bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Messungen von cerebralen Kreislaufzeiten am Menschen und ihre Beziehung zur Gehirndurchblutung.
Authors: BROBEIL ALFRED , HÄRTER OTTO , HERRMANN ERWIN , NILSSON NILS JOHAN 
Published: December 2008

ZusammenfassungAn 61 neurologisch‐psychiatrischen Patienten wurden Gehirndurchblutung und cerebrale Kreislaufzeit unmittelbar nacheinander gemessen. Der Mittelwert der (kürzesten) Kreislanfzeit war 5.7 ± 0.2 sec.Es bestand keine signifikante Korrelation zwischen Gehirndurchblutung und linearer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Blntes, ausgedrückt durch den inversen Wert der Kreislaufzeit.Die Einatmung von 5 % CO2 erhöhte die Lineargeschwindigkeit signifikant. Wahrend der CO2‐Atmung bestand eine starke positive Korrelation zwischen Durchblutung und Lineargeschwindigkeit.
On The Specificity of Pancreatic Lipase.
Authors: TRYDING NILS 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The substrate specificity of pancreatic lipase has been studied with a series of labelled methyl‐branched fatty acids. The incorporation of a fatty acid into glyceride ester bonds by pancreatic lipase is hindered by a methyl group in the α‐ or β position of the acid. In contrast one methyl branch in the γ‐position of the acid or two methyl branches in the δ‐position do not seem to have any influence on the lipase synthesis of ester bonds.The 8‐carbon 5,5‐dimethylcaproic acid and the 26‐carbon n‐hexacosanoic acid were both found to be incorporated into glycerides by pancreatic lipase.
The Rectum‐Liver Temperature Gradient in Man1
Authors: GRAF W. , GRAF K. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. Copper‐constantan thermocouples were introduced, one into the human liver, the other in the rectal ampulla. The temperature gradient between the rectum and the liver was recorded continuously with a calibrated measuring system.2. In all ten cases examined the rectal temperature was higher than that of the liver. From experiments under basal conditions a mean rectum‐liver temperature gradient was obtained of + 0.18 ± 0.03± C.3. The effect of various pharmacological agents on the gradient was studied. Substances known to increase the liver blood flow were found to increase the gradient and vice versa. A reversal of the gradient occurred during artificial temperature elevation (initial phase of fever).
The Physical Work Capacity of Workers 50—64 Years Old
Authors: ÅSTRAND IRMA 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Eighty‐one of one hundred 50—64 years old transport workers for breweries in a district of Stockholm were examined with respect to physical work capacity. The subjects were tested on a bicycle ergometer at increasing work loads, the heaviest of which caused the subject to be exhausted after about 6 minutes work. The following conclusions could be drawn from the data obtained.

The pulse reaction to a submaximal work load did not differ from that one of younger subjects. Mean heart rate at about 900 kpm/min. was about 145 beats/min.
Maximal work was reached at a lower work load than in younger subjects with the same pulse reaction to submaximal work.
The heart rate at maximal work was about 160 beats per minute at an oxygen intake of about 2.5 litres per minute.
The physical work capacity of individuals of different age can not be estimated and compared only on the basis of the pulse reaction to submaximal work.
Zentrale mid periphere Sympathicusaktivierung durch Dehydroascorbinsänre
Authors: WEGMANN A. 
Published: December 2008

Zusammenfassung.1. Die von Patterson und Mastin an der Ratte beobachtete blutdrucksteigernde Wirkung von intravenös injizierter Dehydroascorbinsäure (DHA) in Dosen von mehr als 5 mg/kg konnte auch an der Katze und am Meerschweinchen nachgewiesen verden.2. Der nach Halsmarksdurchschneidung und synaptischer Unterbrechung der sympatischen Nervenbahnen durch Ganglienblocker beobachtete, wenn auch stark verminderte Blutdruckanstieg und die positiv chronotropen und inotropen Veränderungen der Herzaktivität nach intravenösen Injektionen von Dehydroascorbinsäure weisen jedoch auf einen zweiten, peripheren Aktionsbereich dieser Substanz hin.Summary.1. The findings of Patterson and Mastin that dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) injected intravenously in rats in doses higher than 5 mg per kg produces an increase in blood pressure, chiefly by central sympathetic stimulation, has been confirmed on cats and guinea pigs.2. Some increase in blood pressure and of heart activity were still observed after intravenous injections of DHA after chordotomy and synaptic interruption of sympathetic nerve conduction by ganglionic blocking agents, indicating a second peripheral mechanism.
