bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of bromocriptine, somatostatin, and oestradiol-17 β on hormone secretion and ultrastructure of human pituitary tumours in vitro
Authors: Prysor-Jones R. A. , Kennedy S.J. , O'Sullivan J. P. , Jenkins J. S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effect of bromocriptine and somatostatin on hormone secretion and the ultrastructure of human pituitary adenomas was studied in vitro. Prolactin secretion was inhibited by bromocriptine in 3 out of 10 prolactin-secreting tumours and in explants from 2 normal pituitaries. GH secretion was reduced by bromocriptine in 4 out of 6 GH-secreting adenomas but was not affected by the drug in the incubations of normal pituitaries. Somatostatin inhibited GH secretion in 2 out of 5 pituitary adenomas and the effect was comparable with that of bromocriptine. Incubation of prolactin-secreting adenomas with oestradiol for as long as 24 days produced no change in hormone secretion. Examination of tumour explants by electron microscopy showed that somatostatin and bromocriptine produced accumulation of secretion granules but no changes in the secretory organelles. Long term bromocriptine treatment of 'nude' athymic mice bearing xenografts of human pituitary adenomas suppressed hormone secretion and produced some increase in secretion granules but there were no morphological changes in the secretory organelles or other vital structures of the adenoma cells.
The relationships between surgical histometry, outcome and pre-treatment in Graves' disease
Authors: Wilkin T.J. , Gunn A. , Moussa M. Al , Isles T. E. , Crooks J. , Beck J. Swanson 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Quantitative histometric methods were used to established the relationship between the extent of thyroid lymphocytic infiltration at operation, and outcome exactly 18 months later in 50 surgically-treated Graves' disease patients prepared by carbimazole and triiodothyronine. Periods of pre-operative treatment, surgical technique, histometric analysis and diagnostic criteria were all standardised. Controls (107) were obtained from the forensic laboratory. Thirty-seven patients became euthyroid, but there was no relationship between outcome and epithelial or lymphoid content of the thyroid gland. Neither was there any correlation between the size of lymphoid infiltrate and epithelial mass of the resected thyroids, suggesting that simple lymphocyte infiltrations do not replace thyroid tissue as once thought.
The variation in thyroid epithelial content was nearly 3-fold, so that a surgeon, even if able accurately to judge the anatomical mass of the remnant, would still have little or no idea of its functional mass. The scatter of epithelial content was even greater in glands from patients prepared for surgery by propranolol alone (38 glands, variation × 5.5) or propranolol and iodide (32 glands, variation × 5.9).
Outcome after sub-total thyroidectomy for Graves' disease seems unrelated to the lymphocyte content of the gland and it is questionable to what extent the surgeon can either predict or control the outcome of thyroidectomy in individual Graves' disease patients.
Different effects of oestradiol, oestriol, oestetrol and of oestrone on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in long term tissue culture
Authors: Jozan S. , Kreitmann B. , Bayard F. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effects of oestradiol (Oe2), oestrone (Oe1), oestriol (Oe3), oestetrol (Oe4) on the induction of the progesterone receptor (PgR) and growth of MCF-7 cells are compared. All the four oestrogens increase cell PgR concentration. Analysis of the dose-response curves shows induction by Oe2 to be 10 times and 50 times greater than Oe3 and Oe4, respectively. Oe1 and Oe2 are equally effective, even with consideration of metabolic conversion of Oe1 into Oe2. When compared with untreated cells, Oe2, Oe3 and Oe4 do not influence significantly the plating efficiency but all 3 hormones increase thymidine incorporation of cells in log phase growth. Oe2, Oe3 and Oe4 are able to rescue the growth inhibition induced by antioestrogens. The respective potency compared to Oe2 is again in the range of 10 and 50 times lower for Oe3 and Oe4, respectively. On the other hand Oe1 decreases plating efficiency, thymidine incorporation and does not rescue the growth inhibition induced by antioestrogens when the metabolic conversion of Oe1 into Oe2 is prevented. Thus, Oe3 and Oe4 behave like complete Oe2 agonists whereas Oe1 has dissociated effects, agonist on PgR induction and antagonist on cell growth.
