bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect ofβ‐casein,κ‐casein andβ‐lactoglobulin genotypes on concentration of milk protein variants
Authors: Hallén E. , Wedholm A. , Andrén A. , Lundén A. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIndividual mid‐lactation milk samples were collected from 116 cows of the Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein breeds with known genotypes ofβ‐casein,κ‐casein andβ‐lactoglobulin. Detailed milk protein composition and allele‐specific expression ofβ‐casein,κ‐casein andβ‐lactoglobulin proteins in milk were analysed using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Aggregateβ‐/κ‐casein genotype was significantly associated with theκ‐casein concentration in milk. The lowestκ‐casein concentration was found in milk of cows with genotypes includingκ‐casein E (A1A2/AE, A1A1/AE) and also A2A2/AA milk, whereas highest levels were associated with genotypes includingκ‐casein B. Casein number was positively and concentration ofβ‐lactoglobulin negatively associated with theβ‐lactoglobulin BB genotype. In heterozygote cows,β‐casein A1andβ‐lactoglobulin A proteins were found at higher concentrations in milk compared with the protein variant encoded by the alternative allele at these loci, whereasκ‐casein A and B variants were found at similar concentrations in heterozygote AB cows.
Genetic characterization of the Burlina cattle breed using microsatellites markers
Authors: Dalvit C. , De Marchi M. , Dal Zotto R. , Zanetti E. , Meuwissen T. , Cassandro M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe present study was a contribution on the genetic characterization of the Burlina local cattle breed, and an approach to understanding the relationships between Burlina, Holstein Friesian and Brown Swiss which represent the majority of the dairy cattle reared nowadays in North‐East Italy. The obtained results helped to clarify the genetic diversity and distinctiveness of Burlina population. In particular, the low genetic distance between Burlina and Holstein Friesian and the assignment of a moderate percentage of Burlina animals to Holstein Friesian suggested that crosses between them took place in the past, while crosses with Brown Swiss seemed to be less frequent. However, analyses of marker genotypes, showed a cluster with only Burlina individuals, which demonstrates the genetic distinctness of this breed. The Burlina breed showed the highest variability among the analysed breeds and its inbreeding coefficient was low. The data contribute to the feasibility of a conservation and selection programme for this breed and the results are useful for the implementation of a conservation strategy that should aim to conserve animals where the contribution from foreign breeds is as small as possible.
Neonatal maternal separation and enhancement of the inspiratory (phrenic) response to hypoxia in adult rats: disruption of GABAergic neurotransmission in the nucleus tractus solitarius
Authors: Kinkead Richard , Balon Norbert , Genest Sophie‐Emmanuelle , Gulemetova Roumiana , Laforest Sylvie , Drolet Guy 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNeonatal maternal separation (NMS) alters respiratory control development. Adult male rats previously subjected to NMS show a hypoxic ventilatory response 25% greater than controls. During hypoxia, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) release within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) modulates the magnitude of the ventilatory response. Because development of GABAergic receptors is sensitive to NMS, we tested the hypothesis that in adults, a change in responsiveness to GABA within the NTS contributes to NMS‐related enhancement of the inspiratory (phrenic) response to hypoxia. Pups subjected to NMS were placed in an incubator for 3 h/day for 10 consecutive days [postnatal days 3 to 12]. Controls were undisturbed. Adult (8–10 weeks old) rats were anaesthetized (urethane; 1.6 g/kg), paralysed and artificially ventilated to record phrenic activity. Rats either received a 50‐nL microinjection of GABA (5 µm) or phosphate‐buffered saline (sham) within the caudal NTS, or no injection prior to being exposed to hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.12; 5 min). NMS enhanced both the frequency and amplitude components of the phrenic response to hypoxia vs controls. GABA microinjection attenuated the phrenic responses in NMS rats only. This result is supported by ligand binding autoradiography results showing that the number of GABAAreceptors within the NTS was 69% greater in NMS vs controls. Despite this increase, the phrenic response to hypoxia of NMS rats is larger than controls, suggesting that the higher responsiveness to GABA microinjection within the NTS is part of a mechanism that aims to compensate for: (i) a deficient GABAergic modulation; (ii) enhancement of excitatory inputs converging onto this structure; or (iii) both.
