bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated receptor binding domains of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 envelopes bind Glut-1 on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells
Authors: Kinet Sandrina , Swainson Louise , Lavanya Madakasira , Mongellaz Cedric , Montel-Hagen Amélie , Craveiro Marco , Manel Nicolas , Battini Jean-Luc , Sitbon Marc , Taylor Naomi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundWe previously identified the glucose transporter Glut-1, a member of the multimembrane-spanning facilitative nutrient transporter family, as a receptor for both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. However, a recent report concluded that Glut-1 cannot serve as a receptor for HTLV-1 on CD4 T cells: This was based mainly on their inability to detect Glut-1 on this lymphocyte subset using the commercial antibody mAb1418. It was therefore of significant interest to thoroughly assess Glut-1 expression on CD4 and CD8 T cells, and its association with HTLV-1 and -2 envelope binding.ResultsAs previously reported, ectopic expression of Glut-1 but not Glut-3 resulted in significantly augmented binding of tagged proteins harboring the receptor binding domains of either HTLV-1 or HTLV-2 envelope glycoproteins (H1RBDor H2RBD). Using antibodies raised against the carboxy-terminal peptide of Glut-1, we found that Glut-1 expression was significantly increased in both CD4 and CD8 cells following TCR stimulation. Corresponding increases in the binding of H1RBDas well as H2RBD, not detected on quiescent T cells, were observed following TCR engagement. Furthermore, increased Glut-1 expression was accompanied by a massive augmentation in glucose uptake in TCR-stimulated CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes. Finally, we determined that the apparent contradictory results obtained by Takenouchi et al were due to their monitoring of Glut-1 with a mAb that does not bind cells expressing endogenous Glut-1, including human erythrocytes that harbor 300,000 copies per cell.ConclusionTransfection of Glut-1 directly correlates with the capacities of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 envelope-derived ligands to bind cells. Moreover, Glut-1 is induced by TCR engagement, resulting in massive increases in glucose uptake and binding of HTLV-1 and -2 envelopes to both CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. Therefore, Glut-1 is a primary binding receptor for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 envelopes on activated CD4 as well as CD8 lymphocytes.
Analysis of a possible independent origin of triploid P. formosa outside of the Río Purificación river system
Authors: Schories Susanne , Lampert Kathrin P , Lamatsch Dunja K , de León Francisco J García , Schartl Manfred 
Published: May 2007

Abstract

Background
Unisexuality, or all female reproduction, is rare among vertebrates. Studying these exceptional organisms may give useful information with respect to the evolution and maintenance of sexual reproduction. Poecilia formosa was the first unisexual vertebrate species to be detected and since then has served as a paradigmatic organism for unisexuality and studies on the evolution of sex. It reproduces through gynogenesis, using sperm of males from related species to trigger parthenogenetic development of the unreduced diploid eggs. Like in other unisexual vertebrates, triploids occur in a certain range of P. formosa. It has been suggested that the addition of the host species derived third chromosome set is evolutionary important. Clonal organisms lack sufficient genotypic diversity for adaptive changes to variable environments. Also non-recombining genomes cannot purge deleterious mutations and therefore unisexual organisms should suffer from a genomic decay. Thus, polyploidization leading to triploidy should bring "fresh" genetic material into the asexual lineage. To evaluate the importance of triploidy for maintaining the asexual species, it is important to know whether such an introgression event happens at a reasonable frequency.

Results
In an earlier study it was found that all triploid P. formosa in the Rio Purificación river system are of monophyletic origin. Here we have analyzed fish from a different river system. Using microsatellite analysis we can show that the triploids from this new location are genetically divergent and most probably of an independent origin.

