bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease in patients with breast cancer treated with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor following chemotherapy: Triangulation of evidence using population‐based cohort and Mendelian randomization analyses
Authors: Wang Yali , Cai Weifeng , He Peng , Cai Qindong , Huang Jinhua , Liu Shougui , Chen Minyan , Chen Lili , Lin Yuxiang , Hou Jialin , Li Jing , Fu Chengbin , Han Zhonghua , Han Hui , Lin Shunguo , Xu Chunsen , Fu Fangmeng , Wang Chuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) administration in patients with cancer and coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) remains controversial. Concerns exist that it may worsen COVID‐19 outcomes by triggering an inflammatory cytokine storm, despite its common use for managing chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia (CIN) or febrile neutropenia post‐chemotherapy. Here, we determined whether prophylactic or therapeutic G‐CSF administration following chemotherapy exacerbates COVID‐19 progression to severe/critical conditions in breast cancer patients with COVID‐19. Between December 2022 and February 2023, all 503 enrolled breast cancer patients had concurrent COVID‐19 and received G‐CSF post‐chemotherapy, with most being vaccinated pre‐chemotherapy. We prospectively observed COVID‐19‐related adverse outcomes, conducted association analyses, and subsequently performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to validate the causal effect of genetically predicted G‐CSF or its associated granulocyte traits on COVID‐19 adverse outcomes. Only 0.99% (5/503) of breast cancer patients experienced COVID‐19‐related hospitalization following prophylactic or therapeutic G‐CSF administration after chemotherapy. No mortality or progression to severe/critical COVID‐19 occurred after G‐CSF administration. Notably, no significant associations were observed between the application, dosage, or response to G‐CSF and COVID‐19‐related hospitalization (all p >.05). Similarly, the MR analyses showed no evidence of causality of genetically predicted G‐CSF or related granulocyte traits on COVID‐19‐related hospitalization or COVID‐19 severity (all p >.05). There is insufficient evidence to substantiate the notion that the prophylactic or therapeutic administration of G‐CSF after chemotherapy for managing CIN in patients with breast cancer and COVID‐19 would worsen COVID‐19 outcomes, leading to severe or critical conditions, or even death, especially considering the context of COVID‐19 vaccination.
Validation of the Revised Impact of Miscarriage Scale in the Republic of Burundi: A cross‐sectional multicenter study
Authors: Lundqvist‐Jansson Caroline , Igiraneza Patrick , Bazikamwe Sylvestre 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to translate and validate the Revised Impact of Miscarriage Scale (RIMS) into Kirundi for use among women and men in Burundi. Additionally, the study aimed to compare the experience and personal meaning of miscarriage between women and men.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional multicentered study. The RIMS was translated into Kirundi. Cronbach coefficient alpha and its internal consistency were measured for both genders. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to determine the underlying factors and the shared variance. Both women and men completed the RIMS questionnaire, while women completed sociodemographic, reproductive and mental health questions.ResultsIn all, 79 couples completed the RIMS. The original factor structure was retained after the EFA, with 68% of the shared variance explained in the three‐factor solution with 16 questions. Isolation/guilt, Loss of baby, and Devastating event. The internal consistency for women and men combined was α = 0.928. Although women scored higher on the factors of Isolation/guilt and Loss of baby, there were no significant differences in the Devastating event factor between women and men. Couples scores were positively correlated. Women who had experienced a previous miscarriage were more significantly impacted by all three factors compared to women experiencing their first miscarriage.ConclusionsThe Kirundi translation of the RIMS retained the original factor structure and demonstrated excellent internal consistency α = 0.928 in women and men combined. The RIMS could be a tool for caregivers to identify individuals who require additional support after a miscarriage.
Fake news detection in the Hindi language using multi‐modality via transfer and ensemble learning
Authors: Garg Sonal , Sharma Dilip Kumar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFake news classification emerged as an exciting topic for machine learning and artificial intelligence researchers. Most of the existing literature on fake news detection is based on the English language. Hence, it needs more usability. Fake news detection in low‐resource scare languages is still challenging due to the absence of large annotated datasets and tools. In this work, we propose a large‐scale Indian news dataset for the Hindi language. This dataset is constructed by scraping different reliable fact‐checking websites. The LDA approach is adopted to assign the category to news statements. Various machine‐learning and transfer learning approaches are applied to verify the authenticity of the dataset. Ensemble learning is also applied based on the low false‐positive rate of machine‐learning classifiers. A multi‐modal approach is adopted by combining LSTM with VGG‐16 and VGG‐19 classifiers. LSTM is used for textual features, while VGG‐16 and VGG‐19 are applied for image analysis. Our proposed dataset has achieved satisfactory performance.
