bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
فلسفة نفقة الأقارب بين القانون العراقي والقوانين المقارنة
Authors: احمد محمد أ.م.د عبد الرزاق , محمد مشكور وليد داليا 
Published: March 2024

إن لنفقة الأقارب أثر بالغ الأهمية وإن هذا النوع من النفقة تكون به مواصلة صلة الرحم وكذلك العطف على القريب المعسر من قبل قريبه الموسر , فبذلك يكون هناك عدالة اجتماعية تسود بين الأفراد و الأقارب , ونجد إن التشريعات قد تناولت هذا النوع من النفقة واكد ذلك رجوع معظم نصوص قوانينها الى الشريعة الإسلامية , ونجد ان البعض الآخر من القوانين لم ينص بصورة واضحة إلى تلك النفقات بل كان رجوعه مباشرة إلى الشريعة الإسلامية , إن القانون يقف رادع بوجه كلّ من يخالفه وإن موضوع النفقات يكون موقفهً بين رحمة الشخص وصلة القرب وبين حقوق اقربائه علية , الكثير من القوانين بينت صلة القرابة بين المنفق والمنفق عليه وان يكون هناك توارث والبعض الآخر نص على اتحاد الدين , و بالطبع ذلك بعد رجوعهم لرأي الفقهاء , بذلك نصل أن موضوع النفقات بين الأقارب هو موضوع انساني قبل ان يكون قانوني بل ان القانون أعطاه القوة و زاده رصانة حيث عرف الكثير من الأفراد حقوقهم وكيفية الحصول عليها بالقانون. .
أنواع الأنظمة المستقلة وأساس إصدارها في العراق (دراسة مقارنة)
Authors: أ.م.د رشا شاكر حامد  , زهير عادل عودة  
Published: March 2024

تصدر الادارة قواعد عامة مجردة ملزمة استنادا للدستور أو العرف، دون حاجة الى قانون تستند إليه او تنفيذا له، وتسمى بالأنظمة المستقلة وتنقسم هذه الانظمة وفقا لمفهومها التقليدي الى نوعين انظمة الضبط الاداري التي تعتبر من اهم الوسائل التي تمكن الادارة من وضع القواعد العامة المجردة والتي تتضمن اوامر ونواهي تقيد حقوق وحريات الأفراد ؛ من اجل حفظ النظام العام في المجتمع، وانظمة المرافق العامة، والتي تصدرها الادارة عندما تقدر ان هناك حاجة للأفراد يجب تحقيقها، سواء انشاء المرافق العامة او الغائها او تنظيمها، وفي ظل عدم اعتراف دساتير الدول المقارنة السابقة على دستور فرنسا لسنة 1958 بسلطة اصدار الانظمة بصورة مستقلة عن القانون، وغموض النص عليها في الدستور العراقي النافذ، اختلف الفقه حول صلاحية السلطة التنفيذية في العراق بإصدار الانظمة المستقلة بين مؤيد ورافض.
العنف ضد الطفل العراقي بعد عام 2003 : دراسة وتحليل
Authors: إبراهيم عباس م. سعاد 
Published: March 2024

