bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terramechanics‐based model for steering maneuver of planetary exploration rovers on loose soil
Authors: Ishigami Genya , Miwa Akiko , Nagatani Keiji , Yoshida Kazuya 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper presents analytical models to investigate the steering maneuvers of planetary exploration rovers on loose soil. The models are based on wheel‐soil interaction mechanics, or terramechanics, with which the traction and disturbance forces of a wheel are evaluated for various slip conditions. These traction forces are decomposed into the longitudinal and lateral directions of the wheel. The latter component, termed the side force has a major influence in characterizing the steering maneuvers of the rover. In this paper, the wheel‐soil mechanics models are developed with particular attention to the side force and the validity of the model is confirmed by using a single‐wheel test bed. The motion profile of the entire rover is numerically evaluated by incorporating the wheel‐soil models into an articulated multibody model that describes the motion dynamics of the vehicle's body and chassis. Steering maneuvers are investigated under different steering angles by using a four‐wheel rover test bed on simulated lunar soil regolith simulant. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results using the corresponding model parameters. The proposed wheel‐and‐vehicle model demonstrates better accuracy in predicting steering maneuvers as compared to the conventional kinematics‐based model. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mild riboflavin deficiency is highly prevalent in school-age children but does not increase risk for anaemia in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Rohner Fabian , Zimmermann Michael B. , Wegmueller Rita , Tschannen Andreas B. , Hurrell Richard F. 
Published: March 2007

There are few data on the prevalence of riboflavin deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, and it remains unclear whether riboflavin status influences the risk for anaemia. The aims of this study were to: (1) measure the prevalence of riboflavin deficiency in children in south-central Côte d'Ivoire; (2) estimate the riboflavin content of the local diet; and (3) determine if riboflavin deficiency predicts anaemia and/or iron deficiency. In 5- to 15-year-old children (n281), height, weight, haemoglobin (Hb), whole blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGRAC), serum retinol, C-reactive protein (CRP) and prevalence ofPlasmodiumspp. (asymptomatic malaria) andSchistosoma haematobium(bilharziosis) infections were measured. Three-day weighed food records were kept in twenty-four households. Prevalence of anaemia in the sample was 52 %; 59 % were iron-deficient based on an elevated ZPP concentration, and 36 % suffered from iron deficiency anaemia.Plasmodiumparasitaemia was found in 49 % of the children. Nineteen percent of the children were infected withS. haematobium. Median riboflavin intake in 5- to 15-year-old children from the food records was 0·42 mg/d, ~47 % of the estimated average requirement for this age group. Prevalence of riboflavin deficiency was 65 %, as defined by an EGRAC value >1·2. Age, elevated CRP and iron deficiency were significant predictors of Hb. Riboflavin-deficient children free of malaria were more likely to be iron deficient (odds ratio; 3·07; 95 % CI 1·12, 8·41). In conclusion, nearly two-thirds of school-age children in south-central Côte d'Ivoire are mildly riboflavin deficient. Riboflavin deficiency did not predict Hb and/or anaemia, but did predict iron deficiency among children free of malaria.
The impact of voluntary fortification of foods on micronutrient intakes in Irish adults
Authors: Hannon Evelyn M. , Kiely Mairead , Flynn Albert 
Published: March 2007

The objective of this work was to quantify the impact of the voluntary fortification of foods on dietary intakes of vitamins and minerals of Irish adults. Foods that were voluntarily fortified were identified and pre- and post-fortification levels of micronutrients were determined from data supplied by manufacturers and food composition tables. Using food consumption data in 1379 adults aged 18–64 years, estimated using a 7-d food diary during the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey, intakes of micronutrients were determined, both including and excluding the fortification component in foods. Of approximately 3000 foods recorded as consumed, 1·9 % were fortified, mainly breakfast cereals and beverages. Median micronutrient content of fortified foods (FF) ranged from 18–33 % EC RDA per typical serving. Among consumers (65 % of men, 68 % of women), FF contributed, on average, 3·9 % (men) and 5·0 % (women) to mean daily intake (MDI) of energy. Relative to their contribution to MDI of energy, FF contribute a greater % MDI for Fe (men 16, women 19), folate (men 18, women 21), vitamins B1(men 14, women 16), B2(men 16, women 18), B6(men 12, women 15), D (men 5, women 11), B12(men 5, women 7) and niacin (men 10, women 12). Fortification significantly improved the adequacy of intake of some micronutrients, particularly of riboflavin, folate, vitamin D and Fe in women and did not contribute to an increased risk of adverse effects from excessive intake of any micronutrient.
