bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Src transformation of colonic epithelial cells: Enhanced anchorage‐independent growth in an Apc+/min background
Authors: Constancio‐Lund Sabata S. , Brabek Jan , Hanks Steven K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractColon cancer arises through a multistep process involving inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins and activation of oncogene‐encoded proteins. Development of colon cancer frequently involves mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor. The activity of the proto‐oncogene‐encoded Src tyrosine kinase is commonly elevated in colon cancer, with higher activity observed as tumors progress and metastasize. Both APC and Src are multifunctional proteins that have been implicated in the control of cell proliferation, but also as regulators of cytoskeletal changes associated with cell motility and invasion. To investigate the potential for biological cooperativity between APC partial loss‐of‐function and Src gain‐of‐function, oncogenic Src was stably expressed in mouse colon epithelial cell lines IMCE (APC+/min) and YAMC (APC+/+). Under permissive growth conditions, these lines are conditionally immortalized through inactivation of p53. Irrespective of the APC genotype or p53 status, oncogenic Src expression led to morphologic transformation associated with loss of cell–cell junctions, cytoskeletal disorganization, and acquisition of invasive properties. However IMCE cells that carry one copy of the mutant APCmin allele exhibited increased capacity for Src‐mediated anchorage‐independent proliferation as compared to the YAMC cells, and this property was enhanced under permissive growth conditions. β‐catenin levels and transcriptional activity were also elevated in the Src‐transformed IMCE cells. The selective Src inhibitor, AZD0530, was found to be effective in blocking both cell invasion and anchorage‐independent proliferation. These findings suggest that the combined effects of elevated Src activity and APC partial loss‐of‐function may contribute to the growth of colon tumors. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrasonic detection of hydrophobic interactions: a quantitative approach
Authors: Tuulmets Ants , Järv Jaak , Salmar Siim , Cravotto Giancarlo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractKinetic effects of sonication on ester hydrolysis and tert‐butyl chloride solvolysis, studied in ethanol–water binary solvent, are discussed in terms of quantitative relationships between their magnitude and the hydrophobicity of reagents. A number of conclusions were drawn from the observed linear free‐energy (LFE) relationships. Independent of reaction mechanism, the decrease in reaction rates with increasing ethanol content in the solvent is mainly due to hydrophobic stabilization of the ground state. While hydrophobic species can be hidden in the ethanol clusters present in the region XEtOH > 0.15, at lower ethanol contents hydrophobic reagents are weakly solvated and the hydrophobic stabilization can be easily overcome by sonication. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospective blinded comparison of surface versus wire electromyographic analysis of muscle recruitment in shoulder instability
Authors: Jaggi Anju , Malone Alex A. , Cowan Joseph , Lambert Simon , Bayley Ian , Cairns Mindy C 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground. This pilot study assesses level of agreement between surface and fine‐wire electromyography (EMG), in order to establish if surface is as reliable as fine wire in the diagnosis and treatment of abnormal muscle patterning in the shoulder. Method. Eighteen participants (11 female) with unstable shoulders were recruited after written consent and ethical approval. Anthropometric information and mean skinfold size for triceps, subscapular, biceps and suprailiac sites were obtained. Triple‐stud self‐adhesive surface electrodes ('Triode'; Thermo Scientific, Physio Med Services, Glossop, Derbyshire, England) were placed over pectoralis major (PM), latissimus dorsi (LD), anterior deltoid (AD) and infraspinatus (IS) at standardized locations. Participants performed five identical uniplanar standard movements (flexion, abduction, external rotation, extension and cross‐body adduction). After a 20‐minute rest period, a dual‐needle technique for fine‐wire insertion was performed and the standard movements were repeated. An experienced examiner in each technique reported if muscle activation patterns differed from agreed normal during any movement and were blinded to the other test results. Sensitivity, specificity and Kappa values for level of agreement between methods were calculated for each muscle according to the method of Altman (1991). Results. Fifteen participants were successfully tested. Sensitivity, specificity and Kappa values between techniques for each muscle were PM (57%, 50%, 0.07), LD (38%, 85%, 0.22), AD (0%, 76%, −0.19) and IS (85%, 75%, 0.6). Only IS demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity and a moderate level of agreement between the two techniques. There was no correlation between skinfold size and agreement levels. Conclusion. The use of surface EMG may help to classify types of shoulder instability and recognize abnormal muscle patterns. It may allow physiotherapists to direct specific rehabilitation strategies, avoiding strengthening of inappropriate muscles. It has a reasonable degree of confidence to evaluate IS but may have poor sensitivity in detecting abnormal patterns in PM, LD and AD. Further work is required to see if investigator interpretation may have been a factor for the poor level of agreement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulated SEM images for resolution measurement
