bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is outpatient tonsillectomy appropriate for young children?
Authors: Tom Lawrence W.C. , Dedio Robert M. , Cohen David E. , Wetmore Ralph E. , Handler Steven D. , Potsic William P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe current literature suggests that outpatient tonsillectomy is a safe, cost‐effective procedure. These reports have based their conclusions on the low rates of postoperative bleeding and dehydration. Generally, they have not examined other factors that may influence the postoperative course or identified groups of patients in whom outpatient management may not be appropriate. The literature regarding tonsillectomy in young children is conflicting. A retrospective analysis of the records of 223 children, 36 months of age and younger who had tonsillectomies, was performed. Postoperative airway complications including oxygen desaturation and airway obstruction developed in 115 patients. Seventeen (7.6%) children required postoperative care in an intensive care unit while an additional 117 (52.5%) patients received more than standard management. Preoperative apnea, an age of less than 12 months, and the presence of accompanying medical conditions were associated with a higher incidence of postoperative airway complications. It is recommended that tonsillectomy in patients under 36 months of age be planned as an inpatient procedure.
Positron emission tomography: A new, precise imaging modality for detection of primary head and neck tumors and assessment of cervical adenopathy
Authors: Bailet Jeffrey W. , Abemayor Elliot , Jabour Bradley A. , Hawkins Randall A. , Ho Carl , Ward Paul H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) has been shown to be effective in detecting intracranial malignancies based on cerebral glucose metabolism. To evaluate the ability of PET to detect extracranial head and neck neoplasms and cervical metastases, 16 patients with primary squamous cell carcinomas were examined. All patients received preoperative computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and underwent PET evaluation using intravenous 18F‐2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG). Histopathologic analysis compared tumor invasion and positive lymph nodes with findings on MRI, CT, and PET images. All primary tumors were delineated by PET, while MRI and CT failed to detect one superficial tumor involving the anterior tongue. Ten nodes were detected by CT and MRI versus 12 nodes demonstrated by PET. PET is highly effective in detecting head and neck carcinomas as well as metastatic cervical lymph nodes. In addition, PET may be useful in evaluating postsurgery and postradiotherapy patients for recurrent and new primary tumors.
Noise exposure in the rural setting
Authors: Holt James J. , Broste Steven K. , Hansen Donald A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNoise levels of 155 tractors on 36 farms were studied. The range of noise levels at the driver's ear level with radios off and windows closed (if so equipped) was from 78 to 103 dB. Seventy‐five percent of tractors without cabs had noise levels in excess of 90 dB, compared to only 18% of tractors with cabs. The use of a radio adds an average of 3.1 dB of noise. When some cab windows are open and the radio is on, an average of 4.2 dB is added to the cab noise. From the results of this study, the authors recommend hearing protection when time on a tractor with a cab approaches 3 to 4 hours and when time on a tractor without a cab approaches 1.5 to 2 hours. Limited use of the radio is also recommended.
Does early expansion surgery have a role in the management of congenital subglottic stenosis?
Authors: Rosenfeld Richard M. , Bluestone Charles D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo better define the clinical course of congenital subglottic stenosis, the authors reviewed a cohort of 27 children managed with long‐term tracheotomy and interval bronchoscopy. Rates of spontaneous resolution were 19% at 6 months, 39% at 12 months, and 69% at 18 months (Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis). Children older than 4 months of age at tracheotomy tended to have more rapid resolution of their stenoses (P = .08). Overall, the median time to decannulation was 15.8 months (95% confidence interval, 13.9 to 17.6 months). One death was possibly tracheotomy‐related, and 12 (44%) of the children experienced complications or sequelae resulting in new or extended hospitalization. Considering the prolonged cannulation necessary for spontaneous resolution of congenital subglottic stenosis, the role of long‐term tracheotomy as the sole form of management may be limited. Once the need for intervention is apparent, the authors recommend early consideration of cricoid split or laryngotracheoplasty as alternatives to long‐term tracheotomy.