Effects of a high walnut and high cashew nut diet on selected markers of the metabolic syndrome: a controlled feeding trial
Authors: Mukuddem-Petersen Janine , Stonehouse (Oosthuizen) Welma , Jerling Johann C. , Hanekom Susanna M. , White Zelda 
Published: March 2007

We investigated the effects of a high walnut diet and a high unsalted cashew nut diet on selected markers of the metabolic syndrome. In a randomized, parallel, controlled study design, sixty-four subjects having the metabolic syndrome (twenty-nine men, thirty-five women) with a mean age of 45 (sd 10) years and who met the selection criteria were all fed a 3-week run-in control diet. Hereafter, participants were grouped according to gender and age and then randomized into three groups receiving a controlled feeding diet including walnuts, or unsalted cashew nuts or no nuts for 8 weeks. Subjects were required to have lunch at the metabolic ward of the Nutrition Department of the North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus). Both the walnut and the unsalted cashew nut intervention diets had no significant effect on the HDL-cholesterol, TAG, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, serum fructosamine, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, blood pressure and serum uric acid concentrations when compared to the control diet. Low baseline LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the cashew nut group may have masked a possible nut-related benefit. Plasma glucose concentrations increased significantly (P = 0·04) in the cashew nut group compared to the control group. By contrast, serum fructosamine was unchanged in the cashew nut group while the control group had significantly increased (P = 0·04) concentrations of this short-term marker of glycaemic control. Subjects displayed no improvement in the markers of the metabolic syndrome after following a walnut diet or a cashew nut diet compared to a control diet while maintaining body weight.
Statistics for the Quality Control Chemistry Laboratory
Authors: Mullins Eamonn 
Published: March 2007

Statistical methods are essential tools for analysts, particularly those working in Quality Control Laboratories. This book provides a sound introduction to their use in analytical chemistry, without requiring a strong mathematical background. It emphasises simple graphical methods of data analysis, such as control charts, which are also a fundamental requirement in laboratory accreditation. A large part of the book is concerned with the design and analysis of laboratory experiments, including sample size determination. Practical case studies and many real databases from both QC laboratories and the research literature, are used to illustrate the ideas in action.
The aim of Statistics for the Quality Control Chemistry Laboratory is to give the reader a strong grasp of the concept of statistical variation in laboratory data and of the value of simple statistical ideas ad methods in thinking about and manipulation such data, It will be invaluable to analysts working in QC laboratories in industry, hospitals and public health, and will also be welcomed as a textbook for aspiring analysts in colleges and universities.
Radial scars/complex sclerosing lesions and malignancy in a screening programme: incidence and histological features revisited
Authors: Doyle E M , Banville N , Quinn C M , Flanagan F , O'Doherty A , Hill A D K , Kerin M J , Fitzpatrick P , Kennedy M 
Published: March 2007

Aims:  Radial scars (RS) are benign entities, frequently identified on screening mammography, which may be associated with malignancy. Much debate has been generated with regard to the optimum management of RS. We present our experience of RS in the first 5 years of a screening programme. The aim was to evaluate (i) the incidence of atypia and malignancy and (ii) the value of the preoperative core biopsy. We also further characterize the histological features.Methods and results:  One hundred and twenty‐five histologically confirmed cases of RS were reviewed (111 had preoperative biopsies). Thirty‐one (24.8%) patients had a final malignant diagnosis (11 with invasive malignancy) and 28 (22.4%) showed atypia (including lobular carcinoma in situ). In those with core biopsies and a final malignant diagnosis, 12 cases were categorized as B5 (41.3%), three as B4 (10.3%), 12 as B3 (41.3%) and two as B2 (7%). Common histological features included obliterated ducts and chronic inflammation with, less frequently, neural hyperplasia (16.8%) and perineural invasion (3.2%).Conclusions:  The high incidence of atypia and malignancy identified in our study justifies our policy of removing all mammographically detected RS. We emphasize the utility of preoperative core biopsy evaluation in permitting one‐stage surgical therapy in those with B5 diagnoses.
