bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors in minor salivary gland cancer
Authors: Anderson J. Noble , Beenken Samuel W. , Crowe Ralph , Soong Seng‐Jaw , Peters Glenn , Maddox William A. , Urist Marshall M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. Minor salivary gland cancer occurs infrequently and presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The purpose of this study was to determine prognostic factors for this disease.Methods. The medical records of 95 patients diagnosed and treated at the University of Alabama at Birmingham over a 35‐year period were reviewed. Information concerning patient, disease, and treatment characteristics was compiled for each case. Multivariate analysis was conducted using a rank regression procedure.Results. Stage I or II cancer (p = .022), the absence of cervical lymph node metastases (p = .001), and surgical margins which were free of cancer (p < .001) were predictive of increased 4‐year disease‐free survival by multivariate analysis.Conclusion. Our findings emphasize the need for detection of early‐stage disease combined with complete surgical extirpation of the cancer, which provide the patient with the best chance for locoregional control and long‐term survival. © 1995 Jons Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Prognosis of recurrent laryngeal carcinoma after laryngectomy
Authors: Yuen Anthony Po Wing , Ho Chiu Ming , Wei William Ignace , Lam Lai Kun 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. Recurrence is common after total laryngectomy for advanced laryngeal carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to review the prognosis of recurrent laryngeal carcinoma after total laryngectomy.Methods. The records of 165 patients who developed recurrences after total laryngectomy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma between January 1971 and December 1990 were reviewed.Results. Of the 165 patients who developed recurrences, 34 (21%) patients had surgical salvage. The sites of recurrence of these 34 operable patients included 11 pharyngeal, 3 tracheostomal, 15 nodal, 2 pharyngeal with nodal, and 3 pulmonary metastasis. Pharyngeal recurrence had the highest salvage rate, followed by nodal and pulmonary recurrence. All patients with tracheostomal had recurrence after salvage surgery. After the surgical salvage, the tumor recurrence rate was 44% and the 5‐year actuarial survival rate was 42%. Of the other 131 patients who had palliative treatment without surgical salvage, the 5‐year actuarial survival rate was 2%.Conclusions. The present study showed that patients who had surgical salvage for recurrent tumor after total laryngectomy had satisfactory prognosis. Close follow‐up of patients after initial operation is essential to detect recurrence early, while surgical salvage is still feasible.
Liver function studies in the assessment of head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Korver Kurtis D. , Graham Scott M. , Hoffman Henry T. , McCulloch Timothy , Funk Gerry F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. Serum liver function tests (LFTs) are used in the initial evaluation of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to evaluate hepatic function and to screen for liver metastases.Methods. One hundred forty patients initially seen with SCC between 1988 and 1991 were followed for a minimum of 2 years to determine the significance of abnormal LFTs at presentation.Results. Abnormal values were found in 69 patients (49%), including elevated alkaline phosphatase in 37 (26%) and lactic dehydrogenase in 25 (18%). Abnormal values were most commonly attributed to alcohol‐related liver disease. No liver metastases were identified at initial screening. LFTs were normal at presentation in all three patients subsequently identified with liver metastases during follow‐up.Conclusions. Abnormal LFTs are commonly encountered but are of little value in identifying patients with liver metastases during initial assessment. Modest elevation of LFTs should not necessitate costly and time‐consuming investigation to exclude hepatic metastasis. © 1995 Jons Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Silencing of hyaluronan synthase 2 suppresses the malignant phenotype of invasive breast cancer cells
