bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faith in, with and under Gordon Brown: A Scottish Presbyterian/Calvinist Reflection
Authors: Gay Doug 
Published: December 2007

AbstractProfiles of the UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown repeatedly characterize him by means of the terms 'Presbyterian' and 'Calvinist'. This article explores the cultural and theological background to how such terms are habitually used within the British media and offers a critical reflection, based on Brown's speeches, as to how religious terms, themes and identifications are in play in his public and political discourse. It identifies two dominant themes in Brown's recent public discourse: 'narrating Britishness' and 'the moral sense'. In reflection on these, the article suggests that Brown is intellectually estranged from Calvinist and Presbyterian theological traditions, defining his faith as 'a private matter' and rooting his moral sense in the traditions of the British and Scottish Enlightenments.
Reflections on How and Why We Go Public
Authors: Stackhouse Max 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWhereas many think of public theology as it addresses public policy directly, this article seeks to chart the major non-political, indirect ways in which religions go public and thereby influence the common life and civil society. In addition to sketching out how religions generally shape their cultural and civilizational ethos, and thus personal character and social polity, it identifies how Christianity does so in distinctive directions and why it does so in comparison and contrast with other great traditions. Finally, it offers a set of suggestions as to why, for all its failures and blunders, a Christian public theology engenders a distinctive ethic which is good for humanity.
Public Theology—a Latin Captivity of the Church: Violence and Public Theology in the Asia-Pacific Context
Authors: Haire James 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article looks at public theology from the perspective of the Asia-Pacific context. Thus, the focus is on theology from the standpoint of Christianity as a minority faith, seeking to do theology in a world outside that of the western church. The article considers the activity of public theology through the engagement of theology with a world of violence. It begins by looking at violence and the transformed communities of peace in the New Testament, through examining the milieu of violence, the transformed communities of peace and the dynamics which created those transformed communities. It then goes on to observe the dynamics of peace and violence in the intercultural history of Christianity, by looking historically at cyclic culture and word culture and the interaction between the two, particularly as they relate to peace and violence. From this, the article draws out conclusions on the Christian experience of peace and violence in relation to cultures, and looks at how Christians are called to engage in public theology in such a world.
Databases as policy instruments. About extending networks as evidence-based policy
Authors: de Bont Antoinette , Stoevelaar Herman , Bal Roland 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundThis article seeks to identify the role of databases in health policy. Access to information and communication technologies has changed traditional relationships between the state and professionals, creating new systems of surveillance and control. As a result, databases may have a profound effect on controlling clinical practice.MethodsWe conducted three case studies to reconstruct the development and use of databases as policy instruments. Each database was intended to be employed to control the use of one particular pharmaceutical in the Netherlands (growth hormone, antiretroviral drugs for HIV and Taxol, respectively). We studied the archives of the Dutch Health Insurance Board, conducted in-depth interviews with key informants and organized two focus groups, all focused on the use of databases both in policy circles and in clinical practice.ResultsOur results demonstrate that policy makers hardly used the databases, neither for cost control nor for quality assurance. Further analysis revealed that these databases facilitated self-regulation and quality assurance by (national) bodies of professionals, resulting in restrictive prescription behavior amongst physicians.ConclusionThe databases fulfill control functions that were formerly located within the policy realm. The databases facilitate collaboration between policy makers and physicians, since they enable quality assurance by professionals. Delegating regulatory authority downwards into a network of physicians who control the use of pharmaceuticals seems to be a good alternative for centralized control on the basis of monitoring data.
Clinical effectiveness of usual care with or without antidepressant medication for primary care patients with minor or mild-major depression: a randomized equivalence trial
Authors: Hermens Marleen LM , van Hout Hein PJ , Terluin Berend , Adèr Herman J , Penninx Brenda WJH , van Marwijk Harm WJ , Bosmans Judith E , van Dyck Richard , de Haan Marten 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Background
Minor and mild-major depression are highly prevalent in primary care. There is insufficient evidence for the effectiveness of antidepressants in the treatment of minor and mild-major depression. We compared the effectiveness of usual primary care treatment, with or without antidepressants, in minor and mild-major depression.

