bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Claisen Rearrangement of the Lithium Enolate of 1-(2-Thienyl)alkyl Alkanoate and the Birch Reduction of the Resulting 2-(3-Thienyl)alkanoic Acid
Authors: Sado Mitsuo , Abe Hideaki , Inuzuka Nobuki , Shirai Kozo , Kumamoto Takanobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It was found that the Claisen rearrangement of the lithium enolate of 1-(2-thienyl)alkyl alkanoate in refluxing THF resulted in the formation of 2-(3-thienyl)alkanoic acid (2). Similarly, when the lithium enolate of 4-(2-thienyl)-4-butanolide was stirred at room temperature in the presence of hexamethylphosphoric triamide, 5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-4-carboxylic acid was obtained. Further, it was found that the Birch reduction of 2 and subsequent alkylation with benzyl bromide gave a regioselective ring-opening product, 4-benzylthio-3-ethyl-3-alkenoic acid, in a good yield. The Birch reduction of 2-thienylacetic acid, followed by alkylation with benzyl bromide, also gave (Z)-3-benzylthio-3-hexenoic acid as the main product.
Stereoselective Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Amides Using Internal Coordination of Metal Salts
Authors: Takebayashi Toyonori , Iwasawa Nobuharu , Mukaiyama Teruaki , Hata Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions between acyclic dienes and α,β-unsaturated amides utilizing the internal coordination of the metal salts have been studied in detail. When the magnesium salts of N-(trans, trans-2,4-alkadienyl)-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acrylamide derivatives are employed, the intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions are remarkably accelerated and the corresponding cycloadducts are obtained in high yields with isomeric ratios (exo-adducts: endo-adducts) of about 3 : 2. And the same reactions of N(trans, trans-2,4-alkadienyl)-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-cyclopentenecarboxamide afford predominantly (60 : 40 to 85 : 15 selectivity) trans-fused cycloadducts (exo-adducts) in good yields.
Photoaddition Reaction of 1,4-Dibromo-2,5-piperazinedione with Cyclohexene
Authors: Itoh Kuniaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photo-induced addition reaction of 1,4-dibromo-2,5-piperazinedione (1) with cyclohexene in acetonitrile gave 1 : 1-adducts[1-(2-bromocyclohexyl)-2,5-piperazinediones] and 1 : 2-adducts[1,4-bis(2-bromocyclohexyl)-2,5-piperazinediones] besides 3-bromocyclohexene, 1,2-dibromocyclohexane, and a solvent-incorporated product, trans-2-acetylamino-2-bromocyclohexane. Stereochemistry of the adducts was elucidated and mechanism of the addition reaction was discussed.
Zeeman Effect on 81Br NQR in Phosphorus Tribromide–Boron Tribromide
Authors: Terao Hiromitsu , Fukura Masanori , Okuda Tsutomu , Negita Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Zeeman effect on 81Br NQR in a single crystal of PBr3·BBr3 was studied at room temperature. The crystal has an orthorhombic symmetry. The bond angles have been found to be 111.2±0.1° and 111.5±0.1° for Br–B–Br, and 107.0±0.1° and 109.1±0.3° for Br–P–Br. The Br atoms of BBr3 group have relatively large values of η, 0.151±0.004 and 0.120±0.007, while the Br atoms of PBr3 group have small values, 0.025±0.005 and 0.020±0.004. The large η values of Br atoms of BBr3 group are ascribed to the π bonding existing in the B–Br bonds.
Raman Spectra of Compounds under Inversion Motions. III. N-Methylpyrrolidine
Authors: Fukushima Kunio , Sasaki Hisayo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Raman spectra of N-methylpyrrolidine were measured in various states and a normal vibration calculation was carried out on its conformers. Results of the measurement and calculation indicate that the Raman band of the inversion vibrational mode is caused to shift remarkably by the formation of hydrogen bond to the nitrogen atom. This phenomenon, along with the enthalpy of hydrogen bond formation obtained from measurements at various temperatures, suggests that the conformer predominant in pure liquid corresponds to one minimum in the potential for the inversion motion, which has a low potential barrier and high anharmonicity.
