bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical duties and compensation for U.S. emergency medicine fellows at academic centers: A descriptive, cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Ulintz Alexander J. , Tyransky Alyssa , Archual Gregory M. , Kadish Chelsea B. , Panchal Ashish R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveFellowship training is increasingly popular among residency graduates and critical to the advancement of academic emergency medicine (EM). Little is known about the clinical hours worked and financial compensation received by fellows during training. We sought to describe the clinical duties and financial compensation of EM fellows at U.S. academic centers.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study surveyed U.S. academic EM department administrators who were members of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine's Academy of Administrators in Academic Emergency Medicine (AAAEM) regarding their fellowship programs and fellows. We electronically distributed the validated survey instrument to 73 member sites between October 2022 and January 2023. Survey domains included fellow and fellowship demographics, base and total annual clinical hours, and base and total annual compensation. We calculated descriptive statistics and compared fellows by accreditation (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education [ACGME] or non‐ACGME) using chi‐square and Wilcoxon rank‐sum testing. We conducted a secondary analysis of base and total salary by gender and accreditation using Wilcoxon rank‐sum testing.ResultsWe received 38 institutional responses (response rate 52%), which represented 217 individual fellows. Nearly three‐fourths (n = 158, 72.8%) of fellows enrolled in non‐ACGME fellowships, worked 33% more base hours annually than ACGME fellows (median 571 h vs. 768 h, p < 0.001), and received base compensation 20% higher than ACGME fellows ($88,540 vs. $70,777, p < 0.001). Accounting for additional compensation, the median total annual compensation for non‐ACGME fellows remained 11% higher than ACGME fellows ($105,000 vs. $93,853, p = 0.004). We observed no significant differences salary when stratified by gender.ConclusionsMost EM fellows at U.S. academic institutions enrolled in non‐ACGME fellowships with significantly higher base hours and financial compensation than ACGME fellowships. These results represent the first description of the clinical hours and financial compensation of academic EM fellows and should be considered in ongoing benchmarking efforts by AAAEM.
What defines the “value” of robotic surgery for patients with gastrointestinal cancers? Perspectives from a U.S. Cancer Center
Authors: Ikoma Naruhiko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe use of robotic surgery has experienced rapid growth across diverse medical conditions, with a notable emphasis on gastrointestinal cancers. The advanced technologies incorporated into robotic surgery platforms have played a pivotal role in enabling the safe performance of complex procedures, including gastrectomy and pancreatectomy, through a minimally invasive approach. However, there exists a noteworthy gap in high‐level evidence demonstrating that robotic surgery for gastric and pancreatic cancers has substantial benefits compared to traditional open or laparoscopic methods. The primary impediment hindering the broader implementation of robotic surgery is its cost. The escalating healthcare expenses in the United States have prompted healthcare providers and payors to explore patient‐centered, value‐based healthcare models and reimbursement systems that embrace cost‐effectiveness. Thus, it is important to determine what defines the value of robotic surgery. It must either maintain or enhance oncological quality and improve complication rates compared to open procedures. Moreover, its true value should be apparent in patients' expedited recovery and improved quality of life. Another essential aspect of robotic surgery's value lies in minimizing or even eliminating opioid use, even after major operations, offering considerable benefits to the broader public health landscape. A quicker return to oncological therapy has the potential to improve overall oncological outcomes, while a speedier return to work not only alleviates individual financial distress but also positively impacts societal productivity. In this article, we comprehensively review and summarize the current landscape of health economics and value‐based care, with a focus on robotic surgery for gastrointestinal cancers.
