bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a process for releasing non‐real property under order doe 5400.5
Authors: Warren Stephen W. , Ranek Nancy L. , Hensley James 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt is the policy of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to improve environmental quality and conserve natural and economic resources by, among other things, increasing the reuse and recycle of recoverable materials in order to minimize land disposal of wastes. Consistent with this policy, DOE's Office of Environmental Management believes it is important to pursue strategies for reusing and recycling the large and growing DOE inventory of recoverable non‐real property. However, responsible pursuit of such strategies requires careful prior consideration of the available alternatives, given the radiological character of much of the non‐real property to be released. Requirements applicable to considerations of this type are established by Order DOE 5400.5, Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment. This article describes the development and content of a step‐by‐step process designed to provide confidence that radiological doses to the public from recycle or reuse of released non‐real property containing residual radioactive material meet applicable regulatory standards, are as low as reasonably achievable, and meet the requirements in Order DOE 5400.5 for release of such material. The full process, described in the Draft Handbook for Controlling Release for Reuse or Recycle of Non‐Real Property Containing Residual Radioactive Material (for interim use and comment), DOE‐HDBK‐xxxx‐97 (June 1997), is available for viewing and downloading at http://www.em.doe.gov/recyc.
Tooele: First CONUS chemical demilitarization facility gears up to meet operational requirements
Authors: Parker William H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmid growing concerns about weapons of mass destruction and the crisis with Iraq, the safe destruction of the U.S. chemical weapons stockpile in accordance with the Chemical Weapons Conventions is a high national priority program. Environmental requirements loom large in the successful accomplishment of this critical task. This article discusses the environmental regulatory challenges that the Army and its contractor, EG&G, had to overcome to construct and begin operations at the Tooele Chemical Demilitarization Facility (TOCDF). The first challenge was to secure the necessary Clean Air Act (CAA) and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) permits issued by the Utah Department of Solid and Hazardous Waste (DSHW). Another challenge was the DSHW requirement that all Class I Engineering Change Proposals (ECPs) were considered as permit changes requiring state approval. To date, this requirement resulted in 198 Class I permit modifications and the processing of more than 2,000 ECPs. Another challenge was the level of continuous regulatory and public oversight. Since TOCDF began operations, it has been subject to 42 inspections or reviews by various agencies with outside agency inspection teams on site during the first 23 weeks of 1997. The success of the Army and EG&G in reconciling environmental and treaty requirements at Tooele underscores the need for strong partnerships with state regulators and vigorous outreach efforts involving all relevant stakeholders at other chemical demilitarization facilities.
Institutional controls for future land use at active installation restoration program (IRP) sites
Authors: Hourcle Laurent R. , Guenther Norman H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne of the strategies now in vogue in hazardous waste cleanup is basing remedial strategies on future land use. The initial thrust of CERCLA for permanent and complete remedies has given way, pushed by concepts like “brownfields” and base closure and reuse, to strategies often based on “institutional controls” that attempt to stabilize future land uses at a site based on residual risk. The heart of this concept is that instead of removing all wastes from a site, some wastes can safely remain so long as in the future the site is not used in such a way that the residual contamination poses an unacceptable risk to human health and the environment. “Institutional controls” is a term for land use management strategies that do not rely on engineering approaches to reduce risk, but rather seek to ensure that the site is not used in an inappropriate way in the future.This article cautions that such a strategy has inherent residual risks that must be understood by those involved in implementing hazardous waste cleanups and those responsible for future uses of contaminated property. Simply put, institutional controls are only as good as the processes that are in place to ensure they are respected in the future. This presents particular problems for active duty installations because most of the protections commonly available to private sector sites are not useful at active installations. This article discusses an initiative by the Air Combat Command to develop a handbook on instituting and maintaining land restrictions. It will also discuss that effort in light of the April 21 EPA Region IV guidance on assuring Land Use Controls at Federal Facilities. This article is based on a paper and presentations given at the 1998 ACC Environmental Training Symposium.
