bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum complement-fixing antibody to Pasteurella haemolytica A1 and its effect on experimentally induced pneumonic pasteurellosis in calves
Authors: Jericho K. W. F. , Cho H. J. , Yates W. D. G. , Kozub G. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ninety-three calves comprising 16 experimental groups were exposed to viral (bovine herpesvirus-1 or parainfluenza-3 virus) and Pasteurella haemolytica aerosols. Serum samples from these calves were tested before and after exposure for antibodies to P haemolytica by a modified direct complement-fixation test. At slaughter of the calves, the extent of pneumonia produced was estimated for each calf and compared with the results of the modified direct complement-fixation tests. The extent of pneumonia was not related (P > 0.05) to the amount of anti-P haemolytica antibody produced by either naturally occurring or experimentally induced infection.
Comparison of three methods for cardiac output determination in cats
Authors: Dyson D. H. , Allen D. G. , McDonell W. N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cardiac output (co) was measured in sodium pentobarbital-anesthetized cats over a wide range of blood flow rates. In 10 cats, co was measured simultaneously, using Fick determination and thermodilution techniques. Echocardiography was used to estimate contractility of the heart by measuring percentage change in minor diameter and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening. These indices were compared with co by the other techniques, Echocardiographic equations used for co determination in man were evaluated for reliability in the cat. Thermodilution and Fick determination correlated best with low co (r = 0.89) and less with intermediate (r = 0.69) and high (r = 0.75) co. Percentage change in minor diameter and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening correlated with thermodilution measurements of the cardiac index (r = 0.71 and r = 0.84,. respectively). The value of echocardiography for co estimation was questionable, using existing equations, Fick determination of co was more inconsistent and was more prone to technical error than was thermodilution.
Morphometric studies of the bovine uterus; Microscopic lesions and retrospective reproductive history
Authors: Gonzalez Hector E. , Crowell Wayne A. , Caudle A. B. , Thompson F. N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A survey of reproductive tracts from nonpregnant cows at an abattoir was conducted. Reproductive tracts from 98 cows were studied microscopically and evaluated with a grading system to determine the severity of pathologic changes, Inflammatory reaction (type and distribution), fibrosis, gland morphology, and appearance were measured, quantified, and scored (1 to 4), Category 1 endometrium (normal) was found in 18 cows, category 2 in 23, category 3 in 34, and category 4 in 23. The category of endometrium was then compared with the retrospective reproductive status, and it was found that reproductive problems had occurred in 6 cows (33.3%) in category 1, in 13 cows (56.5%) in category 2, in 25 cows (73.5%) in category 3, and in 21 cows (91.3%) in category 4.
Cervicitis was found in 43 (43.8%) genital tracts; 16 cows (16.3%) had salpingitis. Ovarian lesions were not observed.
Serum samples were tested for certain antibodies. Only 1 was seropositive for brucellosis, but 61 of 81 sera had leptospira titers > 1:100 and 1:50 (hardjo). The serovar hardjo was the most prevalent. All sera had neutralizing titers against parainfluenza type 3 virus; 74.2% and 56.7% of the sera had neutralizing antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, respectively.
Comparison of two techniques for quantitation of encysted cyathostome larvae in the horse
Authors: Reinemeyer Craig R. , Herd R. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Haustral portions of intestine of 6 horses were isolated by excising the taeniae coli from the cecum and the ventral colon. Uniform 5-cm × 5-cm sections were cut from the haustra and were illuminated from the serosal side with a strong light source (mural transillumination). Cyathostome larvae encysted in the mucosa and submucosa were observed at 15 × magnification and counted. Two separate counts of the larvae in 80 replicates of tissue by the mural transillumination technique (mtt) revealed no significant (P < 0.05) difference between sample means.
Larvae in tissue sections were counted in situ by mtt, and the mucosal scrapings of the tissue sections were digested in pepsin and HCl to determine larval yields for comparison with the mtt counts. Numbers of larvae recovered by pepsin and HCl digestion for 3 and 6 hours were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than were numbers originally determined by mtt. Larvae recovered by tissue digestion for 3 or 6 hours were examined individually and given objective scores for morphologic damage. Distribution of scores was time-dependent; increased damage to larvae was associated with a longer time of digestion.