Conclusion
Our data support the hypothesis that triploidy was not a single chance event in the evolutionary history of P. formosa and hence might be a relevant mechanism to increase genotypic divergence and at least partially counteract the genetic degeneration connected to asexuality. It is, however, much rarer than in other asexual vertebrates analyzed so far and thus probably only of moderate evolutionary importance for the maintenance of the asexual breeding complex.
Tilescope: online analysis pipeline for high-density tiling microarray data
Authors: Zhang Zhengdong D , Rozowsky Joel , Lam Hugo YK , Du Jiang , Snyder Michael , Gerstein Mark 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe developed Tilescope, a fully integrated data processing pipeline for analyzing high-density tiling-array data http://tilescope.gersteinlab.org. In a completely automated fashion, Tilescope will normalize signals between channels and across arrays, combine replicate experiments, score each array element, and identify genomic features. The program is designed with a modular, three-tiered architecture, facilitating parallelism, and a graphic user-friendly interface, presenting results in an organized web page, downloadable for further analysis.
Obesity and Outcome in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Butturini Anna M. , Dorey Frederick J. , Lange Beverly J. , Henry David W. , Gaynon Paul S. , Fu Cecilia , Franklin Janet , Siegel Stuart E. , Seibel Nita L. , Rogers Paul C. , Sather Harland , Trigg Michael , Bleyer W. Archie , Carroll William L. 
Published: May 2007

Purpose To evaluate the effect of obesity (defined as a body mass index > 95th percentile for age and sex at diagnosis) on outcome of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 4,260 patients with newly diagnosed ALL enrolled from 1988 to 1995 onto five concurrent Children's Cancer Group studies. Results were verified in a second cohort of 1,733 patients enrolled onto a sixth study from 1996 to 2002. Results The 1988 to 1995 cohort included 343 obese and 3,971 nonobese patients. The 5-year event-free survival rate and risk of relapse in obese versus nonobese patients were 72% ± 2.4% v 77% ± 0.6% (P = .02) and 26 ± 2.4 v 20 ± 0.6 (P = .02), respectively. After adjusting for other prognostic variables, obesity's hazard ratios (HRs) of events and relapses were 1.36 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.77; P = .021) and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.56; P = .04), respectively. The effect of obesity was prominent in the 1,003 patients ≥ 10 years old at diagnosis; in this subset, obesity's adjusted HRs of events and relapses were 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.1; P = .009) and 1.5 (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.1; P = .013), respectively. In a second cohort of 1,160 patients ≥ 10 years old, obesity's adjusted HRs of events and relapses were 1.42 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.96; P = .032) and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.13 to 2.41; P = .009), respectively. The effect of obesity on outcome was unrelated to changes in chemotherapy doses, length of intervals between chemotherapy cycles, or incidence and severity of therapy-related toxicity. Conclusion Obesity at diagnosis independently predicts likelihood of relapse and cure in preteenagers and adolescents with ALL.
Criteria for Optimizing Prognostic Risk Groups in Pediatric Cancer: Analysis of Data From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Sposto Richard , London Wendy B. , Alonzo Todd A. 
Published: May 2007

Purpose Physicians who treat cancer often attempt to identify patient subgroups that are homogeneous in their chance of recurrence or death as a way to target the more toxic and presumably more effective treatments to patients with the worst prognosis. However, to date, prognosis-based treatment assignment in pediatric cancer has not been based on a quantitative assessment of the risks and benefits of different treatment strategies or on morbidity and efficacy outcome measures that are relevant to children. Methods We performed a quantitative analysis of the risks and benefits of prognosis-based treatment assignment in two examples from the Children's Oncology Group using a mathematical model of cancer cure and permanent treatment morbidity and defined an optimality criterion for assigning treatments to specific risk groups. Results In stage 4 MYCN-unamplified neuroblastoma, age-based risk grouping distinguishes clearly between patients with high and low risk of recurrence. However, our analysis suggests that the optimal age cut point depends profoundly on the morbidity of the treatments being considered and agrees with current published recommendations only for treatments that add significant morbidity. In Hodgkin's lymphoma, under our model, no clearly optimal risk groupings exist, and a compelling quantitative rationale for defining risks group at all may not exist. Conclusion Our analysis illustrates the inadequacy of naïve application of statistical criteria for defining prognostic risk groups in pediatric cancer and highlights the importance of quantifying treatment morbidity when defining risk groups or when deciding whether risk grouping is warranted.
Long-Term Follow-Up of a Randomized Trial Comparing Concurrent Single Agent Cisplatin, Cisplatin-Based Combination Chemotherapy, or Hydroxyurea During Pelvic Irradiation for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study
Authors: Rose Peter G. , Ali Shamshad , Watkins Edwin , Thigpen J. Tate , Deppe Gunter , Clarke-Pearson Daniel L. , Insalaco Samuel 
Published: May 2007

