bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(2,5‐Bis{[(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imino]methyl}pyrrolyl)yttrium and ‐lutetium Complexes – Synthesis and Structures
Authors: Meyer Nils , Kuzdrowska Magdalena , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe reaction of 2,5‐bis{[(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imino]methyl}pyrrole (dip2‐pyr)H with nBuLi and KH resulted in the lithium compound [(dip2‐pyr)Li] and the potassium compound [(dip2‐pyr)K], respectively. Transmetallation of [(dip2‐pyr)Li] with YCl3 in thf afforded the “ate complex” [(dip2‐pyr)YCl3Li(thf)3], in which an additional equivalent of LiCl is coordinated as a four‐membered Li–Cl–Y–Cl metallacycle. In contrast, treatment of [(dip2‐pyr)K] with anhydrous yttrium and lutetium trichloride resulted in [(dip2‐pyr)LnCl2(thf)2] (Ln = Y, Lu). Obviously, by using the potassium reagent [(dip2‐pyr)K] the formation of “ate complexes” is inhibited. Reaction of NaC5H5 with [(dip2‐pyr)YCl3Li(thf)3] or [(dip2‐pyr)YCl2(thf)2] afforded the metallocene [(dip2‐pyr)Y(η5‐C5H5)2]. A significant difference in reactivity between the compounds [(dip2‐pyr)YCl3Li(thf)3] and [(dip2‐pyr)YCl2(thf)2] could not be observed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A New, Efficient and Direct Preparation of TlTp and Related Complexes with TlBH4
Authors: Kitamura Masato , Takenaka Yuta , Okuno Tomoko , Holl Ralph , Wünsch Bernhard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractEstablishment of a highly reliable and safe procedure for the preparation of TlBH4 has led to, for the first time, a simple approach to TlTp‐related complexes, which are known as mild and efficient Tp‐transfer reagents to a variety of metals. The practical use of this method has been demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of (S,S,S)‐TlTp4Bo3MeCpenta from a new and hard‐to‐obtain chiral pyrazole (HPz). In view of the importance of the scorpionates, this new method should attract the attention of researchers in a wide range of scientific and technological fields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Amide, Amino, Hydroxy and Aminopyridine Groups as Building Blocks for Carbohydrate Receptors
Authors: Mazik Monika , Kuschel Matthias 
Published: February 2008

AbstractReceptors 1–3, incorporating primary amide, hydroxy or amino groups as recognition units used in nature, as well as 2‐aminopyridine units as heterocyclic analogues of the asparagine/glutamine primary amide side chains, were prepared and their binding properties towards neutral sugar molecules were studied. The design of these receptors was inspired by the binding motifs observed in the crystal structures of protein–carbohydrate complexes. The binding studies with β‐glucopyranoside 5 indicated the formation of complexes with 1:1 and 2:1 receptor–monosaccharide binding stoichiometries, with an overall β21 binding constant of 107–108 M–2. Both hydrogen bonding and interactions of the sugar CH groups with the central phenyl rings of the receptors contribute to the stabilisation of the receptor–sugar complexes. The syntheses, molecular modeling studies and binding properties of the receptors 1–3 are described, as well as comparative binding studies with receptor 4, lacking the third recognition site. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of a Tripodal Scaffold for Solid Phase Synthesis of Artificial Receptors
Authors: Van der Plas Steven E. , Gea An , Figaroli Sara , De Clercq Pierre J. , Madder Annemieke 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA convergent synthesis for the preparation of a new orthogonally protected tripodal scaffold has been developed. The scaffold was successfully coupled to a Tentagel solid support and further derivatised at the three attachment points demonstrating its possible use for combinatorial chemistry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of 3′‐Deoxyribolactones using a Hydrolysis‐Induced Lactonization Cascade Reaction of Epoxy Cyanohydrins
Authors: Vugts Danielle J. , Aktas Halil , Al‐Mafraji Kanar , de Kanter Frans J. J. , Ruijter Eelco , Groen Marinus B. , Orru Romano V. A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of 3′‐deoxyribolactones was accomplished in a few steps from the commercially available 3‐decyn‐1‐ol in 44 % overall yield. The key transformation comprises a one‐pot four‐reaction hydrolysis‐induced lactonization cascade. The strategy was employed to efficiently access optically active 5′‐chloro‐3′‐deoxyribolactones. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Geoadditive Bayesian models for forestry defoliation data: a case study
