bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AToolkit for Monitoring the Utilization and Performance of Computer Networks
Authors: Hamilton John A. , Ratterree Gary R. , Pooch Udo W. 
Published: March 2007

The proliferation of local area networks (LANs) has changed and modernized the manner in which the world does business. As the capability of networks has increased so has their ubiquity Computer networks have provided the underlying support for the information explosion which has revolutionized not only academia, but industry, government, the fourth estate and even military combat operations. The increase in capability has not been without a concomitant increase in complexity. Experienced netzwork managers cope with this by using informal heuristics and other "seat of the pants" management methods. Increased networking capabilities have made organizations extremely dependent upon their networks. This increased dependence upon networks makes ad hoc network management techniques increasingly risky. The current lack of easy to use, large scale network management tools requires systematic network management. Network simulation provides an important management tool if the simulations are of sufficient fidelity and computationally tractable. The authors review the impressive tools developed at Curtin University as well as our own efforts to refine and improve the capabilities of the Netman tool set.
Simulation of Haulage Truck Loading Techniques in an Underground Mine Using WITNESS
Authors: Runciman Neil , Vagenas Nick , Corkal Tom 
Published: March 2007

This paper discusses the application of discrete-event simulation with animation to solve a haulage system problem in an underground hardrock mine in the Sudbury mining region in Ontario, Canada. The PC simulation software WITNESS, by the Lanner Group, was used to create the simulation models of the mine haulage systems. The simulation study is applied to determine if a chute system could be used in place of the current Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) loading system to load the haulage trucks. The current haulage system operates using a single LHD to load up to two trucks in a loading area near the stopes. The simulation models were also used to determine if a truck fleet which is loaded by a chute could exceed the throughput of the current haulage system and meet future production demands of the mine. Data collected from the mine was used to validate the simulation model of the current hauling practices on the 2400 foot level of the mine. Analysis of the results indicated that the chute system could provide an increase in the system throughput when one or two trucks operate in the system.
Simulation as a Possible Tool for Peace
Authors: McLeod John 
Published: March 2007

In this article the author traces prog ress of socio-economic modeling and simulation since WW II to support his contention that the need is clear, and the technology adequate, to support Peace Gam ing, in contrast to War Gaming. War Gaming, of one kind or another, has been used throughout history to help understand how wars might be won, but since the advent of powerful com puters the practice has grown exponentially—witness the size of DMSO (the Defense Modeling and Simula tion Office) of DOD. Why not Peace Gaming? In Peace Gaming a model is developed to represent as nearly as possible the real- world situation with respect to a conflict of leaders' objectives, or to an actual war. Players are assigned to represent real-world antagonists and charged with the responsibility to work out peaceful resolution of the conflict of interests. In our real world this is not always possible, usually due to the intransigence of one or more players. But both players and observers gain much-needed under standing of the problem and the people involved, and why proposed solutions might not work. And nobody gets killed!
Functional analysis in the sociology of religion
Authors: Tufari P. 
Published: March 2007

L'analyse fonctionnelle en sociologie revient à étudier un élément du corps social dans son rapport à l'en semble. On peut utiliser cette méthode en sociologie religieuse, soit en étudiant les divers éléments de la religion elle-même, soit en examinant la place de la religion dans l'ensemble des faits sociaux. Le premier article traite de la religion comme système social. Les fonctions fondamentales d'un organisme social sont la conservation, l'intégration des membres, l'adaptation au monde extérieur et le développement. L'auteur applique cela à la religion. Il existe aussi des mécanismes par lesquels ces fonc tions sont assurées. On peut étudier pour la religion ou bien le système idéal ou bien le système tel qu'il fonctionne de fait. L'analyse fonctionnelle en sociologie religieuse ne peut examiner tout à la fois. Voilà pourquoi on peut diviser les champs d'étude, soit en le limitant (analyse des quatre éléments dans un sous-groupe : diocèse, ordre religieux, etc.) ou bien en examinant un aspect seule ment de l'ensemble du système. (A suivre.)
Religion et changement social
Authors: Maitre J. , Maitre Jacques 
Published: March 2007

