bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of causal association between the socio-economic status and osteoporosis and fractures: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study in European population
Authors: Duan Jia-Yue , You Rui-Xuan , Zhou Yong , Xu Feng , Lin Xiao , Shan Su-Kang , Zheng Ming-Hui , Lei Li-Min , Li Fu-Xing-Zi , Guo Bei , Wu Yun-Yun , Chen Xi , Tang Ke-Xin , Cao Ye-Chi , Wu Yan-Lin , He Si-Yang , Xiao Rong , Yuan Ling-Qing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The correlation between socio-economic status (SES) and bone-related diseases garners increasing attention, prompting a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in this study. Genetic data on SES indicators (average total household income before tax, years of schooling completed, and Townsend Deprivation Index at recruitment), femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD), heel bone mineral density (eBMD), osteoporosis, and five different sites of fractures (spine, femur, lower leg-ankle, foot, and wrist-hand fractures) were derived from genome-wide association summary statistics of European ancestry. The inverse variance weighted method was employed to obtain the causal estimates, complemented by alternative MR techniques, including MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO). Furthermore, sensitivity analyses and multivariable MR were performed to enhance the robustness of our findings. Higher educational attainment exhibited associations with increased eBMD (β: .06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.10, P = 7.24 × 10−3), and reduced risks of osteoporosis (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65–0.94, P = 8.49 × 10−3), spine fracture (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.66–0.88, P = 2.94 × 10−4), femur fracture (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.67–0.91, P = 1.33 × 10−3), lower leg-ankle fracture (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70–0.88, P = 2.05 × 10−5), foot fracture (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66–0.93, P = 5.92 × 10−3), and wrist-hand fracture (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73–0.95, P = 7.15 × 10−3). Material deprivation appeared to increase the risk of spine fracture (OR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.43–4.85, P = 1.91 × 10−3). A higher FN-BMD level positively affected increased household income (β: .03, 95% CI: 0.01–0.04, P = 6.78 × 10−3). All these estimates were adjusted for body mass index, type 2 diabetes, smoking initiation, and frequency of alcohol intake. The MR analyses show that higher educational levels is associated with higher eBMD, reduced risk of osteoporosis and fractures, while material deprivation is positively related to spine fracture. Enhanced FN-BMD correlates with increased household income. These findings provide valuable insights for health guideline formulation and policy development.
The effect of environmental variation on the relationship between survival and risk-taking behaviour in a migratory songbird
Authors: Krenhardt Katalin , Martínez-Padilla Jesús , Canal David , Jablonszky Mónika , Hegyi Gergely , Herényi Márton , Laczi Miklós , Markó Gábor , Nagy Gergely , Rosivall Balázs , Szász Eszter , Szöllősi Eszter , Török János , Vaskuti Éva , Zsebők Sándor , Garamszegi László Zsolt 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Temporal changes in environmental conditions may play a major role in the year-to-year variation in fitness consequences of behaviours. Identifying environmental drivers of such variation is crucial to understand the evolutionary trajectories of behaviours in natural contexts. However, our understanding of how environmental variation influences behaviours in the wild remains limited. Using data collected over 14 breeding seasons from a collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) population, we examined the effect of environmental variation on the relationship between survival and risk-taking behaviour, a highly variable behavioural trait with great evolutionary and ecological significance. Specifically, using annual recapture probability as a proxy of survival, we evaluated the specific effect of predation pressure, food availability, and mean temperature on the relationship between annual recapture probability and risk-taking behaviour (measured as flight initiation distance [FID]). We found a negative trend, as the relationship between annual recapture probability and FID decreased over the study years and changed from positive to negative. Specifically, in the early years of the study, risk-avoiding individuals exhibited a higher annual recapture probability, whereas in the later years, risk-avoiders had a lower annual recapture probability. However, we did not find evidence that any of the considered environmental factors mediated the variation in the relationship between survival and risk-taking behaviour.
Missing history of a modern domesticate: Historical demographics and genetic diversity in farm-bred red fox populations
Authors: Rando Halie M , Alexander Emmarie P , Preckler-Quisquater Sophie , Quinn Cate B , Stutchman Jeremy T , Johnson Jennifer L , Bastounes Estelle R , Horecka Beata , Black Kristina L , Robson Michael P , Shepeleva Darya V , Herbeck Yury E , Kharlamova Anastasiya V , Trut Lyudmila N , Pauli Jonathan N , Sacks Benjamin N , Kukekova Anna V 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe first record of captive-bred red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) dates to 1896 when a breeding enterprise emerged in the provinces of Atlantic Canada. Because its domestication happened during recent history, the red fox offers a unique opportunity to examine the genetic diversity of an emerging domesticated species in the context of documented historical and economic influences. In particular, the historical record suggests that North American and Eurasian farm-bred populations likely experienced different demographic trajectories. Here, we focus on the likely impacts of founder effects and genetic drift given historical trends in fox farming on North American and Eurasian farms. A total of 15 mitochondrial haplotypes were identified in 369 foxes from 10 farm populations that we genotyped (n = 161) or that were previously published. All haplotypes are endemic to North America. Although most haplotypes were consistent with eastern Canadian ancestry, a small number of foxes carried haplotypes typically found in Alaska and other regions of western North America. The presence of these haplotypes supports historical reports of wild foxes outside of Atlantic Canada being introduced into the breeding stock. These putative Alaskan and Western haplotypes were more frequently identified in Eurasian farms compared to North American farms, consistent with historical documentation suggesting that Eurasian economic and breeding practices were likely to maintain low-frequency haplotypes more effectively than in North America. Contextualizing inter- vs. intra-farm genetic diversity alongside the historical record is critical to understanding the origins of this emerging domesticate and the relationships between wild and farm-bred fox populations.
Empirically derived profiles of neurocognitive functioning in youth and young adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Ellison Vinkrya , Berlin Kristoffer S , Longoria Jennifer , Potter Brian , Raches Darcy , Hankins Jane S , Takemoto Clifford , Heitzer Andrew M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder associated with neurocognitive deficits. In contrast to variable-centered approaches, no known research has utilized person-centered strategies to identify multidimensional patterns of neurocognitive functioning of an individual with SCD. The purpose of the present study was to create empirically derived profiles and identify predictors of neurocognitive functioning subgroups among youth and young adults with SCD.

