bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Sulfonylation of Aromatic Rings with Aryl or Alkyl Sulfonic Acid Using Supported P2O5/Al2O3.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Zarei Amin , Khazdooz Leila , Pourmousavi Seied A. , Mirjalili Bi Bi F. , Ruoho A. E. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Asymmetric Staudinger Reactions to Form β‐Lactams: An Unanticipated Dependence of Diastereoselectivity on the Choice of the Nitrogen Substituent.
Authors: Lee Elaine C. , Hodous Brian L. , Bergin Enda , Shih Crystal , Fu Gregory C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
X = Y—ZH Systems as Potential 1,3‐Dipoles. Part 61. Metal‐Exchanged Zeolites, Silver(I) Oxide, Ni(II) and Cu(I) Complexes as Catalysts for 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Imines Generating Proline Derivatives.
Authors: Grigg Ronald , Cooper Daniel M. , Holloway Stephen , McDonald Simon , Millington Emma , Sarker Mohammed A. B. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heterocyclic Thiones and Their Analogues in Reactions of 1,3‐Dipolar Addition. Part 6. Reactions of Thiazoline‐2‐thione with Nitrile Imines.
Authors: Firsova O. V. , Dolgushina T. S. , Polukeev V. A. , Ioannisyan E. M. , Zavodnik V. E. , Stash A. I. , Bel'skii V. K. , Galishev V. A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heterocyclic Thiones and Their Analogues in Reactions of 1,3‐Dipolar Addition. Part 5. Reactions of 2,3,3‐Triphenyl‐1‐thioxophthalimidine with Nitrile Imines.
Authors: Budarina E. V. , Labeish N. N. , Bel'skii V. K. , Galishev V. A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient ZrCl4‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Solvent‐Free Protocol for the Synthesis of 4‐Substituted Coumarins.
Authors: Sharma G. V. M. , Reddy J. Janardhan , Lakshmi P. Sree , Krishna P. Radha 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aqua Mediated Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Amino‐4H‐chromenes and in vitro Study as Antibacterial Agents.
Authors: Kidwai Mazaahir , Saxena Shilpi , Rahman Khan M. Khalilur , Thukral Sharanjit S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bis(trimethylsilyl)ketene Acetals as C,O‐Dinucleophiles: One‐Pot Formation of Polycyclic γ‐ and δ‐Lactones from Pyridines and Pyrazines.
Authors: Rudler Henri , Denise Bernard , Xu Yiming , Parlier Andree , Vaissermann Jacqueline 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Alkyl‐3‐(1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐indoles as Novel 5‐HT6 Receptor Agonists.
Authors: Mattsson Cecilia , Sonesson Clas , Sandahl Anna , Greiner Hartmut E. , Gassen Michael , Plaschke Joerg , Leibrock Joachim , Boettcher Henning 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Transformations of 4‐(4‐Ethoxycarbonylphenylamino)‐ and 4‐(2‐Carboxyphenylamino)quinolines.
Authors: Avetisyan A. A. , Aleksanyan I. L. , Ambartsumyan L. P. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effect of Oxygen Substituents on the Regioselectivity of the Pd‐Assisted Biaryl Coupling Reaction of Benzanilides.
Authors: Harayama Takashi , Kawata Yuko , Nagura Chie , Sato Tomonori , Miyagoe Taeko , Abe Hitoshi , Takeuchi Yasuo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Triazolo‐ and Tetrazolo‐Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Isoquinolines via Temperature Controlled Palladium Catalyzed Allene/Azide Incorporation/Intramolecular 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Cascades.
Authors: Gai Xinjie , Grigg Ronald , Rajviroongit Shuleewan , Songarsa Saiphon , Sridharan Visuvanathar 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diphenyl Diselenide as a Useful Reagent for Intermolecular Domino Reactions of Various Unsaturated Compounds under Photoirradiation Conditions.
Authors: Tsuchii Kaname , Doi Mikio , Ogawa Ikuko , Einaga Yoshiyuki , Ogawa Akiya 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,6‐C—H and 1,5‐O—Si Insertion Reactions of Alkylidenecarbene Derivatives of Monosaccharides.
