bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the open cluster census
Authors: Hunt Emily L. , Reffert Sabine 
Published: March 2024

Context.The census of open clusters has exploded in size thanks to data from theGaiasatellite. However, it is likely that many of these reported clusters are not gravitationally bound, making the open cluster census impractical for many scientific applications.Aims.We aim to test different physically motivated methods for distinguishing between bound and unbound clusters, using them to create a cleaned star cluster catalogue.Methods.We derived completeness-corrected photometric masses for 6956 clusters from our earlier work. Then, we used these masses to compute the size of the Roche surface of these clusters (their Jacobi radius) and distinguish between bound and unbound clusters.Results.We find that only 5647 (79%) of the clusters from our previous catalogue are compatible with bound open clusters, dropping to just 11% of clusters within 250 pc. Our catalogue contains 3530 open clusters in a more strongly cut high-quality sample of objects. The moving groups in our sample show different trends in their size as a function of age and mass, suggesting that they are unbound and undergoing different dynamical processes. Our cluster mass measurements constitute the largest catalogue of Milky Way cluster masses to date, which we also use for further science. Firstly, we inferred the mass-dependent completeness limit of the open cluster census, showing that the census is complete within 1.8 kpc only for objects heavier than 230M⊙. Next, we derived a completeness-corrected age and mass function for our open cluster catalogue, including estimating that the Milky Way contains a total of 1.3 × 105open clusters, only ∼4% of which are currently known. Finally, we show that most open clusters have mass functions compatible with the Kroupa initial mass function.Conclusions.We demonstrate Jacobi radii for distinguishing between bound and unbound star clusters, and publish an updated star cluster catalogue with masses and improved cluster classifications.
Clinician Needs for Electronic Health Record Pediatric and Adolescent Weight Management Tools: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Braddock Amy S. , Bosworth K. Taylor , Ghosh Parijat , Proffitt Rachel , Flowers Lauren , Montgomery Emma , Wilson Gwendolyn , Tosh Aneesh K. , Koopman Richelle J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Clinicians play an important role in addressing pediatric and adolescent obesity, but their effectiveness is restricted by time constraints, competing clinical demands, and the lack of effective electronic health record (EHR) tools. EHR tools are rarely developed with provider input.
Objectives We conducted a mixed method study of clinicians who provide weight management care to children and adolescents to determine current barriers for effective care and explore the role of EHR weight management tools to overcome these barriers.
Methods In this mixed-methods study, we conducted three 1-hour long virtual focus groups at one medium-sized academic health center in Missouri and analyzed the focus group scripts using thematic analysis. We sequentially conducted a descriptive statistical analysis of a survey emailed to pediatric and family medicine primary care clinicians (n = 52) at two private and two academic health centers in Missouri.
Results Surveyed clinicians reported that they effectively provided health behavior lifestyle counseling at well-child visits (mean of 60 on a scale of 1–100) and child obesity visits (63); however, most felt the current health care system (27) and EHR tools (41) do not adequately support pediatric weight management. Major themes from the clinician focus groups were that EHR weight management tools should display data in a way that (1) improves clinical efficiency, (2) supports patient-centered communication, (3) improves patient continuity between visits, and (4) reduces documentation burdens. An additional theme was (5) clinicians trust patient data entered in real time over patient recalled data.
Conclusion Study participants report that the health care system status quo and currently available EHR tools do not sufficiently support clinicians working to manage pediatric or adolescent obesity and provide health behavior counseling. Clinician input in the development and testing of EHR weight management tools provides opportunities to address barriers, inform content, and improve efficiencies of EHR use.
Talking about the deceased in the Jish linguaculture
Authors: Habib Sandy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper has aimed to look into the terms and expressions used in the Jish linguaculture when talking about the
deceased. Seventeen such terms and expressions are presented, discussed, and explicated using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage
(NSM) approach. The explications appear in simple, (semi-)universal language, which makes them relatively easily understood and
readily translatable into any language. This, in turn, means that the explications are accessible by linguacultural insiders and
outsiders. In addition, the study provides anthropologists and linguists with precise analysis owing to its micro-level focus; it
investigates the micro-linguaculture of Jish, which belongs to the macro-culture of the Arab world. Lastly, the study documents one
aspect of this undocumented linguaculture; this documentation can preserve one part of this linguaculture from fading into
oblivion.
Sub-miniature rolling thrust micro-bearing
Authors: Michałowski Marcin , Kusznierewicz Zbigniew , Łuczak Sergiusz , Chańko Artur , Samsel Mateusz , Pieńczuk Paweł 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The original design of the smallest two-way rolling thrust micro-bearing with sub-millimeter dimensions is presented. The bearing is self-contained and is capable of transmitting thrust load up to about 8 N in two directions, as well as radial loads up to about 0.4 N. Thanks to special design of the raceways, operation without lubrication is possible. The scope of experimental study is discussed, and preliminary experimental results are reported. Ways of further miniaturization are suggested.
Quantum exchange symmetry induces charge diffusion and trapping in ultracold gases
Authors: Niranjan M , Joshi N , Pandey A , Dulieu O , Côté Robin , Rangwala S A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
For a homonuclear ion-atom system, we show that the exchange symmetry leads to special outcomes for ion transport that manifest themselves in ultracold experiments. We compute the two body charge hopping probabilities and rates, which are used to model charge hopping in the dynamics of an ultracold

