bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine‐learning algorithms in screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Data from Fasa Adults Cohort Study
Authors: Karmand Hanieh , Andishgar Aref , Tabrizi Reza , Sadeghi Alireza , Pezeshki Babak , Ravankhah Mahdi , Taherifard Erfan , Ahmadizar Fariba 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe application of machine learning (ML) is increasingly growing in biomedical sciences. This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and compare the performance of ML methods in identifying individuals with the disease in an Iranian setting.MethodsUsing the baseline data from Fasa Adult Cohort Study (FACS) and in a sex‐stratified manner, we studied factors associated with T2DM by applying seven different ML methods including Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), K‐Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) and Bagging classifier (BAG). We further compared the performance of these methods; for each algorithm, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and Area Under Curve (AUC) were calculated.Results10,112 participants were recruited between 2014 and 2016, of whom 1246 had T2DM at baseline. 4566 (45%) participants were males, aged between 35 and 70 years. For males, age, sugar consumption, and history of hospitalization were the most weighted variables regarding their importance in screening for T2DM using the GBM model, respectively; these variables were sugar consumption, urine blood, and age for females. GBM outperformed other models for both males and females with AUC of 0.75 (0.69–0.82) and 0.76 (0.71–0.80), and F1 score of 0.33 (0.27–0.39) and 0.42 (0.38–0.46), respectively. GBM also showed a sensitivity of 0.24 (0.19–0.29) and a specificity of 0.98 (0.96–1.0) in males and a sensitivity of 0.38 (0.34–0.42) and specificity of 0.92 (0.89–0.95) in females. Notably, close performance characteristics were detected among other ML models.ConclusionsGBM model might achieve better performance in screening for T2DM in a south Iranian population.
A forecasting model for oil prices using a large set of economic indicators
Authors: El Hokayem Jihad , Jamali Ibrahim , Hejase Ale 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the predictability of the changes in Brent oil futures prices using a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network that exploits the information contained in the largest possible set of economic indicators. Feature engineering is employed to identify the most important predictors of the change in Brent oil futures prices. We find that oil‐market‐specific variables are important predictors. Our findings also suggest that forecasts of the change in the Brent oil futures prices from the multilayer perceptron that exploits the informational content of all and oil‐market‐specific predictors exhibit higher statistical forecast accuracy than the random walk. Tests of forecast optimality indicate that the forecasts generated using oil‐market‐specific predictors are optimal. We discuss the policymaking and practical relevance of our results.
Risk disclosures in annual reports and firms’ default risk
Authors: Jin Shunyao , Lee Hei‐Wai , Xie Yan Alice 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examines how the length, content, and tone attributes of risk disclosures in a firm's 10‐K annual report relate to its default risk in the subsequent fiscal year. We find a significant association between specific attributes of risk disclosures and the default risk in the subsequent period. Using the 2008 financial crisis as a shock to firms’ risk environment, we further find that the documented association is more pronounced in the post‐financial crisis era. Our cross‐sectional analyses reveal that the documented relationship is particularly prominent for firms undergoing substantial shifts in default risk, facing significant financial distress, operating in industries with lower litigation risk, or subject to heightened scrutiny from external monitors. Overall, our findings suggest that risk disclosures in firms’ annual reports offer valuable insights for investors assessing financial distress and default risk.