Authors: Nguyen Van Nhien Albert , Leon Rafael , Postel Denis , Carmo Carreiras M. , Garcia Antonio G. , Marco‐Contelles Jose 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Symbioimine and Neosymbioimine, Amphoteric Iminium Metabolites from the Symbiotic Marine Dinoflagellate Symbiodinium sp.
Authors: Kita Masaki , Ohishi Nao , Washida Kazuto , Kondo Mikiko , Koyama Tomoyuki , Yamada Kaoru , Uemura Daisuke 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Three‐Component One‐Pot Total Syntheses of Glyantrypine, Fumiquinazoline F, and Fiscalin B Promoted by Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Liu Ji‐Feng , Ye Ping , Zhang Bailin , Bi Grace , Sargent Katie , Yu Libing , Yohannes Daniel , Baldino Carmen M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Triplex‐Forming Ability of 2′,4′‐BNAs Bearing Imidazoles as a Nucleobase.
Authors: Hari Yoshiyuki , Obika Satoshi , Inohara Hiroyasu , Ikejiri Masahiro , Une Daisuke , Imanishi Takeshi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Fluoride‐Based Route to All‐Silica Molecular Sieves; a Strategy for Synthesis of New Materials Based Upon Close‐Packing of Guest—Host Products
Authors: Zones Stacey I. , Hwang Son‐Jong , Elomari Saleh , Ogino Isao , Davis Mark E. , Burton Allen W. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Analysis of Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing Protease β‐Secretase: Tools for Memapsin 2 (β‐Secretase) Inhibition Studies
Authors: Koelsch Gerald , Weerasena Vajira , Shin Dongwoo , Ghosh Arun K. , Tang Jordan 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
RC3/neurogranin is expressed in pyramidal neurons of motor and somatosensory cortex in normal and denervated monkeys
Authors: Guadaño‐Ferraz Ana , Viñuela Angel , Oeding Guillermo , Bernal Juan , Rausell Estrella 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRC3/neurogranin is a neuron‐specific calpacitin located in the cytoplasm and, especially, in dendrites and dendritic spines of cortical neurons, involved in many aspects of excitatory transmission and long‐term potentiation. We investigated RC3 expression in pyramidal cortical neurons and interneurons of the motor and somatosensory cortex of normal Macaca fascicularis by means of double immunofluorescence and with techniques that combine immunohistochemistry and radioactive in situ hybridization. We show that RC3 is expressed in virtually all pyramidal neurons and spiny stellate neurons of neocortical areas 4, 3b, 1, 2, 5, 7, and SII, but not in the majority of cortical interneurons. RC3 protein and mRNA are tightly colocalized with the α subunit of CaM kinase II and the 200‐kD, nonphosphorylated neurofilament, whereas they are absent from cells expressing the 27‐kD, vitamin D‐dependent calbindin and parvalbumin. In order to investigate possible activity‐dependent regulation of the expression of RC3, we compared these results with those obtained from monkeys subjected to chronic peripheral cutaneous denervation of the first finger. We found that the pattern of distribution of RC3 in motor and somatosensory cortices after nerve cut did not differ from normal. J. Comp. Neurol. 493:554–570, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trigeminal transition zone/rostral ventromedial medulla connections and facilitation of orofacial hyperalgesia after masseter inflammation in rats
Authors: Sugiyo Shinichi , Takemura Motohide , Dubner Ronald , Ren Ke 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRecent studies have implicated a role for the trigeminal interpolaris/caudalis (Vi/Vc) transition zone in response to orofacial injury. Using combined neuronal tracing and Fos protein immunocytochemistry, we investigated functional connections between the Vi/Vc transition zone and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), a key structure in descending pain modulation. Rats were injected with a retrograde tracer, FluoroGold, into the RVM 7 days before injection of an inflammatory agent, complete Freund's adjuvant, into the masseter muscle and perfused at 2 hours postinflammation. A population of neurons in the ventral Vi/Vc overlapping with caudal ventrolateral medulla, and lamina V of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), exhibited FluoroGold/Fos double staining, suggesting the activation of the trigeminal‐RVM pathway after inflammation. No double‐labeled neurons were found in the dorsal Vi/Vc and laminae I–IV of Vc. Injection of an anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, into the RVM resulted in labeling profiles overlapped with the region that showed FluoroGold/Fos double labeling, suggesting reciprocal connections between RVM and Vi/Vc. Lesions of Vc with a soma‐selective neurotoxin, ibotenic acid, significantly reduced inflammation‐induced Fos expression as well as the number of FluoroGold/Fos double‐labeled neurons in the ventral Vi/Vc (P < 0.05). Compared with control rats, lesions of the RVM (n = 6) or Vi/Vc (n = 6) with ibotenic acid led to the elimination or attenuation of masseter hyperalgesia/allodynia developed after masseter inflammation (P < 0.05–0.01). The present study demonstrates reciprocal connections between the ventral Vi/Vc transition zone and RVM. The Vi/Vc‐RVM pathway is activated after orofacial deep tissue injury and plays a critical role in facilitating orofacial hyperalgesia. J. Comp. Neurol. 493:510–523, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collective Grain Interactions II. Non‐linear Collective Drag Force
