bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant Remains in Some Coprolites from Utah
Authors: Callen Eric O. , Martin Paul S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe plant content of coprolites from the Glen Canyon region of southern Utah, as determined by phosphate analysis, is compared with the pollen analysis of other pieces of the same coprolites. The authors conclude that the pollen analysis definitely supplements the information obtained from the other source, and the material studied revealed the unsuspected presence of Cleome.
Mammal Remains from Archaeological Sites in the Point of Pines Region, Arizona
Authors: Stein Walter T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA collection of nonhuman, mammalian osteological materials from 12 archaeological sites was examined. The sites range in age from Circle Prairie phase (about A.D. 1) through Point of Pines phase (about A.D. 1450). A total of 3282 individual bones and 29 complete skeltons was identified to genus, and to species whenever possible. An additional 348 bones were identified to the ordinal level only. A comparison of the 26 genera identified from the archaeological material with the mammals known historically from this area shows a striking continuity between past and present. Odocoileus and Antilocapra bones were analyzed for ratio of adults to juveniles, and for the relative numbers of the various members of the skeleton. These analyses were made to gain information on the hunting habits of the prehistoric inhabitants. Bones of a pathological artiodactyl wrist are discussed.
Archaeological Materials from the Chukchi Peninsula
Authors: Dikov N. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEvidence indicates that the interior culture of Chukotka was using bronze implements at the end of the second and beginning of the first millennium B.C. and the population had become somewhat sedentary. The similarity between late Neolithic and early Bronze Age of Chukotka and the pre-Eskimo Arctic cultures of America is apparent; it also is probable that during this period Chukotka formed part of the area of development of the Yukagir and the Chukchi. The first significant archaeological collection from Chukotka, made by N. P. Sokol'nikov in 1904-07, can be divided into two main cultural groupings on the basis of stone-working techniques; the older group, probably from near Ust'-Belaia, is typical of the continental Neolithic of northeast Asia, and the other group appears to be of the “splitting adz culture,” 7th-8th centuries A.D., and probably was found upstream from Markovo. Burials from the Ust'-Belaia cemetery had associated stone artifacts and pottery similar to ones from Yukutia and the Lake Baikal region of the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age; further corroboration of this dating includes associated bronze artifacts and a radiocarbon date of 2860 ± 95 B.P. from another mound in the same cemetery site.
Additional Comments on the Earthworks of Mojos in Northeastern Bolivia
Authors: Denevan William M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn northeastern Bolivia, on savanna lands subject to seasonal inundation, there are many thousands of pre-Spanish earthworks including drained fields, causeways, mounds, canals, and circular ditches. Additional information is presented here on the nature, quantity, distribution, purposes, and antiquity of these only recently described earthworks, along with a brief review of similar features in South America and elsewhere.
An Incised Mochica Knife of Copper
Authors: Collier Donald 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn the Nathan Cummings collection, Chicago, is a copper knife from Peru with an incised design depicting the Mochica-style cat headdress often shown in vase paintings and on modeled figure jars. The knife is similar in form to weapons carried by warriors shown in vase paintings; these weapons are probably knives rather than axes.
Rouletting — A Misnomer
Authors: Peets Orville H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe modern study of the marks of function is tending to correct names that were too easily accepted in the past. Objection is made to the use of the word “rouletting” for the dotted-line decoration on some Indian clay pipes, and it is shown how these dots may be produced with a section of the rim of a clam shell (Venus mercenaria).
Flotation Techniques for the Recovery of Small-Scale Archaeological Remains
Authors: Struever Stuart 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis paper outlines the procedures and equipment necessary for applying a simple flotation technique to recover animal bone, seeds, and other small cultural remains lost in the normal screening of soils from archaeological sites. Soil is initially processed in the field by a water-separation technique. The resulting concentrate is later treated, in the laboratory, by chemical flotation, to separate faunal from plant remains.This simple, inexpensive technique enables processing of soil in quantity, thereby allowing recovery of small plant and animal remains from midden or feature fills where they occur in very low densities.It is argued that, without use of such a flotation procedure, inferences about prehistoric subsistence patterns from faunal and floral remains are sharply biased in favor of larger animals and in favor of hunting, over natural plant food collecting, since conventional screens are not adequate for recovery of most plant remains or small animal bones.
Pollen Analysis of Prehistoric Human Feces: A New Approach to Ethnobotany
Authors: Martin Paul S. , Sharrock Floyd W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPrehistoric human and nonhuman feces from alcoves in the Glen Canyon region of southern Utah are a rich source of pollen and spores. The dominant pollen types (determined in a 200-grain pollen count) vary greatly from sample to sample, making stratigraphic and climatic interpretation very difficult. The record of economic plant pollen appears to reflect the prehistoric Pueblo diet.Cleome, Zea, Cucurbita, andOpuntiaare the most abundant economic pollen types. Long-distance transport of pollen from distant montane forests will account for the presence of occasional pollen grains of spruce, fir, and alder in certain samples. The salvage and study of ancient human feces promises to reveal new information about the environment and diet of prehistoric man in the Southwest, a development of interest to both the ecologist and the ethnobotanist.