Crystal Structures of Mixed Ligand Copper(II) Complexes Containing l-Amino Acids. III. Aqua(l-histidinato)(l-serinato)copper(II) Trihydrate
Authors: Sasada Yoshio , Takenaka Akio , Furuya Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The copper(II) complex containing l-histidine and l-serine crystallizes from an aqueous solution. Crystals of aqua(l-histidinato)(l-serinato)copper(II) trihydrate are monoclinic, space group P21, a=11.046(2), b=7.315(1), c=9.737(1) Å, β=101.34(2)° and Z=2. A square-planar coordination around copper consists of α-amino nitrogen and δ-nitrogen atoms in histidine and α-amino nitrogen and α-carboxyl oxygen atoms in serine, the two amino groups being in cis position. The fifth coordination site is occupied by a water molecule, and the carboxyl oxygen atom of serine in the adjacent complex makes a weak bond with copper to complete a distorted octahedron. The chelating scheme and overall crystal structure are the same as those of (l-alaninato)aqua(l-histidinato)copper(II) trihydrate (1). Crystallization water molecules are situated on the fixed positions in the void space surrounded by the columns of the complexes, but the hydroxyl group of serine takes two sites randomly. The common chelating scheme in the present crystal and 1 is in correspondence with the observation that serine and alanine are of moderate cooperativity with histidine in forming the ternary complexes.
Structure of the Electrical Double Layer at the Interface between Nitrobenzene Solution of Tetrabutylammonium Tetraphenylborate and Aqueous Solution of Lithium Chloride
Authors: Kakiuchi Takashi , Senda Mitsugi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electrocapillary curves at the polarized interface between a nitrobenzene solution of tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate (TBATPB) and an aqueous solution of lithium chloride at various concentrations of TBATPB and LiCl have been measured by the drop time method using a dropping electrolyte solution electrode at 25 °C. The relative surface excesses of tetrabutylammonium and tetraphenylborate ions in the nitrobenzene phase and of lithium and chloride ions in the aqueous phase were well described by the Gouy-Chapman theory of diffuse layers for both sides of the interface. A model of the electrical double layer for the nitrobenzene–water interface is presented, in which an ion-free inner layer consisting of laminated monolayers of water and nitrobenzene is sandwiched by the two diffuse layers on each side of the interface. The potential difference across the inner layer, which was estimated to be ca. 20 mV at the potential of zero charge, was found to be dependent on the surface charge density and to be nearly independent of the electrolyte concentration.
A Photoelectron Spectroscopic Estimation of the Concentrations of Simple Hydrogen-bonded Dimers Produced in the Temperature-controlled Supersonic Nozzle Beam
Authors: Tomoda Shinji , Kimura Katsumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A photoelectron spectroscopic method is proposed to estimate the ratio of number densities between the monomer and the dimer produced in the supersonic jet. Approximate monomer-dimer ratios have been estimated for water, methanol and formic acid by assuming that the photoionization cross sections of the monomer and dimer are equal to each other. The results show reasonable agreement under similar conditions to those available from mass spectrometric analyses of fragmentation patterns. A simple temperature-controlled supersonic nozzle beam source is described here, which enables us to produce hydrogen-bonded dimers in measurable amounts.
An Interpretation of the Asymmetric Induction Observed in Rhodium–Bis(dibenzophosphole) Complex Catalyzed Hydroformylation According to an X-Ray Molecular Structure Analysis of an Iridium–(2R,3R)-2,3-O-Isopropylidene-1,4-bis(5H-dibenzophosphol-5-yl)-2,3-butanediol Complex
Authors: Hayashi Teruyuki , Tanaka Masato , Ogata Ikuei , Kodama Teruyuki , Takahashi Tamotsu , Uchida Yasuzo , Uchida Tokiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An X-ray molecular structure analysis of [(2R, 3R)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-1,4-bis(5H-dibenzophosphol-5-yl)-2,3-butanediol((−)-DIPHOL)](1,5-cyclooctadiene)chloroiridium(I) was carried out. The complex takes a distorted trigonal bipyramidal structure, and the chelate ring of (−)-DIPHOL makes a chair form, which decreases the distances of atoms in the chelate ring from the P–Ir–P coordination plane. Thus, the chiral coordination structure of DIPHOL becomes remarkably different from that of DIOP. Through a comparison of the results of X-ray analyses, the results obtained in asymmetric hydroformylation (predominant absolute configuration and optical yield of products) catalyzed by the rhodium-complexes were explained on the basis of some well-grounded assumptions.
