bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El proceso legislativo en el Ecuador. Una mirada desde la formación
Authors: Martínez-Avendaño Cayetano 
Published: March 2024

El presente estudio se enfoca en el proceso legislativo en Ecuador, desde una óptica centrada en la formación de los participantes clave en dicho proceso. Se examina el impacto de la capacitación y educación tanto de legisladores como de funcionarios gubernamentales y ciudadanos en la calidad y eficacia de la legislación generada. Se abordan los diversos desafíos y oportunidades que enfrenta Ecuador en términos de formación legislativa, destacando la importancia de mejorar las competencias de los actores involucrados. A partir del análisis realizado, se proponen recomendaciones específicas para fortalecer la capacitación en el ámbito legislativo, con miras a potenciar la efectividad y legitimidad del proceso. Entre estas recomendaciones se incluyen iniciativas para promover programas de formación continua, facilitar el acceso a recursos educativos especializados y fomentar la colaboración interinstitucional. Se subraya la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias inclusivas que permitan una participación activa y informada de la ciudadanía en la elaboración y evaluación de políticas. En última instancia, se busca contribuir al fortalecimiento de las instituciones democráticas y al mejoramiento del marco normativo en Ecuador mediante el fortalecimiento de la formación legislativa de todos los actores involucrados.
Palabras clave:
Proceso legislativo, formación, funcionarios gubernamentales, ciudadanos.

ABSTRACT
The present study focuses on the legislative process in Ecuador, from a perspective focused on the training of key participants in said process. The impact of training and education of legislators, government officials and citizens on the quality and effectiveness of the legislation generated is examined. The various challenges and opportunities that Ecuador faces in terms of legislative training are addressed, highlighting the importance of improving the skills of the actors involved. Based on the analysis carried out, specific recommendations are proposed to strengthen training in the legislative field, with a view to enhancing the effectiveness and legitimacy of the process. These recommendations include initiatives to promote continuing training programs, facilitate access to specialized educational resources, and foster inter-institutional collaboration. The need to develop inclusive strategies that allow active and informed participation of citizens in the development and evaluation of policies is highlighted. Ultimately, it seeks to contribute to the strengthening of democratic institutions and the improvement of the regulatory framework in Ecuador by strengthening the legislative training of all the actors involved.
Keywords:
Legislative process, training, government officials, citizens.
The impact of sprint interval trainingversusmoderate intensity continuous training on blood pressure and cardiorespiratory health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Weibao , Liu Chuannan , Yan Xujie , Hou Yu , Yang Guan , Dai Jianmin , Wang Songtao 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundAlthough aerobic exercise is the primary modality recommended for the treatment of hypertension, it remains unclear whether high-intensity all-out sprint interval training (SIT) can result in greater reductions of blood pressure (BP) and cardiorespiratory health. This systematic review aims to compare the impact of SITversusModerate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on improvements in resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) among adults.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of three online databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) from January 2000 to July 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials that compared the chronic effects of SITversusMICT on BP in participants with high or normal blood pressure. We extracted information on participant characteristics, exercise protocols, BP outcomes, and intervention settings. Furthermore, the changes in VO2max between the two groups were analyzed using a meta-analysis. The pooled results were presented as weighted means with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsOut of the 1,874 studies initially were found, eight were included in this review, totaling 169 participants. A significant decrease in SBP (MD = −2.82 mmHg, 95% CI [−4.53 to −1.10],p = 0.08,I2=45%) was observed in the SIT group compared to before the training, but no significant decrease in DBP (MD = −0.75 mmHg, 95% CI [−1.92 to 0.42],p = 0.16,I2= 33%) was observed. In contrast, both SBP (MD = −3.00 mmHg, 95% CI [−5.31 to −0.69],p = 0.68,I2= 0%) and DBP (MD = −2.11 mmHg, 95% CI [−3.63 to −0.60],p = 0.72,I2= 0%) significantly decreased in the MICT group with low heterogeneity. No significant difference was found in resting SBP and DBP between SIT and MICT after the intervention. Both SIT and MICT significantly increased VO2peak, with SIT resulting in a mean difference (MD) of 1.75 mL/kg/min (95% CI [0.39–3.10],p = 0.02,I2= 61%), and MICT resulting in a mean difference of 3.10 mL/kg/min (95% CI [1.03–5.18],p = 0.007,I2= 69%). MICT was more effective in improving VO2peak (MD = −1.36 mL/kg/min, 95% CI [−2.31 to 0.40],p = 0.56,I2= 0%). Subgroup analysis of duration and single sprint time showed that SIT was more effective in reducing SBP when the duration was ≥8 weeks or when the sprint time was <30 s.ConclusionOur meta-analysis showed that SIT is an effective intervention in reducing BP and improving cardiorespiratory fitness among adults. Consequently, SIT can be used in combination with traditional MICT to increase the variety, utility, and time efficiency of exercise prescriptions for different populations.
The Dynamics of Oil Palm Plantations in East Kalimantan: A Case Study of 2010-2020
Authors: Yahya Zuhdi 
Published: March 2024

