bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological Characteristics, Survival and Prognostic Factors in Gastrointestinal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Chang Lele , Zhang Xuemei , Li Jiaxin , Li Qingwei 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Gastrointestinal large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (GILCNEC) has a low incidence but high malignancy and poor prognosis.The main purpose of this study was to thoroughly investigate its clinicopathological features, survival and prognostic factors.

Methods:
Information on patients with GILCNEC was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result program, and prognostic factors were analyzed by analyzing clinicopathological data and survival functions. Finally, multivariate analysis was applied to identify independent risk factors associated with survival.

Results:
A total of 531 individuals were screened in our study from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result database. The primary sites are mainly from the following: esophagus in 39 (7.3%) patients, stomach in 72 (13.6%) patients, hepatobiliary in 51 (9.6%) patients, pancreas in 97 (18.3%) patients, small intestines in 27 (5.1%), and colorectum in 245 (46.1%) patients. Esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and colorectum large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) were more common in males (P = 0.001). Esophagus LCNEC had inferior overall survival (OS), whereas small intestine LCNEC was associated with better OS. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the American Joint Committee on Cancer Sixth Edition stage, surgery, and radiotherapy were independent prognostic indicators of OS in patients with GILCNEC (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The prognosis of patients with GILCNEC varies depending on the primary tumor site. American Joint Committee on Cancer Sixth Edition stage, surgery, and radiotherapy are independent prognostic factors of patients with GILCNEC. Although surgery and radiotherapy can prolong the survival of patients with GILCNEC, their prognosis remains poor, and further prospectively designed multicenter clinical studies are needed to indicate the decision for clinicians.
Posterior Translation of the Radial Head in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lateral Epicondylitis
Authors: Saeki Masaomi , Yoneda Hidemasa , Yamamoto Michiro 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Posterolateral rotatory instability is produced by disruption of the lateral collateral ligament complex (LCLC); it is commonly induced by trauma, with few cases reported due to lateral epicondylitis. We examined the amount of posterior transition of the radial head with or without LCLC injury, common extensor tendon (CET) injury, and Baker classification in lateral epicondylitis.

Methods:
We retrospectively studied patients with lateral epicondylitis of the humerus who underwent surgery between April 2016 and July 2021. Fifteen elbows with coronal and sagittal images on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included. We investigated the amount of posterior transition of the radial head in sagittal MRI images of the elbow, which were compared based on LCLC and CET lesion.

Results:
The mean age of patients was 49 years. The lesions in four, nine, and two patients were classified as LCLC0, LCLC1, and LCLC2, respectively. The mean radio-humeral distance values among the LCLC lesions were 0.65, 2.46, and 2.22 mm in LCLC0, LCLC1, and LCLC2, respectively, with the RHD between LCLC0 and LCLC1 differing significantly. In five, six, and four patients, the lesions were classified as CET1, CET2, and CET3, respectively. The mean RHD values among the CET lesions were 1.33, 2.68, and 1.48 mm in CET1, CET2, and CET3, respectively.

Conclusions:
Our results showed that posterior transition of the radial head is greater in patients with lateral epicondylitis with LCLC lesions on MRI than those with normal findings of LCLC.
Dynamic Reconstruction Using Accessory-innervated Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Flap for Upper Trapezius Muscle Defect
Authors: Fujioka Masaki , Koga Kazufumi 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
The upper part of the trapezius muscle attaches to the acromion and elevates the shoulder, so a defect in the trapezius muscle greatly impairs shoulder-brachial movement. We encountered a case in which the upper trapezius muscle was completely resected due to myxofibrosarcoma that occurred in the upper part of the left trapezius muscle, and reconstruction was performed using a pedicled latissimus dorsi flap with the accessory nerve transferred, resulting in favorable motor function. A 74-year-old woman developed myxofibrosarcoma in her left neck 1 year and 4 months ago, and underwent two surgical excisions at a nearby hospital. However, two months prior, she relapsed again, and was referred to our hospital, where she underwent submandibular lymph node dissection, wide tumor resection, and reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi flap. For latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap transfer, the stump of the thoracodorsal nerve and accessory nerve were anastomosed to facilitate nerve transfer. Four months after surgery, she was able to raise her shoulder, and surface electromyography showed potentials comparable to her unaffected side. The innervated latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap is frequently used for dynamic reconstruction of facial, brachialis, rectus abdominis, and deltoid muscles, but this is the first case report describing its use for dynamic reconstruction of the trapezius muscle.
Achieving Harmonious Feminine Proportions: A Comprehensive Study on Breast Harmonization with Nanotextured Implants
Authors: Szychta Pawel 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The prevalence of breast augmentation as a strategy for achieving idealized feminine proportions, consistent with contemporary beauty standards, has increased notably. This study focuses on the use of nanotextured implants, examining their efficacy in enhancing body symmetry and conforming to current aesthetic ideals.

