bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF ALTERATIONS IN ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION ON THE MOUSE UTERINE WEIGHT RESPONSE TO HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Hipkin L. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The activity of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in the mouse uterus assay depends on the secretion of endogenous gonadotrophin. This source of gonadotrophin is suppressed when the animals are starved or injected with toxic substances, and the response to HCG is therefore inhibited. There is good evidence that this is the mode of action of the urinary gonadotrophin inhibitor (GIM). Since it has been claimed that stress-induced inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion is related to alterations in adrenocortical function, the present investigation is concerned with the response to HCG in animals with experimental hyper- and hypoadrenocorticalism.
ACTH gel (300 mU) and a depot form of synthetic ACTH (15 μg) augmented the uterine weight response to HCG (0.5 IU). Normal responses were obtained in animals treated with HCG and either cortisol (300 μg), corticosterone (300 μg) or dehydroepiandrosterone (300 μg). Bilateral adrenalectomy produced similar effects to those previously described for GIM and stressful stimuli, namely, inhibition of HCG activity but no impairment of the responses to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), HCG given with FSH, or oestrone. It was thought that these results were produced by the metabolic and traumatic effects of the operation rather than by increased secretion of ACTH per se.
Cortisol, corticosterone and ACTH gel did not influence the effect of GIM on HCG activity in the mouse uterus assay.
The results suggest that suppression of endogenous gonadotrophin secretion following acute stress is not secondary to increased secretion of ACTH or hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex.
PLASMA AND URINARY ANDROGENS IN HIRSUTE WOMEN DURING ADRENAL AND OVARIAN SUPPRESSION
Authors: Aakvaag Asbjørn , Vogt Jørgen H. , Fylling Petter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma testosterone and urinary androsterone, aetiocholanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone have been estimated in hirsute women with oligoor amenorrhoea. The plasma testosterone in 21 hirsute patients was increased, i.e. 0.117 ± 0.004 (sem) μg/100 ml as compared with the value in normal women, 0.051 ± 0.004. One third of the patients had plasma testosterone values within normal limits. Normal women showed no significant variation throughout the menstrual cycle. Suppression of ovarian function with ethinyloestradiol, 0.60 mg daily for 6 days, reduced the plasma testosterone and urinary androsterone and aetiocholanolone by 27 and 28% respectively. The reduction was statistically significant at the 98 and 99.9% level. Dexamethasone treatment for 2 days with 2 mg daily resulted in a 75% reduction in androsterone and aetiocholanolone excretion and a 30% reduction in plasma testosterone. Combined treatment brought about a 46 and 74% reduction in plasma testosterone and urinary androgens respectively. Dexamethasone administration almost completely removed dehydroepiandrosterone from the urine, whereas a 38% increase in urinary excretion of this steroid was observed during oestrogen administration. This increase was not statistically significant.
TYROSINE AND FREE THYROXINE IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN THYROID DISEASE
Authors: Siersbæk-Nielsen K. , Hansen J. Mølholm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Tyrosine and free thyroxine in the CSF and in serum has been measured in 24 euthyroid patients, in 11 patients with thyrotoxicosis and in 4 patients suffering from myxoedema. The thyrotoxic patients had elevated tyrosine levels in the CSF and in the serum, but rise in tyrosine was greater in the CSF than in the serum and the mean ratio CSF tyrosine/serum tyrosine was significantly elevated as compared to the euthyroid group. In the hypothyroid group, in spite of decreased serum tyrosine values the CSF tyrosine was not decreased. Free thyroxine in the CSF was elevated in the thyrotoxic patients and decreased in the hypothyroid patients. In euthyroid, hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients an equilibrium was found between free thyroxine in the CSF and in the serum. No correlation was found within the groups between the individual values of tyrosine in the serum and in the CSF or between tyrosine and free thyroxine in the serum and in the CSF.
