bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religion online: The shaping of multidimensional interpretations of muslimhood on Maroc.nl
Authors: Summeren Cindy van 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The present study shows that the Internet functions as a gratifying context for the exchange of knowledge and values related to religious matters among youngsters (primarily Moroccan) in the Netherlands; they are in the midst of constructing a religious identity. Systematic content analysis complemented by qualitative research was carried out on Maroc.nl, a discussion forum primarily aimed at Moroccan youth. Inspired by Kemper's (1996) definitions of experiencing Islam, the recurrence of six dimensions of religious experience (i. e., the ritual, ideological, consequential, experiential, intellectual, and social) was looked into in 1,354 online messages. The purpose of this study is to gain insight into the nature and the relative visibility of each of these dimensions in the online discussions under study. In addition, a number of context-bound and issue-related characteristics of the message were assessed through qualitative analysis, in an effort to find out what key issues were mainly dealt with, what normative statements were made, and how the informants related to one another.
Direct method for the determination of phenolic hydroxyl groups in pulp
Authors: Liitiä Tiina , Tamminen Tarja 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFor evaluation of changes in phenolic lignin units during kraft pulping and bleaching, a direct method based on UV reflectance measurements of pulp handsheets was tested. Similar trends in total phenolic hydroxyl-group contents were evident when UV reflectance results for isolated lignins and pulp sheets were compared. This direct method gave reliable results after alkaline cooking, oxygen delignification, and bleaching stages followed by alkaline extraction (DE, ZE). However, the phenolic content obtained after peroxide bleaching (QP) was over-estimated. This may be due to alkali-induced reactions during pH adjustment of the sheets for measurement concomitant with ionisation of the phenolic hydroxyl groups. Otherwise, this direct method based on UV reflectance measurements is a promising new approach for determining the total content of phenolic lignin units in pulp sheets without isolating the lignin.
Interface Pressures Produced by Two Different Types of Lymphedema Therapy Devices
Authors: Mayrovitz Harvey N 
Published: August 2007

Background and Purpose
Sequential compression is used to manage lymphedema, but little is known about pressures delivered to the therapeutic targets. This study characterized actual pressures delivered by a traditional compression pump (Lympha Press [LP]) and one using an alternate compression pattern (Flexitouch [FT]).

Subjects
Ten adults who were healthy volunteered to participate in the study.

Methods
Pressure-time along the forearm was measured using a 256–pressure sensor array during the pressure cycling of each device. Device assessments were separated by at least 48 hours.

Results
Pressure patterns and magnitudes produced by the 2 devices differed considerably. The FT pressure pattern displayed a rapid rise and fall, progressing from the wrist toward the elbow. The LP pressure rose slower and was sustained at a higher level during its inflation cycle. Pressures delivered with the LP were significantly greater than those delivered with the FT.

