bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect in Man of Oral Terbutaline on Cutaneous Reactions Induced by Allergen and Gold Stimulation
Authors: Grönneberg Reidar , Hägermark ÖSten , Strandberg K. Jell 
Published: May 2007

In eight atopic subjects wheal and flare responses to intradermally injected horse dander and histamine were determined alter pretreatment with 5 mg oral terbutaline or placebo in a double‐blind cross‐over study. In each individual a dose of allergen was used that produced a flare reaction approximately the size of the ED50 for histamine. Pretreatment with terbutaline was found to attenuate both the wheal and the flare reactions to allergen throughout the observation period of 150 min but only the effect on the wheal response reached Statistical significance (P < 0.01). The responses to histamine were not influenced. In five subjects with cold urticaria, treatment with 2.5 mg terbutaline t.i.d. for a week had no effect on the time period of cold provocation needed to evoke an urticarial lesion.It is concluded that oral treatment with terbutaline may produce an inhibitory action on allergen induced reactions but that this effect is not strong enough to interfere with clinical skin testing and hence the drug need not to be withdrawn prior to such testing.
Standardized Allergen Provocation Test
Authors: Loẅhagen O. , Lindholm N. B. 
Published: May 2007

Standardized bronchial allergen provocation with the same individual allergen dose was performed 3–9 times in 20 symptomless adult asthmatic patients at intervals of 1 week or more during 1/222 months in order to study variations in bronchial response. The immediate type reaction was recorded by monitoring FEV1, FVC, PEFR and MEF50% for 30–40 min after provocation. FEV1 was highly significantly correlated to the other variables.The coefficient of variation corresponding to maximum decrease in FEV, was 23%. All provocations were followed by a bronchial reaction within clinically acceptable limits. There was no indication of hypo‐ or hypersensitization.It is concluded that although many different factors influence the bronchial response, careful standardization of the provocation procedure leads to a moderate variation in bronchia! response, making the allergen provocation test suitable for pathophysiological studies and clinical evaluation of anti–asthmatic drugs.
Studies on Histamine Metabolism in Allergen‐Induced Asthma
Authors: Löwhagen O. , Granerus G. , Wetterqvist H. 
Published: May 2007

The excretion of histamine (Hi) and its metabolite methythistamine (MeHi)was determined in separated fractions of urine up to 12h alter standardized allergen provocations in 18 adult patients wild defined extrinsic bronchial asthma. The main histamine metabolite, methylimidazoleacetic acid (MelmAA), was measured in six of the patients.After positive provocations (decrease in FEV1> 20%) the excretion of Hi was significantly increased during 3h and that of MeHi during 4h after challenge. Negative provocations (decrease in FEV1<20%) were not followed by any changes in the excretion of Hi and MeHi. MelmAA excretion increased in five out of six patients after positive provocation. It was calculated that the increased excretion of Hi and its metabolites after a positive provocation corresponded to a release of about 1 mg histamine in the body or about 1 μg/g lung tissue if all histamine was liberated in the lung.Pretreatment with two anti‐allergic drugs, disodium cromoglycate and ICI 74.917, giving significant allergen protection, resulted in a smaller increase of the excretion of both Hi and MeHi, indicating an inhibition of histamine releasein vivo.
Severe Hypersensitivity or Intolerance Reactions to Measles Vaccine in Six Children Clinical and Immunological studies
Authors: Aukrust L. , Almeland T. L. , Refsum D. , Aas K. 
Published: May 2007

Six reported cases of anaphylactic reactions due to measles vaccinations of children were investigated. The reactions appeared to be immediate hypersensitivity reactions most probably due to allergy. Trace amounts of calf serum proteins were demonstrated in the measles vaccine by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis whereas egg antigens could not be detected by this method. The reason for the untoward reactions was not identified. Atopic traits were not repotted in any of the patients but were found in first degree family members of three of them. Skin prick testing with measles vaccine was positive in one of the patients only, whereas skin prick testing with egg yolk, egg white, cow's milk and calf serum were negative in all cases. RAST was performed with allergosorbents containing different material used during the vaccine production, but was negative in all cases.The results with control individuals were in accord with previous reports that patients with allergy to hen's egg tolerate the injection of measles vaccine. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to measles vaccine may occur independent of allergy to egg and even in children without any known allergy or atopic heredity.
Daily Hay Fever Forecast in The Netherlands
Authors: Spieksma Frits Th. M. 
Published: May 2007

