bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon modulates the metabolism and utilization of phenolic compounds in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown at excess manganese
Authors: Dragišić Maksimović Jelena , Bogdanović Jelena , Maksimović Vuk , Nikolic Miroslav 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Chinese long) were grown in nutrient solution with increasing manganese (Mn) concentrations (0.5, 50, and 100 µM) with (+Si) or without silicon (–Si) supplied as silicic acid at 1.5 mM. High external Mn supply induced both growth inhibition of the whole plant and the appearance of Mn‐toxicity symptoms in the leaves. The application of Si alleviated Mn toxicity by increasing the biomass production. Although the total Mn concentration in the leaves did not differ significantly between +Si and –Si plants, symptoms of Mn toxicity were not observed in Si‐treated plants. The concentrations of phenolic compounds, particularly in the leaf extracts of cucumber plants grown at high external Mn concentrations, differed from those of plants grown without Si. The increased tissue concentrations of phenols (e.g., coniferyl alcohol, coumaric and ferulic acids) were in agreement with enhanced enzymes activities, i.e., peroxidases (PODs) and polyphenol oxidases (PPO) in the tissues of –Si plants. The activities of both enzymes were kept at a lower level in the tissue extracts of +Si plants grown at high external Mn concentrations. These results suggest that Si nutrition modulates the metabolism and utilization of phenolic compounds mainly at the leaf level, most probably as a consequence of the formation of Si‐polyphenol complexes.
The experimental observation and numerical modeling of cast film deformation using novel capillary markers
Authors: Hallmark Bart 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper presents experimental observations and numerical modeling of a new method to measure polymer deformation during film casting. The approach outlined in this paper uses a novel class of cast film termed microcapillary film (MCF). MCFs are “ribbon‐like” extrudates containing a parallel array of continuous, hollow, micro capillaries. The final shape and size of each capillary, along with the overall shape distribution of the entire array, is linked to the overall deformation of the film and is a complex function of polymer rheology, conditions within the extrusion die and the drawing of the extrudate prior to quenching. The first part of this paper is concerned with an experimental comparison between the external deformation of linear low‐density polyethylene MCFs and the internal, localized, capillary and polymer deformation. The second part of this paper presents numerical models of the die flow and the melt drawing of the MCF; these results are compared to the experimental data and also to models of capillary‐free cast films of similar dimensions. This paper shows that the deformation behaviors of MCFs and “ribbon‐like” cast films are similar (predominantly uniaxial) and that capillary deformation closely follows overall MCF deformation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 48:37–51, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Mechanical, thermal, and fire behavior of bisphenol a polycarbonate/multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Schartel B. , Braun U. , Knoll U. , Bartholmai M. , Goering H. , Neubert D. , Pötschke P. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractNanocomposites of bisphenol A polycarbonate with 2, 4, 6, and 15 wt% multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and their use in fire retardancy are investigated. Their thermal behavior and pyrolysis are characterized using thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimeter, oscillatory shear rheology, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The flammability is addressed using LOI and UL 94; the fire behavior, with a cone calorimeter using different irradiation. With increasing MWNT content the storage modulus is increased (10–20%) and melt viscosity increases by several orders of magnitude, particularly for low shear rates. The melt flow, dripping, and deformation during fire are hindered, which influences UL 94 and cone calorimeter results. The peak heat release rate is reduced up to 40–50% due to an improved barrier for small amounts (2 wt%) of MWNT and for low irradiation, whereas the effect is reduced for increasing irradiation and nearly vanishes for increasing filling. Adjuvant but also deleterious mechanisms result in the complex dependency on the MWNT content. Significant flame retardancy effects are specific and limited to only some fire properties. This study allows the materials' potential for implementation in different fire scenarios and tests to be assessed and provides insight into active mechanisms. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 48:149–158, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Equimolar “a2 + b4” polycondensations—Cyclic polyethers derived from 1,4‐dicyanotetrafluorobenzene and various diphenols