Identification and forecasting of bull and bear markets using multivariate returns
Authors: Liu Jia , Maheu John M. , Song Yong 
Published: April 2024

SummaryBull and bear market identification generally focuses on a broad index of returns through a univariate analysis. This paper proposes a new approach to identify and forecast bull and bear markets through multivariate returns. The model assumes that all assets are directed by a common discrete state variable from a hierarchical Markov switching model. The hierarchical specification allows the cross‐section of state‐specific means and variances to differ over bull and bear markets. We investigate several empirically realistic specifications that permit feasible estimation even with 100 assets. Our results show that the multivariate framework provides competitive bull and bear regime identification and improves portfolio performance and density prediction compared with several benchmark models including univariate Markov switching models.
Non‐enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on palladium‐decorated poly(thionine) modified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Sönmez Çelebi Mutlu , Kırlak Kara Songül 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlassy carbon electrode was modified with palladium‐decorated conducting poly(thionine) film to develop a simple, cost‐effective, and fast amperometric sensor for the detection of H2O2. Conducting PTH film served as a porous and stable support matrix for even distribution of the Pd nanomaterials. In order to get the maximum performance from the modified electrode system, experimental conditions were optimized using chronoamperometry. The Pd/PTH@GCE electrode showed maximum performance in buffer solution at pH = 7.5 meaning it is suitable for the detection of H2O2 at physiological pH (7.4). Scanning Electron Microscopy was performed for physical characterization of the modified electrodes using pencil graphite electrodes. The active surface area for Pd/PTH‐modified GCE was calculated as 1.103 cm2. The linear concentration range was determined as 0.2–7.0 mM and its sensitivity was determined as 40.0 μA mM−1. The detection limit (LOD) of the sensor was calculated as 12.3 μM with a signal/noise ratio of 3.
Effect of liraglutide on thigh muscle fat and muscle composition in adults with overweight or obesity: Results from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pandey Ambarish , Patel Kershaw V. , Segar Matthew W. , Ayers Colby , Linge Jennifer , Leinhard Olof D. , Anker Stefan D. , Butler Javed , Verma Subodh , Joshi Parag H. , Neeland Ian J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundExcess muscle fat is observed in obesity and associated with greater burden of cardiovascular risk factors and higher risk of mortality. Liraglutide reduces total body weight and visceral fat but its effect on muscle fat and adverse muscle composition is unknown.MethodsThis is a pre‐specified secondary analysis of a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial that examined the effects of liraglutide plus a lifestyle intervention on visceral adipose tissue and ectopic fat among adults without diabetes with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 or ≥27 kg/m2 and metabolic syndrome. Participants were randomly assigned to a once‐daily subcutaneous injection of liraglutide (target dose 3.0 mg) or matching placebo for 40 weeks. Body fat distribution and muscle composition was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 40‐week follow‐up. Muscle composition was described by the combination of thigh muscle fat and muscle volume. Treatment difference (95% confidence intervals [CI]) was calculated by least‐square means adjusted for baseline thigh muscle fat. The association between changes in thigh muscle fat and changes in body weight were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients. The effect of liraglutide versus placebo on adverse muscle composition, denoted by high thigh muscle fat and low thigh muscle volume, was explored.ResultsAmong the 128 participants with follow‐up imaging (92.2% women, 36.7% Black), median muscle fat at baseline was 7.8%. The mean percent change in thigh muscle fat over median follow‐up of 36 weeks was −2.87% among participants randomized to liraglutide (n = 73) and 0.05% in the placebo group (absolute change: −0.23% vs. 0.01%). The estimated treatment difference adjusted for baseline thigh muscle fat was −0.24% (95% CI, −0.41 to −0.06, P‐value 0.009). Longitudinal change in thigh muscle fat was significantly associated with change in body weight in the placebo group but not the liraglutide group. The proportion of participants with adverse muscle composition decreased from 11.0% to 8.2% over follow‐up with liraglutide, but there was no change with placebo.ConclusionsIn a cohort of predominantly women with overweight or obesity in the absence of diabetes, once‐daily subcutaneous liraglutide was associated with a reduction in thigh muscle fat and adverse muscle composition compared with placebo. The contribution of muscle fat improvement to the cardiometabolic benefits of liraglutide requires further study.