Discussion and Conclusion
The pressure patterns and magnitudes on treated limbs depend on the device. These differences should be considered before selecting a device for a specific patient.
Why do captive tufted capuchins (Cebus apella) urine wash?
Authors: Miller Kimran E. , Laszlo Katalin , Suomi Stephen J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractUrine washing (UW) has been observed in numerous species of prosimians and New World monkeys. The functional significance of UW in Cebidae, specifically, Cebus apella, has not been determined. The objective of our study was to test two major hypotheses related to the function of UW: (1) UW functions as a thermoregulatory mechanism, and (2) UW functions as a means of social communication related to (a) territoriality, (b) sexual encounters, or (c) intragroup aggression/agitation. We collected focal data on a captive group of 28 tufted capuchins (C. apella; July–October 2004 and February–July 2005). We found no significant correlation between UW rates and temperature, at a constant, moderate humidity level. Rates of UW were significantly greater outdoors (no conspecific neighbors) vs. indoors (conspecific neighbors). Qualitative evidence suggests a relationship between UW by the alpha male and sexual solicitations from females. UW rates associated with aggression received were significantly higher than UW rates associated with aggression given and UW rates associated with potential fear/stress. There was also a significant negative correlation between cortisol measures and UW frequencies. Our results suggest that UW does not function in thermoregulation or in territorial communication. Alternatively, our results suggest that UW may be associated with sexual encounters and receiving aggression. Additionally, further investigation is warranted to determine whether UW is used as an appeasement mechanism or as a stress reliever or as both. Am. J. Primatol. 70:119–126, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alcohol consumption and risk for stroke among Chinese men
Authors: Bazzano Lydia A. , Gu Dongfeng , Reynolds Kristi , Wu Xiqui , Chen Chiung‐Shiuan , Duan Xiufang , Chen Jing , Wildman Rachel P. , Klag Michael J. , He Jiang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectiveStroke is a leading cause of death and long‐term disability in China. The objective of this study was to examine the relation between alcohol consumption and risk for stroke among Chinese men.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study among 64,338 Chinese men aged ≥40 years who were free of stroke at baseline. Data on frequency and type of alcohol consumed were collected at the baseline examination in 1991 using a standard protocol. Follow‐up evaluation was conducted in 1999 to 2000, which included determining vital status, interviewing participants or proxies, and obtaining hospital and medical records for incident and fatal strokes.ResultsOver the course of 493,351 person‐years of follow‐up, we documented 3,434 incident strokes (1,848 stroke deaths). After adjustment for age, body mass index, physical activity, urbanization (urban vs rural), geographic variation (north vs south), cigarette smoking, history of diabetes, and education, compared with nondrinkers, relative risk (95% confidence interval) of incident stroke was 0.92 (0.80–1.06) for participants consuming 1 to 6 drinks/week, 1.02 (0.93–1.13) for those consuming 7 to 20 drinks/week, 1.22 (1.07–1.38) for those consuming 21 to 34 drinks/week, and 1.22 (1.08–1.37) for those consuming 35 or more drinks per week (p for linear trend < 0.0001). The corresponding relative risks for stroke mortality were 0.93 (0.76–1.14), 0.98 (0.85–1.13), 1.15 (0.95–1.38), and 1.30 (1.11–1.52), respectively (p for linear trend = 0.0004; p for quadratic trend = 0.03).InterpretationThese results suggest that heavy alcohol drinking may increase the risk for stroke in Chinese men and should be the target of strategies for prevention. Ann Neurol 2007
LBT: Its Instrumentation and Key Science Projects
Authors: Herbst Tom , Strassmeier Klaus G. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractB25 The site testing for the Thirty Meter Telescope and its potential role in developing the shortterm forecasting of observing conditionsB34 LUCIFER: a NIR Spectrograph and Imager for the LBTB41 PEPSI: the Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument for the Large Binocular TelescopeB44 LUCIFER: High Redshift Science CasesB49 Feedback in galaxy cores: a LBT Key Science Project proposalB52 SERPIL/LIINUS: a design study for a Near‐Infrared Interferometric Integral Field Spectrometer for the LBTB64 The Construction of the Large Binocular TelescopeB73 Operating the LUCIFER InstrumentB85 M92 – a crucial testbed for atomic diffusion and mixing in starsB142 The Large Binocular Camera at LBTB148 LUCIFER and its Exposure‐Time‐CalculatorB196 The Multi‐Object Double Spectrograph and Nulling Interferometer for the Large Binocular TelescopeB199 The Laser Guide Star Facility for the LBTB231 The PEPSI “deep spectrum” projectB236 Zeeman‐Doppler imaging from Stokes IQUV line profilesB257 D3Dnet: getting ready for MUSE, a 2nd Generation Instrument for the VLT
The Evolution of the Interstellar Medium over Cosmic Time
Authors: Walter Fabian , Bertoldi Frank 
Published: August 2007

AbstractC23 UV spectroscopy of the PG1159‐type star NGC7094C26 Variations of the radio synchrotron spectral index in the interstellar medium of M33C38 Angular Momentum Evolution of Young Brown Dwarfs and Low Mass StarsC48 The radio halo of the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253C95 Signatures of early metal enrichment in Damped‐Lyman Alpha systemsC113 CO 4 → 3 and [CI] 1 → 0 in the centers of NGC4945 and CircinusC115 Ratio of atomic and molecular gas and gravitational stabilty in the disk of M51C130 The Interstellar Mediumat Early Cosmic Times: Molecular Gas in Distant Quasar Host GalaxiesC188 Probing the interstellar medium in distant galaxies with SPICA/ESIC191 The evolution of spectral energy distributions of galaxies over cosmic timesC197 Observations of 60Fe in the Galaxy with INTEGRAL/SPIC204 Evolution of Interstellar Clouds in a hot Gas EnvironmentC205 The effect of clouds in a galactic wind on the evolution of gas‐rich dwarf galaxiesC206 Energy and element deposit into the interstellar medium during the lives of massive starsC209 The distribution and kinematics of massive stars in the inner Galaxy mapped with SPI/INTEGRAL 26Al 1.8 MeV line observationsC213 PDR modelling of the Galactic FIR line emissionC239 Towards a complete picture of the molecular ISM in local Luminous Infrared Galaxies: first results from the JCMT/IRAM line surveyC242 The Search for the Very High‐redshift Tail of Submillimeter Galaxies
Numerical Astrophysics
Authors: Klingenberg Christian 
Published: August 2007

