bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the inner Galactic halo with blue horizontal-branch stars
Authors: Culpan R. , Dorsch M. , Geier S. , Pelisoli I. , Heber U. , Kubátová B. , Cabezas M. 
Published: March 2024

Context. Stars that are found on the blue horizontal-branch (BHB) evolved from low-mass stars that have completed their core hydrogen-burning main sequence (MS) stage and undergone the helium flash at the end of their red giant phase. Hence, they are very old objects that can be used as markers in studying galactic structure and formation history. The fact that their luminosity is virtually constant at all effective temperatures also makes them good standard candles.
Aims. We have compiled a catalogue of BHB stars with stellar parameters calculated from spectral energy distributions (SEDs) constructed using data from multiple large-scale photometric surveys. In addition, we update our previous Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) catalogue of BHB stars with parallax errors less than 20% by using the SED results to define the selection criteria. The purpose of these catalogues is to create a set of BHB star candidates with reliable stellar parameters. In addition, they provide a more complete full-sky catalogue with candidate objects found along the whole BHB from where RR-Lyrae are found on the instability strip to the extreme horizontal-branch (EHB).
Methods. We selected a large dataset of Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) objects based only on their position on the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD), along with the tangential velocity and parallax errors. The SEDs were then used to evaluate contamination levels in the dataset and derive optimised data quality acceptance constraints. This allowed us to extend the Gaia DR3 colour and absolute magnitude criteria further towards the EHB. The level of contamination found using SED analysis was confirmed by acquiring spectra using the Ondrejov Echelle spectrograph, attached to the Perek 2m telescope at the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences.
Results. We present a catalogue of 9172 Galactic halo BHB candidate stars with atmospheric and stellar parameters calculated from synthetic SEDs. We also present an extended Gaia DR3-based catalogue of 22 335 BHB candidate stars with a wider range of effective temperatures and Gaia DR3 parallax errors of less than 20%. This represents an increase of 33% compared to the our 2021 catalogue, with a contamination level of 10%.
Preferential acceleration of heavy ions in magnetic reconnection: Hybrid-kinetic simulations with electron inertia
Authors: Jain Neeraj , Büchner Jörg , Bárta Miroslav , Bučík Radoslav 
Published: March 2024

Context. Solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the energy range 10 s KeV nucleon−1–100s MeV nucleon−1 originate from the Sun. Their high flux near Earth may damage the space-borne electronics and generate secondary radiation that is harmful for life on Earth. Thus, understanding their energization on the Sun is important for space weather prediction. Impulsive (or 3He-rich) SEP events are associated with the acceleration of charge particles in solar flares by magnetic reconnection and related processes. The preferential acceleration of heavy ions and the extraordinary abundance enhancement of 3He in the impulsive SEP events are not understood yet.
Aims. In this paper we study the acceleration of heavy ions and its consequences for their abundance enhancements by magnetic reconnection, an established acceleration source for impulsive SEP events in which heavy-ion enhancement is observed
Methods. We employed a two-dimensional hybrid-kinetic plasma model (kinetic ions and inertial electron fluid) to simulate magnetic reconnection. All the ion species are treated self-consistently in our simulations.
Results. We find that heavy ions are preferentially accelerated to energies many times higher than their initial thermal energies by a variety of acceleration mechanisms operating in reconnection. The most efficient acceleration takes place in the flux pileup regions of magnetic reconnection. Heavy ions with sufficiently low values of charge-to-mass ratio (Q/M) can be accelerated by pickup mechanism in outflow regions even before any magnetic flux is piled up. The energy spectra of heavy ions develop a shoulder-like region, a nonthermal feature, as a result of the acceleration. The spectral index of the power-law fit to the shoulder region of the spectra varies approximately as (Q/M)−0.64. The abundance enhancement factor, defined as the number of particles above a threshold energy normalized to the total number of particles, scales as (Q/M)−α, where α increases with the energy threshold. We discuss our simulation results in the light of the SEP observations.
“Maybe you need to do something about it”: challenges in global environmental change research with and within local communities
Authors: Roos Roxana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractResearch on issues such as adapting to rapid environmental change should include indigenous and local people in developing more robust and inclusive diagnoses and responses. Various studies indicate that such projects may face challenges. Researchers touch on these in papers where they reflect on their own work, but to a lesser extent in their empirical papers. Based on interviews with, and articles by, a varied sample of 15 researchers who work with local or indigenous peoples around the globe, I identified the challenges they face and how they deal with them. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed eight themes: (1) external pressure, (2) engaging local people, (3) relevance of projects, (4) prior negative experiences, (5) cultural, historical, and geographical differences, (6) language challenges, (7) payment for participation, and (8) diverging epistemic cultures. Respondents’ statements in all themes contain reflections displaying care, consideration, or responsibility for the projects and the local people they involve. This links the challenges with everyday ethics. Analysis of scientific papers written by the respondents showed that they hardly write about the challenges they face, whereby neither local participants nor other readers of these texts are actively informed by and engaged in critical-reflective discussions about the challenges arising during the research and the strategies used to deal with them. The research community has a responsibility to remedy this shortcoming: in their papers, authors should discuss the main challenges faced and develop, describe, and promulgate strategies for dealing with them.
Size-tunable and monodisperse lead sulfide quantum dots for broadband photodetectors
Authors: Fu Yujuan , Wang Yujiao , Zhao Jijie , Wen Shuai , Liu Huan , Li Qing , Gu Boao , Deng Lier 
Published: March 2024

