bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Territorial heritage gentrification in Abdali in Amman, Jordan
Authors: Al Rabady Rama 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHaving established itself as a heritage discourse, planetary gentrification is being studied in terms of how it operates in the Global South. This study focuses on the case of Abdali Amman, a significant mixed-use neighbourhood in Jordan that has experienced numerous mega-gentrification initiatives. According to Bourdieu’s theories of the state and dispositional practices, this study critically evaluates urban gentrification practices. In terms of gentrification governance, which takes place in two adjacent ‘state’ and ‘civic’ zones inside the Abdali district, this study analyses the interactions between transnational and state actors and the intragovernmental (state-municipality) governance system. Gentrification in Amman is connected to the revitalisation of historic sites, is a matter of urban governance, and operates from the transnational sphere along national and local lines. Furthermore, gentrification is caught in a desire/resistance paradox with calls for legitimacy and recognition. As a country in the Global South, Jordan has welcomed capitalist urbanisation. Gentrification is articulated within a flux between deterritorialisation/reterritorialisation, producing a form of ‘heritage gentrification’ in which history and national heritage are sacrificed through a process of satellite gentrification that is rooted in generative cultural transformation and governed by decentralised power structures. Introducing a Western blueprint of planetary gentrification through narrow gates into non-Western environments is a prevailing challenge.
Clonal Hematopoiesis and Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms After Autologous Transplant for Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Yan Chengcheng , Richard Melissa A. , Gibson Christopher J. , He Jianbo , Bosworth Alysia , Crossman David K. , Singh Purnima , Hageman Lindsey , Kalra Rashi , Armenian Saro H. , Vose Julie , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Ebert Benjamin L. , Yasui Yutaka , Forman Stephen J. , Bhatia Ravi , Bhatia Smita 
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE Therapy-related myeloid neoplasm (t-MN) is a life-threatening complication of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (aPBSCT) for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Although previous studies have reported an association between clonal hematopoiesis (CH) in the infused PBSC product and subsequent post-aPBSCT risk of t-MN in patients with non-HL, information about patients with HL treated with aPBSCT is not available. METHODS We constructed a retrospective cohort of 321 patients with HL transplanted at a median age of 34 years (range, 18-71). Targeted DNA sequencing of PBSC products performed for CH-associated or myeloid malignancy-associated genes identified pathogenic mutations in these patients. RESULTS CH was identified in the PBSC product of 46 patients (14.3%) with most prominent representation of DNMT3A (n = 25), PPM1D (n = 7), TET2 (n = 7), and TP53 (n = 5) mutations. Presence of CH in the PBSC product was an independent predictor of t-MN (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 4.50 [95% CI, 1.54 to 13.19]). Notably all patients with TP53 mutations in the PBSC product developed t-MN, whereas none of the patients with DNMT3A mutations alone (without co-occurring TP53 or PPM1D mutations) did. Presence of TP53 and/or PPM1D mutations was associated with a 7.29-fold higher hazard of t-MN when compared with individuals carrying no CH mutations (95% CI, 1.72 to 30.94). The presence of TP53 and/or PPM1D mutations was also associated with a 4.17-fold higher hazard of nonrelapse mortality (95% CI, 1.25 to 13.87). There was no association between CH and relapse-related mortality. CONCLUSION The presence of TP53 and/or PPM1D mutations in the PBSC product increases the risk of post-aPBSCT t-MN and nonrelapse mortality among patients with HL and may support alternative therapeutic strategies.
Effects of Hypertriglyceridemia With or Without NEFA Elevation on β-cell Function and Insulin Clearance and Sensitivity
Authors: Tricò Domenico , Rebelos Eleni , Astiarraga Brenno , Baldi Simona , Scozzaro Tiziana , Sacchetta Luca , Chiriacò Martina , Mari Andrea , Ferrannini Ele , Muscelli Elza , Natali Andrea 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
Hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and might contribute to its pathogenesis either directly or through elevation of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs).

Objective
This study aimed at comparing the glucometabolic effects of acute hypertriglyceridemia alone or combined with NEFA elevation in subjects without diabetes.