Synthesis of Potential Antineoplastic Anthracenedione Derivatives. II. 1,2-Dihydroxy Derivatives
Authors: Nakamura Katsumi , Asai Tomoyuki , Hara Tamio , Minorikawa Naoki , Suami Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In continuation of the preceding paper in this series, four derivatives of 1,2-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino]-9,10-anthracenedione: a positional isomer of mitoxantrone have been prepared to establish a relationship between the position of the hydroxyl groups on the A ring and antineoplastic activity against experimental leukemia L1210 in mice. Two compounds were found to be fairly active.
Effects of Additives on Photo-methoxylation of Methyl 2-Pyridinecarboxylate in Acidic Methanolic Solutions. Promotion by 4-Substituted Pyridines
Authors: Sugimori Akira , Ogishima Teruo , Miyazawa Yoshiyuki , Hasegawa Ryo , Suzuki Yoko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rate of photo-methoxylation of methyl 2-pyridinecarboxylate(1) in acidic methanol is accelerated by 4-substituted pyridines and their analogs, 4,4′-bipyridine and pyrazine. The photo-methoxylation of 1 is not promoted by triplet sensitizers, electron donors, or electron acceptors. Detailed analyses on the 1–4-pyridinecarbonitrile(3) system including wavelength dependence lead to a mechanism for the promotion via an excited complex formed from an excited 1 and 3 in the ground state.
NAD(P)+–NAD(P)H Model. 43. Formation of 1,4-Dihydronicotinamide in the Reaction of Pyridinium Salt and Glyceraldehyde
Authors: Ohno Atsuyoshi , Ushida Satoshi , Oka Shinzaburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been found that N-substituted 1,4-dihydronicotinamides are produced by the reaction of N-substituted 3-carbamoylpyridinium salts with glyceraldehyde and its analogous compounds. A mechanism of the reaction is suggested.
Manufacture of Pure Titanium(IV) Oxide by the Chloride Process. II. Selective Extraction of Titanium(IV) and Iron(III) from Hydrochloric Acid Leach Liquor of Ilmenite Ore by Tributyl Phosphate
Authors: Narita Eiichi , Takeuchi Hitoshi , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Odagawa Takao , Okabe Taijiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The selective recoveries of titanium(IV) and iron(III) from the synthetic hydrochloric acid leach liquor of ilmenite, i.e., 1.8–11 M (1 M=1 mol dm−3) hydrochloric acid solutions containing 0.25–0.57 M titanium(IV) and 0.27–0.29 M iron(III), or each single metal ion, were investigated by solvent extraction with benzene solutions of various tributyl phosphate (TBP) concentrations under the volume ratio (Org/Aq) of unit at 25 °C. Iron(III) was extracted into the TBP phase over a wide concentration range of hydrochloric acid studied, and the extraction was considerably accelerated by the salting-out effect of the coexisting titanium(IV). Since no extraction of titanium(IV) was observed at hydrochloric acid concentrations lower than 6 M, iron(III) could be recovered selectively from 3–6 M hydrochloric acid solutions under the conditions of the molar ratio [TBP]org/[Fe(III)]init aq≤3.0. On the other hand, titanium(IV) in the residual aqueous phase was also extracted as TiCl4·3TBP at a concentration range of chloride ion higher than 7 M. The coextractions of other metal ions and free hydrochloric acid could be prevented by controlling the TBP concentration in the organic phase as [TBP]org/[Ti(IV)]init aq≤3.5. The problem in applying the solvent extraction technique to actual leach liquor is discussed, as well as the recovery of free hydrochloric acid from the residual leach liquor.
