bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclooxygenase selectivity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in canine blood
Authors: Streppa Heather K. , Jones Chris J. , Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate cyclooxygenase (COX) selectivity of several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in canine blood in vitro.Animals—11 healthy adult male hound crosses.Procedure—9 NSAID were studied at 5 concentrations. Thromboxane B2(TxB2) was assayed as a measure of COX-1 activity in clotted blood. Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) was assayed as a measure of COX-2 activity in heparinized, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated blood. All assays were competitive ELISA tests. Cyclooxygenase selectivity was expressed as a ratio of the concentration of an NSAID that inhibited 50% of the activity (IC50) of COX-1 to the IC50of COX-2. A separate ratio of the concentration that inhibited 80% of COX activity (IC80) was also determined. A ratio of < 1.0 indicated selectivity for COX-1, whereas a ratio of > 1.0 indicated COX-2 selectivity.Results—Ketoprofen, aspirin, and etodolac were COX-1 selective. Piroxicam, meloxicam, and carprofen had COX-2 selectivity. The IC50and IC80values were similar for most NSAID.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—This methodology provides repeatable data from individual dogs and is comparable to results of previous in vitro and ex vivo models. Findings are also consistent with those of canine studies performed in vivo, suggesting that this is a viable in vitro assessment of the COX selectivity of NSAID in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:91–94)
Clinical usefulness of cardiac event recording in dogs and cats examined because of syncope, episodic collapse, or intermittent weakness: 60 cases (1997–1999)
Authors: Bright Janice M. , Cali John V. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the clinical usefulness of
cardiac event recording in evaluating dogs and cats
with unexplained syncope, episodic collapse, or intermittent
weakness.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—58 dogs and 2 cats.

Procedure—Medical records and electrocardiographic
rhythm strips obtained by cardiac event recordings
were reviewed. Cardiac rhythm data from the event
recordings were classified as diagnostic or nondiagnostic.
Diagnostic yield was calculated by dividing the
number of animals for which cardiac event recording
was diagnostic by the total number of animals undergoing
cardiac event recording.

Results—For 51 animals, cardiac event recording was
classified as diagnostic; therefore, overall diagnostic
yield was 85%. Diagnostic yield was lower for animals
without underlying structural heart disease
(75.5%) than for animals with structural heart disease
(95.6%). A specific arrhythmia was identified as the
cause of clinical signs in 18 of the 51 (35%) animals
for which cardiac event recording was diagnostic.
Cardiac arrhythmia was definitively excluded as the
cause of clinical signs in the remaining 33 (65%) animals
in which cardiac event recording was diagnostic.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate
that cardiac event recording had a high diagnostic
yield in dogs and cats examined because of unexplained
syncope, episodic collapse, or transient weakness
and ataxia, regardless of whether animals did or
did not have an underlying structural heart disease.
Diagnostic yield of cardiac event recording was higher
than that reported previously for Holter monitoring.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000;216:1110–1114)
Breed distribution of dogs with diabetes mellitus admitted to a tertiary care facility
Authors: Hess Rebecka S. , Kass Philip H. , Ward Cynthia R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine which dog breeds are at low
and high risk for developing diabetes mellitus (DM).

Design—Cohort study.

Animals—Hospital population of 221 dogs with DM
and 42,882 dogs without DM during 5.5 years.

Procedure—165 breeds (including a mixed-breed category)
were represented in the hospital population.
Breed-specific expected numbers of dogs with DM
were calculated by multiplying the proportion of all
dogs admitted to the hospital that were determined
to have DM during the study period by the breed-specific
totals during the study period. Breeds or breed
groups evaluated in the analysis (n = 20) were restricted
to those that had a combined observed and
expected count > 5 to document breeds at low and
high risk for developing DM. Proportionate changes in
the risk of developing DM by breed were calculated
and presented using exact odds ratios, 95% confidence
intervals, and P values. Mixed-breed dogs
were chosen as the reference breed.

