bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance of certain leukaemic myeloblasts to immunological attack
Authors: Maclennan I. C. M. , Gale D. G. L. , Wood J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeukaemic cells from four out of 19 patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia are shown to be resistant to lysis by rat anti‐human‐myeloblast antibody in the presence of complement. To a lesser degree this is reflected in lack of immunogenicity of these myeloblasts. It is suggested that these findings may be relevant in planning immunotherapy in this disease and evaluating the benefit of this type of treatment. Finally data are presented to show that loss of immunogenicity of myeloblasts after irradiation with 10,000 R, as is practised in certain immunotherapy schedules, is small compared with differences in immunogenicity between non‐irradiated myeloblasts from different individuals.
Lymphoproliferative disease in a cotton‐top marmoset after inoculation with infectious mononucleosis‐derived Epstein‐Barr virus
Authors: Werner Jürgen , Wolf Hans , Apodaca Jesus , Hausen Harald Zur 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInjection of concentrated EBV derived from cells of the Kaplan line of infectious mononucleosis (IM) origin resulted in malignant lymphoproliferation in one out of three cotton‐top marmosets 6 weeks after inoculation. Two additional animals receiving the same isolate after incubation with an antibody‐containing human serum did not develop tumors. Inoculation of concentrated virus derived from the P3HR‐1 line of Burkitt origin did not lead to lymphoproliferation in five marmosets. Three of these received non‐neutralized, and two received neutralized P3HR‐1 virus. The tumor obtained with the Kaplan isolate revealed characteristics of a lymphosarcoma. It contained EBV‐specific DNA. In addition, EBV‐synthesizing lymphoblastoid lines were established from a tumorous lymph‐node, as well as from the spleen of the diseased marmoset. Virus recovered from these lines transformed lymphocytes derived from spleens of healthy marmosets. The tumor‐bearing animal developed low levels of anti‐VCA antibodies during the course of tumor growth. These data demonstrate the oncogenic potential of EBV directly derived from cells of IM origin.
Spleen‐cell cytotoxicity for cytomegalovirustransformed cells. II. Inhibition by cytomegalovirus antiserum
Authors: Murasko Donna M. , Lausch Robert N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum from hamsters immunized repeatedly with cytomegalovirus (CMV) was able to block spleen‐cell cytotoxicity for CMV‐infected and CMV‐transformed cells. Inhibition was observed regardless of whether spleen cells were obtained from hamsters sensitized to the virus or to isografts of the transformed cells (designated Cx‐90‐3B, T‐2). Such serum did not significantly block effector cell response against transformed cells expressing herpes simplex virus or SV40‐associated membrane antigens. The mechanism of blocking was investigated. It was found that the blocking activity could be absorbed out with Cx‐90‐3B, T‐2 cells but not by untransformed hamster embryo fibroblasts. Cx‐90‐3B, T‐2 target cells treated with serum, and then washed, remained resistant to effector cell attack. On the other hand, if serum‐treated attacker cells were washed their cytotoxic activity was not significantly impaired. These results suggest that the blocking factor in the serum is antibody‐directed against cytomegalovirus‐related membrane antigen. This conclusion is supported by the finding that the serum contained antibody specifically reactive with the transformed cell surface in isotopic antiglobulin tests.
Distinctive banded marker chromosomes of human tumor cell lines
Authors: Nelson‐Rees Walter A. , Flandermeyer Robert R. , Hawthorne Paula K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNine human tumor cell lines (five breast carcinomas and four sarcomas) have been studied and each revealed groups of distinctive banded marker chromosomes which can serve to identify them and aid in monitoring cell line specificity. This was possible neither by conventional karyology in terms of numbers and morphology of chromosomes nor by glucose‐6‐phosphate‐dehydrogenase mobility which was type B for all cultures. The significance of the clonal nature of the cell lines is discussed.
