bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural, photoluminescence, and optical characteristics of a Sm3+‐doped lead borate–strontium–tungsten glass system: Evaluation of Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters and radiative properties
Authors: Kotb Islam E. , Okasha Aly , Zidan Nehad A. , Marzouk Samir Y. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, the melt quenching approach is used to synthesize a lead borate–strontium‐based glass system doped with samarium ions. Modifications in the glass network structure arising from the addition of various concentrations of Sm3+ ions were investigated via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR analysis revealed B–O–B bridges, BO3, and BO4 units are present. UV–vis–NIR spectroscopic measurement was performed to study the optical absorption spectra. Optical constants such as optical bandgap energies, refractive indices, and other related parameters were evaluated. The lifetime fluorescence decay was measured and ranged between 1.04 and 1.88 ns. The photoluminescence spectra in the range 500–750 nm revealed four transitions from the ground state 6G5/2 to the excited states 6H5/2, 6H7/2, 6H9/2 and 6H11/2 and J–O theory was utilized to study these optical transitions for Sm3+ ions. Calculations of the oscillator strengths and J–O intensity parameters were performed and the obtained J–O parameters followed the sequence Ω4 > Ω6 > Ω2. The ratio O/R indicated a high lattice asymmetry around the samarium ions. The values of lifetimes and branching ratios for the fabricated samples emphasized their suitability to be used in laser applications. The current glass samples are good candidates for orange and red emission devices.
Facilitators of and barriers to gastric cancer and precursor diagnosis among South Texas residents: Social determinants of health
Authors: Parma Dorothy Long , Finley Erin P. , Fernandez Roman , Gelfond Jonathan A. L. , Ramirez Amelie G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundLatinos/Hispanics are at higher risk for developing gastric cancer (GC) compared with non‐Hispanic whites, and social determinants of health (SDoH) are thought to contribute.Aims/Materials and MethodsThis study addressed SDoH and their interactions contributing to disparities in the testing and treatment of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and diagnosis of GC and its known precursors, among Latinos/Hispanics relative to non‐Latinos at two affiliated but independent health systems in San Antonio, Texas, using a mixed methods approach.ResultsSecondary data abstraction and analysis showed that GCs represented 2.6% (n = 600) of our population. Men and older individuals were at higher GC risk. Individuals with military insurance were 2.7 times as likely to be diagnosed as private insurance. Latinos/Hispanics had significantly (24%) higher GC risk than Whites. Poverty and lack of insurance contributed to GC risk among the minorities classified as other (Asians, Native Americans, Multiracial; all p < 0.01). All SDoH were associated with H. pylori infection (p < 0.001). Qualitative analysis of patient and provider interviews showed providers reporting insurance as a major care barrier; patients reported appointment delays, and lack of clinic staff. Providers universally agreed treatment of H. pylori was necessary, but disagreed on its prevalence. Patients did not report discussing H. pylori or its cancer risk with providers.Discussion/ConclusionThese data indicate the importance of considering SDoH in diagnosis and treatment of GC and its precursors, and educating providers and patients on H. pylori risks for GC.
