bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is varus osteotomy necessary in one-stage treatment of developmental dislocation of the hip in older children?
Authors: Arslan Hüseyin , Kapukaya Ahmet , Ibrahim Bekler H. , Necmioğlu Serdar 
Published: September 2007

Purpose Innominate osteotomy, varisation–derotation osteotomy, and shortening osteotomy are the most common surgical procedures used to achieve pelvifemoral realignment in the treatment of children over three years of age with developmental hip dislocation. It is well known that varus osteotomy can improve the acetabular index but it does have some disadvantages. The aim of this study was to discuss the results obtained with patients treated only with Salter osteotomy, derotation osteotomy, and shortening, without varus osteotomy, and to evaluate the need for varisation on the basis of these results. Methods Between 1996 and 2001, twenty-four hips, sixteen unilateral and four bilateral, of a total of twenty patients treated with this method and available for final controls were evaluated. The study included sixteen female and four male patients with a mean age of 4 years 2 months (ranging between 2 years 10 months and 8 years). The mean follow-up period was determined as 6.57 years (range 5–10 years). McKay's clinical criteria, Sever's radiological criteria, and the evaluation system modified by Trevor et al. were used for evaluation of the results. Results Based on McKay's clinical criteria, eighteen hips (75%) were classified as type I, four hips (16%) as type II, and two hips (9%) as type III. According to Sever's radiological criteria, thirteen hips (54%) were graded as grade I, nine hips (37.5%) as grade II, and two (8.5%) as grade III. According to the modified evaluation system of Trevor et al. the results were categorized as excellent in thirteen hips, good in nine hips, and moderate in two hips. Pre-operative mean acetabular index was measured as 37.3° (28°–50°) and early post-operative mean acetabular index as 26° (18°–38°). In the final radiological examination the mean acetabular index was measured as 18.3° and the mean CE angle as 30.1° (15°–38°). Avascular necrosis affecting the results developed in five hips. Conclusion It is concluded that in older children with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) treated with one-stage combined surgical intervention, adequately stable concentric reduction can be achieved without varisation and that varus osteotomy is not always necessary.
The effects of ibuprofen and the neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist GR205171A on Fos expression in the ferret trigeminal nucleus following tooth pulp stimulation
Authors: Worsley Matthew A. , Clayton Nick M. , Bountra Chas , Boissonade Fiona M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe have developed a model to study central changes following inflammation of the tooth pulp in the ferret and have examined Fos expression in the trigeminal nucleus following stimulation of non‐inflamed and inflamed tooth pulps. The aim of this study was to establish the ability of this model to predict analgesic efficacy in clinical studies of inflammatory pain. We addressed this by assessing the effects of the neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist GR205171A and ibuprofen on Fos expression following stimulation of the inflamed pulp and comparing this with known analgesic efficacy. Adult ferrets were prepared under anaesthesia to allow tooth pulp stimulation, recording from the digastric muscle and intravenous injections at a subsequent experiment. In some animals pulpal inflammation was induced, by introducing human caries into a deep buccal cavity. After 5 days, animals were reanaesthetised, treated with vehicle, GR205171A or ibuprofen and the teeth were stimulated at ten times the threshold of the jaw‐opening reflex. Stimulation of all tooth pulps induced ipsilateral Fos in trigeminal subnuclei caudalis and oralis. GR205171A had no significant effect on Fos expression in the trigeminal nucleus of animals with either non‐inflamed or inflamed tooth pulps. Ibuprofen reduced Fos expression in the trigeminal nucleus and this effect was most marked in animals with pulpal inflammation. These results differ from those previously described using a range of other animal models, but agree with known clinical efficacy of neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonists and ibuprofen. Therefore this model is likely to be of use in accurately predicting the analgesic efficacy of novel compounds.
Usefulness of different techniques for measuring body composition changes during weight loss in overweight and obese women
Authors: Minderico Cláudia S. , Silva Analiza M. , Keller Kathleen , Branco Teresa L. , Martins Sandra S. , Palmeira António L. , Barata José T. , Carnero Elvis A. , Rocha Paulo M. , Teixeira Pedro J. , Sardinha Luís B. 
