bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fraction‐specific populations of the hypervariable region of the hepatitis C virus in a patient with cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Kurosaki Masayuki , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Nouchi Toshihiko , Sakuma Ikuo , Marumo Fumiaki , Sato Chifumi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNucleotide sequences of the hypervariable region (HVR) of the E2/NS1 gene of hepatitis C virus (HCV), which are now thought to contain epitopes for neutralizing antibodies, were compared between antibody‐bound HCV and free HCV in a patient with type II cryoglobulinemia. Antibody‐bound HCV was immunoprecipitated with anti‐human immunoglobulins from serum of the patient. Total RNA was recovered from the pellet and the supernatant, respectively, and the envelope gene containing the HVR was amplified by the reverse transcription and nested polymerase chain reaction. The amplified cDNA was examined by the single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Sequences of bands separated by SSCP analysis were determined by the dideoxy chain termination method. SSCP analyses revealed that the HCV populations were completely different between antibody‐bound HCV and free HCV: antibody‐bound HCV was composed of two bands and free HCV was composed of three bands. These five bands showed different mobility with each other on the SSCP gel. Sequencing of each band revealed distinct HVR sequences, differing in 1–34 nucleotides and 1–15 deduced amino acids. Three sequences of free HCV was similar with each other (1–5 nucleotide and 1–4 amino acid differences). On the other hand, two sequences of antibody‐bound HCV had 5–34 nucleotide and 5–15 amino acid differences with free HCV. Thirteen amino acids in the 5′ half of HVR were completely identical in three sequences of free HCV, whereas there were three and seven amino acid differences in two sequences of antibody‐bound HCV. These findings suggest that isolated specific epitopes for envelope antibodies exist within the HVR. A portion of the circulating virus populations is captured by these HVR antibodies to form immune complexes and cryoprecipitants, while the others with different HVR sequences escape from these antibodies, suggesting that escape mutations in the HVR may be related to the persistence of HCV infection. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serial quantitation of HPV‐16 in the smears of women with mild and moderate dyskaryosis
Authors: Flannelly G. , Jiang G. , Anderson D. , Melvin W. , Mann E. , Kitchener Henry 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of semi‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in cervical smears as an adjunct to cytological surveillance in a cohort of women with mild or moderate dyskaryosis. The study population comprised a group of 62 women who underwent twelve months of cytological and col‐poscopic surveillance as part of a larger randomised prospective study of women with mild and moderate dyskaryosis. Semi‐quantitative PCR for HPV‐16 DNA was carried out on the initial and twelve month study smears before a large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) was carried out. Smears from a control population which comprised 167 women without a history of abnormal cervical cytology who were attending family planning and general practitioner clinics for routine cervical smears were tested similarly.The presence of high or intermediate levels of HPV‐16 DNA on both the initial and twelve month study smear was positively associated with the identification of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades II or III in the LLETZ specimen (P=0.01). While the combination of HPV‐16 DNA testing with cytology on a repeat cervical smear improved the selection of women with underlying CIN II/III, there was still a false negative rate of 53%. Twenty‐nine women had ‘low risk’ levels of HPV‐16 DNA and mild dyskaryosis or less on both repeat smears indicating suitability for surveillance, but in fact 34% of them had CIN II/III.This study supports the finding reported previously of an association between high and intermediate levels of HPV‐16 DNA and CIN II/III. This suggests that semi‐quantitative PCR may be a useful adjunct to cytology for selecting those women with mildly abnormal smears who would benefit most from colposcopy. A significant fluctuation in the levels of HPV‐16 DNA was not detected when repeated smears were studied, suggesting that serial estimations of HPV‐16 levels would add little to cytological examination for the subsequent surveillance of women considered to be at low risk of CIN II/III. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HTLV infection among Italian intravenous drug users and North African subjects detected by the polymerase chain reaction and serological methods
