bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STATIONARY SOLUTIONS TO FOREST KINEMATIC MODEL
Authors: CHUAN LE HUY , TSUJIKAWA TOHRU , YAGI ATSUSHI 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe continue the study of a mathematical model for a forest ecosystem which has been presented by Y. A. Kuznetsov, M. Y. Antonovsky, V. N. Biktashev and A. Aponina (A cross-diffusion model of forest boundary dynamics, J. Math. Biol. 32 (1994), 219–232). In the preceding two papers (L. H. Chuan and A. Yagi, Dynamical systemfor forest kinematic model, Adv. Math. Sci. Appl. 16 (2006), 393–409; L. H. Chuan, T. Tsujikawa and A. Yagi, Aysmptotic behavior of solutions for forest kinematic model, Funkcial. Ekvac. 49 (2006), 427–449), the present authors already constructed a dynamical system and investigated asymptotic behaviour of trajectories of the dynamical system. This paper is then devoted to studying not only the structure (including stability and instability) of homogeneous stationary solutions but also the existence of inhomogeneous stationary solutions. Especially it shall be shown that in some cases, one can construct an infinite number of discontinuous stationary solutions.
COMB GRAPHS AND SPECTRAL DECIMATION
Authors: JORDAN JONATHAN 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe investigate the spectral properties of matrices associated with comb graphs. We show that the adjacency matrices and adjacency matrix Laplacians of the sequences of graphs show a spectral similarity relationship in the sense of work by L. Malozemov and A. Teplyaev (Self-similarity, operators and dynamics,Math. Phys. Anal. Geometry6(2003), 201–218), and hence these sequences of graphs show a spectral decimation property similar to that of the Laplacians of the Sierpiński gasket graph and other fractal graphs.
‘We are not blaming anyone, but if we don't know about amenities, we cannot seek them out’: black and minority older people's views on the quality of local health and personal social services in England
Authors: MANTHORPE JILL , ILIFFE STEVE , MORIARTY JO , CORNES MICHELLE , CLOUGH ROGER , BRIGHT LES , RAPAPORT JOAN ,   OPRSI
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTImproving access to culturally-appropriate services and enhancing responses to the needs of older people from black and minority ethnic backgrounds were among the aims of theNational Service Framework for Older People(NSFOP) that was introduced in England in 2001. Progress in meeting the aims of the NSFOP was evaluated by a mid-term independent review led by the Healthcare Commission, the body responsible for regulating health-care services in England. This paper reports the consultation with older people that underpinned the evaluation. It focuses on the views and experiences of older people from black and minority ethnic (BME) groups and of the staff that work in BME voluntary organisations. A rapid appraisal approach was used in 10 purposively selected local councils, and plural methods were used, including public listening events, nominal groups and individual interviews. In total 1,839 older people participated in the consultations and 1,280 (70%) completed a monitoring form. Some 30 per cent defined themselves as of a minority ethnic background. The concerns were more about the low recognition of culturally-specific and language needs than for the development of services exclusively for BME older people.
Some social consequences of remodelling English sheltered housing and care homes to ‘extra care’
Authors: WRIGHT FAY , TINKER ANTHEA , HANSON JULIENNE , WOJGANI HEDIEH , MAYAGOITIA RUTH 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTAcross the United Kingdom, new build and remodelled ‘extra care’ schemes are being developed in many areas on the assumption that they offer older people with care needs an alternative to residential care. This paper reports an evaluation by a multi-disciplinary team of 10 extra-care schemes remodelled from sheltered housing or residential care units. The evaluation audited buildings and identified social and architectural problems. No two schemes in the sample were alike; some aimed for a dependency balance and others set a dependency threshold for admission. The three criteria used for assessing eligibility were the number of paid care hours the older person had at home, their property status and the type of disability. This article focuses on the wide variation in assessing eligibility for an extra-care place and on some social consequences of remodelling. A number of tenants remained in situ during the remodelling process in six of the schemes. Building professionals were unanimous that retaining some tenants on site caused significant development delays and increased the remodelling costs. There was also a social price to pay. ‘Old’ tenants resented their scheme changing into extra care and were hostile towards ‘new’ tenants who had obvious needs for support. In some extra-care schemes, ‘old’ tenants were refusing to participate in meals and all social activities.
