bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Germline mutations 657del5 of the NBS1 gene contribute significantly to the incidence of breast cancer in Central Poland
Authors: Steffen Jan , Nowakowska Dorota , Niwińska Anna , Czapczak Dorota , Kluska Anna , Piątkowska Magdalena , Wiśniewska Alicja , Paszko Zygmut 
Published: May 2006

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that heterozygous carriers of the NBS1 657del5 mutation have an increased risk for familial and bilateral breast cancer, but similar studies in consecutive breast cancer patients were inconclusive. Here, in a study of 562 nonselected breast cancer patients from Central Poland, we found 11 (1.96%) 657del5 mutation carriers vs. 3.47 expected (OR 3.21, 95%CI: 1.36–7.61, p = 0.0107) and only 9 (1.6%) carriers of the 5382insC mutation of the BRCA1 gene, most frequently found among breast cancer patients in Poland. No carriers of R215W, another pathogenic mutation of the NBS1 gene, were found in the present study. All carriers of the 657del5 mutation had sporadic breast tumors while 5 of 9 5382insC carriers had a family history of breast/ovarian cancer or bilateral breast carcinoma. In the pooled group of patients from the present and our previous study, carried out also in patients from Central Poland, we obtained the following risk estimates (OR) for 657del5 carriers, as related to the age at breast cancer diagnosis: <40 years: 8.36; (95%CI: 2.57–27.27) p = 0.0003; <50 years: 4.27 (95%CI: 1.67–10.89) p = 0.003; ≥50 years: 2.40 (95%CI: 0.91–6.35) p = 0.1250; all ages: 3.13 (95% CI: 1.40–7.00) p = 0.0066. These findings demonstrate conclusively that NBS1 657del5 mutation carriers have a significantly, though moderately increased, age‐related risk of breast cancer, and imply that in populations with a high 657del5 carrier frequency this mutation may contribute substantially to the overall incidence of breast cancer, particularly in younger age groups. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of cell adhesion changes on proliferation and survival during prostate cancer development and progression
Authors: Knudsen Beatrice S. , Miranti Cindy K. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn the normal prostate epithelium, androgen receptor (AR) negative basal epithelial cells adhere to the substratum, while AR expressing secretory cells lose substratum adhesion. In contrast, prostate cancer cells both express AR and adhere to a tumor basement membrane. In this review, we describe the differential expression of integrins, growth factor receptors (GFRs), and AR in normal and cancerous epithelium. In addition, we discuss how signals from integrins, GFRs, and AR are integrated to regulate the proliferation and survival of normal and malignant prostate epithelial cells. While cell adhesion is likely of great importance when considering therapeutic approaches for treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, no data on integrin expression are available from tissues of prostate cancer metastasis. However, several drug targets that are upregulated after androgen ablative therapy regulate cell adhesion and thus novel targeted therapies indirectly interfere with cell adhesion mechanisms in prostate cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 345–361, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II may trigger illegitimate recombination in living cells: Experiments with a model system
Authors: Umanskaya Olga N. , Lebedeva Svetlana S. , Gavrilov Alexey A. , Bystritskiy Andrey A. , Razin Sergey V. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe have developed a plasmid test system to study recombination in vitro and in mammalian cells in vivo, and to analyze the possible role of DNA topoisomerase II. The system is based on a plasmid construct containing an inducible marker gene ccdB (“killer” (KIL) gene) whose product is lethal for bacterial cells, flanked by two different potentially recombinogenic elements. The plasmids were subjected to recombinogenic conditions in vitro or in vivo after transient transfection into COS‐1 cells, and subsequently transformed into E. coli which was then grown in the presence of the ccdB gene inducer. Hence, all viable colonies contained recombinant plasmids since only recombination between the