Authors: Li Yuejuan , Li Lingli , Brown Tracey J. , Heldin Paraskevi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAccumulation of hyaluronan has been demonstrated in the peritumoral breast cancer stroma and nests of tumor cells. In this study, we have quantified the production of hyaluronan and the expression of mRNAs encoding hyaluronan synthesizing (HAS) and hyaluronan degrading (HYAL) enzymes in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. The analysis revealed that highly invasive breast cancer cells produce high amounts of hyaluronan and express preferentially HAS2 mRNA, whereas less invasive breast cancer cells produce low amount of hyaluronan and express HAS1 and HYAL1 mRNAs. We explored the importance of HAS2 expression for breast cancer tumorigenicity, by specifically silencing the HAS2 gene using RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated suppression in the invasive breast cancer cell line Hs578T. This led to a less aggressive phenotype of the breast tumor cells, as assessed by cell growth, both in anchorage‐dependent and anchorage‐independent cultures. siRNA‐mediated knock down of HAS2 in Hs578T breast tumor cells led to an up‐regulation of HAS1, HAS3 and HYAL1 mRNAs, resulting in only a 50% decrease in the net hyaluronan production; however, the synthesized hyaluronan was of lower size and more polydisparse compared to control siRNA‐treated cells. Interestingly, Hs578T cells deprived of HAS2 migrated only half as efficiently as HAS2 expressing cells through cell‐free areas in a culture wounding assay and through Transwell polycarbonate membrane as well as invaded a Matrigel layer. These results imply that alterations in HAS2 expression and endogenously synthesized hyaluronan affect the malignant phenotype of Hs578T breast cancer cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with plasma exchange, antiplatelet agents, corticosteroid, and plasma infusion: Mayo clinic experience
Authors: Breckenridge Robert L. , Solberg Lawrence A. , Pineda Alvaro A. , Petitt Robert M. , Dharkar Dilipkumar D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTen patients with thrombocytopenia (TTP) were treated recently in our institution with plasma exchange (PE), steroids, and antiplatelet drugs. Additionally, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was administered to nine patients, with folic acid given to eight patients.After 13 to 25 months of follow‐up, we found that four patients achieved and remained in remission after initial treatment. Three patients had four relapses, which developed while they were taking antiplatelet therapy, and which were treated successfully with FFP alone, or with PE in addition to FFP. Four patients suffered major neurological or renal damage during their presentation or initial treatment. One of these patients died during his initial hospitalization. Another patient died 7 months after initial treatment.After analyzing this experience, we have concluded that antiplatelet drugs or corticosteroid should be used as the sole initial treatment most cautiously. The relative importance of the exchange process, per se, versus plasma infusion cannot be inferred from our observations, but plasma exchange with FFP appears to have had a real impact on recovery.
Plasmapheresis in lupus nephritis with nephrotic syndrome: A long‐term followup
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. , Goldfinger Dennis , Bluestone Rodney , Klinenberg James R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLupus nephritis with nephrotic syndrome is one of the most serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus. Six female patients with systemic lupus and nephrotic syndrome, refractory to immunosuppressive drug therapy, received 15–20 exchange plasmaphereses. One patient, treated concurrently with high‐dose steroids, showed temporary improvement, and five patients, treated concurrently with steroids and either cyclophosphamide or azathioprine, had long‐term remissions. Plasmapheresis is a promising therapeutic modality in cases of refractory lupus nephritis with nephrotic syndrome.
A technique for easy vascular access in patients undergoing plasmapheresis
Authors: Khatri Bhupendra Odhavji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGaining vascular access in some patients undergoing plasmapheresis procedure may prove to be difficult. Twenty‐four percent of our patients had either a poor vascular access or poor blood flow. This report describes a technique for obtaining good vascular access in otherwise difficult patients, which we believe to be easy, safe, time saving and cost effective.
Partial plasma protein replacement in therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: McLeod Bruce C. , Sassetti Richard J. , Stefoski Dusan , Davis Floyd A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe wished to determine whether subtotal replacement of protein in plasma removed at plasma exchange would be adequate to prevent hypovolemia and hypoproteinemia. Seven well nourished outpatients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis underwent 60 plasma exchanges in which two liters of plasma were replaced with 750 ml saline followed by 1250 ml of a 5% albumin solution (62.5% albumin replacement). Total serum protein, protein electrophoresis, and immunoglobulin levels were measured before and after each exchange. Clinically, the exchanges were well tolerated. Total serum protein dropped by a mean of only 18% during the study and mean preexchange serum albumin levels were unchanged, even though immunoglobulins decreased by 57–72%. We conclude that in well nourished patients, partial albumin replacement of this magnitude is an adequate substitute for plasma removed in a plasma exchange.
