bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Vastus-Splitting and Median Parapatellar Approaches for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized Study
Authors: Kelly Matthew J. , Rumi Mustasim N. , Kothari Milind , Parentis Michael A. , Bailey Katrina J. , Parrish William M. , Pellegrini Vincent D. 
Published: March 2007

BACKGROUND:
A vastus-splitting approach for total knee arthroplasty has been advocated to preserve function of the extensor mechanism and to decrease the prevalence of lateral release. Critics have claimed that there is greater blood loss and compromised exposure in large patients who are managed with this approach. The purpose of the present study was to compare vastus-splitting and median parapatellar approaches for primary total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS:
Forty-two consecutive patients (fifty-one knees) undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty were randomized to treatment with a median parapatellar or vastus-splitting approach. The interval of the vastus muscle split was marked with radiopaque vascular clips. Surgical data, functional parameters, and preoperative and postoperative electromyograms were assessed.
RESULTS:
Early (six-month) and intermediateterm (five-year) follow-up showed no differences in functional parameters, tourniquet time, or the frequency of patellar resurfacing. Significantly more lateral releases (p < 0.01) and greater blood loss (p = 0.03) occurred in the median parapatellar group. Nine (43%) of twenty-one knees in the vastus-splitting group had abnormal electromyographic findings at six months postoperatively, whereas all patients in the median parapatellar group had normal findings. Seven knees with abnormal electromyographic findings at six months had normal findings when restudied at five years; in each of these knees, the vastus split had been developed bluntly. The other two knees with abnormal findings at six months had had sharp dissection for the muscle split. Both of these knees had chronic changes, one with changes indicative of reinnervation and the other with ongoing denervation, but neither demonstrated functional compromise.
CONCLUSIONS:
The vastus-splitting approach offers a viable alternative to the median parapatellar approach for primary total knee arthroplasty that reduces the need for lateral retinacular release without impairment of quadriceps function. Electromyographic abnormalities in the quadriceps muscle have no functional consequence and most likely represent reversible neurapraxic injury that may be avoided by blunt dissection in the vastus medialis muscle.
Mercury Distribution in Medium‐Size Rivers and Reservoirs of the São Paulo State (Southeast Brazil)
Authors: Tomazelli Andréa Cristina , Martinelli Luiz Antonio , Krug Francisco José , Santos Dario , Ruffini Iolanda , Barbosa de Camargo Plínio , Horvat Milena 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to investigate mercury (Hg) levels in six meso‐scale watersheds (Upper Paranapanema, Aguapeí, Peixe, São José dos Dourados, Mogi‐Guaçu, and Piracicaba) of the São Paulo state to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of Hg contamination in Brazil. Water, sediment, bivalves, and fish samples were collected during 2001 at 11 sites. Fish were also collected in the Jurumirim and Salto Grande Reservoirs which are 39 and 52 yr old since impoundment, respectively. Results showed that Hg concentrations were low in almost all samples, except fish from Jurumirim Reservoir (total mercury [T‐Hg] = 1.14 ± 0.55 mg kg−1 wet wt.). In spite of industrialization and high population, the results showed that there was no important source of Hg contamination in the investigated areas. The higher concentrations found in fish from Jurumirim seem to be the result of processes that favor Hg mobilization and methylation as a consequence of the impoundment of the reservoir area. The same levels were not observed in the Salto Grande Reservoir, probably because these are no longer significant due to the long time since the impoundment. To understand the dynamics of methylmercury (MeHg) production and its accumulation in fish, further studies are needed in the Jurumirim Reservoir. The results show that even at low T‐Hg concentrations in sediment and water, concentrations in fish can reach values that pose concerns for consumption. This emphasizes the importance of designing an optimized biomonitoring program that can provide warning of biogeochemical conditions that promote formation of MeHg.
Influence of borderline hip dysplasia on joint kinematics of clinically sound Belgian Shepherd dogs
Authors: Bockstahler Barbara A. , Henninger Wolfgang , Müller Marion , Mayrhofer Elisabeth , Peham Christian , Podbregar Iztok 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Objective—To detect changes in joint kinematics of clinically sound dogs with or without radiographically detectable borderline hip dysplasia (HD).
Animals—20 Belgian Shepherd Dogs (Malinois; mean ± SD age, 2.75 ± 1.32 years) with no clinical signs of HD.
Procedures—Kinematic gait analysis was performed in Malinois walking on a treadmill. On the basis of results of radiographic examination for HD and in accordance with guidelines established by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale, dogs were assigned to group 1 (no radiographic signs of HD; 8 dogs) or group 2 (borderline HD; 12 dogs). Ground reaction forces and weight distribution among limbs and differences between groups were evaluated. Maximal sagittal angle during the stance and swing phases, the time at which they were detected, and angle velocities were calculated for joints of the hind limbs.