Methods
Individuals with SCD (N = 393, mean age 14.05 years, age range 8–24, 50.4% female/49.6% male) completed neurocognitive assessments. Latent profile analysis derived subgroups/classes of neurocognitive functioning and determined relations with demographic and medical variables.

Results
Three latent classes emerged: average functioning (n = 102, 27%), low average functioning (n = 225, 60%), and exceptionally low functioning (n = 46, 12%). Older age was associated with membership in the low average and exceptionally low functioning groups (relative to the average group). Being prescribed hydroxyurea was associated with membership in the average functioning group (relative to the low average group) and absence of hydroxyurea use was associated with membership in the exceptionally low group (relative to the low average group). Lower social vulnerability was associated with membership in the average functioning group compared to the low average and exceptionally low groups.

Conclusions
Clinicians can help reduce disparities in cognitive development for individuals with SCD by promoting early treatment with hydroxyurea and implementing methods to reduce social vulnerabilities that can interfere with access to evidence-based care.
The genus Ranunculus L. (Ranunculus) in Asia: a review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmaceutical preparations
Authors: Dai Yun-Lei , Liu Qing-Zhi , Wang Jian , Sun Meng , Niu Feng-Jv , Wei Hao-Cheng , Zhou Chang-Zheng , Zhang Li 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Ranunculus L. genus contains 413 species, and it is the biggest genus in the family Ranunculaceae Juss. This review is to provide botanical characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmaceutical preparations of the genus Ranunculus.

Key findings
The genus Ranunculus contains flavonoids, organic acids, coumarins, lactones, glycosides, sterols, polysaccharides, and trace elements. These chemical constituents complement the pharmacological actions and work together to exert anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitubercular, antibacterial, antimalarial, etc. Those traditional Chinese medicine characteristics, like clearing away heat and detoxification, make this genus significant in ethnic medicine. The progress in research and the development of various pharmaceutical preparations made it appear in epidemiological and clinical studies.

