bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel method to identify the Chinese herbal medicine Wuzhimaotao by quantification of laticifers
Authors: Au Dawn Tung , Chen Hubiao , Jiang Zhihong , Zhao Zhongzhen 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHistology and the microscope have been used to identify Chinese herbal medicines for a long time. However, research on using the microscope for quantitative determination of identification characters is limited. A novel method which combines histological and microscopic analysis of laticifers by “blob” analysis is established to identify Wuzhimaotao, which is derived from species of Ficus (primarily F. hirta Vahl, but F. simplicissima Lour., F. hirta Vahl var. imberbis Gagnep., and F. esquiroliana Lévl. are also used). Results indicate that laticifers, which are stained orange‐red by Sudan III, are mainly scattered in the phloem of Wuzhimaotao. The blob area of the laticifers is varied according to the species: F. hirta Vahl, F. simplicissima Lour., F. hirta Vahl var. imberbis Gagnep., and F. esquiroliana Lévl. showed 86,609 ± 3,768 (mean ± SD, n = 10), 48,582 ± 2,603 (n = 10), 68,745 ± 2,179 (n = 5), and 27,966 ± 2,121 (n = 3) blob area, respectively. By directly measuring the blob area of laticifers in transverse sections, we could distinguish species of Wuzhimaotao in the same genus which were difficult to distinguish by microscopic examination of the dry roots, and we could provide objective data to describe and standardize the characters observed in microscopic images. This method is rapid, accurate, and inexpensive. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is Diurodrilus an annelid?
Authors: Worsaae Katrine , Rouse Greg W. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractInterstitial marine meiofaunal worms of the genus Diurodrilus have always been considered part of Annelida, either as basal or derived, though generally with reference to Dinophilidae. New evidence shows that Diurodrilus has a unique anatomy, and lacks key annelid features, possibly even segmentation. We assessed the systematic position of Diurodrilus among other protostome animals via light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy studies of anatomy, focusing on musculature, the nervous system, as well as molecular sequence data. We show that there is little morphological or molecular evidence to support a relationship with Dinophilidae or any other annelids. Diurodrilus has some similarities to Micrognathozoa, though the latter shows complex jaws. On the basis of the configuration of the nervous system and the cuticle we regard Diurodrilus to belong to Spiralia, possibly close to Annelida; however, until further evidence is acquired it should be regarded as incertae sedis in this large animal clade. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparative isolation and purification of two amides from Mallotus lianus Croiz by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Jiang Liyan , Lu Yanbin , He Shan , Pan Yuanjiang , Sun Cuirong , Wu Tianxing 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHigh‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC) was applied to the preparative isolation and purification of two amides from Mallotus lianus Croiz. In a single HSCCC separation, using the two‐phase solvent system composed of n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (5:1:5:1 v/v), 247.5 mg of the enriched crude sample was separated to afford 10.3 mg of N‐isobutyl‐2E,4E,12Z‐octadecatrienamide and 15.7 mg of (7Z,10Z,18Z)tricosa‐7,10,18‐trienamide, a novel compound, with the purities of 98.0 and 94.6%, respectively. The HSCCC fractions were analyzed by HPLC and chemical structures of the compounds were identified by 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, ESI‐, and GC‐MS.
Analytical procedure to simultaneously measure trace amounts of trenbolone acetate and β‐trenbolone residues in porcine muscle using HPLC‐UVD and MS
Authors: Liu Xue , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Choi Jeong‐Heui , Khay Sathya , Mamun M. I. R. , Jeon Hyang‐Rang , Lee Soon‐Ho , Chang Byung‐Joon , Lee Chi‐Ho , Shin Ho‐Chul , Shim Jae‐Han 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe current study was undertaken to validate the performance for the determination of both TBA and β‐trenbolone (β‐TB) residues in porcine muscle at concentrations required to monitor compliance with the maximum residue limit (MRL). The method involves a one phase liquid–liquid extraction, cleanup with low‐temperature fat precipitation, separation of the respective compounds by HPLC on a Capcell pak C18 column, use of a methanol–water isocratic system as an eluent, and measurement by UV absorbance detection at 340 nm. Both compounds were confirmed using LC‐MS/MS with electrospray interface (ESI) and a triple quadrupole (QqQ) analyzer. The method was found to be precise and accurate, with a linearity range of 1–10 μg/kg (r2 >0.973). The intra‐ and interday precision showed good reproducibility with RSDs ⪇13.25%. The LODs were 0.12 and 0.22 μg/kg, and the LOQs were 0.37 and 0.66 μg/kg, for TBA and β‐TB, respectively. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analyzing real samples collected from major cities in the Republic of Korea. No residues of the selected compounds were detected in any of the samples. The advantages of our method are that it is: selective, sensitive, requires a short time for analysis (13 min), and performs simple sample extraction and clean‐up procedure with low‐temperature fat precipitation as compared to the previously published methods.
