bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of knowledge and practice of pediatricians about Early Childhood Caries in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Jahromi Darya Aminzadeh , Mohebbi Simin Z. , Zadeh Shiva Yosef , Bahramian Hoda 
Published: April 2024

background: Despite efforts for improvement of oral health in the world during recent years, dental caries remained one of the most common chronic diseases in the childhood. One of the most important factors that can play a significant role in the success of oral health promotion programs is the adherence and collaboration of non dental staff of pediatric health providers such as pediatricians.
Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate pediatricians' knowledge and practice regarding oral health and its related factors.
Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2020, 90 pediatricians that were working in Tehran city participated. A newly designed valid and reliable questionnaire comprised of three sections of demographics (8 questions), knowledge (30 questions) and practice (8 questions) was provided to the participants. The knowledge questions consisted of five domains about primary teeth (8 questions), dental visits (3 questions), dental caries determinants (8 questions), eating habits (7 questions), and fluoride (4 questions). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22. The significance level was considered to be less than 0.05 (p < 0.05).
Results: The participants (n=90) had an average age of 45.96 ± 9.75 years (ranged 30-76 years) and 60 percent of them were women. The mean of their knowledge score was 20.10 ±4.45 (out of a maximum 30) and for the practice, it was 15.51 ± 3.49 (out of a maximum 24). Receiving oral health training courses during education period was significantly associated with the higher knowledge of the physicians (r = 0.20, p = 0.04). Furthermore, interest in learning (r = 0.20, p = 0.04) and presence of dentists among their relatives and friends (r = 0.21, p = 0.03) were significantly related to better oral health practice of the studied pediatricians. There was no difference in pediatricians’ knowledge and practice according to age and gender.
Conclusion: In general, the knowledge and practice of pediatricians about oral health and prevention of dental caries for their patients was not satisfactory. The associations between higher knowledge and practice with recieving the oral health training courses during education period, interest in learning and other motivations such as presence of a dentist among relatives, casts light on the importance of training such professional health staff to promote oral health in the childhood.
Sex differences in glutathione metabolism and acetaminophen toxicity
Authors: Cruikshank Allison , Reed Michael C. , Nijhout H. Frederik 
Published: April 2024

Aims: Clinical and experimental evidence has shown that females in humans and other mammals have higher glutathione (GSH) levels than males, which are caused by higher levels of estradiol. Understanding how hepatic GSH level and synthesis velocity depend on the sex hormones is an extremely important question since oxidative stress contributes to the risk for heart disease and cancer, and oxidative stress is reduced by GSH. Our aim is to develop a systems approach to understanding GSH metabolism and use this to explain the causes of GSH differences in males and females, how GSH changes during the menstrual cycle, and why women may be less susceptible to acetaminophen toxicity.
Methods: We use mathematical models for hepatic glutathione metabolism, including one-carbon metabolism and acetaminophen detoxification, to investigate how the activation of certain enzymes by estradiol leads to dramatic changes in reaction velocities and metabolite concentrations.
Results: The models explain why women of childbearing age have higher glutathione than men, and that this is caused by the balance of activation of glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCL) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) by estradiol. The steady-state concentration of glutathione in women depends on the strength of the activation of GCL and GPX and is quite homeostatic over a wide range of activations.
Conclusions: During the menstrual cycle, the GSH concentration changes daily but over a relatively narrow range. We explain how this dynamic homeostasis depends on the biochemical network that produces GSH. The model is also consistent with published results that show that female mice are less susceptible than males to hepatotoxicity due to acetaminophen overdose and suggests that this might also be true for humans, though the human epidemiological data are contradictory.
