bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cable grafting of the spinal accessory nerve for rehabilitation of shoulder function after radical neck dissection
Authors: Weisberger Edward C. , Lingeman Raleigh E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrom January 1981 through December 1985, 9 patients underwent radical neck dissection with sacrifice of the spinal accessory nerve for removal of metastatic cancer to cervical nodes followed by reconstruction of the spinal accessory nerve utilizing a cable graft from the greater auricular nerve.Shoulder function on the operated side was assessed postoperatively using a subjective questionnaire, objective strength testing, and EMG recordings. The group that had cable grafts of the spinal accessory nerve were compared to a group who had modified radical neck dissection with preservation of the spinal accessory nerve, and to a third group that had classical radical neck dissection with sacrifice of the spinal accessory nerve and no cable graft reconstruction.The group with cable grafts scored in a position intermediate between the modified neck dissection group and the classical radical neck dissection group on subjective and objective testing. Most of the patients with cable grafts demonstrated voluntary motor potentials in the trapezius muscle on postoperative EMG testing.Cable grafting of the spinal accessory nerve sacrificed during radical neck dissection results in improved shoulder function in the postoperative period. Indications and contraindications for the use of this rehabilitative procedure are presented.
Congenital laryngeal atresia
Authors: Gatti William M. , Macdonald Eileen , Orfei Emilio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLaryngeal atresia is a rare congenital anomaly requiring immediate tracheotomy as a lifesaving measure. A case of subglottic laryngeal atresia is reported and correlated with laryngeal embryogenesis. Three types of laryngeal atresia are described. Although tracheoesophageal fistula is commonly associated with laryngeal atresia, one must be careful not to confuse a pharyngotracheal duct with a tracheoesophageal fistula. A disproportionate number of reported TE fistulas associated with laryngeal atresia may result if an accurate distinction between pharyngotracheal duct and TE fistula is not made.
Hearing results after cholesteatoma surgery: The iowa experience
Authors: Ragheb S. M. , Gantz B. J. , Mccabe B. F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study compared the hearing outcome of canal‐up and canal‐down mastoidectomies for removal of cholesteatoma in 455 ears. An intact canal wall procedure was performed in 92 patients while the remainder (N=363) underwent a canal‐down operation.The hearing results for both procedures are dependent on the presence of the stapes superstructure. When the stapes superstructure was intact, 52% of the patients with canal‐up operations had an air‐bone gap of less than 20 dB. The corresponding figure for canal‐down cases was 37%. When there was no stapes superstructure, 54% of the canal‐up cases and 19% of the canal‐down cases obtained a similar ABG closure.Preserving the posterior external auditory canal wall results in slightly better hearing function. However, when the stapes superstructure is intact, the difference in hearing function is not remarkable, and must be weighed against the potential for residual disease or recurrence associated with canal‐up procedures.
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (histiocytoid hemangioma) of the palate
Authors: Moran William J. , Dobleman Thomas J. , Bostwick David G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe first case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma involving the oropharynx is described. A 25‐year‐old woman developed a mass on the palate which was noted to enlarge during the first trimester of pregnancy. Biopsy revealed a cellular tumor initially considered to be of epithelial origin. Vascular differentiation of the tumor was confirmed, however, by positive lectin histochemistry for Ulex europaeus, by evidence of immunoreactivity for factor VIII‐related antigen, and by ultrastructural identification of endothelial features. The patient remains free of tumor 21 months after complete excision. Because of the potential for misdiagnosis, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of oropharyngeal malignancies. The effect of pregnancy on the development and growth of vascular tumors such as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma remains uncertain.
