bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harmonic scalpel versus conventional electrosurgery in the treatment of vulvar cancer
Authors: Pellegrino Antonio , Fruscio Robert , Maneo Andrea , Corso Silvia , Battistello Marco , Chiappa Valentina , Stomati Massimo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo compare differences in blood loss, operative time, and intra‐ and postoperative complications with the harmonic scalpel or conventional electrosurgery in the treatment of vulvar cancer.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent radical vulvectomy with inguinal lymphadenectomy using the harmonic scalpel (HS) or conventional electrosurgery (CE) were compared.ResultsA total of 42 patients were included, 22 in the HS group and 20 in the CE group. Mean blood loss was significantly less in the HS group compared with the CE group (127 mL vs 210 mL; P < 0.05) and mean operative time was significantly shorter with the HS compared with CE (117 minutes vs 142 minutes; P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in postoperative complications.ConclusionUse of the harmonic scalpel for surgical treatment of vulvar cancer is safe and has several advantages, including decreased operative time and blood loss, improved visibility in the operative field, and good postoperative outcome.
Effects of hormone therapy with estrogen and/or progesterone on sleep pattern in postmenopausal women
Authors: Hachul Helena , Bittencourt Lia R.A. , Andersen Monica L. , Haidar Mauro A. , Baracat Edmund C. , Tufik Sergio 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of estrogen and progesterone on sleep in postmenopausal women.MethodThe 33 participants were randomly assigned to an estrogen or placebo group after undergoing clinical and hormonal assessments and a polysomnogram, and they underwent the same tests again after 12 weeks. Then, while still taking estrogen or placebo, they all received progesterone for another 12 weeks and underwent a final polysomnogram.ResultsEstrogen plus progesterone was more effective than estrogen alone in decreasing the prevalence of periodic limb movement (PLM) (8.1% vs 2.8%), hot flashes (14.2% vs 0%), and bruxism (11.1% vs 0%) at night, or somnolence and attention difficulty during the day. The prevalences of breathing irregularities, arousal from sleep, anxiety, and memory impairment were decreased in both groups following progesterone treatment.ConclusionWhile not significantly affecting sleep quality, hormone therapy decreased the prevalence of arousal in both groups and that of PLM in the group treated with estrogen plus progesterone.
Thermal effect on sulfide inclusions in diamonds (from experimental data)
Authors: Chepurov A.I. , Fedorov I.I. , Sonin V.M. , Logvinova A.M. , Chepurov A.A. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The effect of high temperature on sulfide inclusions in diamonds was studied. The object of study was sulfide-bearing diamond crystals from Yakutian kimberlite pipes. The experiments were carried out on a multiple anvil apparatus BARS with a solid-phase refractory oxide cell at 5.0 GPa and 1000–1600 °C. In the temperature range from 1350 to 1450 °C, the crack rosettes around sulfide inclusions in diamond crystals were decolorized but the position of inclusions in diamond crystals did not change. The “decolorization” seems to be due to the fact that disseminated sulfide particles were molten, consolidated, and then removed from the cracks. At a higher temperature (1600 °C) inclusions turned black as a result of diamond graphitization.
Dynamic conversion of head waves in seismic data processing
Authors: Emanov A.F. , Seleznev B.C. , Korshik N.A. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
We suggest a new technique for processing head-wave data with a multistage Wiener filter, which provides conversion and stacking of head waves from a receiver array into a user-specified point. Different conversion algorithms are compared and shown to be a combination of parallel and serial Wiener filters.
The Wiener filter accuracy for a conversion iteration depends on the in-line fold and on the coherence spectrum. The latter describes the signal/noise ratio dependence where head waves are the signal and the noise includes all other components and microseisms. Equations for the accuracy of head-wave traces have been derived from a corresponding equation for a single conversion iteration using the multistage Wiener filter schemes and proceeding from the theory of coupling stochastic systems. The obtained equations are applicable to different field data processing algorithms.
The discussed conversion algorithms differ in noise regularization and are fit for data of any quality.
Improving inversion quality for IP-affected TDEM data
Authors: Antonov E.Yu. , Shein A.N. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
We suggest new inversion techniques for IP-affected TDEM data. The method implies joint inversion of inductive and galvanic measurements, the galvanic array being configured in a way to separate the polarization and induction components of transient responses from a layered polarizable earth. The IP effects turned out to be reducible at a certain receiver configuration, which was predicted theoretically and proved valid in field tests.