Authors: Colombo Emanuela , Magistrelli Claudio , Mendozzi Eva , Cattaneo Ercole , Achilli Giorgio , Ferrante Pasquale 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSix hundred intravenous drug users (IVDUs) and two hundred North Africans were screened for human T‐cell leukemia virus (HTLV) antibodies using several serological methods. Eighteen of the eighty‐two HTLV‐seropositive individuals were also tested by the polymerase chain reac‐ tion‐DNA enzyme immunoassay (PCR‐DEIA), a non‐isotopic method of immunoenzymatic detection of the amplified DNA. Of these eighteen subjects, eight IVDUs were found to be HTLV‐II‐positive by the PCR‐DEIA, whereas all of the eighteen subjects were negative for HTLV‐I. Western blot (WB) confirmed six of the eight HTLV‐positive subjects, while the results of the remaining two were indeterminate. The results confirmed the PCR‐DEIA as a rapid and an efficient method of discriminating between HTLV‐I and HTLV‐II infection, whereas serological tests, including the WB, have limitations in terms of specificity and sensitivity. Moreover, this study showed a higher frequency of HTLV seroreactivity in the Italian IVDU population than in previous studies and confirmed that HTLV‐II is more frequent than HTLV‐I in this population. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect genomes of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus in post‐mortem tissues
Authors: Webster A. , McLaughlin J. E. , Johnson M. A. , Emery V. C. , Griffiths P. D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a 149 base‐pair region of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) genome and a 551 base‐pair region of the HIV‐1 proviral long terminal repeat (LTR) present in DNA extracted from post‐mor‐tem tissue. Multiple tissues (n=116) obtained from 16 patients which were subjected to PCR were also subjected to cell culture and histo‐pathological analyses. One hundred and seven samples (92%) contained CMV DNA and 66/116 (57%) contained HIV proviral DNA at a level of ≥10 genomes. Both viruses were detected in 60/116 (51.7%) of samples, with co‐infection most frequent in the lung (69%). Cell culture for CMV detected 9.3% of the PCR‐positive samples, whilst histology identified CMV inclusions in 15.9% of samples, all of which were CMV PCR‐positive. CMV was most frequently detected in adrenal and lung tissues by histology. These results show that co‐infection with CMV and HIV is a common occurrence in organs from AIDS patients and provide further evidence for a role of cytomegalovirus in the pathogenesis of AIDS. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human herpesvirus type 7 in blood donors: Detection by the polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Wilborn F. , Schmidt C. A. , Lorenz F. , Peng R. , Gelderblom H. , Huhn D. , Siegert Wolfgang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn order to evaluate the prevalence of human herpesvirus type 7 (HHV‐7) in adult blood donors oral lavage fluid, bum coat, and uring samples from 112 persons were examined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at one time point. In addition, 11 donors were studied longitudinally over 11 weeks. When the results of the initial and the longitudinal study were combined HHV‐7 DNA was found in samples from 109 of 112 (97.3%) adult blood donors. On the basis of different sensitivity levels of the first and the nested PCR differences were detected in the viral DNA load in the samples. It was found that lavage fluid regularly carried significantly higher DNA concentrations than buffy coat. Out of 112 donors, 102 (91.1%) and 8 (7.1%) were positive in the first, less sensitive PCR in lavage fluid and buffy coat, respectively (P<.0001). After nested PCR, 107 (95.5%) and 74 (66.1%) were positive in lavage fluid and buffy coat, respectively (P<.0001). Urine samples were found positive only sporadically. The longitudinal study showed that the oral lavage fluid of most of the donors consistently carried HHV‐7 over up to 53 weeks, whereas buffy coat samples were positive less often. In conclusion, HHV‐7 is found frequently in adult blood donors in the oral lavage fluid and buffy coat, which are, therefore, potential sources of HHV‐7 transmission. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum anti‐p24 antibody concentration has a predictive value on the decrease of CD4 lymphocyte count higher than acid‐dissociated p24 antigen
