bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of bioactive glass coatings obtained by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Zhao Yafan , Song Mingda , Liu Jian 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA type of bioglass (named Mg10) formed by the substitution of 10wt%Na2O with MgO in Bioglass® 45S5 was designed and coated on the substrate Ti6Al4V by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. Scratch test results show that the bonding strength of Mg10 coating with the substrate is higher than that of 45S5 coating. The reason is that the thermal expansion coefficient of Mg10 matches that of Ti6Al4V more than that of 45S5. The in vitro behavior of the Mg10 bioglass coatings is similar to that of 45S5 bioglass coatings and follows the bioactive mechanism. The bioactivity level of Mg10 coating is lower than that of 45S5 coating. This could be attributed to the addition of Mg in Mg10, as part of Mg ions in the bioglass become network former, which decreases the Si‐O‐NBO/Si‐O‐Si (s) intensity ratio of the Mg10 coating. Therefore, substitution of 10wt%Na2O with MgO on the base of Bioglass® 45S5 coatings can improve their long‐term stability while maintaining a good biological response. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography for high‐performance analytical separation
Authors: Terabe Shigeru 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCapillary electrophoresis (CE) is a relatively new method of analytical separation having the advantages of high separation efficiency, requirement of a small sample amount, low operating cost, and fast separation time. CE is a separation method where the analyte migrates under an electric field due to a charge on the analyte. Hence, CE was unable to separate neutral analytes until the advent of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). MEKC is performed with an addition of ionic micelles to an electrophoretic medium, where a portion of the analyte is incorporated into the micelle and has an apparent charge, which can be subject to electrophoretic separation. The migration velocity of the neutral analyte in MEKC depends on what portion of the analyte is incorporated into the micelle. Thus, the separation principle of MEKC is similar to that of chromatography, although the micelle corresponding to the stationary phase in chromatography is not stationary inside the capillary. The fundamental characteristics and theoretical treatments of the behavior of the analyte in MEKC were studied extensively by the author's group. MEKC has been established as one of the most popular separation modes in CE. This review describes how MEKC was developed and how it is useful as a method of analytical separation. © 2008 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 8: 291–301; 2008: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20156
Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidosqualene‐lanosterol cyclase: A chemistry–biology interdisciplinary study of the protein's structure–function–reaction mechanism relationships
Authors: Wu Tung‐Kung , Chang Cheng‐Hsiang , Liu Yuan‐Ting , Wang Tsai‐Ting 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe oxidosqualene cyclases (EC 5.4.99‐) constitute a family of enzymes that catalyze diverse cyclization/rearrangement reactions of (3S)‐2,3‐oxidosqualene into a distinct array of sterols and triterpenes. The relationship between the cyclization mechanism and the enzymatic structure is extremely complex and compelling. This review covers the historical achievements of biomimetic studies and current progress in structural biology, molecular genetics, and bioinformatics studies to elucidate the mechanistic and structure–function relationships of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidosqualene‐lanosterol cyclase‐catalyzed cyclization/rearrangement reaction. © 2008 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 8: 302–325; 2008: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20157
Catalytic synthesis of oligoene and enyne derivatives through carbometalation of internal alkynes
Authors: Satoh Tetsuya , Tsurugi Hayato , Miura Masahiro 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA number of new synthetic methods for π‐conjugated oligoene and enyne compounds are described. Thus, diene and higher oligoene derivatives are selectively constructed by palladium‐catalyzed arylation reactions of internal alkynes in the presence of arylboronic acids or alkenes as terminators. In contrast, the synthesis of various enyne derivatives is achieved effectively by homo‐ or cross dimerization of alkynes under rhodium catalysis. © 2008 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 8: 326–336; 2008: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20158
Design and negative refraction investigation of a compact left‐handed metamaterial
Authors: Meng Fan‐Yi , Wu Qun , Yang Guo‐Hui , Fu Jia‐Hui 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA compact left‐handed metamaterial (LHM) with miniaturized unit cell and broad bandwidth is proposed. By optimization of design, the relative bandwidth is up by 21.1%, and the unit cell electrical length is only 0.072 at the central frequency where the LHM is available. The negative refraction characteristics of the wedge‐shaped LHM are investigated using full‐wave simulation, and it is shown that the designed LHM exhibits negative refraction in a broad band range of 8.5–10.5 GHz, and hence the existence of the LHM is proven. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Neural network approach to stereoscopic correspondence of three‐dimensional particle tracking velocimetry