‘I think I have had a good life’: the everyday lives of older women and men from a lifecourse perspective
Authors: GUNNARSSON EVY 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThrough increased longevity, older people today live for many years in retirement. Research on the everyday lives of older women and men who are not in need of help from elder care is scarce. This paper reports an in-depth study of a small sample of such relatively healthy older people in Sweden. The aim of the study was to describe, analyse and interpret from a lifecourse perspective how older women and men experience everyday life. Twenty informants were recruited through advertisements and they were interviewed twice. They were aged 75 to 90 years at the first interview. The informants belong to the cohort that was born before the Second World War and they have witnessed and benefitted from both unprecedented economic growth and the development of the Swedish welfare state. Both the men and the women had been in paid work outside the home, and once retired they were determined to remain active. Even though many had found that their capacities had reduced, the informants spontaneously stressed the importance of continuing to be physically and mentally active. They saw life as meaningful because they sustained links in different ways with kin, friends and organisations. They wanted to remain active as long as possible, even when a decline in health reduced the range of activities that they could pursue.
The art of grocery shopping on a food stamp budget: factors influencing the food choices of low-income women as they try to make ends meet
Authors: Wiig Kristen , Smith Chery 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveAmidst a hunger–obesity paradox, the purpose of the present study was to examine the grocery shopping behaviour and food stamp usage of low-income women with children to identify factors influencing their food choices on a limited budget.DesignFocus groups, which included questions based on Social Cognitive Theory constructs, examined food choice in the context of personal, behavioural and environmental factors. A quantitative grocery shopping activity required participants to prioritize food purchases from a 177-item list on a budget of $US 50 for a one-week period, an amount chosen based on the average household food stamp allotment in 2005.SubjectsNinety-two low-income women, with at least one child aged 9–13 years in their household, residing in the Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA.ResultsParticipants' mean age was 37 years, and 76% were overweight or obese (BMI≥25·0kg/m2). Key findings suggest that their food choices and grocery shopping behaviour were shaped by not only individual and family preferences, but also their economic and environmental situation. Transportation and store accessibility were major determinants of shopping frequency, and they used various strategies to make their food dollars stretch (e.g. shopping based on prices, in-store specials). Generally, meat was the most important food group for purchase and consumption, according to both the qualitative and quantitative data.ConclusionsEfforts to improve food budgeting skills, increase nutrition knowledge, and develop meal preparation strategies involving less meat and more fruits and vegetables, could be valuable in helping low-income families nutritionally make the best use of their food dollars.
Nearly ordinary Galois deformations over arbitrary number fields
Authors: Calegari Frank , Mazur Barry 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLet K be an arbitrary number field, and let ρ : Gal($\math{\bar{K}}$/K) → GL2(E) be a nearly ordinary irreducible geometric Galois representation. In this paper, we study the nearly ordinary deformations of ρ. When K is totally real and ρ is modular, results of Hida imply that the nearly ordinary deformation space associated to ρ contains a Zariski dense set of points corresponding to ‘automorphic’ Galois representations. We conjecture that if K is not totally real, then this is never the case, except in three exceptional cases, corresponding to: (1) ‘base change’, (2) ‘CM’ forms, and (3) ‘even’ representations. The latter case conjecturally can only occur if the image of ρ is finite. Our results come in two flavours. First, we prove a general result for Artin representations, conditional on a strengthening of the Leopoldt Conjecture. Second, when K is an imaginary quadratic field, we prove an unconditional result that implies the existence of ‘many’ positive-dimensional components (of certain deformation spaces) that do not contain infinitely many classical points. Also included are some speculative remarks about ‘p-adic functoriality’, as well as some remarks on how our methods should apply to n-dimensional representations of Gal($\math{\bar{\QQ}}$/ℚ) when n > 2.