Hopewell Figurine Rediscovered
Authors: Dragoo Don W. , Wray Charles F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn exceptionally fine and significant stone figurine of the Ohio Hopewell Culture was found recently among the items in the collection of the late James L. Wright of Rochester, New York. Purchased by Mr. Wright's father in 1882, this figurine was found in one of the mounds of the famous Newark (Ohio) earthworks group in August 1881. The figurine is that of a shaman or priest masked by the head and skin of a bear, the probable totem of his clan or group. The shaman holds in his right hand a human head. The presence of typical Hopewellian earspools on both the shaman and the head indicates the possibility that the shaman is performing one of the rites in the ceremonies concerned with the dead and that the head is that of a fellow clan or group member.
A Seasonal Campsite in the Peruvian Montana: Ethnography and Ecology in Archaeological Interpretation
Authors: Myers Thomas P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe rapid decomposition of organic remains under tropical forest conditions forces the archaeologist to rely entirely upon soil characteristics, indestructible artifacts, and refuse deposition patterns for his cultural interpretations. Such evidence is used to identify a unifunctional turtle harvesting encampment on the lower Aguatia River in eastern Peru.
The Implications of a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy in American Archaeology
Authors: Nickerson Gifford S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe future of American archaeology continues to be threatened by the destruction of sites by pot-hunters. Furthermore, there is no clear indication that relief is in sight, either by way of a reduction of pot-hunting or a concerted attack on the problem by archaeologists. Since a fatalistic attitude toward pot-hunters appears to have been, up to now, a self-fulfilling prophecy, McGimsey"s recent comments on the necessity of influencing public opinion and working for appropriate legislation are seen as both timely and critical for the future of American archaeology.
The University of Michigan Excavations at the Pulcher Site in 1970
Authors: Griffin James B. , Jones Volney H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractExcavations by the University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology in 1950 at the Pulcher site in the American Bottoms south of Cahokia, Illinois, reveal a long occupation from about A.D. 500-1300 which was probably not continuous. The major occupation in terms of area and most of the mounds appear to be Late Woodland. A Stirling-Moorehead occupation is known to have occurred in a limited area. This was followed by a southern intrusion of people burying in stone box graves and a "foreign" ceramic complex.
An On-Campus Alternative to the Archaeological Field School
Authors: Turnbaugh William A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe need to teach archaeological field techniques and the obligation to conserve the resources of the past often involve conflicting priorities. On-site instruction ought to be compatible with the accountability of archaeologists under recent provisions for public archaeology and historic preservation. The author presents a viable tested alternative to the indiscriminate exploitation of archaeological sites for the purpose of student practice in field methodology.
Aboriginal Warfare in the Protohistoric Southeast: An Alternative Perspective
Authors: Gibson Jon L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLarson's hypothesis that southeastern warfare was instituted to increase the agricultural territories of demographically expanding Mississippian groups is not demonstrable for similar protohistoric chiefdoms in the Lower Mississippi Valley. Ethnohistorical data support an alternative perspective of warfare as a principal equilibrium-regulating institution through which cancellation of status deterioration, common in the peculiar ranked social structures of lower valley groups, might have been achieved.
The Significance of Mammalian Faunas From Paleolithic Occupations in Cantabrian Spain
Authors: Freeman L. G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn analysis of 77 collections of mammalian fauna from Paleolithic occupations in Cantabrian Spain reveals a number of possible trends in the adaptations of prehistoric human groups to past regional ecosystems. Throughout the history of occupation of Cantabria, from the Mousterian through the Solutrean, prehistoric man took a greater number of large game animals from forested biotopes, but probably acquired more total meat from fewer but larger prey taken in open country. Regular exploitation of the alpine zone and of dangerous forest creatures (Sus and felidae) begins only with the Aurignacian, when there is some evidence in the form of nocturnal or burrow-dwelling carnivores that self-acting hunting devices (traps, snares, for example) may have been employed. Lower Magdalenian faunas seem to indicate the specialized and intensive exploitation of a single species (red deer), while in the Azilian there is a return to patterns characteristic of the Mousterian-Solutrean periods. Site location seems to reflect exploitative strategy.
Comments on the Pleistocene Age Assignment and Associations of a Human Burial from the Yuha Desert, California: A Rebuttal
Authors: Bischoff James L. , Childers W. Morlin , Shlemon Roy J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractData and observations are presented which refute the contention of Payen et al. (1978) that soil stratigraphy, artifacts, and dating techniques of the Yuha burial preclude a Pleistocene age assignment.
VIII. Congo Belge, Mongo, Basankusu
Authors: Sébastien Bonsange 
Published: April 2006