Traditional religion is closely associated with nature and with the links established between the living and the dead. Cult and magic rites occupy an important place in the religion of country people. Christianity was propagated on the psychological foundations of this popular religion. One of the most striking exam ples is the way in which saints have been associated with the cure of certain illnesses. This explains some of the serious difficulties encountered in the presence of contemporary social change, which of course, leaves no place for folklore. In Catholicism, a certain purification may take place even when religious practice loses ground. But a number of dogmas, like those of heaven, hell, purgatory and the devil, may be negative seriously challenged. Con temporary social changed has further led a number of Catholics to adopt a serie of well defined attitudes (e.g. extreme right and leftists) whose relativity they fail to grasp and to which they attribute a religious meaning. Even in the non practising population, the passage rites (Baptism, First Communion, marriage and en gagement) betray traces of traditonal religion. There is a certain secularisation of morals, mythology and even of hope.
Un catholicisme de résignation en Haïti
Authors: Souffrant Claude 
Published: March 2007

Under-development has been identified as this century's plague. Today, the numerous development actions, missions and inquiries all come to the same conclusion : development is checked and even stopped by mental structures, ideological factors, religious beliefs. This empirical finding bears out a long series of theoretical studies. For sociologists and eco nomists alike, from Weber to Tawney and Sombart, never stopped to investigate the influence of religious factors in the development of industrial civilization. However, the question remains : among all the religions found in a given milieu, which one is actually a check or a prime-mover of development ? Which one encourages sub missiveness to a given social set up ? Is this submissiveness really due to religion, or rather to the current social system ? All these problems are approached in this book from the Haitian point of view and on the documentary basis of the content analysis of a religious text-book.
Paul VI et la paix Analyse de sept discours pontificaux
Authors: Bastenier Albert 
Published: March 2007

Starting from the statement that the great religions support the idea that peace is intimately linked to their vision of the universe, the author analyzes seven recent speeches of Pope Paul VI on this subject. He successively examines the following questions : 1) to whom is the Pope addressing himself and what does he say to each of his addrcssees ? 2) what is the ideological content of the pontifical messages ? The conclusions show that the Pope's speeches are situated on the abstract level of a pure announcement of peace and of an individual ethical exhorta tion. The social problems considered are those which have already been recognized by the institutionalized social author ities. Thus the ideological neutrality of the Pope is relatively limited.
Use of Supersonics in the Preparation of Fiber Samples for Electron-Microscope Studies
Authors: Frey-Wyssling A. , Mühlethaler K. 
Published: March 2007

In response to a request by TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL for a brief report of the use of supersonics in the preparation of fiber samples for studies with the elec tron microscope at the Institute of Plant Physiology, Zürich, Switzerland, Dr. Frey-Wyssling, Director of the Institute, submitted this paper for publication. It will be noted that the photographs show the typical fibrillation of fibers similar to that obtained in a ball mill except that they are much clearer. There is less debris attached to the fine strands which seem to have been separated into finer and finer units as described by the authors. If these photomicrographs are studied under a magnifying glass considerable detail can be observed.
Detergency Studies
Authors: Utermohlen William P. , Wallace E. Louise 
Published: March 2007