LSD and AMAZE: the mass-metallicity relation at z > 3
Authors: Mannucci F. , Maiolino R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe present the first results on galaxy metallicity evolution at z > 3 from two projects, LSD (Lyman-break galaxies Stellar populations and Dynamics) and AMAZE (Assessing the Mass Abundance redshift Evolution). These projects use deep near-infrared spectroscopic observations of a sample of ~40 LBGs to estimate the gas-phase metallicity from the emission lines. We derive the mass-metallicity relation at z > 3 and compare it with the same relation at lower redshift. Strong evolution from z = 0 and z = 2 to z = 3 is observed, and this finding puts strong constraints on the models of galaxy evolution. These preliminary results show that the effective oxygen yields do not increase with stellar mass, implying that the simple outflow model does not apply at z > 3.
Connecting high-redshift galaxy populations through observations of local Damped Lyman Alpha dwarf galaxies
Authors: Schulte-Ladbeck Regina E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractI report on observations of the z=t 0.01 dwarf galaxy SBS1543+593 which is projected onto the background QSO HS1543+5921. As a star-forming galaxy first noted in emission, this dwarf is playing a pivotal role in our understanding of high-redshift galaxy populations, because it also gives rise to a Damped Lyman Alpha system. This enabled us to analyze, for the first time, the chemical abundance of α elements in a Damped Lyman Alpha galaxy using both, emission and absorption diagnostics. We find that the abundances agree with one another within the observational uncertainties. I discuss the implications of this result for the interpretation of high-redshift galaxy observations. A catalog of dwarf-galaxy–QSO projections culled from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey is provided to stimulate future work.
Chemical enrichment and feedback in low metallicity environments: constraints on galaxy formation
Authors: Matteucci Francesca 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemical evolution models for dwarf metal poor galaxies, including dwarf irregulars and dwarf spheroidals will be presented. The main ingredients necessary to build detailed models of chemical evolution including stellar nucleosynthesis, supernova progenitors, stellar lifetimes and stellar feedback will be discussed. The stellar feedback will be analysed in connection with the development of galactic winds in dwarf galaxies and their effects on the predicted abundances and abundance ratios. Model results concerning α-elements (O, Mg, Si, Ca), Fe and s-and r-process elements will be discussed and compared with the most recent observational data for metal poor galaxies of the Local Group. We will show how the study of abundance ratios versus abundances can represent a very powerful tool to infer constraints on galaxy formation mechanisms. In this framework, we will discuss whether, on the basis of their chemical properties, the dwarf galaxies of the Local Group could have been the building blocks of the Milky Way.
The importance of following the evolution of the dust in galaxies on their SEDs
Authors: Schurer A. , Calura F. , Silva L. , Pipino A. , Granato G. L. , Matteucci F. , Maiolino R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe present photometric evolution of galaxies in which, in addition to the stellar component, the effects of an evolving dusty interstellar medium have been included with particular care. Starting from the work of Calura, Pipino & Matteucci (2008), in which chemical evolution models have been used to study the evolution of both the gas and dust components of the interstellar medium in spiral, elliptical and irregular galaxies, it has been possible to combine these models with a spectrophotometric stellar synthesis code that includes dust reprocessing (GRASIL) (Silva 1998) to analyse the evolution of the Spectral Energy Distributions (SED) of these galaxies. We test our models against observed SEDs both in the local universe and at high redshift. The importance of following the dust evolution is investigated by comparing our results with those obtained by adopting simple assumptions to treat this component. Possible errors from assuming a Milky Way dust composition and a dust-to-gas ratio scaling with the metallicity particularly in young galaxies, ellipticals and low metallicity galaxies are highlighted.