The literature on local pollen counts and their significance for hay fever is reviewed and a system for forecasting hay fever is described. Such forecasts have been broadcast by radio in The Netherlands since 1977. The hay fever forecast takes the form of a prognosis (in terms of three grades) of the influence of the expected weather situation on tomorrow's course of the subjective complaints of hay fever sufferers. It is not a forecast of the pollen count.When the subjective complaints of about 150 hay fever patients were used as reference for evaluation, the forecasts proved to have been correct in 72, 85, and 88% of the cases in 1977, 1978, and 1979, respectively.The practical usefulness and the limitations of the system are briefly discussed, with emphasis on the principle that not the local pollen count but the weather should be taken as the main determinative factor for the expected subjective experiences in a group of hay fever sufferers in a certain region.
Inhalation of Racemic Epinephrine in Children with Asthma
Authors: Kjellmas B. , Tollig H. , Wettrell G. 
Published: May 2007

In this study the effects of nebulized racemic epinephrine (Micronephrine) were investigated in children with asthma. The drug was inhaled by a compressor nebulizator with a plastic mask. In the first part of the study it is shown that nebulized Micronephrine has a dose‐dependent bronchodilatory effect. In the second part the effect is compared with that of nebulized salbutamol 10 children (7‐16 years of age) with bronchial asthma. The highest dose used in the dose‐response trials (=0.9 mg Micronephrine/kg body‐weight) was compared with 0.15 mg salbutamol/kg body‐weight, which is the dose commonly used in SwedenThere was no significant difference between the drugs as regards increase of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec or duration of the increase.The was a small but significant increase in systolic blood pressure, measured 5 min after the inhalation of Micronephrine but no significant change in diastolic pressure of heart rate. Four children complained of temporary sore throat after the inhalation.
Pretreatment of Exercise‐Induced Asthma in Adults with Aerosols and Pulverized Tablets
Authors: Bundgaard Allan , Rasmussen Finn V. , Madsen Lone 
Published: May 2007

Eighteen adult asthmatics took part in a double‐blind crossover study comparing the effect on exercise‐induced asthma (EIA) of pretreatment with aerosolized 1) disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), 2) ipratropium bromide (IPTB), 3) fenoterol, 4) DSCG + IPTB and 5) saline.EIA was completely blocked by pretreatment with the β2‐agonist, fenoterol. The protective effect of nebulized DSCG and IPTB given alone could not be distinguished from that of isotonic saline. The combination of DSCG and IPTB reduced the post‐exercise bronchoconstriction more than any of the two drugs given separately.Thirteen of the 18 patients went on to a double‐blind cross‐over study of the effect on EIA of pretreatment with the usually recommended dosages of salbutamol, theophylline and their combination administered as pulverized tablets.Seven patients were withdrawn from this part of the study because of side‐effects, and in the remaining six none of the oral pretreatments could be distinguished from placebo, despite serum theophylline concentrations within or above the commonly recommended therapeutical range.
Automated Measurement of Human Basophil Degranulation
Authors: Leynadier F. , Luce H. , Abrego A. , Dry J. 
Published: May 2007

Basophils disappear after challenge with specific antigen. A human basophil degranulation test has been carried out on a slide using an enriched cell suspension. On each slide, the same volume of cell suspension was deposited in wells with antigen diluted in buffer or with buffer only (control). The basophil count was made on an equal number of randomly distributed microscopic fields either by eye (optical) or by image analyser (automatic).In 35 subjects, the correlation coefficient between the numbers of non‐degranulated basophils counted by eye and by image‐analyser on control wells was found to be r = 0.91, P < 10−8.In 12 patients (6 with hydatidosis and 6 widi schistosomiasis), the percentage of degranulation with three antigen dilutions was measured. The correlation between the results obtained by eye and by image‐analyser reached 0.76 (P < 10−7).The authors now use the automated measurement of human basphil degranulation routinely.
Treatment of Grass Pollen‐Induced Hay Fever with Intranasal Budesonide
Authors: Steensen H. , Lindqvist N. 
Published: May 2007

