bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The maximum principle for optimal control of mean‐field FBSDE driving by Teugels martingales with terminal state constraints
Authors: Huang Zhen , Wang Ying , Lin Xiangyun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article studies the problem of optimal control with state constraints for mean‐field type stochastic systems, which is governed by a fully coupled forward‐backward stochastic differential equation with Teugels martingales. In this system, the coefficients contain not only the state processes but also its expectation value, and the cost function is of mean‐field type as well. We use an equivalent backward formulation to deal with the terminal state constraint, and then we obtain a stochastic maximum principle by Ekeland's variational principle. In addition, we discuss a stochastic linear‐quadratic control problem with state constraints.
Advanced polymeric dendrimers in the management of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kapare Harshad S. , Pawar Ranjitsinh , Neve Vrushali , Bhalchim Vrushali , Giram Prabhanjan S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, advanced polymeric dendrimers have emerged as a promising avenue for AD management. Dendrimers are highly branched, three‐dimensional macromolecules with precise nanoarchitectures, making them ideal candidates for the delivery of therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools. Their unique properties, such as well‐defined size, multifunctionality, and controlled surface chemistry, allow for the design of targeted and highly efficient drug delivery systems and diagnostic probes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential applications of advanced polymeric dendrimers in the management of Alzheimer's disease. We explored their role in drug delivery, diagnostics, and other therapeutic interventions for AD. Additionally, we will delve into the challenges and opportunities in utilizing dendrimers as a key player in the battle against this devastating disease. The review will begin by discussing the current state of Alzheimer's disease, including its pathological features, clinical manifestations, and existing treatment strategies. It will then transition to an in‐depth examination of polymeric dendrimers, highlighting their structural characteristics, synthesis methods, and biocompatibility. Subsequently, the review will delve into the various ways in which dendrimers can be tailored for AD management, including drug encapsulation and delivery, enhanced blood–brain barrier penetration, and targeted diagnostic imaging. Furthermore, we explored the potential benefits of dendrimer‐based therapies, such as improved drug efficacy, reduced side effects, and enhanced patient compliance. The review will also address the challenges associated with dendrimer‐based approaches, including toxicity concerns, regulatory hurdles, and the need for rigorous clinical evaluation.
Prenatal phenotype of a homozygous nonsense MPDZ variant in a fetus with severe congenital hydrocephalus
Authors: Vanden Eynde Nathalie , Van den Mooter Eve , Vantroys Elise , De Schutter Elke , Leus Astrid , Keymolen Kathelijn , Dimitrov Boyan , van Berkel Kim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe fetal phenotype of MPDZ‐associated congenital hydrocephalus type 2 with or without brain or eye anomalies (HYC2) (OMIM 615219) is not well described in the literature. The present case shows not previously published clinical fetal features that are detected during routine second trimester ultrasound screening at 21 weeks of gestation such as bilateral ventriculomegaly, lean cavum septum pellucidum, suspicion of hypoplastic corpus callosum, and suspicion of gyration disorder with normal fossa posterior. Combination of clinical features and a gene panel for congenital malformation syndromes detected a homozygous, likely pathogenic nonsense variant in the MPDZ gene. HYC2 is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with prenatal onset. Clinical presentation is highly variable, varying from stillbirth and severe neurodevelopmental problems with death in infancy to adult patients. Other reported associated congenital anomalies are mainly heart defects and ophthalmologic abnormalities. The present case so far is the first prenatally well described case of HYC2 in an ongoing pregnancy.
