bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumption and preference rates of the various larval stages of Allograpta exotica as biological control agents of Myzus persicae and Frankliniella gemina
Authors: Maza Noelia , Páez‐Jerez Paula Gabriela , Bressán Emilse , Funes Claudia Fernanda , Kirschbaum Daniel Santiago 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFruit and vegetable crops are affected by numerous arthropods, including aphids and thrips. Hoverfly adults are important pollinators, and their larvae are mainly aphid predators. Molecular studies on the stomach contents of larvae allowed to associate hoverflies with the consumption of other soft‐bodied arthropods, including thrips, with few records found in Neotropical hoverfly species. Allograpta exotica (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Syrphidae), a species widely distributed in the Americas, from the USA to Argentinian Patagonia, has been associated with numerous crops mainly affected by aphids, and to a lesser extent with whiteflies. The objective of this work was to assess the consumption and preference rates of various instars of A. exotica as biocontrol agents for two major insect pests, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Frankliniella gemina (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), under controlled laboratory conditions. Additionally, we morphologically characterized the three larval stages of A. exotica. We determined that all three instars of A. exotica consume both M. persicae and F. gemina, and that they kill more thrips than aphids. Still, A. exotica preferred M. persicae over F. gemina, even when the relative aphid availability decreased compared to F. gemina, although consumption of both prey types remained high. Interestingly, A. exotica second instars consumed four times more thrips than aphids. This study explored the potential use of one of the most common hoverfly species in fruit and vegetable crops as a biocontrol agent of aphids and thrips. Further laboratory and field studies should explore more deeply the potential of this Neotropical beneficial dipteran.
The natural history of luck: A synthesis study of structured population models
Authors: Hernández Christina M. , Ellner Stephen P. , Snyder Robin E. , Hooker Giles 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChance pervades life. In turn, life histories are described by probabilities (e.g. survival and breeding) and averages across individuals (e.g. mean growth rate and age at maturity). In this study, we explored patterns of luck in lifetime outcomes by analysing structured population models for a wide array of plant and animal species. We calculated four response variables: variance and skewness in both lifespan and lifetime reproductive output (LRO), and partitioned them into contributions from different forms of luck. We examined relationships among response variables and a variety of life history traits. We found that variance in lifespan and variance in LRO were positively correlated across taxa, but that variance and skewness were negatively correlated for both lifespan and LRO. The most important life history trait was longevity, which shaped variance and skew in LRO through its effects on variance in lifespan. We found that luck in survival, growth, and fecundity all contributed to variance in LRO, but skew in LRO was overwhelmingly due to survival luck. Rapidly growing populations have larger variances in LRO and lifespan than shrinking populations. Our results indicate that luck‐induced genetic drift may be most severe in recovering populations of species with long mature lifespan and high iteroparity.
Therapeutic choices and disease activity after 2 years of treatment with cladribine: An Italian multicenter study (CladStop)
Authors: Schiavetti Irene , Signori Alessio , Albanese Angela , Frau Jessica , Cocco Eleonora , Lorefice Lorena , di Lemme Sonia , Fantozzi Roberta , Centonze Diego , Landi Doriana , Marfia Girolama , Signoriello Elisabetta , Lus Giacomo , Zecca Chiara , Gobbi Claudio , Iodice Rosa , Malimpensa Leonardo , Cordioli Cinzia , Ferraro Diana , Ruscica Francesca , Pasquali Livia , Repice Anna , Immovilli Paolo , Ferrò Maria Teresa , Bonavita Simona , Di Filippo Massimiliano , Abbadessa Gianmarco , Govone Flora , Sormani Maria Pia ,   CladStop study group
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeCladribine tablets, a purine analogue antimetabolite, offer a unique treatment regimen, involving short courses at the start of the first and second year, with no further treatment needed in years 3 and 4. However, comprehensive evidence regarding patient outcomes beyond the initial 24 months of cladribine treatment is limited.MethodsThis retrospective, multicenter study enrolled 204 patients with multiple sclerosis who had completed the 2‐year course of cladribine treatment. The primary outcomes were therapeutic choices and clinical disease activity assessed by annualized relapse rate after the 2‐year treatment course.ResultsA total of 204 patients were enrolled; most patients (75.4%) did not initiate new treatments in the 12 months postcladribine. The study found a significant reduction in annualized relapse rate at the 12‐month follow‐up after cladribine completion compared to the year prior to starting therapy (0.07 ± 0.25 vs. 0.82 ± 0.80, p < 0.001). Furthermore, patients with relapses during cladribine treatment were more likely to start new therapies, whereas older patients were less likely. The safety profile of cladribine was favorable, with lymphopenia being the primary registered adverse event.ConclusionsThis study provides insights into therapeutic choices and disease activity following cladribine treatment. It highlights cladribine's effectiveness in reducing relapse rates and disability progression, reaffirming its favorable safety profile. Real‐world data, aligned with previous reports, draw attention to ocrelizumab and natalizumab as common choices after cladribine. However, larger, prospective studies for validation and a more comprehensive understanding of cladribine's long‐term impact are necessary.
