bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth inhibitory effects of interferon on normal and malignant human haemopoietic cells
Authors: Balkwill Frances R. , Oliver R. T. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA study of the effects of human leukocyte and lymphoblastoid interferon preparations on the growth of normal, immune and malignant haemopoietic cells has been carried out. At a standard dose of 10,000 U/ml, incorporation of tritiated thymidine ([3H] TdR) was reduced by 7–92% of control values, and cell survival by 35–82% in acute myelogenous leukaemia cell cultures, whereas in normal bone‐marrow cultures interferon showed a 58–62% reduction in [3H] TdR uptake but only up to 13% reduction in cell survival. [3H] TdR incorporation by MLC‐stimulated lymphocytes was also significantly reduced by interferon but the blastogenic response to PHA was not. These effects of interferon were shown to be dose‐dependent. The problems of using interferon in the treatment of AML in the light of these findings are discussed.
Lymphocyte cytotoxicity against autologous tumour biopsy cells in humans
Authors: Vose B. M. , Vanky F. , Klein Eva 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy the application of separation techniques in a stepwise manner to mechanically prepared cell suspensions from human tumour biopsies it has been possible to isolate tumour cells having high viability and low contamination with host cells. These tumour cells have been used as targets in 51Cr release cytotoxicity assays using autologous lymphocytes from blood or lymph node as effectors. It has been possible to investigate this reactivity in 30 patients with malignant and four patients with benign tumours. Significant autologous cytotoxicity in the blood lymphocytes was detectable in two of 12 lung tumours, nine of 18 other carcinomas and sarcomas but in none of the benign cases. Cytotoxicity was not limited by the presence of obvious residual disease at the time of operation although reactivity was less frequently detectable in patients with secondary involvement. Reactivity in the tumour‐draining lymph nodes largely paralleled that in the blood in the limited number of patients examined. The technical problems encountered during this study and the role of natural cytotoxicity in the interpretation of these data are discussed.
Surface immunoglobulins and protease inhibitors of human acute leukemia blasts
Authors: Cotropia J. P. , Gutterman J. U. , Hersh E. M. , Mavligit G. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCell‐surface proteins of human leukemic blasts were studied by direct immunofluorescence (DIF), low pH elution and immunodiffusion (ID). Among AML blasts from 21 patients, the average proportions of blasts positive for IgG, IgM, and IgA were 60%, 9%, and 9% respectively. In contrast, blasts from four CML patients in blast crisis and 14 ALL patients had surface IgG, IgM, and IgA values of 14%, 9%, and 7% respectively for the former group and 1.4%, 1.1%, and 0.8% respectively for the latter group. Blasts from 20 leukemic cell preparations were eluted at pH 2.4 for 30 min at 4° C in glycine. HC1 buffer. Immunodiffusion with appropriate specific antisera demonstrated intact IgG in 3 of 13 AML eluates. Ten of 13 AML eluates, 1 of 3 CML eluates, and 2 of 4 ALL eluates contained intact IgG and Fab fragment, but no Fc fragment. One CML eluate contained intact IgG; the remaining CML eluate contained Fab fragment only. Two ALL eluates contained no IgG or fragments by double diffusion. An eluate from a pool of normal human leukocytes from 20 normal donors contained intact IgG and Fc fragment, but no Fab fragment. Nineteen of 20 leukemic cell eluates also contained the anti‐proteases alpha‐1‐antitrypsin and alpha‐1‐anti‐chymotrypsin which were shown to have been proteolytically modified. Five of 20 leukemic cell eluates contained the anti‐protease alpha‐2‐macroglobulin. The normal leukocyte eluate contained alpha‐1‐anti‐trypsin but no alpha‐1‐anti‐chymotrypsin or alpha‐2‐macroglobulin. The presence of Fab fragment in AML, CML blast crisis and ALL eluates suggests IgG binding by Fab as antibody, while Fc fragment in normal leukocyte eluate suggests binding via Fc to the Fc receptor. The expression of cell‐associated proteolytic enzymes, as revealed by the presence of protease‐modified anti‐proteases, may explain cell‐surface IgG degradation. A consequence of surface proteolytic activity would be the degradation of IgG antibody to yield Fab fragment bound to membrane antigenic determinants. The Fab reaction product is incapable of interacting with either complement or Fc receptors. Therefore, such proteolytic activity may protect the leukemic blasts from lysis by complement‐dependent or antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxic mechanisms.