Authors: Sapkota Achyut , Ohmi Kazuo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractParticle tracking velocimetry (PTV) is a reliable measurement technique for the quantitative study of fluid flows by observing the motion of the particles seeded in them and is widely used in several industrial applications. The nature of the flow can be precisely observed only if all the three components of the velocity are computed. In 3‐D PTV system, particles viewed by two (or more than two) stereoscopic cameras with a parallax have to be correctly paired at every synchronized time step. This is important because the 3‐D coordinates of individual particles cannot be computed without the knowledge of the correct stereo correspondence of the particles. In the present work, a neural network–based algorithm has been proposed for the stereoscopic particle pairing process. The correspondence between the particle pairs is modeled as a constrained optimization problem. The constraints are provided on the basis of the epipolar geometry of the particle images and on the basis of the uniqueness of the matched pairs. The results are tested with various standard images. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Particle swarm optimization: a numerical stability analysis and parameter adjustment based on swarm activity
Authors: Yasuda Keiichiro , Iwasaki Nobuhiro , Ueno Genki , Aiyoshi Eitaro 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this paper, swarm activity is defined as the root mean square velocity of the particles in particle swarm optimization (PSO). Using numerical experiments, an investigation of the relationship between swarm activity and intensification/diversification during a PSO search, as well as the similarity between swarm activity and temperature in simulated annealing (SA), was conducted. Furthermore, a new method for determining the numerical stability of PSO based on swarm activity was developed. The stability limit for PSO based on the new numerical stability analysis method was compared with the stability limit based on a conventional analytical stability analysis method. Also, using the results of a numerical stability analysis of PSO, the search of conventional PSO methods was examined. From this analysis, issues related to diversification (global search) and intensification (local search) during the search could be explored. Finally, after showing that swarm activity can be controlled using the stable and unstable regions in PSO, a new PSO method that uses swarm activity feedback to control diversification and intensification during a search was proposed. The versatility and search capabilities of the new PSO were examined based on the results of numerical experiments using five typical benchmark problems. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optical and electrical properties of tunnel junctions with Au nanoparticles utilizing localized surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Uchida Hironaga , Fumoto Hiroshi , Baryshev Alexander , Kim Jooyoung , Inoue Mitsuteru 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe fabricated a planer type tunnel structure with Au nanoparticles that were formed between two electrodes on a substrate. The mean diameter of the Au nanoparticles was 7.3 nm, and the wavelength of the localized surface plasmon resonance was about 544 nm. Tunnel current flowing through Au nanoparticles between two electrodes changed by illumination of a laser beam. A large change of tunnel current was observed when a plane of linear polarized light (electric field) corresponded to the direction of electron tunneling through Au nanoparticles; the change of tunnel current obtained by laser illumination with a wavelength of 532 nm was larger than the one with a wavelength of 633 nm. The dependencies on wavelength and polarization of laser beam suggest that the change of tunnel current occurs not only by the thermal effect but also by the localized surface plasmon resonant effect. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fabrication of carbon nanotubes and byproducts by arc discharge in DC motors
Authors: Aoyagi Minoru 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe electrical arc generated between the brush and commutator of a DC motor is similar to the arc discharged between carbon electrodes. Since carbon nanotubes are produced by carbon electrode arc discharge, it is possible to produce carbon nanotubes and byproducts via the electrical arc generated between the brush and commutator of a DC motor. In this paper, we demonstrate experimentally that single‐wall carbon nanotubes and byproducts were generated on the surface of the brushes by the electrical arc of DC motors. The yield of the nanotubes was very low, and the nanotubes were of poor structural quality. If carbon nanotubes with a high electrical conductivity are produced across the segmented copper bars of the commutator, they can potentially cause the DC motor to flashover. Our experimental findings reveal that these carbon nanotubes and byproducts have no effect on the flashover of DC motors because they are extremely small and occur in small quantities. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Two‐dimensional numerical simulation of commercial scale nonequilibrium MHD power generator coupled with radio‐frequency electromagnetic field
Authors: Fujino Takayasu , Kominami Susumu , Ishikawa Motoo , Okuno Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2008

AbstractR–z two‐dimensional numerical simulations have been carried out to explore the possibility and usefulness of a support technique of the plasma production using an external radio‐frequency (rf) electromagnetic field for a commercial‐scale, large nonequilibrium disk‐shaped MHD generator with a thermal input of 1000 MW. Numerical results have demonstrated that the rf application is useful for improving the plasma state and the generator performance even for the commercial‐scale MHD generator having the large plasma volume between rf coils. For low seed fraction (SF) condition, the additional rf Joule heating enhances the ionization of seed material in the upstream region of the MHD channel. As a result, the generator performance can be improved. On the other hand, applying the rf electromagnetic field has little effect on the plasma state and the generator performance under a relatively high SF condition, where large self‐excited Joule heating is obtained. Furthermore, applying the rf electromagnetic field enables to obtain the same level of enthalpy extraction ratio (EE) with higher electrical efficiency for low SF condition. Consequently, the maximum value of the isentropic efficiency (IE) of the MHD generator can be substantially improved by applying the rf electromagnetic field. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A traffic‐flow‐adaptive controller of double‐deck elevator systems using genetic network programming