Astringency perception in a red wine context – a review
Authors: Kuhlman Brock A. , Aleixandre-Tudo José L. , Moore John P. , Du Toit Wessel 
Published: April 2024

Astringency is not considered one of the modern gustatory tastes. The understanding of astringency perception has evolved considerably over the past eighty years, but the exact mechanism is still undefined. This review aims to identify the current theory of astringency perception in the context of red wine. While astringency perception is a complicated mechanism that is not yet well understood, much research has focused on it. The studies discussed up to now have been done using red wine or wine-derived polyphenols. In a red wine context, astringency is driven by polyphenol concentration, galloylation and degree of polymerisation. Compounds that do not bind protein but are still strong astringent agonists are present in red wine. Among them, the role of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides is not clear, as these compounds are difficult to purify in quantities large enough for use in sensory studies. The literature strongly points to astringency being a compound perception. There is a stage of early protein binding, possibly as a “neutralising” effect for small amounts of dietary tannins with little actual perception, building into a more pronounced effect as tannin concentrations increase. A loss of lubrication in the oral cavity might announce the overpowering salivary protein capacity resulting from tannin concentrations, with direct detection of some astringent compounds once protein in the salivary fluid and the salivary pellicle are depleted.
STRATEGI MITIGASI BANJIR BERDASARKAN KAPASITAS SALURAN DRAINASE DI KELURAHAN JAGALAN
Authors: Palawa’ae Elang Rahma , Hadiani Rintis , Muttaqien Adi Yusuf 
Published: April 2024

<p><em>Flood mitigation is an important step in maintaining the sustainability and safety of urban environments. One key factor that affects the capacity of drainage channels is the flow rate of water through the channels. Therefore, this research aims to assess flood mitigation strategies based on the flow rate in drainage channels using the HSS SCS method. The study was conducted in Jagalan Sub-District, which frequently experiences flooding due to inadequate drainage channel capacity. The HSS SCS method was used to estimate the maximum flow rate that can be accommodated by the drainage channels. Hydrological and topographic data of the study area were collected and analyzed to identify relevant hydrological characteristics and physical parameters.</em></p><p><em>The analysis results showed the planned flood discharge values in Jagalan Sub-District through the Kali Boro Watershed, which were 3.1154 mm3/dt for a 2-year return period, 3.8297 mm3/dt for a 5-year return period, 4.3025 mm3/dt for a 10-year return period, and 4.7501 mm3/dt for a 20-year return period. The existing discharge values were 14.5243 mm3/dt for Surya Road, 19.1823 mm3/dt for Rejosari Road, 8.7376 mm3/dt for Kali Kepunton Road, 66.0338 mm3/dt for Kali Simpang Road, 21.7882 mm3/dt for Bororejo Road, and 42.2077 mm3/dt for Ir. Juanda Road. From these values, it can be concluded that the drainage channels in Jagalan Sub-District have sufficient capacity to accommodate the maximum flow rate during high-intensity rainfall. </em></p>
ANALISIS NILAI CBR SEBAGAI PARAMETER KRITIS UNTUK PERENCANAAN JALAN RAYA
Authors: Putri Wilis Sofya Marinda , Cahyono Andri Dwi , Farihi Moh. Ilham , Aziz Hanafi Moh. Abdul , Cintya Hanifatus , Ibrahim Malik , Asih Mia Setiyo 
Published: April 2024

<p><em>Infrastructure development is one indicator of a country's progress that cannot be ignored. Road infrastructure is an important part of the transportation system that connects different locations, facilitates human mobility, and transports goods. In the construction and maintenance of road infrastructure, soil plays a crucial role, so the condition and strength of the soil must be considered. Soil plays a significant role in construction as it serves as the foundation or base for building structures. Soil that has sufficient strength to support road loads will facilitate road construction. This study was conducted to determine the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value, so that appropriate actions can be taken to construct roads based on local soil conditions. The CBR method is commonly used in soil geotechnical testing for road planning. This method involves laboratory testing of soil samples to determine the California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The results show a CBR value of 22.5%, which falls under the category of very good. This indicates that there is no need for improvement efforts in the construction of the Jl. Panglima Besar Sudirman, Dsn. Bolawen Ds. Tiron Kec. Banyakan Kab. Kediri highway, allowing resources to be allocated to other areas in need of road infrastructure improvements to enhance accessibility and overall regional development.</em></p>
High precision stereotactic irradiation for focal drug-resistant epilepsy versus standard treatment: a randomized waitlist-controlled trial (the PRECISION-trial).