Eliminating first trimester combined testing: Consequences for early detection of significant fetal anomalies
Authors: Lugthart M. A. , Heinrich H. , Ertugrul I. , Nsiah‐Asare E. N. , van de Kamp K. , Linskens I. H. , van Maarle M. C. , van Leeuwen E. , Pajkrt E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether implementation of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) testing for aneuploidy as a first‐tier test and subsequent abolition of first trimester combined testing (FCT) affected the first trimester detection (<14 weeks) of certain fetal anomalies.MethodsWe performed a geographical cohort study in two Fetal Medicine Units between 2011 and 2020, including 705 fetuses with prenatally detected severe brain, abdominal wall and congenital heart defects. Cases were divided into two groups: before (n = 396) and after (n = 309) cfDNA introduction. The primary outcome was the first trimester detection rate (<14 weeks) overall and for non‐chromosomal anomalies solely.ResultsOverall, gastroschisis, AVSD and HLHS were detected more often in the first trimester in the before group compared to the after group, respectively 54.5% versus 18.5% (p = 0.004), 45.9% versus 26.9% (p = 0.008) and 30% versus 3.4% (p = 0.005). After exclusion of chromosomal anomalies identifiable through cfDNA testing, the detection of AVSD remained higher in the before group (43.3% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.02), leading to a possible earlier gestation at termination. The termination of pregnancy (TOP) rate did not differ among the groups. In the after group, referrals for suspected anomalies following a dating scan between 11 and 14 weeks significantly increased from 17.4% to 29.1% (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study underscores the value of a scan dedicated to fetal anatomy in the first trimester as we observed a decline in the early detection of certain fetal anomalies (detectable in the first trimester) subsequent to the abolition of FCT.
Uptake rate of carrier screening among consanguineous couples
Authors: Ricca Julianne , Brandt Justin S. , Jacob Natalie , Ashkinadze Elena 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the uptake rates of Carrier Screening (CS) in consanguineous couples and compare this rate to that of non‐consanguineous couples.MethodsWe performed a matched case control study of 82 consanguineous couples seen at Rutgers‐Robert Wood Johnson Medical school who were offered carrier screening between January 1, 2012 and October 10, 2022. We then matched each consanguineous female patient to a non‐consanguineous female control patient who was also offered CS at the time of their genetic counseling appointment. A 2 × 2 contingency table analysis was used to compare rates of acceptance and declination between the consanguineous and non‐consanguineous groups.ResultsThe overall acceptance rate among consanguineous couples was 82.9%, whereas the overall acceptance rate among non‐consanguineous couples was 56.1%. After statistical analysis, consanguineous couples were significantly more likely to accept CS as compared to non‐consanguineous couples (OR = 3.801, 95% CI; p < 0.0001). We also report the carrier couple rates and individual carrier statistics between these two groups.ConclusionThis study supports the idea that consanguineous couples are more likely to pursue CS and have a higher carrier couple yield.
The longitudinal relationship between self‐compassion and cancer patients' unmet supportive care needs
Authors: Yu Yunlei , Li Yanze , Zhao Jiang , Yao Juntao , Duan Yaokun , Shao Yufei , Xie Juan , Zhu Lei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesUnmet supportive care needs are associated with psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety. However, so far, few studies have explored the protective psychological factors of unmet needs. Therefore, this study intends to explore the protective effect of self‐compassion on unmet needs of Chinese cancer patients and to examine the predictive role of self‐compassion on these needs during treatment.MethodsA longitudinal study was performed at Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital in Xi'an, China. A total of 153 heterogeneous cancer patients were assessed after the first diagnosis (T1), at the beginning (T2) and end (T3) of medical treatment. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to examine the research questions.ResultsCross‐sectional regression analyses showed that self‐compassion at T1 was significantly related to psychological needs at T1. Negative self‐compassion at T1 was significantly related to total unmet needs, psychological needs, health system, and information and sexual needs. Longitudinal regression analyses showed that self‐compassion at T1 significantly predicted total unmet needs; health system and information (HSI) needs at T2, psychological needs at T3, and negative self‐compassion at T1 significantly predicted total unmet needs, HSI needs, physical needs, and patient care needs at T2 when controlling for unmet needs at T1. Positive self‐compassion was not a predictor of unmet needs.ConclusionsSelf‐compassion can be a protective factor of unmet needs in cancer patients. Future intervention studies should focus on improving the overall level of self‐compassion and reducing the level of negative self‐compassion in cancer patients to reduce patients' unmet needs.