The Presence of the Adrenergic Nenrotransmitter in Intraaxonal Structures.
Authors: Von EULER U. S. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.In cell‐free homogenates of adrenergic nerves in 0.3–0.88 M sucrose, a sediment rich in noradrenaline can be obtained by high speed centrifugation.An active sediment was also obtained by centrifugation of press juice from adrenergic nerves.Noradrenaline was concentrated up to 21 times in the sediment as compared with the original nerve tissue. The highest proportion of noradrenaline recovered in the sediment was 37 per cent of the total activity.While little or no activity was released by suspending the sediment in 0.3 M sucrose, addition of acid to pH 4 or lower released all, and heating most of the activity.Acidification, heating, or addition of detergents followed by freezing and thawing increased the free noradrenaline in the supernatant before, but not after, high speed centrifugation.Histamine was present in the supernatant but not in the sediment containing the noradrenaline.Noradrenaline was demonstrated by column chromatography of extracts of the sediment but no other catechols.It is concluded that noradrenaline is present in high concentration in disperse structures in the adrenergic axones.
The Effect of Selective Catheterisation of the Renal Artery Upon Renal Function in the Dog.
Authors: HELANDER C. G. , PERSSON F. , ÁSHEIM. Á. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Insertion of a catheter into the renal artery occasionally affects renal function by producing pronounced alterations in renal blood flow and glonierular filtration, and the ratio C In/CPAH. On other occasions, no definite effect call be observed. Effects may also be produced in the contralateral kidney. A detailed analysis of the initiating mechanism was not possible with the experimental method described in this paper.
A Fluorimetric Method for the Determination of Dopamine (3‐Hydroxytyramine.)
Authors: CARLSSON ARVID , WALDECK BERTIL 
Published: December 2008

Summary.A fluorimetric method for the determination of dopamine is described. The principle is similar to that employed in the tri‐hydroxyindole method for estimating adrenaline and noradrenaline. Utilizing differences in fluorescence characteristics at pH about 5.3, microquantities of dopainine can be determined in the presence of at least equal amounts of adrenaline or noradrenaline.
Serum Lipid Composition in Esperimental Hypercholesterolaemic Rats Given Polyenoic Fatty Acids
Authors: HAUGE JENS G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.It has previously been established that 20–100 mg of polyunsaturated oils given daily to young rats raised on a 1 % cholesterol—10 % hydrogenated coconut oil diet results in a pronounced reduction of the serum cholesterol concentration. By means of extraction of the serum lipids, chromatographic separation, and alkali isomerization it has now been shown that this decrease in serum lipids, reflected in reductions in both free and esterified cholesterol and in non‐cholesterol lipids, is accompanied by characteristic changes in the polyenoic fatty acid composition of the cholesterol esters. Linoleste supplementation resulted in the appearance of more dienoic and tetraenoic acid in the esters, linolenate particularly in the appearance of pentaenoic, but also some hexaenoic acid. Cod liver oil had an effect on all polyenoic constituents, and the magnitude of this effect, referred to the actual content of such acids in the oil, was by far the strongest. This indicates a preference in the organism for the ready made polyunsaturated acids. The largest reductions in total cholesterol were correlated with a preponderance of lino‐lenic acid‐type unsaturation in the esters, a fact which emphasizes the relative inferiority of linoleic acid in the aspect of cholesterol metabolism here studied.
Assay of Jorpes‐Mutt Secretin and Cholecystokinin
Authors: IVY A. C. , JANEUEK H. M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The technique worked out in the senior author's laboratory for assaying secretin and cholecystokinin in cats and dogs has been described in detail. Highly purified samples of these hormones, supplied by the Swedish workers, were found to have a strength of 3,300 Ivy dog units of secretin and 22 Ivy dog units of cholecystokinin per mg, respectively. Due attention was paid to the extreme lability of the purified secretion.