On the Interaction of CrO2Cl2 Vapor with the Surface of γ-Al2O3 and the Formation of a Chromium Oxide Covering
Authors: Damyanov Damyan , Vlaev Lubomir 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Samples of γ-Al2O3 containing different amounts of residual hydroxyl groups were obtained by thermal treatment. The possibility of interaction of the surface hydroxyl groups of γ-Al2O3 with chromyl chloride vapor was studied by IR spectroscopy. The hydrogen chloride evolved as a result of the reaction interacts with both strained Al–O–Al bridges and the surface OH groups. Different types of OH groups show different reactivities with respect to the interaction with CrO2Cl2. Bands at 3780 and 3700 cm−1 are due to OH groups which have a much higher reactivity than the OH groups responsible for bands at 3744 and 3733 cm−1. Not all of the OH groups participate in the surface reaction. Decrease in their surface density results in increase in the reactivity. Modification of the γ-Al2O3 surface is achieved by reaction cycles consisting of treatment with CrO2Cl2 vapor and hydrolysis of the compounds obtained by water vapor. As a result, an increase in the chromium oxide amount on the surface of γ-Al2O3 is observed. This is ascribed to the “secondary” OH groups formed after the hydrolysis.
Kinetics of Gas Phase Addition Reactions of Trichlorosilyl Radicals. VI. Orientation of Additions to 2-Pentenes
Authors: Dohmaru Takaaki , Nagata Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Addition reactions of ·SiCl3 radicals to cis- and trans-2-pentene have been studied in the gas phase between 30 and 136 °C. The ratio of the rate of formation of 2- with 3-trichlorosilylpentane, R2⁄R3, was found to vary with temperature or with HSiCl3 concentrations (1.47–17.6 μmol cm−3). This variation was successfully interpreted by the decomposition of an adduct radical, CH3CH(SiCl3)\dotCHCH2CH3.
Graph-theoretical Formula for Ring Currents Induced in a Polycyclic Conjugated System
Authors: Aihara Jun-ichi , Horikawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A graph-theoretical formula was derived for ring currents induced in a polycyclic conjugated system by a uniform magnetic field. Two advantages of this formula are that ring currents can be evaluated by inspecting a geometry of a conjugated system, and that they can be attributed to the individual π-electron rings.
The Consecutive Determination of Serum Ammonia and Leucine Amino Peptidase with an Ammonia Gas-sensing Electrode
Authors: Hato Masakatsu , Shimura Yukio , Akiyama Tomiko , Nakayama Hiroko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A simple method for the consecutive determination of serum ammonia and the activity of leucine amino peptidase (LAP) with an ammonia gas-sensing electrode is described. The values determined by the present method agree with those determined by conventional methods within 6%.
Potassium-selectivities of Bis(benzo-15-crown-5) Derivatives Obtained from Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Kimura Keiichi , Ishikawa Atsuo , Tamura Hiroshi , Shono Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Several bis(benzo-15-crown-5) derivatives containing a cyclohexane or benzene ring in the bridge chain were synthesized as neutral carriers of coated-wire potassium-selective electrodes. The bis(benzocrown ether) derivative obtained from cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid was found to be outstandingly potassium-selective.
Enthalpies of Transfer of Monovalent Ions from Water to Water–Acetonitrile Mixtures
Authors: Miyaji Kiyoshi , Morinaga Kenichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Ionic enthalpies of transfer from water to water–acetonitrile mixtures were estimated for Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ag+, Tl+, Me4N+, Et4N+, n-Pr4N+, n-Bu4N+, Ph4As+, Ph4B−, Cl−, Br−, I−, NCS−, NO3−, ClO4−, and picrate ion on the basis of the assumption ΔHt°(Ph4As+)=ΔHt°(Ph4B−).
