance showed that patients with depression were less likely to attend medical and specialist services for their pain symptoms than their counterparts. On the contrary, depressed patients with pain attended more frequently general in‐patient services than non‐depressed patients with pain.Conclusions:  Patients with depression suffer high rates of pain symptoms, but are at higher risk of not accessing appropriate services suggesting inadequate service utilization. The results have implications for screening and health care delivery for psychiatric patients with pain.
Effect of Extended‐Release Naltrexone (XR‐NTX) on Quality of Life in Alcohol‐Dependent Patients
Authors: Pettinati Helen M. , Gastfriend David R. , Dong Qunming , Kranzler Henry R. , O’Malley Stephanie S. 
Published: December 2008

Background:  Extended‐release naltrexone (XR‐NTX) is a once‐a‐month injectable formulation for the treatment of alcohol dependence previously shown to reduce drinking and heavy drinking relative to placebo (Garbutt et al., 2005). A 24‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study established the efficacy and safety of XR‐NTX in this patient population. In this report, the effect of XR‐NTX on quality of life (QOL) was examined.Methods:  Alcohol‐dependent patients were randomly assigned to receive XR‐NTX 380 mg (N = 205), XR‐NTX 190 mg (N = 210), or placebo (N = 209), combined with a standardized psychosocial intervention. QOL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item short‐form health survey, administered at baseline and at 4‐week intervals during 24 weeks of treatment.Results:  Compared with U.S. population norms, patients showed initial impairment in the health‐related QOL domains of mental health, social functioning, and problems with work or other daily activities due to emotional problems. Adherence to all 6 injections was 65% for XR‐NTX 190 mg, 63% for XR‐NTX 380 mg, and 64% for placebo. Generalized estimating equations analyses using an intention‐to‐treat sample revealed that XR‐NTX 380 mg was associated with significantly greater improvements from baseline in mental health (p = 0.0496), social functioning (p = 0.010), general health (p = 0.048), and physical functioning (p = 0.028), compared with placebo. Linear regression analyses revealed that reductions from baseline in drinking (percentage of drinking days and percentage of heavy drinking days in the last 30 days) were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with improvements in quality of life.Conclusion:  Extended‐release naltrexone 380 mg in combination with psychosocial intervention was associated with improvements in QOL, specifically in the domains of mental health, social functioning, general health, and physical functioning.
Overweight and Obesity in Old Age Are Not Associated with Greater Dementia Risk
Authors: Dahl Anna K. , Löppönen Minna , Isoaho Raimo , Berg Stig , Kivelä Sirkka‐Liisa 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVES: To describe the association between body mass index (BMI) and dementia risk in older persons.DESIGN: Prospective population‐based study, with 8 years of follow‐up.SETTING: The municipality of Lieto, Finland, 1990/91 and 1998/99.PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred five men and women without dementia aged 65 to 92 at baseline (mean age 70.8).MEASUREMENTS: Weight and height were measured at baseline and at the 8‐year follow‐up. Dementia was clinically assessed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria.RESULTS: Eighty‐six persons were diagnosed with dementia. Cox regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, education, cardiovascular diseases, smoking, and alcohol use, indicated that, for each unit increase in BMI score, the risk of dementia decreased 8% (hazard ratio (HR)=0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.87–0.97). This association remained significant when individuals who developed dementia early during the first 4 years of follow‐up were excluded from the analyses (HR=0.93, 95% CI=0.86–0.99). Women with high BMI scores had a lower dementia risk (HR=0.90, 95% CI=0.84–0.96). Men with high BMI scores also tended to have a lower dementia risk, although the association did not reach significance (HR=0.95, 95% CI=0.84–1.07).CONCLUSION: Older persons with higher BMI scores have less dementia risk than their counterparts with lower BMI scores. High BMI scores in late life should not necessarily be considered to be a risk factor for dementia.
The Effect of Technology‐Supported, Multidisease Care Management on the Mortality and Hospitalization of Seniors
Authors: Dorr David A. , Wilcox Adam B. , Brunker Cherie P. , Burdon Rachel E. , Donnelly Steven M. 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVES: To explore changes in mortality and hospital usage for chronically ill seniors enrolled in a multidisease care management program, Care Management Plus (CMP).DESIGN: Controlled clinical trial with seven intervention and six control clinics with additional patient‐level matching.SETTING: Intermountain Health Care, a large health system in Utah; seven intervention and six control clinics.PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand four hundred thirty‐two senior patients (≥65) enrolled in Medicare.INTERVENTION: The intervention employed nurse care managers supported by specialized information technology in primary care to manage chronically ill patients (2002–2005).MEASUREMENTS: Mortality and hospitalization data were collected from clinical records and Medicare billing.RESULTS: One thousand one hundred forty‐four intervention patients were matched to 2,288 controls. Average age was 76.2; average comorbidity score was 2.3±1.1; 75% of patients had two or more chronic diseases. Survival analyses showed lower mortality and slightly more emergency department visits for care managed patients than for controls. In patients with diabetes mellitus, the intervention resulted in significantly lower mortality at 1 year (6.2%, vs 10.6% for controls) and at 2 years (12.9% vs 18.2%). Hospitalization rate was lower (21.0%, vs. 24.2% for controls) at 1 year and substantially more so at the 2‐year follow‐up.CONCLUSION: CMP was successful in reducing death for all patients. For complex patients with diabetes mellitus in the intervention group, death and hospital usage were lower. Per clinic, hypothesized savings from decreased hospitalizations was $17,384 to $70,349.