Human tumor—lymphocyte interaction in vitro: Blastogenesis correlated to detectable immunoglobulin in the biopsy
Authors: Vánky F. , Trempe G. , Klein E. , Stjernswärd J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBinding of radioiodinated anti‐immunoglobulin (Ig) reagent assayed by acid elutable radioactivity was shown in 18 of 44 cell suspensions (41%) prepared from surgical specimens of human tumors. Aliquots of these biopsies were admixed to autologous lymphocytes and in 13 cases they induced stimulation of DNA synthesis. In only one of these 13 cases was the anti‐Ig reagent bound, while among the 26 biopsies with low or no binding capacity 12 (46%) were stimulatory, indicating that immunoglobulin‐containing biopsies are not stimulatory. Experiments on 32 lymphocyte preparations from different lymphoid organs suggest that the immunoglobulin detected in the tumor‐cell suspension is not derived from the infiltrating lymphoid cells.
Production by EBV infection of an EBNA‐positive subline from an EBNA‐negative human lymphoma cell line without detectable EBV DNA
Authors: Clements G. B. , Klein G. , Povey S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA continuous lymphoma cell line, BJAB, derived from the tumour of an exceptional African case of Burkitt's lymphoma, has previously been described. Unlike 97% of African BL cases studied, neither the original tumour cells nor the cell line contained detectable amounts of EBV (Epstein‐Barr virus) DNA, nor did they express the EBV‐determined nuclear antigen EBNA. The cells of the established line had the characteristics of B‐type lymphocytes and they carried receptors for EBV. EBNA was induced in the majority of BJAB cells after EBV infection. Usually the cells died within 10 days of infection, but it was possible to establish a permanent EBNA‐positive variant (GC‐BJAB) of BJAB. The patient from whose tumour the original BJAB line was established was seropositive for EBV antigens, indicating previous exposure to and continuing presence of the virus; yet the tumour had not become infected by EBV. This evidence shows that EBV is not readily “picked up” by the lymphoma.
Histological and combined chemoimmunostimulation therapy studies against a murine leukemia
Authors: Pearson J. W. , Perk K. , Chirigos M. A. , Pryor J. W. , Fuhrman F. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA Graffi murine leukemia was utilized as a model system to investigate the effect of chemoimmunostimulation therapy. Subcutaneous inoculation of approximately 1.0 × 106 tumor cells resulted in a rapidly growing tumor at the site of inoculation and subsequent development of splenomegaly and lymphoadenopathy. All animals succumbed to the leukemia within 24 to 30 days. Treatment of diseased animals with two courses of cytoxan over a 2‐week period resulted in a remission period of approximately 16 to 18 days before relapse and eventual death of approximately 70% of the drug‐treated animals. A significant number of long‐term survivors (50 to 83%) was obtained in groups of animals that received combined drug plus BCG or C. parvum therapy. In contrast, the administration of MER (a methanol‐extracted residue of BCG) to animals in a drug‐induced remission period was no more effective than drug alone. The protective effect afforded by BCG and C. parvum was dependent on the time interval between drug therapy and the administration of the immunostimulators. Treatment of leukemic animals with BCG, C. parvum, or MEK alone proved ineffective as all mice died at approximately the same time as untreated control animals. No leukemic cells were observed in any of the histologically examined tissues taken from long‐term survivors. The implication of these results for cancer therapy is discussed.
Tumor induction in rats by feeding aminopyrine or oxytetracycline with nitrite
Authors: Taylor H. W. , Lijnsky W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSprague‐Dawley rats were given combinations of aminopyrine or oxytetracycline and sodium nitrite in drinking water. Of 30 animals receiving 0.1% (1,000 ppm) of aminopyrine and sodium nitrite for 30 weeks, 29 died with hemangioendothelial sarcomas of the liver. The same tumor caused death in 26 of 30 animals that received 0.025% (250 ppm) of both aminopyrine and sodium nitrite for 50 weeks. No animals in a control group of the same size that received 0.1% aminopyrine for 30 weeks developed this tumor, although one‐half of them were still alive 2 years after the experiment was begun. After feeding a comparable dose (0.1%) of oxytetracycline and sodium nitrite for 60 weeks, liver tumors were present in 4 of 30 rats (3 hepatocellular tumors and 1 cholangioma). Since aminopyrine has been widely used for medicinal purposes in the human population, it is possible that many people have been exposed to a potent carcinogen (dimethylnitrosamine) by its formation in vivo. It is not certain whether the result of feeding oxytetracycline and sodium nitrite indicates significant carcinogenicity of this combination.
