bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide‐mediated inhibition of NFκB regulates hyperthermia‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Aravindan Natarajan , Mohan Sumathy , Herman Terence S , Natarajan Mohan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAscertaining the upstream regulatory mechanisms of hyperthermia‐induced apoptosis is important to understand the role of hyperthermia in combined modality cancer therapy. Accordingly, we investigated whether (i) hyperthermia‐induced apoptosis is mediated through the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway and (ii) inhibition of post‐translational modification of IκBα and down regulation of NFκB‐DNA binding activity is an intermediate step in NO‐dependent apoptosis in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. For hyperthermia treatment, the cells were exposed to 43°C. Intracellular NO levels measured by the fluorescent intensity of DAF‐2A and iNOS expression by immunobloting revealed an increased level of iNOS dependent NO production after 43°C. Apoptosis measured by Annexin V expression and cell survival by clonogenic assay showed a 20% increase in apoptosis after 43°C treatments. EMSA analysis showed a dose‐dependent inhibition of NFκB‐DNA binding activity. The hyperthermia‐mediated inhibition of NFκB was persistent even after 48 h. Inhibition of NO by L‐NAME rescued the NFκB‐DNA binding activity and inhibits heat‐induced apoptosis. Similarly, over‐expression of NFκB by transient transfection inhibits heat‐induced apoptosis. These results demonstrate that apoptosis upon hyperthermia exposure of MCF‐7 cells is regulated by NO‐mediated suppression of NFκB. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 999–1009, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scanning electron microscopy applied to seed‐borne fungi examination
Authors: Alves Marcelo De Carvalho , Pozza Edson Ampélio 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the standard scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as a potential alternative to study seed‐borne fungi in seeds, by two different conditions of blotter test and water restriction treatment. In the blotter test, seeds were subjected to conditions that enabled pathogen growth and expression, whereas the water restriction method consisted in preventing seed germination during the incubation period, resulting in the artificial inoculation of fungi. In the first condition, seeds of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were submitted to the standard blotter test and then prepared and observed with SEM. In the second condition, seeds of cotton (G. hirsutum), soybean (Glycine max L.), and common bean (P. vulgaris L.) were, respectively, inoculated with Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides, Colletotrichum truncatum, and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum by the water restriction technique, followed by preparation and observation with SEM. The standard SEM methodology was adopted to prepare the specimens. Considering the seeds submitted to the blotter test, it was possible to identify Fusarium sp. on maize, C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides, and Fusarium oxysporum on cotton, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., and Mucor sp. on common bean. Structures of C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides, C. truncatum, and C. lindemuthianum were observed in the surface of inoculated seeds. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for bird‐like air sacs in saurischian dinosaurs
Authors: Wedel Mathew John 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAmong extant tetrapods, pneumatic postcranial bones are only present in birds, and they are osteological correlates of the diverticular lungs and pulmonary air sacs. The presence of postcranial pneumaticity in sauropod and theropod dinosaurs suggests that some form of air sac system was also present in the dinosaurian ancestors of birds. In particular, anatomical and evolutionary patterns of pneumatization in nonavian saurischian dinosaurs are diagnostic for specific air sacs, including the cervical, clavicular, and abdominal air sacs. Pneumatic hiatuses are gaps in the pneumatization of the vertebral column and indicate pneumatization from multiple sources. A pneumatic hiatus in Haplocanthosaurus provides additional support for the presence of abdominal air sacs in sauropods. The origins of postcranial pneumaticity in archosaurs are enigmatic because the earliest putative traces of pneumaticity are difficult to distinguish from skeletal imprints of other soft tissues. Nevertheless, several lines of evidence suggest that air sac‐driven lung ventilation was primitive for Saurischia. J. Exp. Zool. 311A:611–628, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Convergent signalling through Fgfr2 regulates divergent craniofacial morphogenesis
