bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of different nitrogen fertilizers and an additional sulfur supply on grain yield, quality, and the potential of acrylamide formation in winter wheat
Authors: Albrecht Weber Ernst , Koller Wolf‐Dietrich , Graeff Simone , Hermann Wilfried , Merkt Nikolaus , Claupein Wilhelm 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe amino acid asparagine (Asn) plays a key role in acrylamide (AA) formation in strongly heated cereal foodstuffs. The influence of different nitrogen (N) fertilizers (calcium ammonium nitrate, CAN; urea ammonium sulfate solution, UAS, applied according to the CULTAN method; urea; urea ammonium nitrate, UAN; ammonium nitrate sulfate containing the nitrification inhibitor 3,4‐dimethyl pyrazole phosphate, Entec 26®; and a combination of liquid manure and CAN) at a nitrogen level of 180 kg N ha–1 and an additional sulfur (S) supply on grain yield, quality, Asn concentration, and the potential of AA formation of winter wheat were studied in a 2‐year field experiment. Grain yields varied between 61 und 104 dt ha–1 dry matter depending on cultivar (cv), fertilization, and year. Quality demands concerning crude protein concentration and sedimentation value were reached when CAN, CAN+S, urea, or a combination of liquid manure and CAN were applied. Asparagine concentrations in flours varied from 2.6 to 13.6 mg per 100 g flour dry matter depending on cultivar, fertilization, and year. In both years, a close nonlinear correlation between crude protein concentration and the concentration of free Asn with r²2004 = 0.93 and r²2005 = 0.94 was observed. Nitrogen fertilizers leading to high crude protein concentrations caused significantly increased Asn concentrations. In both years, a correlation between the concentration of free Asn and the potential of AA formation with r²2004 = 0.72 and r²2005 = 0.84 was found. The application of S (CAN compared to CAN+S) had no beneficial effect on the Asn concentration and the potential of AA formation, most likely because S concentration in grains was sufficient even without additional S supply.
Phosphorus in sequentially extracted fen peat soils: A K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy study
Authors: Kruse Jens , Leinweber Peter 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe speciation of phosphorus (P) in native and degraded peat soils is an analytical challenge, and synchrotron‐based P K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) is a suitable method to gain information on P species in soils and organic materials. The objective of the present study was to test if P K‐edge XANES reflected differences in P fractions in fen peat due to sequential extraction and peat degradation. We investigated each one top‐ and subsoil sample of a Fibric Histosol, which differed in the degree of humification (H8 vs. H5) and concentration of total P (Pt) (1944 mg kg–1 vs. 436 mg kg–1). In the topsoil, residual P, H2SO4‐P, and NaOH‐P accounted for roughly the same proportions of Pt (≈30%). In the subsoil, residual P (64% of Pt) was more abundant than NaOH‐P (21% of Pt) and H2SO4‐P (10% of Pt). Among many different P reference standards, the P XANES spectra reflected differences in mineral P more distinctive than in organic P compounds. Phosphorus XANES spectra of the residues after each sequential extraction step all showed a prominent white‐line peak at around 2152 eV. Stepwise removal of resin‐P, NaHCO3‐P, and NaOH‐P were reflected mainly by the peak intensity but scarcely by distinct spectral features. Extraction with H2SO4 led to the disappearance of spectral features of Ca and Mg phosphates which is a first direct hint to these compounds in the peat. In conclusion, a combined sequential fractionation and spectroscopic (31P NMR, P K‐ and L‐edge XANES with linear‐combination fits) approach is proposed to overcome limitations of the present study and gain more insight into the P species in peat soils.