Authors: Zegers Catharina M.L. , Swinnen A , Roumen C , Hoffmann AL , Troost E , Asch CJJ van , Brandts L , Compter I , Dieleman EMT , Dijkstra JB , Granzier M , Hendriks M , hofman p , Houben RMA , Ramaekers B. , Ronner HE , Rouhl RPW , Salm S van der , Santegoeds R , Verhoeff JJ , Wagner L , Zwemmer J , Schijns OEMG , Colon AJ , Eekers DBP 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The standard treatment for patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) who are not eligible for open brain surgery is the continuation of anti-seizure medication (ASM) and neuromodulation. This treatment does not cure epilepsy, but only decreases severity. The PRECISION-trial offers a non-invasive, possibly curative intervention for these patients, which consist of a single stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) treatment. Previous studies have shown promising results of SRT in this patient population. Nevertheless, this intervention is not yet available and reimbursed in The Netherlands. We hypothesize that: SRT is a superior treatment option compared to palliative standard of care, for patients with focal DRE, not eligible for open surgery, resulting in a higher reduction of seizure frequency (with 50% of the patients reaching a 75% seizure frequency reduction at 2 years follow-up).
Methods: In this waitlist-controlled phase 3 clinical trial, participants are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either receive SRT as the intervention, while the standard treatments consist of ASM continuation and neuromodulation. After 2-year follow-up, patients randomized for the standard treatment (waitlist-control group) are offered SRT. Patients, aged ≥18 years with focal DRE and a pretreatment defined epileptogenic zone (EZ) not eligible for open surgery will be included. The intervention is a LINAC-based single fraction (24Gy) SRT treatment. The target volume is defined as the epileptogenic zone (EZ) on all (non) invasive examinations. The seizure frequency will be monitored on a daily basis using an electronic diary and an automatic seizure detection system during the night. Potential side effects are evaluated using advanced MRI, cognitive evaluation, Common Toxicity Criteria and patient reported outcome questionnaires. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of the SRT treatment will be evaluated.
Discussion This is the first randomized trial comparing SRT with standard of care in patients with DRE, non-eligible for open surgery. The primary objective is to determine whether SRT significantly reduces the seizure frequency 2-years after treatment. The results of this trial can influence the current clinical practice and medical cost reimbursement in The Netherlands for patients with focal DRE who are not eligible for open surgery, providing a non-invasive curative treatment option.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT05182437.
B cell immunofocusing and repriming in two HIV-1 Env immunization regimens.
Authors: DeLuca Jenna M. , Blasi Maria , Jha Shalini , Shen Xiaoying , Pollara Justin , Kerkau Melissa , Purwar Mansi , Carnathan Diane G. , Negri Donatella , Cara Andrea , Wollenberg Kurt , Saunders Kevin O. , Lu Shan , Silvestri Guido , Weiner David B. , Klotman Mary E. , Ferrari Guido , Moody M. Anthony , Bonsignori Mattia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Diverse and rapidly mutating viruses pose challenges to immunogen and vaccine design. In this study, we evaluated the ability of memory B-cells obtained from two independent NHP trials to cross-react with individual HIV-1 vaccine components of two different multivalent immunization strategies. We demonstrated that while an HIV-1 Env multiclade, multivalent immunization regimen resulted in a dominant memory B-cell response that converged toward shared epitopes, in a sequential immunization with clonally-related non-stabilized gp140 HIV-1 Envs followed by SOSIP-stabilized gp140 trimers, the change in immunogen format resulted in repriming of the B-cell response.
