bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acardiac twins
Authors: ACTON C M , WOODWARD C S 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Three cases of twin pregnancy complicated by an acardiac twin are reported. This is a rare abnormality of twins. A vascular communication exists between the twins and the usually normal twin or so called ‘pump’twin may develop cardiac failure as a result of perfusion of the abnormal twin. The acardiac twin is, generally, grossly abnormal with reduction anomalies, particularly of the upper part of the body, and gross oedema. Unless this abnormality is recognized the misdiagnosis of fetal death in utero may be made and the complications of the ‘pump’twin may not be predicted. Three cases are presented with only one survivor.
Torsion of accessory fallopian tube: Ultrasound findings in two premenarchal girls
Authors: THONELL SVEN H , KAM ANDREW , RESNICK GAIL 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The ultrasound findings of two cases of fallopian tube duplication, both of which had undergone torsion, are described. Two premenarchal girls were examined with ultrasound because of clinical evidence of pelvic pathology. Both were found to have complex cystic structures that on surgery and subsequent pathological examination were shown to be twisted accessory fallopian tubes. Accessory fallopian tubes have been reported to occur in 6–13% of selected patient groups. To our knowledge, torsion of an accessory tube has not been reported in the literature.
Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic discography in the assessment of lumbar disc degeneration
Authors: LONERAGAN ROBERT , KHANGURE MAKHAN S , MCCORMICK CLEM , HARDCASTLE PHILIP 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Eighteen patients with chronic low back pain were studied with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographic (CT) discography. Each study was classified as being normal, showing early disc degenerative changes including annular tear, showing established disc degeneration or disc herniation. There was comparable information in over 90% of the MRI studies when compared to CT discography, without reliance on pain provocation or carrying out an invasive procedure. The axial and sagittal T1 weighted images were used to exclude other causes of pain, such as foraminal stenosis and disc herniation. The midsagittal T2 weighted image used in this study was considered to be, in part, responsible for the underestimation of disc degeneration because it did not allow visualization of the lateral aspects of the discs.
Tuberculous radiculomyelitis (arachnoiditis): Myelographic (and CT myelographic) appearances
Authors: PHADKE R V , KOHLI A , JAIN V K , GUPTA R K , KUMAR S , GUJRAL R B 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Tuberculous radiculomyelitis (arachnoiditis) remains one of the important causes of paraplegia in India. The diagnosis usually rests on clinical history and examination, and on laboratory findings in the cerebro‐spinal fluid (CSF). Few descriptive reports are available of the myelographic appearance, with water‐soluble contrast media, in tuberculous radiculomyelitis (arachnoiditis). A retrospective review of 21 myelograms and 10 computed tomographic (CT) myelograms, in 14 patients with tuberculous radiculomyelitis, was carried out, with a view to describing, in detail, the radiographic features. An attempt was made to assess the use of the radiologic procedures in diagnosis and follow up in these patients. Conventional myelographic findings included block (8/14), irregular sub‐arachnoid space (9/14), filling defects (8/14), sluggish contrast flow (2/14), root thickening (3/14) and atrophic cord (2/14). Computed tomographic myelography showed reduced contrast density in portions of the opacified CSF ring around the cord in affected region (6/7) and, in addition, demonstrated septa and adhesions. Intravenous contrast CT was not found to be useful (2/2). Follow‐up studies showed partial resolution (3/6), deterioration (1/6) and status quo of radiological findings (2/6). Although these changes can be seen in chronic radiculomyelitis (arachnoiditis) from other causes, such as leukaemic infiltration/lymphoma, other chronic central nervous system infections and latrogenic causes, including repeated intrathecal injections, conventional myelography appeared to be useful for diagnosis and follow up in tuberculous radiculomyelitis (arachnoiditis).