Lead sulfide quantum dots (PbS QDs) are used in broadband photodetectors due to their excellent size tunability, photosensitivity, and solution processability. However, due to the risk of Ostwald ripening, synthesizing high-quality PbS QDs with absorption peaks over 2000 nm with high monodispersity is a challenge. In this study, by controlling the molar ratio of Pb to S and the number of injections of S precursor, we successfully prepared large PbS QDs with an absorption peak at 2122 nm, corresponding to an average diameter of 11.42 nm, with a super-mono-dispersity of 5.50%. Broadband photodetectors ranging from visible light to short-wave infrared are prepared using the large PbS QDs, corresponding to a response rate of 5.98 mA/W at 1940 nm.
GYOTO 2.0: a polarized relativistic ray-tracing code
Authors: Aimar N , Paumard T , Vincent F H , Gourgoulhon E , Perrin G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Polarized general-relativistic radiative transfer in the vicinity of black holes and other compact objects has become a crucial tool for probing the properties of relativistic astrophysics plasmas. Instruments like GRAVITY, the Event Horizon telescope, Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, or Imaging x-ray Polarimetry Explorer make it very timely to develop such numerical frameworks. In this article, we present the polarized extension of the public ray-tracing code Gyoto, and offer a python notebook allowing to easily perform a first realistic computation. The code is very modular and allows to conveniently add extensions for the specific needs of the user. It is agnostic about the spacetime and can be used for arbitrary compact objects. We demonstrate the validity of the code by providing tests, and show in particular a perfect agreement with the ipole code. Our article also aims at pedagogically introducing all the relevant formalism in a self-contained manner.
Ion flow and dust charging at the sheath boundary in dusty plasma with an electron-emitting surface: applications to laboratory and lunar dusty plasmas
Authors: Basnet Suresh , Patel Amit , Bikram Thapa Shiva , Khanal Raju 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In laboratory and space plasmas, the emission of electrons from the surface significantly affects the characteristics of the plasma sheath that forms at that surface, which is crucial to understanding the overall plasma-wall interaction mechanism. In this work, the collisional fluid model is used for laboratory dusty plasma, whereas the collisionless model is used for lunar dusty plasma. We have extended the Bohm sheath criterion for the formation of the stable plasma sheath due to electron emission from the surface, loss of ion flux, and the gas pressure of the collisional laboratory dusty plasmas. It is found that ion flow at the sheath boundary is considerably influenced by the concentration of electron emission, the ion loss term, and gas pressure. The evolution of the dust charge explicitly determines the magnitude of the ion flow at the sheath boundary. The plasma parameters adopted in the present case are reliable in laboratory and space dusty plasmas, especially the dusty plasma environment on the lunar surface. The lunar surface and dust grains on the Moon become electrically charged as a result of the interaction between solar wind plasma and photoemission electrons emitted from the lunar surface. In addition, the lunar plasma sheath characteristics, dust-charging process, and stable dust levitation in the sheath region have been studied.
The kinetic theory of cathode plasma expansion in a spatially non-uniform geometric configuration of a vacuum diode
Authors: Yao Jingfeng , Kozhevnikov Vasily , Igumnov Vladislav , Chu Zijia , Yuan Chengxun , Zhou Zhongxiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a theoretical explanation for the occurrence of anomalous ion acceleration in vacuum diodes, leading to the expansion of cathode plasma towards the anode, a characteristic phenomenon of vacuum breakdown. The explanation is derived from first principles based on equations of collisionless physical kinetics, using the example of an axisymmetric vacuum diode. The proposed theoretical interpretation convincingly demonstrates that the primary mechanism behind the anomalous ion acceleration of cathode plasma is the collisionless motion of ions in a self-consistent electric field.