Serum and acute phase protein modulation of the effector phase of lymphokine‐activated killer cells
Authors: Dayman Gary L. , Taylor Dorothy L. , Liu Frank J. , Lavedan Pierre , Savage Howard E. , Schantz Stimson P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn understanding of the role that immunomodulatory factors play in the effector phase of lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) activity is essential for the development of biologic response modifiers for use in the treatment of advanced carcinoma. Fifteen head and neck cancer patients were studied. Single‐donor killer cells activated by recombinant interleukin‐2 (10 U/mL) and induced in either a complete medium or complete medium plus a 10% autologous serum solution were used. Effector phase solutions of 25% autologous serum were used in chromium 51 release assays to determine sera immunomodulation of LAK cell cytotoxicity. Both K562 and squamous carcinoma (MDA686‐Ln) tumor cell lines were tested.Significant effector phase inhibition (EPI) of cytotoxicity occurred in 40% of studied patients. Seventy percent of patients with stage III or IV or recurrent disease exhibited EPI, whereas only 20% of patients with stage I or II disease and 30% of controls did so. EPI of cancer patient serum correlated directly with α1‐antitrypsin, α1‐acid glycoprotein, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels (MDA686‐Ln targets) (r = 0.6, 0.7, and 0.6, respectively) (P<.02). Neither EPI against K562 targets nor EPI in control patients correlated with acute phase protein levels. These findings suggest that advances in in vivo immunomodulatory therapy will be dependent upon further elucidation of serologic inhibition of the effector phase of the LAK cell phenomenon. The relationship between LAK cell recognition and EPI requires further investigation.
Sudden hearing loss induced by acoustic neuroma: Significance of small tumors
Authors: Yanagihara Naoaki , Asai Masanori 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn our series of 111 patients operated on for acoustic neuroma from 1972 to 1990, 21 (18.9%) had sudden hearing loss. The 21 tumors involved were comprised of 9 small, 5 medium, and 7 large tumors. Emphasis is placed on the fact that even a small tumor has the potential to produce sudden hearing loss (SHL) and that the possibility of seeing patients with SHL is increasing thanks to advances in imaging diagnosis. Recognition of SHL as an initial symptom of acoustic tumor is considered essential to detect small acoustic neuroma.
Histological study of the healing of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation after basic fibroblast growth factor application
Authors: Mondain Michel , Ryan Allen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBasic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. These cells are involved during the healing of tympanic membrane (TM) perforations. Light and electron microscopy examinations were used to study the histology of TM healing after application of 400 ng of bFGF on the perforation. The progress of healing is accelerated, but the basic healing process is unchanged, i.e., epithelial proliferation first closes the perforation and is then followed by connective tissue growth. There is more connective tissue in the TM receiving bFGF, and extracellular fibers are better oriented. No significant increase of neoangiogenesis was detected in the treated TM. In the nonperforated area of treated TM, an extensive hyperplasia of the submucosal connective tissue is observed. These results demonstrate that bFGF can produce a TM scar containing more connective tissue, which may be of benefit in the prevention of atrophic healed TM.
