bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RAPID GROWTH AND CENTROLOBULAR EMPHYSEMA AFTER STENOSING TRACHEITIS AND CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE TO LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF OXYGEN
Authors: BIEBER CHARLES P. , ROSAN ROBERT C. , NORTHWAY WILLIAM H. , SMITH PENELOPE CAVE , DAILY WILLIAM J. , BRAND MICHAEL M. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYAn 846 g newborn survives critical apnea, pseudomonad pneumonia and stenosing tracheitis, and thrives during 3 months of exposure to 40% oxygen. When he dies unexpectedly during an excellent convalescence, his lungs show a surprisingly advanced centro‐lobular emphysema. The history excites skepticism about the clinical evaluation of “silent” lungs of newborns, and demonstrates how remarkable a disparity may exist between ventilatory function and morphological damage in newborns. The possibility for contributory etiological roles is discussed for oxygen therapy, tracheal obstruction and rapid growth, but not for pneumonia. The case recalls the disturbing increase in neonatal emphysema since 1960. Restricted use of the term, Wilson‐Mikity disease, is urged while generic use of the term, lobular emphysema, is condoned.
ACID LYSIS OF RED BLOOD CELLS IN NORMAL CHILDREN
Authors: SCHETTINI F. , BRATTA A. , MAUTONE A. , ZIZZADORO P. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAcid lysis of foetal red cells has been investigated by means of an automated procedure with the Fragiligraph.The time of red cells acid lysis is augmented in the first weeks of life and returns normal after the ninetieth day of life.The rate of acid lysis is normal only after the sixtieth day of life.The behaviour of the acid lysis is related to the disappearance of the foetal erythrocytes and to the presence of adult type of red cells.
L‐ASPARAGINASE TREATMENT OF ACUTE LEUKAEMIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: de VAAN G. A. M. , BAKKEREN J. A. J. M. , SCHRETLEN E. D. A. M. , REERINK H. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe results of asparaginase‐prednisone therapy in children are reported. In 12 children with untreated acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 9 remissions were obtained, there were 2 failures and in one patient therapy had to be stopped because of an anaphylactic shock.One child with an acute myelocytic‐granulocytic type of acute leukaemia did not respond. One child with an acute monocytic‐monoblastic leukaemia was given asparaginase only. He responded very well.Four patients with a relapse of an acute myeloblastic leukaemia were treated: there were two failures, one child died too early from an infection to be evaluated. One child showed a very good reaction. Serious side‐effects were few, the drugs gave many biochemical disturbances including a constant hypofibrino‐genaemia, but these were well tolerated and reversible.
INTENSIVE CARE OF SMALL PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors: VAPAAVUORI EERO K. , KROHN KAI 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwenty‐seven deaths in premature infants weighing less than 1 250 g who were treated with intermittent positive pressure respiration are reported. The major pulmonary abnormalities were hyaline membrane formation, infection, and hemorrhage occurring‘ alone or in combination with intraverticular hemorrhage. Hyaline membranes were associated with severe clinical features of respiratory distress, whereas infection was not. Prolonged treatment resulted in “bronchopulmonary dysplasia” in only 1 case where severe clinical respiratory distress was associated with the finding of hyaline membranes at post mortem.
ULTRASOUNDCARDIOGRAPHY IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN
Authors: LUNDSTRÖM NILS‐RUNE , EDLER INGE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryUltrasoundcardiography (UCG) studies have been performed in about three hundred children. The age of the children varied between 1 day and 16 years. Most of the studies have been performed without premedication and all without discomfort.The UCG‐technique has been found valuable for demonstration of dilatation of the right ventricle both in cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease. In studies of lesion affecting the tricuspid valve pathological UCG‐findings have been obtained in patients with tricuspid atresia and Ebsteins anomaly.The method has also been found useful in evaluation of the state of the mitral valve. Pathological findings have been obtained in congenital mitral stenosis, mitral atresia and other forms of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, in endocardial cushion defects and in mitral regurgitation.The UCG‐technique also provides information about the outflow tract of the left ventricle. Pathological findings have been obtained in cases with membraneous subvalvular aortic stenosis and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.Pericardial effusion and thrombosis in the right atrium may be demonstrated by this technique. No complications have been observed.
