bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of the Influence of Dispositional Traits and Appraisal on Coping Strategies in African American College Students
Authors: Smith Maureen C. , Dust Margaret C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis study explored the correlates of self‐reported coping strategies from both an appraisal (e.g., severity, impact, desirability of the event, as well as perceived stress) and a dispositional (e.g., preferred/typical coping style, self‐concept clarity, self‐esteem, emotion regulation, problem‐solving style, anxiety) perspective. Participants were 211 African American undergraduate and graduate students from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. The results indicated that dispositional traits (especially problem‐solving style) are associated uniquely with preferred/typical coping styles. The results also provided modest evidence that dispositional traits and subjects' appraisals (e.g., challenge, harm/threat, impact) are predictive of subjects' coping strategies in specific ongoing stressful situations. The general findings from this study appear to mirror research on Caucasian subjects.
Mother and Self‐Representations: Investigating Associations With Symptomatic Behavior and Academic Competence in Middle Childhood
Authors: Waniel Ariela , Besser Avi , Priel Beatriz 
Published: December 2005

ABSTRACTThis article reports two studies examining the content and structural aspects of maternal and self‐representations in middle childhood in two prospective studies of 9 to 11‐year‐old children, their stability over time and interrelations, and their contribution to symptomatology and academic functioning. In Study 1 (N=169), content and structural dimensions of participants' open‐ended narratives of self and mother were assessed, and their factor structure was replicated across two consecutive measurement waves carried out a year apart. In Study 2 (N=137), using an independent sample, the authors investigated the associations of self‐ and maternal representations with teachers' subsequent reports of children's internalizing and externalizing symptomatology and academic competence. It was assumed that dimensions of self‐representations played a mediating role in the prediction of children's symptomatology and competence by their maternal representations. Results corroborated the existence of interdependent but distinct representations of self and mother in middle childhood, as well as the stability over time of the structural and thematic aspects within each representation. The content of the self‐ and maternal representations was found to associate with observed symptomatic behavior, while their structure associated with children's academic competence. In addition, results indicated that self‐representation content mediates the association of maternal representation content with subsequent symptomatic behavior. Findings are discussed in the light of the differentiation and interdependence of self‐ and maternal representations in middle childhood.
CHURCHES AT THE TRANSITION BETWEEN GROWTH AND WORLD EQUILIBRIUM
Authors: Forrester Jay W. 
Published: December 2005

This paper was originally presented at the annual meeting of the program board of the Division of Overseas Ministries of the National Council of Churches. It followed a discussion by Jorgen Randers showing the implications of present world trends in growth of population and industrialization, depletion of natural resources, rise in population, and full utilization of agricultural land. Referring to the two hours of his talk and the ensuing discussion, Randers said, “The entire purpose is to convince you that exponential growth cannot go on forever in a world of fixed size.” Randers stressed that overtaxing of the natural environment is caused more by industrialization than by population. Industrial processes use natural resources and emit pollution. Capital‐intensive agriculture in time decreases the productivity of land. Limiting of capital accumulation is as necessary as limiting of population. World civilization must and will move from growth to equilibrium, either by human choice or by the pressure of natural and social forces.Many trade‐offs and choices lie before us in the approaching equilibrium. We can press forward along the historical growth curves, exceed the limits of the world environment, and endure a collapse of population and industrialization back to a level the world can support. Or we can choose a redirection of law, policies, and religions to create a smooth transition to world equilibrium. Even in choosing equilibrium, alternatives arise. The higher the population, the lower will be the achieveable standard of living and quality of life. Trade‐offs will be made consciously or implicitly between advantages in the immediate future compared to advantages in the distant future. An inherent conflict exists between time horizons. Choosing to maximize the present quality of life condemns future generations to suffer for their predecessors' advantage.The reader should, if possible, read first any of those cited in notes1, 2, or 6 listed at the end of this paper before reading the following text, —J A Y W. FORRESTER.
PLEASURE AND REASON AS ADAPTATIONS TO NATURE'S REQUIREMENTS
Authors: Burhoe Ralph Wendell 
Published: December 2005

