bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are clinically unimportant findings qualified as benign in lumbar spine imaging reports? A content analysis of plain X-ray, CT and MRI reports
Authors: Farmer Caitlin , Haas Romi , Wallis Jason , O’Connor Denise , Buchbinder Rachelle 
Published: March 2024

Background
Lumbar spine diagnostic imaging reports may cause patient and clinician concern when clinically unimportant findings are not explicitly described as benign. Our primary aim was to determine the frequency that common, benign findings are reported in lumbar spine plain X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports as either normal for age or likely clinically unimportant.

Methods
We obtained 600 random de-identified adult lumbar spine imaging reports (200 X-ray, 200 CT and 200 MRI) from a large radiology provider. Only reports requested for low back pain were included. From the report text, one author extracted each finding (e.g., ‘broad-based posterior disc bulge’) and whether it was present or absent (e.g., no disc bulge) until data saturation was reached, pre-defined as a minimum of 50 reports and no new/similar findings in the last ten reports within each imaging modality. Two authors independently judged whether each finding was likely clinically unimportant or important. For each likely clinicially unimportant finding they also determined if it had been explicitly reported to be benign (expressed as normal, normal for age, benign, clinically unimportant or non-significant).

Results
Data saturation was reached after coding 262 reports (80 X-ray, 82 CT, 100 MRI). Across all reports we extracted 3,598 findings. Nearly all reports included at least one clinically unimportant finding (76/80 (95%) X-ray, 80/82 (98%) CT, 99/100 (99%) MRI). Over half of the findings (n = 2,062, 57%; 272 X-Ray, 667 CT, 1123 MRI) were judged likely clinically unimportant. Most likely clinically unimportant findings (90%, n = 1,854) were reported to be present on imaging (rather than absent) and of those only 18% (n = 331) (89 (35%) X-ray, 93 (16%) CT and 149 (15%) MRI) were explicitly reported as benign.

Conclusion
Lumbar spine imaging reports frequently include findings unlikely to be clinically important without explicitly qualifying that they are benign.
Causes of death among women of reproductive age during the war in Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Abraha Hiluf Ebuy , Teka Hale , Legesse Awol Yemane , Ebrahim Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss , Tsadik Mache , Fisseha Girmatsion , Berhe Bereket , Ayele Brhane , Gebrekurstos Gebrehaweria , Gebremeskel Tesfit , Gebremariam Tsega , Hadush Martha Yemane , Hagos Tigist , Gebreegziabher Abraha , Muez Kibrom , Tesfay Haile , Godefay Hagos , Mulugeta Afework 
Published: March 2024

Background
In resource-limited countries with weak healthcare systems, women of reproductive age are particularly vulnerable during times of conflict. In Tigray, Ethiopia, where a war broke out on 04 November 2020, there is a lack of information on causes of death (CoD) among women of reproductive age. This study aims to determine the underlying CoD among women of reproductive age during the armed conflict in Tigray.

Methods
This community-based survey was carried out in six Tigray zones, excluding the western zone for security reasons. We used a multistage stratified cluster sampling method to select the smallest administrative unit known as Tabiya. Data were collected using a standardized 2022 WHO Verbal Autopsy (VA) tool. The collected data were analyzed using the InterVA model using R analytic software. The study reported both group-based and cause-specific mortality fractions.

Results
A total of 189,087 households were screened and 832 deaths were identified among women of reproductive age. The Global Burden of Disease classification showed that infectious and maternal disorders were the leading CoD, accounting for 42.9% of all deaths. External causes contributed to 26.4% of fatalities, where assault accounted for 13.2% of the deaths. Maternal deaths made up 30.0% of the overall mortality rate. HIV/AIDS was the primary CoD, responsible for 13.2% of all deaths and 54.0% of infectious causes. Other significant causes included obstetric hemorrhage (11.7%) and other and unspecified cardiac disease (6.6%).

Conclusions
The high proportion of infectious diseases related CoD, including HIV/AIDS, as well as the occurrence of uncommon external CoD among women, such as assault, and a high proportion of maternal deaths are likely the result of the impact of war in the region. This highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions to address these issues and prioritize sexual and reproductive health as well as maternal health in Tigray.
The effect of bubble nasal continuous positive airway pressure application on saliva cortisol levels in full-term neonates
Authors: Idrus Noor Fadli , Febriani Andi Dwi Bahagia , Alasiry Ema 
Published: March 2024

