bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic distribution of blood flow in ponies during 1.45%, 1.96%, and 2.39% end-tidal isoflurane-02 anesthesia
Authors: Manohar Murli , Gustafson Rand , Goetz Thomas E. , Nganwa David 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of 1.1,1.5, and 1.8 minimal alveolar concentration (mac) isoflurane-O2 (1.45%, 1.96%, and 2.39% end-tidal isoflurane, respectively) anesthesia on cardiac output, blood pressure, and blood flow to the brain, thyroid giands, adrenal glands, kidneys, and splanchnic organs were examined in 9 healthy isocapnic adult ponies. Tissue blood flows were studied using 15-μm diameter radio-nuclide-labeled microspheres that were injected into the left ventricle, and comparisons were made with data obtained from ponies in the conscious state.
Isoflurane anesthesia caused dose-related reduction in cardiac output and arterial blood pressure, but total peripheral resistance was not significantly altered (P > 0.05). In the brain, vasodilation occurred with exposure to isoflurane that peaked at 1.5 mac Vasodilation was more pronounced in the cerebellum, pons, and medulla, compared with that in the cerebrum. Perfusion increased in cerebellar gray, as well as white, matter. However, in the cerebrum, blood flow increased in the white matter, whereas it decreased in caudate nuclei and was similar to value in the cortex of awake ponies. In thyroid glands and pancreas, intense vasoconstriction occurred during isoflurane anesthesia which caused precipitous reduction in blood flow in these organs. By contrast, adrenal gland blood flow was not affected during the 3 levels of isoflurane anesthesia because vasodilation occurred. The renal blood flow registered dose-dependent reductions during isoflurane-02 anesthesia, but renal vasoconstriction occurred only during the deepest level (1.8 mac) of anesthesia. Although the small intestine and colon blood flow decreased with each concentration of isoflurane, the splenic blood flow remained unaffected. In isocapnic ponies, isoflurane-02 anesthesia caused marked vasoconstriction in thyroid glands, pancreas, and kidneys (only at 1.8 mac), but vasodilatation occurred in the brain and adrenal glands. Isoflurane anesthesia decreased renal, small intestine, and colon blood flows.
Monensin toxicosis in swine: Potentiation by tiamulin administration and ameliorative effect of treatment with selenium and/or vitamin E
Authors: Van Vleet John F. , Runnels Lewis J. , Cook James R. , Scheidt Alan B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Modulation of acute monensin toxicosis in swine was evaluated in 2 studies. In study 1, 56 weanling male pigs were allotted to 14 groups of 4 each. Pigs in 7 groups were given tiamulin in the drinking water (to supply 7.7 mg/kg of body weight/day) for 3 days before and for 2 days after monensin administration. Monensin was given as a single oral dose (at 0, 7.5, 15, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg/kg) to pigs in groups with or without tiamulin exposure. Prominent acute clinical signs of monensin toxicosis (hypermetria, hind limb ataxia, paresis, knuckling of hind limbs, and recumbency) developed by 2 to 6 hours after dosing in pigs given 15 or 25 mg of monensin/kg with tiamulin exposure, but not in pigs given the 15 or 25 mg of monensin/kg without tiamulin exposure. Also, the extent of monensin-induced skeletal muscle damage at 4 days after monensin dosing was enhanced in pigs given 7.5,15, or 25 mg of monensin/kg and exposed to tiamulin.
In study 2, 48 weanling male pigs were allotted to 8 groups of 6 each. Four groups of pigs were given 20 mg of monensin/kg orally, and 4 groups were given 100 mg of monensin/kg orally. For each monensin dose, a group was treated 24 hours before monensin administration with (i) selenium (Se)-vitamin E preparation, 0.25 mg of Se and 68 IU of d-ot-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E)/kg, im; (ii) vitamin E only, 68 IU of d-a-tocopheryl acetate/kg; (iii) Se only, 0.25 mg of Se/kg; or (iv) vehicle. Treatment with Se-vitamin E or with vitamin E only gave protection against monensin-induced skeletal muscle damage and indicated that vitamin E, rather than Se, was essential to provide this protection. However, treatments with Se-vitamin E, Se, or vitamin E did not alter the severity of acute clinical signs of monensin toxicosis. In swine, different pathogenetic mechanisms may be responsible for early transient clinical signs of monensin toxicosis and for the late-appearing lesions of skeletal muscle damage.