flanking regions could remove the KIL gene. Thus, it was possible to detect recombination events and to estimate their frequency. We found that the frequency of topoisomerase II‐mediated recombination in vivo is significantly higher than in a minimal in vitro system. The presence of VM‐26, an inhibitor of the religation step of the topoisomerase II reaction, increased the recombination frequency by 60%. We propose that cleavable complexes of topoisomerase II are either not religated, triggering error‐prone repair of the DNA breaks, or are incorrectly religated resulting in strand exchange. We also studied the influence of sequences known to contain preferential breakpoints for recombination in vivo after chemotherapy with topoisomerase II‐targeting drugs, but no preferential stimulation of recombination by these sequences was detected in this non‐chromosomal context. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 598–608, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the volatile components of Cheddar cheese by direct thermal desorption‐GC×GC‐TOF/MS
Authors: Gogus Fahrettin , Ozel Mustafa Z. , Lewis Alastair C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractVolatile compounds were isolated from Cheddar cheese using direct thermal desorption (DTD) and analysed using comprehensive 2‐D GC (GC×GC) coupled with TOF MS (TOF/MS). In total 12 aldehydes, 13 acids, 13 ketones, 5 alcohols, 3 hydrocarbons and 9 miscellaneous compounds were identified at desorption temperatures of 100, 150, 200 and 250°C using mature Cheddar cheese. A temperature of 150°C was found to be optimum for the DTD of volatiles from mature Cheddar cheese. The major components were acetic acid, butanoic acid, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone and 2,3‐butanediol. A DTD temperature of 150°C was used to observe the effect of maturation (mild, medium or mature) on the volatiles of Cheddar cheese. The major components of the volatiles of mild, medium and mature Cheddar cheese were almost the same. However, their percentage compositions were found to change with the stage of maturity. DTD is simple, fast and requires only a small amount of sample (approximately 10 mg) and works well with comprehensive GC×GC‐TOF/MS. Comprehensive GC also separated a number of components which remained overlapped on the single column, such as octane and hexanal.
Propeller EPI in the other direction
Authors: Skare Stefan , Newbould Rexford D. , Clayton Dave B. , Bammer Roland 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA new propeller EPI pulse sequence with reduced sensitivity to field inhomogeneities is proposed. Image artifacts such as blurring due to Nyquist ghosting and susceptibility gradients are investigated and compared with those obtained in previous propeller EPI studies. The proposed propeller EPI sequence uses a readout that is played out along the short axis of the propeller blade, orthogonal to the readout used in previous propeller methods. In contrast to long‐axis readout propeller EPI, this causes the echo spacing between two consecutive phase‐encoding (PE) lines to decrease, which in turn increases the k‐space velocity in this direction and hence the pseudo‐bandwidth. Long‐ and short‐axis propeller EPI, and standard single‐shot EPI sequences were compared on phantoms and a healthy volunteer. Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) was also performed on the volunteer. Short‐axis propeller EPI produced considerably fewer image artifacts compared to the other two sequences. Further, the oblique blades for the long‐axis propeller EPI were also prone to one order of magnitude higher residual ghosting than the proposed short‐axis propeller EPI. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disease progression in recently diagnosed patients with inherited marrow failure syndromes: A Canadian inherited marrow failure registry (CIMFR) report