A survey of the literature and the practice of detergency as applied to textiles has indicated that the manufacture of successful detergents has progressed further than has the fundamental science of detergency. Many of the basic factors in soiling of textile fibers and fabrics, and in cleaning of the soiled materials, are not yet fully recognized and satisfactorily understood. Better answers are needed to questions such as these: What forces hold particles of soil in contact with fibers? How deeply does dirt penetrate into yarns and fabrics, and how tenaciously is it held therein? How does a detergent act in removing dirt particles from fibers? What part of the dirt in or on a fiber is removable by detergent processes? The work on detergency reported in the three papers published below was done at the Institute of Textile Technology. The first two present an initial study of the mechanisms of soiling of cloth, and of the cleaning of soiled cloth, using mixed pigment-oil soils. By using a pigment whose presence can be accurately determined by chemical analysis, a definite im provement in the quantitative understanding of these processes has been made; this technique appears to be new. The washing of lightly and severely soiled sam ples has demonstrated that there is a qualitative as well as a quantitative difference between the two, and thus has contributed to the understanding of how solid soil clings to cloth. The third paper reports a study of the effect of various soiling mixtures and storage conditions upon the ease of washing of soiled cloth. It was found that soiled cloth becomes more difficult to wash after it has been stored for several weeks or months unless the oils in the mixtures used to soil the cloth are inert to the oxidizing action of air and unless the storage conditions are dry. Use of oils which undergo oxidative polymerization ( particularly linseed and tung oils) was found to lead to permanent binding of pigment soil and cloth; this process appeared to be aided by the presence of moisture. The work reported in the three papers was done in order to establish a basis for comparative laboratory testing of detergents and washing processes and for other studies of practical value in textile detergency.
A Structural Comparison of Films Regenerated from Cellulose Acetate and Viscose
Authors: Haskell V.C. , Owens D.K. 
Published: March 2007

Cellulose films having radically different physical properties were prepared by the standard viscose process and by the deacetylation of commercial cellulose acetate film. These films were characterized by x-ray, acid hydrolysis, differential swelling in caustic, and light and electron microscopy of freshly torn edges. Measurements by x-ray and acid hydrolysis reveal that the film from cellulose acetate has less crystalline material and smaller crystallite size than the viscose film. By drfferential swelling in caustic the film from cellulose acetate was shown to have less highly ordered material than the viscose film. Light and electron microscopy of freshly torn edges of the two films reveal a com mon structural element. Fibrils were seen, the size of which did not vary appreciably between the two films. The arrangement of the fibrils in the internal structure of the films was markedly different. By considering the data obtained from these different sources, an explanation of the property difference and its relation to fine structure can be postulated.
Changes in the Physical Properties of Cotton on Cross-Linking
Authors: Steiger Fred H. , Wang Stella Y. , Hurwitz Melvin D. 
Published: March 2007

The pour crease recovery-strength relationship exhibited by cotton which has been reacted with formaldehyde by a dry curing process has been shown to be primarily a function of the formal linkage and not of the degradative effects of acid Inconsistencies in results obtained with formaldehyde are associated with the slow rate of hemiformal formation in the padding bath. Cotton in the wet state can be cross-linked by means of hemiacetal linkages with glyoxal, and it has been shown that the strength loss produced by cured dimethylol ethyleneurea at a given level of crease recovery is comparable to that obtained from uncured glyoxal in the absence of those degradative effects associated with the hot. acidic curing of thermosetting finishes The ratio of wet to dry crease recovery suggests that the areas of cellulose and/or the hydroxyl groups which are involved when cotton is cross-linked in glyoxal solutions are the same as those involved in the dry curing of cross-linkers A high wet to dry crease recovery ratio evidently requires that cross-linking at some stage take place in a state of swelling beyond that found during the application of typical aqueous cotton creaseproofing reagents. The thests that different areas and or hydroxyl groups are involved in the attamment of wet and dry crease recovery is further supported by experiments in which dry crease recovery was obtamed on cotton independently of the high wet crease recovery which had been established first
The Effect of Spinneret Hole Length on Fiber Diameter; A Means for Measuring Polymer Solution Inhomogeneities
Authors: Bostwick Charles O. 
Published: March 2007