Comparative analysis of clay mineral evolution under the conditions of humid and arid lithogenesis
Authors: Kotel’nikov D.D. , Zinchuk N.N. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Humid lithogenesis is characterized by the accumulation and postsedimentary transformation of eluvial products within terrigenous and terrigenous-carbonate (with calcite) formations containing mainly dioctahedral clay minerals. Platform fresh-water sediments of early-catagenesis zone accumulate 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 varieties, with a predominance of expanding layers in the latter. In sand-silty rocks authigenic kaolinite also appears. Trioctahedral chlorite of generation I is developed from the top of this zone in both clayey and sand-silty marine deposits. Also, mixed-layer minerals are synthesized: montmorillonite-glauconite at the top of the zone and montmorillonite-hydromica at the bottom.
Arid lithogenesis is controlled by the accumulation of sediments of terrigenous-carbonate (with dolomite), carbonate, and halogen formations. In contrast to the terrigenous and aclimatic volcanogenic formations, these ones are dominated by trioctahedral clay minerals: chlorite, sepiolite, and mixed-layer chlorite-based minerals. In early-catagenesis zone, sepiolite, palygorskite (di-analog of sepiolite), and halloysite quickly transform into talc- and chlorite-saponite and kaolinite, respectively. In hypergenesis zone climate is the main factor, whereas in early-catagenesis zone, especially in arid environments, the chemical composition of the medium plays a significant role. In late-catagenesis zone, degradation products of mica and montmorillonite transform first into varieties with less than 40% and somewhat more than 40% expanding layers, respectively, whereas trioctahedral minerals preserve up to 50% such layers. This process is accompanied by the recrystallization of both allothigenic and authigenic minerals with the transition of scaly montmorillonite into bladed hydromica, with the authigenic minerals of halogen-formation sediments characterized by the most perfect crystal habits and regular structures. In metagenesis zone, di-minerals of orogenic-area sediments transform into sericite, and trioctahedral minerals, into more magnesian chlorite of generation II. This indicates that in late-catagenesis and metagenesis zones, the PT-conditions of the environment are of crucial importance.
Minerals of the pseudobinary perovskite-brownmillerite series from combustion metamorphic larnite rocks of the Hatrurim Formation (Israel)
Authors: Sharygin V.V. , Sokol E.V. , Vapnik Ye. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Brownmillerite, Fe-perovskite, and two intermediate phases (Ca3Ti(Fe,Al)2O8 and Ca5Ti(Fe,Al)4O13) were found in combustion metamorphic high-temperature larnite rocks of the Hatrurim Basin, Israel. This is the first finding evidencing the existence of the pseudobinary perovskite-brownmillerite series in nature. Fe-perovskite contains the Ca2(Fe,Al)2O5 end-member (up to 18 mole %), whereas brownmillerite Ca2(Fe1−xAlx)2O5 with x = 0.15−0.55 is enriched in the CaTiO3 end-member (up to 15 mole %). The intermediate phases are Ca3Ti(Fe,Al)2O8(phase X) and Ca5Ti(Fe,Al)4O13 (phase Y), which have synthetic analogs. In some larnite rocks, the phase X is the only member of the perovskite-brownmillerite series. It is clustered into two compositional groups, Ca3Ti(Fe1.3Al0.7)O8 and Ca3Ti(Fe1.6Al0.4)O8. The phase Y is extremely rare and has the composition Ca5Ti(Fe0.76Al0.24)4O13. The presence of minor Si, Cr, Sr, Zr, and LREE is common for all minerals of the series. The Fe-perovskite + brownmillerite paragenesis was found in none of the studied rocks, which is consistent with the CaTiO3–Ca2Fe2O3 phase diagram. The rocks bear either one phase or two or three phases (Fe-perovskite + phase X; brownmillerite + phase X ± phase Y). According to the CaTiO3–Ca2Fe2O3 diagram, the minimum formation temperature for the Hatrurim larnite rocks estimated from the Fe-perovskite + phase X paragenesis is 1170–1200 °C. This paragenesis is proposed as a new thermometer for metacarbonate rocks of the high-temperature region of the spurrite-merwinite facies.