Methods:
Conducted as a prospective cohort study, this research included women who underwent breast augmentation using nanotextured ergonomic implants from 2017 to 2023. A personalized methodology was applied, incorporating an array of anthropometric measurements and individual motivations to inform the selection of implants. The techniques used aimed at fostering a natural aesthetic, coupled with an extensive postoperative follow-up to evaluate outcomes and identify any complications.

Results:
The study involved 1000 participants, with findings indicating a marked improvement in breast and overall body proportions, in line with targeted aesthetic principles. High levels of patient satisfaction were observed, with more than 90% reporting favorable aesthetic results and a low incidence of complications. These findings emphasize the effectiveness and safety of nanotextured implants in achieving the desired aesthetic goals.

Conclusions:
The study underscores the efficacy of nanotextured implants in attaining balanced feminine proportions, aligning surgical results with modern beauty ideals and enhancing personal well-being. It highlights the significance of a tailored approach in breast augmentation, which encompasses not only the physical aspects of aesthetic enhancement but also the psychological and social facets of patient contentment.
Neutralizing antibodies to interferon alfa arising during peginterferon therapy of chronic hepatitis B in children and adults: Results from the HBRN Trials
Authors: Zahoor Muhammad Atif , Feld Joshua B. , Lin Hsing-Hua Sylvia , Mosa Alexander I. , Salimzadeh Loghman , Perrillo Robert P. , Chung Raymond T. , Schwarz Kathleen B. , Janssen Harry L.A. , Gehring Adam J. , Feld Jordan J. 
Published: April 2024

Background & Aims:
Pegylated interferon-α (PegIFNα) is of limited utility during immunotolerant or immune active phases of chronic hepatitis B infection but is being explored as part of new cure regimens. Low/absent levels of IFNα found in some patients receiving treatment are associated with limited/no virological responses. The study aimed to determine if sera from participants inhibit IFNα activity and/or contain therapy-induced anti-IFNα antibodies.

Approach & Results:
Pre-treatment, on-treatment, and post-treatment sera from 61 immunotolerant trial participants on PegIFNα/entecavir therapy and 88 immune active trial participants on PegIFNα/tenofovir therapy were screened for anti-IFNα antibodies by indirect ELISA. The neutralization capacity of antibodies was measured by preincubation of sera±recombinant human IFNα added to Huh7 cells with the measurement of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG)-induction by qPCR. Correlations between serum-induced ISG inhibition, presence, and titer of anti-IFNα antibodies and virological responses were evaluated. Preincubation of on-treatment serum from 26 immunotolerant (43%) and 13 immune active (15%) participants with recombinant-human IFNα markedly blunted ISG-induction in Huh7 cells. The degree of ISG inhibition correlated with IFNα antibody titer (p < 0.0001; r = 0.87). On-treatment development of anti-IFNα neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) was associated with reduced quantitative HBsAg and qHBeAg declines (p < 0.05) and inhibited IFNα bioactivity to 240 weeks after PegIFNα cessation. Children developed anti-IFNα nAbs more frequently than adults (p = 0.004) but nAbs in children had less impact on virological responses.