The single fibers from a multiple spinneret having holes of equal diameter but of different lengths may have considerably different diameters. suggesting the use of Poiseuille's formula for flow through capillary tubes to describe or predict the effect. A simple spinneret having four holes of equal diameter and known differing cylin drical hole lengths (10 times the sizes used for fiber sprinning) was built to test polymer solutions. The long hules extruded less material than the short holes for a homogeneous polymer solution or liquid The amount extruded from each hole was consistent with the amount calculated by Poiseuille's formula. However, when gelatinous masses were present in the polymer solution. Poiseuille's formula was no longer applicable, an increase in the material coming from the longer holes always being noted. This increase m percent material could be used as a test for the degree of solution inhomogeneity. When an inhomogeneous polymer solution was spun into fibers, the occurrence of thick-and-thin filaments was noticeable when different portions of the same fiber were examined in the vibroscope.
The Distribution of Oxymethylene Groups in Formaldehyde-Treated Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Jones D.M. 
Published: March 2007

A method of deducing the chemical distribution of oxymethylene groups in cotton treated with (a) formaldehyde in the presence of acid and (b) methylene chloride in the presence of alkali by comparing their relative rates of acid hydrolysis with those of a series of model compounds is described. Aqueous-acid and acid-bake formaldehyde processes form oymetlylene cross-links between secondary hydroxyl groups in different anhydroglucose units as well as some polyoxymethylene links, whereas methylene chloride produces, in addition, links between primary, hydroxyl positions. The influence of hydrogen bonding and the proximity of acetyl groups on the acid-stability of the oxymethylene link is discussed and several new compounds are reported. A comparison of the mechanical properties of the chemically modified cotton fabrics suggests that cross-linking is the major cause of loss in strength and that the physical position of the links within the cellulose structure is more important than their exact chemical nature.
Mechanics of Elastic Performance of Textile Materials
Authors: Freeston W. Denney , Platt Milton M. 
Published: March 2007

Recovery from bending is an important end use requirement of most textile struc tures, being directly related, for example, to crease recovery of apparel fabries. Al though fabric bending recovery is influenced by yarn and fabric geometry, filament bending recovery plays a significant role. Thus, an understanding of the influence of filament properties on filament bending recovery is essential to the understanding of fabric bending recovery. An analysis of the bending recovery of filaments is presented. The filaments arc assumed to be linearly elastic for tensile stresses below the yield stress, and to have a sharply defined yield point. The filaments are further assumed to exhibit linear work-hardening beyond the yield, and to have the same properties in compression as in tension. Time effects, although not explicitly included, are discussed. The tensile behaviur of fine-diameter metal wire and several polymeric filaments is approximated by these assumptions. The analytical expressions obtained for the recovered radii of curvature of circular filaments as a function of the filament diameter, material properties, and initial radius of curvature are verified experimentally. The rigidity and bending recovery of ribbon and circular filaments of the same material and tensile strength are compared. Future publications, the basic work for which has been completed, will extend the analysis to twisted singles yarns, and woven and nonwoven fabrics.
The Role of Thiol Groups in the Setting of Wool
Authors: Caldwell J.B. , Leach S.J. , Meschers A. , Milligan Brian 
Published: March 2007

Evidence is presented for a mechanism of setting in which the know n conformational changes in the poly peptide structure involve disulfide bond rearrangement via thiol disul fide interchange. The new arrangement of disulfide bonds helps to stabilize the new structure if reversion is inhibited by preventing further interchange. Thiol and disulfide analyses of wools before and after setting support this hypothesis. We have found no evidence for the formation of stabilizing cross-links other than disulfide bonds. This hypothesis accounts for the fact that the rate of setting in boiling water is enhanced by the addition of reducing agents, such as bisulfite or thioglycollate, which generate extra thiol groups It also explains why wool in which the natural thiol groups have been destroyed cannot be set in water but can be set using reducing agents. The occurrence of thiol disulfide interchange has also been demonstrated during the release of set. Release is accelerated by thiol-producing reagents and retarded by con ditions which inhibit interchange. A higher level of set may therefore be obtained by blocking or oxidizing free thiol groups in the set fibers, particularly after short setting times. Cross-linking reagents are no more effective than monofunctional blocking reagents for this purpose.
A Statistical Method of Characterizing Spinning Quality
Authors: Verbeck Arthur R. 
Published: March 2007