Authors: Cizmar P. , Vladár A. E. , Ming B. , Postek M. T. ,   for the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Published: July 2008

AbstractResolution is a key performance metric, which often defines the quality of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Traditionally, there is the subjective measurement of the distance between two points on special “resolution” samples and there are several computer‐based resolution‐calculation methods. These computer‐based resolution‐calculation methods are much more precise than direct measurement, but none of them can currently be considered an objective way of measuring the resolution. The methods are still under development; therefore, objective testing is necessary. One approach to algorithm testing is to use simulated images. Simulated images are very useful for this purpose because they can be well‐defined in all parameters unlike the real SEM images. Simulated images can be generated that closely mimic the gold‐on‐carbon SEM test sample images that usually consist of bright grains on a dark background. Simulation can account for edge effect, roughness of the substrate, different focusing, drift and vibration, and noise. Shapes, positions, and sizes of the grain structures are random. The simulated images can be then used for testing the resolution‐calculation methods, especially for finding how the particular properties of SEM images affect the resultant instrument performance and image resolution. To support this testing, NIST has developed and made available a reference set of simulated SEM images generated using the methods described in this article. SCANNING 30: 381–391, 2008. Published 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A prospective randomized clinical trial of urethral catheter removal following elective cesarean delivery
Authors: Onile T.G. , Kuti O. , Orji Ernest O. , Ogunniyi Solomon O. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo compare immediate and 24‐hour postoperative removal of urethral catheters for elective cesarean delivery.MethodA prospective randomized trial of 200 women admitted for elective cesarean delivery where the urethral catheter was removed 24 hours postoperatively or immediately after the procedure. Urine samples were collected preoperatively and 72 hours postoperatively for microscopy, culture, and sensitivity (MCS). Outcome measures included preoperative and 72‐hour postoperative urine MCS, postoperative morbidities, and length of hospital stay.ResultsThere were no significant differences in postoperative urinary retention (P = 0.986), dysuria (P = 0.188), urgency (P = 0.134), fever (P = 1.000), 72‐hour postoperative urine MCS (P = 0.489), and length of hospital stay (P = 0.879) between the 2 groups. There was a non‐significant lower incidence of positive urine culture 72 hours postoperatively for women in the immediate removal group compared with those who were catheterized for 24 hours (8.1% vs 11.2%; P = 0.489).ConclusionImmediate postoperative removal of a urethral catheter after elective cesarean delivery may be associated with a lower risk of urinary infection.
Diversity of marine yeasts with high protein content and evaluation of their nutritive compositions
Authors: Chi Zhenming , Yan Kuiran , Gao Lingmei , Li Jing , Wang Xianghong , Wang Lin 
Published: July 2008

A total of 327 yeast strains from seawater, sediments, mud of salterns, guts of the marine fish and marine algae were obtained. After crude protein of the yeasts was estimated by the method of Kjehldahl, we found that eight strains of the marine yeasts grown in the medium with 20 g l−1 glucose contained more than 30.4 g protein per 100 g of cell dry weight. The results of routine identification and molecular methods show that they belong to Metschnikowa reukaui, Cryptococcus aureus, Aureobasidium pullulan, Yarrowia lipolytica and Hanseniaspora uvarum, respectively. With the exception of Aureobasidium pullulans 4#2 with nucleic acid of 7.7% (w/w), all other yeast strains contained less than 5.0% (w/w) of nucleic acid. Analysis of fatty acids shows that all the yeast strains tested had a large amount of C18:0 and C18:1 fatty acids while analysis of amino acids indicates that the yeast strains tested had a large amount of essential amino acids, especially lysine and leucine which are very important nutritive components for marine animals.