6

/

7

Li+ ion immersed within an ultracold gas of

6

/

7

Li atoms at micro-Kelvin temperatures. We show that the charge hopping and collisional diffusion compete, giving unique results leading to charge trapping in regions of high atomic density gradient. These investigations in ion-atom systems open a new approach to probe quantum phenomena in various systems with exchange symmetry.
Modulation transfer spectroscopy of the
D1
transition of potassium: theory and experiment
Authors: Innes A D , Majumder P , Noh H R , Cornish S L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We report on a study of modulation transfer spectroscopy of the

4

S

1

/

2

→
4

P

1

/

2

(D1) transition of naturally abundant potassium in a room-temperature vapour cell. This transition is critical for laser cooling and optical pumping of potassium and our study is therefore motivated by the need for robust laser frequency stabilisation. Despite the absence of a closed transition, the small ground-state hyperfine splitting in potassium results in strong crossover features in the D1 modulation transfer spectrum. To emphasise this we compare the D1 and D2 spectra of potassium with those of rubidium. Further, we compare our experimental results with a detailed theoretical simulation, examining different pump–probe polarisation configurations to identify the optimal signals for laser frequency stabilisation. We find good agreement between the experiment and the theory, especially for the

lin
∥
lin

polarisation configuration.
Creating spatial doughnut-spot arrays and double-helix focal fields with prescribed characteristics
Authors: Xie Zhixiong , Yu Yanzhong , Zeng Yongxi , Chen Musheng , Zhan Qiwen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Spatially controllable focal fields play a pivotal role in light manipulation and provide significant opportunities for precisely manipulating light–matter interactions in a wide range of applications. In particular, the double-helix focal field—characterized by a distinctive helical structure—exhibits exceptional optical properties, thus differentiating it apart from conventional focal fields. However, the rapid construction of a double-helix focal field with controllable characteristics and a uniform intensity remains a challenging task. Based on the theory of pattern synthesis of an antenna array, we propose and realize the generation of three-dimensional doughnut-spot arrays and double-helix focal fields with specified characteristics in a 4π system by reverse-solving the radiation field of the virtual antenna. Numerical examples indicate that the desired novel focal fields, including features such as shape, orientation, length, and period, could be rapidly, conveniently, and flexibly customized by selecting appropriate parameters for the magnetic dipole array antennas. This method could reveal an avenue for enhanced light manipulation for applications in materials processing, optical lithography, and optical communications.
Reconfigurable high-order exceptional points in coupled optical parametric oscillators for enhanced sensing
Authors: Guo Zehui , Xie Zhihao , Li Zhenhua , Li Tao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Non-Hermitian systems around exceptional points (EPs) demonstrate increased sensitivity as the EP order increases. We propose a protocol for constructing a reconfigurable non-Hermitian system consisting of three coupled optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) and demonstrate its enhanced sensitivity around EPs. The coupled OPO system exhibits reconfigurable high-order EPs and corresponding-order enhanced sensitivity (i.e. fourth and sixth order) when it is subjected to pump modulation. Furthermore, the coupled OPO system can synthesize directly a Floquet non-Hermitian system by introducing periodic pump modulation, and can achieve a tunable second-order Floquet EP without periodic modulation of the coupling rates. The convenient flexibility of the coupled OPO system allows it to operate at EPs of different orders and customize a Floquet EP by manipulating the pump parameters. Our protocol can thus contribute to the development of high-performance sensors and precision measurement devices by exploring the unique features of non-Hermitian systems around various EPs.
Metasurface-based sensor with terahertz molecular fingerprint enhancement in trace additives identification
Authors: Xue Ying , Zhang Shan , Lin Jie , Wang Weijin , Chai Zizhao , Sun Mingjun , Shi Yanpeng , Zhang Yifei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) wave has gained considerable interest in biosensing with its unique spectral fingerprint characteristics. However, limited sensitivity confines its applications in trace-amount identification. In this article, a magnetic dipole metamaterial for strengthening molecular fingerprint in virtue of angle-scanning strategy is proposed, which is carefully designed by elaborately arranging symmetric condition of the dipole structures. The physical mechanism is elucidated by the finite-difference time-domain method. In virtue of manipulating the incident angle, the signal of molecular fingerprint is outstandingly elevated. Consequently, three kinds of food additives including azodicarbonamide, sorbic acid and melamine can be simultaneously detected, and the corresponding identification limits are as low as 1.65