Effect of bromocryptine on 20α-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase regulation in the corpus luteum of the pregnant rat
Authors: Loewit K. , Kofler R. , Tabarelli M. , Schwarz S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were passively immunized with antiserum to bovine luteinizing hormone (anti-LH) on day 10 of pregnancy, and treated with 1 mg/day or 1.5 mg/day of the prolactin (Prl) inhibitor bromocryptine (BEC) between days 10 to 12 or 9 to 12, respectively. On day 12 a laparotomy was performed to assess the state of pregnancy and to remove the ovaries for histochemical detection of 20α-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase (20α-OHSD) in the corpora lutea of pregnancy. In a second experiment pregnant rats were treated with 1.5mg BEC/day from days 17 to 22, checked for foetal state and ovariectomized on day 22 before giving birth. Treatment with BEC in effective doses did not interfere with anti-LH-induced termination of pregnancy and consequent reappearance of 20α-OHSD activity on day 12, or with spontanenous recurrence of enzyme activity at the end of gestation. It is concluded that Prl has no direct and immediate role in 20α-OHSD regulation, at least on day 12, although substitution by endogenous rat placental lactogen at the end of pregnancy cannot be excluded.
Inherited male pseudohermaphroditism due to gonadotrophin unresponsiveness
Authors: Pérez-Palacios Gregorio , Scaglia Hugo E. , Kofman-Alfaro Susana , Saavedra O. Dolores , Ochoa Sergio , Larraza Oscar , Pérez Ana E. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
An inherited form of incomplete male pseudohermaphroditism was studied in two post-pubertal and one pre-pubertal sibling. All patients presented a 46XY karyotype, infantile female external genitalia, lack of breast development and sexual hair. Persistently elevated serum levels of gonadotrophins with normal pituitary responsiveness to LRH were found. Serum 17-OH progesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone levels were extremely low before and after gonadal stimulation with hCG. Laparotomy revealed absence of Wolffian and Mullerian derivatives. Testes were small and cryptorchidic. Microscopic and ultrastructural examination revealed seminiferous tubules with absence of spermatogenesis and normal Sertoli cells. The interstitial spaces were mainly occupied by poorly differentiated cells although in the post-pubertal patients there were small and randomly distributed nodules of Leydig cells without crystaloids. Incubation of testicular tissue from one post-pubertal patient with [14C]acetate showed lack of 14C-incorporation into appropriate steroid carriers. These data were interpreted as demonstrating that gonadotrophin resistance was the underlying abnormality of this syndrome, representing the human counterpart of the 'vet' pseudohermaphroditic rat.
The effect of low dose oestrogens on short-term growth and concomitant biochemical phenomena in girls with tall stature
Authors: van den Bosch John S. G. , Smals Anthony G. H. , Kloppenborg Peter W. C. , Valk Ignace M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Using a simple non-invasive ulnar length measuring technique a 70 to 80% decrease in ulnar growth velocity was found during one interval of 9 weeks of low dose ethinyloestradiol administration (0.050 mg daily) in girls with tall stature. This decrease in ulnar growth velocity was found to be statistically significant within 6 and even 3 weeks after starting oestrogen loading whereas the change in body growth velocity was only significant after 9 weeks. After interrupting oestrogen administration, ulnar growth velocities increased again but to values tending to be lower than before ethinyloestradiol loading.
Serum alkaline phosphatase activities and plasma inorganic phosphorus and calcium levels also decreased significantly during oestrogen therapy within 9 weeks. The results found illustrate that the measuring technique used enables evaluation of the short-term effect of hormonal treatment on growth and thereby related biochemical phenomena.
Pituitary apoplexy in acromegaly during bromocriptine therapy
Authors: Yamaji Tohru , Ishibashi Miyuki , Kosaka Kinori , Fukushima Takanori , Hori Tomokatsu , Manaka Shinya , Sano Keiji 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Two cases of pituitary apoplexy occurring in the course of long-term bromocriptine therapy for active acromegaly are described. Although bromocriptine was effective in lowering serum growth hormone levels and concomitant clinical improvement was achieved, both patients developed an acute episode suggesting pituitary apoplexy when the therapy was continued for 6 and 24 months, respectively. Surgery verified marked haemorrhage and necrosis of an eosinophilic pituitary adenoma in each case. Bromocriptine may have suppressed the growth of these pituitary adenomas resulting in necrosis of the tumour, followed by haemorrhage into the adenoma. Pituitary apoplexy has not been documented as a complication of bromocriptine therapy. This report points out a possible role of bromocriptine in the development of this catastrophe and that careful follow-up is required when long-term treatment with bromocriptine is attempted.