Integration of risk assessments and removal actions to expedite the cercla remedial response process at a dod brac facility
Authors: Stone Paul R. , Hoke Bryan , Marcussen Claire , Shor Ann 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an era of reduced budgets and public demand for greater efficiency in government environmental response actions, reduction of overhead expenses is of prime importance. For large U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) facilities undergoing Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC), such as the Southeastern (SE) Area at Letterkenny Army Depot (LEAD) National Priorities List (NPL) site, costs to comply or demonstrate compliance with the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) regulations can be enormous, because LEAD is an installation with a diverse array of mission activities, each associated with unique environmental issues. Because such costs can greatly impact resources available for current and future mission activities, LEAD is working with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and their contractors to develop a focused and strategic plan to effectively comply with CERCLA regulations, while maintaining current and projected operations. To illustrate how the CERCLA process was accelerated, a case study on SE Operable Unit 4, the LEAD SE Offpost Stormwater Sewers and Drainageway Sediments, is presented.
Community involvement in the defense department installation restoration program
Authors: Bregman J. I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs its major form of community involvement in its Installation Restoration Program (IRP), the Department of Defense (DOD) created Restoration Advisory Boards (RABs). These RABs serve the purpose of providing citizen input into DOD's cleanup approaches to abandoned hazardous waste situations at its various installations. At first, this approach applied only to installations slated for closure, but now it has been applied to all installations. This article covers such factors as the history of RABs, their mission and locations and the good and not‐so‐good results of their use. Recommendations are presented for possible improvements.
On‐line distance learning for the federal community
Authors: Winter David G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs federal government agencies shift funding away from non‐core operations and activities, new approaches will be needed to accomplish those important, but underfunded, non‐core functions. One of those important functions is environmental training, certification, and record keeping. A new company called AdvanceONLINETM has developed an on‐line distance learning approach to environmental training that transfers many of the features relied on in the classroom to a virtual world. AdvanceONLINE's approach is gaining recognition and increased use within several agencies and commands, each with a different need for continuing education and training of its personnel. This article will review the key elements of distance learning, examine the AdvanceONLINE system, and consider applications within the federal community.
Estimating chemical releases from the Oklahoma city air logistics center industrial wastewater treatment facility
Authors: Hall Freddie E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center is utilizing computer models to estimate emissions from the industrial wastewater treatment facility. As environmental monitoring and reporting requirements become more stringent, engineers will need to employ more sophisticated computer models capable of providing better predictions of chemical releases from industrial wastewater treatment processes. The air emission (WATER8) and air dispersion (ISC‐ST3) models are examples of two models that are being effectively employed in conjunction to improve the predictive capability of engineers, improve the reliability of releases to the environment, and improve the quantification of ambient air chemical concentrations surrounding industrial wastewater treatment processes.
An ecoregional context for natural resources management: A case study at nellis air force range, Nevada
Authors: Ripley J. Douglas , Moore James E. , Humke John W. , Leslie Michele 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article describes recent developments undertaken by the Air Force, working in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy, to implement ecosystem management at the three million acre Nellis Air Force Range, Nevada (NAFR). The principal focus of those efforts included holding a dialogue facilitated by the Keystone Center which examined long‐range natural resources management strategies for NAFR, the development and presentation of a biodiversity conservation course for military land managers, and the formation of an ecosystem assessment process to establish a scientific foundation for cooperative stewardship within the northeastern portion of the Mojave Desert Ecoregion.
Effective NEPA implementation: The facilitated approach
Authors: Lee Judith Landry , Russell Stephen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) allows applicants, states, and contractors to prepare environmental assessments (EAs) and environmental impact statements (EISs). However, under all circumstances, the federal official is held fully accountable for the scope, objectivity, content, and accuracy of the NEPA analyses and documents prepared for the agency by others. The commonly used paradigm for contracting requires contractors to conduct the analyses and prepare the documents, with federal involvement primarily limited to review and comment of partially completed deliverables. This approach results in contractors fulfilling inherently governmental responsibilities and often causing conflict, frustration, higher costs, longer execution time, and alternatives which may not meet mission objectives.
Sustaining the mission through range environmental planning
Authors: Borthwick Jesse O. , Beshore Eric A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMaintaining access to the Department of Defense's (DOD) airspace, land, and water ranges for military test and training is critical to national defense. Yet very few ranges have comprehensive planning programs in place to proactively address current and future mission needs. As a result the Air Force leadership announced “Environmental, Safety and Occupational Health Initiatives” in 1995 that called for the development of comprehensive airspace and range plans to address both operational and environmental issues in order to maintain access to ranges and sustain readiness. Largely in response to these initiatives, the Air Force Development Test Center (AFDTC) at Eglin Air Force Base established a Range Environmental Planning Office in July 1995. This paper will introduce the range challenge, report on an innovative range planning partnership that has evolved over the last three years at Eglin, and address the importance of range planning to mission sustainability.