Gold-brannerite nuggets in placers of the Ozernoe ore cluster (Buryatia)
Authors: Mironov A.G. , Karmanov N.S. , Mironov A.A. , Khodyreva E.V. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Large gold-brannerite aggregates (nuggets up to 50 g in weight) were found in placers of the Ozernoe ore cluster, western Transbaikalia. Brannerite occurs as large crystals and crystal aggregates and has the near-stoichiometric composition UTi2O6. It lacks REE, contains little, if any, Th, and has admixtures of FeO (2.0–3.7 wt.%), CaO (up to 2.7 wt.%), and SiO2 (up to 2.14 wt.%). It also bears fine (&lt;1 μm) inclusions of Au-Ag- and Bi-containing tellurium minerals and bismuth minerals. Gold occurs in cracks of brannerite or aggregates with it on coprecipitation from solutions. Gold was also found as fine (1–3 μm) segregations in muscovite. Accessory minerals are hematite, barite, rutile (containing 0.36–3.61 wt.% FeO and up to 7.5 wt.% WO3), dolomite, siderite, and muscovite. High contents of Te and Bi were detected in Fe, Ti, and U hydroxides. A specific relationship between gold and rutile has been revealed both in large aggregates and in gold microinclusions (&lt;1 μm) in rutile grains. In composition and paragenesis the studied gold-brannerite association is similar to ores of the El’kon type (Central Aldan) related to the Mesozoic magmatism.
HOCHSCHILD (CO)HOMOLOGY OF ℤ2×ℤ2-GALOIS COVERINGS OF QUANTUM EXTERIOR ALGEBRAS
Authors: BO HOU , YUNGE XU 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLetAq=k〈x,y〉/(x2,xy+qyx,y2) be the quantum exterior algebra over a fieldkwith$\mathrm {char}\,k\neq 2$, and let Λqbe the ℤ2×ℤ2-Galois covering ofAq. In this paper the minimal projective bimodule resolution of Λqis constructed explicitly, and from it we can calculate thek-dimensions of all Hochschild homology and cohomology groups of Λq. Moreover, the cyclic homology of Λqcan be calculated in the case where the underlying field is of characteristic zero.
HEAT KERNEL BOUNDS, POINCARÉ SERIES, AND L2 SPECTRUM FOR LOCALLY SYMMETRIC SPACES
Authors: WEBER ANDREAS 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe derive upper Gaussian bounds for the heat kernel on complete, noncompact locally symmetric spaces M=Γ∖X with nonpositive curvature. Our bounds contain the Poincaré series of the discrete group Γ and therefore we also provide upper bounds for this series.
NATURALLY ORDERED TRANSFORMATION SEMIGROUPS PRESERVING AN EQUIVALENCE
Authors: SUN LEI , PEI HUISHENG , CHENG ZHENGXING 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLet 𝒯X be the full transformation semigroup on a set X and E be a nontrivial equivalence on X. Write then TE(X) is a subsemigroup of 𝒯X. In this paper, we endow TE(X) with the so-called natural order and determine when two elements of TE(X) are related under this order, then find out elements of TE(X) which are compatible with ≤ on TE(X). Also, the maximal and minimal elements and the covering elements are described.
ON THE NUMBER OF REPRESENTATIONS OF INTEGERS BY CERTAIN QUADRATIC FORMS
Authors: COOPER SHAUN 
Published: September 2008

AbstractGenerating functions are used to derive formulas for the number of representations of a positive integer by each of the quadratic forms x12+x22+x32+2x42, x12+2x22+2x32+2x42, x12+x22+2x32+4x42 and x12+2x22+4x32+4x42. The formulas show that the number of representations by each form is always positive. Some of the analogous results involving sums of triangular numbers are also given.
CONTINUITY OF MEASURABLE HOMOMORPHISMS
Authors: BRZDȨK JANUSZ 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe give some general results concerning continuity of measurable homomorphisms of topological groups. As a consequence we show that a Christensen measurable homomorphism of a Polish abelian group into a locally compact topological group is continuous. We also obtain similar results for the universally measurable homomorphisms and the homomorphisms that have the Baire property.
DISCRETE AND DENSE SUBGROUPS ACTING ON COMPLEX HYPERBOLIC SPACE
Authors: CAO WENSHENG 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we study the discreteness criteria for nonelementary subgroups of U(1,n;ℂ) acting on complex hyperbolic space. Several discreteness criteria are obtained. As applications, we obtain a classification of nonelementary subgroups of U(1,n;ℂ) and show that any dense subgroup of SU(1,n;ℂ) contains a dense subgroup generated by at most n elements when n≥2. We also obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the normalizer of a discrete and nonelementary subgroup in SU(1,n;ℂ) to be discrete.
