bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allopurinol Dosing in Renal Impairment: Walking the Tightrope Between Adequate Urate Lowering and Adverse Events
Authors: Dalbeth Nicola , Stamp Lisa 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAllopurinol is the mainstay of urate‐lowering therapy for patients with gout and impaired renal function. Although rare, a life‐threatening hypersensitivity syndrome may occur with this drug. The risk of this allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) is increased in renal impairment. The recognition that AHS may be because of delayed‐type hypersensitivity to oxypurinol, the main metabolite of allopurinol, and that oxypurinol concentrations are frequently elevated in patients with renal impairment prescribed standard doses of allopurinol has led to the widespread adoption of allopurinol‐dosing guidelines. These guidelines advocate allopurinol dose reduction according to creatinine clearance in patients with renal impairment. However, recent studies have challenged the role of these guidelines, suggesting that AHS may occur even at low doses of allopurinol, and that these guidelines lead to under‐treatment of hyperuricemia, a key therapeutic target in gout. Based on current data, we advocate gradual introduction of allopurinol according to current treatment guidelines, with close monitoring of serum uric acid concentrations. In patients with severe disease and persistent hyperuricemia, allopurinol dose escalation above those recommended by the guidelines should be considered, with careful evaluation of the benefits and risks of therapy. Further work is needed to clarify the safety and efficacy of allopurinol dose escalation, particularly in patients with renal impairment.
Influence of bracket design on microbial and periodontal parameters in vivo
Authors: Van Gastel Jan , Quirynen Marc , Teughels Wim , Coucke Wim , Carels Carine 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAim: To compare undisturbed plaque formation on teeth bonded with different types of orthodontic brackets with non‐bonded control teeth, via a de novo plaque growth experiment over a 7‐day period.Material and methods: A randomized controlled trial with split‐mouth design was set up enroling 16 dental students. Within each subject sites with Speed®(S) and GAC®(G), brackets and control sites were followed. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline, on days 3 and 7. Microbiological samples were taken from the brackets and the teeth on days 3 and 7.Results: Both anaerobe and aerobe colony‐forming units (CFU) were significantly higher in S‐sites than in G‐sites (p=0.0002, p=0.02). The shift from aerobic to anaerobic species was observed earlier in S‐sites than in G‐sites. The aerobe/anaerobe CFU ratio was significantly lower in S‐sites than in G‐sites (p=0.01). On day 3, the crevicular fluid flow was significantly higher in S‐sites than in control sites (p=0.01). On day 7, S‐sites and G‐sites showed a significantly higher crevicular flow than control sites (both p<0.0001). More hypertrophy was seen in S‐ than in G‐ and control sites (p=0.05). No significant differences for bleeding on probing were observed.Conclusion: Bracket design can have a significant impact on bacterial load and on periodontal parameters.
MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and TIMP‐2 gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Chen Dong , Wang Qi , Ma Zhi‐Wei , Chen Fa‐Ming , Chen Yue , Xie Guang‐Yuan , Wang Qin‐Tao , Wu Zhi‐Fen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground: Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) has a genetic basis. It has been reported that the functional gene polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, MMP‐9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐2 (TIMP‐2) alter their expressions in transcriptional level and they are involved in the tissue destruction of periodontitis. The study was carried out to analyse the association of functional polymorphisms in MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and TIMP‐2 with generalized AgP (G‐AgP) in a Chinese population.Material and Methods: The study population consisted of 79 Chinese patients with G‐AgP and 128 healthy controls. DNA was obtained from oral mucosa swab samples. MMP‐2 genotypes were determined by PCR‐based denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis while MMP‐9 and TIMP‐2 genotypes were identified by a PCR‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism. χ2 test after Yates' correction was used to investigate the possible association of the genotypes with the G‐AgP.Results: Although gene polymorphisms for MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 did not show any association with the G‐AgP, the analysis of the TIMP‐2 −418G to C gene polymorphism revealed significant differences between the patients and controls. Compared with controls, a significant increasing trend of TIMP‐2 −418C carrier in the G‐AgP patients occurred (p=0.013).Conclusion: It is suggested that the TIMP2 −418G to C gene polymorphism is associated with G‐AgP in the Chinese subjects.
The association between embrasure morphology and central papilla recession
Authors: Chang Li‐Ching 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: To discover the association between embrasure morphology and central papilla recession.Material and Methods: The central papilla was visually assessed in 330 adults using standardized periapical radiographs of the maxillary central incisors. The following vertical distances were measured: papilla recession [i.e., the distance from the papilla tip (PT) to the contact point (CP)], bone crest (BC) to contact point (BC–CP), proximal cementoenamel junction (pCEJ) to contact point (pCEJ–CP), and papilla height (PH). The horizontal distance measured was the inter‐dental width. Subjects were divided into four groups according to inter‐dental width and pCEJ‐CP distance, respectively: narrow‐long, narrow‐short, wide‐long, and wide‐short.Results: A statistically positive relationship was evident between central papilla recession and age, and a statistically negative relationship was evident between age and PH in all study groups.Conclusions: Central papilla recession as a result of ageing is most frequently associated with a wide inter‐dental width and long pCEJ–CP distance. However, other factors affect the likelihood of the presence of the inter‐dental papilla, and further study of the interaction among these factors is warranted.
Development of an open case‐based decision‐support system for diagnosis in oral pathology
Authors: Borra R. C. , Andrade P. M. , Corrêa L. , Novelli M. D. 
Published: May 2007