Authors: Veistinen Lotta , Åberg Thomas , Rice David P.C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2) has two splice variants IIIb and IIIc, which are unique in function and localization. Signalling through Fgfr2IIIb controls epithelial–mesenchymal interactions, which regulate morphogenesis during the development of several organs including the palate and tooth. In this study, we confirm that molar tooth development in Fgfr2IIIb−/− mice is arrested early in development and that the molar teeth of Fgf10−/− mice develop through all the normal stages of morphogenesis. We show that the molar phenotype of Fgfr2IIIb−/− mice is, in part, owing to reduced cell proliferation in both epithelial and mesenchymal compartments. We also show that the developing molar teeth of Fgf10−/− mice exhibit reduced cell proliferation. However, this reduction is not sufficient to arrest molar development.Recent evidence has indicated that Fgfr2IIIb/Fgf10 signalling is active in the calvaria in some pathological situations as heterozygous deletion of Fgfr2 exon IIIc in mice leads to ectopic expression of Fgfr2IIIb in the calvarial bones and causes craniosynostosis. Here, we investigate the mRNA expression of Fgfr2IIIb and Fgfr2IIIc as well as their ligands Fgf3, −7 and −10 in the developing murine tooth, palate and calvaria. We show that Fgf7 is expressed in the calvarial mesenchyme adjacent to the developing frontal bone and Fgf10 is expressed by osteoprogenitors in the developing frontal bone condensation. Taken together, we highlight the overlapping roles of Fgfr2IIIb/Fgf10 signalling in controlling epithelial–mesenchymal interactions during normal palate and tooth morphogenesis and how elevated signalling through Fgfr2IIIb/Fgf10 solely within the mesenchyme can result in abnormal calvarial morphogenesis. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:351–360, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calcium‐mediated differentiation of ameloblast lineage cells in vitro
Authors: Chen James , Zhang Yan , Mendoza Joseph , DenBesten Pamela 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCalcium is a key component of the mineralized enamel matrix, but may also have a role in ameloblast cell differentiation. In this study we used human ameloblast lineage cells to determine the effect of calcium on cell function. Primary human ameloblast lineage cells were isolated from human fetal tooth buds. Cells were treated with calcium ranging from 0.05 to –1.8 mM. Cell morphology was imaged by phase contrast microscopy, and amelogenin was immunolocalized. Proliferation of cells treated with calcium was measured by BrdU immunoassay. The effect of calcium on mRNA expression of amelogenin, Type 1 collagen, DSPP, amelotin, and KLK‐4 was compared by PCR analysis. Von Kossa staining was used to detect mineral formation after cells were pretreated with calcium. Calcium induced cell organization and clustering at 0.1 and 0.3 mM concentrations. Increasing concentrations of calcium significantly reduced ameloblast lineage cell proliferation. The addition of 0.1 mM calcium to the cultures upregulated expression of amelogenin, Type I collagen, and amelotin. After pretreatment with 0.3 mM calcium, the cells could form a mineralized matrix. These studies, which utilized human ameloblast lineage cells grown in vitro, showed that the addition of calcium at 0.1 and 0.3 mM, induced cell differentiation and upregulation of amelogenin Type I collagen and amelotin. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:458–464, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Repeated sequence homogenization between the control and pseudo‐control regions in the mitochondrial genomes of the subfamily Aquilinae
Authors: Cadahía Luis , Pinsker Wilhelm , Negro Juan José , Pavlicev Mihaela , Urios Vicente , Haring Elisabeth 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn birds, the noncoding control region (CR) and its flanking genes are the only parts of the mitochondrial (mt) genome that have been modified by intragenomic rearrangements. In raptors, two noncoding regions are present: the CR has shifted to a new position with respect to the “ancestral avian gene order,” whereas the pseudo‐control region (ΨCR) is located at the original genomic position of the CR. As possible mechanisms for this rearrangement, duplication and transposition have been considered. During characterization of the mt gene order in Bonelli's eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus, we detected intragenomic sequence similarity between the two regions supporting the duplication hypothesis. We performed intra‐ and intergenomic sequence comparisons in H. fasciatus and other falconiform species to trace the evolution of the noncoding mtDNA regions in Falconiformes. We identified sections displaying different levels of similarity between the CR and ΨCR. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, we outline an evolutionary scenario of the underlying mutation events involving duplication and homogenization processes followed by sporadic deletions. Apparently, homogenization may easily occur if sufficient sequence similarity between the CR and ΨCR exists. Moreover, homogenization itself allows perpetuation of this continued equalization, unless this process is stopped by deletion. The Pandionidae and the Aquilinae seem to be the only two lineages of Falconiformes where homology between both regionsis still detectable, whereas in other raptors no similarity was found so far. In these two lineages, the process of sequence degeneration may have slowed down by homogenization events retaining high sequence similarity at least in some sections. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:171–185, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental modularity and the marsupial–placental dichotomy