Abstract.The values which guide mental and physical behavior seem to be derived from evolutionary facts. In our brains, selection of genes has tied the experience of pleasure to motivating what nature requires us to do for the good of ourselves, our kinsmen, and our ecosystem. When our brains evolved to house also a cultural heritage (including religion, the motivation of sociocultural goals, and rational discourse), hellish tensions could arise to split brain function (minds) and societies. Salvation could and did come from natural selection's replacement of discordant elements in our heritages by better coadapted ones. In this replacement, human rational decisions participated. Selection also continued to adapt these symbiotic heritages to their common environment.
EVOLUTION OF THE PSYCHENCEPHALON
Authors: MacLean Paul D. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract.In evolving to its great size the human brain has retained the distinctive features and chemistry of three kinds of brains that reflect an ancestral relationship to reptiles, early mammals, and late mammals. It constitutes, so to speak, a psychencephalon comprised of three‐brains‐in‐one, a triune brain. In the evolution from reptiles to mammals two key changes were the development of nursing and maternal care. Through the agency of “newer” parts of the brain a parental concern for family eventually generalizes not only to other members of the species but to the entire biosphere, a psychological development that amounts to the evolution of responsibility and what we call conscience. Given our freedom to decide “yes” or “no” on various issues, we need not look beyond the evolving family to find a reason for being, an ethic to live by.
NIELS BOHR AND THE MYSTICISM OF NATURE
Authors: Honner John 
Published: December 2005

Abstract.Some authors have described Niels Rohr as “never being open to anything transcendental.” Wolfgang Pauli, on the other hand, spent many years trying to persuade Bohr to admit to a kind of’ mysticism. This study offers support to Pauli's claims. First, a distinction between what is vague on the one hand, and what is necessarily circular on the other, clarifies the work of Bohr. This discussion leads to comments on Bohr's attitude towards the mutuality of spirit and matter and of reason and mysticism. Finally, some reflections are made about the relevance of Bohr's covert transcendental philosophy for theological endeavors.
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND FREEDOM IN A WHITEHEADIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Rigagan George Arkell 
Published: December 2005

Abstract.This paper attempts to demonstrate the critical significance of early advances in quantum physics for Alfred North Whiteheads development of the categories of his metaphysics and to illustrate the capacity of his system to serve as a bridge between the sciences and the humanities by relating specific Whiteheadian categories to concrete microphysical behavior with special reference to the notion of freedom.
MICHAEL POLANYI ON ART AND RELIGION: SOME CRITICAL REFLECTIONS ON MEANING
Authors: Hall Ronald L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper is a critique of the theory of meaning in art and religion that Michael Polanyi developed in his last work entitled Meaning. After giving a brief summary of Polanyi's theory of art, I raise two serious difficulties, not with the theory itself, but with the claims Polanyi makes about the relation of meaning in art to science and religion. Regarding the first difficulty, I argue that Polanyi betrays an earlier insight when in Meaning he attempts to dissociate meaning in art from meaning in science; instead I argue that both science and art are aesthetic enterprises. Regarding the second, I argue that Polanyi's account of religion is an aesthetic reduction, that meaning in religion, at least in the Western tradition, is not so much an aesthetic as it is an existential matter.
THE PHYSICS OF DAVID BOHM AND ITS RELEVANCE TO PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY
Authors: Russell Robert John 
Published: December 2005

Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to analyze David Bohm's work in terms of physics, philosophy, and theology. First, I discuss the development of Bohm's thought since 1951. Then, using the methodology of Imre Lakatos, I evaluate the scientific status of his research program. Next, I explore the philosophical dimensions of Bohm's views in which realist and idealist, monist and dualist, contingent and determinist outlooks occur in creative tension. Finally, I suggest ways in which Bohm's ideas are relevant to theology through concepts of God and cosmos, beauty and purpose, grace and free will, church, self and evil.
The entire universe is basically a single, indivisible…but flexible and ever changing, unit (Bohm 1951, 140).
COUNTING YOUR BLESSINGS: SACRED NUMBERS AND THE STRUCTURE OF REALITY
Authors: Powers William K. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract. Although numerical systems have been regarded as static models of a symbolic system and treated as mythological behavior, it is postulated that these systems are more profitably analyzed as dynamic models, better understood as ritual behavior. As ritual, numerical systems, limited in number and expressive of rhythmicity, contribute to the biogenetic structuralist's notion of “equilibration” between the central nervous system and the environment.The relationship between concrete and abstract numeration is also examined, showing that counting behavior, requiring asymmetrical use of the hands, may contribute to understanding the relationships between handedness and brain hemisphericity, as well as enumeration and memorization.
DARWINISM: STILL A CHALLENGE TO PHILOSOPHY
Authors: Wuketits Franz M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract:Charles Darwin died in 1882—more than a hundred years ago. His doctrine, however, is still alive. Recently there has been particular interest in his ideas among philosophers. These ideas are indeed a challenge to (traditional) philosophy: To take Darwin seriously means to revise—or even to destroy—some positions in (traditional) philosophy. Among the philosophical disciplines which have been affected by Darwin's ideas are epistemology and moral philosophy (ethics). In the present paper I shall discuss the epistemological and ethical consequences of Darwin's doctrine from the point of view of contemporary philosophy of biology; I shall give a brief outline of evolutionary epistemology and evolutionary ethics which both have caused many controversies.
THEOLOGICAL APPROPRIATION OF SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDINGS: RESPONSE TO HEFNER, WICKEN, EAVES, AND TIPLER
Authors: Pannenberg Wolfhart 
Published: December 2005

Abstract. Philip Hefner's focus on contingency and field as the guiding concepts in my thinking and his characterization of my theological enterprise as a Lakatosian research program are appropriate and helpful.I welcome Jeffrey Wicken's holistic approach to the emergence of life. Theology can appropriate the language of self‐organizing systems exploiting the thermodynamic flow of energy degradation for interpreting organic life as a creation of the Spirit of God.However, I cannot sympathize with Lindon Eaves's equation of “hard science” with a reductionism which raises the double helix to the status of icon; the “meaning” of DNA derives from its place in the total phenomenon of life—not the reverse.Frank Tipler's cosmology raises the prospect of a rapprochement between physics and theology in the area of eschatology. A Christian cosmology, however, would require at least three modifications: contingency in the history of creation; the uniqueness of Jesus' resurrection; and the relation of these to the problem of evil.
EXPLANATION, SOCIAL SCIENCE, AND THE STUDY OF RELIGION: A RESPONSE TO SEGAL WITH COMMENT ON THE ZYGON EXCHANGE
Authors: Pals Daniel L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract. In the issue of Zygon devoted to methodological reflection on the boundaries between natural science, social science, and theology (September 1990), Edward 0. Wilson pointed to the hierarchical tension between disciplines and antidisciplines. Working within this framework, Robert Segal outlined several “misconceptions of social science” held by religionists who fear it reduces, or “explains away” their subject. Philip Gorski, Nancey Murphy, and Kenneth Vaux suggested greater harmony but left Segal's challenge largely unaddressed. Religionists, says Segal, distrust social science because they think it ignores “the believer's point of view,” denies the “irreducibility” of religion, prefers materialist and mechanical explanations, and denies religious truth.Do religionists really claim all, or just some of these things? Are some perhaps not misconceptions, but accurate understandings of a real conflict?This article contends that distinctions need to be made; that at most, the humanistic assumptions of religionists compete with only one form of social science–reductionism; and further, that where conflict does arise, it is scientifically beneficial. Religionists differ from theologians, who argue from confessional premises, but the two are allied in opposing reductionism. Precisely because it is genuine, the debate with reductionist social science promises to advance understanding.
SELF OR NO‐SELF? CONVERGING PERSPECTIVES FROM NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND MYSTICISM
Authors: Lancaster Brian L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract. The nature of self is examined in relation to psychological observations which reveal some form of dissociation of knowledge from consciousness. Such dissociations are apparent in cases of blindsight, and amnesic patients displaying implicit memory effects, among others. While amnesic patients, for example, are unable consciously to recall material previously presented, such material does influence subsequent physiological and psychological processes. Thus, it is not the memories themselves that have been lost, but the ability to make conscious connection to them. In attempting to account for such observations, theoreticians generally have posited some kind of “consciousness system” that may become dissociated from brain modules dealing with specific processing.It is argued here that a view of self along the lines of the Buddhist concepts of no‐self and the conditioned nature of “I” introduces a more parsimonious perspective on the neuropsychological data. A theory of the nature of self is presented that constitutes a synthesis between key ideas drawn from Buddhist and other mainly mystical traditions and the scientific observations in psychology. Central to this theory is the role that the left hemisphere's interpreter (Gazzaniga 1985; 1988a; 1988b) plays in constructing a unified “I.” This “I” is, in effect, a hypothesis that the mind generates to introduce some coherence into otherwise fragmentary mental elements. Although it appears to be the causal focus of the individual's behavior and experience, it is in fact a retrospective construction and not a true causal structure of the mind. This theoretical view is discussed in relation to various meanings of the term consciousness and also in relation to the relevant neuropsychological cases.
INSTABILITY AND DISSONANCE: PROVOCATIONS FROM SANDRA HARDING
Authors: Pederson Ann Milliken 
Published: December 2005