This inquire about investigates the ways that these desires are playing out within the oil palm plantation in East Kalimantan. Oil palm plantation are East Kalimantan's breakthrough to extend community economic development whereas diminishing the region’s reliance on natural resources. This investigate employments a qualitative descriptive analysis method from primary data gotten through literature studies and focus group discussions. We discover that oil palm plantation postures genuine deforestation challenges to the concept of green development, as 44% of arrive apportioned for plantations is still forested. At the same time, there may be openings to dodge deforestation and seek after more feasible oil palm improvment pathways, as 87% of concessions have however to be planted. The improvement of oil palm plantations is supported by few government regulations, in spite of the fact that their usage within the districts makes different impediments.
Effects of Multiple Batches of Stripped Eggs on the Reproductive Performances of Heterobranchus longifilis
Authors: Otoh, A. J.  , Okoko, A. C.  , Ekanem, I. E.  , George, U. U.  , Asangusung, P. S.  
Published: March 2024

Studying the effects of multiple batches of stripped eggs contributes to the sustainability and viability of aquaculture practices by improving our understanding of reproductive performance and informing best practices in breeding programs, hence, the need to investigate on the effects of multiple batches of stripped egg on reproductive performances of Heterobranchus logifilis became necessary. The aim was to provide valuable information for decision-making processes in aquaculture operations. Nine brood stocks of H. longifilis (6 male & 3 female) with average body weight of 2.3 kg and average length of 64.2 cm where carefully selected for the study. Six matured males were sacrificed for the removal of testis without hormonal inducements. The milt collected from the six males were pulled together and divided into twelve portions each diluted with 2ml of normal saline solution. Three female brood stocks where separately induced at single dosage of 0.5ml/kg body weight and allowed for a period of 10 hours before stripping. Stripping of eggs from each brood stock where in four batches, each batch measured 50g and labeled A, B, C & D. 3g of eggs containing approximately 2000 oocytes (eggs) where measured out from each batch and mixed with the diluted milt and incubated in a 2 x 1 x 10cm3 of water in a concrete pond at temperature of 26oC in three replicates. The result revealed that the reproductive performances considered in this study decreased as the batches of stripped eggs increased from 1- 4 batches. The first batch of stripped eggs produced 90.17 ± 0.44%, 97.78±0.86%, 89.48 ±1.08% fertilization, hatchability and survival respectively, while the least batch of stripped eggs (batch 4) produced the least value of fertilization (5.83 ± 1.69%); 45.00±4.90% hatchability and survival value of 5.59 ± 0.61%. Sequel to the findings of the present study, the least batch of stripped eggs should be avoided for use in fertilization since the unhatched or dead eggs has some detrimental effects on the fertilized eggs including fry at the hatchery level.
Characterizing the Agro-morphological Diversity of Corchorus olitorius L. Accessions in Botswana
Authors: Pholoma Senewa Bobby , Malambane Goitseone , Adjetey Joseph , Tshwenyane Seoleseng , Haki Gulelat 
Published: March 2024