Photodynamic therapy of human squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in xenografts in nude mice
Authors: Megerian Cliff A. , Zaidi Syed I. A. , Sprecher Robert C. , Setrakian Sebouh , Stepnick David W. , Oleinick Nancy L. , Mukhtar Hasan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer is an experimental tumor therapy which is based on the combined use of a systemically administered photo‐sensitizer to a tumor‐bearing host and local illumination of the lesion by a high‐intensity visible light source, typically a tunable argon dye laser. Human squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is the most frequently encountered malignancy of the head and neck. In this study, responses of HSCC cells to PDT were examined in in vitro and in vivo systems. In in vitro studies, the HSCC cells showed a positive photodynamic response with Photofrin‐II® (Pf‐II), chloroaluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AIPcTS), and a newly synthesized silicon phthalocyanine (SiPc IV). Single cell suspension of HSCC injected subcutaneously on the back of athymic nude mice resulted in a well‐circumscribed tumor mass. The animals required a low tumor dose for the successful establishment of a tumor. The tumor was minimally immunogenic and showed neither macroscopic signs of early metastasis to lung, kidney, liver, or spleen nor evidence of surrounding erythema, fluctuation, or tenderness until the late stages of necrosis. Intraperitoneal administration of AlPcTS or SiPc IV to tumor‐bearing mice resulted in rapid uptake of the photosensitizers in liver, skin, and tumor tissue. Twenty‐four hours following the intraperitoneal administration of AlPcTS or SiPc IV to tumor‐bearing animals, the tumor to normal skin ratio of the photo‐sensitizer was 1.6 or 1.5, respectively. Administration of Pf‐H (5 mg/kg) to tumor‐bearing animals followed 24 hours later by irradiation of the tumor (135 J/cm2, 630 nm light from an argon pumped‐dye laser) resulted in greater than 80% ablation in tumor volume 24 hours post‐PDT. These characteristics make this tumor model system suitable for PDT studies of human tumor cells in vitro as well as in vivo.
Treatment of an acoustic neuroma in an only‐hearing ear: Case reports and considerations for the future
Authors: Thedinger Britt A. , Cueva Roberto A. , Glasscock Michael E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCurrent options regarding the treatment of acoustic neuroma in an only‐hearing ear include: observation, attempted hearing preservation surgery, and stereotactically guided radiation therapy. A patient who had a left labyrinthectomy for Meniere's disease presented 15 years later with a large right acoustic neuroma. Due to anticipated profound deafness, he fit the criteria for cochlear implantation. Promontory stimulation of the left ear was positive. He underwent successful left cochlear implantation with the Nucleus® 22‐channel device and was successfully rehabilitated. He then underwent translabyrinthine removal of his right‐sided 2.5‐cm acoustic neuroma. This case is used to illustrate a new option available to those faced with treating a patient with acoustic neuroma in an only‐hearing ear. How this approach may fit in with other available options will be discussed.
Coronal CT scan abnormalities in children with chronic sinusitis
Authors: April Max M. , Zinreich S. James , Baroody Fuad M. , Naclerio Robert M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCoronal computed tomography (CT) scans are currently the optimal study to display the normal and abnormal anatomy in children with chronic and recurrent acute sinusitis after failure of medical therapy. To assess the extent and distribution of disease as well as associated anatomic abnormalities in this pediatric population, 74 coronal CT scans of children with continued symptoms of sinusitis after failure of extensive medical therapy were reviewed retrospectively. Twelve children with cystic fibrosis showed the characteristic features of medial displacement of the lateral nasal wall in the middle meatus and uncinate process demineralization, creating the appearance of a maxillary sinus mucocele. Nine of these 12 children had increased attenuation in the maxillary sinus on soft‐tissue windows. In the remaining 62 children, a significantly greater frequency of disease, when compared with that reported for adults, was seen in the maxillary, anterior ethmoid, posterior ethmoid, and frontal sinuses. Children with asthma (n = 33) had more extensive disease. Bony anatomic abnormalities were similar to those reported for adults, except for a lower incidence of septal deformity.
Immunoperoxidase study of the endolymphatic sac in meniere's disease
Authors: Dornhoffer John L. , Waner Milton , Arenberg I. Kaufman , Montague Donna 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA growing body of evidence suggests that some cases of Meniere's disease may be mediated by immune mechanisms. Because endolymphatic sac dysfunction is believed to be an underlying cause of Meniere's disease, this study used immunohistochemical techniques to demonstrate the presence of immune complex deposition in the sacs of patients with Meniere's disease. Positive immunoglobulin G (IgG) staining was noted in 10 of 23 sac biopsies from Meniere's patients, with 2 specimens showing perivascular deposition. Only 1 of 5 control specimens was only slightly positive for IgG. Clinical correlation showed a statistically significant increase in disease bilaterality (P<.05), larger summating potential/ action potential (SP/AP) ratios with electrocochleography (ECoG), and a tendency toward worse hearing and more progressive disease among the immunopositive Meniere's patients. The results provided histological evidence of immune injury in the endolymphatic sacs of patients with Meniere's disease.