Perspective: Masculinized dominant females in a cooperatively breeding species, a case of cross‐sexual transfer?
Authors: KETTERSON ELLEN D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis issue of Molecular Ecology includes an exciting article by Aubin‐Horth et al. in which they examine behaviour, hormone levels, and gene expression in dominant and subordinate male and female cichlid fishes of the African species Neolamprologus pulcher. Their fascinating experiments take us one important step closer to an understanding of one of life's persistent mysteries: why males differ from females and how such differences develop and evolve.
Chemical, physical and biological characteristics of Saladito Reservoir, Cienfuegos Province, Cuba
Authors: Averhoff Orlando Laíz , Gómez Ana Brito , Del Rey Eduardo Rodríguez , Aguiar Carmen Betancourt , Villazón Miguel Aguila 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSaladito Reservoir, located in Cienfuegos Province in Cuba, lies in an intermediate position between tropical and subtropical climatic conditions. Although Cuba only had 13 reservoirs before 1959, the government has constructed 229 reservoirs since that time, with a total storage capacity of 8.81 km3, administered by the National Hydraulic Resources Institute. In 1995, it was proposed to use waste water from the Swinish Farm to fertilize small reservoirs, providing nitrogen and phosphorus to increase primary production in the reservoirs as a means of facilitating high fish production levels. Saladito Reservoir, with a hydrographic basin of 34.5 km2, a mean depth of 3.4 m and a water retention time of 2 years, was constructed as the final part of the wastewater treatment system for Swinish Farm in the Palmyra Municipality. The main objective of this study is to determine the level of eutrophication in the reservoir after it had received waste water from the Farm for 17 months, based on relevant biological (phytoplankton), chemical and physical indicators sampled at five stations on 22 and 23 May 1995. Based on the measured parameters, the concentration of dissolved salts was generally high, with calcium and bicarbonate being the dominant ions. The nitrite‐nitrogen and nitrate‐nitrogen concentrations were relatively low at the surface, increasing with depth, while the ammonium‐nitrogen concentrations were extremely high, likely related to the high organic content of the reservoir. The total phosphorus concentration also exhibited high values, indicating the possible existence of soluble phosphorus in a complex with iron, which would allow algae to assimilate it like phosphate. The water transparency, measured as Secchi disk, was 0.2 m at all sampling stations. The chlorophyll‐a concentration ranged from 111 µg L−1 in the surface water to 50 µg L−1 at the bottom depth. The phytoplankton cell counts identified 27 algal species contained in five classes. The dominant group was Cyanophyceae, with Oscillatoria sp. being the largest contribution to the reservoir biomass. Twenty‐seven taxa were present in the reservoir in concentrations of at least 1 mg m−3. The results of this study indicate that Saladito Reservoir is hyper‐eutrophic, based on its measured biomass (cell counts), and chlorophyll‐α, inorganic nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations. The possible production of algal toxins from blue‐green algal growths also could be affecting the productivity of Saladito Reservoir.