Les sorciers, c.-à-d. des hommes accoutumés au mal appelé sorcellerie, s'adonnent à cette chose mauvaise. Ce sont des hommes comme nous; certains ne sont qu'une famille avec nous. Certains ont femmes et enfants comme nous.On reconnaît le sorcier à ses yeux perçants. Il ne vous regarde que fixement. Il est très menteur et n'avoue pas même sa faute quand on l'a vu. Il est extrêmement insensible: même quand sa mère meurt, il n'en souffre aucune douleur. Dans la misère et dans la mort le sorcier ne pense qu'aux choses de sa sorcellerie. Les sorciers peuvent être hommes ou femmes. Mais une sorcière est plus puissante en sorcellerie qu'un sorcier. Les sorciers ensorcellent de beaucoup de manières: souvent avec des drogues. Ceux qui ont des drogues en ont des ensorcelantes et des désensorcelantes. Par les ensorcelantes ils tuent les hommes; par les désensorcelantes ils les désensorcellent.
The Political Scientist Decides: An Examination of the 1969 APSA Ballot
Authors: Mueller John E. 
Published: April 2006

I always vote for the man, not the party.–Trad.In its election for offices in 1969, the American Political Science Association, apparently for the first time in its rarely turbulent history, found the nominees of its Official Nominating Committee challenged by an insurgent group. In order to handle this unprecedented situation, it was decided at the annual meeting to carry out the election by mail ballot and the American Arbitration Association was engaged to administer the operation.Ballots were mailed to the 13,061 members of the Association in October, 1969. Accompanying them were materials containing statements of belief and biographies for each of the candidates. The response rate was 64 percent.The ballots carried the contestants indicated in Table 1. For each office the candidates are listed in the Table in the order of their vote result (they were listed in alphabetical order on the ballot) and for each candidate the group endorsements, as they were presented on the ballot, are indicated. Except for the group endorsements, no identifying information accompanied the names of the candidates on the ballots.
Opposition Views on the Proposed New Association Constitution: A Régime D'Assemblée for the APSA?—or: Wildavsky's Iron Law of Oligarchy
Authors: Rustow Dankwart A. 
Published: April 2006

The Association's membership, assembled at Los Angeles last September, acted wisely in giving itself another year to reflect on the need (if any) for total constitutional revision. A new charter had been prepared in two versions, one by a committee headed by Professor Aaron Wildavsky, and the other by the Association's outgoing Council. So engrossed had each of these bodies been in its labors, and perhaps in the minor differences between the resulting documents, that their first publication, in the summer 1970 issue of PS, was delayed until just before the Annual Meeting. Nor was either version, as published, accompanied by any rationale or explanation. All anyone had to go by was the bare text of the two proposed charters—which most of us saw for the first time when we picked it up at the entrance of the ballroom of the Los Angeles Hilton, on the way to the session that was to choose between these two alternatives—or the status quo ante.Professor Wildavsky still has not supplied the missing rationale for the document that he helped to father; and the 1969–70 Council allowed its term to expire without venturing any public justification of its further emendations. Meanwhile, however, two members of the Constitutional Revision Committee, Professors Hawkinson and Rosenblum, claiming “obviously … to speak only for themselves,” have published one modest argument in favor of the Committee's draft (see PS Winter 1971, pp. 6–18). Above all, the membership has now had time to study the two proposed charters and to compare them to the one under which, with gradual historical accretions and deletions, American political scientists have managed to operate for about seventy years. A close reading of the three texts is likely to make a conservative of even the most impetuous of our colleagues.
The Politics of American Political Scientists
Authors: Ladd Everett Carll , Lipset Seymour Martin 
Published: April 2006

At the heart of the debates which have resounded around political science these past few years are charges and countercharges as to the “politics” of the contenders. Terms like conservative, liberal and radical are no longer reserved for analysis of positions in the larger society; they have become part of the regular vocabulary with which political scientists evaluate their colleagues. This increase in visible and self-conscious political dissensus extends, of course, throughout the university, but it has left a special mark on political science and the other social sciences where the issues and objects of political disagreement are so enmeshed with the regular subject matter of the discipline.In spite of all of the discussion, and the now seemingly general recognition that the politics of members of the profession has a lot to do with its development and contributions, we still don't have very much firm information on the distribution of political views among the approximately 6,000 faculty members regularly engaged in the teaching of political science in the United States. There have been a number of studies, of course, of party identification and voting behavior, showing political science to be one of the most Democratic fields in academe.
Reviewing the Reviewers: Ideological Bias in the APSR Book Section
Authors: Parenti Michael 
Published: April 2006

