bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of wildlife rehabilitators regarding rabies vector species
Authors: Schopler Robert L. , Hall Aron J. , Cowen Peter 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the risks associated with
wildlife rehabilitation and the reemergence of wildlife
rabies in North Carolina through assessment of the
status of knowledge and attitudes of licensed in-state
wildlife rehabilitators about rabies and rabies vector
species (RVS).

Design—Questionnaire survey.

Sample Population—672 North Carolina licensed
wildlife rehabilitators registered in 1999.

Procedure—Wildlife rehabilitators were contacted by
mail to determine their status of knowledge and attitudes
regarding rabies and RVS. The questionnaire
was designed to determine rehabilitators' recent
experiences with RVS, attitudes toward regulations,
and knowledge of rabies virus transmission. Results
were analyzed by use of the χ2 test.

Results—Questionnaire responses were provided by
210 of the 672 (31.3%) wildlife rehabilitators. Among
rehabilitators, there were some inconsistencies in their
knowledge base regarding rabies (eg, 25% reported
that they did not know at what age animals were capable
of transmitting rabies virus). Most respondents
were amenable to all proposed licensing prerequisites
for handling RVS (ie, record keeping, additional training,
and veterinarian support). Respondents reported > 580
calls annually about rehabilitating RVS, and 80%
believed at least some of their peers were rehabilitating
RVS illegally.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—With the
establishment of rabies as a disease that is endemic
among wildlife species in North Carolina, educational
efforts directed at wildlife rehabilitators (a subpopulation
of residents potentially at high risk of rabies virus
infection) would have direct and indirect public health
benefits; similar efforts may be useful to public
health communities elsewhere in the United States.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;227:1568–1572)
Characterization of the use of antiemetic agents in dogs with parvoviral enteritis treated at a veterinary teaching hospital: 77 cases (1997–2000)
Authors: Mantione Nina L. , Otto Cynthia M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize the use of antiemetic agents in dogs with canine parvovirus (CPV)–associated enteritis in a veterinary teaching hospital.Design—Retrospective case series.Animals—77 dogs with CPV-associated enteritis.Procedure—Medical records of 560 dogs with confirmed CPV-associated enteritis that were admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital were reviewed. Exclusion criteria included vaccination against CPV infection within the preceding 2 weeks, hospitalization for < 24 hours or removal from the hospital against advice, or an incomplete record. Signalment, duration of hospitalization, and daily antiemetic administrations were assessed; WBC counts and clinical findings were used to classify dogs as having systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).Results—77 dogs were included in the study; 55 (71%) received antiemetics (53 received metoclopramide at least once). Seventy-one dogs survived, and 6 dogs died (all 6 received antiemetics). Compared with dogs that did not receive antiemetics, duration of hospitalization was significantly longer for antiemetictreated dogs. Daily values of rectal temperature and heart and respiratory rates did not predict administration of antiemetics or duration of hospitalization; however, compared with survivors, SIRS developed more frequently among nonsurvivors. Assessment of emetic events recorded hourly for 17 dogs indicated that antiemetic treatment did not control emesis.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Many dogs with CPV-associated enteritis had persistent vomiting despite antiemetic administration. The apparent difference in duration of hospitalization between antiemetic-treated dogs and other dogs may reflect a difference in disease severity between groups, although antiemetic-associated adverse events (eg, signs of depression, hypotension, and immune modulation) may prolong hospitalization. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:1787–1793)
Evaluation of survival rate and prognostic indicators for surgical treatment of left-to-right patent ductus arteriosus in dogs: 52 cases (1995–2003)
Authors: Bureau Stéphane , Monnet Eric , Orton E. Christopher 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine factors associated with long-term survival in dogs treated surgically for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).Design—Retrospective case series.Animals—52 dogs treated surgically for left-to-right shunting PDA.Procedure—Data pertaining to age, breed, sex, body weight, clinical examination findings, type and duration of medical treatment, results of thoracic radiography and echocardiography, and surgical and postoperative complications were collected from records. Follow-up information was obtained from medical records or telephone interviews with owners or referring veterinarians.Results—22 dogs had mitral valve regurgitation. Mean weight and age were not significantly different between dogs with or without mitral valve regurgitation. Twenty-four (46.2%) dogs had clinical signs related to cardiac insufficiency. Left atrial dilatation was observed in 56.3% of dogs that were radiographed. Sonographic imaging was used to diagnose left atrial dilatation in 23 dogs and left ventricular dilatation in 25 dogs. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 92% and 87%, respectively. Diagnosis of mitral valve regurgitation before surgery was not associated with the probability of survival. Age, weight, lethargy, preoperative treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and right atrial dilatation on radiographs at the time of surgery were negatively associated with probability of survival.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Surgical treatment of PDA was curative in young dogs without clinical signs of heart failure. Surgical correction of PDA should be recommended as early as possible after diagnosis, and mitral valve regurgitation is not a contraindication for surgery. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:1794–1799)
Effect of prepartum intramammary treatment with pirlimycin hydrochloride on prevalence of early first-lactation mastitis in dairy heifers
Authors: Middleton John R. , Timms Leo L. , Bader G. Ryan , Lakritz Jeffrey , Luby Christopher D. , Steevens Barry J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether prepartum intramammary treatment of dairy heifers with pirlimycin hydrochloride would reduce the prevalence of intramammary infection (IMI) and lower the somatic cell count (SCC) during early lactation or improve 305-day mature equivalent milk production.Design—Prospective clinical trial.Animals—183 Holstein-Friesian heifers (663 quarters) from 2 dairy farms.Procedure—Heifers were assigned to treatment and control groups. Treated heifers received a single 50-mg dose of pirlimycin in each mammary quarter approximately 10 to 14 days prior to parturition. Prepartum mammary gland secretions and postpartum milk samples were collected for bacterial culture. Postpartum milk samples were also collected for determination of SCC or California mastitis testing and were tested for pirlimycin residues. Mature equivalent 305-day milk production data were recorded.Results—Treated heifers in herd A had a higher overall cure rate, higher cure rates for IMI caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) andStaphylococcus aureus, lower SCC, and lower prevalence of chronic IMI, compared with control heifers. Treated heifers in herd B had a higher overall cure rate and cure rate for IMI caused by CNS, compared with control heifers, but postpartum California mastitis test scores and prevalence of chronic IMI did not differ between groups. Mature equivalent 305-day milk production did not differ between herds or treatment groups. No pirlimycin residues were detected in postpartum milk samples.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that prepartum treatment of dairy heifers with pirlimycin may reduce the prevalence of early lactation IMI, particularly IMI caused by CNS, without causing pirlimycin residues in milk. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:1969–1974)
Risk of removal and effects on milk production associated with paratuberculosis status in dairy cows
Authors: Lombard Jason E. , Garry Franklyn B. , McCluskey Brian J. , Wagner Bruce A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine effects on production and risk of removal related toMycobacterium aviumsubspparatuberculosis(MAP) infection at the individual animal level in dairy cattle.Design—Longitudinal study.Animals—7,879 dairy cows from 38 herds in 16 states.Procedure—A subset of dairy cattle operations that participated in the National Animal Health Monitoring System Dairy 2002 study was evaluated via a serum ELISA for antibodies against MAP and categorized according to ELISA score. Dairy Herd Improvement Association records were obtained to collect current and historical lactation data and removal (ie, culling) information. Production variables were evaluated on the basis of serum ELISA category.Results—Cows with strong positive results had mature equivalent (ME) 305-day milk production, ME 305-day maximum milk production, and total lifetime milk production that were significantly lower than cows in other categories. No differences were observed for ME 305-day fat and protein percentages, age, lactation, and lactation mean linear somatic cell count score between cows with strong positive results and those with negative results. After accounting for lactation number and relative herd-level milk production, cows with strong positive results were significantly more likely to have been removed by 1 year after testing.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Without management changes designed to reduce the farm-level prevalence of MAP infection, paratuberculosis will continue to reduce farm income by decreasing milk production and potentially increasing premature removal from the herd. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:1975–1981)
Evaluation of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection of dairy cows attributable to infection status of the dam
Authors: Aly Sharif S. , Thurmond Mark C. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To estimate the extent to which infection
with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis
(MAP) of cows in a large dairy was attributable to the
infection status of their dams.