Results—Samoyeds, Miniature Schnauzers, Miniature
Poodles, Pugs, and Toy Poodles were at high risk
for developing DM. Dog breeds found to be at low
risk for developing DM were German Shepherd Dog,
Golden Retriever, and American Pit Bull Terrier.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—The finding
that certain dog breeds are at low or high risk for
developing DM suggests that some genetic defects
may predispose dogs to development of DM, whereas
other genetic factors may protect dogs from development
of DM. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000;216:
1414–1417)
Idiopathic pure red cell aplasia and nonregenerative immune-mediated anemia in dogs: 43 cases (1988–1999)
Authors: Stokol Tracy , Blue Julia T. , French Tracy W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To examine clinical features, laboratory test results, treatment, and outcome of dogs with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and idiopathic nonregenerative immune-mediated anemia (NRIMA).Design—Retrospective study.Animals—43 dogs with severe nonregenerative anemia.Procedure—Medical records of dogs determined to have PRCA, NRIMA, or ineffective erythropoiesis on the basis of bone marrow analysis between 1988 and 1999 were reviewed. Criteria for inclusion were ≥ 5- day history of severe nonregenerative anemia (Hct < 20%; < 60.0 X 103reticulocytes/µl) with no underlying diseases. Information was retrieved on signalment, clinical signs, laboratory test results, treatment, and outcome.Results—Median age of the dogs was 6.5 years. Spayed females and Labrador Retrievers were significantly overrepresented. Median Hct was 11% with no evidence of regeneration (median, 1.5 X 103reticulocytes/ µl). Direct Coombs' test results were positive in 57% of dogs. Biochemical abnormalities included hyperferremia and high percentage saturation of transferrin. Bone marrow findings ranged from PRCA (5%) to erythroid hyperplasia (55%). Myelofibrosis was common. Dogs were treated with immunosuppressive drugs and the response was complete, partial, and poor in 55, 18, and 27% of the dogs, respectively. Mortality rate was 28%.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—An immunemediated pathogenesis should be considered in dogs with severe, nonregenerative anemia, normal WBC and platelet counts, hyperferremia, mild clinical signs, and no evidence of underlying disease. Bone marrow findings range from the rare PRCA to erythroid hyperplasia. Myelofibrosis is often detected in affected dogs and may prevent bone marrow aspiration. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1429–1436)
Endogenous lipid pneumonia in cats: 24 cases (1985–1998)
Authors: Jones Donna J. , Norris Carol R. , Samii Valerie F. , Griffey Stephen M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical signs, radiographic and histologic abnormalities, and concurrent diseases in cats with endogenous lipid pneumonia (EnLP) and to determine the pathologic importance of EnLP in cats.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—24 cats.Procedure—Medical records of cats in which EnLP was confirmed by histologic examination of necropsy specimens were reviewed. Information collected from the medical records included signalment, body weight, clinical signs, and results of clinicopathologic tests. Thoracic radiographs were reviewed by a radiologist; histologic specimens were reviewed by a pathologist.Results—All cats had nonspecific clinical abnormalities, such as lethargy, anorexia, or weight loss; 16 had signs of respiratory tract disease. All cats had concurrent systemic diseases, and clinicopathologic abnormalities were reflective of these conditions. Nonspecific abnormalities were detected on thoracic radiographs from 9 of 11 cats. Most cats had macroscopic, multifocal, subpleural lesions; inflammatory infiltrates, cholesterol clefts, and multinucleated giant cells were common. Ten cats had an underlying obstructive pulmonary disease that was the likely cause of EnLP. Lesions of EnLP were not considered to be severe enough or extensive enough to be the cause of death in any of these cats.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—EnLP is an uncommon respiratory tract disorder of cats with no pathognomonic clinical, laboratory, or radiographic findings. Although EnLP was not the cause of death in any of these cats, results of the present study do suggest that EnLP may be a marker for potentially severe underlying obstructive pulmonary disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1437–1440)