I would like to give attention to that portion of the American Political Science Review which is most read and least criticized, the book review section. My reading of APSR book reviews in recent years leads me to the following observations:Most of the books selected for review adhere to the orthodox ideological values of today's political establishment. More importantly, these books almost invariably are reviewed by political scientists who share the same centrist ideological slant as the authors they are reviewing. In the reviews dealing with international relations, for instance, cold war terms like “totalitarianism”, “Castroism”, “subversion” and “Free World” are employed uncritically. Western capitalist nations are described as having “governments”, while socialist nations are said to have “regimes”, usually identified as being under the tutelage of one personage, hence: “Mao Tse-tung's regime”, and “Fidel Castro's Cuba”. The idea that popular sentiments and democratic in-puts might be part of the governance of countries like Cuba or China is not entertained.
Cumulativeness in the Social Sciences: Some Counter-Prescriptions
Authors: Singer J. David 
Published: April 2006

In every social science, there tends to be a recurrent and cyclical preoccupation with the lack of cumulativeness. Some attribute this to the familiar “absence of theory,” and lay it at the doorstep of “barefooted empiricism.” Others might see the culprit lurking in the conceptual morass that often passes for theory, and would suggest that grand schemata that are not — and usually cannot — be tested will hardly make for greater cumulativeness.There seems to be more than a germ of truth in both of these suspicions, but let me suggest a third possible source of our disappointment. I refer to certain norms and practices found among both the theorizers and the empiricists: those folkways that we pick up in college and graduate school, and are seldom able to shake in the postdoctoral years. On the assumption that an awareness of them and their implications may lead to their gradual extinction, I itemize here a few of what may be our less attractive foibles. While some of them may be peculiar to the field of world politics, most seem to be found all across the discipline.
A Report of the APSA Confidentiality in Social Science Research Data Project
Authors: Carroll James D. , Knerr Charles R. 
Published: April 2006

Does a researcher have a legal right not to reveal the identity of sources or subjects and not to reveal information obtained in confidence in the course of research, when asked to do so by a grand jury or other investigatory body? Should a researcher have such a right? Under what circumstances, if any, does a researcher have an ethical obligation to promise a source of information not to reveal the identity of the source and the content of what is learned? What position should the various social science associations take, if any, on questions of the ethical responsibilities and legal rights of researchers concerning the confidentiality of research sources and information?The above questions, among others, are believed to be of fundamental importance to the social science community. Under the initiative of the American Political Science Association, a research project was conceived to investigate these questions and others, and to recommend alternative solutions. A grant was secured from the Russell-Sage Foundation and co-sponsorship arranged through the Consortium of Social Science Associations, of the various national social science associations, including the American Anthropological Association, the American Economic Association, the American Historical Association, the APSA, the American Psychological Association, the American Sociological Association, the Association of American Law Schools, and the Association of American Geographers. In addition, liaison relationships were established with the American Statistical Association, the American Association for Public Opinion Research, the American Psychiatric Association, and the Oral History Association.
How to Succeed in Political Science by Being Very Trying: A Methodological Sampler
Authors: Sigelman Lee 
Published: April 2006

Daily we are bombarded by advice on how to succeed in political science. We are told what to read—everybody in Philadelphia readsWorld Politics, conclude media watchers Giles and Wright. We are told how to speak—practice phrases like “latent functional isomorphism” and “quasi-longitudinal typology,” concludes politico-linguist Betty Zisk, and success will be ours. We are even told where to dine—Tadich's or Sam's for fish in San Francisco, decrees gastronomical heavyweight Richard Brody.Impeccable reading habits, a finely-honed vocabulary, and proper nutrition notwithstanding, we are in imminent danger of failure as political scientists unless we are able to establish our bona fides as data analysts. This requires that we master some canons of research methodology. Unfortunately, these methodological strictures have yet to be systematically codified. By presenting some basics of proper research methodology, by discussing some more sophisticated techniques (e.g., the Multiplicative N-Extender, the Levitating Measure Raiser), and by cataloguing some even more advanced routines (e.g., the Spontaneous Phytogeny Recapitulator, the Deviant Data Bender), the present exploratory study takes a tentative first step in the direction of a more systematic political science.