bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harada's disease in the Japanese Akita
Authors: COTTELLL BEVERLEY D. , BARNETT K. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA case of Harada's disease (uveodermatological syndrome) in a 14‐month old female Japanese Akita is reported, the first record of this syndrome in the United Kingdom. This case was characterized by uveitis, dermatitis and some CNS involvement. The neurological component in this syndrome has not previously been reported in the dog. The Japanese Akita is a breed only recently introduced into the United Kingdom and in view of the small gene pool available the recognition of a syndrome with an apparently hereditary basis is of particular importance.
Inactivation of canine parvovirus by disinfectants and heat
Authors: McGAVING DAVID 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe resistance of canine parvovirus (CPV) to inactivation by chemical and thermal means was investigated. CPV with and without extraneous protein was tested against 15 commonly used disinfectants at room temperature. The titres of CPV remaining after 5 minutes disinfection time were greater than or equal to those remaining after 30 minutes regardless of the presence or absence of protein. Disinfection of CPV was accomplished more quickly and at lower concentrations of disinfectants when extraneous protein was absent. Halogen compounds, aldehydes and sodium hydroxide were the most acceptable CPV disinfectants. The presence of protein interfered with the two most frequently recommended CPV disinfectants—sodium hypo‐chlorite and formaldehyde. The resistance of CPV to inactivation by heat depended on the temperature and the duration of heating. Boiling (100°C) rapidly inactivated CPV. The virus was more resistant to lower temperatures. Detectable infectivity remained after 7 hours at 80°C and 72 hours at 56°C. At both 37°C and room temperature there was no significant change in infectivity titres over 72 hours.
Congestive cardiac failure in young Cocker Spaniels (a form of cardiomyopathy?): details of eight cases
Authors: THOMAS R. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTEight cases are described of young Cocker Spaniels with severe congestive heart failure that fulfil the criteria for a diagnosis of congestive cardiomyopathy. The differential diagnosis of cardiomyopathy and primary mitral/tricuspid valve disease is discussed. Clinical, radiographic, electro‐cardiographic, therapeutic and pathological details are reported. An analysis of pedigree records revealed a close ancestral relationship between six of the dogs.
Gastric displacement in dogs without clinical signs of acute dilatation
Authors: FRENDIN J. , FUNKQUIST B. , STAVENBORN M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTRadiographs from four dogs with non‐specific signs of digestive disturbances showed displacement of the fundus and pylorus corresponding to a 180o rotation of the stomach. All the dogs belonged to breeds with a high incidence of typical gastric torsion with dilatation. The possible importance of this gastric instability in the development of an acute attack of gastric torsion is discussed.
Treatment of pseudopregnancy in the bitch with cabergoline, an ergoline derivative
Authors: ARBEITER K. , BRASS W. , BALLABIO R. , JÖCHLE W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCabergoline, a new prolactin inhibitor, was evaluated clinically in 143 bitches with pseudopregnancy and, or, false lactation, 14 cases of lactation after ovariohysterectomy for the removal of dead fetuses, 12 cases of persisting lactation after early weaning, and five cases of eclampsia. The drug was administered as a once‐daily oral treatment (on food) in 139 cases or as subcutaneous injections at 48 hour intervals (maximum four injections) at a dose of 5, 2–5 or 1–5 μg/kg bodyweight in 35 cases. Improvement was evident within three to four days, and in 80 per cent of the cases clinical signs (abnormal behaviour, mammary gland swelling. milk secretion) had been significantly reduced or had disappeared within seven days. Treatment was successful in 95 per cent of the cases. Emesis was the only objectionable clinical side effect, being seen in 3 per cent of orally treated animals and necessitated withdrawal of one dog from the study. Vomiting occurred after the first (65‐7 per cent) and second (22‐9 per cent) injection only.