The effect of a couple‐based posttraumatic growth intervention in supporting couples coping with colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Chen Xuan , Zhou Junrui , Lin Chunyan , Zhao Jie , Li Qiuping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo promote posttraumatic growth (PTG) in colorectal cancer (CRC) couples, a couple‐based PTG intervention was conducted, and the intervention had previously proved be feasible in CRC couples. The current study was conducted to validate the effects of intervention in CRC couples.MethodThis is a randomized controlled study that included 174 CRC couples. All participants were randomized to either the intervention (usual care plus 5‐week PTG intervention, n = 87) or the control group (usual care, n = 87). Data were collected from CRC couple dyads at baseline and immediately post‐intervention periods. Primary outcome refers to positive changes, and secondary outcomes include marital satisfaction, quality of life (QOL), and anxiety and depression. Multilevel modeling was applied to analyze the intervention effects.ResultsParticipants in the program showed increased PTG, marital satisfaction, and QOL both physically and mentally, and decreased levels of anxiety and depression over time. And spousal caregivers showed greater improvement in marital satisfaction and physical QOL compared with patients. In addition, significant intervention effects were shown in the participants' benefit finding, physical health and depressive symptoms.ConclusionThe study confirmed the effect of the PTG intervention on CRC couples' benefit finding, physical health and depressive symptoms. However, this study only measured outcome variables at two time‐points. Future studies should add follow‐up assessments to evaluate long‐term effects of the intervention in CRC couples.Registration numberChiCTR2300067809.
The Contribution of Sustainable Packaging to the Circular Food Supply Chain
Authors: Zambujal‐Oliveira João , Fernandes Cristina 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTAs food supply chains pursue sustainability, numerous questions arise from their agents, focusing on the role of reverse logistics in sustainable packaging design and its effective contribution to waste reduction and the conservation of natural resources. With the goal of developing a new multi‐criteria decision‐making framework, this article examines how several multi‐criteria decision‐making approaches can be used to facilitate the selection of sustainable product‐package designs. Using a case study, the multi‐criteria decision‐making method analyses package design, helping decision‐makers to determine and minimize the percentage of food losses at each step of the supply chain. Furthermore, the design of both the product and its packaging must encompass the entire life cycle, including materials sourcing, production, transportation, use and disposal. Achieving sustainability requires a collaborative effort among all supply chain agents, from producers to consumers. Consequently, this study aims to explore the challenges and opportunities of attaining sustainable product and packaging design in the food supply chain, emphasizing the need for a long‐term, collaborative approach to sustainability. This study concludes that sustainable packaging is highly relevant in the circular food supply chain due to its direct contributions to reducing food waste, conserving resources, mitigating carbon emissions, and meeting consumer preferences for eco‐friendly products. Given the consideration of relevant criteria, the multicriteria method appears to be suitable for analysing food supply chains, thanks to its systematic approach in managing the application of sustainable packaging throughout the entire process, including the production, processing, distribution, and consumption of food products.
Measurement of Rubidium Vapor Density Based on Spin‐Exchange Rate
Authors: Shang Huining , Zou Sheng , Zhang Hong , Fang Jiancheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn efficient method is proposed for quantifying rubidium vapor density by analyzing the spin‐exchange rate between alkali metals. This method effectively addresses two primary challenges in measuring alkali vapor density. First, it overcomes the limitation of absorption spectroscopy to measure vapor density under optically thick conditions, typically restricted to temperature higher than 420K, equivalent to alkali vapor density exceeding . Second, it mitigates the risk of disrupting shielding functionality due to the application of a strong magnetic field, often in the range of several tens of Gauss or higher, when employing the Faraday rotation for vapor‐density measurement. The spin‐exchange rate between atoms, inherently related to the vapor density, is evident in the electron‐paramagnetic‐resonance spectrum of spin‐polarized , thereby providing a possibility for measuring alkali vapor density. To eliminate overlap between two Lorentzian curves resulting from two decomposed components of an oscillating field, a small rotating magnetic field with identical amplitude and frequency but a 90‐degree phase shift along both the x and y axes is applied. This method is successfully employed to measure vapor density in the temperature range of 373–433 K, with the measured outcomes closely matching the saturation vapor curve.
