bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Entrainment Oscillator Mechanism underlies Human Beat Matching Performance
Authors: Mondok Chloe , Wiener Martin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHumans possess an innate ability to effortlessly entrain to auditory rhythms, which previous theories have linked to the supplementary motor area (SMA). Yet, whether entrainment, as measured by electrophysiological (EEG) recordings reflects actual processing of rhythms or merely a reflection of their periodical nature, is unknown. Here we conducted tested human participants on a novel beat matching task, in which they listened to two simultaneous tempos and asked to modulate the rate of a variable tempo (1.67-2.34 Hz between trials) to match a constant target tempo (2 Hz). EEG recordings exhibited entrainment to both frequencies at frontocentral electrodes that shifted into alignment over the course of each trial Behaviorally, participants tended to anchor the matched tempo to the starting comparison frequency, such that they underestimated the tempo for slower initial conditions and overestimated for faster initial conditions; further, tempo judgments were shifted away from the variable tempo on the previous trial. A model of phase-coupled oscillators, in which both tempos were pulled towards one another, replicated both effects. This model further predicted that by strengthening the coupling strength of the constant tempo oscillator, both bias effects could be eliminated. To test this, a second group of subjects underwent transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to the SMA phase-locked to the target tempo at 2 Hz. Consistent with model predictions, tACS attenuated both behavioral effects. Overall, these results provide causal support to the role of the SMA in entrainment during human beat matching.
Factors supporting the primary care physicians’ performance in Benin: a multiple case study
Authors: Bello Kéfilath , Lepeleire Jan De , Zannou Djimon Marcel , Criel Bart 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn Benin, as in many African countries, there is a gradual increase in physicians practising at the primary care level. A literature review showed that these primary care physicians (PCPs) have great potential for improving the quality of care. However, several conditions are necessary for this potential to be unlocked and for the PCPs to contribute effectively to strengthen their local health system. This study aims to understand the factors that underpin the performance of PCPs in Benin.MethodsWe conducted a multiple case study in which we analysed eight contrasting PCP practices spread across five health districts in Benin. The study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. We collected quantitative data through direct observations of the services provided by the PCPs. A descriptive statistical analysis of these data helped to assign performance scores to each PCP’s practices (for the technical quality of services and communication with patients). For the qualitative data collection, we conducted 40 in-depth interviews and 16 focus group discussions with PCPs, other health workers, health authorities, local authorities and other community members. This qualitative data was subjected to thematic content analysis to identify the factors that might explain the observed performances. We then constructed a matrix presenting all the cases studied and the potential performance factors. Finally, we carried out a cross-case analysis to identify the most critical factors supporting the performance of PCPs in Benin.ResultsThe PCPs’ performance scores ranged from 14.7 to 19.3 (out of 20) for communication and from 68% to 88% (out of 100%) for technical quality of care. Out of 14 potential performance factors retained after the first phase of the qualitative analysis, cross-analysis revealed nine factors that appeared to be essential in supporting the performance of PCPs in Benin in both the public and private sectors. These were (i) the values supporting the PCPs’ practices, (ii) the PCPs’ preparation to practice at first-line, (iii) the support provided to the PCPs from the hierarchy, peers or professional associations, (iv) the leadership mandate given to the PCPs and the degree of autonomy allocated to exert it, (v) the modalities of the financing of the PCPs’ practices, (vi) the accountability mechanisms in place to support the PCPs’ practices, (vii) the PCPs’ relationship with the rest of the primary care team and their leadership style, (viii) the PCPs’ collaboration with community leaders and other public officials, and (ix) the context in which the PCP’s practices are embedded.ConclusionThis study has enabled the identification of a series of factors that could act as levers for improving the practice of PCPs in Benin.