إنّ اوضاع العراق بعد عام 2003 ، حملت معها تطورات كبيرة ، كان العنف فيها هو سمة قابلة للملاحظة ، ولم يأتي العنف من فراغ ، انما العنف هو نتائج: تنشئة اجتماعية متواصلة ، ونتائج سلوكيات خاطئة في المجتمع ، ونتيجة اوضاع سياسية وامنية غير مستقرة ، تفاعلت كلها ، وانتجت بيئة مستدامة لثقةفة العنف .
والعنف فرض نفسه على المجتمع ، الا انه فرض نفسه بصورة اكبر على الاطفال ، كونهم يتفاعلون بسرعة مع الواقع ، فاولا هم يتلقون الواقع ويتأثرون به ، وثانيا هم يتعلمونه ، ويستمرون عليه ، أي ان التنشئة التي يتلقونها تفرض نفسها على سلوكهم لاحقا ، وهو ما يجعل المجتمع يعيد انتاج العنف ضمن دائرة متصلة .
كما أنَّ قيم وممارسات العنف التي يتعرض لها الاطفال تفرض نفسها على المجتمع والدولة العراقية ، نتيجة عوامل عدة ، لانها تعيد انتاج العنف عبر منظومة التنشئة ، مقابل اجراءات حكومية محدودة الفاعلية في التعامل مع هذه الظاهرة ، والسبب هو : مظاهر ضعف الاستقرار في الدولة ، وما زالت الاليات الوطنية والدولية لم تستطع ان تحقق نتائج مهمة ، على صعيد حماية الاطفال في العراق ، من العنف .
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN, CASH ON DELIVERY, KETEPATAN WAKU PENGIRIMAN, DAN DISCOUNT FLASH SALE TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PENGGUNA SHOPEE.
Authors: Sismanto Adi , Prayuda Aris Firdian 
Published: March 2024

From the results of the study, the effect on the variables of Service Quality and Cast On Delevery, Timeliness of Delivery and Discount Flash Sale on Customer Satisfaction of Shopee users in 5th semester students of the Management Study Program, Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu. conclusions can be drawn as follows:
Service Quality has a positive effect on Customer Satisfaction Shopee Users in 5th Semester Students of Management Study Program, University of Muhammadiyah Bengkulu. Cash On Delivery has a positive effect on Customer Satisfaction Shopee Users in 5th Semester Students of Management Study Program, University of Muhammadiyah Bengkulu. Timeliness of Delivery has a positive effect on Customer Satisfaction consumers on Shopee Customers in Semester 5 Students of Management Study Program, University of Muhammadiyah Bengkulu. Discount Flash Sale has a positive effect on Customer Satisfaction on Shopee Customers 5th Semester Students of Management Study Program, University of Muhammadiyah Bengkulu.
Quality of Service , Cast On Delevery , Timeliness of Delivery and Discount Flash Sale has an effect on consumer satisfaction. This can be seen from the hypothesis test together (Simultaneously) Ftable > Fcount (12.749> 1.850). This is proven from the correlation analysis R = 0.713 (71.3%) and is almost close to 1. And the coefficient of determination is R2 = 0.509 or around 50.9% while 0.481 or 48.1% is a contribution of other variables not examined
Keywords: Service Quality, Cash On Delivery, Timely Delivery, Discount Flash Sale, Customer Satisfaction.
PENGARUH BRAND IMAGE, BRAND AWERENESS DAN SERVICES QUALITY TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN LAPTOP ACER PADA PT. BLOGGERKOMPUTER DI KECAMATAN MUARA BANGKAHULU KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Saputra Novherliyanto , Ratnawili Ratnawili 
Published: March 2024

Research at PT. Computer bloggers in Muara Bangkahulu District, Bengkulu City with the formulation of the problem How does Brand Image, Brand Awereness and Service Quality influence the Purchase Decision of Acer laptops at PT. Computer bloggers, population and sample in this study are all consumers at PT. Computer bloggers totaled 150 respondents. The sampling technique used convenience sampling based on predetermined criteria totaling 150 respondents. Observation data collection techniques, documentation and questionnaires. The processed data was analyzed using SPSS 24.
Based on the results of research and analysis of the influence on Brand Image, Brand Awereness and service quality variables on Purchasing Decisions. the following conclusions can be drawn: Brand Image, Brand Awerenes, and Service Quality have a positive and significant effect partially on Acer laptop Purchase Decisions at PT Blogger Computer, and Brand Image, Brand Awerenes, and Service Quality, have a significant effect simultaneously on Purchase Decisions at Computer Blogger PT.
Keywords: Brand Image, Brand Awareness, Quality of Service Purchase Decision
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI, LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN PELATIHAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. AGRI ANDALAS KECAMATAN AIR PERIUKAN KABUPATEN SELUMA
Authors: Kusnadi Ary , Sismanto Adi 
Published: March 2024