Prenatal ultrasound findings and prenatal diagnosis of fetal skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Li Lili , Jin Xiaofei , Liu Suna , Fan Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the value of prenatal ultrasound and molecular testing in diagnosing fetal skeletal dysplasia (SD).MethodsClinical data, prenatal ultrasound data, and molecular results of pregnant women with fetal SD were collected in the ultrasound department of our clinic from May 2019 to December 2021.ResultsA total of 40 pregnant women with fetal SD were included, with 82.5% exhibiting short limb deformity, followed by 25.0% with central nervous system malformations, 17.50% with facial malformations, 15% with cardiac malformations, and 12.5% with urinary system malformations. The genetic testing positive rate was 70.0% (28/40), with 92.8% (26/28) being single‐gene disorders due to mutations in FGFR3, COL1A1, COL1A2, EVC2, FLNB, LBR, and TRPV4 genes. The most common SD subtypes were osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), thanatophoric dysplasia (TD), and achondroplasia (ACH). The gestational age (GA) at initial diagnosis for TD, OI, and ACH was 16.6, 20.9, and 28.3 weeks, respectively (p < 0.05), with no significant difference in femoral shortening between the three groups (p > 0.05). Of the OI cases, 5 out of 12 had a family history.ConclusionShort limb deformity is the most prevalent phenotype of SD. When fetal SD is suspected, detailed ultrasound screening should be conducted, combined with GA at initial diagnosis, family history, and molecular evidence, to facilitate more accurate diagnosis and enhance prenatal counseling and perinatal management.
Caroli's disease misdiagnosed as bile duct cystadenoma: A case report
Authors: Su Dai , Lan Yuxia , Wang Baibing , Ma Qiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCaroli's disease is also known as Congenital intrahepatic bile duct dilatation, and previously known as a congenital intrahepatic bile duct cyst; it is characterized by single or multiple intrahepatic cystic dilatations. In this article, we report a case of Caroli's disease (CT size 21.2 × 16.9 × 19.8 cm). Preoperative abdominal ultrasound and enhanced CT were misdiagnosed as biliary cystadenoma or hepatic echinococcosis, and finally diagnosed as Caroli's disease by postoperative histopathological examinations. Most of the disease is single or multiple cystic dilatation of small bile duct. Giant Caroli disease, cystic dilations with diameter >20 cm is very rarely seen in the clinic. The lack of experience of diagnosing giant cystic dilatation makes it difficult to make accurate diagnosis. Therefore, we analyze the causes of imaging misdiagnosis through this case report, and summarize the imaging diagnostic skills of the disease combined with relevant imaging diagnosis experience. The purpose of this study is to deepen the understanding of giant Caroli disease among imaging doctors so as to reduce the misdiagnosis of the disease in the future.