Individual 4th-stage cyathostome larvae were dissected from cysts in the large intestinal wall and were incubated in water, 0.9% saline solution, 1.1% HCl, or pepsin (7,000 U of activity/ml). Significantly fewer (P < 0.05) larvae were recovered from all solutions after 3 and 6 hours. The proportion of dissected larvae that were given high scores after exposure to pepsin was significantly (P < 0.01) greater than were those held in HCl, saline solution, or water for both periods.
Sarcocystis capracanis and Toxoplasma gondii infections in range goats from Texas
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Livingston C. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Specimens of tongues, esophagi, diaphragms, or abdominal muscles of 115 range goats from San Angelo, Tex, were examined for Sarcocystis and Toxoplasma gondii infections. Sarcocystis spp zoites were found microscopically in pepsin digests of muscles of 60.8% goats and sarcocysts of S capracanis were found in histologic sections of 27.8% goats. Sarcocysts were more common in sections of tongue (19.1%) than in those of other muscles (9.9% to 10.7%). A dog fed Sarcocysiis-infected tissues shed sporocysts in feces, whereas 2 cats fed the same tissues did not shed sporocysts.
Toxoplasma gondii was neither seen in histologic sections of goat tissues nor found by bioassays in mice or cats. Mice inoculated with pepsin digests of muscles did not develop T gondii infection and 2 cats fed goat tissues did not shed oocysts. Also, antibody to T gondii was not found in serum samples from goats. The low prevalence of T gondii infection in range goats may be because of the relative absence of domestic cats on Texas ranges.
Adherence of neutrophils from dogs with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Stickle Julia E. , Tvedten Harold W. , Schall William D. , Smith C. Wayne 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Adherence of neutrophils from dogs with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus controlled by insulin administration was compared with that from control dogs. Neutrophil adherence in whole blood decreased with increased serum glucose concentration, but was not different from normal cell adherence when isolated cells were examined. The decreased adherence in whole blood was considered to be the result of media factors and not dependent on altered neutrophil function.
Digestion of bentiromide and absorption of xylose in healthy cats and absorption of xylose in cats with infiltrative intestinal disease
Authors: Hawkins Eleanor C. , Meric Susan M. , Washabau Robert J. , Feldman Edward C. , Turrel Jane M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The digestion of bentiromide and the absorption of d-xylose was measured in 17 clinically healthy cats. The plasma xylose concentrations of the healthy cats were compared with values from 9 cats with diffuse infiltrative intestinal disease. The cats were administered 16.7 mg of bentiromide/kg and 0.5 g of xylose/kg via a stomach tube. Plasma samples were obtained before administration and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after administration. The maximum mean plasma p-aminobenzoic acid concentration occurred at 60 minutes, with a value of 386 ± 134 μg/dl (mean ± sd). The maximum mean plasma xylose concentration also occurred at 60 minutes, with a value of 26.0 ± 9.2 mg/dl. Plasma concentrations of p-aminobenzoic acid and xylose were lower in healthy cats than those reported for healthy dogs. There was no significant difference between xylose concentrations in healthy cats and cats with infiltrative intestinal disease.
Scintigraphic diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in the woodchuck (Marmota monax)
Authors: Kallfelz F. A. , Hornbuckle W. E. , Harvey H. J. , Wallace R. J. , Potkewitz L. G. , Roth L. , Tennant B. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hepatic imaging with 99mTc-sulfur colloid was used to diagnose primary hepatocellular carcinoma (phc) in woodchucks infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (whv). Based on imaging results, 6 of 12 whv-infected wood-chucks had space-occupying hepatic lesions, and all 6 had phc. Of the remaining woodchucks, 2 did not have phc, 2 had discrete tumors (< 1 cm diameter), 1 had miliary small tumors, and 1 had tumors located near the great vessels. Hepatic imaging was a valuable technique for diagnosis of phc in whv-infected woodchucks.
