bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) peptide conjugated poly(lactic acid)–poly(ethylene oxide) micelle for targeted drug delivery
Authors: Hu Zhiyuan , Luo Fang , Pan Yifeng , Hou Can , Ren Lifeng , Chen Jiji , Wang Jiwei , Zhang Yangde 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this study, a new poly(lactic acid)–poly (ethylene oxide)‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp (PLA‐PEO‐RGD) derivative was synthesized, and paclitaxel‐loaded PLA‐PEO‐RGD micelles were prepared by this derivative. The solubility assay showed that micelles mixed with Pluronic F‐68 as surfactant could increase the solubility of this hydrophobic paclitaxel in aqueous solution. The cell‐binding assay showed that PLA‐PEO‐RGD micelle (IC50 = 11.13 ± 1.38 nmol/L) had about 3.6‐fold higher integrin avidity than PLA‐PEO‐RGD conjugates (IC50 = 40.33 ± 3.12 nmol/L). The avidity of micelle was also higher than RGD4C peptide (IC50 = 24.44 ± 1.21 nmol/L). The in vitro drug release profile of drug‐loaded PLA‐PEO‐RGD micelles exhibited initial burst release to 37% ± 2% (w/w) during the first 12 h, and then the release rate became steady in a controlled release manner. Furthermore, treatment of the MDA‐MB‐435 breast cancer cell line with paclitaxel‐loaded PLA‐PEO‐RGD micelles yielded cytotoxicities, with EC50 values of ∼30 μmol/L. The paclitaxel‐loaded PLA‐PEO‐RGD micelles treated group showed the most dramatic tumor reduction in MDA‐MB‐435 tumor‐bearing nude mice, and the final mean tumor load was 31 ± 16 mm3 (mean ± SD; n = 8). 125I‐labeled micelles administration resulted in significant (p < 0.001) higher tumor uptake (2.68% ± 0.14%, ID/g) of PLA‐PEO‐RGD micelles compared to PLA‐PEO micelles (0.84% ± 0.09%, ID/g) after 2.5 h postinjection. Biodistribution study showed the best blood clearance of PLA‐PEO‐RGD micelles after 4.5 h postinjection. The results of this study suggest that paclitaxel‐loaded PLA‐PEO‐RGD micelles based on the specific recognition of αVβ3 integrin represent a potential and powerful target delivery technology. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Possible role of calcium on oocyte development after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: Mizushima Shusei , Takagi Soichi , Ono Tamao , Atsumi Yusuke , Tsukada Akira , Saito Noboru , Shimada Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAlthough a rise in intracellular calcium concentration of vertebrate oocytes plays a pivotal role for the initiation of fertilization or oocyte activation, no study on this subject has been reported in birds. This study was conducted to study the role of intracellular calcium in relation to fertilization in avian oocytes. First, immediately after a quail oocyte was injected with a sperm, it was treated with strontium chloride as an inducer for intracellular calcium rise at doses of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 mM for 4 hr in the culture medium and was followed by 20‐hr culture. Treatment with 5 mM of strontium chloride induced blastodermal development in 24.2% of injected eggs, although no oocytes developed without strontium treatment. Second, quail oocytes were injected with a sperm and 0.1 M calcium chloride or a sperm and saline solution, cultured without calcium for 4 hr and was followed by 20‐hr culture without strontium. The calcium solution induced blastodermal development in 20.5% of the oocytes, although no oocytes developed without calcium treatment. Third, quail oocytes were injected with 1,2‐bis (o‐aminophenoxy) ethane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) as a calcium chelator, cultured with strontium (5 mM) for 4 hr followed by 20‐hr culture without strontium. Only one oocyte developed after BAPTA and strontium treatment of 36 oocytes examined. Developmental stages of all the oocytes ranged from IV to VII. These results suggest that intracellular calcium rise may participate in quail oocyte activation and allow fertilization and blastodermal development. J. Exp. Zool. 307A:647–653, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploring housing subsidies to households in Russia
Authors: Hamilton Ellen , Banerjee Sudeshna Ghosh , Lomaia Maka 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSince the early 1990s, the Russian government has undertaken a series of reforms intended to change the system from one where housing and communal services (HCSs) were nearly free to one where residents paid the costs of their housing while protecting vulnerable families. Although households payments have increased, subsidies for HCSs remain substantial (about 4 per cent of GDP) and are exceeded only by public spending for pensions. This paper uses newly available data to analyse recipients of the two major housing subsidy programs. We find that neither l'goti (which are not targeted) nor allowances (which are supposed to be targeted) have provided much protection for poorer households from tariff increases. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and anomalous neurites in catecholaminergic neurons of ATF‐2 null mice
