bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Recovery Method for Treating Wastewater Containing Fluoride and Fluoroboric Acid
Authors: Itakura Takeshi , Sasai Ryo , Itoh Hideaki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A new treatment method for wastewater containing concentrated fluoride and fluoroborate ions by hydrothermal treatment were developed. The treatment is an earth-mimetic method to produce natural minerals by hydrothermal treatment with Ca(OH)2 as a mineralizer. Results of various analyses of the precipitate indicated that the recovered minerals were Ca2B2O5·H2O (parasibirskite) and CaF2 (fluorite). By optimizing the conditions, it was possible to recover more than 98 percent of the boron and 99.9 percent of the fluorine from model wastewater samples containing fluoride (7000 mg L−1) and fluoroborate (8000 mg L−1) ions. Moreover, in the case of fluoroborate ions, the present treatment simultaneously caused the decomposition of the fluoroborate ion, the formation of each minerals, and the preventation of redissolution of parasibirskite. Therefore, the present hydrothermal mineralization treatment with the Ca(OH)2 mineralizer is an effective technique to recover boron and fluorine from wastewater.
Enhanced Oxygen Permeation through a Porous Glass Membrane Containing Phthalocyanato– and Porphyrinato–Cobalt Complexes as an Oxygen Carrier
Authors: Preethi Nalinakumari , Shinohara Hiromi , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The pore surface of a porous glass membrane was modified with phthalocyanato- and tetraphenylporphyrinato-1-(benzylimidazole)cobalt(II) complexes, which specifically and reversibly binds molecular oxygen from air. The lower oxygen-binding affinity enhanced surface oxygen diffusion which improved permeability (3.0 × 10−11 kmol m s−1 m−2 kPa−1) and (oxygen/nitrogen) permselectivity (10).
Concise Synthesis of (±)-γ-Indomycinone
Authors: Hsu Day-Shin , Matsumoto Takashi , Suzuki Keisuke 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The first total synthesis of (±)-γ-indomycinone (2) has been accomplished starting from juglone (5) in nine steps, including Diels–Alder reaction of 5 and diene 6 and the formal 6-endo-dig cyclization of alkynone 3 as the key steps.
N-Methylporphyrin as a Binding Motif for the Recognition of a Phenolic Hydroxy Group
Authors: Kotomari Satoshi , Yoshikawa Tsukasa , Mizutani Tadashi , Takagi Hideki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Binding of phenols to N-methyltetraphenylporphyrin 1 was investigated in dichloromethane. The binding constant of 4-nonylphenol to 1 was 3200 M−1 while that to simple amine, diamine and triamine were less than 100 M−1 at 25 °C. 1 showed tight binding to ortho-substituted phenols, and the binding constant to 2,6-xylenol was 710,000 M−1.
Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl-substituted Anthracenes: Realization of Ideal Conformation for σ–π Conjugation Involving Eclipse of Si–Si σ-Bond with p-Orbital of Aromatic Ring
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Oda Katsunari , Bando Tomoaki , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Synthesis and X-ray diffraction analysis of 9- and 9,10-tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl (TTMSS)-substituted anthracenes were carried out to disclose that one of the Si–Si σ-bonds in the TTMSS-substituted anthracenes were perpendicular to the aromatic rings. The introduction of the TTMSS groups induced red shift of UV absorption and fluorescence emission maxima as compared with the parent and 9-pentamethyldisilanylated anthracenes. Theoretical calculation suggests LUMO levels of the TTMSS-substituted anthracenes are lowered by σ*–π* orbital interaction.
Arsenic Removal by Hydroxyapatite-based Ceramics
Authors: Nakahira Atsushi , Okajima Toshihiro , Honma Tetsuo , Yoshioka Satoshi , Tanaka Isao 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The removal of arsenic in geothermal water was carried out by using hydroxyapatite-based materials including the industrial waste, such as bovine bone and hydroxyapatite modified by a solid solution with SiO2 (SiAp). The existence of arsenic in hydroxyapatite was examined by XANES measurements. The use of these hydroxyapatite-based materials results in a significantly lower environmental loading approach in order to purify arsenic contamination of drinking well waters.
Ce and Y Local Structures of High-performance ZrO2 Composites Codoped with Ce and Y for Implant Applications
Authors: Nakahira Atsushi , Murakami Takayuki , Ohta Mitsuhiko , Honma Tetsuo , Kudo Takahiro 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
12Ce–ZrO2 (containing 12 mol %CeO2)-based composites with the addition of 3Y–ZrO2 (containing 3 mol %Y2O3) were fabricated by the sintering at 1400 °C and post-HIP treatment at 1350 °C. These composites possessed the high strength and fracture toughness. Their local structures of Ce-K, Y-K, and Zr-K edges for these 12Ce–ZrO2/3Y–ZrO2 composites were examined by XAFS measurements.
Phosphodiesterase Activity of Ec DOS, a Heme-regulated Enzyme from Escherichia coli, toward 3′,5′-Cyclic Diguanylic Acid Is Obviously Enhanced by O2 and CO Binding
Authors: Takahashi Hiroto , Shimizu Toru 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
3′,5′-Cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) is emerging as an important bacterial intracellular signaling molecule. Both the Fe(III) and Fe(II) heme complexes of Ec DOS, a heme-bound PAS sensor enzyme from Escherichia coli, have phosphodiesterase activity toward c-di-GMP (27 and 61 min−1, respectively) and that the activity of the Fe(II) heme complex is obviously enhanced by the binding of either O2 (126 min−1) or CO (143 min−1). Therefore, Ec DOS appears to be a novel type of gas sensor enzyme.
Proton-conducting Ordered Mesostructured Silica Monoliths
Authors: Xiong Liangming , Nogami Masayuki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Ordered mesostructured silica monoliths (OMSMs) were prepared and after synthesis processed by a deep-UV irradiation to selectively oxidize their surfactants, and the UV-treated monolith exhibited a proton conductivity of 9.1 × 10−3 S cm−1, much higher than that of the calcined monolith, via the first investigation into their AC impedance responses.
Direct Detection of Redox Reactions of Sulfur-containing Compounds on Ferrite Nanoparticle (FP) Surface
Authors: Nishio Kosuke , Gokon Nobuyuki , Tsubouchi Shingo , Ikeda Morihito , Narimatsu Hiroki , Sakamoto Satoshi , Izumi Yasuo , Abe Masanori , Handa Hiroshi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Direct observation of sulfur sites for sulfur-containing compounds (cysteine and its oxidative derivatives) on ferrite nanoparticles (FP) was performed by X-ray adsorption near edge structure (XANES) measurements. XANES spectra of cysteine derivatives conjugated with FP indicated that redox reactions occurred on the FP surface. Cysteine was completely oxidized to cystine and cysteinesulfinic acid and cysteic acid were partially reduced. These studies revealed that the FP surface should possess both an oxidation and reduction reactive center for sulfur-containing functional groups.
Eine sichere verteilte Marktplattform für zukunftsfähige Energiesysteme (A Distributed and Secure Market Plattform for Future Energy Systems)
Authors: Eßer Anke , Raabe Oliver , Rolli Daniel , Schöller Marcus 
Published: August 2006