Egg volume, energy content and fatty acid profile ofMaja brachydactyla(Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae) during embryogenesis
Authors: Figueiredo Joana , Narciso Luís 
Published: July 2008

Fatty-acid and energy content ofMaja brachydactylaeggs at different developmental stages (recently spawned, half-developed and ready to hatch) were analysed in order to understand what is being consumed and produced during the embryonic development. Egg volume increased during development (34%, 0.187 to 0.285 mm3, N = 270) and was negatively correlated with egg energy and fatty-acid content (r = −0.80 and r = −0.46, respectively), which decreased through embryogenesis. The most consumed fatty acids were the PUFA (21.2 μg · mg dw−1), followed by the SFA (18.8 μg · mg dw−1) and MUFA (14.9 μg · mg dw−1). Palmitic (16:0), oleic (18:1n-9) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n-3) acids were preferentially consumed (13.14, 9.21 and 8.67 μg · mg dw−1, respectively). The fatty acid composition found inM. brachydactylaeggs reflected the habitat and omnivorous and detritivorous scanvenger diet of the adults, although the consumption of algae was more important than previously thought, at least in the area where these adults were captured. Pre-hatching eggs have a high PUFA content (64.5 μg · mg dw−1or 46.3% of the egg fatty-acid content). We conclude that larvae of this species might need a diet rich in PUFA, particularly EPA and DHA, for successful development. From the culture perspective, live preys commonly used in aquaculture will likely require to be enriched with DHA.
Evaluation of PCR methods for fixed bivalve larvae
Authors: Sawada Hideki , Saito Hajime , Hosoi Masatomi , Toyohara Haruhiko 
Published: July 2008

Investigating the spatio-temporal patterns of planktonic larvae is fundamental to studies regarding stock assessment and larval dispersal of commercial and non-commercial, i.e. invasive or rare marine invertebrates. Because of the difficulty involved in morphological identification of marine invertebrate larvae, various molecular methods based on PCR have been used to enhance taxonomic resolution. In previous studies, different methods for the preservation or pretreatment of larvae were applied in each case. However, no comparative studies have been conducted to determine the optimal method for PCR testing for bivalve larvae, and no information is available regarding the selection of an appropriate method.This study compared the PCR success rate of 6 pretreatment methods for larvae of the Mediterranean blue mussel, which was preserved using different fixatives (70% ethanol, 100% ethanol, 70% acetone and 10% formalin). The results revealed that the success rate of PCR was different for each pretreatment; moreover, the use of ammonium sulphate and Tween 20 buffer with proteinase K digestion was found to be the most effective method. Some pretreatments showed lower success rates for long-fixed larvae than for short-fixed larvae for formalin-fixed larvae; however, the success rate of PCR amplification for ethanol-fixed larvae pretreated by this method did not decrease through 1-year fixation. In addition, this pretreatment showed a high success rate for different fixation periods. These findings suggest that the selection of the pretreatment method is critically important for successfully amplifying larval DNA and that the pretreatment involving the use of ammonium sulphate prior to PCR amplification enables the use of fixatives for preserving bivalve larvae. This method will be utilized in various field studies and molecular genetic studies.
Emotional and behavioural antecedents of young adults who screen positive for non-affective psychosis: a 21-year birth cohort study
Authors: Welham J. , Scott J. , Williams G. , Najman J. , Bor W. , O'Callaghan M. , McGrath J. 