Authors: Goswami A. , Weisbecker V. , Sánchez‐Villagra M. R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe contrasting evolutionary histories of marsupial and placental mammals have often been attributed to their different reproductive strategies. The speciose placentals develop mainly in utero and have radiated into diverse niches, whereas marsupials are born in a highly altricial state with immediate functional requirements and are limited in taxonomic, ecological, and morphological diversity. These differences have been tied to heterochrony, and it has been hypothesized that coordinated shifts in developmental timing occur among functionally‐ or developmentally related structures, such as forelimbs in marsupials. We use new ossification sequence data for 11 marsupial and 14 placental species to assess the integration of first ossification timing among skeletal elements. Although cranial elements fail to demonstrate significant coordination, marsupials and placentals differ markedly in postcranial integration. Marsupials display independent anterior and posterior developmental modules, whereas placentals show significant integration of the entire appendicular skeleton. This developmental integration of the placental postcranium is consistent with a recent study of phenotypic modularity in limbs of placental mammals, showing a potential correspondence between integration of developmental timing and of shape. The observed differences in postcranial integration between marsupials and placentals may reflect the disparate evolutionary histories of these two mammalian clades. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:186–195, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IL‐1α secreted by colon cancer cells enhances angiogenesis: The relationship between IL‐1α release and tumor cells' potential for liver metastasis
Authors: Matsuo Yoichi , Sawai Hirozumi , Ma Jiachi , Xu Donghui , Ochi Nobuo , Yasuda Akira , Takahashi Hiroki , Funahashi Hitoshi , Takeyama Hiromitsu 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesInterleukin (IL)‐1α plays an important role in colon cancer progression and angiogenesis. We here asked whether IL‐1α derived from cancer cells modulates vascular endothelial cell growth, migration and tubule formation.MethodsThe existence of IL‐1α mRNA and protein in colon cancer cell lines (WiDr, HT‐29, Caco‐2, COLO 320) were investigated with RT‐PCR and ELISA. Proliferation and invasion were investigated by MTS assay and Matrigel‐double chamber assay. To answer our main question, we performed angiogenesis assay used an in vitro model consisting of co‐cultivated tumor cells and stromal cells.ResultsIL‐1α mRNA and protein were detected in highly metastatic colon cancer cells (WiDr and HT‐29). Recombinant IL‐1α significantly enhanced growth and invasiveness of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) (P < 0.01). Moreover, HUVEC growth and migration were significantly enhanced by WiDr compared to control (without co‐culture) or Caco‐2 (P < 0.05). Exogenous rIL‐1α significantly enhanced HUVEC tube‐like formation in a dose‐dependent manner (P < 0.01) in a HUVEC/fibroblast co‐cultivation system. Moreover, WiDr significantly enhanced HUVEC tubule formation compared with control or Caco‐2 (P < 0.01).ConclusionBased on these findings, we conclude that colon cancer cell‐derived IL‐1α up‐regulates angiogenesis by modulating stromal cells within the tumor cells' microenvironment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:361–367. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The spectroscopic and energy transfer characteristics of the rare earth ions used for silicate glass fibre lasers operating in the shortwave infrared
Authors: Jackson S.D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe continuing growth in the research and development of high power diode‐pumped fibre lasers relates to the exceptional thermal management provided by the extended geometry of the fibre and the small quantum defect associated with the 1 μm emitting Yb3+ ion. Lengthening the emission wavelength of diode‐pumped fibre lasers further into the infrared is important for many applications ranging from medicine to defence; however, extending the emission wavelength remains a challenge. This review will examine in detail the spectroscopy and the energy transfer processes that impact Tm3+‐doped and Ho3+‐doped silicate glasses that are used for fibre lasers in the 1.9 μm to 2.1 μm region of the shortwave infrared spectrum. We will explore a number of important applications that function in the shortwave infrared region that will benefit from using these light sources and I will suggest the reasons for choosing silicate glass over other glasses as the host material for this wavelength range.
