bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival characteristics of the epigastric free flap in DA‐rats
Authors: Werker Paul M. N. , Kon Moshe , Green Colin , Franken Ralph J. P. M. , Overgoor Max L. E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEpigastic flaps measuring approximately 6 × 4 cm with borders related to well‐defined anatomical structures were isografted (Dark Agouty to Dark Agouty inbred rats) with or without anastomosing their epigastric pedicle, after various periods of ischaemia, ranging from 0 to 120 h. During the ischaemic insult the flaps were stored at 0°C in a hypertonic citrate solution.The non‐revascularized flaps exhibited survival percentages varying from 2 to 34% (mean, 16%) of the original flap. independent of the storage interval. The flaps that were revascularized after ischaemia had a 100% survival when transplanted immediately after isolation and following 48 h of cold storage. Mean survival percentages of 78% after 72 h of ischaemia, 32% after 96 h, and 4% after 120 h of ischaemia were found. It is concluded that the model described in this study is suitable for free flap research, because of its delineated borders. However, when the area of flap survival is lower than 30% in revascularized flaps there is a distinct likelihood that the flaps have survived regardless of the pedicle as simple Wolfe or composite grafts. Results must therefore be interpreted with great care. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of topical heparin on stasis‐induced thrombosis of microvascular anastomoses
Authors: Li Xiaolu , Cooley Brian C. , Gould John S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn experiment was done to determine whether topical heparin and the association of anastomoses with dependent tissue (free flaps) exert any influences on stasis‐induced microvascular thrombosis. Rat femoral vessel anastomoses with or without free flap construction were used in a total of 50 male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Saline either with or without heparin was used for intralumenal irrigation during the anastomosis. Following anastomotic repair, the femoral vessels were reclamped, inducing stasis for either 2 or 4 hr. Our results showed that static blood had little adverse effect on thrombosis at the arterial anastomosis when reclamped for up to 4 hr in both standard and flap‐associated anastomoses. Topical heparin significantly reduced the incidence of stasis‐induced thrombosis of venous anastomoses. The venous patency rates in standard anastomoses were lower than those in flap‐associated anastomoses after both 2 and 4 hr of stasis. From these results, we conclude the following. (1) Arteries may be reclamped for up to 4 hr without detriment despite static blood being in contact with the anastomotic site. (2) Topical heparin may be helpful in increasing the patency rate of venous anastomoses after a period of blood stasis. (3) Free flap construction may play a role in decreasing stasis‐induced microvascular thrombosis. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Achieving better patency rates and neoendothelialization in 1‐millimeter polytetrafluoroethylene grafts by varying fibril length and wall thickness
Authors: Lanzetta Marco , Owen Earl 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study evaluates the effects of different fibril lengths and wall thicknesses on patency and neoendothelialization in 1 mm inner diameter polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE; Gore‐Tex) grafts and highlights the importance of longer fibril lengths and matching wall thicknesses. Fibril lengths tested were 30, 60, and 90 μm. The grafts had a wall thickness ranging from 0.18 to 0.34 mm. Ninety‐six grafts were implanted in the infrarenal aorta of Wistar rats. Grafts were harvested at various intervals and examined macroscopically, by light microscopy, and by scanning electron microscopy. Both the highest patency rates and the best grades of neoendothelialization were observed in the 90 μm fibril length grafts, while the lowest of both were seen in the 30 μm fibril length grafts. From this study we conclude that 90 μm fibril length PTFE can be considered a valid micrograft for bridging arterial defects in microvascular reconstructive procedures. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subcutaneous injection of oral cyclosporin A solution