Supernovae and their Evolution in a Low Metallicity ISM
Authors: Chevalier Roger A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObservations of core collapse supernovae and their progenitors generally support expectations of increasing mass loss with increasing initial mass. Mass loss rates are expected to decline at lower metallicity, and there are prospects for directly testing this for the red supergiant progenitors of Type IIP supernovae. However, there are indications that mass loss rates for high mass early type stars may be overestimated and that there are mass loss mechanisms that do not decline at lower metallicity. In this case, there may be supernova emission from strong circumstellar interaction even at low metallicity. Although there is evidence for dust formation in freely expanding ejecta of supernovae, the quantities are relatively small. Another promising site of dust formation is the circumstellar interaction region, but this should occur in only a fraction of supernovae.
The Star Formation History of the GRB 050730 Host Galaxy
Authors: Calura Francesco 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe long GRB 050730 observed at redshiftz~ 4 allowed the determination of the elemental abundances for a set of different chemical elements. We use detailed chemical evolution models taking into account also dust production to constrain the star formation history of the host galaxy of this long GRB. For the host galaxy of GRB 050730, we derive also some dust-related quantities and the specific star formation rate, namely the star formation rate per unit stellar mass. Finally, we compare the properties of the GRB host galaxy with those of Quasar Damped Lyman Alpha absorbers.
The Gas Phase in a Low Metallicity ISM
Authors: Brinks Elias , Oh Se–Heon , Bagetakos Ioannis , Bigiel Frank , Leroy Adam , Usero Antonio , Walter Fabian , de Blok W. J. G. , Kennicutt Robert C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe present several results from our analysis of dwarf irregular galaxies culled from The HI Nearby Galaxy Survey (THINGS). We analyse the rotation curves of two galaxies based on “bulk” velocity fields, i.e. velocity maps from which random non–circular motions are removed. We confirm that their dark matter distribution is best fit by an isothermal halo model. We show that the star formation properties of dIrr galaxies resemble those of the outer parts of larger, spiral systems. Lastly, we study the large scale (3–D) distribution of the gas, and argue that the gas disk in dIrrs is thick, both in a relative, as well as in an absolute sense as compared to spirals. Massive star formation through subsequent supernova explosions is able to redistribute the bulk of the ISM, creating large cavities. These cavities are often larger, and longer–lived than in spiral galaxies.
Stellar Evolution in the Early Universe
Authors: Hirschi Raphael , Frischknecht Urs , Thielemann F.-K. , Pignatari Marco , Chiappini Cristina , Ekström Sylvia , Meynet Georges , Maeder André 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMassive stars played a key role in the early evolution of the Universe. They formed with the first halos and started the re-ionisation. It is therefore very important to understand their evolution. In this paper, we describe the strong impact of rotation induced mixing and mass loss at very low metallicity (Z). The strong mixing leads to a significant production of primary14N,13C and22Ne. Mass loss during the red supergiant stage allows the production of Wolf-Rayet stars, type Ib,c supernovae and possibly gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) down to almostZ= 0 for stars more massive than 60M⊙. Galactic chemical evolution models calculated with models of rotating stars better reproduce the early evolution of N/O, C/O and12C/13C. We calculated the weak s-process production induced by the primary22Ne and obtain overproduction factors (relative to the initial composition,Z= 10−6) between 100-1000 in the mass range 60–90M⊙.
Stellar Archaeology: Using Metal-Poor Stars to Test Theories of the Early Universe
Authors: Frebel Anna , Johnson Jarrett L. , Bromm Volker 
Published: December 2008

AbstractConstraints on the chemical yields of the first stars and supernova can be derived by examining the abundance patterns of different types of metal-poor stars. We show how metal-poor stars are employed to derive constraints of the formation of the first low-mass stars by testing a fine-structure line cooling theory. The concept of stellar archaeology, that stellar abundances truly reflect the chemical composition of the earliest times, is then addressed. The accretion history of a sample of metal-poor stars is examined in detail in a cosmological context, and found to have no impact on the observed abundances. Predictions are made for the lowest possible Fe and Mg abundances observable in the Galaxy, [Fe/H]min = −7.5 and [Mg/H]min = −5.5. The absence of stars below these values is so far consistent with a top-heavy IMF. These predictions are directly relevant for future surveys and the next generation of telescopes.