A new method of surgical treatment of hip dislocation in dogs and cats
Authors: MEHL N. BJERRING 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTHandling traumatic hip dislocation is a routine procedure in emergency clinics. Many cases are successfully managed with closed reduction and supportive bandage. However, when surgery is needed the techniques commonly in use are hampered with the lack of visualisation and may result in excessive joint trauma. This paper describes a new surgical method for stabilising the hip joint. The technique is called prearticular stabilisation. The principle is to avoid reluxation by limiting the range of rotatory movement of the femoral head by the use of heavy double mattress sutures tied between the tendons of insertion of the psoas minor and the gluteus medius muscles. The results of the first 11 cases are reported and long term as well as short term results are encouraging.
Congenital portosystemic shunts in the cat: A report of nine cases
Authors: BLAXTER A. C. , HOLT P. E. , PEARSON G. R. , GIBBS C. , GRUFFYDD‐JONES T. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical features, diagnosis, management and outcome of nine cases of congenital portosystemic shunt in the cat are reported. Neurological signs associated with hepatic encephalopathy and ptyalism were the main clinical signs. Six cases were presented as kittens less than six months of age and the remaining three cases were presented as adults, although in one of these signs were first noted at eight to 12 weeks of age. Fasting hyperammo‐naemia was the only consistent abnormal biochemical finding. Medical management was instituted in all cases and surgical partial ligation was later performed in four with recanalisation of the ligated vessel occurring in three cases. The condition in the cat is compared and contrasted with that in the dog.
Chronic hepatitis in the dog
Authors: RUTGERS H. C. , HAYWOOD S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTChronic hepatitis in the dog encompasses a diverse group of liver diseases characterised by a mixed inflammatory infiltrate within the hepatic parenchyma but with multiple causes. The aetiology is often unknown. Potential causes include hepatic copper accumulation, drugs, infections, and, speculatively, immune‐mediated disease. Diagnosis is made based on liver biopsy. Treatment is predominantly supportive, while corticosteroids may be indicated in selected cases with idiopathic chronic hepatitis.
Significance of the oculocardiac reflex during ophthalmic surgery in the dog
Authors: CLUTTON R. E. , BOYD C. , RICHARDS D. L. S. , SCHWINK K. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAntimuscarinic drugs were intentionally excluded from the anaesthetic protocol used in 72 dogs undergoing a variety of ophthalmic surgical procedures. Following premedication with acepromazine and morphine, anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and maintained with halothane vaporised in oxygen and nitrous oxide. Muscle relaxation was achieved in all dogs using either vecuronium or atracurium and ventilation was controlled to produce mild hypocapnia. Only one patient showed electrocardiographic and arterial blood pressure changes that could be attributed to the oculocardiac reflex. This indicates that the reflex is of minor clinical importance when anaesthesia results in good muscle relaxation, mild hypocapnia and adequate unconsciousness. When these conditions are present the routine use of atropine or glycopyrrolate is unwarranted during ocular surgery in the dog.
Primary ocular sarcomas in the cat
Authors: PEIFFER ROBERT L. , MONTICELLO THOMAS , BOULDIN THOMAS W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPrimary ocular sarcomas were diagnosed following enucleation (12) or necropsy (one) in 13 cats over an eight year period. Twelve of the 13 cats were males; ages of affected animals were seven to 15 years, with a mean of 12. Five of the cats had a history of previous trauma and six others had a history of chronic uveitis. Morphologically the neoplasm was comprised of undifferentiated spindle cells and appeared to arise in the anterior uvea. The cancer was quite aggressive, with extension into adjacent tissues and/or distant metastases commonly encountered. Seven of 12 cats experienced confirmed tumour related deaths within months following enucleation and one was humanely destroyed at the time of original presentation.
Long‐term evaluation of the pull‐through technique for vertical canal ablation for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs and cats
Authors: TIRGARI M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBetween January 1985 and May 1987 53 ears of 35 dogs and five cats with chronic otitis externa were operated on using the pull‐through technique for vertical canal ablation. Their postoperative follow‐up is analysed, evaluated and described in detail.