Results—Ground reaction forces revealed no differences between groups. Dogs in group 1 had significant changes (earlier time for maximal flexion of the hip joint and less flexion and less range of motion of the stifle joint), compared with results for dogs in group 2. Maximal angle velocity of the stifle and tarsal joints was significantly lower during the swing phase in group 1 than in group 2.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—This study revealed that dogs with borderline HD had altered joint kinematics. Our data provide basic kinematic values for clinically sound and affected dogs and can be used to investigate the long-term effects for subclinical radiographic changes of the hip joints of dogs.
Single-slice dynamic computed tomographic determination of glomerular filtration rate by use of Patlak plot analysis in anesthetized pigs
Authors: Alexander Kate , del Castillo Jérôme R. E. , Ybarra Norma , Morin Valérie , Gauvin Domianique , Authier Simon , Vinay Patrick , Troncy Éric 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Objective—To compare glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as estimated from Patlak plot analysis by use of single-slice computed tomography (CT) with that obtained from clearance of plasma inulin in pigs.
Animals—8 healthy anesthetized juvenile pigs.
Procedures—All pigs underwent precontrast, whole-kidney, helical CT; postcontrast single-slice dynamic CT; and postcontrast, whole-kidney CT for volume determination. On dynamic images, corrected Hounsfield unit values were determined for each kidney and the aorta. A Patlak plot for each kidney was generated, and plasma clearance per unit volume was multiplied by renal volume to obtain whole-animal contrast clearance. Mean GFR determined via inulin clearance (Inu-GFR) was measured from each kidney and correlated to mean GFR determined via CT (CT-GFR) for the left kidney, right kidney, and both kidneys by use of linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses.
Results—CT-GFR results from 7 pigs were valid. Total and right kidney Inu-GFR were correlated with total and right kidney CT-GFR (total, R2 = 0.85; right kidney, R2 = 0.86). However, left kidney CT-GFR was poorly correlated with left kidney Inu-GFR (R2 = 0.47). Bland-Altman analysis revealed no significant bias between Inu-GFR and CT-GFR for the left kidney, right kidney, or both kidneys.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—CT-GFR as determined by use of a single-slice acquisition technique, low-dose of iohexol, and Patlak plot analysis correlated without bias with Inu-GFR for the right kidney and both kidneys (combined). This technique has promise as an accurate CT-GFR method that can be combined with renal morphologic evaluation.
In vitro effects of reactive oxygen metabolites, with and without flunixin meglumine, on equine colonic mucosa
Authors: Inoue Olivia J. , Freeman David E. , Wallig Matthew A. , Clarkson Robert B. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), with and without flunixin meglumine, on equine right ventral colon (RVC) in vitro.
Animals—18 healthy horses and ponies.
Procedures—In 3 groups of 6 animals each, short-circuit current and conductance were measured in RVC mucosa in Ussing chambers. The 3 groups received physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, IV, 10 minutes before euthanasia and tissue incubation in Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate (KRB) solution; flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, IV) 10 minutes before euthanasia and tissue incubation in KRB solution; or physiologic saline solution, IV, 10 minutes before euthanasia and incubation in KRB solution with 2.7 × 10−5M flunixin meglumine. Incubation conditions included control (no addition) and ROM systems, including addition of 1mM xanthine and 80 mU of xanthine oxidase (to produce the superoxide radical), 1mM H2O2, and 1mM H2O2 and 0.5mM ferrous sulfate (to produce the hydroxyl radical).
Results—All ROMs that were added or generated significantly increased the short-circuit current except in tissues coincubated with flunixin meglumine, and they induced mild epithelial vacuolation and apoptosis, but did not disrupt the epithelium nor change conductance, lactate dehydrogenase release, or [3H]mannitol flux.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Responses to ROMs could be attributed to increased chloride secretion and inhibited neutral NaCl absorption in equine RVC, possibly by stimulating prostaglandin production. The ROMs examined under conditions of this study could play a role in prostaglandin-mediated colonic secretion in horses with enterocolitis without causing direct mucosal injury.
In vitro effects of bethanechol on specimens of intestinal smooth muscle obtained from the duodenum and jejunum of healthy dairy cows
Authors: Pfeiffer Julia B. R. , Mevissen Meike , Steiner Adrian , Portier Christopher J. , Meylan Mireille 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Objective—To describe the in vitro effects of bethanechol on contractility of smooth muscle preparations from the small intestines of healthy cows and define the muscarinic receptor subtypes involved in mediating contraction.
Sample Population—Tissue samples from the duodenum and jejunum collected immediately after slaughter of 40 healthy cows.
Procedures—Cumulative concentration-response curves were determined for the muscarinic receptor agonist bethanechol with or without prior incubation with subtype-specific receptor antagonists in an organ bath. Effects of bethanechol and antagonists and the influence of intestinal location on basal tone, maximal amplitude (Amax), and area under the curve (AUC) were evaluated.
