bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducible and efficient separation of aggregatable zein proteins by CZE using a volatile background electrolyte
Authors: Erny Guillaume L. , Marina Maria Luisa , Cifuentes Alejandro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractZein proteins are a complex mixture of polypetides that belong to the alcohol‐soluble storage proteins group (prolamines) in corn. These proteins constitute about 50–60% of the total endosperm protein and are classified in different groups on the basis of differences in their solubility and sequence. Among them, zein proteins are considered the majority group showing a high tendency to aggregate what makes their analysis by any analytical method very difficult. Thus, CZE of these proteins requires the use of very complex BGEs noncompatible with online ESI‐MS analysis. The aim of this work was to find a new BGE for the CZE separation of zein protein fully compatible with ESI‐MS while providing further light on the complex CZE separation of aggregatable proteins. Thus, it is demonstrated in this work that efficient and reproducible CZE separations of zein proteins can be achieved by using a BGE composed of water, ACN, formic acid and ammonium hydroxide. Besides, it is shown that zein analysis is significantly improved by including the effect of an ammonium gradient during their separation. It is experimentally verified that the ammonium gradient can easily be achieved in CZE by either working with a sample zone with a low concentration of ammonium and a BGE with a high concentration, or conversely, working with a sample zone with high ammonium concentration and a BGE with low concentration of ammonium, giving rise in both cases to a significant improvement in the CZE separation of these proteins. It is demonstrated that this procedure can give rise to efficiency improvements of up to 20‐fold in the CZE separation of zein proteins. Under optimized conditions, 20 proteins could be separated with average efficiencies higher than 400 000 theoretical plates/m. Some possible explanations of this effect are discussed including stacking, protein‐capillary wall adsorption, protein solubility and protein–salt interactions.
CE frontal analysis employing contactless conductivity detection for determination of CMCs of non‐UV absorbing charged surfactants
Authors: Jensen Henrik , Østergaard Jesper , Hansen Steen H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMicellar systems composed of surfactants are used extensively in academia and industry for many different applications. In this work a highly versatile CE method for determination of CMCs of charged surfactants has been developed. In the case of positively charged surfactants a coating procedure of the fused‐silica capillary was used, whereas negatively charged surfactants were analyzed using uncoated capillaries. The CE method is based on frontal analysis (FA) employing use of contactless conductivity and UV detection. The main advantages of the method are that it can be used for non‐UV absorbing surfactants without introducing marker compounds which previously has been found to affect CMCs, requires very limited sample volume and is easily implemented and automated using standard CE equipment. The fact that counterions and different aggregated states are separated allows a detailed characterization of the micelle systems using the developed method. In the case of UV absorbing surfactants similar results were obtained employing contactless conductivity and UV detection. Finally, CMCs obtained using conductometry gave similar results as compared to the developed CE‐FA procedure.
