bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Literatur und Religion als Medien einer Sozialethik und -kritik. Ein religionswissenschaftlicher Vergleich der christlichen ,,Apokalypse" mit Henning Mankells Krimi ,,Brandmauer"
Authors: Koch Anne 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHow can literature and religion be understood together from a religious studies perspective? One possibility for a comparative basis is the social-ethical self-understanding that takes places within the literary medium. As an example of religious literature, the Book of Revelation is compared to Henning Mankell's contemporary crime fiction. The choice of ,,apocalyptic" models in their literary and pragmatic form is suitable for religious and socio-crime literature to analyze the state of their respective periods and to socialize certain behavior (be it religious, social democratic, etc.) through the reading experience. Moreover, the essay provides an excurse on literature in European religious history and uses methodological theses to show interpretation as criminological ,,investigation".
Kants Säkularisierung der Philosophie, die politische Theologie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft und die Kritik der Bibel
Authors: Weidner Daniel 
Published: April 2007

AbstractKant's relation to religion and theology is complex since he tries both to delimit theology's influence and to inherit its discursive power. The essay explores the different critical strategies and rhetorical means that Kant uses to deal with theology: theological analogies and metaphors in his systematic thought, a new kind of ,philosophy of religion,' a political theology of civil society, and finally a specific way of reading the Bible.
NPM-ALK oncogenic kinase promotes cell-cycle progression through activation of JNK/cJun signaling in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma
Authors: Leventaki Vasiliki , Drakos Elias , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Lim Megan S. , Elenitoba-Johnson Kojo S. , Claret Francois X. , Rassidakis George Z. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) frequently carries the t(2;5)(p23;q35), resulting in aberrant expression of nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK). We show that in 293T and Jurkat cells, forced expression of active NPM-ALK, but not kinase-dead mutant NPM-ALK (210K>R), induced JNK and cJun phosphorylation, and this was linked to a dramatic increase in AP-1 transcriptional activity. Conversely, inhibition of ALK activity in NPM-ALK+ ALCL cells resulted in a concentration-dependent dephosphorylation of JNK and cJun and decreased AP-1 DNA-binding. In addition, JNK physically binds NPM-ALK and is highly activated in cultured and primary NPM-ALK+ ALCL cells. cJun phosphorylation in NPM-ALK+ ALCL cells is mediated by JNKs, as shown by selective knocking down of JNK1 and JNK2 genes using siRNA. Inhibition of JNK activity using SP600125 decreased cJun phosphorylation and AP-1 transcriptional activity and this was associated with decreased cell proliferation and G2/M cell-cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner. Silencing of the cJun gene by siRNA led to a decreased S-phase cell-cycle fraction associated with upregulation of p21 and downregulation of cyclin D3 and cyclin A. Taken together, these findings reveal a novel function of NPM-ALK, phosphorylation and activation of JNK and cJun, which may contribute to uncontrolled cell-cycle progression and oncogenesis.
High serum-free light chain levels and their rapid reduction in response to therapy define an aggressive multiple myeloma subtype with poor prognosis
Authors: van Rhee Frits , Bolejack Vanessa , Hollmig Klaus , Pineda-Roman Mauricio , Anaissie Elias , Epstein Joshua , Shaughnessy John D. , Zangari Maurizio , Tricot Guido , Mohiuddin Abid , Alsayed Yazan , Woods Gail , Crowley John , Barlogie Bart 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSerum-free light chain (SFLC) levels are useful for diagnosing nonsecretory myeloma and monitoring response in light-chain–only disease, especially in the presence of renal failure. As part of a tandem autotransplantation trial for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, SFLC levels were measured at baseline, within 7 days of starting the first cycle, and before both the second induction cycle and the first transplantation. SFLC baseline levels higher than 75 mg/dL (top tertile) identified 33% of 301 patients with higher near-complete response rate (n-CR) to induction therapy (37% vs 20%, P = .002) yet inferior 24-month overall survival (OS: 76% vs 91%, P < .001) and event-free survival (EFS: 73% vs 90%, P < .001), retaining independent prognostic significance for both EFS (HR = 2.40, P = .008) and OS (HR = 2.43, P = .016). Baseline SFLC higher than 75 mg/dL was associated with light-chain–only secretion (P < .001), creatinine level 176.8 μM (2 mg/dL) or higher (P < .001), beta-2-microglobulin 297.5 nM/L (3.5 mg/L) or higher (P < .001), lactate dehydrogenase 190 U/L or higher (P < .001), and bone marrow plasmacytosis higher than 30% (P = .003). Additional independent adverse implications were conferred by top-tertile SFLC reductions before cycle 2 (OS: HR = 2.97, P = .003; EFS: HR = 2.56, P = .003) and before transplantation (OS: HR = 3.31, P = .001; EFS: HR = 2.65, P = .003). Unlike baseline and follow-up analyses of serum and urine M-proteins, high SFLC levels at baseline—reflecting more aggressive disease—and steeper reductions after therapy identified patients with inferior survival.