Changes in QRS complex in dogs with normal and exaggerated tidal volumes
Authors: Rush John E. , Hamlin Robert L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The influence of normal and exaggerated ventilation on the QRS was studied in 10 dogs. Peak-to-peak amplitudes of QRS in 4 circumferential unipolar and 2 limb lead ecg were obtained during eupnea and during hyperinflation produced by intermittent positive pressure ventilation or negative extrathoracic pressure. Marked changes were not observed in any lead during eupnea. During hyperinflation to a transpulmonary pressure of 10 mm of Hg (whether by intermittent positive pressure ventilation or negative extrathoracic pressure), voltages decreased in leads I, V10, rV3, and aVF and were variable in leads V3 and V5. Radiography revealed that during the hyperinflation the heart was displaced to the nondependent side of the thorax further from the dependent electrodes and that the heart became generally smaller. Changes in voltage could be attributed to alterations in relationships between the heart and electrodes on the torso surface or to changes in volume conductor properties of the heart and torso.
Xylazine and xylazine-ketamine in dogs
Authors: Haskins Steve C. , Patz John D. , Farver Tom B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The cardiopulmonary consequences of iv administered xylazine (1.0 mg/kg) followed by ketamine (10 mg/kg) were evaluated in 12 dogs. Xylazine caused significant decreases in heart rate, cardiac output, left ventricular work, breathing rate, minute ventilation, physiologic dead space, oxygen transport, mixed venous partial pressure of oxygen, and oxygen concentration. It caused significant increases in systemic blood pressure, central venous pressure, systemic vascular resistance, tidal volume, and oxygen utilization ratio.
The subsequent administration of ketamine was associated with significant increases in heart rate (transient increase), cardiac output, the alveolar-arterial PO2 gradient and venous admixture (transient increase), and arterial PCO2 (transient increase). It caused significant decreases in stroke volume (transient decrease), left ventricular stroke work (transient decrease), effective alveolar ventilation, arterial PO2 and oxygen content (transient decrease).
Quantitation of the pharyngoesophageal sphincter in the dog
Authors: Rosin Eberhard 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The pressure and length of the pharyngoesophageal sphincter were studied in 5 healthy dogs that were awake and then immobilized with xylazine. During successive tests, a single side-hole catheter was mechanically withdrawn and rotated 90°. Similar pressures were measured, regardless of the orientation of the catheter side hole. The mean pressure and length of the pharyngoesophageal sphincter of the awake dogs were 18 mm of Hg and 1.8 cm, respectively. After the dogs were immobilized with xylazine, the mean pressure and length were 8 mm of Hg and 1.7 cm, respectively. In 2 dogs immobilized with xylazine, there was no change in the maximum resting pharyngoesophageal sphincter pressure or length of the pressure zone after iv administration of edrophonium chloride, succinylcholine chloride, or thiamylal sodium. Seemingly, xylazine was not a suitable agent for immobilization of clinical patients for pharyngoesophageal manometry.
Single-dilution indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the detection of anti-pseudorabies immunoglobulin G in swine sera
Authors: Wang Fun-In , Hahn Edwin C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A single-dilution indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay (iria) was developed for the detection of low levels of anti-pseudorabies immunoglobulin G in swine sera. The assay derived increased sensitivity from the use of a second amplifying antibody. The iria was examined for its stoichiometry, amplification by secondary antibody, advantage of a single-dilution assay vs an end-point titration, sensitivity, and specificity. The assay had a near linear dose-response relationship with positive sera (serumneutralization titer ≤ 1:16) and lacked a dose response with negative sera. With addition of the secondary antibody, the iria was enhanced 8.5-fold in net specific binding, and the end-point titer was amplified 32-fold. The single-dilution assay was proved to be a feasible test, compared with end-point titration. Anti-pseudorabies virus titers were at least 128-fold higher by iria than those by serum-neutralization test. Evidence indicated that there may be minimal or no cross-reactivity of iria antigen with anti-infectious bovine rhinotracheitis sera. The single-dilution iria was a rapid and sensitive test for anti-pseudorabies virus immunoglobulin G in swine sera.