A Quarantine Paradox: Understanding Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in Post-COVID-19 Era: Insights from Golden Valley Mining Community, Zimbabwe
Authors: Magwegwe Everjoy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges globally, with a notable surge in gender-based violence (GBV) incidents. This descriptive, exploratory study conducted in the Golden Valley mining community in Kadoma, Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe, delves into the challenges faced by GBV survivors during and after the pandemic, alongside community perceptions of GBV in the post-COVID-19 era. Guided by Bronfenbrenner's Social-Ecological Model which offers insights into the various levels of influence on GBV behavior and experiences,aiding in the development of contextually relevant prevention strategies. The study used qualitative methods such as interviews and focus group discussions,There were 24 study participant classified by random and convenient sampling techniques including Traditional and community leaders, gbv surviours medical personnel and male and female, community members. The research followed the COREQ guidelines to transparently document the research process and findings. The research sheds light on the multifaceted nature of GBV exacerbated by societal norms and economic instability in a low-income, masculine-dominated work culture. Findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive prevention programs, effective legislation, and community engagement to address GBV in post-pandemic communities. The research provides valuable lessons for enhancing GBV prevention efforts globally, emphasizing the significance of survivor voices and addressing root causes of GBV.
Epstein-Barr-Virus-Driven Cardiolipin Synthesis Sustains Metabolic Remodeling During B-cell Lymphomagenesis
Authors: You Haixi , Havey Larissa , Li Zhixuan , Asara John , Guo Rui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is associated with a range of B-cell malignancies, including Burkitt, Hodgkin, post-transplant, and AIDS-related lymphomas. Studies highlight EBV’s transformative capability to induce oncometabolism in B-cells to support energy, biosynthetic precursors, and redox equivalents necessary for transition from quiescent to proliferation. Mitochondrial dysfunction presents an intrinsic barrier to EBV B-cell immortalization. Yet, how EBV maintains B-cell mitochondrial function and metabolic fluxes remains unclear. Here we show that EBV boosts cardiolipin(CL) biosynthesis, essential for mitochondrial cristae biogenesis, via EBNA2-induced CL enzyme transactivation. Pharmaceutical and CRISPR genetic analyses underscore the essentiality of CL biosynthesis in EBV-transformed B-cells. Metabolomic and isotopic tracing highlight CL's role in sustaining respiration, one-carbon metabolism, and aspartate synthesis, all vital for EBV-transformed B-cells. Targeting CL biosynthesis destabilizes mitochondrial one-carbon enzymes, causing synthetic lethality when coupled with a SHMT1/2 inhibitor. We demonstrate EBV-induced CL metabolism as a therapeutic target, offering new strategies against EBV-associated B-cell malignancies.
Immunological Dysregulation in Endometriosis Potentially Linked to Anomalies in NCOA4-Mediated Iron Autophagy Pathway
Authors: Liu YiMing , Lian Fang , Zhao YueWen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to investigate the expression disparities of Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 4 (NCOA4) in endometriosis (EMS) patients, assessing its diagnostic potential. It also elucidate the correlation between the immune microenvironment in EMS patients and pivotal genes in iron autophagy,and seeks to corroborate the activation status of the NCOA4-mediated iron autophagy pathway in both ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissues in EMS,
Methods
"Data sets from microarrays pertaining to EMS patients were obtained from the GEO database. This was done to analyze the differential expression of NCOA4 in both ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissues, in comparison to normal endometrial tissues. The diagnostic efficacy of key iron autophagy genes in identifying EMS was projected using Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC). This study also further examined the differential immune landscape between ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissues of EMS patients and controls. Additionally, it analyzed the interplay between immune cells, immune checkpoint genes, and key iron autophagy genes in EMS patients. A rat model of EMS was employed to validate the expression patterns of the NCOA4-mediated iron autophagy pathway in ectopic and eutopic endometrium.
Results
NCOA4 was differentially expressed in endothelial tissues of EMS patients, including two diametrically opposed trends of up-regulation and down-regulation in the in situ endothelial tissues of EMS patients and up-regulation in the ectopic endothelial tissues; Immune infiltration analysis showed that a variety of immune cells and immune checkpoint genes were abnormal in the endothelial tissues of EMS patients, and most of the abnormal immune cells and immune checkpoint genes were strongly correlated with the key genes of iron autophagy, NCOA4, FTH1, LC3B, and P62; Animal results showed that iron autophagy signaling pathway activation was progressively enhanced from the in situ endometrium to the normal endometrium to the ectopic endometrium.