Background Neonates with respiratory distress are commonly treated with bubble nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) and undergo many procedures that cause stress-induced pain. Salivary cortisol is a biomarker of alteration in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis caused by repeated and long-term exposure to stress.
Objective To analyze the effect of bubble nCPAP use on salivary cortisol levels in full-term infants.
Methods This study used a one-group pre-test­–post-test design to compare salivary cortisol levels before and 30 minutes after bubble nCPAP application. Salivary cortisol was measured using an ELISA method. Pain was also assessed at the same time points using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) score. We included infants of 37 0/7 to 42 6/7 weeks’ gestational age with respiratory distress necessitating bubble nCPAP application. Infants with birth weight of <2,500 grams, major congenital anomalies, an APGAR score of <5 at 5 minutes, shock, and infants who had undergone surgery were excluded.
Results A total of 38 subjects participated in this study. Prior to bubble nCPAP application, median cortisol levels were significantly lower (1.65 ng/mL) than after bubble nCPAP application (6.8 ng/mL) (p value?). There were no significant differences in cortisol increase based on gender, type of birth, or salivary cortisol sampling time. There were significant differences in pain level after the 30-minute nCPAP application.
Conclusion An increase in cortisol levels and pain scale scores during administration of bubble nCPAP indicates a pain response in full-term neonates; therefore, this procedure should be accompanied by pain or stress management.
Low-level red-light therapy as a novel modality for myopia control in children: A systematic review
Authors: Dewi Arlin Chyntia , Budihardja Brigitta Marcia , Jutamulia Jovita 
Published: March 2024