Food and Welfare in India, c. 1900–1950
Authors: Amrith Sunil S. 
Published: September 2008

In 2001, the People's Union for Civil Liberties submitted a writ petition to the Supreme Court of India on the “right to food.” The petitioner was a voluntary human rights organization; the initial respondents were the Government of India, the Food Corporation of India, and six state governments. The petition opens with three pointed questions posed to the court:A.Does the right to life mean that people who are starving and who are too poor to buy food grains ought to be given food grains free of cost by the State from the surplus stock lying with the State, particularly when it is reported that a large part of it is lying unused and rotting?B.Does not the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution of India include the right to food?C.Does not the right to food, which has been upheld by the Honourable Court, imply that the state has a duty to provide food especially in situations of drought, to people who are drought affected and are not in a position to purchase food?
Extracorporeal oxygenation support for curative surgery in a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma invading the trachea
Authors: Jeon H-K , So Y K , Yang J-H , Jeong H-S 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective:Local extension of thyroid carcinoma can result in massive invasion of the trachea, causing severe airway compromise. The pre- and peri-operative management of such airway compromise is difficult but critical. We report the use of extracorporeal oxygenation support as an alternative peri-operative airway management option in such a situation. This approach facilitated curative surgery in a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma invading the trachea.Method:We present a case report regarding extracorporeal oxygenation support in a patient with locally advanced thyroid carcinoma.Results:The patient was a 68-year-old woman with aggressive thyroid papillary carcinoma invading the trachea. The airway was almost totally obstructed, and tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis was planned. A venovenous bypass catheter was placed for cardiopulmonary bypass, using the bilateral femoral veins. Curative surgery and reconstruction were then performed successfully, under general anaesthesia assisted by cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenation.Conclusion:Cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenation is a safe and effective alternative airway management option in patients with locally aggressive thyroid cancer.
Analysis of causes for late presentation of Indian patients with vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Ambett R , Rupa V , Rajshekhar V 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective:To determine the causes of delay in diagnosis and treatment of Indian patients with vestibular schwannomas.Methods:In a prospective study from 2003 to 2005, 50 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma were interviewed to determine the causes for (1) the delay between the patient noting the initial symptom and the definitive diagnosis, and (2) the reasons for delayed diagnosis.Results:In 90 per cent of patients, the initial symptom was either hearing loss (62 per cent), vertigo (24 per cent) or tinnitus (4 per cent). However, most patients had been diagnosed and had presented for surgery only after neurological symptoms had became apparent. The delay between the initial medical consultation and the final diagnosis ranged from one month to 204 months (mean ± standard deviation, 32.2 ± 38.9 months). After the patient had noted symptoms, the diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma was delayed due to doctor-related causes in 80 per cent of cases, and due to patient-related causes in 20 per cent. Delay following diagnosis was minimal.Conclusions:Delay in the diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma in Indian patients is due to both doctor- and patient-related factors.
The magnitude and sustainability of marine mammal by-catch in fisheries in East Malaysia
Authors: Jaaman Saifullah A. , Lah-Anyi Yuhana U. , Pierce Graham J. 
Published: September 2008

The magnitude and sustainability of incidental catches of marine mammals in fisheries was investigated in Sabah and Sarawak, East Malaysia, using a combination of interview surveys and observer trips on fishing boats. These fisheries involve around 15,000 registered fishing boats and generate annual landings of around 350,000 tonnes. Between March 1997 and December 2004, we interviewed fishermen working on 753 and 358 boats in Sabah and Sarawak, respectively, who were employing trawl nets, purse seines, gillnets and fish stakes. They were asked questions about sightings of marine mammals and interactions with fishing. We also followed 36 trawl and 10 purse seine fishing trips in Sabah between June 2003 and December 2004. Fishing was conducted in coastal waters and total annual catches by each method and region were estimated. Incidental catches of marine mammals were reported by fishermen from 310 (41%) and 99 (28%) fishing boats in Sabah and Sarawak, respectively. Gill-netters, trawlers and fish stakes were reported to catch cetaceans and dugongs, while purse seiners caught only cetaceans. The Irrawaddy dolphin, bottlenose dolphin, spinner dolphin, pantropical spotted dolphin, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin and finless porpoise are the cetacean species known to be taken. Overall, the magnitude of incidental catches of marine mammals is greatest in gillnets. No marine mammal catches were seen during observer trips. Interview results suggest annual by-catches of 306 (95% CI = 250–369) cetaceans and 479 (95% CI = 434–528) dugongs in Sabah. Estimates for Sarawak were 221 (95% CI = 189–258) cetaceans per year and 14 (95% CI = 2–30) dugongs. These results suggest that by-catch rates, particularly in gillnets, may be unsustainably high. A dedicated monitoring and educational programme, together with the establishment of Marine Protected Areas, is urgently needed to minimize the threat.