Authors: Tsytovich V. N. , Kompaneets R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIt is found that the collective effects operating at large distances from the grain surface can produce substantial scattering of the ion flux and create an additional collective drag force dominant for large grain densities. The consideration is restricted to large grain charges β = Zde 2a /TiλDi ≫ 1 and Ti /Te ≪ 1 (–eZd being the grain charge in units of electron charge, a being the grain size, λDi being the ion Debye radius and Te,i being electron and ion temperatures, respectively). For present dusty plasma experiments β ≈ 10–50, the large charges of grains are screened non‐linearly and the ion scattering creates non‐linear drag force. The present investigation considers effects of scattering by collective grain fields at large distances from the grains. It is found that the physical reason of the importance of collective drag force, calculated in this paper, is related to presence of weakly screened collective field of grains outside the non‐linear screening distance depending on grain densities. The amplitude of this collective fields of the grains is determined by non‐linear screening at non‐linear screening radius. It is shown that for dust densities of present experiments the collective drag force related to this scattering can be of the order of the non‐linear drag force caused by scattering inside the non‐linear screening radius or even larger. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Heterogeneous Plasma‐Producing Structures at Current Implosion of a Wire Array
Authors: Grabovsky E. V. , Mitrofanov K. N. , Nedoseev S. L. , Oleinik G. M. , Porofeev I. Yu. , Samokhin A. A. , Frolov I. N. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractCharacteristic properties of the plasma production process have been considered for the case of megampere currents flowing through hollow cylindrical wire arrays of the Angara‐5‐1 facility. In 3‐4 nanoseconds after voltage applying to the wire surfaces there appear a plasma layer. The system becomes heterogeneous, i.e. consisting of a kernel of metal wires and a plasma layer. In several nanoseconds the current flow goes from metal to plasma, which results in reducing the electric field strength along the wire.The Joule heat energy delivered to the metal before the moment of complete current trapping by plasma is insufficient for the whole mass transition to a hot plasma state. The X‐ray radiography techniques made it possible to detect and study dense clusters of substance of ∼1g/cm3 at a developed discharge stage. The radial expansion velocity of ∼104 cm/s measured at the 70‐th nanosecond after the current start allows treating the dense core at a late stage in the form of a submicron heterogeneous structure from its liquid and slightly ionized gas phase. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sheath in Front of a Negatively Biased Collector that Emits Electrons and is Immersed in a Two Electron Temperature Plasma
Authors: Gyergyek T. , Čerček M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAn extension of a recently published [Gyergyek T., Čerček M. Contrib. Plasma Phys., 45, (2005), 89] one dimensional fluid model of the sheath formation in front of a floating electrode (collector) that emits secondary electrons and is immersed in a two‐electron temperature nonmagnetized, collisionless plasma is presented. The electron velocity distribution function is assumed to be a two‐temperature maxwellian, while the singly charged positive ions and the emitted electrons are assumed to be monoenergetic. It is assumed that the electrons in the pre‐sheath potential drop obey the Boltzmann relation, so that a larger fraction of the hot than of the cool electrons can penetrate to the sheath edge. Our model predicts that the collector can in some cases have 3 and in some cases, when the emission of electrons from the collector is critical, even 5 different floating potentials at the same hot to cool electron temperature and density ratios very far away from the collector. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Collagen type I signaling reduces the expression and the function of human receptor activator of nuclear factor ‐κB ligand (RANKL) in T lymphocytes
