bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Global Network on Dental Education: a new vision for IFDEA
Authors: De Vries J. , Murtomaa H. , Butler M. , Cherrett H. , Ferrillo P. , Ferro M. B. , Gadbury‐Amyot C. , Haden N. K. , Manogue M. , Mintz J. , Mulvihill J. E. , Murray B. , Nattestad A. , Nielsen D. , Ogunbodede E. , Parkash H. , Plasschaert F. , Reed M. T. , Rupp R. L. , Tandon S. , Wang B. , Wang S. , Yucel T. , Valachovic R. W. , Watkinson A. , Shanley D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe advent of globalization has changed our perspectives radically. It presents increased understanding of world affairs, new challenges and exciting opportunities. The inequitable distribution and use of finite energy resources and global warming are just two examples of challenges that can only be addressed by concerted international collaboration. Globalization has become an increasingly important influence on dentistry and dental education. The International Federation for Dental Educators and Associations (IFDEA) welcomes the challenges it now faces as a player in a complex multifaceted global community. This report addresses the new circumstances in which IFDEA must operate, taking account of the recommendations made by other working groups. The report reviews the background and evolution of IFDEA and describes the extensive developments that have taken place in IFDEA over the past year with the introductions of a new Constitution and Bylaws overseen by a newly established Board of Directors. These were the consequence of a new mission, goals and objectives for IFDEA. An expanded organization is planned usinghttp://www.IFDEA.orgas the primary instrument to facilitate the exchange of knowledge, programmes and expertise between colleagues and federated associations throughout the world, thereby promoting higher standards in oral health through education in low‐, middle‐ and high‐income countries of the world. Such aspirations are modified by the reality and enormity of poverty‐related global ill health.
Ethics, Politics and Imperfection
Authors: Haldane John 
Published: February 2008

AbstractRecent social change has produced a relocation of the sense of personal identity from communities rooted in time and place to voluntary associations gathered around common interests. In consequence, the focus of moral consciousness has shifted from natural human values to constructed, systems of rights and obligations.Against these trends I argue that while times and circumstances change, the principal moral truths remain constant as do their implications for the place of ethics in public life: first, do no evil; and second, do unto others as you would have them do unto you. What lies beyond is not in the field of moral law, though it may be in the field of moral virtue. Here what is required is, as St Augustine, Adam Smith and Aurel Kolnai would say, human wisdom; and it part of human wisdom to recognize that in public life where what is at issue includes the well-being of the community, one does better to strive for the good and the acceptable than to seek for the perfect.
Secularisation and Human Identity in Christ
Authors: Lawson J 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe ability of Christian discourse to give people a sense of their identity sustains the concrete church. The cultural revolt of the 1960s which suddenly weakened the power of discursive Christianity in Britain may be partially explained in terms of the deterritorializing power of capitalism. In the context of this deterritorialization the formation of self-identity becomes more difficult and strong religious identities have a new appeal. Post liberal theologians have endorsed the identity-forming power of the church. But Christian identity must still be worked out in relation to what lies beyond the borders of the church. Christians rediscover their own foundational story in the acts and deeds of others. Theological formation should involve not only an immersion in the Christian tradition but also the search for what recognisably shares in the same project that the gospel defines. The history of personalism suggests what this search might look like in practice.
