bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in multifunctional dendrimer‐based complexes for cancer treatment
Authors: Shcharbin Dzmitry , Zhogla Viktoria , Abashkin Viktar , Gao Yue , Majoral Jean‐Pierre , Mignani Serge , Shen Mingwu , Bryszewska Maria , Shi Xiangyang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe application of nanotechnology in biological and medical fields have resulted in the creation of new devices, supramolecular systems, structures, complexes, and composites. Dendrimers are relatively new nanotechnological polymers with unique features; they are globular in shape, with a topological structure formed by monomeric subunit branches diverging to the sides from the central nucleus. This review analyzes the main features of dendrimers and their applications in biology and medicine regarding cancer treatment. Dendrimers have applications that include drug and gene carriers, antioxidant agents, imaging agents, and adjuvants, but importantly, dendrimers can create complex nanosized constructions that combine features such as drug/gene carriers and imaging agents. Dendrimer‐based nanosystems include different metals that enhance oxidative stress, polyethylene glycol to provide biosafety, an imaging agent (a fluorescent, radioactive, magnetic resonance imaging probe), a drug or/and nucleic acid that provides a single or dual action on cells or tissues. One of major benefit of dendrimers is their easy release from the body (in contrast to metal nanoparticles, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes), allowing the creation of biosafe constructions. Some dendrimers are already clinically approved and are being used as drugs, but many nanocomplexes are currently being studied for clinical practice. In summary, dendrimers are very useful tool in the creation of complex nanoconstructions for personalized nanomedicine.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
The protein‐only RNase Ps, endonucleases that cleave pre‐tRNA: Biological relevance, molecular architectures, substrate recognition and specificity, and protein interactomes
Authors: Wilhelm Catherine A. , Kaitany Kipchumba , Kelly Abigail , Yacoub Matthew , Koutmos Markos 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProtein‐only RNase P (PRORP) is an essential enzyme responsible for the 5′ maturation of precursor tRNAs (pre‐tRNAs). PRORPs are classified into three categories with unique molecular architectures, although all three classes of PRORPs share a mechanism and have similar active sites. Single subunit PRORPs, like those found in plants, have multiple isoforms with different localizations, substrate specificities, and temperature sensitivities. Most recently, Arabidopsis thaliana PRORP2 was shown to interact with TRM1A and B, highlighting a new potential role between these enzymes. Work with At PRORPs led to the development of a ribonuclease that is being used to protect against plant viruses. The mitochondrial RNase P complex, found in metazoans, consists of PRORP, TRMT10C, and SDR5C1, and has also been shown to have substrate specificity, although the cause is unknown. Mutations in mitochondrial tRNA and mitochondrial RNase P have been linked to human disease, highlighting the need to continue understanding this complex. The last class of PRORPs, homologs of Aquifex RNase P (HARPs), is found in thermophilic archaea and bacteria. This most recently discovered type of PRORP forms a large homo‐oligomer complex. Although numerous structures of HARPs have been published, it is still unclear how HARPs bind pre‐tRNAs and in what ratio. There is also little investigation into the substrate specificity and ideal conditions for HARPs. Moving forward, further work is required to fully characterize each of the three classes of PRORP, the pre‐tRNA binding recognition mechanism, the rules of substrate specificity, and how these three distinct classes of PRORP evolved.This article is categorized under:
RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry
RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
Compassionate noticing and stopping the action: Bringing intentionally emergent teaching into leadership education
Authors: Widner Tara , Werner Linnette 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEmergent‐based practices of leadership development (such as intentional emergence (IE), case‐in‐point, or group relations) rely a great deal on stopping the action in order to publicly notice group behaviors and patterns and connect what is happening authentically to conscious actions and ideas (such as course content, readings, theories, etc.). However, when a facilitator or participant practices stopping the action and calling out these behaviors, there is a danger that they will go beyond productive tension into a level that causes casualties. This article explores the foundational need for compassion and purpose when using the common tools of heat and noticing in intentionally emergent spaces.
Using intentional emergence to dethrone the sage on the stage
Authors: Armstrong Josh P. , Vickers Asiya M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntentional emergence (IE) as a pedagogy centers students in learning and calls for the educator or facilitator to take a different role. It is important for educators to mindfully regulate their presence in the classroom to allow students to notice the role of authority in leadership practice. This article provides recommendations for productive learning when authority is de‐centered and learners are encouraged to take up their authority. Facilitators who reflect and consider their identities and the identities of their participants will be more prepared for what emerges in the classroom. Finally, educators center student learning by intentionally creating a safe container before giving back the work to students in meaningful ways, allowing themselves to take a backseat and observe students exercising leadership.
The effect of an endovascular Heaney maneuver to achieve total hepatic isolation on survival, hemodynamic stability, retrohepatic bleeding, and collateral flow in a porcine model
Authors: Wikström Maria B. , Stene-Hurtsén Anna , Åström Jens , Hörer Tal M. , Nilsson Kristofer F. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Combining resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) and the inferior vena cava (REBOVC) with open surgery is a new hybrid approach for treating retrohepatic vena caval injuries. We compared endovascular total hepatic isolation with supraceliac REBOA ± suprahepatic REBOVC and no occlusion in experimental retrohepatic vena cava bleeding regarding survival, bleeding volume, hemodynamic stability, and arterial collateral blood flow.