Authors: Gendron Steve , Couture Julie , Aoudjit Fawzi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe mechanisms by which β1 integrins modulate T cell functions are still poorly defined. We have previously reported that signaling via the collagen type I (Coll I) receptor, α2β1 integrin, inhibited FasL expression and protected Jurkat T cells from activation‐induced cell death (AICD). In this study, we examined whether Coll I signaling in T cells also modulates the expression of the human receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL), a recently identified TNF family member which has important functions in osteoclastogenesis, cell survival and apoptosis. Our results show that in both Jurkat T cells and human primary T cells, Coll I signaling significantly reduces activation‐induced RANKL expression by 50–60%. We also found that RANKL is not involved in AICD but participates in doxorubicin‐induced apoptosis of leukemia T cell lines including Jurkat, CEM and HSB‐2. In this respect, Coll I protected leukemia T cell lines from doxorubicin‐induced apoptosis by inhibiting doxorubicin‐induced RANKL expression. Together, our results suggest that by limiting the production of RANKL, Coll I signaling may contribute to the resistance of leukemia T cells to chemotherapy. Our study also emphasizes the importance Coll I signaling may have in the control of RANKL‐associated T cell functions.
Automated SIA e‐Tongue Employing a Voltammetric Biosensor Array for the Simultaneous Determination of Glucose and Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Gutés A. , Ibáñez A. B. , del Valle M. , Céspedes F. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAn automated voltammetric electronic tongue has been designed employing a biosensor array formed by three different enzymatic Glucose Oxidase (GOD) electrodes and the Sequential Injection Analysis principle. The system is used for its automated training and operation devised for determining glucose and one of its classical interferents, ascorbic acid. The three enzymatic biosensors contain GOD and different metallic catalysts in order to decrease the working potential and to differentiate the response of primary species and interferents. Linear sweep voltammetry has been the chosen technique for data generation and artificial neural networks have been used as the modeling tool. Different learning algorithms have been tried in order to obtaining the best architecture for the neural network. Glucose has been determined in different fruit juice samples by employing this system, correcting the ascorbic acid contents.
Metabolism of arsenic in Drosophila melanogaster and the genotoxicity of dimethylarsinic acid in the Drosophila wing spot test
Authors: Rizki Mostapha , Kossatz Elk , Velázquez Antonia , Creus Amadeu , Farina Massimo , Fortaner Salvador , Sabbioni Enrico , Marcos Ricardo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractInorganic arsenic is nongenotoxic in the Drosophila melanogaster wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART). Recent evidence in mammalian systems indicates that methylated metabolites of arsenic are more genotoxic than inorganic arsenic. Thus, we hypothesized that inorganic arsenic is nongenotoxic in Drosophila because they are unable to biotransform arsenic to methylated forms. In the present study, we fed trivalent and pentavalent inorganic arsenic to Drosophila larvae and adults and measured the production of methylated derivatives. No biomethylated arsenic species were found in the organisms or in the growth medium, which suggests that Drosophila are unable to biomethylate inorganic arsenic. Exposure of Drosophila to the methylated arsenic derivative dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) resulted in incorporation of this organoarsenic compound without demethylation. In addition, we used the SMART wing spot assay, which measures loss of heterozygosity (LOH) resulting from gene mutation, chromosomal rearrangement, chromosome breakage, and chromosome loss, to evaluate the genotoxicity of DMA. DMA by itself induced significant increases in the frequency of total spots, small spots, and large single spots. These results are consistent with the important role of arsenic biomethylation as a determinant of the genotoxicity of arsenic compounds. The absence of biomethylation in Drosophila could explain the lack of genotoxicity for inorganic arsenic and the genotoxicity of methylated arsenic species in the SMART wing spot assay. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local Assessment Concepts for the Structural Durability of Complex Loaded Components
Authors: Sonsino, C. M. , Fischer G. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAs fatigue damage is a local phenomenon, the design of components must put emphasis on local supportable stress/strain values. In critical areas of components, because of local stress/strain concentrations and appertaining stress/strain gradients, much higher local values can be allowed than the usual design data obtained with unnotched specimens. Only the knowledge of these local values can realize light‐weight design exploiting the material limits.Using component examples like pressure vessels, gears and wheel‐hub assemblies, different variants of local concepts, i.e. strain and stress based methods, are presented for assessing their structural durability. For this, an interaction of numerical and experimental procedures, supported by experience, is necessary.
