bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CATEcor: an Open Science, Shaded-Truss, Externally Occulted Coronagraph
Authors: DeForest Craig E. , Seaton Daniel B. , Caspi Amir , Beasley Matt , Davis Sarah J. , Erickson Nicholas F. , Kovac Sarah A. , Patel Ritesh , Tosolini Anna , West Matthew J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

We present the design of a portable coronagraph, CATEcor, that incorporates a novel “shaded truss” style of external occultation and serves as a proof-of-concept for that family of coronagraphs. The shaded truss design style has the potential for broad application in various scientific settings. We conceived CATEcor itself as a simple instrument to observe the corona during the darker skies available during a partial solar eclipse, or for students or interested amateurs to detect the corona under ideal non-eclipsed conditions. CATEcor is therefore optimized for simplicity and accessibility to the public. It is implemented using an existing dioptric telescope and an adapter rig that mounts in front of the objective lens, restricting the telescope aperture and providing external occultation. The adapter rig, including occulter, is fabricated using fusion deposition modeling (FDM; colloquially “3D printing”), greatly reducing cost. The structure is designed to be integrated with moderate care and may be replicated in a university or amateur setting. While CATEcor is a simple demonstration unit, the design concept, process, and trades are useful for other more sophisticated coronagraphs in the same general family, which might operate under normal daytime skies outside the annular-eclipse conditions used for CATEcor.
Psychological factors and Quality of Life in children with palliative needs: A predictive analysis
Authors: Toro-Pérez Daniel , Camprodon-Rosanas Ester , Bolancé Catalina , Guillen Montserrat , Vilarrubí Sergi Navarro , Limonero Joaquin T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Children with palliative needs present physical and psychological symptoms and it is important to be aware of their self-perception to improve their quality of life.
Purpose: Determine the predictive value of sociodemographic, disease and psychological variables in relation to the self-perceived Quality of Life (pQoL) of children with limiting and life-threatening diseases.
Methods: A cross-sectional study with children aged 8 and over, where sociodemographic and disease variables are collected through clinical history. Psychological evaluation is carried out using specific tools validated in the child population on Emotion Regulation, Cognitive Strategies and Risk of Depression and Anxiety, and on their pQoL using a visual analogue scale. Descriptive means and standard deviations are calculated, and three linear regression models are estimated.
Results: The sample was made up of 60 children with an average age of 16.0 (SD=4.2), 33.3% girls, with a mean pQoL of 7.0 (SD=1.8). 45% presented emotional symptoms; 46.7% relationship problems with peers; 33.3% behavioral problems; 22% risk of Depression and 30% of Anxiety; and 18.3% Emotion Regulation difficulties. The regression model explained 54.7% of the variance of pQoL, showing the following to negatively influence pQoL: aged 14 and over (p=0.03), exacerbated symptoms (p=0.01), Risk of Depression (p= 0.01) and the use of the Cognitive Rumination and Catastrophizing Strategy (p<0.01).
Conclusions: The holistic perspective, being a model that can identify psychological variables that influence QoL, best explains the variability of children's perception of quality of life. Psychological interventions should be aimed at improving depressive symptoms, cognitive strategies, and relational skills.
Enhancement of Biomethanation Process of Eichhornia Crassipes Using Ferric Chloride Catalyst
Authors: Banerjee Saikat , Sivamani Selvaraju 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In tropical areas, water hyacinth is one of the significant and large sources of biomass that can be used to produce biogas. The purpose of this strategy is to enhance sustainability, precise energy present, ease of transport, etc. of the original biofuel feedstock or to extract gases. In a semi batch digester, an experimental investigation on biomethanation of water hyacinth was carried out. Temperature, stirring speed and catalyst concentration affect the rate of biogas production. The catalyst has been discovered to primarily boost the rate of biogas production from water hyacinth. As the catalyst is used here to boost up the biomethanation reaction, the effect of catalyst in different kinetic parameters is investigated.