Mesenteric rents as a source of small intestinal strangulation in horses: 15 cases (1990–1997)
Authors: Gayle J'mai M. , Blikslager Anthony T. , Bowman Karl F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe the clinical findings in horses with small intestinal strangulation through mesenteric rents, and to determine the recurrence and survival rates after surgery.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—15 horses with small intestinal obstruction via a mesenteric rent.Procedure—Medical records of horses with obstruction of the small intestine via a mesenteric rent between January 1990 and December 1997 were reviewed. The signalment, history, initial physical examination findings, results of abdominocentesis, and clinical laboratory values were recorded. Surgical findings, including location of the mesenteric rent and surgical procedure performed, were recorded. Shortand long-term survival rates were calculated.Results—Most mesenteric rents were located in the mesentery of the small intestine (13 horses). Two horses had multiple mesenteric defects. Seven horses were euthanatized at surgery because of an inability to reduce the entrapped intestine (3 horses), uncontrollable hemorrhage (2), inability to close the rent (1), and the amount of compromised intestine involved (1). Seven horses required intestinal resection and anastomosis. The median length of intestine resected was 2.6 m (range, 0.6 to 4.5 m). The mesenteric rents created during resection were not closed in 2 horses. One of these 2 horses subsequently developed a strangulating obstruction through the open rent.Seven of 15 horses in our study were discharged from the hospital (ie, short-term survival rate of 47% [7/15]). Long-term follow-up information was available for 5 of the 7 horses (follow-up duration of 5 months to 9 years), of which 2 died as a result of colic, and 1 horse was euthanatized because of severe arthritis (ie, long-term survival rate of 40% [2/5]).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Inability to reduce the intestinal obstruction, severe hemorrhage from the mesentery, and the length of intestine involved are the main factors that decrease survival rates in horses with small intestinal strangulation caused by mesenteric rents. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1446–1449).
Autologous blood collection and transfusion in cats undergoing partial craniectomy
Authors: Fusco Jason V. , Hohenhaus Ann E. , Aiken Sean W. , Joseph Richard J. , Berg Jason M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe the procedure for autologous blood donation and associated complications in cats undergoing partial craniectomy for mass removal.Design—Prospective case series.Animals—15 cats with intracranial mass confirmed by computed tomographic scan, no evidence of renal failure, and PCV ≥ 22%.Procedure—One unit (60 ml) of blood was collected and stored 7 to 17 days before surgery and transfused during the perioperative period if needed. The PCV was measured before donation, before surgery, during surgery, and after surgery to assess effect of donation on PCV before surgery and effect of transfusion on PCV after surgery. Cats were evaluated for donation complications, iatrogenic anemia, and adverse reactions associated with administration of autologous blood.Results—Complications associated with phlebotomy were not detected. Fifteen cats underwent partial craniectomy 7 to 17 days after blood donation; all had histologic confirmation of meningioma by examination of tissue obtained at surgery. Eleven cats received autologous blood transfusions. None of the cats received allogeneic blood transfusions. Transfusion reactions were not observed. Subclinical iatrogenic anemia was detected in 3 cats. Two cats were considered to have received excessive transfusion, and 3 cats received inadequate transfusion. All cats undergoing partial craniectomy were discharged from the hospital and were alive > 6 months after surgery.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Autologous blood donation before surgery was considered safe for cats undergoing partial craniectomy for resection of meningioma. The only complication observed was iatrogenic anemia. The procedure contributed to blood conservation in our hospital. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1584–1588)
Current and future trends in demographics of veterinary medicine in California
Authors: Kass Philip H. , Hansen Robert J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the present and future supply
of veterinarians in California, in light of changing
trends in animal ownership.

