bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a multi‐mycotoxin liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for sweet pepper analysis
Authors: Monbaliu Sofie , Van Poucke Christof , Van Peteghem Carlos , Van Poucke Kris , Heungens Kurt , De Saeger Sarah 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA multi‐mycotoxin method was developed for the simultaneous determination of trichothecenes (nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, 3‐acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15‐acetyldeoxynivalenol, neosolaniol, fusarenon‐X, diacetoxyscirpenol, HT‐2 toxin, T‐2 toxin), aflatoxins (aflatoxin‐B1, aflatoxin‐B2, aflatoxin‐G1 and aflatoxin‐G2), Alternaria toxins (alternariol, alternariol methyl ether and altenuene), fumonisins (fumonisin‐B1, fumonisin‐B2 and fumonisin‐B3), ochratoxin A, zearalenone, beauvericin and sterigmatocystin in sweet pepper. Sweet pepper was extracted with ethyl acetate/formic acid (99:1, v/v). After splitting up the extract, two‐thirds of the extract was cleaned up using an aminopropyl column followed by an octadecyl column. The remaining part was cleaned up using a strong anion‐exchange column. After recombination of both cleaned parts of the sample extract, the combined solvents were evaporated and the residue was dissolved in mobile phase; 20 µL was injected into the chromatographic system, so only one run was used to separate and detect the mycotoxins in positive electrospray ionization using selected reaction monitoring. The samples were analyzed with a Micromass Quattro Micro triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Waters, Milford, MA, USA). The mobile phase consisted of variable mixtures of water and methanol, 1% acetic acid and 5 mM ammonium acetate. The limits of detection of the multi‐mycotoxin method varied from 0.32 µg.kg−1 to 42.48 µg.kg−1. The multi‐mycotoxin liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method fulfilled the method performance criteria required by the Commission Regulation (EC) No 401/2006. Sweet peppers inoculated by Fusarium species were analyzed using the developed method. Beauvericin (9–484 µg.kg−1) and fumonisins (fumonisin‐B1 up to 4330 µg.kg−1, fumonisin‐B2 up to 4900 µg.kg−1, and fumonisin‐B3 up to 299 µg.kg−1) were detected. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of combustion intermediates in fuel‐rich methyl methacrylate flame with tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Lin Zhenkun , Wang Tianfang , Han Donglin , Han Xu , Li Shufen , Li Yuyang , Tian Zhenyu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA fuel‐rich premixed laminar methyl methacrylate (MMA)/O2/Ar flame at low pressure (30 Torr) with the equivalence ratio (ϕ) of 1.60 is studied in this work. Synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization combined with molecular beam mass spectrometry is employed to identify the combustion intermediates including isomeric intermediates. The observed combustion intermediates can be classified as four types: radicals, non‐cyclic hydrocarbons, cyclic hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Benzene is the unique aromatic hydrocarbon detected in this work, and several oxygenates with two oxygen atoms are identified. Mole fraction profiles of most intermediates are evaluated, which can help understand the MMA combustion mechanism under fuel‐rich conditions. The similarities among rich flames of MMA and other oxygenated fuels, as well as the characteristics of rich MMA flame, are also discussed. The results show that combustion of MMA not only reduces soot emissions, but also has low concentrations of some potential toxic by‐products. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of isomers of oleuropein aglycon in olive oils by rapid‐resolution liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray time‐of‐flight and ion trap tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Fu Shaoping , Arráez‐Román David , Menéndez Javier A. , Segura‐Carretero Antonio , Fernández‐Gutiérrez Alberto 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this work, rapid‐resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) coupled to electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ESI‐TOF‐MS) and ion trap multiple mass spectrometry (IT‐MSn) has been applied to separate and characterize eleven isomers of oleuropein aglycon in fourteen Spanish extra‐virgin olive oils. After the extra‐virgin olive oil sample had been dissolved in hexane and cleaned up by a diol‐bonded phase solid‐phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, the eluting extract was resolved in methanol and analyzed on an Angilent 1200 system with a 4.6 × 150 mm, 1.8 µm Zorbax Eclipse plus C18 column. Mass spectrometry was carried out on a Bruker Daltonics microTOF mass spectrometer and a Bruker Daltonics ion trap mass spectrometer. The characterization of isomers of oleuropein aglycon was based on accurate mass data and the isotope function of characteristic fragment ions in the studied compounds by TOF‐MS, and the fragment ions were further confirmed by IT‐MSn. The fragmentation pathway of oleuropein aglycon was successfully elucidated and all possible transformations among isomers of oleuropein aglycon were suggested. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polynomial distance measurement for ECG based biometric authentication