The clinical effects of intranasal budesonide (16α, 17α (22 R,S) propylmethylenedioxypre‐gana‐1‐4‐diene‐11β 21 diol‐3, 20 dione)) ‐ a new non‐halogenated glucocorticoid ‐ were evaluated in a double‐blind comparison with placebo, in patients with pronounced hay fever.Aerosolized budesonide, using a daily dosage of either 400 μg or 200 μg, showed a highly significant reduction in the nasal symptoms as compared with placebo. No significant difference could be demonstrated between the effects of 400 μg and 200 μg per day, suggesting that the lower dosage is adequate.No significant effect on the eye symptoms and no fall in plasma cortisol values were observed with either dosage. Only mild side effects were reported.
A Three‐Year‐Survey of Microfungi in the Air of Copenhagen 1977–79
Authors: Larsen Lisbeth Suldrup 
Published: May 2007

The presence and prevalence of common saprophytic airborne microfungi has been studied. Since August 1977 culturable microfungi in the outdoor air of Copenhagen have been monitored. The method used is a volumetric analysis by means of a Biap Slit‐Sampler. The microfungal flora was dominated by very few genera, thusCladosporium, Alternaria, PenicilliumandAspergillusmake up 86.8% of the organisms collected.The mere number of microfungal spores might be misleading as a guide to the relative importance of atmospheric allergens. An alternative or a supplementary parameter could be the spore substance expressed as cubic spore substance/m3of air, as suggested by Hyde (20).Most fungi show a seasonal dependence as well as fluctuations from year to year. The high season for living microfungi is found to be from June until October. The microfungi thus constitute a prolongation of the pollen season, a fact of importance in relation to patients suffering from inhalation‐allergy.
Flow‐Cytometric Analysis of Human Basophil Degranulation
Authors: Nakagawa Takemasa , Stadler Beda M. , de Weck Alain L. 
Published: May 2007

Quantification of human basophils and their degranulation were performed using a flow‐cytometric system. It was shown that the number of basophils among total leukocytes, before and after the effect of degranulating agents, can be obtained rapidly and reproducibly, following alcian blue, staining. Dose‐response curves of degranulation by anti‐IgE and anti‐IgG4 were studied, and it was shown that these antibodies can induce basophil degranulation in a Ca++ dependent manner. It was also shown that degranulation is completed within 10 min.Values obtained by flow‐cytometry and microscopic evaluation, as well as comparison made between percent basophil degranulation and percent histamine release, agreed well with each other in our system. Flow‐cytometric analysis of human basophil degranulation provides a new reliable method to assess in vitro the morphological basis of immediate hyper‐sensitivity.
Immunotherapy in Hay Fever with Two Major Allergens 19, 25 and Partially Purified Extract of Timothy Grass Pollen
Authors: ØSterballe O. , Løwenstein H. , Prahl P. , Skov P. , Weeke B. 
Published: May 2007