Design—Database analysis.

Sample Population—Human and animal populations,
including populations of veterinarians, throughout
the United States.

Procedures—Data on animal and human populations
were compiled from a number of sources, including
the US Census Bureau, American Veterinary Medical
Association, State of California Department of
Finance, and State of California Veterinary Medical
Board. The distribution of veterinarians in California
was contrasted with other health professionals in
California and with that of veterinarians in other
states. Recent changes in veterinary medical demographics
in California were quantified and used to
develop in-state projections about the supply of veterinarians
for the next 20 years.

Results—Although California is the most populous of
the 50 states, only 7 states had fewer veterinarians
per capita. Furthermore, California ranked next to last
among states in increase of number of veterinarians
between 1990 and 1995. Los Angeles County had the
smallest per-capita number of veterinarians among 9
populous California counties. During that period,
California had a net gain of only 6 veterinarians who
were exclusively or predominantly large-animal or
mixed-animal practitioners.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—If current
trends continue, the per-capita number of veterinarians
will continue to decrease in California. To maintain
the current ratio of 17.8 veterinarians/100,000 people in
California in the future, we estimate that an additional
50 veterinarians above the currently predicted increase
will be required annually. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000;216:1753–1757)
Lifetime reproductive and financial performance of female swine
Authors: Lucia Thomaz , Dial Gary D. , Marsh William E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate reproductive and financial performance for commercial swine herds grouped on the basis of pattern of removal of female swine.Design—Cohort study.Sample Population—25 swine herds.Procedures—Lifetime reproductive productivity was summarized as number of pigs weaned per herd day per mated female and as number of herd days per pig weaned per mated female. Factors associated with these 2 measures were determined by use of linear regression. Financial data from a commercial database were used to estimate maximum number of parities at removal associated with profitability. Sensitivity analysis was used to simulate how variations in daily maintenance cost and value per weaned pig would influence profitability.Results—Mean number of pigs weaned per herd day per mated female was 0.054; mean number of herd days per pig weaned per mated female was 20.2. Both these measures were associated with proportion of nonproductive days during herd life, preweaning mortality rate per litter weaned, mean lifetime number of pigs born alive per litter weaned, and mean lifetime lactation duration. Maximum parity at time of removal associated with profitability ranged from 5 to 8. Daily maintenance costs per female had a greater impact on lifetime profitability than did value per weaned pig.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that lifetime reproductive and financial performance is optimized among swine herds that have higher proportions of high-parity females. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1802–1809)
Naturally occurring tuberculosis in white-tailed deer
Authors: Palmer Mitchell V. , Whipple Diana L. , Payeur Janet B. , Alt David P. , Esch Kevin J. , Bruning-Fann Colleen S. , Kaneene John B. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the distribution of lesions
and extent of tissues infected with Mycobacterium
bovis in a captive population of white-tailed deer.

Design—Cross-sectional study.

Animals—116 captive white-tailed deer.

Procedure—Deer were euthanatized, and postmortem
examinations were performed. Tissues with
gross lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were collected
for microscopic analysis and bacteriologic culture.
Tissues from the head, thorax, and abdomen of deer
with no gross lesions were pooled for bacteriologic
culture. Tonsillar, nasal, oral, and rectal swab specimens,
fecal samples, and samples of hay and pelleted
feed, soil around feeding sites, and water from 2 natural
ponds were collected for bacteriologic culture.