Bipolar disorder: Causes, contexts, and treatments
Authors: Leahy Robert L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBipolar disorder is a chronic and often devastating illness that may go undiagnosed because of its complex and diverse presentation. Clinicians can provide psychological treatments, in conjunction with pharmacotherapy, that can reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of manic and depressive episodes. Because bipolar disorder is characterized by high degrees of comorbidity and high rates of medical complications, the clinician will frequently need to implement other treatments targeted to comorbid conditions, such as panic, generalized anxiety, substance abuse, and personality disorders. This article introduces the issue of Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session devoted to the treatment of bipolar disorder. We describe the cognitive styles and personal vulnerabilities that pose greater risk for bipolar disorder. Three evidence‐based psychological treatments (interpersonal social rhythm therapy, family‐focused treatment, and cognitive‐behavioral therapy) and current pharmacological treatments are examined and illustrated. Finally, we review the effectiveness and practice implications of a variety of treatments for this severe and underresearched disorder. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 417–424, 2007.
Psychotherapy through the phases of bipolar disorder: Evidence for general efficacy and differential effects
Authors: Rizvi Sakina , Zaretsky Ari E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe obstacle facing pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder is that almost half of the patients do not achieve recovery over the duration of treatment. Although the reason for this disappointing clinical outcome remains unclear, structured psychotherapy has helped to fill these gaps in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Psychoeducation, family‐focused therapy, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, and cognitive behavior therapy have all received attention in the research literature. In this review, by assessing the outcomes from randomized control trials across the phases of bipolar disorder, we demonstrate that psychotherapy is an effective adjunctive treatment. We also show that the use of psychotherapy for bipolar disorder has differential results depending on when and under what conditions it is administered. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 491–506, 2007.
Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy: A means of improving depression and preventing relapse in bipolar disorder
Authors: Frank Ellen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractInterpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) was designed to directly address the major pathways to recurrence in bipolar disorder, namely medication nonadherence, stressful life events, and disruptions in social rhythms. The efficacy of IPSRT has been supported by two large studies examining it in conjunction with pharmacotherapy in patients with bipolar illness. In this article, the author discusses the advantages of IPSRT as both an acute intervention and a prophylactic treatment for bipolar depression. The author outlines the four phases of IPSRT, indicating the appropriate focus and duration for each, and discusses IPSRT as a modular treatment. The article concludes with a case example that further illustrates the basic therapeutic methods and processes of IPSRT. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 463–473, 2007.
Characterization of rubber‐cellulose‐fibre composites by mechanical measurements and electron microscopy
Authors: Flink Per , Stenberg Bengt 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMechanical measurements, SEM micrographs and crosslink density measurements on cellulose‐fibre‐filled natural rubber suggest that there are bonds between untreated cellulose fibres and the rubber matrix. Mechanical tests indicate that the dispersion or lack of dispersion of the fibres in the matrix is at least as influential a parameter in determining the strength of the composite as is the adhesion between fibre and matrix. Stress/strain measurements indicate that there is no obvious correlation between adhesion and the shape of the stress/strain curve unless the curve is clearly jagged.