Published: September 2007

The objective was to compare measures from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry with a reference four-compartment model to estimate fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) changes in overweight and obese women after a weight-loss programme. Forty-eight women (age 39.8 ± 5.8 years; weight 79·2 ± 11·8 kg; BMI 30·7 ± 3·6 kg/m2) were studied in an out-patient weight-loss programme, before and after the 16-month intervention. Women attended weekly meetings for the first 4 months, followed by monthly meetings from 4 to 12 months. Body composition variables were measured by the following techniques: DXA, anthropometry (waist circumference-based model; Antrform), BIA using Tanita (TBF-310) and Omron (BF300) and a reference four-compartment model. Body weight decreased significantly ( − 3·3 (sd3·1) kg) across the intervention. At baseline and after the intervention, FM, percentage FM and FFM assessed by Antrform, Tanita, BF300 and DXA differed significantly from the reference method (P ≤ 0·001), with the exception of FFM assessed by Tanita (baselineP = 0·071 and afterP = 0·007). DXA significantly overestimated the change in FM and percentage FM across weight loss ( − 4·5v. − 3·3 kg;P < 0·001 and − 3·7v. − 2·0 %;P < 0·001, respectively), while Antrform underestimated FM and percentage FM ( − 2·8v. − 3·3 kg;P = 0·043 and − 1·1v. − 2·0 %;P = 0·013) compared with the four-compartment model. Tanita and BF300 did not differ (P>0·05) from the reference model in any body composition variables. We conclude that these methods are widely used in clinical settings, but should not be applied interchangeably to detect changes in body composition. Furthermore, the several clinical methods were not accurate enough for tracking body composition changes in overweight and obese premenopausal women after a weight-loss programme.
Consumption of fruit and berries is inversely associated with carotid atherosclerosis in elderly men
Authors: Ellingsen I. , Hjerkinn E. M. , Seljeflot I. , Arnesen H. , Tonstad S. 
Published: September 2007

Epidemiological data suggest that fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with a lowered risk of CVD. We assessed the association between the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery and dietary intake of vegetables, fruit and berries in elderly men with a high risk of CVD. Subjects (age 70 ± 5 years) were survivors from a cohort of 1232 men that participated in the Oslo Diet and Antismoking Study in 1972–3.Measurements of the carotid IMT by high resolution B-mode ultrasound, risk factor assessment and dietary data based on an FFQ were collected in 1997–9.Complete dietary and ultrasound data were available for 547 subjects. The carotid IMT in the highest quartile of dietary intake of fruit and berries was 0·89 (se 0·18) mm compared with 0·96 (se 0·25) mm in the lowest quartile, giving a mean difference of 0·075 (se 0·027) mm (P = 0·033). In multivariate regression analysis increased intake of fruit and berries remained inversely associated with IMT after adjustment for age, cigarette smoking, dietary cholesterol and saturated fat, consumption of milk, cream and ice cream and energy intake (multivariate regression coefficient 0·257; R2 0·066; se 0·209; P < 0·001). The difference of 348 g of fruit and berries per d between the lowest and highest quartile of intake was associated with a 5·5 % adjusted difference in mean IMT. These findings suggest that consumption of fruit and berries may be protective against carotid atherosclerosis in elderly men at high risk of CVD.
Molecular genetic basis of flower colour variegation inLinaria
Authors: GALEGO LISETE , ALMEIDA JORGE 
Published: September 2007

SummaryTo identify transposons that may be of use for mutagenesis we investigated the genetic molecular basis of a case of flower colour variegation inLinaria, a close relative of the model speciesAntirrhinum majus. We show that this variegation is attributable to an unstable mutant allele of the gene encoding dihydroflavonol-4-reductase, one of the enzymes required for anthocyanin biosynthesis. This allele carries an insertion of a transposon belonging to the CACTA family (Tl1, Transposon Linaria 1) which blocks its expression thus conferring an ivory flower colour phenotype. Tl1 is occasionally excised in dividing epidermal cells to produce clonal patches of red tissue on the ivory background, and in cells giving rise to gametes to generate reversion alleles conferring a fully coloured phenotype. This finding may open the way for targeted transposon-mutagenesis inLinaria, and hence for using this genus in comparative genetic studies.