Authors: Sufi Fahim , Khalil Ibrahim , Habib Ibrahim 
Published: December 2008

AbstractExisting electrocardiography (ECG) based biometric systems are constantly being challenged by higher misclassification error, longer acquisition time, larger template size, slower processing time and pertinence of abnormal beats within the biometric template. These challenges are the prime hindrance for ECG based biometric being commercialized as a pervasive authentication mechanism. At least, ECG based biometric can provide a secured mechanism for cardiac patients being monitored over telephony network. In this paper, we present a polynomial distance measurement (PDM) method for ECG based biometric authentication for the very first time, according to the literature and to the best of our knowledge. The proposed PDM method is up to 12 times faster than existing algorithms, requires up to 6.5 times less template storage, needs only 2.49 (average) acquisition time with the highest accuracy rate (up to 100 per cent) when experimented on a population size of 15. Moreover, this proposed ECG based biometric system was deployed on a mobile phone based telemonitoring scenario with multilayer authentication mechanism upholding its applicability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating institutional controls on consumption patterns in the commons
Authors: Huerta Timothy R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn 1968, Garrett Hardin identified a class of common goods that suffer under traditional market mechanisms. This paper describes the results of an agent‐based computer simulation used to study how institutional forces shape consumption patterns. Overall, when populations generally act in the common interest, the commons, the population and individuals all experience higher quality outcomes than when they act in generally or exclusively self‐interested ways. The results suggest common‐interested behaviours support a greater population at a higher quality of living; however, exclusively common‐interested behaviours result in underutilized commons, and the whole is generally less well off. The paper frames further applications in terms of managing growth for long‐term sustainability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degeneracy, resilience and free markets in educational innovation
Authors: Eyal Ori 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe free‐market is commonly presented by its supporters as the best environment for introducing innovations. This paper challenges the universality of this contention by arguing that free‐market dynamics cannot provide the appropriate conditions for significant educational changes. By adopting the perspective of systems research, I claim that the degeneracy characterizing free‐markets lodad educational systems with extreme resilience to changes. Based on Barabasi's network theory, I argue further that introducing change is extremely difficult due to the need to invest extensive effort in identifying specific sources of power (i.e., hubs) and removing them. Thus, this paper suggests that despite the prevalent image of public institutions as highly conservative and stagnant, it might be interesting to investigate their potential as sources of innovations that are no less radical than the alternatives proposed by free‐market ideologues. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance test of a tuned liquid mass damper for reducing bidirectional responses of building structures
Authors: Heo Jae‐Sung , Lee Sung‐Kyung , Park Eunchurn , Lee Sang‐Hyun , Min Kyung‐Won , Kim Hongjin , Jo Jiseong , Cho Bong‐Ho 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this study, a tuned liquid mass damper (TLMD) was proposed to reduce bidirectional responses of building structures, and its control performance was experimentally evaluated. The proposed TLMD with only one device body reduces bidirectional responses of building structures by behaving as a TMD and a TLCD in the weak and strong axial directions of a building floor plan, respectively. First, the control performance of a TLMD mounted on a scale‐downed single‐degree‐of‐freedom building model was experimentally evaluated by exciting this system with an actuator. Then, the real‐time hybrid shaking table testing method (RTHSTTM) was performed to assess the control efficiency of the total system by adopting the TLCD and the building model as the experimental and numerical parts, respectively. It was confirmed by comparing uncontrolled and controlled testing results that the proposed TLMD can be applied to reduce the responses in both the weak and strong directions of building structures. Also, the results from RTHSTTM showed that the performance of TLMD‐controlled building structure can be accurately evaluated by this method only using a TLMD as the experimental part. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stated public preferences for on‐land and offshore wind power generation—a review