Recruiting new neurons from the subventricular zone to the rat postnatal cortex: an organotypic slice culture model
Authors: Dayer A. G. , Jenny B. , Potter G. , Sauvain M. O. , Szabó G. , Vutskits L. , Gascon E. , Kiss J. Z. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe neurogenic subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle is a potential source for neuronal replacement in the postnatal or adult neocortex after injury. Here we present a novel model system to directly explore the cellular mechanisms of this process. In order to visualize directed migration from the SVZ towards the cortex, we transplanted green fluorescent protein‐labeled progenitor/stem cells into the SVZ of newborn rats. At 2 days after transplantation, we generated organotypic slice cultures and applied fluorescent time‐lapse imaging to explore directly the migration and integration of donor cells into the host tissue for up to 2 weeks. Our studies revealed that subventricular grafts provide a significant number of immature neurons to neocortical regions. In the cortex, immature neurons first migrate radially towards the pial surface and then differentiate into GABAergic interneurons. We conclude that our model system presents a novel and effective experimental paradigm to evaluate the recruitment of SVZ‐derived neurons into the postnatal cortex, a phenomenon that may represent a potential route for cortical repair.
Activation of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Sawada Yosuke , Hosokawa Hiroshi , Matsumura Kiyoshi , Kobayashi Shigeo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is contained in industrial products, is also generated within cells. H2O2 causes pain but it has not been elucidated how it activates sensory neurons in the pain pathway. Here we show that transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), expressed by sensory neurons in the pain pathway, is a receptor for H2O2. H2O2 activated mouse TRPA1 to induce Ca2+ influx and elicit non‐selective cation currents. These effects of H2O2 were mimicked by both reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. Cysteine‐reducing agents suppressed H2O2‐induced TRPA1 activation, whereas cysteine‐oxidizing agents activated TRPA1. H2O2 caused Ca2+ influx in a subset of dorsal root ganglia neurons, which responded to allyl isothiocyanate, a TRPA1 ligand. These results suggest that TRPA1 might be involved in the sensation of pain caused by H2O2.
Processing of sound location in human cortex
Authors: Lewald Jörg , Riederer Klaus A. J. , Lentz Tobias , Meister Ingo G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis functional magnetic resonance imaging study was focused on the neural substrates underlying human auditory space perception. In order to present natural‐like sound locations to the subjects, acoustic stimuli convolved with individual head‐related transfer functions were used. Activation foci, as revealed by analyses of contrasts and interactions between sound locations, formed a complex network, including anterior and posterior regions of temporal lobe, posterior parietal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal cortex. The distinct topography of this network was the result of different patterns of activation and deactivation, depending on sound location, in the respective voxels. These patterns suggested different levels of complexity in processing of auditory spatial information, starting with simple left/right discrimination in the regions surrounding the primary auditory cortex, while the integration of information on hemispace and eccentricity of sound may take place at later stages. Activations were identified as being located in regions assigned to both the dorsal and ventral auditory cortical streams, that are assumed to be preferably concerned with analysis of spatial and non‐spatial sound features, respectively. The finding of activations also in the ventral stream could, on the one hand, reflect the well‐known functional duality of auditory spectral analysis, that is, the concurrent extraction of information based on location (due to the spectrotemporal distortions caused by head and pinnae) and spectral characteristics of a sound source. On the other hand, this result may suggest the existence of shared neural networks, performing analyses of auditory ‘higher‐order’ cues for both localization and identification of sound sources.