INHERITED DECREASE OF THE BINDING CAPACITY OF THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN (TBG)
Authors: Heinonen O. P. , Lamberg B.-A. , Virtamo J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A family with a decrease in the binding capacity of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) is described. The gene was probably transmitted by a female who married twice. Five subjects were considered TBG deficient, with TBG values ranging from 8.4 to 16.8 μg/100 ml. Of these subjects 2 were males and 3 females; the males had the lowest binding capacities. In addition, 1 male and 3 females had TBG values within the low normal range and were considered as possibly affected. The mode of inheritance could not be exactly defined but there were indications that it might be an autosomal dominant. The correlation of TBG to the protein-bound iodine in the serum (PBI), to the triiodothyronine uptake by Sephadex (T3-U), to the ratio between them (T3-U/PBI), and to the proportionate free thyroxine (PFT4) was strongly positive or negative. A gradual change in these variables from the affected to the unaffected subjects was observed. These correlations indicated that in normal subjects TBG is the most important factor governing the PBI and free thyroxine levels. In addition, a strong inverse and statistically significant correlation was observed between the binding capacity of TBG and that of the pre-albumin (TPBA). The difference between affected and unaffected subjects with regard to TPBA was also statistically significant.
GONADAL HISTOLOGY IN CHILDREN WITH MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM AND MIXED GONADAL DYSGENESIS
Authors: Salle B. , Hedinger Chr. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The authors studied the gonads of 20 children presenting different types of pseudohermaphroditism with the object of comparing the histological findings with those observed in cases of simple cryptorchidism. The picture seen in:
Miscellaneous male pseudohermaphroditism is identical to that of simple cryptorchidism. The feminizing testicular syndrome shows a distinct difference from that seen in the undescended testis of children of the same age. There is proliferation of spindle cells resembling ovarian stroma, but with no follicular derivatives. After puberty there is a discrepancy between the presence of large groups of Leydig cells and an immaturity of the seminiferous tubules. The testicular lesion in mixed gonadal dysgenesis resembles that of cryptorchidism. However, serial sectioning of entire streaks allowed the demonstration in 3 cases of a tumour entirely composed of germinal cells. In one of these cases a biopsy taken one year previously had revealed no abnormalities. The tumour somewhat resembles a gonadoblastoma but with a difference. No previous reference to such a tumour in children at puberty has been found. Similar lesions were seen in the opposite testicle in two cases. In the light of these findings, it is considered that in such cases the streak and also the testicle should be completely removed to avoid a possible later development of a generalised seminoma.
BIODYNAMICS OF 1.2α-METHYLENE-6-CHLORO-PREGNA-4,6-DIEN-17α-OL-3,20-DIONE (CYPROTERONE) IN MAN FOLLOWING ORAL AND INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Gerhards E. , Röpke H. , Schulze P. E. , Hitze H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolism and pharmacokinetics (biodynamics) of 1,2α-methylene-[14C]-6-chloro-pregna-4,6-dien-17α-ol-3,20-dione (Cyproterone; Cy) have been investigated in man following intravenous and oral administration.
The principal metabolite in the plasma following the intravenous and oral administration is 1,2α-methylene-6-chloro-pregna-4,6-diene-17α,20α-diol-3-one (20α-OH-Cy). After a single oral dose of 100 mg Cy, the concentration of unchanged free Cy during the first 24 hours is about 1 μg/100 ml plasma.
Of 100 mg Cy administered p. o., only about 40% was absorbed, 60% being eliminated in the faeces. In the urine, 20α-OH-Cy and 1,2α-methylene-6-chloro-androst-4,6-diene-3,17-dione(17-keto-Cy) were isolated and identified as the principal metabolites.
About 60% of the radioactivity in the urine, following oral and intravenous administration of [14C]-Cy, is present in the form of watersoluble compounds (conjugates) which cannot be decomposed either with enzymes (β-glucuronidase, sulphatase) or by means of cold or hot acid hydrolysis. Decomposition by solvolysis with perchloric acid in ethyl acetate, however, is quantitative.
On the basis of simulation performed with an analogue computer, the elimination half-life of the deep compartments following intravenous or oral administration of Cy would be between 3 and 5 days, on the basis of 14C-activity. 'Oral administration' of 100 mg Cy daily, as simulated on the analogue computer, is cumulative; an equilibrium in the deep compartment being reached only after about 28 days and that in the blood after about 14 days.