Effects of residual stresses on the fatigue behaviour of welded steel structures
Authors: Fricke W. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractResidual stresses due to the welding process in steel structures can significantly affect the fatigue behaviour. Usually, high tensile residual stresses up to the yield strength are conservatively assumed at the weld toes. This conservative assumption can result in misleading fatigue assessments. Areas with compressive residual stresses may be present in complex structures, where the details are less critical than predicted. This is shown in the paper by the example of fillet‐welded stiffener ends, where beneficial compressive residual stresses cause the initiation of fatigue cracks at other locations in less‐strained areas. Another example for the effects of residual stresses concerns the stress initiation and propagation at a structural detail under fully compressive load cycles. Fatigue cracks are possible here due to high tensile residual stress fields. The conclusion is that the welding‐induced residual stresses should be known in advance for a reliable fatigue assessment, which becomes possible to an increasing extent by numerical welding simulation.
Structural durability of magnesium alloys and components
Authors: Werdin S. , Troßmann T. , Gugau M. , Kotte K. L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe fatigue behaviour of the magnesium die cast alloys AZ91, AE42 and AM50 was investigated at constant amplitude and in variable amplitude tests. The ambient conditions of these tests varied between laboratory air at room temperature, at 125 °C and a permanent influence of NaCl‐solution at room temperature. More than 40 test series were analysed in a generalized way to determine standardized slopes of S‐N curves and mean stress sensitivity. The behaviour of the three alloys was investigated also in strain‐controlled cyclic tests at normal and elevated temperature. Based on this substantial data set several variants of methods following both the nominal‐stress concept and the local‐strain approach were applied to determine guidelines to improve the reliability of lifetime estimation of components made of magnesium.The corrosion fatigue behaviour of these magnesium alloys was extensively investigated under rotating bending to clarify the damaging influence of the corrosive load component. Under simultaneous action of corrosion and cyclic mechanical loading several influencing factors have to be considered which attain special importance during the testing of magnesium alloys.
Cyanobacterial toxins – occurrence, biosynthesis and impact on human affairs
Authors: Dittmann Elke , Wiegand Claudia 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMass developments of cyanobacteria (“blue‐green algae”) in lakes and brackish waters have repeatedly led to serious concerns due to their frequent association with toxins. Among these are the widespread hepatotoxins microcystin (MC) and nodularin (NOD). Here, we give an overview about the ecostrategies of the diverse toxin‐producing species and about the genes and enzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of the cyclic peptides. We further summarize current knowledge about toxicological mechanisms of MC and NOD, including protein phosphatase inhibition, oxidative stress and their tumor‐promoting capabilities. One biotransformation pathway for MC is described. Mechanisms of cyanobacterial neurotoxins (anatoxin‐a, homanatoxin‐a, and anatoxin‐a(s)) are briefly explained. We highlight selected cases of human fatalities related to the toxins. A special focus is given to evident cases of contamination of food supplements with cyanobacterial toxins, and to the necessary precautions.