Abundant optical soliton solutions for the stochastic fractional fokas system using bifurcation analysis
Authors: Mohammed Wael W , Cesarano Clemente , Elmandouh Adel A , Alqsair Ikbal , Sidaoui Rabeb , Alshammari Hessa W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, the stochastic fractional Fokas system (SFFS) with M-truncated derivatives is considered. A certain wave transformation is applied to convert this system to a one-dimensional conservative Hamiltonian system. Based on the qualitative theory of dynamical systems, the bifurcation and phase portrait are examined. Utilizing the conserved quantity, we construct some new traveling wave solutions for the SFFS. Due to the fact that the Fokas system is used to explain nonlinear pulse transmission in mono-mode optical fibers, the given solutions may be applied to analyze an extensive variety of crucial physical phenomena. To clarify the effects of the M-truncated derivative and Wiener process, the dynamic behaviors of the various obtained solutions are depicted with 3-D and 2-D curves.
The effects of tungsten doping on the thermoelectric properties of Bi2O2Se
Authors: Li Buda , Qi Hangbo , Zhao Siqin , Li Menglu , Feng Shan , Zu Xiaotao , Qiao Liang , Xiao Haiyan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the effects of tungsten doping on the structural, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of Bi2O2Se using density functional theory combined with Boltzmann transport theory. As the tungsten is doped at Bi-site, the introduced additional electrons modify the electronic structure of Bi2O2Se significantly and lead to the metallic character of Bi2O2Se. Meanwhile, tungsten doping improves the electrical conductivity and power factor of Bi2O2Se, and optimizes the figure of merit ZT. This study demonstrates that tungsten doping is an effective method to modify the thermoelectric transport properties of Bi2O2Se.
Chemical vapor deposition-based synthesis of binder-free nanostructure α-MoO3 electrode material for PES devices
Authors: Raza A , Ali M , Ayub N , Atta S , Jawad M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Molybdenum-based metal oxides have succeeded in incredible consideration for supercapacitor applications due to their outstanding structural, morphological and electrochemical properties. Herein, a highly porous orthorhombic MoO3 (α-MoO3) nanobenzene like nanosheets are synthesized on nickel foam (Ni–F) via a simple and cost-effective chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the synthesis of nanostructured α-MoO3 having multi oriented diffraction planes. The surface morphology (SEM) analysis indicated that the entwined nanobenzene through nano-rods/particles is beneficial for good electrical conductivity hence the high electrochemical performance of synthesized α-MoO3. The electrochemical properties of synthesized α-MoO3 electrode material like cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charging–discharging (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are analyzed using a three-electrode electrochemical workstation in 2 M KOH electrolyte solution. The synthesized α-MoO3 pseudocapacitor presented a maximum specific capacitance of 3206 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A/g. Moreover, α-MoO3 exhibits a cyclic stability of about 99.95% after 3000 cycles, high energy density (111 Wh kg−1), power density (2500 W kg−1) and negligible charge transfer resistance (0.6 ohms), indicating that it can serve as an excellent electrode material for supercapacitors. The Power law and Dunn’s model simulations also confirmed that the excellent electrochemical performance of synthesized α-MoO3 electrode material is contributed by capacitive as well as diffusion-controlled behavior.
On thermal fluctuations and quantum regularities of