Family Emotional Processes and Adolescents' Adjustment
Authors: Stocker Clare M. , Richmond Melissa K. , Rhoades Galena K. , Kiang Lisa 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study examined associations between parents' emotion coaching and emotional expressiveness, and adolescents' internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The sample included 131 16‐year‐olds and their mothers and fathers. Adolescents completed an open‐ended interview about their parents' emotion coaching. Adolescents rated parents' negative emotional expressiveness, and parents and adolescents reported on adolescents' adjustment. Results indicated that mothers were more accepting and supportive of their children's expression of negative emotions than were fathers. Parents' coaching of emotions was associated with fewer adolescents' internalizing symptoms and was unrelated to their externalizing symptoms. Parents' negative emotional expressiveness was positively linked to adolescents' internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Parents' emotion coaching and negative emotional expressiveness explained unique variance in adolescents' internalizing symptoms. Results highlight the importance of the family's emotional climate for adolescents' well‐being.
Emotion Understanding in English‐ and Spanish‐speaking Preschoolers Enrolled in Head Start
Authors: Downs Andrew , Strand Paul , Cerna Sandra 
Published: March 2007

AbstractResearch assessing children's emotion understanding has increased over the past several years. Despite the proliferation of research, there have been few studies conducted examining the development of emotion understanding in children from diverse backgrounds. Further, there has been no research conducted examining the psychometric properties of emotion understanding measures when used with children from diverse backgrounds. A total of 597 preschool children from low‐income families enrolled in Head Start (248 Spanish‐speaking and 349 English‐speaking) were given an emotion understanding assessment in their native language at two sessions separated by six months. All children showed significant growth in emotion understanding abilities from time 1 to time 2, with English‐speaking children generally outperforming Spanish‐speaking children. The psychometric performance of the measure was analyzed for both English and Spanish samples and for English‐speaking children at different levels of language ability.
Representations of Parent–Child Alliances in Children's Family Drawings
Authors: Leon Kim , Wallace Tamar , Rudy Duane 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between children's representations of parent–child alliances (PCA) and their peer relationship quality, using a new scale that was developed to rate representations of PCA in children's family drawings. The parent–child alliance pattern is characterized by a relationship between parent and child that is stronger than the marital relationship. We used family drawings to assess children's (at the ages of 4–8 years) representations of alliances because it is often difficult for children to express their perceptions of family dynamics verbally. Children whose drawings were rated higher in PCA were rated lower in prosocial behavior and assertiveness and higher in social problems by their teachers. These relationships were stronger for boys than for girls.
Remarkably different phylogeographic structure in two closely related lizard species in a zone of sympatry in south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Hodges K. M. , Rowell D. M. , Keogh J. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPhylogeographic structure is a product of a species' life history and dispersal patterns, geographic history, climatic history and chance. Comparative phylogeography, using carefully chosen model species, can highlight the relative contribution of each of these factors and identify common processes affecting communities. In this study we compare and contrast fine‐scale phylogeographic patterns in two ground‐dwelling species of water skink, Eulamprus heatwolei and Eulamprus tympanum, from the biogeographically well‐characterized Tallaganda region in south‐eastern Australia, and compare them against data from a number of invertebrate species from the same region. Using variation in mitochondrial sequence, we have uncovered dramatically different biogeographic histories for the two species, despite their marked behavioural and morphological similarity. Eulamprus tympanum shows an average corrected sequence divergence of 0.014 and patterns of geographic variation in haplotypes consistent with historical vegetational changes resulting from past glaciation cycles. In contrast, E. heatwolei shows an average divergence of only 0.0075, and geographic structure that reflects a recent and rapid colonization, perhaps following an ice age local extinction. These two contrasting patterns of variation have also been identified in invertebrate taxa as disparate as collembolans and spiders; these species show either deep structure, associated with local persistence, or little variation of structure, which we attribute to recent extinction and re‐colonization. We argue that historical persistence versus extinction is a consequence of (often minor) differences in lifestyle and local habitat preference.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in Asiatic sand sedge, Carex kobomugi Ohwi (Cyperaceae)
Authors: OHSAKO TAKANORI , YAMANE KYOKO 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from Asiatic sand sedge, Carex kobomugi Ohwi (Cyperaceae), a clonal perennial herb predominant in sandy coast vegetation in Japan. Polymorphism was surveyed for 24 ramets within a single population and for eight distinct individuals from six populations. Within a population, between two and eight alleles were found per locus, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.041 to 0.720. Among populations, a higher level of polymorphism was observed. The microsatellite loci were shown to be useful for the study of spatial genetic structure at fine scale and genetic differentiation among populations.