Comparison of clinical outcomes of several risk stratification tools in newly diagnosed AML patients: A real‐world evidence in our current therapeutic era
Authors: Iat Alexandre , Loschi Michael , Benachour Sami , Calleja Anne , Chiche Edmond , Sudaka Isabelle , Aquaronne Danièle , Ferrero Corinne , Fenwarth Laurène , Marceau Alice , Fournier Elise , Dadone‐Montaudie Berengere , Cluzeau Thomas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground of the studyAML classification tools have been developed to stratify the risk at AML diagnosis. There is a need to evaluate these tools in the current therapeutic era.Cohort characteristicsIn this retrospective study, we compared five classifiers: ELN 2017, ELN 2022, ALFA classifier, Papaemmanuil et al. classifier, and Lindsley et al. classifier, in a real‐life cohort of 281 patients newly diagnosed for AML in Nice University Hospital. In our cohort median age was 68 years old, sex ratio was M/F 56%/44%, performance status was lower than 2 in 73.1% of patients, AML subtype was “De novo” in 71.5%, “secondary” in 22.4%, and “therapy‐related” in 6.0% of patients. Intensive chemotherapy was used in 53.0% of patients, and non‐intensive chemotherapy in 40.6% of patients. Molecular analysis was available in a large majority of patients and the main mutations found were NPM1 (22.7%), DNMT3A (17.4%), TP53 (13.1%), TET2 (12.4%), and FLT3‐ITD (12.4%).ResultsIn our findings, the comparison of overall survival between the three prognostic groups in the global cohort was statistically significant in all classifiers: ELN 2017 p < 0.0001, ELN 2022 p < 0.0001, ALFA classifier p < 0.0001, Papaemmanuil classifier p < 0.0001, Lindsley classifier p = 0.001. ELN 2017, ELN 2022, ALFA classifier, Papaemmanuil classifier, and Lindsley classifier were calculated respectively in 99%, 99%, 89%, 90%, and 89% of patients.ConclusionsUsing Akaike’s information criteria (AIC) to compare all five classifiers, ELN 2022 is the best classifier into younger and older patients and for prognosis.
Which is the best approach for percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions? The one you feel most confident with!
Authors: Giordano Arturo , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe 
Published: March 2024

Key points
Percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusion remains a challenging niche, where minimization of technical failure and complication rates must be dearly pursued.
The minimalist hybrid approach is a novel recanalization strategy which provides an individualized technical framework minimizing simultaneous dual injection and large‐bore catheters unless clearly needed.
This study reports an observational comparison between a standard revascularization strategy for chronic total occlusion and the minimalist hybrid approach, suggesting the latter may be associated with some benefits, including more parsimonious use of costly devices.
Coarse and fine feature selection for Network Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in IoT networks
Authors: Habeeb Mohammed Sayeeduddin , Babu Tummala Ranga 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNetwork Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) are important in safeguarding networks from known and unknown attacks. Many research efforts have recently been made to create NIDS systems based on Machine Learning (ML) methods, addressing a significant challenge in designing standard NIDS the lack of standardized feature sets in the dataset. Given the recent development of the Internet of Things (IoT) in wireless communication, our proposed method introduces a novel solution to enhance intrusion detection systems. This proposed solution feature selection is carried out in two stages, coarse and fine selection. In the first stage of the coarse selection process, we conduct correlation analysis to identify relationships within the feature set. The second stage employs fine selection using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) with Genetic Algorithm hybridization (CFWOAGA). The fitness of each selected feature is assessed using the K‐Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm. In our proposed work we integrate WOA with hybrid GA to extend the search space and avoid local optima problems via crossover and mutation operations. These selected features are critical for detecting any intrusion, we use an ML classifier to identify whether there is an attack or normal in the network and we evaluate the performance of each classifier. We evaluate the performance of our classifier using the BoT‐IoT 2020 standard dataset while limiting the selected features to 32 for reduced computational complexity, these selected 32 features are based upon considerations of system optimization and efficiency, making a balance between computational efficiency and model performance. The experimental findings show better model accuracy compared to the WOA technique and a significant drop in the False Alarm Rate (FAR). In conclusion, our proposed CFWOA method achieved an accuracy of 98.9%, while an updated version with the genetic algorithm demonstrated further improvement at 99.5%. Notably, there was a substantial improvement in FAR with our proposed method.
Vasorin as an actor of bone turnover?