Definition of sinonasal and otologic exacerbation in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia - an expert consensus
Authors: Goutaki Myrofora , Lam Yin Ting , Anagiotos Andreas , Armengot Miguel , Burgess Andrea , Campbell Raewyn , Carlier Mathilde , Caversaccio Nathalie , Chadha Neil K. , Demir Berat , Dheyauldeen Sinan Ahmed D. , Gunaydin Onder , Harris Amanda , Hayn Isolde , Inal-Ince Deniz , Levi Eric , Fernandez Trini Lopez , Lucas Jane S. , Maitre Bernard , Poirrier Anne-Lise ML , Schofield Lynne , Takeuchi Kazuhiko , van Gogh Christine , Wolter Nikolaus E. , Papon Jean-François 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent infections of the nose, sinuses, and ears are common problems for people with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). While pulmonary exacerbations in PCD are defined, there is no definition for Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) exacerbations, a potential outcome for research and clinical trials.MethodsWe set up an expert panel of 24 ENT specialists, respiratory physicians, other healthcare professionals, and patients to develop consensus definitions of sinonasal and otologic exacerbations in children and adults with PCD for research settings. We reviewed the literature and used a modified Delphi approach with four electronic surveys.ResultsBoth definitions are based on a combination of major and minor criteria, requiring three major or two major and at least two minor criteria each. Major criteria for a sinonasal exacerbation are: 1) reported acute increase in nasal discharge or change in colour; 2) reported acute pain or sensitivity in the sinus regions; 3) mucopurulent discharge on examination. Minor criteria include: reported symptoms; examination signs; doctoŕs decision to treat; improvement after at least 14-days. Major criteria for the otologic exacerbation are: 1) reported acute ear pain or sensitivity, 2) reported acute ear discharge, 3) ear discharge on examination, 4) signs of otitis media in otoscopy. Minor criteria are: reported acute hearing problems; signs of acute complication; doctoŕs decision to treat.ConclusionThese definitions might offer a useful outcome measure for PCD research in different settings. They should be validated in future studies and trials together with other potential outcomes, to assess their usability.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Research Using the Autism Polygenic Score
Authors: de Wit M.M. , Morgan M.J. , Libedinsky I. , Austerberry C. , Begeer S. , Abdellaoui A. , Ronald A. , Polderman T.J.C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveGenetic factors play a substantial role in the etiology of autism and its co-occurrence with other conditions and traits. The autism polygenic score, derived from the latest autism case-control meta-genome-wide association studies, captures some of the accumulated influence of common genetic variants on autism. We reviewed and meta-analyzed published studies that assessed the relationship between this autism polygenic score and autism diagnosis, and autistic, behavioral and neurobiological traits.MethodSystematically searching public databases, we identified 72 studies and > 750 outcome measures. Included studies received a quality assessment.ResultsThe majority of included studies were rated as good quality. The autism polygenic score was most strongly associated with autism diagnosis (meta-analyticr= .162, 95% CI .066 – .258). The autism polygenic score was also significantly associated with autistic traits but to a lesser degree than for autism (meta-analyticr= .042 (95% CI .004 – .081). Associations with other outcomes were inconsistent and meta-analytic effect sizes were generally small (medianr= .03).ConclusionWe conclude that the current autism polygenic score is consistently associated with autism diagnostic status and autistic traits, but overlap between autism and other traits and conditions is not, from publications to date, explained significantly by the autism polygenic score. When compared to other mental conditions, autism is phenotypically and etiologically heterogeneous, which might drive the relatively modest associations observed with the autism polygenic score to date.
Prevalence and seroprevalence of COVID-19 infection among older people: A scoping review based on population-based studies in 2020-2022
Authors: Lei Jingxin , Soe Phyumar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccurate estimates of the prevalence of infections play an important role in COVID-19 surveillance. Older people are known to have higher risks of severe outcomes after infection, but whether they also have a higher infection rate remains unclear. To obtain estimates of COVID-19 prevalence among older people, we synthesized evidence from RT-PCR-based prevalence and serological studies.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Europe PMC,ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO COVID-19 Research Database from December 2019 to Oct 2022. We included population-based cross-sectional (sero)prevalence studies among older people (i.e., people aged >= 65 +/-5 years) who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection using RT-PCR tests, antigen tests, or serological tests. Studies that were conducted solely in institutional housing were excluded. Eligible studies were extracted and critically appraised. We described and mapped the prevalence (tested by RT-PCR or antigen tests) and seroprevalence (tested by serological tests) by geographical area and time. We then compared the estimated prevalence with WHO-reported prevalence and the prevalence among younger age groups from the same study.ResultsWe identified 202 (sero)prevalence estimates from 126 studies, covering 50 countries up to October 2022. Of the 126 studies, 28 studies estimated RT-PCR-based prevalence; 104 studies estimated seroprevalence, ranging from 0% in Jordan to 22.5% in the United States in 2020, from 0.41% in Brazil to 98% in Chile in 2021. In the year 2020, prevalence of COVID-19 ranged from 0.0006% in China, to 52.8% in Brazil, while in 2021, prevalence ranged from 0.06% in England to 41.1% in Brazil. The ratio of the reported prevalence to estimated prevalence ranged from <0.01 to 77.50, where 86% (24/28) studies estimated a higher prevalence than WHO reported and half of them estimated >10 times higher prevalence. One third of studies (32%, 9/28) estimated a higher prevalence in older people compared with younger people.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that underreporting of COVID-19 cases among older people may exist extensively worldwide. Compared with younger groups, older people were less likely to be infected with COVID-19 in two thirds of the studies through the first two years of the pandemic.