Abstract. Sandra Harding's work is useful, not only as a critique of the scientific method and its epistemological constructs, but also in providing new energy and insights to the discussions about epistemology between theology and science.Feminist theory has been critical of the worldviews inherited from the Enlightenment. No longer is there one unambiguous way of knowing ourselves and the world around us, a single vision of reality. Feminist philosophers of science like Sandra Harding and Donna Haraway have redefined the scientific method and its analytic categories. They have contributed significantly to this discussion by moving the Enlightenment epistemological issues into the arena of politics and ethics. Feminist theory continues to remind us that what is important is not only how or what we know but what we do with that knowledge and how we use it.
IAN BARBOUR ON RELIGION AND THE METHODS OF SCIENCE: AN ASSESSMENT
Authors: Murphy Nancey 
Published: December 2005

Abstract. Two aspects of Ian Barbour's position on the relation between religion and science are considered. First is his preference for comparing religions as a whole to scientific paradigms. It is suggested that the concept of a tradition as defined by Alasdair MacIntyre is more useful than Thomas Kuhn's paradigm. Thus, the Christian tradition could be compared to the Aristotelian or Newtonian scientific traditions. Within traditions, both religious and scientific, we find schools with enough agreement on fundamentals to be designated research programs, as defined by Imre Lakatos; here fruitful comparisons between theology and science are possible.Barbour's critical realism is intended as a compromise between highly rationalistic and sociological accounts of science. However, rationalism and sociology of science are answers to two different sets of questions rather than extremes on a spectrum of answers to the same question. Thus, there is no middle position between them, and no compromise need be found.
Developmental psychopathology in adolescence: findings from a Swiss study – the NAPE Lecture 2005
Authors: Steinhausen H.‐C. 
Published: December 2005