Methods
Twenty-two healthy lean volunteers underwent 5-hour intravenous infusions of either saline or Intralipid, without (n = 12) or with heparin (I + H; n = 10) to activate the release of NEFAs. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed during the last 3 hours of infusion. Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion rate (ISR), model-derived β-cell function, and insulin clearance were measured after 2 hours of lipid infusion and during the OGTTs.

Results
In fasting conditions, both lipid infusions increased plasma insulin and ISR and reduced insulin clearance without affecting plasma glucose and insulin sensitivity. These effects on insulin and ISR were more pronounced for I + H than Intralipid alone. During the OGTT, the lipid infusions markedly impaired glucose tolerance, increased plasma insulin and ISR, and decreased insulin sensitivity and clearance, without significant group differences. Intralipid alone inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (ie, β-cell glucose sensitivity) and increased β-cell potentiation, whereas I + H had neutral effects on these β-cell functions.

Conclusion
In healthy nonobese subjects, mild acute hypertriglyceridemia directly reduces glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and clearance, and has selective and opposite effects on β-cell function that are neutralized by NEFAs. These findings provide new insight into plausible biological signals that generate and sustain insulin resistance and chronic hyperinsulinemia in the development of T2D.
A Case of Cribriform-Morular Thyroid Carcinoma Presenting Without Thyroid Nodule
Authors: Rao Angela , Needleman Leor , Lalakea M Lauren , Hsu Emory 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cribriform-morular thyroid carcinoma is a rare type of thyroid cancer. It has a strong association with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), a hereditary genetic disorder that predisposes individuals to the development of numerous polyps in the colon and rectum. We describe the case of a young female patient who presented with an enlarging goiter, notably without detectable thyroid nodules or masses on ultrasound, who after total thyroidectomy was found to have cribriform-morular thyroid carcinoma. This diagnosis led to genetic testing and diagnosis of FAP syndrome. We demonstrate that this rare thyroid carcinoma may present with nonsuspicious findings on sonographic evaluation while being a valuable harbinger in the diagnosis of FAP syndrome.
Cervicomediastinal Hematoma: Atypical Presentation of a Parathyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Cicia Martina , Papi Giampaolo , Scillitani Alfredo , Corrado Stefania , Locantore Pietro , Pontecorvi Alfredo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare endocrine neoplasm that typically presents with osteopenia/osteoporosis, nephrolithiasis, asthenia, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. We describe the case of a 48-year-old woman, presenting with a large painful hematoma in the cervicomediastinal area. The neck ultrasound (US) demonstrated a solid lesion measuring 40 × 80 × 55 mm, markedly hypoechoic, which extended from the right thyroid lobe to the mediastinum. The blood tests showed elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations, consistent with hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism. The patient was rehydrated and treated with furosemide, cholecalciferol, and bisphosphonate, and underwent right lower parathyroidectomy, right hemithyroidectomy, and lymphadenectomy of the right VI cervical level. Histological examination was diagnostic for nonangioinvasive or neuroinvasive PC, and the thyroid lobe was the site of lymphocytic thyroiditis; all removed lymph nodes were benign. The postoperative course was regular. Postoperative neck US showed a hypoechoic left thyroid lobe without evidence of residual neoplasm in the right thyroid bed. Levothyroxine therapy of 50 mcg/day was started because of serum thyrotropin concentrations elevated at 18 mcIU/mL (normal reference range, 0.35-4.0 mIU/mL). Eight years after diagnosis, the patient is in good general condition, with no clinical, biochemical, or imaging evidence of disease persistence/recurrence.
A Palestinian Woman’s Writings
Authors: Kamal Noura 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Despite their success as agents in social, political, economic, and cultural spheres, Palestinian women face tremendous hardships due to Israeli occupation and the patriarchal social and political structure. One issue that the literature has not sufficiently explored is how women use various forms of art to make sense of these obstacles and navigate the struggles of daily life. By narrating the story of one Palestinian woman and her relationship with writing, this article explores Palestine women’s attempts to redefine public space and discourse while reflecting on broader questions of the relationships between art, agency, gender, and power. The article sheds light on how art can be mobilized both to navigate daily obstacles and challenge the hegemonic power of official institutions and to induce paradigm shifts within the genre of writing itself. The article argues that writing can be considered a tool both for managing everyday life and for confronting larger questions of power imbalance and enforced suffering.
Association of Postoperative Hypoglycemia With Mortality After Elective Craniotomy
Authors: He Jialing , Zhang Yu , Cheng Xin , Tian Yixin , Hao Pengfei , Li Tiangui , Xiao Yangchun , Peng Liyuan , Feng Yuning , Deng Haidong , Wang Peng , Chong Weelic , Hai Yang , Chen Lvlin , You Chao , Jia Lu , Fang Fang 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Hypoglycemia is a known risk of intensive postoperative glucose control in neurosurgical patients. However, the impact of postoperative hypoglycemia after craniotomy remains unexplored. This study aimed to determine the association between postoperative hypoglycemia and mortality in patients undergoing elective craniotomy.