Spinal-evoked potentials in dogs with acute compressive thoracolumbar spinal cord disease
Authors: Shores Andy , Redding Richard W. , Knecht Charles D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Spinal evoked potentials (SpEP) were recorded on an electromyograph from electrodes placed percutaneously in the ligamentum flava at the lumbosacral junction and between the 10th and 11th thoracic vertebrae following tibial nerve stimulation in 31 anesthetized dogs with acute compressive spinal cord injuries.
The neurologic status of each dog was determined by clinical examination before SpEP recordings, and the neurologic status was monitored for 2 months in dogs that had surgical or conservative treatment. Two months after spinal injury, the response to treatment (outcome) of each dog was evaluated and graded as favorable (ambulatory and urinary continent) or unfavorable (nonambulatory, urinary incontinent, or euthanatized with confirmation of myelomalacia). Onset latencies, conduction velocities, amplitudes and durations of the wave forms, and the ratio of conduction velocity to combined durations of the first positive (P1) and first negative (N1) waves (cv/dpn index) were determined and were compared with reference data from clinically normal (control) dogs.
Single SpEP recordings were of value in determining the prognosis for recovery. Significant differences were not found in the L7-S1 recordings between the reference (control) and spinal injury groups. Analysis of data from the T10-11 recordings indicated significant differences between the reference and spinal injury groups and between the favorable and unfavorable outcome groups within the spinal injury group. A cv/dpn index was < 30 in dogs with unfavorable outcomes and > 30 in dogs with favorable outcomes. Stepwise discriminant analysis of data from the spinal injury group predicted outcome correctly in all dogs.
Early embryonic death in heifers after inoculation with bovine herpesvirus-1 and reactivation of latent virus in reproductive tissues
Authors: Miller J. M. , Van Der Maaten M. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirteen crossbred heifers seronegative for bovine her-pesvirus-1 (bhv-1) were bred naturally to a seronegative bull. Eight heifers were inoculated with bhv-1, iv, on postbreeding day (pbd) 7 or 14. Viremia was detected in heifers 1 through 7, and virus also was isolated from nasal and vaginal secretions of heifers 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7.
The pregnancy status of all heifers was monitored from pbd 14 to pbd 35 by determining plasma progesterone concentrations at 1- to 3-day intervals. Decreased progesterone values indicated that pregnancy was not maintained in bhv-l-inoculated heifers 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8. The postbreeding interestrual period of these 6 heifers was normal or only slightly longer than would be expected in the absence of conception. All 5 noninoculated heifers were pregnant on pbd 35.
Three to 4 months after acute infection, all bhv-1 inoculated heifers were treated with dexamethasone for 5 days and were euthanatized. Nasal and vaginal swab specimens were tested daily during dexamethasone treatment for excreted bhv-1, and reproductive tissues and adrenal glands were collected at necropsy for virologie tests and histopathologic examination.
Virus reactivation was demonstrated in heifers 2 through 8. The bhv-1 isolations were made from adrenal glands of heifers 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8, vaginal swab specimens of heifers 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7, and nasal swab specimens of heifers 2, 3, and 6. Only heifer 3 had virus in reproductive tissues; these isolations were made from ovary, infundi-bulum, and uterine tube, but not from endometrium. The only histopathologic changes were in adrenal glands of heifers 2 through 7, the most characteristic lesion being a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate. Adrenal glands of heifers 4 and 7 had foci of mineralization, and necrotic foci also were observed in the glands of heifer 7. The necrotic tissue had cells with typical herpesvirus-type intranuclear inclusions, and bhv-1 antigen was demonstrated in these areas by immunohistochemical examination. Antigen was not found in the other infected adrenal glands or in the reproductive tissues from which virus was isolated.