Reinforcing effect of a kaolin surface‐treated with diallyldimethylammonium in SBR vulcanizates
Authors: González Luis , Martí Pilar , Ibarra Luis 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the physico‐chemical characteristics of a natural kaolin, its textural properties, pores, morphology, chemical surface, as well as chemical surface modification through treatment with quaternary ammonium salts in SBR mixes.Diallyldimethylammonium chloride was used as a quaternary alkali for surface modification of the kaolin, thus allowing the unsaturated allyl portion to covulcanize with the rubber. This achieved strong rubber‐filler bonds with consequential enhancement of the technological properties of the vulcanizate.
Crystallinity and dielectric study of polyoxyethylene/transition metal chloride complexes
Authors: Al‐Khayat B. H. , Al‐Kafaji J. K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPolyoxyethylene (POE) of molecular weight (M̄n = 2000 gmol−1) has been used to prepare POE/CuCl2.2H2O, POE/FeCl2.2H2O and POE/CoCl2.6H2O. Several experimental methods have been used to study the melting behaviour and the crystalline structure of these complexes. All complex samples showed lower melting points and crystallinity then the original polymer. The dielectric constant ϵ′ and the dielectric loss ϵ″ for POE and the three complexes have been measured at frequencies ranging from 102 to 105 Hz and temperatures ranging from 20 to 40°C. The results showed that ϵ′ increases with temperature and decreases with increasing frequencies. The critical frequency corresponding to maximum absorption was determined at each temperature.
Characterization and properties of poly(ethylene oxide) and its blends with poly (N‐vinyl carbazole)
Authors: Cesteros L. C. , Quintana J. R. , Caneiro M. Rodriguez , Katime Issa 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe calorimetric properties and dynamic mechanical behaviour of pure poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and its blends with poly(N‐vinyl carbazole) (PNVK) have been examined as a function of composition in the range 50‐100% PEO. Thermomechanical measurements indicate the presence of a phase separation in this blend.Using the Hoffman‐Weeks plot no equilibrium melting point depression was found in any of the blends studied. Some kinetic interfacial effects were detected in the crystallization processes. For all blend compositions, the Avrami exponent is close to that obtained for pure PEO. The DMTA and DTA results suggest an incompatibility in this system.
Raman spectroscopic studies of nomex and kevlar fibres under stress
Authors: Edwards Howell G. M. , Hakiki Samir 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe vibrational Raman spectra of single fibres of Nomex and Kevlar have been studied and vibrational assignments made. Commercial samples of Kevlar 29 and Kevlar 49 were found to be identical spectroscopically. Distinguishing features in the Raman spectra of Kevlar and of Nomex were identified for the purpose of spectroscopic or microprobe characterisation of these materials as single fibres or as small particles (∼ 2 μm). The Raman spectra of Kevlar and Nomex fibres which had been subjected to mechanical stresses of up to 4.5 kg mm−2 were also analysed and comparisons made with previous results on stressing experiments in the literature for Kevlar.