Conclusions:
The development of anti-IFNα nAbs during PegIFNα treatment diminishes responses to antiviral therapy. Understanding how and why anti-IFNα antibodies develop may allow for the optimization of IFN-based therapy, which is critical given its renewed use in HBV-cure strategies.
Comparison of Scheimpflug Corneal Tomography and Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements in Corneal Cystinosis: A Case Series
Authors: Vercauteren Leonie , Consejo Alejandra , De Vries Meindert Jan , Krolo Iva , Koppen Carina , Ní Dhubhghaill Sorcha 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To report the clinical course and compare the utility of Scheimpflug tomography (ST) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal densitometry (CD) assessment in patients with corneal crystals owing to nephropathic cystinosis.

Methods:
A retrospective chart analysis of three patients with nephropathic cystinosis and the presence of corneal cystine crystals in both eyes was performed. All patients underwent clinical examination and anterior segment photography, ST, and AS-OCT scans. Corneal densitometry was exported from built-in proprietary software for ST and from custom-made validated software for AS-OCT. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography images were rescaled to grayscale units from 0 (maximum transparency) to 100 (minimum transparency) to match built-in ST densitometry readings. Furthermore, the mean pixel intensity, representative of CD, was calculated from the pixels corresponding to the segmented cornea.

Results:
All three patients had pathognomonic cystine crystals deposits in the cornea and were treated with cysteamine medications that resulted in clinical improvement. The CCT measured using ST exhibited a range from 560 to 958 μm. Conversely, when assessed with AS-OCT, the CCT varied within the range of 548 to 610 μm. Both examinations could be performed, but in the more severe cases, AS-OCT showed far greater utility to estimate CD. In four of six eyes examined, ST showed disproportionate CCT values, compared with the AS-OCT, whereas reliable CD measurements were only available in AS-OCT.

Conclusion:
The AS-OCT could be considered a baseline ocular measurement in cystinosis and in the evaluation of disease progression and treatment efficacy.
Feasibility and Challenges of Interactive AI for Traditional Chinese Medicine: An Example of ChatGPT
Authors: KONG Qi , CHEN Liming , YAO Jingyi , DING Chao , YIN Peihao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, is currently the largest language model with robust interactive capabilities. As a complementary alternative medicine (CAM), Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) represents an established medical system with a rich history and abundant clinical experience. TCM is an empirical medicine, the process of which is analogous to ChatGPT's learning and development model. In TCM, inquiry is a relatively objective way of traditional syndrome differentiation. Although various artificial intelligence systems related to TCM consultation exist, their interactive abilities remain limited. As such, we standardized the primary complaint and instructed ChatGPT to simulate a TCM practitioner, conducting three comprehensive inquiry tests. The results yielded unexpected conclusions, revealing that ChatGPT could simulate a TCM practitioner's inquiry with patients, confirming its potential in the field of TCM inquiry. However, current applications still pose certain limitations and risks. Hence, to integrate ChatGPT-like language models with traditional TCM AI to establish an associative mode that can facilitate TCM diagnosis and treatment with more convenience and standardization is crucial, yet at the same time, it should be treated very carefully.
Skeletal Muscle Mass Assessment in Pediatric Patients: Development of a Normative Equation and Assessment of Factors Associated With a Low Skeletal Muscle Mass in PICU Patients
Authors: Matsuoka Wakato , Mizuguchi Soichi , Kaku Noriyuki , Higashi Kanako , Tetsuhara Kenichi , Akahoshi Tomohiko , Ohga Shouichi 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To develop an equation for defining a low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in children and to investigate risk factors and outcomes associated with low SMM in critically ill pediatric patients.

DESIGN:
Single-center retrospective pediatric cohorts, 2011–2018.

SETTING:
Tertiary Emergency and Critical Care Center of Kyushu University Hospital in Japan.

