bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculated brightness temperatures of solar structures compared with ALMA and Metsähovi measurements
Authors: Matković Filip , Brajša Roman , Kuhar Matej , Benz Arnold O. , Ludwig Hans ‐G. , Selhorst Caius L. , Skokić Ivica , Sudar Davor , Hanslmeier Arnold 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) allows for solar observations in the wavelength range of 0.3–10 mm, giving us a new view of the chromosphere. The measured brightness temperature at various frequencies can be fitted with theoretical models of density and temperature versus height. We use the available ALMA and Metsähovi measurements of selected solar structures (quiet sun (QS), active regions (AR) devoid of sunspots, and coronal holes (CH)). The measured QS brightness temperature in the ALMA wavelength range agrees well with the predictions of the semiempirical Avrett–Tian–Landi–Curdt–Wülser (ATLCW) model, better than previous models such as the Avrett–Loeser (AL) or Fontenla–Avrett–Loeser model (FAL). We scaled the ATLCW model in density and temperature to fit the observations of the other structures. For ARs, the fitted models require 9%–13% higher electron densities and 9%–10% higher electron temperatures, consistent with expectations. The CH fitted models require electron densities 2%–40% lower than the QS level, while the predicted electron temperatures, although somewhat lower, do not deviate significantly from the QS model. Despite the limitations of the one‐dimensional ATLCW model, we confirm that this model and its appropriate adaptations are sufficient for describing the basic physical properties of the solar structures.
Simultaneous prediction of 16 quality attributes during protein A chromatography using machine learning based Raman spectroscopy models
Authors: Wang Jiarui , Chen Jingyi , Studts Joey , Wang Gang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSeveral key technologies for advancing biopharmaceutical manufacturing depend on the successful implementation of process analytical technologies that can monitor multiple product quality attributes in a continuous in‐line setting. Raman spectroscopy is an emerging technology in the biopharma industry that promises to fit this strategic need, yet its application is not widespread due to limited success for predicting a meaningful number of quality attributes. In this study, we addressed this very problem by demonstrating new capabilities for preprocessing Raman spectra using a series of Butterworth filters. The resulting increase in the number of spectral features is paired with a machine learning algorithm and laboratory automation hardware to drive the automated collection and training of a calibration model that allows for the prediction of 16 different product quality attributes in an in‐line mode. The demonstrated ability to generate these Raman‐based models for in‐process product quality monitoring is the breakthrough to increase process understanding by delivering product quality data in a continuous manner. The implementation of this multiattribute in‐line technology will create new workflows within process development, characterization, validation, and control.
Lycopodium Alkaloids from Huperzia goebelii
Authors: Gao Bei‐Bei , Jiang Shuai , Li Wen‐Yan , Ou Yu‐Fei , Zhao Qin‐Shi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOne new fawcettimine‐type Lycopodium alkaloid, hupertimine F (1), together with five known (2–6) Lycopodium alkaloids were isolated from Huperzia goebelii. The structure of 1 was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectra, HRESIMS, and X‐ray diffraction. Structurally, 1 represents the fourth example of Lycopodium alkaloids characterized by a 5/5/5/5/6 pentacyclic ring system with a 1‐aza‐7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane moiety. These known compounds 2, 3, 5, and 6 were isolated from H. goebelii for the first time. Compounds 1–6 were evaluated for acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B inhibitory activities in vitro.