Disambiguating usernames across platforms: the GeekMAN approach
Authors: Masud Md Rayhanul , Treves Ben , Faloutsos Michalis 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

How can we identify malicious hackers participating in different online platforms using their usernames only? Establishing the identity of a user across online platforms (e.g. security forums, GitHub, YouTube) is an essential capability for tracing malicious hackers. Although a hacker could pick arbitrary names, they often use the same or similar usernames as this helps them establish an online “brand”. We propose GeekMAN, a systematic human-inspired approach to identify similar usernames across online platforms focusing on technogeek platforms. The key novelty consists of the development and integration of three capabilities: (a) decomposing usernames into meaningful chunks, (b) de-obfuscating technical and slang conventions, and (c) considering all the different outcomes of the two previous functions exhaustively when calculating the similarity. We conduct a study using 1.8M usernames from three different types of forums: (a) security forums, (b) malware authors from GitHub, and (c) mainstream social media platforms, which we use as reference. First, our method outperforms previous methods with a Precision of 81-86% on technogeek datasets. Second, we find 6327 forum users that match malware authors on GitHub with a high similarity score (≥0.7). Finally, we provide a translation dictionary for slang terms with 5.8K entries, and create GeekMAN platform to facilitate further studies https://geekman.streamlit.app.
The Impact of 3-MA on Autophagy and Atherosclerosis via Wnt/β-catenin and AMPK/mTOR Pathways
Authors: Nie Bin , Fang Yulin , Qu Shifang , Jin Nan , Li Han , Zhu Lu , Zhang Kuanxin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives To study the mechanism of 3-methyladenine (3-MA) regulating autophagy and atherosclerosis (AS).Methods Ox-LDL-treated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were used to construct an in vitro model of AS. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium assay was selected to detect the absorbance (OD) value of VSMCs. WB(Western Blotting) was utilized to analyze the levels of Beclin-1, p62, ULK1, α-SMA, SM22-α, OPN, Wnt, β-catenin, AMPK and mTOR proteins. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RTqPCR) was used to detect the expression of α-SMA, SM22-α, OPN, Wnt, β-catenin, AMPK, p62 mTOR, Beclin-1 and ULK1. Transwell was used to detect the migration ability of VSMCs. Lipid droplets in VSMC were stained by oil red O staining method.Results The protein expression levels of p62 in 3-MA + ox-LDL group were higher than those in ox-LDL group, while the protein expression levels of Wnt, β-catenin, p-AMPK/AMPK, p-mTOR/mTOR, Beclin-1 and ULK1 were lower than those in ox-LDL group. The gene expressions of p62 in 3-MA + ox-LDL group were higher than those in ox-LDL group, while the gene expressions of Wnt, β-catenin, AMPK, mTOR, Beclin-1 and ULK1 were lower than those in ox-LDL group. Reversing the regulation of the corresponding genes was achieved by IWP-4 intervention.Conclusions This study demonstrated that 3-MA can promote autophagy inhibition of AS via the Wnt/β-catenin and AMPK/mTOR pathway. It provides theoretical basis for improving clinical diagnosis and treatment of AS.
Procalcitonin and interleukin-6 in predicting prognosis of sepsis patients with cancer
Authors: lyu Yang , Han tao , Zhang Zhen , Wu Yulin , Guan Qingpei , Hong Enlyu , Gao Wenbin , Wang Donghao , Lu Jia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the ability of infection indicators to predict the prognosis of sepsis patients with tumor.
Methods: A total of 317 patients admitted to ICU from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021 were enrolled. Among them, 163 patients were infected during peri-operative period, and 98 patients were ultimately diagnosed with sepsis. The infection indicators were analyzed forprediction of sepsis prognosis.
Results: Comparison of infection indicators between sepsis and non-sepsis patients showed that procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6(IL-6) showed significant changes in sepsis patients, and PCT combined with IL-6 could significantly improve specificity of early screening for sepsis and have highest positivity predictive value for sepsis. Peak value combination of PCT and IL-6 could achieve high specificity to predict poor prognosis. Peak value combination of PCT and IL-6 for prediction specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 0.935, 0.692, and 0.682 respectively.