Factors associated with oral health perception in older Brazilians
Authors: Nunes Claudete Ivani Panizzi , Abegg Claídes 
Published: February 2008

Objectives:  To investigate the self‐perception of oral health in older people, aged 65–74, from the central region of southern Brazil.Methods:  Cross‐sectional population‐based study using data from the Oral Health Conditions Survey of Southern Brazil, developed between the years 2002 and 2003, by the State Health Secretary (SHS) of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Socioeconomic and demographic variables, self‐perception of oral health and clinical data, as well as dental pain were evaluated in 618 elderly people. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of explanatory variables on the self‐perception of oral health.Results:  Almost half of the elderly were edentate and rated their oral health as good or very good. With regard to dental pain, 28.8% of the people declared that they had experienced dental pain in the 6 months before the interview. There was a significant relationship between dental pain and classification of oral health, and chewing ability. Following adjustment, the need for dental prostheses remained associated with the influence of oral health on establishing relationships. Similarly, personal income remained associated with the elderly's perception of their ability to talk. Finally, the level of education remained related to the influence of oral health status in people's relationships.Conclusion:  Dental pain and the need for dental prostheses were the main factors that affected the self‐perception of oral health of elderly people from southern Brazil.
Accountability Constructions, Contestations and Implications: Insights from Working in a Yolngu Cross‐Cultural Institution, Australia
Authors: Muller Samantha 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAccountability, a keyword in the development discourse, also takes centre stage in the practical politics of the development processes. Accountability requirements for funding, governance and recognition operate at multiple scales to ensure standards are complied with, funds are accounted for, corruption is minimised, and the impact government and other donor contributions have on the development process is maximised. However, for many intended beneficiaries, the demands of accountability procedures and the relationships they set in place create tension and can conflict with local accountability practices and governance; as is exemplified by the experiences of the Dhimurru Land Management Aboriginal Corporation in Northeast Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. Dhimurru, an incorporated Aboriginal land and sea management organisation, was established by Yolngu land‐owners, who have long‐standing perspectives on accountability, self‐determination, environmental protection and development that highlight the requirement and challenges of contextualising accountability in the context of local procedures and practices.
Global Political Economy: Power, Labour, Politics
Authors: Tonkiss Fran 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis discussion examines the issue of globalisation in terms of the interaction of economy, politics and power. It begins by considering the claims implied by the language of globalisation. How extensive and inclusive is the global economy? The second section goes on to outline the broad geography of globalisation in terms of a balance of power that is both highly uneven but also subject to marked changes. While the global economy as this developed since the 1970s may have reproduced established patterns of colonial and post‐war economic power, in the current century, power is shifting away from these nineteenth‐ and twentieth‐century models to a new balance of regional power in which large Asian economies may dominate. Alongside these patterns of regional and national power, third, the discussion considers the uneven geography of capital and labour captured in models of an international division of labour that is organised by flows of capital investment but also of mobile workers. The final section offers an overview of the architecture of global politics, from the level of international institutions and nation‐states, to non‐governmental bodies that operate across borders to support or resist the workings of a global economy.
Growth Suppression of Lung Cancer Cells by Targeting Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein
Authors: Aggarwal Sita , Kim Seung-Wook , Ryu Seung-Hee , Chung Wen-Cheng , Koo Ja Seok 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Genes regulated by cyclic AMP–response element-binding protein (CREB) have been reported to suppress apoptosis, induce cell proliferation, and mediate inflammation and tumor metastasis. However, it is not clear whether CREB is critically involved in lung carcinogenesis. We found that non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines exhibited elevated constitutive activity in CREB, in its immediate upstream kinases (ribosomal s6 kinase and extracellular signal kinase), and in the CREB-regulated cell survival proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. We hypothesized that constitutively active CREB is important to lung cancer cell growth and survival and therefore could be a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC. Ectopic expression of dominant repressor CREB and transfection with small interfering RNA against CREB suppressed the growth and survival of NSCLC cells and induced apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, treating H1734 NSCLC cells with an inhibitor of the CREB signaling pathway Ro-31-8220 inhibited CREB activation by blocking the activity of extracellular signal kinase and ribosomal s6 kinase, arrested the cell cycle at the G2-M phase, and subsequently induced apoptosis with the suppression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression. Ro-31-8220 suppressed both the anchorage-dependent and independent growth of NSCLC cells, but its cytotoxic effect was much less prominent in normal bronchial epithelial cells. Our results indicate that active CREB plays an important role in NSCLC cell growth and survival. Thus, agents that suppress CREB activation could have potential therapeutic value for NSCLC treatment. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):981–8]
Efficient Identification of a Novel Cancer/Testis Antigen for Immunotherapy Using Three-Step Microarray Analysis
Authors: Yokoe Takeshi , Tanaka Fumiaki , Mimori Koshi , Inoue Hiroshi , Ohmachi Takahiro , Kusunoki Masato , Mori Masaki 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Advanced technology in molecular biology has provided us powerful tools for the diagnosis and treatment for cancer. We herein adopted a new methodology to identify a novel cancer/testis (CT) antigen with high frequency of expression in colorectal cancer as follows: (a) combining laser microdissection and cDNA microarray was used to analyze the gene expression profile of colorectal cancer cells; (b) genes overexpressed in testis and underexpressed in normal colon epithelium were analyzed using cDNA microarray; and (c) the gene expression profile of colorectal cancer cells was compared with that of normal testis. Using this methodology, we selected 38 candidates for CT antigen. Among these genes, we identified a novel CT antigen, serine/threonine kinase 31 (STK31), which was previously reported as a gene expressed in spermatogonia. Reverse transcription–PCR analysis showed that STK31 gene expression levels in cancer samples were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.0001) than those in normal samples. The STK31 gene was frequently expressed not only in colorectal cancer but also in gastric and esophageal cancer. Moreover, STK31 peptide was able to elicit specific CTLs and induced CTLs lysed either peptide-loading or endogenously STK31-expressing target cells. These results showed that the new methodology in this study facilitated identification of CT antigens and that STK31 may be a candidate for cancer immunotherapy against gastrointestinal cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):1074–82]
Androgen Receptor and Invasion in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hara Takahito , Miyazaki Hideyo , Lee Aram , Tran Chau P. , Reiter Robert E. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Activation of androgen receptor (AR) stimulates the growth of not only androgen-dependent but also of androgen-refractory prostate cancer. However, neither the role of AR in invasion/metastasis nor the relationship between invasiveness and androgen-refractory status has been established. In this study, we used the androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line MDA PCa 2b, derived from a human bone metastasis, to generate an invasive subline (MDA-I) using a Matrigel chamber. MDA-I cells expressed higher levels of AR and prostate-specific antigen than their less invasive parental cells. Blocking AR function or removal of androgen suppressed the invasion of MDA-I cells, whereas stimulating AR increased invasion. In addition, forced AR overexpression increased the invasiveness of MDA PCa 2b cells. Next, we showed that an androgen-refractory subline (MDA-hr) of MDA PCa 2b cells also expressed higher levels of AR and were more invasive than their parental androgen-dependent cells. Blocking AR function suppressed the invasiveness of MDA-hr cells. Gelatin zymography indicated that matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 activities were regulated by AR signaling and closely correlated with the invasiveness of the androgen-dependent and androgen-refractory prostate cancer cells. These data suggest that AR promotes the invasiveness of both androgen-dependent and androgen-refractory prostate cancer and that a more invasive phenotype might develop through AR activation during cancer progression. These findings potentially support the use of adjuvant hormonal therapy and the future development of more potent androgen blockade therapy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):1128–35]