Authors: Kojima Masayo , Suzuki Takahiro , Maekawa Toshio , Ishii Shunsuke , Sumi‐Ichinose Chiho , Nomura Takahide , Ichinose Hiroshi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractATF‐2/CRE‐BP1 was originally identified as a cAMP‐responsive element (CRE) binding protein abundant in the brain. We previously reported that phosphorylation of ATF‐2 increased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), which is the rate‐limiting enzyme for catecholamine biosynthesis, directly acting on the CRE in the promoter region of the TH gene in PC12D cells (Suzuki et al. [2002] J. Biol. Chem. 277:40768–40774). To examine the role of ATF‐2 on transcriptional control of the TH gene in the brain, we investigated the TH expression in ATF‐2–/– mice. We found that TH expression was greatly increased in medulla oblongata and locus ceruleus of the ATF‐2‐deficient embryos. Ectopic expression of TH was observed in the raphe magnus nucleus, where serotonergic neural cell bodies are located. Interestingly, A10 dorsal neurons were lost in the embryos of ATF‐2–/– mice. There was no difference in the TH immunoreactivity in the olfactory bulb. The data showed that alteration in TH expression by absence of ATF‐2 gradually declined from caudal to rostral part of the brain. We also found anomalous neurite extension in catecholaminergic neurons of ATF‐2 null mice, i.e., increased dendritic arborization and shortened axons. These data suggest that ATF‐2 plays critical roles for proper expression of the TH gene and for neurite extension of catecholaminergic neurons, possibly through a repressor‐like action. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dopamine receptor agonists reverse behavioral abnormalities of α‐synuclein transgenic mouse, a new model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wakamatsu Masaki , Iwata Shingo , Funakoshi Takeo , Yoshimoto Makoto 
Published: September 2007

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by loss of nigral dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons and presence of Lewy bodies, whose major component is α‐synuclein. We had previously generated transgenic mice termed Syn130m that express truncated human α‐synuclein (amino acid residues 1–130) in DAergic neurons. Syn130m mice showed significant loss of DAergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Subsequently, the striatal DA level and spontaneous locomotor activity of the mice were decreased significantly. In the present study, we investigated behavioral responses of Syn130m mice to L‐DOPA and DA receptor agonists. Administration of L‐DOPA dose dependently ameliorated the reduction of spontaneous locomotor activity of Syn130m mice. Similarly, D2 agonists, quinpirole and talipexole, and a D1/D2 agonist, pergolide, were effective against the reduction. Syn130m mice also showed significant reduction in exploratory behavior compared with non‐Tg littermates when they were placed in a novel environment, but this abnormality was ameliorated by treatment with pergolide. These results strongly suggest that the behavioral abnormalities of Syn130m mice were caused by low striatal DA content. On the other hand, the expression of postsynaptic D2‐like receptors (DRD2) in the striatum was not increased in Syn130m mice, although the low striatal DA level is known to induce compensatory expression of DRD2. Because the abnormalities could be rectified by treatment with DA receptor agonists, it is likely that Syn130m mice provide a useful tool to explore therapeutic possibilities for PD as a new animal model of the disease. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
N‐Propanoylmannosamine interferes with O‐GlcNAc modification of the tyrosine 3‐monooxygenase and stimulates dopamine secretion
Authors: Bork Kaya , Kannicht Christoph , Nöhring Sabine , Reutter Werner , Weidemann Wenke , Hart Gerald W. , Horstkorte Rüdiger 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe most consistent neurochemical abnormality in Parkinson's disease is degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to a reduction of striatal dopamine levels. The rate‐limiting step in the biosynthesis of dopamine, noradrenalin, and adrenalin is catalyzed by tyrosine 3‐monooxygenase (=tyrosine hydroxylase), which catalyzes the formation of L‐DOPA. In earlier studies, we demonstrated that the novel synthetic sialic acid precursor N‐propanoylmannosamine is a potent stimulator of axonal growth and promotes reestablishment of the perforant pathway from layer II of cortical neurons to the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Here we show that application of N‐propanoylmannosamine leads to increased biosynthesis and secretion of dopamine. This increased biosynthesis of dopamine is due to decreased expression of O‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine on tyrosine 3‐monooxygenase. Intracellular attachment of O‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine to serine and threonine residues hinders phosphorylation, thereby regulating the activity of the proteins concerned. We therefore propose a model in which the application of ManNProp leads to increased phosphorylation and activation of tyrosine 3‐monooxygenase, which in turn leads to an increased synthesis of dopamine. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Career success and weak paradigms: the role of activity, resiliency, and true scores