Design—Retrospective longitudinal study.

Animals—625 dam-daughter pairs of Holstein cows.

Procedure—Serologic test results were compared
between cows and their dams. Logistic regression
was used to assess whether a cow's serologic status
was associated with its dam's serologic status.
Infection with MAP attributable to being born to a
seropositive dam was estimated for individual cows
and for the herd.

Results—Cows with seropositive dams were 6.6
times as likely to be seropositive, compared with
cows of seronegative dams. For seropositive cows
born to seropositive dams, 84.6% of seropositivity
was attributable to being born to a seropositive dam
and 15.4% to other exposures, including exposure as
calves to flush water that contained feces of adult cattle.
For the herd as a whole, the seropositive status in
34% of seropositive cows was attributable to being
born to a seropositive dam.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—For dairy
herds that breed seropositive cows, subsequent
transmission of MAP to their daughters, either congenitally
or via exposure to feces and colostrum of
the dam shortly after birth, can contribute substantially
to maintaining prevalence of MAP in a herd.
Removal of seropositive, clinically unaffected cows
and their daughters would be necessary to reduce
infection with MAP attributable to congenital or periparturient
transmission from dam to daughter. (J Am
Vet Med Assoc 2005;227:450–454)
Risk factors associated with development of poxvirus lesions in hospitalized California sea lions
Authors: Nollens Hendrik H. , Hernandez Jorge A. , Jacobson Elliott R. , Haulena Martin , Gulland Frances M. D. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To identify risk factors that may predispose
California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) to
development of cutaneous poxvirus nodules during
hospitalization in a rehabilitation center.

Design—Retrospective case-control study.

Animals—90 California sea lions admitted to a rehabilitation
center.

Procedure—Hospital records of 275 stranded
California sea lions admitted to the rehabilitation center
between January 1 and December 31, 2002, were
reviewed. All California sea lions (n = 18) that developed
≥ 1 cutaneous poxvirus nodule during hospitalization
were classified as cases. Seventy-two
California sea lions that did not develop poxvirus
lesions during hospitalization were randomly selected
(control group). The frequencies of various exposure
factors prior to admission, at admission, and during
hospitalization for cases and control sea lions were
compared by use of logistic regression.

Results—California sea lions that had previously been
admitted to the rehabilitation center were 43 times as
likely to develop poxvirus lesions as sea lions admitted
for the first time; those with high band neutrophil
counts (> 0.69 × 103 bands/μL) at admission were 20
times less likely to develop poxvirus lesions than sea
lions with counts within reference limits.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that sea lions with a history of prior hospitalization
or band neutrophil counts within reference limits
at admission were more likely to develop poxvirus
lesions during hospitalization. Sea lions with histories
of hospitalization should be kept in quarantine and
infection control measures implemented to help prevent
disease transmission to attending personnel and
other hospitalized animals. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2005;227:467–473)
Evaluation of ovine herpesvirus type 2 infections, as detected by competitive inhibition ELISA and polymerase chain reaction assay, in dairy cattle without clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever
Authors: Powers Jenny G. , VanMetre David C. , Collins James K. , Dinsmore R. Page , Carman Jane , Patterson Gage , Brahmbhatt Dipa , Callan Robert J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To monitor ovine herpesvirus type 2
(OvHV-2) infection status and the association
between OvHV-2 infection and development of clinical
signs of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in cattle.

