bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPATIENT-qPCR: monitoring SELEX success during in vitro aptamer evolution
Authors: Kissmann Ann-Kathrin , Bolotnikov Grigory , Li Runliu , Müller Franziska , Xing Hu , Krämer Markus , Gottschalk Kay-E. , Andersson Jakob , Weil Tanja , Rosenau Frank 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment) processes aim on the evolution of high-affinity aptamers as binding entities in diagnostics and biosensing. Aptamers can represent game-changers as constituents of diagnostic assays for the management of instantly occurring infectious diseases or other health threats. Without in-process quality control measures SELEX suffers from low overall success rates. We present a quantitative PCR method for fast and easy quantification of aptamers bound to their targets. Simultaneous determination of melting temperatures (Tm) of each SELEX round delivers information on the evolutionary success via the correlation of increasing GC content and Tm alone with a round-wise increase of aptamer affinity to the respective target. Based on nine successful and published previous SELEX processes, in which the evolution/selection of aptamer affinity/specificity was demonstrated, we here show the functionality of the IMPATIENT-qPCR for polyclonal aptamer libraries and resulting individual aptamers. Based on the ease of this new evolution quality control, we hope to introduce it as a valuable tool to accelerate SELEX processes in general.
IMPATIENT-qPCR SELEX success monitoring. Selection and evolution of high-affinity aptamers using SELEX technology with direct aptamer evolution monitoring using melting curve shifting analyses to higher Tm by quantitative PCR with fluorescence dye SYBR Green I.

Key points
• Fast and easy analysis.
• Universal applicability shown for a series of real successful projects.

Graphical Abstract
Temporal resolution and pitch discrimination in music education: novel data in children
Authors: Psarris Georgios , Eleftheriadis Nikos , Sidiras Christos , Sereti Afroditi , Iliadou Vasiliki Maria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Rehabilitation of hearing and listening difficulties through neuroplasticity of the auditory nervous system is a promising technique. Evidence of enhanced auditory processing in adult musicians is often not based on clinical auditory processing tests and is lacking in children with musical education.

Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate the temporal resolution and frequency discrimination elements of auditory processing both in adults and children with musical education and to compare them with those without any musical education.

Methods
Participants consisted of ten children without musical training and ten children with musical training with mean age 11.3 years and range 8–15 years as well as ten adults without musical education and ten adults with musical education with mean age 38.1 years and range 30–45 years. All participants were tested with two temporal resolution tests (GIN:Gaps-In-Noise and RGDT:Random Gap Detection Test), a temporal ordering frequency test (FPT:Frequency Pattern Test), and a frequency discrimination test (DLF: Different Limen for Frequency).

Results
All test results revealed better performance in both children and adults with musical training for both ears.

Conclusion
A positive effect of formal music education for specific auditory processing elements in both children and adults is documented. Larger samples, longitudinal studies, as well as groups with impaired hearing and/or auditory processing are needed to further substantiate the effect shown.
Large language models as assistance for glaucoma surgical cases: a ChatGPT vs. Google Gemini comparison
Authors: Carlà Matteo Mario , Gambini Gloria , Baldascino Antonio , Boselli Francesco , Giannuzzi Federico , Margollicci Fabio , Rizzo Stanislao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to define the capability of ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini in analyzing detailed glaucoma case descriptions and suggesting an accurate surgical plan.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of 60 medical records of surgical glaucoma was divided into “ordinary” (n = 40) and “challenging” (n = 20) scenarios. Case descriptions were entered into ChatGPT and Bard’s interfaces with the question “What kind of surgery would you perform?” and repeated three times to analyze the answers’ consistency. After collecting the answers, we assessed the level of agreement with the unified opinion of three glaucoma surgeons. Moreover, we graded the quality of the responses with scores from 1 (poor quality) to 5 (excellent quality), according to the Global Quality Score (GQS) and compared the results.