Address to the third annual joint service pollution prevention conference and exhibition
Authors: Vest Gary D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpeaking to the Third Annual Joint Service Pollution Prevention Conference at San Antonio, Texas, in August 1998, Mr. Vest defined the role of Department of Defense Environmental Security activities. First and foremost, he stressed that environmental security programs existed to serve the defense mission in three ways—(1) by protecting key military assets, (2) guaranteeing continued access to the land and air space to support realistic training, and (3) by adding value in facilitating sustainable military activities into the 21st Century. Mr. Vest then went on to discuss three key thrusts in Environmental Security programs—improved integration of environmental considerations within military activities, broadening domestic partnerships, and expanded international cooperation. He closed by setting forth the guiding principles of DOD Environmental Security programs and policies: “Do the right thing;” “Do it the right way;” and “Take care of our people”.
Enhancing pollution prevention (P2) projects with economic and compliance drivers
Authors: Thomas‐Cole Suzanne T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractApproval of Pollution Prevention (P2) projects for implementation requires that these projects have justification that can compete favorably with other productivity‐enhancing and mission‐focused projects. Many environmental projects never receive approval because they are not perceived to be cost‐effective, their impact on environmental compliance is often understated, or the data collected do not support the project favorably for implementation. For example, compliance with National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) requirements and mandated Air Force P2 goals are closely related; cost savings and favorable implementation can be realized when the project studies and compliance solutions take both issues into account. In addition, economic feasibility analyses must include costs for continuing environmental compliance, as well as hidden costs for future regulatory pressures, liabilities, and public relations. This article will present an approach that elevates compliance and cost issues as a way to enhance P2 solutions. True environmental costs, combined P2 and compliance objectives, and focused data collection allow projects to succeed. The outcome is reduced cost (both compliance costs and implementation capital and operating costs), simplified compliance, and reduced data management needs.
Development of a plasma energy pyrolysis system (PEPS) to treat complex military waste streams
Authors: Smith Ed , Zaghloul Hany , Vallone Joseph S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (USACERL) is involved in evaluating the capability of plasma technology for the destruction of hazardous components, verifying slag suitability for regular landfill disposal, identifying potential hazards associated with the process emissions, and developing qualified cost estimates for the future use of the process on large scale operations. The Plasma Energy Pyrolysis System (PEPS) project provides an environmental compliance technology to reduce the cost of treatment and disposal of hazardous and toxic waste streams resulting from production or deactivation of military weapon systems or from military operations.Plasma arc technology applications enable the military to control and dispose of recalcitrant hazardous and toxic wastes regulated under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act amendments (RCRA), in addition to satisfying the increasingly stringent emission standards of the Clean Air Act (CAA) relevant to open burning/open detonation (OB/OD) practices within the military. A plasma arc processing unit can significantly reduce costs associated with conventional hazardous waste treatment technologies such as: sample characterization lead time, health and safety exposure risks to workers, and increased risks to the general public from accidents involving excavated and transported wastes. The development and field demonstration of plasma arc technology will provide a much‐needed capability for military hazardous waste processing and disposal on a flexible basis.
The national park service, intermountain region/environmental protection agency, region VIII, environmental partnership collaboration in wise stewardship
Authors: Schene Michael G. , Zanowick Marie B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe National Park Service (NPS), Intermountain Region and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region VIII have entered into a partnership effort. The work of the Partnership is based on the shared value of environmental protection and wise stewardship. The NPS has articulated goals for achieving safe, unimpaired park environments by the year 2000. The strategy for accomplishing these goals included significant partnership work and this effort has been largely focused with EPA. This Partnership project was designed to provide the parks with the knowledge and skills necessary to meet the 2000 initiative, design and implement an integrated park environmental management program, and incorporate sustainable practices into park operations. The Partnership team developed an innovative mix of training, “tools,” and technical assistance to achieve these outcomes. The work of the Partnership has been successful and there are documented changes in the way that NPS now manages both solid and hazardous waste.