The population used in this research is all employees who work at PT Angri Andalas, Air Periukan District, Seluma Regency. 150 respondents. The sampling technique used total sampling based on predetermined criteria of 150 respondents. Data collection techniques are observation, documentation and questionnaires. The processed data was analyzed using the SPSS 24 formula. Based on the results of research and analysis of the influence of the Compensation, Work Environment and Training variables on Employee Job Satisfaction. The following conclusions can be drawn: Compensation has a positive effect on Employee Job Satisfaction of employees, this is proven by hypothesis testing with the t-test, obtained tcount > ttable (6,229 > 1,980) The work environment has a positive effect on Employee Job Satisfaction of employees, this is proven by hypothesis testing with the t-test, obtained tcount > ttable (2,240>1,980) Training has a positive effect on Employee Job Satisfaction of employees, this is proven by hypothesis testing with the t-test, obtained tcount > ttable (3,084>1,980) Compensation, Work Environment, and Training (X3) influence employee Job Satisfaction. This can be seen from joint hypothesis testing (Simultaneous) Ftable > Fcount (68,710 > 3,940). This is proven by the correlation analysis R = 0.765 (76.5%) and is almost close to 1. And the coefficient of determination is R2 = 0.585 or around 58.5% while 41.5% is the contribution of other variables not studied.
Keyword: Kompensasi, lingkungan dan Kepuasan
Konsep Iḍlāl dalam Tafsir Ibn Kaṡīr
Authors: Anis Ahmad , Al-Qowiy Ahmad Marjanuddin 
Published: March 2024

Prophet Muhammad SAW. in the beginning it was misguided before being given guidance by Allah, the missionary view was a mistake in understanding the nature of iḍlāl. As with an opinion which says that humans do evil because Allah is misled, then Allah has done wrong to his servants. This research is expected to be able to explain the nature of ilāl according to Ibn Kaṡīr and be able to explain the verses of rebuttal to people who misunderstand the nature of ilāl. This research uses the character research model methodology outlined by Dr. Abdul Mustaqim. The results of this study found that: First, the essence of iḍlāl according to Ibn Kaṡīr is that they are misled by Allah not because Allah alone is misleading. Second, rebuttals against people who misunderstand the nature of iḍlāl. In Ibn Kaṡīr's commentary, explaining and interpreting these verses by means of interpretation; 1) tahlili interpretation, 2) bil-Ma'ṡur interpretation.

Abstrak
Nabi Muhammad saw. pada awalnya adalah sesat sebelum diberi hidayah oleh Allah, pandangan misionaris tersebut adalah sebuah kesalahan dalam memahami tentang hakikat iḍlāl. Seperti halnya sebuah pendapat yang mengatakan bahwa manusia berbuat jahat karena disesatkan Allah, maka Allah telah berbuat zalim kepada hambanya. Penelitian ini diharapkan mampu menjelaskan hakikat iḍlāl menurut Ibn Kaṡīr serta mampu menjelaskan ayat-ayat bantahan terhadap orang yang salah memahami hakikat iḍlāl tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi model penelitian tokoh yang digariskan oleh Dr. Abdul Mustaqim. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa: Pertama, hakikat iḍlāl menurut Ibn Kaṡīr adalah mereka disesatkan Allah bukan karena Allah semata yang menyesatkan. Kedua, bantahan-bantahan terhadap orang yang salah memahami hakikat iḍlāl. Dalam tafsir Ibn Kaṡīr, menjelaskan dan menafsirkan ayat-ayat tersebut dengan cara penafsiran; 1) tafsir tahlili, 2) tafsir bil-Ma’ṡur.
Term Farh dalam Al-Qur'an
Authors: Syayfi Shohib , Mu'tashim Imam 
Published: March 2024