Summary
The genus Ranunculus has attracted the attention of experts and scholars in many fields due to its unique advantages. However, there are many species that are not scientifically investigated. The toxicity issues are also a huge concern. Fortunately, the toxicity can be overcome via special processes like drying or heating and by choosing a safe extraction solvent, such as water thus ensuring the safety of medication. Pharmaceutical preparations containing the plants from Ranunculus have gratifying clinical value, but they are not promoted sufficiently. Therefore, further research should be carried out to promote the genus for its health benefits to humans.
Dexmedetomidine affects the NOX4/Nrf2 pathway to improve renal antioxidant capacity
Authors: Yang Haotian , Chen Yongping , Wang Zhiqiang , Huang Yuxiang , Ma Zhigang , Zou Yue , Dong Jiaqiang , Zhang Hong , Huo Mingdong , Lv Mingzhe , Liu Xuesong , Zhang Guohua , Wang Shuang , Yang Kun , Zhong Peng , Jiang Botao , Kou Yuhong , Chen Zhifeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The study aimed to investigate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on renal injury caused by acute stress in rats and explore the protective pathways of DEX on rat kidneys in terms of oxidative stress.

Methods
An acute restraint stress model was utilized, where rats were restrained for 3 hours after a 15-minute swim. Biochemical tests and histopathological sections were conducted to evaluate renal function, along with the measurement of oxidative stress and related pathway proteins.