Triadic IBD coefficients and applications to estimating pairwise relatedness
Authors: WANG JINLIANG 
Published: September 2007

SummaryKnowledge of the genetic relatedness among individuals is essential in diverse research areas such as behavioural ecology, conservation biology, quantitative genetics and forensics. How to estimate relatedness accurately from genetic marker information has been explored recently by many methodological studies. In this investigation I propose a new likelihood method that uses the genotypes of a triad of individuals in estimating pairwise relatedness (r). The idea is to use a third individual as a control (reference) in estimating therbetween two other individuals, thus reducing the chance of genes identical in state being mistakenly inferred as identical by descent. The new method allows for inbreeding and accounts for genotype errors in data. Analyses of both simulated and human microsatellite and SNP datasets show that the quality ofrestimates (measured by the root mean squared error, RMSE) is generally improved substantially by the new triadic likelihood method (TL) over the dyadic likelihood method and five moment estimators. Simulations also show that genotyping errors/mutations, when ignored, result in underestimates ofrfor related dyads, and that incorporating a model of typing errors in the TL method improvesrestimates for highly related dyads but impairs those for loosely related or unrelated dyads. The effects of inbreeding were also investigated through simulations. It is concluded that, because most dyads in a natural population are unrelated or only loosely related, the overall performance of the new triadic likelihood method is the best, offeringrestimates with a RMSE that is substantially smaller than the five commonly used moment estimators and the dyadic likelihood method.
An intervarietal genetic linkage map of Indian bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and QTL maps for some metric traits
Authors: NALINI E. , BHAGWAT S. G. , JAWALI N. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryBread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) exhibits very narrow genetic diversity and hence there is high relatedness among cultivated varieties. However, a population generated from an intervarietal cross, with the parents differing in a large number of traits, could lead to the generation of QTL maps which will be useful in practice. In this report a genetic linkage map of wheat is constructed using a cross between two Indian bread wheat varieties: Sonalika and Kalyansona. The linkage map consisted of 236 markers and spanned a distance of 3639 cM, with 1211·2 cM for the A genome, 1669·2 cM for the B genome, 192·4 cM for the D genome and 566·2 cM for unassigned groups. Linkage analysis defined 37 linkage groups of which 24 were assigned to 17 chromosomes. The genetic map was used to identify QTLs by composite internal mapping (CIM) for three metric traits, viz. culm length (CL), flag leaf length (FLL) and flag leaf breadth (FLB). Of 25 QTLs identified in this study, 15 have not been reported previously. Multitrait CIM (MCIM) analysis was carried out for traits that were significantly correlated such as FLB–FLL and CL–FLB–FLL. Detection of a large number of QTLs for the three traits analysed suggests that in parent cultivars that are not too diverse, the differences at genetic level detected as polymorphisms may be mostly associated with QTLs for the observed differences.
Estimation of leaf total chlorophyll and nitrogen concentrations using hyperspectral satellite imagery
Authors: RAMA RAO N. , GARG P. K. , GHOSH S. K. , DADHWAL V. K. 