Cell‐mediated immunity against particulate and solubilized tumor‐associated antigens of murine plasmacytomas detected by macrophage migration inhibition assays
Authors: Padarathsing M. L. , Dean J. H. , McCoy J. L. , Lewis D. D. , Northing J. W. , Natori T. , Law L. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCell‐mediated immunity (CMI), as detected by the agarose microdroplet macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) assay, was investigated using peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) of BALB/c mice and several crude membrane (CM) and solubilized preparations of murine plasmacytomas. The MMI assay was quite sensitive and detected inhibition of macrophage migration as low as picogram quantities of CM, NP40 detergent‐ and papain‐solubilized preparations (CS) of ADJ‐PCS and LPC‐1 plasmacytomas. The data were highly reproducible from one experiment to the next with the same or different lots of the CM or solubilized extracts. Specificity studies demonstrated that ADJ‐PCS and LPC‐1 plasmacytomas expressed cross‐reactive tumor‐associated antigens (TAA) as detected by MMI and confirmed by tumor challenge and Winn neutralization experiments. No cross‐reactivity was observed with similar extracts prepared from an unrelated syngeneic simian virus 40 (SV40)‐induced sarcoma. The inhibition of macrophage migration observed was mediated by culture supernatants generated from the mixture of plasmacytoma‐immune spleen cells with antigens and then assayed in an indirect MMI assay on normal PEC. The agarose microdroplet MMI assay appeared to be a rapid and sensitive method to measure TAA recognition and to monitor TAA isolation and solubilization with minimum numbers of immune cells.
Latent carcinoma of prostate at autopsy in seven areas. Collaborative study organized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyons, France
Authors: Breslow N. , Chan C. W. , Dhom G. , Drury R. A. B. , Franks L. M. , Gellei B. , Lee Y. S. , Lundberg S. , Sparke B. , Sternbya N. H. , Tulinius H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA world‐wide comparative study of the frequency and characteristics of latent carcinoma of the prostate was undertaken in seven areas, using standardized methods and “blind” microscopic evaluation in order to reduce selection and observer bias. The morphological features of 350 latent carcinomas found in 1,327 prostates were examined. Two Chinese populations, from Hong Kong and Singapore, showed a low frequency of latent carcinoma in comparison with western Europeans in Sweden and the Federal Republic of Germany and negroes from Jamaica; an intermediate position was found for Israelis and black Ugandans. The frequency of small latent carcinomas was about 12% in all the areas investigated and did not vary with age. Rates for larger latent carcinomas increased sharply with age and showed an area‐to‐area variation resembling that of clinical carcinoma of prostate. The small carcinomas were almost exclusively situated in the outer half of the prostate and latent carcinomas of all sizes were evenly distributed between the anterior and posterior halves of the prostate and the right and left sides of the outer prostatic shell. Certain disagreements in diagnosis were noted when the sections from each area were evaluated independently by a different pathologist. Most of these disagreements were resolved by re‐reading the sections; their occurrence had no significant effect on the geographical comparisons.
Tyrosinase activity in the sera of patients with malignant melanoma: Method and specificity
Authors: Nishioka K. , Romsdahl M. M. , Fritsche H. A. , McMurtrey M. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum tyrosinase activity has been measured by adapting the [3]tyrosine assay for tyrosinase and significant elevations of serum tyrosinase activity were found in patients with malignant melanoma. In contrast to findings in a study which utilized [14C]tyrosine, augmented levels of tyrosinase activity were not observed in sera from patients with other malignancies, including subjects with carcinoma of the breast. The results of the examinations for soluble tyrosinase activity in human malignant melanoma tissue‐cultured lines were all positive, whereas human cell lines from carcinoma of the breast, carcinoma of the colon and sarcoma uniformly showed no activity. The method employed for detecting tyrosinase activity holds promise as a specific diagnostic test and may be valuable for monitoring the response to clinical treatment of patients with malignant melanoma.