Objective:  Presentations of selective findings coming from the Zurich Adolescent Psychology and Psychopathology Study with two major aims: i) the study of the prevalence, course, and correlates of mental disorders in adolescence, and ii) the study of the determinants and processes of mental disorders in adolescence.Method:  A representative sample of n = 1964 children and adolescents was studied in the canton of Zurich in 1994. Additional waves of data collection took place in 1997 and 2000/2001. Mean ages at these three assessments were 13, 16, and 20 years. Each wave contained a two‐stage procedure of assessment with screening by questionnaires and consecutive interviewing. The main constructs used were general and specific measures of psychopathology, life events, coping styles, self‐related cognitions, and quality of the social network.Results:  Prevalence rates of any mental disorder in school‐age at the time of assessment was 22.5% fitting into a transcultural range of 18–26% based on DSM‐III‐R criteria. Furthermore, the derivation and validation of a four‐group adolescent drinker typology was demonstrated. Additionally, the prevalence and continuity of functional‐somatic symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood was shown. Another piece of the research tested for the identification of risk, compensatory, vulnerability, and protective factors influencing behaviour problems and found remarkably different frequencies across the four types of moderating factors.Conclusion:  The presented findings provide further understanding of the developmental psychology and psychopathology of adolescence and the service, intervention, and prevention needs of this age‐group.
Activity Intolerance and Impaired Physical Mobility in Elders
Authors: Hur Hea‐Kung , Park So‐Mi , Kim So‐Sun , Storey Margaret J. , Kim Gi‐Yon 
Published: December 2005

PURPOSE.  To clarify the use of two nursing diagnoses, activity intolerance and impaired physical mobility, with elderly patients. METHOD.  Ninety‐two elders from a long‐term care facility in Wonju, Korea. A checklist developed by the researchers was used for data collection. FINDINGS.  Defining characteristics from this study related to psychological components of activity intolerance are significant in differentiating between the two diagnoses. Using a decision‐making tree based on data from this study, each nursing diagnosis can be correctly identified. CONCLUSIONS.  The results of this study are significant in broadening the defining characteristics to be used in differentiating between two nursing diagnoses. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Clarification of nursing diagnoses serves to direct students and nurses to choosing appropriate interventions.
Nursing Diagnoses Identified During Parent Group Meetings in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Do Vale Ianê Nogueira , de Souza Sandra Regina , Carmona Elenice Valentim 
Published: December 2005

PURPOSE.  To identify nursing diagnoses in the reports of parents obtained during parent support group meetings in a neonatal intensive care unit. METHODS.  An explorative descriptive study using records obtained during 29 meetings over a period of 11 months with parents and family members. FINDINGS.  Six NANDA‐approved nursing diagnoses were identified from parent group data: fear, risk for impaired parent/infant attachment, parental role conflict, risk for ineffective breastfeeding, impaired home maintenance, and risk for caregiver role strain. Diagnoses were not validated with parents. DISCUSSION.  Support groups helped the parents express their thoughts and feelings and provided nurses with opportunities to identify nursing diagnoses and interventions. The identification of nursing diagnoses showed that nursing interventions that are focused on improved parent outcomes should be implemented for parents and other family members. IMPLICATIONS.  Nursing care in neonatal units should focus on interventions for parents and other family members in addition to providing the necessary care of newborns.
Viewpoint
Authors: Kelley Jane H. , Weber Janet , Sprengel Ann 
Published: December 2005

PURPOSE.  To propose the addition of a fifth domain, Administrative, to the Taxonomy of Nursing Practice, and to introduce the related concept of organization nursing diagnoses. DATA SOURCES.  The Taxonomy of Nursing Practice, organizational and nursing management/leadership literature, experience of the authors. DATA SYNTHESIS.  Analyzing the concept of a taxonomy to capture nursing practice revealed an omission of the management/leadership roles assumed by nurses in organizational, nurse manager, and staff nurse practice levels. To incorporate this administrative practice, an additional domain, Administrative, was developed. Nursing diagnoses were oriented to the organization as client, hence the addition of organization nursing diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS.  Including an Administrative Domain in the Taxonomy of Nursing Practice will cover the scope of nursing practice and will provide a basis for developing the diagnoses for which nurses are accountable within organizations. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE.  Nurses’ contributions to healthcare organizational function and their effect on patient care outcomes will be made more explicit and can more readily be measured with terminology that captures the nursing administrative roles at three levels of practice.