Unique Size‐Change Behavior of Photo‐Crosslinked Cinnamic Acid Derivative Nanoparticles during Hydrolytic Degradation
Authors: Shi Dongjian , Matsusaki Michiya , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA unique size change of photo‐crosslinkable poly[(3,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid)‐co‐(4‐hydroxycinnamic acid)] nanoparticles was observed during hydrolytic degradation depending on the crosslinking degree. The diameter of uncrosslinked nanoparticles decreased from 850 to 300 nm during hydrolysis, whereas that of 75% crosslinked nanoparticles increased from 700 to 950 nm. The diameter changes of crosslinked nanoparticles during hydrolysis might be induced by swelling of the crosslinked networks depending on the crosslinking degree. Moreover, the diameter of the uncrosslinked nanoparticle recovered by additional UV irradiation during hydrolysis. These results suggested that the diameter of the nanoparticles could be controlled even during hydrolysis by UV irradiation.magnified image
Compatibilization through Specific Interactions and Dynamic Fragility in Poly(D,L‐lactide)/Polystyrene Blends
Authors: Zuza Ester , Lejardi Ainhoa , Ugartemendia Jone M. , Monasterio Nuria , Meaurio Emilio , Sarasua Jose‐Ramon 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIncorporation of OH groups into PS by copolymerization with hydroxystyrene caused specific OH···OC interactions with carbonyl groups of PDLLA. PDLLA blends with PSHS16 were completely miscible across the whole composition range, showing a single glass transition. Specific interactions and phase structure were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. DMA around Tg using the WLF theory and Angell's dynamic fragility concept revealed that specific interactions are not acting as other topological constraints (cross‐links, crystalline lamellae, silicate layers), since they rather provide a retardation of segmental dynamics.magnified image
Distinguishing standard SBL‐algebras with involutive negations by propositional formulas
Authors: Haniková Zuzana , Savický Petr 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPropositional fuzzy logics given by a combination of a continuous SBL t‐norm with finitely many idempotents and of an involutive negation are investigated. A characterization of continuous t‐norms which, in combination with different involutive negations, yield either isomorphic algebras or algebras with distinct and incomparable sets of propositional tautologies is presented. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Non‐elementary speed‐ups in logic calculi
Authors: Arai Toshiyasu 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this paper we show some non‐elementary speed‐ups in logic calculi: Both a predicative second‐order logic and a logic for fixed points of positive formulas are shown to have non‐elementary speed‐ups over first‐order logic. Also it is shown that eliminating second‐order cut formulas in second‐order logic has to increase sizes of proofs super‐exponentially, and the same in eliminating second‐order epsilon axioms. These are proved by relying on results due to P. Pudlák. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication and Properties of Vegetable‐Oil‐Based Glass Fiber Composites by Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Henna Phillip H. , Kessler Michael R. , Larock Richard C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractGlass fiber biobased composites have been prepared by ROMP of a commercially available vegetable oil derivative possessing an unsaturated bicyclic moiety, and DCPD. The resins and the corresponding composites have been characterized thermophysically and mechanically. Higher DCPD content yields materials with higher glass transition temperatures. Glass fibers significantly improve the tensile modulus of the resin from 28.7 to 168 MPa. These biobased composites utilize only a limited amount of a petroleum‐based monomer, while employing substantial amounts of a renewable resource.magnified image
A structural look at consumer innovativeness and self‐congruence in new product purchases
Authors: Cowart Kelly O. , Fox Gavin L. , Wilson Andrew E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractConsumer innovativeness and new product purchasing literatures are replete with solid yet unrelated theories that have not been considered simultaneously as part of a larger psychological framework. This oversight limits the ability of practitioners to effectively target the valuable consumer innovators market segment. In this study, an approach/avoidance framework of new product purchase intentions is discussed and empirically tested via structural equation modeling. Consumer innovativeness, self‐congruence, and satisfaction play the role of approach mechanisms, while perceived risk acts as an avoidance mechanism. The authors combine a set of related yet disconnected theories, while suggesting a means of appealing to consumer innovators through a specific form of self‐congruence. A sample of 741 students is employed to examine these issues. Several notable findings are highlighted, including verification of indirect relationships between the independent variables and behavioral intent. Model fit is excellent and results are consistent across the handheld devices, home entertainment, and music industries. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fragmentations of (M–H)− anions of underivatised peptides. Part 2: Characteristic cleavages of Ser and Cys and of disulfides and other post‐translational modifications, together with some unusual internal processes