Published: September 2007

SUMMARYRemotely sensed estimates of biochemical parameters of agricultural crops are central to the precision management of agricultural crops (precision farming). Past research using in situ and airborne spectral reflectance measurements of various vegetation species has proved the usefulness of hyperspectral data for the estimation of various biochemical parameters of vegetation. In order to exploit the vast spectral and radiometric resources offered by space-borne hyperspectral remote sensing for the improved estimation of plant biochemical parameters, the relationships observed between spectral reflectance and various biochemical parameters at in situ and airborne levels needed to be evaluated in order to establish the existence of a reliable and stable relationship between spectral reflectance and plant biochemical parameters at the pixel scale. The potential of the EO-1 Hyperion hyperspectral sensor was investigated for the estimation of total chlorophyll and nitrogen concentrations of cotton crops in India by developing regression models between hyperspectral reflectance and laboratory measurements of leaf total chlorophyll and nitrogen concentrations. A comprehensive and rigorous analysis was carried out to identify the spectral bands and spectral indices for accurate retrieval of leaf total chlorophyll and nitrogen concentrations of cotton crop. The performance of these critical spectral reflectance indices was validated using independent samples. A new vegetation index, named the plant biochemical index (PBI), is proposed for improved estimation of the plant biochemicals from space-borne hyperspectral data; it is simply the ratio of reflectance at 810 and 560 nm. Further, the applicability of PBI to a different crop and at a different geographical location was also assessed. The present results suggest the use of space-borne hyperspectral data for accurate retrieval of leaf total chlorophyll and nitrogen concentrations and the proposed PBI has the potential to retrieve leaf total chlorophyll and nitrogen concentrations of various crops and at different geographical locations.
Variety and total number of food items recorded by a true longitudinal group of urban black South African children at five interceptions between 1995 and 2003: the Birth-to-Twenty (Bt20) Study
Authors: Pedro Titilola M , MacKeown Jenny M , Norris Shane A 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo report on the variety and total number of food items recorded by a true longitudinal group of urban black South African children (n= 143) from the Birth-to-Twenty Study at five interceptions at the ages of 5 (1995), 7 (1997), 9 (1999), 10 (2000) and 13 (2003) years, respectively.MethodsDietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Frequencies were calculated per week, for each interception and for all five interceptions combined, using SAS.ResultsFive hundred and forty-six different individual food items were recorded 23 480 times for all five interceptions combined. The highest of 124 items was recorded in 1999 contributing 23% of the 546 items recorded. Each of the top 10 items (rice, stiff maize-meal porridge, chicken, sugar, sweets, tea, eggs, full-cream milk, carbonated beverages and oil) contributed between 2.5% and 3% and these items were recorded almost 600 times or more for all interceptions combined (n= 23 840). Rice and stiff maize-meal porridge were the top items recorded 684 and 676 times, both contributing 2.87% and 2.84%, respectively. The variety of food items and the ratio of the food groups to the total number of foods recorded in the present study were not significantly different but the denominators decreased over the five interceptions.ConclusionThe variety of food items recorded did not vary between 1995 and 2003 – the fact that new items were not added to the questionnaire as the children grew older could have contributed to this phenomenon. However, there was a difference in the ranking of these items that may suggest a change in eating patterns.
Optimization of a Microarray Sandwich‐ELISA against hINF‐γ on a Modified Nitrocellulose Membrane
Authors: Reck Michael , Stahl Frank , Walter Johanna Gabriela , Hollas Markus , Melzner Dieter , Scheper Thomas 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe highly specific and highly sensitive ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) technique is the most commonly used method for immunological diagnostics in general. In combination with protein microarrays and their ability to allow performing thousands of experiments in parallel, a promising tool for global analytical approaches with reduced consumption of time, analytes, and reagents is given. In this study a protein microarray‐based sandwich‐ELISA for human interferon‐γ (hINF‐γ) is established. In consideration of the immense importance of the surface chemistry, a new black nitrocellulose matrix that generates very high signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNR) and a very low autofluorescence was tested and optimized as microarray substrate. A validation of the applicability of the system was performed with a comparison to different commercially available systems. Experimental results show that the microarray‐based ELISA is faster and easier to perform and shows a lower limit of detection (LOD) than a comparable system in a 96‐well plate. The spotted slides with the capture antibody can be stored up to 1 month with no significant loss of signal intensity. A second model system with immobilized His‐tagged restriction enzyme EcoRV and an anti‐His antibody shows in coincidence the good applicability of the black nitrocellulose membrane and no cross‐reactivity toward the ELISA.