Authors: Steele J.M. , Sung L. , Klaassen R. , Fernandez C.V. , Yanofsky R. , Wu J. , Odame I. , Silva M. , Champagne J. , Ali K. , Brossard J. , Samson Y. , Abish S. , Le D. , Jardine L. , Hand J.P. , Lipton J.H. , Charpentier K. , Stephens D. , Freedman M. , Dror Y. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundInherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IMFSs) are genetic disorders characterized by defective single‐lineage or multi‐lineage hematopoiesis. IMFS patients are at risk for severe cytopenias, development of marrow cytogenetic abnormalities (MCA), myelodysplasia (MDS), and malignancy. The rate of disease progression and proportion of patients at risk for these complications is currently unclear. We examined recently diagnosed IMFS patients to determine distribution of diagnoses, disease progression and development of significant outcomes.MethodsThe CIMFR is a prospective multi‐center study established in 2001 to register all IMFS patients in Canada. Analysis was restricted to patients diagnosed after November 30, 1997. Summary statistics were used to depict the study population while survival was described using the Kaplan–Meier method.Results74 CIMFR patients were considered recently diagnosed. Median age at diagnosis was 2.7 years (range, birth to 40.6). Annual follow‐up data were available for 53 (72%) patients. The five most prevalent diagnoses were Fanconi anemia (FA), Shwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS), Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA), dyskeratosis congenita (DKC), and Kostmann's neutropenia (KS). Eighteen (24%) patients were unclassifiable. Twenty‐eight (53%) follow‐up patients had disease progression as indicated by new or worsening cytopenias, new marrow changes, or initiation of transfusion support and/or medical therapy. Fourteen (19%) fulfilled minimal diagnostic criteria for myelodysplasia. Eleven patients had hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) by first follow‐up. Five patients have died. Survival at 36 months is 89.8 ± 5.7%.ConclusionsIMFS patients are often diagnosed at a young age. The relative distribution of diagnoses is similar to previous reviews of published cases; however, 25% of patients are currently unclassifiable. Disease progression has occurred in approximately 50% of follow‐up patients. Early mortality is noted. Continued prospective observation of these patients is warranted. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous determination of amphetamines and ketamines in urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Lin Huei Ru , Lua Ahai Chang 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA method for the simultaneous determination of amphetamines and ketamines (ketamine, norketamine and dehydronorketamine) in urine samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was developed and validated. Urine samples were extracted with organic solvent and derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA). The limits of detection and limits of quantification for each analyte were lower than 19 and 30 ng/mL, respectively. Within‐day and between‐day precisions were within 0.5% and 10.6%, respectively. Biases for three levels of control samples were within −10.6% and +7.8%. The concentration of dehydronorketamine was greater than those of ketamine or norketamine in 19 of 35 ketamine‐positive samples. A group of 110 human urine samples previously determined to contain at least one of the target analytes was analyzed using the new method, and excellent agreement was observed with previous results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of heat‐induced degradation products from purified betanin, phyllocactin and hylocerenin by high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Herbach Kirsten M. , Stintzing Florian C. , Carle Reinhold 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2005; 19: 2603–2616
THE DISTRIBUTION OF CONSECUTIVE CLOSED BIRTH INTERVALS IN FEMALES IN UTTAR PRADESH
Authors: YADAVA R. C. , SHARMA S. S. 
Published: May 2006

Summary.Most studies of closed birth intervals are regarding their variation at specific orders among females. This paper attempts to study the nature of the distributions of consecutive closed birth intervals. Data from the Uttar Pradesh National Family Health Survey 1998–99 (NFHS-2) were analysed. It was found that, under certain assumptions, the postpartum amenorrhoea period and menstruating interval are negatively associated, indicating that socio-cultural factors are affecting the menstruating interval.
Linear dynamics of wind waves in coupled turbulent air—water flow. Part 1. Theory
Authors: Belcher S. E. , Harris J. A. , Street R. L. 