Use of the Indigo CAT RX aspiration system during percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Peng Sydney , Rempakos Athanasios , Mastrodemos Olga C. , Rangan Bavana V. , Alexandrou Michaella , Allana Salman , Al‐Ogaili Ahmed , Mutlu Deniz , Karacsonyi Judit , Bergstedt Seth , Khalid Muhmmad S. , Stanberry Larissa , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe use of the Indigo CAT RX Aspiration System (Penumbra Inc.) during percutaneous coronary intervention has received limited study.MethodsWe retrospectively examined the clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics, outcomes, and follow‐up of patients who underwent mechanical aspiration thrombectomy with the Indigo CAT RX system (Penumbra Inc.) at a large tertiary care hospital between January 2019 and April 2023.ResultsDuring the study period, 83 patients (85 lesions) underwent thrombectomy with the Indigo CAT RX. Mean patient age was 64.9 ± 14.48 years and 31.2% were women. The most common presentations were ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI) (66.2%) and non‐ST‐segment elevation MI (26.5%). A final thrombolysis in MI flow grade of 3 and final myocardial blush grade of 3 were achieved in 76% and 46% of the cases, respectively. Technical success was achieved in 88.9% of the cases that included Indigo CAT RX treatment only, compared with 57.1% of the cases that also included manual aspiration. There were no device‐related serious adverse events. At 30‐day postprocedure, the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (composite of cardiovascular death, recurrent MI, cardiogenic shock, new or worsening New York Heart Association Class IV heart failure, stroke) was 8.5%: 1.3% stroke (postprocedure, in‐hospital), 1.3% MI, 6.1% cardiac death, and 7.5% developed cardiogenic shock.ConclusionsUse of the Indigo CAT RX system is associated with high technical success and acceptable risk of complications, including stroke.
Treatment of sexual dysfunction induced by hyperprolactinemia accompanied by reduced luteinizing hormone levels: A case report
Authors: Liu Tao , Jia Chao , Li Yan 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageSexual dysfunction induced by hyperprolactinemia accompanied by reduced luteinizing hormone (LH) is common in anrology clinics. A low dose of bromocriptine is helpful for restoring penile erectile function and libido in patients.AbstractSexual dysfunction is closely related to hormonal disorders, of which prolactin (PRL) and luteinizing hormone (LH) disorders are common. How to treat sexual dysfunction induced by hyperprolactinemia accompanied by reduced LH levels is worth discussing. In this study, we aimed to present the case of a 35‐year‐old male patient with sexual dysfunction. The treatment process and physical and laboratory examination results were recorded. Before treatment, the PRL and LH levels in this patient were 31.27 ng/mL and 1.62 mIU/mL, respectively. The International Index of Erectile Function‐5 (IIEF‐5) score was initially 14 points. After regular treatment with low doses of bromocriptine and tadalafil, the hormonal disorder was corrected (PRL: 11.16 ng/mL and LH: 2.28 mIU/mL) and sexual function was recovered (IIEF‐5: 23 points). This case report suggested a sufficient exposure to low‐dose bromocriptine for such patients. Conversely, the exogenous supplementation of human chorionic gonadotropin may not be appropriate.
Acute gastric volvulus mimicking features of gastroenteritis in a 5‐year‐old girl
Authors: Ueshima Manami 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageAcute gastric volvulus is a life‐threatening condition. Especially, a history of adjacent organ deformities in children with intermittent vomiting and abdominal pain should suggest gastric volvulus, even if the symptoms resemble gastroenteritis.
An atorvastatin‐induced positive anti‐HMGCR immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy case
Authors: Chaisrimaneepan Nattanicha , Thongpiya Jerapas , Yingchoncharoen Pitchaporn , Saowapa Sakditad 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageStatins can commonly cause myopathy. Most of the time, stopping the culprit drug should solve the problem. However, if the drug has been discontinued but muscle weakness continues to worsen, immune‐mediated myopathy should be taken into consideration.
Transition‐Metal Catalyzed C−H Alkylation Using Epoxides as Alkylating Reagents
Authors: Liu Ze‐Shui , Wang Danni , Cheng Hong‐Gang , Zhou Qianghui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe alkylation of arenes is one of the most fundamental transformations in synthetic chemistry and the transition‐metal‐catalyzed direct C−H alkylation represents a straightforward and attractive approach from both atom and step‐economy perspectives. Epoxides, the smallest three‐membered saturated O‐heterocycles that can be easily prepared in racemic or enantioenriched forms, are highly useful building blocks for the synthesis of complex organic molecules. Owing to their inherent high ring‐strain, epoxides readily undergo ring‐opening reactions and have been used as alkylating reagents for C−H alkylation catalyzed by transition metals. This review summarizes recent advances in utilizing epoxides as alkylating reagents in transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H alkylation as well as their synthetic applications in organic synthesis.