Grass pollen hay fever patients were hyposensitized in a prospective 3‐year double blind study with two timothy extracts. Group WPA (20 patients) was treated with partially purified extract = whole pollen allergens (WPA) (Alutard®SQ) and group PPA (20 patients) was treated with a purified pollen allergen (PPA) = two isolated major allergens, Ag19 and Ag25. Both aluminiumhydroxide adsorbed extracts were biologically standardized. Clinical results from the first season have been recently published and WPA showed significantly fewer symptoms (P= 0.001) than PPA. Corresponding preseasonal and seasonal in vitro results are presented here.Serum total IgE, specific IgE versus total and individual allergens of timothy pollen and allergen‐specific IgG showed a rapid increase in both groups until the season but showed no further increase or decrease during the season. Specific IgE was shown to correlate to specific IgG during hyposensitization.Group WPA, with fewer symptoms in grass pollen season than group PPA showed a significantly higher increase of specific IgG and IgE than group PPA, but individual symptom scores were not correlated to specific IgG or IgE, or their ratio.Specific IgE and IgG increases were not correlated to dosage. Surprisingly, almost all females were low‐responders to specific IgG and IgE though they had equal symptom scores, dosage, and side effects as males, while the characteristics of high‐responders to antibody were: youngest individuals and shortest duration of symptoms prior to treatment.Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) showed specific reaction to stimuli but no development of allergy against new timothy antigens.High response of IgE to Ag 19 in CRIE during initial hyposensitization seems suitable as marker for prospective evaluation of clinical effect in grass pollen hyposensitization.Nasal secretion was collected after methacholine provocation, and total IgE and specific IgE detected. There was no response to treatment, only a slight increase during the season. No decrease in nasal reactivity to methacholine was noted during one preseasonal hyposensitization.
Effect in Man of Anti‐Allergic Drugs on the Immediate and Late Phase Cutaneous Allergic Reactions Induced by Anti‐IgE
Authors: Grönneberg Reidar , Strandberg Kjell , Stålenheim Gunnemar , Zetterström Olle 
Published: May 2007

Wheal and flare reactions as well as a late cutaneous allergic reaction (LCAR) were induced by anti‐human IgE in healthy subjects. The effect of the β2‐adrenoceptor stimulant terbutaline, the histamine‐1 (H1) receptor blocking agent mepyramine and the synthetic glucocorticoid betamethasone on these reactions was studied. All administrations were given intradermally (i.d.)The immediate reaction to anti‐IgE was inhibited by 3 μg terbutaline and 30 μg mepyramine (P< 0.01) whereas 50 μg betamethasone had no effect. Terbutaline had no effect on the flare response induced by i.d. injected histamine but a slight effect on whealing. Terbutaline and mepyramine weakly reduced the LCAR throughout the observation period of 24 h (P< 0.01). In contrast, betamethasone almost completely abolished the LCAR. It is concluded that the two phases of the skin reaction to anti‐IgE are interrelated since an inhibition of the early phase was followed by an attenuation of the LCAR. The mechanism of action of steroids seems to differ fundamentally from that of other anti‐allergic drugs since inhibition of the early step in the reaction is not essential to the action on the late step. It is further suggested that terbutaline inhibits anti‐IgE‐mediated cutaneous reactions by inhibition of the mast cell release reaction.
Allergic Rhinitis in Danish General Practice
Authors: Pedersen Poul A. , Weeke Eva Rung 
Published: May 2007

The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis and the consultation rate caused by this disease were studied in 131 general practices covering a population of 450,000 persons in Denmark. During a 1‐year period starting June 1977 all consultations with or without symptoms were recorded.Allergic rhinitis was defined as paroxysmal sneezing and rhinorrhoea with or without conjunctivitis, and without signs of infection.Results are presented from three groups of practices classified by self‐estimated completeness of reporting. 11–15 per thousand of the total population contacted a practice during the 1‐year period (males: 12–17%, females: 10–13%). The highest prevalence rate occurred at 10–19 years of age, and allergic rhinitis was common from five to 44 years of age. The prevalence rate was higher among males up to the age of 30, after which age it was a little higher among females. About two‐thirds of the patients consulting had at least one consultation per year with symptoms present.The number of contacts came to 4.4 per patient per year and 20–25% of these were with symptoms.
Budesonide — A New Steroid for Intranasal Use
Authors: Warland A. , Møller P. , Lindqvist N. 
Published: May 2007

Twenty‐nine patients with seasonal rhinitis completed a double‐blind study comparing budesonide nasal spray 200 μg b.i.d. with placebo. The patients were randomly assigned into two parallel groups. Symptoms were assessed over a treatment period of 3 weeks.There were statistically significant differences in favour of budesonide on all measurements. Side effects were mild and the incidence was low.
Influence of Relative Humidity and Repeated Exercise on Exercise‐Induced Bronchoconstriction
Authors: Henriksen J. M. , Dahl R. , Lundqvist G. R. 
Published: May 2007

