bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost effectiveness analysis for commonly used human cell and tissue products in the management of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Nherera Leo M. , Banerjee Jaideep 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThis study considers the cost‐effectiveness of commonly used cellular, acellular, and matrix‑like products (CAMPs) of human origin also known as human cell and tissue products (HCT/Ps) in the management of diabetic foot ulcers.MethodsWe developed a 1‐year economic model assessing six CAMPs [cryopreserved placental membrane with viable cells (vCPM), bioengineered bilayered living cellular construct (BLCC), human fibroblast dermal substitute (hFDS), dehydrated human amnion chorion membrane (dHACM), hypothermically stored amniotic membrane (HSAM) and human amnion membrane allograft (HAMA) which had randomized controlled trial evidence compared with standard of care (SoC). CAMPs were compared indirectly and ranked in order of cost‐effectiveness using SoC as the baseline, from a CMS/Medicare's perspective.ResultsThe mean cost, healed wounds (hw) and QALYs per patient for vCPM is $10,907 (0.914 hw, 0.783 QALYs), for HAMA $11,470 (0.903 hw, 0.780 QALYs), for dHACM $15,862 (0.828 hw, 0.764 QALYs), for BLCC $18,430 (0.816 hw, 0.763 QALYs), for hFDS $19,498 (0.775 hw, 0.757 QALYs), for SoC $19,862 (0.601 hw, 0.732 QALYs) and $24, 214 (0.829, 0.763 QALYs) for HSAM respectively. Over 1 year, vCPM results in cheaper costs overall and better clinical outcomes compared to other CAMPs. Following probabilistic sensitivity analysis, vCPM has a 60%, HAMA 40% probability of being cost‐effective then dHACM, hFDS, BLCC, and lastly HSAM using a $100,000/healed wound or QALY threshold.ConclusionsAll CAMPs were shown to be cost‐effective when compared to SoC in managing DFUs. However, vCPM appears to be the most cost‐effective CAMP over the modelled 52 weeks followed by HAMA, dHACM, hFDS, BLCC, and HSAM. We urge caution in interpreting the results because we currently lack head‐to‐head evidence comparing all these CAMPs and therefore suggest that this analysis be updated when more direct evidence of CAMPs becomes available.
Improvement of Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) wetland module for modelling of ephemeral pond hydrology
Authors: Bizhanimanzar Mohammad , Larocque Marie , Roux Marjolaine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEphemeral ponds (EPs) are seasonally flooded isolated wetlands that provide a variety of hydroecological benefits, including the provision of breeding habitat for several amphibian and invertebrate species. However, the lack of their explicit representation in hydrological models limits a comprehensive understanding of their interaction with surrounding landscapes and their vulnerability in the context of human interventions and climate change. The purpose of this research was to improve the isolated wetland module of the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to better represent EP hydrology. The changes include (1) representation of groundwater and hypodermic flow as the only inflows from the pond drainage surface, due to the intermittent and negligible presence of inflow from surface runoff in forested ponds, (2) revision of how evapotranspiration within EPs is represented and (3) implementation of distinct volume‐area‐depth relationships for ponds based on their geometrical shape. The accuracy of these improvements was assessed against that of a previous isolated wetland formulation in replicating water depth observations of 10 EPs of a portion of the Kenauk forest (68 km2) in the Canadian Shield of the Outaouais region (Québec, Canada). The comparison results show that the revised SWAT model presented here significantly improves the distinct filling and drying water cycle of EPs (average root mean square error of 0.1 m of the revised model vs. 0.23 m for the original model). Besides, the new module allowed to identify that hypodermic flow, evapotranspiration and seepage to the underlying soil are the main EP source and sinks. The new module also allowed to explicitly quantify the differences in filling/drying pattern of the EPs of the Kenauk forest and unlike the original model structure, the new module was able to closely replicate the interannual variation of spring and annual hydroperiod duration.