Radiation therapy in the treatment of chemodectomas
Authors: Konefal J. B. , Pilepich M. V. , Spector G. J. , Perez C. A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwenty‐six patients with chemodectomas were treated with radiation therapy from 1961 to 1983 and followed for at least 4 years. In 16 glomus tympanicum lesions treated primarily with radiation, long‐term control was achieved in all (follow‐up 4–24 years, mean 10.5). Fifteen of 16 had no clinical evidence of disease at time of death or last follow‐up, and one patient had recurrent but stable disease at 10 years and died of an unrelated illness 19 years after treatment. Eight of the glomus tympanicum lesions were referred for radiation therapy with persistent disease after multiple surgical procedures. Two had extensive skull and intracranial involvement at the time of radiation.Six patients with glomus jugulare lesions were treated with radiation. Four achieved long‐term control, and two died of their disease. In addition, two glomus vagal and one carotid body tumor were treated with palliative intent. One glomus tympanicum lesion was treated with preoperative radiation and resection. Chemodectoma was the cause of death in 4 of 25 patients—3 from intracranial extension and 1 from lung and mediastinal metastases. All four patients were referred for radiation with metastases or extensive bone involvement at the skull base.Radiation appears to be effective in achieving long‐term clinical control of chemodectomas. Adequately treated volume should bo determined with arteriography and/or contrast‐enhanced computer tomography, allowing for geometric margins. Doses in the range of 4,500 to 5,000 cGy delivered in about 5 weeks are recommended.
Cricothyroidotomy versus tracheotomy: An otolaryngologist's perspective
Authors: Cole Randolph R. , Aguilar Eugenio A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA series of 655 elective cricothyroidotomies presented by Brantigan and Grow in 1975 has fueled a recent explosion in the number of cricothyroidotomies being performed for elective tracheal access.This article reviews Jackson's classic 1921 paper on cricothyroidotomy, Brantigan and Grow's series, seven recent clinical series of elective cricothyroidotomies, and our experience.Voice change is the most frequent complication of cricothyroidotomy occurring in up to 50% of cases. Chronic subglottic stenosis occurs in approximately 2% of cases. Contraindications to cricothyroidotomy include prolonged intubation, airway obstruction following extubation, and laryngeal pathology of any kind.
Jugular bulb position and shape are unrelated to temporal bone pneumatization
Authors: Orr James B. , Wendell Todd N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe position and shape of the jugular bulb are undependable, and thus can add difficulty to temporal bone surgery. The present study addresses the hypothesis that position and shape of the jugular bulb correlate with the extent of temporal bone pneumatization. Systematic study was done in 25 unilateral cadaver specimens. Pneumatization was determined using both the classic Runström II radiograph, and computed tomography. Jugular bulb shape and position were determined by anatomic dissection and computed tomography. No association of jugular bulb shape or position, with pneumatization, was found. However, the dissection‐determined distance from the plane of the lateral semicircular canal to the roof of the jugular bulb (2 to 15 mm), had a good correlation (r = 0.70, p < .001) with the distance from the internal auditory canal to the apex of the jugular bulb (1.5 to 15.0 mm).
Migraine equivalent as a cause of episodic vertigo
Authors: Harker Lee A. , Rassekh Christopher 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThere are many transient neurologic disturbances associated with various types of migraine. Visual symptoms, such as scintillating scotomata are most common, but somatosensory, motor, cranial nerve, and brain stem symptoms also occur. Among the brain stem symptoms, vestibular manifestations are quite common and include nonspecific dizziness, disequilibrium, vertigo, and motion intolerance. Auditory symptoms are less common. These transient neurologic symptoms can precede the headache as an aura, can occur during the headache, or, uncommonly, can immediately follow the headache. It is also well documented that the neurologic symptoms can occur in the period between headaches, a situation termed “migraine equivalent.” Migraine equivalents usually occur in patients who have experienced typical migraine headaches earlier in life or who have migraine headaches at times other than when they experience equivalent symptoms. Rarely, typical migraine equivalent symptoms precede the development of the headaches by months or years, or occur in individuals who never develop headaches.Five patients with migraine equivalent symptoms that include vertigo are presented. The vertigo was the dominant symptom in some cases and was accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Differentiation from peripheral labyrinthine disorders is difficult, but a personal or family history of migraine, the temporal association of the neuro‐otologic symptoms with other migraine equivalent symptoms, a characteristic pattern of occurrence of the symptoms, and a positive response to antimigrainous therapy are features that strengthen the diagnosis of a migraine equivalent phenomenon.