Background:  Making diagnoses in oral pathology are often difficult and confusing in dental practice, especially for the less‐experienced dental student. One of the most promising areas in bioinformatics is computer‐aided diagnosis, where a computer system is capable of imitating human reasoning ability and provides diagnoses with an accuracy approaching that of expert professionals. This type of system could be an alternative tool for assisting dental students to overcome the difficulties of the oral pathology learning process. This could allow students to define variables and information, important to improving the decision‐making performance. However, no current open data management system has been integrated with an artificial intelligence system in a user‐friendly environment. Such a system could also be used as an education tool to help students perform diagnoses. The aim of the present study was to develop and test an open case‐based decision‐support system.Methods:  An open decision‐support system based on Bayes’ theorem connected to a relational database was developed using the C++ programming language. The software was tested in the computerisation of a surgical pathology service and in simulating the diagnosis of 43 known cases of oral bone disease. The simulation was performed after the system was initially filled with data from 401 cases of oral bone disease.Results:  The system allowed the authors to construct and to manage a pathology database, and to simulate diagnoses using the variables from the database.Conclusion:  Combining a relational database and an open decision‐support system in the same user‐friendly environment proved effective in simulating diagnoses based on information from an updated database.
Dynamic Pipe Stresses During Water Hammer: A Finite Element Approach
Authors: Leishear Robert A. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Water hammer is defined as a sudden increase in pipe pressure, which results in pressure waves that travel along the pipe at sonic velocities. In the wake of the pressure wave, dynamic stresses are created in the pipe wall, which contribute to pipe failures. A finite element analysis computer program was used to determine the three-dimensional dynamic stresses that result from pipe wall vibration at a distance from the end of a pipe, during a water-hammer event. The analysis was used to model a moving shock wave in a pipe, using a step pressure wave. Both aluminum and steel were modeled for an 8 NPS pipe, using ABAQUS®. For either material, the maximum stress was seen to be equal when damping was neglected. At the time the maximum stress occurred, the hoop stress was equivalent to twice the stress that would be expected if an equivalent static stress was applied to the inner wall of the pipe. Also, the radial stress doubled the magnitude of the applied pressure.
Local Limit-Load Analysis Using the mβ Method
Authors: Adibi-Asl R. , Seshadri R. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Several upper-bound limit-load multipliers based on elastic modulus adjustment procedures converge to the lowest upper-bound value after several linear elastic iterations. However, pressure component design requires the use of lower-bound multipliers. Local limit loads are obtained in this paper by invoking the concept of “reference volume” in conjunction with the mβ multiplier method. The lower-bound limit loads obtained compare well to inelastic finite element analysis results for several pressure component configurations.
An integrated physiological and performance profile of professional tennis
Authors: Hornery Daniel J , Farrow Damian , Mujika Iñigo , Young Warren 
Published: May 2007