Authors: Zhou Jin , Yu Lu , Mabu Shingo , Shimada Kaoru , Hirasawa Kotaro , Markon Sandor 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe double‐deck elevator system (DDES) has been invented firstly as a solution to improve the transportation capacity of elevator group systems in the up‐peak traffic pattern. The transportation capacity could be even doubled when DDES runs in a pure up‐peak traffic pattern where two connected cages stop at every two floors in an elevator round trip. However, the specific features of DDES make the elevator system intractable when it runs in some other traffic patterns. Moreover, since almost all the traffic flows vary continuously during a day, an optimized controller of DDES is required to adapt to the varying traffic flow. In this paper, we have proposed a controller adaptive to traffic flows for DDES using Genetic Network Programming (GNP) based on our past studies in this field, where the effectiveness of DDES controller using GNP has been verified in three typical traffic patterns. A new traffic flow judgment part was introduced into the GNP framework of DDES controller in this paper, and the different parts of GNP were expected to be functionally localized by the evolutionary process to make the appropriate cage assignment in different traffic flow patterns. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms a conventional approach and two heuristic approaches in a varying traffic flow during the working time of a typical office building. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High efficiency DC–DC converter for wide‐ranging loads with gradual reverse current stopping technique
Authors: Yamada Kouhei , Sugahara Satoshi , Fujii Nobuo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA novel reverse current stopping technique for synchronous rectifiers in DC–DC converters is proposed. It is based on gradual adjustment of the ON‐time of the synchronous rectifier to finally stop the reverse current. Therefore, delay to detect and stop reverse current does not cause extra reverse current, so almost perfect reverse current stopping can be achieved with small DC power consumption. An example circuit of the proposed technique was designed and included in a fixed ON‐time pulse frequency modulation (PFM) control DC–DC converter. The designed converter was fabricated in the 0.35 µm CMOS process, and then its operation was verified. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An estimator to characterize varying time delays based on cross‐correlation function for the tuning of IP network‐based small DC motor speed control
Authors: Matsuo Kenshi , Miura Takeshi , Taniguchi Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2008

AbstractInternet protocol (IP) network‐based control systems have recently attracted interest. There is, however, the problem such that varying time delays and packet losses in the networks induce performance degradation. Therefore, it is important how the traffic conditions are characterized. Conventional methods have characterized varying time delays based on round trip times (RTTs). In this paper, we propose an estimator to characterize the delays based on the cross‐correlation function. The tuning of the proportional‐integral (PI) controller is done using the estimator, and speed control experiments of the system for a small DC motor are done. As a result, it has been confirmed that the estimator is usable for tuning. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Basic study of visual systems for sea pilot simulator training
Authors: Murai Koji , Okazaki Tadatsugi , Stone Laurie , Hayashi Yuji 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSimulator training is a mandatory subject prior to the examination for a sea pilot's license. A sea pilot cadet trains using a ship handling simulator. Simulator systems consist of a ‘visual system’, a ‘bridge system’, and a ‘control system’ which are common simulator systems worldwide. The main training situations for sea pilots are ‘entering a port’ and ‘leaving a port’. Cadets need to develop their skills in simulator training. However, visual system does not provide a full 360° image around the ship. The complete 360° image is most important for cadets to obtain skills on how to navigate a ship into port. This letter proposes a visual system for training sea pilots when entering a port. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluation of pelvic ultrasonography in the diagnosis and differentiation of various forms of sexual precocity in girls