Conclusion
Restoring the normal function of the NCOA4-mediated iron autophagy signaling pathway by regulating it can block the development of EMS, and its mechanism may be related to improving the local microenvironmental immune imbalance in EMS endothelial tissues.
Advancements in chimerism estimation and SNV genotyping in common marmosets: Enhancing genetic diversity analysis using next-generation sequencing
Authors: Kim Jungeun , Eom Heejong , Choi Jae-Pil , Lee Sunghoon , Jeong Da-Hye , Lee So-Min , Kim Dongwook , Lee Dohyun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

While marmosets are crucial in biomedical research, genetic research into these species using next-generation sequencing (NGS) has proven significantly challenging due to chimerism. We have developed an innovative method to estimate chimerism ratios and correct single nucleotide variant (SNV) genotypes in marmoset NGS data. This advancement has enabled the construction of a comprehensive variome for 56 Korean common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) that were cultivated at Osong Medical Innovation Foundation and 18 public Callitrichidae specimens, altogether encompassing about 200 million of SNVs. Using our method, we achieved a 5% chimerism ratio in hair follicles, allowing for the adjustment of homozygous SNVs from chimerism reads. However, this was not successful in blood with high chimerism. Analysis of this extensive variome data revealed the existence of a positive association between genetic diversity and conservation status, and it also showed signs of inbreeding in our specimens. The genetic structure analysis of C. jacchus and its related species holds significant potential for enhancing genetic diversity through inter-species admixture. These findings provide crucial insights into marmoset genetic diversity that are expected to offer valuable guidance for conservation strategies and the enhancement of genetic health in marmoset research populations.
A Novel flexible Probability Model for Improved Model Adequacy: Its Properties and Applications
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Khalil Alamgir , Wasim Danish , Albalawi Olayan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In the current decade development of new distributions is a frequently used practice in probability theory. In this manuscript, we introduce a novel probability distribution which is referred as “Alpha Power Modified Inverse Rayleigh (APMIR) distribution”. Some important statistical properties of the suggested model have been derived and investigated thoroughly. These properties include higher order moments, Shannon and Renyi entropy, order statistics, mode etc. The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) procedure is used to obtain estimates of the parameters of the suggested distribution. The performance of the proposed model is assessed using two real data sets. Simulation results are conducted to evaluate and justify the consistency of MLE. The suggested model offers better presentation as compared to other kinds of Rayleigh model.
Effect of Sulfur on synergistic corrosion behavior of Q235 and 16Mn steel in sodium aluminate solution
Authors: Li Dongyu , Quan Bianli , Li Junqi , Chen Chaoyi , Xu Jun , Wang Hanli 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this study, the corrosion electrochemistry and corrosion behavior of two steels were studied under the simulated alumina production conditions. The corrosion rate of 16Mn steel is greater than that of Q235 steel. The effect of S2− concentration on corrosion rate was significantly higher than that of S2O32−. The synergistic corrosion rates of Q235 and 16Mn steels increase at first and then decrease with the sulfur content, and the peak value appears when the concentration of S2− and S2O32− is 4 g/L and 3 g/L respectively. There are two main types of corrosion products: one is surface octahedral grain, which is composed of Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and Al2O3.The other is the interlayer corrosion between the surface layer and the matrix, which is composed of FeS, FeS2 and NaFeO2.The formation mechanism of the corrosion and corrosion mechanism were obtained by analyzing the phenomenon of ion competitive adsorption. Further validation and analysis of ion competition adsorption phenomenon were conducted using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The formation of corrosion products on the steel surface was investigated at an ion level, and the adsorption energies of OH− and S2− at the top site of Fe(110) surface were calculated. It was found that S2− is more likely to be adsorbed on the Fe(110) surface compared to OH−. The corrosion mechanism of steel is discussed preliminarily.