bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial modeling of micro‐scale carbon dioxide sources and sinks in urban environments: A novel approach to quantify urban impacts on global warming
Authors: Khodakarami Loghman 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUrban environments play a significant role in global carbon emissions and sequestration, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their spatial distribution. This study presents a micro‐scale spatial modeling framework to elucidate the complex interplay between CO2 sources and sinks within urban settings. Utilizing advanced geospatial analysis, remote sensing data, and geographically weighted regression (GWR) modeling techniques, we provide a detailed characterization of emission patterns and identify the spatial distribution of carbon dioxide sequestration. Employing the bottom‐up method and geographic information system techniques, we quantified carbon dioxide emissions in Isfahan City, Iran, attributing 81.68% to stationary combustion sources (residential, commercial, industrial, and power plant sectors) and 18.32% to mobile combustion sources (road‐rail transportation, and non‐road transportation [agricultural machinery]). To model carbon sequestration, we calculated tree biomass using allometric equations and estimated carbon sequestration per tree unit. Subsequently, we employed GWR to map the spatial distribution of carbon deposition across the city. The results revealed an annual carbon sequestration capacity of 7,704 tons, equivalent to storing 28,275 tons of CO2. Our findings highlight the substantial contribution of urban areas to greenhouse gas emissions and the potential of urban green spaces to mitigate these emissions. The spatial modeling framework developed in this study provides a valuable tool for urban planners to optimize carbon management strategies and promote sustainable urban development. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of fluvial‐lacustrine systems in the rift basins fostered Jehol Biota origin: Palaeobiogeographic insights on Dabeigou‐type ostracod fauna
Authors: Qin Zuohuan 
Published: April 2024

The Lower Cretaceous Dabeigou Formation (135–130 Ma) in the Luanping Basin, associated with its contemporary strata in northeastern China, contains the earliest documented fossils of the Jehol Biota. This includes the Luanpingella—Eoparacypris—Ocrocypris ostracod assemblage, referred to in this study as the Dabeigou‐type ostracod fauna (DOF). Ostracods, which are small (0.5–2 mm) aquatic crustaceans, are abundant and easily preserved as fossils. Outlining a clear palaeobiogeographic range of the DOF can help expand the distribution range of the early Jehol Biota, providing valuable information on its origin. Results show that the DOF is mainly distributed in a series of rift basins along the Yanliao area of China to the eastern Transbaikal region of Russia, with a roughly narrow north‐south distribution. Rift basin development in the eastern part of the North China Craton, combined with humid climatic conditions, provided a suitable environment (e.g., fluvial‐lacustrine systems) for the emergence of the Jehol Biota.
Adipose tissue IL‐18 production is independent of caspase‐1 and caspase‐11
Authors: Román‐Domínguez Luis , Salazar‐León Jonathan , Meza‐Sosa Karla F. , Pérez‐Martínez Leonor , Pedraza‐Alva Gustavo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundInflammation in adipose tissue, resulting from imbalanced caloric intake and energy expenditure, contributes to the metabolic dysregulation observed in obesity. The production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐1β and IL‐18, plays a key role in this process. While IL‐1β promotes insulin resistance and diabetes, IL‐18 regulates energy expenditure and food intake. Previous studies have suggested that caspase‐1, activated by the Nlrp3 inflammasome in response to lipid excess, mediates IL‐1β production, whereas activated by the Nlrp1b inflammasome in response to energy excess, mediates IL‐18 production. However, this has not been formally tested.MethodsWild‐type and caspase‐1‐deficient Balb/c mice, carrying the Nlrp1b1 allele, were fed with regular chow or a high‐fat diet for twelve weeks. Food intake and mass gain were recorded weekly. At the end of the twelve weeks, glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were evaluated. Mature IL‐18 protein levels and the inflammatory process in the adipose tissue were determined. Fasting lipid and cytokine levels were quantified in the sera of the different experimental groups.ResultsWe found that IL‐18 production in adipose tissue is independent of caspase‐1 activity, regardless of the metabolic state, while Nlrp3‐mediated IL‐1β production remains caspase‐1 dependent. Additionally, caspase‐1 null Balb/c mice did not develop metabolic abnormalities in response to energy excess from the high‐fat diet.ConclusionOur findings suggest that IL‐18 production in the adipose tissue is independent of Nlrp3 inflammasome and caspase‐1 activation, regardless of caloric food intake. In contrast, Nlrp3‐mediated IL‐1β production is caspase‐1 dependent. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying cytokine production in the adipose tissue during both homeostatic conditions and metabolic stress, highlighting the distinct roles of caspase‐1 and the Nlrp inflammasomes in regulating inflammatory responses.