Mononuclear cell (MNC) collection by continuous‐flow centrifugation (CFC)
Authors: Hester Jeane P. , Kellogg Robert M. , Freireich Emil J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMononuclear cell separation and collection by continuous‐flow centrifugation relates to centrifugal acceleration, total blood processed, peripheral blood concentration, and probable mobilization from extravascular sites during the procedure. At low‐G forces, 70–80% of mononuclear cells are cleared. As G forces are increased, 95–100% of mononuclear cells can be cleared, but excessive platelet depletion occurs. An average of three billion cells were harvested from 2–3 liters of blood, rising to nine billion when 6 liters were processed. The total blood processed is defined by citrate infusion rates and ionized calcium changes. Large quantities of mononuclear cells were collected from normal donors without any significant depletion. If the objective of harvesting mononuclear cells is depletion, intensive schedules may be needed.
Therapeutic cytapheresis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Marti G. E. , Folks T. , Longo D. L. , Klein H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe role of therapeutic reductive lymphapheresis in 59 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was reviewed. Reduction in lymphocytosis, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly was noted in 50%–60% of the patients studied. In addition to mobilization of the lymphoid tumor load, 40% of the patients showed an improvement in their hemogram. Although apheresis‐induced anemia can occur, reported complications were minimal. These studies suggest that a majority of CLL patients might benefit from therapeutic lymphapheresis.
Granulocyte collection: A comparison of fenwal CS 3000, IBM 2997, and haemonetics cell separators
Authors: Eckermann Imelda , Strauss R. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the advent of sophisticated automated blood processors, the collection of large numbers of granulocytes for transfusion has been made more practical in the past ten years. Harvesting granulocytes by filtration leukapheresis has been abandoned in most centers because of adverse reactions in both donors and recipients. Currently, both continuous and discontinuous flow centrifugation leukapheresis techniques are available. However, both corticosteroids and hydroxyethyl starch are required for optimal granulocyte collection. In this paper, we critically compare the three major cell separators used for the collection of granulocytes by centrifugation leukapheresis.All three instruments separate blood cells by centrifugation; the IBM‐2997 and the Fenwal CS‐3000 function by continuous‐flow centrifugation, and the Haemonetics Model 30 by discontinuous‐flow centrifugation. Factors such as the donor preapheresis white blood cell count, the blood flow rate through the machine and the centrifuge speed effect granulocyte collection. Comparisons will be made of the cost of the software for each machine, the time required for granulocyte collection, the convenience of set‐up and tear‐down, the amount of skill and experience demanded of the operator. Donor factors will be discussed. Since the blood processor may be used for other procedures including plateletpheresis, therapeutic plasma exchange, lymphocytapheresis and erthrocytapheresis, the pros and cons of each machine as used for some of these procedures will be included in the discussion.In our experience, total leukocytes and granulocytes (neutrophils) collected with the three different instruments varied only slightly when unstimulated donors were studied. Total WBC × 109 per granulocyte pack were 16.7 ± 0.85 for CS‐3000 (N=37), 16.3 ±0.95 for IBM‐2997 (N=47) and 13.3 ±0.09 for Model 30 (N=179). Neutrophils × 109 per pack were 8.4 ± 0.42, 8.2 ± 0.47 and 7.4 ± 0.28, respectively. Granulocyte yields can be increased 2–3 fold when donors are stimulated with corticosteroids, particularly with the continuous‐flow machines. Platelet collection varied greatly. The largest number of platelets per granulocyte pack was collected with the Haemonetics Model 30 (7.5 × 10″ ±0.13). The Fenwal CS‐3000 had the next highest platelet yield with 3.6 × 10″ ±0.12, the IBM‐2997 collected 2.6 × 10″±0.16. Erthrocyte contamination was greatest with the Model‐30.
