bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the burn: An observational study of cardiovascular risk in burn survivors in the north of Iran
Authors: Samadi Soroosh , Salari Arsalan , Mobayen Mohammadreza , Shakiba Maryam , Bazi Ali , Hojjati Hamid , Hekmati Pour Nafiseh , Farhadi Bahar , Alizadeh Otaghvar Hamidreza , Shirzadi Alireza , Farzin Mohaya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBurn survivors experience profound physiological changes following injury, which may have lasting implications for cardiovascular health. This study aims to investigate the cardiovascular risk profile among burn survivors treated at a burn center in northern Iran. This observational study was conducted from 2022 to 2023 at the burn centre affiliated with Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. This study assessed a cohort study of 210 burn survivors, focusing on individuals with ≥20% TBSA burn injuries who had recovered and returned to their daily lives. This study assessed patients' lipid profiles, Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score (FGCRS) and risk factors, including demographics, clinical variables and physical activity. Statistical analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean age was 49.23 years, and the mean TBSA burned was 37.06%. The risk of cardiovascular disease in 66% of the study population was less than 10%, and in 13%, it was more than 20%. Significant associations were identified between CVD risk and sex, diabetes, hypertension, BMI, TBSA burned, years after burn, physical activity level and LDL. Of the lipid profile measures, LDL, triglycerides and TC/HDL exceeded the desirable levels. This research highlights the heightened cardiovascular risk in burn survivors, emphasizing the necessity for targeted interventions and regular monitoring. Identifying modifiable risk factors enables healthcare practitioners to develop tailored strategies, enhancing cardiovascular health in this vulnerable population and improving overall outcomes and quality of life.
First report of Metschnikowia bicuspidata infection in the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense, de Haan) in China
Authors: Yu Yingyue , You Songyue , Feng Chengcheng , Li Xiaodong , Xing Yuenan , Hu Qingbiao , Bao Jie , Jiang Hongbo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDuring breeding, some oriental river prawns (Macrobrachium nipponense, de Haan), an important aquaculture species in China, exhibit yellowish‐brown body colouration, reduced appetite, and vitality. Diseased prawns revealed characteristic emulsifying disease signs, including whitened musculature, hepatopancreatic tissues, milky haemolymph, and non‐coagulation. The present study investigated the causative agent of M. nipponense infection through isolation, histopathology, molecular sequencing, and infection experiments. The pathogenic strain exhibited distinctive white colonies on Bengal red medium, with microscopic examination confirming the presence of yeast cells. Histopathological analysis revealed prominent pathological alterations and yeast cell infiltration in muscles, hepatopancreas and gills. Additionally, 26S rDNA sequencing of the isolated yeast strain LNMN2022 revealed Metschnikowia bicuspidata (GenBank: OR518659) as the causative agent. This strain exhibited a 98.28% sequence homology with M. bicuspidata LNMB2021 (GenBank: OK094821) and 96.62% with M. bicuspidata LNES0119 (GenBank: OK073903). The pathogenicity test confirmed that M. bicuspidata elicited clinical signs in M. nipponense consistent with those observed in natural populations, and the median lethal concentration was determined to be 3.3 × 105 cfu/mL. This study establishes a foundation for further investigations into the host range and epidemiological characteristics of the pathogen M. bicuspidata in aquatic animals and provides an empirical basis for disease management in M. nipponense.
Association of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease with erosive esophagitis development: a longitudinal observational study
Authors: Sogabe Masahiro , Okahisa Toshiya , Kagawa Miwako , Sei Motoko , Ueda Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Reiko , Kagemoto Kaizo , Tanaka Hironori , Kida Yoshifumi , Nakamura Fumika , Tomonari Tetsu , Okamoto Koichi , Kawano Yutaka , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Sato Yasushi , Nakasono Masahiko , Takayama Tetsuji 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough erosive esophagitis (EE) is associated with fatty liver and metabolic dysregulation, the association between EE and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between MASLD and EE.MethodsWe included 1578 patients without EE at baseline who underwent more than two health checkups over 2 years. Generalized estimation equations were used to analyze associations between MASLD and EE according to repeated measures at baseline and most recent stages.ResultsEE development rates in men and women were 14.5% and 7.2%, respectively. After adjusting for lifestyle habits, the odds ratios of MASLD for EE development in men and women were 1.907 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.289–2.832, P < 0.005) and 1.483 (95% CI: 0.783–2.811, P = 0.227), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, after adjusting for lifestyle habits, among men and women aged ≥50 years with more than three MASLD components, the odds ratios for EE development were 2.408 (95% CI: 1.505–3.855, P < 0.001) and 2.148 (95% CI: 1.093–4.221, P < 0.05), respectively. After adjusting for various factors, the significant risk factors for EE development were different between men and women.ConclusionThe influence of MASLD and other factors on EE development differed by sex and age. Particularly, patients aged ≥50 years with MASLD and with an increased number of MASLD components should be considered at increased risk for EE.
