bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Letter to the editor: will it be possible to achieve the global nutrition targets in Mexico by 2030?
Authors: Ancira-Moreno Mónica , Hernández-Cordero Sonia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn May 2012, the 65th World Health Assembly (WHA) approved six global nutrition targets by 2025 aimed to reduce stunting in children under five by 40%, maintain childhood wasting below 5%, halt obesity, cut anemia in women by 50%, lower low birth weight prevalence by 30%, and increase exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) within the first 6 months to 50%. These targets were extended to 2030, with all of them remaining as originally planned, but the EBF one (increased to 70%), wasting and overweight (both objectives set to eliminate them to negligible concern). Mexico is projected to achieve only one of the six nutrition targets (wasting) by 2025, falling far short of the stunting, low birth weight, anemia, and exclusive breastfeeding for the updated goals by 2030. This letter to the editor describes the most recent prevalence of malnutrition among mothers and children in Mexico. It discusses the challenges pregnant women and children under five years of age face exercising their right to good food, nutrition, and development. The authors reflect on the urgent need to make structural changes to achieve the global nutrition targets by 2030, highlighting the paramount importance of addressing the profound structural obstacles in Mexico and how Mexico’s government must prioritize poverty reduction, reduce the marked inequalities, enhance the quality of nutritional care and healthcare infrastructure, and implement climate-resilient agricultural practices to address this pressing issue.
Recent advances in nanomaterial-driven strategies for diagnosis and therapy of vascular anomalies
Authors: Geng Yiming , Zou Huwei , Li Zhaowei , Wu Haiwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNanotechnology has demonstrated immense potential in various fields, especially in biomedical field. Among these domains, the development of nanotechnology for diagnosing and treating vascular anomalies has garnered significant attention. Vascular anomalies refer to structural and functional anomalies within the vascular system, which can result in conditions such as vascular malformations and tumors. These anomalies can significantly impact the quality of life of patients and pose significant health concerns. Nanoscale contrast agents have been developed for targeted imaging of blood vessels, enabling more precise identification and characterization of vascular anomalies. These contrast agents can be designed to bind specifically to abnormal blood vessels, providing healthcare professionals with a clearer view of the affected areas. More importantly, nanotechnology also offers promising solutions for targeted therapeutic interventions. Nanoparticles can be engineered to deliver drugs directly to the site of vascular anomalies, maximizing therapeutic effects while minimizing side effects on healthy tissues. Meanwhile, by incorporating functional components into nanoparticles, such as photosensitizers, nanotechnology enables innovative treatment modalities such as photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy. This review focuses on the applications and potential of nanotechnology in the imaging and therapy of vascular anomalies, as well as discusses the present challenges and future directions.
Graphical Abstract
Israeli students’ perceptions regarding sperm donation: dilemmas reflections with dominant demographic effect
Authors: Gat Itai , Ronen Maya , Avraham Sarit , Youngster Michal , Hourvitz Ariel , Levtzion-Korach Osnat 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Sperm donation has undergone significant medical and social transformations in recent decades. This study aimed to explore Israeli students’ perceptions towards sperm donation and investigate the potential influence of demographic characteristics on these perceptions.

Design
The study encompassed 254 students from Tel-Aviv University, who completed an anonymous online survey in January–February 2021. This cross-sectional quantitative online survey, comprised 35 questions categorized into three sections: demographic data, assessment of prior knowledge, and perceptions of sperm donation (general perceptions related to both positive and negative stigmas associated with sperm donation, the roles and activities of sperm banks, and considerations surrounding identity disclosure versus the anonymity of sperm donors and their offspring).

Results
Participants exhibited a relatively low level of prior knowledge (mean 31.2 ± 19 of 100). Scores for positive and negative stigmas ranged from 1.3 to 2.2. Notably, the statement “Donors’ anonymity preservation is crucial to maintain sperm donation” received a mean of 3.7. Seeking for anonymous sperm donation identity both by recipients and offspring was ranked with low means (1.5 and 1.7, respectively). However, the pursuit of half-siblings by mothers or siblings themselves received higher ratings ranging from 2.7 to 3. Women’s stigma ranking were notably lower, while men emphasized the importance of donor anonymity.