Effects of body position and ventilation/compression ratios during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in cats
Authors: Henik Rosemary A. , Wingfield Wayne E. , Angleton George M. , Porter Robert E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eighteen cats were anesthetized and were randomly assigned to 2 groups (9 cats/group). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) was performed on each cat, with the cat in dorsal (group 1) or lateral (group 2) recumbency, by administering 5 external cardiac compressions/1 interposed (diastolic) ventilation (American Heart Association [AHA] technique; n = 3 cats/technique), simultaneous compression and ventilation (scv; n = 3 cats/technique), or scv with 1 interposed (diastolic) ventilation every tenth compression (scv/dv; n = 3 cats/technique). Fourteen of the 18 cats were resuscitated.
Central aortic and venous pressures were determined concurrently with lead II electrocardiography. Arterial blood samples were collected during the base-line period (after pressure fluctuations had stabilized, with the cats spontaneously breathing room air), 2.5 minutes after the onset of arrest (defined as the cessation of aortic pressure fluctuations), and after 10 minutes of cpr.
Arterial blood gas values during the base-line period or during the period of arrest were not significantly different between group-1 and group-2 cats. After cpr, arterial pH and bicarbonate values were not significantly different between groups or between technique categories. The Paco2 values were significantly lower in cats resuscitated by scv or by scv/dv than in cats resuscitated by AHA (P < 0.05). The Pao2 values were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in group-2 cats than in group-1 cats and were significantly (P < 0.001) different between each technique category, with cats resuscitated by AHA having the lowest Pao2 and cats resuscitated by scv/dv having the highest Pao2. Body position, cpr technique, sex, weight, or arterial blood gas values after cpr were not predictors of successful resuscitation.
Oxymorphone: Cardiovascular, pulmonary, and behavioral effects in dogs
Authors: Copland Virginia S. , Haskins Steve C. , Patz John D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cardiovascular, pulmonary, and behavioral effects of multiple doses of oxymorphone in 10 nonanesthetized, spontaneously breathing, healthy dogs were studied, Oxymorphone (0.4 mg/kg of body weight) was administered iv, and at 20, 40, and 60 minutes after the first injection was given, 0.2 mg of oxymorphone/kg was administered. Cardiovascular and pulmonary variables were measured before (base line) and at 5, 15, 35, 55, 75, 100, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, and 300 minutes after the first oxymorphone injection. Degree of sedation and behavioral effects also were recorded. Naloxone (0.04 mg/kg, iv) was administered 4.5 hours after the 4th oxymorphone injection, and behavioral changes were recorded.
Oxymorphone induced mild respiratory depression. After transient apnea developed, respiratory rate increased to a pant, tidal volume decreased, and minute ventilation increased, but these values were not significantly (P=0.05) different from base line. The PaCO2, physiologic dead space, and base deficit increased; alveolar tidal volume decreased; and alveolar minute ventilation did not change. The PaO2 decreased, hemoglobin and arterial O2 content increased, and O2 transport did not change. Venous admixture transiently increased.
Oxymorphone induced minimal cardiovascular depression. Mean arterial blood pressure, stroke volume, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary wedge pressure increased. Heart rate decreased, systemic vascular resistance transiently increased, and cardiac output transiently decreased. Because the dogs moved spontaneously, responded to sound with sudden, vigorous movements, and breathed with excessive effort, oxymorphone alone was considered inadequate as a general anesthetic.
Activity of β-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam plus ampicillin against animal isolates of Pasteurella, Haemophilus, and Staphylococcus
Authors: Girard Arthur E. , Schelkly William U. , Murphy Kathryn T. , Sawyer Perry S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Antibiotic susceptibilities of Pasteurella sp, Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus isolates were determined. The combination of sodium sulbactam, a β-lactamase inhibitor, and ampicillin had a synergistic effect against all ampicillin-resistant pathogens, rendering them susceptible to ampicillin. Studies of cell-free β-lactamase from Pasteurella and Haemophilus isolates confirmed the presence of a constitutive penicillinase. Inhibitory concentrations of sulbactam-ampicillin were bactericidal, as demonstrated by killing curves. Ampicillin-resistant Pasteurella and Haemophilus isolates did not develop resistance to sulbactam-am-picillin when passed as many as 8 times in the presence of sublethal concentrations of sulbactam-ampicillin. The in vitro synergistic activity of sulbactam-penicillin also was seen in an in vivo synergistic response in mice challenge exposed to an ampicillin-resistant P haemolytica.