Litter and root sources of soil organic matter in a temperate forest: Thirty years in the DIRT
Authors: Bowden Richard D. , Simpson Myrna J. , Saucedo Nathalie Paz , Brozell Katherine , DiGiacomo Jackie , Lajtha Kate 
Published: March 2024

AbstractManagers increasingly seek to increase forest soil carbon but long‐term controls on soil organic matter (SOM) sources and stability are weakly understood. We used a 30‐year detrital input/removal treatment experiment in a deciduous forest to evaluate the importance of root and leaf litter to SOM. Inputs were assessed by excluding roots and leaves (litter) or by doubling litter inputs. In mineral soil, %SOM differed only at 0–10 cm (p = 0.11), with concentrations in the no litter and no roots treatments of 26% and 9%, respectively, lower than the controls. Cessation of litter inputs had a stronger effect on SOM than cessation of root inputs, but root litter inputs may contribute stable SOM. Doubled litter increased mineral SOM.
Fostering sustainable production via the Amazon Fund collaborative platform
Authors: Bizzo Eduardo , Michener Gregory 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMotivated by the notion that collaboration is essential to achieving sustainable development, this research explores the impact of the Brazil‐based Amazon Fund Collaborative Platform in boosting sustainable production across multiple forest and agroforestry initiatives in the Amazon region. Collaborative platforms represent a relatively new concept, amounting to governance structures that facilitate the creation, adaptation, and success of multiple ongoing collaborative projects or networks. Utilizing data sourced from the Brazilian Amazon spanning from 2003 to 2017, we employ a difference‐in‐differences with multiple time periods estimation to understand the effects of the Amazon Fund Collaborative Platform on the production of forest and agroforestry goods. Our results, which show that collaborative platforms are associated with significantly higher production, enjoin policymakers to adopt platforms in promoting sustainable development.
Asymmetrically Coordinated Mn‐S1N3 Configuration Induces Localized Electric Field‐Driven Peroxymonosulfate Activation for Remarkably Efficient Generation of 1O2
Authors: Yang Zhaoyi , Yang Xiaofang , Zhang Weijun , Wang Dongsheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSinglet oxygen (1O2) species generated in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)‐based advanced oxidation processes offer opportunities to overcome the low efficiency and secondary pollution limitations of existing AOPs, but efficient production of 1O2 via tuning the coordination environment of metal active sites remains challenging due to insufficient understanding of their catalytic mechanisms. Herein, an asymmetrical configuration characterized by a manganese single atom coordinated is established with one S atom and three N atoms (denoted as Mn‐S1N3), which offer a strong local electric field to promote the cleavage of O─H and S─O bonds, serving as the crucial driver of its high 1O2 production. Strikingly, an enhanced the local electric field caused by the dynamic inter‐transformation of the Mn coordination structure (Mn‐S1N3 ↔ Mn‐N3) can further downshift the 1O2 production energy barrier. Mn‐S1N3 demonstrates 100% selective product 1O2 by activation of PMS at unprecedented utilization efficiency, and efficiently oxidize electron‐rich pollutants. This work provides an atomic‐level understanding of the catalytic selectivity and is expected to guide the design of smart 1O2‐AOPs catalysts for more selective and efficient decontamination applications.
A Cross‐linked n‐Type Conjugated Polymer with Polar Side Chains Enables Ultrafast Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Quek Glenn , Ohayon David , Ng Pei Rou , Bazan Guillermo C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPseudocapacitors bridge the performance gap between batteries and electric double‐layer capacitors by storing energy via a combination of fast surface/near‐surface Faradaic redox processes and electrical double‐layer capacitance. Organic semiconductors are an emerging class of pseudocapacitive materials that benefit from facile synthetic tunability and mixed ionic‐electronic conduction. Reported examples are mostly limited to p‐type (electron‐donating) conjugated polymers, while n‐type (electron‐accepting) examples remain comparatively underexplored. This work introduces a new cross‐linked n‐type conjugated polymer, spiro‐NDI‐N, strategically designed with polar tertiary amine side chains. This molecular design aims to synergistically increase the electroactive surface area and boost ion transport for efficient ionic‐electronic coupling. Spiro‐NDI‐N demonstrates excellent pseudocapacitive energy storage performance in pH‐neutral aqueous electrolytes, with specific capacitance values of up to 532 F g−1 at 5 A g−1 and stable cycling over 5000 cycles. Moreover, it maintains a rate capability of 307 F g−1 at 350 A g−1. The superior pseudocapacitive performance of spiro‐NDI‐N, compared to strategically designed structural analogues lacking either the cross‐linked backbone or polar side chains, validates the essential role of its molecular design elements. More broadly, the design and performance of spiro‐NDI‐N provide a novel strategy for developing high‐performance organic pseudocapacitors.
