bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of tolerance and toxicity to high‐dose continuous intravenous furosemide in haemodynamically unstable infants after cardiac surgery
Authors: Van Der Vorst Maria M. J. , Kist‐van Holthe Joana E. , Den Hartigh Jan , Van Der Heijden Albert J. , Cohen Adam F. , Burggraaf Jacobus 
Published: April 2007

What is already known about this subject • Continous i.v. infusion of furosemide is superior to intermittent administrations, especially in haemodynamically unstable infants, because it results in a more controlled diuresis (although doses are generally chosen rather low). What this study adds • High‐dose continuous furosemide infusion is an effective treatment for volume overload in haemodynamically unstable infants.• Development of tolerance to furosemide was not observed despite high doses and prolonged exposure.• Maximum serum furosemide concentrations remained well below the presumed toxic concentration.AimTo evaluate a high‐dose continuous furosemide regimen in infants after cardiac surgery.MethodsFifteen haemodynamically unstable infants with volume overload admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit were treated with an aggressive furosemide regimen consisting of a loading bolus (1–2 mg kg−1) followed by a continuous infusion at 0.2 mg kg−1 h−1 which was adjusted according to a target urine output of 4 ml kg−1 h−1. Frequent sampling for furosemide concentrations in blood and urine was done for 3 days with simultaneous assessment of sodium excretion and urine output.ResultsThe mean furosemide dose was 0.22 (± 0.06), 0.25 (± 0.10) and 0.22 (± 0.11) mg kg−1 h−1 on the first, second and third day, respectively. Median urine production was 3.0 (0.6–5.3), 4.2 (1.7–6.6) and 3.9 (2.0–8.5) ml kg−1 h−1, respectively, on the first, second and third day of the study. The target urine production was reached at a median time of 24 (6–60) h and this was maintained during the study period. The regimen did not result in toxic serum concentrations and was haemodynamically well tolerated.ConclusionHigh‐dose continuous furosemide infusion for 72 h in haemodynamically unstable infants after cardiac surgery appears to be a safe and effective treatment for volume overload. Development of tolerance against the effects of furosemide and ototoxic furosemide concentrations were not observed.
Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus
Authors: Prasad Kameshwar , Krishnan Pudukode R. , Al‐Roomi Khaldoon , Sequeira Reginald 
Published: April 2007

AimsTo determine whether a particular anticonvulsant is more effective or safer than another or placebo in patients with status epilepticus, and to summarize the available evidence from randomized controlled trials, and to highlight areas for future research in status epilepticus.MethodsRandomized controlled trials of participants with premonitory, early, established or refractory status epilepticus using a truly random or quasi‐random allocation of treatments were included.ResultsEleven studies with 2017 participants met the inclusion criteria. Lorazepam was better than diazepam for reducing risk of seizure continuation [relative risk (RR) 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45, 0.90] and of requirement of a different drug or general anaesthesia (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.45, 0.88) with no statistically significant difference in the risk of adverse effects. Lorazepam was better than phenytoin for risk of seizure continuation (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.45, 0.86). Diazepam 30 mg intrarectal gel was better than 20 mg in premonitory status epilepticus for the risk of seizure continuation (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.18, 0.86).ConclusionsLorazepam is better than diazepam or phenytoin alone for cessation of seizures and carries a lower risk of continuation of status epilepticus requiring a different drug or general anaesthesia. Both lorazepam and diazepam are better than placebo for the same outcomes. In the treatment of premonitory seizures, diazepam 30 mg intrarectal gel is better than 20 mg for cessation of seizures without a statistically significant increase in adverse effects. Universally accepted definitions of premonitory, early, established and refractory status epilepticus are required.
Occurrence of Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) in Jordan
Authors: Anfoka G. H. , Abhary M. K. 
Published: April 2007