Transplacental Diffusion of Carbon Monoxide in Human Subjects
Authors: FRIBERG LARS , NYSTRÖM ÁKE , SWANBERG HERBERT 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The content of carbon monoxide in maternal and in foetal blood was studied at various times after exposure to CO in concentrations sufficient to produce COHb levels of about 15 per cent in the mother's blood. CO diffused slowly from maternal to foetal blood. When exposure to CO was brief, the readings in foetal blood did not attain the levels to which the concentrations in maternal blood had fallen until 3 to 5 hours after exposure. Even when sufficient CO was breathed to maintain the maternal COHb at about 15 per cent for 2 hours, the content of CO was still not quite so high in foetal as in maternal blood. The disappearance of CO was somewhat slower from foetal blood than from maternal blood.
Studies on the Incorporation of 35S Labelled Cystine into the Leucocytes of Tumour Bearing Rats.
Authors: BELLION BARTOLOMEO , RESEGOTTI LUIGI 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.In order to study the influence of the development of a tumour on the leucopoiesis and on the life cycle of leucocytes, the incorporation of intraperitoneally administered 35S labelled cystine into the leucocytes of rats injected with Yoshida ascites sarcoma was investigated. The separation of leucocytes and the preparation of the samples were performed according to the method of Weisberger and Levine. Sulfur is incorporated in leucocyte proteins of rats injected with ascites tumour at a rate three times as high as in that of normal rats. The loss of 35S atoms from the leucocytes of tumour animals is more rapid, which suggests a shortening of the life span of W.B.C. due to the presence of the tumour. The striking similarity of these results with that obtained by Ehrenstein in the case of erythrocytes is emphasized. The possibility that the results obtained are due to the presence of tumour cells in the peripheral blood is discussed and ruled out.
Inactivation of Insulin in Livers from Mice with Goldthioglueose Obesity.
Authors: LARSSON STIG 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The insulin inactivating capacity of livers of mice with goldthioglueose obesity has been determined using the method described by Mirsky and Broh‐Kahn (1919). It was found that insulin was destroyed more readily in livers of obese animals compared to normal. It is suggested that these findings can be related to the higher incidence of diabetes mellitus in obesity.
Effect of Reduced Ventilation on Systemic Blood Pressure and Blood Flow in the Hind Part of the Cat during Infusion of Noradrenaline.
Authors: DUNÉR H. , EULER U. S. v. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The effect of infusion of 1.6–2. 2 μg/kg/min noradrenaline (NA) on the blood pressure and the blood flow in the hind part of the cat in nembutal anaesthesia was studied during normal and reduced ventilation. During normal ventilation NA infusion caused an increase both in blood pressure and flow while both effects were greatly diminished during reduced ventilation. It was further observed that in the latter condition the blood pressure response to carotid occlusion was still strong, in contrast to the effect of NA on systemic pressure.
Bleeding Anemia and Methemoglobin Reduction in Dog Erythrocytes.
Authors: JALAVISTO EEVA 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The rate of methemoglobin reduction in nitrite treated dog red cells were studied in 3 dogs before and after repeated bleedings. When the dogs were bled the methemoglobin reduction rate (MRR) increased to values twice or three times the initial, the maximum rate varying from 18 to 31 per cent per 1 hour. The duration and level of an elevated rate seemed to depend on the amount of blood removed. The long persistence (about 1 month) of an elevated MRR was interpreted as an indication of the dependence of the MRR on the age and life span of the red cell population.
On the Concentration of Bile Acids in the Human Intestine during Absorption. Bile Acids and Steroids 74.
Authors: SJÖVALL JAN 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The concentrations of glycine and taurine conjugates of cholic, chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids have been determined in the intestinal contents of seven normal and one cholecystectomized subject during the absorption of a fluid test meal. Within 30 minutes after the meal the emptying of the gall‐bladder caused a rise in total bile acid concentration to 13–46 meq/l, thereafter the concentration rapidly decreased, being between 2.5 and 10 meq/l during the main part of the period of digestion and absorption. Variations in the proportions of the bile acids were observed during this period but were usually small. The bile acid composition in the distal part of the small intestine seemed to be similar to that in the proximal part and the emptying of the gall‐bladder caused no changes in bile acid concentration in the former part.