Laccase‐mediated polymerization of tannins from a pine bark extract: Toward an eco‐friendly valorization of forest wastes
Authors: Vera Myleidi , Silva Carla , Li Nan‐nan , García Yadiris , Jiménez Verónica A. , Urbano Bruno F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe valorization of tannins from forest by‐products is a major opportunity for the sustainable development of the forestry industry. Herein we report the laccase‐mediated polymerization of tannins obtained from an aqueous pine bark extract. The reaction was conducted under an oxygen atmosphere at 50°C for 60 min and followed by UV–Vis, fluorescence intensity, phenol content, and viscosity measurements. An insoluble polymer was obtained after 45 min, which was attributed to coupling reactions triggered by phenoxyl radicals within the tannins mixture. The polymer showed a marked increase in thermal stability compared with the precursor pine bark extract, with a total mass loss of less than 12% at temperatures up to 500°C, suggesting potential practical applications in flame retardant materials. Additionally, the polymer showed an 85% DPPH activity and a 60% attenuation of singlet oxygen release upon light irradiation, which supports antioxidant and photoprotective properties for the prepared material. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the formation of an insoluble polymer by direct enzymatic reaction of an aqueous tannin extract. In this case, soluble tannins are the sole reactants used to produce a promising versatile material for forest waste valorization.
Al2O3/graphene/PVDF‐HFP radiative cooling coating reinforced heat dissipation of BIPV modules
Authors: Zheng Yuqin , Fu Ziyan , Sun Xilian , Zhou Lang , Wei Xiuqin , Zhang Jikui , Xia Wei , Liu Yaokai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBuilding integrated photovoltaic modules, applied to industrial and commercial buildings, generally used metal as the backsheet. In summer, the operating temperature of modules is as high as 70°C, resulting in instability of output power and service life. Therefore, it is very important to reduce the operating temperature of photovoltaic modules. In this work, Al2O3/graphene/poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) composite radiative cooling coatings were prepared and utilized for reinforcing heat dissipation of photovoltaic modules. The results indicate that 0.75 wt%Al2O3/1wt%graphene/PVDF‐HFP composite coating exhibited a thermal diffusivity of 3.24 μm2/s and an average emissivity of 0.94. The maximum temperature drop of the coating in the outer door reached 5.8°C. In addition, a mini photovoltaic module coated with the composite coating achieved the cooling effect of 2.4°C, and the output power and conversion efficiency were increased by 5.8% and 7%, respectively. This demonstrates that the heat conduction radiative cooling coating possesses potential applications for improving the reliability of photovoltaic modules.
Influence of the use of 3D printing technology for teaching chemistry in STEM disciplines
Authors: Trujillo‐Cayado Luis Alfonso , Santos Jenifer , Cordobés Felipe , Ramos‐Payán María 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTeachers can create engaging learning environments in engineering courses through pedagogical innovation using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Introductory chemistry courses in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines typically include the study of molecular models and periodic properties, which are inherently visual concepts. Unfortunately, these concepts are often taught using two‐dimensional drawings, although three‐dimensional (3D) printing offers an engaging approach to learning chemistry in these disciplines. Undergraduate engineering students are provided with modelling software and a 3D printer, allowing them to construct 3D models of basic Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory shapes using polylactic acid. The results of this research showed that the average score of the students in the control group was lower than that of the students in the 3D technology group. This research has found that the learning curve for modelling and the time required for printing are high, limiting the practical application of this exercise in student laboratory classes. However, in an appropriate environment, 3D printing technology has the potential to be a valuable tool for teaching and learning molecular models and periodic properties of chemistry courses in STEM disciplines.
Split Gp41‐1 intein splicing as a model to evaluate the cellular location of the oncosuppressor Maspin in an in vitro model of osteosarcoma
Authors: Mariano Alessia , Di Cristofano Samuele , Raimondo Domenico , Scotto d'Abusco Anna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInteins are proteins involved in the protein splicing mechanism, an autoprocessing event, where sequences (exteins) separated by inteins become ligated each other after recombination. Two kinds of inteins have been described, contiguous inteins and split inteins. The former ones are transcribed and translated as a single peptide along with their exteins, while the latter are fragmented between two different genes and are transcribed and translated separately. The aim of this study is to establish a method to obtain a fluorescent eukaryotic protein to analyze its cellular localization, using the natural split gp41‐1 inteins. We chose natural split inteins due to their distribution in all three domains of life. Two constructs were prepared, one containing the N‐terminal split intein along with the N‐moiety of the Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP) and a second construct containing the C‐terminal of split intein, the C‐moiety of RFP and the gene coding for Maspin, a tumor suppressor protein. The trans‐splicing was verified by transfecting both N‐terminal and C‐terminal constructs into mammalian cells. The success of the recombination event was highlighted through the fluorescence produced by reconstituted RFP after recombination, along with the overlap of the red fluorescence produced by recombined RFP and the green fluorescence produced by the hybridization of the recombinant Maspin with a specific antibody. In conclusion, we opted to use this mechanism of recombination to obtain a fluorescent Maspin instead to express a large fusion protein, considering that it could interfere with Maspin's structure and function.