CAB‐Net: Convolutional attention BLSTM network for enhanced leukocyte classification
Authors: Zonyfar Candra , Kim Jeong‐Dong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, deep learning techniques have been increasingly utilized to automate and reduce human errors in leukocyte classification. However, reliability and accuracy issues remain a challenge. This paper proposes CAB‐Net, an end‐to‐end deep learning‐based model that integrates a convolutional neural network with an attention mechanism and BLSTM. The model uses a stack of convolutional and pooling layers to extract initial features from input images, which are then fed into the attention block to generate class‐specific discriminative features and BLSTM employed to model deterministic class correlations between highlighted discriminative features and labels. Experimental results show that CAB‐Net outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods in term of accuracy, precision, recall, F1‐Score, and AUC‐ROC. In addition, the CAB‐Net model demonstrates good performance even with low‐resolution images. Consequently, CAB‐Net can be considered as the current state‐of‐the‐art prediction model for improving leukocyte classification in clinical environments.
Multi‐objective prairie dog optimization algorithm for IoT‐based intrusion detection
Authors: Sharma Shubhkirti , Kumar Vijay , Dutta Kamlesh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDetecting unauthorized access, unusual activities, and data is significant for the security of IoT networks as it helps identify malfunctioning, faults, and intrusions. Intrusion detection methods analyze network information to identify potential misuse or intrusion attacks. This research proposes a multi‐objective prairie dog optimization algorithm (MPDA) to improve its ability to deal with feature selection problems. The proposed algorithm is modified by incorporating the concepts of an archive, grid, and non‐dominance. An archive and a grid are used to save intermediate best results and improve the diversity, respectively. The non‐dominance concept is employed to deal with multiple objectives. On the NSL‐KDD, CIC‐IDS2017, and IoTID20 datasets, MPDA achieves fewer features, higher accuracy, and lower false alarm rates. MPDA outperforms simple classifiers and state‐of‐art multiobjective optimization algorithms in intrusion detection.
First‐in‐Human Phase 1 Study Evaluating the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of DISC‐0974, an Anti‐Hemojuvelin Antibody, in Healthy Participants
Authors: Novikov Natasha , Buch Akshay , Yang Hua , Andruk Michelle , Liu Guowen , Wu Min , Howell Haley , MacDonald Brian , Savage Will 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPathologic elevations in hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, contribute to anemia of inflammation in chronic disease. DISC‐0974 is a monoclonal antibody that binds to hemojuvelin and blocks bone morphogenetic protein signaling, thereby suppressing hepcidin production. Reduction of systemic hepcidin levels is predicted to increase iron absorption and mobilize stored iron into circulation, where it may be utilized by red blood cell (RBC) precursors in the bone marrow to improve hemoglobin levels and to potentially alleviate anemia of inflammation. We conducted a first‐in‐human, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐ascending dose study to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of DISC‐0974 in healthy participants. Overall, 42 participants were enrolled and received a single dose of placebo or DISC‐0974 at escalating dose levels (7‐56 mg), administered intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SC). DISC‐0974 was well tolerated, with a safety profile comparable to that of placebo. Pharmacokinetic data was dose and route related, with a terminal half‐life of approximately 7 days. The bioavailability of SC dosing was ∼50%. Pharmacodynamic data showed dose‐dependent decreases in serum hepcidin, with reductions of nearly 75% relative to baseline at the highest dose level tested, and corresponding increases in serum iron in response to DISC‐0974 administration. Dose‐dependent changes in serum ferritin and hematology parameters were also observed, indicating mobilization of iron stores and downstream effects of enhanced hemoglobinization and production of RBCs. Altogether, these data are consistent with the mechanism of action of DISC‐0974 and support the selection of a biologically active dose range for evaluation in clinical trials for individuals with anemia of inflammation.