A new disease on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) caused by Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) has been detected for the first time in Jordan. Disease symptoms consisted of interveinal yellowing areas in older leaves followed by generalized yellowing. Using specific primers, Tomato infectious chlorosis virus was detected in symptomatic plants by RT‐PCR. The amplified fragment (416 bp) was cloned and sequenced. Results of sequence analysis showed that the Jordanian isolate of TICV shared high nucleotide similarity (> 98%) with two other isolates from Japan and France. The distribution of TICV has been investigated in four regions in the Jordan Valley by non‐radioactive dot blot hybridization. Data from the study showed high incidence of the disease in all surveyed regions. In addition, the expected size of the coat protein gene of TICV could be amplified from two symptomatic weeds species, Chenopodium album and Chenopodium murale, indicating that these weeds are natural hosts for the virus.
Successful prolonged rituximab treatment for post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder following living donor liver transplantation in a child
Authors: Hayashida Makoto , Ogita Keiko , Matsuura Toshiharu , Takahashi Yukiko , Nishimoto Yuko , Ohga Shouichi , Hara Toshiro , Soejima Yuji , Taketomi Akinobu , Maehara Yoshihiko , Kohashi Kenichi , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi , Taguchi Tomoaki 
Published: April 2007

Abstract: PTLD is a serious complication of immunosuppression in solid organ transplant recipients. The incidence of PTLD is significantly higher in pediatric recipients than in adult because children are often EBV‐seronegative and they may develop primary EBV infection after transplantation. We herein describe a case of GI‐PTLD who achieved a complete remission by prolonged rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20, mono‐therapy. A one‐yr‐old female underwent a LDLT for liver failure after having previously undergone the Kasai procedure for biliary atresia. At sixty days following the transplantation, GI‐PTLD developed. Withdrawal of immunosuppression and a surgical resection were thus performed. A histopathological examination of tumor revealed atypical medium to large cell lymphoid proliferation with strong CD20 immunopositivity indicating their B‐cell origin. Polymorphic PTLD was diagnosed. Rituximab was administered at a dose of 375 mg/m2 once a week, and the monotherapy resulted in a complete remission after 34 administrations. Based on this case, rituximab appears to be beneficial as a first‐line therapy for PTLD.
Will investors change their superannuation fund given the choice?
Authors: Fry Tim , Heaney Richard , McKeown Warren 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA large number of Australian investors have been granted the right to choose where their superannuation fund contributions will be invested, but it is difficult to ascertain whether investors will exercise this choice. Although expected‐utility‐maximizing investors might tend to change their fund once given the choice, loss averse investors would favour the status quo. Using a survey of over 1600 Australian investors, conducted by FinaMetrica in early 2005, we find support for inertia (status quo) in our sample suggesting that, with respect to superannuation choice, individual Australian investors are loss averse.
Marriage, Divorce and Reciprocity‐based Cooperation
Authors: Anderberg Dan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper considers partnership formation, partnership dissolution and reciprocity‐based cooperation by couples in the form of voluntary transfers to smooth consumption. While risk sharing is one benefit of having a partner, it is also limited by the (endogenous) risk of separation. The equilibrium formation and dissolution of partnerships are determined simultaneously with cooperative behavior. Publicly provided earnings insurance is shown to increase the “turnover” rate in the marriage market as well as to reduce the steady‐state marriage rate and the implicit financial cooperation between partners.
Social partnership and workplace regimes in Ireland
Authors: Roche William K. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTWorkplace partnership has attracted considerable attention from the academic community in recent years, especially in Anglo‐Saxon countries. There has also been considerable debate as to the diffusion of workplace partnership in the Republic of Ireland, notwithstanding strong public policy support over the past decade. There is a good degree of consensus in the literature as to the defining features of partnership, and these are used to identify a series of partnership practices and arrangements that provide the basis for an empirical analysis of the prevalence of partnership in workplaces where unions are recognised and workplaces without union recognition. The article draws on survey data collected from a nationally representative sample of 3,553 employees. Both a descriptive analysis and the use of latent class modelling show that partnership arrangements comprising multiple practices and arrangements are of very limited prevalence in workplaces in Ireland. The pattern is revealed as one of many permutations and combinations in workplaces involving the presence and absence of partnership practices and arrangements, with workplaces combining systematic sets of partnership practices covering small proportions of employees. The evidence of limited diffusion, combined with the growing diversity in employment relations arrangements in Ireland, raises doubts concerning the prospects of workplace partnership.
Performing industrial relations: the centrality of gender in regulation of work in theatre and television
Authors: Dean Deborah 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTWomen performers have worked in a formally unsegregated occupation since 1660. However, formal and informal regulation of their access to work can only be understood in the context of their interaction as gendered workers with other, gendered, institutions and processes. This analysis has wider implications for the study of industrial relations.
Developing reservoir tillage technology for semi‐arid environments
Authors: Patrick C. , Kechavarzi C. , James I. T. , O'Dogherty M. , Godwin R. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractArable farming on suitable land in semi‐arid environments is hampered by low and erratic rainfall and droughts. To use this land effectively, techniques, such as water harvesting may improve soil water storage and increase agricultural productivity. Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess two reservoir tillage methods under different slopes, rainfall intensities and soil densities. A commercial trailed tillage tool (Aqueel) was used to form discrete soil depressions by compression of the soil and a soil scooping device with similar dimensions was used to make depressions in shear by lifting the soil out. The results show that, for the sandy loam used in this study, reservoir tillage is an effective method of harvesting water under high‐intensity rainfall of short duration common in semi‐arid areas. It reduced surface run‐off by 95% on 10° slopes when depressions were staggered and positioned with their long axis across slope. However, high initial soil bulk densities lead to a significant reduction in the volume of the depressions formed in compression and to internal compaction. Increasing vertical load on the Aqueel resulted in an increase in depression volume without an increase in internal compaction but at high bulk densities the depression volumes remained small and high implement load damaged the depression function and stability. This suggests a need for a pre‐loosening tillage operation for compacted soils and the need to design new implements to form depressions in shear.
Newspapers in Victorian Britain
Authors: Hampton Mark 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis article argues that while the prolific scholarship on the Victorian press arguably does not constitute a coherent research field that engages with common concerns, broader trends can be identified into which much of the scholarship falls. Specifically, many studies of the Victorian press can be categorized around three questions: the level of continuity or rupture between mid‐Victorian newspapers and the New Journalism beginning in the 1880s; the press's role in social control; and the role of the press in buttressing and challenging separate spheres ideologies.
Long‐term Prognosis for Symptomatic (Secondarily) Generalized Epilepsies: A Population‐based Study
Authors: Camfield Peter , Camfield Carol 
Published: April 2007