THE ASSESSMENT OF ADRENAL-CORTICAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS RECEIVING CORTICOTROPHIN THERAPY
Authors: Levell M. J. , Stitch S. R. , Noronha M. , Vas C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma cortisol and urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and cortisol secretion rates have been measured on patients with multiple sclerosis taking part in a therapeutic trial of corticotrophin. Patients who had not received corticotrophin showed no evidence of abnormal adrenal function, although the combination of normal levels of plasma cortisol with somewhat low concentrations of urinary cortisol metabolites suggested an abnormal steroid metabolism. Patients who had been treated continuously with corticotrophin (for at least 1 year) showed elevated plasma cortisol concentrations and an even greater disparity between plasma and urine concentrations than the untreated controls. Thus, the urinary steroid measurements did not give a useful measure of the degree of adrenal response and should not be used to monitor prolonged corticotrophin therapy.
BESTIMMUNG VON TESTOSTERON IM PERIPHEREN BLUT VON SCHWEIN UND RIND MIT EINER DOPPELISOTOPEN-DERIVAT-VERDÜNNUNGSMETHODE
Authors: Hoffmann B. , Claus R. , Karg H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using a double-isotope-dilution derivative method combined with a cristallisation technique testosterone was measured in pig and bovine peripheral blood. In the male pig the values varied from 0.94 to 1.61 μg per 100 ml plasma and were 7- resp. 11-times higher than in castrated and female animals. Values increased with age. The concentration measured in a bull was 0.59 μg per 100 ml plasma.
METABOLISM OF OESTRADIOL-17α-3H AND OESTRADIOL-16β-3H IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: de la Torre B. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolism of oestradiol-16-14C,17α-3H and oestriol-16-14C,16β-3H was studied following the intravenous administration of each compound to two women at midgestation. In addition, the foeto-placental metabolism of oestriol-16-14C,17α-3H was investigated in a subject following the administration of the tracer into the umbilical circulation at laparotomy. The 3H/14C ratios of urinary, foetal and placental oestriol conjugates were estimated following reverse isotope dilution of the oestriol moiety and its triacetate.
The 3H/14C-ratios of the oestriol-16-glucosiduronate (OE3-16GL) and oestriol-3-sulphate,16glucosiduronate (OE3-3S,16GL) fractions isolated from all urine specimens, as well as those of unconjugated oestriol (OE3), oestriol-3-sulphate (OE3-3S) and OE3-16GL isolated from the foeto-placental unit did not differ from each other and agreed with that of the administered material. Also, the 3H/14C-ratio of the oestriol-3-glucosiduronate (OE3-3GL) isolated from the urine excreted during the first 24 h, agreed with those of the other conjugates. However, a statistically highly significant drop was found in the 3H/14C-ratio of the OE3-3GL isolated from the second and third 24 h urine collections. Relatively more 3H was lost from oestriol-16β-3H, than from oestriol-17α-3H.
It is concluded that OE3-3GL underwent a limited oxidation both at C-atoms 16 and 17. This oxidation seems to take place in the gastrointestinal tract and might be due to the activity of microorganisms.
It is suggested that the same steroid molecule present in the form of various conjugates may be metabolized differently.
EFFECT OF 9:10-DIMETHYL-1:2-BENZANTHRACENE ON THE MOUSE OVARY
Authors: Krarup Torben 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Administration of the carcinogenic hydrocarbon 9:10-dimethyl-1:2-benzanthracene (DMBA) in mice causes destruction of the oocytes in the ovaries resulting in a premature depletion of the germ cells. Subsequently ovarian tumours develop.
It was investigated to what extent fertility is influenced during the process of oocyte disappearance in immature or mature mice treated with DMBA. The first parturition was not delayed and as long as the treated mice remained fertile, litters were born at normal intervals. However, the fertility span was considerably shortened due to the premature depletion of oocytes, but in contrast to the control mice, young were born to the DMBA-treated mice until no or very few oocytes remained. As a consequence of the shortened fertility span, the experimental mice gave birth to fewer litters than the control mice. The litter sizes were also smaller; the possible reason for this reduction in size is discussed in relation to the DMBA-induced reduction in the pool of small oocytes.
One year after DMBA-ingestion a number of mice had developed ovarian tumours. Using the time of birth of the last litter as an indicator of the time at which the ovaries were depleted of oocytes it is shown that the earlier the germ cells disappeared, the earlier tumours developed.