Results—Bethanechol induced a significant, concentration-dependent increase in all preparations and variables. The effect of bethanechol was more pronounced in jejunal than in duodenal samples and in circular than in longitudinal preparations. Significant inhibition of the effects of bethanechol was observed after prior incubation with muscarinic receptor subtype M3 antagonists (more commonly for basal tone than for Amax and AUC). The M2 receptor antagonists partly inhibited the response to bethanechol, especially for basal tone. The M3 receptor antagonists were generally more potent than the M2 receptor antagonists. In a protection experiment, an M3 receptor antagonist was less potent than when used in combination with an M2 receptor antagonist. Receptor antagonists for M1 and M4 did not affect contractility variables.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Bethanechol acting on muscarinic receptor sub-types M2 and M3 may be of clinical use as a prokinetic drug for motility disorders of the duodenum and jejunum in dairy cows.
Results of a survey of owners of miniature swine to characterize husbandry practices affecting risks of foreign animal disease
Authors: Marshall Edith S. , Carpenter Tim E. , Thurmond Mark C. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Objective—To characterize husbandry practices that could affect the risks of foreign animal disease in miniature swine.
Design—Survey study.
Study Population—106 owners of miniature swine.
Procedures—An online survey of owners of miniature swine was conducted to obtain information about miniature pig and owner demographics; pig husbandry; movements of pigs; and pig contacts with humans, other miniature swine, and livestock.
Results—12 states, 106 premises, and 317 miniature swine were represented in the survey. More than a third (35%) of miniature swine owners also owned other livestock species. Regular contact with livestock species at other premises was reported by 13% of owners. More than a third of owners visited shows or fairs (39%) and club or association events (37%) where miniature swine were present. More than 40% of owners fed food waste to miniature swine. Approximately half (48%) of the veterinarians providing health care for miniature swine were in mixed-animal practice.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study indicated that miniature swine kept as pets can be exposed, directly and indirectly, to feed and other livestock, potentially introducing, establishing, or spreading a foreign animal disease such as foot-and-mouth disease. In addition, the veterinary services and carcass disposal methods used by miniature swine owners may reduce the likelihood of sick or dead pigs undergoing ante- or postmortem examination by a veterinarian.
Opioid Receptors
Authors: Pasternak Gavril W. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The opiate peptides and opiate receptors comprise a highly complex system within the central nervous system (CNS). Although intimately involved with analgesia and pain modulation, they have a host of other functions. Three classes of opioid receptors were proposed from classical pharmacological studies and each family has been cloned. Early work proposing multiple μ‐opioid receptors also have been confirmed with the isolation and identification of a host of splice variants of the μ‐opioid receptor MOR‐1. The complexity of the opioid system is further illustrated by the tendency of opioid receptors to dimerize and associate with other opioid receptors as well as unrelated classes of G‐protein‐coupled receptors.
Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis
Authors: Cameron Heather A. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Several neuronal populations in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) continue to be generated from dividing precursor cells well into adulthood. A large number of factors regulating adult neurogenesis have now been identified, including specific experiences, as well as hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors. Distinct factors control neuronal precursor proliferation and survival of the young neurons, and distinct, though somewhat overlapping, factors control these processes in the dentate gyrus and olfactory bulb. Although no coherent picture has emerged to connect all of the regulatory factors, there appears to be a direct relationship between the ability to increase neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and anti‐depressant properties, either in humans or animal models. This review discusses the large number of factors currently known to regulate cell proliferation and survival of young neurons in the dentate gyrus and olfactory bulb.
Neurotrophins and Their Receptors
Authors: Bothwell Mark 
Published: March 2007

Abstract

A small family of growth factors known as neurotrophins regulates many different aspects of neuronal function. Although neurotrophins are best known for their ability to promote the survival of embryonic neurons, and to promote growth of neuronal axons, during neural development, neurotrophins also are important regulators of plasticity and synaptic function in the adult nervous system. These functions are mediated by four different receptor proteins—TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, and p75
NTR
.
Tourette's Syndrome and Pharmacotherapy
Authors: van Wattum Pieter Joost , Leckman James F. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This chapter describes the neurobiology and the pharmacological treatment of Tourette's Syndrome (TS). The current understanding of the phenomenology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, neurochemical and neuroanatomical factors are reviewed, as well as the influence that comorbidities, genetic, environmental, and immunological factors may have on the clinical course of TS. Finally, an up to date overview of pharmacological and non pharmacological treatments for TS is described.
Neuropharmacology of Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Glaser Paul E. A. , Castellanos F. Xavier , Margulies Daniel S. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of various treatment options for Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). While methylphenidate in various forms remains the mainstay of pharmacological treatment, amphetamine and non‐stimulant options are also viable and increasingly supported by controlled trials. The authors provide a comprehensive review of the literature which informs the concluding reflections on clinical practice in this rapidly evolving field.