Doses in mammography: From the phantom to the patient
Authors: CROSS PETER 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY While the use of a reference phantom is essential for dosimetry in acceptance testing and in regular quality control checks of a mammographic X‐ray unit, it is also of importance to be able to estimate the patient dose in each individual investigation. Radiographic and physical data were analysed for a total of 212 women who between them were screened at three locations participating in a breast screening programme. The radiologists made estimates of the individual breast composition (% glandular/adipose ratio) at the film reporting sessions, and then the glandular doses were calculated by the auditor according to the NCRP 85 methodology. Arising from the data analysis of this dosimetry survey, a method is proposed to determine objectively patient breast composition from the photo‐timed mAs for a given film optical density setting. This permits the NCRP calculations to be extended from breasts of ‘average’(50/50) composition to breasts of individually determined composition. The diversity of the results between the three locations emphasises the need for regular audits of a mammographic X‐ray unit's performance by an experienced radiological physicist, at least annually or after any major interventional service on the unit.
Technetium‐99m DTPA renography and angiography in renal artery stenoses of varying severity
Authors: YOUNG NOEL , GRUENEWALD SIMON M , WONG KAI PING 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Thirty‐five hypertensive patients, consecutively studied between 1986 and 1991, were retrospectively reviewed, to compare Technetium‐99m (99mTc) DTPA renal scanning for renal artery stenosis with angiography. Ten patients were on chronic angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor medication and 20 underwent angioplasty of their stenoses. In patients not on ACE inhibitors the renal scan specificity was 83%, sensitivity 82%, negative predictive value 89% and positive predictive value 74%. In the 10 patients on ACE inhibitors the specificity was 67% (relatively more stenoses of < 50% were reported in this group), sensitivity 100%, negative predictive value 100% and positive predictive value 60%. Low levels of function (<10mL/min/1.73m2) in 9 kidneys did not militate against diagnoses that correlated well with angiography. Hence, renal scanning, particularly with ACE inhibition, is efficacious in the evaluation of possible renal artery stenosis. With a mean follow‐up period of 29 months after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), four patients had clinical improvement of hypertension control. Each had pre‐PTA total glomerular filtration rates (GFR) of approximately 75mL/min/1.73m2. No improvement was detected in cases with pre‐PTA total GFR of <50mL/min/1.73m2. This may be the level of renal function below which PTA therapy or surgery will not provide benefit.
The hypo‐echoic cortical rim in lupus nephritis
Authors: SLATER S P , HELLER C A , NANRA R S , JONES W S 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Hypo‐echoic cortical rims are an unusual ultrasound finding in patients with renal disease. A case report is presented of a patient with lupus nephritis who demonstrated hypo‐echoic cortical rims. A brief review of the pathological causes of hypo‐echoic cortical rims is given.
Appendicitis: An unusual cause of infected abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: GARB MINNIE 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY An unusual case of appendicitis, which presented as an infected aortic aneurysm is described. Gas was noted in the wall of the aneurysm on abdominal radiographs and computed tomography, due to the formation of an appendico‐aortic fistula. Computed tomography also demonstrated a contained rupture of the aneurysm.
Atypical fat necrosis of the breast: The ‘mycetoma’appearance
Authors: GELDEREN W F C VAN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY A very unusual appearance of fat necrosis in the breast is described. The low density/hypo‐echoic rim and high density/hyperechoic central part are shown on mammography and ultrasound, respectively. The mass had the appearance of a ‘mycetoma’in a cavity in the lung. The radiological diagnosis of fat necrosis was confirmed by histopathology.
Vanishing pleural fluid collections in cardiac failure simulating lung tumours
Authors: GELDEREN W F C VAN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYVanishing fluid collections in interlobar fissures, associated with congestive cardiac failure, are uncommon but well‐recognized. Previous studies have highlighted the occurrence of solitary vanishing ‘tumours’, but in the study reported here 7 out of 12 consecutive patients presented with more than one interlobar fluid collection simulating pulmonary tumours. In most cases a lateral radiograph confirmed the correct diagnosis and in all cases follow‐up radiographs demonstrated resolution of all pleural fluid collections. In one case ultrasound was helpful. Making the correct diagnosis is very important inorder to prevent inappropriate investigations and treatment such as biopsy or surgery. It is suggested that unusual pleural fluid collections may be more common in communities where pleural disease following stab wounds or tuberculosis are more prevalent.