Design—Longitudinal study.

Animals—30 mature adult cows and 18 cattle submitted
for necropsy.

Procedure—Blood and milk samples were collected at
monthly intervals from 30 adult cows for 20 consecutive
months. Nasal and ocular swab specimens were also
collected during months 9 through 20. Polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) assay for detection of OvHV-2 was performed
on blood, milk, nasal swab, and ocular swab
specimens. Competitive inhibition ELISA (CI-ELISA) for
detection of antibodies against MCF viruses was performed
on serum samples obtained prior to study initiation
and monthly during the last 12 months. Tissues
obtained from herdmates without clinical signs of MCF
that were submitted for necropsy were analyzed for
OvHV-2 DNA via PCR assay for possible sites of latency.

Results—Initially, 8 of 30 cows had positive CI-ELISA
results. Seroconversion was detected in 4 cows. Ovine
herpesvirus type 2 DNA was intermittently detected in
blood, milk, nasal secretions, or ocular secretions from
17 of 30 cows. Twenty-one cows had positive CI-ELISA
or PCR assay results. No cattle in the study developed
clinical signs of MCF. Results of PCR assays performed
on tissue samples from 2 of 18 animals submitted for
necropsy were positive for OvHV-2.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—OvHV-2 infection
can occur in cattle without concurrent development
of clinical MCF. Ovine herpesvirus type 2 DNA
was detected intermittently, suggesting fluctuating
viral DNA loads or reinfection in subclinical cattle. A
definitive site of latency was not identified from tissues
obtained during necropsy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2005;227:606–611)
Geographic distribution of babesiosis among dogs in the United States and association with dog bites: 150 cases (2000–2003)
Authors: Birkenheuer Adam J. , Correa Maria T. , Levy Michael G. , Breitschwerdt Edward B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify the geographic distribution of babesiosis among dogs in the United States and determine, for dogs other than American Pit Bull Terriers (APBTs), whether infection was associated with a recent dog bite.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—150 dogs.Procedure—Canine blood samples submitted to the North Carolina State University Vector-Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory between May 2000 and October 2003 for which results of aBabesia-specific polymerase chain reaction assay were positive were identified, and breed and geographic origin of dogs from which samples were obtained were recorded. History and hematologic abnormalities for dogs that were not APBTs were recorded, and possible associations with a recent dog bite were examined.Results—Dogs positive forBabesiaDNA were located in 29 states and 1 Canadian province (Ontario).Babesia gibsoniwas the most commonly detected species, with B gibsoni DNA detected in blood samples from 131 of 144 (91%) dogs. Of the 131 dogs positive forB gibsoniDNA, 122 (93%) were APBTs. Of the 10 dogs positive forBabesia canis vogeliDNA, 6 were Greyhounds. In dogs other than APBTs, there was an association between having recently been bitten by another dog, particularly an APBT, and infection withB gibsoni.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results document an expansion of the known geographic range for babesiosis among dogs in the United States. Testing for babesiosis should be pursued in dogs with clinicopathologic abnormalities consistent with immunemediated hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia, particularly if there is a history of a recent dog bite. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:942–947)
Repair of femoral capital physeal fractures with 7.0-mm cannulated screws in cattle: 20 cases (1988–2002)
Authors: Bentley Victoria A. , Edwards III Ryland B. , Santschi Elizabeth M. , Livesey Michael A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate long-term outcome of repair of femoral capital physeal fractures with 7.0-mm cannulated screws in juvenile bulls that weighed > 350 kg (770 lb).Design—Retrospective study.Animals—20 bulls.Procedure—Medical records of affected cattle were identified and reviewed. Follow-up information was obtained by means of a written questionnaire, 1 to 15 years after discharge, from the veterinarians who supervised the postoperative care at bull stud facilities.Results—Mean age and body weight at time of repair were 19 months (range, 11 to 27 months) and 513 kg (1,128.6 lb; range, 364 to 720 kg [800.8 to 1,584 lb]), respectively. Surgical repair was performed with 7.0- mm cannulated screws. A second surgery to replace malpositioned implants was required in 1 bull. Fourteen of the 20 bulls were considered serviceable for semen collection after surgical repair, and persistent lameness was evident in 11 of the 14. Mean duration for bulls to become serviceable was 5.5 months (range, 2 to 11 months). Age, weight, duration of injury at the time of repair, and degree of reduction did not have a significant effect on whether surgical repair was successful. Six bulls remained severely lame and were euthanatized.