PATIENTS:
We studied two cohorts of pediatric patients 1–15 years old who underwent abdominal CT at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3). First a cohort of trauma patients presented to the emergency department in whom we developed an SMM regression equation. Second, a cohort of patients who had undergone abdominal CT within 3 days of PICU admission.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The equation for estimating normal SMM used sex, age, and weight. Low SMM was defined as less than 80% of normal. In the 112 patients in the PICU cohort, median (range) age was 68 (13–191) months, and 83 (74.1%) had underlying disease. There was low SMM in 54 patients (48.2%). Regarding associations, using odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI, we found that low dietary intake (OR 4.33 [95% CI, 1.37–13.70]; p = 0.013) and the presence of underlying disease (OR 7.44 [95% CI, 2.10–26.30]; p = 0.002) were independently associated with greater odds of low SMM. Low SMM, compared with normal SMM, was also associated with longer hospital stays (42.5 d vs. 20.5 d; p = 0.007; β, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.09–2.33; p = 0.016).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this retrospective PICU cohort from a single center in Japan, we found that low SMM at PICU admission was present in almost half the cases. Low SMM, as defined by being less than 80% of the normal, was associated with greater odds of low dietary intake and underlying chronic disease. Furthermore, low SMM was associated with longer hospital stays.
Tnfaip8 and Tipe2 Gene Deletion Ameliorates Immediate Proteoglycan Loss and Inflammatory Responses in the Injured Mouse Intervertebral Disc
Authors: Lu Jiawei , Tian Zuozhen , Shofer Frances S. , Qin Ling , Sun Honghong , Zhang Yejia 
Published: April 2024

Objective
TNFAIP8 and TIPE2 belong to TNFa-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8/TIPE) family. They control apoptosis and direct leukocyte migration. Nucleus pulposus cell loss is a hallmark of intervertebral disc degeneration in response to injury, and inflammation may cause pain. Here, we examined the effects of TNFAIP8/TIPE2 deficiency on the intervertebral discs in mice with these genes deleted.

Design
Tail intervertebral discs in Tnfaip8 or Tipe2 single and double knockout mice (Tnfaip8−/−
, Tipe2−/−
, and Tnfaip8/Tipe2 dko), and wild-type controls were injured. The spine motion segments were stained with safranin O to reveal proteoglycans. Macrophages were identified by immunostaining, and selected inflammatory marker and collagen gene expression was examined by Real Time PCR.

Results
The injured tail intervertebral discs of Tnfaip−/−
, Tipe2−/−
, and Tnfaip8/Tipe2 dko mice all displayed higher levels of proteoglycans than wild-type controls. Fewer macrophages were found in the injured intervertebral discs of Tipe2−/−
and Tnfaip8/Tipe2 dko mice than wild type. Il6, Adam8, and Col1 gene expression was downregulated in the injured intervertebral discs of Tnfip8/Tipe2 dko mice.

Conclusions
TNFAIP8 and TIPE2 loss of function ameliorated proteoglycan loss and inflammation in the injured intervertebral discs. They may serve as molecular targets to preserve disc structure and reduce inflammation.
Host Nuclear Genome Copy Number Variations Identify High-Risk Anal Precancers in People Living with HIV
Authors: Mutetwa Tinaye , Liu Yuxin , Silvera Richard , Evans Michelle , Yurich Michael , Tripodi Joseph , Leonard Issa , Houldsworth Jane , Gümüş Zeynep , Bowcock Anne M. , Sigel Keith , Gaisa Michael , Polak Paz 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
People living with HIV (PLWH) have substantially increased incidence of anal precancer and cancer. There are very little data regarding genomic disturbances in anal precancers among PLWH. Here, we identified specific chromosomal variants in anal squamous intraepithelial lesions.

METHODS:
We collected 63 anal biopsy specimens (27 low-grade intraepithelial lesions [LSIL] and 36 high-grade intraepithelial lesions [HSIL]) from PLWH obtained as part of anal cancer screening in our NYC-based health system. Data on patient demographics, anal cytological and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) diagnoses were collected. Specimens were tested for a panel of chromosomal alterations associated with HPV-induced oncogenesis using Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) and analyses compared the associations of these alterations with clinical characteristics.

RESULTS:
Gains of 3q26, 5p15, 20q13 and cen7 were detected in 42%, 31%, 31%, and 19% of HSIL compared to 7%, 0%, 4%, and 0% of LSIL, respectively. Where at least one abnormality was seen, 89% had a 3q26 gain. In lesions with 5p15 gains, 20q13 gains co-occurred in 91% of cases, while cen7 gain only co-occurred with the other three alterations. Sensitivity and specificity of any alteration to predict HSIL was 47% (95% CI: 30-65%) and 93% (95% CI: 76%-99%) respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Genomic alterations seen in HPV-associated cancers may help distinguish anal LSIL from HSIL. 3q26 amplification may be an early component of anal carcinogenesis, preceding 5p16, 20q13 and/or chr7.