Extratesticular lesions: A radiological and pathological correlation
Authors: HOLDEN ANDREW , LIST ALAN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIt is often difficult to make an exact pathological diagnosis of extratesticular lesions detected on ultrasound. This study aimed to clarify the sonographic criteria required for a more accurate diagnosis by performing a correlative study of the ultrasonographic findings and pathologic diagnosis.Of the 268 scrotal ultrasound examinations with extratesticular lesions reviewed, 81 had the diagnosis confirmed on pathological or clinical grounds. The major pathological entities reviewed in the study were epididymitis, hydrocele, cystic lesions of the epididymis, post‐vasectomy lesions and solid extratesticular lesions.The sonographic appearances in both acute and chronic epididymitis were reviewed. Chemical epididymitis had a typical clinical presentation and distribution confined to the epididymal tail and ductus deferens. This should allow a specific diagnosis to be made. Cystic lesions of the epididymis included true epididymal cysts and spermatoceles, but these entities were not distinguishable from each other sonographically.Late complications of vasectomy have been recognized clinically as the ‘Late Post‐Vasectomy Syndrome’, and the pathological changes have also been described. In this study the corresponding sonographic appearances of sperm granulomata, dilated efferent ducts and spermatoceles are documented.Most solid extratesticular lesions are areas of fibrosis termed ‘fibrous pseudotumours’, but adenomatoid tumours and papillary cytstadenomata are the most common neoplastic lesions.By obtaining pathological correlations for many sonographic extratesticular abnormalities, we have clarified a number of issues and made several new observations.
Accuracy of stereolithographic models of human anatomy
Authors: BARKER T M , EARWAKER W J S , LISLE D A 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA study was undertaken to determine the dimensional accuracy of anatomical replicas derived from X‐ray 3D computed tomography (CT) images and produced using the rapid prototyping technique of stereolithography (SLA). A dry bone skull and geometric phantom were scanned, and replicas were produced. Distance measurements were obtained to compare the original objects and the resulting replicas. Repeated measurements between anatomical landmarks were used for comparison of the original skull and replica. Results for the geometric phantom demonstrate a mean difference of + 0.47 mm, representing an accuracy of 97.7–99.12%. Measurements of the skull produced a range of absolute differences (maximum +4.62 mm, minimum +0.1 mm, mean +0.85 mm). These results support the use of SLA models of human anatomical structures in such areas as pre‐operative planning of complex surgical procedures. For applications where higher accuracy is required, improvements can be expected by utilizing smaller pixel resolution in the CT images. Stereolithographic models can now be confidently employed as accurate, three‐dimensional replicas of complex, anatomical structures.
Multiple doses of contrast medium from a single container: Bacteriological studies
Authors: TRESS B M , HELLYAR A G , PENNINGTON J , THOMSON K R , DESMOND P M , MARTINKUS J , LAVAN J J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPreparations of lopromide (Ultravist 370; Schering Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia), brain/heart infusion broth (BHI; positive growth control) and distilled water (negative control) were inoculated with 103 to 104Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus cells and incubated at 37°C. Slow decreases (up to one log) were observed in each organism's count in Iopromide and distilled water at room temperature and in S. aureus and E. coli in Iopromide and distilled water at 35°C until 6–8 h, when counts stabilized. BHI cultures showed logarithmic increases. P. aeruginosa counts increased (half log over 8 h) in Ultravist at 37°C.Radiology laboratories were shown to have similar airborne bacterial loads to operating theatres. Samples from repeatedly entered Iopromide bottles showed no contamination.Multiple intravenous doses from a single bottle of non‐ionic contrast medium can safely be used as a costsaving measure provided scrupulous attention is paid to aseptic preparation. Unused decanted contrast medium should be discarded after 4 h.
Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome: Antenatal diagnosis
Authors: WHISSON CHRISTOPHER C , FDSRCS ANDREW WHYTE , ZIESING PATRICK 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome is an unusual complex with variable features. The major findings include abdominal wall defects, macroglossia and visceromegaly. These features should be amenable to antenatal ultrasound detection. Only a few such cases have been reported to date. Antenatal diagnosis allows optimum perrinatal care. Hypoglycaemia in the neonatal period is common in these babies and requires early detection and appropriate management to prevent long‐term intellectual complications. We present a case where the diagnosis was suggested prior to delivery.
Tubular ectasia of the rete testis
Authors: LONERAGAN ROBERT , PARRISH MARK 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTubular ectasia of the rete testis is an uncommon entity that is usually discovered incidentally during ultrasound evaluation of epididymal abnormalities. The characteristic ultrasound appearance, its frequent association with spermatoceles and the lack of a palpable mass are the main features that permit identification of this entirely benign lesion.
Imaging of thoracic aortic dissection
Authors: VU FH , YOUNG N , SOO Y S 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAcute thoracic aortic dissection has a high mortality if untreated, so the diagnosis must be rapidly made if mortality is to be lowered significantly. Multiple imaging techniques are often used. This retrospective study from 1988 to 1993 assesses the usefulness in diagnosis of chest X‐rays, computed tomography (CT) scanning, aortography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), trans‐thoracic (TTE) and trans‐oesophageal (TOE) echocardiography.Forty‐two patients with a final clinical diagnosis of dissection were studied. The diagnosis was confirmed in 16 (13 at surgery and three at autopsy). Three died with dissection given as the only cause for death. Chest X‐ray abnormalities were seen in all 19 patients with surgery or death from dissection, with a widened mediastinum and/or dilated aorta being present in 17. In the group of 16 patients with surgery or autopsy proof, CT scans found dissections in 9 of 12 patients studied and correctly classified the type in only five. Aortography was performed in five, with accurate depiction of dissection and type in all. TTE found dissections in three of eight patients imaged by this method. MRI and TOE were performed each on two patients, with accurate depiction of dissection and type in each.Because of the relatively low sensitivity of CT scanning in defining aortic dissections Westmead Hospital is currently assessing the use of TOE as the prime imaging modality prior to surgical intervention.
Cushing's disease: Pituitary imaging
Authors: TRIPATHI S , AMMINI A C , BHATIA R , GUPTA R , BERRY M , SARKAR C , MAHAJAN H 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFourteen patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)‐dependent hypercortisolism underwent pituitary scanning with computed axial tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Computed tomography revealed pituitary macroadenomas in two patients, pituitary hyperplasia in one and a suspicion of pituitary microadenoma in one. Thirteen patients underwent MRI. One with a macroadenoma diagnosed on CT did not undergo MRI. The MRI revealed a pituitary macroadenoma in one, microadenoma in three and hyperplasia in two cases. Magnetic resonance imaging following gadolinium diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (gd‐DTPA) enhancement revealed four more pituitary microadenomas. All patients who had pituitary adenomas (micro and macro) and hyperplasia underwent trans‐sphenoidal pituitary surgery. One of the two patients, who had an enlarged pituitary on imaging but no demonstrable adenoma, was found to have a microadenoma at surgery. Patients with ACTH‐dependent hypercortisolism should undergo MRI of the pituitary gland to identify/localize corticotroph pituitary adenomas. The study should include gd‐DTPA enhancement in cases where the scan is normal.
The value of ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration in the assessment of solid breast lumps
Authors: PHILLIPS GARETH , MCGUIRE LLOYD , CLOWES DAVID 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTo assess the value of routine ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (US‐FNA) of solid mass lesions of the breast, all such patients presenting to the breast clinic over a 5 month period were offered US‐FNA in addition to standard imaging.One thousand, three hundred and eighty‐six consecutive patients were assessed and 77 solid mass lesions identified. US‐FNA was performed in 49 of these. Sixteen demonstrated cytological features of malignancy that was confirmed at surgery.US‐FNA did not diagnose malignancy in cases with typical benign imaging features. It did alter diagnosis from an equivocal suspicious mass lesion to a definite diagnosis of malignancy in four cases (25%). It also altered diagnosis from an equivocal, probably benign, diagnosis to a more confident diagnosis of benign disease in 18 (58%) of benign cases. US‐FNA confirmed the diagnosis of malignancy in four cases where a suspicious mass could only be imaged by ultrasound.US‐FNA is simple, rapid and, unlike large Tru‐Cut biopsies, is not associated with complications. It causes only minimal discomfort to both patient and operator. We recommend that US‐FNA becomes a routine component of the imaging workup of breast mass lesions both to exclude malignancy in equivocal cases and to confirm malignancy when this is expected.