Characterisation of cellulose treated by the steam explosion method. Part 2: Effect of treatment conditions on changes in morphology, degree of polymerisation, solubility in aqueous sodium hydroxide and supermolecular structure of soft wood pulp during steam explosion
Authors: Yamashiki Takashi , Matsui Toshihiko , Saitoh Masayoshi , Okajima Kunihiko , Kamide Kenji , Sawada Tatsuro 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn attempt was made to clarify the effect of steam explosion conditions on the changes in morphology, degree of polymerisation Pv, solubility towards aqueous alkali solution Sa, and supermolecular structure of a soft wood pulp and to elucidate the mechanism by which the steam explosion treatment makes natural cellulose completely soluble in aqueous alkali solution. For this purpose, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation and X‐ray diffraction, solid‐state cross‐polarisation/magic‐angle sample‐spinning (CP/MAS) 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Sa and Pv measurements were carried out on a series of soft wood pulps treated systematically by the steam explosion method. It was found that (1) the maximum Sa (c. 100%) was obtained when the soft wood pulp was treated under the conditions of steam pressure P = 2.9MPa and treatment time t = 30s, (2) the decrease in Pv of the pulp by the steam explosion resembled conventional acid hydrolysis of cellulose, (3) a higher water content in the sample to be treated gave a lower degree of decrease in Pv, (4) the repeated steam explosion method gave more fibrillated sample with higher Sa than the corresponding batch steam explosion, (5) the amorphous content of the samples as estimated by X‐ray analysis decreased by the steam explosion, in spite of an increase in Sa, and (6) the structural parameters expressing the degree of breakdown in the intramolecular hydrogen bonds at the C3 and C6 positions, Xam(C3) and Xam(C6), of the samples as estimated by CP/MAS 13C NMR changed as functions of P and t, being almost parallel to Sa. This suggests that these parameters may be more closely correlated with Sa than with Xam(X) from X‐ray analysis.
Characterisation of cellulose treated by the steam explosion method. Part 3: Effect of crystal forms (cellulose I, II and III) of original cellulose on changes in morphology, degree of polymerisaion, solubility and supermolecular structure by steam explosion
Authors: Yamashiki Takashi , Matsui Toshihiko , Saitoh Masayoshi , Matsuda Yukiko , Okajima Kunihiko , Kamide Kenji , Sawada Tatsuro 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn attempt was made to clarify the effect of the crystal form of untreated cellulose on the morphological and structural changes of cellulose during steam explosion treatment (steam pressure P = 2.9MPa (T = 508K), treatment time t = 15‐300 s). For this purpose, the crystal form of soft wood pulp (cellulose I) was converted by solid‐to‐solid transition, with minimal unavoidable change in other structural characteristics including morphology and average degree of polymerisation, into cellulose II or cellulose III. It was proved by both X‐ray and solid‐state cross‐polarisation/magic‐angle sample‐spinning (CP/MAS) 13C NMR analyses that even a simple addition of water at room temperature brought about a significant structural change in the steam‐untreated cellulose samples. The solubility towards 9.1 wt% aqueous sodium hydroxide, Sa, of the cellulose samples of crystal forms I and III could be improved from 31‐33% up to almost 100% by selecting appropriate steam explosion conditions (for example, P = 2.9MPa, t = 30 s). Such a magnificent increase in Sa by the steam explosion treatment was not observed for the cellulose II sample, even under the rather severe conditions of the steam explosion treatment at which the cellulose III crystal was converted to a large extent to cellulose I, as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that crystallisation of samples with cellulose I or II crystal occurred to some extent during the steam explosion treatment. Contrary to this, the degree of breakdown of the intramolecular hydrogen bond O3…O'5, as estimated by CP/MAS 13C NMR analysis, significantly increased for cellulose I and I11 during the treatment. The decrease in the viscosity‐average degree of polymerisation, P, observed for all treated samples can be roughly categorised into two or three steps of the first‐order decomposition reaction with different reaction rates.
Polymeric surfactants for enhanced oil recovery. IV—Thermodynamic properties of ethoxylated alkylphenol formaldehyde polymeric surfactants
Authors: Youssef A. M. , Gendy T. S. , Mohamad A. I. , Barakat Y. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe thermodynamic properties of some low molecular weight ethoxylated alkylphenol formaldehyde polymeric surfactants have been investigated. Surface tension as a function of concentration of the surfactants in aqueous solutions was measured at 28, 38, 48 and 58°C, using the spinning drop technique.From these measurements, the minimum area per molecule at the aqueous solution/air interface (Amin) was determined. The thermodynamic parameters of micellization (ΔGmic, ΔHmic, ΔSmic) and of adsorption (ΔGad, ΔHad, ΔSad) for these polymeric nonionics were calculated. Micellization is more sensitive to ethylene oxide chain length while adsorption is more dependent on the length of the alkyl chain.