The power of representation: Statistical analysis of diversity in US Alzheimer's disease genetics data
Authors: Xue Diane , Blue Elizabeth E. , Conomos Matthew P. , Fohner Alison E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disease influenced by genetics and environment. More than 75 susceptibility loci have been linked to late‐onset AD, but most of these loci were discovered in genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) exclusive to non‐Hispanic White individuals. There are wide disparities in AD risk across racially stratified groups, and while these disparities are not due to genetic differences, underrepresentation in genetic research can further exacerbate and contribute to their persistence. We investigated the racial/ethnic representation of participants in United States (US)‐based AD genetics and the statistical implications of current representation.METHODSWe compared racial/ethnic data of participants from array and sequencing studies in US AD genetics databases, including National Institute on Aging Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Data Storage Site (NIAGADS) and NIAGADS Data Sharing Service (dssNIAGADS), to AD and related dementia (ADRD) prevalence and mortality. We then simulated the statistical power of these datasets to identify risk variants from non‐White populations.RESULTSThere is insufficient statistical power (probability <80%) to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with low to moderate effect sizes (odds ratio [OR]<1.5) using array data from Black and Hispanic participants; studies of Asian participants are not powered to detect variants OR <= 2. Using available and projected sequencing data from Black and Hispanic participants, risk variants with OR = 1.2 are detectable at high allele frequencies. Sample sizes remain insufficiently powered to detect these variants in Asian populations.DISCUSSIONAD genetics datasets are largely representative of US ADRD burden. However, there is a wide discrepancy between proportional representation and statistically meaningful representation. Most variation identified in GWAS of non‐Hispanic White individuals have low to moderate effects. Comparable risk variants in non‐White populations are not detectable given current sample sizes, which could lead to disparities in future studies and drug development. We urge AD genetics researchers and institutions to continue investing in recruiting diverse participants and use community‐based participatory research practices.
One loop QCD corrections to gg → $$t\overline{t }H$$ at $$\mathcal{O}\left({\epsilon }^{2}\right)$$
Authors: Buccioni Federico , Kreer Philipp Alexander , Liu Xiao , Tancredi Lorenzo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We compute the one-loop corrections to gg → $$t\overline{t }H$$ up to order $$\mathcal{O}\left({\epsilon }^{2}\right)$$ in the dimensional-regularization parameter. We apply the projector method to compute polarized amplitudes, which generalize massless helicity amplitudes to the massive case. We employ a semi-numerical strategy to evaluate the scattering amplitudes. We express the form factors through scalar integrals analytically, and obtain separately integration by parts reduction identities in compact form. We integrate numerically the corresponding master integrals with an enhanced implementation of the Auxiliary Mass Flow algorithm. Using a numerical fit method, we concatenate the analytic and the numeric results to obtain fast and reliable evaluation of the scattering amplitude. This approach improves numerical stability and evaluation time. Our results are implemented in the Mathematica package TTH.
Rational Angles and Tilings of the Sphere by Congruent Quadrilaterals
Authors: Luk Hoi Ping , Cheung Ho Man 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe apply Diophantine analysis to classify edge-to-edge tilings of the sphere by congruent almost equilateral quadrilaterals (i.e., edge combination $$a^3b$$

a
3

b

). Parallel to a complete classification by Cheung, Luk, and Yan, the method implemented here is more systematic and applicable to other related tiling problems. We also provide detailed geometric data for the tilings.