Published: July 2008

BackgroundBirth cohort studies have shown that individuals who develop non-affective psychoses display subtle deviations in behaviour during childhood and adolescence. We had the opportunity to examine the widely used Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Youth Self-Report (YSR) to explore the antecedents of non-affective psychosis.MethodBased on a birth cohort of 3801 young adults, psychopathology was assessed at years 5 and 14 using the CBCL and/or the YSR. Screen-positive non-affective psychosis (SP-NAP) was assessed at year 21 by using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) or a self-report checklist. The association between childhood symptoms and SP-NAP was examined using logistic regression.ResultsOf the cohort, 60 subjects were classified as SP-NAP. In males, SP-NAP was associated with higher scores: (a) on year 5 CBCL ‘Total’, ‘Aggression’ and ‘Social, Attention and Thought’ scores; (b) on year 14 CBCL ‘Social’, ‘Attention’ and ‘Delinquency’ scores, and (c) YSR ‘Total’ and many YSR subscores. These associations were less clear for females. Hallucinations at year 14 were associated with SP-NAP for both sexes. Boys with high ‘Total’ scores at both years 5 and 14 were at greatest risk of SP-NAP (a 5-fold risk), followed by boys and girls whose ‘Social, Attention and Thought’ scores either increased or remained high from years 5 to 14 (3- to 13-fold risk).ConclusionsIndividuals who screen positive for non-affective psychosis show increased psychopathology during childhood and adolescence. The psychopathological trajectory of children who go on to develop schizophrenia anticipates the heterogeneity associated with the full clinical syndrome.
On the forcing mechanism for the H2-driven deep biosphere
Authors: Hellevang Helge 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHeat produced in the mantle and core of the Earth by the decay of radioactive elements and mineral fusion results in large-scale mantle convection. The outer shell of the Earth that floats on the convective mantle is divided into rigid lithospheric plates. Subduction of dense cold plates into the mantle leads to plate tectonics. At divergent plate margins, heat is dissipated through hydrothermal convection cells. As ocean water is entrained into hydrothermal cells it interacts with fresh magmatic rocks and liberates ferrous iron. This iron reduces the ocean water to such an extent that it decomposes and forms hydrogen. Molecular hydrogen, as the most reduced component in the system, forms a basal component to a deep dark biosphere powered by metastable redox gradients. In this paper we review the driving force behind a hydrogen-driven deep biosphere. We present abundant observations of hydrogen produced at natural hydrothermal settings as well as in laboratory experiments. The key mineral reactions responsible for the bulk of this hydrogen production are then presented. A division of the reaction progression into an oxidized state and a reduced state is suggested. The amount of hydrogen produced is insignificant in the oxidized state whereas it becomes proportional to the amount of ferrous iron oxidized in the reduced state. The bulk of basalt-hosted aquifers are expected to reside in the oxidized state because of the low content of ferrous minerals, whereas abundant olivine in ultramafic-hosted systems is responsible for large-scale hydrogen production. Today the majority of the seafloor is basaltic. The Archean seafloor on the other hand consisted of fewer ultramafic exposures, but was dominated by ultramafic magnesium-rich lavas with a higher potential for hydrogen production than the present seafloor.
Does it pay to be SMarT?*
Authors: FINDLEY T. SCOTT , CALIENDO FRANK N. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe Save More Tomorrow™ (or SMarT) plan has proven effective in raising employee saving rates and appears to be popular among participants and the media. An important question has remained on the minds of economists despite this success: just how close does the prescriptive SMarT plan come to approximating the normative life-cycle/permanent-income consumption rule? That is, does it pay (in a lifetime utility sense) to participate in a SMarT plan? We attempt to provide some rigorous answers to this question by employing a quantitative-theoretic model to perform dynamic welfare analysis, and our results tend to support the SMarT plan as a decent first approximation to the life-cycle/permanent-income rule. We also consider the problem of an altruistic employer seeking to maximize the lifetime utility of employees by appropriately choosing the default SMarT parameters in the face of employee heterogeneity in saving rates and uncertainty about whether they will actually stick with the plan. The employer's problem is augmented to include employee heterogeneity concerning risk taking, and we also consider the possibility that SMarT saving may be met with increased borrowing.