Brain volume in infants with metopic synostosis: Less white matter volume with an accelerated growth pattern in early life
Authors: Gaillard L. , Tjaberinga M. C. , Dremmen M. H. G. , Mathijssen I. M. J. , Vrooman H. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetopic synostosis patients are at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders despite a negligible risk of intracranial hypertension. To gain insight into the underlying pathophysiology of metopic synostosis and associated neurodevelopmental disorders, we aimed to investigate brain volumes of non‐syndromic metopic synostosis patients using preoperative MRI brain scans. MRI brain scans were processed with HyperDenseNet to calculate total intracranial volume (TIV), total brain volume (TBV), total grey matter volume (TGMV), total white matter volume (TWMV) and total cerebrospinal fluid volume (TCBFV). We compared global brain volumes of patients with controls corrected for age and sex using linear regression. Lobe‐specific grey matter volumes were assessed in secondary analyses. We included 45 metopic synostosis patients and 14 controls (median age at MRI 0.56 years [IQR 0.36] and 1.1 years [IQR 0.47], respectively). We found no significant differences in TIV, TBV, TGMV or TCBFV in patients compared to controls. TWMV was significantly smaller in patients (−62,233 mm3 [95% CI = −96,968; −27,498], Holm‐corrected p = 0.004), and raw data show an accelerated growth pattern of white matter in metopic synostosis patients. Grey matter volume analyses per lobe indicated increased cingulate (1378 mm3 [95% CI = 402; 2355]) and temporal grey matter (4747 [95% CI = 178; 9317]) volumes in patients compared to controls. To conclude, we found smaller TWMV with an accelerated white matter growth pattern in metopic synostosis patients, similar to white matter growth patterns seen in autism. TIV, TBV, TGMV and TCBFV were comparable in patients and controls. Secondary analyses suggest larger cingulate and temporal lobe volumes. These findings suggest a generalized intrinsic brain anomaly in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with metopic synostosis.
Effects of mixed extract from two tropical plants on gut microbiome and metabolome in piglets
Authors: Zhou Luli , Hou Guanyu , Liu Shengmin , Zhou Hanlin , Ye Yuxiu , Lv Renlong , Abouelezz Khaled , Wang Dingfa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, we performed a quantitative analysis of 12 compounds derived from Piper sarmentosum extract (PSE) and guava leaf extract (GE). In addition, we investigated the effects of mixed extract (ME) of PSE and GE (1:1) on piglets' gut microbiome and metabolome. A total of 200 piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large Yorkshire, 21‐day‐old) were randomly assigned into two groups with five replicates of 20 piglets/pen having the same initial body weight. Piglets were fed a basal diet supplemented with ME at 0 (T0) or 200 mg/kg (T1) for 3 weeks. The quantitation results by ultraperformance liquid chromatography linked to triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry showed that vitexin 2‐O‐rhamnoside and pellitorine were the greatest abundant among six compounds detected in the PSE. In addition, quercetin, isoquercitrin and avicularin were found to be the richest of all detected compounds in the GE. Findings on experimental animals indicated that three differential metabolites, comprising L‐alanine, sarcosine and dihydrofolic acid, in T1 compared with T0 groups, have exactly opposite levels trends in serum and faeces. Moreover, two metabolic pathways (i.e., urea cycle and glutamate metabolism) differed significantly in the serum and faeces of piglets between T0 and T1 (p < 0.05). At the same time, T1 had significantly higher relative abundances of Agathobacter and Alloprevotella than T0 at genus level (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that the genus Agathobacter correlated positively with carbamoyl phosphate (p < 0.01) and oxoglutaric acid (p < 0.05), and negatively with succinic acid (p < 0.01) and ornithine (p < 0.05). These four differential metabolites were also involved in the urea cycle and/or glutamate metabolism pathways. The results here indicated that the tested plant extract mixture represents a worthy feed additive with obvious antioxidative properties.