CONTROL OF RESPIRATION IN NEWBORN BABIES
Authors: BODEGARD GORAN , SCHWIELER GOSTA H. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe respiratory response to an added load, recorded as the change in amplitude of the intra‐esophageal pressure swings caused by airway occlusion has been studied in 8 babies, 30 to 42 weeks of postmenstrual age. With increasing age the response to such an occlusion was found to increase gradually and it is concluded that this is a reflection of an increasing maturation of a thoracic respiratory reflex. The results are related to similar findings in developing animals and to earlier studies on the development of the Hering‐Breuer inflation reflex in babies.
CHRONIC REGIONAL ENTEROCOLITIS (MB CROHN) IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: EHRENPREIS TH. , GIERUP J. , LAGERCRANTZ R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA series of 36 children and adolescents with chronic regional enterocolitis is presented. An apparent increase in the occurrence of the disease is noted. Clinical and roentgenological findings are reported. A high incidence of colonic localization was found and is probably typical of a paediatric series. There were difficulties in establishing an early diagnosis, mainly due to the common occurrence of nonspecific symptoms in the early stages of the disease. The guiding principles for the differentiation between regional enterocolitis and ulcerative colitis are discussed. The results of conservative treatment were poor. The majority of patients (31) were subjected to surgical therapy; the main indication being chronic, progressive disease. The immediate results of surgery were good. In respect of late results, a recurrence rate of about 50% was encountered. Extensive disease, especially when treated with resection and ileorectal anastomosis seemed to have an unfavourable prognosis. The importance of radical resections is stressed.
A CASE OF PRADER‐WILLI SYNDROME IN A GIRL WITH A SMALL EXTRA CHROMOSOME
Authors: RIDLER M. A. C. , GARROD O. , BERG J. M. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA characteristic case of Prader‐Willi syndrome is reported in a girl who showed, additionally, the presence of a small extra chromosome, possibly a fragment of a D or G group chromosome. Available members of the proposita's family were found to be phenotypically and cytologically normal. The case is compared with those previously reported.
GIANT HAEMANGIOMA WITH A DISORDER OF COAGULATION
Authors: HENRIKSSON P. , NILSSON I. M. , BERGENTZ S.‐E. , LJUNGQVIST U. , ROSENGREN B. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe mechanism of the coagulation disorder in an infant with a large haemangioma of the right arm has been studied. The disorder was characterised by thrombocytopenia, prolonged bleeding time and the occurrence of fibrinolytic split products in the blood. The levels of various coagulation factors were normal. The mechanism of the disorder was further investigated by injection of 51Cr labelled platelets, which disappeared very rapidly from the circulation owing to the uptake by the haemangioma. Injection of 125I labelled fibrinogen revealed a considerable increase in disappearance rate, which, however, was not as high as for 51Cr labelled platelets. Treatment with heparin in this case appeared inadvisable because the thrombocytopenia was found to be due mainly to mechanical destruction in the haemangioma while intravascular coagulation played only a subordinate role. On the other hand, the fibrinolytic activity in the tumour vessels was found to be high, which together with the occurrence of fibrinolytic split products in the blood was considered to indicate treatment with inhibitors of fibrinolysis (EACA). During this treatment the angioma decreased in size. It would therefore appear advisable to investigate the mechanisms of the coagulation disorders in these patients before deciding upon treatment.
PROTHROMBIN IN NEWBORNS AND DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE
Authors: NOREN I. , CARLSSON E. , KRETZSCHMAR G. , TEGER‐NILSSON A.‐C. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryProthrombin concentration, determined specifically with a new two‐stage method, was compared with thrombotest activity in samples from infants, aged 0–21 days. There was a significant correlation between the two methods.Effect of treatment with vitamin K and plasma was registered with both methods.As the distribution of prothrombin and thrombotest values from normal, full‐term neonates was slightly skew, mean value and S.D. was calculated from the logarithmic values. The normal range, expressed as mean ± 2 S.D. was for prothrombin 26–85 % and for thrombotest 27–74% (values corrected for hematocrit).No bleeding was observed in any patient with prothrombin above 20% and thrombotest above 22% (corrected values). Most low values in newborns were found in children suffering from hypoxia.Prothrombin concentration was also compared with prothrombin‐proconvertin activity in samples from children, aged 0–12 months. In the healthy child prothrombin values reached the normal adult level at the age of 6–12 months, prothrombin‐proconvertin values at the age of about 3 months.