Unipolar thoracic electrocardiography that induces QRS complexes of relative uniformity from male horses
Authors: Illera J. C. , Illera M. , Hamlin R. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Electrocardiograms were obtained from 100 male crossbred horses. In addition to standard limb leads, leads were taken from 12 points on the thorax. The QRS complexes were categorized into 1 of 8 forms on the basis of configuration and amplitudes of component deflections. Relative uniformity of QRS was determined for each lead, using the percentage of horses that possess a particular configuration. All unipolar thoracic leads, except those coplanar with the frontal plane, and lead aVR had great uniformity, with > 80% of the horses with a QRS of similar contour.
Evaluation of plasma aldosterone concentrations before and after ACTH administration in clinically normal dogs and in dogs with various diseases
Authors: Willard M. D. , Refsal K. , Thacker E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma aldosterone concentrations were measured in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) gel administration in clinically normal dogs, in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism, and in dogs (with electrolyte abnormalities) that did not have hypoadrenocorticism. Baseline plasma aldosterone concentrations were determined from specimens obtained every 10 minutes for 3 hours from 2 dogs and every 30 minutes for 7.5 hours from 2 other dogs. During the evaluation period, plasma aldosterone concentrations varied by at least 50% in each dog.
A randomized crossover design was used to compare changes in plasma aldosterone concentrations after administration of acth gel and physiologic NaCl solution. Dogs had significantly (P = 0.002) higher plasma aldosterone concentrations after administration of acth gel than after administration of NaCl solution. Plasma Cortisol concentrations increased as expected after acth gel administration. Analysis of Cortisol and aldosterone concentrations in the same specimens obtained at 7 sample collection times did not reveal significant linear correlation, and scatterplots did not indicate a nonlinear association. In addition, plasma aldosterone concentrations were determined in response to acth administration alone and to acth combined with a high dose of dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg, iv). The plasma aldosterone response to acth alone was not significantly different from the response to acth combined with dexamethasone. For both tests, plasma aldosterone concentrations at 60 and 120 minutes after acth administration were significantly (P < 0.0005 and P = 0.0001, respectively), increased, compared with base-line values. Six dogs with adrenocortical hypofunction, as determined by plasma Cortisol concentrations before and after acth administration, had plasma aldosterone concentrations that were diminished or did not increase after acth administration. Six hyponatremic (± hyperkalemia dogs with diseases not attributable to generalized adrenocortical hypofunction had base-line or acth-stimulated aldosterone concentrations that were different from values determined in normal dogs.
Effects of halothane anesthesia on the clearance of gentamicin sulfate in horses
Authors: Smith C. M. , Steffey E. P. , Baggot J. D. , Dunlop C. I. , Farver T. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Inhalation anesthetics decrease the clearance of some drugs that are eliminated by renal excretion. The purpose of the study reported here was to investigate the effects of halothane anesthesia on the pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of gentamicin sulfate, using the horse as a model. Using a crossover design, pharmacokinetic values after a single iv dose of gentamicin (4 mg/kg) were compared in halothane-anesthetized and unanesthetized horses. Compared with unanesthetized horses, the anesthetized horses had significant decreases in total body clearance (P < 0.01) and apparent volume of distribution (P < 0.05), and a significant increase in half-life (P < 0.05) of gentamicin.
Efficacy and toxicity of tamoxifen citrate for prevention and termination of pregnancy in bitches
Authors: Bowen R. A. , Olson P. N. , Young S. , Withrow S. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five groups of bitches were given tamoxifen citrate (1 mg/kg of body weight) orally twice daily for 10 days. Drug administration commenced during late proestrus, day 4 of estrus, day 2 of diestrus, day 15 of diestrus, or day 30 of diestrus (n = 4/group). Nineteen of the bitches accepted natural mating by 1 or more of 3 stud dogs of known fertility (1 bitch did not). Twenty days after cessation of drug administration, ovarian, uterine, and hepatic specimens were obtained from each bitch in 4 of the groups. Pregnancy proceeded to natural termination in bitches of the remaining group (diestrous day 30). Pregnancy was not detected in any bitch of the proestrus, estrous, or early diestrous groups. Of 4 bitches of each of the remaining groups (diestrous day 15 and diestrous day 30), 2 aborted fetuses and/or resorbed placental remnants; the other 2 bitches in each of these groups had normal-appearing fetuses (diestrous day-15 group) or clinically normal pups (diestrous day-30 group). Of the 20 bitches given tamoxifen citrate, 5 developed endometritis with or without pyometra, and 4 of these had ovarian cysts.