Methods
Twenty-five anesthetized pigs (n = 6–7/group) were randomized to REBOA; REBOA + REBOVC; REBOA + infra and suprahepatic REBOVC + portal vein occlusion (endovascular Heaney maneuver, four-balloon-occlusion, 4BO) or no occlusion. After balloon inflation, free bleeding was initiated from an open sheath in the retrohepatic vena cava. Bleeding volume, right internal thoracic artery (RITA) blood flow, hemodynamics, and arterial blood variables were measured until death or up to 90 min.

Results
The REBOA group had a longer median survival time (63 min) compared with the 4BO (24 min, P = 0.02) and no occlusion (30 min, P = 0.02) groups, not versus the REBOA + REBOVC group (49 min, P > 0.05). The first 15 min accumulated bleeding was comparable in all groups (P > 0.05); Thereafter, bleeding volume was higher in the REBOA group versus the 4BO group (P < 0.05), not versus the other groups. RITA blood flow and MAP were higher in the REBOA group versus the other groups after 10 min of bleeding (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Endovascular Heaney maneuver was not beneficial for survival or hemodynamic stability in this porcine model, whereas supraceliac REBOA was. Anatomical differences in thoracoabdominal collaterals between pigs and humans must be considered when interpreting these results.
Rechtliche, fachliche und strukturelle Aspekte einer modernen akutstationären Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit psychischen Störungen
Authors: Vloet Timo D. , Geißler Julia , Taurines Regina , Jans Thomas , Bürger Arne , Romanos Marcel 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren ist der Anteil der Notfallvorstellungen in den Versorgungsstrukturen für Kinder und Jugendliche kontinuierlich gestiegen. Die akutstationäre geschlossene Behandlung ist ein wesentlicher Baustein der Versorgung und dient vorrangig dem unmittelbaren Schutz von Kindern und Jugendlichen in psychischen Krisensituationen. Die geschlossene Unterbringung unterliegt strengen rechtlichen Voraussetzungen, die 2017 in Form des § 1631b BGB novelliert wurden und seither erstmals zu einer klaren Trennung der Anwendung von freiheitsentziehenden Maßnahmen (FEM) gegenüber der freiheitsentziehenden Unterbringung (FEU) von Kindern und Jugendlichen geführt hat.Anhand der Umgestaltung der Intensiveinheit am Universitätsklinikum Würzburg werden in diesem Artikel beispielhaft die Erfordernisse an eine moderne Akutversorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit psychischen Erkrankungen dargestellt. Infolge der Modernisierung am Universitätsklinikum Würzburg konnte Freiheitsentzug auf ein Minimum reduziert werden – auf aktuell durchschnittlich 1,5 Tage bei etwa 500 Aufnahmen mit FEU im Jahr. Die Gefahr der Hospitalisierung insbesondere bei chronisch suizidalen Patienten besteht praktisch nicht mehr. Durch Kooperation mit anderen Kliniken ist es in der Region seit 2017 gelungen, alle minderjährigen Patienten mit akutstationärem Behandlungsbedarf in kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Strukturen zu versorgen. Langfristige geschlossen-stationäre Behandlungen über viele Monate kommen bei chronischer Suizidalität nicht mehr vor.
Genes involved in auxin biosynthesis, transport and signalling underlie the extreme adventitious root phenotype of the tomato aer mutant
Authors: Kevei Zoltan , Larriba Eduardo , Romero-Bosquet María Dolores , Nicolás-Albujer Miriam , Kurowski Tomasz J. , Mohareb Fady , Rickett Daniel , Pérez-Pérez José Manuel , Thompson Andrew J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe use of tomato rootstocks has helped to alleviate the soaring abiotic stresses provoked by the adverse effects of climate change. Lateral and adventitious roots can improve topsoil exploration and nutrient uptake, shoot biomass and resulting overall yield. It is essential to understand the genetic basis of root structure development and how lateral and adventitious roots are produced. Existing mutant lines with specific root phenotypes are an excellent resource to analyse and comprehend the molecular basis of root developmental traits. The tomato aerial roots (aer) mutant exhibits an extreme adventitious rooting phenotype on the primary stem. It is known that this phenotype is associated with restricted polar auxin transport from the juvenile to the more mature stem, but prior to this study, the genetic loci responsible for the aer phenotype were unknown. We used genomic approaches to define the polygenic nature of the aer phenotype and provide evidence that increased expression of specific auxin biosynthesis, transport and signalling genes in different loci causes the initiation of adventitious root primordia in tomato stems. Our results allow the selection of different levels of adventitious rooting using molecular markers, potentially contributing to rootstock breeding strategies in grafted vegetable crops, especially in tomato. In crops vegetatively propagated as cuttings, such as fruit trees and cane fruits, orthologous genes may be useful for the selection of cultivars more amenable to propagation.
Hybrid PET/MRI of large vessel vasculitis
Authors: Brauner Johanna-Felicia , Rasul Sazan , Berzaczy Dominik , Beitzke Daniela , Wollenweber Tim , Beitzke Dietrich 
Published: March 2024