Putative methods for prevention and treatment of neonatal septicemia
Authors: Christensen Robert D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe high mortality rate observed in newborn infants who contract bacterial sepsis within the first days of life has prompted investigators to seek new methods for the prevention and treatment of this disorder. Among the putative measures recommended for prevention are: (1) administration of antimicrobials to all infants at the time of delivery, (2) identification and treatment of pregnant women colonized with those bacteria known to be major neonatal pathogens and (3) immunization of women to major neonatal pathogens. Three other measures, targeted at diminishing the mortality and morbidity in those in whom preventive measures fail, include: (1) granulocyte transfusion, (2) exchange transfusion and (3) administration of antibody.
Leukapheresis and pathogenetic mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wilder Ronald L. , Malone Daniel G. , Yarboro Cheryl H. , Berkebile Carole , Haraoui Boulos , Allen Janice B. , Wahl Sharon M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic, usually progressive inflammatory disorder of joints in which the immune system plays a central role in the pathogenesis. In its classic form, the synovial tissues from severely affected joints are densely infiltrated with HLA‐DR bearing T‐lymphocytes (primarily OKT4+/Leu3+subset) and macrophage‐like cells. Moreover, these tissues, as demonstrated by ex vivo culture, spontaneously produce high levels of a multitude of inflammatory mediators, such as collagenase, PGE2, interleukin 1 and fibroblast activating factors, indicating that the cells infiltrating the synovium are “activated”. The action of these various inflammatory mediators on different target substances or cells (collagen, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoclasts, etc.) most likely produce the characteristic pattern of joint pathology. Recent data indicate that this classic form of synovitis tends to be associated with peripheral anergy and other qualitative and quantitative abnormalities in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Repeated leukapheresis can induce substantial, although transient, clinical improvement in patients with these classic features, probably as a consequence of disrupting T‐lymphocyte traffic.Rheumatoid synovitis, however, is highly heterogeneous, but can be categorized into subsets. For example, a subset of patients with highly active clinical rheumatoid arthritis exists which do not exhibit the classic features of disease. Synovial tissues from this patient subset are sparsely infiltrated by T‐lymphocytes but contain mainly macrophages and fibroblasts, as well as prominent lining layer fibrin deposition. Patients with these synovial features do not appear to respond therapeutically to repeated leukapheresis. In view of the wide immunopathologic spectrum in rheumatoid arthritis, assessment of the role, if any, of leukapheresis in therapy remains unclear, but the technique does provide a powerful investigative tool.Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, usually progressive, destructive disorder of joints in which effector mechanisms of the immune system appear to play a major role in its pathogenesis. Various types of apheresis have the potential to modulate immune effector mechanisms and, in theory, could have a therapeutic effect in this disorder. In this report, we present an overview of evolving concepts of the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and relate these concepts to our experiences with leukapheresis.
Granulocyte collection by continuous‐flow centrifugation using arteriovenous shunts
Authors: Williams Barbara M. , Clift R. A. , Buckner C. Dean , Hickman Robert O. , Sanders Jean E. , Stewart Patricia S. , Bensinger William I. , Banaji Meera , Thomas E. Donnall 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo thousand nine hundred twenty‐seven granulocyte collections were made using continuous‐flow centrifugation with the Aminco Celltrifuge I. the Fenwal Celltrifuge II. and the IBM 2997. There were 231 recipients and 246 donors. In 32 patients attempts to provide daily granulocyte transfusions from a single donor were unsuccessful owing to clotting of the silastic‐Teflon arteriovenous shunt. Repeated granulocyte donations produced severe anemia requiring red cell transfusions in all the females and most of the males who had previously donated marrow for transplantation. Granulocyte collections were similar when collected with the Celltrihge I or the IBM 2997. but collections with the Celltrifuge Il were smaller. Infusion of hydroxycthyl starch directly into whole blood as it entered the centrifuge increased granulocyte collections. Granulocyte collections decreased with increasing number of daily collections.