Authors: Musio Monica , Augustin Nicole H. , von Wilpert Klaus 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe analyze forestry defoliation data from the Emission Impact and Forest Nutrition (IWE) survey, which was carried out in Baden‐Württemberg, Germany in the year 1988. The survey contains information on individual trees such as the degree of defoliation, age, species and measurements on nutrients in the needles, as well as information on tree locations such as soil and geographical characteristics. Our goal is to find suitable predictors for tree defoliation from the above information, and to find a set of models which can explain the underlying biological and environmental processes. To model the spatial correlation in the data and possible nonlinear effects of the covariates we use a geoadditive hierarchical Bayesian model. Posterior inference and model comparison are computationally assessed via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques and deviance information criterion (DIC) respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linking series generated at different frequencies
Authors: Hyung Namwon , Granger Clive W.J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis is a report on our studies of the systematical use of mixed‐frequency datasets. We suggest that the use of high‐frequency data in forecasting economic aggregates can increase the accuracy of forecasts. The best way of using this information is to build a single model that relates the data of all frequencies, for example, an ARMA model with missing observations. As an application of linking series generated at different frequencies, we show that the use of a monthly industrial production index improves the predictability of the quarterly GNP. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Credit risk and bank margins in structured financial products: Evidence from the German secondary market for discount certificates
Authors: Baule Rainer , Entrop Oliver , Wilkens Marco 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis study analyzes bank margins in the German secondary market for exchange‐traded structured financial products, with particular emphasis on the influence of banks' credit risk. A structural model allowing for the incorporation of correlation effects between market and credit risk is applied to compare quoted and fair theoretical prices. For discount certificates, as the most popular type of structured financial products in Germany, an empirical study is conducted. Compared to earlier studies, total margins are found to be rather low, whereas the portion that draws back to credit risk appears to be a material part of the total margin. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28: 376–397, 2008
Stream temperature modelling using artificial neural networks: application on Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Chenard Jean‐Francois , Caissie Daniel 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFish habitat and aquatic life in rivers are highly dependent on water temperature. Therefore, it is important to understand andto be able to predict river water temperatures using models. Such models can increase our knowledge of river thermal regimes as well as provide tools for environmental impact assessments. In this study, artificial neural networks (ANNs) will be used to develop models for predicting both the mean and maximum daily water temperature. The study was conducted within Catamaran Brook, a small drainage basin tributary to the Miramichi River (New Brunswick, Canada). In total, eight ANN models were investigated using a variety of input parameters. Of these models, four predicted mean daily water temperature and four predicted maximum daily water temperature. The best model for mean daily temperature had eight input parameters: minimum, maximum and mean air temperatures of the current day and those of the preceding day, the day of year and the water level. This model had an overall root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of 0·96 °C, a bias of 0·26 °C and a coefficient of determination R2 = 0·971. The model that best predicted maximum daily water temperature was similar to the first model but excluded mean daily air temperature. Good results were obtained for maximum water temperatures with an overall RMSE of 1·18 °C, a bias of 0·15 °C and R2 = 0·961. The results of ANN models were similar to and/or better than those observed from the literature. The advantages of artificial neural networks models in modelling river water temperature lie in their simplicity of use, their low data requirement and their good performance, as well as their flexibility in allowing many input and output parameters. Copyright © 2008 Crown in the right of Canada and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of hyporheic flow and geomorphology on temperature of a large, gravel‐bed river, Clackamas River, Oregon, USA