Summary:  Purpose: To describe the long‐term outcome of childhood‐onset secondarily generalized epilepsies (SGEs). Methods: Children were identified from the Nova Scotia population‐based epilepsy study (n = 692). Onset of epilepsy was between 1977 and 1985, and follow‐up was mainly in 2003. SGE was defined as having a mixture of more than one generalized seizure types including myoclonus, akinetic/atonic, tonic, or atypical absence, plus an interictal EEG with generalized spike–wave (irregular or slow) and/or multifocal spikes. Results: SGE was identified in 80 children, 11.6% (80 of 692) of all childhood epilepsy. Forty percent did not fit into a currently accepted syndrome (such as Lennox–Gastaut, myoclonic–astatic or West). Seizure onset was in the first year of life in 60%, with only 9% later free of intellectual or physical handicap. Sixty‐five percent (11 of 17) with Lennox–Gastaut had preceding West syndrome. During a median follow‐up of 20 years, mortality was 24% (n = 19), and 53% (n = 42) had persistently intractable seizures. Surprisingly, 22 (28%) had ≥5 years of terminal remission (West, 31%, 10 of 32; Lennox–Gastaut, 0, none of four; myoclonic–astatic, 56%, five of nine; undefined, 31%, 10 of 32). At the end of follow‐up, nearly 90% of patients fell into one of three outcome categories: death, 19 (24%); alive with intractable epilepsy, 31 (39%); or in remission for ≥5 years, 21 (26%). Conclusions: Many children with SGE have ill‐defined epilepsy syndromes. SGE is characterized by early age at onset, high rates of handicap, intractability, and death, although one third achieve complete seizure control with a long terminal remission.
Neurologic Improvement in a Type 3 Gaucher Disease Patient Treated with Imiglucerase/Miglustat Combination
Authors: Capablo Jose L. , Franco Rafael , De Cabezón Alicia Sáenz , Alfonso Pilar , Pocovi Miguel , Giraldo Pilar 
Published: April 2007