New phosphorus losses via tile drainage depend on fertilizer form, placement, and timing
Authors: Osterholz William , Simpson Zach , Williams Mark , Shedekar Vinayak , Penn Chad , King Kevin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAgricultural phosphorus (P) losses are harmful to water quality, but knowledge gaps about the importance of fertilizer management practices on new (recently applied) sources of P may limit P loss mitigation efforts. Weighted regression models applied to subsurface tile drainage water quality data enabled estimating the new P losses associated with 155 P applications in Ohio and Indiana, USA. Daily discharge and dissolved reactive P (DRP) and total P (TP) loads were used to detect increases in P loss following each application which was considered new P. The magnitude of new P losses was small relative to fertilizer application rates, averaging 79.3 g DRP ha−1 and 96.1 g TP ha−1, or <3% of P applied. The eight largest new P losses surpassed 330 g DRP ha−1 or 575 g TP ha−1. New P loss mitigation strategies should focus on broadcast liquid manure applications; on average, manure applications caused greater new P losses than inorganic fertilizers, and surface broadcast applications were associated with greater new P losses than injected or incorporated applications. Late fall applications risked having large new P losses applications. On an annual basis, new P contributed an average of 14% of DRP and 5% of TP losses from tile drains, which is much less than previous studies that included surface runoff, suggesting that tile drainage is relatively buffered with regard to new P losses. Therefore old (preexisting soil P) P sources dominated tile drain P losses, and P loss reduction efforts will need to address this source.
Ultrasound images of the ascending aorta of anesthetized northern fur seals and Steller sea lions confirm that the aortic bulb maintains continuous blood flow
Authors: Storlund Rhea L. , Rosen David A. S. , Haulena Martin , Sanatani Shubhayan , Vander Zaag Jessica , Trites Andrew W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe increased size and enhanced compliance of the aortic bulb—the enlargement of the ascending aorta—are believed to maintain blood flow in pinnipeds during extended periods of diastole induced by diving bradycardia. The aortic bulb has been described ex vivo in several species of pinnipeds, but in vivo measurements are needed to investigate the relationship between structure and function. We obtained ultrasound images using electrocardiogram‐gated transesophageal echocardiography during anesthesia and after atropine administration to assess the relationship between aortic bulb anatomy and cardiac function (heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output) in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). We observed that the aortic bulb in northern fur seals and Steller sea lions expands during systole and recoils over the entire diastolic period indicating that blood flow is maintained throughout the entire cardiac cycle as expected. The stroke volumes we measured in the fur seals and sea lions fit the values predicted based on body size in mammals and did not change with increased heart rates, suggesting that greater stroke volumes are not needed for aortic bulb function. Overall, our results suggest that peripheral vasoconstriction during diving is sufficient to modulate the volume of blood in the aortic bulb to ensure that flow lasts over the entire diastolic period. These results indicate that the shift of blood into the aortic bulb of pinnipeds is a fundamental mechanism caused by vasoconstriction while diving, highlighting the importance of this unique anatomical adaptation.
Comparison of Angiolytic Effects Between the 445‐nm Blue Laser and 532‐nm Pulsed KTP Laser
Authors: Nguyen Duy Duong , Pang Jing‐Yin , Novakovic Daniel 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the selective absorption of the 445‐nm Blue laser (BL) and the 532‐nm pulsed potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate (KTP) laser by blood vessels.MethodsThirty‐six chicken eggs at day 14 of incubation were dissected to expose the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Third‐order vessels of the CAM were identified and irradiated using BL and KTP lasers using various settings at a laser‐to‐vessel distance of 3 mm using 0.4 mm fiber size. In total, 494 vessels segments were irradiated. Mean (standard deviation) number of irradiations for each setting was 26.0 (4.6), range from 15 to 39. Outcome measures included ablation rate (AR) and rupture rate (RR).ResultsThe two lasers were compared for AR and RR at long and medium pulse width (PW) associated with different power levels. At long PW (above 100 ms), BL showed significantly higher AR than KTP at high energy (600 mJ/pulse) and low energy (400 mJ/pulse); they did not show different AR and RR at medium energy levels (500 mJ/pulse). Using medium PW settings plus high and medium energy levels, BL and KTP showed relatively high AR and did not significantly differ in performance. However, at medium PW plus low energy (400–450 mJ/pulse), KTP showed significantly higher AR compared to BL.ConclusionAt long PW, BL appeared to show higher AR than KTP at high or low energy levels, but they showed equivalent performance at medium energy. At medium PW, both performed similarly from high to medium energy, but KTP appeared to perform better than BL at lower energy settings.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:3220–3225, 2024