Authors: Burkholder Barbara K. , Grant Gordon E. , Haggerty Roy , Khangaonkar Tarang , Wampler Peter J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe hyporheic zone influences the thermal regime of rivers, buffering temperature by storing and releasing heat over a range of timescales. We examined the relationship between hyporheic exchange and temperature along a 24‐km reach of the lower Clackamas River, a large gravel‐bed river in northwestern Oregon (median discharge = 75·7 m3/s; minimum mean monthly discharge = 22·7 m3/s in August 2006). With a simple mixing model, we estimated how much hyporheic exchange cools the river during hot summer months. Hyporheic exchange was primarily identified by temperature anomalies, which are patches of water that demonstrate at least a 1 °C temperature difference from the main channel. Forty hyporheic temperature anomalies were identified through field investigations and thermal‐infrared‐radiometry (TIR) in summer 2006. The location of anomalies was associated with specific geomorphic features, primarily bar channels and bar heads that act as preferential pathways for hyporheic flow. Detailed field characterization and groundwater modelling on three Clackamas gravel bars indicate residence times of hyporheic water can vary from hours to weeks and months. This was largely determined by hydraulic conductivity, which is affected by how recently the gravel bar formed or was reworked. Upscaling of modelled discharges and hydrologic parameters from these bars to other anomalies on the Clackamas network shows that hyporheic discharge from anomalies comprises a small fraction (≪1%) of mainstem discharge, resulting in small river‐cooling effects (0·012 °C). However, the presence of cooler patches of water within rivers can act as thermal refugia for fish and other aquatic organisms, making the creation or enhancement of hyporheic exchange an attractive method in restoring the thermal regime of rivers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of a checklisting technique for the assessment of impacts of the Chashma Right Bank Canal on land use and cropping pattern of D.I.Khan District, Pakistan
Authors: Atta‐ur‐Rahman  , Khan Amir Nawaz 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper attempts to discover the ex post impact of the Chashma Right Bank Canal (CRBC) on the land use and cropping pattern of D.I.Khan district. The CRBC commands 250 000 ha and is spread over two provinces. The CRBC project was completed in three stages. Stage I was commissioned in 1987–88, and stages II and III in 1989 and 2001, respectively. The CRBC brought radical changes in the land use and cropping pattern of D.I.Khan district. For this study, three variables were selected including land use, cropping pattern and land values. To discover these changes at micro‐level, five sample villages were randomly selected, four from within the CRBC command area and one outside. The analysis found that after commissioning of the CRBC, prime cultivable land was brought under non‐agricultural use. The net sown area was also enhanced. Dry farming crops were replaced by water‐intensive cash crops, which in effect caused the twin problem of waterlogging and salinity, particularly in stage I. Likewise, land values increased considerably. This study is a sort of ex post evaluation of the CRBC and provides policy guidelines for decision makers and for the proposed Chashma Right Bank 1st Lift Irrigation Project not to repeat the weaknesses of Chashma Right Bank Irrigation Project. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A prototypic matricellular protein in the tumor microenvironment—Where there's SPARC, there's fire
Authors: Clark Clancy J. , Sage E. Helene 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWithin the tumor microenvironment is a dynamic exchange between cancer cells and their surrounding stroma. This complex biologic system requires carefully designed models to understand the role of its stromal components in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a prototypic matricellular protein at the center of this exchange. Two decades of basic science research combined with recent whole genome analyses indicate that SPARC is an important player in vertebrate evolution, normal development, and maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis. Therefore, SPARC might also play an important role in the tumor microenvironment. Clinical evidence indicates that SPARC expression correlates with tumor progression, but tightly controlled animal models have shown that the role of SPARC in tumor progression is dependent on tissue and tumor cell type. In this Prospectus, we review the current understanding of SPARC in the tumor microenvironment and discuss current and future investigations of SPARC and tumor–stromal interactions that require careful consideration of growth factors, cytokines, proteinases, and angiotropic factors that might influence SPARC activity and tumor progression. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 721–732, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The secretory function of adipocytes in the physiology of white adipose tissue
