bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the invisible hand to the gladhand: Understanding a careerist orientation to work
Authors: Feldman Daniel C. , Weitz Barton A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article explores the concept of a careerist orientation to work, which is defined as the propensity to pursue career advancement through non‐performance‐based means. A scale is developed to measure this concept using a sample of 227 business school alumni. Exploratory empirical data suggest that careerism is associated with consistently more negative job attitudes, a greater desire to advance and to change jobs, and more frequent promotions. Implications of a careerist orientation to work for both individual career management and organizational career development are discussed.
Using performance measurement to evaluate strategic human resource management decisions: Kodak's experience with profit‐sharing
Authors: Boudreau John. W. , Berman Robert 
Published: May 2007

AbstractProfit‐sharing frequently is used to link employee performance and labor costs to the profitability of organizations. It represents a significant investment. Yet, managers' decisions regarding such human resource investments frequently do not use the same financial planning frameworks typical of other investments. This article presents a case study describing how one division at Eastman Kodak Company used a strategic investment approach to plan and evaluate a profit‐sharing program and describing the role of performance measurement information in that approach.
The evolution of computer use in human resource management: Interviews with ten leaders
Authors: Broderick Renae , Boudreau John W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUsing an exploratory model of the evolution of computers systems in organizations, the authors interviewed HR computer systems people in ten Fortune 500 firms considered leaders in HR computer use. Generalizable measures of growth in computer use and related changes in HR department structure, strategy, and personnel were found. These measures were used to identify three stages of growth in computer use: threshold, growth, and consolidation/strategic expansion. In the latter two stages, differences were found among firms in the way computer use evolved. These differences appeared closely related to the company's choice of technology and the centralization of the firm's key HR decision makers. The implications of the exploratory model and findings for practice and future research are discussed.
Lessons from the workplace: How corporate policies and attitudes lag behind workers' changing needs
Authors: Shellenbarger Sue 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAmerican companies' work‐family programs and practices are lagging behind workers' changing needs and values. It is still common for employees to face antifamily discrimination by employers. The cost is seen in a decline in productivity, in quality of life, and in a loss of workers from the labor force. © 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On cultural change: Using the competing values framework to help leaders execute a transformational strategy
Authors: Hooijberg Robert , Petrock Frank 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article describes how the Competing Values Framework (Quinn, 1988) can be used to assess an organization's existing and desired culture and how one organization consultant uses the assessments of an organization's existing and desired cultures to bring about major cultural changes. A process is described that assesses what leaders or leadership teams mean when they say they want to change the culture of their organization, what benefits they expect to accrue from the desired cultural change, what action steps they will take to achieve the desired cultural change, and how evaluation can be carried out to assess whether culture change has actually been achieved. © 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Union–management interface: Using the competing values framework as a diagnostic tool to bring increased involvement at the plant level
Authors: McGraw Rodney B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article describes an organizational intervention jointly sponsored by the United Automobile Workers and the Ford Employee Involvement Executive Committee. The intervention was needed to rejuvenate the existing employee involvement (EI) process which had been in existence since the early 1980s. The EI process had achieved its purpose of making significant cultural changes at Ford, but was viewed as narrow in scope in light of existing organizational problems of quality, customer focus, and productivity. An organizational intervention was designed jointly by a committee of union and management personnel using the Competing Values Framework as a diagnostic tool to examine the current organizational gaps in the majority of Ford's manufacturing facilities. The article discusses the overall process and the significant results at four major plant facilities. © 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using the competing values framework to facilitate managerial understanding across levels of organizational hierarchy
Authors: Dipadova Laurie N. , Faerman Sue R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article explores the use of the Competing Values Framework of Organizational Effectiveness and of Managerial Leadership as a tool for helping organizational members better understand the similarities and differences of managerial leadership roles at various levels of hierarchy. Based on a series of interviews, similarities and differences between managerial roles at different levels of organizational hierarchy are examined. Three organizational interventions are described which use the Competing Values Framework in order to increase managers' communication and understanding across levels. These interventions focus on management education and development, performance appraisal, and team building across levels of hierarchy.