METHODS:
This study involved adult patients who underwent elective craniotomy at the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, between January 2011 and March 2021. We defined moderate hypoglycemia as blood glucose levels below 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) and severe hypoglycemia as blood glucose levels below 2.2 mmol/L (40 mg/dL). The primary outcome was postoperative 90-day mortality.

RESULTS:
This study involved 15 040 patients undergoing an elective craniotomy. Overall, 504 (3.4%) patients experienced moderate hypoglycemia, whereas 125 (0.8%) patients experienced severe hypoglycemia. Multivariable analysis revealed that both moderate hypoglycemia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.86, 95% CI 1.24-2.78) and severe (aOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.46-5.92) hypoglycemia were associated with increased 90-day mortality compared with patients without hypoglycemia. Moreover, patients with moderate (aOR 2.78, 95% CI 2.28-3.39) or severe (aOR 16.70, 95% CI 10.63-26.23) hypoglycemia demonstrated a significantly higher OR for major morbidity after adjustment, compared with those without hypoglycemia. Patients experiencing moderate (aOR 3.20, 95% CI 2.65-3.88) or severe (aOR 14.03, 95% CI 8.78-22.43) hypoglycemia had significantly longer hospital stays than those without hypoglycemia. The risk of mortality and morbidity showed a tendency to increase with the number of hypoglycemia episodes in patients undergoing elective craniotomy (P for trend = .01, <.001).

CONCLUSION:
Among patients undergoing an elective craniotomy, moderate hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia are associated with increased mortality, major morbidity, and prolonged hospital stays. In addition, the risk of mortality and major morbidity increases with the number of hypoglycemia episodes.
The Impact of Preprocedural Platelet Function Testing on Periprocedural Complication Rates Associated With Pipeline Flow Diversion: An International Multicenter Study
Authors: Vranic Justin E. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Berglar Inka K. , Alotaibi Naif M. , Cancelliere Nicole M. , Stapleton Christopher J. , Rabinov James D. , Harker Pablo , Gupta Rajiv , Bernstock Joshua D. , Koch Matthew J. , Raymond Scott B. , Mascitelli Justin R. , Patterson T. Tyler , Seinfeld Joshua , White Andrew , Case David , Roark Christopher , Gandhi Chirag D. , Al-Mufti Fawaz , Cooper Jared , Matouk Charles , Sujijantarat Nanthiya , Devia Diego A. , Ocampo-Navia Maria I. , Villamizar-Torres Daniel E. , Puentes Juan C. , Salem Mohamed M. , Baig Ammad , El Namaani Kareem , Kühn Anna Luisa , Pukenas Bryan , Jankowitz Brian T. , Burkhardt Jan Karl , Siddiqui Adnan , Jabbour Pascal , Singh Jasmeet , Puri Ajit S. , Regenhardt Robert W. , Mendes Pereira Vitor , Patel Aman B. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is necessary to minimize the risk of periprocedural thromboembolic complications associated with aneurysm embolization using pipeline embolization device (PED). We aimed to assess the impact of platelet function testing (PFT) on reducing periprocedural thromboembolic complications associated with PED flow diversion in patients receiving aspirin and clopidogrel.