Methods
A pragmatic patient-randomized equivalence trial with 52 weeks follow-up was conducted in The Netherlands. In total, 59 primary care physicians (PCPs) recruited and treated 181 adult patients with minor or mild-major depression. Patients were randomized to four consultations within 3 months of usual care plus antidepressants (UCandAD) or usual care alone (UCnoAD). The Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used to assess changes in severity of depressive symptoms. The predefined equivalence margin was set at five points. Multilevel analysis was used to analyze the data. Secondary outcome measures were the Short-Form 36 (SF-36), and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8).

Results
Patients received on average 3.0 (SD 1.4) 15-min consultations within 3 months with (n = 85) or without paroxetine (n = 96). Equivalence of UCandAD and UCnoAD was demonstrated in the intention-to-treat analyses as well as the per-protocol analysis after 6 weeks, but not at 13, 26 and 52 weeks follow-up. No statistical differences in effectiveness between treatment groups were found in the intention-to-treat analysis. No differences in the physical and mental functioning (SF-36) were found between the treatment groups. Patients allocated to UCandAD were slightly more satisfied with their treatment at 13 weeks follow-up (but not at 52 weeks follow-up) than patients allocated to UCnoAD. Preliminary analyses suggested that subgroups such as patients with mild-major (instead of a minor) depression might benefit from antidepressant treatment. Patients who were assigned to their preferred treatment (in particular to UCnoAD) were more often compliant and had better clinical outcomes.

Conclusion
UCandAD was as effective as UCnoAD over the first 6 weeks, but not at 13, 26, and 52 weeks. However, superiority of either treatment could not be demonstrated either. The question whether antidepressants add any clinical effect to usual care remains unresolved. We recommend future studies to look for subgroups of patients who may benefit from antidepressants.

Trial registration
Dutch Trial Registry ISRCN03007807.
Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in a large population-based case-control study of Caucasian and African-American women
Authors: Trabert Britton , Malone Kathleen E , Daling Janet R , Doody David R , Bernstein Leslie , Ursin Giske , Marchbanks Polly A , Strom Brian L , Humphrey Mariela C , Ostrander Elaine A 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Introduction
The involvement of vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is a key mediator in the vitamin D pathway, in breast cancer etiology has long been of interest.

Methods
We examined the association between polymorphisms in the 3' end of the VDR gene, specifically BsmI and Poly(A), and breast cancer risk within a large, population-based, case-control study of breast cancer. Cases (n = 1,631) were Caucasian and African-American women, aged 35 to 64 years, who were diagnosed with incident, invasive breast cancer between July 1994 and April 1998. Control individuals (n = 1,435) were women without breast cancer ascertained through random digit dialing.

Results
Accounting for age, study site, and sampling weights, we observed a significantly increased risk for breast cancer among Caucasian, postmenopausal carriers of the bb genotype of BsmI (odds ratio = 1.53, 95% confidence interval = 1.04 to 2.27). However, no associations with the bb genotype were observed in African-American women. Overall, there were no significant associations between the Poly(A) genotype and breast cancer risk in either racial group. Smoking status (ever/never) modified the association between both the BsmI and Poly(A) genotypes and breast cancer risk. The respective associations between these genotypes and breast cancer risk did not significantly vary by oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, or body mass index.