An analysis‐by‐synthesis approach to the estimation of vocal cord polyp features
Authors: Koizumi Takuya , Taniguchi Shuji , Itakura Fumitada 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper deals with a new noninvasive method of estimating vocal cord polyp features through hoarse‐voice analysis. A noteworthy feature of this method is that it enables us not only to discriminate hoarse voices caused by pathological vocal cords with a single golf‐ball–like polyp from normal voices, but also to estimate polyp features such as the mass and dimension of polyp through the use of a novel model of pathological vocal cords which has been devised to simulate the subtle movement of the vocal cords. A synthetic hoarse voice produced with a hoarse‐voice synthesizer is compared with a natural hoarse voice caused by the vocal cord polyp in terms of a distance measure and the polyp features are estimated by minimizing the distance measure. Some estimates of polyp dimension that have been obtained by applying this procedure to hoarse voices are found to compare favorably with actual polyp dimensions, demonstrating that the procedure is effective for estimating the features of golf‐ball–like vocal cord polyps.
Facial nerve near the external auditory meatus in man: Computer reconstruction study—Preliminary report
Authors: Yasumura Satsuki , Takahashi Haruo , Sando Isamu , Aoki Hajime , Hirsch Barry E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe anatomy of the facial nerve relative to its intratemporal and extratemporal courses varies over time with developmental changes. Otologic and parotid surgery in infants and children demands detailed knowledge of the precise anatomy of the facial nerve with respect to the tympanic ring and external auditory canal, The authors analyzed this area using our three‐dimensional (3‐D) computer‐aided reconstruction and measurement method studying the spatial relations of the facial nerve to the tympanic ring and stylomastoid foramen. Temporal bones from five normal individuals aged 36 gestational weeks, 3 months, 8 months, 4 years, and 17 years were retrieved from the temporal bone collection stored at the Elizabeth McCullough Knowles Otopathology Laboratory in Pittsburgh. Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the facial nerve comparing the developmental anatomy across the various age groups provides the surgeon with the technical information necessary to address problems in this area.
Ionized serum calcium levels following combined treatment for cancer of the head and neck
Authors: Talmi Yoav P. , Wolf Gregory T. , Esclamado Ramon , Carroll William R. , Sassler Alfred M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThyroid function may be reduced after treatment of cancer of the head and neck, and hypothyroidism is much more common after combination therapy. Whether hypoparathyroidism and subsequent hypocalcemia also occur after such treatment is unknown. Few related studies have been published in which changes in total serum calcium have been studied after cancer treatment with radioactive iodine or external radiation. Twenty‐two disease‐free head and neck cancer patients were studied, 1 to 3 years after multimodal treatment, to determine if changes in serum ionized calcium levels or thyroid function were present. Our results suggest that parathyroid function, as represented by ionized calcium levels remains normal after multimodality (surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy) combined treatment.
Increased cytotoxicity of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck by combining cisplatin with VP‐16 and ciprofloxacin
Authors: Haller Jeffrey , Burgess Robert , Dawson Douglas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemotherapeutic treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck has been largely ineffective because of tumor cell resistance. This study examined combinations of cisplatin, 4′ demethylepipodophyllotoxin ethylidene D‐glucoside (VP‐16), and ciprofloxacin, a quinolone antibiotic. VP‐16 and ciprofloxacin were used in an effort to inhibit DNA repair and increase cytotoxicity. Chemotherapeutic agents often have a direct damaging effect on cellular DNA. Cytotoxicity may be the result of incomplete DNA repair mechanisms; whereas tumor cell resistance to drugs may be due to efficient DNA recovery. A nuclear enzyme especially important to DNA repair and cell growth is topoisomerase II (topo II). Targeted inhibition of topo II by VP‐16 and ciprofloxacin may cause increased cisplatin cytotoxicity. SCC cell lines of head and neck origin were treatd with a combination of cisplatin, VP‐16, and/or ciprofloxacin with cell viability being assessed by the MTT colorimetric assay. Four of five SCC lines examined demonstrated significant augmentation of cisplatin cytotoxicity with the addition of both VP‐16 and ciprofloxacin. These in vitro data suggest methods may exist for improving the chemotherapeutic treatment of SCC of the head and neck.