Macao's academic book publishing industry: A SWOT and PEST analysis
Authors: Jiagui Li , Lam Johnny F. I. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMacao's academic book publishing industry has a rich history and has grown significantly over the past two decades. This study employs a semi‐structured in‐depth interview to evaluate the current and prospective state of Macao's academic book publishing industry. The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis and the PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) analysis are used in this study. The strengths of Macao's academic book publishing industry include that requesting an ISBN in Macao is easy and quick under the principle of ‘One Country, Two Systems’ and financial support from the Macao SAR government. However, the industry faces several weaknesses, including an underdeveloped cultural industry, a small seller market and a talent shortage, and less copyright output. Opportunities for the industry exist through constructing a Culture‐based Bay Area in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area and developing an international hub for digital trade in the Guangdong–Macao In‐Depth Cooperation Zone–Hengqin. However, Macao's academic book publishing industry is threatened by emerging Internet technologies, such as augmented reality, the metaverse, and ChatGPT. This paper also proposes strategies for future practice, such as taking the initiative to encourage a group of top‐tier publishers to establish branches in Macao and improve publications’ cultural elements. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the strategic management of Macao's academic book publishing industry and will be of interest to publishers, academic researchers, and policymakers.
Beyond Beall's list: The need for contemporary evaluation tools in predatory publishing research
Authors: Mohammed Karukh K. , Hama Jihad Ibrahim , Kakamad Fahmi H. 
Published: February 2024

Key points
Beall's list was an instrumental resource in its prime, however its cessation of updates since 2017 makes its continued use a potential concern.
The landscape of predatory publishing has witnessed profound changes over recent years.
In the context of up‐to‐date evaluations, many researchers and institutions are turning towards Kscien's list.
Impact of the Madden–Julian oscillation and equatorial waves on tracked mesoscale convective systems over southeast Asia
Authors: Crook Julia , Morris Fran , Fitzpatrick Rory Gordon John , Peatman Simon C. , Schwendike Juliane , Stein Thorwald H. , Birch Cathryn E. , Hardy Sam , Yang Gui‐Ying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSoutheast Asia is a region dominated by high‐impact weather, but numerical weather prediction here is a challenge owing to the complex orography and interactions between small‐ and large‐scale phenomena. Localised mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) can produce intense precipitation. Here, we track MCSs over a 5‐year period in Himawari satellite data, characterise the distribution of MCSs in the region, and investigate how they are modulated by the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and equatorial waves. Between 10°S and 10°N in southeast Asia, MCSs account for 45–70% of the precipitation during boreal extended winter (November–April). Over most of the region, the fractional MCS contribution to rainfall is higher than average on days with extreme rainfall (>55%). Long‐lived (>12 hr) MCSs contribute disproportionately, providing 85% of the rainfall despite comprising only 34% of all MCSs. Variability in MCS rainfall accounts for >50% of the total rainfall variability during an MJO cycle, mostly due to larger numbers of MCSs in convectively active MJO phases. Variations in MCS size and mean rain rate due to shifts in the stratiform proportion provide compensating effects. In the west of the region, a shift to faster moving MCSs in active MJO phases and slower moving MCSs in inactive phases resulted in fast‐moving MCSs having the greatest impact on the MJO‐associated variability. Variability is larger in the west than in the east. Equatorial Kelvin waves modulate MCS rainfall, with MCSs accounting for 20–50% of local rainfall anomalies. This variability is again enhanced in the west. By contrast, rainfall anomalies due to westward‐propagating mixed Rossby–gravity waves and Rossby‐1 waves are dominated by tropical‐cyclone‐related rainfall. Skill at local scales may be extracted from forecasts of subseasonal drivers such as the MJO and Kelvin waves, by understanding how these modulate the number and characteristics of MCSs.