Conclusion
Our results provide additional support for an increased risk for breast cancer in postmenopausal Caucasian women with the BsmI bb genotype and shed light on possible differential effects by menopausal status and race.
Functions of C2D macrophage cells after adoptive transfer
Authors: Potts Betsey E , Chapes Stephen K 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMacrophage function depends on their in situ location. To test this hypothesis, we examined functional changes of the C2D macrophage cell line after adoptive transfer. In vitro, C2D macrophages reside early in the macrophage lineage and show little functional activity. After in vivo i.p. culture, C2D macrophage cells switch their cytokine/chemokine profile from primarily Th2 cytokines produced in vitro to a Th1 profile including MIP-1α, IL-6, and TNF-α. The in vivo environment also caused C2D macrophage cells to become more phagocytic than their in vitro counterparts. These data indicate that C2D macrophage cells exhibit distinct functions because of in vivo signals that are absent during in vitro culture.
Intravascular inactivation of CCR5 byn-Nonanoyl-CC chemokine ligand 14 and inhibition of allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Gupta Shipra , Fuchs Barbara , Schulz-Maronde Sandra , Heitland Aleksandra , Escher Sylvia E , Mack Matthias , Tillmann Hanns-Christian , Braun Armin , Forssmann Wolf-Georg , Elsner Jörn , Forssmann Ulf 
Published: December 2007

AbstractModulation of leukocyte recruitment through intervention with chemokine receptors is an attractive, therapeutic strategy. Recently, we have shown that n-Nonanoyl (NNY)-CCL14 internalizes and desensitizes human (h)CCR3, resulting in the inactivation of eosinophils. In this study, we investigated the interaction of NNY-CCL14 with CCR1 and CCR5 and the relevance of these NNY-CCL14 receptors on its in vivo effects in allergic airway inflammation. NNY-CCL14 has inactivating properties on CCR1+ and CCR5+ cell lines and primary leukocytes. It desensitizes hCCR1- and hCCR5-mediated calcium release and internalizes these receptors from the cellular surface. Treatment of OVA-sensitized BALB/c mice with NNY-CCL14 resulted in reduced pulmonary inflammation. Above all, it is demonstrated that systemic treatment with NNY-CCL14 down-modulates CCR5 from the surface of lymphocytes in vivo. Although NNY-CCL14 acts on murine lymphocytes and internalizes CCR5, it does not internalize CCR3 on mouse eosinophils, showing species selectivity regarding this particular receptor. Therefore, the inhibitory effects of NNY-CCL14 in murine models of allergic airway inflammation can be assigned to its interaction with CCR5. The presented results substantiate the relevance of CCR5 as a target for allergic airway inflammation.
Hope and Prognostic Disclosure
Authors: Mack Jennifer W. , Wolfe Joanne , Cook E. Francis , Grier Holcombe E. , Cleary Paul D. , Weeks Jane C. 
Published: December 2007

Purpose Physicians sometimes selectively convey prognostic information to support patients’ hopes. However, the relationship between prognostic disclosure and hope is not known. Patients and Methods We surveyed 194 parents of children with cancer (overall response rate, 70%) in their first year of treatment at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital (Boston, MA), and we surveyed the children's physicians. We evaluated relationships between parental recall of prognostic disclosure by the physician and possible outcomes, including hope, trust, and emotional distress. Our main outcome was assessed by asking parents how often the way the child's oncologist communicated with them about the children's cancers made them feel hopeful. Results Nearly half of parents reported that physician communication always made them feel hopeful. Parents who reported receiving a greater number of elements of prognostic disclosure were more likely to report communication-related hope (odds ratio [OR], 1.77 per element of disclosure; P = .001), even when the likelihood of a cure was low (OR, 5.98 per element of disclosure with likelihood of a cure < 25%; P = .03). In a multivariable model, parents were more likely to report that physician communication always made them feel hopeful when they also reported receipt of more elements of prognostic disclosure (OR, 1.60; P = .03) and high-quality communication (OR, 6.58; P < .0001). Communication-related hope was inversely associated with the child's likelihood of cure (OR, 0.65; P = .005). Conclusion Although physicians sometimes limit prognostic information to preserve hope, we found no evidence that prognostic disclosure makes parents less hopeful. Instead, disclosure of prognosis by the physician can support hope, even when the prognosis is poor.
Phosphorylation-Dependent Sumoylation Regulates Estrogen-Related Receptor-α and -γ Transcriptional Activity through a Synergy Control Motif
Authors: Tremblay Annie M. , Wilson Brian J. , Yang Xiang-Jiao , Giguère Vincent 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Interplay between different posttranslational modifications of transcription factors is an important mechanism to achieve an integrated regulation of gene expression. For the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) α and γ, regulation by posttranslational modifications is still poorly documented. Here we show that transcriptional repression associated with the ERR amino-terminal domains is mediated through sumoylation at a conserved phospho-sumoyl switch, ψKxEPxSP, that exists within a larger synergy control motif. Arginine substitution of the sumoylatable lysine residue or alanine substitution of a nearby phosphorylatable serine residue (serine 19 in ERRα) increased the transcriptional activity of both ERRα and -γ. In addition, phospho-mimetic substitution of the serine residue with aspartate restored the sumoylation and transcriptional repression activity. The increased transcriptional activity of the sumoylation-deficient mutants was more pronounced in the presence of multiple adjacent ERR response elements. We also identified protein inhibitor of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription y as an interacting partner and a small ubiquitin-related modifier E3 ligase for ERRα. Importantly, analysis with a phospho-specific antibody revealed that sumoylation of ERRα in mouse liver requires phosphorylation of serine 19. Taken together, these results show that the interplay of phosphorylation and sumoylation in the amino-terminal domain provides an additional mechanism to regulate the transcriptional activity of ERRα and -γ.
Waiting Lists and the Demand for Public Housing
Authors: Gregory Peter 
Published: December 2007