Implications of the competing values framework for management information systems
Authors: Cooper Randolph B. , Quinn Robert E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractProblems with evaluating management information systems' (MIS) effectiveness are due to the lack of an MIS effectiveness theory. This article draws on the Competing Values Framework to develop a framework of MIS effectiveness which links MIS characteristics to organizational effectiveness via management activity support. This framework is based in both organizational and MIS literatures and is corroborated by cognitive maps of recognized MIS experts. The framework is then used to gain a better understanding of the MIS effectiveness construct and thus to provide guidance for evaluating MIS effectiveness. © 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Four ways to choose a CEO: Crown heir, horse race, coup d'Etat, and comprehensive search
Authors: Friedman Stewart D. , Olk Paul 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMost attempts to understand CEO succession fail to adequately differentiate the various ways by which CEOs are chosen. This article presents a conceptual framework that identifies four kinds of CEO succession processes, distinguished according to two key factors: political dynamics (who rules?) and the candidate search (are preferences known in advance?). Our main point is that the response of organizational stakeholders to CEO successions—(a) whether the process is perceived as fair, (b) whether the chosen successor is seen as good for an organization's future, and (c) the extent of disruption attending the leadership change—reflects how the politics and the search are managed. How internal and external stakeholders respond to a CEO succession can affect a new CEO's capacity for exercising effective leadership. Examples of each type (Apple, General Motors, Kodak, and Procter & Gamble) are offered and implications are drawn for researchers and for human resource executives. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Shapelets: Possibilities and limitations of shape‐based virtual screening
Authors: Proschak Ewgenij , Rupp Matthias , Derksen Swetlana , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: May 2007

AbstractComplementarity of molecular surfaces is crucial for molecular recognition. A method for representation of molecular shape is presented. We decompose the molecular surface into commensurate patches with defined shape by fitting hyperbolical paraboloids onto a triangulated isosurface of the Gaussian model of a molecule. As a result of this decomposition we obtain a 3D graph representation of the molecular shape, which can be used for complete and partial shape matching and isosteric group searching. To point out the possibilities and limitations of shape‐only models, we challenged our method by three scenarios in a virtual screening contest: rigid body alignment, consensus shape filtering, and target‐specific screening. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Functional MR imaging of the female pelvis
Authors: Koyama Takashi , Togashi Kaori 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRecent developments in MR techniques have magnified the roles and potential of MRI in the female pelvis. This article reviews the techniques and clinical applications of functional MRI (fMRI) of the female pelvis, including cine MRI, diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI. Cine MRI is a useful tool for evaluating uterine contractility, including sustained contraction and peristalsis, in a variety of conditions and gynecologic disorders, and for evaluating pelvic‐floor weakness. DWI can demonstrate abnormal signals in pathologic foci based on differences in molecular diffusion. It also enables the quantitative evaluation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which may be useful for distinguishing malignant from benign tissues and monitoring therapeutic outcome. DCE‐MRI has the potential to improve tumor detection and local staging, and can also provide quantitative information about perfusion of the tumor, which may be useful for both monitoring therapeutic effects and predicting therapeutic outcome. Understanding the roles played by functional MR techniques in the female pelvic region is beneficial not only for determining clinical applications, but also for developing further investigations with MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;25:1101–1112. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical aspects of the apparent diffusion coefficient in 3He MRI: Results in healthy volunteers and patients after lung transplantation
Authors: Bink Andrea , Hanisch Gorden , Karg Andrea , Vogel Annette , Katsaros Konstantinos , Mayer Eckhard , Gast Klaus K. , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurposeTo measure the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) after inhalation of hyperpolarized 3He in healthy volunteers and lung transplant recipients, and demonstrate the gravity dependence of ADC values.Materials and MethodsSix healthy volunteers, 10 patients after single‐lung transplantation, and six patients after double‐lung transplantation were examined at 1.5T during inspiration and expiration. The inhalation of 300 mL of hyperpolarized 3He was performed with a computer‐controlled delivery device. A two‐dimensional fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) sequence measured the 3He diffusive gas movement. From these data the ADC was calculated.ResultsThe mean ADC was 0.143 cm2/second in healthy individuals, 0.162 cm2/second in transplanted healthy lungs, and 0.173 cm2/second in rejected transplanted lungs, whereas it was 0.216 cm2/second in native fibrotic lungs and 0.239 cm2/second in emphysematous lungs. The difference in mean ADC values among healthy lungs, healthy transplanted lungs, and native diseased lungs was significant (P < 0.001). In inspiration the healthy volunteers showed higher ADC values in the anterior than in the posterior parts of the lungs. In expiration this gradient doubled.ConclusionAn anterior–posterior (A/P) gradient was found in inspiration and expiration in healthy lungs. Healthy, transplanted, and native diseased lungs had significantly different mean ADC values. From our preliminary results, 3He MRI appears to be sensitive for detecting areas of abnormal ventilation in transplanted lungs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;25:1152–1158. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantification of perfusion and permeability in breast tumors with a deconvolution‐based analysis of second‐bolus T1‐DCE data