Bathymetric range, density and reproductive biology of the deep-sea cirrate octopus Opisthoteuthis calypso in the Portuguese continental slope
Authors: Rosa Rui , Pereira João , Moreno Ana 
Published: September 2008

The aim of the present study was to provide the first analysis of depth distribution and reproductive biology in the deep-sea cirrate octopus Opisthoteuthis calypso along the Portuguese continental slope. We used 77 specimens obtained in 7 research cruises between 1996 and 2003. Catch rates and biomass, weights, lengths, sex and maturity stages, and a morphometric description of the beak are detailed. Specimens have been collected from 553 to 960 m depth, south of 39°N, in approximately 1:1 sex-ratio. Females are larger (80:75 mm mantle length) and heavier (622:346 g total body weight) than males and both sexes have been caught in all stages of maturity in equal proportions.
Abundance and distribution of the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) on the north coast of Anglesey, Wales, UK
Authors: Shucksmith Richard , Jones Nia H. , Stoyle George W. , Davies Andrew , Dicks Emily F. 
Published: September 2008

A three year study was undertaken during 2002 to 2004 from May to September to estimate abundance and density of harbour porpoises on the north coast of Anglesey, Wales, UK. There were no ecological data regarding the harbour porpoises in Anglesey waters so the ability to influence conservation measures was highly constrained.Boat based transects using distance sampling techniques were applied so a robust estimate of density and abundance could be attained. The study area consisted of a block approximately 489 km2extending from the east of Point Lynas to the west of South Stack on north coast of Anglesey. The study area was divided into 5 blocks consisting of 31 perpendicular transect lines to the shore. Each of the transect lines were surveyed 1–5 times by the end of the three year study.Based on the assumption that g(0) = 1 the density of harbour porpoises for the 489 km2study site was estimated to be 0.630 individuals/km2(CV = 0.20) and the abundance is estimated to be 309 individuals (CV = 0.20). Heterogeneity in density and abundance was observed across the 5 blocks which showed Point Lynas and South Stack to have the highest densities. This distribution was closely associated to fine-scale oceanographic features which cause prey to be concentrated and may facilitate foraging for harbour porpoises. The study showed that Anglesey provides coastal habitats for the harbour porpoise and was the first study of this kind in North Wales, UK.
Induction of immunity in sheep toFasciola hepaticawith mimotopes of cathepsin L selected from a phage display library
Authors: VILLA-MANCERA A. , QUIROZ-ROMERO H. , CORREA D. , IBARRA F. , REYES-PÉREZ M. , REYES-VIVAS H. , LÓPEZ-VELÁZQUEZ G. , GAZARIAN K. , GAZARIAN T. , ALONSO R. A. 
Published: September 2008

SUMMARYAn M13 phage random 12-mers peptide library was used to screen cathepsin L mimotopes ofFasciola hepaticaand to evaluate their immunogenicity in sheep. Seven clones showed positive reactivity to a rabbit anti-cathepsin L1/L2 antiserum in ELISA, and their amino acid sequences deduced by DNA sequencing were tentatively mapped on the protein. Twenty sheep were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 5 animals each, for immunization with 1×1014phage particles of clones 1, 20, a mixture of 7 clones and PBS, without adjuvant at the beginning, and 4 weeks later. All groups were challenged with 300 metacercariae at week 6 and slaughtered 16 weeks later. The mean worm burdens after challenge were reduced by 47·61% and 33·91% in sheep vaccinated with clones 1 and 20, respectively; no effect was observed in animals inoculated with the clone mixture. Also, a significant reduction in worm size and burden was observed for those sheep immunized with clone 1. Animals receiving clone 20, showed a significant reduction in egg output. Immunization induced a reduction of egg viability ranging from 58·92 to 82·11%. Furthermore, vaccinated animals produced clone-specific antibodies which were boosted after challenge with metacercariae ofF. hepatica.