Aim: To evaluate the genetic diversity of the local and exotic accessions of this important crop.
Study Design: The experiment was laid in a Random Complete Block Design (RCBD).
Place and Duration of the Study: The pot experiment was carried in a greenhouse at the Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, BUAN, Botswana. Study was conducted during January - May 2022.
Methodology: The 49 accessions were planted in plastic bags in replications -. In each pot four seeds were sown and after emergence thinned to two plants per pot. The morphological characteristics were measured and recorded based on quantitative and qualitative traits following the International Board of Plant Genetic Resources (IPBGR) descriptors for Corchorus spp.
Results: Results from the analysis of variance, simple correlation and multivariate analysis demonstrated high variation among the studied accessions. Accessions such as Bafia, Aziga, ExCameroon, Local big leaves, TOT6684, MLJM4, MLJM5, SUD2, SUD3 had the highest fresh leaf biomass compared to other accessions and could be used as potential parental lines for improvement in leaf yield. Amongst the studied accessions, Delele2, Delele3, Panda and Panda1 (all from Botswana) had few numbers of days to 50% flowering, therefore can be selected for early maturity, a mechanism that most of plants used to escape the abiotic stress. Significant correlation between the leaf yield and related attributes indicated the potential accessions to use for foliage yield improvement. The principal component analysis results revealed that variations in the accessions and the cluster analysis grouped the accessions based on similarities of the morphological characters and to limited extent on their geographical origin.
Conclusions: Significant variations were found among all the accessions used in this experiment for the studied morphological characters indicating the extent of genetic variability present among them. Irrespective of origins, more diversity was observed for all the traits in the studied accessions.
Constraints of Student Ready Programme in State Agricultural Universities
Authors: Arundhathi CH. , Ganesamoorthi S. , Shivalingaiah Y. N. , Latha H. S. , Kumar T. L. Mohan 
Published: March 2024

The study was conducted in state agricultural universities of Karnataka, Telangana, Tamil Nadu and Kerala states during 2021-2022 to analyze the problems faced by undergraduate agricultural students undergone student READY programme. Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE), Agro-Industrial Attachment (AIA), Experiential Learning/Hands on Training, Project Reports are the components offered in the selected universities as a part of student READY programme. A total of 160 respondents (40 per university) were selected by using simple random sampling. Mailed questionnaires were used to collect data and appropriate statistical tools i.e. frequency and percentage were applied to analyze the data. The major constraints faced by students are lack of proper accommodation in RAWE villages, lack of transport facilities in RAWE villages, lack of farmer cooperation, inadequate stipend to meet the basic needs and lacking practical exposure during online classes. This research will help to modify the components that offered under student READY programme.
Effect of Different Crop Establishment Methods and Organic Sources of Nutrients on Finger Millet in South Eastern Ghat Zone of Odisha, India
Authors: Das Himangshu , Sial Parshuram , Dash Samir Ranjan , Dalei Bibhuti Bhusan , Behera Tanmaya Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Organic agriculture appears to be a way to maintain desired crop production in future. In terms of nutrients, organic farming practices vary with the availability of local resources of manures and its quantity needs to be identified to meet the nutritional needs of finger millet. So, a field experiment was conducted at Regional Research and Technology Transfer Sub-Station (OUAT), Malkangiri, Odisha during rainy season of 2019-2021 to find out the effect of organic nutrient sources on yield and economics of finger millet under different establishment methods. Three crop establishment methods (line sowing, transplanting and broadcasting) and six different organic sources of nutrients (FYM @ 5 t ha-1, VC @ 2 t ha-1, FYM @ 2.5 t ha-1 + VC @ 1 t ha-1, Compost prepared by Waste decomposer @ 5 t ha-1, FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + Bio NPK @ 5 kg ha-1 and Gliricidia leaf manure @ 2.5 t ha-1) were laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The recorded data revealed that significantly highest number of tillers (2.55 hill-1), fingers (5.52 ear head-1), finger length (6.53 cm) along with highest yield (1259 kg ha-1), net return (Rs. 14709 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.48) were obtained with transplanted condition. Growth and yield attributes of finger millet was significantly varied by application of different organic sources of nutrients and it was observed that application of FYM @ 2.5 t ha-1 + VC @ 1 t ha-1 recorded highest number of tillers (2.52 hill-1), fingers (5.76 ear head-1), finger length (6.72 cm) and grain yield (1327 kg ha-1) followed by application of FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + Bio NPK @ 5 kg ha-1and both were statistically at par in respect to all above parameters. But, highest net return (Rs. 18923 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.65) was obtained with the application of FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + Bio NPK @ 5 kg ha-1. So, transplanting of finger millet with the application of FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + Bio NPK @ 5 kg ha-1 should be recommended for the studied region as organic nutrient management.
ENTRE MEMÓRIAS E COSMOGONIAS ANDINAS
Authors: Costa dos Santos Jirlaine , Pereira de Souza Carla Dameane 
Published: March 2024