Noradrenergic modulation in the olfactory bulb influences spontaneous and reward‐motivated discrimination, but not the formation of habituation memory
Authors: Mandairon Nathalie , Peace Shane , Karnow Alexandra , Kim Jane , Ennis Matthew , Linster Christiane 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe mammalian main olfactory bulb receives a significant noradrenergic input from the locus coeruleus. Norepinephrine is involved in acquisition of conditioned odor preferences in neonatal animals and in some species‐specific odor dependent behaviors. Thus far, the role of norepinephrine in odor processing in adult rats remains less studied. We tested the role of noradrenergic modulation in the olfactory bulb of cannulated rats by bilateral injections of vehicle (6 µL saline), the α noradrenergic receptor antagonist phentolamine (3.15 or 10 mm), the β noradrenergic receptor antagonist alprenolol (12 or 120 mm), the α1 noradrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin (1 or 10−2 mm) and the α2 noradrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine (2 or 0.02 mm) 20 min before two different behavioral tasks. We found that local blockade of noradrenergic receptors in the olfactory bulb did not affect the formation of habituation memory to an odorant over sequential presentations separated by 5‐min intertrial intervals. However, spontaneous discrimination between chemically related odorants was impaired when noradrenergic receptors, and in particular α1 receptors, were blocked by local antagonist infusion into the olfactory bulb. By contrast, discrimination was improved when β receptors were blocked. These results show that although the formation of a habituation memory to odorants is not affected by noradrenergic modulation, the specificity of this memory is affected. In contrast, reward‐motivated discrimination learning was not impaired, but slowed down in rats in which both α and β receptors had been blocked.
Characterizing the regulation of the Pu promoter in Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1
Authors: Huang Wei E. , Singer Andrew C. , Spiers Andrew J. , Preston Gail M. , Whiteley Andrew S. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryEffective gene trapping and screening requires sensory and regulatory compatibility of both host and exogenous systems. The naturally competent bacterium Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 is able to efficiently take up and integrate exogenous DNA into the chromosome, making it an attractive host system for a wide range of metagenomic applications. To test the ability of A. baylyi ADP1 to express the XylR‐regulated Pu promoter from Pseudomonas putida mt‐2, we have constructed and examined an A. baylyi ADP1 strain, ADPWH‐Pu‐lux‐xylR. The Pu promoter in ADPWH‐Pu‐lux‐xylR was specifically induced by toluene, m‐, p‐ and o‐xylene. The substrate‐induced Pu promoter was highly dependent on the growth medium: it was repressed in rich media until stationary phase, but was immediately induced in minimal medium with glucose as the sole carbon source (MMG). However, the Pu promoter was repressed in MMG when it was supplemented with 5 g l−1 yeast extract. Further investigation showed that the Pu promoter in MMG was repressed by 0.5 g l−1 aspartic acid or asparagine, but not repressed by glutamine. Changing the carbon/nitrogen ratios by addition of ammonia did not significantly affect the Pu promoter activity but addition of nitrate did. These results show that A. baylyi ADP1 reproduced characteristics of the XylR‐regulated Pu promoter observed in its original host. It demonstrates that A. baylyi could provide an excellent genetic host for a wide range of functional metagenomic applications.
Pricing‐to‐Market and Market Structure*
Authors: Bugamelli Matteo , Tedeschi Roberto 
Published: March 2008

AbstractStimulated by imperfect competition/sticky prices framework of the new open economy macroeconomics, empirical research has reconsidered the role of exchange rates in international adjustment. This paper reassesses the link between exchange rates and traded good prices by estimating pricing‐to‐market equations for the five main euro area countries over the period 1990–99. We minimize selection biases by keeping all manufacturing products and all destination markets and show that exchange rate pass‐through (ERPT) is much larger, almost complete, than previously estimated. Thanks to a huge variability in terms of exchange rate variations, products and destination markets, we can map differences in ERPT into market structures and, at the same time, reconcile our results with the empirical literature. We find that ERPT is highly incomplete for sales by oligopolistic industries into advanced economies, indeed in the order of 50–60% as previously estimated. ERPT is instead almost complete in emerging and developing economies where therefore exchange rate movements can help adjust external imbalances. We also find that ERPT is largely asymmetric: it is almost complete after an appreciation of the exporter's currency, rather incomplete after a depreciation. This result is very robust across specifications.