Authors: Hollenbeck John R. , Mannor Michael J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractQuestions have been raised about the significant influence that weak paradigm development has on the careers of individuals struggling to make a life in the field of organization science. Based on the fact that a weak paradigm leads to low levels of agreement about the quality of any manuscript, it has been suggested that the marketplace for ideas is beyond comprehension to even the most talented individuals, and that career outcomes are determined largely by chance events over which people have no control. We re‐examine this argument and the influence of weak paradigms on the reliability of evaluations at the career level of analysis. Using Spearman–Brown Prophecy formula, we show that the reliability of evaluations at the career level is very high, even if one makes very pessimistic assumptions regarding inter‐rater agreement at the manuscript/journal level. Although weak paradigms create high levels of uncertainty on any one single pass through the review system, our results suggest that within 5 years, researchers are likely to be reliability evaluated. This reliability converges on 1.0 under specific conditions that are easily controlled by authors (activity level and resiliency) and editors (forming independent judgments and the use of three reviewers rather than two). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contribution of olive seed to the phenolic profile and related quality parameters of virgin olive oil
Authors: Luaces Pilar , Romero Carmen , Gutierrez Francisca , Sanz Carlos , Pérez Ana G 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Conflicting results have been reported about the effect of fruit de‐stoning on the virgin olive oil (VOO) phenolic profile. The aim of the present study was to determine whether olive seed plays any role in the synthesis of this oil phenolic fraction.RESULTS: Increases of around 25% of total phenolic compounds were observed in oils obtained from de‐stoned olive fruits in three main Spanish cultivars. To investigate the involvement of olive seed in determining the phenolic profile of VOO, whole intact olive fruits were added with up to 400% olive stones. Excellent regression coefficients were found in general for the decrease of total phenolic compounds and, particularly, of o‐diphenolics in the resulting oils. On the other hand, it was found that olive seed contains a high level of peroxidase (POX) activity (72.4 U g−1 FW), accounting for more than 98% of total POX activity in the whole fruit. This activity is able to modify VOO phenolics in vitro, similar to the effect of adding stones during VOO extraction.CONCLUSION: Olive seed plays an important role in determining VOO phenolic profile during the process to obtain an oil that seems to be associated with a high level of POX activity. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Micellization Kinetics of a Novel Multi‐Responsive Double Hydrophilic Diblock Copolymer Studied by Stopped‐Flow pH and Temperature Jump
Authors: Zhang Yanfeng , Wu Tao , Liu Shiyong 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDouble hydrophilic diblock copolymer, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐block‐poly(2‐diethylamino ethyl methacrylate) (PNIPAM‐b‐PDEA), was synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Containing the well‐known thermo‐responsive PNIPAM block and pH‐responsive PDEA block, this novel diblock copolymer exhibits intriguing “schizophrenic” micellization behavior in aqueous solution, forming PDEA‐core micelles at alkaline pH and room temperature, and PNIPAM‐core micelles at acidic pH and elevated temperatures. The kinetics of the pH‐ and thermo‐responsive micellization processes were studied in detail using a stopped‐flow apparatus equipped with a newly developed millisecond temperature jump (mT‐jump) accessory. Upon a pH jump from 4 to 12 at 25 °C, the early stages of relaxation curves monitoring the formation PDEA‐core micelles can be well‐fitted using a double‐exponential function, leading to two characteristic relaxation time constants, τ1 and τ2. As τ2 decreases with increasing polymer concentration, the slow process is thus expected to proceed via micelle fusion/fission mechanism, approaching the final equilibrium state. Upon a temperature jump from 20 to 45 °C at pH 4, the relaxation curves monitoring the formation PNIPAM‐core micelles can also be well‐fitted using a double‐exponential function. The fast process (τ1) is associated with the quick association of unimers into a large amount of small micelles and the formation of quasi‐equilibrium micelles. τ2 is almost independent of polymer concentration, suggesting that unimer insertion/expulsion is the main mechanism for the slow process. The protonated PDEA corona of quasi‐equilibrium micelles renders the micelle fusion/fission mechanism less favorable due to electrostatic repulsion.magnified image