The understanding of the FK5 and Hipparcos proper-motion systems
Authors: Zhu Z. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractComparing proper motions of the FK5 and Hipparcos, several authors declared that the two proper-motion systems are inconsistent with the value of the precession correction obtained from VLBI and LLR observations. Based on the proper-motion data from the PPM and ACRS catalogues which are constructed on the FK5 system, the inconsistent values of the precessional correction and of the time-dependent term of equinox correction, derived from the different subsets of stellar samples, have been found. One of the reasons for those discrepancies should be mostly due to the internally biased proper-motion system of the FK5.
HST FGS astrometry – the value of fractional millisecond of arc precision
Authors: Benedict G. F. , McArthur B. E. , Bean J. L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn a few years astrometry with the venerable combination of Hubble Space Telescope and Fine Guidance Sensor will be replaced by SIM, Gaia, and long-baseline interferometry. Until then we remain a resource of choice for sub-millisecond of arc precision optical astrometry. As examples we discuss 1) the uses which can be made of our parallaxes of Galactic Cepheids, and 2) the determination of perturbation orbital elements for several exoplanet host stars, yielding true companion masses.
Astrometry of the solar system: the ground-based observations
Authors: Arlot J.-E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe main goal of the astrometry of solar system objects is to build dynamical models of their motions to understand their evolution, to determine physical parameters and to build accurate ephemerides for the preparation and the exploitation of space missions. For many objects, the ground-based observations are still very important because radar or observations from space probes are not available. More, the need of observations on a long period of time makes the ground-based observations necessary. The solar system objects have very different characteristics and the increase of the astrometric accuracy will depend on the objects and on their physical characteristics. The purpose of this communication is to show how to get the best astrometric accuracy.
Solution of Earth orientation parameters in 20th century based on optical astrometry and new catalog EOC-3
Authors: Vondrák J. , Ron C. , Štefka V. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new star catalog has been derived recently, which is based on combination of Hipparcos/Tycho Catalogues with long lasting ground-based astrometric observations. In addition to ‘classical’ mean positions and proper motions of the stars, it contains also information on periodic motions of many stars that are due to double or multiple stellar systems. The catalog, called EOC-3, contains 4418 different objects, out of which 585 have significant periodic motions. This improved catalog is used as a reference frame in optical wavelength to derive a new series of Earth Orientation Parameters. To this end, almost five million observations of latitude/universal time variations made at 33 observatories are used. The new EOP series covers almost the entire 20th century (namely the interval 1899.7-1992.0).
Influence of the astrometric accuracy of observation on the extrapolated ephemerides of natural satellites
Authors: Desmars J. , Arlot J.-E. , Vienne A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe accuracy of planetary satellites ephemerides is determined not only by the accuracy of dynamical model (internal accuracy) but also by the accuracy of the observations (external accuracy) used to fit the initial parameters of a model. This external accuracy extrapolated in the future is unknown most of the time and tends to degrade the global accuracy of ephemerides. Even if we can estimate the quality of the ephemerides by comparison with observations, we do not know how to determinate the evolution of the accuracy outside the period of observations. We will present a statistical method, resampling of observations, which allows a better estimation of the extrapolated accuracy in the future.
Parallax programs at the Bordeaux Observatory at sub-mas level accuracy
Authors: Ducourant C. , Teixeira R. , le Campion J.-F. , Chauvin G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe present ongoing parallax programs developed at the Bordeaux Observatory several years ago. We describe the necessary steps leading to sub-milliarcsecond accuracy of calculated parallax. We show the importance of global methods for accurate parallax determination.
Astrometric detection of faint companions – the Pluto/Charon case study
Authors: Andrei A. H. , Filho V. Antunes , Martins R. Vieira , Assafin M. , da Silva Neto D. N. , Camargo J. I. B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe resolution of pairs of objects closer than the scale of seeing, and of difference of magnitude larger than ten percent is unreliable by direct imaging. The resulting image FWHM differs from a true PSF by no more than four percent. Yet, the peak of the associated Gaussian is shifted to a larger proportion.The main results are the description of the FWHM and peak location shifts as function of the seeing scale, the centers separation, and of the magnitudes difference. Analytically, the estimators of variation were the resulting Gaussian amplitude, mean value, and standard deviation. The later is shown to be the most reliable estimator.