Serum thyroglobulin in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: histological and metastatic classification
Authors: Shah D. H. , Dandekar S. R. , Jeevanram R. K. , Kumar Ajay , Sharma S. M. , Ganatra R. D. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Serum thyroglobulin (tg) levels were measured in 112 patients with proved differentiated thyroid carcinoma (6 pre-operative, 32 post-operative and 74 in whom thyroidectomy was followed by radioiodine treatment). The tg levels were within the normal range in patients who had a residual mass in the neck region after surgery and who were in remission. The patients with metastases showed a wide range (undetectable to microgram quantities) of tg in circulation. The analysis of serum tg with respect to histology showed that the follicular variety of carcinoma tends to show higher tg in serum than the papillary type.
Metastatic involvement of bone was associated with much higher serum tg levels than other sites such as lung and lymph node.
Thirteen patients with bone metastases of non-thyroidal primary origin had tg levels within the normal range. Serum tg estimation is useful in excluding thyroid as a primary site in patients with bone metastases of unknown primary origin.
Iodide transport of thyroid plasma membranes
Authors: Endo Y. , Nakagawa H. , Aikawa E. , Ohtaki S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Plasma membranes consisting of closed vesicles were isolated from hog thyroid homogenate. The membrane vesicles showed uphill transport of iodide from an external medium containing monovalent cations, of which K+ induced iodide transport more potently than Na+. The activity of the iodide transport expressed as T/M[I−] was as little as 3 to 11 in the presence of K+, but was invariably present. The ratio reached a maximum within about 10 min and then decreased fairly rapidly to unity. The addition of SCN− or ClO−4 to the external medium inhibited iodide transport. The transport activity was found to be maximum at pH 7.0 to 7.5 in the external medium. A kinetic study showed that the transport rate was saturated with respect to the iodide concentration.
These observations suggested the presence of a carrier-mediated iodide transport system which was coupled with K+ flux across the plasma membrane.
Autoregulation of 3, 3′,5′-triiodothyronine production by rat liver microsomes
Authors: Kaminski T. , Köhrle J. , Ködding R. , Hesch R.-D. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Conversion of thyroxine (T4) to 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine (rT3) was studied in rat liver microsomes. Addition of rT3 at a physiological concentration to the incubation medium inhibited the deiodination of thyroxine to rT3. With a concentration of rT3 greater than 37.6 nM no net rT3 production at pH 8.0 was observed. Further increases in rT3 concentration resulted only in degradation of added rT3 and no net synthesis of rT3 from T4 could be detected. The inhibitory effect of rT3 upon its own production from T4 was pH dependent, 5 fold lower amounts of hormone being required to inhibit completely rT3 production at pH 7.4 than at pH 8.0. With the same experimental conditions no significant effect of rT3 on the conversion of T4 to 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) could be observed at pH 8.0 with all concentrations of added iodothyronine. A linear production of 3,3′-T2 from added rT3 was determined over the whole range of rT3 concentration, suggesting a lack of saturation of deiodinating enzyme. Binding of rT3 by anti-rT3 antibody added to the incubation mixture enhanced rT3 production from T4 by protecting rT3 from being degraded and/or diminishing the inhibitory effect of this iodothyronine on its own production. It was concluded that rT3 influenced its own production and that this effect may represent an important autoregulatory process in the iodothyronine metabolism.
Virilization of a post-menopausal woman by a testosterone-secreting Leydig cell type adrenal adenoma
Authors: Trost B. N. , Koenig M. P. , Zimmermann A. , Zachmann M. , Müller J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In a 60 year old virilized woman the plasma testosterone concentration was markedly elevated, whereas the plasma cortisol and ACTH as well as urinary 17-ketosteroids, 17-hydroxycorticoids, pregnanetriol and dehydroepiandrosterone were normal. The plasma levels of LH and FSH were in the post-menopausal range. Dexamethasone suppressed the urinary 17-ketosteroids, 17-hydroxycorticoids and pregnanetriol normally, but had no effect upon the plasma testosterone. These findings led to the tentative diagnosis of an ovarian hilus cell tumour. However, bilateral oophorectomy revealed bilateral hyperthecosis without a tumour and did not result in any decrease of the plasma testosterone level. An attempt of adrenal vein catheterization succeeded only on the left side. The lack of a gradient in the testosterone concentration between blood from the left adrenal vein and a peripheral vein prompted a surgical exploration of the right adrenal gland, which led to the discovery and removal of an encapsulated Leydig cell type adenoma, characterized by Reinke's crystalloids. A testosterone concentration gradient between right adrenal and peripheral venous blood obtained intra-operatively, rapid normalization of the plasma testosterone concentration post-operatively, results of a tumour incubation study as well as the clinical outcome proved that this adenoma had been the source of the excessive androgen. A history of a late menarche and persistent menstrual irregularities together with elevated gonadotrophins in spite of excessive testosterone pointed to the possibility of a longstanding gonadotrophin-dependent gonadal cell population in the adrenal, which was fully activated only by the menopausal gonadotrophin rise.