Although tamoxifen citrate is effective for preventing or terminating pregnancy in the bitch, the regimen used in the study reported here was associated with high frequency of pathologic changes in the reproductive tract.
Systemic lupus erythematosus in a colony of dogs
Authors: Monier J. C. , Fournel C. , Lapras M. , Dardenne M. , Randle T. , Fontaine C. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A colony of dogs was obtained by the mating of a female German Shepherd Dog crossbred and a male Belgian Shepherd Dog crossbred, both with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). The colony also contained 16 dogs representing Fl, F2, and F3 generations. Ten colony dogs had circulating antinuclear antibodies, and 5 of the 10 had clinical signs of sle. Two F3-generation females had signs of severe sle. Two dogs had antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen, notably 1 dog had antibodies to Smith (Sm) antigen and 1 had antibodies to Sjogren syndrome A (ssa) antigen. Thymulin (serum thymic factor associated with zinc) titers were generally low in the descendants, but fluctuations were detected within the same dog. In vitro response of lymphocytes from these colony dogs to concanavalin A was maximal for lower mitogenic concentrations, compared with response of lymphocytes from 10 healthy dogs. The suppressive lymphocyte activity in 6 autoimmune colony dogs was diminished in comparison with the activity in 5 nonautoimmune colony dogs and 6 healthy dogs.
Bacteriologic and histologic studies of hepatic abscesses in cattle
Authors: Lechtenberg K. F. , Nagaraja T. G. , Leipold H. W. , Chengappa M. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-eight abscessed livers were collected from feed-lot cattle at an abattoir; specimens were obtained from 49 abscesses for bacteriologic culture and for histologic examination. Cultural procedures included techniques to enumerate and isolate facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from all 49 abscesses, whereas facultative bacteria were isolated from only 22. Mean bacterial counts for anaerobic and facultative bacteria were 3 × 108 and 8 × 108 bacteria/g of purulent material, respectively. Fusobacterium necrophorum, the only anaerobe isolated, was detected in 100% of the abscesses. Fusobacterium necrophorum biotype A was isolated from 57% of the abscesses (in pure culture from 75%), and F necrophorum biotype B was isolated from 47% of the abscesses (from 96% with mixed infections). Corynebacterium pyogenes was the predominant facultative bacterium isolated. Histologic changes in abscesses were qualitatively similar; abscesses were pyogranulomatous, with a necrotic center surrounded by zones of inflammatory tissue. However, the severity of lesions varied, depending on the F necrophorum biotype involved. Portal triad fibrosis and bile-duct proliferation were most severe in biotype A and mixed biotype B infections and less severe in abscesses from which biotype B was isolated in pure culture.
Bovine adenovirus type-3 infection in feedlot calves
Authors: Mattson D. E. , Norman B. B. , Dunbar J. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The frequency of bovine adenovirus type-3 (BA3) infection in 84 of 165 light feeder calves and the possible role of BA3 in inducing febrile disease and affecting weight gain performance were studied for 56 days after the calves entered a feedlot. Samples of blood for serotesting were obtained periodically, and samples for virus isolation were collected on days 28 and 56. At the time the calves entered the feedlot, 17.8% (15 of 84) had serum virus-neutralizing antibodies to BA3. During 56 days, 54.8% (46 of 84) seroconverted to BA3. Of these seroconversions, 87% took place during the first 28 days. Bovine adenovirus type-3 was isolated from 2 calves (1 isolate each on days 28 and 56). Pyrexia (≥ 39.2 C) was observed more often in BA3-infected calves than in noninfected calves. However, there was no significant (P < 0.05) difference in weight gain between the BA3-infected and noninfected calves.