Conclusions
Sperm Banks hold a position of medical authority rather than being perceived as being commercial entity. The preservation of donor anonymity is widely accepted as a crucial element, prioritized over the requests for identity disclosure from recipients and offspring. Demographic parameters exhibit a strong and precise effects on participants’ perceptions.
Emotional and behavioural problems of left behind children in Lithuania: a comparative analysis of youth self-reports and parent/caregiver reports using ASEBA
Authors: Račaitė Justina , Antia Khatia , Winkler Volker , Lesinskienė Sigita , Sketerskienė Rita , Maceinaitė Rūta , Tracevskytė Ingrida , Dambrauskaitė Elena , Šurkienė Genė 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Children being left behind (LBC) in their home countries due to parental emigration is a global issue. Research shows that parents’ emigration negatively affects children’s mental health and well-being. Despite a high number of LBC, there is a dearth of data from Eastern European countries. The present study aims to collect and analyse self-reported data on LBC emotional and behavioural problems and compare children’s reports with those of parents/caregivers.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 24 Lithuanian schools, involving parents/caregivers and their children aged 12 to 17. We employed self-reported measures, including the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) tools – Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL 6/18) and Youth Self Report (YSR 11/18), to evaluate the emotional and behavioural problems of the children. These instruments had been translated, standardised, and validated for the Lithuanian population. Data collection took place between January 2022 and April 2023. In addition to descriptive analysis, multivariate regression was used to adjust for various sociodemographic factors.

Results
A total of 760 parents/caregivers and 728 of their children participated in the study. LBC exhibited higher total problem scores (57.7; 95% CI 52.0-63.4) compared to non-LBC (47.1; 95% CI 44.7-49.4). These differences were consistent across all YSR 11/18 problem scales. However, no significant differences were observed in CBCL 6/18 scores. Furthermore, LBC self-reported a higher total problem score (57.7; 95% CI 52.0-63.4) compared to their parents/caregivers (24.9; 95% CI 18.9-30.9), and this pattern persisted across all scales. Being female, having school-related problems and having LBC status were associated with higher YSR 11/18 scores in the multivariable regression, while female gender, living in rural areas, school-related problems, and having hobbies were associated with higher CBCL 6/18 scores.

Conclusion
This study highlights that LBC report more emotional and behavioural challenges than their non-LBC peers, while parent/caregiver assessments show lower problem scores for LBC. Gender, living environment, school-related issues, and engagement in hobbies have influenced these outcomes. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of the experiences of LBC and the importance of considering various contextual factors in understanding and addressing their emotional and behavioural well-being.
A molecular assessment of Ostertagia leptospicularis and Spiculopteragia asymmetrica among wild fallow deer in Northern Ireland and implications for false detection of livestock-associated species
Authors: Lyons Maggie , Brown Tony L. , Lahuerta-Marin Angela , Morgan Eric. R. , Airs Paul M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Wild deer populations utilizing livestock grazing areas risk cross-species transmission of gastrointestinal nematode parasites (GINs), including GINs with anthelmintic resistance (AR) traits. Wild deer have been shown to carry problematic GIN species such as Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus species in the UK, but the presence of livestock GINs in Northern Ireland deer populations is unknown. Also, is it not known whether AR traits exist among GINs of deer such as Ostertagia leptospicularis and Spiculopteragia asymmetrica in pastureland where anthelmintics are heavily used.

Methods
Adult-stage GIN samples were retrieved from Northern Irish wild fallow deer abomasa. Individual specimens were subject to a species-specific PCR analysis for common sheep and cattle GIN species with ITS-2 sequence analysis to validate species identities. In addition, the beta-tubulin gene was subject to sequencing to identify benzimidazole (BZ) resistance markers.