Summary:  Purpose: Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal disorder caused by a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase. The neurologic manifestations of GD patients have to date been refractory to any treatment approach. We present a report of a neuronopathic GD patient whose myoclonic epilepsy improved after combination therapy with imiglucerase and miglustat. Methods: In an adult type 3 GD patient who, despite good visceral and analytic response to ERT, developed progressive neurologic deterioration with marked myoclonic epilepsy and dystonia, we added miglustat to the enzyme‐replacement therapy. Results: After 2 years of combined miglustat (200 mg, 3 t.i.d.) and imiglucerase (60 IU/kg every 2 weeks), generalized tonic–clonic seizures decreased, speech improved, and the general neurologic clinical picture improved markedly. The EEG showed a reduction in focal and generalized paroxysmal discharges. No significant adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: Combined imiglucerase and miglustat therapy may be beneficial for some neuronopathic forms of GD.
Facial Paresis in Patients with Mesial Temporal Sclerosis: Clinical and Quantitative MRI‐based Evidence of Widespread Disease
Authors: Lin Katia , Carrete Henrique , Lin Jaime , De Oliveira Pedro Alessandro Leite , Caboclo Luis Otávio Sales Ferreira , Sakamoto Américo Ceiki , Yacubian Elza Márcia Targas 
Published: April 2007

Summary:  Purpose: To assess the frequency and significance of facial paresis (FP) in a well‐defined cohort of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients. Methods: One hundred consecutive patients with MRI findings consistent with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and concordant electroclinical data underwent facial motor examination at rest, with voluntary expression, and with spontaneous smiling. Hippocampal, amygdaloid, and temporopolar (TP) volumetric measures were acquired. Thirty healthy subjects, matched according to age and sex, were taken as controls. Results: Central‐type FP was found in 46 patients. In 41 (89%) of 46, it was visualized at rest, with voluntary and emotional expression characterizing true facial motor paresis. In 33 (72%) of 46 patients, FP was contralateral to the side of MTS. By using a 2‐SD cutoff from the mean of normal controls, we found reduction in TP volume ipsilateral to MTS in 61% of patients with FP and in 33% of those without (p = 0.01). Febrile seizures as initial precipitating injury (IPI) were observed in 34% of the patients and were classified as complex in 12 (26%) of 46 of those with FP and in five (9%) of 54 of those without (p = 0.02). The presence of FP was significantly associated with a shorter latent period and younger age at onset of habitual seizures, in particular, with secondarily generalized tonic–clonic seizures. Conclusions: Facial paresis is a reliable lateralizing sign in MTLE and was associated with history of complex febrile seizures as IPI, younger age at onset of disease, and atrophy of temporal pole ipsilateral to MTS, indicating more widespread disease.
Effect of Focal Low‐frequency Stimulation on Amygdala‐kindled Afterdischarge Thresholds and Seizure Profiles in Fast‐ and Slow‐kindling Rat Strains
Authors: Carrington Carys A. , Gilby Krista L. , McIntyre Dan C. 
Published: April 2007

Summary:  Purpose: To determine whether low‐frequency, 1‐Hz sine‐wave stimulation (LFS) applied to a fully kindled amygdala focus would show antiepileptic properties in rats that were either naturally seizure prone (Fast) or seizure resistant (Slow). Methods: Normal twisted and/or “spanning” bipolar electrode configurations were implanted in the amygdalae of adult male Fast and Slow rats. In experiment one, rats were kindled daily to stage‐5 levels through one electrode type until stable afterdischarge thresholds (ADTs) were obtained. Next, LFS was applied through the kindled electrode, and ADTs were redetermined 1 min later, and daily for a week, without reapplying the LFS. In experiment two, a single, normal bipolar kindling electrode was implanted in the amygdala and centered between two poles of a spanning electrode. After stable kindled ADTs were obtained, LFS was applied to the amygdala “area” through the spanning electrode. ADTs were redetermined at the kindled electrode as earlier. Results: LFS through the kindling electrode had no effect on ADTs 1 min later, but the ADTs increased dramatically 24 h later and then slowly returned to baseline over days. In experiment two, LFS applied through the nonkindled spanning electrode also showed a small but significant threshold elevation at the interposing kindled electrode. Importantly, no obvious neuropathology was associated with these LFS treatments. Conclusions: LFS applied directly to the kindled network has significant threshold‐elevating properties that are less evident when applied to the “general area”; here LFS must be delivered through a larger surface area and/or at higher intensity.
A Hypothesis for How Non‐REM Sleep Might Promote Seizures in Partial Epilepsies: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study
Authors: Salih Farid , Khatami Ramin , Steinheimer Saskia , Kretz Rebekka , Schmitz Bettina , Grosse Pascal 
Published: April 2007