Objective:To describe the physiological responses to tournament tennis in relation to prevailing environmental conditions, match notation, and skills that underpin performance.Design:14 male professional tennis players (mean (SD) age, 21.4 (2.6) years; height, 183.0 (6.9) cm; body mass, 79.2 (6.4) kg) were studied while contesting international tennis tournaments. Environmental conditions, match notation, physiological (core temperature, hydration status, heart rate, blood variables), and performance indices (serve kinematics, serve velocity, error rates) were recorded.Results:Hard and clay court tournaments elicited similar peak core temperature (38.9 (0.3)v38.5 (0.6)°C) and average heart rate (152 (15)v146 (19) beats/min) but different body mass deficit (1.05 (0.49)v0.32 (0.56)%, p<0.05). Average pre-match urine specific gravity was 1.022 (0.004). Time between points was longer during hard court matches (25.1 (4.3)v17.2 (3.3) s, p<0.05). Qualitative analysis of first and second serves revealed inverse relations between the position of the tossing arm at ball release and the position of the ball toss and progressive match time (respectively,r = −0.74 andr = −0.73, p<0.05) and incurred body mass deficit (r = 0.73 andr = 0.73, p<0.05).Conclusions:Participants began matches in a poor state of hydration, and experienced moderate thermoregulatory strain and dehydration during competition. These adverse physiological conditions may compromise performance and influence notational analyses.
Effect of long haul travel on maximal sprint performance and diurnal variations in elite skeleton athletes
Authors: Bullock Nicola , Martin David T , Ross Angus , Rosemond Doug , Marino Frank E 
Published: May 2007

Objective:To quantify the impact of eastward long haul travel on diurnal variations in cortisol, psychological sensations and daily measurements of physical performance.Methods:Five elite Australian skeleton athletes undertook a long haul eastward flight from Australia to Canada (LHtravel), while seven elite Canadian skeleton athletes did not travel (NOtravel). Salivary cortisol was measured on awakening, 60 min and 120 min after awakening. Psychological sensations were measured with a questionnaire, and maximal 30 m sprints were performed once a day between 09:30 and 11:00 h local time.Results:Compared with baseline, average (SD) resting salivary cortisol decreased by 67% immediately after long haul travel (23.43 (5.71) nMol/l) (mean±90% confidence interval) in the LHtravelgroup (p = 0.03), while no changes were found in the NOtravelgroup (p = 0.74). There were no significant differences in 30 m sprint time between baseline and post-flight tests in the LHtravelgroup (p>0.05). The LHtravelgroup perceived themselves as “jet lagged” for up to 2 days after the flight (p = 0.01 for both midday lunch and evening dinner).Conclusions:Despite a distinct phase change in salivary cortisol rhythmicity and the athletes perceiving themselves as “jet lagged”, minimal disturbances in “one-off” maximal sprinting ability between 09:30 and 11:00 h local time were seen in a group of elite skeleton athletes after long haul eastward travel from Australia to Canada.
Doping prevalence among preadolescent athletes: a 4-year follow-up
Authors: Laure P , Binsinger C 
Published: May 2007

Objective:To describe the prevalence of doping and its progression in a cohort of preadolescent athletes during a 4-year follow-up.Design and settings:Prospective cohort study. Self-questionnaire survey.Participants:All of the pupils entering the first year of secondary school (sixth grade) in the Vosges Département (east France) and followed for 4 years.Main outcome measurements:Drug use (prohibited substances, tobacco, alcohol, cannabis), intention to use, reported health hazards, perceived drug effectiveness, self-esteem, trait anxiety.Results:At the beginning of the study, 1.2% (95% CI 0.8 to 1.6) stated that they had taken doping agents at least once in the preceding 6 months, and this had risen to 3.0% (95% CI 2.3–3.7) 4 years later (p<0.001). Of those who had used doping agents, 4% reported that they had experienced a health problem related to doping, and 44% reported that they had won at least one sports event as a result of using the drug. Use of doping agents is linked to the number of hours of practice per week, intention to use, use of other drugs, self-esteem and trait anxiety.Conclusions:The results show that doping does exist in preadolescent athletes who train every day. This fact should to be taken into account in preventive actions.
ESSENTIAL METAL CONTENTS IN THE LIVER OF DTPA-TREATED PREGNANT MICE AND THEIR FETUSES
Authors: SATO I. , MATSUSAKA N. , SUZUKI T. , KOBAYASHI H. , SERA K. , FUTATSUGAWA S. 
Published: May 2007