Authors: Ladenburg Jacob 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWith the increasing number of on‐land turbines and the increasing size of the individual turbines, on‐land locations for wind power development have become more difficult to find in an increasing number of countries. In the literature and the public debate, these on‐land siting difficulties are often put forward to be related to the perceived environmental costs of wind turbines. However, offshore wind power generation might be a solution to this problem, if the perceived environmental costs are smaller offshore compared with on‐land. Based on a review of seven papers focusing on the preferences and willingness to pay for different wind power development sites, people in different countries generally seem to hold significant preferences of offshore wind power development when compared with different types of locations on‐land. However, the preferences for offshore wind power development seem to be dependent on the specific place of location offshore. This points towards the fact that offshore locations potentially can have higher environmental costs than on‐land locations. However, the preferences for offshore locations strongly indicate that the environmental costs can be significantly reduced by the location of offshore wind farms at large distances from the coast. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model‐based analysis of wake‐flow data in the Nysted offshore wind farm
Authors: Cleve Jochen , Greiner Martin , Enevoldsen Peder , Birkemose Bo , Jensen Leo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWake‐flow data of the Nysted offshore wind farm is analysed with the engineering wake model of Jensen. Two‐parameter fits referring to wake‐decay parameter and wind direction are made to each individual 10 min‐averaged recording of turbine powers. The fitted wind direction neither agrees with the measurements at the meteorological masts nor the turbine orientations, but is in agreement with the power deficit ratios between second‐ and first‐row turbines. The fitted wake‐decay parameter varies roughly between k = 0.02 and 0.04, depending on the wind direction with respect to the wind farm geometry. Its average <k> ≈ 0.03 is smaller than the current standard k = 0.04, indicating that offshore wakes might be more narrow. No significant dependence on flow stability is found. Compared to two‐parameter fits, one‐parameter fits with pre‐assigned wind direction perform worse; they lead to <k> ≈ 0.04 and tend to overpredict wind farm power. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perioperative Changes of Serum p53 Antibody Titer is a Predictor for Survival in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shimada Hideaki , Shiratori Tooru , Takeda Akihiko , Matsushita Kazuyuki , Okazumi Shinichi , Akutsu Yasunori , Matsubara Hisahiro , Nomura Fumio , Ochiai Takenori 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the presence of serum p53 antibody (s‐p53‐Abs) before treatment has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis and lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer, there has been little information about postoperative s‐p53‐Abs titer and perioperative changes of s‐p53‐Abs titers in patients with esophageal carcinoma.MethodsA highly specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze s‐p53‐Abs in 110 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma before and 1 month after surgery. The cutoff level of 1.3 U/ml was used to indicate seropositive patients. Impact of postoperative s‐p53‐Abs titer and perioperative changes of s‐p53‐Abs on survival was evaluated.ResultsForty (36%) of 110 patients were positive for s‐p53‐Abs before surgery and 35 patients (32%) were positive after surgery. s‐p53‐Abs titer generally decreased after surgery. Among sero‐positive patients, the patients who remained sero‐positive after surgery (n = 28) had a worse prognosis than patients who showed sero‐conversion (P = 0.02). Among sero‐positive patients, the nondecreased titer group showed significantly unfavorable survival (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that postoperative s‐p53‐Abs was an independent risk factor for worse overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.05; 95% confidence interval = 1.11–8.33; P = 0.03).ConclusionsPerioperative monitoring of s‐p53‐Abs titers was useful to identify patients with esophageal cancer with a high risk for tumor recurrence and a poor prognosis. Continuous sero‐positive patients and/or nondecreased titer group, even after surgery, showed significantly unfavorable survival.