Knowledge mapping and global trends of drug hypersensitivity from 2013 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Luo Li , Chen Niannian , Li Zhanpeng , Zhao Chunmei , Dong Yiming , Wang Likai , Li Xiaoqian , Zhou Wenchao , Li Yingna , Gao Cairong , Guo Xiangjie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDrug hypersensitivity is a major global public health issue with a significant increase in prevalence in populations. Here, we provide a deep insight into the frontier hotspot and future direction in the field of drug hypersensitivity.MethodsA knowledge map is portrayed based on publications related to drug hypersensitivity from Web of Science Core Collection using CiteSpace. Co‐occurrence relationships of countries, institutes, authors, journals, references, and keywords are constructed. According to the co‐occurrence relationships, hotspots and future trends are overviewed.ResultsThe United States ranked first in the world and China with the second highest publications was the only developing country. Torres, Mayorga, and Blanca were highly productive authors. Harvard University was the institution with the most research publications. Keywords co‐occurrence analysis suggested applications in emerging causes, potential mechanisms, and clinical diagnosis as the research hotspots and development frontiers.ConclusionResearch on drug hypersensitivity is in a rapid development stage and an emerging trend in reports of anaphylaxis to polyethylene glycols is identified. Developing algorithms for understanding the standardization process of culprit drugs, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic methods will be the focus of future direction. In addition, a better understanding of the mechanisms to culprit drugs with immunological precise phenotypic definitions and high‐throughput platforms is needed.
Intermittent hypoxic pretreatment exacerbates house dust mite‐induced asthma airway inflammation
Authors: Meng Hao , Zhang Dongxue , Que Yifan , Hu Peng , Wang Runsheng , Liao Yunfei , Xu Guogang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is widely recognized as an inflammatory disorder. In the context of this inflammatory microenvironment, the involvement of hypoxia and its impact on related pathways have drawn considerable attention. However, the exact role of hypoxia, a prevalent environmental factor, in the development and progression of asthma remains poorly understood.MethodsMice were treated with house dust mite (HDM) extracts for 23 days to induce asthma. Mice were divided into room air (RA) group and intermittent hypoxic (IH) group by exposing to different conditions and IH preconditioning (IHP) were underwent to the above groups before the hypoxic regimen. Airway inflammation in mice was evaluated by airway hyperresponsiveness, excessive mucus secretion, and recruitment of inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemistry was employed to quantify the expression levels of NF‐κB. Subsequently, the dose of allergen was modified to investigate whether the impact of hypoxia on asthma is affected by different doses of allergens.ResultCompared to the RA and IH groups, HDM‐treated mice in the IHP group exhibited aggravated inflammatory cell infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness (p＜.05). Moreover, there was an increased release of inflammatory mediators and higher expression levels of NF‐κB (p＜.05). Importantly, the impact ia on asthma was found to be influenced by high dose of allergen (p＜.05).ConclusionIHP treatment potentially exacerbates HDM‐induced airway inflammation in asthma, with the involvement of NF‐κB, particularly under high‐dose allergen stimulation.
“Skylights” increase exposure levels and reduce the maximum depth of nature reserves
Authors: Gao Haiyang , Zhu Di 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpatial contradictions between nature conservation and social development are prominent in the integration and optimization of nature reserves (NRs) in China. Due to restrictions from the farmland “red line” policy and territorial spatial planning, scattered urban areas and farmland distributed within NRs form many “skylights”. Perforating NRs alters their shape and continuity and may have negative effects on long‐term conservation. Through remote sensing data, we identified urban areas and farmland “skylights” in NRs in Guangdong Province, China. This study evaluated four scenarios: maintaining both urban areas and farmland (current state), maintaining farmland while removing urban areas, maintaining urban areas while removing farmland, and removing both urban areas and farmland. Two indicators, the exposure level and the maximum depth of NRs, were used to preliminarily assess the impacts of “skylights”. We found that urban “skylights” accounted for a relatively low proportion (5.81%) of total “skylights” and farmland “skylights” accounted for 94.19%. The current exposure level of NRs in Guangdong Province was very high, and approximately 82.83% of the NR areas were within 1 km of an unprotected matrix. If “skylights” were removed without exception, the 1 km exposure level would decrease to 61.37%, and the maximum depth would significantly increase. We recommend further assessment of the influence of “skylights” on the conservation effect of NRs and suggest first removing small “skylights” to reduce their negative impact.