Ca -DTPA or Zn -DTPA was injected subcutaneously to pregnant mice once a day for 5 consecutive days from the 13th day to the 17th day of gestation. Maternal and fetal livers were collected 20 hours after the final injection of DTPA, and essential metal contents in the liver samples were determined by PIXE. Both Ca -DTPA and Zn -DTPA don't affect any essential metals in the maternal liver, but Ca -DTPA decreases copper and zinc contents in the fetal liver to 2/3 and 1/2 of the control values, respectively. Although Zn -DTPA does not affect fetal zinc content, it decreases that of copper. It could not be determined whether DTPA affects fetal manganese content or not because the fetal liver contains no detectable amount of manganese.
X-RAY ANALYSES OF ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS IN FEATHERS: COMPARISON OF XRF AND PIXE
Authors: CAHILL THOMAS M. , PERLEY BRIAN P. , ANDERSON DANIEL W. 
Published: May 2007

The X-ray analysis techniques of X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) were tested for their sensitivity, precision, and accuracy in conducting elemental analyses on feathers. XRF could detect 21 elements directly in the sample matrix with minimum detectable limits of 0.5 to 1 μg/g for most elements. Due to the feather's thickness, a correction factor was applied to account for X-rays absorbed within the sample matrix. To confirm the results obtained by XRF, atomic absorption spectroscopy was conducted for mercury on four samples analyzed by XRF and the results were consistent between the two analytical techniques. The feathers, which ranged from 3 to 7 mg/cm2in areal density, proved too thick for straightforward analysis by PIXE. While corrections could have been applied, the feather's structure makes the task difficult and the beam attenuation correction would compound the already large X-ray absorption correction factor.The XRF system was then tested for its effectiveness in two field studies. The first project used XRF to determine geographic differences between two populations of brown pelicans where nine of the fourteen elements routinely detected varied between the populations. The second project used XRF to trace mercury contamination in birds at Clear Lake, CA. The feathers showed elevated mercury concentrations while other potential contaminants were low.
POSSIBLE APPLICATION OF PIXE METHOD TO INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT
Authors: NAKAO KEITARO , SUZUKI YASUO , SATO RYOICHI , SAITO YASUSHI , TAMANOI ITSURO , MATSUMOTO SHINJI , JOSHIMA HISAMASA , IMAZEKI HITOSHI 
Published: May 2007

We measured intestinal permeability of mice by PIXE method. A mixture of a rubidium chloride solution and a manganese chloride solution was administered orally into mice. The blood was sampled successively after the administration, and the element contents in the blood were measured by PIXE method. The Rb content in the plasma of Rb + Mn administered group reaches maximum 5 min after the administration and decreases subsequently. The value in the whole blood of Rb + Mn administered group increases slightly for first 30 min after the administration and remarkably from 3 hrs. This increase continues for 48 hrs. That in control group is very little. Rb is probably transferred into plasma from intestinal mucosa at first, and subsequently moves into blood cells. The Mn content in control group is little. The values in the whole blood and the plasma of Rb + Mn administered group reach maximum 5 min after the administration and then decrease, and turn to decline to control level at 24 hrs. Mn is probably transferred into blood from intestinal mucosa throughout, and washed out more rapidly than Rb . The element contents of Rb and Mn in the plasma of Rb + Mn administered mice are found to increase to the peak level 5 min after the administration. Rb and Mn are useful as a tracer to study of intestinal disease with measurement by PIXE method. With this manner by PIXE method, intestinal permeability can be measured more briefly than existing methods. In order to assess intestinal permeability, we propose an indicator which is obtained by comparing the element amounts of Rb and/or Mn in blood sampled just after the administration.
THE CELL EXIT OF APOPTOSIS FROM THE S-PHASE OF CELL CYCLE AND DIFFERENT CORRELATION BETWEEN MAGNESIUM AND ZINC COMPARED WITH THE OTHER KINDS OF CELLS
Authors: Harada Satoshi , Sera Koichiro , Ftatsugawa Shyouji , Tamakawa Yoshiharu 
Published: May 2007