Authors: Wang Ping , Mariman Edwin , Renes Johan , Keijer Jaap 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWhite adipose tissue, previously regarded as a passive lipid storage site, is now viewed as a dynamic tissue. It has the capacity to actively communicate by sending and receiving different types of signals. An overview of these signals, the external modulators that affect adipose tissue and the secreted signaling molecules, the adipokines, is presented. The secretory function is highlighted in relation to energy metabolism, inflammation and the extracellular matrix and placed in the context of adipose tissue biology. We observe that the endocrine function of adipocytes receives much attention, while its paracrine and autocrine functions are underestimated. Also, we provide examples that species specificity should not be neglected. We conclude that adipose tissue primarily is an energy storage organ, well supported by its secretory function. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 3–13, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of endogenous nuclear bradykinin B2 receptors mediating signaling in immediate early gene activation
Authors: Savard Martin , Barbaz David , Bélanger Simon , Müller‐Esterl Werner , Bkaily Ghassan , D'orléans‐Juste Pedro , Coté Jérôme , Bovenzi Veronica , Gobeil Fernand 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBradykinin (BK) represents a pro‐inflammatory mediator that partakes in many inflammatory diseases. The mechanism of action of BK is thought to be primarily mediated by specific cell surface membrane B2 receptors (B2Rs). Some evidence has suggested, however, the existence of an intracellular/nuclear B2R population. Whether these receptors are functional and contribute to BK signaling remains to be determined. In this study, by mean of Western blotting, 3D‐confocal microscopy, receptor autoradiography and radioligand binding analysis, we showed that plasma membrane and highly purified nuclei from isolated rat hepatocytes contain specific B2R that bind BK. The results depicting B2R nuclear expression in isolated nuclear organelles were reproduced in situ on hepatic sections by immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopy. Functional tests on single nuclei, by means of confocal microscopy and the calcium‐sensitive probe fluo‐4AM, showed that BK induces concentration‐dependent transitory mobilization of nucleoplasmic calcium; these responses were blocked by B2R antagonist HOE 140, not by the B1R antagonist R954 and, were also found in wild‐type C57/Bl6 mice, but not in B2R‐KO mice. In isolated nuclei, BK elicited activation/phosphorylation of Akt, acetylation of histone H3 and ensuing pro‐inflammatory iNOS gene induction as determined by Western blot and RT‐PCR. ChIP assay confirmed binding of acetylated‐histone H3 complexes, but not B2R, to promoter region of iNOS gene suggesting that B2R‐mediated gene expression is bridged with accessory downstream effectors. This study discloses a previously undescribed mechanism in BK‐induced transcriptional events, via intracrine B2R‐mediated signaling, occurring in rat autologous hepatic cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 234–244, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of COD:N:P ratio on dark greywater treatment using a sequencing batch reactor
Authors: Krishnan Vijayaraghavan , Ahmad Desa , Jeru Juriah Binti 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe recycling of greywater is an integral part of a water management system owing to the scarcity of fresh water resources. This article explores the effectiveness of an aerobic sequencing batch reactor in treating nutrient‐deficit and nutrient‐spiked dark greywater for agricultural reuse. The dark greywater in the present investigation had a COD:N:P ratio of 100:1.82:0.76, while the preferred ratio for biological oxidation is 100:5:1 (COD, chemical oxygen demand). The aerobic oxidation of nutrient‐deficit and nutrient‐spiked dark greywater with a COD:N:P ratio of 100:2.5:0.5; 100:3.5:0.75 and 100:5:1 resulted in outlet COD values of 64; 35; 15 and 12 mg L−1, with a corresponding BOD5 value of 37; 22; 10 and 8 mg L−1 at 36 h hydraulic retention time (HRT). Hence treatment of nutrient‐added dark greywater at a COD:N:P ratio 100:3.5:0.75 and 100:5:1 for 36 h HRT complied with the Malaysian discharge standards for agricultural activities. Treated greywater has the potential for consideration as a resource, since it can be used as a supplement or replacement for potable water in landscape irrigation and other agricultural activities in rural and urban areas. Moreover, the level of greywater treatment is dictated by the final water quality requirement. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Tissue engineering of cartilages using biomatrices