Authors: Morand‐Joubert L. , Bludau H. , Lerable J. , Petit J. C. , Lefrère J. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied the prognostic value on the decrease of CD4 lymphocyte count of anti‐p24 antibody (ab) titer and compared this value with that of polyclonal and monoclonal p24 (ag) titer before and after immune complex dissociation (ICD); 53 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients having CD4+ counts above 400/mm3 when first examined were followed up over a 3‐year period including at least four visits; HIV disease progressors (n=18) were defined as having CD4+ counts below 200/mm3 and non‐progressors (n=35) as having CD4+ counts still above 400/mm3 at the end of follow‐up. Sera were collected at each visit and assayed for p24 ag with and without ICD and for anti‐p24 ab titer. The mean anti‐p24 ab titer of progressors and of non‐progressors at entry was significantly different. A threshold of anti‐p24 ab titer indicating a HIV progression was determined at 1/300. The proportion of individuals with an anti‐p24 ab titer lower than 1/300 at least once during the study period was 34% in non‐progressors and 94% in progressors. The difference between progressors and non‐progressors at entry was significant with monoclonal p24 ag without ICD and more significant with monoclonal p24 ag after ICD. The marker having the highest predictive value was the anti‐p24 ab titer, then monoclonal p24 ag with ICD, then polyclonal p24 ag with ICD. Anti‐p24 ab is an earlier and stronger marker of the decrease of CD4 lymphocyte count than p24 ag even after ICD. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of subgroup‐specific peptides of the G protein of respiratory syncytial virus for characterization of the immune response
Authors: Åkerlind‐Stopner B. , Utter G. , Norrby E. , Mufson M. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo synthetic peptides, designated peptides 12G(A) and 12G(B), representing amino acids 174–188 of the G glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subgroup A (strain A2) and subgroup B (strain CH18537) were evaluated for their properties as subgroup‐specific antigens for enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). These peptides were used to characterize the immune response of children with naturally occurring RSV infection during six annual epidemics in the Huntington area, West Virginia, USA; viz. 1978–1979, 1979–1980, 198G1981, 1983–1984, 1989–1990, and 1990–1991.The study group comprised 43 paired sera from 42 infants and children, who ranged in age between 1 month and 5.5 years of age (median age 16 months). The inclusion criteria were subgroup identification of RSV, respiratory tract illness requiring admission to hospital, and the availability of paired sera.Five of 30 children with subgroup A and 3 of 13 children with subgroup B infections developed homologous or dual fourfold or greater antibody responses to peptides 12G(A) and 12G(B) during convalescence; six of these eight children also developed antibody rises to whole virus antigens. Twenty children (14 subgroup A and 6 subgroup B) developed such responses in antibody only to whole virus (not to the peptides), and 15 children (11 subgroup A and 4 subgroup B) failed to develop a rise in antibody. Children who developed rises in antibody to the peptides were usually less than 9 months of age, suggesting that a response to peptides was more likely to occur during primary infection. Peptides 12G(A) and 12G(B) of RSV G protein lacked sufficient sensitivity and specificity to serve as antigens for ELISA for characterizing the subgroup‐specific immune responses to RSV infection in infants and children. © 1995 WiIey‐Liss, Inc.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection of xenografted SCID‐beige mice
Authors: McBride B. W. , Easterbrook L. M. , Farrar G. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe application of C.B‐17 SCID‐Beige mice as an experimental animal system for the acceptance of human leukocyte xenografts, the establishment of functional human immune responses and infection with HIV has been assessed. Reconstitution efficiencies approaching 100% could be obtained by using 2 × l07 human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Typical levels of human immunoglobulin in mouse blood reached 120 kg/ml within 2 weeks of reconstitution rising to a maximum in excess of 3 mg/ml by 5 weeks. lmmunohistological examination of lung, spleen, lymph node and thymus tissue, derived from reconstituted mice, with human leukocyte specific monoclonal antibodies revealed the presence of human macrophages (CD68+), T cells (CD43+) and B cells (CD20+). The establishment of a functional immune system was demonstrated by the ability of reconstituted mice to respond to immunisation with KLH. Finally, reconstituted Hu‐PBL‐SCID‐Beige mice were susceptible to infection with HIV‐1 by intra‐peritoneal injection. These results indicate that SCID‐Beige mice are a valuable tool for the generation of human/mouse chimeras and for the establishment of an in vivo HIV infection model. The results are compared with other similar model systems and are discussed in the context of animal models for HIV vaccine studies. © 1995 WiIey‐Liss, Inc.