Surface glycoprotein patterns of normal and malignant human lymphoid cells. II. B cells, B blasts and epstein‐barr virus (EBV)‐positive and ‐negative B lymphoid cell lines
Authors: Nilsson Kenneth , Andersson Leif C. , Gahmberg Carl G. , Wigzell Hans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSurface glycoproteins of normal human B lymphocytes, B blasts and various types of lymphoid cell lines were labelled by the galactose oxidase‐tritiated sodium borohydride method. The labelled glycoproteins were separated by polyacryUmide slab gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecy! sulfate and visualized by modified autoradiography (fluorography). The battery of examined hematopoietic cell lines included Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) carrying lines of proven malignant origin (Burkitt's lymphoma) and presumed non‐neoplastic origin (lymphoblastoid cell lines), and EBV‐genome‐negative lymphocytic lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, myeloma and myeloid leukemia lines. The presence of possible EBV‐associated surface glycoproteins, detectable by the labelling method, was studied by use of two EBV‐negative cell lines (BJAB and Ramos) and their EBV‐converted sublines. The six Burkitt lymphoma and three lymphocytic lymphoma lines had all the basic surface glycoprotein pattern of resting B cells and, in addition to individually distinct bands, two characteristic pairs of glycoproteins sf apparent molecular weights of 87,000/85,000 and 71,000/69,OOO. These glycoproteins were not detected on the normal B celts, B blasts or non‐neoplastic lymphoblastoid lines. Neither were they found on the other types of neoptastic line. No consistent difference in the surface glycoprotein patterns was detected between the EBV‐genome‐negative and EBV‐con‐verted BJAB and Ramos sublines. The glycoprotein pattern of the six lymphoblastoid lines resembled that of the B blasts. The histiocytic lymphoma, myeloma and leukemia lines all had distinct patterns. These results confirm that the Burkitt's lymphoma and the lymphoblastoid cell lines represent two biologically distinct EBV‐carrying B lymphoid celts and that the galactose oxidase NaB[3H]4 surface labelling technique can be used as a reliable molecular mapping method to distinguish between these two and other types of lymphoid cell lines.
Geographic variations in tumor prevalence among marine fish populations
Authors: Stich H. F. , Acton A. B. , Dunn B. P. , Oishi K. , Yamazaki F. , Harada T. , Peters G. , Peters N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA global epidemiological study on the frequency of skin papillomas among various flatfish species (Pleuronectids), papillomas of eels and the virus induced lymphocystis disease has revealed particular distribution patterns. Skin papillomas are prevalent among at least 20 flatfish species of the northern Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, and Japan Sea but appear to be absent from the Atlantic, North Sea, and the Caribbean Sea. The opposite is found for lymphocystis, which is common among flatfish species off the Atlantic shores of Europe and North America. Similarly the skin papillomas of eels are restricted to a relatively small region along the European coast extending from the Baltic countries to Denmark, Germany and Holland. Superimposed on this global distribution pattern are local variations in tumor prevalences which can vary from about 58% to 0.01%. The geographic distribution pattern points to the existence of areas around the globe in which flatfish or eels are able to develop skin papillomas. Outside these areas of “potential skin papilloma risk,” flatfish and eel populations are not afflicted with papillomas even if they inhabit estuaries or rivers with a high man‐made or naturally‐occurring pollution.
Immunologic identification of fetal calf serum‐derived proteins on the surfaces of cultured transformed and untransformed rat cells
Authors: Phillips Edwin R. , Perdue James F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antigens of rat embryo fibroblasts (REF) and of rat Rous sarcoma cells (derived by in vivo passage of oncogenically transformed REF) were studied using the technique of non‐ionic detergent solubilization of radiolabelled cells. Solubilized antigens were complexed with rat immune IgG, and precipitation of the complexes was accomplished with rabbit anti‐rat IgG. The precipitated radiolabelled antigens were then dissolved in sodium dodecyl sulfate and separated by poly‐acrylamide gel electrophoresis. This investigation disclosed the existence of cell surface antigenic proteins which are derived from the fetal calf serum (FCS) used in the cell‐culture medium. These FCS‐dependent antigens include at least three molecular species of approximate molecular weights 95,000, 80,000 and 68,000 daltons. They are probably derived from simple adsorption of FCS proteins to the cell surface, although more complex interactions are possible. One of these proteins (95,000 daltons) is of particular interest. It tenaciously adheres to the cell surface so that a trace amount remains even after subculture in the absence of FCS. Rat Rous sarcomas which are morphologically highly transformed appear to bind very little or none of this protein to their surfaces, whereas untransformed rat embryo fibroblasts bind large quantities. A rat Rous sarcoma line which is intermediate in morphological transformation binds an intermediate amount of this antigen. These findings invite speculation that the interaction of certain serum components with the cell surface may be related to plasma membrane properties which distinguish untransformed and transformed cells.