Many humans are confused in understanding happiness so that many of them lead an unbalanced life. In the Qur'an itself Allah also discusses the word happiness as a solution for humans. Like the words falāḥ, fauzan, faroḥa, sa'ādah. Meanwhile, the aim of this research is to describe the interpretation of farḥ meanings according to Ibnul Qayyim. The focus and core of this research is to identify the verses that mention the word farḥ in the Qur'an and describe the interpretation of Ibnul Qayyim in his commentary book. This type of research uses the method of literature review. As an approach, the author uses a thematic interpretation approach, this type of thematic study specifically examines certain terms in the Qur'an. The results of this study are that the authors found (1) there are far lafadz in the Qur'an that have been mentioned 22 times with various derivations (2) All of the far lafadz that have been mentioned all contain two elements of meaning. First, farḥ which contains a commendable meaning, namely the joy and pride of believers with His gifts and graces. Second, farḥ which contains a despicable meaning, namely the joy and arrogance of the disbelievers and hypocrites.

Abstrak
Banyak manusia yang rancu dalam memahami sebuah kebahagiaan sehingga banyak dari dari manusia yang menjalani hidup tidak seimbang. Dalam Al-Qur’an sendiri Allah juga membahas kata kebahagiaan sebagai jalan solusi bagi manusia. Seperti kata falāḥ, fauzan, faroḥa, sa’ādah. Sedangkan Salah tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjabarkan penafsiran makna-makna farḥ menurut Ibnul Qayyim. Fokus dan inti penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi ayat-ayat yang menyebutkan kata farḥ dalam Al-Qur’an dan memaparkan penafsiran Ibnul Qayyim dalam kitab tafsirnya. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode telaah pustaka. Sebagai pendekatannya, penulis menggunakan pendekatan tafsir tematik, jenis kajian tematik ini secara khusus meneliti term tertentu dalam Al-Qur’an. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa penulis menemukan (1) terdapat lafadz farḥ dalam Al-Qur’an telah disebutkan sebanyak 22 kali dengan berbagai derivasinya (2) Semua lafadz-lafadz farḥ yang telah disebutkan semuanya mengandung dua unsur makna. Pertama, farḥ yang mengandung makna terpuji yaitu gembira senang dan bangganya orang-orang beriman dengan karunia dan rahmat-Nya. Kedua, farḥ yang mengandung makna tercela yaitu kegembiraan dan kesombongan orang-orang kafir dan orang-orang munafik.
Penerapan Kaidah Munâsabat Ayât dalam Tafsir (Studi Analisis Kaidah Munâsabat Khalîd Bin Utsmân Al-Sabit)
Authors: Sartika Ela 
Published: March 2024

The science of munâsabah in ‘ulumul Qur’an becomes one of the tools in analyzing and understanding the Qur’an until it enters the level of interpretation. The views of scholars regarding the science of munâsabah do not all accept the existence of this knowlagde as Imam Asy-Syaukani. Imam Asy-Syaukani very strict is not recognizing and believing in the existence of munâsabah science. However, many commentators have actually succeeded in making a work in which it focuses on the study of munâsabah such as Imam As-Suyuti. This Study aims to find out the rules about the science of munâsabah verses which contain the nature of Asmaul Husna which is closely related to law, by focusing on several classical and contemporary commentaries. research studies in classical and contemporary commentaries. This study also uses of analytical description method. By analyzing the rules of munâsabah verses explained by Khalid bin ‘Ustman al-Sabit to several classical and contemporary commentary books that represent it, it can be concluded that some of these interpretation use the verse munâsabah rules offered by Khalid Ibn ‘Ustman Al-Sabit even though they are explained in detail or general.
Urgensi Dakwah Menurut Muḥammad ‘Abduh (Analisis Pendekatan Tafsir Maqāṣidī di dalam Tafsir al-Manār)
Authors: Ayyasi Hilmi Yahya , Ariyadri Acep 
Published: March 2024

