bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3‐(4‐Piperidinyl)indoles and 3‐(4‐Piperidinyl)pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridines as Ligands for the ORL‐1 Receptor.
Authors: Bignan Gilles C. , Battista Kathleen , Connolly Peter J. , Orsini Michael J. , Liu Jingchun , Middleton Steven A. , Reitz Allen B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fe—M—B (M = IVa to VIa Metal) Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Materials: Alloy Development
Authors: Suzuki Kiyonori 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective α‐Heterofunctionalization of Carbonyl Compounds: Organocatalysis Is the Simplest Approach
Authors: Guillena Gabriela , Ramon Diego J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cross‐Coupling Reactions on Azoles with Two and More Heteroatoms
Authors: Schnuerch Michael , Flasik Radoslav , Khan Ather Farooq , Spina Markus , Mihovilovic Marko D. , Stanetty Peter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Heterocycles with Polyfluoroalkyl Substituents from Unsaturated Compounds Containing Polyfluoroalkyl Groups
Authors: Furin G. G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ring Closing Metathesis of Substrates Containing More than Two Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds: Rapid Access to Functionalized Heterocycles
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Hermanns Jolanda 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Progress in the Syntheses and Biological Evaluation of Boronated Porphyrins for Boron Neutron‐Capture Therapy
Authors: Renner M. W. , Miura M. , Easson M. W. , Vicente M. G. H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Use of N,N‐Coordinating Ligands in Catalytic Asymmetric C—C Bond Formations: Example of Cyclopropanation, Diels—Alder Reaction, Nucleophilic Allylic Substitution
Authors: Schulz Emmanuelle 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organopalladium‐Catalyzed Heteroannulations: Application of Organopalladium Reagents in the Synthesis of Benzofurans
Authors: Rao Kiran , Kishore D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Probing Enzyme Phosphoester Interactions by Combining Mutagenesis and Chemical Modification of Phosphate Ester Oxygens
Authors: Stivers James T. , Nagarajan Rajesh 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Multidimensional Tunneling, Recrossing, and the Transmission Coefficient for Enzymatic Reaction
Authors: Pu Jingzhi , Gao Jiali , Truhlar Donald G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanisms and Free Energies of Enzymatic Reactions
Authors: Gao Jiali , Ma Shuhua , Major Dan T. , Nam Kwangho , Pu Jingzhi , Truhlar Donald G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecular and Crystal Design of Nonlinear Optical Organic Materials
Authors: Suponitsky K. Yu. , Timofeeva T. V. , Antipin M. Yu. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Using Xplor‐NIH for NMR Molecular Structure Determination
Authors: Schwieters Charles D. , Kuszewski John J. , Clore G. Marius 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Configuration and error ratio performance of M‐QAM whose number of signal points is not a power of 2
Authors: Noda Seiichi , Saito Yoichi , Yoshida Teruaki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study examines the practicality of M‐quadrature amplitude modulation (M‐QAM) where the number of signal points M is not a power of two. A practical problem is the complexity of the configuration because one symbol in an M‐QAM signal does not correspond to an integer number of bits, and the symbol error does not simply convert to the bit error. Therefore, from the perspective of simplifying the configuration and minimizing bit error rate (BER) properties, multidimensional encoding (binary/M‐ary conversion) for converting a binary sequence to correlated symbols is proposed and the theoretical formulas of the symbol error rate (SER) and the bit error rate (BER) are clarified. SER properties of 40QAM, 44QAM, 48QAM, 56QAM, and 60QAM fall between 32QAM and 64QAM. The configuration of a QAM scheme where the number of signal points becomes 3 × 2p−1 where p is an integer greater than or equal to 3 is shown, as are theoretical values for the SER properties of 12QAM and 24QAM in particular. Also shown are the theoretical values of the BER properties with and without differential encoding; these are verified with a computer simulation. A discussion based on these results concerns the effectiveness of M‐QAM in the sense of expanding decision branches for adaptive modulation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(2): 46–57, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20269
A proposal of VoIP quality assurance method by admission control
Authors: Nasuno Yutaka , Konno Susumu , Iwaya Yukio , Kinoshita Tetsuo , Arai Ken Ichi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecently, the use of VoIP, which is a voice communication service based on an IP network, has been spreading rapidly. However, the quality of service of VoIP has not currently reached the quality of service of a conventional circuit‐switched network due to the technical features of an IP network. For IP networks to replace conventional circuit‐switched networks in the future, various types of present‐day problems must be resolved. Therefore, the authors propose a method of performing admission control for VoIP call setup requests to assure voice quality according to management of the number of VoIP sessions based on the assumption that the quality of a fixed capacity is assured according to VoIP priority control in addition to the packet‐level quality provisions of ITU‐T Recommendation Y.1541. They also show experimental results concerning the VoIP quality of service measurement indices required by this proposal, the effectiveness of admission control, and the monitor for the number of VoIP sessions and discuss contributions to standardization for promoting more widespread use of the VoIP quality assurance method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(2): 12–22, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20331