Verbal ability and delinquency: testing the moderating role of psychopathic traits
Authors: Muñoz Luna C. , Frick Paul J. , Kimonis Eva R. , Aucoin Katherine J. 
Published: March 2008

Background:  Impaired verbal abilities are one of the most consistent risk factors for serious antisocial and delinquent behavior. However, individuals with psychopathic traits often show serious antisocial behavior, despite showing no impairment in their verbal abilities. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine whether psychopathy moderates the relationship between verbal abilities and delinquent behavior in a sample of detained youth.Methods:  The sample included 100 detained adolescent boys who were assessed on self‐reported delinquent acts and psychopathic traits, as well as their age at first offense based on official records. Participants also completed a competitive computer task involving two levels of provocation, during which skin conductance was measured. A standard measure of receptive vocabulary was individually administered.Results:  As predicted, there was a significant interaction between callous‐unemotional (CU) traits (a critical dimension of psychopathy) and verbal ability when predicting violent delinquency. Individuals who were high on CU traits with higher scores on the measure of verbal abilities reported the greatest violent delinquency. These individuals also showed the lowest level of skin conductance reactivity during the provocation task.Conclusions:  The results suggest CU traits are an important moderator of the relation between verbal abilities and violent delinquency.
Peer victimization as a predictor of depression and body mass index in obese and non‐obese adolescents
Authors: Adams Ryan E. , Bukowski William M. 
Published: March 2008

Background:  The current study examined the pathway from peer victimization to depressive symptoms and body mass index (BMI) as mediated by self‐concept for physical appearance in both obese and non‐obese adolescents. It was thought that this pathway would be particularly important for obese adolescents because, compared to non‐obese adolescents, they are at risk for being victimized and because the victimization would be more likely to lead to lower self‐concept.Method:  Utilizing data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, the current study examined self‐reports of peer victimization, self‐concept for physical appearance, depressive symptoms, height, and weight in 1,287 adolescents at three time periods over four years starting when the participants were between the ages of 12 and 13.Results:  For non‐obese adolescents, victimization did not predict changes in depressive symptoms and body mass index (BMI) four years later. For obese females, the mediated pathway was found from victimization to self‐concept to both depressive symptoms and increases in BMI. For obese males, the findings were more complicated. In this group, the mediated pathway was found from victimization to self‐concept to decreases in BMI, but a mediated pathway was not found for depressive symptoms.Conclusions:  The current study suggests that a risk‐factor for being victimized, such as obesity, may play an important role in the long‐term effects of victimization by making it more likely that the adolescent will be victimized over the long term but also that victimization can reinforce the negative self‐perceptions that the adolescent already has. It is important to go beyond using obesity as a predictor of long‐term adjustment and examine the processes and experiences of obese individuals that might more directly cause depression or changes in health.
Research Review: The relation between child and parent anxiety and parental control: a meta‐analytic review
Authors: Van Der Bruggen Corine O. , Stams Geert Jan J.M. , Bögels Susan M. 
Published: March 2008

Background:  There is growing research interest in the association between parental control and child anxiety. Parental control may enhance child anxiety and parents may exert control in anticipation of their child’s anxiety‐related distress. Moreover, high levels of anxiety in parents could influence the development of parental control. Whereas past reviews have solely examined the relation between child anxiety and parental control, this meta‐analysis focuses on the associations between both child and parent anxiety and parental control.Methods:  The associations of parent anxiety and child anxiety with observed parental control (k = 23 studies, N = 1,305 parent–child dyads) were investigated using a meta‐analytic approach. Moreover, factors were identified that may function as moderators of these relations, such as parent and child gender, family socioeconomic status, child age, and design and measurement characteristics.Results:  A substantial association between child anxiety and parental control (d = .58) was found. Moderator analyses yielded the strongest effect sizes for studies with an overrepresentation of girls, for school‐aged children, for families from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, and for studies using a discussion task to assess parental control. Although a nonsignificant relation was found for the relation between parent anxiety and parental control (d = .08), small but significant effects were found for school‐aged children, for studies using a discussion task to assess parental control, and for samples with an overrepresentation of boys.Conclusions:  As the direction of the association between child anxiety and parental control is unknown, future studies should use experimental designs to further explore the causal link between child anxiety and parental control.