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Bornhorst Kirstin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDicyanotetrafluorobenzene was polycondensed with bisphenol‐P, bisphenol‐M, or 1,4‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenoxy)butane in DMF. Either K2CO3 and ethyldiisopropylamine (EDPA) or tetramethyl piperidine (TMPD) was used as catalysts and HF acceptors. Regardless of base and concentration, all polycondensations of bisphenol‐P or 1,4‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenoxy)butane yielded more or less crosslinked polyethers. In the case of bisphenol‐M, all polycondensations conducted with K2CO3 and 0.4, 0.2, or 0.1 M monomer concentrations resulted again in gelation. Gels were also obtained when polycondensations of 0.4 M monomer solutions were catalyzed with EDPA or TMPD. Yet, at a concentration of 0.2 M, the amines yielded completely soluble polyethers, which were characterized by elemental analyses, inherent viscosities, MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry, and DSC measurements. The mass spectra revealed that the soluble polyethers mainly consisted of cycles containing two CF bonds per repeat unit. Nearly quantitative substitution of the CF groups with 4‐chlorothiophenol, 4‐bromophenol, 4‐aminophenol, and 4‐phenyl azophenol proved successful, so that a broad variety of multifunctional polyethers was obtained, but in the case of 4‐chloro thiophenol cleavage of the polyether chain also occurred. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. JPolym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 543–551, 2008
Synthesis of tetrazole‐containing azo polymers with properties of photo‐induced birefringence and surface‐relief‐gratings via RAFT polymerization
Authors: Yu Liping , Zhang Zhengbiao , Chen Xinrong , Zhang Wei , Wu Jianhong , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Jian , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA novel optically active monomer, 6‐{4‐[4‐(1‐phenyl‐1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yloxy)‐phenylazo] ‐phenoxy}‐hexyl methacrylate (PTPPHMA) bearing tetrazole and azobenzol moieties, was synthesized and polymerized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using 2‐cyanoprop‐2‐yl dithiobenzoate (CPDB) as the RAFT agent and 2, 2′‐azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as the initiator. Well‐defined optically active photochromic polyPTPPHMA(PPTPPHMA) was obtained. “Living”/controlled characteristics were observed in the polymerization: well‐controlled molecular weights (Mns), narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn) of the polymers and successful chain‐extension of PPTPPHMA with styrene (St) as the second monomer. The photochemical interconversion between trans and cis isomers of PPTPPHMA in N,N′‐dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution was explored under irradiation of ultraviolet light. The photoinduced birefringence on the thin films of PPTPPHMA was investigated. A maximum birefringence of 0.1 was obtained, and no significant change of profiles of the birefringence after several cycles of writing/erasing/rewriting sequences was observed. The surface‐relief‐gratings (SRGs) were induced on the polymer films by interference of Kr+ laser beams at 413.1 nm with 35 mW/cm2 intensity, the diffraction efficiencies from SRGs were measured to be in the range of 2.0–2.5%. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed the gratings produced on the surfaces of the polymer film. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 682–691, 2008
Relationship between job burnout and occupational stress among doctors in China
Authors: Wu Siying , Zhu Wei , Li Huangyuan , Wang Zhiming , Wang Mianzhen 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the status of the job burnout of doctors and the variables associated with this in China. The sample consisted of 543 doctors from three provincial hospitals in China. The Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey (MBI‐GS) was used to measure burnout, and the occupational stress inventory revised edition was used to measure the two dimensions of occupational adjustment (including occupational stress and coping resources). After the statistical testing for validity and reliability of MBI‐GS with nurses in China, the participants' scores were evaluated and analysed. The main results were as follows. The scores of job