Authors: Makkat S. , Luypaert R. , Sourbron S. , Stadnik T. , De Mey J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurposeTo test the feasibility of using a second‐bolus injection, added to a routine breast MRI examination, to measure regional perfusion and permeability in human breast tumors.Materials and MethodsIn 30 patients with breast tumors, first a routine whole‐breast T1‐DCE sequence was applied, and the slice where the lesion enhanced maximally was located. At that slice position, T1‐weighted MR images were acquired at 0.3‐second resolution using a second‐bolus dynamic inversion recovery (IR)‐prepared turbo field echo (TFE) sequence. A pixel‐by‐pixel model‐independent deconvolution of the relative signal enhancement was performed to estimate the tumor blood flow (TBF), tumor volume of distribution (TVD), mean transit time (MTT), extraction flow product (EF), and extraction fraction (E). In addition to this pilot study, a first appraisal of its sensitivity to tissue type was made on the basis of a small patient cohort.ResultsIn the malignant tumors, the parametric maps clearly delineated tumors from the breast tissue and enabled visualization of the heterogeneity. The deconvolution analysis provided objective parametric maps of tumor perfusion with a mean TBF (84 ± 48 mL/100 mL/minute) in malignant tumors in the high range of literature values.ConclusionIn terms of these perfusion values, our method appears promising to quantitatively characterize tumor pathophysiology. However, the number of patients was limited, and the separation between malignant and benign groups was not clear‐cut. Additional parameters generated through compartment modeling may improve the tumor differentiation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;25:1159–1167. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Guanine derivatives modulate extracellular matrix proteins organization and improve neuron‐astrocyte co‐culture
Authors: Decker Helena , Francisco Sheila S. , Mendes‐de‐Aguiar Cláudia B.N. , Romão Luciana F. , Boeck Carina R. , Trentin Andréa G. , Moura‐Neto Vivaldo , Tasca Carla I. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGuanine derivatives (GD) have been shown to exert relevant extracellular effects as intercellular messengers, neuromodulators in the central nervous system, and trophic effects on astrocytes and neurons. Astrocytes have been pointed out as the major source of trophic factors in the nervous system, however, several trophic effects of astrocytic‐released soluble factors are mediated through modulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. In this study, we investigated the effects of guanosine‐5′‐monophosphate (GMP) and guanosine (GUO) on the expression and organization of ECM proteins in cerebellar astrocytes. Moreover, to evaluate the effects of astrocytes pre‐treated with GMP or GUO on cerebellar neurons we used a neuron‐astrocyte coculture model. GMP or GUO alters laminin and fibronectin organization from a punctate to a fibrillar pattern, however, the expression levels of the ECM proteins were not altered. Guanine derivatives‐induced alteration of ECM proteins organization is mediated by activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), CA2+‐calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMK‐II), protein kinase C (PKC), and protein kinase A (PKA) pathways. Furthermore, astrocytes treated with GMP or GUO promoted an increased number of cerebellar neurons in coculture, without altering the neuritogenesis pattern. No proliferation of neurons or astrocytes was observed due to GMP or GUO treatment. Our results show that guanine derivatives promote a reorganization of the ECM proteins produced by astrocytes, which might be responsible for a better interaction with neurons in cocultures. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Instructive cross‐talk between neural progenitor cells and gliomas
Authors: Staflin Karin , Lindvall Magnus , Zuchner Thole , Lundberg Cecilia 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGliomas are the most common primary brain tumors and offer a poor prognosis in patients because of their infiltrative and treatment‐resistant nature. The median survival time after diagnosis is approximately 11–12 months. There is a strong need for novel treatment modalities in targeting gliomas, and recent advances use neural progenitor cells as delivery systems for different therapeutic strategies. In this study, we show that rat embryonic neural progenitor cell (NPC) lines, transplanted at a distant site from a 3‐day‐preestablished glioma in the striatum, were able to migrate toward and colocalize with tumor isles without general spread into the brain parenchyma. Upon encounter with tumor, neural progenitor cells changed phenotype and became vimentin positive. These results demonstrate that transplanted neural progenitor cells respond to queues from a tumor and home to and exert an antitumor effect on the preestablished glioma, significantly decreasing the tumor volume with approximately 67% compared with control tumors after 1–2 weeks. Moreover, these early effects could be translated into increased survival times of animals treated with neural progenitor cell grafts 3 days after intrastriatal tumor inoculation. In contrast, there was no activation or migration of endogenous subventricular zone (SVZ) neuroblasts in response to an intrastriatal syngeneic tumor. In conclusion, NPC possess the ability to influence tumor growth as well as respond to queues from the tumor or tumor microenvironment, demonstrating a cross‐talk between the cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Moderately halophilic, alkalitolerant Halomonas campisalis MCM B‐365 from Lonar Lake, India