F
(
R
,
G
)

gravity black holes with constant topological Euler density in nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Mangut Mert , Gürtuğ Özay , Sakallı İzzet 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We discuss the corrected thermodynamics and naked singularity structure of the topological static spherically symmetric solution in

F
(
R
,
G
)

- gravity coupled with Born-Infeld—like nonlinear electrodynamics. Solutions admitting black holes with constant topological Euler density is analyzed in view of various thermodynamical variables. The inclusion of logarithmic correction to the entropy is extended to the other thermodynamical variables and the contribution of corrected variables are displayed on various plots. The stability of black hole under the effect of thermal variables is also studied. As a second scope of this study, solutions admitting timelike naked singularity are probed with bosonic and fermionic quantum wave packets to see if the singularity is quantum mechanically regular or not. In this context, the evolution of these probes remains well-defined if the corresponding spatial Hamiltonian operator is essentially self-adjoint. Our calculations reveal that when the singularity is probed with specific wave modes involving spin—0 and spin—1/2 quantum wave packets, the corresponding wave operators turn out to be essentially self-adjoint, which in turn implies unique well-defined time evolution.
Numerical investigation into turbulent drag reduction via the application of pufferfish spine-inspired cone microstructures in Suboff models
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhu Dongpo , Feng Xiaoming , Chen Bo , Tian Guizhong , Wei Kairan , Song Zhiyuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The effective reduction of seawater drag is pivotal in enhancing the speed and minimizing the energy consumption of submarines, which has significant implications in the fields of energy and defense. Surface bionics has emerged as one of the leading techniques for drag reduction. Current research primarily focuses on replicating the groove-like structures observed on shark skins and the flexible properties of dolphin skins. However, the application of cone microstructures on submarine surfaces remains relatively underexplored. In this study, a novel arrangement of bionic drag-reducing microstructures is employed to modify the turbulence structure surrounding the submarine by incorporating bionic cone microstructures at both the front and rear ends of the submarine. Numerical simulations were performed using the SST k-ω turbulence model to evaluate the impact of these frontal microstructures on drag reduction under varying Reynolds numbers, spacings, and positions, as well as the tail microstructures’ effect at different Reynolds numbers, heights, and circumferential separation angles. The findings reveal that positioning microstructures at the submarine’s head increases the drag reduction rate proportionally with the distance from the apex, displaying an inverse relationship between spacing and drag reduction rate. Conversely, an increase in cone separation angle at the tail leads to a decrease in the overall drag reduction rate. At the same time, an inverse proportionality is observed between cone height and drag reduction rate. This suggests that cone microstructures play a dual role: mitigating friction drag greatly and augmenting pressure drag, thereby achieving overall drag reduction. Moreover, these cone microstructures disrupt eddy currents within the boundary layer surrounding the submarine, restraining the propagation of turbulent momentum transfer in both the head and tail regions. This research not only pioneers a novel drag reduction strategy for underwater vehicles but also sparks new avenues for their optimized surface design.
Investigating the potential of carbon nitride as a new sensing material for NOx (N2O, N2O3, N2O4, and N2O5): a DFT study
Authors: Nadeem Hafsah , Ahmed Hina , Saleem Uzma , Jamil Rabia , Ayub Khurshid , Alsalhi Sarah A , Iqbal Javed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Herein, DFT study was used to investigate the carbon nitride C6N8 as a potential detector of noxious gases, specifically nitrous oxide (N2O), dinitrogen tri-oxide (N2O3), dinitrogen tetra-oxide (N2O4), and dinitrogen penta-oxide. (N2O5). The Physiosorption process was notified after the adsorption of N2O (−12.6463 kJ mol–1), N2O3 (−40.1466 kJ mol–1), N2O4 (−23.8512 kJ mol–1), and N2O5 (−29.7947 kJ mol−1) on C6N8. The adsorption behavior shows weak interactions in the complexes which depicts the stability trend as N2O3@C6N8 > N2O5@C6N8 > N2O4@C6N8 > N2O@C6N8. Various analyses and techniques were employed to evaluate the sensing capability. Electronic parameters such as FMO, ELF, NBO, UV-visible spectrum, and DOS were performed to notify the detectable change in the sensing surface after the adsorption of the gases being studied. The existence of non-covalent interactions was confirmed by Symmetry Adopted Perturbation Theory (SAPT0), QTAIM, NCI, and IRI plots. Moreover, SAPT0 confirmed the greater contribution of Edispersion in N2O@C6N8. ESP (MEPs) visualization confirmed the interactions, as the nitrogen atoms of the surface are electron dense regions for the analytes to attack. Chemical stability and selectivity were evidenced by the stability parameters and the formation of new states in the DOS spectrum, respectively. Significant recovery time performance was observed after evaluating the recovery of analyte@C6N8 complexes at an appropriate temperature. These results suggest C6N8 theoretically as a potentially active sensing surface and it will enhance the interest of the experimental researchers in fabricating a sensing device using this material for the determination of even minute concentrations of the toxic gases.
Connection based novel AL topological descriptors and structural property of the zinc oxide metal organic frameworks
Authors: Ullah Asad , Jamal Muzafar , Zaman Shahid , Shamsudin  
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) play a vital role in a variety of processes such as heterogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous gas purification and division, biocompatibility, toxicity, and biomedical applications. The Zinc-based MOFs, particularly, have gained prominence in the biomedical industry for applications such as drug delivery, biosensing, and cancer imaging, which has attracted the interest of researchers from around the world. Given the significant influence of molecular structure on the properties of MOFs, it is imperative to model and characterize this structure comprehensively to deepen our understanding and explore avenues for property enhancement. Topological indices are numerical parameters derived from the graph representation of molecules that quantify specific structural features. These indices provide insights into the connectivity and arrangement of atoms or nodes within the structure, offering information about its chemical, physical, or biological properties. In this study, the Zinc Oxide network structures are topologically modeled via connection numbers, and some novel topological descriptors viz. AL
1, AL
2,