burnout of the surgeon and physician were significantly higher than the others (p < 0.05). The score of exhaustion (EX) was significantly higher in the 30‐ to 40‐year age group than that in any other groups. The score of professional efficacy (PE) decreased with age, while this increased with educational status. Occupational stress was significantly positively related to all burnout dimensions (p < 0.05), while coping resources correlated negatively to all burnout dimensions. Under multilevel regression, the main significant predictors of EX were role overload, responsibility, physical environment and self‐care. The main significant predictors of cynicism were role insufficiency, role overload and responsibility, and of PE were role insufficiency, social support and rational/cognitive coping (p < 0.05). Organizational efforts aimed at reducing occupational stress and strengthening their coping resources among doctors could help prevent job burnout. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design review of buildings
Authors: Hart Gary C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to provide the reader with a documentation of the history of the development, including the language, of the provisions in the United States Building Codes for the design review of buildings in earthquake country. This paper also presents personal comments by the author about the development and intent of the provisions. The paper also presents suggestions for future improvement. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ground motion issues for seismic analysis of tall buildings: a status report
Authors: Bozorgnia Yousef , Campbell Kenneth W. , Luco Nicolas , Moehle Jack P. , Naeim Farzad , Somerville Paul , Yang T.Y. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) is coordinating a major multidisciplinary programme, the Tall Buildings Initiative (TBI), to address critical technical issues related to the design and analysis of new tall buildings located in coastal California. The authors of this paper, listed alphabetically, are involved in various research studies related to ground motion modelling, selection, modification and simulation for analysis of tall buildings. This paper summarizes the scope and progress of ongoing activities related to ground motion issues for response history analysis of tall buildings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large Metastatic Lymph Node Size, Especially More Than 2 cm: Independent Predictor of Poor Prognosis in Node‐Positive Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Cheong O. , Oh S. T. , Kim B. S. , Yook J. H. , Kim J. H. , Im J. T. , Park G. C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe presence of metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) is the most important prognostic factor for gastric carcinoma, with the number of MLNs thought to be predictive of the prognosis. However, there have been long‐standing debates on how to classify node‐positive patients into prognostic groups appropriately. Recent findings in patients with colon and esophageal cancer have suggested that MLN size, more than MLN number, is an important prognostic factor; but less is known about the impact of MLN size on the prognosis of patients with gastric carcinoma. We therefore assessed the prognostic impact of large MLNs, especially those ≥2 cm, in patients with gastric carcinoma. A total of 1190 patients who underwent curative resection for gastric carcinoma between 2001 and 2003 and had lymph node metastases were divided into two groups according to the size of the largest MLN: ≥2 cm (n = 51) vs. <2 cm (n = 1139). Clinicopathologic data, including tumor recurrence and survival, were reviewed retrospectively. The median follow‐up for living patients was 47 months (range 30–80 months). Age, sex ratio, type of surgery, and histologic classification did not correlate with MLN size. The depth of invasion did correlate with MLN size (T1–2 vs. T3–4, p = 0.045) but not with the number of MLNs (N stage, p = 0.311). The two groups showed similar distribution of stage according to the UICC/AJCC TNM staging system. Disease‐free survival (34% vs. 53%, p < 0.001) and overall survival (40% vs. 63%, p = 0.011) were significantly worse in the large MLN group. Univariate analysis with the log‐rank test showed that MLN ≥2 cm, type of surgery, T stage, N stage, and histologic classification had a significant impact on overall survival. Multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazard model showed that MLN ≥2 cm was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 1.76, p = 0.006), along with T stage and N stage. MLN ≥2 cm is an independent additional predictor of poor prognosis in patients with node‐positive gastric carcinoma.