Methacholine, a cholinergic agent, stimulates catecholamine release in man
Authors: Hata Shunichi , Shigetomi Shu-ichi , Fukuchi Soitsu 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
To study the effect of cholinergic stimulation on catecholamine release, methacholine, a choline ester, was injected im into normal subjects.
Significant increases in plasma norpinephrine and plasma epinephrine concentrations were observed in response to methacholine administration with significant haemodynamic changes, but there was no correlation between the rise in plasma catecholamines and the haemodynamic changes.
These results suggest that the increases in plasma catecholamines induced by methacholine did not result from reflex responses to haemodynamic changes and thus could be a direct effect of methacholine on sympathetic nerves and the adrenal medulla.
Local placental influence on the uterine concentration of oestradiol-17β and progesterone in the pregnant guinea-pig
Authors: Batra S. , Thorbert G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Oestradiol-17β (Oe2) and progesterone (P) concentration in the various regions of the uterus, and in ovaries with or without corpora lutea, were determined in the unilaterally pregnant guinea-pig at mid-term and full-term of pregnancy. The concentrations of both Oe2 and P were highest in the non-pregnant horn, and lowest in the perifoetal and juxtaplacental tissue in mid-term and term pregnancies, respectively. The Oe2 concentration in corpus luteum bearing ovaries was much lower than in those without corpora lutea, whereas the P concentration was higher. Ovariectomy performed at term resulted in a decrease of about 40% in plasma P concentration and no significant change in Oe2 concentration. This suggests that there is at least some contribution of P by the ovary even at term of pregnancy. The present data also provide strong evidence for the lack of local placental influence on the concentration of Oe2 and P in the uterus.
Effect of inhibin on rat testicular desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Franchimont P. , Croze F. , Demoulin A. , Bologne R. , Hustin J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
When injected in vivo 3 h before sacrifice or when incubated in vitro with testicular fragments for 3 h, tritiated thymidine, a reliable index of DNA synthesis and of mitotic activity, was incorporated into the DNA of differentiated spermatogonia, as shown by autohistoradiography. The maximum DNA specific activity was obtained in pubertal rats aged 42 days, weight 150 g. Two preparations of inhibin extracted from ram rete testis fluid (RTF) of different molecular weight (> 10 000 for RTF1 and < 5000 for RTF3) but which possess the same biological properties were investigated for their effect on thymidine uptake in vivo and in vitro. In vivo both preparations specifically inhibited tritiated thymidine incorporation into testicular DNA of pubertal animals (42 days). No change in thymidine uptake into hepatic DNA was observed. Tritiated thymidine incorporation into testicular DNA was lower in normal adult rats and in hypophysectomized pubertal animals. RTF1 and RTF3 did not affect thymidine incorporation in either case. The reasons for this lack of effect are discussed. In vitro, both preparations induced a dose-dependent decrease in DNA synthesis in testis fragments from rats aged 42 and 49 days. The preparations lost their in vivo and in vitro inhibitory effects when denatured by heating and trypsin digestion. The inhibin preparations probably reduced testicular DNA synthesis and spermatogonial multiplication by reducing FSH secretion in vivo but also had a direct effect on the germ cells as shown by the in vitro experiments. These in vivo and in vitro actions of inhibin preparations are similar to those of the testicular chalones. The relationship which might exist between inhibin and the chalones is discussed.