Fitting copulas to bivariate earthquake data: the seismic gap hypothesis revisited
Authors: Nikoloulopoulos Aristidis K. , Karlis Dimitris 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe seismic gap hypothesis assumes that the intensity of an earthquake and the time elapsed from the previous one are positively related. Previous works on this topic were based on particular assumptions for the joint distribution implying specific type of dependence. We investigate this hypothesis using copulas. Copulas are flexible for modelling the dependence structure far from assuming simple linear correlation structures and, thus, allow for better examination of this controversial aspect of geophysical research. In fact, via copulas, marginal properties and dependence structure can be separated. We propose a model averaging approach in order to allow for model uncertainty and diminish the effect of the choice of a particular copula. This enlarges the range of potential dependence structures that can be investigated. Application to a real data set is provided. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication and evaluation of a portable long‐throated flume
Authors: Raza Ali , Latif Muhammad , Nabi Ghulam 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study was conducted to test the performance of a locally fabricated portable long‐throated flume. Flow was measured over a range of 5–70 l s−1 and sharp crested v‐notch weir was used as a reference device. The measured flow was compared with a theoretical rating table generated by WinFlume software for a flume of same specification. The results indicate a difference of −0.20 to +2.04% between the measured and theoretical flow rates. The theoretical rating tables are generated with an error limit of ±2%, therefore the results are acceptable. The results of this study confirmed that portable long‐throated flumes are reliable and can be easily designed, by using the publicly available WinFlume software, and could be fabricated to suit local requirements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impacts locaux attendus de l'augmentation du CO2 dans l'atmosphère sur la productivité de l'eau du maïs dans la Drôme, France
Authors: González‐Camacho Juan Manuel , Mailhol Jean Claude , Ruget Françoise 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study was conducted to assess local impacts of doubling of the rate of atmospheric CO2 (660 ppm) on irrigation demand and maize crop water productivity in the Drôme valley (SE France). This region is characterised by severe water shortages in the summer season. A comparison of historical records, between the periods of 1990–2001 and 1960–89, shows that in July, the mean temperature increased by 2 °C and the river stream flow diminished by 16%. At peak periods, the maize irrigation requirements represent 80% of the seasonal irrigation demand. The ARPEGE‐CLIMAT atmospheric model, regionalised at high resolution on the Rhône catchment, was used to calculate monthly climate variations. For a doubled rate of CO2, in July, an increase of 4 °C in average temperature and a decrease of 30% of rainfall are expected. Monthly climate variations were introduced into the stochastic weather generator LARS‐WG to simulate local daily climate scenarios for present (1 × CO2) and future (2 × CO2) climates. Then, the STICS crop model was applied to simulate the direct and indirect effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 on irrigation demand and maize crop production. Several simulation conditions, such as soil types, sowing dates and water stress levels, were studied for current climate and future climate scenarios. Principal results show that global warming increases water irrigation demand by 14%; lowers the maize cultivation cycle by 20%; and reduces the yield by 15%. On the other hand, a direct increase in CO2 concentration induces an average yield increase of 18%; these opposite effects balance the maize yield. The maize crop water productivity increases by 13% but it depends greatly on the water stress level. Similarly, earlier sowing dates allow earlier irrigation and a reduction of the water application depth by 40 mm in peak water demand periods and low water availability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
STAT‐mediated EGFR signaling in cancer
Authors: Quesnelle Kelly M. , Boehm Amanda L. , Grandis Jennifer R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are commonly expressed and activated in many malignancies. EGFR is an upstream activator of several pathways involved in tumor progression, and STATs activate selected genes involved in oncogenesis. There are several different mechanisms by which STAT proteins can mediate intracellular EGFR signaling, including direct activation of STATs by EGFR binding and indirect activation of STATs through Src‐mediated EGFR signaling. EGFR likely activates STAT in a manner distinctive from other mechanisms of STAT activation; STAT5 can be phosphorylated in an EGF‐dependent manner at unique sites, conferring novel functions. Cumulative evidence suggests that targeting EGFR signaling pathways at several levels may demonstrate synergistic therapeutic effects compared with targeting the upstream receptor alone. Thus, methods to inhibit EGFR in conjunction with oncogenic STATs may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for cancers characterized by upregulation of EGFR signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 311–319, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High glucose induced translocation of Aquaporin8 to chicken hepatocyte plasma membrane: Involvement of cAMP, PI3K/Akt, PKC, MAPKs, and microtubule