Authors: Melrose James , Chuang Christine , Whitelock John 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTissue engineering is an exciting new cross‐disciplinary methodology which applies the principles of engineering and structure‐function relationships between normal and pathological tissues to develop biological substitute to restore, maintain or improve tissue function. Tissue engineering therefore involves a melange of approaches encompassing developmental biology, tissue mechanics, medicine, cell differentiation and survival biology, mechanostransduction and nano‐fabrication technology. The central tissue of interest in this review is cartilage. Traumatic injuries, congenital abnormalities and age‐related degenerative diseases can all lead to cartilage loss; however, the low cell density and very limited self‐renewal capacity of cartilage necessitate the development of effective therapeutic repair strategies for this tissue. The ontogeny of the chondrocyte, which is the cell that provides the biosynthetic machinery for all the component parts of cartilage, is discussed, since an understanding of cartilage development is central to the maintenance of a chondrocytic phenotype in any strategy aiming to produce a replacement cartilage. A plethora of matrices have been developed for cartilage engineering approaches and many of these are discussed and their in vitro and in vivo applications covered in this review. Tissue engineering is entering an exciting era; significant advances have been made; however, many technical challenges remain to be solved before this technology becomes widely applicable across all areas of cartilage repair biology. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Stability studies with different vector backbones utilizing the T7 expression system in Escherichia coli
Authors: Walia Rupali , Deb Jahar Kanti , Mukherjee Krishna Jyoti 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The T7 system is used ubiquitously for high‐level expression of recombinant proteins in lab scale cultures of Escherichia coli. However, its functional stability during scale‐up is critical for it to be useful in industrial scale fermentations.RESULTS: E. coli DH5α cells containing the dual plasmid heat inducible T7 system were tested for sustained expression of interferon gamma for 60 generations. The pRSET‐IFNγ recombinant lost its ability to express h‐IFNγ after 30 generations even though the plasmid containing the unaltered sequence of the gamma interferon gene was retained. These non‐expressing mutants had a higher specific growth rate than the original recombinant cells. In contrast, pCR2‐IFNγ recombinant had a higher specific growth rate under uninduced conditions and was able to retain its expression capacity even in the absence of selection pressure. To demonstrate the usefulness of this construct a high cell density fed batch culture was run without ampicillin and high‐level expression was obtained.CONCLUSIONS: The pCR2 vector backbone is a useful addition to the repertoire of E. coli plasmids, particularly for scaling up high‐level expression systems in the absence of selection pressure. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Bone marrow‐derived cells expressing Iba1 are constitutively present as resident tissue macrophages in the mouse cochlea
Authors: Okano Takayuki , Nakagawa Takayuki , Kita Tomoko , Kada Shinpei , Yoshimoto Momoko , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Ito Juichi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractImmune‐mediated inner ear disorder has been well established as a clinical entity; however, the innate immune system of the inner ear is a poorly understood area of research with high clinical and immunological importance. Although the presence of resident tissue macrophages in the inner ear has been suggested, there has been some controversy. In this study, we analyzed the origin of cochlear resident macrophages and the contribution of hematopoietic bone marrow (BM) to the recruitment of macrophages in the cochlea. To visualize the localization of BM‐derived cells, BM chimeric mice were made by transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells, which were genetically labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein, into lethally irradiated C57BL/6 mice. The distribution and characteristics of BM‐derived cells in the mouse cochlea were studied immunohistochemically. We successfully identified the constitutive presence of tissue resident macrophages in the spiral ligament and spiral ganglion that are derived from BM in larger numbers than previously reported. Moreover, cochlear resident macrophages gradually turn over for several months during steady‐state replacement by BM‐derived cells, and the number of cochlear macrophages immediately increased in response to local surgical stress. The present findings demonstrate the hematopoietic origin of cochlear resident and infiltrating macrophages. Our study provides a novel anatomical and immunological basis for the inner ear and indicates that the cochlear resident macrophages would be a therapeutic target in inner ear disorders. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.