Published: May 2006

When air blows over water the wind exerts a stress at the interface thereby inducing in the water a sheared turbulent drift current. We present scaling arguments showing that, if a wind suddenly starts blowing, then the sheared drift current grows in depth on a timescale that is larger than the wave period, but smaller than a timescale for wave growth. This argument suggests that the drift current can influence growth of waves of wavelength λ that travel parallel to the wind at speedc.In narrow ‘inner’ regions either side of the interface, turbulence in the air and water flows is close to local equilibrium; whereas above and below, in ‘outer’ regions, the wave alters the turbulence through rapid distortion. The depth scale,la, of the inner region in the air flow increases withc/u*a(u*ais the unperturbed friction velocity in the wind). And so we classify the flow into different regimes according to the ratiola/λ. We show that different turbulence models are appropriate for the different flow regimes.When (u*a+c)/UB(λ) [Lt ] 1 (UB(z) is the unperturbed wind speed)lais much smaller than λ. In this limit, asymptotic solutions are constructed for the fully coupled turbulent flows in the air and water, thereby extending previous analyses of flow over irrotational water waves. The solutions show that, as in calculations of flow over irrotational waves, the air flow is asymmetrically displaced around the wave by a non-separated sheltering effect, which tends to make the waves grow. But coupling the air flow perturbations to the turbulent flow in the water reduces the growth rate of the waves by a factor of about two. This reduction is caused by two distinct mechanisms. Firstly, wave growth is inhibited because the turbulent water flow is also asymmetrically displaced around the wave by non-separated sheltering. According to our model, this first effect is numerically small, but much larger erroneous values can be obtained if the rapid-distortion mechanism is not accounted for in the outer region of the water flow. (For example, we show that if the mixing-length model is used in the outer region all waves decay!) Secondly, non-separated sheltering in the air flow (and hence the wave growth rate) is reduced by the additional perturbations needed to satisfy the boundary condition that shear stress is continuous across the interface.
NMR structures of paramagnetic metalloproteins
Authors: Arnesano Fabio , Banci Lucia , Piccioli Mario 
Published: May 2006

1. Introduction 1681.1 Genomic annotation of metalloproteins 1681.2 Why NMR structures? 1681.3 Why paramagnetic metalloproteins? 1692. General theory 1702.1 Nuclear and electron spins 1702.2 Hyperfine coupling 1712.3 The effect of the hyperfine coupling on the NMR shift: the hyperfine shift 1732.4 The effect of the hyperfine coupling on nuclear relaxation 1742.5 Interplay between electron spin properties and features of the NMR spectra 1783. Paramagnetism-based structural restraints 1803.1 Contact shifts and relaxation rates as restraints 1813.2 Locating the metal ion within the protein frame: pseudocontact shifts 1843.3 Cross-correlation rates 1863.4 Residual dipolar couplings 1883.5 Interplay between different restraints 1904. NMR without1H detection 1914.1 The protocol for 13C-detected protonless assignment of backbone and side-chains 1944.2 Protonless heteronuclear NMR experiments tailored to paramagnetic systems 1965. The use of lanthanides as paramagnetic probes 1986. The case of Cu(II) proteins 2027. Perspectives 2088. Acknowledgments 2099. References 209Metalloproteins represent a large share of the proteome and many of them contain paramagnetic metal ions. The knowledge, at atomic resolution, of their structure in solution is important to understand processes in which they are involved, such as electron transfer mechanisms, enzymatic reactions, metal homeostasis and metal trafficking, as well as interactions with their partners. Formerly considered as unfeasible, the first structure in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of a paramagnetic protein was obtained in 1994. Methodological and instrumental advancements pursued over the last decade are such that NMR structure of paramagnetic proteins may be now routinely obtained. We focus here on approaches and problems related to the structure determination of paramagnetic proteins in solution through NMR spectroscopy. After a survey of the background theory, we show how the effects produced by the presence of a paramagnetic metal ion on the NMR parameters, which are in many cases deleterious for the detection of NMR spectra, can be overcome and turned into an additional source of structural restraints. We also briefly address features and perspectives given by the use of 13C-detected protonless NMR spectroscopy for proteins in solution. The structural information obtained through the exploitation of a paramagnetic center are discussed for some Cu2+-binding proteins and for Ca2+-binding proteins, where the replacement of a diamagnetic metal ion with suitable paramagnetic metal ions suggests novel approaches to the structural characterization of proteins containing diamagnetic and NMR-silent metal ions.
Query Chem: a Google-powered web search combining text and chemical structures
Authors: Klekota Justin , Roth Frederick P. , Schreiber Stuart L. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Summary: Query Chem () is a Web program that integrates chemical structure and text-based searching using publicly available chemical databases and Google's Web Application Program Interface (API). Query Chem makes it possible to search the Web for information about chemical structures without knowing their common names or identifiers. Furthermore, a structure can be combined with textual query terms to further restrict searches. Query Chem's search results can retrieve many interesting structure–property relationships of biomolecules on the Web.