Synthesis of stereoregular polymers and copolymers of methacrylate by living polymerization and their characterization by NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Kitayama Tatsuki , Ute Koichi , Hatada Koichi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHighly isotactic and syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMAs) were prepared by living polymerizations in toluene with t‐C4H9MgBr and t‐C4H9Li‐R3Al (Al/Li ≧ 2), respectively. Both tactic PMMAs have the same chemical structure from the left‐end to the right‐end of the polymer chain, and narrow molecular weight distribution. Stereochemical structures at and near the chain‐ends of the isotactic PMMA could be identified with the aid of two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Structural investigation on the stereoregular oligomers of MMA by NMR and X‐ray analysis provided important information on the stereoregularity of the initiation and termination processes. Block and random copolymers with high stereoregularity were prepared by these living polymerizations of MMA and ethyl methacrylate. Monomer sequence distribution and stereoregularity of the copolymers were studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy and the switching point of the block copolymer could be detected. Isotactic block and random copolymers of MMA and butyl methacrylate were also prepared and analysed by on‐line GPC/NMR to give molecular weight dependence of the composition. The glass transition temperature of the copolymers of methacrylates was found to be altered in a wider temperature range by changing the tacticity as well as the composition.
Management styles across Western European cultures
Authors: Tixier Maud 
Published: April 2007

AbstractManagement styles differ greatly across Europe although Europeans themselves may not always be aware of it. European executives usually deal with the countries closest to them and more distant countries are not as well known to them, whether linguistically, culturally, or geographically. As Europe 1993 makes executive transfers and recruitment easier than before across the European Community, it seems important to make managers aware of the variety of management styles across Western European countries. European managers frequently know more about American management and even Japanese management than they do about other European management styles. Their lack of understanding about European management styles may inhibit the emergence of a unified European management style in the future. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Japanese corporate network transferred to North America: Implications for North American firms
Authors: Inkpen Andrew 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA significant difference between Japanese and American corporate environments is the existence of extensive networks of intercorporate agreements among firms in Japan. Networks in Japan are the dominant factor in determining how firms transact with other organizations. Given that Japanese networks are taking root in the American business environment, what does this mean for American firms competing and cooperating with Japanese firms? Drawing on a recent study of North American‐Japanese joint ventures, this article examines the Japanese network and considers the implications for outsider firms gaining temporary, and perhaps even permanent access to the network through the formation of alliances and joint ventures with Japanese firms. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Internationalization of Australian business in the Asia‐Pacific region: Issues and prospects
Authors: Sim A. B. , Teoh Hai Yap 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe phenomenal economic growth of the Asia‐Pacific region initially was driven by export‐oriented industrialization and more recently by intraregional trade. This provided the backdrop for the present study that examined the pattern, motivations, strategies, problems, issues, and prospects of Australian businesses and direct investments in this region. The study concluded that although an extensive trade relationship has been fostered between Australia and the Asia‐Pacific, this has not been translated into direct investments. Key impediments seem to be attitudinal, because of cultural and language differences, and the lack of international competitiveness. These problems are only beginning to be recognized. An agenda for action is suggested at the Government, industry, and company levels. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Privatization strategies: Is Brazil moving in the wrong gear?
Authors: de Gouvea Neto Raul 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn the 1980s, marketization strategies gained momentum around the globe. Increasingly, the visible hand was being replaced by a revival of neoliberal growth strategies. Privatization was a response to state‐owned enterprise, sluggish performance, and excessive intervention in sectors not requiring assistance. In many countries the state became the problem and not the solution for further gains in competitiveness and efficiency. Privatization strategies were implemented more aggressively in Latin America in the 1980s and early 1990s. In Brazil, the largest economy in Latin America, policymakers used erratic strategies from the early 1980s through the early 1990s. This article addresses the Brazilian privatization experience, paying heed to the dynamics of the different strategies pursued throughout the privatization programs and elaborating on the specific steps taken by the Brazilian policymakers. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.