URINARY GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN EXCRETION IN THE NEONATAL PERIOD
Authors: PENNOCK C. A. , WHARTON B. A. , WHITE FRANCES 
Published: January 2008

SummaryUrinary glycosaminoglycan excretion relative to creatinine is high during the neonatal period reaching a peak in the second week of life and thereafter declining throughout childhood. The difficulty in early diagnosis of the mucopolysaccharidoses during the neonatal period is emphasized.
INHIBITION OF ERYTHROPOIESIS BY PLASMA FROM NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: SKJÆLAAEN PEER , HALVORSEN SVERRE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe marked and rapid decrease of erythropoie‐sis in the normal newborn infants may be due to disappearance of erythropoietin alone, but an inhibitory mechanism may also be involved. Several authors have previously reported the presence of erythropoiesis‐inhibiting factors in plasma from high altitude natives brought to sea level and in plasma from hypertransfused animals. The present studies of 59Fe incorporation in RBC of polycythemic mice injected with plasma from normal and hyperbilirubinemic newborn infants, show that erythropoietic in‐hibitor(s) is present in the plasma of infants at least from the fourth day of life. This inhibition was not due to the bilirubin content. A possible influence of estrogen was discussed and found to be unlikely. The relation to chalones, the tissue specific inhibitors of mitosis, is discussed.
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF DUODENAL JUICE IN RICKETS DUE TO VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY
Authors: ÖZSOYLU SIRNASI̊ , TURHAN ÖRGE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryDuodenal juice alkaline phosphatase activity of 17 children with rickets was assayed and not found to be different from the control values. Malnutrition did not seem to affect this activity.
THE CUTIS VERTICIS GYRATA AND MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROME IN A 4‐YEAR‐OLD BOY
Authors: PALO J. , IIVANAINEN M. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA 4‐year‐old profoundly mentally retarded boy with cutis verticis gyrata is described. He had four folds on the left parietal region, small asymmetric head, micrognathia, short neck, marmorated skin, thoracic scoliosis, spastic tetraplegia and epilepsy. Encephalography revealed marked asymmetric macroventriculy with hypoplastic brain stem and cerebellum. Thorn's test and corticotrophin stimulation test gave normal responses. The boy is the youngest patient with the cutis verticis gyrata and mental retardation syndrome described in the literature. The numerous malformations of the patient strongly support the theory of prenatal origin of the cutis verticis gyrata and mental retardation syndrome.
A CONTROLLED TRIAL ON THERAPY FOR NEWBORNS WEIGHING 750‐1 250 g
Authors: BUCCI G. , MENDICINI M. , SCALAMANDRÈ A. , ANNIBALDI L. , SAVIGNONI P. G. , NODARI S. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA controlled therapeutic trial was performed in newborns with birthweight of 750‐1 250 g. 40 infants (the “treatment” group) received an i.v. infusion with glucose and NaHCO, from the 1st to the 4th‐7th day of life, and increasing amount of human milk from the 2nd day of life. They also received in the newborn period 3 antibiotics (penicillin, methicillin, and colistin), gamma globulin, and fresh human plasma. 40 infants (the “control” group) received only oral feeding with 10% glucose and human milk, starting in the 2nd day of life, and i.m. kanamycin.As compared to controls, in treated infants acidemia decreased more rapidly in the first two days of birth, but hypercarbia developed after the 3rd day.Blood electrolytes and ECG studies were performed in part of the infants in the 2nd day of life. Markedly increased serum K and and BUN levels were observed in controls, and significantly lower values in treated infants. Severe ECG abnormalities were associated with hyperkalemia in controls, and were never observed in treated infants. Serum Ca levels were low and similar in the two groups. Hyperbilirubinemia occurred more frequently controls, and exchange‐transfusion was performed only in this group of infants.Since many metabolic abnormalities commonly occurring in fasting newborns with very low weight are potentially dangerous to the central nervous system, the conclusive evaluation of the i.v. infusion with glucose and NaHC03 must await long‐term follow‐up studies in survivors. While waiting for this evidence, it is suggested that this therapy should be given routinely to newborns with very low weight. The present observations also suggest that, if a reasonably fast oral feeding schedule is provided, in most circumstances the infusion therapy should not be continued after the 3rd day of birth.