Direct recycling of Li‐ion batteries from cell to pack level: Challenges and prospects on technology, scalability, sustainability, and economics
Authors: Roy Joseph Jegan , Phuong Do Minh , Verma Vivek , Chaudhary Richa , Carboni Michael , Meyer Daniel , Cao Bin , Srinivasan Madhavi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDirect recycling is a novel approach to overcoming the drawbacks of conventional lithium‐ion battery (LIB) recycling processes and has gained considerable attention from the academic and industrial sectors in recent years. The primary objective of directly recycling LIBs is to efficiently recover and restore the active electrode materials and other components in the solid phase while retaining electrochemical performance. This technology's advantages over traditional pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy are cost‐effectiveness, energy efficiency, and sustainability, and it preserves the material structure and morphology and can shorten the overall recycling path. This review extensively discusses the advancements in the direct recycling of LIBs, including battery sorting, pretreatment processes, separation of cathode and anode materials, and regeneration and quality enhancement of electrode materials. It encompasses various approaches to successfully regenerate high‐value electrode materials and streamlining the recovery process without compromising their electrochemical properties. Furthermore, we highlight key challenges in direct recycling when scaled from lab to industries in four perspectives: (1) battery design, (2) disassembling, (3) electrode delamination, and (4) commercialization and sustainability. Based on these challenges and changing market trends, a few strategies are discussed to aid direct recycling efforts, such as binders, electrolyte selection, and alternative battery designs; and recent transitions and technological advancements in the battery industry are presented.
Local tetragonal distortion of Pt alloy catalysts for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction efficiency
Authors: Li Xiaoke , Duan Xiao , Hua Kang , Wu Yongkang , Rui Zhiyan , Ding Rui , Li Aidong , Ouyang Chen , Li Jia , Li Ting , Liu Jianguo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlatinum‐based alloy nanoparticles are the most attractive catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction at present, but an in‐depth understanding of the relationship between their short‐range structural information and catalytic performance is still lacking. Herein, we present a synthetic strategy that uses transition‐metal oxide‐assisted thermal diffusion. PtCo/C catalysts with localized tetragonal distortion were obtained by controlling the thermal diffusion process of transition‐metal elements. This localized structural distortion induced a significant strain effect on the nanoparticle surface, which further shortened the length of the Pt–Pt bond, improved the electronic state of the Pt surface, and enhanced the performance of the catalyst. PtCo/C catalysts with special short‐range structures achieved excellent mass activity (2.27 A mgPt−1) and specific activity (3.34 A cm−2). In addition, the localized tetragonal distortion‐induced surface compression of the Pt skin improved the stability of the catalyst. The mass activity decreased by only 13% after 30,000 cycles. Enhanced catalyst activity and excellent durability have also been demonstrated in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell configuration. This study provides valuable insights into the development of advanced Pt‐based nanocatalysts and paves the way for reducing noble‐metal loading and increasing the catalytic activity and catalyst stability.
Multiple‐dimensioned defect engineering for graphite felt electrode of vanadium redox flow battery
Authors: Jiang Yingqiao , Wang Yinhui , Cheng Gang , Li Yuehua , Dai Lei , Zhu Jing , Meng Wei , Xi Jingyu , Wang Ling , He Zhangxing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe scarcity of wettability, insufficient active sites, and low surface area of graphite felt (GF) have long been suppressing the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). Herein, an ultra‐homogeneous multiple‐dimensioned defect, including nano‐scale etching and atomic‐scale N, O co‐doping, was used to modify GF by the molten salt system. NH4Cl and KClO3 were added simultaneously to the system to obtain porous N/O co‐doped electrode (GF/ON), where KClO3 was used to ultra‐homogeneously etch, and O‐functionalize electrode, and NH4Cl was used as N dopant, respectively. GF/ON presents better electrochemical catalysis for VO2+/VO2+ and V3+/V2+ reactions than only O‐functionalized electrodes (GF/O) and GF. The enhanced electrochemical properties are attributed to an increase in active sites, surface area, and wettability, as well as the synergistic effect of N and O, which is also supported by the density functional theory calculations. Further, the cell using GF/ON shows higher discharge capacity, energy efficiency, and stability for cycling performance than the pristine cell at 140 mA cm−2 for 200 cycles. Moreover, the energy efficiency of the modified cell is increased by 9.7% from 55.2% for the pristine cell at 260 mA cm−2. Such an ultra‐homogeneous etching with N and O co‐doping through “boiling” molten salt medium provides an effective and practical application potential way to prepare superior electrodes for VRFB.