Natural cytotoxic reactivity of mouse lymphoid cells against syngeneic and allogeneic tumors. I. Distribution of reactivity and specificity
Authors: Herberman Ronald B. , Nunn Myrthel E. , Lavrin David H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphoid cells from many normal mice of a variety of inbred strains were found to have reactivity, in a 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay, against several syngeneic and allogeneic tumors. Very high reactivity was seen with effector cells from athymic nude mice, which was consistent with other evidence that the reactivity was not T‐cell dependent. Target cells susceptible to lysis included tumors induced by oncogenic type‐C viruses but also tumors induced by other means and expressing endogenous type‐C viruses. The levels of natural reactivity were influenced by age, with highest cytotoxicity produced by cells from 5‐ to 8‐week‐old mice. Lymph‐node cells, spleen cells, peritoneal exudate cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes all had cytotoxic reactivity. The specificity of the reactions was analyzed in detail by an inhibition assay. Evidence was obtained for natural reactivity against several different antigens, each apparently associated with expression of murine endogenous type‐C viruses.
Identification of an antigen associated with malignant melanoma
Authors: Viza D. , Phillips J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractXeno‐antisera, prepared by immunization with soluble membrane material obtained from melanoma tumours and partially purified by column chromatography, were found to detect an antigenic specificity common to some tumour extracts and sera of melanoma patients. The presence of this antigen in patients' sera allows speculation for its possible use for early diagnosis of metastases and its role in the blocking of the immunological defences of the melanoma patients. Preparation of monospecific antisera by immunization with insoluble serum‐antigen/antibody complexes has been successfully undertaken.
Antibodies to Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated nuclear antigen and to other viral and non‐vical antigens in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Rocchi G. , Tosato G. , Papa G. , Ragona G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibody reactivity to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) was investigated by means of the anticomplement immunofluorescence technique on sera from patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and from appropriate controls. Antibody levels to other EBV‐determined antigens, i.e. viral capsid (VCA) and early antigens (EA), and to measles and rubella viruses, to cytomegalovirus (CMV), and to toxoplasma gondii were also measured. The results of anti‐EBV antibody titrations demonstrated that anti‐VCA, anti‐EA and anti‐EBNA reactivity was significantly higher in HD patients than in healthy subjects. There was no significant difference between the distribution of high rubella and measles antibody titers in HD and control sera. The GMT and the incidence of high titer anti‐CMV and toxoplasma antibodies were greater in HD patients than in controls. The analysis of the data, according to histological subtypes, showed that the condition of lymphocyte depletion was associated in HD patients with the highest anti‐EBNA antibody levels and the lymphocyte predominance with the lowest. This pattern seemed to be peculiar for anti‐EBV reactivity, since anti‐CMV and anti‐toxoplasmn antibody levels in the lymphocytedepleted group of patients did not significantly differ from those of controls. No correlation was found between anti‐VCA and anti‐EBNA in individual sera of HD patients. This observation suggests that different mechanisms are probably responsible in HD for the release of EBV‐related antigens from infected cells.
Increased thymidine uptake by methylcholanthrene‐treated C3H/10T1/2 cells
Authors: Bairstow Fred , Heidelberger Charles 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe uptake of 3H‐thymidine in post‐confluent cultures of methylcholanthrene‐transformed C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells was markedly higher than in their non‐transformed counterparts. In a reconstruction experiment as few as 2% transformed cells could be detected by increased thymidine uptake. Measurements made at various times up to 110 days in multi‐chambered plates revealed that after 25 days methyl‐cholanthrene‐treated cultures incorporated significantly more thymidine than the acetone‐treated controls. This increased uptake correlated with the appearance of Type III transformed foci.
Temperature‐dependent properties of cells transformed by a thermosensitive mutant (TS‐121) of polyoma virus. II. Characterization of 121‐6 cells
Authors: Okada Yasuhiro S. , Hakura Akira 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe properties of 121‐6 cells were characterized. This cell line is transformed by ts‐121, a temperature‐sensitive mutant of polyoma virus. Both the morphology and saturation density of the 121‐6 cells were affected by temperature; i.e. at 39° C, the cells grew to monolayer sheets and remained contact inhibited for a long time (at least 25 days), while at 35° C, they grew beyond the monolayer density, like cells transformed by wild‐type polyoma virus. These phenotypic changes were reversible, but increased agglutinability by Concanavalin A, which was another phenotype of these transformed cells, was not temperature‐sensitive, and even at high temperature, 121‐6 cells, like transformed cells, showed high agglutinability.