Authors: Andrique Caroline , Bonnet Anne Laure , Dang Julien , Lesieur Julie , Krautzberger A. Michaela , Baroukh Brigitte , Torrens Coralie , Sadoine Jeremy , Schmitt Alain , Rochefort Gael Y. , Bardet Claire , Six Isabelle , Houillier Pascal , Tharaux Pierre Louis , Schrewe Heinrich , Gaucher Celine , Chaussain Catherine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBone diseases are increasing with aging populations and it is important to identify clues to develop innovative treatments. Vasn, which encodes vasorin (Vasn), a transmembrane protein involved in the pathophysiology of several organs, is expressed during the development in intramembranous and endochondral ossification zones. Here, we studied the impact of Vasn deletion on the osteoblast and osteoclast dialog through a cell Coculture model. In addition, we explored the bone phenotype of Vasn KO mice, either constitutive or tamoxifen‐inducible, or with an osteoclast‐specific deletion. First, we show that both osteoblasts and osteoclasts express Vasn. Second, we report that, in both KO mouse models but not in osteoclast‐targeted KO mice, Vasn deficiency was associated with an osteopenic bone phenotype, due to an imbalance in favor of osteoclastic resorption. Finally, through the Coculture experiments, we identify a dysregulation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway together with an increase in RANKL release by osteoblasts, which led to an enhanced osteoclast activity. This study unravels a direct role of Vasn in bone turnover, introducing a new biomarker or potential therapeutic target for bone pathologies.
Circular flows in mono‐directed signed graphs
Authors: Li Jiaao , Naserasr Reza , Wang Zhouningxin , Zhu Xuding 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the concept of circular ‐flow in a mono‐directed signed graph is introduced. That is a pair , where is an orientation on and satisfies that for each positive edge and for each negative edge , and the total in‐flow equals the total out‐flow at each vertex. This is the dual notion of circular colorings of signed graphs and is distinct from the concept of circular flows in bi‐directed graphs associated with signed graphs studied in the literature. We first explore the connection between circular ‐flows and modulo ‐orientations in signed graphs. Then we focus on the upper bounds for the circular flow indices of signed graphs in terms of the edge‐connectivity, where the circular flow index of a signed graph is the minimum value such that it admits a circular ‐flow. We prove that every 3‐edge‐connected signed graph admits a circular 6‐flow and every 4‐edge‐connected signed graph admits a circular 4‐flow. More generally, for , we show that every ‐edge‐connected signed graph admits a circular ‐flow, every ‐edge‐connected signed graph has a circular ‐flow with , and every ‐edge‐connected signed graph admits a circular ‐flow. Moreover, the ‐edge‐connectivity condition is shown to be sufficient for a signed Eulerian graph to admit a circular ‐flow, and applying this result to planar graphs, we conclude that every signed bipartite planar graph of negative girth at least admits a homomorphism to the negative even cycles .
Current clinical evidence is insufficient to support HMME–PDT as the first choice of treatment for young children with port wine birthmarks
Authors: Gao Chao , Nguyen Vi , Hochman Marcelo L. , Gao Lin , Chen Elliott H. , Friedman Harold I. , Nelson John Stuart , Tan Wenbin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPort wine birthmark (PWB) is a congenital vascular malformation of the skin. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the “gold standard” for the treatment of PWB globally. Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME or hemoporfin)‐mediated photodynamic therapy (HMME–PDT) has emerged as the first choice for PWB treatment, particularly for young children, in many major hospitals in China during the past several decades.AimTo evaluate whether HMME–PDT is superior to PDL by comparing the clinical efficacies of both modalities.MethodPubMed records were searched for all relevant studies of PWB treatment using PDL (1988−2023) or HMME–PDT (2007−2023). Patient characteristics and clinical efficacies were extracted. Studies with a quartile percentage clearance or similar scale were included. A mean color clearance index (CI) per study was calculated and compared among groups. An overall CI (C0), with data weighted by cohort size, was used to evaluate the final efficacy for each modality.ResultA total of 18 HMME–PDT studies with 3910 patients in China were eligible for inclusion in this analysis. Similarly, 40 PDL studies with 5094 patients from nine different countries were eligible for inclusion in this analysis. Over 58% of patients in the HMME‐PDT studies were minors (<18 years old). A significant portion (21.3%) were young children (<3 years old). Similarly, 33.2% of patients in the PDL studies were minors. A small proportion (9.3%) was young children. The overall clearance rates for PDL were slightly, but not significantly, higher than those for HMME–PDT in cohorts with patients of all ages (C0, 0.54 vs. 0.48, p = 0.733), subpopulations with only minors (C0, 0.54 vs. 0.46, p = 0.714), and young children (C0, 0.67 vs. 0.50, p = 0.081). Regrettably, there was a lack of long‐term data on follow‐up evaluations for efficacy and impact of HMME‐PDT on young children in general, and central nervous system development in particular, because their blood‐brain barriers have a greater permeability as compared to adults.ConclusionPDL shows overall albeit insignificantly higher clearance rates than HMME‐PDT in patients of all ages; particularly statistical significance is nearly achieved in young children. Collectively, current evidence is insufficient to support HMME–PDT as the first choice of treatment of PWBs in young children given: (1) overall inferior efficacy as compared to PDL; (2) risk of off‐target exposure to meningeal vasculature during the procedure; (3) administration of steriods for mitigation of side effects; ‐and (4) lack of long‐term data on the potential impact of HMME on central nervous system development in young children.