Outcomes after newborn screening for propionic and methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinurias
Authors: Reischl‐Hajiabadi Anna T. , Schnabel Elena , Gleich Florian , Mengler Katharina , Lindner Martin , Burgard Peter , Posset Roland , Lommer‐Steinhoff Svenja , Grünert Sarah C. , Thimm Eva , Freisinger Peter , Hennermann Julia B. , Krämer Johannes , Gramer Gwendolyn , Lenz Dominic , Christ Stine , Hörster Friederike , Hoffmann Georg F. , Garbade Sven F. , Kölker Stefan , Mütze Ulrike 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe current German newborn screening (NBS) panel includes 13 inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs). In addition, a NBS pilot study in Southwest Germany identifies individuals with propionic acidemia (PA), methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), combined and isolated remethylation disorders (e.g., cobalamin [cbl] C and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] deficiency), cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS) deficiency, and neonatal cbl deficiency through one multiple‐tier algorithm. The long‐term health benefits of screened individuals are evaluated in a multicenter observational study. Twenty seven screened individuals with IMDs (PA [N = 13], MMA [N = 6], cblC deficiency [N = 5], MTHFR deficiency [N = 2] and CBS deficiency [N = 1]), and 42 with neonatal cbl deficiency were followed for a median of 3.6 years. Seventeen screened IMD patients (63%) experienced at least one metabolic decompensation, 14 of them neonatally and six even before the NBS report (PA, cbl‐nonresponsive MMA). Three PA patients died despite NBS and immediate treatment. Fifteen individuals (79%) with PA or MMA and all with cblC deficiency developed permanent, mostly neurological symptoms, while individuals with MTHFR, CBS, and neonatal cbl deficiency had a favorable clinical outcome. Utilizing a combined multiple‐tier algorithm, we demonstrate that NBS and specialized metabolic care result in substantial benefits for individuals with MTHFR deficiency, CBS deficiency, neonatal cbl deficiency, and to some extent, cbl‐responsive MMA and cblC deficiency. However, its advantage is less evident for individuals with PA and cbl‐nonresponsive MMA.SynopsisEarly detection through newborn screening and subsequent specialized metabolic care improve clinical outcomes and survival in individuals with MTHFR deficiency and cystathionine‐β‐synthase deficiency, and to some extent in cobalamin‐responsive methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) and cblC deficiency while the benefit for individuals with propionic acidemia and cobalamin‐nonresponsive MMA is less evident due to the high (neonatal) decompensation rate, mortality, and long‐term complications.
Laurencia johnstonii extract reverses early lesions in the K14E7HPV16 murine cervical carcinogenesis model
Authors: Arvizu‐Hernandez Erandi , Hernandez‐Guerrero Claudia Judith , Alvarez‐Rios Elizabeth , Gariglio Patricio , Cornejo‐Garrido Jorge , Ocadiz‐Delgado Rodolfo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPersistent infection with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) is a well‐established risk factor to the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), a condition that can progress to cervical cancer (CC) a major health problem worldwide. Recently, there has been growing interest in exploring alternative therapies utilizing natural products, among which is the algae species Laurencia johnstonii Setchell & Gardner, 1924 (L. johnstonii), proposed for the management of precancerous lesions. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of an organic extract from L. johnstonii (ELj) in early cervical lesions (CIN 1). These CIN 1 lesions were generated in a murine model expressing the HR‐HPV16 E7 oncoprotein (K14E7HPV transgenic mice) with a single exogenous hormonal stimulus using 17β‐estradiol. The histopathological studies, the determination of cell proliferation and of the apoptotic levels in cervical tissue, showed that, seven doses of ELj (30 mg/kg weight per day diluted in a DMSO‐saline solution [1:7]) lead to recovery the architecture of cervical epithelium. Accordingly, in the transgenic mice it was observed a statistically significant decrease of the PCNA expression levels, a marker of cell proliferation, and a statistically significant increase in the apoptosis levels using Caspase 3 as a marker. In addition, we determined the expression levels of the tumor suppressor miR‐218 and the oncomiRNA miR‐21. Interestingly, our results may suggest that ELj treatment tended to restore the normal expression of both miRNAs as compared with controls being more evident in the non‐transgenic induced mice. Differences of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant through the whole study. Based on these results, we propose that the use of ELj could be an alternative for the treatment of cervical early lesions.
Investigation of the effects of pentoxifylline and alpha tocopherol treatment on recovery in rats with Achilles tendon rupture
Authors: Toker Mustafa , Karaduman Zekeriya Okan , Arıcan Mehmet , Turhan Yalçın , Coşkun Sinem Kantarcıoğlu , Dalaslan Raşit Emin , Çelik Mücahit , Uludağ Veysel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough the Achilles tendon is the largest and strongest tendon in the body, healing of the Achilles tendon is the most common injury, and this process is difficult due to poor tendon circulation; moreover, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline and alpha‐tocopherol administered separately or in combination on rats with Achilles tendon injury. Forty‐eight male Wistar rats weighing 230 ± 30 g were used in the study. The rats were randomly divided into eight groups of six animals each. Tendons were evaluated histopathologically and biomechanically. According to the statistical analysis, the vascularity density in the pentoxifylline group on day 14 was significantly greater than that in the other groups (p < 0.05). The collagen arrangement in the pentoxifylline and alpha‐tocopherol groups on day 14 was found to be firmer and smoother than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The collagen arrangement in the pentoxifylline group on day 28 was greater than that in the other groups (p < 0.05). The biomechanical results were significantly greater in all groups (p < 0.05). Pentoxifylline contributed to tendon healing both through neovascularization in the early period and by improving collagen orientation in the late period, while alpha‐tocopherol had a positive effect on collagen orientation in the early period. No beneficial effects were observed when pentoxifylline and alpha‐tocopherol were used together. We believe that further research is needed to understand the effects of this combination therapy on tendon healing.