Summary
Background
The diagnosis of large vessel vasculitis (LVV) is often challenging due to the various clinical appearances and the low prevalence. Hybrid imaging by positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) is a highly relevant imaging modality for diagnostics and disease surveillance but may be associated with a significant amount of radiation dose especially in patients with complications.

Objective
The aim of this retrospective analysis was to compare the image quality and impact of hybrid imaging methods PET/CT and PET/MRI on the potential for dose reduction.

Methods
This retrospective single-center study included a cohort of 32 patients who were referred to PET/MRI for the evaluation of LVV, including graft infections and fever of unknown origin. This cohort was compared to a similar cohort of 37 patients who were examined with PET/CT in the same period. Mean radiation dose as well as image quality to establish a diagnosis were compared between the groups.

Results
The mean radiation dose applied in PET/MRI was significantly lower when compared to PET/CT (mean 6.6 mSV vs. 31.7 mSV; p < 0.001). This effect was based on the partially multiphasic CT protocols. At the same time, diagnostic image quality using a 4-point scale showed similar results for both imaging modalities in the work-up of LVV.

Conclusion
With PET/MRI, the radiation exposure can be significantly reduced with similar image quality and diagnostic impact. Patients with LVV have a higher risk of receiving a clinically relevant cumulative effective dose (CED) and PET/MRI should be made available to them.
Surgical-DINO: adapter learning of foundation models for depth estimation in endoscopic surgery
Authors: Cui Beilei , Islam Mobarakol , Bai Long , Ren Hongliang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Depth estimation in robotic surgery is vital in 3D reconstruction, surgical navigation and augmented reality visualization. Although the foundation model exhibits outstanding performance in many vision tasks, including depth estimation (e.g., DINOv2), recent works observed its limitations in medical and surgical domain-specific applications. This work presents a low-ranked adaptation (LoRA) of the foundation model for surgical depth estimation.