Promoter Hypermethylation of the PALB2 Susceptibility Gene in Inherited and Sporadic Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Potapova Anna , Hoffman Amanda M. , Godwin Andrew K. , Al-Saleem Tahseen , Cairns Paul 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2) gene was recently identified as a BRCA2-interacting protein and subsequently shown to be a Fanconi anemia gene (FANCN). Disease-associated point mutations resulting in protein truncation have been found in BRCA1/2 mutation–negative breast cancer families identifying PALB2 as a susceptibility gene for breast cancer. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation is a mechanism of inactivation of many tumor suppressor genes, including BRCA1 and p16INK4a, in breast and ovarian cancer. We therefore investigated the methylation status of a 1512 bp typical CpG island located in the promoter and exon 1 region of the PALB2 gene in 130 sporadic and familial breast and ovarian primary tumors, 9 cell lines, and 10 normal cell specimens. We found two primary breast tumors from BRCA2 mutation carriers, four sporadic primary breast tumors, and four sporadic primary ovarian tumors showed hypermethylation of the core promoter region of PALB2. All 10 normal tissue DNA had an unmethylated PALB2 promoter region. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR showed PALB2 expression to be reduced 28-fold in primary breast tumor with PALB2 promoter hypermethylation compared with matched normal breast tissue RNA. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of PALB2 is more frequent than the reported level of PALB2 point mutations in breast tumors from BRCA1/2-negative families and is similar to the frequency of BRCA1 hypermethylation in inherited and sporadic breast and ovarian cancers. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):998–1002]
ADAM15 Supports Prostate Cancer Metastasis by Modulating Tumor Cell–Endothelial Cell Interaction
Authors: Najy Abdo J. , Day Kathleen C. , Day Mark L. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Using human tumor and cDNA microarray technology, we have recently shown that the ADAM15 disintegrin is significantly overexpressed during the metastatic progression of human prostate cancer. In the current study, we used lentiviral-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) technology to down-regulate ADAM15 in the metastatic prostate cancer cell line, PC-3. ADAM15 down-regulation dramatically attenuated many of the malignant characteristics of PC-3 cells in vitro and prevented the s.c. growth of PC-3 cells in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. By inhibiting the expression of ADAM15 in PC-3 cells, we showed decreased cell migration and adhesion to specific extracellular matrix proteins. This was accompanied by a reduction in the cleavage of N-cadherin by ADAM15 at the cell surface. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis revealed reduced cell surface expression of the metastasis-associated proteins αv integrin and CD44. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinase 9 secretion and activity were abrogated in response to ADAM15 reduction. In an in vitro model of vascular invasion, loss of ADAM15 reduced PC-3 adhesion to, and migration through, vascular endothelial cell monolayers. Using an SCID mouse model of human prostate cancer metastasis, we found that the loss of ADAM15 significantly attenuated the metastatic spread of PC-3 cells to bone. Taken together, these data strongly support a functional role for ADAM15 in prostate tumor cell interaction with vascular endothelium and the metastatic progression of human prostate cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):1092–9]
Profound but Dysfunctional Lymphangiogenesis via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Ligands from CD11b+ Macrophages in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Jeon Bong-Hyun , Jang Cholsoon , Han Jinah , Kataru Raghu P. , Piao Lianhua , Jung Keehoon , Cha Hye Ji , Schwendener Reto A. , Jang Kyu Yun , Kim Kwan-Sik , Alitalo Kari , Koh Gou Young 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Severe ascites is a hallmark of advanced ovarian cancer (OVCA), yet the underlying mechanism that creates an imbalance between peritoneal vascular leakage and lymphatic drainage is unknown. Here, we identified and characterized peritoneal lymphatic vessels in OVCA mice, a model generated by implantation of human OVCA cells into athymic nude mice. The OVCA mice displayed substantial lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic remodeling, massive infiltration of CD11b+/LYVE-1+ macrophages and disseminated carcinomatosis in the mesentery and diaphragm, and progressive chylous ascites formation. Functional assays