KOMBINIERTE ELEKTRONENMIKROSKOPISCHE UND BIOCHEMISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DEN EINFLUSS VON TESTOSTERON AUF DAS VESIKULARDRÜSENEPITHEL JUNGER RATTEN
Authors: Dahnke Hans-Gerhard , Mosebach Karl-Oskar 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of testosterone on the morphology of the secretory cells in the seminal vesicles of 13 and 30 days old rats was studied by means of electron microscopy. After five administrations of the hormone (5 × 100 μg testosterone) to 13 days old animals there was an increase of free ribosomes, morphological changes in the Golgi complex and a marked enlargement of the intercellular spaces. No significant morphological changes could be demonstrated in rats aged 30 days.
In addition the effect of testosterone on the uptake of [2-14C]thymidine by the seminal vesicles of 13 days old rats was investigated. This uptake only slightly enhanced (about 30%). It was remarkable however, that an almost identical uptake of thymidine occurred in all animals treated with the hormone, whereas the uptake was quite different in the controls. Whether testosterone was administered once or five times did not affect the results.
The morphological and biochemical results suggest that the action of testosterone on the seminal vesicles of very young rats involves effects other than those seen in older animals.
EFFECT OF THERMAL INJURY ON EXCRETION OF HYDROXYPROLINE IN RATS, TREATED OR NOT WITH AN ANABOLIC ANDROGEN
Authors: Kowalewski K. , Heron F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, considered as an index of collagen metabolism, was determined prior to, and during, a period of healing of thermally injured rats' skin. Standard deep dermal burns (about 12% of the total skin surface) were produced in rats. Animals were left untreated or received, during the healing period, an anabolic steroid 17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrostano [3,2-c] pyrazole (Winstrol®), Urine was collected prior to injury and after burns. Hydroxyproline was determined and expressed in μg per 24 h per 100 g of rats' body weight. Thermal injury affected significantly hydroxyproline excretion: progressive increase of this component of collagen was observed, with peak value in third week after burns. This was considered due mostly to the proteolysis of irreversibly denaturated collagen. However, some excreted hydroxyproline might represent the product of newly formed collagen of healing tissue. Anabolic steroid used in this study produced an increase in hydroxyproline excretion as compared with untreated controls, but this effect was apparent only during the third week after injury. Hydroxyproline excretion test may be of value following thermal injury of the skin. Experimental results in this respect, found in rats, are similar to those found previously in humans.
THE TIBIAL GROWING CARTILAGE BIOPSY IN THE STUDY OF GROWTH DISTURBANCES
Authors: Stănescu V. , Bona C. , Ionescu V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
51 biopsies of tibial growing cartilage were performed in children with and without growth disturbances. The biopsy procedure is described.
The clinical and roentgenological follow up did not reveal any untoward effects due to the operation. The histological and cyto-enzymological methods used in the study of the biopsies as well as the main results obtained are presented and discussed. In a few cases the effect of a growth stimulating treatment could be studied by means of a repeated biopsy from the opposite leg.
DETERMINATION DE LA TRANSCORTINE PLASMATIQUE AU COURS DE DIVERSES ENDOCRINOPATHIES
Authors: Burger A. , Laudat P. , Bricaire H. , Pique L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The transcortin capacity for cortisol (CBC, μg cortisol/100 ml) has been determined by gelfiltration using [1,2-3H]cortisol (De Moor et al. 1962; Doe et al. 1964). There was always 2 to 3% unspecific binding to CBC free plasma (heated to 60°C for 30 minutes) and to pure albumin. The protein binding found in unaltered plasma had to be corrected by subtracting this unspecific radioactivity to calculate the CBC, which had a normal range of 24 ± 8 μg cortisol/100 ml plasma (2 sd, n = 35). Eight states of hyperoestrogenism, 5 hypopituitarisms, 8 acromegalies, 3 congenital adrenal hyperplasias, 2 hirsutisms and 12 Cushing syndromes were tested. As a group only the CBC in hyperoestrogenism was high and outside the normal range. The CBC in two cases of Cushing syndrome and in two cases of acromegaly were low. The CBC has been followed before and under treatment with 2,2(4-chlorophenyl,2-chlorphenyl)1,1-dichlorethane (op'DDD). No significant changes were seen.