Seiring berkembangnya zaman, perhatian masyarakat terhadap dakwah nampaknya semakin berkurang. Masyarakat nampaknya lebih memetingkan isu-isu sosial lainnya dibandingkan dakwah di tengah berbagai macam propaganda yang ditemukan pada zaman modern ini. Masyarakat cenderung menyerahkan tugas dakwah kepada para pemuka agama dan berlepas tangan terhadap isu tersebut. Padahal, peran dakwah sangatlah penting dan membutuhkan kerja sama dari seluruh elemen masyarakat agar tercipta sinergi dalam menjalankan syariat Allah secara kokoh. Penelitian ini mengupas urgensi dakwah berdasarkan perspektif mufasir modern yang terkenal akan pemikiran pembaharunya di dunia intelektual Islam, yakni Muḥammad ‘Abduh. Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode literatur dengan menganalisis sumber pustaka sebelumnya dan menganalisis penerapan paradigma tafsir maqāṣidī di dalam Tafsīr al-Manār, khusunya dalam mengkaji ayat mengenai urgensi dakwah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwasannya dakwah sangatlah penting dalam rangka menjaga kesatuan umat dan terhindar dari laknat Allah. Terlihat pula bahwasannya penafsiran Muḥammad ‘Abduh mengenai ayat tentang urgensi dakwah Muḥammad ‘Abduh mengenai ayat tentang urgensi dakwah mengandung aspek-aspek penting tafsir maqāṣidī seperti aspek kognisi tafsir, holistik, keterbukaan, relasi antar hierarki, multidimensi, dan tujuan syariah.
Kata Kunci: Al-Qur’an, Dakwah, Muḥammad ‘Abduh, Tafsir Maqāṣidī.
From Social Realism to Magic Realism
Authors: Ananyeva S.V. , Kalieva A.K. 
Published: March 2024

Entire layers of fiction in retrospective light might escape the attention of modern literary criticism. Russian speaking writers and poets living in Kazakhstan introduce elements of Kazakh culture into their work: these are details of Kazakh life, song culture, and the bright imagery inherent in Kazakh literature and its unique artistic flavor. Regional Russian literature, connected by roots with Slavic literature, contributed to the development and mutual enrichment of literary ties between Kazakhstan and Russia. Already by the beginning of the 1920s, two directions in the approach to the Kazakh theme emerged: a contemplative attitude towards the historical past of the Kazakh people, the desire to idealize antiquity in a traditionally romantic sense, and a progressive perception and coverage of everything connected with the life of the Kazakhs.
Russian-language literature in Kazakhstan has gone from socialist realism to magical realism. It is closely connected with the reality, history and traditions of the ethnic groups of Kazakhstan. Historical and revolutionary themes were developed in the spirit of the dominant ideology. The range of material covered included the period of collectivization before the development of virgin lands and the problems of the scientific and technological revolution. Magical realism gives literary texts a unique originality.
მწერალი მღვდელი მელანიას (დეკანოზ ნიკოლოზ ნათიძის) გარდაცვალების ასი წლისთავის გამო
Authors: ღაღანიძე მერაბ 
Published: March 2024

Archpriest Nikoloz Natidze (1853-1921) was known in the Georgian literature of the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century by his pseudonym: Melania.
Melania’s not numerous writings were noticeably popular among readers during his lifetime and later (although some of his unpublished texts were published later, after the death of the writer).
It is usual for Melania’s writings to shift themes from story to story, however, for the most part, these themes change form or merge with other themes during such a journey.
The story is often built around some impressive symbol, the acquisition or possession of which acquires a defining value for the actor, whose possessions determine the public-social weight of an individual (or so these people themselves think!).
The sequence of events – sometimes throughout the entire text, from beginning to end – is conveyed only in the form of a dialogue or monologue, where the author is generally hidden, which gives dynamism, immediacy, and emotional charge to the text.
The author’s writings are characterized by a broken ending, as if the plot never ends, and this incompleteness or interruption of the story enhances the feeling of their uniqueness. The reader is given an open opportunity, after he has perceived the general structure of the story, to imagine many possibilities for its continuation and development.
The creative loading of language and mythos in Melania’s prose requires special attention, however, unlike Vasyl Barnov and Vazha-Pshavela, they are not given a decisive importance in shaping or presenting the author’s artistic world.
Melania’s work, like the heritage of many other forgotten writers of the past, really needs an academic publication, study, understanding and giving it a proper place.
ალექსანდრე ცაგარელი და ახალი ქართული ლიტერატურის საკითხები
Authors: ბებურიშვილი ლევან 
Published: March 2024