DNA Damage Response Pathways in Tumor Suppression and Cancer Treatment
Authors: Liang Yulong , Lin Shiaw‐Yih , Brunicardi F. Charles , Goss John , Li Kaiyi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMammalian cells are frequently at risk of DNA damage from multiple sources. Accordingly, cells have evolved the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways to monitor the integrity of their genome. Conceptually, DDR pathways contain three major components (some with overlapping functions): sensors, signal transducers, and effectors. At the level of sensors, ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (ATM‐Rad3‐related) are proximal kinases that act as the core sensors of and are central to the entire DDR. These two kinases function to detect various forms of damaged DNA and trigger DNA damage response cascades. If cells harbor DDR defects and fail to repair the damaged DNA, it would cause genomic instability and, as a result, lead to cellular transformation. Indeed, deficiencies of DDR frequently occur in human cancers. Interestingly, this property of cancer also provides a great opportunity for cancer therapy. For example, by using a synthetic lethality model to search for the effective drugs, ChK1 inhibitors have been shown to selectively target the tumor cells with p53 mutations. In addition, the inhibitors of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP‐1) showed selectively killing effects on the cells with defects of homologous recombination (HR), particularly in the context of BRCA1/2 mutations. Since Brit1 is a key regulator in DDR and HR repair, we believe that we can develop a similar strategy to target cancers with Brit1 deficiency. Currently, we are conducting a high‐throughput screening to identify novel compounds that specifically target the Brit1‐deficient cancer which will lead to development of effective personalized drugs to cure cancer in clinic.
Amino acids in CSF and plasma in hyperammonaemic coma due to arginase1 deficiency
Authors: Scholl‐Bürgi S. , Baumgartner Sigl S. , Häberle J. , Haberlandt E. , Rostásy K. , Ertl C. , Eichinger‐Öttl U. , Heinz‐Erian P. , Karall D. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryWe report the CSF and plasma amino acid concentrations and their ratios in a male patient with arginase1 deficiency with an unusual early presentation at 34 days of age. He developed hyperammonaemic coma (ammonia >400 μmol/L; normal <90 μmol/L) on postnatal day 35. CSF and plasma concentrations were assayed by ion‐exchange chromatography on day 36. Arginine was increased both in plasma (971 μmol/L; controls (mean ± 2SD) 50 ± 42) and in CSF (157 μmol/L; controls 19 ± 8.6), resulting in a normal CSF/plasma ratio of 0.16 (controls 0.41 ± 0.26). Interestingly, glutamine was disproportionately high in CSF (3114 μmol/L; controls 470 ± 236) but normal in plasma (420 μmol/L; controls 627 ± 246); the ratio exceeded unity (7.4; controls 0.76 ± 0.31). The CSF/plasma ratios of most neutral amino acids were elevated but not those of the imino‐ and of the dibasic amino acids lysine and ornithine. The mechanism leading to the increase of most neutral amino acids in brain is not known.Conclusion: A normal glutamine in plasma does not exclude an increased concentration in CSF; it could be useful to ascertain by MRS that a high CSF glutamine concentration truly reflects a high concentration in brain tissue for better understanding its pathogenesis.
Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Core/Shell ZnS:Mn/ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Jiang Daixun , Cao Lixin , Liu Wei , Su Ge , Qu Hua , Sun Yuanguang , Dong Bohua 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
In this paper the influence of ZnO shell thickness on the luminescence properties of Mn-doped ZnS nanoparticles is studied. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the average diameter of ZnS:Mn nanoparticles is around 14 nm. The formation of ZnO shells on the surface of ZnS:Mn nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. A strong increase followed by a gradual decline was observed in the room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra with the thickening of the ZnO shell. The photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra exhibited a blue shift in ZnO-coated ZnS:Mn nanoparticles compared with the uncoated ones. It is shown that the PL enhancement and the blue shift of optimum excitation wavelength are led by the ZnO-induced surface passivation and compressive stress on the ZnS:Mn cores.