Authors: Midha Rajiv , Mackinnon Susan E. , Evans Peter J. , Best Timothy J. , Wong P. Y. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCyclosporin A (CyA) is the agent of choice for immunesuppression in the majority of rodent organ and tissue allotransplantation experiments. Subcutaneous injection of suitably dissolved pure CyA powder preparation is the acceptable standard of drug administration. We investigated the possibility of using oral CyA solution in an injectable form and compared its availability with that of the standard solution in a rat model. Oral CyA solution diluted in placebo (olive oil) and standard solution prepared from pure compound were injected subcutaneously at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day to two groups of rats. Trough whole blood CyA concentrations were measured on day 10 following initiation of treatment. Blood CyA levels of the standard solution group (1,167 ± 246 μg/liter, mean ± SD) were virtually identical to those of the oral solution group (1,105 ± 179 μg/liter; P > 0.05). In addition, the oral solution was easier to prepare and caused less injection site morbidity than the standard solution. We conclude that placebo‐diluted oral CyA solution may be safely injected subcutaneously to rats and results in consistent blood levels, comparable to those achieved with standard solution prepared from pure compound. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Slip‐knot suspension technique: A fail‐safe microanastomosis for small‐caliber vessels
Authors: Szabo Zoltan , Stellini Ludovico , Rose Elliott H. , Ellis Mark S. , Burch Buford H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe most common technical error associated with microvascular anastomotic failure is accidentally snagging the opposite wall and including it in the stitch, thereby reducing the vessel lumen diameter or occluding it altogether. A simple, safe microsuturing technique is described that combines the use of the slip‐knot and the suspension technique in a procedure that allows direct visual inspection of suture placement from first to last stitch. This technique is applicable to end‐to‐end and end‐to‐side microvascular anastomoses, for thick‐walled ducts such as the vas deferens and the fallopian tube, and in laparoscopic suturing. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The interrupted‐continuous microsurgical suture technique
Authors: Morris Donald J. , Pribaz Julian J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInterrupted microsurgical sutured anastomoses are the standard to which all new anastomotic techniques must be compared. In 1902, Alexis Carrel described a continuous suture technique for large vessels that initially triangulated the anastomosis with three stay sutures. Our technique is a modification of Carrel's original technique combined with other previously published microvascular methods. This is an attempt to address the inherent problems associated with the standard interrupted technique and previously described continuous suture techniques. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metabolic effect of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation in diabetic rats
Authors: Spadella César T. , Breim Luiz C. , Mercadante Maria C. S. , De Macedo Célia S. , De Macedo Arthur R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOutbred Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: GI, 10 nondiabetic control rats; GII, 10 alloxan‐diabetic control rats; GIII, 25 alloxan‐diabetic rats that received pancreaticoduodenal transplantation (PDT) from normal donor Wistar rats and were immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A. For 7 prior and 4, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days posttransplantation (during which the animals were housed in metabolic cages for periods of 24 hours) body weight, water and food intake, urine output, blood and urinary glucose, plasma insulin, and glucagon were recorded. These parameters were also concurrently recorded for diabetic and nondiabetic control rats. Animals were sacrificed after 30 days and histological and immunohistochemical studies of the pancreas were performed. Pancreatic transplants consistently and significantly improved the metabolic abnormalities of the diabetic rat (P<0.01) by restoring body weight gain, and by immediate relief of hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, polydipsia, and also the low levels of plasma insulin. The plasma glucagon, elevated in diabetic control rats, did not change after transplant. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
formation of endovasal structures and intramural channels in rat vena cava after application of microsurgical suture: Prophylactic effect of heparin and trental administration
Authors: Vyalov Sergey L. , Rekhter Mark D. , Sidorov Vladimir B. , Pshenisnov Kirill P. , Mironov Alexander A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe study addresses the histopathology of end‐to‐end microanastomosis in the rat inferior vena cava. The vessels were harvested in 4 hours and 1,3,7, 14, and 30 days after the operation and were evaluated using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The endothelium was completely restored within 7 days after the surgical procedure. Endovasal structures at the microsuture site and intramural endothelial channels opening into the vena cava lumen developed as a result of endothelialization and parallel substitution of the three‐dimensional fibrin framework of the mural microthrombus with connective tissue. By 1 month, aggregates of platelets, fibrin, and adhering leukocytes were observed in the intramural channel mouths. Administration of heparin and Trental for 1 week after the operation reduced the number of intramural channels and prevented the formation of endovasal structures at the site of microvenous anastomosis. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of motor nerve regeneration by nerve growth factor