A Comparative Study on the Influence of N‐Doped Primary and Secondary Hydrochars on the Electrochemical Performance of Biobased Carbon Electrodes for Energy Storage Application
Authors: Straten Jan Willem , Alhnidi Muhammad‐Jamal , Mustaka Erlir , Alchoumari Ghassan , Jung Dennis , Kruse Andrea 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technique and subsequent pyrolysis were applied. Herein, two different types of biobased feedstocks, sucrose (Suc) and Miscanthus (Mis), were chosen. Urea served as N precursor for the in situ doping. HTC of Suc and Mis with urea leads to N‐doped hydrochars (N‐HCs). Suc and Mis decompose in different, complex degradation pathways, which leads to the emergence of N‐HCs consisting of distinct ratios of N‐containing primary chars (N‐PCs) and secondary chars (N‐SCs). After pyrolysis, maximum N contents of 5.6 wt % and 4.8 wt % of the N‐doped pyrolyzed hydrochar (N‐PHC) electrodes from Suc and Mis, respectively were reached. The role of PC and SC formation on the impact of N‐doping in the context of physicochemical properties of the N‐PHCs was compared with each other. In this study, they were tested with respect to the influence of N‐PCs and N‐SCs on their electrochemical performance in energy storage application. It turned out that the electrical conductivity (EC) and specific capacitances increased. Highest EC value of 129.1 S ⋅ cm−1 was obtained with N‐PHC based on Suc. Simultaneously, enhanced average specific capacitances of 47.0 F ⋅ g−1 at 5 mV ⋅ s−1 and 3.5 F ⋅ g−1 at 100 mV ⋅ s−1 are ascertained with N‐PHCs from Suc and Mis, respectively.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Rh Nanoparticles in Polycationic‐Shell, Triphenylphosphine Oxide‐Functionalized Core‐Crosslinked Micelles for Aqueous Biphasic Hydrogenation
Authors: Abou‐Fayssal Chantal J. , Schill Leonhard , Poli Rinaldo , Manoury Eric , Philippot Karine , Riisager Anders 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCationic‐shell core‐crosslinked micelles (CCM−C) with rhodium nanoparticles (RhNPs) anchored to core‐linked triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) ligands were synthesized by a facile one‐pot approach by the reduction of [Rh(COD)(μ‐Cl)]2/toluene in the presence of an aqueous TPPO@CCM−C latex. The resulting RhNP‐TPPO@CCM−C latex showed to be performant for the aqueous biphasic hydrogenation of styrene with an average corrected turnover frequency (cTOF) up to 23600 h−1 based on the RhNP surface atoms. The catalyst system also proved reusable in multiple catalytic runs without any visible RhNP loss during the recycling process as well as applicable to the hydrogenation of other selected alkenes, alkynes and carbonyl substrates (average cTOF of 1000–3200 h−1), thus demonstrating a high versatility.
Development of Biocompatible Cu(I)‐Microdevices for Bioorthogonal Uncaging and Click Reactions
Authors: van de L'Isle Melissa , Croke Stephen , Valero Teresa , Unciti‐Broceta Asier 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTransition‐metal‐catalyzed bioorthogonal reactions emerged a decade ago as a novel strategy to implement spatiotemporal control over enzymatic functions and pharmacological interventions. The use of this methodology in experimental therapy is driven by the ambition of improving the tolerability and PK properties of clinically‐used therapeutic agents. The preclinical potential of bioorthogonal catalysis has been validated in vitro and in vivo with the in situ generation of a broad range of drugs, including cytotoxic agents, anti‐inflammatory drugs and anxiolytics. In this article, we report our investigations towards the preparation of solid‐supported Cu(I)‐microdevices and their application in bioorthogonal uncaging and click reactions. A range of ligand‐functionalized polymeric devices and off‐on Cu(I)‐sensitive sensors were developed and tested under conditions compatible with life. Last, we present a preliminary exploration of their use for the synthesis of PROTACs through CuAAC assembly of two heterofunctional mating units.