A co‐created multimethod evaluation of recovery education in Ireland
Authors: O'Brien Ann , Murphy Louise , Hunt Amanda , Dwyer David , Hunter Andrew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis paper aims to explore the impact of recovery education on recovery knowledge, attitudes and the quality of life of students undertaking recovery education, contributing to the evidence base in relation to the impact of recovery education. It also explores the experiences of all stakeholders involved in the co‐facilitation, delivery and participation in recovery education.Setting and ParticipantsThis study evaluates the experiences of stakeholders involved in the co‐facilitation, delivery and participation in recovery education across four recovery colleges in Ireland. Participants included students undertaking recovery education, peer educators, education facilitators, recovery college coordinators and practitioner/service providers.DiscussionFindings from the quantitative survey when compared with extant literature suggest that students had a good understanding of recovery education. The social aspect of empowerment for growth and wellbeing was identified through themes relating to co‐production and facilitating student learning. Support for equitable access to recovery education, including co‐production for both the public and staff, was identified as a challenge for the future.ConclusionThe findings from both the qualitative and quantitative components of the study show the positive impact of recovery education on stakeholders while acknowledging the need for ongoing support for people working in recovery education and the development of services. In particular, there was a high level of recovery knowledge found in students undertaking recovery education.Patient or Public ContributionThis study utilised a co‐created study design. From inception a steering group comprising stakeholders (peer educators, recovery education facilitators including past recovery college students and nonpeer staff involved in the co‐production of recovery education) directed the conduct of the evaluation. This steering group participated in an iterative process of information sharing, suggestions for evaluation process and language.
Effects of a shared decision‐making implementation programme on patient‐centred communication in oncology—Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lindig Anja , Mannagottera Lotta , Hahlweg Pola , Sigl Hannah , Klimesch Anne , Zeh Stefan , Kriston Levente , Scholl Isabelle 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need for better implementation of patient‐centred (PC) communication and shared decision‐making (SDM) in routine cancer care.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess whether a programme to implement SDM in oncology had effects on PC communication in clinical encounters.DesignThis study constitutes a secondary analysis of data derived from an implementation trial applying a stepped wedge design that, among other strategies, incorporated training and coaching to enhance the PC communication skills of physicians.Setting and ParticipantsWe analysed audio recordings of clinical encounters collected in three departments of a comprehensive cancer centre in Germany before and after rolling out the implementation programme.Main Variables StudiedWe assessed the PC communication skills of physicians.Main Outcome MeasuresEach recording was rated by two researchers using the German version of the Four Habits Coding Scheme (4HCS), an observer‐based measure of PC communication. Interrater reliability of the outcome measure was acceptable but moderate. Demographic data of patients participating in audio recordings were analysed.MethodsData were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsIn total, 146 encounters, 74 before and 72 after implementation, were evaluated. The mean age of patients was 57.1 years (SD = 13.8), 70.3% were female, the largest portion of patients had medium formal education (32.4%) and were (self‐) employed (37.8%). No statistically significant effect of the implementation programme on the physicians' PC communication skills was found.DiscussionThe results indicate that the investigated programme to implement SDM in oncology, including training and coaching, had no effects on PC communication in clinical encounters. These results are in contrast to other studies that report the effects of specific training or coaching on PC communication. Reasons for the lack of effect include the short duration of our training compared to other studies, limited reliability and moderate interrater reliability of the 4HCS scale, limited reach of the intervention programme as well as the inclusion of physicians regardless of their exposure to the interventions.ConclusionFurther research is needed to develop implementation strategies that improve physicians' PC communication skills.Patient ContributionData on patients and clinical encounters with patients and physicians were analysed. There was no other patient or public involvement.