Electrocatalytic Reaction of Fe2+⁄3+ Aqua Ions by [Mo(CN)8]4−⁄3− Complexes
Authors: Sato Keiichi , Ohsaka Takeo , Matsuda Hiroaki , Oyama Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The catalysis of the oxidation of Fe2+ aquaion by [Mo(CN)8]3− ion, which is formed on an electrode surface, and that of the reduction of Fe3+ aqua ion by [Mo(CN)8]4− ion were examined by means of hydrodynamic voltammetry at a rotating disk pyrolytic graphite electrode The rate constants of the electron transfer cross-reaction of the Fe2+/[Mo(CN)8]3− and Fe3+/[Mo(CN)8]4− systems were estimated to be (7.0±0.5)×106 and (6.6±0.5)×106 cm3 mol−1 s−1, respectively.
Polarographic Study of Mixed Ligand (o-Mercaptobenzoate–Citrate) Complexes of Cadmium(II), Lead(II), and Thallium(I)
Authors: Gupta Keval C , Sharma Kalpana K 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The mixed ligand complex formation of o-mercaptobenzoic acid and citric acid with Cd(II), Pb(II), and Tl(I) in aqueous KNO3 (μ=1.0 mol dm−3) solutions containing Triton X-100 (0.001%) has been investigated by polarography. It was shown that only one mixed ligand entity MAiXj is formed, where i is two for Cd (II) and one for Tl(I) j is one for all complexes and A and X are the o-mercaptobenzoate and citrate ligands respectively. The stability constants have been evaluated.
Photochemical Reaction of S-Alkyl 3-Oxobutanethioate
Authors: Hasegawa Tadashi , Shimizu Toshio , Iwasaki Kazuhiko , Oguchi Sh\={o}shichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Irradiation of S-alkyl 3-oxobutanethioate (1) in benzene or ethanol yielded the disulfide 2. Irradiation of S-alkyl α-bromothioacetate also gave the disulfide 2. The photochemical reaction of the 3-oxobutanethioate 1 involves the Norrish Type I reaction followed by rapid fragmentation of the radical ·CH2COSR to the thiyl radical 5.
Cyclization Reaction of Bis(tributylstannylated) α-Ketols with Heterocumulenes. Preparation of O,O-Vinylene Imino- and Thiocarbonates
Authors: Sakai Shizuyoshi , Murata Masashi , Wada Nobuto , Fujinami Tatsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Aromatic α-ketols reacted with diethylaminotributylstannane at 60 °C to afford a mixture of (Z)- and (E)-1,2-bis(tributylstannyloxy)-1,2-diarylethenes, which were allowed to react with organic isothiocyanates and carbon disulfide to give substituted O,O-vinylene imino- and thiocarbonates, respectively. Aliphatic α-ketol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, was treated by the aminostannane, followed by the reaction with carbon disulfide to form (E)-1,2-bis(tributylstannylthio)-2-butene.
The Thermal Reactions of Allyl-substituted Germyl Radicals
Authors: Mochida Kunio , Miyagawa Isoo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The allyldibutylgermyl and dibutyl(2-methylallyl)germyl radicals in benzene at 80 °C afforded diallyldibutylgermane and dibutylgermane, and dibutylbis(2-methylallyl)germane and dibutylgermane, respectively. The mechanism of these reactions is discussed.
Reactions of 2,4-Azetidinedione with Nucleophilic Reagents
Authors: Maruyama Kazuhiro , Arita Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 2,4-azetidinedione with a variety of nucleophiles was compared with that of N-methylsuccinimide. 2,4-Azetidinedione gave ring-cleaved addition products, while N-methylsuccinimide afforded simply addition products to the carbonyl group.
Substituent Effects on the Dissociation Constants of 1-Aryl-5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyridones
Authors: Imafuku Kimiaki , Takahashi Kumio , Matsumura Hisashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Six new 1-aryl-5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyridones were synthesized and their dissociation constants were measured. Hammett analysis of pKa values for proton gain and proton loss gave the following equations: pK1=2.74–0.34σ and pK2=8.80–0.36σ, respectively.