The significance of organic‐anion exudation for the aluminum resistance of primary triticale derived from wheat and rye parents differing in aluminum resistance
Authors: Stass Angelika , Smit Inga , Eticha Dejene , Oettler Gisela , Johannes Horst Walter 
Published: August 2008

AbstractEight primary octoploid triticale genotypes (xTriticosecale Wittmack) derived from four wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) and two rye inbred lines (Secale cereale L.) differing in aluminum (Al) resistance were investigated with respect to their response to Al supply. Aluminum‐induced inhibition of root elongation (48 h, 25 µM Al supply), callose formation, and the accumulation of Al in root tips (4 h, 25 µM Al supply) were used as parameters to assess Al resistance. Using these parameters, the existing information on Al resistance of the wheat and rye cultivars was generally confirmed. The triticale cultivars showed a wide range of Al resistance amongst the Al‐sensitive wheat and the Al‐resistant rye cultivars. The rye parents and the Al‐resistant wheat parent Carazinho were characterized by Al‐induced exudation particularly of citrate but also of malate from whole root systems of 14 d old seedlings (8 h, 50 µM Al supply). Regression analysis revealed that the degree of Al resistance of the triticale genotypes was closely related to the Al‐induced citrate exudation, which was mainly controlled by the Al resistance of the wheat parent.
Analytical implications of routine clinical testing for omega‐3 fatty acid biomarkers
Authors: Stark Ken 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBlood biomarkers of omega‐3 (ω3) fatty acids can be used as markers of optimal health and disease risk. Rapid, high‐throughput and cost efficient fatty acid analyses would enable routine clinical screening for ω3 fatty acid status by health professionals. Clinical monitoring of ω3 fatty acid status of individuals would enable prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease and prenatal nutrition.
Effect of emulsifiers on shortenings
Authors: Martini Silvana , Herrera Maria Lidia 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe quality of a shortening depends on its physicochemical characteristics. These include amount of solids, texture and melting behavior, among others. The type of shortening, the processing and storage conditions strongly affect these characteristics. Different strategies can be used to formulate shortenings with low trans fatty acids content while maintaining their physicochemical characteristics. This article describes some of these strategies and aims to provide information about the different variables that need to be controlled to obtain a high quality shortening.
Monte Carlo Simulation of the Reactive Formation of Co‐Continuous Nanostructured Polymers
Authors: John Andreas , Sommer Jens‐Uwe 
Published: August 2008

AbstractStructure formation during high‐temperature reactive blending of randomly functionalized poly‐disperse backbone polymers (such as polyethylene) with end‐functionalized graft polymers (such as polyamide 6) forming co‐continuous nanostructured microphases was investigated by means of MC simulations using the bond fluctuation algorithm. We compared reacted and non‐reacted systems under the same conditions. For the non‐reacted system at low temperatures, phase separation was observed. In the system with grafting reactions, macroscopic phase separation was inhibited even if the consumption of reactive sites was only 50%. The calculated structure factor indicates a distinct difference between the two simulation states in accordance with the 3D visualization of the system and the box‐counting method.magnified image
Autologous fat grafting: A technique for stabilization of the microvascular pedicle in DIEP flap reconstruction
Authors: Bar‐Meir Eran D. , Yueh Janet H. , Tobias Adam M. , Lee Bernard T. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractProper orientation of the microvascular pedicle is essential to ensure a high success rate in microvascular surgery. The inset of a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction can sometimes be problematic given the long vascular pedicle, the acute takeoff from an internal mammary anastomosis, and the positioning of the flap on top of the vascular pedicle. In the postoperative period, the flap can also shift as the patient's activity level increases. We present a technique where nonvascularized autologous fat grafts are used to stabilize and cushion the vascular pedicle. Over a 14‐month period, 117 consecutive DIEP flaps were performed to the internal mammary vessels with autologous fat grafting to the microvascular pedicle. Six flaps (5.1%) were explored during the immediate postoperative period for anastomotic compromise. Only one total flap failure (0.8%) was observed during this time. We had no direct complications related to the fat grafts. The use of nonvascularized autologous fat grafts is a simple and safe technique for stabilization of a microvascular pedicle. It should be considered in DIEP flap breast reconstruction and other microvascular cases where the vascular pedicle might be compressed by adjacent structures. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Piloting education days for patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and their partners: A multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Ellard D.R. , Barlow J.H. , Paskins Z. , Stapley J. , Wild A. , Rowe I.F. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectives: To develop, pilot, refine and reassess an education day presented by a rheumatology multidisciplinary team (MDT) for recently diagnosed (less than six months) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and their partners/carers.Methods: A patient education day was developed drawing on an assessment of local patient educational needs and preferences and input from a rheumatology MDT. Feedback from the first education day (2004) (Day 1; 12 patients; age range 19–63 years (median 46); 10 of whom were accompanied by a partner) informed the development of a second education day (2005) (Day 2; 19 patients; age range 36–75 years (median 57.5); 13 of whom were accompanied by a partner). Participants completed evaluation forms on both days and at follow‐up between six and seven weeks later, rating each session on a 5‐point scale on dimensions of ‘informative’, ‘useful’, ‘interesting’ and ‘enjoyable’. A global rating of the day's ‘usefulness’ was completed at the end of each day on a 10‐point scale. Participants were asked to write comments on each session and on aspects of the entire day. RA knowledge, and general and RA‐specific self‐efficacy were also measured on day 2 (and at follow‐up) using the 12‐item Patient Knowledge Questionnaire, the 10‐item generalized self‐efficacy scale and a four‐item RA‐specific self‐efficacy scale. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used in the analysis.Results: Ratings for individual sessions were all high, with no session being rated below 4 out of 5 (1 = ‘totally disagree’ to 5 = ‘totally agree’) on both days. The majority of patients (84%) and their partners (57%) responded to the follow‐up. Many had used the information package distributed on the day. Some patients and their partners reported positive changes in RA management. Although patient knowledge did not increase significantly (medians 11 at both time points, p = 0.054) (Day 2), RA self‐efficacy improved (baseline 11 and 14, respectively), suggesting that patients were more confident in managing their condition (p = 0.010).Conclusions: The development of this ‘local’ education and information intervention was carried out in line with Medical Research Council guidelines, and the lessons learned from Day 1 informed further development for Day 2. A one‐day format for education of early RA involving the rheumatology MDT was rated highly by participants and warrants further examination. Although this study was a small ‘local’ intervention, its strengths are that it informs the possibility of wider developments of this kind using a MDT. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multi‐agent self‐adaptative management framework
Authors: Lavinal E. , Desprats T. , Raynaud Y. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe self‐management vision, which has raised much interest in recent years, is only an operational aim that does not provide any solution in its definition on how to attain this management autonomy. The general contribution of this article suggests concepts, methods and mechanisms to conceive a self‐adaptative management framework, thus participating in this self‐management vision. This framework is composed of organizational aspects based on multi‐agent concepts, informational aspects based on different management ontologies and cooperative aspects based on specific agent behaviours which automate the accomplishment of management actions on the overall distributed environment. We have also implemented a prototype of this work to validate the feasibility of our approach and confirm the self‐adaptation capacities of the system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Skeletal evidence for morbidity and mortality in Copper Age samples from northeastern Hungary
Authors: Ubelaker D. H. , Pap I. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAnalysis of 183 human skeletons representing the Copper Age in northeastern Hungary indicates slightly less morbidity and mortality than found in previous studies of later Bronze Age and Iron Age samples from the same area. Mean adult age at death was 33.4 years for males and 32.9 years for females. Life table reconstruction revealed a life expectancy at birth of about 28 years, and at age 15 of about 17 years. Frequencies of dental hypoplasia (<1%) and carious lesions (2.3%) were relatively low. Comparisons of the Copper Age data reported here with previously published studies of later Bronze Age and Iron Age samples from the same area revealed little or no change in life expectancy at age 15, long bone diaphyseal circumference, estimated living stature, frequencies of dental hypoplasia, alveolar abscesses, tooth loss, adult porotic hyperostosis or trauma. Temporal increases were detected in life expectancy at birth, dental caries frequency, cribra orbitalia, subadult periosteal lesions and vertebral osteoarthritis. The study is part of a larger effort to examine long‐term temporal changes in skeletal samples from that region. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracking and ground cover ratio
Authors: Narvarte L. , Lorenzo E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractEnergy yield and occupation of land are two parameters that must be optimized when designing a large PV plant. This paper presents the results of simulating the energy yield of flat panels for some locations and different tracking strategies as a function of the ground cover ratio. Some interesting results for design purposes, such as the optimal solar trackers depending on the land availability or the energy gains of every tracking strategy, are shown. For example, the energy gains associated to one north–south axis tracking, referenced to static surfaces, ranges from 18 to 25%, and from 37 to 45% for the two‐axes tracker for reasonable ground cover ratios. To achieve these results, a simulation tool with appropriate models to calculate the energy yield for different solar trackers has been developed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does life satisfaction predict victimization experiences in adolescence?