Low molecular weight peptides in tauco, a fermented soy product, associated to umami taste through peptidomics‐sensomics approach
Authors: Herlina Vika Tresnadiana , Lioe Hanifah Nuryani , Kusumaningrum Harsi Dewantari , Adawiyah Dede Robiatul 
Published: March 2024

SummaryUmami peptides from ultrafiltration fractions of tauco have never been revealed yet. This study's objective was to determine umami peptides by peptidomics‐sensomics approach followed by molecular docking on the ultrafiltration fractions of tauco with MWs <3 kDa from different regions of Indonesia. Sensory evaluation by taste dilution analysis to determine umami intensity and peptide identification by HR‐LC–MS/MS were conducted. Seventeen peptides were revealed to be associated with the intense umami taste of tauco fractions, having molecular weights of 1106–1760 Da. The molecular mechanism and binding energy affinity of the peptides to umami receptor T1R1/T1R3 heterodimer through molecular docking confirmed the result. Peptides IPVNKPGRF, DVFRAIPSEV, and DVTDVTGDRGVTVT are 3 of the 17 identified peptides which have the lowest binding energy to umami receptor T1R1/T1R3 at −9.4, −9.2, and −9.1 kcal mol−1, respectively. In addition, the molecular docking results indicated that His145, Asn68, Val277, and Ser67 of taste receptor type 1 member 3, T1R3 subunit, play critical roles in the binding with identified umami peptides by forming hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interaction.
Widely targeted metabolomics reveals the species‐specific, matureness‐specific and post‐harvest‐specific discriminations in the chemical profiles of Vietnamese endemic golden camellias
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Nhi , Do Thi Yen , Do Thi Nhung , Gontier Eric , Le Nguyen Ha Trang , Le Thi Van Anh , Mai Nga T.P. , Sato Muneo , Hirai Masami Yokota , Nguyen Thi Kieu Oanh 
Published: March 2024

SummaryVietnam is one of the countries with the highest diversity of golden camellias in the world, with more than forty endemic species. However, studies on Vietnamese golden camellias need to be expanded to fill a knowledge gap on these species' chemical profiles and pharmacological properties. This qualitative study focuses on six golden camellias: four endemic species from Tam Dao district, Vinh Phuc province, including Camellia hakodae, Camellia phanii, Camellia tamdaoensis, Camellia tienii and two species commonly cultivated in Quang Ninh province including Camellia petelotii and Camellia euphlebia. A mutual profile of 131 metabolites was obtained by using widely targeted metabolomics analysis using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Comparative metabolomics was performed among leaf extracts of six golden teas, between young and mature leaves and between freeze‐drying and oven‐drying leaves to discriminate these species, and determine the effect of developmental stage and post‐harvesting method on the plant metabolism. The PLS‐DA model successfully illustrated a clear separation of the six species and suggested apigenin C‐glycoside derivatives as chemical markers for the diversity. Young and mature leaves of all six species also produced distinguished metabolomes, differentiated by mostly amino acid derivatives. The multivariate analysis also indicated the conversion of some flavonoids and amino acids induced by heat in the drying process. These results offer metabolite markers for quality control of Vietnamese golden camellias and recommendations for their usage and preparation.
Trained immunity: General and emerging concepts
Authors: Vuscan Patricia , Kischkel Brenda , Joosten Leo A. B. , Netea Mihai G. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryOver the past decade, compelling evidence has unveiled previously overlooked adaptive characteristics of innate immune cells. Beyond their traditional role in providing short, non‐specific protection against pathogens, innate immune cells can acquire antigen‐agnostic memory, exhibiting increased responsiveness to secondary stimulation. This long‐term de‐facto innate immune memory, also termed trained immunity, is mediated through extensive metabolic rewiring and epigenetic modifications. While the upregulation of trained immunity proves advantageous in countering immune paralysis, its overactivation contributes to the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In this review, we present the latest advancements in the field of innate immune memory followed by a description of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning trained immunity generation and different cell types that mediate it. Furthermore, we explore its implications for various diseases and examine current limitations and its potential therapeutic targeting in immune‐related disorders.
It was better before COVID: The impact of the social relief of distress grant on the lives and livelihoods of South African day labourers in Tshwane
Authors: Venter Lodewalt , Blaauw Derick , Claassen Carike 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPersistent high unemployment in South Africa rendered many in the informal economy structurally vulnerable to shocks such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. The social relief of distress (SRD) grant was a government attempt to alleviate the pandemic's fallout. Given the lack of scholarly information on the impact and reach of the SRD grant within the informal economy, particularly on day labourers, this study investigates the impact of the SRD grant on the lives and livelihoods of South African day labourers in Tshwane, South Africa. The study adopted a qualitative research design, utilising in depth interviews, transcription, inductive qualitative coding and thematic analysis. Many day labourers could not access the SRD grant due to, for example the loss or absence of identity documents, and/or lack of Internet access and information on the application process. For those who received it, some pressure relating to the cost of transport and basic needs was alleviated. Occasionally, day labourers use it to supplement other funds to acquire specialised tools. Importantly, the grant was not a disincentive to continue their work‐seeking activities. The findings question the effectiveness of policy responses to economic crises within the informal sector.