The effect of single‐component sleep restriction therapy on depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tse Katrina Yan Kei , Maurer Leonie Franziska , Espie Colin Alexander , Kyle Simon David 
Published: February 2024

SummarySleep restriction therapy is a behavioural component within cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia and is an effective standalone treatment for insomnia, but its effect on depressive symptoms remains unclear. This review aimed to synthesise and evaluate the impact of single‐component sleep restriction therapy on depressive symptoms relative to a control intervention. We searched electronic databases and sleep‐related journals for randomised controlled trials and uncontrolled clinical trials, published from 1 January 1986 until 19 August 2023, that delivered sleep restriction therapy to adults with insomnia. Random‐effects meta‐analysis of standardised mean differences and Cochrane risk of bias assessment were performed on randomised controlled trials, while uncontrolled clinical trials were discussed narratively. The meta‐analysis was pre‐registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020191803). We identified seven randomised controlled trials (N = 1102) and two uncontrolled clinical trials (N = 22). Findings suggest that sleep restriction therapy is associated with a medium effect for improvement in depressive symptoms at post‐treatment (Nc = 6, g = −0.45 [95% confidence interval = −0.70 to −0.21], p < 0.001) and a small effect at follow‐up (Nc = 4, g = −0.31 [95% confidence interval = −0.45 to −0.16], p < 0.001). Five of the seven included randomised controlled trials were judged to have a high risk of bias. Standalone sleep restriction therapy appears to be efficacious for improving depressive symptoms at post‐treatment and follow‐up. However, conclusions are tentative due to the small number of trials and because none of the trials was performed in a population with clinically defined depression. Large‐scale trials are needed to test the effect of sleep restriction therapy in patients experiencing depression and insomnia. Findings also highlight the need to improve the standardisation and reporting of sleep restriction therapy procedures, and to design studies with more rigorous control arms to reduce potential bias.
Chondrule formation during low‐speed collisions of planetesimals: A hybrid splash–flyby framework
Authors: Herbst William , Greenwood James P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChondrules probably formed during a small window of time ~1–4 Ma after CAIs, when most solid matter in the asteroid belt was already in the form of km‐sized planetesimals. They are unlikely, therefore, to be “building blocks” of planets or abundant on asteroids, but more likely to be a product of energetic events common in the asteroid belt at that epoch. Laboratory experiments indicate that they could have formed when solids of primitive composition were heated to temperatures of ~1600 K and then cooled for minutes to hours. A plausible heat source for this is magma, which is likely to have been abundant in the asteroid belt at that time, and only that time, due to the trapping of 26Al decay energy in planetesimal interiors. Here, we propose that chondrules formed during low‐speed () collisions between large planetesimals when heat from their interiors was released into a stream of primitive debris from their surfaces. Heating would have been essentially instantaneous and cooling would have been on the dynamical time scale, ~30 min, where is the mean density of a planetesimal. Many of the heated fragments would have remained gravitationally bound to the merged object and could have suffered additional heating events as they orbited and ultimately accreted to its surface. This is a hybrid of the splash and flyby models: We propose that it was the energy released from a body's molten interior, not its mass, that was responsible for chondrule formation by heating primitive debris that emerged from the collision.