Key findings
The open-field experiments validated the successful establishment of the acute stress model. Acute stress-induced renal injury led to increased NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) protein expression and decreased expression levels of nuclear transcription factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Following DEX treatment, there was a significant reduction in renal NOX4 expression. The DEX-treated group exhibited normalized renal biochemical results and less damage observed in pathological sections compared to the acute stress group.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that DEX treatment during acute stress can impact the NOX4/Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway and inhibit oxidative stress, thereby preventing acute stress-induced kidney injury. Additionally, DEX shows promise for clinical applications in stress syndromes.
Severe traumatic atlantoaxial dislocation and type III odontoid fracture treated with occipitocervical fixation: a case report
Authors: Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus , Junus Eufrata Silvestris , Awyono Steven , Japardi Denny , Lauren Christopher 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The combination of atlantoaxial joint dislocation accompanied by an odontoid process fracture is exceptionally rare, with only a few cases reported. The estimated frequency of these cases is &lt; 2% of all upper cervical spine injuries. In this report, the authors describe an unusual case of traumatic atlantoaxial dislocation with a type III odontoid fracture in a 44-year-old male patient. Before the diagnosis, the patient had a history of seeking a masseur for a neck massage. Subsequently, the patient underwent occipitocervical stabilization to address the underlying condition. This procedure aims to treat the instability between the skull and cervical spine and should be considered in the treatment planning if the patient’s anatomy suits it.
Hooks & Bends in the radial acceleration relation: discriminatory tests for dark matter and MOND
Authors: Mercado Francisco J , Bullock James S , Moreno Jorge , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Hopkins Philip F , Wetzel Andrew , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Samuel Jenna 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
The radial acceleration relation (RAR) connects the total gravitational acceleration of a galaxy at a given radius, atot(r), with that accounted for by baryons at the same radius, abar(r). The shape and tightness of the RAR for rotationally-supported galaxies have characteristics in line with MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and can also arise within the cosmological constant + cold dark matter (ΛCDM) paradigm. We use zoom simulations of 20 galaxies with stellar masses of M⋆ ≃ 107–11 M⊙ to study the RAR in the FIRE-2 simulations. We highlight the existence of simulated galaxies with non-monotonic RAR tracks that ‘hook’ down from the average relation. These hooks are challenging to explain in Modified Inertia theories of MOND, but naturally arise in all of our ΛCDM-simulated galaxies that are dark-matter dominated at small radii and have feedback-induced cores in their dark matter haloes. We show, analytically and numerically, that downward hooks are expected in such cored haloes because they have non-monotonic acceleration profiles. We also extend the relation to accelerations below those traced by disc galaxy rotation curves. In this regime, our simulations exhibit ‘bends’ off of the MOND-inspired extrapolation of the RAR, which, at large radii, approach atot ≈ abar/fb, where fb is the cosmic baryon fraction. Future efforts to search for these hooks and bends in real galaxies will provide interesting tests for MOND and ΛCDM.
A novel transient receptor potential C3/C6 selective activator induces the cellular uptake of antisense oligonucleotides
Authors: Kohashi Hiroto , Nagata Ryu , Tamenori Yusuke , Amatani Tomorrow , Ueda Yoshifumi , Mori Yasuo , Kasahara Yuuya , Obika Satoshi , Shimojo Masahito 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapy is a novel therapeutic approach in which ASO specifically binds target mRNA, resulting in mRNA degradation; however, cellular uptake of ASOs remains critically low, warranting improvement. Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels regulate Ca2+ influx and are activated upon stimulation by phospholipase C-generated diacylglycerol. Herein, we report that a novel TRPC3/C6/C7 activator, L687, can induce cellular ASO uptake. L687-induced ASO uptake was enhanced in a dose- and incubation-time-dependent manner. L687 enhanced the knockdown activity of various ASOs both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, suppression of TRPC3/C6 by specific siRNAs reduced ASO uptake in A549 cells. Application of BAPTA-AM, a Ca2+ chelator, and SKF96365, a TRPC3/C6 inhibitor, suppressed Ca2+ influx via TRPC3/C6, resulting in reduced ASO uptake, thereby suggesting that Ca2+ influx via TRPC3/C6 is critical for L687-mediated increased ASO uptake. L687 also induced dextran uptake, indicating that L687 increased endocytosis. Adding ASO to L687 resulted in endosome accumulation; however, the endosomal membrane disruptor UNC7938 facilitated endosomal escape and enhanced knockdown activity. We discovered a new function for TRPC activators regarding ASO trafficking in target cells. Our findings provide an opportunity to formulate an innovative drug delivery system for the therapeutic development of ASO.
Nutritional strategies to reduce intestinal cell apoptosis by alleviating oxidative stress
Authors: Li Baofeng , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhang Qianzi , Zheng Tenghui , Li Qihui , Yang Siwang , Shao Jiayuan , Guan Wutai , Zhang Shihai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The gut barrier is the first line of defense against harmful substances and pathogens in the intestinal tract. The balance of proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and its function. However, oxidative stress and inflammation can cause DNA damage and abnormal apoptosis of the IECs, leading to the disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier. This, in turn, can directly or indirectly cause various acute and chronic intestinal diseases. In recent years, there has been a growing understanding of the vital role of dietary ingredients in gut health. Studies have shown that certain amino acids, fibers, vitamins, and polyphenols in the diet can protect IECs from excessive apoptosis caused by oxidative stress, and limit intestinal inflammation. This review aims to describe the molecular mechanism of apoptosis and its relationship with intestinal function, and to discuss the modulation of IECs' physiological function, the intestinal epithelial barrier, and gut health by various nutrients. The findings of this review may provide a theoretical basis for the use of nutritional interventions in clinical intestinal disease research and animal production, ultimately leading to improved human and animal intestinal health.
Case Series of People With HIV on the Long-Acting Combination of Lenacapavir and Cabotegravir: Call for a Trial
Authors: Gandhi Monica , Hill Lucas , Grochowski Janet , Nelson Alexander , Koss Catherine A , Mayorga-Munoz Francis , Oskarsson Jon , Shiels Mary , Avery Ann , Bamford Laura , Baron Jillian , Short William R , Hileman Corrilynn O 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Injectable cabotegravir (CAB)/rilpivirine (RPV) is the only combination long-acting (LA) antiretroviral regimen approved for HIV. RPV may not be effective among individuals with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance, which has &gt;10% prevalence in many countries. Lenacapavir (LEN) is an LA capsid inhibitor given every 6 months, but has not been studied in combination with other LA agents.