Results
ITS-2 sequencing revealed O. leptospicularis and S. asymmetrica, but species-specific PCR yielded false-positive hits for H. contortus, Teladorsagia circimcincta, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus and Ostertagia ostertagi. For beta-tubulin, O. leptospicularis and S. asymmetrica yielded species-specific sequences at the E198 codon, but no resistance markers were identified in either species at positions 167, 198 or 200 of the coding region.

Discussion
From this report, no GIN species of significance in livestock were identified among Northern Ireland fallow deer. However, false-positive PCR hits for sheep and cattle-associated GINs is concerning as the presence of deer species in livestock areas could impact both deer and livestock diagnostics and lead to overestimation of both GIN burden in deer and the role as of deer as drivers of these pathogens. ITS-2 sequences from both O. leptospicularis and S. asymmetrica show minor sequence variations to geographically distinct isolates. AR has been noted among GINs of deer but molecular analyses are lacking for GINs of wildlife. In producing the first beta-tubulin sequences for both O. leptospicularis and S. asymmetrica, we report no BZ resistance in this cohort.

Conclusions
This work contributes to genetic resources for wildlife species and considers the implications of such species when performing livestock GIN diagnostics.

Graphical Abstract
Digital design of a hybrid bone and tooth-supported surgical guide in patients with unilateral few remaining natural teeth: a dental technique
Authors: Abdelaziz Medhat Sameh , Elshikh Esraa M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA technique for the design of a hybrid tooth and bone-supported implant drilling guide is described. The patient was scanned using cone beam computed tomography and an optical intraoral scanner. The dicom file was segmented according to the area of interest composed of bone and the remaining natural teeth. The Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file was trimmed to only the teeth providing support, followed by merging between the bone and teeth files in one STL. The implant drilling guide was designed with the Real Guide software program, and the file was 3-dimensionally printed in clear surgical guide resin. This technique offers an accurate, cost-effective digitally designed implant placement guide for patients with long-span distal extension edentulous areas and few remaining natural dentitions providing distal bone support. It can also be used in patients with hemi maxillectomy for zygomatic implant placement. This type of surgical guide provides more accuracy in implant surgeries that require flab elevation by gaining more support from the remaining natural dentition.
Just give the contrast? Appraisal of guidelines on intravenous iodinated contrast media use in patients with kidney disease
Authors: Zhong Jingyu , Chen Liwei , Xing Yue , Lu Junjie , Shi Yuping , Wang Yibin , Deng Yi , Jiang Run , Lu Wenjie , Wang Silian , Hu Yangfan , Ge Xiang , Ding Defang , Zhang Huan , Zhu Ying , Yao Weiwu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
To appraise the quality of guidelines on intravenous iodinated contrast media (ICM) use in patients with kidney disease, and to compare the recommendations among them.

Methods
We searched four literature databases, eight guideline libraries, and ten homepages of radiological societies to identify English and Chinese guidelines on intravenous ICM use in patients with kidney disease published between January 2018 and June 2023. The quality of the guidelines was assessed with the Scientific, Transparent, and Applicable Rankings (STAR) tool.

Results
Ten guidelines were included, with a median STAR score of 46.0 (range 28.5–61.5). The guidelines performed well in “Recommendations” domain (31/40, 78%), while poor in “Registry” (0/20, 0%) and “Protocol” domains (0/20, 0%). Nine guidelines recommended estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 as the cutoff for referring patients to discuss the risk-benefit balance of ICM administration. Three guidelines further suggested that patients with an eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 and high-risk factors also need referring. Variable recommendations were seen in the acceptable time interval between renal function test and ICM administration, and that between scan and repeated scan. Nine guidelines recommended to use iso-osmolar or low-osmolar ICM, while no consensus has been reached for the dosing of ICM. Nine guidelines supported hydration after ICM use, but their protocols varied. Drugs or blood purification therapy were not recommended as preventative means.