Determination of thymidine incorporation activity in the sera from patients with short stature
Authors: Nakazawa Takako , Okada Yoshiaki , Kato Yukio , Suzuki Fujio , Kumahara Yuichi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Serum activity that stimulates DNA synthesis was determined in 130 patients of short stature, 6 with acromegaly, and 5 with anorexia nervosa, using a technique to measure [3H]thymidine incorporation into cultured human fibroblasts. The stimulation of thymidine incorporation into the fibroblasts, abbreviated as thymidine incorporation activity (TIA), was significantly lower than normal (P < 0.001) in 18 untreated children with GH-deficiency (0.63 ± 0.14 U/ml, mean ± sd), and in 5 patients with anorexia nervosa (0.58 ± 0.18), but higher than normal (P < 0.05) in 5 untreated acromegalic patients (1.30 ± 0.15). Pooled control serum from normal adult subjects was defined as having activity of 1 unit/ml of TIA. The mean TIA level of 6 untreated children with GH deficiency increased to normal (0.99 ± 0.26) in the last month of treatment with human growth hormone (KABI-hGH), and that of 5 acromegalic patients decreased to normal or less (0.89 ± 0.20) after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. There was a good correlation (r = 0.54, P < 0.001) between the TIA level and increase in height of 47 GH-deficient children treated with hGH. The TIA values in 22 blod samples obtained from 6 untreated children with GH-deficiency and 16 GH-deficient children treated with hGH were well correlated with values of measurements of [3H]thymidine incorporation into cultured growing chondrocytes of rabbits (r = 0.65, P < 0.001).
These results suggest that serum activity to stimulate [3H]thymidine incorporation into human fibroblasts has GH dependency, and should be a reliable index in bioassay of total somatomedin-like bioactivity in serum.
A hormonally controlled serum factor stimulating the thymidine uptake into lectin-activated lymphocytes
Authors: Thieriot-Prévost Geneviève , Schimpff Rose-Marie , Sharif A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The in vitro stimulation of [3H]thymidine uptake into lectin-activated lymphocytes in the presence of various sera was studied. The mean precision of the assay is 5%, and the study of the confidence intervals shows variations from 4% to 12%. Compared to a normal reference serum (fixed as 1 U/ml), the serum thymidine uptake stimulating activity (mean ± sem) was 1.04 ± 0.07 U/ml in normal adult males, 2.63 ± 0.48 U/ml in acromegalic patients, 1.51 ± 0.13 U/ml in constitutional dwarfism and 0.37 ± 0.04 U/ml in untreated hypopituitary dwarfism with a significant difference between the groups (P < 0.001). In patients with hypopituitarism a single im hGH dose (6 mg/m2) increased the thymidine uptake stimulating activity of serum within 24 to 48 h following injection. The effects of directly adding hGH, insulin and T3 to the assay, have been studied: pharmacological concentrations are required to produce only a slight effect. Physiological concentration of a purified preparation of somatomedin A stimulated thymidine uptake and its effect is increased in the presence of serum. These data demonstrate that [3H]thymidine uptake into lectin-activated lymphocytes is stimulated by a GH-dependent serum factor. The data suggest that this method should be proposed for an accurate and sensitive biological evaluation of serum thymidine uptake stimulating activity.
Prognostic value of thyrotrophin binding inhibiting immunoglobulins (TBII) in longterm antithyroid treatment, 131I therapy given in combination with carbimazole and in euthyroid ophthalmopathy
Authors: Bliddal Henning , Kirkegaard Carsten , Siersbæk-Nielsen Kaj , Friis Thorkild 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Thyrotrophin binding inhibiting immunoglobulins (TBII) were measured in 27 patients with Graves' disease during and after longterm antithyroid treatment. The median observation period after treatment was 24 months. During the first 6 months of treatment the TBII index increased significantly in both the relapse and the remission group, but during the rest of the treatment and the observation no further change was observed. Patients with a TBII index below 0.35 at drug withdrawal (n = 8) all relapsed and patients with values above 1.00 (n = 5) all stayed in remission. There was a significant correlation between the TBII index at drug withdrawal and the time elapsed before a relapse. Graves' disease was treated with 131I in combination with carbimazole in 22 patients. The TBII index of these patients decreased after 131I and increased towards normal values during longterm observation of median 33 months. Of 4 patients with euthyroid ophthalmopathy one was TBII positive. This patient became overt hyperthyroid after an observation period of two years of prednisone treatment. It is concluded, that the TBII index is of some prognostic value after longterm antithyroid treatment, but is of no clinical importance following 131I treatment.