AL

3

,

AL

4

,

AL

5

,

AL

6

,

AL

7

and

AL

8

are computed by deriving mathematical closed form expressions for them. Based on the numerical results, a comparative analysis of the computed topological descriptors is also performed. The prediction potential and chemical applicability of these indices are investigated using the benchmark dataset of Octane Isomers and corresponding experimental values, correlating experimental and computed values through regression models.
Quasinormal modes, temperatures and greybody factors of black holes in a generalized Rastall gravity theory
Authors: Karmakar Ronit , Dev Goswami Umananda 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We introduce a modification in the energy-momentum conservation violating Rastall’s theory of gravity and obtain a Reissner-Nordström-type black hole solution in spacetime surrounded by a cloud of strings and charge fields. We examine the horizons of the black hole along with the influence of the parameters of the model on it. The scalar quasinormal modes (QNMs) of oscillations of the black hole are also computed using the 6th order WKB approximation method. It is seen that the Rastall parameter β and the newly introduced energy-momentum tensor trace parameter α as well as the charge parameter q and strings field parameter a influence the amplitude and damping of the QNMs. From the metric function, we obtain the temperature of the black hole and study the effects of the four model parameters β, α, q and a on the temperature. We then examine the greybody factors associated with the black hole and the corresponding total absorption cross-section for it. It is seen that the modification we introduced in the Rastall theory has a drastic effect on various properties of the black hole and may lead to interesting outcomes in future when better detection techniques will be available with the LISA and the Einstein Telescope.