Authors: He Chongliang , Chen Zhongwei , Chen Zhengrong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe sciatic nerves of adult Wistar rats were severed bilaterally. Each nerve was sutured into a silicone tube used as a conduit, leaving a 5 mm gap in length between the nerve ends. Nerve growth factor in a saline solution vehicle was injected into the silicone chamber on the right side and normal saline solution (control) on the left. Six weeks after surgery, electrophysiological studies were performed. The motor nerve conduction velocities (MNCV) were significantly increased in the NGF‐treated nerves. In one rat, the MNCV on the NGF‐treated side was 66.6 m/s, in the range of normal nerves. There was no significant difference between the two sides in the amplitudes of evoked muscle action potentials. There are apparently no reports on the effect of NGF on motor neuron regeneration in vitro. In this study, NGF was found to enhance motor nerve regeneration. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Replantation of an amputated upper lip
Authors: Husami Tarek W. , Cervino A. Lawrence , Pennington Gary A. , Douglas Barry K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSoft tissue defects of the face are a difficult reconstructive problem. Replantation of large amputated segments of the face has been rarely successful and has lagged well behind extremity trauma due in part to the relative rarity of these defects. Presented is a case of successful microvascular replantation of half of the upper lip after a dog bite. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Forearm flap in orthopaedic and hand surgery
Authors: Soucacos Panayotis N. , Beris Alexandros E. , Xenakis Theodore A. , Malizos Konstantinos N. , Touliatos Alexandros S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study was undertaken in order to evaluate the usefulness of the forearm flap in reconstruction of severe injuries of the upper and lower extremities. A total of 34 patients with extensive skin defects of the upper and lower extremities were treated using radial forearm flaps during the last 4 years. Twentyfour patients had lower extremity injuries, while the remaining ten had upper extremity reconstruction. In two patients, the radial forearm flap was used as an island flap in retrograde direction for coverage of skin defects of the dorsum of the hand. In two patients, the palmaris longus tendon was included in the flap to reconstruct the extensor tendon of the index finger. In one patient, it was used as an innervated flap to cover a skin neurotrophic defect of the sole of the foot. None of the patients had the bony portion of the radius included. Of the 34 flaps, 29 survived. Of the remaining 5, 3 failed totally and 2 partially. The 2 partially failed flaps required reoperation and revision of the venous anastomosis, which was found to be occluded. The patients, eight women and twenty‐six men, were examined and questioned regarding the cosmetic appearance of the donor site. The final cosmetic appearance was acceptable to all patients. We conclude that the radial forearm flap is a useful, easily elevated flap, suitable for skin defects of upper and lower extremities. Major advantages of the flap are its ability to be used as an island flap and that the surgery can be performed under axillary block anaesthesia. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free vascularized fibular graft: A versatile graft for reconstruction of large skeletal defects and revascularization of necrotic bone
Authors: Malizos Konstantinos N. , Beris Alexandros E. , Xenakis Theodore A. , Korobilias Anastasios B. , Soucacos Panayotis N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe microvascular transfer ot a fibular graft that was initially introduced for the treatment of massive bone loss in the appendicular skeleton has more recently found another useful application in the management of the osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Since 1989, we have successfully used the free vascularized fibula in two patients with segmental bone loss, one in the fore arm and the other in the distal femur. We have also attempted revascularization of the femoral head in fifteen patients (eighteen hips) with osteonecrosis. Although our follow‐up is short, the results have been encouraging and this method is now the treatment of choice in the early stages of the disease. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of free flaps in the aesthetic reconstruction of face and neck deformities
Authors: Stamatopoulos C. , Panayotou P. , Tsirigotou S. , Ioannovich John D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThree cases of face and neck deformities, reconstructed with free flaps in order to obtain better aesthetic results, are presented here. Nasal tip, carti lage, and soft tissue defects as well as facial burn contractures were recon structed with a free radial forearm flap, latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, and groin flap, respectively. Case specifics are discussed. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hemodynamic and histological differences in end‐to‐side anastomoses