An in silico analysis of neuromodulation for pain relief: Determining the role of classical electrodynamics
Authors: Cornish Philip , Humphrey Nabil , Cornish Anne , Emmerson R. Branden 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere has been ongoing debate about the efficacy and mechanism of action of neuromodulation devices in pain relief applications. It has recently been suggested that both issues may be resolved if electromagnetic theory is incorporated into the understanding and application of this technology, and we therefore undertook an in silico analysis to further explore this idea. We created a CAD replication of a standard neuromodulation electrode array with a generic linear 3/6 mm 8‐contact lead, developed a parameterized algorithmic model for the pulse delivered by the device and assigned material properties to biologic media to accurately reflect their electromagnetic properties. We then created a physical simulation of the device's output both in air and in the biophysical environment. The simulations confirmed the presence of an electromagnetic field (EM field). Variations in programming of the device affected the strength of the EM field by orders of magnitude. The biologic media all absorbed the EM field, an effect which was particularly pronounced in cerebrospinal fluid and muscle. We discuss the implications of all these findings in relation to the literature. We suggest that knowledge of electromagnetic theory and its application within the biophysical space is required for the optimal use of neuromodulation devices in pain relief applications.
Advances in the Dynamics of Adsorbate Diffusion on Metal Surfaces: Focus on Hydrogen and Oxygen
Authors: Gu Kaixuan , Lin Sen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAdsorbates on metal surfaces are typically formed from the dissociative chemisorption of molecules occurring at gas‐solid interfaces. These adsorbed species exhibit unique diffusion behaviors on metal surfaces, which are influenced by their translational energy. They play crucial roles in various fields, including heterogeneous catalysis and corrosion. This review examines recent theoretical advancements in understanding the diffusion dynamics of adsorbates on metal surfaces, with a specific emphasis on hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The diffusion processes of adsorbates on metal surfaces involve two energy transfer mechanisms: surface phonons and electron‐hole pair excitations. This review also surveys new theoretical methods, including the characterization of the electron‐hole pair excitation within electronic friction models, the acceleration of quantum chemistry calculations through machine learning, and the treatment of atomic nuclear motion from both quantum mechanical and classical perspectives. Furthermore, this review offers valuable insights into how energy transfer, nuclear quantum effects, supercell sizes, and the topography of potential energy surfaces impact the diffusion behavior of hydrogen and oxygen species on metal surfaces. Lastly, some preliminary research proposals are presented.
A case of acute obstructive suppurative pancreatic ductitis complicated with acute cholangitis diagnosed only after the removal of a pancreatic duct stent
Authors: Oura Hirotaka , Sugiyama Harutoshi , Nishino Takayoshi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAcute obstructive suppurative pancreatic ductitis (AOSPD) is a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis that presents with high fever and abdominal pain. A 63‐year‐old man underwent plastic bile duct stent and plastic pancreatic duct stent (PDS) placement for benign stricture in the intrapancreatic bile and pancreatic ducts associated with chronic pancreatitis; the stents were routinely replaced. Seven months after the last replacement, the patient presented to our hospital with dark urine but without fever or abdominal pain. Subsequent blood tests revealed elevated levels of hepatobiliary enzymes, white blood cells, and C‐reactive protein. However, the pancreatic enzyme levels remained unchanged, and abdominal computed tomography showed the absence of inflammation around the pancreas. He was initially diagnosed with acute cholangitis (AC) due to bile duct stent dysfunction and subsequently underwent emergency endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. As obstruction of the PDS was suspected, both bile duct stent and PDS were replaced. Although the collected bile did not exhibit purulence, a white purulent fluid was released after replacing the PDS. Cultures from the bile and pancreatic exudates revealed the presence of Klebsiella oxytoca. Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with AOSPD and AC. In this patient, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed after the diagnosis of AC alone; however, relying solely on AC treatment might not have ameliorated the patient's condition. The patient did not complain of any abdominal pain and was diagnosed with AOSPD only after the replacement of his PDS. Our case suggests that AOSPD may be a pitfall in the identification of the source of inflammation in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