Purpose We report the long-term survival and toxicity of a randomized phase III study comparing cisplatin alone with cisplatin, flurouracil, and hydroxyurea versus hydroxyurea concurrent with pelvic irradiation for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer with pathologically negative para-aortic nodes. Patients and Methods Comparisons of progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between treatment arms utilized Kaplan-Meier and log-rank statistics. Relative risk estimates adjusting for prognostic factors were determined using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Pearson's χ2 test was used to assess differences in adverse events. Results The analysis included 526 patients. The median follow-up among surviving patients was 106 months. Consistent with the original report, improvement in PFS and OS was evident for both cisplatin-containing arms compared with hydroxyurea (P < .001). Analogous results were seen for stage IIB and for stage III disease (each P < .025). The relative risk of progression of disease or death was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.75) with cisplatin and 0.51 (95% CI, 0.38 to 0.67) with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy compared with hydroxyurea. Among 518 patients who received radiation, acute (grade 3 or 4) gastrointestinal or urologic toxicities occurred in 66 with cisplatin (19.1%) and 29 with hydroxyurea (16.8%). Delayed radiation toxicity occurred in six patients who received cisplatin (1.7%) and two who received hydroxyurea (1.2%; P = .680). Conclusion Cisplatin-based chemotherapy during pelvic radiation therapy improves long-term PFS and OS among locally advanced cervical cancer patients collectively and for stage IIB and III disease, individually. There was no observed increase in late toxicity with cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy.
Randomized Trial of an Allogeneic Melanoma Lysate Vaccine With Low-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b Compared With High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b for Resected Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Mitchell Malcolm S. , Abrams Judith , Thompson John A. , Kashani-Sabet Mohammed , DeConti Ronald C. , Hwu Wen-Jen , Atkins Michael B. , Whitman Eric , Ernstoff Marc S. , Haluska Frank G. , Jakowatz James G. , Das Gupta Tapas K. , Richards Jon M. , Samlowski Wolfram E. , Costanzi John J. , Aronson Frederick R. , Deisseroth Albert B. , Dudek Arkadiusz Z. , Jones Vicky E. 
Published: May 2007

Purpose To compare the overall survival (OS) of patients with resected stage III melanoma administered active specific immunotherapy and low-dose interferon alfa-2b (IFN-α-2b) with the OS achieved using high-dose IFN-α-2b. Patients and Methods An Ad Hoc Melanoma Working Group of 25 investigators treated 604 patients from April 1997 to January 2003. Patients were stratified by sex and number of nodes and were randomly assigned to receive either 2 years of treatment with active specific immunotherapy with allogeneic melanoma lysates and low-dose IFN-α-2b (arm 1) or high-dose IFN-α-2b alone for 1 year (arm 2). Active specific immunotherapy was injected subcutaneously (SC) weekly for 4 weeks, at week 8, and bimonthly thereafter. IFN-α-2b SC was begun on week 4 and continued thrice weekly at 5 MU/m2 for 2 years. IFN-α-2b in arm 2 was administered according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 1684 study regimen. Results Median follow-up time was 32 months for all patients and 42 months for surviving patients. Median OS time exceeds 84 months in arm 1 and is 83 months in arm 2 (P = .56). Five-year OS rate is 61% in arm 1 and 57% in arm 2. Estimated 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate is 50% in arm 1 and 48% in arm 2, with median RFS times of 58 and 50 months, respectively. The incidence of serious adverse events as a result of treatment was the same in both arms, but more severe neuropsychiatric toxicity was seen in arm 2. Conclusion OS and RFS achieved by active specific immunotherapy and low-dose IFN-α-2b were indistinguishable from those achieved by high-dose IFN-α-2b. Long RFS and OS times were observed in both treatment arms.
Effect of high-pressure rheology of lubricants upon entrapped oil film behaviour at halting elastohydrodynamic lubrication
Authors: Ohno N , Yamada S 
Published: May 2007