The head and neck sequelae of cervical intravenous drug abuse
Authors: Myers Ernest M. , Kirkland Levi S. , Mickey Robert 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWhen peripheral veins sclerose, addicts desperately seek new and more dangerous injection sites. At Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, a disturbing increase in intravenous head and neck complications has been observed. From 1982 to 1985, 30 patients demonstrating complications resulting from intravenous cervical injections were treated. Computed tomography is emphasized as the most helpful diagnostic modality. Its timely use enables physicians to formulate early diagnosis and precise surgical intervention. A suggested diagnostic and treatment protocol is presented as a guideline in the management of this potentially deadly phenomenon.
Statistical analysis of changes of pediatric nasal patency with growth
Authors: Hoshino Tadahiko , Togawa Kiyoshi , Nishihira Shigeki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to further investigate the changes of pediatric nasal patency with growth. The nasal patency of Japanese children aged 6 to 14 years was measured by active anterior mask rhinomanometry in terms of effective cross‐sectional area (ECSA).The total nasal ECSA of the boys studied was larger than that of the girls of the same age groups. Total nasal ECSA was significantly correlated to age and height, as not transformed, and to weight as logarithmically transformed. Moreover, our study suggests that pediatric nasal resistance is inversely proportional to the second power of age, of height, and of body weight; however, it was concluded that the parameter of height was in itself sufficient to permit an approximate calculation of the total nasal ECSA in normal subjects.
Artificial reflex arc: A potential solution for chronic aspiration: II. A canine study based on a laryngeal prosthesis
Authors: Broniatowski Michael , Ilyes Laszlo A. , Jacobs Gordon B. , Nose Yukihiko , Tucker Harvey M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLong‐term and repeated aspiration can result in pneumonia and eventually death. To avoid current techniques which divert or close off the incompetent larynx, the authors have recently described an artificial reflex arc (ARA), in hopes of providing a dynamic solution to this problem. With this concept, a segment of skin surface with intact sensory innervation is implanted into the pharynx in the path of the food bolus. Resulting neural impulses would be detected by a perineural electrode and then channeled to both recurrent laryngeal nerves via an electronic pacemaker to cause vocal fold adduction at the critical time during swallowing. A pilot study using a tubed cervical cutaneous surface has yielded promising results in the canine. In this current study, an alternate means for information pickup based upon use of a miniature strain gage is presented. Mechanical stimulation of the hypopharynx using this “sensory” detector resulted in synchronous laryngeal adduction of the vocal folds, as documented graphically and on videotape.
Hearing results and control of vertigo after retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section
Authors: Boyce Stephen E. , Mischke Robert E. , Goin Donald W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo determine the effect of retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section (RVNS) on hearing, vertigo, and associated symptoms, we reviewed our experience in 48 patients. Of the 48, 39 responded to a questionnaire. Although RVNS appeared to have little effect on hearing in Meniere's patients, 91% of non‐Meniere's patients had significant and often delayed postoperative sensorineural hearing loss. Our results for vertigo control compared favorably to previous reports with 96% of Meniere's patients and 69% of non‐Meniere's patients reporting improvement.Presently, we more frequently recommend RVNS as the primary procedure for the control of severe vertigo in Meniere's patients. Patients with vertigo from other causes must be carefully selected.