DOD and tribal partnerships: Developing a resource for consultation with the five civilized tribes
Authors: Whalley Lucy A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLand managers on Department of Defense (DOD) installations are responsible for identifying Indian tribes affiliated with DOD lands and consulting with tribes about natural and cultural resources management and protection. This article discusses a current project, funded by the Legacy Resource Management Program, being conducted by the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory in partnership with the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) Committee of the Intertribal Council of the Five Civilized Tribes that proposes to study tribal affiliation with DOD lands in the southeastern United States. The article argues that such studies are a necessary first step in laying the groundwork for meaningful consultation with Indian tribes.
Environmental justice, pollution prevention, and the military: The effects of community‐based environmental projects on base operations
Authors: Herren Leann C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe environmental justice movement has focused attention on the need to more actively ensure equitable environmental protection for all and to empower those most often disenfranchised from the decision‐making process—t he poor and people of color. In South Carolina, this effort is centered out of the Community Based Environmental Protection (CBEP) project in Charleston County. The city of North Charleston, with a resident population of 73,000, is characterized by the presence of the Charleston Naval Complex, the Naval Weapons Station, and the Charleston Air Force Base. With the national spotlight on Charleston County CBEP as an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Model Program, military installations are being pulled into the community efforts to address environmental justice concerns. The environmental compliance and conditions at bases are no longer just between the installation and the state regulatory agencies. Instead, community groups like the one in Charleston are forming to empower neighborhoods to improve environmental, health, and safety conditions.
Integrating the sikes act improvement amendments (SAIA) and NEPA on military installations
Authors: Omans Jim 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Sikes Act Improvement Admendments (SAIA) were passed as part of the fiscal year (FY) 1998 National Defense Authorization Act. The Sikes Act initially authorized the general public to hunt and fish on military installations. The Act was reauthorized to encompass all aspects of natural resources, but natural resources management was discretionary. While a requirement existed to prepare natural resources plans, there was no requirement to implement these plans.The SAIA changed that by requiring “the Secretary of each military department [to] prepare and implement an Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) for each military installation in the United States under the jurisdiction of the Secretary.” This change is significant in that it directs, for the first time, installation commanders to implement natural resources management plans on lands under their control. The mandatory nature of the INRMP preparation and implementation also triggers the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
Partnering with nondefense stakeholders to improve environmental policy and explosives safety standards for munitions—A case study
Authors: Cornelius Kenneth A. , Puder Markus G. , Sims Ed , McFerrin Dan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe authors describe how effective partnering among Department of Defense (DOD) representatives, state and tribal agencies, and stakeholders from environmental advocacy groups and the public at large can improve DOD policies and standards, and simultaneously further environmental protection goals. The process of shaping the Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB) standards and the DOD's Final Munitions Rule Implementation Policy serves as a case study for the benefits of mutual openness, knowledge, and trust among regulators, the regulated community, and other interested parties. For DOD, this approach also reflects a continuing trend away from the old culture of closed doors and sovereign immunity carve‐outs to a new era of open dialogue and improved environmental stewardship.
Groundwater—the key to compliance
Authors: Henderson James L. , Pilatzke Richard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMilitary installations procure, store and utilize large volumes of fuels and hazardous materials and possess facilities that can potentially cause contamination of groundwater ranging from firing ranges to landfills. Knowledge of the physical system around an installation is essential in dealing with the surrounding communities. A good groundwater monitoring program can defuse public opposition before it can raise issues and is also helpful in establishing a good working relationship with regulatory agencies. This article discusses the background, nature, and scope future of efforts at Fort Carson, Colorado, to monitor groundwater to identify and address environmental requirements.
Remediation of perchlorate contamination at NWIRP McGregor, Texas
Authors: Hare Judithanne P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIdentification of a new contaminant is rare. When low levels of the highly soluble perchlorate (C104) cation were implicated in thyroid disorders, the Navy focused its cleanup effort at the former weapons plant at McGregor, Texas, on identification of sources, fate and transport, and application of heretofore unknown treatment technology to solve the problem while keeping a concerned public totally involved and informed. Since this article was written, extensive strides have been made in in‐situ anaerobic bioremediation of perchlorate, which should replace ex‐situ treatment as the probable final solution.