The Sexual and Reproductive Health needs and preferences of youths in sub-Saharan Africa: A meta-synthesis
Authors: Uka Victoria Kalu , White Helen , Smith Debbie M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of youths in sub-Saharan Africa are not being fully met, as evidenced by high rates of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections in this population. Understanding service needs and preferences of sub-Saharan African youths aged 10-24 years is critical for improving access and SRH outcomes and the focus of this systematic review of qualitative research. Four databases were searched with key words to identify relevant studies, supplemented by citation search, with an update in June 2023. The eligibility criteria were clear and developed a priori. Twenty included studies from seven countries underwent quality appraisal using CASP. A meta-ethnographic approach was used to synthesise concepts across studies by the researchers. Four key themes were generated:information needs; service needs; social needs; and delivery preferences. Information needs encompassed desires for age-appropriate education on contraception, safer sex, bodily changes, and healthy relationships to fill knowledge gaps. Social needs consisted of life skills training, vocational development, substance use rehabilitation, and support systems to foster healthy behaviours. Service needs included accessible youth-friendly sexual health services, preventative care, sexually transmitted Infections (STI) management, and contraception; and delivery preferences including competent providers who maintain privacy and confidentiality, convenient youth-oriented settings, free or low-cost provisions, and youth involvement in service design. In conclusion, the identified themes emphasise the diverse nature of SRH needs and preferences among sub-Saharan African youths. Insights from their unique priorities and unmet needs inform policy development and intervention strategies. Tailored awareness campaigns, youth-centred training for providers, youth-friendly and confidential SRH models, comprehensive education, and engaging youth in developing relevant solutions may improve acceptability, access, and health outcomes. These efforts could address barriers around stigma, costs, and lack of knowledge, contributing to enhanced SRH and wellbeing. Fulfilling youth SRH needs in sub-Saharan Africa requires commitment across sectors to evidence-based, youth-focused strategies placing their perspectives at the centre
Optimal waist circumference cut-off points for predicting Metabolic Syndrome among females of reproductive age in Wakiso district, central Uganda
Authors: Lubogo David , Wamani Henry , Mayega Roy William , Orach Christopher Garimoi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic Syndrome (MetS) poses a significant challenge to global public health, due to its strong association with Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Waist circumference (WC) is a convenient metric for diagnosing MetS. Our study sought to establish waist circumference cut-offs that predict MetS in females of reproductive age residing in Wakiso district in central Uganda.MethodsThe data collected were from a cross-sectional study conducted in Wakiso district, central Uganda, involving 697 randomly selected females aged 15 to 49 between June 9thand August 17th,2021. Data included MetS components: WC, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar. MetS status was identified based on two or more MetS components excluding WC. ROC analysis established the average optimal WC. The accuracy and performance of the cut-off points were evaluated through sensitivity, specificity, Positive likelihood ratio, and the Youden index.ResultsOf the 697 participants, 49.9% had two or more MetS risk factors. For females aged 15-49 years, the average optimal WC cut-off was 80.3 cm. Variations in optimal WC thresholds were observed across different age groups: 97.4 cm for (15-24 years), 79.9 cm (25-34 years), 85.6 cm (35-44 years), and 91.1 cm (45-54 years) respectively. The area under the ROC curve for these age groups ranged from 0.78 to 0.86, indicating good discriminatory capability. The sensitivity ranged from 85% to 97%, specificity from 58% to 88%, and the Youden Index from 0.557 to 0.729.ConclusionsA waist circumference of 80.3 cm is the optimal threshold for identifying Metabolic Syndrome in females between the ages of 15 and 49 years in the setting. This finding concurs with the guidance set forth by the International Diabetes Federation. Additionally, study participants had varying WC cut-offs ranging from 79.4 cm to 91.1 cm, depending on their age.
Socio-economic determinants of early antenatal care visit among pregnant women in Zambia (2007-2019): Evidence from the Zambia Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Ng’ambi Wingston Felix , Zyambo Cosmas , Hazemba Alice Ngoma , Muula Adamson Sinjani , Nkhoma Dominic , Hamonga Twaambo , Mwiche Angel 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONThe timing of antenatal care (ANC) attendance may affect outcomes for mother and child health. Using the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS), we describe the adoption of at least four early ANC (ANC4+) visits and early uptake of ANC among women of reproductive age in Zambia between 2007 and 2019.METHODSWe made use of ZDHS data gathered between 2007 and 2019. In this investigation, all women between the ages of 15 and 49 were taken into account. Early ANC4+ was the desired result, which was defined as having at least four ANC visits with the first ANC visit occurring during the first four months of pregnancy. In Stata v17, weighted univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.RESULTSA total of 11633 (56%) of the 20661 women enrolled in our study had received early initiation of ANC4+. We saw an increase in the proportion of women who started ANC4+ early, from 55% in 2007 to 63% in 2018/19. There was a decreasing trend in the odds of early ANC4+ initiation with parity, but an increasing trend in the odds of early ANC4+ initiation with a higher level of education. Being a member of a wealthier household was associated with a lower risk of ANC4+ (OR= 0.81, 95%CI: 0.66-0.99, P=0.03). Twenty-seven percent of the 12,333 women who had at least four ANC visits, regardless of the timing of their first visit, reported being late for ANC.CONCLUSIONEarly ANC4+ uptake increased in Zambia between 2007 and 2019. There were, however, disparities due to wealth, education, and parity. We found that 27% of women who were misclassified as having at least ANC4+ using conventional analysis were actually late for ANC. We provide some key considerations for ensuring that Zambia and other similar settings achieve universal antenatal care coverage by 2030.