Authors: Suh Han Na , Lee Sang Hun , Lee Min Young , Heo Jung Sun , Lee Yu Jin , Han Ho Jae 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAquaporin8 (AQP8) is a transmembrane water channel that is found mainly in hepatocytes. The direct involvement of AQP8 in high glucose condition has not been established. Therefore, this study examined the effects of high glucose on AQP8 and its related signal pathways in primary cultured chicken hepatocytes. High glucose increased the movement of AQP8 from the intracellular membrane to plasma membrane in a 30 mM glucose concentration and in a time‐ (≥10 min) dependent manner. On the other hand, 30 mM mannitol did not affect the translocation of AQP8, which suggested the absence of osmotic effect. Thirty millimolar glucose increased intracellular cyclic adenosine 3, 5‐monophosphate (cAMP) level. Moreover, high glucose level induced Akt phosphorylation, protein kinase C (PKC) activation, p44/42 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p38 MAPK, and c‐jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. On the other hand, inhibition of each pathway by SQ 22536 (adenylate cyclase inhibitor), LY 294002 (PI3‐K phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase inhibitor), Akt inhibitor, staurosporine (PKC inhibitor), PD 98059 (MEK inhibitor), SB 203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), or SP 600125 (JNK inhibitor) blocked 30 mM glucose‐induced AQP8 translocation, respectively. In addition, inhibition of microtubule movement with nocodazole blocked high glucose‐induced AQP8 translocation. High glucose level also increased the level of kinesin light chain and dynein protein expression. In conclusion, high glucose level stimulates AQP8 via cAMP, PI3‐K/Akt, PKC, and MAPKs pathways in primary cultured chicken hepatocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1089–1100, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeting by myosin phosphatase‐RhoA interacting protein mediates RhoA/ROCK regulation of myosin phosphatase
Authors: Riddick Nadeene , Ohtani Ken‐ichi , Surks Howard K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractVascular smooth muscle cell contractile state is the primary determinant of blood vessel tone. Vascular smooth muscle cell contractility is directly related to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLCs), which in turn is tightly regulated by the opposing activities of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and myosin phosphatase. Myosin phosphatase is the principal enzyme that dephosphorylates MLCs leading to relaxation. Myosin phosphatase is regulated by both vasoconstrictors that inhibit its activity to cause MLC phosphorylation and contraction, and vasodilators that activate its activity to cause MLC dephosphorylation and relaxation. The RhoA/ROCK pathway is activated by vasoconstrictors to inhibit myosin phosphatase activity. The mechanism by which RhoA and ROCK are localized to and interact with myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) is not well understood. We recently found a new member of the myosin phosphatase complex, myosin phosphatase‐rho interacting protein, that directly binds to both RhoA and the myosin‐binding subunit of myosin phosphatase in vitro, and targets myosin phosphatase to the actinomyosin contractile filament in smooth muscle cells. Because myosin phosphatase‐rho interacting protein binds both RhoA and MLCP, we investigated whether myosin phosphatase‐rho interacting protein was required for RhoA/ROCK‐mediated myosin phosphatase regulation. Myosin phosphatase‐rho interacting protein silencing prevented LPA‐mediated myosin‐binding subunit phosphorylation, and inhibition of myosin phosphatase activity. Myosin phosphatase‐rho interacting protein did not regulate the activation of RhoA or ROCK in vascular smooth muscle cells. Silencing of M‐RIP lead to loss of stress fiber‐associated RhoA, suggesting that myosin phosphatase‐rho interacting protein is a scaffold linking RhoA to regulate myosin phosphatase at the stress fiber. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1158–1170, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Defining ETS transcription regulatory networks and their contribution to breast cancer progression