The effect of BW12C on the radiosensitivity and necrosis of murine tissues and tumours
Authors: STEVENS G , HILL S A , JOINER M C , JOINER B , JOHNS H , WILLIAMS K , DENEKAMP J , NETHERSELL A B W 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBW12C is a drug that has the potential to induce normal tissue and tumour hypoxia by binding to haemoglobin, increasing its affinity for oxygen and thereby reducing oxygen availability to tissues. Initial results suggested that BW12C administration caused significant radioprotection of normal tissues and induced tumour necrosis, but variable results have been reported subsequently. This work was carried to extend the range of observations concerning the ability of BW12C to radioprotect normal tissues and tumours and to induce necrosis of tumours of the mouse.BW12C was administered as 70 mg/kg i.v. 15 min before irradiation of jejunum in CBA mice and of foot skin in WHT mice with single doses of 240 kVp X‐rays while mice breathed gases of varying oxygen tensions. The radiosensitivities of these tissues were assessed by the crypt survival assay and the acute skin reaction, respectively. The radiosensitivity of CaNT tumours to single fraction irradiation was assessed by the regrowth delay assay following administration of single or multiple doses of BW12C at varying times to air‐breathing CBA mice. The radiation response was compared to the radiosensitivity of clamped tumours. The effect of BW12C alone on tumours was assessed by regrowth delay and histological examination for necrosis.BW12C did not change the radiosensitivity of jejunal crypts irradiated while mice breathed air or 10%O2, or of foot skin when mice breathed 12%O2. BW12C protected foot skin by a factor of 1.1 when mice breathed air. Single or multiple doses of BW12C did not influence the radiosensitivity of CaNT tumours, although marked radioprotection could be induced by clamping the tumours during irradiation. Multiple doses of BW12C alone led to a slight increase in necrosis of the CaNT tumour but did not alter its growth rate. BW12C alone did not induce necrosis of the murine JT lymphoma.BW12C did not have a significant effect as a radioprotective or necrotizing agent in these experimental systems. The reported differences in the radiomodifying effects of BW12C are probably tissue‐specific and relate to complex biochemical and physiological interactions.
Variant of the Triple A syndrome
Authors: KHONG P L , PEH W C G , LOW L C K , LEONG L L Y 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe Triple A syndrome is a rare condition comprising achalasia, alacrima and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) insensitivity. A 12 year old Chinese girl with a variant of this syndrome (achalasia and alacrima), presenting with failure to thrive, is reported. Typical appearances of achalasia on barium swallow subsequently led to the correct diagnosis. The radiologist may be the first to recognize this syndrome and hence help anticipate its potentially life‐threatening sequelae.
Computed tomography of von Meyenburg complex simulating micro‐abscesses
Authors: SADA PRIO N , RAMAKRISHNA BANUMATHI 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case is presented of a bile duct hamartoma (von Meyenburg complex) in a 44 year old man being evaluated for abdominal pain. The computed tomography findings suggested micro‐abscesses in the liver and a biopsy showed von Meyenburg complex.
Calcified lymph node metastases in adenocarcinoma of the colon
Authors: SWEENEY DIRK J , LOW VINCENT H S , ROBBINS PETER D , YU SHENG FONG 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYRadiologically demonstrable calcification has been described in a variety of primary tumours and metastatic deposits. Dystrophic calcification in retroperitoneal lymph nodes may occur in malignant lymphoma or metastatic carcinoma, most often after radiotherapy or chemotherapy. However, de novo calcification in retroperitoneal lymph node metastases from carcinoma are very rare. Such a case is presented here.