Peripheral blood lymphocyte numbers, lymphocyte proliferative responses in vitro, and serum immunoglobulins in regular hemapheresis donors
Authors: Braine Hayden G. , Elfenbein Gerald J. , Mellits E. David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSelected tests of lymphoid function were used to screen a population of volunteer hemapheresis donors. Testing included: 1) absolute lymphocyte numbers, and percentage of T‐cell, B‐cell, and mononuclear phagocytes, 2) serum immunoglobulins, and, 3) in vitro proliferative responses to lectin mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, concana‐valin A, and pokeweed mitogen), soluble antigens (staphylococcal filtrate, Candida, and streptococcal varidasc), and cell‐bound alloantigens (mixed lymphocyte culture). A control population of first‐time plateletpheresis donors was examined similarly. Regular donors manifested a small but statistically significant decrease in absolute lymphocyte counts (p < 0.02), and IgM (p < 0.02) compared to controls. Leukapheresis donors also manifested significant decreases in percentage of T cells (p < 0.02). These findings are qualitatively similar to changes reported following intensive lymphocytapheresis and indicate the need for conservative policies regarding donation frequency in hemapheresis programs.
Continuous‐flow techniques for platelet concentrate collection: A step toward standardization and yield predictability
Authors: Hester Jeane P. , Kellogg Robert M. , Mulzet Alfred P. , Freireich Emil J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study chronicles leukocyte‐ and erythrocyte‐depleted platelet concentrate collection by a dual. stage channel in which three variables: 1) donor peripheral blood platelet concentration, 2) total blood processed, and 3) collection volume were statistically correlated with platelet yield as determined by a multiple regression analysis of single variables. Platelet concentration in the final yield was related to donor precount and collection rate, and could be varied as indicated for individual applications. Total blood processed was established by procedure time, which in turn was defined by citrate‐induced calcium changes in the donor. Reduction in peripheral blood platelet concentration averaged 24% for a mean platelet yield of 3.8 × 10′. An average of 40% of transfused platelet concentrates were recovered in recipient peripheral blood 1 hr posttransfusion and were hemostatically effective, as determined by correction of bleeding time. Platelet yields and patient response were sustained during current collection procedures, verifying the principles described during the investigative period.
Cyclophosphamide‐related intravascular haemolysis during continuous‐flow plasma exchange
Authors: Wood Lucille , Jacobs Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe plasma of a patient being prepared for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was found to be severely lymphocytotoxic to donor cells. Three isovolaemic plasma exchanges carried out using a continuous‐flow technique were required to reduce this titre to undetectable levels. Neither these procedures nor pretransplantation conditioning of the patient with 60 mg/kg or cyclophosphamide on two consecutive days resulted in overt haemolysis. However, a single identical plasmapheresis 12 hours after completing the second dose of the alkylating agent resulted in profound intravascular haemolysis requiring red cell transfusion. Subsequent studies in five patients receiving the same cyclophosphamide regimen demonstrated that red cell life span, when measured with radio‐chromium, was reduced from a normal of 25–35 days to a median of 11.5 days. Further studies in the same five patients carried out simultaneously demonstrated that red cell fragility, when assessed in vitro with osmotic or mechanical stress, was marginally increased but became clearly abnormal in only one individual. These doses of cyclophosphamide may result in accelerated but subclinical red cell destruction, and plasma exchange in this period may be associated with rapid intravascular haemolysis. This complication should now be added to the list of those that can occur when plasmapheresis is required in this specific clinical situation.