Acoustic neuroma volume: MRI‐based calculations and clinical implications
Authors: Long Steven A. , Arriaga Moises , Nelson Ralph A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study developed a technique for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based volume calculation and defined the specific volume‐diameter relationship in acoustic neuromas (AN). Computer‐assisted measurement calculated the area of tumor in each MRI slice. Volume was determined by multiplying area by slice interval. The technique was validated by imaging known volumes of gadolinium. The precision was greater than 95%.Our volume calculations revealed a specific volume‐diameter relationship in ANs. The following conclusions can be drawn: 1. our technique can accurately determine AN tumor volume; 2. the AN volume‐diameter relationship is a specific function and cannot be predicted by assumptions of tumor shape; 3. the volume‐diameter relationship should be combined with clinical data to determine the “break point” at which small increments of diameter produce significant clinical sequelae.
Long‐term surgical results for congenital aural atresia
Authors: Shih Lucy , Crabtree James A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThirty‐nine primary surgical cases for correction of congenital aural atresia were reviewed for complications and long‐term hearing results. Hearing averages of 25 dB for mild atresia, 40 dB for moderate atresia, and 46 dB for severe atresia were obtained. Serviceable hearing was achieved in 64% of the cases. The two most frequent complications were stenosis and recurrent infections of the cavity and canal skin, with an incidence of 33% and 31%, respectively. Use of split‐thickness instead of full‐thickness skin graft was associated with fewer complications. The goal of this review is also to share the experience of the senior author in the management of this complex problem.
The galvanically‐induced vestibulo‐ocular reflex in the cat
Authors: Storper Ian S. , Honrubia Vicente , Beykirch Karl A. , Hoffman Larry F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRotatory vestibular input is processed by receptor organs and relayed along the vestibular nerves to a central processor, whence the vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) is generated. Electrical stimuli applied to the labyrinth can bypass receptors and stimulate the nerve directly, thereby generating horizontal eye movements (EVOR). It was our purpose to mathematically relate the EVOR to the VOR in an effort to generate a parameter by which the experimental effects of ototoxins on the inner ear can be evaluated.A feline preparation was created in which the VOR and EVOR were measured in response to various sinusoidal stimuli. A detailed comparison between VOR and EVOR with respect to gain and phase was performed. From analysis of the data, the differential sensitivity to rotatory amplitude with respect to electrical amplitude was proposed as this parameter.
Long‐term results of mastoid cavities grafted with cultured epithelium prepared from autologus epidermal cells to prevent chronic otorrhea
Authors: Premachandra D. J. , Woodward Barbara , Milton Catherine M. , Sergeant R. J. , Fabre J. W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChronic otorrhea and recurrent infection from open mastoid cavities are common and troublesome clinical problems for which there is no very satisfactory treatment. The authors have previously described a simple procedure to solve this problem, using autologous cultured keratinocyte layers grafted onto the unepithelialized open mastoid cavities. All procedures are carried out on an outpatient basis without anesthesia, except for local anesthesia for the skin biopsy. Twenty‐six patients with 28 “difficult” mastoids, in which otorrhea had been present from 2 to 32 years, have been grafted with a follow‐up period varying from 10 to 18 months. Seventeen mastoid cavities became symptom‐free as a result of this technique. There were 4 failures, and partial success was shown in 7 cavities as judged by both the patient and by clinical examination.