Authors: Bilusich Daniel , Bowie John. H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn a previous review (Bowie, Brinkworth, & Dua (2002); Mass Spectrom Rev 21:87–107) we described the characteristic backbone cleavages and side chain fragmentations which occur from (M–H)− parent anions of underivatized peptides. This work is briefly summarized in the present review. Cys was not described in the previous review: here we describe the Cys characteristic side chain loss of H2S, together with its γ backbone cleavage. These processes are compared with those of the related Ser. All experimental observations are backed up with theoretical studies at the HF/6‐31G(d)//AM1 level of theory, a level of theory which we have shown gives good geometries and acceptable relative energies. The negative ion cleavages of a number of post‐translational modifications are described. Negative ion mass spectrometry is the method of choice for identification of disulfides in both peptides and proteins. Intramolecular disulfides are identified by the presence of the fragment anion [(M–H)−–H2S2], and CID MS2 of this fragment normally identifies the positions of the two Cys residues and often the full sequence of the peptide. An unsymmetrically substituted intermolecular disulfide can give up to eight characteristic fragment anions, and CID MS2 of some, or all of these often provides the full sequence of those peptides which form the initial intermolecular disulfide linkage. Negative ion cleavages of disulfides are the most energetically favored of all peptide negative cleavages studied to date. Negative ion mass spectrometry is also valuable for the identification of pyroglutamates, sulfates and phosphates. Finally, some unusual fragmentations are described which involve cyclization/elimination reactions which require the decomposing (M–H)− parent anions to adopt the same helical conformation that these peptides have in solution. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 28:20–34, 2009
Bromocriptine use and the risk of valvular heart disease
Authors: Tan Louis C.S. , Ng Kenneth K.C. , Au Wing‐Lok , Lee Raymond K.K. , Chan Yiong‐Huak , Tan Nigel C.K. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIt has been reported that patients on pergolide and carbergoline have an increased risk of developing valvular heart disease. It is uncertain if bromocriptine, an ergot‐derived dopamine agonist (DA) with partial 5‐HT2B activity, is associated with a similar risk. We assessed the frequency of valvular heart disease in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients on bromocriptine compared to pergolide and a control group of PD patients who had not been treated on any DA. Seventy‐two PD patients on bromocriptine, 21 patients on pergolide, and 47 control PD patients were recruited. Transthoracic echocardiographic studies were performed and reviewed by a blinded cardiologist. The risk for the bromocriptine group to develop any abnormal valvular regurgitation was 3.32 (adjusted OR, 95% CI: 1.11–9.92, P = 0.03) compared to controls, whereas the risk for the pergolide group was 3.66 (adjusted OR, 95% CI: 1.22–10.97, P = 0.02). When cumulative dose of bromocriptine was analyzed by quartiles, patients with a greater exposure to bromocriptine had significantly higher risk of developing both mild and moderate‐severe regurgitations (P for trend, 0.005 and 0.019, respectively). This study demonstrated that bromocriptine use was associated with an increased risk of developing valvular heart disease, which occurred in a cumulative dose‐dependent manner. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Soy, isoflavones, and prostate cancer
Authors: Jian Le 
Published: November 2008

AbstractProstate cancer has marked geographic variations between countries. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors co‐contribute to the development of the cancer. The association between dietary factors and prostate cancer has been investigated and one explanation for the low incidence of the cancer in Asia might be high consumption of fresh vegetables including soybean and its products. Soybean is a species of legume contain high amount of isoflavones including genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and equol, which have a prophylactic effect on prostate cancer. In this article, epidemiological and laboratory studies on the relationship between soybeans, isoflavones and prostate cancer are reviewed and large scale multiethnic epidemiological studies are recommended.
Tea, Coffee and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lee Andy H. , Fraser Michelle L. , Binns Colin W. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWorldwide, prostate cancer has the second highest incidence of all cancers in males with incidence and mortality being much higher in affluent developed countries. Risk and progression of the disease may be linked to both genetic and environmental factors, especially dietary factors. Tea and coffee are two of the most popular beverages in the world and have been investigated for possible effects on health outcomes, including cancer. However, very little dietary advice for their consumption exists. The evidence for a relationship between coffee or tea consumption and prostate cancer is reviewed in this paper. While current evidence indicates that coffee is a safe beverage, its consumption probably has no relationship with prostate cancer. Tea, especially green tea, has shown some potential in the prevention of prostate cancer. While evidence from epidemiologic studies is currently inconclusive, strong evidence has emerged from animal and in vitro studies. We also consider what level of evidence is required to make recommendations for preventive measures to the public. Although evidence on the relationship between coffee, tea and prostate cancer is not complete, we consider it strong enough to recommend tea as a healthier alternative to coffee.