Results
ChatGPT surgical choice was consistent with those of glaucoma specialists in 35/60 cases (58%), compared to 19/60 (32%) of Gemini (p = 0.0001). Gemini was not able to complete the task in 16 cases (27%). Trabeculectomy was the most frequent choice for both chatbots (53% and 50% for ChatGPT and Gemini, respectively). In “challenging” cases, ChatGPT agreed with specialists in 9/20 choices (45%), outperforming Google Gemini performances (4/20, 20%). Overall, GQS scores were 3.5 ± 1.2 and 2.1 ± 1.5 for ChatGPT and Gemini (p = 0.002). This difference was even more marked if focusing only on “challenging” cases (1.5 ± 1.4 vs. 3.0 ± 1.5, p = 0.001).

Conclusion
ChatGPT-4 showed a good analysis performance for glaucoma surgical cases, either ordinary or challenging. On the other side, Google Gemini showed strong limitations in this setting, presenting high rates of unprecise or missed answers.
Recent trends in core/shell nanoparticles: their enzyme-based electrochemical biosensor applications
Authors: Bilge Selva , Dogan-Topal Burcu , Gürbüz Manolya Müjgan , Ozkan Sibel A. , Sınağ Ali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractImproving novel and efficient biosensors for determining organic/inorganic compounds is a challenge in analytical chemistry for clinical diagnosis and research in biomedical sciences. Electrochemical enzyme-based biosensors are one of the commercially successful groups of biosensors that make them highly appealing because of their low cost, high selectivity, and sensitivity. Core/shell nanoparticles have emerged as versatile platforms for developing enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors due to their unique physicochemical properties and tunable surface characteristics. This study provides a comprehensive review of recent trends and advancements in the utilization of core/shell nanoparticles for the development of enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors. Moreover, a statistical evaluation of the studies carried out in this field between 2007 and 2023 is made according to the preferred electrochemical techniques. The recent applications of core/shell nanoparticles in enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors were summarized to quantify environmental pollutants, food contaminants, and clinical biomarkers. Additionally, the review highlights recent innovations and strategies to improve the performance of enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors using core/shell nanoparticles. These include the integration of nanomaterials with specific functions such as hydrophilic character, chemical and thermal stability, conductivity, biocompatibility, and catalytic activity, as well as the development of new hybrid nanostructures and multifunctional nanocomposites.
Graphical Abstract
Emotional and relational problems of adolescents with and without a migrant background in Europe: a systematic review
Authors: Rodríguez-Ventosa Herrera Elena , Muñoz-San Roque Isabel , Roldán Franco María Angustias 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMental health of migrant adolescents is a topic that has been widely studied in the past decades. Emotional and behavioural problems are amongst the most explored areas; however, little attention has been paid to the relational sphere, which represents another key aspect of mental health and is paramount during adolescence. This systematic review analysed the available evidence on emotional and relational problems comparing adolescents with and without a migrant background in Europe between 2010 and 2021. The search was conducted in four databases using a common search strategy composed of terms addressing adolescence, migrant population, and emotional and relational problems. Three rounds of screening produced 36 eligible studies. Factors affecting both types of problems were identified and categorised using thematic synthesis, dividing them into factors affecting both types of problems jointly or separately and analysing them according to three systemic levels affecting the adolescents’ lives (intrapersonal, interpersonal and external). Critical analysis of the results pointed to mixed findings, with a mild tendency in migrant-background adolescents to portray more emotional problems than their native peers and a stronger tendency for relational problems in the same direction. Several limitations were identified and, along with the conclusions, point to suggestions for future research focusing on studying relational problems as a key component of mental health and its link to emotional problems. Further suggestions entail designing studies that target adolescents with different migrant-background profiles and cultural origins to establish differences between them and identify additional factors affecting emotional and relational problems during the pre-migration and transit phases of the migratory journey to help prevent the onset of these problems.
Untersuchung verschiedener Vergleichsspannungshypothesen im Kontext der Dauerfestigkeit einsatzgehärteter Wellen
Authors: Pogert Jakob , Suchý Lukáš , Ulrich Carsten , Schlecht Berthold , Hasse Alexander 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Allgemeinen wird bei einsatzgehärteten Bauteilen von einem spröden Randbereich und einem duktilen Kern ausgegangen. Dabei charakterisiert ein Wechselfestigkeitsverhältnis von $$\tau _{W}/\sigma _{W}=1$$