The abnormal cell exit of apoptosis from S-phase, correlation between apoptosis and Mg , and between its S-phase fraction and Zn were studied in inoculated Sarcoma-180 receiving 10 or 20 Gy of60Co gamma ray, IN VIVO, in BALB/c mice.The apoptosis and S-phase fraction were detected by double immunostaining: 1) TUNEL that colors apoptosis brown; and 2) histone H3 mRNA probe that results in blue deposition to S-phase of cells. The concentrations of Mg and Zn were studied by PIXE.The Mg strongly correlated with the frequency of apoptosis, but other kinds of cells did not. On the contrary, The S-phase fraction of apoptosis did not correlated with Zn , but S-phase of other kinds of cells did. This different correlation suggests the different metabolism between apoptosis and other kinds of cell.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS AND TRACE ELEMENTS PROFILES OF GASTRIC MUCOSA IN BENIGN GASTRIC DISEASE
Authors: TSUNODA S. , ITO M. , SAKURAI S. , YUKAWA M. 
Published: May 2007

The purpose of this study is to clarity how trace elements in gastric mucosa, reflex bile acid and inflammation of gastric mucosa relate to environment of Helicobacter Pylori. Subjects were 33 patients who had colonic endoscopic examination. 11 gastric ulcer and 14 duodenal ulcer patients were chosen as subjects of the study. The control group had 8 members who had no localized lesions. Trace elements were measured by PIXE analysis which use Pd as internal standard. Cu and Zn , especially Zn , were found in large amount in gastric body and antrum. Zn value for the antrum was higher than that for the gastric body. Especially, the values of Zn for antrum showed significant differences between grade I, II and grade III of inflammatory cell infiltration. In gastric ulcer group, the value of Cu indicated high at gastric body and low at antrum. On the other hand, the values of Zn were low at both gastric body and antrum. Particularly, development of atrophy in antrum requires less than one in gastric body; therefore, trace elements decreased in gastric ulcer group.
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES IN SOME ROMANIAN REGIONS
Authors: Amemiya Susumu , Masuda Toshio , Popa-Simil Liviu , Muntele Claudiu , Voiculescu Dana , Racolta Petru Mihai 
Published: May 2007

The work presents preliminary studies for the development of a Romanian national aerosol sampling network for the monitoring of air quality [1]. We made the sampling of aerosol particulate using mobile aerosol sampling pumps at a flow rate of about 41/min and 1 hour acquisition time at different locations in Romania. We used a stack filter unit using polycarbonate filters, PM-8 for coarse particles and PM-0.4 for fine particles. The elemental analysis was performed using 2 MeV protons from the Van de Graaff accelerator located in Nagoya. We try to give an interpretation of the results upon the geographical and economic particularities of these regions, to highlight the pollution contribution of each type of source and to identify it.
THE ELEMENTAL STATUS OF ANCIENT HUMAN BONES FROM EDESHEIM/RHEINLAND–PFALZ DETERMINED BY PIXE
Authors: JÁNKUHN STEFFEN , VOGT JÜRGEN , BUTZ TILMAN 
Published: May 2007

We report on ion beam investigations of 40 bone samples from the archaeological site Edesheim/Rheinland–Pfalz, Germany, a burial site of a Merowingian population (6–8th century AD).The samples were prepared as pellets from the so–called WARD'S triangle. This region is an inner part of the femoral neck and one of the areas of high fracture risk in the case of osteoporosis. The experiments were carried out with an 1.5 MeV H+beam at the 2 MV VAN DE GRAAFF accelerator of the University of Leipzig. Simultaneously to the PIXE measurements, PBS and PIGE spectra were recorded.We will present a correlation matrix for 11 selected elements detected by PIXE, which exhibits trends and dependences from which preliminary information on various diagenetic processes can be derived.