Selectivity in Adduct Formation of a Bidentate Boron Lewis Acid
Authors: Beckmann J. Louis , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA bidentate boron Lewis acid based on 1,8‐diethynylanthracene has been studied in detail with respect to its adduct formation with diamines and diphosphanes of different linker lengths between the donor functions. A clear correlation between the linker length of the bifunctional base and the formation of 1 : 1 adducts, 1 : 2 adducts or oligomers was found. The adducts were characterized in solution by NMR titration experiments and structurally by X‐ray diffraction. In addition, adduct formation and competition experiments of the host system with ZR3 (Z=N, P; R=H, Me) demonstrated the generally higher stability of alkylphosphane adducts compared to alkylamine adducts with boron functions. The results provide a general insight into the adduct formation of bidentate Lewis acids with guests of different sizes as well as the differences in stability between borane‐amine and borane‐phosphane adducts.
Anion‐π+ AIEgens for Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Liu Lingxiu , Gong Jianye , Jiang Guoyu , Wang Jianguo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFluorescence imaging‐guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted extensive attention due to its potential of real‐time monitoring the lesion locations and visualizing the treatment process with high sensitivity and resolution. Aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) show enhanced fluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation after cellular uptake, giving them significant advantages in bioimaging and PDT applications. However, most AIEgens are unfavorable for the application in organisms due to their severe hydrophobicity. Anion‐π+ type AIEgens carry intrinsic charges that can effectively alleviate their hydrophobicity and improve their binding capability to cells, which is expected to enhance the bioimaging quality and PDT performance. This concept summarizes the applications of anion‐π+ type AIEgens in fluorescence imaging, fluorescence imaging‐guided photodynamic anticancer and antimicrobial therapy in recent years, hoping to provide some new ideas for the construction of robust photosensitizers. Finally, the current problems and future challenges of anion‐π+ AIEgens are discussed.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Complex of the Parent Phosphinidene
Authors: Jiang Junjie , Fang Wei , Lu Bo , Li Weixing , Yu Qi , Zeng Xiaoqing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe diatomic molecule PH is very reactive, and it serves as the parent compound for phosphinidenes featuring a monovalent phosphorus atom. Herein, we report the characterization and reactivity of a rare hydrogen‐bonded complex of PH. Specifically, the molecular complex between PH and HCl has been generated by photolysis of chlorophosphine (H2PCl) at 254 nm in a solid Ar‐matrix at 10 K. The IR spectrum of the complex HP⋅⋅⋅HCl and quantum chemical calculations at the UCCSD(T)‐F12a/haTZ level consistently prove that the phosphorus atom acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor with a binding energy (D0) of −0.6 kcal mol−1. In line with the observed absorption at 341 nm for the binary complex, the triplet phosphinidene PH undergoes prototype H−Cl bond insertion by reformation of H2PCl upon photoexcitation at 365 nm. However, this hydrogen‐bonded complex is unstable in the presence of N2 and HCl, as both molecules prefers stronger interactions with HCl than PH in the observed complexes HP⋅⋅⋅HCl⋅⋅⋅N2 and HP⋅⋅⋅2HCl.