Summary:  Purpose: To investigate alterations of inhibitory and excitatory cortical circuits during non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in drug‐naive patients with partial epilepsies and sleep‐bound seizures only. Methods: A paired‐pulse TMS paradigm was used to test intracortical inhibition (ICI) and facilitation (ICF) in the hemisphere of the epileptic focus in three untreated patients with nonlesional, nongenetic frontal lobe epilepsy in NREM2 (three patients), NREM3/4 (one patient), and wakefulness (three patients). Results: All three patients exhibited a major decrease of ICI in NREM sleep as opposed to the physiological enhancement of ICI with the progression of NREM sleep. Conclusions: Decreased ICI might reflect a substrate for the association of epileptic processes with thalamocortical networks that propagate sleep. Thus our findings contribute to a hypothesis of how NREM sleep could promote seizures.
Panayiotopoulos Syndrome: A Prospective Study of 192 Patients
Authors: Caraballo Roberto , Cersósimo Ricardo , Fejerman Natalio 
Published: April 2007

Summary: Objectives:To characterize the electroclinical features and evolution of Panayiotopoulos Syndrome (PS).Methods:Children with electroclinical criteria of PS were prospectively identified and followed‐up clinically, and with sleep and awake EEGs between February 1990 and 2006.Results:We identified 192 patients with PS. In the same length of time 398 children with benign childhood epilepsy with centro‐temporal spikes (BCECTS) were registered. PS had a peak age at onset of 5 years. Autonomic manifestations were one of the most common ictal event. Ictal deviation of the eyes and progression to generalized convulsions were also quite frequent. Approximately one third had partial status epilepticus. In all patients except five, the seizures occurred during sleep. One‐third also had fits while awake. Sixteen children had concomitant symptoms of rolandic epilepsy and eight developed rolandic seizures after remission of PS seizures. Prognosis was excellent. Eighty‐four (44.2%) had a single seizure, 79 (41.2%) had 2–5 fits, and 28 (14.6%) had frequent seizures.Conclusion:PS is less common than BCECTS, but is well defined and easily recognizable by clinical and EEG features, with autonomic manifestations as one of the most common ictal event.
Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam in Infants and Young Children with Epilepsy
Authors: Glauser Tracy A. , Mitchell Wendy G. , Weinstock Arie , Bebin Martina , Chen Dion , Coupez Rene , Stockis Armel , Lu Zhihong (Sarah) 
Published: April 2007

Summary:  Purpose: To assess the single‐dose pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam and its major metabolite ucb L057 in infants and young children with epilepsy. Methods: Eligible patients with a stable regimen of antiepileptic medications received a single oral dose of levetiracetam 20 mg/kg administered as a 10% oral solution followed by a 24‐hour pharmacokinetic evaluation. Results: Thirteen subjects (age 2.3–46.2 months) enrolled and received levetiracetam; 12 provided evaluable pharmacokinetic data. Levetiracetam was rapidly absorbed and reached peak plasma concentration (tmax) 1.4 ± 0.9 hours after dosing. The mean half‐life (t1/2) of levetiracetam was 5.3 ± 1.3 hours, and the apparent clearance was 1.46 ± 0.42 mL/min/kg. Graphical differences were observed among three age subgroups (1 to <6 months, 6 to <24 months, and 24 to <48 months); however, statistical analysis was limited due to each subgroup's small sample size. No significant gender differences were detected. Treatment‐emergent adverse events were seen in three patients (23.1%) but were not considered to be related to levetiracetam. Conclusions: The mean t1/2 of levetiracetam was shorter and its apparent clearance was more rapid for infants and young children than that previously reported for adults. When determining dosage, age‐dependent drug clearance should be considered; these findings suggest that a larger dose of levetiracetam (corrected for body weight) needs to be considered for infants and young children with epilepsy than that given to adults with epilepsy. A single dose of levetiracetam was well tolerated in this study population.