CHRONIC HYPOMAGNESEMIA WITH MAGNESIUM‐DEPENDENT HYPOCALCEMIA
Authors: NORDIO S. , DONATH A. , MACAGNO F. , GATTI R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryDescription of a case of “chronic hypomag‐nesemia” with secondary hypocalcemia, tetany and convulsions followed for a period of 3 years, from the age of 7 month. Primary malabsorption of magnesium has been demonstrated. Mitochondria of intestinal mucosa cells were found to be swollen. Mg‐con‐centration was increased in sweat.
PIMARICIN (NATAMYCIN) IN THE TREATMENT OF SUPERFICIAL FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN
Authors: LASKOWNICKA Z. , PASYK K. , POREBSKA A. , ZEMBUROWA K. 
Published: January 2008

SummarySixty‐nine children suffering from superficial fungal infections were treated with four pimari‐cin preparations: pimafucin vaginal tablets, pimafucin 1 % suspension, pimafucin, and pimafucort ointments. Complete cure was achieved in fifty‐three children (76.8%), improvement in twelve (17.3%). In four (5.7%) children with serious basic diseases (leukaemia, diabetes) the treatment was unsuccessful. No signs of intolerance were observed.
HEMISPHERECTOMY IN EARLY HEMIPLEGIA AND INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY
Authors: TÖRMÄ T. , DONNER MÄRTA 
Published: January 2008

SummarySix children and young persons are described in whom hemispherectomy was performed because of intractable epilepsy and, in 5, severe behaviour disturbance. All of them had spastic hemiplegia and progressive impairment of the intellectual function before the operation. The follow‐up period was 3 to 8 years. In two cases the results were satisfactory, in 3 cases only partly so. Two of these had severe complications, one immediately after the operation and one some months later; the complications probably impaired the results. One boy did not benefit from the operation.
CARBIMAZOLE TREATMENT IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: OLIN P. , EKHOLM R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThis paper presents ultrastructural and biochemical studies on the thyroid glands from two twin‐fetuses of a CR of 105 and 120 mm, whose thyrotoxic mother was treated for 14 days with carbimazole. The light and electron microscopic appearance of the fetal thyroids corresponded to that normally seen at this stage of development. No morphological signs of excessive TSH‐stimulation were detected. The fetal thyroid glands incorporated radioiodine and labelled leucine into thyroglobulin in vitro. These normal findings during thyrostatic treatment of the mother are discussed and related to the efficiency of the fetal pituitary‐thyroid feed‐back system and to the passage of thyrostatic agents through the placenta.
SHORT TERM DIFFERENCES OF INFANT DEVELOPMENT IN NURSERY HOMES AND IN PRIVATE FAMILIES
Authors: HANSEN A. BJERRING 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe investigation was done to determine the degree to which infant homes designed to be modern and humanized are successful in rearing infants when compared to private families. Twenty‐two nursery children and twenty‐two family children were given the Hetzer‐Bühler developmental tests at ages 6 and 8 months. The two samples were controlled for health, age, sex, and social background.Characterization of the social environment was made on the basis of participant observation, home visits, and informal interviews, A remarkable similarity was found in the living environment for all the babies. There were only two marked differences between the life situation in the nurseries as compared to the private families. The emotional bonds between infant and parental figure appeared less intense, and there was a lack of continuity of the relationship.At 6 months the probability was greater than 0.5 that the two groups belonged to the same population. The nursery group showed a considerable relative retardation in the 2 months thereafter. It is suggested that the 6 first months of an infant's stay in a nursery be sufficient for arrangement of adoption or sufficient improvement in parent(s) life situation for them to take care of the child.
THE INCIDENCE AND GENETICS OF METACHROMATIC LEUCODYSTROPHY IN NORTHERN SWEDEN
Authors: GUSTAVSON K.‐H. , HAGBERG BENGT 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and genetics of metachromatic leuco‐dystrophy (MLD). A series of 13 cases of late infantile MLD and 2 cases of juvenile MLD was collected from the northern part of Sweden and studied together with their relatives. The series was considered to be adequately representative of the true occurrence of MLD during the period 1955–1965. The incidence rate for late infantile MLD was estimated to be about 1 per 40 000. The MLD patients were highly concentrated to the south‐west part of Norrland. From the family analysis it was concluded that late infantile MLD is most probably transmitted by an autosomal recessive gene.