T‐helper reactivity to simian immunodeficiency virus gag synthetic peptides in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infected individuals
Authors: Pinto Ligia A. , Covas M. Joao , Victorino Rui M. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWest African populations are infected with divergent strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV21, some of which are closely related to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and it has been postulated that the HIV2 epidemic might have arisen by cross‐species spread of SIV into the human population in West Africa. To gain some insight into the possible basis for cross protection between these two closely related viruses, the T‐helper responses to 15 synthetic peptides from SIV gag synthetic peptides were investigated in seven HIV2‐infected subjects and in seven healthy controls. Significant reactivity to at least one of the synthetic peptides tested was found in all patients and a statistically significant correlation between CD4+ lymphocyte absolute numbers and the number of reacting peptides was observed. A marginal lymphocyte reactivity was found in two of the healthy controls studied. In conclusion, this preliminary evidence that HIV2‐infected patients exhibit T‐cell responses to SIV gag peptides suggests that both viruses share t‐helper epitopes in the gag viral region and raises the possibility of cross protection between SIV and HIV2 which may be relevant for HIV2 vaccine research based on closely related retroviruses. © 1995 WiIey‐Liss, Inc.
Adenovirus mixture isolated from the brain of an AIDS patient with encephalitis
Authors: Schnurr David , Bollen Andrew , Crawford‐Miksza Leta , Dondero Marge E. , Yagi Shigeo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA mixture of adenoviruses 31 and 49 was isolated from the brain of an AIDS patient with encephalitis. Adenovirus hexon protein was detected in neurons by indirect immunoflourescence. By restriction endonuclease analysis both adenovirus 31 and 49 were shown to be new genotypes. This is the first report of the isolation of a mixture of adenoviruses from adenovirus encephalitis and the first association of adenovirus 49, a new candidate serotype, with encephalitis. © 1995 WiIey‐Liss, Inc.
Deletion in the L1 open reading frame of human papillomavirus type 6a genomes associated with recurrent laryngeal papilloma
Authors: Suzuki Toshiyuki , Tomita Yoshimi , Nakano Koichi , Shirasawa Hiroshi , Simizu Bunsiti 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) type 6a genomes with a large deletion in their L1 open reading frames (ORF) were found in two of five recurrent cases of laryngeal papilloma. One of these mutant HPVs had a 186 base pair (bp) deletion near the N‐terminus end of the L1 ORF, which encodes a major capsid protein. The other had a 454 bp deletion at the C‐terminus end of L1 at which is located a nuclear localising signal (NLS). No other large deletion or insertion was found in the remaining regions of all five HPV6a genomes. The laryngeal papillomas which harboured the mutant viruses showed typical hyperplasia and pathological changes as observed in tumours induced by the wild‐type virus. The biological significance of the two large deletions in the late region of HPV6a associated with laryngeal papilloma is discussed. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short‐term stability of HIV provirus levels in the peripheral blood of HIV‐infected individuals
Authors: Paul David B. , Kuhns Mary C. , McNamara Anne L. , Pottage John C. , Spear Gregory T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChanges in viral load have been reported to reflect disease progression or response to therapy; however, the stability of HIV DNA levels in HIV infected individuals has not been extensively studied. Cellular HIV DNA levels in infected individuals were evaluated over a short time period to determine degree of variability as well as any correlation with other measurements of virus load or immune status. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained several times over 1 month from 32 asymptomatic or symptomatic non‐AIDS, HIV‐infected individuals currently on AZT therapy. PCR amplification of the HIV gag region was performed with DNA from PBMC lysates and the PCR amplified products quantitated by liquid phase hybridization. HIV DNA levels in the majority of the patients were relatively stable, with 26 of 32 persons having less than threefold change. Changes over the study period were both positive and negative, and the median change in HIV DNA levels was 68.6%. These changes were found to positively correlate with fluctuations in plasma p24 levels. In contrast, no correlations were found with other measurements of immune system activity, including changes in CD4 number, CD4 percent, and p, ‐microglobulin when compared with provirus changes. This study shows that levels of HIV DNA can be relatively stable over short periods in most non‐AIDS, HIV‐infected persons. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