Detection of latent pseudorabies virus in porcine tissue, using a DNA hybridization dot-blot assay
Authors: McFarlane Robin G. , Thawley David G. , Solorzano Robert F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A DNA-hybridization dot-blot technique was developed to detect the presence of pseudorabies virus (prv) DNA in porcine tissue. Seven 32P-nick translated probes of high specific activity were prepared from transformed Escherichia coli plasmids into which Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H (Bam HI) restriction fragments of prv-DNA had been inserted.
Samples of DNA that had been extracted from porcine tissue or from prv grown in tissue culture were transferred to nitrocellulose paper, using a microsample filtration manifold and were hybridized to the probes under high-stringency conditions. Under optimal hybridization conditions, the minimum detection amount of prv-DNA was 10−11 g, which is equivalent to 1 copy of the prv genome/80 host cells. Four probes did not show cross hybridization with DNA extracted from tissues of known prv-negative swine, and these were subsequently used to detect prv-DNA in infected porcine tissues.
Generally, correlation between virus isolation and hybridization data was good for tissues from swine that had died of acute prv infection. Furthermore, prv-DNA was present in specific tissues of all 4 seropositive swine that had recovered from pseudorabies and in which no infective virus or viral products were detected at necropsy. Pseudorabies virus DNA was present in the rostralis cerebral cortex (n = 2) or in the medulla oblongata (n = 1) and trigeminal ganglion (n = 1). This probably indicated the portal of entry of the virus into the cns. In another seropositive pig, there was evidence of a productive infection in the tonsils, although virus was not isolated in a tissue culture system. High concentrations of prv-DNA were present in extracts from the spleen and liver of a seronegative pig without evidence of infective virus, after the swine had been housed with swine latently infected with prv.
Pharmacokinetics of procainamide hydrochloride in dogs
Authors: Papich Mark G. , Davis Lloyd E. , Davis Carol A. , McKiernan Brendan C. , Brown Scott A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pharmacokinetics of procainamide hydrochloride were studied in 2 groups of dogs. In a group of 6 dogs, procainamide was administered iv at a small dose of 8 mg/kg (group 1), and blood samples were obtained for 3.5 hours. In another group of 6 dogs, procainamide was administered iv and orally at an average dose of 25.5 mg/kg (group 2) in a crossover manner. Blood samples were obtained for 48 hours. In 2 dogs (previously used in part II), N-acetylprocainamide (napa) was administered iv at a dose of 10 mg/kg.
Plasma samples were assayed for procainamide by fluorescence polarization immunoassay, and napa samples were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography.
In group 1, the elimination of procainamide was described by a 1-compartment, open pharmacokinetic model. The elimination half-life was 2.43 hours, the apparent volume of distribution was 1.44 L/kg, and the systemic clearance was 0.412 L/kg/hr.
In group 2, 2 of the 6 dogs were described by a 1-compartment model, and 4 of the 6 dogs were described with a 2-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The elimination half-life for the iv dosage was 2.85 hours, the apparent volume of distribution was 2.13 L/kg, and the systemic clearance was 0.519 L/kg/hr. For the orally administered dose, the bioavailability was 85%, and the absorption half-life was 0.5 hours.
There was no evidence of acetylation of procainamide to napa or deacetylation of napa to procainamide. The estimated elimination half-life of napa was 4.7 hours.