The Electrical and Mechanical Activity of a Muscle in Voluntary Contraction
Authors: Bergström R. M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe voluntary control of the energy consumption of the muscle is, according to our previous studies, reducible to the number of time periods of the action currents fired into the muscle. This number of periods defines the physical action (energy.time, g·cm2·s–‐1) carried by the muscle into the environment during contraction. As the physical action corresponding to one time period can be regarded as constant, the electrical and mechanical phenomena in the muscle can be represented satisfactorily in terms of a vector coordinate system, whose dimensions are the number of discharged motor time periods and the temporal and spatial shifts of the muscle movement. The interrelations of these dimensions were examined in voluntary actions of the abductor of the forefinger (m. interosseus dors. I) in human. The muscle action currents were recorded from non‐selective electrodes. It was observed that the duration of contraction and the muscle shortening were both, within certain limits, directly proportional to the number of periods of the motor discharge.
The Release of Catechols from the Adrenal Medulla on Activation of the Bulbar Part of the Sympathetic Vasodilator Outflow in Cats
Authors: Lindgren Percy , Rosén Anders , Uvnás Börje 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn a previous investigation it was observed that activation of the sympathetic vasodilator outflow by hypothalamic stimulation was accompanied by a discharge of catechols from the adrenals, consisting mainly of adrenaline. The present experiments were undertaken in order to study the adrenal function during medullary stimulation of this pathway. The catechol output from one adrenal gland was observed to increase on activation of the sympathetic vasodilator outflow by bulbar stimulation. Adrenaline increased relatively more than noradrenaline. The mean values for the adrenaline output in the control samples and those taken during the stimulation periods were 0.05 and 0.22 μg/kg/min (increase 340 per cent). The corresponding figures for noradrenaline were 0.22 and 0.50 μag/kg/min (increase 130 per cent). The findings are in accordance with our previous results showing that intracerebral stimulation of the sympathetic vasodilator outflow is accompanied by a discharge of catechols – predominantly adrenaline – from the adrenals. The amounts secreted are of such a low magnitude as to have only minor vascular effects.
Circulatory and Respiratory Adaptation to Severe Muscular Work
Authors: ÅStrand Irma , ÅStrand Per‐Olof , Christensen Erik Hohwü , Hedman Rune 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA trained subject performed a constant work output per min (2,160 kpm/min or 360 Watts) with variations in work time from 0.5 min up to the maximum tolerable time of 9 min. The chronological changes in different functions, such as heart rate, pulmonary ventilation etc. responsible for oxygen transport were recorded. At a given time after the start of work the subject reached identical values for these functions and for O2, uptake, independent of the total length of time which was known to the subject, when the work started. The heart rate and other related functions of importance concerning oxygen uptake are narrowly regulated by the work output and the fitness of the subject and are apparently to an exceptionally high degree resistant to changes in the mental state of the trained subject.
Oxygen Intake of Obese Individuals During Work on a Bicycle Ergometer
Authors: Astrand Irma , Astrand Per‐Olof , Stunkard Albert 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA group of 8 obese women and 4 obese men were examined for oxygen intake when working with submaximal loads on a bicycle ergometer. On 300 kpm/min the average for the obese women was 1.05 1/min, which was significantly higher than for a group of 28 non‐obese subjects (0.89 1/min). The obese men had a higher oxygen intake than the control group (1.08 and 0.96 1/min respectively).These findings suggest that increased mechanical efficiency does not play a part in the pathogenesis of human obesity.
Observations on Central Regulation of Body: Temperature and of Food and Water Intake in the Pigeon (Columba livia)
Authors: ÅKerman B. , ÅNdersson B. , Fabricius E. , Svensson L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractElectrical stimulation within restricted parts of the hypothalamus and the preoptic area of the pigeon was found to elicit polypneic panting, hyperphagia and polydipsia. The spatial arrangement in the brain giving rise to the different effects corresponded well to that found in mammals. It may therefore be assumed that central regulation of body temperature, food and water intake is principally the same in birds and mammals.
Functional Organization of the Dorsal Spino‐Cerebellar Tract in the Cat
Authors: Lundberg A. , Oscarsson O. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFibres of the dorsal spino‐cerebellar tract have been identified by antidromic activation from the anterior cerebellar lobe cortex and classified in 5 subdivisions activated: 1) from muscle spindles, 2) from Golgi tendon organs, 3) from pressure receptors in the pad, 4) on touch, pressure and pinching of the skin, 5) as 4) and in addition from high threshold muscle afferents.