Conclusion
Guidelines on intravenous ICM use in patients with kidney disease have heterogeneous quality. The scientific societies may consider joint statements on controversial recommendations for variable timing and protocols.

Critical relevance statement
The heterogeneous quality of guidelines, and their controversial recommendations, leave gaps in workflow timing, dosing, and post-administration hydration protocols of contrast-enhanced CT scans for patients with kidney diseases, calling for more evidence to establish a safer and more practicable workflow.

Key points
• Guidelines concerning iodinated contrast media use in kidney disease patients vary.
• Controversy remains in workflow timing, contrast dosing, and post-administration hydration protocols.
• Investigations are encouraged to establish a safer iodinated contrast media use workflow.

Graphical Abstract
The differences between carotid web and carotid web with plaque: based on multimodal ultrasonic and clinical characteristics
Authors: Hou Chao , Li Shuo , Zhang Lei , Zhang Wei , He Wen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to examine the clinical and multimodal ultrasonic characteristics differences between carotid web (CW) and CW with plaque as well as the potential risk factors for stroke caused by CW.

Methods
We retrospectively enrolled patients diagnosed with CW by CTA or high-resolution MRI (HRMRI) and simultaneously underwent contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and superb microvascular imaging examinations from January 2015 to October 2022. The CW angle was measured using computer-aided software. The variations between CW and CW with plaque were evaluated, and univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were utilized to identify possible risk predictors for stroke caused by CW.

Results
Two hundred ninety-nine patients with an average age of 60.85 (± 8.77) years were included. Sex, age, history of smoking, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, homocysteine level, and treatment, as well as web length and thickness, luminal stenosis, location wall, number, CW angle, and CEUS enhancement, were quite different among CW and CW with plaque patients (p < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that web length was an independent predictor of luminal stenosis in CW patients. For patients with CW and plaque, plaque and web thickness, as well as plaque enhancement, were associated with stenosis. Furthermore, luminal stenosis and plaque length were risk factors for symptoms.

Conclusion
The multimodal ultrasonic and clinical manifestations of CW and CW with plaque are quite different. Web length is an independent risk factor for carotid artery stenosis in CW patients, whereas luminal stenosis and plaque length were risk factors for symptoms in CW with plaque patients.

Critical relevance statement
Exploring the similarities and differences between the carotid web and the carotid web with plaque, based on the stereo-geometric spatial position relationship and hemodynamic changes, may provide further insights into the underlying mechanisms of stroke occurrence caused by the carotid web.

Key points
1. Multimodal ultrasonic and clinical manifestations of carotid web and carotid web with plaque are substantially different.
2. A thin triangular endoluminal defect is identified as a typical feature of the web on superb microvascular imaging, and two kinds of typical ultrasonic features of CW with plaque are also identified.
3. Web length is an independent risk factor for carotid stenosis in carotid web patients, whereas luminal stenosis and plaque length are risk factors for symptoms in patients with CW and plaque.

Graphical Abstract
PI-RADS v2.1 evaluation of prostate “nodule in nodule” variants: clinical, imaging, and pathological features
Authors: Sun MingHua , Xu Li , Zhang XiaoYan , Cao LiYu , Chen WenBao , Liu Kai , Wu Hao , Xie DongDong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To analyze the correlation among the imaging features of prostate “nodule in nodule,” clinical prostate indices, and pathology results.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the prostate images from 47 male patients who underwent MRI scans and pathological biopsy from January 2022 to July 2023. Two radiologists (R1/R2) evaluated the morphology and signal intensity of the “nodule in nodule” in a double-blind manner and calculated the PI-RADS v2.1 score, which was compared with clinical prostate indices and pathological results.