Authors: Joshi A. A. , Kanekar P. P. , Kelkar A. S. , Sarnaik S. S. , Shouche Y. , Wani A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSeven bacterial isolates obtained from sediment and water samples, collected from the alkaline Lonar Lake were identified on the basis of their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and were confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing to be Halomonas campisalis. They were capable of using a variety of electron donors and were found to grow in the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) up to 4 M, at pH from 7 to 11, 9 being the optimum. The isolates could grow over a wide range of temperatures (from 4 to 45 °C) and showed temperature‐dependent salt tolerance. They exhibited requirement of sodium for growth and could grow in any medium where NaCl is replaced by NaNO3 and Na2S2O3 but not in the presence of salts like LiCl, MgCl2 · 6H2O, KCl and NH4Cl. One of the seven isolates, ARI 351, was able to produce lipase at pH‐9.0, while two isolates, ARI 351 and ARI 360, could accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) granules when grown in a medium containing maltose. Thus the H. campisalis isolated from Lonar Lake was different from the previously reported one, with respect to its biotechnological potential for production of Lipase and PHA. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bacterial cell division protein FtsZ is stable against degradation by AAA family protease FtsH in Escherichia coli cells
Authors: Srinivasan Ramanujam , Ajitkumar Parthasarathi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe have found that FtsH protease of Escherichia coli could degrade E. coli cell division protein FtsZ in an ATP‐ and Zn2+‐dependent manner in vitro and that the degradation did not show specificity for the N‐terminus or C‐terminus of FtsZ, like in the case of degradation of its conventional substrate σ32 protein. In continuation of these observations, in the present study, we examined whether FtsH would affect the stability and turnover of FtsZ in vivo. We found that FtsZ levels were not elevated in E. coli AR754 (ftsH1 ts) cells at nonpermissive temperature as compared to the levels in an FtsH‐active isogenic AR753 strain. Neither did FtsH degrade ectopically expressed FtsZ in AR754 strain nor did ectopic expression of FtsH reduced FtsZ levels in E. coli AR5090 ftsH null strain (ftsH::kan, sfhC21). Pulse chase experiments in AR754 and AR5090 strains showed that there were no compensatory changes in FtsZ turnover, in case FtsZ degradation had occurred. Even under cell division arrested conditions, wherein FtsZ was not required, FtsH protease did not degrade unutilized FtsZ. These experiments demonstrate that either FtsH protease may not have a role in regulating the levels of FtsZ in vivo under the conditions tested or that some cellular component(s) might be stabilising FtsZ against FtsH protease. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mental health consequences of the San Ysidro McDonald's Massacre: A community study
Authors: Hough Richard L. , Vega William , Valle Ramon , Kolody Bohdan , Castillo Richard Griswald Del , Tarke Henry 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper reports on the reactions of a portion of the population of San Ysidro, California, to the McDonald's massacre in 1984. Recently immigrant, poor, Mexican American women, 35–50 years of age, who were not directly involved in the accident were surveyed to determine their emotional reactions approximately 6 months following the massacre. Approximately one third of the women indicated they were seriously affected by the event. Some 12% reported had mild or severe levels of Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomatology at some point in time since the massacre and some 6% still felt symptoms 6 to 9 months after the event. The women most affected were those having relatives or friends involved in the massacre and those with general social vulnerability (e.g., the widowed, separated, or divorced, unemployed and those with less income and fair to poor health). These women reported relatively little impact on their children. Onset and chronicity of PTSD and health care utilization patterns were also explored. Results of more intensive, open ended interviews with the women most affected by the event are summarized.
Testimony as ritual and evidence in psychotherapy for political refugees
Authors: Agger Inger , Jensen Søren Buus 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTestimony as a ritual both of healing and of condemnation of injustice would seem to be a universal phenomenon. The concept of testimony contains both connotations of something subjective or private, and of something objective, judicial, or political. When political refugees give testimony to the torture to which they have been subjected, the trauma story can be given a meaning, can be reframed: private pain is transformed into political dignity. In the context of testimony, shame, and guilt connected with the trauma can be confessed by the victim and reframed. In the transcultural meeting between the political refugee and the Western therapist, the common goal of creating evidence against repression becomes both a meeting place and a joint point of departure. The testimony method is demonstrated by two case histories.
Victimization history and victim‐assailant relationship as factors in recovery from sexual assault
Authors: Roth Susan , Wayland Kathy , Woolsey Mary 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe present study investigated the psychological aftermath of sexual assault in a probability sample of university women, with an emphasis on how various aspects of a victim's lifetime sexual assault history and their relationship with their assailant(s) mediate posttraumatic recovery. Victims were almost twice as likely as nonvictims to meet given criteria for a psychiatric case. Surprisingly, date rape victims were as distressed as victims of chronic childhood assault, possibly because of the ambiguous nature of the assault circumstance. Also, repeated victimization was related to denial, a symptom of posttraumatic stress. Denial was discussed in regard to the likelihood of its increasing the risk of revictimization.