Analysis of the serum levels of RIP3 and Drp1 in patients with heart failure
Authors: Jarabicová Izabela , Horváth Csaba , Chudý Martin , Goncalvesová Eva , Adameová Adriana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsAs necroptosis involving receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) and dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1)‐mediated signalling is a crucial mechanism of cell loss in heart failure (HF), we aimed to determine the potential diagnostic use of these molecules.Methods and resultsThe serum samples of the healthy subjects (n = 8) and patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (n = 31), being subdivided according to the aetiology and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, were used to measure RIP3 and Drp1 levels by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Although the serum levels of Drp1 in the patients with HF were comparable with those seen in healthy individuals, we found a trend of increase in the levels of RIP3 (P = 0.0697) in the diseased group. These changes were unlikely dependent on the HF aetiology or NYHA class. The circulating RIP3 correlated with neither the main parameters assessing cardiac function (left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter, and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide) nor the marker of inflammation (C‐reactive protein).ConclusionsIn this pilot study, findings on serum RIP3 supported the importance of necroptosis in HF pathomechanisms. The potential diagnostic use of circulating RIP3, unlike Drp1, as an additional biomarker of HF has also been indicated; however, further large studies are needed to prove this concept.
cDC2 plasticity and acquisition of a DC3‐like phenotype mediated by IL‐6 and PGE2 in a patient‐derived colorectal cancer organoids model
Authors: Subtil Beatriz , van der Hoorn Iris A. E. , Cuenca‐Escalona Jorge , Becker Anouk M. D. , Alvarez‐Begue Mar , Iyer Kirti K. , Janssen Jorien , van Oorschot Tom , Poel Dennis , Gorris Mark A. J. , van den Dries Koen , Cambi Alessandra , Tauriello Daniele V. F. , de Vries I. Jolanda M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly resistant to therapy and prone to recur. The tumor‐induced local and systemic immunosuppression allows cancer cells to evade immunosurveillance, facilitating their proliferation and dissemination. Dendritic cells (DCs) are required for the detection, processing, and presentation of tumor antigens, and subsequently for the activation of antigen‐specific T cells to orchestrate an effective antitumor response. Notably, successful tumors have evolved mechanisms to disrupt and impair DC functions, underlining the key role of tumor‐induced DC dysfunction in promoting tumor growth, metastasis initiation, and treatment resistance. Conventional DC type 2 (cDC2) are highly prevalent in tumors and have been shown to present high phenotypic and functional plasticity in response to tumor‐released environmental cues. This plasticity reverberates on both the development of antitumor responses and on the efficacy of immunotherapies in cancer patients. Uncovering the processes, mechanisms, and mediators by which CRC shapes and disrupts cDC2 functions is crucial to restoring their full antitumor potential.In this study, we use our recently developed 3D DC‐tumor co‐culture system to investigate how patient‐derived primary and metastatic CRC organoids modulate cDC2 phenotype and function. We first demonstrate that our collagen‐based system displays extensive interaction between cDC2 and tumor organoids. Interestingly, we show that tumor‐corrupted cDC2 shift toward a CD14+ population with defective expression of maturation markers, an intermediate phenotype positioned between cDC2 and monocytes, and impaired T‐cell activating abilities. This phenotype aligns with the newly defined DC3 (CD14+ CD1c+ CD163+) subset. Remarkably, a comparable population was found to be present in tumor lesions and enriched in the peripheral blood of metastatic CRC patients. Moreover, using EP2 and EP4 receptor antagonists and an anti‐IL‐6 neutralizing antibody, we determined that the observed phenotype shift is partially mediated by PGE2 and IL‐6. Importantly, our system holds promise as a platform for testing therapies aimed at preventing or mitigating tumor‐induced DC dysfunction. Overall, our study offers novel and relevant insights into cDC2 (dys)function in CRC that hold relevance for the design of therapeutic approaches.