Population genomics of harbour seal Phoca vitulina from northern British Columbia through California and comparison to the Atlantic subspecies
Authors: Sutherland Ben J. G. , Rycroft Claire , Duguid Ashtin , Beacham Terry D. , Tucker Strahan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe harbour seal Phoca vitulina is a ubiquitous pinniped species found throughout coastal waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Harbour seal impacts on ecosystem dynamics may be significant due to their high abundance and food web position. Two subspecies exist in North America, P. v. richardii in the Pacific Ocean and P. v. vitulina in the Atlantic. Strong natal philopatry of harbour seals can result in fine‐scale genetic structure and isolation by distance. Management of harbour seals is expected to benefit from improved resolution of seal population structure and dynamics. Here, we use genotyping‐by‐sequencing to genotype 146 harbour seals from the eastern Pacific Ocean (i.e. British Columbia (BC), Oregon and California) and the western Atlantic Ocean (i.e. Québec, Newfoundland and Labrador). Using 12,742 identified variants, we confirm the recently identified elevated genetic diversity in the eastern Pacific relative to the western Atlantic and greatest differentiation between the subspecies. Further, we demonstrate that this is independent of reference genome bias or other potential technical artefacts. Coast‐specific analyses with 8933 and 3828 variants in Pacific and Atlantic subspecies, respectively, identify divergence between BC and Oregon–California, and between Québec and Newfoundland–Labrador. Unexpected PCA outlier clusters were observed in two populations due to cryptic relatedness of individuals; subsequently, closely related samples were removed. Admixture analysis indicates an isolation‐by‐distance signature where Oregon seals contained some of the BC signature, whereas California did not. Additional sampling is needed in the central and north coast of BC to determine whether a discrete separation of populations exists within the region.
Reimagining Victors' peace in Sri Lanka: Exploring an alternative approach
Authors: Senanayake Danendri Laleema 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe three‐decade‐long Sri Lankan civil war between the Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (the LTTE, also known as the Tamil Tigers) came to an end following a major GoSL offensive in May 2009, which resulted in GoSL claiming a “victor's peace.” The war caused the death of around 80,000 to 100,000 people and internally and externally displaced hundreds of thousands. During the three decades, five attempts at formal peace processes were initiated, all of which ended unsuccessfully. This paper identifies the root causes of the Sri Lankan civil war using the social cubism analysis by Byrne and Carter (Peace and Conflict Studies, 1996, 3, 5). It then examines two of the five formal negotiations, namely the Indo‐Lanka Agreement of 1987 and the Wickramasinghe‐LTTE agreement in 2002. Finally, it explores an alternative approach to building peace in Sri Lanka using the multimodal approach by Byrne and Keashly (International Peacekeeping, 2000, 3, 97) utilizing the nested paradigm, and the time dimension of peacebuilding by Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies (1997).
WRKY6 transcription factor modulates root potassium acquisition through promoting expression of AKT1 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Niu Fangfang , Cui Xing , Yang Bo , Wang Rui , Zhao Peiyu , Zhao Xinjie , Zhang Hanfeng , Fan Xiaojiang , Li Ye , Deyholos Michael K. , Jiang Yuan‐Qing 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARYPotassium (K+), being an essential macronutrient in plants, plays a central role in many aspects. Root growth is highly plastic and is affected by many different abiotic stresses including nutrient deficiency. The Shaker‐type K+ channel Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) K+ Transporter 1 (AKT1) is responsible for K+ uptake under both low and high external K+ conditions. However, the upstream transcription factor of AKT1 is not clear. Here, we demonstrated that the WRKY6 transcription factor modulates root growth to low potassium (LK) stress in Arabidopsis. WRKY6 showed a quick response to LK stress and also to many other abiotic stress treatments. The two wrky6 T‐DNA insertion mutants were highly sensitive to LK treatment, whose primary root lengths were much shorter, less biomass and lower K+ content in roots than those of wild‐type plants, while WRKY6‐overexpression lines showed opposite phenotypes. A further investigation showed that WRKY6 regulated the expression of the AKT1 gene via directly binding to the W‐box elements in its promoter through EMSA and ChIP‐qPCR assays. A dual luciferase reporter analysis further demonstrated that WRKY6 enhanced the transcription of AKT1. Genetic analysis further revealed that the overexpression of AKT1 greatly rescued the short root phenotype of the wrky6 mutant under LK stress, suggesting AKT1 is epistatic to WRKY6 in the control of LK response. Further transcriptome profiling suggested that WRKY6 modulates LK response through a complex regulatory network. Thus, this study unveils a transcription factor that modulates root growth under potassium deficiency conditions by affecting the potassium channel gene AKT1 expression.