The relationship between previous exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) of different magnitude and the pulmonary response to exercise 1 h later was examined in asthmatic children. After acclimatization they performed repeated, paired exercise tests in a clean‐air climatic chamber at 23°C. The first test of each pair was carried out in 15%, 50% and 85% relative humidity (RH), respectively, to produce different degrees of EIB. All second tests were performed in 50% RH. Changes in pulmonary function were assessed by measuring PEF and FEV1.Bronchodilatation during exercise was not influenced by RH, whereas dry air increased and humid air decreased the bronchoconstrictive response to exercise. When both tests were performed in 50% RH, the second test caused significantly less EIB than did the first test. However, no differences were found between the three second test responses.This suggests that the relative refractoriness after an episode of EIB is not related to the severity of previous bronchoconstriction, but could be associated with exercise as such or other mechanisms in EIB.
Challenge of Penicillin‐Allergic Volunteers with Penicillin‐Contaminated Meat
Authors: Lindermayr H. , Knobler R. , Kraft D. , Baumgartner W. 
Published: May 2007

In order to obtain information about the clinical course and immunological background of possible allergic reactions due to penicillin‐containing food, nine volunteers with penicillin allergy proved by case history, positive skin tests and/or positive penicilloyl‐specific RAST were exposed to penicillin‐contaminated pork.For this purpose a farm pig from an inbred strain received “therapeutic” doses of benzyl procain penicillin before being slaughtered. Meat samples were taken from muscle tissues, kidney and liver and analyzed by diffusion and extraction methods. Very small amounts of penicillin were detectable in muscle tissue, whereas kidney material contained up to five times as much (0.12 mcg/g).Except two cases which reacted with itchy sensations after ingestion of penicillin contaminated meat “á la tartare”, all probands were clinically free of symptoms. Assaying penicilloyl‐specific IgE antibodies by RAST during the trial, a tendency to increased levels in the serum after 2 and 24 h was noted, whereas the liters of BPO‐specific IgG antibodies measured by the red cell‐linked antigen‐antiglobulin reaction (RCLAAR) remained unchanged. It is concluded from this study that small and hidden amounts of penicillin and its derivatives in food seldom induce anaphylactic reactions in penicillin allergic patients.
Antigen‐Induced Bronchial Anaphylaxis in Actively Sensitized SD Rats
Authors: Dahlbäck Magnus 
Published: May 2007

Bronchial anaphylactic reactions, estimated as increase in intratracheal pressure, were precipitated by intravenous injections of antigen into actively sensitized SD rats. The degree of bronchial reactivity was found 10 depend on both the challenge dose and the immunization dose of antigen; therefore the course of the capacity to respond was recorded as a function of these variables.The degree of the bronchial anaphylactic response could be reduced by pretreatment with disodium cromoglycate, terbutaline or a new anti‐allergic xanthine derivative, D 4026, in some groups of animals. The efficacy of each agent was found to depend on the dose of antigen used for sensitization and for provocation of the bronchial reaction rather than on the strength of the response.Taken together, the data suggest that more than one type of homocytotropic antibody mediates bronchial anaphylactic reactivity in the SD rat.
Theophylline Concentrations in Serum and Saliva after Oral Microcrystalline and Sustained‐Release Preparations in Asthmatics
Authors: Munch Erik P. , Sösndergaard Ib , Weeke Bent 
Published: May 2007

Theophylline concentrations in saliva have been compared with those in serum in 13 asthmatic patients after single and multiple oral dosage of a microcrystalline theophylline tablet (Nuelin®) and a sustained‐release preparation (Nuelin Retard®).There was wide individual variation in the ratio of serum to saliva concentrations indicating that, even when individual serum to saliva ratios have been established, the use of saliva theophylline measurements alone is unreliable for the routine monitoring of theophylline therapy.Both preparations produced mean serum theophylline concentrations within the 10–20 mcg/ml range, the sustained‐release tablet giving higher morning trough values and smaller trough to peak variation. The preparations were equally and highly bioavailable.Side effects were reported by three patients, which were the patients with the highest AUC.The Nuelin Retard preparation appears to provide smooth, sustained serum theophylline concentrations within the therapeutic range and the simple, twice‐daily dosage should result in improved patient compliance.