Na+/H+ exchanger inhibition modifies dopamine neurotransmission during normal and metabolic stress conditions
Authors: Rocha Marcelo A. , Crockett David P. , Wong Lai‐Yoong , Richardson Jason R. , Sonsalla Patricia K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNa+/H+ exchanger (NHE) proteins are involved in intracellular pH and volume regulation and may indirectly influence neurotransmission. The abundant NHE isoform 1 (NHE1) has also been linked to brain cell damage during metabolic stress. It is not known, however, whether NHE1 or other NHE isoforms play a role in striatal dopamine (DA) neurotransmission under normal or metabolic stress conditions. Our study tested the hypothesis that NHE inhibition with cariporide mesilate (HOE‐642) modifies striatal DA overflow and DAergic terminal damage in mice caused by the mitochondrial inhibitor malonate. We also explored the expression of NHE1–5 in the striatum and substantia nigra. Reverse microdialysis of HOE‐642 elicited a transient elevation followed by a reduction in DA overflow accompanied by a decline in striatal DA content. HOE‐642 pre‐treatment diminished the malonate‐induced DA overflow without reducing the intensity of the metabolic stress or subsequent DAergic axonal damage. Although NHE isoforms 1–5 are expressed in the striatum and midbrain, NHE1 protein was not co‐located on nigrostriatal DAergic neurons. The absence of NHE1 co‐location on DAergic neurons suggests that the effects of HOE‐642 on striatal DA overflow are either mediated via NHE1 located on other cell types or that HOE‐642 is acting through multiple NHE isoforms.
Progressive Cardiomyopathic Lentiginosis: Report of Six Cases and One Autopsy
Authors: Ruiz‐Maldonado Ramon , Trevizo Lourdes , Tamayo Lourdes , de los Rios Miguel F. , Skurovich Mario , Carrillo Joaquin , Dominguez Dagoberto , del Castillo Victoria 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Progressive Cardiomyopathic lentiginosis (PCL) is a syndrome with progressive multisystem abnormalities. Lentigines, the cutaneous hallmark, are usually present from early age and are of utmost diagnostic value.Six children with PCL arc reported. The most constant diagnostic features in this age group were multiple cutaneous lentigines, structural cardiac anomalies, and electrocardiographic alterations. Less constant findings were neurosensory deafness, short stature, and osseous, ocular, and genitourinary abnormalities.
Disseminated Cutaneous Nocardia Brasiliensis Infection
Authors: Cailen Jeffrey P. , Kingman John 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Nocardia brasiliensis is an uncommon pathogen in the United States despite its presence in soil samples. It is most frequently seen in patients who are immunosuppressed, but can occur in the immunocompetent host also. Usually in a healthy host the infection is localized to one area of the body. Disseminated infection was diagnosed in a healthy child who recovered fully after initiation of oral sulfonamide therapy. We suspect that the source was soil to which the patient was exposed during a family camping trip. Nocardia asteroides is the most frequent cause of nocardial infections in North America (1). These infections are unusual in healthy individuals, occurring more often in immunologically compromised hosts (1). They are usually acquired by a pulmonary route and may disseminate widely, most commonly to the central nervous system and skin. Nocardia brasiliensis, when it does occur in the United States, usually causes a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous infection manifesting itself as mycetoma, abscess, or ulcer (2). We saw acute suppurative lymphocutaneous Nocardia brasiliensis infection in an otherwise healthy 2‐year‐old boy.