Anterior epitympanic cholesteatoma with facial paralysis: A characteristic growth pattern
Authors: Chu Felix W. K. , Jackler Robert K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEpitympanic cholesteatoma may involve the facial nerve at several anatomic locations resulting in functional impairment. The most common site of nerve compression is the middle‐ear segment where the nerve is frequently devoid of bony covering. In five patients with facial palsy due to epitympanic cholesteatoma, a characteristic pattern of growth was recognized in which the cholesteatoma traversed the anterior epitympanum rather than taking the more common posterior route. Extension anteromedial to the head of the malleus leads to compression of the facial nerve in the region of the geniculate ganglion at the level of the middle cranial fossa floor. The most probable pathogenesis of this lesion is extension of disease along the embryologic course of either the saccus anticus or the anterior saccule of the saccus medius. Management of these lesions is surgical and may require, in addition to mastoidectomy with anterior and/or posterior atticotomy, middle fossa craniotomy and/or partial removal of the labyrinth for complete excision.
Management of obstructive sleep apnea: Comparison of various treatment modalities
Authors: Katsantonis George P. , Branham Gregory H. , Chambers Guy , Schweitzer Paula K. , Walsh James K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrom July, 1982 through March, 1986, 253 patients with moderate to severe sleep apnea (OSA) were treated and had polysomnographic assessment of treatment. The treatment modalities were: 1. uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPP), 2. nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), 3. tracheostomy, 4. medication (tricyclic antidepressants), 5. tongue retaining device (TRD), and 6. orthodontic device.Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty was performed in 98 patients. The patients were categorized according to post‐treatment improvement in the apnea/hypopnea index (A+HI) and severity index (SI) into good, moderate, and poor responders. There were 37 (37.7%) good, 33 (33.6%) moderate, and 28 (28.5%) poor responders in this group. Twenty‐four patients underwent tracheostomy. Eighteen (75%) patients continue to have their tracheostomies without complications (mean follow‐up time 32 months). One hundred thirty‐eight patients were evaluated with CPAP. Of the 100 patients who began home CPAP use, 53 continue to use CPAP successfully at 18 months. Medical treatment (tricyclic antidepressants) was used in 35 patients. The response to this modality was generally poor.Six patients were fitted with TRD. The compliance to this device was poor, although two have had significant improvement in their apnea. An orthodontic appliance was used in two patients with one responding successfully.
Sigmoid sinus involvement in middle‐ear infection
Authors: Amirmajdi Nematollah Mokhtari 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIt was thought that sigmoid sinus Involvement from middle‐ear infection would become a rare clinical entity with the introduction of antibiotics. However, this problem is otill prevalent.Twelve hundred eighty cases of mastoid surgery were performed at Ghaem Medical Center and the author's private clinic between January 1978 and December 1985 in Mashad, Iran. In sixteen cases, surgically proven sigmoid sinus involvement was due to a bone eroding process of chronic ear infection. The pattern of the clinical picture is different than in the preantibiotic era.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo as a complication of postoperative bedrest
Authors: Gyo Kiyofumi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeven cases of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) after operation were reported, occurring between the fourth, and 14th postoperative day. In three of the seven cases, the condition occurred when the patients first arose from bed after 5 to 6 days of postoperative bedrest. In two cases, BPPV occurred when patients moved their head while maintaining strict bedrest. In the other two cases, it occurred 1 to 4 days after patients had been released from bedrest. The cause of BPPV was considered to be postoperative bedrest which might have facilitated the deposition of precipitate on the cupula of the posterior semicircular canal. The prognosis was good, and all the patients recovered within 20 days.
The nasolabial musculocutaneous flap: Clinical and anatomical correlations
Authors: Hagan Warren E. , Walker Leon B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe location of the facial artery beneath the facial mimetic muscles of the nasolabial groove allows surgical development of a true musculocutaneous flap. This report of 20 surgical flaps and six cadaveric dissections highlights the nasolabial musculocutaneous flap with its direct muscle perforating arteries which nourish the overlying skin. The absence of any flap's ischemic failure emphasizes the durability of the flap for various midface and oral reconstructive situations. Inferiorly‐based flaps are preferable on the basis of discussed anatomical findings. The musculocutaneous flap is especially suited for circumferential interruption of cutaneous blood supply as in the “V‐to‐Y” and island pedicle flaps.