Induction of tumor resistance with BCGa‐associated tumor antigen
Authors: Crum E. D. , McGregor D. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSoluble material enriched in tumor‐associated antigen was prepared by affinity chromatography from a KCI extract of the chemically‐induced D‐23 rat hepatoma. Microgram quantities of the above material bound spontaneously to living BCG when the two were incubated briefly in vitro. When injected into normal syngeneic rats, the BCG‐associated tumor antigen induced a measure of resistance against challenge with D‐23 tumor cells. Peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) obtained from such actively immunized subjects were able to suppress the growth of D‐23 tumor cells at a test site in muscle. In contrast, immunization with either BCG alone, tumor protein alone, or tumor protein admixed with BCG in circumstances designed to impede association of the protein, failed to provoke the formation of tumor suppressor PEC. The results encourage the belief that binding of tumor antigen to BCG favors the induction of a cell‐mediated tumor suppressive response.
Tumor‐associated humoral cytotoxicity in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia before and after chemotherapy
Authors: Fäldt R. , Ankerst J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera of eight unselected adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia obtained before and after chemotherapy were repeatedly tested for specific complement‐dependent cytotoxicity against autochthonous peripheral white blood cells from the acute leukemia stage and from the remission stage, respectively. Complement‐dependent cytotoxicity against white blood cells from the acute leukemia stage was demonstrated in all of the eight patients, while none of three patients' sera were reactive against white blood cells from the remission stage tested in parallel. The cytotoxicity was increased after chemotherapy, also in those patients in whom remission was not achieved.
Isolation of breast cancer tumour antigen from serum and urine
Authors: Lopez M. J. , Thomson D. M. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA blocking tube leukocyte adherence inhibition assay (tube LAI) was used to detect and monitor the isolation of blocking factor from the serum and urine of advanced breast cancer patients. The results of the present study indicate that the blocking factor in serum and urine was soluble breast cancer TSA. In the serum, TSA chromatographed in the region of about 80,000 to >150,000 mol. wt and was shown not to be IgG. By the technique of polyanion precipitation, the TSA was shown to be lipoprotein in nature and co‐isolated with high‐density lipoproteins. In the urine, the TSA chromatographed in the region of about 48,000 mol. wt and this suggested that the serum TSA had undergone enzymatic cleavage prior to filtration. By immuno‐adsorbent affinity chromatography with xeno‐antisera directed to the xenoantigenic determinant of HLA, blocking factor (TSA) was isolated from sera from patients with metastatic breast cancer. The specificity of binding of TSA to the immuno‐adsorbent columns and the immunologically specific abrogation of LAI reactivity were clearly shown. Breast cancer TSA was also isolated from serum by immunoadsorbent affinity columns with human cytophilic IgG anti‐tumour antibody to breast cancer. The tumour‐specific antigenic determinant of human breast cancer appeared either to be associated with the major histocompatibility complex or to be a modified HLA antigen. The present study has defined the features of breast TSA present in serum and urine and it is possible that, from these sources and with these methods, sufficient quantities of pure TSA can be isolated.
In vitro assessment of immunocompetence in patients with malignant melanoma
Authors: Golub Sidney H. , Rangel Decio M. , Morton Donald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNinety‐four patients with malignant melanoma and 96 healthy controls were tested for lymphocyte proliferative capacity in a microblastogenesis assay. Each lymphocyte sample was assayed for incorporation of (3H)thymidine after stimulation with PHA, PWM, Con A (two doses), PPD, and allogeneic lymphocytes (MLC). MLC was the only assay that revealed a substantial and significant difference between the melanoma patients and controls. Almost all assays showed lower values in patients with more advanced disease. However, it was not possible to accurately predict clinical outcome from data obtained from in vitro immunocompetence tests. These results indicate the relatively limited clinical usefulness of assays of lymphocyte proliferative capacity in melanoma patients.