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that surgical repair of femoral capital physeal fractures in adolescent bulls with 7.0-mm cannulated screws placed in lag fashion has a good prognosis for long-term function in a semen collection facility. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:964–969)
Fabrication of a “Soft” Membrane Electrode Assembly Using Layer‐by‐Layer Technology
Authors: Farhat T. R. , Hammond P. T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA new type of thin‐film electrode that does not utilize conducting polymers or traditional metal or chemical vapor deposition methods has been developed to create ultrathin flexible electrodes for fuel cells. Using the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) technique, carbon–polymer electrodes have been assembled from polyelectrolytes and stable carbon colloidal dispersions. Thin‐film LbL polyelectrolyte–carbon electrodes (LPCEs) have been successfully assembled atop both metallic and non‐metallic, porous and non‐porous substrates. These electrodes exhibit high electronic conductivities of 2–4 S cm–1, and their porous structure provides ionic conductivities in the range of 10–4to 10–3 S cm–1. The electrodes show remarkable stability towards oxidizing, acidic, or delaminating basic solutions. In particular, an LPCE consisting of poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride)/poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid)/carbon–platinum assembled on a porous stainless steel support yields an open‐circuit potential similar to that of a pure platinum electrode. With LbL carbon–polymer electrodes, the membrane‐electrode assembly (MEA) in a fuel cell can be made several times thinner, assume multiple geometries, and hence be more compact. The mechanism for LPCE deposition, electrode structure, and miniaturization will be presented and discussed, and demonstrations of the LbL electrodes in a traditional Nafion‐based proton fuel cell and the first demonstration of a thin‐film hydrogen–air “soft” fuel cell fully constructed using multilayer assembly are described.
Solution technique for pure‐component phase equilibria near the critical point
Authors: Stapley L. N. , Luks K. D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAn iterative technique is presented for determining pure‐component phase equilibrium that essentially does not depend on initiation. The technique uses both the real and the complex conjugate root information obtained from the analytical solution to cubic equations of state to extend substantially the domain of convergence. The technique is robust and effective close to the critical point. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Intraparticle diffusion mechanisms in SC sunflower oil hydrogenation on Pd
Authors: Ramírez E. , Larrayoz M. A. , Recasens F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this work, intrinsic kinetics were decoupled from reactant diffusivities in the SC sunflower oil hydrogenation reaction on Pd/C using a steady‐state diffusion and chemical reaction model under isothermal conditions in order to obtain low trans and stearic final products. A numerical solution combined with nonlinear parameter fitting was employed to solve this model. First, runs with small size of catalyst (0.4 mm) allowed to obtain kinetic constants irrespective of the diffusivity settings. Then, in a second set of runs, reactions were repeated on larger sizes of catalyst (up to 1 mm), that is, in the diffusion‐limited regime. The results show that while hydrogen is transported by bulk pore diffusion, the oil seem to diffuse by surface diffusion. Diffusivity of H2 is about 10 times that of triglycerides. The overall diffusivity for triglycerides is about 10−8 m2/s, and changes 3 times with an increase in pressure, and 20 times with an increase in T. Linoleate selectivity (SLO) and specific isomerization (Si) also improve with decreasing the diffusion path. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006