indicated that the abnormally abundant lymphatic vessels in the diaphragm were not conductive in peritoneal fluid drainage. Moreover, lipid absorbed from the gut leaked out from the aberrant mesenteric lymphatic vessels. Our results indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D, and VEGF-A from CD11b+ macrophages are responsible for producing OVCA-induced dysfunctional lymphangiogenesis, although other cell types contribute to the increased ascites formation. Accordingly, the combined blockade of VEGF-C/D and VEGF-A signaling with soluble VEGF receptor-3 and VEGF-Trap, respectively, markedly inhibited chylous ascites formation. These findings provide additional therapeutic targets to ameliorate chylous ascites formation in patients with advanced OVCA. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):1100–9]
FTY720 Induces Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through Activation of Protein Kinase C δ Signaling
Authors: Hung Jui-Hsiang , Lu Yen-Shen , Wang Yu-Chieh , Ma Yi-Hui , Wang Da-Sheng , Kulp Samuel K. , Muthusamy Natarajan , Byrd John C. , Cheng Ann-Lii , Chen Ching-Shih 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
This study was aimed at elucidating the mechanism by which FTY720, a synthetic sphingosine immunosuppressant, mediated antitumor effects in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The three HCC cell lines examined, Hep3B, Huh7, and PLC5, exhibited differential susceptibility to FTY720-mediated suppression of cell viability, with IC50 values of 4.5, 6.3, and 11 μmol/L, respectively. Although FTY720 altered the phosphorylation state of protein kinase B and p38, our data refuted the role of these two signaling kinases in FTY720-mediated apoptosis. Evidence indicates that the antitumor effect of FTY720 was attributable to its ability to stimulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which culminated in protein kinase C (PKC)δ activation and subsequent caspase-3–dependent apoptosis. We showed that FTY720 activated PKCδ through two distinct mechanisms: phosphorylation and caspase-3–dependent cleavage. Cotreatment with the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK abrogated the effect of FTY720 on facilitating PKCδ proteolysis. Equally important, pharmacologic inhibition or shRNA-mediated knockdown of PKCδ protected FTY720-treated Huh7 cells from caspase-3 activation. Moreover, FTY720 induced ROS production to different extents among the three cell lines, in the order of Hep3B &gt; Huh7 &gt;&gt; PLC5, which inversely correlated with the respective glutathione S-transferase π expression levels. The low level of ROS generation might underlie the resistant phenotype of PLC5 cells to the apoptotic effects of FTY720. Blockade of ROS production by an NADPH oxidase inhibitor protected Huh7 cells from FTY720-induced PKCδ activation and caspase-3–dependent apoptosis. Together, this study provides a rationale to use FTY720 as a scaffold to develop potent PKCδ-activating agents for HCC therapy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):1204–12]
Human Peroxiredoxin PrxI Is an Orthologue of Yeast Tsa1, Capable of Suppressing Genome Instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Iraqui Ismail , Faye Gérard , Ragu Sandrine , Masurel-Heneman Amélie , Kolodner Richard D. , Huang Meng-Er 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The peroxiredoxins (Prx) are conserved antioxidant proteins that use cysteine as the primary site of oxidation during the reduction of peroxides. Many organisms have more than one isoform of Prx. Deletion of TSA1, one of five Prxs in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, results in accumulation of a broad spectrum of mutations including gross chromosomal rearrangements. Deletion of TSA1 is synthetically lethal with mutations in RAD6 and several key genes involved in DNA double-strand break repair. Here, we have examined the function of human PrxI and PrxII, which share a high degree of sequence identity with Tsa1, by expressing them in S. cerevisiae cells under the control of the native TSA1 promoter. We found that expression of PrxI, but not PrxII, was capable of complementing a tsa1Δ mutant for a variety of defects including genome instability, the synthetic lethality observed in rad6Δ tsa1Δ and rad51Δ tsa1Δ double mutants, and mutagen sensitivity. Moreover, expression of either Tsa1 or PrxI prevented Bax-induced cell death. These data indicate that PrxI is an orthologue of Tsa1. PrxI and Tsa1 seem to act on the same substrates in vivo and share similar mechanisms of function. The observation that PrxI is involved in suppressing genome instability and protecting against cell death potentially provides a better understanding of the consequences of PrxI dysfunction in human cells. The S. cerevisiae system described here could provide a sensitive tool to uncover the mechanisms that underlie the function of human Prxs. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):1055–63]