μ

g

c

m

−

2

, 1.20

μ

g

c

m

−

2

and 1.66

μ

g

c

m

−

2

, respectively. Our work offers a new train of thought in identifying trace-amount food additives and paves the way for more practical applications of THz wave in food industry.
Orientation of graphene nanosheets in suspension under an electric field: theoretical model and molecular dynamic simulations
Authors: Dong Yu-Xia , Zhang Zi-Tong , Zhang Xu-Dong , Cao Bing-Yang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Orientation regulation of nanoparticles in a suspension by an electric field is a powerful tool to tune its mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical properties etc. However, how molecular modification can affect the orientation of two-dimensional nanoparticles is still unclear. In this paper, the influence of molecular modification on the orientation of graphene nanosheets (GNS) in water was investigated through theoretical analyses and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Firstly, a new orientation angle model was proposed, which considers hydration effects, dipole moments and resistance torque. Then, MD simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of position, direction, type, and number of functional groups on the orientation of GNS. The trend observed in MD simulations is consistent with the proposed theoretical model. The results reveal that, under the combined influence of the dipole moment and hydration effects, the modification with hydrophilic functional groups can reduce the orientation angle from 21.31° to 8.34°, while the modification with hydrophobic functional groups increases it to 26.43°. Among the hydrophilic functional groups, orientation of hydroxylated GNS is the best. With an increase in the number of hydroxyl groups, orientation angle is decreased from 12.61° to 8.34°. This work can provide valuable guidance for the design of high-performance suspensions and composites, such as thermal smart materials with adjustable thermal conductivity and intelligent devices with tailored capabilities.
Possible charge ordering and anomalous transport in graphene/graphene quantum dot heterostructure
Authors: Roy Rajarshi , Holec David , Michal Lukáš , Hemzal Dušan , Sarkar Saikat , Sandeep Kumar Gundam , Nečas David , Dhankhar Meena , Kaushik Preeti , Jénnifer Gómez I , Zajíčková Lenka 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Observations of superconductivity and charge density waves (CDW) in graphene have been elusive thus far due to weak electron–phonon coupling (EPC) interactions. Here, we report a unique observation of anomalous transport and multiple charge ordering phases at high temperatures (

T

1

∼
213

K

,

T

2

∼
325

K

) in a 0D−2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure comprising of single layer graphene (SLG) and functionalized (amine) graphene quantum dots (GQD). The presence of functionalized GQD contributed to charge transfer with shifting of the Dirac point ∼ 0.05 eV above the Fermi level (ab initio   simulations) and carrier density

n
∼
−
0.3
×

10

12

cm

−
2

confirming p-doping in SLG and two-fold increase in EPC interaction was achieved. Moreover, we elucidate the interplay between electron–electron and electron–phonon interactions to substantiate high temperature EPC driven charge ordering in the heterostructure through analyses of magnetotransport and weak anti-localization (WAL) framework. Our results provide impetus to investigate strongly correlated phenomena such as CDW and superconducting phase transitions in novel graphene based heterostructures.
A high-sensitive anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor based on hybrid Ta/NiFe/Ta/Al multilayer structure
Authors: Zhuo Jiayue , Liu Peiyuan , Feng Yongjian , Zhang Jianhuan , Zhang Chentao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
High sensitivity is crucial for anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensors in industrial applications. In this paper, a high- sensitive AMR sensor based on magnetoresistive thin films with Ta/NiFe/Ta/Al four-layer structure is proposed and fabricated. Firstly, the structural parameters were optimized by finite element analysis. Secondly, thin film samples and AMR sensors were prepared. Through the analysis and characterization of reluctance change rate, hysteresis loop, x-ray diffraction and surface morphology and structure, the process parameters were optimized. Finally, the sensor was connected to the designed external circuit, and its technical parameters were tested in a magnetic field test system. The results show that the prepared AMR sensor performs well. It has a high sensitivity of 1.27 mV/V/Oe, a low bridge offset voltage of ±1.64 mV V−1, and a low temperature coefficient of sensitivity of −0.102%/°C. The results contribute to the future development of AMR magnetic field sensor chips.
Decoupled magnetic control of spherical tokamak divertors via vacuum harmonic constraints
Authors: Bardsley O P , Baker J L , Vincent C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Power exhaust is a critical challenge for spherical tokamak reactors, making the design, optimisation and control of advanced divertor configurations crucial. These tasks are greatly simplified if the poloidal magnetic fields in the core and divertor regions can be varied independently. We present a novel method which facilitates decoupling of the core plasma equilibrium from the divertor geometry optimisation and control, using vacuum spherical harmonic (SH) constraints. This has the advantage that it avoids iterative solution of the Grad–Shafranov equation, making it easy to use, rapid and reliable. By comparing a large number of MAST-U equilibrium reconstructions against their approximations using SHs, a small number (