Solid‐state natural abundance 25Mg NMR studies of Na2MgEDTA·4H2O—a possible new reference compound for 25Mg NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Freitas Jair C. C. , Wong Alan , Smith Mark E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNatural abundance solid‐state 25Mg NMR measurements were made of the disodium salt of magnesium ethylenediaminetetraacetate tetrahydrate (Na2MgEDTA·4H2O). Both magic angle spinning (MAS) and static experiments were employed to determine the quadrupole coupling constant (Cq) and the asymmetry parameter (ηq) of the electric field gradient (EFG) tensor associated with 25Mg in this compound, giving the values Cq = 1.675(5) MHz and ηq = 0.15(1). The isotropic chemical shift was determined to be δiso = 0.25(10) ppm (relative to 11 M MgCl2 aqueous solution) and a small chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) contribution (∼− 13 ppm) was detected, one of the first CSA reports in 25Mg NMR. This compound exhibited remarkably good 25Mg NMR sensitivity, due to its fast spin‐lattice relaxation and modest quadrupole coupling, which allowed its use as a secondary shift reference and as a test sample for the implementation and optimisation of signal‐enhancement methods in 25Mg NMR spectroscopy, such as double frequency sweeps (DFS) and the use of adiabatic hyperbolic secant (HS) and WURST pulses. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some numerical issues using element‐free Galerkin mesh‐less method for coupled hydro‐mechanical problems
Authors: Oliaei Mohammad Norouz , Soga Kenichi , Pak Ali 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA new formulation of the element‐free Galerkin (EFG) method is developed for solving coupled hydro‐mechanical problems. The numerical approach is based on solving the two governing partial differential equations of equilibrium and continuity of pore water simultaneously. Spatial variables in the weak form, i.e. displacement increment and pore water pressure increment, are discretized using the same EFG shape functions. An incremental constrained Galerkin weak form is used to create the discrete system equations and a fully implicit scheme is used for discretization in the time domain. Implementation of essential boundary conditions is based on a penalty method. Numerical stability of the developed formulation is examined in order to achieve appropriate accuracy of the EFG solution for coupled hydro‐mechanical problems. Examples are studied and compared with closed‐form or finite element method solutions to demonstrate the validity of the developed model and its capabilities. The results indicate that the EFG method is capable of handling coupled problems in saturated porous media and can predict well both the soil deformation and variation of pore water pressure over time. Some guidelines are proposed to guarantee the accuracy of the EFG solution for coupled hydro‐mechanical problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large stress reversals in true triaxial tests on cross‐anisotropic sand
Authors: Yamamuro Jerry A. , Lade Poul V. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe results of a series of true triaxial tests with stress paths involving large reversals under 3D conditions are presented. These tests were performed on medium dense Santa Monica Beach sand to provide experimental evidence for the rotational kinematic hardening hypothesis presented in a companion paper and to provide stress–strain and volume change relations for experiments with 3D stress paths and large stress reversals to be predicted by the rotational kinematic hardening model. The experimental equipment and the testing procedures are briefly explained followed by a presentation of the experimental results and their sensitivity to unknown causes as well as effects of cross‐anisotropy on the sand behavior. The stress paths are presented in a σ3′‐plane and in an octahedral plane and the directions of experimental strain increment vectors are compared with those obtained from the rotational kinematic hardening model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vertical dynamic response of pile in a radially heterogeneous soil layer
Authors: Yang D. Y. , Wang K. H. , Zhang Z. Q. , Leo Chin Jian 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAn analysis of a pile vertical response considering soil inhomogeneity in the radial direction under dynamic loads is presented. The solution technique is based on a three‐dimensional axisymmetric model, which includes the consideration of the vertical displacement of the soil. The soil domain is subdivided into a number of annular vertical zones, and the continuity of the displacements and stresses are imposed at both the interface of pile–soil and the interfaces of adjacent soil zones to establish the dynamic equilibrium equations of the pile–soil interaction. Then, the equations of each soil zone and of the pile are solved one by one to obtain the analytical and semi‐analytical dynamic responses at the top of the pile in the frequency domain and time domain. Parametric studies have been performed to examine the influence of soil parameters' variations in the radial direction caused by the construction effect on the dynamic responses of pile. The results of the studies have been summarized and presented in figures to illustrate the influences of the soil parameters as they change radially. The effect of the radius of the disturbed soil zone caused by construction is also studied in this paper. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.