Mass spectrometry of dendrimers
Authors: Redding McKenna J. , Grayson Scott M. , Charles Laurence 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS) has become an essential technique to characterize dendrimers as it proved efficient at tackling analytical challenges raised by their peculiar onion‐like structure. Owing to their chemical diversity, this review covers benefits of MS methods as a function of dendrimer classes, discussing advantages and limitations of ionization techniques, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategies to determine the structure of defective species, as well as most recently demonstrated capabilities of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) in the field. Complementarily, the well‐defined structure of these macromolecules offers major advantages in the development of MS‐based method, as reported in a second section reviewing uses of dendrimers as MS and IMS calibration standards and as multifunctional charge inversion reagents in gas phase ion/ion reactions.
First Monte Carlo beam model for ultra‐high dose rate radiotherapy with a compact electron LINAC
Authors: Dai Tianyuan , Sloop Austin M. , Rahman Mahbubur R. , Sunnerberg Jacob P. , Clark Megan A. , Young Ralph , Adamczyk Sebastian , Von Voigts‐Rhetz Philip , Patane Chris , Turk Michael , Jarvis Lesley , Pogue Brian W. , Gladstone David J. , Bruza Petr , Zhang Rongxiao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundFLASH radiotherapy based on ultra‐high dose rate (UHDR) is actively being studied by the radiotherapy community. Dedicated UHDR electron devices are currently a mainstay for FLASH studies.PurposeTo present the first Monte Carlo (MC) electron beam model for the UHDR capable Mobetron (FLASH‐IQ) as a dose calculation and treatment planning platform for preclinical research and FLASH‐radiotherapy (RT) clinical trials.MethodsThe initial beamline geometry of the Mobetron was provided by the manufacturer, with the first‐principal implementation realized in the Geant4‐based GAMOS MC toolkit. The geometry and electron source characteristics, such as energy spectrum and beamline parameters, were tuned to match the central‐axis percentage depth dose (PDD) and lateral profiles for the pristine beam measured during machine commissioning. The thickness of the small foil in secondary scatter affected the beam model dominantly and was fine tuned to achieve the best agreement with commissioning data. Validation of the MC beam modeling was performed by comparing the calculated PDDs and profiles with EBT‐XD radiochromic film measurements for various combinations of applicators and inserts.ResultsThe nominal 9 MeV electron FLASH beams were best represented by a Gaussian energy spectrum with mean energy of 9.9 MeV and variance (σ) of 0.2 MeV. Good agreement between the MC beam model and commissioning data were demonstrated with maximal discrepancy < 3% for PDDs and profiles. Hundred percent gamma pass rate was achieved for all PDDs and profiles with the criteria of 2 mm/3%. With the criteria of 2 mm/2%, maximum, minimum and mean gamma pass rates were (100.0%, 93.8%, 98.7%) for PDDs and (100.0%, 96.7%, 99.4%) for profiles, respectively.ConclusionsA validated MC beam model for the UHDR capable Mobetron is presented for the first time. The MC model can be utilized for direct dose calculation or to generate beam modeling input required for treatment planning systems for FLASH‐RT planning. The beam model presented in this work should facilitate translational and clinical FLASH‐RT for trials conducted on the Mobetron FLASH‐IQ platform.