Background Due to the COVID-19 pandemic causing a rise in digital technology use, online e-learning, and decreased outdoor time, the prevalence of myopia is expected to increase. Therefore, finding an effective strategy for myopia progression control is of high importance. Low-level red-light therapy (LLRT) has been proposed as a new modality in myopia progression control.
Objective To assess the efficacy of LLRT for myopia control in children.
Methods A comprehensive literature search of four online databases (PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest, and WorldCat) was performed. We included original studies that assessed the efficacy of LLRT for myopia control in children and excluded animal studies, case reports, articles with no full-text available, and articles not in English. Risk of bias assessment was performed using different tools according to the study type. The main outcome measurements were changes in axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER).
Results Three clinical studies, two randomized controlled trials and one retrospective cohort study, were reviewed. A total of 296 children in the treatment group were evaluated. Children using single-vision spectacle only or orthokeratology lenses were evaluated for comparison. All studies had reported significantly improved outcomes, with lower mean AL changes and greater SER improvement in the LLRT group compared to the control group (P<0.001 in all studies).
Conclusion Although studies on LLRT are still limited, the treatment has shown promising results for myopia control in children. More studies to evaluate the efficacy of this new strategy are needed.
Optimal control and bifurcation analysis of SEIHR model for COVID-19 with vaccination strategies and mask efficiency
Authors: Muthu Poosan Moopanar , Kumar Anagandula Praveen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this article, we present a susceptible, exposed, infected, hospitalized and recovered compartmental model for COVID-19 with vaccination strategies and mask efficiency. Initially, we established the positivity and boundedness of the solutions to ensure realistic predictions. To assess the epidemiological relevance of the system, an examination is conducted to ascertain the local stability of the endemic equilibrium and the global stability across two equilibrium points are carried out. The global stability of the system is demonstrated using Lyapunov’s direct method. The disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number (BRN) is less than one, whereas the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when BRN is greater than one. A sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the influential factors in the BRN. The impact of various time-dependent strategies for managing and regulating the dynamic transmission of COVID-19 is investigated. In this study, Pontryagin’s maximum principle for optimal control analysis is used to identify the most effective strategy for controlling the disease, including single, coupled, and threefold interventions. Single-control interventions reveal physical distancing as the most effective strategy, coupled measures reduce exposed populations, and implementing all controls reduces susceptibility and infections.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis for monitoring the fishy odor of anchovy oil
Authors: Zheng Kaiwen , Luo Xianqing , Song Shijun , Dong Ruijuan , Wang Pinmei , Xu Bubin , Xu Jinzhong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The fishy odor of fish oil, a popular nutritional supplement, affects its quality as well as consumer acceptance and eating experience. An objective or scientific method for analyzing fish oil’s olfactory characteristics is still lacking. This study examined anchovy oil to develop qualitative and quantitative approaches for identifying fishy odor components. Multiple fish oil refining samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Due to their significant alterations during fish oil refining, low threshold values, and distinct olfactory properties, the unsaturated aldehydes (E)-2-pentenal and (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal and the unsaturated ketone 1-penten-3-one may contribute to the fishy odor. Among the chemicals, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal was chosen as the marker for developing a method to quantify fishy odor and analyze deodorization samples using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The quantitative study of fishy odor in fish oil is a pioneering approach that can help improve quality assurance and refining process.
Current clinical practices of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC)
Authors: Acs Miklos , Babucke Maximilian , Jusufi Maximilian , Kaposztas Zsolt , Slowik Przemyslaw , Hornung Matthias , Schlitt Hans J. , Panczel Ivan , Hevesi Judit , Herzberg Jonas , Strate Tim , Piso Pompiliu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Treatment of peritoneal surface malignancies makes physicians face demanding and new-fangled problems, as there are many uncertain aspects considering the outcomes of affected patients’ prognoses. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are associated with favorable long-term outcomes in carefully selected patients with peritoneal metastases (PM). We aim to summarize the current results about the initial malignancies and their peritoneal spreads. The current literature has been scrutinized, and studies between 2016 and 2022 were included wherein long-term, progression-free (PFS), and overall survival (OS) data were considered relevant information. Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar have been the main sources. Hereby, we cover all the primer malignancies: gastric, ovarian, and colorectal cancers with peritoneal metastases (PM), malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, and pseudomyxoma peritonei. Examining the advances in the current peer-reviewed literature about the indications of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), target groups, risk factors, and other influencing elements, we intend to provide a complex state-of-the-art report, establishing the relevant aspects of that emerging treatment method.
Marine polymers in tissue bioprinting: Current achievements and challenges
Authors: Banach-Kopeć Adrianna , Mania Szymon , Tylingo Robert 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bioprinting has a critical role in tissue engineering, allowing the creation of sophisticated cellular scaffolds with high resolution, shape fidelity, and cell viability. Achieving these parameters remains a challenge, necessitating bioinks that are biocompatible, printable, and biodegradable. This review highlights the potential of marine-derived polymers and crosslinking techniques including mammalian collagen and gelatin along with their marine equivalents. While denaturation temperatures vary based on origin, warm-water fish collagen and gelatin emerge as promising solutions. Building on the applications of mammalian collagen and gelatin, this study investigates their marine counterparts. Diverse research groups present different perspectives on printability and cell survival. Despite advances, current scaffolds are limited in size and layers, making applications such as extensive skin burn treatment or tissue regeneration difficult. The authors argue for the development of bioprinting, which includes spherical and adaptive printing. In adaptive printing, layers differentiate and propagate sequentially to overcome the challenges of multilayer printing and provide optimal conditions for the growth of deeply embedded cells. Moving the boundaries of bioprinting, future prospects include transformative applications in regenerative medicine.
Impact of carotid stenosis on the outcome of stroke patients submitted to reperfusion treatments: a narrative review
Authors: Viticchi Giovanna , Falsetti Lorenzo , Altamura Claudia , Di Felice Chiara , Vernieri Fabrizio , Bartolini Marco , Silvestrini Mauro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Intravenous thrombolysis (IT) and mechanical thrombectomy (MD) are the two interventional approaches that have changed the outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Ipsilateral and contralateral carotid stenosis (ICS, CCS) play an important role in regulating cerebral hemodynamics, both in chronic and acute situations such as AIS. Several studies have explored their role in the incidence and severity of stroke, but very few have investigated the possible impact of ICS and CCS on the efficacy of interventional procedures. The purpose of this review was to I) highlight the incidence and prevalence of carotid stenosis (CS); II) assess the impact of ICS and CCS on cerebral hemodynamics; III) evaluate the effect of carotid stenosis on the efficacy of interventional therapies (IT and MT) for AIS; and IV) report therapeutic complications related to CS. We searched PubMed/Medline for case reports, reviews, and original research articles on English-language review topics during the period from January 1, 2000 to October 1, 2023. CS is associated with 15–20 % of the total number of AIS. ICS and CCS had a negative influence on both cerebral hemodynamics before AIS and outcome after interventional procedures (IT, MT alone or in bridging). Available data on cerebral hemodynamics and efficacy of interventional therapies for AIS suggest a negative role of CS. Therefore, early diagnosis of CS may be considered relevant to preventive and post-stroke treatment strategies.
The association of hemodynamic parameters and clinical demographic variables with acute postoperative pain in female oncological breast surgery patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: van Rijbroek Lieselotte S. , Noordergraaf Gerrit J. , de Man-van Ginkel Janneke M. , van Boekel Regina L. M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Appropriate administration of intraoperative analgesia is an essential factor in care and reasonable recovery times. Inappropriate intraoperative analgesia puts the patient at risk of acute postoperative pain (APOP). The absence of an objective standard for intraoperative nociceptive monitoring complicates pain care. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) have been suggested as useful parameters during general anesthesia for nociceptive monitoring. However, studies focusing on whether intraoperative heart rate variability (HRv) and mean arterial blood pressure variability (MABPv) during general anesthesia can accurately monitor nociception in patients have remained inconclusive. The current study aimed to (1) identify the association of intraoperative heart rate and blood pressure variability in patients undergoing low-risk surgery with the incidence of APOP in the immediate postoperative setting and (2) evaluate the associations of clinical demographic factors with the incidence of APOP.