Authors: Martin Kellie , Huebner E. Scott , Valois Robert F. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractLongitudinal relationships between adolescents' life satisfaction and peer victimization and prosocial experiences were assessed. A total of 417 students in Grades 6–8 completed the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS: Huebner, 1994) and the Children's Social Experience Questionnaire – Self Report (SEQ‐SR: Crick & Grotpeter, 1996) on two occasions (Time 1 and Time 2), 1 year apart. The results revealed that Time 1 life satisfaction scores did not add to the prediction of Time 2 overt victimization scores but did add to the prediction of Time 2 relational victimization scores and prosocial experiences. Additionally, Time 1 overt victimization, relational victimization, and prosocial experiences did not significantly add to the prediction of Time 2 general life satisfaction. However, the predictive equations for Time 1 relational victimization and prosocial experiences approached significance, suggesting the possibility of bidirectional effects between life satisfaction and relational victimization and prosocial peer experiences. Most interestingly, lower levels of life satisfaction appeared to be a newly identified risk factor for two qualitatively distinct types of adverse peer relationships (relational victimization and lack of prosocial experiences). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adolescents' collaboration in the classroom: Do peer relationships or gender matter?
Authors: Swenson Lisa M. , Strough Jonell 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPeer collaboration can be a useful tool in a school classroom to help students perform at their best. With whom should students be paired, though? Previous research yields inconsistent findings regarding whether the benefits of peer collaboration depend on the gender or friendship of collaborators. We paired students with a same‐gender friend or a nonfriend in their classroom to examine whether friendship and specific dimensions of relationship quality were important for understanding adolescent (N = 132 high‐school students) boys' and girls' performance on a scientific reasoning task. Dimensions of relationship quality were related to task performance with greater perceived conflict predicting poorer performance. Girls outperformed boys, but the difference was marginal and nonsignificant after accounting for dimensions of relationship quality. Friends' and nonfriends' performance was similar. Results are informative for educators who use collaboration as an instructional technique and for other professionals who work to support the development of effective reasoning and problem‐solving skills among adolescents. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of social competence in predicting gifted enrollment
Authors: Curby Timothy W. , Rudasill Kathleen Moritz , Rimm‐Kaufman Sara E. , Konold Timothy R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine how children's starting level and development of social competence (i.e., task orientation and peer sociability) during kindergarten and first grade predict gifted program enrollment by third grade, even after considering children's cognitive ability. A second purpose is to examine the extent to which the relationship between children's social competence and gifted program enrollment differs depending on children's socioeconomic status (SES), ethnicity, and gender. Latent growth curve analyses conducted on 347 children revealed that students enrolled in gifted programming were not only those high in cognitive ability, but also those showing early task orientation. Neither peer sociability's initial status nor growth was a significant predictor of gifted enrollment. Multigroup comparisons demonstrated different predictive paths for higher versus lower SES groups. Implications are discussed including important questions raised by this study and the need for teacher training in the identification of giftedness. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preservice training in response to intervention: Learning by doing an interdisciplinary field experience