METHODS:
Patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms requiring PED flow diversion were identified from 13 centers for retrospective evaluation. Clinical variables including the results of PFT before treatment, periprocedural DAPT regimen, and intracranial complications occurring within 72 h of embolization were identified. Complication rates were compared between PFT and non-PFT groups. Differences between groups were tested for statistical significance using the Wilcoxon rank sum, Fisher exact, or χ2 tests. A P-value <.05 was statistically significant.

RESULTS:
580 patients underwent PED embolization with 262 patients dichotomized to the PFT group and 318 patients to the non-PFT group. 13.7% of PFT group patients were clopidogrel nonresponders requiring changes in their pre-embolization DAPT regimen. Five percentage of PFT group [2.8%, 8.5%] patients experienced thromboembolic complications vs 1.6% of patients in the non-PFT group [0.6%, 3.8%] (P = .019). Two (15.4%) PFT group patients with thromboembolic complications experienced permanent neurological disability vs 4 (80%) non-PFT group patients. 3.7% of PFT group patients [1.5%, 8.2%] and 3.5% [1.8%, 6.3%] of non-PFT group patients experienced hemorrhagic intracranial complications (P > .9).

CONCLUSION:
Preprocedural PFT before PED treatment of intracranial aneurysms in patients premedicated with an aspirin and clopidogrel DAPT regimen may not be necessary to significantly reduce the risk of procedure-related intracranial complications.
Sealing the deal – Antarctic fur seals' active hunting tactics to capture small evasive prey revealed by miniature sonar tags
Authors: Chevallay Mathilde , Guinet Christophe , Goulet-Tran Didier , Jeanniard du Dot Tiphaine 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
The ability of predators to adopt hunting tactics that minimise escape reactions from prey is crucial for efficient foraging, and depends on detection capabilities and locomotor performance of both predators and prey. Here, we investigated the efficiency of a small pinniped, the Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) at exploiting their small prey by describing for the first time their fine-scale predator–prey interactions. We compared these with those from another diving predator, the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) that forage on the same prey type. We used data recorded by a newly developed sonar tag that combines active acoustics with ultrahigh-resolution movement sensors to study simultaneously the fine-scale behaviour of both Antarctic fur seals and prey during predator–prey interactions in more than 1200 prey capture events for eight female Antarctic fur seals. Our results showed that Antarctic fur seals and their prey detect each other at the same time, i.e. 1–2 s before the strike, forcing Antarctic fur seals to display reactive fast-moving chases to capture their prey. In contrast, southern elephant seals detect their prey up to 10 s before the strike, allowing them to approach their prey stealthily without triggering an escape reaction. The active hunting tactics used by Antarctic fur seals is probably very energy consuming compared with the stalking tactics used by southern elephant seals but might be compensated for by the consumption of faster-moving larger prey. We suggest that differences in manoeuvrability, locomotor performance and detection capacities and in pace of life between Antarctic fur seals and southern elephant seals might explain these differences in hunting styles.
Refinement of a technique for collecting and evaluating the osmolality of haemolymph from Drosophila larvae
Authors: Kurio Misato , Tsukasa Yuma , Uemura Tadashi , Usui Tadao 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Ex vivo physiological experiments using small insect models such as Drosophila larvae have become increasingly useful to address fundamental biological questions. To perform such experiments, various artificial saline solutions have been developed, but their osmolality varies significantly from one to the next. Such a variation of osmolality stems, in part, from the difficulty of determining the true value of haemolymph osmolality in Drosophila larvae. Thus, there is a pressing need to refine protocols for collecting and measuring the osmolality of the larval haemolymph. Two major obstacles are thought to impede the accurate analysis of haemolymph collected from small insects: melanin formation and gut-derived contamination. Here, we greatly refined existing haemolymph collection methods, evaluated the purity of the collected haemolymph under melanin-free conditions, and concluded that the true value of haemolymph osmolality is close to 306.0 mOsm kg–1 in Drosophila larvae.
Validation of Polar Elixir™ Pulse Oximeter against Arterial Blood Gases during Stepwise Steady-State Inspired Hypoxia
Authors: RUSSELL MONICA K. , HORTON JOHN F. , CLERMONT CHRISTIAN A. , DEMARTY JENNIFER M. , TRANSFIGURACION LEO C. , WOROBETS BREANN R. , PINEDA MARK E. , SANTANIEMI NUUTTI , STERGIOU PRO , ASMUSSEN MICHAEL J. , DAY TREVOR A. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) measurements from Polar Elixir™ pulse oximetry technology compared with arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) measurements during acute stepwise steady-state inspired hypoxia at rest. A post hoc objective was to determine if SpO2 measurements could be improved by recalibrating the Polar Elixir™ algorithm with SaO2 values from a random subset of participants.