The steady-state elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) is now quite well understood both computationally and experimentally. However, many practical machine elements such as rolling element bearings and traction continuously variable transmission (CVT) operate often under the halting of machine, the suspension of long time and start of machine. It is often in such operating condition that breakdown of lubrication films occurs, which eventually gives rise to fail of the lubricated surfaces. This paper describes an experimental study of EHL film thickness at halting of operation and a change by the time of an entrapped film thickness. The film thickness is investigated with some different type of lubricating oil, which a phase diagram is known by high-pressure density measurements. The results demonstrate an entrapped oil film thickness at EHL halting is dependant on αηa, where α is the pressure-viscosity coefficient, η is the dynamic viscosity, a is the deceleration, and squeeze out time of entrapped oil film is dependant on a phase diagram parameter TVE - T, where TVE is the viscoelastic solid transition temperature at Hertzian pressure, and T is the oil temperature.
Errata. Element by element review of their atomic weights. Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances. Pure Appl. Chem. 56, 695-768 (1984).
Authors: Peiser H. S. , Holden N. E. , De Bièvre P. , Barnes I. L. , Hagemann R. , de Laeter John R. , Murphy T. J. , Roth E. , Shima M. , Thode H. G. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Comparison of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Refrigerator-Stable Versus a Frozen Formulation of ProQuad (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella Virus Vaccine Live)
Authors: Bernstein Henry H. , Eves Karen , Campbell Kristy , Black Steven B. , Twiggs Jerry D. , Reisinger Keith S. , Conti Ralph M. , Flodmark Carl-Erik , Rombo Lars , Klopfer Stephanie , Schödel Florian , Hartzel Jonathan , Kuter Barbara J. ,   and the Refrigerator-Stable Formulation Study Group for ProQuad
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVE. A refrigerator-stable formulation of ProQuad has been developed to expand the utility of ProQuad to areas in which maintenance of a frozen cold chain (−15°C or colder) during storage and transport may not be feasible. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that the immunogenicity and safety profiles of a refrigerator-stable formulation of ProQuad are similar to the recently licensed frozen formulation.
METHODS. In this double-blind, randomized, multicenter study, healthy 12- to 23-month-old children with negative vaccination and clinical histories for measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, and zoster were vaccinated with either the refrigerator-stable formulation of ProQuad (N = 1006) or the frozen formulation of ProQuad (N = 513). Patients were followed for 42 days after vaccination for adverse experiences. Immunogenicity was evaluated 6 weeks after vaccination.
RESULTS. The refrigerator-stable formulation of ProQuad was generally well tolerated. The incidence of adverse experiences was similar between groups. No vaccine-related serious adverse experiences were reported. For both groups, the response rate was ≥97.7% for measles, mumps, and rubella, and the percentage of patients with a varicella zoster virus antibody titer of ≥5 U/mL glycoprotein antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after vaccination was ≥88.8%. The geometric mean titers for all antigens were numerically slightly higher in patients who received the refrigerator-stable formulation.
CONCLUSIONS. The refrigerator-stable formulation of ProQuad is generally well tolerated, highly immunogenic, and noninferior in terms of postvaccination antibody responses. This refrigerator-stable formulation may improve ease of vaccine administration, increase use of the vaccine throughout the world because of its improved storage conditions, and replace the frozen formulation of ProQuad or any dose of M-M-RII and Varivax in routine practice.
To Clean or Not to Clean: Effect on Contamination Rates in Midstream Urine Collections in Toilet-Trained Children
Authors: Vaillancourt Suzanne , McGillivray David , Zhang Xun , Kramer Michael S. 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVE. Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections among children. Difficulty in specimen collection and interpretation of inadequately collected specimens may contribute to misdiagnosis of urinary tract infection. Our objective was to assess the effect of perineal/genital cleaning on bacterial contamination rates of midstream urine collections in toilet-trained children.