Although local authorities in Britain set great store by ‘housing lists’ it is well known that these lists are inadequate in many ways, and they only provide a very imperfect measure of housing need. For instance housing lists may exaggerate the real demand for public housing because they will include some people who have no immediate desire for accommodation – and indeed some with no real intention of ever occupying council property, but who are merely using the list as an ‘insurance policy’. This is particularly likely to occur in a city like Hull which maintains an ‘open’ list that is one to which entry is not restricted by income, existing tenure, residence or other limitations.
Also, housing lists may underestimate the needs of some even though the needs of others are inflated. Clearly those local authorities who refuse places on the list to single people below retirement age, working couples without children, and owner-occupiers may be excluding many with genuine housing needs. Even local authorities like Hull with open lists must assess which proportion of the people in need do actually apply for council accommodation.
Can You Cut a Budget Pie?
Authors: Clark Terry Nichols 
Published: December 2007

How assess a study which shows, for example, that city police expenditures increased and fire expenditures were held constant? Or how respond to a public official who asks how better to allocate a budget? Can we systematize, at least partially, such elusive concepts as the ‘quality of life’? Consultants may comment, with varying success, from personal experience and ideology. Others may undertake cost-benefit analyses. This paper considers procedures which can bring more sophistication to traditional cost-benefit work. A first step is adequate conceptualization of public policy outputs. One basic dimension is who benefits?
To answer who benefits from public policy one can analyze correspondence between a policy and the value configurations of different social sectors in the affected population. Here we define a sector as benefiting from a policy insofar as the policy is consistent with the sector’s values. Thus the greater the disparity between a policy and a sector’s values, the less the sector benefits. Sectors are defined by whatever criteria (income, political party, etc.) are significant in the social unit in question.
Crucial to answering who benefits, therefore, are precise conceptualization and measurement of values. These issues we consider first.
Elected Representatives in a Party System: A Typology
Authors: Corina Lewis 
Published: December 2007

In the widespread complaints about the prevalence of party influence in local government there is a recognizable stereotyping of local politicians and parties which is a caricature of the complex reality. The purposes of this paper are to question the validity of the stereotypes and to suggest the abandonment of simplistic categories in favour of categories which go some way at least towards recognizing the complex variables which shape the role-playing of elected members.
What follows is based on a ten year period of participant-based research in an urban county borough council. Material from this specific study was supplemented by participant observation in a new county council and by observation-based research in two other boroughs. Participant research is a technique which creates a number of problems, the most formidable being that the researcher is a ‘partisan’ role-player in the ongoing local authority activities. In Halifax (the first-mentioned urban authority) this was not a great problem because the context was influenced by a three-party system in which the ongoing decisionmaking was tripartite and, indeed, occasionally multi-partite.
Social Class, Educational Attainment, and Provision: An LEA Case Study
Authors: King Ronald 
Published: December 2007