Bacterial infective arthritis in the dog
Authors: BENNETT DAVID , TAYLOR D. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBacterial infections of joints produce an inflammatory arthropathy. Most cases appear to be due to the haematogenous localisation of bacteria in a joint and trauma may predispose a joint to infection. Two clinical syndromes are identified; the classic acute onset case and a more chronic local grade infection syndrome. Affected joints are usually thickened and show pain on manipulation. The synovial fluid has increased numbers of white cells, most of which are polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Peripheral blood analysis may be normal and only a few dogs show systemic illness. Radiography in the early stage, will only show soft tissue changes; periosteal new bone and bony destruction are seen in longer standing cases. The carpus was the most frequently affected joint and the larger breeds, particularly the males, were over‐represented. Various organisms were isolated but haemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus intermedius were the most common. Culture of the synovial membrane was more sensitive than the synovial fluid. Antibiotic therapy for several weeks was generally successful providing an early diagnosis was made. In a few cases, steroid responsive synovial inflammation persisted in the absence of viable bacterial organisms.
The use of a biodegradable implant in fracture fixation: a review of the literature and a report of two clinical cases
Authors: AXELSON P. , RÄIHÄ J. , MERO M. , VAINIONPÄÄ S. , TÖRMÄLÄ P. , ROKKANEN P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA method of internal fracture fixation using rod‐shaped biodegradable implants made of self‐reinforced polyglycolic acid (PGA) is described. These biodegradable implants were employed in the fixation of fractures in a metaphysis and diaphysis. The fractures healed clinically and radiolo‐gically in six weeks without complicatons. The patients started to use the operated limbs during the first postoperative week and lameness disappeared within six weeks. Biodegradable fixation devices will be a useful tool in the treatment of fractures in veterinary surgery.
A reappraisal of anterior cruciate ligament disease in the dog
Authors: BENNETT D. , TENNANT B. , LEWIS D. G. , BAUGHAN J. , MAY C. , CARTER S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA study of 111 cases of cranial cruciate ligament disease, seen over a three year period has been made. Fifty‐five of these dogs were under four years of age (average age 21.4 months) and most were of the larger breeds, particularly the rottweiler (25 per cent). The onset of clinical signs was sudden in 53 per cent and gradual in 47 per cent of these cases; bilateral disease was present in 31 per cent. The severity of the lameness was variable. The pathogenesis of the disease appears to involve a gradual stretching, partial rupture and eventually a complete rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. The term cruciate disease has been used to cover this spectrum of ligament pathology and the clinical signs can appear at any stage during this ligament degeneration. Slight anterior drawer movement can often be detected during the earlier stages of stretching and partial rupture but this can only be appreciated under general anaesthesia. Osteoarthritis is initiated during the early stages and may be well established by the time the cruciate completely tears. The predisposition to cruciate disease in these young dogs of the larger breeds is difficult to explain but may be related to inadequate exercise during puppyhood.
Distribution of nuclear DNA‐content in canine mammary tumours
Authors: MÖLLERMARK G. , KÄNGSTRÖM L. E. , ELIASSON I. , AZAWEDO E. , BARRIOS C. , LARSSON O. , ENGSTRÖM W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIt is well established that nuclear DNA‐content contributes valuable information concerning tumour behaviour in a vast number of human neoplasms (compare Auer and Zetterberg, 1984 and Zetterberg and Auer 1984 for review). The authors have attempted for the first time to apply this concept to clinical veterinary medicine and in the present investigation 17 dogs with mammary tumour were studied retrospectively. Microspectro‐photometric DNA‐measurements were performed and correlated to the clinical course defined as distant recurrence free interval. The results suggest that a relationship exists between nuclear DNA‐content of the breast cancer cells and prognosis. Tumours exhibiting DNA‐values within the limits of normal tissue correlate with a favourable prognosis in the sense that all dogs with diploid tumour cell DNA‐content under study had survived for more than one year without recurrence of the tumour. In contrast 50 per cent of the tumours with increased and scattered DNA‐values developed metastasis within one year whereas the other 50 per cent were disease free after this period. It is therefore proposed that cytophotometric analysis of DNA may be used in the assessment of prognosis in dogs with malignant breast tumours.