PIV measurement and turbulence scale in turbulent combustion
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Inoue Satoshi , Yamashita Hiroshi , Shimokuri Daisuke , Ishizuka Satoru , Onuma Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe have investigated turbulent combustion by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technique. Comparing with LDV data, the validity of PIV measurements has been confirmed. Particularly, the conditions of sampling number and spatial resolution have been shown to yield reliable data using PIV. Based on the velocity fields in cold flow and combustion, the interaction between flame and flow has been discussed. It was observed that the flow field is changed by combustion and the turbulence is reduced. In order to determine statistical quantities such as mean velocity and RMS of velocity fluctuation, a sampling number of 1000 is needed. Moreover, the velocity correlation coefficient was evaluated to obtain the integral length scale of the flow. For both cold flow and combustion, the PIV estimated scale is very close to that of LDV based on the assumption of Taylor's hypothesis. As a result, the spatial resolution in this study is about 6 times smaller than the integral length scale. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(7): 501–512, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20129
Simple method to support optimization of layouts for vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) for refrigerators
Authors: Kudoh Mitsuo , Ohira Akiyoshi , Nakamura Hirokazu , Araki Kuninari 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe proposed a technique of analysis that supports the optimization of layouts for vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) for refrigerators, using a one‐dimensional technique of calculation to simulate the heat loss caused by VIP envelope materials. VIP thermal characteristics were described by approximating system efficiency by using the panels' average length (Lp). We compared this simplified method to three‐dimensional numerical analysis of 1 to 6µm thick, vacuum‐packed aluminum foil and 1.5 to 6 mW/mK thermally conductive heat‐insulated core materials, and verified them to be within a 1% margin of error. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(7): 451–463, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20132
Prospective study of body mass index, height, physical activity and incidence of bladder cancer in US men and women
Authors: Holick Crystal N. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Stampfer Meir J. , Michaud Dominique S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe evaluated prospectively the association between body mass index (BMI), height, recreational physical activity and the risk of bladder cancer among US adults. Data were used from 2 ongoing cohorts, the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study and the Nurses' Health Study, with 3,542,012 years of follow‐up and 866 incident bladder cancer cases (men = 507; women = 359) for the anthropometric analysis and 1,890,476 years of follow‐up and 706 incident bladder cancer cases (men = 502; women = 204) for the physical activity analysis. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between BMI, height, physical activity and bladder cancer risk adjusting for age, pack‐years of cigarette smoking and current smoking. Estimates from each cohort were pooled using a random‐effects model. We observed no association between baseline BMI and bladder cancer risk, even when we compared a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 to a BMI of 18–22.9 kg/m2 [pooled multivariate (MV) RR, 1.16; 95% CI: 0.89–1.52]. A weak, but statistically significant, association was observed for the same comparison after excluding bladder cancer cases diagnosed within the first 4 years of follow‐up (pooled MV RR, 1.33; 95% CI: 1.01–1.76). Height was not related to bladder cancer risk (pooled MV RR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.65–1.03, top vs. bottom quintile). Total recreational physical activity also was not associated with the risk of bladder cancer (pooled MV RR, 0.97; 95% CI: 0.77–1.24, top vs. bottom quintile). Our findings do not support a role for BMI, height or physical activity in bladder carcinogenesis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined human papillomavirus DNA and human papillomavirus‐like particle serologic assay to identify women at risk for high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Einstein Mark H. , Studentsov Yevgeniy Y. , Ho Gloria Y.F. , Fazzari Melissa , Marks Morgan , Kadish Anna S. , Goldberg Gary L. , Runowicz Carolyn D. , Burk Robert D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the utility of a second generation human