Reduction of Heat Shock Protein Antibody Levels by Statin Therapy
Authors: Guisasola María C. , Dulín Elena , Almendral Jesús , García‐Barreno Pedro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a disease whose pathogenesis involves inflammatory and immunological mechanisms, including an autoimmune reaction against heat shock proteins (Hsps). The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the antiatherogenic effect of statin therapy was not limited to its lipid lowering effect, but also included anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, paying special attention to the measurement of circulating concentrations of anti‐Hsp70 and anti‐Hsp60 antibodies previously related to vascular disease. Two‐hundred and seventy‐five subjects aged 40–60 years, randomly selected in an epidemiological study on the incidence of vascular risk factors, were studied. Laboratory tests included a complete lipid profile after a 12‐h fast and measurements of glucose, C‐reactive‐protein, anti‐Hsp70 and anti‐Hsp60 antibodies. Subjects with hypercholesterolemia had significantly higher concentrations of anti‐Hsp70 antibodies as compared to subjects with normal cholesterol concentrations. Statin therapy was associated with 11.63 and 15.3% reductions in total and LDL‐cholesterol (P = 0.005 and 0.017, respectively) as compared to untreated subjects, and with lower concentrations of circulating anti‐Hsp70 (P = 0.016) antibodies. No differences were found in C‐reactive‐protein values. Since statin therapy not only reduces lipid profile, but also anti‐Hsp70 and anti‐Hsp60 antibody concentrations, without changing C‐reactive‐protein values, it is suggested that such an effect could not be accounted for by the anti‐inflammatory properties of statins, but by their direct immunomodulatory properties through their effects on lymphocyte function.
Comparative Analysis of Brain Lipids in Mice, Cats, and Humans with Sandhoff Disease
Authors: Baek Rena C. , Martin Douglas R. , Cox Nancy R. , Seyfried Thomas N. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSandhoff disease (SD) is a glycosphingolipid (GSL) storage disease that arises from an autosomal recessive mutation in the gene for the β‐subunit of β‐Hexosaminidase A (Hexb gene), which catabolizes ganglioside GM2 within lysosomes. Accumulation of GM2 and asialo‐GM2 (GA2) occurs primarily in the CNS, leading to neurodegeneration and brain dysfunction. We analyzed the total lipids in the brains of SD mice, cats, and humans. GM2 and GA2 were mostly undetectable in the normal mouse, cat, and human brain. The lipid abnormalities in the SD cat brain were generally intermediate to those observed in the SD mouse and the SD human brains. GM2 comprised 38, 67, and 87% of the total brain ganglioside distribution in the SD mice, cats, and humans, respectively. The ratio of GA2–GM2 was 0.93, 0.13, and 0.27 in the SD mice, cats, and humans, respectively, suggesting that the relative storage of GA2 is greater in the SD mouse than in the SD cat or human. Finally, the myelin‐enriched lipids, cerebrosides and sulfatides, were significantly lower in the SD brains than in the control brains. This study is the first comparative analysis of brain lipids in mice, cats, and humans with SD and will be important for designing therapies for Sandhoff disease patients.
Partial Hydrogenation of Soybean Oil with Minimal Trans Fat Production Using a Pt‐Decorated Polymeric Membrane Reactor
Authors: Singh Devinder , Rezac M. E. , Pfromm P. H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPartial hydrogenation of vegetable oils is carried out to improve the chemical stability and raise the melting point to produce semi‐solid products such as margarine. Trans fatty acids formed during traditional hydrogenation have come under intense scrutiny with regard to human health. Here we report partial hydrogenation of soybean oil using a high performance integral‐asymmetric polyetherimide membrane sputtered with platinum to deliver hydrogen directly to or near the catalytic sites. Oil flows past the platinum‐coated “skin” side of the membrane while dissolved molecular and some atomic hydrogen is supplied from the highly porous substructure of the membrane. The membrane has a high hydrogen flux but is essentially impermeable to soybean oil. Hydrogenation using our metal/polymer catalytic composite membrane produced oil with only 4 wt.% total trans fatty acids and 14.5 wt.% C18:0 saturates at IV of 95 while the conventional Pt/C slurry reactor produced more than 10 wt.% TFA and the same amount of C18:0 saturates under similar conditions of temperature and pressure. Our concept requires hydrogen pressures of only about 65 psi and temperatures near 70 °C. The polymeric base membranes used here have been mass produced and can be packaged in spiral wound modules. The relatively mild reaction conditions and the direct pathway to produce useful membrane modules combine to make our concept promising for near‐term application.