Prevalence of Chlamydia psittaci in different cat populations in Britain
Authors: WILLS J. M. , HOWARD P. E. , GRUFFYDD‐JONES T. J. , WATHES C. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of Chlamydia psittaci infection in household, feral and farm cats in Britain was investigated. Chlamydia were isolated from 30 per cent of conjunctival swabs collected from 753 household cats with conjunctivitis. The prevalence of active chlamydial infection was highest in cats in the age group five weeks to nine months. Males were more frequently infected than females. Cats with chlamydial conjunctivitis usually had antibody titres greater than 1024 as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence. Chlamydia appeared to be endemic in two out of three feral cat colonies on the basis of serological evidence and occasional isolations. Cats on 10 of 22 sheep farms (45 per cent) had serological evidence of chlamydial infection, and this was confirmed on two farms by isolation of the organism from conjunctival and, or, rectal swabs. This is the first survey of infection with Chlamydia psittaci in cat populations in Britain.
Nasopharyngeal stenosis in four cats
Authors: MITTEN RUSSELL W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTNasopharyngeal stenosis secondary to chronic upper respiratory tract infection is described in four cats. The stenosis is caused by a thin but tough inflammatory membrane which develops across the proximal nasopharynx, partly or completely occluding it. Diagnosis is aided by use of a dental mirror for caudal rhinoscopy, together with test passage of a fine catheter through the ventral nasal meatus. All four cases were treated successfully by surgical resection of the membrane through an incision in the soft palate. Nasopharyngeal stenosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all chronic upper respiratory disease in cats.
Skin lesions in canine leishmaniasis
Authors: FERRER L. , RABANAL R. , FONDEVILA D. , RAMOS J. A. , DOMINGO M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTForty‐three dogs affected by canine leishmaniasis (CL) with skin lesions have been studied clinically and histopathologically. Identification of leishmaniads in tissues was achieved using indirect immunoperoxidase staining. According to both macroscopic and microscopic lesions, four different dermatological patterns have been observed. Twenty‐six dogs showed alopecia and desquamation as the main skin lesions. Histologically a diffuse non‐suppurative dermatitis, with numerous leishmaniads inside macrophages was present. Ten animals showed skin ulcerations on limbs, especially over articulations. Histologically, the number of leishmaniads was very reduced. Five animals presented a generalised nodular disease. Each nodule corresponded with a focal accumulation of macrophages, multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes, with a high number of parasites. Finally, two dogs presented generalised skin pustules. The possible pathogenesis and the differential diagnosis of each form is discussed.
Feline immune‐based polyarthritis: a study of thirty‐one cases
Authors: BENNETT D. , NASH A. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTNon‐infective polyarthritis in the cat is classified into erosive (feline rheumatoid arthritis and feline periosteal proliferative polyarthritis) and non‐erosive (feline systemic lupus erythematosus, feline idiopathic polyarthritis) forms. Criteria are used to identify each group. Clinically, all forms are similar. Affected cats are stiff, unwilling to move and may resent any form of handling. Joints are usually swollen and painful on manipulation. Some cases are pyrexic and inappetent. Radiography demonstrates destructive changes within joints in the erosive forms and also the periosteal new bone, characteristic of the periosteal proliferative form. Soft tissue thickening is also demonstrated. Tests for the autoantibodies rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody are important in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Treatment is with anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents (prednisolone, cytotoxic drugs). Cats with the rheumatoid and periosteal proliferative types do not recover but some manage to cope with the lameness. Cats with idiopathic polyarthritis can make a complete recovery although cases associated with myeloproliferative disease have a hopeless prognosis.
Congenital mitral insufficiency in bull terriers
Authors: MALIK R. , CHURCH D. B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTen young bull terriers with physical, electrocardiographic and radiological findings suggestive of congenital mitral insufficiency were examined between 1976 and 1987. In four of these animals a definitive diagnosis was confirmed by either cardioangiography or autopsy. Congenital mitral insufficiency would appear to be a common developmental cardiac anomaly in bull terriers in Australia.