papillomavirus (HPV) virus‐like particle (VLP)‐based ELISA as an adjunct to HPV DNA testing to identify women at risk for high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Participants provided blood, cervical samples and interviewer‐obtained questionnaire information. HPV VLPs for types 16, 18, 33, 45 and 52 were produced using a baculovirus expression system. These highly purified VLPs were used in a polymer‐based ELISA test. Cases with biopsy‐confirmed CIN (CIN I, n = 237; CIN II, n = 56; CIN III, n = 48) and controls (n = 351) with normal Pap smears were tested for HPV DNA by PCR and serologic response to multiple oncogenic HPV VLPs. 258/341 (76%) of cases and 230/351 (65.5%) of control patients had any type of HPV VLP antibody (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.16–2.30). More cases were seropositive than controls for each individual HPV type (p < 0.001 for HPV types 16, 18, 33 and 45; p = 0.06 for HPV 52). Reactivity to an increasing number of different HPV type‐specific VLPs are associated with high‐grade CIN independent of HPV DNA status. HPV VLP assays may be useful as an adjunct to HPV DNA testing in a subset of patients that needs to be defined by further studies. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SPAN‐XB core promoter sequence is regulated in myeloma cells by specific CpG dinucleotides associated with the MeCP2 protein
Authors: Wang Zhiqing , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yana , Srivenugopal Kalkunte S. , Lim Seah H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSPAN‐Xb is a novel cancer‐testis antigen in multiple myeloma. We recently demonstrated that SPAN‐Xb expression in myeloma cells is regulated through promoter methylation and could be upregulated by IL‐7 and GM‐CSF. In this present study, we set out to investigate the mechanism of SPAN‐XB expression and the promoter association with the methyl‐CpG binding protein (MeCP2). Elucidation of these interactions is likely shed light on potential therapeutic strategies to upregulate antigen levels for SPAN‐Xb‐based tumor vaccines. Using a panel of truncated promoter constructs, we localize the core sequence of SPAN‐XB promoter to the 73 bp at the 3′ end of the promoter, a region within the full length promoter that lacks CpG dinucleotides. Reporter gene expression assays showed that the core promoter function is significantly modulated by the adjacent CpG sequences. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed a specific association of MeCP2 with the promoter, and MeCP2 binding strongly correlated with repression of SPAN‐XB gene. Reactivation of the SPAN‐XB gene by 5‐azacytidine treatment resulted in the loss of MeCP2 from this site. We, therefore, conclude that SPAN‐XB core promoter function in myeloma cells is associated with MeCP2 protein binding and regulated by specific CpG dinucleotide sequences. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zooplankton Distribution Related to Environmental Factors and Phytoplankton in a Shallow Tropical Lake (Lake Guiers, Senegal, West Africa)
Authors: Kâ Samba , Pagano Marc , Bâ Nganssoumana , Bouvy Marc , Leboulanger Christophe , Arfi Robert , Thiaw Omar T. , Ndour El Hadji M. , Corbin Daniel , Defaye Danielle , Cuoc Corinne , Kouassi Ernest 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe chemical and biological characteristics of Lake Guiers (Senegal) have changed markedly since the impoundment of the Senegal River (Diama and Manantali dams) and subsequent development of irrigated agriculture in the nineteen eighties. On a longitudinal transect of 10 stations (from south to north), the environmental characteristics and the spatial variability of physicochemical variables, phytoplankton and zooplankton communities were studied. Within a marked south‐north gradient, the southern stations were characterized by the highest conductivity and pH and by the lowest values of suspended solids, chlorophyll‐a concentrations and phytoplankton abundance (mainly Chlorophycea, Cyanobacteria and Bacillariophycea). The spatial distribution of zooplankton showed a clear distinction between the southern zone, characterized by the presence of the rotifers Brachionus falcatus and Conochiloides sp., the cladoceran Bosmina longirostris, the cyclopoid Thermocyclops neglectus and the calanoid Pseudodiaptomus hessei. A co‐inertia analysis clearly showed that environmental factors and phytoplankton drives the spatial distribution of zooplankton communities. The comparison of our data with previous studies suggests a marked change in the biological communities since the impoundment of the Senegal River, with rarefaction of P. hessei and proliferation of the cyclopoid Mesocyclops ogunnus. Several hypotheses are discussed to explain these biological changes. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Aquatic Macrophyte Approach to Assess the Impact of Disturbances on the Diversity of the Ecosystem and on River Quality