Effects of a phenylbutazone paste in ponies: Model of acute nonimmune inflammation
Authors: Lees Peter , Higgins Andrew J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a 12-day treatment schedule, 5 ponies were given orally a paste formulation of phenylbutazone (pbz) and 5 matched ponies were given equivalent doses of a placebo paste. On day 12, a mild, nonimmune inflammatory reaction was induced subcutaneously in the neck of each pony by inserting sterile, polyester sponge strips soaked in a 2% carrageenan solution. Exudate was collected at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours by serial removal of sponges. There were no significant (P < 0.05) differences in exudate protein concentration and leukocyte numbers between the treatment groups, but the group given pbz had significantly reduced exudate concentrations of eicosanoids 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (the stable metabolite of prostacyclin) at 4, 8, and 12 hours; thromboxane B2 at 8, 12, and 24 hours; and bicyclic prostaglandin E2 at 8 hours. The maximal depression of eicosanoid synthesis occurred at times of peak exudate concentrations of pbz (8 and 12 hours). Phenylbutazone was cleared more slowly from exudate than from plasma. Changes in surface skin temperature were measured by infrared thermometry. Lesional temperatures were recorded 1 cm below the base of the incision line, and mean increases were significantly (P < 0.05) less in pbz-treated than in placebo-treated ponies between 4 and 24 hours. The importance of the findings for the clinical efficacy of this dosage schedule is considered.
Properties of microcytic caprine carrier red blood cells: Their preparation and in vivo survival
Authors: DeLoach J. R. , Droleskey R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Dialysis encapsulation was used to prepare caprine-carrier rbc. Optimal conditions for encapsulation are described in which 23% of added [14C]sucrose was entrapped. Carrier rbc were stable in vitro releasing only 5% of entrapped substance in 24 hour. Injected-carrier rbc circulated with a 47-day half-life. Although markedly smaller in size (10 fl vs 15 fl), caprine-carrier rbc were morphologically identical to normal rbc.
In vitro induction of cytotoxic lymphocytes from infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus hyperimmune cattle
Authors: Campos Manuel , Rossi Charles R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cytotoxic lymphocytes against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv)-infected cells were induced by in vitro stimulation with ibrv antigen of peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from hyperimmune cattle. After one in vitro stimulation with ibrv, cytotoxicity was detected against ibrv-infected autologous target cells, but not against heterologous ibrv-infected or K562 target cells. After 4 in vitro ibrv stimulations at weekly intervals (in the presence of autologous feeder cells followed by interleukin 2 treatment at 2-day intervals), cytotoxicity was detected against autologous-, and to a lesser extent, heterologous-infected cells. Most cells in cytotoxic cultures were positive to a monoclonal antibody shown to react with bovine T lymphocytes.
Cecal short-chain fatty acids in experimental rabbit mucoid enteropathy
Authors: Toofanian F. , Hamar D. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Short-chain fatty acid concentrations were measured in the cecal contents of 9 healthy rabbits and 20 rabbits with experimentally induced mucoid enteropathy. In control rabbits, cecal concentration of acetate was the most abundant, followed by that of butyrate and propionate—a feature distinguishing rabbits from most other mammals. In mucoid enteropathy, cecal acetate and butyrate concentrations were lower, whereas propionate, isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate were increased. The results indicated that there were abnormal fermentation and cecal maldigestion in rabbits with mucoid enteropathy.
Ovine anaplasmosis: In utero transmission as it relates to stage of gestation
Authors: Zaugg Jerry L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Seventeen mature, pregnant, anaplasmosis-susceptible and 3 anaplasmosis-carrier ewes were used in Anaplasma ovis in utero transmission studies. Susceptible ewes were arbitrarily allotted to 3 groups, 4 each in groups A and C and 9 in group B, and were inoculated with whole blood from a carrier ewe. Each group was Anaplasma-exposed once during one of the thirds of pregnancy. In all ewes, resulting parasitemias were low and anemias were mild. Three carrier ewes comprised group D. Blood samples were obtained once during gestation from each fetus at various stages of development for evaluation and inoculation into splenectomized lambs. Blood obtained from neonates before nursing was also evaluated for Anaplasma presence.
Parasitemia was not detected in any fetus or neonate; however, 3 of 16 splenectomized lambs inoculated with fetal or neonate blood developed acute anaplasmosis. Dams of fetuses/neonates with infective blood had been Anaplasma-exposed during their 2nd or last 3rd of pregnancy. Infective Anaplasma agents crossed the placental barrier as early as 130 days of gestation.