IMPACT:
We share insights on potential genomic biomarkers for discriminating high-risk anal precancers.
A Systematic Review of Military to Civilian Transition: The Role of Gender
Authors: Smith Alexandria , Rafferty Laura , Croak Bethany , Greenberg Neil , Khan Rafiyah , Langston Victoria , Sharp Marie-Louise , Stagg Anne , Fear Nicola , Stevelink Sharon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe military-to-civilian transition can be a challenging period for many service members; however, recent research suggests that female ex-service personnel (veterans) confront additional complexities during reintegration into civilian life. This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesise findings across qualitative studies exploring the impact of gender on this transition process.MethodsPeer-reviewed literature was drawn from a multi-database search, limited to qualitative studies. The studies included either female veterans or both male and female veterans aged 18 years or older who had previously served in the Armed Forces within the Five Eyes (FVEY) countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States). We used a Framework Analysis approach to guide the synthesis of the qualitative data. An assessment of study quality was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Qualitative Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Studies. The study protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework (osf.io/5stuj).ResultsIn total, 10,113 articles were screened after the removal of duplicates, 161 underwent full-text review, with 19 meeting the eligibility criteria. The review identified eleven themes split across individual’s experience whilst serving and after transitioning out of the military service. Both male and female veterans discussed a period of acculturation when they joined service and adapted to military norms, culture and identity. Female veterans faced additional challenges at this stage centred on the conflict between feminine norms and the military masculine ideal. Upon leaving service both male and female veterans experienced a loss of military identity and purpose, and dissonance with civilian norms illustrating a military-civilian divide. For female veterans, adjustments and adaptations learned in the military clashed with civilian feminine norms and stereotypically male veteran culture. Female veterans also struggled with the legacies of gender inequality, discrimination, and sexual assault which affected their development of a female veteran identity and affected the provision of services designed to meet their needs as a female. Despite these challenges, female veterans’ expressed pride in their service and accomplishments.ConclusionsAny effort to improve the military-to-civilian transition should take account of the legacy of gender discrimination, especially within the military service, and the potential mismatch between historical civilian female norms and the more traditionally masculine norms of military life.DisclosuresThis project was supported by a grant from the Forces in Mind Trust (FiMT) 2202. Full ethical clearance was granted by the Health Faculties Research Ethics Subcommittee, King’s College London. Project Reference: HR/DP-22/23-33303.
Pathway-based similarity measurement to quantify transcriptomics similarity between human tissues and preclinical models
Authors: Parekh Paarth , Sherfey Jason , Alaybeyoglu Begum , Cirit Murat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccurate clinical translation of preclinical research remains challenging, primarily due to species-specific differences and disease and patient heterogeneity. An important recent advancement has been development of microphysiological systems that consist of multiple human cell types that recapitulate key characteristics of their respective human systems, allowing essential physiologic processes to be accurately assessed during drug development. However, an unmet need remains regarding a quantitative method to evaluate the similarity between diverse sample types for various contexts of use (CoU)-specific pathways. To address this gap, this study describes the development of pathway-based similarity measurement (PBSM), which leverages RNA-seq data and pathway-based information to assess the human relevance of preclinical models for specific CoU. PBSM offers a quantitative method to compare the transcriptomic similarity of preclinical models to human tissues, shown here as proof of concept for liver and cardiac tissues, enabling improved model selection and validation. Thus, PBSM can successfully support CoU selection for preclinical models, assess the impact of different gene sets on similarity calculations, and differentiate among variousin vitroandin vivomodels. PBSM has potential to reduce the translational gap in drug development by allowing quantitative evaluation of the similarity of preclinical models to human tissues, facilitating model selection, and improving understanding of context-specific applications. PBSM can serve as a foundation for enhancing the physiological relevance ofin vitromodels and supporting the development of more effective therapeutic interventions.