Disparities in pediatric hospital use during transition to adult healthcare for young adults with childhood‐onset chronic conditions
Authors: Jenkins Ashley M. , Lanzkron Sophie , Auger Katherine A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundYoung adults (YA) with childhood‐onset chronic conditions—particularly YA with cystic fibrosis (CF), congenital heart disease (CHD), and sickle cell disease (SCD)—continue to have pediatric hospital admissions. Factors associated with this continued pediatric hospital use remain underexplored.ObjectiveTo determine if pediatric hospital use by YA differed (1) across condition and (2) within each condition by sociodemographic factors.MethodsConducted a cross‐sectional analysis of admissions for YA 22–35 years with CF, CHD, and SCD from 2016 to 2020 in the National Inpatient Sample. Admissions for YA with CF, CHD, and SCD were identified by international classification of diseases, 10th revision‐clinical modification diagnosis codes. To determine if conditions or sociodemographic factors were associated with YA pediatric hospital use, we used multivariable logistic regression with separate models for the different objectives.ResultsYA with SCD had lower odds of pediatric hospital use compared to YA with CF. Relationships between sociodemographic factors and pediatric hospital use varied. Black YA with both CF and CHD had lower odds of pediatric hospital use than white YA with CF and CHD. For YA with SCD, despite 17,810 (6.5%) having rural residence, zero (0) had pediatric hospital use; whereas YA with CF living in a rural area had greater odds of pediatric hospital use compared to urban residents.ConclusionYA with SCD used pediatric hospitals less than YA with either CF or CHD. Coupled with our findings that Black YA with CF and CHD had less pediatric hospital use, these data may reflect systematic racial differences within pediatric to adult healthcare transition programs.
Significance of lung nodules detected on chest CT among adult Aboriginal Australians – a retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Ng Lai Yun , Howarth Timothy P. , Doss Arockia X. , Charakidis Michail , Karanth Narayan V. , Mo Lin , Heraganahally Subash S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere are limited data on chest computed tomography (CT) findings in the assessment of lung nodules among adult Aboriginal Australians. In this retrospective study, we assessed lung nodules among a group of adult Aboriginal Australians in the Northern Territory of Australia.MethodsPatients who underwent at least two chest CT scans between 2012 and 2020 among those referred to undergo lung function testing (spirometry) were included. Chest CT scans were assessed for the number, location, size and morphological characteristics of lung nodules.ResultsOf the 402 chest CTs assessed, 75 patients (18.7%) had lung nodules, and 57 patients were included in the final analysis with at least two CT scans available for assessment over a median follow‐up of 87 weeks. Most patients (68%) were women, with a median age of 58 years and smoking history in 83%. The majority recorded only a single nodule 43 (74%). Six patients (10%) were diagnosed with malignancy, five with primary lung cancer and one with metastatic thyroid cancer. Of the 51 (90%) patients assessed to be benign, 64 nodules were identified, of which 25 (39%) resolved, 38 (59%) remained stable and one (1.8%) enlarged on follow‐up. Nodules among patients with malignancy were typically initially larger and enlarged over time, had spiculated margins and were solid, showing no specific lobar predilection.ConclusionsMost lung nodules in Aboriginal Australians are likely to be benign. However, a proportion could be malignant. Further prospective studies are required for prognostication and monitoring of lung nodules in this population.