Authors: Thiébaut Gabrielle 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDisturbance has long been recognized as an important determinant of community characteristics in aquatic systems. The aims of our study were to evaluate the impact of different disturbances on the macrophyte diversity and on river quality. To this end, we investigated the floristic composition for different stretches impacted by disturbances and we tested both diversity indices and the trophic index (IBMR) “Biological Index Macrophytes in Rivers” in the Moselle river (NE of France). The river was divided into four sections of different lengths based on uniformity of morphological characteristics, substrate conditions and flowing velocity: the upper, the wild, the resectioned and the downstream Moselle. Floristic composition and water chemical parameters were analysed from 1999 to 2001. The man‐made increase of nutrient concentration favoured the floristic richness in the last sites of the upper Moselle, whereas river dynamics and floods did not allow the development of vegetation in the wild Moselle. Disturbances caused by industrial sewage and eutrophication allowed the spreading of pollu‐tolerant and riparian alien species. The aquatic macrophyte approach is a useful means to detect impact of disturbances on diversity and on river quality. However, it was not effective in assessing disturbances such as flood overflow or chemical pollution. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evidence‐based sepsis therapy: A hospitalist perspective
Authors: Jenkins Ian 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDSevere sepsis and septic shock are common and associated with a 30–50% mortality rate. Evidence‐based therapies for severe sepsis supported by international critical care and infectious disease societies exist, but are inconsistently employed.METHODSThe epidemiology and definitions of sepsis syndromes are reviewed; sepsis therapies supported by definitive studies in the field, along with the supporting literature, are summarized and presented from a hospitalist perspective.CONCLUSIONSCompelling observational data supports the importance of early, effective antibiotics. Well‐designed randomized controlled trials and/or meta‐analyses demonstrate the impact of activated protein C, early goal‐directed therapy, stress‐dose steroids, and intensive insulin in well‐defined subgroups of patients. These therapies reduce the absolute mortality risk associated with severe sepsis by 9.5–16%; the corresponding numbers needed to treat to save one life are 6.25–10.5. While major trials are ongoing and the evidence for several sepsis therapies are limited to single trials, the available evidence indicates that appropriate use of these treatments can substantially reduce mortality from severe sepsis. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2006;1:285–295.
Role of MRI in screening women at high risk for breast cancer
Authors: Lehman Constance D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBreast cancer is diagnosed in over one million women worldwide every year. Until breast cancer can be prevented, early detection offers the best chance for cure. Mammographic screening is an effective method for early detection in average‐risk women. However, the sensitivity of mammography is decreased in women at high risk for breast cancer. Because of its high sensitivity, multiple investigators have studied the potential role of MRI in screening women at high risk. In the past few years, results from eight major clinical trials exploring breast MRI as a screening tool have been published. Combined, the studies included 4271 patients and found 144 breast cancers detected by MRI, for an overall cancer yield of 3%. The sensitivity of MRI ranged from 71% to 100% across the studies. Although its reported specificity was variable, the call‐back rates and risk of benign biopsies were within acceptable limits. In general, patients who underwent breast MRI screening had a 10% risk of being called back, and a 5% risk of having a benign biopsy. This work reviews the literature and current practices and recommendations for MRI as a screening tool for high‐risk women. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survivin expression levels as independent predictors of survival for osteosarcoma patients
Authors: Osaka Eiji , Suzuki Takashi , Osaka Shunzo , Yoshida Yukihiro , Sugita Hideyuki , Asami Satoru , Tabata Keiichi , Sugitani Masahiko , Nemoto Norimichi , Ryu Junnosuke 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSurvivin expression has been detected in various cancers and correlations have been recognized between the level of expression of this gene in tumors and prognosis. However, the aforementioned authors did not evaluate correlations between prognosis and survivin expression levels using surgically resected samples. In this study, we retrospectively investigated outcomes by examining the correlations between expression of this gene and clinicopathological parameters. Biopsy and resected specimens from which paraffin‐embedded tissues could be extracted, were available from 16 patients in our hospital. We used the RT‐PCR method and conducted a densitometric analysis to determine the ratio of survivin relative to h‐GAPDH as an internal marker. Expression of survivin mRNA was detected in all samples. There was a significant negative correlation between survivin expression levels and duration of follow up, in months, using the Spearman's rank for the initial biopsy samples (rho=−0.775, p<0.01) and those obtained after chemotherapy (rho=−0.687, p<0.01). Moreover, Cox multivariate regression identified the survivin expression levels in both biopsy and post‐chemotherapy samples as independent predictors of survival. We conclude that survivin levels in both initial biopsy and post‐chemotherapy samples are useful prognostic indicators. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:116–121, 2007