Methods
We assembled a case series from 4 US academic medical centers where patients with adherence challenges were prescribed LEN subcutaneously every 26 weeks/CAB (+/− RPV) intramuscularly every 4 or 8 weeks. Descriptive statistics, including viral load (VL) outcomes, were summarized.

Results
All patients (n = 34: 76% male; 24% cis/trans female; 41% Black; 38% Latino/a; median age [range], 47 [28–75] years; 29% and 71% on CAB every 4 or 8 weeks) reported challenges adhering to oral ART. The reasons for using LEN/CAB with or without RPV were documented or suspected NNRTI mutations (n = 21, 59%), integrase mutations (n = 5, 15%), high VL (n = 6, 18%), or continued viremia on CAB/RPV alone (n = 4, 12%). Injection site reactions on LA LEN were reported in 44% (32% grade I, 12% grade 2). All patients but 2 (32/34; 94%) were suppressed (VL &lt;75 copies/mL) after starting LEN at a median (range) of 8 (4–16) weeks, with 16/34 (47%) suppressed at baseline.

Conclusions
In this case series of 34 patients on LEN/CAB, high rates of virologic suppression (94%) were observed. Reasons for using LEN/CAB included adherence challenges and underlying resistance, mostly to NNRTIs. These data support a clinical trial of LEN/CAB among persons with NNRTI resistance.
Characterizing Ertapenem Neurotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Experience at a Tertiary Medical Center
Authors: Mitaka Hayato , Hasegawa Shinya , Lan Kristine F , Jain Rupali , Rakita Robert M , Pottinger Paul S 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ertapenem-induced neurotoxicity has not been well characterized and is potentially underreported. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and included 11 additional cases from the University of Washington Medicine health system. A total of 125 individual patient cases were included in the data analysis. The mean age was 72 years, and 62% and 42% of patients had renal dysfunction and preexisting central nervous system (CNS) conditions, respectively. Only 15% of patients received inappropriately high ertapenem dosing based on kidney function. Patients developed neurological signs and symptoms after a median of 4 days (interquartile range, 3–9 days). The most common clinical features were seizures (70%), altered level of consciousness or delirium (27%), and hallucinations (17%). An estimated incidence in our health system was 1 in 102 courses of ertapenem. Ertapenem neurotoxicity should be suspected when a patient with renal dysfunction or predisposing CNS conditions develops neurological signs and symptoms, especially within several days after initiating the antibiotic. This study underscores the need for a large prospective study to assess the true incidence and outcomes of ertapenem neurotoxicity.
Entomopathogenic nematodes as an effective and sustainable alternative to control the fall armyworm in Africa
Authors: Fallet Patrick , Bazagwira Didace , Ruzzante Livio , Ingabire Geraldine , Levivier Sacha , Bustos-Segura Carlos , Kajuga Joelle , Toepfer Stefan , Turlings Ted C J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The recent invasion of the fall armyworm (FAW), a voracious pest, into Africa and Asia has resulted in unprecedented increases in insecticide applications, especially in maize cultivation. The health and environmental hazards posed by these chemicals have prompted a call for alternative control practices. Entomopathogenic nematodes are highly lethal to the FAWs, but their application aboveground has been challenging. In this study, we report on season-long field trials with an innocuous biodegradable gel made from carboxymethyl cellulose containing local nematodes that we specifically developed to target the FAW. In several Rwandan maize fields with distinct climatic conditions and natural infestation rates, we compared armyworm presence and damage in control plots and plots that were treated with either our nematode gel formulation, a commercial liquid nematode formulation, or the commonly used contact insecticide cypermethrin. The treatments were applied to the whorl of each plant, which was repeated three to four times, at 2-week intervals, starting when the plants were still seedlings. Although all three treatments reduced leaf damage, only the gel formulation decreased caterpillar infestation by about 50% and yielded an additional ton of maize per hectare compared with untreated plots. Importantly, we believe that the use of nematodes can be cost-effective, since we used nematode doses across the whole season that were at least 3-fold lower than their normal application against belowground pests. The overall results imply that precisely formulated and easy-to-apply nematodes can be a highly effective, affordable, and sustainable alternative to insecticides for FAW control.