bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adamah (Earth): Searching for and Constructing a Jewish Relationship to Nature
Authors: Immergut Matthew 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article examines the Adamah (Earth) Fellowship, a multi-denominational Jewish, sustainable and organic farming program in Northwestern Connecticut. Using a micro-sociological framework, I present an analysis of how this group of young Jews is attempting to use religious language, text and ritual to create a meaningful relationship to nature. In this effort, individuals are self-reflective, picking, choosing and trying on various religious resources within but also outside of their tradition's boundaries. In conclusion, I discuss the struggle participants have in feeling "held" by the religious world they are constructing. This article contributes to understanding the growing number of land-based religious projects seeking to recover or renew a religiously inspired relationship to the earth.
An Ecological Politics of Everyday Life: Placing Flesh on Whitehead's Process Philosophy in Search of "Green" Possibilities
Authors: Carolan Michael 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper highlights the significance of embodied, non-representational knowledge for understanding nature as a process (rather than a state). It begins by discussing Alfred North Whitehead's "first philosophy", out of which arises his profoundly original process ontology. Working from this alternative ontology, the paper then extends these insights "up" to the realms of knowledge, practice, and the corporeal poetics of everyday life. In doing this, discussion centers on what the author refers to as an ecological politics of everyday life. The paper concludes by briefly discussing a case where such a politics of the flesh is already underway.
Biodiversity and Sacred Sites: Vernacular Conservation Practices in Northwest Yunnan, China
Authors: Hakkenberg Christopher 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBiodiversity conservation strategies around the world have been criticized when the goals of international organizations clash with the needs and traditions of local people. While the characterization of global conservation initiatives as a clash between scientifically-informed environmental policies and indigenous knowledge may retain discursive value in explaining the interaction of contending epistemologies, it is nonetheless an over-simplification of a dynamic, complicated and sometimes opaque and contradictory process. This paper sheds light on some of the conservation programs in southwest China as a case where these seemingly distinct knowledge regimes lie not in stark contrast, but in fact coexist within a localized discourse on biological and cultural diversity. In the example of the sacred site tradition of northwest Yunnan, disparate knowledge regimes have been negotiated and reinterpreted at the local, and even individual level to form dynamic and unique motivations for a conservation ethic. In this negotiation of indigenous and global epistemologies, classic distinctions separating global and local interests prove erroneous, or at the very least, unnecessary.
Air Quality Forecast Verification Using Satellite Data
Authors: Kondragunta S. , Lee P. , McQueen J. , Kittaka C. , Prados A. I. , Ciren P. , Laszlo I. , Pierce R. B. , Hoff R. , Szykman J. J. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
NOAA’s operational geostationary satellite retrievals of aerosol optical depths (AODs) were used to verify National Weather Service developmental (research mode) particulate matter (PM2.5) predictions tested during the summer 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation/New England Air Quality Study (ICARTT/NEAQS) field campaign. The forecast period included long-range transport of smoke from fires burning in Canada and Alaska and a regional-scale sulfate event over the Gulf of Mexico and the eastern United States. Over the 30-day time period for which daytime hourly forecasts were compared with observations, the categorical (exceedance defined as AOD &gt; 0.55) forecast accuracy was between 0% and 20%. Hourly normalized mean bias (forecasts − observations) ranged between −50% and +50% with forecasts being positively biased when observed AODs were small and negatively biased when observed AODs were high. Normalized mean errors are between 50% and 100% with the errors on the lower end during the 18–22 July 2004 time period when a regional-scale sulfate event occurred. Spatially, the errors are small over the regions where sulfate plumes were present. The correlation coefficient also showed similar features (spatially and temporally) with a peak value of ∼0.6 during the 18–22 July 2004 time period. The dominance of long-range transport of smoke into the United States during the summer of 2004, neglected in the model predictions, skewed the model forecast performance. Enhanced accuracy and reduced normalized mean errors during the time period when a sulfate event prevailed show that the forecast system has skill in predicting PM2.5 associated with urban/industrial pollution events.