Studies of social class differences in educational attainment form the core of what is now being called the orthodox sociology of education in this country. Most of the sociological explanations of the higher rates of middle class success have been variants of a ‘culture clash’ or ‘cultural discontinuity’ theory. This has taken many forms, including the use of the idea of deferred gratification, associated with Schneider and Lysgaard, the Protestant ethic, used by Cohen and Hargreaves, basic value-orientations, as used by Sugarman, and perhaps the most sophisticated version, the sociolinguistic theory of Bemstein. This kind of explanation has been recently criticized by sociologists using a phenomenological approach as representing deficit system thinking; the image of the working class child as lacking the internal social wherewithal to succeed.
In addition, Bryne and Williamson have recently brought into the sociological arena a theory that has quite a long history in the literature of social policy and elsewhere. This is the ‘differential provision theory’, which can be summarized in the following three propositions: a. Working class children have a poorer material provision, b. Educational attainment is positively related to material provision, and c. The social class differences in educational attainment are (partly) explained by the differences in provision.
Eugene Island Block 330 Field-- Development and Production History
Authors: Lewis Ronald L. , Dupuy Harvey J. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Eugene Island Block 330 field is currently the largest oil- producing field in federally owned offshore waters of the U.S. The field is located about 170 miles southwest of New Orleans (Fig. 1). The first leases were purchased in Dec. 1970. Three months later, a major discovery was apparent when exploratory wells drilled by Pennzoil and Shell on adjoining Blocks 330 and 331, respectively, established a 900-ft column of hydrocarbon-bearing sands. By the end of 1971, two platforms had been set, and development was under way. Four more platforms were set during 1972 and ultimately nine platforms were installed in the field. Initial production began in Sept. 1972 from Block 331.
Hydrocarbon accumulation occurs in more than 25 sandstone reservoirs located at 2.200 to 12,000 ft. Recoverable reserves are estimated to be greater than 225 million bbl of liquid hydrocarbons and 950 Bcf of gas. Improved recovery operations began in Aug. 1975, utilizing water injection on Blocks 331 and 314 and through-gas injection in Dec. 1979 on Block 330. Through Dec. 1982, cumulative production was 224 million bbl of liquid and 1.03 Tcf of gas. This production is graphically illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3. This field is unique in the quick timing of operations to develop and initiate production.

Introduction
Eugene Island 330 field consists of portions of seven U.S. government lease blocks of 5,000 acres each as illustrated in Fig. 4. Operators are Exxon (2 blocks). Pennzoil (2 blocks), Shell Oil Co. (1 block), and Texaco Inc. (2 blocks).
Several other operators having, interests jointly with Pennzoil are Exxon Corp., Mesa Petroleum Co., Mobil Corp., Pogo Producing Co.. Texas Production Co. and its subsidiaries, Pinto Inc. and Ecee Inc. Tenneco Inc. has interest jointly with Texaco in Block 338.
This paper discusses the total geological complex and then follows the development and production history of the primary block, Eugene Island Block 330.

Exploration
Early exploration of the Eugene Island Block 330 area followed the Dec. 1970 offshore lease sale. Exploratory drilling began in Feb. 1971. By Oct. 1971, sufficient successful exploratory wells had been drilled to determine locations for five platforms. Subsequent exploratory and development drilling proved the necessity of four more platforms. As shown in Fig. 4, there have been 26 exploratory wells drilled and 9 eight-pile drilling and production platforms and 4 four-pile satellite production platforms set.

Geology
The field is an anticlinal structure on the downthrown side of a large arcuate-trending growth fault.
JPT
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