The effect of choice complexity on perception of time spent choosing: When choice takes longer but feels shorter
Authors: Fasolo Barbara , Carmeci Floriana A. , Misuraca Raffaella 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTwo studies examine the effect of the complexity of the choice environment on the perceived duration of the time spent choosing. The experiments demonstrate that the estimation of the time spent making a decision is affected by the number of options available in the choice set. In Experiment 1, participants having to choose 1 of 24 mobile phones tended to underestimate the time spent whereas participants confronted with the choice of 6 mobile phones tended to overestimate the actual time spent. Experiment 2 corroborates this finding, in the presence of varying degrees of attribute correlation. We conclude with theoretical and practical implications for marketers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymorphisms at p53, p73, and MDM2 loci modulate the risk of tobacco associated leukoplakia and oral cancer
Authors: Misra Chaitali , Majumder Mousumi , Bajaj Swati , Ghosh Saurabh , Roy Bidyut , Roychoudhury Susanta 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPolymorphisms at loci controlling cellular processes such as cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis may modulate the risk of cancer. We examined the association of two linked polymorphisms (G4C14–A4T14) at p73 and one polymorphism (309G > T) at MDM2 promoter with the risk of leukoplakia and oral cancer. The p73 and MDM2 genotypes were determined in 197 leukoplakia patients, 310 oral cancer patients and in 348 healthy control subjects. The p73 GC/AT genotype increased the risk of leukoplakia (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1–2.3) and oral cancer (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.7–3.3) but the 309G > T MDM2 polymorphism independently could not modify the risk of any of the diseases. Stratification of the study population into subgroups with different tobacco habits showed that the risk of the oral cancer is not modified further for the individuals carrying p73 risk genotype. However, leukoplakia patients with smokeless tobacco habit showed increased risk with combined GC/AT and AT/AT (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.3–7.0) genotypes. A combined analysis was done with our previous published data on p53 codon 72 pro/arg polymorphism. Analysis of pair wise genotype combinations revealed increase in risk for specific p73‐MDM2 and p73‐p53 genotype combinations. Finally, the combined three loci analyses revealed that the presence of at least one risk allele at all three loci increases the risk of both leukoplakia and oral cancer. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oncogenic role of nuclear accumulated Aurora‐A
Authors: Tatsuka Masaaki , Sato Sunao , Kanda Akifumi , Miki Tomoharu , Kamata Nobuyuki , Kitajima Shojiro , Kudo Yasusei , Takata Takashi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAurora‐A, also known as Aik, BTAK, or STK15, is a centrosomal serine/threonine protein kinase, which is proto‐oncogenic and is overexpressed in a wide range of human cancers. Besides gene amplification and mRNA overexpression, proteolytic resistance mechanisms are thought to contribute to overexpression of Aurora‐A. However, it is not yet clear how overexpressed Aurora‐A affects the expression of transformed phenotype. Here, we found that nuclear accumulation of Aurora‐A was critical for transformation activity. Cellular protein fractionation experiments and immunoblot analysis demonstrated a predominance of Aurora‐A in the nuclear soluble fraction in head and neck cancer cells. Indirect immunofluorescence using confocal laser microscopy confirmed nuclear Aurora‐A in head and neck cancer cells, while most oral keratinocytes exhibited only centrosomal localization. The expression of nuclear export signal‐fused Aurora‐A demonstrated that the oncogenic transformation activity was lost on disruption of the nuclear localization. Thus, the cytoplasmic localization of overexpressed Aurora‐A previously demonstrated by immunohistochemical analysis is not likely to correspond to that in intact cancer cells. This study identifies an alternative mode of Aurora‐A overexpression in cancer, through nuclear rather than cytoplasmic functions. We suggest that substrates of Aurora‐A in the cell nuclear soluble fraction can represent a novel therapeutic target for cancer. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiobjective combinatorial optimization: some approaches