PLASMA CALCIUM FRACTIONS IN NORMAL SUBJECTS FROM BIRTH TO ADULT AGES
Authors: BERGMAN LARS , ISAKSSON BJÖRN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA simple and rapid method to determine ultra‐filtrable calcium in plasma is described in detail. Total calcium, ultrafiltrable calcium (Cauf), and protein‐bound calcium in plasma are reported for 202 normal children (range 0–16 years of age) divided into 12 age groups, as well as for 93 healthy male blood donors. There was a decrease in plasma calcium and ultrafiltrable calcium after 1–21 hours of life. The minimum value was reached at 24–48 hours of life. An increase was then seen during the first week of life. Later in childhood total calcium and Cauf decreased continuously and significantly with age, and with the most marked rate during the first two‐three years.The ultrafiltrable calcium fraction was found to be responsible for the changes in total plasma calcium. In 24–48 hours of life and 5–7 days of life protein‐bound calcium was significantly lower as well. There were no significant differences between males and females in childhood.
RENAL FUNCTION TESTS IN NONACUTE RECURRENT URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN
Authors: BERG U. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe clinical value of various renal function tests in recurrent urinary tract infections in children has been examined. The study also includes an evaluation of glomerular capacity versus tubular capacity in recurrent urinary tract infections. There was no good correlation between blood urea nitrogen concentration and serum creatinine concentration within the normal limits for these two parameters. When blood urea nitrogen concentration and/or serum creatinine concentration were elevated, a highly significant correlation between the two parameters was found. When relating blood urea nitrogen concentration to the clearance of inulin an elevation of blood urea nitrogen concentration was not found until the filtration rate was below 50 ml/min/1.73 m2 b.s. The tubular functions were examined by studies of (a) the concentrating capacity, (b) the diluting capacity, (c) sodium reabsorption and id) renal acid‐base regulation. The concentrating capacity was determined by two screening tests, maximal urine osmolality after 19 hours of fluid and food deprivation with or without injection of pitressin tannate, and by free water reabsorption. The administration of exogenous pitressin had no significant effect on maximal urine osmolality. There was a highly significant correlation between free water reabsorption and maximal urine osmolality. A highly significant correlation was also found between free water reabsorption and glomerular filtration rate. Diluting capacity was evaluated by determining minimum urine osmolality and free water clearance. A highly significant correlation between minimum urine osmolality and free water clearance was obtained. There was a good correlation between free water clearance and glomerular filtration rate. When sodium reabsorption is depressed below normal, urine sodium concentration during hydropenia is abnormally low. A normal standard bicarbonate level does not exclude a defect in renal acidifying mechanisms. A defect renal acidifying capacity could be found even in patients with normal filtration rates indicating that renal acidifying capacity might be the first sign of renal damage in children with recurrent urinary tract infections.
CONTROL OF SODIUM HOMEOSTASIS IN CHILDREN WITH RECURRENT URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AND REDUCED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATES
Authors: APERIA A. , BERG U. , BROBERGER O. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryBasal sodium excretion and rapid response to oral and intravenous sodium loads have been studied in children with recurrent urinary tract infections and a wide range of glomerular filtration rates. Basal sodium excretion related to body surface was remarkably stable in all children studied and thus independent of glomerular filtration rate. The rapid response to an oral or an intravenous sodium load was reduced in patients with low filtration rates. The urinary sodium excretion rate following oral sodium load was correlated to the glomerular filtration rate with high statistical significance. In patients with high filtration rates saline infusion resulted in a rather prompt inhibition of tubular sodium reabsorption with consequent increase in urinary sodium excretion. In patients with low filtration rates inhibition of tubular sodium reabsorption following intravenous saline load was much less pronounced. During the transition from hydropenia to water diuresis without extra sodium supply both the patients with low and with high filtration rates increased the absolute as well as the fractional sodium excretion concomitantly with an increase in the filtered load of sodium. The results are compatible with, but do not prove the existence of an additional natriuretic factor that keeps the basal sodium excretion constant in the diseased kidney.