Lateral Lymph Node Dissection Guided by Preoperative and Intraoperative Findings in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe lateral compartment frequently demonstrates metastasis from thyroid carcinoma. In contrast to that for central lymph node dissection, the indication for lateral node dissection remains controversial.MethodsIn this review we evaluate the indication of lateral lymph node dissection in papillary and follicular carcinomas based on the findings of previous reports, including those from our institute.ResultsLymph node metastasis and recurrence at the lymph node are common events in papillary carcinoma. In particular, the lymph node recurrence rate in patients with clinically apparent lateral node metastasis (N1b) is high, not only in compartments that have not been dissected but also in those previously dissected, even if therapeutic lateral node dissection is performed. For N0 or N1a papillary carcinomas, male gender, being 55 or more years of age, a tumor larger than 3 cm, and massive extrathyroid extension are independent risk factors of lymph node recurrence, and patients with tumors having two or more of these clinicopathologic features showed high lymph node recurrence rates even if they underwent prophylactic lateral node dissection. In follicular carcinoma, node metastasis and recurrence at the node are rare events but they occasionally can be observed, especially in tumors with massive extrathyroid extension and poor differentiation.ConclusionN1b is an absolute indication for lateral lymph node dissection. Prophylactic lateral node dissection is also recommended in N0 or N1a papillary carcinoma, if the lesion shows two or more of the aggressive characteristics indicated above. For follicular carcinoma, prophylactic node dissection is not mandatory but can be an option for tumors demonstrating aggressive characteristics or histologic types.
Perception of facial expressions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A dimensional approach
Authors: Montagne B. , de Geus F. , Kessels R.P.C. , Denys D. , de Haan E.H.F. , Westenberg H.G.M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe study examined the perception of facial expressions of different emotional intensities in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) subtypes. Results showed that the High Risk Assessment and Checking subtype was more sensitive in perceiving the emotions fear and happiness. This suggests that altered affective processing may underlie the clinical manifestation of OCD.
Acute effects on metabolism and appetite profile of one meal difference in the lower range of meal frequency
Authors: Smeets Astrid J. , Westerterp-Plantenga Margriet S. 
Published: December 2007

A gorging pattern of food intake has been shown to enhance lipogenesis and increase body weight, which may be due to large fluctuations in storage and mobilisation of nutrients. In a state of energy balance, increasing meal frequency, and thereby decreasing inter-meal interval, may prevent large metabolic fluctuations. Our aim was to study the effect of the inter-meal interval by dividing energy intake over two or three meals on energy expenditure, substrate oxidation and 24 h satiety, in healthy, normal-weight women in a state of energy balance. The study was a randomised crossover design with two experimental conditions. During the two experimental conditions subjects (fourteen normal-weight women, aged 24·4 (sd 7·1) years, underwent 36 h sessions in energy balance in a respiration chamber for measurements of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. The subjects were given two (breakfast, dinner) or three (breakfast, lunch, dinner) meals per d. We chose to omit lunch in the two meals condition, because this resulted in a marked difference in inter-meal-interval after breakfast (8·5 h v. 4 h). Eating three meals compared with two meals had no effects on 24 h energy expenditure, diet-induced thermogenesis, activity-induced energy expenditure and sleeping metabolic rate. Eating three meals compared with two meals increased 24 h fat oxidation, but decreased the amount of fat oxidised from the breakfast. The same amount of energy divided over three meals compared with over two meals increased satiety feelings over 24 h. In healthy, normal-weight women, decreasing the inter-meal interval sustains satiety, particularly during the day, and sustains fat oxidation, particularly during the night.
Reproducibility of systematic literature reviews on food, nutrition, physical activity and endometrial cancer
Authors: Thompson RL , Bandera EV , Burley VJ , Cade JE , Forman D , Freudenheim JL , Greenwood D , Jacobs DR , Kalliecharan RV , Kushi LH , McCullough ML , Miles LM , Moore DF , Moreton JA , Rastogi T , Wiseman MJ 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveDespite the increasing dependence on systematic reviews to summarise the literature and to issue public health recommendations, the formal assessment of the reliability of conclusions emerging from systematic reviews has received little attention. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate whether two independent centres, in two continents, draw similar conclusions regarding the association of food, nutrition and physical activity and endometrial cancer, when provided with the same general instructions and with similar resources.DesignThe assessment of reproducibility concentrated on four main areas: (1) paper search and selection; (2) assignment of study design; (3) inclusion of ‘key’ papers; and (4) individual studies selected for meta-analysis and the summary risk estimate obtained.ResultsIn total 310 relevant papers were identified, 166 (54 %) were included by both centres. Of the remaining 144 papers, 72 (50 %) were retrieved in the searches of one centre and not the other (54 in centre A, 18 in centre B) and 72 were retrieved in both searches but regarded as relevant by only one of the centres (52 in centre A, 20 in centre B). Of papers included by both centres, 80 % were allocated the same study design. Agreement for inclusion of cohort-type and case–control studies was about 63 % compared with 50 % or less for ecological and case series studies. The agreement for inclusion of 138 ‘key’ papers was 87 %. Summary risk estimates from meta-analyses were similar.ConclusionsTransparency of process and explicit detailed procedures are necessary parts of a systematic review and crucial for the reader to interpret its findings.