Authors: Badouraki M. , Christoforidis A. , Economou I. , Dimitriadis A. S. , Katzos G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted to assess the role of pelvic ultrasound variables in discriminating between normal girls and girls with different forms of sexual precocity, and to establish reliable cut‐off limits of pelvic ultrasound measurements for differentiating between these conditions.MethodsEighty‐eight girls with different forms of sexual precocity (23 with premature thelarche, 15 with premature pubarche and 50 with central precocious puberty) were enrolled. All diagnoses were based on clinical examination with confirmation using the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone‐stimulation test. Additionally, 81 prepubertal girls, aged 0–10 years, were included as a control group. For statistical analysis and to facilitate comparisons, the groups were subdivided by age intervals (0–6, > 6–8 and > 8–10 years). All subjects underwent pelvic ultrasound examination for the measurement of uterine length, uterine volume, ovarian volume and the anteroposterior diameter at the fundus divided by the anteroposterior diameter at the cervix (fundal/cervical ratio, (F/C)). Finally, the morphological appearance of the ovaries was assessed.ResultsPatients with central precocious puberty had significantly higher values for all the ultrasound variables (with the exception of uterine length in the 1–6‐year age group) in comparison to normal girls. Patients with premature thelarche and patients with premature pubarche showed similar pelvic ultrasound parameters to those of normal girls. Ovarian volume was the best parameter for identifying patients with central precocious puberty (a cut‐off of 3.04 cm3 had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97.1% for age interval 0–6 years, a cut‐off of 3.35 cm3 had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 89.5% for age interval > 6–8 years, and a cut‐off of 4.46 cm3 had a sensitivity of 80.8% and a specificity of 88.5% for age interval > 8–10 years). Uterine length was the best parameter for distinguishing between patients with central precocious puberty and patients with premature thelarche (a cut‐off of 3.185 cm had a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 91.7% for age interval 0–6 years, and a cut‐off of 3.83 cm had a sensitivity of 82.4% and a specificity of 90.9% for age interval > 6–8 years).ConclusionsUltrasound examination of the uterus and ovaries could serve as a complementary tool for the diagnosis of central precocious puberty and, consequently, for the early initiation of appropriate treatment. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of echogenic fetal lung lesions
Authors: Cavoretto P. , Molina F. , Poggi S. , Davenport M. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the antenatal findings and outcome of fetuses with echogenic lung lesions.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of the prenatal sonographic features, antenatal management and outcome of 193 fetuses with an echogenic lung lesion diagnosed at 18–35 weeks of gestation. There were nine cases of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS), 170 cases of cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM) and 14 cases of pulmonary sequestration (PS). A literature search was also carried out to compare our data with those of previous series.ResultsThe prognosis in our series of fetuses with CHAOS was invariably poor, but the literature describes a handful of survivors after delivery by Cesarean section and ex‐utero intrapartum therapy (EXIT). Of the cases in our series with PS and no pleural effusions, more than 95% survived; in half of these cases the lesion resolved antenatally and in the other half sequestrectomy was carried out postnatally. In cases with PS and pleural effusions, successful treatment was provided by the placement of thoracoamniotic shunts or occlusion of the feeding blood vessel by ultrasound‐guided laser coagulation or injection of sclerosants. In cases with CAM and no hydrops, there was more than 95% survival and in up to half of the cases there was sonographic evidence of spontaneous antenatal resolution of the hyperechogenic lesion, which was confirmed by postnatal imaging in about 60% of the cases. Of the cases with CAM with hydrops managed expectantly, more than 95% died before or after birth. Of the cases with macrocystic CAM with hydrops, two‐thirds survived after placement of a thoracoamniotic shunt. In cases with microcystic CAM with hydrops, there is some evidence that open fetal surgery with lobectomy could improve survival but such treatment is highly invasive for the mother.ConclusionsCHAOS is a severe abnormality, whereas CAM and PS are associated with a good prognosis. In a high proportion of fetuses with hyperechogenic lung lesion, there is spontaneous antenatal resolution and the underlying pathology may be transient bronchial obstruction. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dizygotic monochorionic twin pregnancy conceived following intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment and complicated by twin‐twin transfusion syndrome and blood chimerism
Authors: Ekelund C. K. , Skibsted L. , Søgaard K. , Main K. M. , Dziegiel M. H. , Schwartz M. , Moeller N. , Roos L. , Tabor A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe report a case of a dizygotic monochorionic twin pregnancy preceded by intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment including assisted hatching. On ultrasound examination at 25 weeks' gestation the twins, which had been assumed to be monochorionic, were found to be of different sexes. Karyotyping and zygocity determination were performed on amniotic fluid and showed the twins to be dizygotic with normal female and male karyotypes. There were clinical and sonographic signs of twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), and Cesarean delivery was performed at 32 weeks' gestation. At birth the twins were phenotypically a normal male and a normal female. Histology of the placenta showed it to be monochorionic diamniotic. Blood chimerism was found postnatally as both infants had the karyotypes 46,XX[13]/46,XY[17]. Chimerism was not found in cells from a buccal swab at 6 months of age.This is one of only a few reported cases of dizygotic monochorionic twins. Nearly all of these cases have been conceived after assisted reproductive technology procedures. It is of clinical importance to be aware of this rare phenomenon in relation to TTTS, prenatal screening and parental counseling. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.