Influence of the Composition on Crystal Phase and Thermal Behavior of trans‐1,4‐Butadiene/Isoprene Copolymers
Authors: Bertini Fabio , Canetti Maurizio , Ricci Giovanni 
Published: September 2007

AbstractButadiene/isoprene copolymers were prepared using the catalyst system V(acac)3‐MAO. The structure of the comonomers is trans‐1,4 and the butadiene and isoprene units are statistically distributed along the polymer chain. The attitude of the butadiene sequences to crystallize in the monoclinic form and to evolve in the hexagonal form is preserved in the copolymer for a certain range of composition. The temperature interval between the two endothermic events is progressively reduced by increasing the isoprene content. The monoclinic/hexagonal transition produces a considerable increase in the lamellar thickness of the polymers. Thermal degradation of the copolymers is influenced by the composition and takes place in two different stages: a series of cyclization and cross‐linking reactions occur before the decomposition step.magnified image
Local sentences and Mahlo cardinals
Authors: Finkel Olivier , Todorcevic Stevo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLocal sentences were introduced by Ressayre in [6] who proved certain remarkable stretching theorems establishing the equivalence between the existence of finite models for these sentences and the existence of some infinite well ordered models. Two of these stretching theorems were only proved under certain large cardinal axioms but the question of their exact (consistency) strength was left open in [4]. Here we solve this problem, using a combinatorial result of J. H. Schmerl [7]. In fact, we show that the stretching principles are equivalent to the existence of n ‐Mahlo cardinals for appropriate integers n. This is done by proving first that for every integer n, there is a local sentence φn having well ordered models of order type τ, for every infinite ordinal τ > ω which is not an n ‐Mahlo cardinal. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Conserving involution in residuated structures
Authors: Hsieh Ai‐ni , Raftery James G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper establishes several algebraic embedding theorems, each of which asserts that a certain kind of residuated structure can be embedded into a richer one. In almost all cases, the original structure has a compatible involution, which must be preserved by the embedding. The results, in conjunction with previous findings, yieldseparativeaxiomatizations of thededucibility relationsof various substructural formal systems having double negation and contraposition axioms. The separation theorems go somewhat further than earlier ones in the literature, which either treated fewer subsignatures or focussed on the conservation of theorems only. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pairwise disjoint eight‐shaped curves in hybrid planes
Authors: Costantini Camillo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe introduce a suitable notion of eight‐shaped curve in the product S × ℝ of a Suslin line S for the real line ℝ, and we prove that if S is dense in itself, then every collection of pairwise disjoint eight‐shaped curves in S × ℝ is countable. This parallels a folklore result which holds for the real plane. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Categorical abstract algebraic logic: The categorical Suszko operator
Authors: Voutsadakis George 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCzelakowski introduced the Suszko operator as a basis for the development of a hierarchy of non‐protoalgebraic logics, paralleling the well‐known abstract algebraic hierarchy of protoalgebraic logics based on the Leibniz operator of Blok and Pigozzi. The scope of the theory of the Leibniz operator was recently extended to cover the case of, the so‐called, protoalgebraic π‐institutions. In the present work, following the lead of Czelakowski, an attempt is made at lifting parts of the theory of the Suszko operator to the π‐institution framework. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Erratum: Analysis of a FitzHugh–Nagumo–Rall model of a neuronal network Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. 2007 (DOI: 10.1002/mma.880)
Authors: Cardanobile Stefano , Mugnolo Delio 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe above article (DOI: 10.1002/mma.880) was published online on 25 May 2007. An error was subsequently identified. Proposition 5.3.3 should read as follows:(3) If pj ≡ 0 and γi = 0 for all j = 1, …, m and i = 1, …, n, then there exist initial conditions […]The print publication will incorporate the amendment identified by this erratum notice.