Non‐organ‐specific and tumour‐specific antibodies in children with Wilms' tumour
Authors: Kumar Shant , Taylor Geoffrey 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from groups of children with Wilms' tumour, with non‐renal solid tumours, and from control children were studied by immunofluorescence and by absorption techniques. A high proportion of sera from both tumour groups contained non‐organ‐specific auto‐antibodies. Three of the 45 sera in the Wilms' group and one of the 27 sera in the “other” solid tumour group contained antibody reacting with normal kidney cells. Only one of 45 sera in the Wilms' tumour group contained tumour‐specific antibody.
Evidence that blocking factors in the sera of multiparous mice are associated with immunoglobulins
Authors: Tamerius J. , Hellström I. , Hellström K. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious work has shown that lymph‐node cells from pregnant BALB/c mice can kill syngeneic tumor cells in a microcytotoxicity assay, and that sera from pregnant BALB/c mice can block (inhibit) that effect. The present study shows that passage of such sera through immunoadsorbents charged with anti‐mouse IgG2a or IgG2b removed the blocking activity, and that this could be recovered in the eluates; passage through an anti‐IgG1 immunoadsorbent was less effective in decreasing blocking serum activity and adsorption to immunoadsorbent charged with anti‐IgM or anti‐IgA did not remove it at all. Passage of blocking serum through an immunoadsorbent coupled with antibodies from a rabbit anti‐mouse embryo antiserum removed all of its blocking activity, and this could be recovered in the eluates. The findings are compatible with the hypothesis that the blocking factors operating in this system are largely complexes between embryonic antigens and IgG2a and IgG2b.
Therapeutic effect of intratumoral injection of BCG and other substances in rats and mice
Authors: Chassoux D. , Salomon J‐C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe experimental treatment of a rat sarcoma (McFiFi 2) by intratumoral injection of BCGThe abbreviations used are: BCG, Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin; C. parvum, Corynebacterium parvum; MC, 3‐methylcholanthrene; MER, methanol extract residue of Mycobacterium tuberculosis; PHA, phyto‐hemagglutinin; Con A, concanavalin A; IT, intratumoral; SC, subcutaneous; IP, intraperitoneal; IV, intravenous; TSTA. tumor‐specific transplantation antigen.
is described. Tumors which have a mean diameter of less than 10 mm at the beginning of treatment are fully susceptible to BCG, although spontaneous regression is not observed at this stage. The effective dose of living BCG ranges from two injections of 0.1 mg to two injections of 1 mg, given IT at an interval of 7 days. The permanent cure of a proportion of the tumors may also be induced by IT injection of a similar dose of heat‐killed BCG or of MER, or of 109 heat‐killed C. parvum, according to the same schedule. Preimmunization of the rats with living BCG does not improve the efficiency of heat‐killed BCG. Direct contact between the therapeutic material and the tumor cells is critical. If rats are grafted with two pieces of the same tumor in widely separated sites, the intratumoral treatment of only one of these tumors with living BCG is sufficient to induce regression of both tumors in 50% of the animals. The effect of BCG is counteracted by injection of silica or by ingestion of polaramine. The same intratumoral treatment with living BCG was applied to different rat and mouse tumors. Only McFiFi 2 tumors were cured by intralesional BCG. C3H mouse plasmocytoma 5563 was not cured by intratumoral BCG but its growth could be prevented by mixing BCG and tumor cells at the time of grafting; this tumor was considered to be of medium susceptibility. However, until there is definite proof that the two mechanisms are identical, one should consider the regression and cure of a growing tumor, and the prevention of tumor growth, as two different phenomena. The clinical treatment of human tumors resembles the first experimental procedure more closely than the second.