I. hepatitis E virus (87A strain) propagated in A549 cells
Authors: Huang Rutong , Nakazono Naoki , Ishii Keizo , Li Derong , Kawamata Osamu , Kawaguchi Ryuji , Tsukada Yutaka 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA strain of hepatitis E virus (HEV), the 87A strain isolated in 2BS cells from the feces of a patient with hepatitis E, has been reported previously. In this study, the 87A strain was propagated in A549 cells, and the marked cytopathic effect (CPE) appeared in the infected monolayer cells. The size of this virus is about 30 nm in diameter. Furthermore, HEV‐RNAfrom the supernatants of the virus of different passages was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using ET1 .1 HEV primers. A band of HEV for 239 bp from PCR products was revealed by electro‐phoresis. PCR products of the fourth passage were sequenced. These results show that the 87A virus replicates in the A549 cell line. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
II. Existing variations on the gene structure of hepatitis E virus strains from some regions of China
Authors: Huang Rutong , Nakazono Naoki , Ishii Keizo , Kawamata Osamu , Kawaguchi Ryuji , Tsukada Yutaka 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe isolation and identification of the 87A strain of hepatitis E virus (HEV) by means of cell culture have been described previously. This paper reports the nucleotide sequence of a portion of this HEV strain. The RNA extracted from the supernatants of the different passages of the 87A strain cultured in the A549 cell line was reverse‐transcribed (RT) to cDNA, and then the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was carried out using the primers of HEV ET1.l region. The PCR products from 1) the supernatant of the infected cells at the fourth passage, 2) the virus concentrated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation at the tenth passage, and 3) the virus purified by a sucrose gradient at the tenth pas sage were sequenced. In addition, three other PCR products obtained from sera of acute hepa titis E patients in Beijing (B‐9) and Guangzhou (G‐9 and G‐20) were also sequenced. The nucle otide sequences of the above four strains of HEV (located in the genome from positions 4545–4754) were compared to those of some reported HEV strains. The nucleotide sequences of the B‐9 strain and the 87A strain were similar to the Burmese strain and may belong to the same branch of HEV. The nucleotide sequences of the G‐9 strain and the G‐20 strain were a novel and unique branch. The Chinese HEV strains are multiplex and variable in gene structure. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human herpesvirus‐6 DNA in the saliva of paediatric oncology patients and controls
Authors: Lyall E. G. H. , Cubie H. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChildren with malignancy are immunosup‐pressed and susceptible to serious infections with herpesviruses. The majority of children on chemotherapy for malignancy are seropositive for human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6), and although HHV‐6 has been demonstrated to be a pathogen in severely immunocompromised patients, whether this is the case for paediatric oncology patients is unknown.HHV‐6 is secreted in saliva and in this study samples were examined prospectively for HHV‐6 DNA in healthy children and those with malignancy. In a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a 287 bp outer fragment and 163 inner fragment of HHV‐6 DNA were amplified. The resulting amplimer contained a Hind III restriction site present only in “B” type HHV‐6 and this was used to identify the type of HHV‐6 amplified. In saliva from healthy control children, 74% (28/38) of samples were HHV‐6 DNA‐positive in either the supernate, pellet or both. In the patients, 58% (45/77) of all samples were HHV‐6 DNA‐positive. When sequential samples from twelve patients were examined the children appeared to fall into two groups: those who were frequently HHV‐6 DNA‐positive (60% of samples or more) and those who were rarely HHV‐6 DNA‐positive (33% of samples or less) (P < 0.0001). The only apparent difference between these two groups was that the less frequently HHV‐6‐positive group was more often febrile and unwell with neutro‐paenia. Hind III digestion demonstrated all the positive samples to be “6” type HHV‐6. Possible explanations for this difference in HHV‐6 secretion between the patient groups are discussed. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.