AbstractE119 3D Simulations of Weakly Magnetized Accretion DisksE147 The MRI in stratified accretion discsE212 Comparison between observed and simulated globular clustersE219 Presentation of simulation results of our 3D PIC CodeE244 MAGMA: A 3D Lagrangian hydrodynamics codeE254 FEARLESS – A new modelling approach for turbulent astrophysical flowsE256 Cosmic ray transport in MHD turbulence: Numerical calculation of Dμμ (μ) and Dμμ (p)E261 FEARLESS modeling of turbulent flows applied to numerical simulations of galaxy clustersE264 FEARLESS – Subgrid Scale Turbulence modeling and Applications to Star Formation
Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Haas Martin , Biermann Peter , Chini Rolf , Heidt Jochen , Kollatschny Wolfram , Meusinger Helmut , Siebenmorgen Ralf 
Published: August 2007

AbstractF11 Jets, supernovae, gammabursts – more light for theory?F35 A Direct Comparison of the QSO Samples from VPMS and SDSSF36 Gravitational Microlensing Simulations and Ensemble Broad‐Band Variability of the QSOs from VPMSF42 Luminosity function of low redshift quasarsF43 Star Formation around Active Galactic Nuclei – Results from near infrared observationsF58 High‐Redshift Quasars as Probes of Early Star FormationF66 On the dust emission of Seyfert nucleiF72 Propagation of Very Light MHD JetsF78 Giant Outflows in MassiveHigh‐z Radio Galaxies: Direct Evidence for AGNFeedback in the Early UniverseF89 Lowfrequency mapping of ‘normal’ FR II radio galaxies: Resolving the puzzle of X‐shaped radio sourcesF90 Nature of X‐shaped radio sources: A statistical approachF100 Cosmological growth of Supermassive Black Holes: constraints on kinetic and radiative energy feedbackF107 Molecular Tori in AGNF136 Electron‐Ion Recombination Rate Coefficients of Iron M‐Shell Ions for X‐Ray AstronomyF139 Hydrodynamic models of obscuring toriF145 The unique BL Lac Object S5 0716+714F158 On the Cluster Environment of the BL Lac Object OJ 287F179 The circumnuclear dust in nearby AGN resolved by mid‐infrared interferometryF184 NIR‐imaging of SDSS BL Lac objectsF190 Blazar Observations in the TeV energy range with the MAGIC TelescopeF198 Gas Inflow Rates in Nearby AGN GalaxiesF202 Two zone SSC model for blazar jetsF215 Long‐termVHE γ ‐ray monitoring of bright blazars with a dedicated telescopeF218 Long termmonitoring of bright TeV Blazars with the MAGIC telescopeF220 Fifteen Blazars in Very‐High Energy Gamma Rays: A Comparative StudyF229 Numerical calculation of blazar spectra. Application to 1 ES 1218+30.4F230 Blazar spectral energy distributions corrected for gamma ray attenuationF240 Observation of PG 1553+113 with the MAGIC TelescopeF243 VHE Gamma‐Ray Flare of PKS2155‐304 detected by the MAGIC telescopeF245 Observations of 3C279 with the MAGIC TelescopeF258 Diffraction limited near infrared imaging spectroscopy of the NLR of NGC4151
Dark Matter and Neutrinos
Authors: Jochum Josef 
Published: August 2007

AbstractH86 Core‐Collapse Supernovae: Neutrinos, Explosion Mechanism, and Pulsar KicksH141 Indirect Dark Matter Search In Dwarf GalaxiesH143 Electrostatic spectrometers of KATRINH144 The tritiumsource of KATRINH146 Status of the KATRIN experimentH149 Axions in the CAST aeraH151 The EDELWEISS‐2 Dark Matter SearchH152 Simulation of muon‐induced neutron background in EDELWEISSH155 CRESST StatusH161 A Trigger for the Double Chooz Reactor Neutrino ExperimentH162 Status of GERDA – Neutrinoless Double Beta DecayH175 New Laboratory Experiments Searching for Axion‐Like ParticlesH178 Cosmic ray induced background at the KATRIN experiment and its preventionH201 The X‐ray telescope of the CAST experiment at CERNH238 Structure formation close to the cut‐off in the matter power spectrum
Dark Energy in the Universe
Authors: Bartelmann Matthias 
Published: August 2007