Methods
A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted. The outcome was moderate-to-severe APOP, defined as a numeric rating scale score of

≥

\ge

4. HRv, MABPv, and potential confounders, such as age, body mass index, duration of surgery, smoking, depression, preoperative use of analgesics, and type of surgery, were used as independent variables.

Results
Data from 764 female oncological breast surgery patients were analyzed. No statistically significant association of HRv and MABPv with APOP was found. Lower age was associated with higher odds of APOP (odds ratio [OR] 0.978, p = 0.001). Increased length of surgery (OR 1.013, p = 0.022) and a history of depression were associated with increased odds of APOP (OR 2.327, p = 0.010). The subtype of surgery was statistically significantly associated with APOP (p = 0.006).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that heart rate and blood pressure variability intraoperatively, in female patients undergoing low-risk surgery, are not associated with, and thus not predictive of, APOP in the immediate postoperative setting.
Investigation on effect of injector orifice diameter on injector atomization and combustion characteristics of pulse detonation combustor
Authors: Ding-Ding Wang , Long-Xi Zheng , Jie Lu , Wen-Hao Tan , Qing Li 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To reduce the fuel consumption rate of the pulse detonation combustor (PDC), an experimental study was carried out to study the influence of the injector aperture on the atomization particle size of the pneumatic atomization injector and its combustion characteristics of the PDC. The test used gasoline\air as the fuel and oxidant, tested the atomization particle size and obtained the detonation characteristics of PDC. The research results show that the atomization particle size of the injector under the three apertures decreases with the increase of the mixed air volume and increases with the increase of the fuel flow rate. The injector atomization effect is better when the aperture is 1.4 mm, the atomization particle size range is 71.8–119.8 μm. PDC using different injectors can achieve stable operation in the range of 5–20 Hz. Under the same working conditions, the smaller the injector aperture, the higher the average detonation pressure of the PDC.
Feasibility of active surveillance in patients with clinically T1b papillary thyroid carcinoma ≤1.5 cm in preoperative ultrasonography: MASTER study
Authors: Ju Sang-Hyeon , Ji Yong Bae , Song Minchul , Lim Joung Youl , Heo Da Beom , Kim Min-Gyu , Chang Jae Won , Won Ho-Ryun , Kang Yea Eun , Ku Eu Jeong , Kim Mijin , Lee Eun Kyung , Choi June Young , Yu Hyeong Won , Park Young Joo , Choe Jun-Ho , Koo Bon Seok , _ _ 
Published: March 2024

Objective
Active surveillance (AS) is generally accepted as an alternative to immediate surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) measuring ≤1.0 cm (cT1a) without risk factors. This study investigated the clinicopathologic characteristics of PTCs measuring ≤2.0 cm without cervical lymph node metastasis (cT1N0) by tumor size group to assess the feasibility of AS for PTCs between 1.0 cm and 1.5 cm (cT1b≤1.5).

Design
This study enrolled clinically T1N0 patients with preoperative ultrasonography information (n= 935) from a cohort of 1259 patients who underwent lobectomy and were finally diagnosed with PTC from June 2020 to March 2022.

Results
The cT1b≤1.5 group (n = 171; 18.3 %) exhibited more lymphatic invasion and occult central lymph node (LN) metastasis with a higher metastatic LN ratio than the cT1a group (n = 719; 76.9 %). However, among patients aged 55 years or older, there were no significant differences in occult central LN metastasis and metastatic LN ratio between the cT1a, cT1b≤1.5, and cT1b>1.5 groups. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that occult central LN metastasis was associated with age, sex, tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, and lymphatic invasion in patients under 55, while in those aged 55 or older, it was associated only with age and lymphatic invasion.

Conclusion
For PTC patients aged 55 years or older with cT1b≤1.5, AS could be a viable option due to the absence of a significant relationship between tumor size and occult central LN.
Labor Market Guardian: How Can Antitrust Ensure Fair Competition on Labor Markets?
Authors: Winckler Antoine , Lonmon Ariane 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the focus of both academia and competition authorities in competition law has been shifting quickly. Going beyond their traditional roles as defined on the basis of the 1980s post-Chicago paradigms, regulators, economists, and lawyers are increasingly examining whether and to what extent competition law can address new and pressing issues like the climate crisis, welfare distribution/inequality, or the labor market.