Individual differences conducive to aggression and violence: trajectories and correlates of irritability and hostile rumination through adolescence
Authors: Caprara Gian Vittorio , Paciello Marinella , Gerbino Maria , Cugini Claudia 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study examined the developmental trends of Irritability and Hostile Rumination at different times over the course of adolescence in a sample of 500 youth. Participants were 12 years old at the time of the first assessment and 20 years old at the last assessment time. Three objectives were pursued: (a) investigation of the stability and change of both Irritability and Hostile Rumination; (b) identification of developmental trajectories of Irritability and Hostile Rumination; and (c) determination of whether different trajectories of Irritability and Rumination were significantly related to physical and verbal aggression and violent conduct at age 20. Results showed that Irritability and Hostile Rumination were highly correlated and stable over time. Four developmental trajectories were identified for both dimensions. Whereas most of the participants demonstrated stable mean levels of Irritability, half of the youth either increased or decreased in their level of Hostile Rumination over time. In addition, high Irritability trajectories were associated with high physical and verbal aggression while high Hostile Rumination trajectories were associated with high levels of violent behavior. Aggr. Behav. 33:359–374, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) predation on primates in Caratinga Biological Station, Southeast Brazil
Authors: Bianchi Rita De Cassia , Mendes Sérgio Lucena 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study demonstrates that ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) extensively use primates as a food resource at the Caratinga Biological Station (CBS) in Southeast Brazil. Analysis of 60 fecal samples collected over 4 years revealed predation upon the brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba), the muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus), and the brown capuchin monkey (Cebus apella). The most frequent items found in the fecal samples analyzed were Calomys (n=16) and non‐identified Aves (n=15), followed by A. guariba (n=12). Although Rodentia was the most common group consumed (n=52) Primates were found in 27% of total fecal samples and were the third most consumed group in relation to the total items. Particularly, predation of A. guariba by ocelots (20% of the total fecal samples) was not an isolated event; our results showed that this species was preyed on across several months. Predation on primates was far higher at CBS than at other sites where comparable studies have been carried out. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1173–1178, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primate abundance along five transect lines at ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda
Authors: Teelen Simone 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUsing the line transect methods, I studied the primate density at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda for 18 months. Comparisons with other studies show that the population of red colobus monkeys (Procolobus rufomitratus) and blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) is declining, whereas the populations of black‐and‐white colobus (Colobus guereza), red‐tailed monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius), grey‐cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena), baboons (Papio anubis), and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) remain constant or slightly increase. In this paper, I compare data on density from this study to data from previous and recent censuses at Ngogo and with data from other sites in the Kibale forest to examine the stability of primate populations. Furthermore, I test the hypothesis that the changes in red colobus and blue monkey density are due to changes in the forest structure and abundance of their most selected feeding trees, and show that changes in forest composition cannot account for changes in their red colobus abundance, but that hunting by chimpanzees provides a reasonable explanation. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1030–1044, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beliefs about the causes of osteoarthritis among primary care patients
Authors: Turner A. P. , Barlow J. H. , Buszewicz M. , Atkinson A. , Rait G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveBeliefs about the causes of osteoarthritis (OA) have been examined infrequently. The purpose of this study was to provide insight into patients' beliefs about the causes of OA in a primary care population.MethodsThis study involved 31 individuals with OA who were purposively sampled to reflect age, sex, and self‐efficacy scores from the intervention arm of a randomized controlled trial examining the effectiveness of an arthritis self‐management program in primary care. Participants took part in face‐to‐face interviews. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenologic analysis.ResultsA total of 31 patients with OA (17 [55%] men) with a median age of 68 years (range 56–84 years) were recruited. OA and painful joints were considered to be an inevitable aspect of aging rather than an indication of disease. Participants attributed the cause of OA to multiple factors, the most commonly reported being wear and tear.ConclusionInsight into beliefs about the causes of OA among older people may help explain attitudes towards the uptake of health care among this group of patients.
TOP‐curves
Authors: Egghe Leo , Rousseau Ronald , Rousseau Sandra 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeveral characteristics of classical Lorenz curves make them unsuitable for the study of a group of top‐performers. TOP‐curves, defined as a kind of mirror image of TIP‐curves used in poverty studies, are shown to possess the properties necessary for adequate empirical ranking of various data arrays, based on the properties of the highest performers (i.e., the core). TOP‐curves and essential TOP‐curves, also introduced in this article, simultaneously represent the incidence, intensity, and inequality among the top. It is shown that TOP‐dominance partial order, introduced in this article, is stronger than Lorenz dominance order. In this way, this article contributes to the study of cores, a central issue in applied informetrics.