Shared quantitative trait loci underlying root biomass and phenology in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Shaltouki‐Rizi Maliheh , Smith Nathan Evan , Brown‐Guedira Gina , Mohammadi Mohsen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the genetic mapping of root biomass and root/shoot ratio. We utilized a large (n = 345) bi‐parental recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from the ‘Penny’ × ‘Yecora‐Rojo’ cross to investigate the partitioning of biomass above‐ and belowground and to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that influence root biomass and root/shoot ratio. Genotyping of 345 RILs by using genotyping by sequencing produced 2918 single‐nucleotide polymorphism markers by which a genome‐wide map of 3507 cM was constructed. Phenotyping was conducted in an augmented design with large pots in controlled environment. We identified two significant QTL regions, QRt.peye‐5A and QRt.peye‐5B, which control root biomass and the root/shoot ratio. QRt.peye‐5A, marking a 3.15 Mbp region on chromosome 5A, explained 11% of variations in root biomass and 9.5% of variations in root/shoot ratio, with the narrow region harbouring 28 genes. QRt.peye‐5B, marking a 12.2 Mbp region on chromosome 5B, explained 7% of variations in root/shoot ratio and harbours 104 genes. The root/shoot ratio enhancing alleles at QRt.peye‐5A and QRt.peye‐5B come from ‘Penny’ and ‘Yecora‐Rojo’ respectively. These QTL regions contains genes such as the two MADS box transcription factors on the 5A QTL that are candidate genes for Vrn1 locus, and other genes previously postulated for root traits such as a COBRA‐like COBL2 and landmark hormonal responses genes such as IAA16, IAA4 and BRI1, DREB2A‐INTERACTING PROTEIN2 (DRIP2) and bHLH92 which has a role in amelioration of stress conditions.
Ecophysiological mechanisms underlying the positive relationship between seed protein concentration and yield in soybean under field heat and drought stress
Authors: Ergo Verónica V. , Veas Rodolfo E. , Vega Claudia R. C. , Lascano Ramiro , Carrera Constanza S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA positive relationship between protein concentration and yield has been documented in different combinations of genotype and environment, often under potential conditions. However, the ecophysiological bases underlying this positive relationship under heat stress (HS) and drought stress (DS) during seed filling are still lacking. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between seed protein content and concentration with yield in field experiments exposed to HS, DS and HS × DS interaction during the seed filling. Two field experiments were conducted and assimilates accumulation, remobilization and redistribution patterns were analysed in high and low seed protein soybean genotypes. The crop was exposed to four treatments: control (ambient temperature and soil water content near field capacity), HS (episodes above 32°C, 6 h d−1) during 15 days, DS (soil water content ≤25% of field capacity) during the whole seed filling and HS × DS. Significant and positive relationships between seed protein content and concentration with yield were observed across treatments and genotypes. Under DS and HS × DS, assimilates available during the seed filling decreased, and assimilates remobilization and partition to seeds were limited, responses significantly associated with seed protein content and concentration, and yield reductions. Furthermore, we demonstrated here that the high leaf N content at the beginning of seed filling, the short early reproductive phase duration, the high source to sink ratio and the high dry matter stem remobilization capacity, as well as the low seed number and high seed weight are intrinsic characteristics of the high protein genotype that could be associated with its high seed protein content and concentration and yield under stressful conditions. This knowledge is key to develop soybean management strategies to improve seed protein level and yield under contrasting productive scenarios.
The effects of initial and subsequent overweight or obesity on hypertension in the middle age
Authors: Pan Pei , Yang Ying , He Sen , Zhao Gang , Chen Xiao‐Ping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aims of our study were to examine whether initial or subsequent adiposity status had a greater effect on hypertension. We collected data in 1992 and again in 2007 from the same group of 597 individuals in the middle age. The subjects were classified into four groups: individuals with a normal body mass index (BMI) in 1992 and 2007 were in Group I; those with a normal BMI in 1992, but became overweight or obese in 2007 were in Group II; those who were overweight or obese in 1992, but had a normal BMI in 2007 were in Group III; and those who were overweight or obese in 1992 and 2007 were in Group IV. Their demographic data were recorded. The relationship between adiposity status and hypertension was analyzed using logistic regression model. The cumulative incidence of hypertension was 35.5%, 56.3%, 50.0%, and 65.1% for Group I to IV, respectively. Compared with Group I, after adjusted factors, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.80 for Group II (P = .001), 1.40 for Group III (P = .150), and 2.31 for Group IV (P < .001). Adiposity status in 2007 could predict hypertension (OR = 2.5, P < .001), as opposed to the initial adiposity status (P = .148). Subsequently adiposity status could have major effects on hypertension. Our society is very short of public health resources, particularly in developing countries, we should pay more attention to current adiposity status and encourage middle‐aged people to lose weight.