Phototherapy with the argon laser on human melanoma cells “sensitized” with rhodamine‐123: A new method for tumor growth inhibition
Authors: Castro Dan J. , Ward Paul H. , Saxton Romaine E. , Fetterman Harold R. , Castro Donna J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLaser photodynamic therapy of superficial malignancies is a promising new approach that will become clinically useful when fluorochromes with high tumor specificity and low toxicity to normal tissues are identified. We recently reported that the mitochondrial dye, Rhodamine‐123 (Rh‐123), at nontoxic doses, is an effective sensitizing agent for argon laser treatment of human squamous carcinoma and melanoma cells in vitro. We now report the complete inhibition of in vivo tumor development by human M24 melanoma cells transplanted subcutaneously into nu/nu mice after exposure to 1μg/ml of Rh‐123 for 1 hour and treatment with an argon laser at nonthermal temperatures of 38 to 40 °C. Significant in vivo growth was observed for all control tumors. These results demonstrate that Rh‐123 enhances the tumoricidal effects of the argon laser at nonthermal temperatures and provides evidence that effective photodynamic therapy may be possible in vivo with the new fluorochrome Rhodamine‐123.
Acceptability ratings of tracheoesophageal speech
Authors: Pindzola Rebekah H. , Cain Blanche H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThirty‐one naive listeners rated the intelligibility and acceptability of tracheoesophageal, esophageal, and normal laryngeal speech of 15 adult speakers. Intelligibility was measured using a multiple‐choice word test while acceptability was rated on a seven‐point equal‐appearing interval scale. Judgments were made on the features of fluency, pitch/quality, speech rate, inflection, and overall acceptability. Tracheoesophageal speech was found not to differ significantly from normal speech in intelligibility, rate, and inflection, but was less acceptable for fluency, pitch/quality and overall acceptability. Tracheoesophageal speech was more acceptable than esophageal speech for all features measured.
Long‐term observations on ceramic ossicular replacement prosthesis (corp)
Authors: Yamamoto Etsuo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLong‐term observations on the ceramic ossicular replacement prosthesis (CORP) were performed. Extrusion rates were 8.3% for CORP‐P and 5.2% for CORP‐T, with most extrusions occurring within 2 years. Hearing results were satisfactory. Air‐bone gaps at 1 year were within 10 dB in 44.8% with CORP‐P and 31.2% with CORP‐T. At 3 to 5 years, air‐bone gaps were within 10 dB in 42.2% and 33.3%, respectively. It was found that the short‐term results were maintained even for the long period. Unsatisfactory hearing gains were caused mainly by the displacement or extrusion of CORP which could be prevented by fixation with the cartilage plate, deepening of the base of CORP‐P, fixing of the base of CORP‐T with the fascia, and additional fixing with the malleus handle and chorda tympani nerve.
Motions of the posterior pharyngeal wall in swallowing
Authors: Palmer Jeffrey B. , Tanaka Enchi , Siebens Arthur A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe motions of the posterior pharyngeal wall during swallowing were studied in four asymptomatic males using a new method for videoradiography. Radiopaque markers of 4 mm diameter were affixed to the pharyngeal wall by suction. Ventrodorsal and axial components of motion were measured frame by frame. Large axial motions occurred during the pharyngeal stage of swallowing. Cephalad displacement of each marker occurred early and was followed by caudad motion. Within the pharyngoesophageal segment, there were cephalocaudal motions measuring as much as 25 mm. A late caudad motion beyond the reference position was observed in this segment in two participants. This late motion may play a role in passing the bolus through the pharyngoesophageal segment. The findings support the concept of an “engulfment” mechanism in pharyngeal kinesiology.