EFFECTS OF AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE IN A CASE OF ECTOPIC ACTH SYNDROME
Authors: McMillan Mary , Maisey M. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A male patients with the ectopic ACTH syndrome due to bronchial carcinoma gained a partial remission of symptoms when treated with aminoglutethimide. The drug may have caused a haemolytic anaemia. A fall in plasma 11-hydroxy-corticosteroids was noted. There was a fall in urinary 17-hydroxy-corticosteroids, 17-ketosteroids and oestrogens with a rise in the aetiocholanolone/androsterone ratio, and reversal of the testosterone glucosiduronate/epitestosterone glucosiduronate ratio.
CORTISOL RELEASE, DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLISM IN INDUCED OESTROGENIC DEFICIENCY
Authors: Jansen Jens Aas , Schou Jens , Singh H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The biological half-life of exogenous [4-14C] cortisol in guinea pigs is approximately 105 min. After ovariectomy there is a tendency to a prolonged half-life (delayed metabolism) of cortisol. The plasma cortisol in guinea pigs is 314 ± 79 ng/ml with an ultrafiltrable fraction of 38 ± 15 ng/ml. Skin cortisol is 44 ± 12 ng/g tissue. After ovariectomy the plasma cortisol is decreased (195 ± 36 ng/ml) and there is a higher relative diffusible fraction, while the skin cortisol is decreased (23 ± 4 ng/g). During stress release there may be a parallel release of a cortisolbinding non-ultrafiltrable component or an elimination of a protein bound not fluorescent or separated steroid. The tissue cortisol is higher than would be expected from the values of diffusible cortisol in plasma. The low concentration of ultrafiltrable cortisol may explain the reduced rate of cortisol metabolism.
EPIDERMOID CYSTS IN THE THYROID GLANDS OF MALE RATS TREATED NEONATALLY WITH OESTROGEN
Authors: Arai Y. , Maeda T. , Masuda S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Epidermoid cysts developed most frequently in the thyroid gland of male rats which had been castrated on the day of birth and injected with oestradiol benzoate (OB) for 30 successive days from birth. The incidence of epidermoid cysts was 90% in this group. The daily doses of OB were 1 μg during the first 10 days, 2 μg during the next 10 days, and 4 μg from days 21 to 30, respectively. These metaplastic lesions were not reversible after cessation of OB treatment. When OB was injected into intact male rats for the first 30 days of life, the incidence was decreased to 30%. In contrast, there was no manifestation of epidermoid cyst formation in the glands of control rats such as in intact male rats which had been treated with OB from days 31 to 60, or neonatally castrated and intact male rats, both given oil only.
THE OVULATORY EFFECTS OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE TREATED WITH CHYMOTRYPSIN IN CHLORPROMAZINE BLOCKED RATS
Authors: Harrington F. E. , Bex F. J. , Elton R. L. , Roach J. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Adult prooestrous rats were injected subcutaneously with chlorpromazine prior to the »critical period« (2:00 p. m.–4:00 p.m.) to prevent ovulation. Midway through the »critical period« (3:00 p. m.) these blocked females were injected intravenously with varying doses of follicle stimulating hormone which had been maintained overnight at room temperature or incubated with chymotrypsin overnight in a waterbath maintained between 35–36°C. Results showed that the amount of NIHFSH-S7 calculated to cause ovulation was nearly identical for enzyme exposed (15.49 μg) and unexposed (15.36 μg) FSH.
The Parlow assay was used to verify that the enzyme specifically digested the LH contaminant of FSH. Significant depletions of ascorbic acid were obtained only with NIHFSH-S7 samples that were unexposed to the enzyme. Overnight incubation of FSH with chymotrypsin completely prevented depletion of ovarian ascorbic acid, verifying that the enzyme digested the LH contaminant present in NIHFSH-S7. These data further support our concept that follicle stimulating hormone by itself induces ovulation in CPZ blocked rats.
SPONTANEOUS VARIATIONS IN SERUM GROWTH HORMONE LEVELS
Authors: Buckler J. M. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum growth hormone (HGH) levels have been estimated in hourly samples for 24 hours in 2 women and 1 man. The highest levels in all subjects were found in association with the onset of sleep at whatever time that occurred. Other spontaneous peaks were found particularly in 1 woman. The rise in serum HGH levels in women following the stimuli of exercise or Bovril was greater or more rapid when these stimuli were applied mid-morning compared with early in the morning. Serum HGH levels at the same times on different days showed a great variation in the mid-morning levels from day to day in a female subject. No such variation was found in a man, nor in the female subject in the early morning.