3.0T magnetic resonance imaging‐based hip bone models for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome are equivalent to computed tomography‐based models
Authors: Newhouse Alexander C. , Alter Thomas D. , Handoklow Lyla A. , Espinoza Orías Alejandro A. , Inoue Nozomu , Nho Shane J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to compare three‐dimensional (3D) proximal femoral and acetabular surface models generated from 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the clinical gold standard of computed tomography (CT). Ten intact fresh‐frozen cadaveric hips underwent CT and 3.0T MRI scans. The CT‐ and MRI‐based segmented models were superimposed using a validated 3D–3D registration volume‐merge method to compare them. The least surface‐to‐surface distance between the models was calculated by a point‐to‐surface calculation algorithm using a custom‐written program. The variables of interest were the signed and absolute surface‐to‐surface distance between the paired bone models. One‐sample t‐tests were performed using a signed and absolute test value of 0.16 mm and 0.37 mm, respectively, based on a previous study that validated 1.5T MRI bone models by comparison with CT bone models. For the femur, the average signed and absolute surface‐to‐surface distance was 0.18 ± 0.09 mm and 0.30 ± 0.06 mm, respectively. There was no difference in the signed surface‐to‐surface distance and the 0.16 mm test value (t = 0.650, p = 0.532). However, the absolute surface‐to‐surface difference was less than the 0.37 mm test value (t = −4.025, p = 0.003). For the acetabulum, the average signed and absolute surface‐to‐surface distance was −0.06 ± 0.06 mm and 0.26 ± 0.04 mm, respectively. The signed (t = −12.569, p < 0.001) and absolute (t = −8.688, p < 0.001) surface‐to‐surface difference were less than the 0.16 mm and 0.37 mm test values, respectively. Our data shows that 3.0T MRI bone models are more similar to CT bone models than previously validated 1.5T MRI bone models. This is likely due to the higher resolution of the 3T data.
Eosinophilic esophagitis: Does age matter?
Authors: O'Sullivan Donnchadh , Camila Cardenas Maria , Ricaurte Luisa , Moreira Roger , Weaver Amy L. , Hopson Puanani , Absah Imad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is often diagnosed in school‐age children between 6‐ and 9‐year‐old. There is less known about those who are diagnosed with EoE that are younger than 6 years old. The objective of this study is to compare clinical presentation, comorbidities, and outcomes based on age at diagnosis of EoE.MethodsSingle‐center retrospective chart review of children (<18 years) diagnosed with EoE between 2005 and 2020. We recorded demographics, clinical presentation, family history, past medical history, treatment, and endoscopic findings. Children in this cohort were classified based on age into three age groups: <2 years, 2−<6 years, and 6−<18 years.ResultsWe identified 256 children with EoE, the mean age (SD) at the time of diagnosis was 9 (5.2) years and 184 (72%) were male. We had 164 (64%) patients with available follow‐up esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGDs) data (495 EGDs in total) of those 99/164 (60%) reached mucosal remission. In the very young children (<2 years) vomiting was the most common presentation, while poor weight gain was seen more in the 2−<6‐year group in comparison to the >6‐years. Food impaction and abdominal pain were most likely to present in older children 6−18 years. Combination therapy, as opposed to a single therapy, induced remission at a higher frequency in the <6‐year group in comparison to the 6−<18‐year group (85% vs. 66%).ConclusionEoE should be considered in younger children presenting with feeding difficulty and poor weight gain. Combination therapy seems to be more effective in younger children with EoE, but further studies with bigger sample size are needed to study the efficacy of the different combination therapies.