Cellular immune reactivity in vitro and tumor rejection provided by tumor‐associated antigens of friend‐virus‐induced leukemia
Authors: Dean J. H. , McCoy J. L. , Law L. W. , Maurer B. A. , Appella E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCell‐mediated immunity (CMI) and tumor rejection were studied in the Friend virus leukemia system of C57BI/6 mice. Mice were immunized with Friend leukemia virus (FLV) or X‐irradiated FBL‐3 leukemic cells and studied temporally for the development of CMI reactivity by assays of 51Cr release lymphocyte cytotoxicity, lymphocyte transformation, migration inhibition, Winn tumor cell neutralization and transplantation rejection. High levels of specific lymphocyte cytotoxicity were observed by day 7 following FLV infection; this reactivity reached a peak between 17 and 21 days, and returned to background levels by day 36. Further, positive Winn assays were obtained with spleen cells from mice immunized with FLV at times when the mice resisted live FBL‐3 tumor challenge. Positive lymphocyte transformation was obtained with spleen cells from mice immunized with FLV or FBL‐3, but not with cells from normal mice or mice immune to a syngeneic methycholanthrene‐induced tumor, when cultured with papain‐soluble FBL‐3 or RBL‐5 tumor‐cell extracts or mitomycin‐C (MMC)‐treated FBL‐3 or RBL‐5 cells. Positive reactivity in the lymphocyte transformation assay occurred after reactivity had peaked in the lymphocyte cytotoxicity test. Similar positive macrophage migration inhibition patterns were also obtained with peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from FLV‐immunized mice using papain‐solubilized tumor‐associated antigen (TAA) from FBL‐3 cells. These data suggest that sequential development and modulation of CMI reactivity occurs as observed in different assays following immunization in this system.
Combination of C. parvum and specific immunization against artificial pulmonary metastases in mice
Authors: Milas Luka , Kogelnik H. Dieter , Bašic Ivan , Mason Kathy , Hunter Nancy , Withers H. Rodney 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have studied whether specific immunization administered intraperitoneally can augment the activity ofC. parvum (0.25 mg intraperitoneally or intravenously) against intravenously injected cells of a syngeneic fibrosarcoma in C3Hf/Bu mice as expressed by the reduction of pulmonary metastases (nodules, colonies) and/or by the prolongation of the survival of recipients. Combination of specific immunization and C. parvum, applied either before or after IV inoculation of viable tumor cells, was more effective than the single treatments. IV injection of a mixture of heavily irradiated and viable tumor cells gave more tumor nodules in the lungs of normal mice than injection of viable cells alone. The metastasis‐enhancing effect of admixed irradiated cells was not found in mice previously treated with C. parvum, and was abolished if the immunostimulant was injected after tumor cells. Generation of lung metastases by IV inoculation of fibrosarcoma cells was reduced in mice already having this tumor in the leg. This concomitant immunity to metastases was increased by treating the recipients with C. parvum, but not with irradiated cells: also, the injection of irradiated cells together with C. parvum did not augment the efficiency of the latter. C. parvum was not as effective in T‐cell deprived as in control mice, which suggests that in this system, T‐cells are required for optimal anti‐tumor activity of this immunostimulant. Specific immunization was not effective in T‐cell‐deprived mice and did not augment the efficiency of C. parvum.
Increased lymphocyte‐mediated destruction of tumor cells in microcytotoxicity assays seen after addition of inhibitors of protein synthesis
Authors: Hellström I. , Hellström K. E. , Nepom J. T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo methylcholanthrene (MCA)‐induced sarcomas were used as targets in a criss‐cross pattern to study lymph‐node‐cell (LNC)‐mediated cytotoxic reactions to tumor‐specific antigens in a 26 h microcytotoxicity assay. Destruction of plated tumor cells by syngeneic LNC from specifically tumor‐immune or multiparous mice significantly increased when cycloheximide was added during the whole duration of the test. A similar increase was also seen if either cycloheximide or puromycin was added during the last 6 h of the 24 h assay. A slight increase of cytotoxicity was seen if, instead, the mixture of fetal calf serum and LNC was simply replaced by serum‐free medium during the last 6 h of the test. The findings suggest that a repair process may occur in target cells contacted by immune LNC or that target cells damaged by contact with immune LNC are more sensitive to further damage by the exposure to certain inhibitors of protein synthesis. Additional mechanisms may contribute to the increased LNC‐mediated cytotoxicity seen when cycloheximide is added for the whole duration of the test.