Economic determinants of county-level mental health – United States, 2019
Authors: Bolduc Michele , Saberi Parya , Neilands Torsten B , Mercado Carla I , Battle Johnson Shanice , Freggens Zoe R.F. , Banks Desmond , Njai Rashid , Bullard Kai McKeever 
Published: March 2024

A better understanding of whether and how economic factors impact mental health can inform policy and program decisions to improve mental health. This study looked at the association between county-level economic factors and the prevalence of self-reported poor mental health among adults in US counties in 2019, overall and separately for urban and rural counties. General dominance analyses were completed to rank-order the relative importance of the selected variables in explaining county prevalence of adults reporting > 14 poor mental health days in the last 30 days (“poor mental health”). The highest weighted variables were assessed for the statistical significance of their relationships with county-level poor mental health through multiple linear regression. Across all models, the four highest-ranked economic factors were household income, receipt of Supplemental Security Income (SSI), population with a college degree, and receipt of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. The overall, rural, and urban models explained over 69% of the variation in poor mental health prevalence between counties. Urban and rural models also showed notable differences in the relationship between poor mental health and median home value and population with public insurance. The findings from this study indicate a significant association between several economic factors and poor mental health, which may inform decision makers in addressing mental health in the US.
Mitochondrial Raf1 Regulates Glutamine Catabolism
Authors: Shanderson Ronald L. , Ferguson Ian D. , Siprashvili Zurab , Ducoli Luca , Li Albert M. , Miao Weili , Srinivasan Suhas , Velasco Mary Grace , Li Yang , Ye Jiangbin , Khavari Paul 
Published: March 2024

One-Sentence SummaryRaf1 is present within the mitochondrial matrix, where it binds GLS to regulate glutamine catabolism and tumorigenesis.In cancer, Raf1 activation occurs via mechanisms that include mutation of upstream regulators, such as receptor tyrosine kinases and Ras GTPases, as well as by mutations that affectRAF1itself, including via gene amplification (1–4). Once recruited to the plasma membrane (PM) Raf1 can engage downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway signaling through phosphorylation of the MEK kinases (5). In addition to Raf1, A-Raf and B-Raf can also activate MEK and these other two Raf isoforms can compensate for MAPK activation in the event of Raf1 loss (6,7). Despite this, Raf1 remains essential for the development and maintenance of some tumors through mechanisms independent of MAPK activity (7,8). In this regard, Raf1 has well-described interactions outside the canonical MAPK pathway, including several with outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) proteins (9,10), although Raf1 has not been previously identified inside mitochondria. Mitochondria comprise a hub for various metabolic processes modulated in cancer cells to accommodate rapid proliferation. One such process is glutaminolysis, which involves the catabolism of glutamine to generate both ATP as well as precursors for the synthesis of fatty acids, nucleotides, and nonessential amino acids (11–13). Glutaminase (GLS) proteins, which catalyze the first and rate-limiting step of this process by converting glutamine to glutamate, are often upregulated in cancer (14–16). GLS activation has been previously associated with tumors driven by Ras, upstream regulators of Raf kinases (13,17). Here we identify Raf1 protein inside mitochondria where Raf1 associates with GLS in the mitochondrial matrix to enable glutamine catabolism and tumorigenic growth.Raf kinases play vital roles in normal mitogenic signaling and cancer, however, the identities of functionally important Raf-proximal proteins throughout the cell are not fully known. Raf1 proximity proteomics/BioID in Raf1-dependent cancer cells unexpectedly identified Raf1-adjacent proteins known to reside in the mitochondrial matrix. Inner-mitochondrial localization of Raf1 was confirmed by mitochondrial purification and super-resolution microscopy. Inside mitochondria, Raf1 associated with glutaminase (GLS) in diverse human cancers and enabled glutaminolysis, an important source of biosynthetic precursors in cancer. These impacts required Raf1 kinase activity and were independent of canonical MAP kinase pathway signaling. Kinase-dead mitochondrial matrix-localized Raf1 impaired glutaminolysis and tumorigenesis in vivo. These data indicate that Raf1 localizes inside mitochondria where it interacts with GLS to engage glutamine catabolism and support tumorigenesis.