AbstractI 24 Studying the Nature of Dark Energy with Galaxy ClustersI 50 Constraining Dark Energy via Baryon Acoustic OscillationsI 65 Constraining Dark Energy with Redshift SurveysI 103 Dark Energy: Necessity, Models and ExpectationsI 177 Searching for galaxy clusters through weak lensing, X‐rays and the SZ observationsI 181 SNIa and Dark Energy
Special Colloquium on the History of Astronomy
Authors: Wolfschmidt Gudrun 
Published: August 2007

AbstractJ 17 Development of Radioastronomy – prehistory and the first decadesJ 18 Hyades and Pleiades as a kind of “clock” in the astronomy of archaic cultures – The function and representation of these open clusters in prehistoric and protohistoric time as well as among indigenous peopleJ 19 A Pioneer of the Theory of Stellar Spectra – Radó von KövesligethyJ 59 The Sky in the World View of the Australian AborginesJ 60 X‐ray astronomy in Germany – the successful establishment of a new field of scienceJ 61 Erich Schoenberg (1882–1965) – Early Scientific Career in Tartu (Dorpat) (1907 to 1918)J 62 IUE – Also Pioneering Observing and Archiving StrategiesJ 63 The Bronze Age Astronomy – a hypothetical ModelJ 67 Pre‐Euclidean geometry on the sky disk of Nebra?J 68 Astronomical Orientation of aWest Hallstatt Burial ChamberJ 84 On the Orientation of Megalithic Tombs in Northern GermanyJ 214 Astronomic‐statistical Analysis of Circular Symbols on Golden Hats (Bronze Age)
Comparison of four methods for the estimation of intracranial volume: A gold standard study
Authors: Sahin B. , Acer N. , Sonmez O.F. , Emirzeoglu M. , Basaloglu H. , Uzun A. , Bilgic S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractInvestigators can infer how much reduction in volume has occurred since brain volume was at its peak, by combining measures of brain volume with measures of intracranial volume (ICV). Several methodologies have been proposed to asses the ICV. However, we have not seen a gold‐standard study evaluating the results of the methodologies for the assessment of ICV. In the present study, the actual intracranial volume of 20 dry skulls was measured using the water‐filling method, using this as a gold standard. Anthropometry, cephalometry, point‐counting, and planimetry techniques were applied to the same skulls to estimate the ICV. Anthropometric and cephalometric measurements were carried out directly on skulls and roentgenograms, respectively. Consecutive computed tomography sections at a thickness of 10 mm were used to estimate the ICV of the skulls by means of the point‐counting and planimetry methods. The mean (±SD) of the actual ICV measured by the water‐filling method was 1,262.0 ± 160.4 cm3 (1,389.5 ± 96.5 cm3 for males and 1,134.5 ± 94.3 cm3 for females, respectively). Our results showed that the estimated values obtained by all four methods differed from the actual volumes of the skulls (P < 0.05). The data obtained by anthropometry resulted in overestimation. However, cephalometry, point‐counting, and planimetry methods produced underestimation. After calibration, there were no significant differences between the actual volumes and the results of the four methods (P > 0.05). While the anthropometric method is easy and quick to apply, its result may deviate from the actual values. The optimized stereological techniques of point‐counting and planimetry methods may provide unbiased ICV results since they take the third dimension of the structures into account. Clin. Anat. 20:766–773, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preliminary observations on the microarchitecture of the human abdominal muscles
Authors: Woodley Stephanie J. , Duxson Marilyn J. , Mercer Susan R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPrecise knowledge of muscle architecture and innervation patterns is essential for the development of accurate clinical and biomechanical models. Although the gross anatomy of the human abdominal muscles has been investigated, the finer details of their microanatomy are not well described. Fascicles were systematically sampled from each of the human abdominal muscles, and small fiber bundles from selected fascicles stained with acetylcholinesterase to determine the location of motor endplate bands, myomyonal junctions, and myotendinous junctions. Statistical analysis was used to ascertain the association between fascicular length and number of endplate bands. The number of endplate bands along a fascicle was variable between different portions of each muscle, but was strongly correlated with fascicular length (r = 0.814). In fascicles less than 50 millimeters (mm) in length, only a single endplate band was generally present, while multiple endplate bands (usually two or three) were found in fascicles longer than 50 mm. The presence of myomyonal junctions throughout the longer (>50 mm) fascicles verified that they were composed of short, intrafascicularly terminating fibers, while shorter fascicles comprised fibers spanning the entire fascicular length. This preliminary study provides evidence that multiple endplate bands are contained in some regions of the abdominal muscles, an arrangement that differs from most human appendicular muscles. It is not clear whether the variations in the described fine architectural features reflect regional differences in muscle function. Clin. Anat. 20:808–813, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coracoid process anatomy: Implications in radiographic imaging and surgery