O Peru foi palco de inúmeros episódios de violência entre os anos de 1980 e 2000, período posteriormente denominado como Conflito Armado Interno (CAI). Esses acontecimentos marcaram profundamente a história do país e consequentemente a vida daqueles que foram vítimas de seus efeitos. Famílias foram devastadas, houve mortes em grande escala. Órfãos, viúvas e mulheres violentadas e muitos jovens sequestrados e assassinados. O CAI, que resultou em diversas mortes, sequestros e desaparecimento de pessoas é tema presente em diversas produções artísticas peruanas na atualidade. As experiências traumáticas sofridas pelos povos andinos, em especial as mulheres, está apresentada no romance Rosa Cuchillo (1997), do escritor peruano Óscar Colchado Lucio, com o qual dialogaremos neste trabalho. Analisaremos como este autor revisita o contexto de violência peruano como também enaltece a cultura andina, e suas manifestações ancestrais. Sendo assim, neste artigo serão apresentados alguns aspectos formais e temáticos do romance Rosa Cuchillo, alguns deles frutos da pesquisa de mestrado[1] em que realizei a análise do romance, relacionando-o à ação cênica homônima desenvolvida pelo grupo cultural Yuyachkani. Para o presente trabalho, teremos como base teórica Rita Segato (2012), Rocío Silva Santisteban (2017), Walter Benjamin (1987), Carla Dameane Pereira de Souza (2017), Edith Pérez Orozco (2011).

[1] A pesquisa realizada durante o mestrado (2019) foi resultado da análise da tradução intersemiótica do romance Rosa Cuchillo, do escritor Óscar Colchado Lucio para a ação cênica homônima desenvolvida pelo grupo cultural Yuyachkani, em 2002. tendo o romance como base para a pesquisa, também relacionei ao estudo os testemunhos das mulheres da ANFASEP- Asociación Nacional de Familiares de Secuestrados, Detenidos y Desaparecido del Perú - afetadas pela violência interna, em especial o relato de Angélica Mendoza de Ascarza, a Mamá Angélica.
Boron Carbide, Boron Nitride, and Metal Borides
Authors: Greim Jochen , Schwetz Karl A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Boron Carbide1.1.Crystal Structure1.2.The Boron ‐ Carbon System1.3.Physical Properties1.4.Chemical Properties1.5.Production1.6.Uses1.7.Economic Aspects2.Boron Nitride2.1.Properties2.2.Production2.3.Uses3.Metal Borides3.1.Properties3.2.Production3.3.Uses
Fatty Acids
Authors: Anneken David J. , Both Sabine , Christoph Ralf , Fieg Georg , Steinberner Udo , Westfechtel Alfred 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Properties2.1.Physical Properties2.2.Chemical Properties3.Production of Natural Fatty Acids3.1.Resources and Raw Materials3.2.Fat Splitting3.2.1.Hydrolysis – Principles3.2.2.Hydrolysis – Industrial Procedure3.2.3.Hydrolysis – Enzymatic Processes3.3.Separation of Fatty Acids3.3.1.Distillation3.3.2.Crystallization3.4.Modification of Fatty Acids3.4.1.Hydrogenation3.4.2.Double Bond Isomerization3.4.3.Dehydration3.4.4.Dimerization3.4.5.Ozonolysis3.4.6.Thermal Decomposition3.4.7.Bio‐Oxidation of Fatty Acids3.4.8.Enzymatic Esterification4.Production of Synthetic Fatty Acids4.1.Hydroformylation4.2.Hydrocarboxylation4.3.Other Commercial and Noncommercial Processes5.Analysis6.Storage and Transportation7.Environmental Protection, Toxicology and Occupational Health8.Uses9.References
Fatty Alcohols
Authors: Noweck Klaus , Grafahrend Wolfgang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Saturated Fatty Alcohols2.1.Physical Properties2.2.Chemical Properties2.3.Production from Natural Sources2.3.1.Hydrolysis of Wax Esters2.3.2.Reduction of Wax Esters with Sodium2.3.3.Hydrogenation of Natural Raw Materials2.3.3.1.Raw Materials and Pretreatment2.3.3.2.Hydrogenation Processes2.4.Synthesis from Petrochemical Feedstocks2.4.1.Ziegler Alcohol Processes2.4.2.Oxo Process2.4.3.Hydrogenation of Fatty Acids produced by Oxidation of Paraffinic Hydrocarbons2.4.4.Bashkirov Oxidation2.4.5.Other Processes2.5.Uses3.Unsaturated Fatty Alcohols4.Guerbet Alcohols5.Bifunctional Fatty Alcohols6.Quality Specifications7.Storage and Transportation8.Economic Aspects9.Ecotoxicology and Toxicology9.1.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Aspects9.2.Toxicology
Petroleum Coke
Authors: Predel Heinrich 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Physical and Chemical Properties

3.

Production

3.1.

Production Processes

3.1.1.