The Occurrence of a Lipid‐Soluble Smooth‐Muscle Stimulating Principle (‘SRS’) in Anaphylactic Reaction
Authors: Chakravarty Nirmal 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChakravarty, N. The occurrence of a lipid‐soluble smooth‐muscle stimulating principle (‘SRS’) in anaphylactic reaction.When tissues from sensitized guinea pigs are incubated with antigen, there is a diffusion of histamine and a lipid‐soluble, smooth‐muscle stimulating principle (‘SRS’) into the incubation fluid. ‘SRS’ is soluble in ether and other organic solvents and is of acid nature. The time curves of histamine and ‘SRS’ are similar except for the slower appearance of ‘SRS’ in the first few minutes. There is a close correlation between the amounts of histamine and ‘SRS’ obtained from different tissues. Moreover, with increasing concentrations of antigen the amounts of both histamine and ‘SRS’ rise proportionally. The observations are compatible with the view that the two smooth‐muscle stimulating substances may originate from a common source.
The Association between the Relaxing and the Lactic‐Acid Stimulating Effects of Adrenaline in Smooth Muscle
Authors: Mohme‐Lundholm Ella 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMohme‐Lundholm, E. The association between the relaxing and the lactic‐acid stimulating effects of adrenaline in smooth muscle.According to Furchgott(1955) the relaxing effect of adrenaline on rabbit intestine even emerged under conditions in which the muscle probably was incapable of producing lactic acid. On duplicating this experimental condition and determining glycogenolysis and lactic acid production, the author found that adrenaline's relaxing effect on smooth muscle was still associated with stimulation of the lactic acid production.
Correlation between the Psychological Significance of Stimuli and the Magnitudes of the Startle Blink and Evoked EEG Potentials in Man1
Authors: Larsson Lars‐Erik 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLarsson, L.‐E. Correlation between the psychological significance of stimuli and the magnitude of the startle blink and evoked EEG potentials in man.The effect of variations in the psychological significance of stimuli on evoked potentials in the EEG and on the startle blink has been studied in man. Three different experimental conditions were set up under which the stimuli were assumed to have a high, a moderate and a low significance, respectively. It was found that the magnitudes of the startle blink and the non‐specific EEG response were directly correlated to the degree of significance thus defined. The differences between the responses under the three experimental conditions were statistically significant. The short‐latency response to peripheral nerve stimulation recorded from the contra‐lateral somatosensory region was more resistant. The cardiac and respiratory rates as well as the EEG from the posterior scalp regions were also recorded under the three experimental conditions. It was found, among other things, that under the condition in which the subjects tensely waited for a stimulus and accordingly must have been highly alert the EEG contained a large amount of alpha waves in contrast to the desynchronization of the record which occurs under other conditions of wide‐awakeness.
The Effect of Ethyl Alcohol on the Secretion from the Adrenal Medulla of the Cat
Authors: Perman E. S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRecent studies on the urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline have furnished strong indirect evidence that ethyl alcohol administration increases the secretion from the adrenal medulla in man and dogs. In the present work the amounts of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the blood from one adrenal were measured after alcohol infusions (0.30—1.0 g/kg) in Nembutal‐anaesthetized cats. The catechol‐amines were determined by bioassay technique. With i. v. doses of alcohol above 0.60 g/kg, the output of both amines generally increased. Some ways in which alcohol could influence the adrenal medulla are discussed.
On the Origin of the Neutral Fecal Sterols and their Relation to Cholesterol Metabolism in the Rat: Bile Acids and Steroids 92
Authors: Danielsson Henry 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAfter intraperitoneal administration of a tracer dose of 4‐14C‐cholesterol to three different groups of rats, intact, bile‐duct ligated and bilefistulated, maintained on a fat‐free diet, the excretion of isotope was followed in feces, urine and bile, and the amount of neutral fecal sterols excreted determined. After 12 days subsequent to the injection of 4‐14C‐cholesterol roughly equal amounts of isotope had been excreted as neutral fecal sterols in all three groups. The average daily excretion of neutral sterols in feces during this period was 3.4 mg in intact, 4.5 mg in bile‐duct ligated and 7.3 mg in bile‐fistulated rats. In the last‐mentioned group 10–15% of total neutral fecal sterols could not be precipitated with digitonin. During 21 days subsequent to injection of 4‐14C‐cholesterol into intact rats, the specific activity of the fecal bile acids was calculated to be at least twice that of the neutral fecal sterols.