Methods
We design a foundation model-based depth estimation method, referred to as Surgical-DINO, a low-rank adaptation of the DINOv2 for depth estimation in endoscopic surgery. We build LoRA layers and integrate them into DINO to adapt with surgery-specific domain knowledge instead of conventional fine-tuning. During training, we freeze the DINO image encoder, which shows excellent visual representation capacity, and only optimize the LoRA layers and depth decoder to integrate features from the surgical scene.

Results
Our model is extensively validated on a MICCAI challenge dataset of SCARED, which is collected from da Vinci Xi endoscope surgery. We empirically show that Surgical-DINO significantly outperforms all the state-of-the-art models in endoscopic depth estimation tasks. The analysis with ablation studies has shown evidence of the remarkable effect of our LoRA layers and adaptation.

Conclusion
Surgical-DINO shed some light on the successful adaptation of the foundation models into the surgical domain for depth estimation. There is clear evidence in the results that zero-shot prediction on pre-trained weights in computer vision datasets or naive fine-tuning is not sufficient to use the foundation model in the surgical domain directly.
Coronary computed tomography angiography for clinical practice
Authors: Yoshida Kazuki , Tanabe Yuki , Hosokawa Takaaki , Morikawa Tomoro , Fukuyama Naoki , Kobayashi Yusuke , Kouchi Takanori , Kawaguchi Naoto , Matsuda Megumi , Kido Tomoyuki , Kido Teruhito 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a common condition caused by the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. It can be classified into stable CAD or acute coronary syndrome. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has a high negative predictive value and is used as the first examination for diagnosing stable CAD, particularly in patients at intermediate-to-high risk. CCTA is also adopted for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome, particularly in patients at low-to-intermediate risk. Myocardial ischemia does not always co-exist with coronary artery stenosis, and the positive predictive value of CCTA for myocardial ischemia is limited. However, CCTA has overcome this limitation with recent technological advancements such as CT perfusion and CT-fractional flow reserve. In addition, CCTA can be used to assess coronary artery plaques. Thus, the indications for CCTA have expanded, leading to an increased demand for radiologists. The CAD reporting and data system (CAD-RADS) 2.0 was recently proposed for standardizing CCTA reporting. This RADS evaluates and categorizes patients based on coronary artery stenosis and the overall amount of coronary artery plaque and links this to patient management. In this review, we aimed to review the major trials and guidelines for CCTA to understand its clinical role. Furthermore, we aimed to introduce the CAD-RADS 2.0 including the assessment of coronary artery stenosis, plaque, and other key findings, and highlight the steps for CCTA reporting. Finally, we aimed to present recent research trends including the perivascular fat attenuation index, artificial intelligence, and the advancements in CT technology.
The Beneficial Effect of Iron in Aluminum-Cerium-Based Cast Alloys
Authors: Moodispaw Michael P. , Cinkilic Emre , Miao Jiashi , Luo Alan A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIron (Fe) has been considered a major impurity since it is detrimental to the mechanical properties of many cast aluminum alloys due to the formation of Fe-containing brittle intermetallic phases. Fe is found naturally as an impurity in bauxite ore, resulting in Fe contamination of aluminum alloys with increasing contamination from current recycling practices. The Al–Ce–Fe system was investigated using CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) modeling and experimental casting techniques. It was found that additions of Fe to the Al–Ce system are beneficial to the strength (slightly) and ductility (significantly) of the ternary alloys, which is attributed to the formation of fine metastable Al8CeFe2 phase with aggregate morphology and equilibrium Al10CeFe2 phase, suppressing coarse proeutectic Al11Ce3 phase in near-eutectic Al–Ce alloys. Heat treatment study showed that the metastable Al8CeFe2 phase transforms to predicted equilibrium Al10CeFe2 phase at 500 °C, with essentially no intermetallic or grain coarsening; thus, the alloy displayed excellent property retention. The Al–Ce–Fe alloy system offers opportunities for sustainable, recyclable alloy development using low-cost Fe and low-cost cerium (a byproduct of rare-earth extraction).
Online Supervisory System for In-Process Optimization of Calcium Additions by Continuously Monitoring the State of Non-metallic Inclusions Inside Low-Alloyed Liquid Steels
Authors: Kuthe Sudhanshu , Rössler Roman , Karasev Andrey , Glaser Björn 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA decision support system was developed using supervised machine learning (ML) approach for optimization of calcium (Ca) additions by continuously monitoring the physical state of non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) inside low-alloyed liquid steels. In this work, two instances were considered to design the base algorithm for the proposed supervisory system: (1) Clogging of submerged entry nozzle (SEN) during continuous casting of steels due to accumulation of solid oxide non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) and (2) Ca treatment during secondary steelmaking for modification of oxide NMIs from solid to liquid state to avoid SEN clogging. At first, experimental investigations were carried out on liquid steel samples from three low-alloyed Ca-treated steel grades from the same steel family to evaluate the characteristics of solid oxide NMIs that cause SEN clogging. In the next step, data-driven models were developed using an in-house ML algorithm trained primarily with process data for calculating the value of the newly proposed dummy parameter ‘Clog.’ These models, after testing, were architected to develop a supervisory system based on experimental investigations and data-driven models. The objective of this proposed supervisory system was to predict the optimum quantity of Ca needed for successful modification of NMIs from solid to liquid state to avoid SEN clogging based on the forecasted ‘Clog’ value. Finally, industrial data from ~ 3000 heats were tested to verify the results obtained from the developed supervisory system. The results confirmed that this novel supervisory system could predict the optimum class of Ca for all studied steel grades with 95 to 98 pct accuracy. The integration of this online supervisory system in steel production is expected to minimize operators’ corrective actions in achieving realistic control of Ca additions.
A Computational Multiscale Modeling Method for Nanosilver-Sintered Joints with Stochastically Distributed Voids
Authors: Sun Zhongchao , Guo Wendi , Jørgensen Asger Bjørn 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A high power density is required in wide band gap power semiconductor packaging, which has led to the popularity of sintered nanosilver as an interconnecting material. However, affected by stochastically distributed voids in its microstructure, this material in practice exhibits instability leading to reduced reliability. In this paper, a computational multiscale modeling method is proposed to simulate the influence of micro-voids on macro-properties, providing an efficient tool to analyze the aforementioned problem. At the micro-scale, the three-parameter Weibull distribution of the equivalent Young’s modulus and the normal distribution of the equivalent Poisson’s ratio are captured by Monte Carlo-based finite element simulation on the reconstructed stochastic representative elements, where the density and distribution morphology of micro-voids are taken into consideration. At the macro-scale, the effect of the microscopic voids is transferred through a random sampling process to construct the multiscale model. The effectiveness and validity of the proposed method are verified through experimental case studies involving the modeling of nanosilver-sintered joints sintered at temperatures of 275°C and 300°C. In addition, the effects of the sintering temperature on the dispersion of the micro-voids, the distribution fluctuation of the constitutive parameters, and the mechanical properties are also discussed based on numerical and experimental results.

