Changes in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk over time among people living with HIV
Authors: Chen Weisi , Petoumenos Kathy , Somia Agus , Edmiston Natalie , Chaiwarith Romanee , Woolley Ian , Ross Jeremy , Pujari Sanjay , Boettiger David C ,   the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS—Asia Pacific, Khol V , Ouk V , Pov C , Penh Phnom , Zhang F J , Zhao H X , Han N , Lee M P , Li P C K , Kwong T S , Li T H , Kumarasamy N , Ezhilarasi C , Pujari S , Joshi K , Gaikwad S , Chitalikar A , Borse R T , Mave V , Marbaniang I , Nimkar S , Somia I K A , Merati T P , Sawitri A A S , Yuliana F , Yunihastuti E , Widhani A , Maria S , Karjadi T H , Tanuma J , Oka S , Nishijima T , Choi J Y , S N a , Kim J M , Gani Y M , Rudi N B , Azwa I , Kamarulzaman A , Omar S F Syed , Ponnampalavanar S , Ditangco R , Pasayan M K , Mationg M L , Chen H P , Chan Y J , Wu P F , Ke E , Ng O T , Lim P L , Lee L S , Yap T , Avihingsanon A , Gatechompol S , Phanuphak P , Phadungphon C , Kiertiburanakul S , Phuphuakrat A , Chumla L , Sanmeema N , Chaiwarith R , Sirisanthana T , Praparattanapan J , Nuket K , Khuwuwan S , Kambua P , Pongrapass S , Limlertchareonwanit J , Pham T N , Nguyen K V , Nguyen D T H , Nguyen D T , Do C D , Ngo A V , Nguyen L T , Sohn A H , Ross J L , Petersen B , Law M G , Jiamsakul A , Rupasinghe D , Ellis D , Bloch M , Allen D , Burton L , Baker D , Mousavi R , Farlow H , Byrne E , Templeton D J , Garton L , Doyle T , Jackson Eva , Ryder N , Sweeney G , Moran B , Carr A , Hesse K , Hawkes A , Finlayson R , Shields M , Burdon R , Calleia P , Brown K , Varma R , Bopage R , Walsh J , Varghese S , Chung C , Smith D E , Cogle A , Lawrence C , Mulhall B , Law M , Petoumenos K , Hutchinson J , Rose N , Dougherty T , Byonanebye D , Han A , Rupasinghe D , Russell D , Rodriguez M , Sowden D , Taing K , Broom J , Dennien S , Orth D , Youds D , Priscott E , Benn S , Griggs E , Roth N J , Lau H , Teague R , Silvers J , Zeng W , Levey A , Hoy J , Giles M , Bryant M , Price S , Harris P Rawson , Woolley I , Korman T , O’Bryan J , Cisera K , Raymond N 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
To describe changes in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk over time among people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Methods
We used data from the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) and the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD). Five-year ASCVD risk was calculated using the D:A:D equation. Individuals were eligible for inclusion if they were aged ≥18 years, had started ART, had no previous history of ASCVD and had complete ASCVD risk factor data available within the first 5 years of ART initiation.

Results
A total of 3368 adults contributed data, 3221 were from TAHOD and 147 were from AHOD. The median age at ART initiation was 36 [IQR 31–43] years for TAHOD participants, and 42 [IQR 35–50] years for AHOD participants. Most TAHOD (70.4%) and AHOD (91.8%) participants were male. Overall, ASCVD risk increased from 0.84% (95% CI 0.81%–0.87%) at ART initiation to 1.34% (95% CI 1.29%–1.39%) after 5 years on ART. After adjusting for traditional and HIV-associated ASCVD risk factors, ASCVD risk increased at a similar rate among sub-populations defined by HIV exposure (heterosexuals, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs), race/ethnicity (Caucasian and Asian) and nadir CD4 at ART initiation (&lt;200 and ≥200 cells/mm3).

Conclusions
These findings emphasize the growing burden of ASCVD risk among PLHIV and the need to develop interventions that are effective across a broad range of HIV sub-populations.