∼

4

) of harmonics is found to be sufficient to closely reproduce the plasma boundary shape. We show experimentally that poloidal field changes designed to leave harmonics unaffected indeed have no effect on the core plasma shape. When augmented with divertor geometry constraints, this approach gives a powerful tool for creating advanced magnetic configurations, and its simplicity brings improvements in speed and robustness when solving coil position optimisation problems. We discuss the clear benefits to real-time feedback control, feed-forward scenario design and coilset optimisation with a view to future reactors.
Spatially- and time-resolved measurements of HO2 radicals in a ns pulse atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Telfah Hamzeh , Raskar Sai , Adamovich Igor V 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The absolute, spatially-resolved, and time-resolved number density of the hydroperoxyl radical is measured in a quasi-two-dimensional, atmospheric pressure ‘curtain’ plasma jet powered by a train of ns discharge pulses. The spatial distribution of HO2 is measured across the shorter dimension of the jet. The measurements are made in two different configurations, (a) H2O–O2–He jet impinging on a copper foil target, and (b) O2–He jet incident on the liquid water surface. In the first configuration, the water vapor is added to the O2–He flow in a bubbler filled with distilled, deionized water. The measurements are made using the previously developed pulsed cavity ring down spectroscopy diagnostic near 1.5 μm. The ring-down cavity is formed between two high-reflectivity mirrors placed at the ends of the stainless steel ‘arms’ purged with dry air, with the plasma jet placed in the gap between the arms. The objectives of this work are to use the HO2 number density to assess the accuracy of the modeling predictions using a previously developed ‘global’ reaction mechanism, and to estimate the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide generation in the ns pulse discharge plasma. HO2 was detected only in the first configuration, most likely due to the rapid decay of the metastable He atoms and O atoms generated in the plasma, which prevents the generation of H atoms (dominant HO2 precursors) in the evaporation/mixing layer. Both the water vapor in the jet and HO2 generated in the plasma have been measured. The results exhibit a rapid accumulation of HO2 during the ns pulse discharge burst, followed by the decay in the afterglow on a ms time scale. The kinetic model overpredicts the quasi-steady-state HO2 number density, as well as the HO2 decay rate after the discharge is turned off. The relatively slow HO2 decay in the afterglow suggests that it may be affected by diffusion, along with the surface adsorption and desorption of radicals. The present approach demonstrates the utility of a 2D curtain plasma jet for the line-of-sight absorption spectroscopy measurements of radicals and excited species present in small concentrations in ambient plasma environments.
Dual-stage theoretical model of magnetorheological dampers and experimental verification
Authors: Lei Bingyue , Li Jiahao , Zhou Wei , Shou Mengjie , Zhao Feng , Liao Changrong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The theoretical model for predicting the damping characteristics of magnetorheological dampers (MRDs) not only facilitates the optimization of MRD parameters, but also provides assistance for the theoretical design of MRDs. However, some existing models have limitations in fully characterizing the damping characteristics of MRDs. In this paper, the working stage of MRDs was categorized into yield and pre-yield stages based on whether the internal magnetorheological fluid attains the dynamic shear yield state or not, and the Herschel–Bulkley model with pre-yield viscosity (HBPV) and improved polynomial model (IPOL) were employed to respectively characterize the yield and pre-yield stages of MRDs. Subsequently, the HBPV-IPOL model was proposed to characterize the complete damping characteristics of MRDs in low-frequency vibration conditions, with considering the local loss effect of the fluid in the model. To accurately characterize the magnetic induction intensity in the MRD damping channel, employing the steady-state finite element method for magnetic field analysis; on this basis, dividing the damping channel to investigate the variation trends of the magnetic induction intensity in different regions. Simultaneously, the zero-field region hypothesis was proposed to quantitatively consider the influence of minute magnetic induction intensity in the traditional zero-field regions on the damping characteristics of MRDs. Finally, integrating the impact trends of currents in different regions, and employing the HBPV model to determine the impact magnitude of each region within the damping channel on the damping characteristics of the MRD in the yield stage. In the pre-yield stage, polynomial curves were fitted to experimental damping force–velocity curves, and the obtained polynomials were employed to predict the damping characteristics. Extensive experiments have been conducted on MRD samples to assess the predictive performance of the model on MRD damping characteristics under sinusoidal displacement excitation vibration conditions with different excitation currents, vibration frequencies and vibration amplitudes.