METHODS. We conducted a randomized trial in toilet-trained children who presented to a tertiary care pediatric emergency department between November 1, 2004, and October 1, 2005. All toilet-trained children who were between the ages of 2 and 18 years and had a midstream urine sample requested were eligible. Those whose parents consented were cluster-randomized by week to either cleaning or not cleaning the perineum with soap. The risk for a contaminated urine culture (defined as growth of &lt;108 colony-forming units per liter [&lt;105 colony-forming units per milliliter] of a single organism or a mix of ≥2 organisms) and the risk for a positive urinalysis (defined as a positive leukocyte esterase and/or nitrites on dipstick or ≥5 white blood cells per high-powered field on a standard microscopic examination) were analyzed by intention to treat.
RESULTS. A total of 350 children were enrolled. The rate of contamination in the cleaning group was 14 (7.8%) of 179 vs 41 (23.9%) of 171 in the noncleaning group. Children who were randomly assigned to cleaning were less likely to have a positive urinalysis (37 of 179 [20.6%]) than those in the noncleaning group (63 of 171 [36.8%]).
CONCLUSIONS. Urine contamination rates are higher in midstream urine that is collected from toilet-trained children when obtained without perineal/genital cleaning. Cleaning may reduce the risk for returning for repeat cultures and for receiving unnecessary antibiotic treatment and investigations.
Community-acquired infectious pneumonia in puppies: 65 cases (1993–2002)
Authors: Radhakrishnan Anant , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Culp William T. N. , King Lesley G. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective—To identify causative organisms, treatment, outcome, and prognosis for dogs < 1 year old with community-acquired infectious pneumonia.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—65 dogs.
Procedures—Dogs were considered to have community-acquired infectious pneumonia if they had clinical signs of primary respiratory tract disease in conjunction with radiographic evidence of alveolar disease and positive results following bacterial culture of tracheal wash fluid.
Results—Most dogs were hypoxemic at the time of initial examination, with pulmonary function becoming worse during the first few days of hospitalization before improving; 57 (88%) dogs survived to discharge. Bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from tracheal wash fluid from 32 (49%) dogs, and other organisms, predominantly gram-negative enteric bacteria, were isolated from the other 33 (51%). Dogs with Bordetella pneumonia were significantly younger (median, 14 vs 21 weeks), were significantly more likely to have been obtained from a pet store (19/31 vs 7/32), had been owned for a significantly shorter time prior to the onset of illness (median, 18 vs 90 days), had significantly higher PvCO2 values at initial examination (median, 48.7 vs 41.3 mm Hg), were significantly more likely to receive supplemental oxygen (25/32 vs 16/33), and had significantly longer hospitalization times (mean, 7.2 vs 4.9 days) than did dogs with pneumonia caused by any other organism.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that a type of community-acquired infectious pneumonia could be identified in dogs < 1 year old, with disease being more severe in dogs with Bordetella pneumonia than in dogs with pneumonia caused by other bacterial organisms.
Long-term outcome associated with intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin for cutaneous tumors in equidae: 573 cases (1995–2004)
Authors: Théon Alain P. , Wilson W. David , Magdesian K. Gary , Pusterla Nicola , Snyder Jack R. , Galuppo Larry D. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine outcome associated with cutaneous tumors treated via intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin and identify risk factors affecting local tumor control and complications in equidae.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—573 equidae with 630 cutaneous tumors.
Procedures—Medical records of horses, mules, donkeys, and ponies with cutaneous tumors treated via intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin were analyzed.
Results—549 horses, 13 mules, 8 donkeys, and 3 ponies with 630 histologically confirmed cutaneous tumors were included. Tumors included sarcoids (n = 409), squamous cell carci nomas (151), soft tissue sarcomas (28), cutaneous lymphomas (26), and melanomas (16). Overall cure rate, defined as local control at 4 years, was 93.3%. For all tumor stages combined, cure rates after 1 course of treatment were 96.3% for sarcoids, 96% for lym-phomas, 88% for squamous cell carcinomas, 85% for soft tissue sarcomas, and 81% for melanomas. Treatment protocol, tumor stage, and prior treatment were significant prog nostic factors for tumor control. Treatment efficacy was lower for large tumors, those with gross postoperative residual disease, and those that had been treated previously with other modalities. Treatment was well tolerated. Local reactions were more likely to occur and to be more severe after the third and fourth treatment sessions.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results confirmed the value of intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin for treatment of cutaneous tumors in equidae.The results cannot be extrapolated to other formulations of cisplatin or other protocols that might be used.