Results—Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from 14
of 116 (12%) deer; however, only 9 of 14 had lesions
consistent with tuberculosis. Most commonly affected
tissues included the medial retropharyngeal lymph
node and lung. Five of 14 tuberculous deer had no
gross lesions; however, M bovis was isolated from
pooled tissue specimens from the heads of each of
these deer. Bacteriologic culture of tonsillar swab specimens
from 2 of the infected deer yielded M bovis.
Mean (± SEM) age of tuberculous deer was 2.5 ± 0.3
years (range, 0.5 to 6 years). Mycobacterium bovis was
not isolated from feed, soil, water, or fecal samples.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Examination of
hunter-killed white-tailed deer for tuberculosis commonly
includes only the lymph nodes of the head.
Results of such examinations may underestimate disease
prevalence by as much as 57%. Such discrepancy
should be considered when estimating disease prevalence.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000;216:1921–1924)
Long-term outcome of horses with a slab fracture of the central or third tarsal bone treated conservatively: 25 cases (1976–1993)
Authors: Murphey E. D. , Schneider Robert K. , Adams Stephen B. , Santschi Elizabeth M. , Stick John A. , Ruggles Alan J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical features of horses with a slab fracture of the central or third tarsal bone and to report outcome of horses in which treatment did not include surgery.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—25 horses (14 Standardbreds, 6 Thoroughbreds, 5 Quarter Horses).Procedure—Medical records of horses with a slab fracture of the central (n = 9) or third (16) tarsal bone were reviewed. Only horses for which treatment consisted of confinement to a stall were included in this study. Clinical features and radiographic findings were recorded and summarized. Outcome was determined for racing breeds by obtaining official lifetime race results. Outcome for Quarter Horses was determined by phone survey of the owners.Results—16 (64%) horses had a successful outcome. Ten of 14 (71%) Standardbreds and 2 of 6 Thoroughbreds returned to racing and started at least 5 races after injury. Four of 5 Quarter Horses for which follow-up information was available successfully returned to their previous activity. Sex, age, limb affected, or gait was not associated with final outcome. Percentage of racehorses with central tarsal bone fractures that had a successful outcome (2/7) was significantly less than percentage with third tarsal bone fractures that did (10/13).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that enforced rest without surgical fixation can be an effective therapeutic option for horses with a slab fracture of the central or third tarsal bone, even if athletic function is expected. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1949–1954)
Correlation between age at neutering and age at onset of hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets
Authors: Shoemaker Nico J. , Schuurmans Marielle , Moorman Hanneke , Lumeij J. (Sjeng) T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalence of hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets in The Netherlands and evaluate age, sex, and age at neutering in affected ferrets.Design—Prevalence survey and retrospective study.Animals—50 ferrets with hyperadrenocorticism and 1,267 ferrets without hyperadrenocorticism.Procedure—A questionnaire was sent to 1,400 members of a ferret-owners organization in The Netherlands; 492 (35%) owners returned the questionnaire, providing usable data on 1,274 ferrets. Seven of these ferrets developed hyperadrenocorticism during the survey period; medical records for these ferrets and 43 ferrets with confirmed hyperadrenocorticism were reviewed. Hyperadrenocorticism was confirmed by histologic examination of an excised adrenal gland (92% of ferrets) or clinical improvement after excision.Results—Prevalence of hyperadrenocorticism in the survey population was 0.55%. Sex was not associated with prevalence of disease. Median time interval between neutering and diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism was 3.5 years. A significant linear correlation between age at neutering and age at time of diagnosis was detected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Age at neutering may be associated with age at development of hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:195–197)
Influence of open surgical correction on intermediate-term outcome in dogs with subvalvular aortic stenosis: 44 cases (1991–1998)
Authors: Orton E. Christopher , Herndon Gregory D. , Boon June A. , Gaynor James S. , Hackett Timothy B. , Monnet Eric 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare outcome and intermediateterm survival for dogs undergoing open surgical correction of subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) with those for dogs with SAS that did not undergo surgery.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—44 dogs with congenital SAS.Procedure—Maximum instantaneous systolic pressure gradients were determined by use of Doppler echocardiography. Cardiopulmonary bypass and open surgical correction of SAS (membranectomy with or without septal myectomy) was performed in 22 dogs, whereas 22 dogs did not undergo surgical correction. Cumulative survival was compared between surgical and nonsurgical groups, using Kaplan-Meier nonparametric analysis and a Mantel-Cox log-rank test.Results—Initial systolic pressure gradients were not significantly different for dogs undergoing surgery (128 ± 55 mm Hg), compared with those that did not undergo surgery (117 ± 57 mm Hg). Systolic pressure gradients were significantly decreased after surgery in dogs that underwent surgery (54 ± 27 mm Hg). Cumulative survival was not significantly different between dogs in the surgical and nonsurgical groups. Censoring surgery-related mortality in the analysis still did not reveal a significant difference in cumulative survival between the surgical and nonsurgical groups.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Despite reductions in the systolic pressure gradient and possible associated improvement in exercise tolerance, a palliative benefit on survival was not documented in dogs undergoing surgery for SAS. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:364–367)