Conclusion:Abnormal increase of PCT and IL-6 has a good early warning effect on sepsis in cancer patients, and the combination of PCT and IL-6 can improve predictive specificity and increase positive predictive ability of sepsis diagnosis. PCT combined with IL-6 shows the value in predicting the prognosis of sepsis patients with cancer.
Improving Separation Efficiency for Compound Specific Stable Chlorine Isotopic Analysis of Perchloroethylene
Authors: huang zitong , zhang yi , Liao Haiqing , Yang Fang , Wang Qianqian , Ji Meichen , Pan Ting , Feng Dongxia , Feng Weiying , Duarte Isabel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Compound-specific chlorine isotope analysis (Cl-CSIA), combined with isotopic fingerprinting, is an important method for evaluating the characteristic sources of perchloroethylene (PCE) and exploring the environmental behavior of trace PCE, which is a carcinogen in a contaminated aquifer. By adjusting certain parameters of the instruments, gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for PCE with an innovative HP-5 MS column (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d. × 0.14 µm film thickness) was achieved, thereby improving separation efficiency for the Cl-CSIA of PCE. Study results show that the 37Cl/35Cl ratio of PCE (> 99.5%, GCS, Sinopharm Group Co., Ltd.) was stable at different concentrations and reduced the chromatographic peak time to 3.89 min. The separation time was 10% shorter than that in the conventional method. The most accurate 37Cl/35Cl ratio obtained in the molecular ion method was 0.3156 ± 0.0010 at a concentration of 0.0020 µg/mL. The chlorine isotope ratio calculated using the ion fragment method was 0.3207 ± 0.0018. A relatively large error was obtained at 0.05 µg/mL. Samples whose contents were between 1 and 50 µg/mL were sufficient for the achievement of a chlorine isotope ratio precision (σ) of 1‰. Optimal concentrations were determined, and the relative accuracy and stability of the method were verified by two evaluation methods. Therefore, given the high separation efficiency, a large number of mixed samples containing organochlorine contaminants can be tested within a short period, which can reinforce the research on organic contaminants in groundwater.
Multiscale computational analysis of the Steady Multiscale Fluid Flow through a Lymph Node
Authors: Girelli Alberto , Giantesio Giulia , Musesti Alessandro , Penta Raimondo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Lymph Nodes (LNs) are crucial to the immune and lymphatic systems, filtering harmful substances and regulating lymph transport.
LNs consist of a lymphoid compartment (LC) that forms a porous bulk region, and a subcapsular sinus (SCS), which is a free-fluid region. Mathematical and mechanical challenges arise in understanding lymph flow dynamics. The highly vascularized lymph node connects the lymphatic and blood systems, emphasizing its essential role in maintaining the fluid balance in the body. In this work, we describe a mathematical model in a steady setting to describe the lymph transport in a lymph node. In particular, we couple the fluid flow in the SCS described by an incompressible Stokes equation with the fluid flow in LC, described by a model obtained by means of asymptotic homogenisation technique, taking into account the multiscale nature of the node and the fluid exchange with the blood vessels inside of it. We solve this model numerically and we analyze the lymph transport inside the node.
Beyond Juul – The New Face of Underage Nicotine Addiction
Authors: Riggs Griffin , Church Terry David 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Youth nicotine addiction is a major public health concern in the United States. Disposable Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), or disposable vapes, are commonly sought out by youth despite not having received premarket authorization from the FDA. The objective of this study was to identify factors contributing to underage consumption of disposable ENDS.
Methods
An anonymous survey was deployed to college students to understand young adults’ perceptions and patterns of use of disposable ENDS.
Results
Disposable ENDS are very popular among youth. The results of this study revealed the popular brands, flavors, modes of access, and attractive aspects of disposable ENDS. Survey results combined with information from the literature reveal that disposable ENDS gained popularity in the years following the decline in the popularity of pod-based ENDS, such as JUUL, following strict regulatory action from the FDA.