The Oklahoma Dispersion Model: Using the Gaussian Plume Model as an Operational Management Tool for Determining Near-Surface Dispersion Conditions across Oklahoma
Authors: Carlson J. D. , Arndt Derek S. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The Oklahoma Dispersion Model (ODM) represents a current innovative application of the classic Gaussian plume model in an operational setting. Utilizing a statewide mesoscale automated weather station network (the Oklahoma Mesonet) for current weather conditions and 60-h gridded Nested Grid Model (NGM) model output statistics (MOS) forecasts for future conditions, the ODM is an Internet-based management tool that can be used to qualitatively assess current and future atmospheric dispersion conditions across Oklahoma for near-surface releases of gases and small particulates. The ODM is designed to qualitatively assess concentrations at ground level near the plume centerline at downwind distances of up to 4000 m. The Gaussian plume model is used in conjunction with rural Briggs sigma-y and sigma-z coefficients to estimate horizontal and vertical dispersion. Pasquill stability class is calculated in two ways: for current conditions, Oklahoma Mesonet weather data are used in conjunction with algorithms recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency; for forecast conditions, the Turner method is used. A method is employed that breaks the atmosphere into six dispersion categories, ranging from excellent to very poor. The ODM generates both graphical and text output. Statewide colored maps showing current conditions for dispersion (dilution of plume) and transport (direction of plume movement) are generated every 15 and 5 min, respectively. Similar maps for future conditions are generated every 12 h using gridded 60-h NGM MOS forecasts. In addition to graphical output, tabular output for future conditions at specific MOS locations is available. The ODM has been used as a management tool in the agriculture and natural resources arenas in conjunction with prescribed burning (smoke), pesticide application, and odors associated with animal agriculture.
Measuring Cloud Cover and Brightness Temperature with a Ground-Based Thermal Infrared Camera
Authors: Smith Stephen , Toumi Ralf 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Thermal infrared cameras can be used to monitor clouds and the sky at high spatial and temporal resolutions. In particular, this study shows that, without the need for any external data, cloud cover can be retrieved both day and night over a field of view extending to zenith angles of ∼80°. Zenith clear sky temperatures are estimated for cloud cover up to 80%. During periods of 50% cloud cover or more the cloud-base brightness temperatures (CBBTs) can be calculated to an accuracy of ±1 K. These calculations are made possible by using a new parameterization for the variation of sky brightness temperature with zenith angle. Both clear and cloudy conditions are found to follow this simple empirical equation more closely than the widely used parameterization of Unsworth and Monteith. A simple, angle-dependent threshold system based on cloud transmittance can then be used to retrieve cloud cover, and clear sky temperature and CBBT are calculated using the two parameters resulting from the fitting process.
A Binned Approach to Cloud-Droplet Riming Implemented in a Bulk Microphysics Model
Authors: Saleeby Stephen M. , Cotton William R. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
This paper presents the development and application of a binned approach to cloud-droplet riming within a bulk microphysics model. This approach provides a more realistic representation of collision–coalescence that occurs between ice and cloud particles of various sizes. The binned approach allows the application of specific collection efficiencies, within the stochastic collection equation, for individual size bins of droplets and ice particles; this is in sharp contrast to the bulk approach that uses a single collection efficiency to describe the growth of a distribution of an ice species by collecting cloud droplets. Simulations of a winter orographic cloud event reveal a reduction in riming when using the binned riming approach and, subsequently, larger amounts of supercooled liquid water within the orographic cloud.
Use of a Radar Simulator on the Output Fields from a Numerical Mesoscale Model to Analyze X-Band Rain Estimators
Authors: Zahiri E-P. , Gosset M. , Lafore J-P. , Gouget V. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
A full radar simulator, which works with the 3D output fields from a numerical mesoscale model, has been developed. This simulator uses a T-matrix code to calculate synthetic radar measurements, accounts for both backscattering and propagation effects, and includes polarimetric variables. The tool is modular to allow several options in the derivation of the synthetic radar variables. A measurement uncertainty can be taken into account on both the simulated reflectivities and the differential phase shift. A scheme can also be switched on to allow for the gate-to-gate variability of the rain drops size distribution or, also, their oblateness. This work was done in the framework of the installation in West Africa of a polarimetric X-band radar for the observation of tropical rain. Accordingly, the first objective pursued with this simulation setup is a detailed analysis of X-band polarimetric rain retrieval algorithms. Two retrieval schemes, a simple R–KDP formula and a profiler that uses both reflectivity and ϕDP, are tested. For that purpose the simulator is run on a model case study of an African squall line, then the two schemes are used to retrieve the rain rates from the synthetic radar variables and compare them to the original. The scores of the schemes are discussed and compared. The authors analyze the sensitivity of the results to the measurement uncertainty and also to several aspects of drop size distribution and drop shape variability.
A New Technique to Categorize and Retrieve the Microphysical Properties of Ice Particles above the Melting Layer Using Radar Dual-Polarization Spectral Analysis
Authors: Spek A. L. J. , Unal C. M. H. , Moisseev D. N. , Russchenberg H. W. J. , Chandrasekar V. , Dufournet Y. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
In this study, a dual-polarization spectral analysis for retrieval of microphysical properties of ice hydrometeors is developed. It is shown that, by using simultaneous Doppler polarimetric observations taken at a 45° elevation angle, it is possible to discriminate between different types of ice particles. Particle size distribution parameters for maximally two dominating types of ice particles (aggregates and plates) observed above the melting layer are retrieved. Prior to the retrieval algorithm, a selection of possible types of ice particles based on environmental conditions is carried out. The retrieval procedure is based on a least squares optimization that simultaneously minimizes fit residuals in a Doppler power spectrum and spectral differential reflectivity. The proposed method is illustrated on transportable atmospheric radar (TARA) observations of stratiform rain collected on 19 September 2001 at Cabauw, Netherlands.