Authors: Bhatia Deepak N. , de Beer Joe F. , du Toit Donald F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe coracoid process forms an important part of scapular‐glenoid construct and is involved in many surgical procedures on the glenohumeral joint. The unique three‐dimensional orientation of each coracoid pillar makes radiographic imaging difficult. Congenital variations and minimal traumatic/iatrogenic changes in this orientation can predispose to subcoracoid impingement. We performed a quantitative and statistical analysis of the osseous anatomy of the coracoid process in 101 scapulae; the purpose was to determine the anatomical variations and gender‐specific differences in the length, breadth, thickness, vertical and horizontal projections, and triplane angulations of each individual coracoid pillar. All parameters were measured in reference to the glenoid plane to ensure surgical and radiological applicability. The mean dimensions of the inferior coracoid pillar were 31.1 × 16.6 × 9.9 mm and that of the superior coracoid pillar were 41.7 × 14.2 × 8.4 mm (medial)/6.6 mm (lateral). The mean maximal harvestable coracoid length measured 19.0 mm. The mean angular orientation of the inferior coracoid pillar, with reference to the glenoid, measured 51.2° (axial), 126.1° (sagittal), and 134.6° (coronal), and that of the superior coracoid pillar measured 146.1° (axial) with an interpillar angulation of 84.9° (axial). A statistically significant gender difference (P < 0.05) was found in the lengths, breadths, and projections of each coracoid pillar. We used data from this study to devise two new radiographic views (for imaging individual coracoid pillars), to calculate dimensions and orientation of internal fixation/prosthetic hardware during surgery, and conceptualize a geometric model to explain the role of measured parameters in coracoid impingement syndrome. Clin. Anat. 20:774–784, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unexpected motor axons in the distal superficial radial and posterior interosseous nerves: A cadaver study
Authors: Okwueze Martina I. , Cardwell Nancy L. , Wolfort Sean L. , Nanney Lillian B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of motor variations in the nerves supplying muscles of the first web space was evaluated by a visual dissection and immunohistochemical analysis from 56 cadaver hands. By microscopic visualization, 30% of the superficial radial nerves (SRNs) sent branches into muscles of the first web space. Since these unexpected penetrating branches were expected to be sensory or proprioceptive, markers of sensory and motor axons were used for confirmation. Positive identifications of motor axons (as identified by positive immunostaining for choline acetyltransferase) were made in 30% of SRNs and in 28.5% of posterior interosseous nerves. Classical teachings that the SRNs and PINs are exclusively sensory have been brought into question. Our data are in agreement with the rare clinical finding that motor function occasionally persists following devastating injury to both the ulnar and median nerves. Anatomic prevalence for this variation appears much higher than previous descriptions have indicated. Clin. Anat. 20:790–794, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An investigation into medical students' approaches to anatomy learning in a systems‐based prosection course
Authors: Smith Claire France , Mathias Haydn 
Published: August 2007

AbstractStudents' approaches to learning anatomy are driven by many factors and perceptions, e.g., the curriculum, assessment, previous educational experience, and the influence of staff and fellow students. However, there has been remarkably little research into characterizing how students approach their anatomy learning. What is known, based on a sample of 243 students, is that students studying medicine at the University of Southampton adopt primarily a “deep” approach to learning. Medical students at Southampton learn anatomy in a systems‐based curriculum through prosections. Analysis of data from an Approaches to Study Inventory (ASSIST) revealed that students preferred using a deep approach over a strategic or surface approach (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). They also adopted an increasingly strategic approach as they moved through the medical curriculum. There was a relationship between anatomy examination results and approach to learning. Students who adopted a strategic approach performed better (R = 0.266, P < 0.001). It is argued that curriculum design, including the form of assessment, is the key to promote effective anatomy education and the goal of deep and meaningful learning in preparation for professional practice. Clin. Anat. 20:843–848, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.