Authors: Köksalan Murat 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThere have been many developments in multiple criteria decision‐making (MCDM) during the last 50 years. Researchers from different areas have also recognized the multiple‐criteria nature of problems in their application areas and tried to address these issues. Unfortunately, there has not always been sufficient information flow between the researchers in the MCDM area and the researchers applying MCDM to their problems. More recently, multiobjective combinatorial optimization (MOCO) and multiobjective metaheuristic areas have been enjoying substantial developments. These problems are hard to solve. Many researchers addressed the problem of finding all nondominated solutions. This is a difficult task for MOCO problems. This difficulty limits many of the studies to concentrate on bicriteria problems. In this paper, I review some MCDM approaches that aim to find only the preferred solutions of the decision maker (DM). I argue that this is especially important for MOCO problems. I discuss several of our approaches that incorporate DM's preferences into the solution process of MOCO problems and argue that there is a need for more work to be done in this area. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aggregation of ordinal and cardinal preferences: a framework based on distance functions
Authors: González‐Pachón Jacinto , Romero Carlos 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this paper a collective choice function (CCF), formulated within a p‐metric distance function framework, is proposed as a generator of several compromise consensuses. Even though, the proposed CCF is not smooth, it is however demonstrated that it can be straightforwardly transformed into easily computable goal programming models. Finally, several cases of individual preferences aggregation are obtained by providing different interpretations of the CCF parameters: ordinal and complete information, ordinal and partial information and a cardinal case through ‘pairwise’ comparison matrices. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A pedicled muscle flap based solely on a neural pedicle
Authors: Avci Gulden , Akan Mithat , Akoz Tayfun , Kuzon William , Gul Aylin Ege 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that the intrinsic vascular plexus of the motor nerve could support viability in a rat hindlimb muscle flap. In a preliminary study, we examined the course and vascularity of the sciatic nerve, the peroneal nerve, and the peroneous longus muscle in the rat hindlimb via anatomic dissection, microangiography, and histologic study (n = 10 animals). On the basis of this examination, the peroneous longus muscle was chosen as our experimental model in this study. In 12 animals, the peroneus longus was acutely elevated, which severed all tendinous and vascular structures, this left the muscle pedicled on the motor nerve only (Group I). Animals in Group II underwent a staged elevation of the flap with division of the vascular pedicle, the tendon of insertion, and the tendon of origin during separate procedures that were 5 days apart (n = 12). Muscle viability was evaluated by gross inspection, measurement of muscle weight and length, nitroblue tetrazlium (NBT) staining, microangiography, and histology. NBT staining demonstrated that immediate elevation of the peroneus longus muscle flaps led to an average necrotic area of 80.6% ± 9.8% (Group I). A significant improvement in viability was observed for muscle flaps of animals in Group II, with peroneus longus muscle necrosis averaging 25.6% ± 9.3%. Microangiography demonstrated that the intrinsic vascularity of nerve was increased dramatically in Group II. These data support the hypothesis that the intrinsic vascular plexus of the motor nerve of a skeletal muscle can support at least partial viability of a muscle flap. However, this vascular axis is inadequate to support complete viability of a muscle flap if the flap is elevated immediately. If a staged elevation affects a surgical delay, the viability of a muscle flap elevated on a neural pedicle can be increased significantly. With adjustments in the delay procedure, this strategy may allow transfer of muscle flaps when maintenance or reconstitution of the primary vascular axis is not possible. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.