Bionomics and morphological and molecular characterization of Elasmus schmitti and Baryscapus elasmi (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae), parasitoids associated with a paper wasp, Polistes dominulus (Vespoidea, Vespidae)
Authors: GUMOVSKY Alex , RUSINA Lidiya , FIRMAN Lesya 
Published: March 2007

Abstract Elasmus schmitti and Baryscapus elasmi have been recorded in southern Ukraine as gregarious parasitoids in the nests of the paper wasps Polistes dominulus and Polistes nimphus. Polistes dominulus nests infested with E. schmitti were less productive than uninfested nests in only one year (2004) of the three years of the present study, when an increase in the host population size occurred. Females of E. schmitti are synovigenic, and they lay their eggs on the skins of P. dominulus last instar larvae, without paralyzing the host. Rather, the parasitoid larvae feed on young host pupae. The pupae of E. schmitti are isolated from the host remnants by a thin fecal partition as in Elasmus polistis and Elasmus japonicus, other paper wasp parasitoids. Baryscapus elasmi is a pupal endoparasitoid of E. schmitti. The females of B. elasmi emerge without mature eggs in their ovaries and mate with males. They penetrate the paper wasp’s cells with their ovipositor and feed on the extracted hemolymph exudate. Pupation of B. elasmi occurs inside or outside the pupa of the host, E. schmitti. If inside, then the cranial end of the pupa and the adult emergence hole of B. elasmi are situated in the caudal ends of the pupae of their hosts. Comparative notes and illustrations on the morphology of adults are provided, and DNA sequences of three genes (nuclear 28S D2 rDNA, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I, and mitochondrial cytochrome b) were obtained for both parasitoid species. The similarity of the 28S D2 sequences of E. schmitti and E. polistis relative to other available Elasmus sequences suggests a single origin of parasitism on paper wasps in this genus.
Genus Amiota Loew (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from the Qinling mountain system, central China
Authors: XU Miaofeng , GAO Jianjun , CHEN Hongwei 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwenty Amiota species are reported from the Qinling mountain system, central China, with descriptions of four new species: A. albidipuncta Xu and Chen sp. nov., A. brunneifemoralis Xu and Chen sp. nov., A. flavipes Xu and Chen sp. nov., and A. setitibia Xu and Chen sp. nov. The relevant parts of previous keys to species of the genus Amiota are modified to cover the four new species. A faunal comparison among several areas in East and South‐East Asia reveals three biogeographic realms of the Amiota fauna: South‐East Asia, south China and the east Palearctic. The species composition of the Qinling area is most similar to that of south‐eastern China and secondly to that of the Hengduan Mountains area, these three areas forming together the south China realm. Excepting the four new species endemic to the Qinling mountain system, seven of the 16 known species are distributed in both the Oriental and Palearctic regions, but the remaining nine species are restricted to the Oriental region, with the northern limits of their distributions in the Qinling mountain system. This suggests the importance of this mountain range as a biogeographic barrier for the genus Amiota as well as other organisms.
Discovery of the genusSuhpalacsaLefèbvre (Neuroptera: Ascalaphidae: Ascalaphinae) in Japan, with description of a new species
Authors: SEKIMOTO Shigeyuki , YOSHIZAWA Kazunori 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSuhpalacsa iriomotensissp. nov. (Neuroptera: Ascalaphidae: Ascalaphinae), is described from Iriomotejima Island, Japan. This new species can be easily distinguished from other species of the genus by the unique ventrolateral prominences of the male ectoproct. This is the first record of the genusSuhpalacsafrom Japan. The morphology of the male ectoproct and the monophyly ofSuhpalacsaare discussed briefly.