Probing Globular Cluster Formation in Low Metallicity Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Johnson Kelsey E. , Hunt Leslie K. , Reines Amy E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe ubiquitous presence of globular clusters around massive galaxies today suggests that these extreme star clusters must have been formed prolifically in the earlier universe in low-metallicity galaxies. Numerous adolescent and massive star clusters are already known to be present in a variety of galaxies in the local universe; however most of these systems have metallicities of 12 + log(O/H) > 8, and are thus not representative of the galaxies in which today's ancient globular clusters were formed. In order to better understand the formation and evolution of these massive clusters in environments with few heavy elements, we have targeted several low-metallicity dwarf galaxies with radio observations, searching for newly-formed massive star clusters still embedded in their birth material. The galaxies in this initial study are HS 0822+3542, UGC 4483, Pox 186, and SBS 0335-052, all of which have metallicities of 12 + log(O/H) < 7.75. While no thermal radio sources, indicative of natal massive star clusters, are found in three of the four galaxies, SBS 0335-052 hosts two such objects, which are incredibly luminous. The radio spectral energy distributions of these intense star-forming regions in SBS 0335-052 suggest the presence of ~12,000 equivalent O-type stars, and the implied star formation rate is nearing the maximum starburst intensity limit.
Low Metallicity Galaxies at z ~ 0.7: Keys to the Origins of Metallicity Scaling Laws
Authors: Rosario David J. , Hoyos Carlos , Koo David , Phillips Andrew 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe present a study of remarkably luminous and unique dwarf galaxies at redshifts of 0.5 < z < 0.7, selected from the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift survey by the presence of the temperature sensitive [OIII]λ4363 emission line. Measurements of this important auroral line, as well as other strong oxygen lines, allow us to estimate the integrated oxygen abundances of these galaxies accurately without being subject to the degeneracy inherent in the standard R23 system used by most studies. [O/H] estimates range between 1/5–1/10 of the solar value. Not surprisingly, these systems are exceedingly rare and hence represent a population that is not typically present in local surveys such as SDSS, or smaller volume deep surveys such as GOODS.Our low-metallicity galaxies exhibit many unprecedented characteristics. With B-band luminosities close to L*, thse dwarfs lie significantly away from the luminosity-metallicity relationships of both local and intermediate redshift star-forming galaxies. Using stellar masses determined from optical and NIR photometry, we show that they also deviate strongly from corresponding mass-metallicity relationships. Their specific star formation rates are high, implying a significant burst of recent star formation. A campaign of high resolution spectroscopic follow-up shows that our galaxies have dynamical properties similar to local HII and compact emission line galaxies, but mass-to-light ratios that are much higher than average star-forming dwarfs.The low metallicities, high specific star formation rates, and small halo masses of our galaxies mark them as lower redshift analogs of Lyman-Break galaxies, which, at z ~ 2 are evolving onto the metallicity sequence that we observe in the galaxy population of today. In this sense, these systems offer fundamental insights into the physical processes and regulatory mechanisms that drive galaxy evolution in that epoch of major star formation and stellar mass assembly.
Behavioral and Psychiatric Genetics: Learning from History
Authors: Schaffner Kenneth 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBehavioral and Psychiatric Genetics (BPG) offers great promise for clarifying the causes of both normal behaviors as well as psychiatric disorders, and in the latter case serving as a more rational basis for treatments. But the field has also generated serious social concerns about individual and ethnic stereotyping of intelligence and violent behaviors. This short talk identifies some of these themes from the 1970s, 80s, and 90s, and reviews recent shifts about the directions BPG is taking in the first decade of the twenty-first century. I cover the collapse of simple molecular gene-behavior models in the 1990s, and the rise of gene-environment interaction paradigms, as well as the increasing role of neuroscience in BPG in the present decade. I close by citing molecular-studies that may require we revisit previous historical lessons, now in a molecular genetics-neuroscience context.To watch Dr. Schaffner’s presentation, please see the "Google Video posting.":http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2384504189343195854&hl=en