Cerumen impaction: Prevalence and associated factors in the United States population
Authors: Tolan McKenzie M. , Choi Janet S. , Tibesar Maria T. , Adams Meredith E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of cerumen impaction in a nationally representative sample of the US population and the association of cerumen impaction with sociodemographic factors, hearing loss, and tinnitus.MethodsThe cohort included 14,230 individuals aged ≥12 years who completed otoscopy and audiometry in NHANES (2005–2016). Cerumen impaction (partial/complete) was determined by otoscopy. Hearing level was defined by speech‐frequency pure‐tone average (PTA). Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with cerumen impaction.ResultsThe prevalence of any cerumen impaction was 18.6% [95% CI: 17.3%–19.9%] among individuals ≥12 years and 32.4% [29.9%–35.1%] among those ≥70 years. The prevalence of bilateral partial and complete cerumen impaction was 6.3% [5.6%–7.1%] and 1.2% [1.0%–1.9%], respectively. Any cerumen impaction was associated with male sex (OR 1.77 [1.5–2.1]), identifying as Black race (vs. Caucasian, OR: 1.78 [1.5–2.9]), lower level of education (OR: 0.84 [0.71–0.98]), and older age (OR: 1.02 [1.01–1.03]). After adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors, complete impaction was associated with increased PTA (right ear: β = 4.1 dB [2.4–5.8 dB], left ear: β = 1.9 dB [0.46–3.4 dB]), but not with tinnitus.ConclusionsCerumen impaction is highly prevalent in the US population, especially among older adults, and has disproportionate sociodemographic impacts. Complete impaction is associated with a small, statistically significant elevation in PTA, but there is no association with tinnitus. These findings emphasize the need to implement and disseminate best practices for ear hygiene and cerumen management broadly and equitably.Level of Evidence2B
Six‐week postoperative opioid use and pain following a randomized controlled trial evaluating multimodal analgesia for head and neck free flap patients
Authors: Wagoner Sarah F. , Lawrence Amelia S. , Alapati Rahul , Renslo Bryan , Hamill Chelsea S. , Bon Nieves Antonio , Baumanis Maraya , Bur Andrés M. , Kakarala Kiran , Sykes Kevin J. , Shnayder Yelizaveta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionHead and neck malignancy treatment often involves invasive surgeries, necessitating effective postoperative pain control. However, chronic reliance on opioid medications remains a challenge for many patients after surgery. Multimodal analgesia (MMA) within enhanced recovery after surgery protocols has shown success in limiting narcotic pain medications for other cancer types. In a prior study, MMA comprising acetaminophen, ketorolac, gabapentin, and a neurogenic block reduced opioid use in the 7‐day postoperative period for major head and neck reconstructive surgery. This study investigates the impact of multimodal analgesia on opioid prescription and pain during the 6‐week postoperative period for patients undergoing major head and neck oncologic surgeries, aiming to understand the longer‐term effects of narcotic use.MethodsThe study retrospectively examined participants in a [hybrid type 1 effectiveness‐implementation pragmatic trial to assess multimodal analgesia's long‐term effectiveness in head and neck free flap surgery. Arm A received scheduled acetaminophen and as‐needed opioids, while Arm B received scheduled gabapentin, ketorolac, a regional nerve block at the donor site, scheduled acetaminophen, and as‐needed opioids. Retrospective data collection included opioid prescription use and pain scores up to 6 weeks after surgery, gathered from the Kansas prescription drug monitoring program, K‐TRACS.ResultsThirty patients participated, 14 in Arm A and 16 in Arm B. The average morphine milligram equivalents per day of filled prescriptions were not significantly different between Arm A and Arm B (7.23 vs. 7.88, p = .845). Additionally, average pain scores at 6 weeks showed no significant difference between the two groups (1.4 vs. 1.9, p = .612).ConclusionPatients with head and neck cancer treated with multimodal analgesia during the perioperative period did not exhibit significant differences in opioid use and pain within 6 weeks after discharge. To confirm these findings, a re‐examination with strict measures of opioid use and scheduled pain assessments in a prospective manner is warranted.Level of Evidence4.
Effect of acid catalysts on amorphous graphene oxide aerogel production
Authors: Kariper S. E. B. , Kariper I. A. , Mercan S. , Özden P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe acids utilized in the production of graphene oxide aerogel underwent testing, revealing variations from the ones documented in the literature. The powder samples were produced by drying under ambient conditions. They were characterized, and the effect of the graphene oxide aerogels produced using these different acids on sound insulation was investigated. All reaction steps were the same in the study, except that different acids were added in the same molar amounts. Measurements were performed at 200 Hz–6000 Hz frequencies for sound absorption. Samples for sound absorption were prepared in 0.1 mm thickness. According to the results, the aerogel produced with acetic acid provided the best sound insulation at approximately 2000 Hz. We also attempted to explain how these acids affect sound insulation.