On‐farm performance evaluation of small‐scale irrigation schemes in the Ethiopian Rift Valley: Internal and external performance process approach
Authors: Wabela Kedrala , Hammani Ali , Taky Abdelilah , Tekleab Sirak 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the on‐farm performance of two small‐scale irrigation schemes, Furfuro and Bedene Alemtena (hereafter referred to as Bedene), in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Two sets of performance indicator parameters were used. The first group was internal performance indicators, which included conveyance, water application and application uniformity. The water flow velocity through canals was monitored using the floating method. The amount of irrigation water applied to the fields was measured using a cutthroat flume. The second group was external performance indicators, including agricultural performance, water use performance and physical sustainability indicators. The results indicated that Furfuro had average conveyance, application and uniformity efficiencies of 84%, 59% and 50%, respectively, while that of Bedene were 79%, 63% and 55%, respectively. The overall efficiencies for both schemes were about 49%, which is lower than the minimum permissible values. The outputs per irrigation supply and consumed water for Furfuro were 0.14 and 0.16 US$/m3, respectively, and they were 0.11 US$/m3 for Bedene. The relative irrigation and total water supply of Furfuro were 1.21 and 1.20, respectively, indicating the presence of excess water in the command area during the study season. The relative irrigation and water supply of Bedene was 0.81, which indicated that the scheme was water deficient. Irrigation water management practices need improvement in the two schemes.
Identifying ideal pharmacist‐to‐patient ratios for the successful provision of clinical pharmacy services
Authors: Martello Jay L. , Dumont Zack , Bruck Wiyanna , Buckley Mitchell S. , Buckley Christopher T. , Centanni Nicolette , Chester Elizabeth A. , Gonzales Jeffrey , Harper Gina , Howland Miranda , Gutenschwager David , Langham Kendra , Meyers Rachel , Roberts Russel J. , Selby Ashley R. , Shin Emily , Szempruch Kristen , Van Dril Elizabeth , Wu Sharon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClinical pharmacists add significant value to the health care team and are associated with reduced hospital mortality, drug costs, length of stay, and adverse drug reactions. However, there remains a paucity of evaluative data regarding optimal clinical pharmacy practice models. Identifying optimal patient (or bed)‐to–clinical pharmacist ratios is one mechanism to assess the allocation of resources. The ACCP Task Force on Clinical Pharmacy Services was charged with developing a white paper to examine optimal ratios in different care settings, considering confounders and other factors that affect the interpretation of ratio data. The committee performed an extensive search of the pharmacy, medical, and nursing literature to identify existing data on provider‐to‐patient ratios. Recommendations on ratios are mainly from survey data or statements from various health care organizations. Many factors affect the capacity of clinical pharmacists to achieve patient care and non‐patient care responsibilities. Examples include general differences in baseline expectations; nonstandardized program performance metrics; variable hospital/practice setting types; variable patient acuity and complexity; competing priorities and other resources; industry‐wide rates of and variability in addressing burnout; inconsistent means for justifying numbers and historical corporate structures; and external endorsements and mandates. Although some areas of practice such as critical care pharmacy have more robust evidence for specific ratios, others such as pediatrics are far less clear. A clinical pharmacist ratio must be established as a starting point. This will allow for better allocation today and serve as a springboard for future determinations. Furthermore, clinical pharmacist ratios should be preserved to offer reliable patient care 365 days per year. As clinical pharmacist services shift from beneficial to essential, continuous daily patient care services must be the practice model moving forward.
Hydroxyapatite nano‐pillars on TI‐6Al‐4V: Enhancements in cell spreading and proliferation during cell/surface integration
Authors: Osafo Sarah Akua , Etinosa Precious Osayamen , Obayemi John David , Salifu Ali Azeko , Asumadu Tabiri , Klenam Desmond , Agyei‐Tuffour Benjamin , Dodoo‐Arhin David , Yaya Abu , Soboyejo Winston Oluwole 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite the attractive combinations of cell/surface interactions, biocompatibility, and good mechanical properties of Ti‐6Al‐4V, there is still a need to enhance the early stages of cell/surface integration that are associated with the implantation of biomedical devices into the human body. This paper presents a novel, easy and reproducible method of nanoscale and nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on Ti‐6Al‐4V. The resulting nanoscale coatings/nanostructures are characterized using a combination of Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy. The nanostructured/nanoscale coatings are shown to enhance the early stages of cell spreading and integration of bone cells (hFOB cells) on Ti‐6Al‐4V surfaces. The improvements include the acceleration of extra‐cellular matrix, cell spreading and proliferation by nanoscale HA structures on the coated surfaces. The implications of the results are discussed for the development of HA nanostructures for the improved osseointegration of Ti‐6Al‐4V in orthopedic and dental applications.