Adverse pregnancy outcome in fetuses with early increased nuchal translucency: prospective cohort study
Authors: Bet B. B. , Lugthart M. A. , Linskens I. H. , van Maarle M. C. , van Leeuwen E. , Pajkrt E. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesAn increased nuchal translucency (NT) thickness of ≥ 3.5 mm is a well‐established marker for congenital anomalies and adverse pregnancy outcome between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation, but little is known about its performance as a screening tool before 11 weeks. We aimed to investigate, in a prospective setting, whether fetuses with increased NT before 11 weeks are at risk for adverse pregnancy outcome.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study including pregnant women with a viable fetus with NT ≥ 2.5 mm and a crown–rump length (CRL) < 45 mm. All included women were referred to our fetal medicine unit (FMU) and scheduled for a follow‐up scan where the NT was remeasured after 1 week when the CRL was > 45 mm. Two groups were evaluated: cases with a normalized NT (< 3.5 mm) and cases with persistently increased NT (≥ 3.5 mm). The cases were monitored until 4 weeks after delivery. The main outcome was a composite adverse outcome of aneuploidy, other genetic disorders, structural anomalies and pregnancy loss. We performed subgroup analyses of NT thickness at inclusion and normalized or persistently increased NT at follow‐up.ResultsThe study included 109 cases, of which 39 (35.8%) had an adverse pregnancy outcome. Of these, 64.1% (25/39) were aneuploid, corresponding to 22.9% (25/109) of the total study population. In the subgroups of NT thickness at inclusion of 2.5–3.4 mm, 3.5–4.4 mm and ≥ 4.5 mm, an adverse outcome was reported in 22.0% (9/41), 40.0% (18/45) and 52.2% (12/23), respectively. In fetuses with a normalized NT and without ultrasound abnormalities at the follow‐up scan, the incidence of adverse outcome was 8.5% (5/59), of which 5.1% (3/59) cases were aneuploid.ConclusionsFetuses with an early increased NT thickness are at considerable risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome, even if the NT normalizes after 11 weeks. Not all congenital anomalies can be diagnosed with routine first‐trimester screening, such as non‐invasive prenatal testing and/or a first‐trimester anomaly scan. Therefore, expectant parents should always be referred to a FMU for detailed ultrasonography. Invasive prenatal testing should be offered if an increased NT of ≥ 2.5 mm is observed before 11 weeks' gestation. © 2024 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
On the effects of a surrounding medium and phase split in coupled bone simulations
Authors: Blaszczyk Mischa , Hackl Klaus 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn our previous contributions we established a multiscale, multiphase material model for the simulation of cancellous bone with the novel idea of including the full coupling of mechanical, electric and magnetic effects, which could be used for example, for the early detection of osteoporosis. While our calculations have already shown promising results, our previous approach lacks very important aspects, strongly limiting the applicability of our findings. In this paper we extend our base model by considering the effect of a surrounding medium on our bone specimen, using improved boundary conditions and differentiating between cortical bone, bone marrow and spongy bone to better reflect the physiological properties of bone. We show numerical results and compare our calculations to our previous modeling.
Geschichte der klinischen Elektrophysiologie in Diagnostik und Therapiekontrolle ventrikulärer Vulnerabilität
Authors: Pfeiffer Dietrich 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag beschreibt die Geschichte einer Hoffnung in den Jahren 1980 bis 1995, das Risiko eines plötzlichen arrhythmischen Herztodes mit den Methoden der klinischen Elektrophysiologie am einzelnen Patienten ausreichend sicher vorherzusagen. Auch wenn eine solche Wahrscheinlichkeit in ausgewählten Gruppen mit hoher Zuverlässigkeit bestimmt werden kann, so entziehen sich viele klinische Szenarien einer solchen Vorhersage. Letztlich haben umfangreiche Bemühungen nur eine statistische Gruppenwahrscheinlichkeit, nicht eine therapierelevante Wahrscheinlichkeit im Einzelfall ergeben. Es ist die Geschichte einer enttäuschten Hoffnung.