Single Motherhood Versus Poor Partner Relationship: Outcomes for Antenatal Mental Health
Authors: Bilszta Justin L.C. , Tang Melissa , Meyer Denny , Milgrom Jeannette , Ericksen Jennifer , Buist Anne E. 
Published: December 2007

Objective: In the transition to parenthood, lack of social support significantly impacts on maternal mood. This paper compares the influence of single-mother status and level of partner support in a partnered relationship, on antenatal emotional health. Methods: Antenatal demographic, psychosocial and mental health data, as determined by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score, were collected from 1578 women. The association between these variables, and marital status, was investigated using logistic regression. Results: Sixty-two women (3.9%) were identified as single/unpartnered. Elevated EPDS scores (>12) were found in 15.2% (240/1578) of the total cohort and 25.8% (16/62) of the single/unpartnered women. EPDS scores were significantly lower for single/unpartnered women than for women with unsupportive partners (8.9±5.3 vs 11.9±6.5, p<0.001). Compared to the partnered cohort, single/unpartnered women were more likely to have experienced ≥2 weeks of depression before the current pregnancy (p<0.05), a previous psychopathology (p<0.001), emotional problems during the current pregnancy (p<0.01) and major life events in the last year (p<0.01). Binary logistic regression modelling to predict antenatal EPDS scores suggests that this is mediated by previous psychiatric history (p<0.001) and emotional problems during pregnancy (p=0.02). Conclusion: Women in a partnered-relationship with poor partner-derived support were at an increased risk of elevated antenatal EPDS scores compared to single/unpartnered women. A previous history of depression and current emotional problems, rather than single mother status, were significant risk factors for elevated EPDS scores. The present study reiterates the contribution of psychosocial risk factors as important mediators of antenatal emotional health.
Retrospective multicentre study of the new minimally invasive mesh repair devices for pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Abdel‐fattah M , Ramsay I ,   West of Scotland Study Group
Published: December 2007

Objectives  To assess the complications and short‐term outcomes of prolapse repair mesh devices used in the management of female pelvic organ prolapse (POP).Design  Retrospective cohort study.Setting  Multicentre study involving a tertiary referral urogynaecology unit and two district general hospitals.Population  329 women who underwent surgical management of prolapse with various prolapse repair mesh devices in the period between January 2005 and December 2006.Methods  Women were identified from theatre records. An independent clinician performed a case notes review during the period March to May 2007.Main Outcome Measures  Complication rates and the short‐term cure at 3‐month follow‐up (defined as ≤stage I prolapse on the POP‐Q or Baden Walker scoring systems).Results  A total of 289 women were included: 219 (76%) used the Gynecare prolapse repair mesh devices, while 70 women (24%) used the American Medical Systems prolapse repair mesh devices. Operative complications included: bladder injury (1.6%), rectal injury (1.1%) and two women with serious vascular injuries. Postoperative complications included: buttock pain (5.2%), vaginal erosion (10%), one woman with bladder erosion and two women (0.7%) with serious infection, leading to necrotising fasciitis in one woman. Short‐term cure rates in different groups varied from 94 to 100%, depending on vaginal compartment and device used. In total 15 women (5%) had persistent prolapse at 3‐month follow up.Conclusion  The new prolapse repair mesh devices demonstrate excellent short‐term cure and low morbidity rates. However, some complications are serious and require highly specialised management. Rigorous evaluation by means of independent, controlled studies is urgently required.