Authors: Zoubos Aristides B. , Seaber Anthony V. , Urbaniak James R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn end‐to‐side anastomosis is often a necessity in replantation surgery. This study examines the effects of elliptical versus slit arteriotomy and the angle of anastomosis on vessel patency and aneurysm formation. Forty male rats were divided into four groups of ten rats each. The right and left common iliac arteries were selected as a model. The results showed no significant statis tical difference in patency rates among our four experimental groups. The end‐to‐side anastomotic technique of choice uses the elliptical arteriotomy placed at a 90° angle. It provides good visualization and easy suture placement. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cutaneous trunci myocutaneous flap: A new and reliable model for muscle free flap research in the rat
Authors: Werker Paul M. N. , Kon Moshe 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with the first myocutaneous flap in the rat. It is located just caudal to the axilla and consists of the insertion of the cutaneous trunci mus cle with overlying subcuticular fat and skin and is supplied by the lateral thoracic vessels. It exhibits an all‐or‐none survival pattern. Because the skin can serve as a marker for muscle viability, we believe that this flap has great potential in future free muscle research. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free flap transfer of the cutaneous maximus muscle in the rat: Comparison to the latissimus dorsi muscle flap
Authors: Li Xiaolu , Cooley Brian C. , Gruel Suzann M. , Ye Zhong , Gould John S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new rat model of free muscle flap transfer is presented. Microvascular transplantation of the cutaneous maximus muscle flap is performed at the groin site, with anastomosis of the axillary vessels to the appropriate femoral vessels. This muscle flap has many useful attributes for experimental manip ulation. It has a high success rate following transplantation, the anatomy is consistent, the dissection is straightforward, the length of pedicle is relatively long (10 mm), the vessels for repair are of sufficient size (1.0‐1.35 mm diameter), and the microsurgical procedure can be performed in a relatively short period. The donor site deficit causes minimal impairment to animal mobility, and no evidence of limb ischemia is noted after ligation of the axillary vessels. The cutaneous area adjacent to the muscle is perfused by muscular perforators supplied by the flap pedicle; thus a skin island may be used to monitor the flap or to create a composite myocutaneous transfer. The cuta neous maximus muscle has mixed muscle types and anatomic dimensions similar to those of the latissimus dorsi muscle, and it provides ample tissue for pharmacological and biochemical studies, yet it presents easier dissection and microanastomoses than the latissimus flap, with more potential for ver satility in application. The advantages of this muscle flap make it a very useful experimental model for flap transfer research. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prefabrication of free flaps using the omeimtum in rats
Authors: Zhang Ling , Tuchler Robert E. , Chang Benjamin , Bakshandeh Norman , Shaw William W. , Siebert John W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe omentum used as a vascular carrier is a new experimental model for prefabrication of free flaps in the rat. A 2.5 × 4 cm patch of omentum with gastroepiploic vessels and its rich vascular arcades was transferred under a bipedicled 2.5 ± 6 cm right abdominal panniculocutaneous flap. At subse quent time intervals (postoperative days 0, 3, 5, 7, and 14), the skin pedicles were divided and the skin flap was raised as a composite island flap vascu‐larized only by the underlying omental patch. The composite flap was then sutured back in place. Prefabricated flaps examined postoperatively demon strated a dye fluorescence index (DPI) of 4.60% ± 2.82% and 1.67% ± 4.08% flap survival (FS) in the day 0 group; in the day 3 group, 9.83% ± 1.47% of DFI and 15.00% ± 10.35% of FS; in the day 5 group, 28.39% ± 5.25% of DFI and 86.0% ± 12.74% of FS (P<0.05); in the day 7 group, 38.19% ± 7.52% of DFI and 98.13% ± 3.72% of FS (P<0.05); and, in the day 14 group, 49.55% ± 6.70% of DFI and 100% of FS (P<0.05). India‐ink injection and histologic examination confirmed revascularization of the overlying skin by day 5. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vascularized fibula graft for reconstruction after resection of aggressive benign and malignant bone tumors