Chiroptical properties of membrane glycerophospholipids and their chiral backbones
Authors: Bocková Jana , Garcia Adrien D. , Jones Nykola C. , Hoffmann Søren V. , Meinert Cornelia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGlycerophospholipid membranes are one of the key cellular components. Still, their species‐dependent composition and homochirality remain an elusive subject. In the context of the astrophysical circularly polarized light scenario likely involved in the generation of a chiral bias in meteoritic amino and sugar acids in space, and consequently in the origin of life's homochirality on Earth, this study reports the first measurements of circular dichroism and anisotropy spectra of a selection of glycerophospholipids, their chiral backbones and their analogs. The rather low asymmetry in the interaction of UV/VUV circularly polarized light with sn‐glycerol‐1/3‐phosphate indicates that chiral photons would have been unlikely to directly induce symmetry breaking to membrane lipids. In contrast, the anisotropy spectra of d‐3‐phosphoglyceric acid and d‐glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate unveil up to 20 and 100 times higher maximum anisotropy factor values, respectively. This first experimental report, targeted on investigating the origins of phospholipid symmetry breaking, opens up new avenues of research to explore alternative mechanisms leading to membrane lipid homochirality, while providing important clues for the search for chiral biosignatures of extant and/or extinct life in space, in particular for the ExoMars 2028 mission.
PROTOCOL: Effects of social prescribing for older adults: An evidence and gap map
Authors: Ghogomu Elizabeth Tanjong , Welch Vivian , Yaqubi Mojde , Dewidar Omar , Barbeau Victoria I. , Biswas Srija , Card Kiffer , Hsiung Sonia , Muhl Caitlin , Nelson Michelle , Salzwedel Douglas M. , Saragosa Marianne , Yu Cindy , Mulligan Kate , Hébert Paul 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis is the protocol for an evidence and gap map. The objectives are as follows: The aim of this evidence and gap map is to map the available evidence on the effectiveness of social prescribing interventions addressing a non‐medical, health‐related social need for older adults in any setting.Specific objectives are as follows:

To identify existing evidence from primary studies and systematic reviews on the effects of community‐based interventions that address non‐medical, health‐related social needs of older adults to improve their health and wellbeing.
To identify research evidence gaps for new high‐quality primary studies and systematic reviews.
To highlight evidence of health equity considerations from included primary studies and systematic reviews.
Detection of circulating tumor DNA with ultradeep sequencing of plasma cell‐free DNA for monitoring minimal residual disease and early detection of recurrence in early‐stage lung cancer
Authors: Tan Aaron C. , Lai Gillianne G. Y. , Saw Stephanie P. L. , Chua Kevin L. M. , Takano Angela , Ong Boon‐Hean , Koh Tina P. T. , Jain Amit , Tan Wan Ling , Ng Quan Sing , Kanesvaran Ravindran , Rajasekaran Tanujaa , Kalashnikova Ekaterina , Renner Derrick , Sudhaman Sumedha , Malhotra Meenakshi , Sethi Himanshu , Liu Minetta C. , Aleshin Alexey , Lim Wan‐Teck , Tan Eng‐Huat , Skanderup Anders J. , Ang Mei‐Kim , Tan Daniel S. W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn early‐stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), recurrence is frequently observed. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a noninvasive tool to risk stratify patients for recurrence after curative intent therapy. This study aimed to risk stratify patients with early‐stage NSCLC via a personalized, tumor‐informed multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) next‐generation sequencing assay.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients with stage I–III NSCLC. Recruited patients received standard‐of‐care management (surgical resection with or without adjuvant chemotherapy, followed by surveillance). Whole‐exome sequencing of NSCLC resected tissue and matched germline DNA was used to design patient‐specific mPCR assays (Signatera, Natera, Inc) to track up to 16 single‐nucleotide variants in plasma samples.ResultsThe overall cohort with analyzed plasma samples consisted of 57 patients. Stage distribution was 68% for stage I and 16% each for stages II and III. Presurgery (i.e., at baseline), ctDNA was detected in 15 of 57 patients (26%). ctDNA detection presurgery was significantly associated with shorter recurrence‐free survival (RFS; hazard ratio [HR], 3.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–12.62; p = .009). In the postsurgery setting, ctDNA was detected in seven patients, of whom 100% experienced radiological recurrence. ctDNA positivity preceded radiological findings by a median lead time of 2.8 months (range, 0–12.9 months). Longitudinally, ctDNA detection at any time point was associated with shorter RFS (HR, 16.1; 95% CI, 1.63–158.9; p < .0001).ConclusionsctDNA detection before surgical resection was strongly associated with a high risk of relapse in early‐stage NSCLC in a large unique Asian cohort. Prospective studies are needed to assess the clinical utility of ctDNA status in this setting.