Results
34.04% (16/47) of patients were pathologically diagnosed with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), free/t PSA, PSA density (PSAD), and prostate gland volume (PGV) were significantly different between csPCa patients and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with prostate “nodule in nodule”. R1/R2 detected 17/17 prostate “nodule in nodule” pathologically confirmed as csPCa on MRI; 10.60% (16/151) (R1) and 11.11% (17/153) (R2) had diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) PI-RADS v2.1 score of 4, and 0.66% (1/151) (R1) had a score of 3. The percentages of encapsulated, circumscribed, and atypical nodules and obscured margins were 0.00% (0/151), 0.00% (0/151), 5.96% (9/151), and 5.30% (8/151), respectively, for R1, and 0.00% (0/153), 0.00% (0/153), 5.88% (9/153), and 4.58% (7/153) for R2.

Conclusion
When the inner nodules of “nodule in nodule” lesions in PI-RADS v2.1 category 1 in the TZ show incomplete capsulation or obscured margins, they are considered atypical nodules and might be upgraded to PI-RADS v2.1 category 3 if they exhibit marked diffusion restriction. However, further validation is needed.

Critical relevance statement
This study first analyzed the relationship between clinical and pathological findings and the size, margin, and multimodal MRI manifestations of the prostate “nodule in nodule.” These findings could improve the diagnostic accuracy of PI-RADS v2.1 for prostate lesions.

Key points
• The margin of the prostate inner nodules affects the PI-RADS v2.1 score.
• The morphology of prostate “nodule in nodule” is related to their pathology.
• The PI-RADS v2.1 principle requires consideration of prostate “nodule in nodule” variants.

Graphical Abstract
Cytoprotective role of human dental pulp stem cell-conditioned medium in chemotherapy-induced alopecia
Authors: Chen Hui , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Wang Yilin , Kaminogo Kento , Sakai Kiyoshi , Hibi Hideharu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is a distressing adverse effect of chemotherapy, with an estimated incidence of 65% and limited treatment options. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is a common alopecia-inducing chemotherapy agent. Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) secrete several paracrine factors that up-regulate hair growth. Conditioned medium (CM) collected from DPSCs (DPSC-CM) promotes hair growth; culturing mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxic conditions can enhance this effect.

Methods
The effect of DPSC-CM cultured under normoxic (N-) and hypoxic (H-) conditions against CYP-mediated cytotoxicity in keratinocytes was examined using cell viability assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay, and apoptosis detection. The damage-response pathway was determined in a well-established CIA mouse model by analyzing macroscopic effects, histology, and apoptosis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and Caspase-3/7 activity assay were used to investigate the impact of DPSC-CM on the molecular damage-response pathways in CYP-treated mice. The effect of post-CIA DPSC-CM application on post-CIA hair regrowth was analyzed by macroscopic effects and microstructure observation of the hair surface. Furthermore, to investigate the safety of DPSC-CM as a viable treatment option, the effect of DPSC-CM on carcinoma cell lines was examined by cell viability assay and a subcutaneous tumor model.

Results
In the cell viability assay, DPSC-CM was observed to increase the number of keratinocytes over varying CYP concentrations. Furthermore, it reduced the LDH activity level and suppressed apoptosis in CYP-treated keratinocytes. DPSC-CM exhibited the cytoprotective role in vivo via the dystrophic anagen damage-response pathway. While both N-CM and H-CM downregulated the Caspase-3/7 activity level, H-CM downregulated Caspase-3 mRNA expression. The proportion of post-CIA H-CM-treated mice with > 90% normal hair was nearly twice that of vehicle- or N-CM-treated mice between days 50 and 59 post-depilation, suggesting that post-CIA H-CM application may accelerate hair regrowth and improve hair quality. Furthermore, DPSC-CM suppressed proliferation in vitro in certain carcinoma cell lines and did not promote the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-VII) tumor growth rate in mice.

Conclusions
The potentiality of DPSC-CM and H-CM as a promising cytoprotective agent and hair regrowth stimulant, respectively, for CIA needs in-depth exploration.