Conclusion
To ultimately address underage nicotine addiction, the FDA must hold disposable ENDS to the same regulatory standards as other tobacco products and produce regulations specifically targeted at disposable ENDS. The results of this study emphasize the importance of making effective regulatory reform and functional educational resources to prevent young people from initiating the use of disposable ENDS.
A Visual Approach to Tracking Emotional Sentiment Dynamics in Social Network Commentaries
Authors: Hossain Ismail , Puppala Sai , Alam Md Jahangir , Talukder Sajedul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The expansion of social media has unlocked a real-time barometer of public opinion. This paper introduces a novel framework to analyze sentiment shifts in social network comment sections, a reflection of the broader public discourse over time. Leveraging a pre-trained uncased RoBERTa model, we predict emotional scores from user comments, mapping these to key sentiment trends such as Approval, Toxicity, Obscenity, Threat, Hate, Offensive, and Neutral. Our methodology employs machine learning techniques to train a dataset that connects emotional scores with these trends, generating trend probability scores. We utilize a bottom-up recursive algorithm to aggregate emotional scores within comment threads, enabling the prediction of trend scores using three distinct aggregation methods. The results demonstrate that our emotional prediction model achieves an AUC of 0.92, and XGBoost stands out with an F1 score exceeding 0.40. Our research elucidates the temporal evolution of online public sentiment, enhancing the understanding of digital social dynamics and offering insights for strategic online interaction, intervention, and content moderation.
Prioritizing Nrf2/HO-1-Mediated Intrinsic Antioxidant Upregulation: The Foremost Neuroprotective Mechanism of Melittin in a Scopolamine-Induced Animal Model of Neural Stress, Preceding Anti- Inflammatory Effects
Authors: Yoo Jaehee , Nguyen Cong Duc , Jeong Sang Jun , Yang Ji Hye , Lee Gihyun , Shin Jeong Cheol , Kim Jae-Hong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key driver of neurodegeneration, and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway serves as a primary defense mechanism against this stress. Melittin, derived from bee venom, has shown promise in mitigating cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment. This study for the first time investigates whether melittin can revive the compromised Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in neurodegenerative animals’ brains and whether this pathway is the initial target of melittin's action. In a scopolamine-induced neurodegeneration model in mice, melittin administration led to its significant accumulation in the hippocampus, indicating its direct interaction with neural tissues. Comprehensive analysis revealed that melittin's earliest effect was the restoration of the Nrf2/HO-1 system, reinforcing its role as an antioxidant defense against oxidative stress. In vitro studies with mouse hippocampus HT22 cells showed that melittin triggered the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol to the nucleus. Notably, the most significant inhibition of melittin's protective effects was observed with an HO-1 inhibitor, suggesting a close association between melittin's action and the HO-1 pathway. In summary, this study demonstrates for the first time melittin's ability to upregulate the compromised Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in neurodegenerative animals, with evidence pointing to its primary action through this pathway. The direct effect of melittin on the Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were further solidified with invitro evidences. These findings enhance our understanding of melittin's neuroprotective mechanisms and its potential as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders, warranting further clinical exploration. This evidence strongly corroborates the prevailing trend of harnessing the activation of cellular antioxidation as a potent therapeutic strategy against neurodegeneration.
Teaching quality evaluation model construction of university industry and education integration by adaptive BP and DDAE-SVR
Authors: Zhang Xu , Weng Fuyuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To adapt to changing teaching modes in colleges and universities, and better predict and analyze the students' learning situation, this study aims at a series of deficiencies existing in the traditional teaching quality evaluation index system. By leveraging deep learning, the evaluation model is enhanced and constructed. Firstly, the system is refined by integrating the concept of integrating industry and education. Secondly, the traditional back propagation neural network is improved, and the model is built by incorporating deep noise reduction auto-encoder and support vector regression technology. Model test showed that model used in this study had good iterative performance. When the number of iterations was 62, the model started to enter a stable state, and the optimal fitness value in the stable state was 0.25. In addition, the detection accuracy was up to 0.98, and prediction effect can be satisfied by most teachers and students. To sum up, the quality evaluation model can accurately evaluate teaching quality, provide a reliable reference for colleges and enterprises, and promote the in-depth integration development of industry and education.