τ
W

/

σ
W

=
1
einen ideal spröden Werkstoff, während duktiles Verhalten durch $$\tau _{W}/\sigma _{W}=1/\sqrt{3}$$

τ
W

/

σ
W

=

1
/

3

charakterisiert wird. Bei der Auslegung von Wellen ist die Kenntnis des anzusetzenden Wechselfestigkeitsverhältnisses Voraussetzung zur korrekten Auswahl und Anwendung einer Vergleichsspannungshypothese. Diese dient der Berechnung eines skalaren Spannungskennwerts für mehrachsige Beanspruchungszustände oder nichtproportionale Beanspruchungs-Zeit-Verläufe. In der Praxis liegen die benötigten zyklischen Werkstoffkennwerte jedoch oft nicht vor, weshalb die Frage offenbleibt, welches Materialverhalten – insbesondere bei einsatzgehärteten Wellen – anzunehmen ist. Die Veröffentlichung gibt zunächst einen Überblick über in der Praxis angewendete Vergleichsspannungshypothesen. Um das Potenzial der verschiedenen Hypothesen im Kontext einsatzgehärteter Randschichten zu untersuchen, wird auf Dauerfestigkeitsversuche aus der Literatur zurückgegriffen. Es erfolgt eine Nachrechnung der Versuchsdaten und ein Vergleich der berechneten mit den experimentellen Dauerfestigkeiten. Eine Gegenüberstellung der Vergleichsspannungshypothesen unter Variation des Wechselfestigkeitsverhältnisses zeigt, dass mit der Gestaltänderungsenergiehypothese eine konservative Abschätzung der Sicherheit bei geringerer Streuung als mit der Normalspannungshypothese möglich ist. Somit erscheint die Annahme eines duktilen Verhaltens und folglich die Verwendung eines Wechselfestigkeitsverhältnisses von $$\tau _{W}/\sigma _{W}\approx 1/\sqrt{3}$$

τ
W

/

σ
W

≈

1
/

3

auch für einsatzgehärtete Randschichten möglich.
Comparison of laparoscopic and open inguinal–hernia repair in elderly patients: the experience of two comprehensive medical centers over 10 years
Authors: Xi S. , Chen Z. , Lu Q. , Liu C. , Xu L. , Lu C. , Cheng R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The safety of laparoscopic inguinal–hernia repair must be carefully evaluated in elderly patients. Very little is known regarding the safety of the laparoscopic approach in elderly patients under surgical and medical co-management (SMC). Therefore, this study evaluated the safety of the laparoscopic approach in elderly patients, especially patients with multiple comorbidities under SMC.

Methods
From January 2012 to December 2021, patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent open or laparoscopic inguinal–hernia repair during hospitalization were consecutively enrolled. Postoperative outcomes included major and minor operation-related complications, and other adverse events. To reduce potential selection bias, propensity score matching was performed between open and laparoscopic groups based on patients’ demographics and comorbidities.

Results
A total of 447 elderly patients who underwent inguinal–hernia repair were enrolled, with 408 (91.3%) underwent open and 39 (8.7%) laparoscopic surgery. All postoperative outcomes were comparable between open and laparoscopic groups after 1:1 propensity score matching (all p > 0.05). Moreover, compared to the traditional care group (n = 360), a higher proportion of the SMC group (n = 87) was treated via the laparoscopic approach (18.4% vs. 6.4%, p = 0.00). In the laparoscopic approach subgroup (n = 39), patients in the SMC group (n = 16) were older with multiple comorbidities but were at higher risks of only minor operation-related complications, compared to those in the traditional care group.