Optimization of wire electrical discharge machining parameters of AA6063/Al2O3 nanocomposite processed by multi axial forging using Taguchi technique
Authors: Arya V. , Padap A. K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aluminium based matrix composites have excellent mechanical properties to use in automobile, aerospace, aviation, and military industries. The aluminium based matrix composite possesses desired characteristics like specific strength, excellent rigidity and wear resistance. The stir casting technique was used to fabricate the nanocomposite of AA6063 alloy reinforced with 5 weight % nano aluminium oxide particulate. To improve the microhardness of as cast and aluminium based nanocomposites, multiaxial forging was performed up to three passes for grain refinement. Wire electrical discharge machining was used to machine both as cast and “AA6063/Al2O3” (zero and three multi axial forging pass). The machining characteristics of samples were statistically examined using the Taguchi technique. The material removal rate in three multiaxial forging pass nanocomposite sample increased as peak current increases. However, increasing the pulse off time resulted in the lowest material removal rate. The surface roughness was found to be higher in the nanocomposite sample in comparison to as cast. The machining on nanocomposite multiaxial forged sample has a greater impact as compared to as cast. After machining, scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the surface morphology. The presence of different elements in the castings was validated using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy.
Loss of PTPRS elicits potent metastatic capability and resistance to temozolomide in glioblastoma
Authors: Zhang Yihua , Chang Liugang , Huang Ping , Cao Min , Hong Rujun , Zhao Xinhu , He Xuzhi , Xu Lunshan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor type with worse clinical outcome due to the hallmarks of strong invasiveness, high rate of recurrence, and therapeutic resistance to temozolomide (TMZ), the first‐line drug for GBM, representing a major challenge for successful GBM therapeutics. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that drive GBM progression will shed novel insight into therapeutic strategies. Receptor‐type tyrosine‐protein phosphatase S (PTPRS) is a frequently mutated gene in human cancers, including GBM. Its role in GBM has not yet been clarified. Here, inactivating PTPRS mutation or deficiency was frequently found in GBM, and deficiency in PTPRS significantly induced defects in the G2M checkpoint and limited GBM cells proliferation, leading to potent resistance to TMZ treatment in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, loss of PTPRS triggered an unexpected mesenchymal phenotype that markedly enhances the migratory capabilities of GBM cells through upregulating numerous matrix metalloproteinases via MAPK‐MEK‐ERK signaling. Therefore, this work provides a therapeutic window for precisely excluding PTPRS‐mutated patients who do not respond to TMZ.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing on adaptive equipment in children and adults with Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Cilenti Nicolette A. , Tamaroff Jaclyn G. , Capiola Christopher J. , Faig Walter , McBride Michael G. , Paridon Stephen M. , O'Malley Shannon , Edelson Jonathan B. , Lynch David R. , McCormack Shana E. , Lin Kimberly Y. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsTraditional exercise is often difficult for individuals with Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), and evidence is limited regarding how to measure exercise performance in this population. We evaluated the feasibility, reliability, and natural history of adaptive cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performance in children and adults with FRDA.MethodsParticipants underwent CPET on either an arm cycle ergometer (ACE) or recumbent leg cycle ergometer (RLCE) at up to four visits (baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 1 year). Maximum work, oxygen consumption (peak VO2), oxygen (O2) pulse, and anaerobic threshold (AT) were measured in those who reached maximal volition. Test–retest reliability was assessed with intraclass coefficients, and longitudinal change was assessed using regression analysis.ResultsIn our cohort (N = 23), median age was 18 years (interquartile range [IQR], 14–23), median age of FRDA onset was 8 years (IQR 6–13), median Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale score was 58 (IQR 54–62), and GAA repeat length on the shorter FXN allele (GAA1) was 766 (IQR, 650–900). Twenty‐one (91%) completed a maximal CPET (n = 8, ACE and n = 13, RLCE). Age, sex, and GAA1 repeat length were each associated with peak VO2. Preliminary estimates demonstrated reasonable agreement between visits 2 and 3 for peak work by both ACE and RLCE, and for peak VO2, O2 pulse, and AT by RLCE. We did not detect significant performance changes over 1 year.DiscussionAdaptive CPET is feasible in FRDA, a relevant clinical trial outcome for interventions that impact exercise performance and will increase access to participation as well as generalizability of findings.