Measuring the merit of a sensationalist documentary: A critical assessment of the Julcuy “Giant”
Authors: Landol Nicholas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis commentary evaluates the assertions presented in the documentary series Code of the Wild that the skeleton of a 7‐ft Manteño‐Huancavilca individual allegedly recovered in the Ecuadorian village of Julcuy serves as evidence that a population of individuals of considerable stature once inhabited the region. Given that an intact femur survived a flood that occurred in Julcuy during the rainy season of 2023, it was possible to implement the Trotter and Gleser technique to determine the individual's stature with precision. By analyzing the femur of this individual, the commentary demonstrates that the stature of the individual had been grossly overestimated. This commentary reinforces the significance of mathematical formulae devised to determine living stature as opposed to rudimentary field measurements.
Growth of polyaniline nanowire arrays on boron nitride microrods enables high‐efficient thermal transport
Authors: Han Weifang , Liu Deyi , Zhou Yajie , Zhang Han , Xing Anqi , Fu Peng , Jia Zhengfeng , Lin Yan , Li Yuchao , Li Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of flexible conductive materials has promoted the research on conductive polymer (CP)‐based materials. However, CPs have relatively low thermal conductivity (TC), which can result in severe heat dissipation problems for device applications. In this work, core–sheath structured polyaniline@boron nitride (BN@PANI) composites were prepared by in‐situ growth strategy, in which PANI nanowire arrays were uniformly anchored to the surface of BN microrods. Thanks to the particular structure, the as‐prepared BN@PANI composite shows excellent thermal management capabilities. Specifically, the TC of the BN@PANI composite is 4.32 W/m·K at low BN loading of 10 wt%, which is almost 17.8 times that of pure PANI. Moreover, the excellent heat dissipation performance is intuitively presented through infrared imaging technology. Impressively, the PANI nanowire arrays are vertically arranged on the BN surface to form a conductive pathway, which results in conductivity comparable to pure PANI. This work broadens the ideas for preparing high‐performance CP‐based composites by using insulating fillers.Highlights
Core–sheath structured BN@PANI composites were prepared by an in‐situ growth strategy.
The thermal conductivity of composite was 4.32 W/m·K at 10 wt% BN loading.
The introduction of BN had little effect on the conductivity of PANI.
The BN@PANI composites possessed excellent thermal management capability.
This work contributes to understanding heat transport in conductive polymers.
Interdiscursive struggles: Managing the co‐existence of the conventional and open strategy discourse
Authors: Langenmayr Theresa , Seidl David , Splitter Violetta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractResearch Summary“Open strategy” is a new macro discourse on strategy that differs fundamentally from the conventional strategy discourse. In this paper, we examine how actors deal with the co‐existence of the two discourses, given their conflicting nature. For this purpose, we draw on a longitudinal, in‐depth case study of an international finance firm that introduced open strategy alongside the conventional strategy discourse that had shaped their strategy work in the past. We find that strategy actors deal with interdiscursive tensions by enacting meta‐discursive practices that regulate the mobilization of the two strategy discourses. Furthermore, we identify power as an important driver and necessary resource in enacting these practices. With these findings, we contribute to the open strategy literature and the literature on organization and strategy discourse.Managerial SummaryThere is a recent trend for opening up the strategy process to actors outside the upper echelons, which is referred to as “open strategy.” This new approach is based on a fundamentally different logic than the conventional approach to strategy making; while the latter highlights exclusivity and secrecy, the former stresses inclusivity and transparency. This empirical study examines how managers deal with tensions that arise from the co‐existence of these approaches. We find that managers try to resolve these tensions by regulating where and when each approach can be applied. We also show that the switch from one way of regulating the application of approaches to another depends on the power and interests of the participants.