Methods
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) protocol (ISO 80601-2-61:2017) for evaluating the SpO2 accuracy of pulse oximeter equipment was followed whereby five plateaus of SaO2 between 70% and 100% were achieved using stepwise reductions in inspired O2 during supine rest. Blood samples drawn through a radial arterial catheter from 25 participants were first used to compare SaO2 with SpO2 measurements from Polar Elixir™. Then the Polar Elixir™ algorithm was recalibrated using SaO2 data from 13 random participants, and SpO2 estimates were recalculated for the other 12 participants. For SaO2 values between 70% and 100%, root mean square error, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Pearson correlations, and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the accuracy, agreement, and strength of relationship between SaO2 values and SpO2 values from Polar Elixir™.

Results
The initial root mean square error for Polar Elixir™ was 4.13%. After recalibrating the algorithm, the RMSE was improved to 2.67%. The ICC revealed excellent levels of agreement between SaO2 and Polar Elixir™ SpO2 values both before (ICC(1,3) = 0.837, df = 574, P < 0.001) and after (ICC(1,3) = 0.942, df = 287, P < 0.001) recalibration.

Conclusions
Relative to ISO standards, Polar Elixir™ yielded accurate SpO2 measurements during stepwise inspired hypoxia at rest when compared with SaO2 values, which were improved by recalibrating the algorithm using a subset of the SaO2 data.
Group Size and Its Impact on Diversity-Related Perceptions and Hiring Decisions in Homogeneous Groups
Authors: Rai Aneesh , Chang Edward H. , Kirgios Erika L. , Milkman Katherine L. 
Published: April 2024

Why do some homogeneous groups face backlash for lacking diversity, whereas others escape censure? We show that a homogeneous group’s size changes how it is perceived and whether decision makers pursue greater diversity in its ranks. We theorize that people make different inferences about larger groups than smaller ones—with consequences for diversity management—due to Bayesian reasoning. This can produce sensitivity to a lack of diversity in large groups and limited sensitivity to a lack of diversity in small groups. Because each group member represents the outcome of a hiring decision, larger homogeneous groups signal a diversity problem more strongly than smaller homogeneous groups. Across three preregistered experiments (n = 4,283), we show that decision makers are more likely to diversify larger homogeneous groups than smaller ones and view larger homogeneous groups as (i) more likely to have resulted from an unfair selection process; (ii) less diverse; (iii) more likely to face diversity-related impression management concerns; and (iv) less open to the influence of newly added underrepresented members. Further, (i)–(iii) mediate the relationship between homogeneous group size and decisions to diversify. We extend our findings to S&P 1500 corporate boards, showing that larger homogeneous boards are more likely to add women or racial minorities as directors. Larger homogeneous boards are also rarer than expected, whereas smaller homogeneous boards are surprisingly abundant. This suggests that decision makers neglect homogeneity in smaller groups, while investing extra effort toward diversifying larger homogeneous groups. Our findings highlight how group size shapes diversity-related perceptions and decisions and identify mechanisms that kickstart diversification efforts. Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.14705 .