Graphical Abstract
Rate-induced tipping can trigger plankton blooms
Authors: Vanselow Anna , Halekotte Lukas , Pal Pinaki , Wieczorek Sebastian , Feudel Ulrike 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlankton blooms are complex nonlinear phenomena whose occurrence can be described by the two-timescale (fast-slow) phytoplankton-zooplankton model introduced by Truscott and Brindley (Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 56(5):981–998, 1994). In their work, they observed that a sufficiently fast rise of the water temperature causes a critical transition from a low phytoplankton concentration to a single outburst: a so-called plankton bloom. However, the dynamical mechanism responsible for the observed transition has not been identified to the present day. Using techniques from geometric singular perturbation theory, we uncover the formerly overlooked rate-sensitive quasithreshold which is given by special trajectories called canards. The transition from low to high concentrations occurs when this rate-sensitive quasithreshold moves past the current state of the plankton system at some narrow critical range of warming rates. In this way, we identify rate-induced tipping as the underlying dynamical mechanism of largely unpredictable plankton blooms such as red tides, or more general, harmful algal blooms. Our findings explain the previously reported transitions to a single plankton bloom, and allow us to predict a new type of transition to a sequence of blooms for higher rates of warming. This could provide a possible mechanism of the observed increased frequency of harmful algal blooms.