Aleksandre Tsagareli is one of the prominent figures among the Kartvelologists of the nineteenth century. The scholar working at the University of St. Petersburg is more famous for his linguistic and archeographical works, although his contribution as a critic of Georgian literature of the nineteenth century should not be forgotten. It is true that his critical heritage is not extensive, but it is noteworthy for the history of Georgian literary criticism.
In 1870, Alexandre Tsagareli published in the newspaper “Droeba” (No. 2-7) an extensive cycle of articles “Our Unfortunate Literature in this Century”, which, although it is mainly aimed at discussing the work of Ilia Chavchavadze, at the same time offers an interesting characterization of Georgian literature of the nineteenth century, before Ilia Chavchavadze .
Aleksandre Tsagareli is one of the first in Georgian reality to discuss the relationship between cosmopolitanism and nationalism based on literature and art. He takes the completely correct point of view that the work of art will gain a universal, cosmopolitan meaning when it is deeply national in nature. Nationality of culture not only hinders its cosmopolitanism, but on the contrary, without it it is completely unattainable.
Alexandre Tsagareli is the first Georgian critic who periodizes the Georgian literature of the nineteenth century based on a certain conceptual basis. He distinguishes three main stages of the development of new Georgian literature and discusses the main representatives of these periods.
In spite of numerous disputed provisions, Alexandre Tsagarli’s critical observations on the new Georgian literature are noteworthy for many reasons. The main merit of his cycle of letters is that the author tries to understand Georgian literature of the nineteenth century as a systematic process, which is evidenced by the periodization of the literature proposed by him. The views of the critic about the genesis and artistic form of the work of Alexandre Chavchavadze, Nikoloz Baratashvili, Giorgi Eristavi, Ilia Chavchavadze later became a creative impetus for many researchers.
ნიკოლოზ ბარათაშვილის პოლიტიკური ორიენტაციისა და მრწამსის შესახებ
Authors: ცერცვაძე მაია 
Published: March 2024

The political orientation and creed of Nikoloz Baratashvili are some of the issues that caused the scientific interest of the researchers of his life and work. They tried and are still trying to find out the attitude of the poet towards such historical events, which are the signing of the 1783 Georgievsky treaty by the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti to get the Russian protectorate and its political consequences (loss of the country’s independence, abolition of the royal throne...). This research of scientists is characterized by one feature – when discussing the issue, the poetry by Nikoloz Baratashvili, especially his historical poem “Fate of Kartli” is chosen. As it is known, the characters of this poem – King Erekle and his judge Solomon Lionidze have a heated polemic on the controversial issue of entrusting the fate of the country to Russia and are trying to justify their conflicting attitudes.
Recently, remarkable works of Georgian literary scholars were published, the authors of which (T. Doiashvili, L. Bregadze) consider such attempts to clarify the poet’s political orientation and creed as inappropriate. According to them, the main mistake here was and is the fact that the artistic character of texts chosen for analysis is not taken into account, in particular, the worldview principle of romantic irony, which is characteristic of romantic authors and which is reflected in their prose or poetic texts, is neglected.
We fully share the argumentation and point of view of the abovementioned scholars and consider that the study of Nikoloz Baratashvili’s political creed should be continued in such a way as to distinguish him, on the one hand, as a romantic poet, and on the other hand, as a historical person. In research, we should focus not on his poetry, but on the biographical material that we have mainly as a result of the critical study of the memories of the poet’s contemporaries and other sources, and his epistolary heritage –nonfiction, which is more reliable for our intended purposes than his poetic works.
The presented article is an attempt to clarify the poet’s political orientation and creed on this basis.