Delayed Coking

3.1.2.

Fluid Coking

3.1.3.

Flexicoking

3.2.

Calcination

3.2.1.

Rotary Kiln Calciner

3.2.2.

Rotary Hearth Calciner

4.

Uses

4.1.

Green Petroleum Coke

4.2.

Calcined Petroleum Coke

5.

Quality Aspects

5.1.

Green Coke

5.2.

Regular Calcinate

5.3.

Needle Coke

6.

Environmental and Safety Aspects

6.1.

Green Coke

6.2.

Calcined Petroleum Coke

The petroleum coke production started about 80 years ago and will reach the 100 × 10
6
‐t/a level in the next years. The yearly increase rates are up to 10%.

Characteristics, localization, and production methods including the Delayed Coker process of petroleum coke are shown. The world market profile for petroleum coke is presented, and the amount and prices of the petroleum coke species, “green coke”, “regular calcinate”, and “needle coke” are given. Particular interesting is the production process of green coke, which is increasingly used in power generation, and the production of metallurgical coke for steel processes (blast furnace). The use of regular calcinate for the carbon anode in the aluminium production stagnates because of the impetuous development of the aluminium recycling. Likewise, the needle coke has only marginal increase for the production of graphite electrodes used in electric‐arc furnaces by steel processes. The reason is the rapidly reduced consumption of electrodes/t steel due to process modifications.
The environmental and safety aspects are addressed and the available results are shown.
Sonochemistry
Authors: Peuker Urs A. , Hoffmann Ulrich , Wietelmann Ulrich , Bandelin Stefan , Jung Rainer 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Fundamentals of Ultrasound

2.1.

Ultrasound in Liquids

2.2.

Cavitation

2.2.1.

Bubble Behavior in Acoustic Fields

2.2.2.

Cavitation Thresholds

2.2.3.

Parameters Influencing Cavitation

2.3.

Nonlinear Effects

2.3.1.

Bubble Collapse near Boundaries

2.3.2.

Finite Amplitude Waves and Shock Waves

2.3.3.

Streaming

2.3.4.

Radiation Forces

2.3.5.

Bjerknes Forces

2.3.6.

Forces on Small Particles

2.4.

Sonochemical Effects

2.4.1.

Hot‐Spot Theory

2.4.2.

Shock Wave Theory

2.4.3.

Supercritical Water Theory

2.4.4.

Charge Theory

2.4.5.

Promotion of Single Electron Transfer

2.4.6.

Cleaning

2.4.7.

Mechanical Activation

2.4.8.

Enhanced Mass and Heat Transfer

3.

Heterogeneous Systems

3.1.

Solid ‐ Fluid Reactions

3.1.1.

Noncatalytic Reactions

3.1.2.

Catalytic Reactions

3.1.3.

Precipitation and Crystallization

3.1.4.

Atomization

3.1.5.

Disaggregation – Comminution

3.1.6.

Cell Disruption

3.2.

Ultrasonic Extraction

3.3.

Liquid ‐ Liquid Reactions

3.3.1.

Emulsification

3.4.

Phase‐Transfer Catalysis

3.5.

Sonoelectrochemistry

4.

Homogeneous Systems

4.1.

Aqueous Liquids

4.2.

Nonaqueous Liquids

4.3.

Polymers and Macromolecules

4.4.

Sonoluminescence

5.

Equipment

5.1.

Transducer Technology

5.2.

Reactors for Sonochemical Reactions

5.2.1.

Laboratory Equipment

5.2.2.

Large‐Scale Equipment

5.3.

Mapping of Sonochemical Reactors

5.3.1.

Hydrophone

5.3.2.

Thermocouples

5.3.3.

Optical Methods – Bubble Dynamics

5.3.4.

The Weissler Reaction

Applications of ultrasound in processing and synthesis are widespread and offer unusual and beneficial operating conditions. Two major principles are used in sonochemistry or sonoprocessing: a) mechanical effects for mixing and disintegration and b) high energy processes for radical reactions. The fundamentals in ultrasound and the parameters influencing cavitation are explained.
In heterogenous systems, ultrasound is used in noncatalytic and catalytic reactions, biological applications, crystallization, emulsification, atomization, extraction, electroplating, phase‐transfer catalysis. In homogeneous systems, applications of ultrasound include the preparation and degradation of polymers and macromolecules.
Mapping of sonochemical reactors can be achieved with several measuring systems and provides an essential knowledge about intensity distribution of the pressure field within the reactor volume.