On the density of “wild” initial data for the barotropic Euler system
Authors: Chiodaroli Elisabetta , Feireisl Eduard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe show that the set of “wild data”, meaning the initial data for which the barotropic Euler system admits infinitely many admissible entropy solutions, is dense in the $$L^p$$

L
p

-topology of the phase space.
Contest partitioning in binary contests
Authors: Levy Priel , Aumann Yonatan , Sarne David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this work we explore the opportunities presented by partitioning contestants in contest into disjoint groups, each competing in an independent contest, with its own prize. This, as opposed to most literature on contest design, which focuses on the setting of a single “grand” (possibly multi-stage) contest, wherein all potential contestants ultimately compete for the same prize(s), with few exceptions that do consider contest partitioning, yet with conflicting preference results concerning the optimal structure to be used. Focusing on binary contests, wherein the quality of contestants’ submissions are endogenously determined, we show that contest partitioning is indeed beneficial under some condition, e.g., whenever the number of contestants, or the prize amount, are “sufficiently large”, where the exact size requirements are a function of the partitioning cost. When partitioning does not entail any cost, we show that it is either a dominating or weakly dominating strategy, depending on the way the organizer’s expected benefit is determined. The analysis is further extended to consider partitioning where some of the sub-contests used contain a single contestant (a singleton). We conclude that contest partitioning is an avenue that contest designers can and should consider, when aiming to maximize their profit.
Rejection, Disagreement, Controversy and Acceptance in Mathematical Practice: Episodes in the Social Construction of Infinity
Authors: Ernest Paul 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe concept of infinity has a long and troubled history. Thus it is a promising concept with which to explore rejection, disagreement, controversy and acceptance in mathematical practice. This paper briefly considers four cases from the history of infinity, drawing on social constructionism as the background social theory. The unit of analysis of social constructionism is conversation. This is the social mechanism whereby new mathematical claims are proposed, scrutinised and critiqued. Minimally, conversation is based on the two roles of proponent and critic. The proponent puts forward a proposal, which is reacted to and evaluated by those in the role of critic. There is a continuum of contexts in which such conversations take place from inner conversations the mathematician has within themselves, and casual face-to face interactions between mathematicians at the chalkboard, all the way to the formal responses of referees and editors to submitted journal papers. Such responses vary from unconditional acceptance, partial acceptance through to outright rejection. There may be disagreements between proponents and critics, among those in the joint role of critic, and broader, community-wide disagreements and controversies, according to specific mathematical proposal and the critical judgements of it.
Effect of introduction pathways on the invasion success of non-native plants along environmental gradients
Authors: Riera Marc , Pino Joan , Sáez Llorenç , Aymerich Pere , Melero Yolanda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOur understanding on the role of introduction pathways on plant invasions is incomplete because their interaction with other factors remains poorly studied. We contributed to filling this knowledge gap, by analysing temporal trends in pathway importance, pathway-specific differences in the invaded niche, and the effect of pathways on invasion success. We used the non-native flora of Catalonia (NE Spain) as a study system. The contribution of pathways to the non-native flora interacted with time: from before 1500 to the present, gardening replaced agriculture as the main donor of new plants, while the contribution of unintentional introductions fluctuated without a consistent trend. Among neophytes (plants introduced after 1500), introduction pathways influenced differences mainly in habitat type, and secondarily in elevation: natural habitats and high elevation promoted invasion by gardening plants over unintentionally introduced ones. These nuances were unrelated to interactions between environmental variables. Among neophytes, invasion success was unrelated to pathways and interactions between pathways and traits, but was positively related to minimum residence time: older introductions achieved greater area of occupancy, habitat range, and invaded climatic niche breadth. Our results suggest that non-native plants diversified their niches over time (1500-present), a process that resulted in similar area of occupancy and niche breadth across plants with different introduction pathways. This was accompanied by pathway-specific nuances in the type of invaded environmental conditions.