1H and 13C NMR assignments for five anthraquinones from the mangrove endophytic fungus Halorosellinia sp. (No. 1403)
Authors: Xia Xue‐Kui , Huang Hua‐Rong , She Zhi‐Gang , Shao Chang‐Lun , Liu Fan , Cai Xiao‐Ling , Vrijmoed L. L. P. , Lin Yong‐Cheng 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe report the unambiguous assignments of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of two new natural products, namely, 1,4,5,6,7,9‐hexahydroxy‐2‐methoxy‐7‐methyl‐5β,9β,8aβ, 6α,10aα‐hexahydroanthracen‐10 (10aH)‐one (1) and 1,4,6‐trihydroxy‐2‐methoxy‐7‐methylanthracene‐9, 10‐dione (2), together with three known anthraquinones. These compounds were all isolated from the marine endophytic fungus No. 1403 collected from the South China Sea. Compounds 3 and 4 were isolated from the marine fungus for the first time. The structures were elucidated by the spectroscopic methods 1D and 2D NMR including COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOE, and HREIMS. In our cytotoxicity assays, compound 5 showed cytotoxicity toward KB and KBv‐200 cells with IC50 of 1.40 and 2.58 µg/ml, respectively. In addition, the plausible biogenic relationship of compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4 is discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of signal‐to‐noise behavior in Cartesian continuous sampling sequences: Predictions and experimental validation of opportunities for improved image SNR
Authors: Bookwalter Candice A. , Griswold Mark A. , Sunshine Jeffrey L. , Duerk Jeffrey L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractImage signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) limits many MRI applications. Here we propose a method to improve SNR based on continuous sampling (CS) during each TR without significant increases in acquisition time. The general concept of CS is defined here as sampling the NMR signal immediately after slice excitation including ramp times, both the dephase and rephase lobes, the phase‐encoding (PE) gradient application, and the slice refocusing gradient. This study analyzes several cases of CS and demonstrates a specific case where sampling occurs during an isolated and balanced readout gradient in order to increase SNR in a rectilinear Cartesian sequence without significantly increasing overall acquisition time. The noise correlation consequences of rectilinear CS are mathematically derived and proven through simulation. The SNR improvement of up to ∼40% measured in both phantom and asymptomatic human volunteer images is comparable to theoretical prediction of increased SNR proportional to the increase in the square root of the sampling time. Magn Reson Med 58:819–824, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectral quality control in motion‐corrupted single‐voxel J‐difference editing scans: An interleaved navigator approach
Authors: Bhattacharyya P.K. , Lowe M.J. , Phillips M.D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMotion has an adverse effect on spectral quality and needs to be properly identified in MR spectroscopy (MRS) scans. Spectral subtraction‐based techniques like J‐difference editing are prone to be affected more by subject motion where motion can result in false peaks or inefficient subtraction of peaks. Introducing a water signal‐based interleaved navigator scan in the MEGA point‐resolved spectroscopy (MEGA‐PRESS) sequence and acquiring data on a shot‐by‐shot basis, subject motion inside a scanner was tracked and motion‐corrupted data were identified and excluded from the dataset. Performing a γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) editing scan at the occipital cortex, it was possible to retrieve a properly edited GABA spectrum from a dataset otherwise to be discarded due to motion. This study demonstrates the importance of independent motion assessment in J‐difference editing. Magn Reson Med 58:808–812, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.