Reduction of Organic Halides with Diethyl Phosphonate and Triethylamine
Authors: Hirao Toshikazu , Kohno Shuichiro , Ohshiro Yoshiki , Agawa Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reduction of organic halides [gem-bromochlorocyclopropanes, 1,1,1-trichloromethane derivatives, 1,1-dibromo-2-benzyloxyethylene, methyl α-bromocinnamate, α,p-dibromoacetophenone, and (1,2-dibromoethyl)benzene] with diethyl phosphonate and triethylamine is surveyed.
The Molecular Structure of Trimethylamine–Boron Triiodide as Studied by Gas Electron Diffraction
Authors: Iijima Kinya , Shibata Shuzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular structure of trimethylamine–boron triiodide (CH3)3N·BI3 has been determined from gas electron-diffraction data. The molecular parameter values and their uncertainties are rg(B–I)=2.245±0.004 Å, rg(N–B)=1.663±0.013 Å, rg(C–N)=1.497±0.005 Å, rg(C–H)=1.103±0.010 Å, ∠IBI=108.6±0.4°, and ∠CNC=106.0±0.8°. The potential barrier around the N–B bond has also been estimated to be about 3.5 kcal mol−1 (1 cal=4.184J).
The Cation-Cation Interactions in Aqueous Mixed Electrolyte Solutions of Quaternary Phosphonium Chlorides
Authors: Takaizumi Katsuko , Wakabayashi Toshiki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Density measurements were carried out at six temperatures between 1 and 55 °C for three series of aqueous mixed electrolyte solutions, each of which contained (n-Bu)4PCl and Ph4PCl with the mole ratios, 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3, respectively. The mixed solutions are assumed to be the model solutions of the phosphonium chlorides, (n-Bu)4−n PhnPCl(n=1,2, and 3), with respect to the pair-wise interactions between the cations, for which a model has been proposed in a previous paper. The volume B-coefficients(Bv) determined for the model salts are in good agreement with those for the corresponding pure salts and those reproduced by the equation derived from the model. The results indicate that the phenyl groups affect weakly the butyl cospheres in both the intermolecular processes and intramolecular processes and that among the ion-ion interactions the cation-cation interactions are the main factor for determining the Bv′s. These can be decomposed into three parts, arising from the butyl-butyl, phenyl-phenyl, and butyl-phenyl interactions.
Magnetic Susceptibility and ESR Studies of Highly Conductive CuL(TCNQ)2 Incorporating 2,2′-Bipyridine or Ethylenediamine as Ligand
Authors: Seto Tomoyoshi , Inoue Motomichi , Inoue Michiko B , Nakamura Daiyu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electron spin resonance spectra were recorded on highly conducting CuL(TCNQ)2 (L: 2,2′-bipyridine or ethylenediamine) at different temperatures. The observed g values increased with decreasing temperature. On the basis of the g shift and the static susceptibility observed, a local magnetic susceptibility contributed from Cu and that from TCNQ, were evaluated individually. The local Cu susceptibility is of the Curie type. The Curie constant indicates that each Cu atom carries 0.05 umpaired electron on the average in Cu(bpy)(TCNQ)2 and 0.07 in Cu(en)(TCNQ)2: the average oxidation number of copper is equal to 1.05 in the former and 1.07 in the latter. The local susceptibility of TCNQ can be interpreted by a narrow band model in which the susceptibility is given by the sum of the Curie term and a temperature-independent paramagnetic term.This suggests that the TCNQ arrays have inherently metallic nature.
Charge-transfer Interaction of a Series of Trifluoromethylated Benzenes in the Ground and Excited States
Authors: Yamaguchi Yuji , Nogami Takashi , Mikawa Hiroshi , Kumadaki Itsumaro , Kobayashi Yoshiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Charge-transfer interaction of a series of trifluoromethylated benzenes with several donor molecules was investigated by measuring electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra. Half-wave reduction potentials of acceptors were determined by cyclic voltammetry. Charge-transfer absorption bands were observed for several systems. Thermal one-electron transfer reactions were observed for solutions of hexakis(trifluoromethyl)benzene and several aromatic amines even in nonpolar solvents. Charge-transfer fluorescence was observed for solutions of hexakis(trifluoromethyl)benzene or tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)benzene and weak donor molecules such as benzene, toluene, or p-xylene.