Contact: Klekota@gmail.com
Alcohol use in families: a 15‐year prospective follow‐up study
Authors: Seljamo Sami , Aromaa Minna , Koivusilta Leena , Rautava Päivi , Sourander Andre , Helenius Hans , Sillanpää Matti 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTAims  To study the prevalence of adolescents’ problematic alcohol use and its parental predictors: drinking habits and socio‐demographic factors.Design, setting, participants and measurements  Questionnaires were sent regularly to the same Finnish families (n = 1132) from the onset of pregnancy (in 1986–87) to the child’s age of 15 years (in 2001–02) (n = 1028). There was a total of three follow‐up points.Findings  At 15 years of age, 83% of girls and 79% of boys had used alcohol; 18% of boys and 14% of girls had been drunk more than once a month. The child’s permanent separation from at least one biological parent was the strongest socio‐demographic predictor of adolescents drinking. Fathers’ present heavy drinking and parental early drinking were the best predictors of their children’s problematic alcohol use at the age of 15.Conclusions  Knowledge of fathers’ alcohol use and its time of onset may be used to determine children who are at added risk of problematic alcohol use later in life. Special guidance, support and treatment can be targeted to these families.
Tobacco use after experiencing a major natural disaster: analysis of a longitudinal study of 2063 young adults
Authors: Parslow Ruth A. , Jorm Anthony F. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTAim  To identify the extent to which tobacco use is affected by experience of a natural disaster and resulting symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Design  Longitudinal community survey.Setting  Canberra, the national capital of Australia.Participation  A random selection of 2063 young adults participating in this project lived in a region affected by a major bushfire in 2003. They were first interviewed in 1999–2000 and re‐interviewed in 2003–4 after the bushfire had occurred.Measurements  Changes in participants’ level of consumption of tobacco over a 4‐year period were calculated. When interviewed after the disaster, participants answered questions concerning their experience of traumatic events, their immediate emotional response during the disaster and their fire‐related PTSD symptoms of re‐experiencing and hyperarousal.Findings  Experience of traumatic events experienced during the disaster was associated with an increase in consumption of tobacco (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03–1.21). PTSD symptoms did not contribute independently to increased tobacco use after controlling for trauma experiences.Conclusions  These findings indicate that trauma experiences can trigger increased tobacco use in young adults regardless of whether such experiences result in PTSD symptoms. Public health information provided to communities and health‐care providers should note that increases in this preventable health risk may occur as a result of individuals experiencing trauma.
Paths to child social adjustment: parenting quality and children’s processing of social information
Authors: Haskett M. E. , Willoughby M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground  The purpose of this research was to examine the manner in which multiple influences on child social adjustment operated together to predict differential outcomes for young children. Specifically, this study was designed to (i) examine the role of social cognitive and emotional factors in parents’ observed and self‐reported behaviour towards their children, and (ii) investigate the impact of parenting and children’s social information processing (SIP) patterns on children’s subsequent social adjustment in the school setting.Methods  A model of children’s peer social adjustment was evaluated using a group of 166 children, over‐sampled for history of physical child abuse. Assessment of constructs was multi‐method, including parent and child self‐reports as well as teacher reports of child adjustment and observations of parent–child and child–peer interactions.Results  Using structural equation modelling, support was found for our theoretical model. Specifically, parents’ negative child‐related beliefs and clinical elevations in emotional distress were predictors of harsh, insensitive parenting, which in turn predicted children’s SIP operations and social maladjustment 6 months later. However, children’s SIP did not significantly predict their social adjustment above and beyond the impact of parenting.Conclusions  Results indicated that the quality of parenting that children received was more central to subsequent adjustment in peer interactions than were children’s SIP operations. Furthermore, the quality of parenting children experienced was closely linked to parents’ beliefs about their children and parents’ mental health status. Directions for future research and potential implications for clinical practice are discussed.