meta-PPISP: a meta web server for protein-protein interaction site prediction
Authors: Qin Sanbo , Zhou Huan-Xiang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSummary: A number of complementary methods have been developed for predicting protein-protein interaction sites. We sought to increase prediction robustness and accuracy by combining results from different predictors, and report here a meta web server, meta-PPISP, that is built on three individual web servers: cons-PPISP (http://pipe.scs.fsu.edu/ppisp.html), Promate (http://bioportal.weizmann.ac.il/promate), and PINUP (http://sparks.informatics.iupui.edu/PINUP/). A linear regression method, using the raw scores of the three servers as input, was trained on a set of 35 nonhomologous proteins. Cross validation showed that meta-PPISP outperforms all the three individual servers. At coverages identical to those of the individual methods, the accuracy of meta-PPISP is higher by 4.8 to 18.2 percentage points. Similar improvements in accuracy are also seen on CAPRI and other targets.Availability: meta-PPISP can be accessed at http://pipe.scs.fsu.edu/meta-ppisp.htmlContact: zhou@sb.fsu.eduSupplementary information: Data sets, linear regression coefficients, and details of prediction results are shown at the site of the meta-PPISP server.
HaploPool: improving haplotype frequency estimation through DNA pools and phylogenetic modeling
Authors: Kirkpatrick Bonnie , Armendariz Carlos Santos , Karp Richard M. , Halperin Eran 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMotivation: The search for genetic variants that are linked to complex diseases such as cancer, Parkinson's;, or Alzheimer's; disease, may lead to better treatments. Since haplotypes can serve as proxies for hidden variants, one method of finding the linked variants is to look for case-control associations between the haplotypes and disease. Finding these associations requires a high-quality estimation of the haplotype frequencies in the population. To this end, we present, HaploPool, a method of estimating haplotype frequencies from blocks of consecutive SNPs.Results: HaploPool leverages the efficiency of DNA pools and estimates the population haplotype frequencies from pools of disjoint sets, each containing two or three unrelated individuals. We study the trade-off between pooling efficiency and accuracy of haplotype frequency estimates. For a fixed genotyping budget, HaploPool performs favorably on pools of two individuals as compared with a state-of-the-art non-pooled phasing method, PHASE. Of independent interest, HaploPool can be used to phase non-pooled genotype data with an accuracy approaching that of PHASE.We compared our algorithm to three programs that estimate haplotype frequencies from pooled data. HaploPool is an order of magnitude more efficient (at least six times faster), and considerably more accurate than previous methods. In contrast to previous methods, HaploPool performs well with missing data, genotyping errors and long haplotype blocks (of between 5 and 25 SNPs).Availability: The HaploPool software is available at: http://haplopool.icsi.berkeley.edu/haplopool/Contact: bbkirk@eecs.berkeley.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CellMontage: similar expression profile search server
Authors: Fujibuchi Wataru , Kiseleva Larisa , Taniguchi Takeaki , Harada Hajime , Horton Paul 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSummary: The establishment and rapid expansion of microarray databases has created a need for new search tools. Here we present CellMontage, the first server for expression profile similarity search over a large database—69 000 microarray experiments derived from NCBI's; GEO site. CellMontage provides a novel, content-based search engine for accessing gene expression data. Microarray experiments with similar overall expression to a user-provided expression profile (e.g. microarray experiment) are computed and displayed—usually within 20 s. The core search engine software is downloadable from the site.Availability: http://cellmontage.cbrc.jp/Contact: horton-p@aist.go.jpSupplementary information: http://cellmontage.cbrc.jp/supplementary/
TandTRAQ: an open-source tool for integrated protein identification and quantitation
Authors: Laderas Ted , Bystrom Cory , McMillen Debra , Fan Guang , McWeeney Shannon 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSummary: Integrating qualitative protein identification with quantitative protein analysis is non-trivial, given incompatibility in output formats. We present TandTRAQ, a standalone utility that integrates results from i-Tracker, an open-source iTRAQ quantitation program with the search results from X?Tandem, an open-source proteome search engine. The utility runs from the command-line and can be easily integrated into a pipeline for automation.Availability: The TandTRAQ Perl scripts are freely available for download at http://www.ohsucancer.com/isrdev/tandtraq/Contact: laderast@ohsu.edu