Uveitis in the dog and cat
Authors: CRISPIN S. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical signs, possible causes and types of treatment available for uveitis in the dog and cat are reviewed. While in many cases the aetiology is obscure, infection, neoplasia, trauma and lens damage are established as possible causes of uveitis and immune mediated mechanisms are increasingly recognised as important in uveal tract disease.
Diseases of the vitreous in the dog and cat
Authors: LEON A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTDiseases of the vitreous body in the dog and cat are reviewed. The anatomy, embryology and methods of examination of the vitreous are described. Congenital and acquired conditions are discussed, in particular relating to opacities within the vitreous, and a brief note on vitreous surgery is included.
Intracranial germ cell tumours in two dogs
Authors: Summers B. A. , Palmer A. C. , Littlewood J. D. , Blakemore W. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIntracranial germ cell tumours were identified in two middle‐aged, male dogs. The predominant clinical signs were progressive visual and pupillary abnormalities; one dog was blind. At post mortem examination a discrete extramedullary tumour was found at the base of the brain in each dog. Expansion of the mass had produced severe destruction of the diencephalon and brain stem. Histopathological examination revealed a mixed cellular pattern, consistent with a neoplasm derived from germ cells.
Unilateral arytenoid lateralisation: An assessment of technique and long term results in 62 dogs with laryngeal paralysis
Authors: White R. A. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSixty‐two dogs with laryngeal paralysis were presented over a three year period. Presenting clinical signs included inspiratory stridor (100 per cent), exercise intolerance or syncopal episodes (81 per cent), loss or alteration in phonation (48 per cent) and coughing or gagging when eating (29 per cent). Causes of the paralysis were determined as traumatic (two dogs), neoplastic (two dogs), iatrogenic (two dogs), congenital (one dog) and idiopathic (55 dogs). Unilateral arytenoid lateralisation was performed in all dogs. The perioperative complication rate was approximately 10 per cent, while the success rate as judged by owners one year postoperatively was greater than 90 per cent. The technique avoided many of the recorded complications of intralaryngeal surgery. Operative times were short and the requirement for postoperative monitoring was minimal. Increasing familiarity with the technique favourably influenced the incidence of complications and the success rate.
Treatment of a severely comminuted fracture in a rabbit using a Kirschner‐Ehmer apparatus
Authors: Pead M. J. , Carmichael S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA severely comminuted fracture of the distal tibia, in a rabbit, was successfully treated by the application of Kirschner‐Ehmer external fixator. The principles used in applying the apparatus are outlined, indicating its suitability of use in a variety of situations.
Restoration of the anterior dentition of a Canadian beaver (Castor canadensis)
Authors: Walmsley A. D. , Lumley P. J. , Laird W. R. E. , Kesterton C. , Daft J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn eight‐year‐old beaver lost one of its upper central incisors through unknown causes. As the anterior teeth of this species continually erupt in a similar manner to rodents' teeth, the unopposed lower incisor had over‐erupted perforating the palate and entered the nasal cavity. The height of the lower incisor tooth was reduced and a cobaltchromium alloy bridge was constructed which was attached to the remaining upper incisor. The occlusal surface of the bridge was of sufficient width that both incisors could contact it. It was cemented into place with composite resin cement and cross‐pinned through the labial surface of the metal into the tooth substance. It is unknown how such treatment will affect the biological processes underlying the continually erupting incisor and the animal is being monitored for any adverse effects.
Non‐surgical correction of infection‐induced struvite uroliths and a vesicourachal diverticulum in an immature dog
Authors: Lulich J. P. , Osborne C. A. , Johnston G. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTInfection‐induced struvite urocystoliths and a vesicourachal diverticulum affecting a nine‐week‐old male mixed breed dog were eliminated with the aid of dietary and antimicrobial therapy. Urocystoliths dissolved within nine days of initiation of medical therapy, while the vesicourachal diverticulum resolved within 39 days of initiation of therapy.