Authors: Yajima Hiroshi , Tamai Susumu , Mizumoto Shigeru , Sugimura Masahito , Horiuchi Katsuhiro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFrom 1982 to 1991,19 patients at Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan, underwent resection of aggressive benign and malignant bone tumors, with limb salvage and reconstruction by free vascularized fibula grafts. The patients were followed up for an average of 54 months. The reconstructed site was the jaw in 6 cases, upper extremity in 3, spine in 1, pelvis in 2, and lower extremity in 7. Six patients had aggressive benign lesions, and 13 had malignant lesions. The sizes of the resultant bone defect ranged from 6 to 20 cm, and the lengths of fibula used ranged from 8 to 24 cm. The average time to union was 4.1 months (2–9 months) in the extremities and pelvis. Local recurrence was observed in 3 cases, for whom vascularized fibula grafts were performed for recurrent tumors. In cases of primary untreated tumors, no recurrences occurred. Therefore, this procedure should be performed at the time of primary operation after extensive resection of an aggressive benign or malignant bone tumor. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vein grafts in reconstructive microsurgery of the lower extremity
Authors: Vlastou Catherine , Earle A. Scott , Jordan Roderick 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper describes surgical techniques and results of lower extremity microsurgical reconstruction using vein grafts. During a 5 year period, free tissue transfers were used to reconstruct 118 lower extremity defects in 109 patients. In 28 of these cases (24%), saphenous vein grafts were used when reconstruction would otherwise have been difficult or impossible. A preliminary arteriovenous fistula was established between the proximal arterial source and the final venous drainage in the majority (26) of cases. Venous drainage was left intact at the point of entry into the deep venous system in 23 cases. Three complications included anastomotic clotting in 2 patients and postoperative blow‐out of the vein graft in another; all were treated without flap loss. Flap survival was 86% in vein grafted patients and 94% in those cases in which vein grafts were not used. Flap loss was related in each case to the nature of the pre‐existing condition, rather than to vein grafting per se. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hair growth following scalp microvascular flap transfer for baldness due to burn injury
Authors: Tambwekar Suresh R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA female patient, 8 years of age, presented with baldness of the right scalp following deep scalds from boiling soup landing on the head, neck, and chest. The depth of the burn was severe enough to cause baldness. She was primarily advised to wear a wig to address the problem of baldness on one side. Surgery was planned to use uninjured scalp skin to offer hairy skin coverage of the bald site. A left scalp skin flap (2.5 by 7 cm) based on the superficial temporal artery and vein was transferred to the bald area, with microvascular anastomosis to the superficial temporal vessels on the right side. There was complete survival of the flap with uneventful recovery and satisfactory growth of hair. Hair growth from the flap was comparatively thicker than from the rest of the scalp. This microvascular flap has produced sufficient hair to cover the entire area of the baldness and the patient does not need to wear a wig. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful replantation of digits and restoration of partial hand function: A case report
Authors: Hu‐Rui Zhao , Wei Zhou , Guan‐Hen Zhou , Wen‐De Zhang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA case of a five‐finger amputation and avulsion injury with salvage of two digits combined with island flap coverage of the remaining skin defect is reported. The salvaged digits were replanted onto the ulnar and radial borders of the hand stump and rotated to oppose one another. 1 Recovery of partial hand function is reported. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vascularization of skin following implantation of an arteriovenous pedicle: Implications in flap prefabrication
Authors: Falco Nancy A. , Pribaz Julian J. , Eriksson Elof 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn a rat model, a skin flap was fabricated by implantation of a distally ligated arteriovenous pedicle. The femoral artery and vein were implanted as a unit beneath the abdominal skin, a portion of which was later raised as an island flap, based on these vessels. Percentage area of survival, tissue blood flow, and pattern of vascularity were compared in two groups of flaps. In group I, the pedicle to be implanted was dissected with a cuff of surrounding muscle still attached; in group II, the pedicle was skeletonized to the level of adventitia. Flap survival in the two groups was similar (73% vs.77%), as was skin blood flow (5.4 vs. 5.7 ml/100 g/min). Angiography demonstrated two principal patterns of vascularization: connection between donor and recipient vessels (inosculation), and sprouting and arborization of new vessels. Strengths and limitations of this and other models of flap “prefabrication” are discusssed. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.