A Nonstationary Extreme Value Analysis for the Assessment of Changes in Extreme Annual Wind Speed over the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada
Authors: Hundecha Y. , St-Hilaire A. , Ouarda T. B. M. J. , El Adlouni S. , Gachon P. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Changes in the extreme annual wind speed in and around the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada) were investigated through a nonstationary extreme value analysis of the annual maximum 10-m wind speed obtained from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) dataset as well as observed data from selected stations of Environment Canada. A generalized extreme value distribution with time-dependent location and scale parameters was used to estimate quantiles of interest as functions of time at locations where significant trend was detected. A Bayesian method, the generalized maximum likelihood approach, is implemented to estimate the parameters. The analysis yielded shape parameters very close to 0, suggesting that the distribution can be modeled using the Gumbel distribution. A similar analysis using a nonstationary Gumbel model yielded similar quantiles with narrower credibility intervals. Overall, little change was detected over the period 1979–2004. Only 7% of the investigated grids exhibited trends at the 5% significant level, and the analysis performed on the reanalysis data at locations of significant trend indicated a rise in the median extreme annual wind speed by up to 2 m s−1 per decade in the southern coastal areas with a corresponding increase in the 90% and 99% quantiles of the extreme annual wind speeds by up to 5 m s−1 per decade. Also in the northern part of the gulf and some offshore areas in the south, the 50%, 90%, and 99% quantile values of the extreme annual wind speeds are noted to drop by up to 1.5, 3, and 5 m s−1, respectively. While the directions of the changes in the annual extremes at the selected stations are similar to those of the reanalysis data at nearby grid cells, the magnitudes and significance levels of the changes are generally inconsistent. Change at the same significance level over the same period of the NARR dataset was noted only at 2 stations out of 13.
Sensitivity of MJO Simulation and Predictability to Sea Surface Temperature Variability
Authors: Kim Hye-Mi , Hoyos Carlos D. , Webster Peter J. , Kang In-Sik 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The influence of sea surface temperature (SST) on the simulation and predictability of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is examined using the Seoul National University atmospheric general circulation model (SNU AGCM). Forecast skill was examined using serial climate simulations spanning eight different winter seasons with 30-day forecasts commencing every 5 days, giving a total of 184 thirty-day simulations. The serial runs were repeated using prescribing observed SST with monthly, weekly, and daily temporal resolutions. The mean SST was the same for all cases so that differences between experiments result from the different temporal resolutions of the SST boundary forcing.
It is shown that high temporal SST frequency acts to improve 1) the MJO activity of 200-hPa velocity potential field over the entire Asian monsoon region at all lead times; 2) the percentage of filtered variance of the two leading EOF modes that explain the eastward propagation of MJO; 3) the power of the wavenumber 1 eastward propagating mode; and 4) the forecast skill of MJO, maintaining it for longer periods. However, the MJO phase relationship between MJO convection and SST, as is often the case with many atmosphere-only models, although well simulated at the beginning of forecast period becomes distorted rapidly as the forecast lead time increases, even with the daily SST forcing case. Comparison of AGCM simulations with coupled GCM (CGCM) integrations shows that ocean–atmosphere coupling improves considerably the phase relationship between SST and convection. The CGCM results reinforce that the MJO is a coupled phenomenon and suggest strongly the need of the ocean–atmosphere coupled processes to extend predictability.
Climatological Basin-Scale Amazonian Evapotranspiration Estimated through a Water Budget Analysis
Authors: Karam Hanan N. , Bras Rafael L. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Spatially averaged evapotranspiration [ET] over the Amazon Basin is computed as the residual of the basin’s atmospheric water balance equation, at the monthly time scale and for the period 1988–2001. Basin-averaged rainfall [P] is obtained from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) dataset, and alternative estimates of the net convergence of atmospheric water vapor flux over the basin [C] are derived from three global reanalyses: the NCEP–NCAR and NCEP–Department of Energy (DOE) reanalyses and the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40). Additionally, a best estimate of [C] is obtained by taking a weighted average of data from these three sources, in which the weight factors are based on the random error attributed to each reanalysis’ [C] estimates by comparison to river discharge data. The resulting time series is dominated by ERA-40’s contribution, which was found to be the most accurate over the study period. Data products from the three reanalyses are also employed to compute the monthly tendencies of total precipitable water over the basin. While the seasonal signature of this “accumulation term” provides important insight into the Amazon Basin’s hydrological cycle, its magnitude is found to be negligible relative to the other components of the water budget. The value of mean annual [ET] presented in this work is significantly lower than other published estimates that are based on simulations by various land surface models. Furthermore, when the best estimate of [C] is used, the resulting [ET] time series exhibits a seasonal cycle that is in phase with that of basin-averaged surface net radiation, suggesting that Amazonian evapotranspiration is prevalently limited by energy availability. In contrast, most land surface models, including that of the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, simulate water-limited evapotranspiration in the Amazon Basin. The analysis presented here supports the hypothesis that most Amazonian trees sustain elevated evapotranspiration rates during the dry season through deep roots, which tap into large reservoirs of soil water that are replenished during the following wet season.
Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Radiometric and Radiosonde Observations in an Arctic Environment
Authors: Mattioli V. , Westwater E. R. , Cimini D. , Gasiewski A. J. , Klein M. , Leuski V. Y. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
In a recent paper by Mattioli et al., a significant difference was observed between upper-tropospheric and lower-stratospheric water vapor profiles as observed by two radiosonde systems operating in the Arctic. The first was the Vaisala RS90 system as operated by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program; the second was the operational radiosondes launched by the U.S. National Weather Service that used the Sippican VIZ-B2 type. Observations of precipitable water vapor by ground-based microwave radiometers and GPS did not reveal these differences. However, both the microwave radiometer profiler (MWRP) and the ground-based scanning radiometer (GSR) contain channels that receive a significant response from the upper-tropospheric region. In this paper, it is shown that brightness temperature (Tb) observations from these instruments are in consistent agreement with calculations based on the RS90 data but differ by several degrees with calculations based on the VIZ radiosondes. It is also shown that calculations of Tb can serve as a gross quality control of upper-tropospheric soundings.
ALK− anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is clinically and immunophenotypically different from both ALK+ ALCL and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: report from the International Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Project
Authors: Savage Kerry J. , Harris Nancy Lee , Vose Julie M. , Ullrich Fred , Jaffe Elaine S. , Connors Joseph M. , Rimsza Lisa , Pileri Stefano A. , Chhanabhai Mukesh , Gascoyne Randy D. , Armitage James O. , Weisenburger Dennis D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe International Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Project is a collaborative effort designed to gain better understanding of peripheral T-cell and natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs). A total of 22 institutions in North America, Europe, and Asia submitted clinical and pathologic information on PTCLs diagnosed and treated at their respective centers. Of the 1314 eligible patients, 181 had anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL; 13.8%) on consensus review: One hundred fifty-nine had systemic ALCL (12.1%) and 22 had primary cutaneous ALCL (1.7%). Patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase–positive (ALK+) ALCL had a superior outcome compared with those with ALK− ALCL (5-year failure-free survival [FFS], 60% vs 36%; P = .015; 5-year overall survival [OS], 70% vs 49%; P = .016). However, contrary to prior reports, the 5-year FFS (36% vs 20%; P = .012) and OS (49% vs 32%; P = .032) were superior for ALK− ALCL compared with PTCL, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). Patients with primary cutaneous ALCL had a very favorable 5-year OS (90%), but with a propensity to relapse (5-year FFS, 55%). In summary, ALK− ALCL should continue to be separated from both ALK+ ALCL and PTCL-NOS. Although the prognosis of ALK− ALCL appears to be better than that for PTCL-NOS, it is still unsatisfactory and better therapies are needed. Primary cutaneous ALCL is associated with an indolent course.
Polymorphisms in the type IV collagen α3 gene and the risk of COPD
Authors: Kim K. M. , Park S. H. , Kim J. S. , Lee W. K. , Cha S. I. , Kim C. H. , Kang Y. M. , Jung T. H. , Kim I. S. , Park J. Y. 
Published: April 2008

A number of genome-wide linkage analyses have identified the 2q33.3–2q37.2 region as the most likely to contain the genes that contribute to the susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It was hypothesised that the type IV collagen α3 (COL4A3) gene, which is one of the genes located in the 2q33.3–2q37.2 region, may act as a low-penetrance susceptibility gene for COPD.To test this hypothesis, the association ofCOL4A3-1162T>C, IVS2+12C>A, P141L, G162E, H451R, P574L and *315C>A polymorphisms with the risk of COPD was investigated in a case–control study of 311 COPD patients and 386 controls.The presence of at least one 451R allele was associated with a significantly higher risk of COPD compared with the 451 H/H genotype (adjusted odds ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval (1.03–2.14)). When the subjects were stratified according to age and COPD severity, the 451R allele was associated with a significantly higher risk of COPD only in younger individuals with severe COPD (3.02 (1.37–6.67)).In conclusion, these findings suggest that the type IV collagen α3 gene contributes to the genetic susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.