Conclusions
Laparoscopic inguinal–hernia repair surgery is safe for elderly patients, especially those with multiple comorbidities under SMC.
Agile meets quantum: a novel genetic algorithm model for predicting the success of quantum software development project
Authors: Khan Arif Ali , Akbar Muhammad Azeem , Lahtinen Valtteri , Paavola Marko , Niazi Mahmood , Alatawi Mohammed Naif , Alotaibi Shoayee Dlaim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractQuantum software systems represent a new realm in software engineering, utilizing quantum bits (Qubits) and quantum gates (Qgates) to solve the complex problems more efficiently than classical counterparts. Agile software development approaches are considered to address many inherent challenges in quantum software development, but their effective integration remains unexplored. This study investigates key causes of challenges that could hinders the adoption of traditional agile approaches in quantum software projects and develop an Agile-Quantum Software Project Success Prediction Model (AQSSPM). Firstly, we identified 19 causes of challenging factors discussed in our previous study, which are potentially impacting agile-quantum project success. Secondly, a survey was conducted to collect expert opinions on these causes and applied Genetic Algorithm (GA) with Naive Bayes Classifier (NBC) and Logistic Regression (LR) to develop the AQSSPM. Utilizing GA with NBC, project success probability improved from 53.17 to 99.68%, with cost reductions from 0.463 to 0.403%. Similarly, GA with LR increased success rates from 55.52 to 98.99%, and costs decreased from 0.496 to 0.409% after 100 iterations. Both methods result showed a strong positive correlation (rs = 0.955) in causes ranking, with no significant difference between them (t = 1.195, p = 0.240 > 0.05). The AQSSPM highlights critical focus areas for efficiently and successfully implementing agile-quantum projects considering the cost factor of a particular project.
Uranium capture from aqueous solution using palm-waste based activated carbon: sorption kinetics and equilibrium
Authors: Youssef W. M. , El-Maadawy M. M. , Masoud A. M. , Alhindawy I. G. , Hussein A. E. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCarbonaceous materials produced from agricultural waste (palm kernel shell) by pyrolysis can be a proper type of low-cost adsorbent for wide uses in radioactive effluent treatment. In this context, the as-produced bio-char (labeled as PBC) and its sub-driven sulfuric acid and zinc oxide activated carbons (labeled as PBC-SA, and PBC-Zn respectively) were employed as adsorbents for uranium sorption from aqueous solution. Various analytical techniques, including SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), EXD (X-ray Diffraction), BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and Zeta potential, provide insights into the material characteristics. Kinetic and isotherm investigations illuminated that the sorption process using the three sorbents is nicely fitted with Pseudo-second-order-kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The picked data display that the equilibrium time was 60 min, and the maximum sorption capacity was 9.89, 16.8, and 21.9 mg/g for PBC, PBC-SA, and PBC-Zn respectively, which reflects the highest affinity for zinc oxide, activated bio-char, among the three adsorbents, for uranium taking out from radioactive wastewater. Sorption thermodynamics declare that the sorption of U(VI) is an exothermic, spontaneous, and feasible process. About 92% of the uranium-loaded PBC-Zn sorbent was eluted using 1.0 M CH3COONa sodium ethanoate solution, and the sorbent demonstrated proper stability for 5 consecutive sorption/desorption cycles.
Software doping analysis for human oversight
Authors: Biewer Sebastian , Baum Kevin , Sterz Sarah , Hermanns Holger , Hetmank Sven , Langer Markus , Lauber-Rönsberg Anne , Lehr Franz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article introduces a framework that is meant to assist in mitigating societal risks that software can pose. Concretely, this encompasses facets of software doping as well as unfairness and discrimination in high-risk decision-making systems. The term software doping refers to software that contains surreptitiously added functionality that is against the interest of the user. A prominent example of software doping are the tampered emission cleaning systems that were found in millions of cars around the world when the diesel emissions scandal surfaced. The first part of this article combines the formal foundations of software doping analysis with established probabilistic falsification techniques to arrive at a black-box analysis technique for identifying undesired effects of software. We apply this technique to emission cleaning systems in diesel cars but also to high-risk systems that evaluate humans in a possibly unfair or discriminating way. We demonstrate how our approach can assist humans-in-the-loop to make better informed and more responsible decisions. This is to promote effective human oversight, which will be a central requirement enforced by the European Union’s upcoming AI Act. We complement our technical contribution with a juridically, philosophically, and psychologically informed perspective on the potential problems caused by such systems.
Towards the automatic detection and correction of abnormal arterial pressure waveforms
Authors: Michard Frederic 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBoth over and underdamping of the arterial pressure waveform are frequent during continuous invasive radial pressure monitoring. They may influence systolic blood pressure measurements and the accuracy of cardiac output monitoring with pulse wave analysis techniques. It is therefore recommended to regularly perform fast flush tests to unmask abnormal damping. Smart algorithms have recently been developed for the automatic detection of abnormal damping. In case of overdamping, air bubbles, kinking, and partial obstruction of the arterial catheter should be suspected and eliminated. In the case of underdamping, resonance filters may be necessary to normalize the arterial pressure waveform and ensure accurate hemodynamic measurements.
Exploring the One Health Paradigm in Male Breast Cancer
Authors: Tay Kirsty Luo-Yng , Cowan George , Chatterji Subarnarekha , Conti Giulia , Speirs Valerie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHow cancer patterns in humans compare to those of other species remains largely unknown and there is an even bigger knowledge gap for rare cancers like male breast cancer. One Health is a convergence of human and animal healthcare that encourages cross-pollination of medical research uniting human and veterinary medicine. Recognising that breast cancer occurs spontaneously in other male species (e.g. primates, canines, felines), and knowing that no laboratory models exist for male breast cancer, which limits our ability to perform functional studies, we explored the feasibility of applying One Health to breast cancer in men by conducting a narrative review of the topic. Spontaneous development of breast cancer was reported in captive male primates and in companion canines and felines. Some parallels in tumour biology of human male breast cancer with canines and primates were found. The age distribution, pattern of biomarker expression and metastasis were similar, with mammary tumours typically detected after two-thirds of average lifespan. However, instances of triple negative and inflammatory breast cancer, which are rarely observed in human male breast cancer, were found in canines and histological classification was inconsistent between species. These disparities need redressing to enable full exploration of the One Health paradigm in rare cancers.
Bottom-up perspective – The role of roots and rhizosphere in climate change adaptation and mitigation in agroecosystems
Authors: George T. S. , Bulgarelli D. , Carminati A. , Chen Y. , Jones D. , Kuzyakov Y. , Schnepf A. , Wissuwa M. , Roose T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background and Aims
Climate change is happening and causing severe impact on the sustainability of agroecosystems. We argue that many of the abiotic stresses associated with climate change will be most acutely perceived by the plant at the root-soil interface and are likely to be mitigated at this globally important interface. In this review we will focus on the direct impacts of climate change, temperature, drought and pCO2, on roots and rhizospheres.