Assessing the Dynamics of Forest Ecosystem Services to Define Forest Use Suitability
Authors: Krsnik Goran , Reynolds Keith M. , Aquilué Núria , Mola-Yudego Blas , Pecurul-Botines Mireia , Garcia-Gonzalo Jordi , Olabarria José Ramón González 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Adopting a multi-criteria approach in forest management is essential for maintaining or improving specific benefits while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Determining the appropriate long-term management approach for a forest requires considering heterogeneous environmental and social factors, as well as over-time changes in forest characteristics. Conducting a strategic assessment of forest use suitability (FUS) (namely productive, protective, conservation-oriented, social and multifunctional) at the national level, taking into account the dynamins in provision of forest ecosystem services and the trade-offs between FUS alternatives, can guide the development of customized management strategies and policies that align with the specific requirements and conditions of the forest. In this study, we evaluate the supply and over-time changes of diverse ecosystem services of Pinus sylversitris stands in Spain and utilize a decision model to determine the most suitable forest use alternative (FUS) that maximizes the provision of these services. To achieve this, we utilize the last version of Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS) system, a spatially focused decision support tool capable of generating precise results for multi-criteria assessment. We simulated forest growth over a 100-year period and evaluated changes in forest ecosystem services over the studied period. According to the results, the dominant FUS is protective. Nevertheless, for the final assignment of FUS, an exhaustive trade-off analysis between all alternatives is required, resulting in flexible outcomes and increased multifunctionality.
Circulating tumour DNA dynamics during alternating chemotherapy and hormonal therapy in metastatic breast cancer: the ALERT study
Authors: Allsopp Rebecca , Guo Qi , Page Karen , Bhagani Shradha , Kasim Anna , Badman Philip , Kenny Laura , Stebbing Justin , Shaw Jacqueline 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Although changes in circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in breast cancer are well described, the kinetics of their fluctuations has not been described over short timescales. We investigated ctDNA dynamics during alternating cycles of chemotherapy and hormonal treatment in pre-treated patients with estrogen receptor positive metastatic breast cancer.
Methods
Patients received alternating, 9-week cycles of eribulin and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). The clinical primary endpoint, progression free survival (PFS) was monitored at 3, 6 and 9 months; secondary endpoints clinical benefit rate (CBR), safety and tolerability profiles were also assessed. Importantly, ctDNA fluctuations were monitored using the Oncomine™ Breast cfDNA assay to test whether biomarkers may change rapidly between chemotherapy and aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment in the setting of advanced breast cancer, potentially reflecting disease dynamics.
Results
The median PFS was 202 days (95% CI: 135-undefined) and 235 days (95% CI: 235-undefined) at 6 and 9 months respectively, with a 50% CBR at both 6 and 9 months. Dynamic changes in ctDNA were observed in short timescales between chemotherapy and AI treatment and support the clinical benefit (CB) seen in individual patients and critically, appear informative of acquired resistance in real-time.
Conclusion
Changes in ctDNA can occur rapidly and reflect changes in patients’ clinical tumour responses (NCT02681523).
Optical UV detection of the glucose content in solution for application in glucose monitoring
Authors: urbiola Iker Rodrigo chavez , Cruz-Zabalegui Alexis , Tirado-Cantú Pablo Alfonso , Willar-Rodriguez Francisco , Chávez-Urbiola Edgar Arturo , Vorobiev Pavel , Vorobiev Yurii 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The present work describes an optical method for glucose determination from frontier equations and predictive mechanisms. A theoretical description of the electronic transitions in glucose molecule treated as a quantum dot and experimental validation were carried out. The calculation relies on the photon absorption between the ground and the first excited state. The results were 263, and 277 nm for experimental and theoretical estimation, respectively. The glucose quantification was done by optical transmittance in a glucose solution. Photonic glucose absorption was recorded in the 5–30 mM range. The method showed a 0.00876%Abs/mM sensibility with linear behavior.