Red cell concentrates from teen male donors contain poor‐quality biologically older cells
Authors: Mykhailova Olga , Brandon‐Coatham Mackenzie , Phan Celina , Yazdanbakhsh Mahsa , Olafson Carly , Yi Qi‐Long , Kanias Tamir , Acker Jason P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDonor factors influence the quality characteristics of red cell concentrates (RCCs) and the lesions that develop in these heterogeneous blood products during hypothermic storage. Teen male donors' RCCs contain elevated levels of biologically old red blood cells (RBCs). The aim of this study was to interrogate the quality of units of different donor ages and sexes to unravel the complex interplay between donor characteristics, long‐term cold storage and, for the first time, RBC biological age.Materials and MethodsRCCs from teen males, teen females, senior males and senior females were density‐separated into less‐dense/young (Y‐RBCs) and dense/old RBCs (O‐RBCs) throughout hypothermic storage for testing. The unseparated and density‐separated cells were tested for haematological parameters, stress (oxidative and osmotic) haemolysis and oxygen affinity (p50).ResultsThe O‐RBCs obtained from teen donor samples, particularly males, had smaller mean corpuscular volumes and higher mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations. While biological age did not significantly affect oxygen affinity, biologically aged O‐RBCs from stored RCCs exhibited increased oxidative haemolysis and decreased osmotic fragility, with teenage male RCCs exhibiting the highest propensity to haemolyse.ConclusionPreviously, donor age and sex were shown to have an impact on the biological age distribution of RBCs within RCCs. Herein, we demonstrated that RBC biological age, particularly O‐RBCs, which are found more prevalently in male teens, to be a driving factor of several aspects of poor blood product quality. This study emphasizes that donor factors should continue to be considered for their potential impacts on transfusion outcomes.
Therapeutic response to four artemisinin-based combination therapies in Angola, 2021
Authors: Dimbu Pedro Rafael , Labuda Sarah , Ferreira Carolina Miguel , Caquece Felismina , André Kialanda , Pembele Garcia , Pode Dilunvuidi , João Maria Florinda , Pelenda Venceslau Mambi , Nieto Andrade Benjamin , Horton Breanna , Kennedy Culzean , Svigel Samaly S. , Zhou Zhiyong , Morais Joana F. M. , Rosário Joana do , Fortes Filomeno , Martins José Franco , Plucinski Mateusz M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Monitoring antimalarial efficacy is important to detect the emergence of parasite drug resistance. Angola conducts
in vivo
therapeutic efficacy studies (TESs) every 2 years in its fixed sentinel sites in Benguela, Lunda Sul, and Zaire provinces. Children with uncomplicated
Plasmodium falciparum
malaria were treated with artemether-lumefantrine (AL), artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ), dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP), or artesunate-pyronaridine (ASPY) and followed for 28 (AL and ASAQ) or 42 days (DP and ASPY) to assess clinical and parasitological response to treatment. Two drugs were sequentially assessed in each site in February–July 2021. The primary indicator was the Kaplan-Meier estimate of the PCR-corrected efficacy at the end of the follow-up period. A total of 622 patients were enrolled in the study and 590 (95%) participants reached a study endpoint. By day 3, ≥98% of participants were slide-negative in all study sites and arms. After PCR correction, day 28 AL efficacy was 88.0% (95% CI: 82%–95%) in Zaire and 94.7% (95% CI: 90%–99%) in Lunda Sul. For ASAQ, day 28 efficacy was 92.0% (95% CI: 87%–98%) in Zaire and 100% in Lunda Sul. Corrected day 42 efficacy was 99.6% (95% CI: 99%–100%) for ASPY and 98.3% (95% CI: 96%–100%) for DP in Benguela. High day 3 clearance rates suggest no clinical evidence of artemisinin resistance. This was the fourth of five rounds of TES in Angola showing a corrected AL efficacy <90% in a site. For Zaire, AL has had an efficacy <90% in 2013, 2015, and 2021. ASAQ, DP, and ASPY are appropriate choices as artemisinin-based combination therapies in Angola.