Methods and Results
We consider which belowground traits will be impacted and discuss the potential for monitoring and quantifying these traits for modelling and breeding programs. We discuss the specific impacts of combined stress and the role of the microbial communities populating the root-soil interface, collectively referred to as the rhizosphere microbiota, in interactions with roots under stress and discuss the plastic responses to stress as a way of adapting plants to climate change. We then go on to discuss the role that modelling has in understanding this complex problem and suggest the best belowground targets for adaptation and mitigation to climate change. We finish by considering where the main uncertainties lie, providing perspective on where research is needed.

Conclusion
This review therefore focuses on the potential of roots and rhizosphere to adapt to climate change effects and to mitigate their negative impacts on plant growth, crop productivity, soil health and ecosystem services.
Labor Borders: Recruitment of Central American Migrants in “Exodus” through Southern Mexico and Indigenous Mexican “Braceros” in the Californian Fields
Authors: Garrapa Anna Mary 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe article proposes the concept of “labor border” to explore the evolution of migration policies in the Central America-Mexico-USA region by investigating the dimension of work, through two case studies: (1) the US H-2A program for the temporary recruitment of foreign agricultural workers from Mexico; and subsequently (2) the Mexican regularization programs with temporary labor opportunity, implemented by the Mexican government in the context of the so-called “Central American exodus”: Social Emergency Program (Programa de Emergencia Social) and Sowing Life (Sembrando Vida). The objective of the research is to analyze how the political use of a labor border contributes to the social construction of a hierarchy of immigrant workers, as well as to the progressive closure of borders, and the outsourcing of control operations by the USA to the south of Mexico and other Central American countries. The research took place between March 2016 and December 2021, with a combination of mainly qualitative methodologies.