This paper is concerned with a least squares iterative method of fitting data to a model developed by Bogdan [1] in his work on the determination of spinning quality Parameters. The model employed is of the form where count strength CS is the dependent variable, and twist multiplier M and count C are the independent variables. The parameters introduced have the following mean ing: β = obliquity parameter; ϕ = drafting parameter; π = intrinsic strength para meter; τ = ineffective twist parameter; α = cohesion parameter. An actual spinning quality parameter analysis is described in detail, and all results are tabulated. This method of analysis can serve as a useful tool in fiber development work. Parameter values that result from controlled changes in the physical properties of of the fiber can be used as a guide by the experimenter in determining his next course of action.
Kinetics of the Pyrolysis of Cotton Cellulose
Authors: Chatterjee Pronoy K. , Conrad Carl M. 
Published: March 2007

The kinetics of decomposition of cellulose were studied in the temperature range of 270°-310°C with absorbent cotton and ball-milled scoured cotton, both cut in a Wiley3 mill. The decomposition of cellulose was carried out in a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) apparatus having precise temperature control, under continuous now of helium gas. The study of the kineties was followed by the determination of the residual weight up to the limiting end point. The data furnished evidence of a complex reaction behavior up to about 40% decomposition and a first-order reaction thereafter. The major reaction of the decomposition of the cellulose molecule was considered as a two- step process: glucosidic bond scission and subsequent levoglucosan formation. The kinetics of a chain reaction mechanism have been proposed and shown to be con sistent with the experimental data. The energy of activation for the initiation reaction of the original cotton and the hall-milled cellulose was found to be 54.3 kcal/mole and 75.0 kcal mole, respectively. These large differences are believed to be due to differ ences of the fiber structure, induced in the latter case by ball mining. For the propa gation reaction, the activation energy values were 33.0 kcal mole and 37.1 kcal/mole, respectively.
Studies on Feltproofing of Wool with a Copper Sulfate-Hydrogen Peroxide System
Authors: Kantouch A. , Bendak A. , Sadek M. 
Published: March 2007

Optimization of the reaction conditions between wool and H2O2 in the presence of traces of copper is made to impart the antifelt property to wool. Copper sulfate consumption increases with increase of temperature and reaction time, while H2O2 consumption increases with increasing copper sulfate content of wool. Copper sulfate pretreatment is essential to impart the antifelt property to wool by the studied system. Aftertreatment with dilute H2SO4 or with acidified sulfite solution showed that there is no significant difference between the two-aftertreatments in imparting the antifelt property to wool. The present antifelt treatment increases wool affinity to dyeing. The fastness of acid, mordant, metal complex, and reactive dyes is not altered, The present antifelt treatment, applied to dyed wool, has no bad effect on color shades. It decreases the sulfur, cystine, tyrosine, and tryptophan contents and increases the alkali, urea bisulfite soluhilities of the treated wool.
The Strongmen are Shaking
Authors: Jamail Milton H. 
Published: March 2007

A review of: Jan Karmali, Hugh O'Shaughnessy and Andrew Pollak, Nicaragua Dictatorship and Revolution, London: Latin America Bureau, 1979. Pp. 50. $1.50. Latin America Bureau, Violence and Fraud in El Salvador: A Report on Current Political Events in El Salvador, London: Latin America Bureau, 1977. Pp. 37, $3. Roger Plant, Guatemala Unnatural Disaster, London: Latin America Bureau, 1978. Pp. 121. $3. J. Ann Zammit, The Belize Issue, London: Latin America Bureau, 1979. Pp. 77. $3.