Vincamine alleviates brain injury by attenuating neuroinflammation and oxidative damage in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease through the NF‐κB and Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathways
Authors: Wang Pengjun , Chen Chen , Shan Min 
Published: April 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease featured by progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, the etiology of which is associated with the existence of neuroinflammatory response and oxidative stress. Vincamine is an indole alkaloid that was reported to exhibit potent anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties in many central and/or peripheral diseases. Nevertheless, the specific role of vincamine in PD development remains unknown. In our study, dopaminergic neuron loss was determined through immunohistochemistry staining and western blot analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD mice. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) levels were detected through DHE staining and commercially available kits to assess oxidative stress. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6) levels in the SN were measured via RT‐qPCR and western blot analysis. Microglial and astrocyte activation was examined through immunofluorescence staining of Iba‐1 (microglia marker) and GFAP (astrocyte marker) in the SN. The regulation of vincamine on the NF‐κB and Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway was estimated through western blot analysis. Our results showed that vincamine treatment decreased TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 mRNA and protein levels, reduced GFAP and Iba‐1 expression, decreased ROS production and MDA level, and increased SOD activity and GSH level in the SN of PD mice. Mechanically, vincamine repressed the phosphorylation levels of p65, IKKβ, and IκBα but enhanced the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO‐1 in PD mice. Collectively, vincamine plays a neuroprotective role in PD mouse models by alleviating neuroinflammation and oxidative damage via suppressing the NF‐κB pathway and activating the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway.
HN1 is a novel dedifferentiation factor involved in regulating the cell cycle and microtubules in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Özar Tilbe , Javed Aadil , Özduman Gülseren , Korkmaz Kemal S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHematological and neurological expressed 1 (HN1), encoding a small protein, has been recently explored in different cancers owing to its higher expression in tumor samples as compared to adjacent normal. It was discovered and subsequently named because of its higher expression in hematological and neurological tissues in developing mice. Following discovery, it was considered a neuronal regeneration or dedifferentiation‐related gene. However, since then, it has not been characterized in neuroblastoma or differentiated neurons. SH‐SY5Y cell line presents a unique model of neuroblastoma often utilized in neurobiology research. In this study, first, we employed bioinformatics analysis along with in vitro evaluation using normal and retinoic acid (RA)‐differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells to determine the responses of HN1 and its function. The analysis revealed that HN1 expression is higher in neuroblastoma and lower in differentiated neurons and Parkinson's disease as compared to appropriate controls. Since HN1 coexpression network in neuroblastoma is found to be enriched in cell‐cycle‐related pathways, we have shown that HN1 expression increases in S‐phase and remains lower in the rest of the cell cycle phases. Moreover, HN1 expression is also correlated with the microtubule stability in SH‐SY5Y cells, which was investigated with nocodazole and taxol treatments. HN1 overexpression increased the ratio of S‐type cells (undifferentiated), indicating that it acts as a dedifferentiating factor in neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, cell cycle dynamics also changed upon HN1 overexpression with alternating effects on SH‐SY5Y and RA‐differentiated (N‐type) cells. Therefore, HN1 is a potential cell cycle regulatory element in the development of neuroblastoma or dedifferentiation of neurons, which requires further studies to decipher its mechanistic role.
Opting for conservative management over surgery for neonatal ovarian cysts
Authors: Bai Ruimiao , Bonanni John Ross , Guo Jinzhen , Li Zhankui , Yu Xiping , Zhao Jinru , Zeng Junan , Garvin Gregory , Yan Yi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the suitability of conservative management for neonatal ovarian cysts in newborns.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted, involving infants diagnosed with neonatal abdominal/pelvic cysts at two separate medical institutions from January 2015 through July 2021. Data collection included clinical characteristics, imaging results, pathological findings, and postnatal outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsIn total, 34 cases of neonatal abdominal/pelvic cystic masses were detected, with mean birth weight of 3401 ± 515 g. Of these, 22 patients underwent postnatal cystectomy/oophorectomy. Pathological assessments revealed 16 uncomplicated cysts, 5 complex cysts, and 1 ovarian cyst with torsion complications. Notably, the cysts' dimensions at the time of surgical intervention had significantly decreased from the initial measurements (p = 0.015). The ROC curve analysis presented an area under the curve of 0.642, indicating moderate accuracy in employing cyst size as a discriminative feature to differentiate complex from simple ovarian cysts. Additionally, a short‐term follow‐up of nonsurgical cases indicated a 100% resolution rate by 24 months of age (n = 9).ConclusionGiven their predominantly benign nature, the majority of neonatal ovarian cysts seem to be amenable to conservative management. This approach remains justified for larger cysts with minimal torsion risk, as well as considering the observed reduction in cyst size at birth, which further supports the case against surgical intervention.