Authors: Turner David P. , Findlay Victoria J. , Moussa Omar , Watson Dennis K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractETS factors are members of one of the largest families of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors, regulating critical functions in normal cell homeostasis, that when perturbed contribute to tumor progression. The well documented alterations in ETS factor expression and function during breast cancer progression result in pleiotropic effects manifested by the downstream effect on their target genes. Multiple ETS factors bind to the same regulatory sites present on target genes, suggesting redundant or competitive functions. Furthermore, additional events contribute to, or may be necessary for, target gene regulation. In order to advance our understanding of the ETS‐dependent regulation of breast cancer progression and metastasis, this prospect article puts forward a model for examining the effects of simultaneous expression of multiple transcription factors on the transcriptome of non‐metastatic and metastatic breast cancer. Compared to existing RNA profiles defined following expression of individual transcription factors, the anti‐ and pro‐metastatic signatures obtained by examining specific ETS regulatory networks will significantly improve our ability to accurately predict tumor progression and advance our understanding of gene regulation in cancer. Coordination of multiple ETS gene functions also mediates interactions between tumor and stromal cells and thus contributes to the cancer phenotype. As such, these new insights may provide a novel view of the ETS gene family as well as a focal point for studying the complex biological control involved in tumor progression. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 549–559, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chorioangioma of placenta: Sonographic features
Authors: Taori Kishor , Patil Parag , Attarde Vinod , Singh Arpita , Rangankar Varsha 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChorioangioma is a benign vascular tumor of the placenta arising from primitive chorionic mesenchyme. Large (>4 cm) chorioangiomas are much rarer and are often associated with maternal and/or fetal complications. We describe the sonographic features of a large placental chorioangioma with normal outcome. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Sonographic examination of the appendix in acute infectious enteritis and acute appendicitis
Authors: Yabunaka Koichi , Katsuda Toshizo , Sanada Shigeru , Yatake Hidetoshi , Fukutomi Tsunemasa 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPurposeTo use transabdominal sonography to determine the frequency of visualization of the adult normal appendix in patients with suspected acute infectious enteritis (AIE) compared with patients with acute appendicitis (AA) and a control group.MethodsA total of 296 patients divided into 3 different groups underwent sonographic examination, including 120 randomly selected asymptomatic patients, 91 consecutive patients with AIE, and 85 consecutive patients with AA. In the 3 groups, visualization rate, outer appendiceal diameter, presence or absence of inflamed periappendiceal fat, and location of the appendix were recorded.ResultsThe visualization rates of the appendix were 49.2%, 70.3%, and 96.5% for the control, AIE, and AA groups, respectively (P < 0.05). The mean ± SD outer appendiceal diameters for the 3 groups were 4.5 ± 1.2 mm, 4.5 ± 1.4 mm, and 7.9 ± 2.0 mm, respectively. The difference between outer appendiceal diameter in the control and AIE groups was not statistically significant. Periappendiceal inflamed fat was detected in all AA cases, but in none of the AIE cases.ConclusionThe appendix was visualized more often in patients with AIE than in the control group, although the outer appendiceal diameter of the AIE group was not significantly different from that of the normal appendix seen in the control group. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Mixed lagrange time delay estimation autoregressive Wiener filter application for real‐time SEM image enhancement
Authors: Sim K.S. , Law K.K. , Tso C.P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new filter is developed for the enhancement of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. A mixed Lagrange time delay estimation auto‐regression (MLTDEAR)‐based interpolator is used to provide an estimate of noise variance to a standard Wiener filter. A variety of images are captured and the performance of the filter is shown to surpass the conventional noise filters. As all the information required for processing is extracted from a single image, this method is not constrained by image registration requirements and thus can be applied in real‐time in cases where specimen drift is presented in the SEM image. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface imaging microscopy using an ultramiller for large volume 3D reconstruction of wax‐ and resin‐embedded tissues
Authors: Gerneke Dane A. , Sands Gregory B. , Ganesalingam Ramanujan , Joshi Purva , Caldwell Bryan J. , Smaill Bruce H. , Legrice Ian J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThree‐dimensional reconstruction of large tissue volumes using histological thin sections poses difficulties because of registration of sections, section distortion, and the possibility of incomplete data set collection due to section loss. We have constructed an integrated surface imaging system that successfully addresses these problems. Embedded tissue is mounted on a high precision XYZ stage and the upper surface is iteratively: (i) stained to provide an effective optical section, (ii) imaged using a digital camera, and (iii) removed with an ultramiller. This approach provides for the reconstruction of high‐quality 3D images by inherently preserving image registration, eliminates section distortion, thus removing the need for complex realignment and correction, and also ensures full capture of all image planes. The system has the capacity to acquire images of tissue structure with voxel sizes from 0.5 to 50 μm over dimensions ranging from micrometers to tens of millimeters. The ultramiller enables large samples to be imaged by reliably removing tissue over their full extent. The ability to visualize key features of 3D tissue structure across such a range of scale and resolution will facilitate the development of a greater understanding of the relationship between structure and function. This understanding is essential for better analyses of the structural changes associated with different disease states, and the development of structure‐based computer models of biological function. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The GABAergic‐like system in the marine demosponge Chondrilla nucula
Authors: Ramoino Paola , Gallus Lorenzo , Paluzzi Silvio , Raiteri Luca , Diaspro Alberto , Fato Marco , Bonanno Giambattista , Tagliafierro Grazia , Ferretti Cristina , Manconi Renata 
Published: July 2007

AbstractGamma‐amino butyric acid (GABA) is believed to be the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, a function that has been extended to a number of invertebrate systems. The presence of GABA in the marine demosponge Chondrilla nucula was verified using immunofluorescence detection and high‐pressure liquid chromatography. A strong GABA‐like immunoreactivity (IR) was found associated with choanocytes, exopinacocytes, endopinacocytes lining inhalant, and exhalant canals, as well as in archaeocytes scattered in the mesohyl. The capacity to synthesize GABA from glutamate and to transport it into the vesicles was confirmed by the presence in C. nucula of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and vesicular GABA transporters (vGATs), respectively. GAD‐like and vGAT‐like IR show the same distribution as GABA‐like IR. Supporting the similarity between sponge and mammalian proteins, bands with an apparent molecular weight of about 65–67 kDa and 57 kDa were detected using antibodies raised against mammalian GAD and vGAT, respectively. A functional metabotropic GABAB‐like receptor is also present in C. nucula. Indeed, both GABAB R1 and R2 isoforms were detected by immunoblot and immunofluorescence. Also in this case, IR was found in choanocytes, exopinacocytes, and endopinacocytes. The content of GABA in C. nucula amounts to 1225.75 ± 79 pmol/mg proteins and GABA is released into the medium when sponge cells are depolarized. In conclusion, this study is the first indication of the existence of the GABA biosynthetic enzyme GAD and of the GABA transporter vGAT in sponges, as well as the first demonstration that the neurotransmitter GABA is released extracellularly. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioimaging TOF‐SIMS: High resolution 3D imaging of single cells
Authors: Nygren Håkan , Hagenhoff Birgit , Malmberg Per , Nilsson Mikael , Richter Katrin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe distribution of phosphocholine ions (m/z 184, m/z 86), sodium ions, and potassium ions in thyroid tumor cells was analyzed by imaging TOF‐SIMS. Repeated sputtering with a C source and subsequent analysis with a Bi gun produced a series of 138 images that were stacked to make a 3D display of the chemistry of cells. Phosphocholine was seen in the plasma membrane (m/z 184) and intracellular membranes (m/z 86). The different fragmentation of the phospholipid probably reflects the chemical composition of membranes at these sites. High intensity of secondary ion signals of potassium was seen in membrane‐encompassed cellular compartments. The data indicate that potassium ions are compartmentalized in thyroid tumor cells. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for ciliary pigment localization in colored ciliates and implications for their photosensory transduction chain: A confocal microscopy study
Authors: Colombetti Giuliano , Checcucci Giovanni , Lucia Sabina , Usai Cesare , Ramoino Paola , Bianchini Paolo , Pesce Mattia , Vicidomini Giuseppe , Diaspro Alberto 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this study we report for the first time the localization of a photoreceptor pigment in the cilia of the colored heterotrich ciliates Blepharisma japonicum red and blue form, Fabrea salina, and Stentor coeruleus, as result of a confocal microscopy investigation. Optical sectioning confocal microscopy has been used for studying the spatial distribution of the pigment in the cell body, surprisingly showing that, besides its expected presence in the cortical region immediately below the cell membrane, it is located in the cilia too. In order to ascertain possible differences in the pigment fluorescence properties along the cell body, we have measured emission spectra from different parts of it (anterior, posterior, and cilia). Our results clearly indicate that in all cases the spectra are the same, within experimental errors. Finally, we have evaluated the pigment relative fluorescence efficiency of these ciliates. In an ordered scale from lower to greater efficiency, we have S. coeruleus, B. japonicum blue, B. japonicum red, and F. salina. The possible implications of our findings for the process of photosensory transduction are discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.