Authors: Hawkins Renee O. , Kroeger Stephen D. , Musti‐Rao Shobana , Barnett David W. , Ward Justine E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMarking major changes in professional role performance, response to intervention (RTI) is now in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 2004) as a possible method to improve the identification of specific learning disabilities. Moreover, RTI and related concepts and initiatives have fundamentally influenced more general methods of prevention, instruction and intervention services, and decision making in schools. Although RTI will continue to evolve, core characteristics of RTI that form the basis of state initiatives are well founded in intervention and instructional research and practice. These core characteristics (i.e., data‐based decision making, evidence‐based intervention, teaming, and problem solving) represent skills immediately needed by professionals‐in‐training. This article reports collaboration between school psychology and special education faculty in designing and implementing an integrative field experience in RTI. Training, student, and program outcomes are used summatively for accountability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of student perceptions of parenting and coping on achievement and classroom behavior among African American children
Authors: Gaylord‐Harden Noni K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe present study examined children's coping strategies as mediators and moderators of the association between parenting factors and outcomes in 235 African American children (mean age = 10.37 years). Information about parenting and child coping strategies was obtained by child self‐report. School adjustment was assessed by standardized achievement scores and by teacher ratings of behavior. Structural equation modeling indicated that positive parenting was related to higher achievement and lower behavior problems. Contrary to the hypotheses, coping strategies did not mediate or moderate this association. The results are discussed in terms of how factors at the family and child level may influence child behavior and academic performance in the classroom. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychological functioning in persons considering genetic counseling and testing for Li–Fraumeni syndrome
Authors: Peterson Susan K. , Pentz Rebecca D. , Marani Salma K. , Ward Patricia A. , Blanco Amie M. , LaRue Denise , Vogel Kristen , Solomon Tamara , Strong Louise C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjective: Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) confers an increased risk of multiple types of cancer in both children and adults. Clinical genetic testing for deleterious germline p53 gene mutations can identify most LFS‐affected families. We evaluated factors associated with cancer‐specific distress and perceived self‐efficacy in coping with a positive genetic test result among persons at risk of having deleterious p53 mutations.Methods: One hundred thirty‐five persons from 15 LFS‐affected families were invited to take part in a study that offered p53 genetic counseling and testing and to complete psychosocial measures.Results: Participants (n=92) were more likely to be younger and female than nonparticipants (n=43). In multivariate analyses, greater cancer‐specific distress was associated with having a lower quality of life, a higher perceived risk of having a p53 mutation, no personal history of cancer and a greater number of first degree relatives (FDRs) affected with cancer. Lower perceived self‐efficacy in coping with a positive test result was associated with greater cancer worry, higher decisional conflict about p53 testing and having no personal history of cancer.Conclusions: Individual perceptions about cancer risk and p53 genetic testing, as well as personal experience with FDRs' cancer diagnoses and deaths, should be addressed during the counseling and testing process for LFS‐affected families. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of DSD Relations for RDX‐TNT‐Based Cast Explosives for Lower Diameters and Dn–κ Surface Equation
Authors: Rofi Shakeel Abbas , Fenglei Huang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we extended our work on RDX and TNT‐based explosives to lower diameter to validate detonation shock dynamics (DSD) first‐order relationships between normal detonation velocity Dn and detonation wave curvature κ. At 25 mm diameter, we observed that Dn–κ relationship approximates, although not perfectly, the relation for 50 mm diameter. Thus to an approximation, the first order DSD theory is independent of geometry. On that basis, a general equation has been proposed, which can predict Dn–κ for RDX/TNT cast explosives in the mixing ratios 60 : 40–40 : 60.