Human tumour—lymphocyte interaction in vitro. V. Comparison of the reactivity of tumour‐infiltrating, blood and lymph‐node lymphocytes with autologous tumour cells
Authors: Vose B. M. , Vánky F. , Klein E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphocytes prepared from the blood, tumour‐draining lymph node and tumour were tested for immune reactivity with freshly isolated autologous tumour cells from biopsies. Reactivity was assessed by the autologous tumour stimulation assay and by lymphocytotoxicity. Activity was found in 6/11 blood preparations, 7/10 lymph nodes and 1/7 tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in tumour stimulation assays and in 6/19 blood, 8/18 lymph‐node and 5/20 tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in cytotoxicity assays. Tests with material from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma showed a higher frequency of cytotoxicity in the tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes than in other solid tumours. There was a correlation between results of the two assays when performed on the same preparations and between the levels of reactivity in lymph node and blood from the same patient. Cytotoxicity in the lymph nodes showed specificity in that cells from a long‐term culture (K562) known to be sensitive to natural killer activity and from allogeneic tumour biopsies were only rarely damaged. Cytotoxicity against K562 was more frequently determined in blood lymphocytes. Tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes were non‐reactive in patients when the blood and lymph‐node lymphocytes were active.
C. Parvum immunotherapy of transplanted rat tumours
Authors: Pimm M. V. , Baldwin R. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractC. parvum (Wellcome CN 6134) has been tested for tumour suppression against a range of syngeneically transplanted rat tumours, both carcinogen‐induced and of spontaneous origin. Subcutaneous growth was not prevented by distant subcutaneous or intravenous injection of the preparation, although growth rates were sometimes depressed or accelerated. In contrast, C. parvum injected in admixture with tumour cells consistently suppressed their growth and with highly immunogenic tumours induced systemic tumour immunity. C. parvum injected intravenously retarded development of pulmonary tumour deposits, and intrapleural injection suppressed growth of pleural tumours and malignant effusions. Host immunosuppression failed to abrogate the tumour‐suppressive effect of locally applied C. parvum, but host macrophage depletion with silica totally abolished the response. These studies indicate that in the rat, tumour suppression is most consistently achieved by regional application of C. parvum, and that this response is more dependent upon local macrophage stimulation than generation of systemic immune responses.
Inhibition of RNA and protein syntheses makes non‐differentiating mouse myeloid leukemia cells sensitive to a factor(s) stimulating differentiation
Authors: Okabe Junko , Honma Yoshio , Hozumi Motoo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTreatment with ascitic fluid from animals bearing various tumors, can induce mouse myeloid leukemia line cells, M1, to differentiate in vitro into macrophages and granulocytes. Cells were isolated that were resistant to the ascitic fluid factor(s) stimulating differentiation (D‐factor). The resistant cells became sensitive to the D‐factor and differentiated after treatment with various inhibitors of RNA synthesis (actinomycin D, nogalamycin, chromomycin A3 or cordycepin) or protein synthesis (puromycin or cycloheximide). The cells could not be induced to differentiate by treatment with the inhibitors alone. The effective doses of the inhibitors of protein synthesis were toxic to the cells. Among these inhibitors actinomycin D (5 ng/ml) was the most effective for sensitizing the resistant cells. Inhibitors of DNA synthesis did not sensitize the resistant cells. Added actinomycin D was mainly recovered in the nuclear fraction of the cells. The sensitizing effect of actinomycin D on the cells was roughly parallel to the extent of its inhibition of RNA synthesis in the cells. The effective concentration of actinomycin D (5 ng/ml) mainly inhibited the α‐amanitin‐sensitive RNA synthesis, although it also inhibited α‐amanitin‐resistant RNA synthesis to some extent. These results suggest that α‐amanitin‐sensitive RNA synthesis may be involved in sensitization of the resistant cells to the D‐factor.