Zusammenfassung
Die natürlichen Ressourcen der Erde verknappen sich angesichts des Wachstums der Weltwirtschaft drastisch. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt gerade die Gestaltung zukunftsfähiger Energiesysteme eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Im Projekt SESAM wird unter der Prämisse, dass ein internetbasierter Markt, der einem offenen, liberalisierten Modell folgt, letztlich auch der beste Garant für einen ressourcenschonenden Energieeinsatz ist, die Vision eines zukunftsfähigen Energiesystems entworfen. In dem vorliegenden Artikel werden zunächst die Rahmenbedingungen dieses Marktes vorgestellt und daran anschließend wird die ökonomische sowie rechtliche Ausgestaltung des Marktes präsentiert. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Beschreibung der notwendigen Informations- und Kommunikationsinfrastruktur.
PREMIUM: Preis- und Erlösmodelle im Internet – Umsetzung und Marktchancen (PREMIUM: Price and Revenue Model on the Internet)
Authors: Skiera Bernd 
Published: August 2006

Zusammenfassung
Ziel des interdisziplinären Projekts PREMIUM (PReis- und ErlösModelle im Internet — Umsetzung und Marktchancen) ist die Zusammenführung von ökonomischen und informatischen Erkenntnissen zu einer umfassenden Analyse von Erlös- und Preismodellen in der Internetökonomie. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Vorgehensweise und die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse des Projekts.
intermedia – Struktureller Wandel der Intermediation in der Medienbranche (intermedia – Structural Change of Intermediation in the Media Industry)
Authors: Hess Thomas 
Published: August 2006

Zusammenfassung
Medienunternehmen sind potenziell mehr als Unternehmen jeder anderen Branche durch neue Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien tangiert. Bereits das schmalbandige und nur stationär verfügbare Internet der ersten Generation hat Spuren in der Medienbranche hinterlassen. Neue Unternehmen haben sich am Markt etabliert, die Aufgaben klassischer Anbieter auf sich gezogen, teilweise ganz neue Angebote kreiert. Potenziell sind die vom Internet der zweiten Generation ausgehenden Veränderungen in der Medienbranche wesentlich größer. Die breitbandige Übertragung erschließt dem Online-Kanal nun auch die Medientypen Audio und Video. Aus diesem Grund gibt es kein Unternehmen der Medienbranche, das sich aktuell nicht mit den strategischen Auswirkungen des Internets der zweiten Generation beschäftigt. Das Projekt intermedia analysiert dessen möglichen Auswirkungen auf die so genannten Inhalte-Intermediäre der Medienbranche in zehn Teilprojekten der Disziplinen Betriebswirtschaft, Informatik und Kommunikationswissenschaft. Der Beitrag gibt anhand dreier allgegenwärtiger Phänomene einen Einblick in Arbeit und Zwischenergebnisse des Projektes. Zum einen wird die Logik der Konvergenz von Plattformen und der Divergenz von Endgeräten erläutert. Des Weiteren wird argumentiert, warum es zukünftig zu einer weiteren horizontalen Integration der Medienunternehmen kommt. Zuletzt wird auf die Notwendigkeit umsichtiger und sozial verträglicher Strategien bei der Personalisierung von Inhalten hingewiesen.
Generierung von Webanwendungen für das Innovationsmanagement (Generating Web Applications for the Management of Innovations)
Authors: Jakob Mihály , Kaiser Fabian , Schwarz Holger , Beucker Severin 
Published: August 2006

Zusammenfassung
Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über das vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) im Schwerpunktprogramm Internetökonomie geförderte Forschungsprojekt nova-net: Innovation in der Internetökonomie. Neben dem Forschungsrahmen und den Forschungsfeldern zur Unterstützung nachhaltiger Innovationsprozesse wird insbesondere auf die Methodenentwicklung und deren informationstechnische Umsetzung im Themenfeld Trendmonitoring im Szenariomanagement eingegangen. Im Mittelpunkt steht hierbei die Erläuterung des Szenario-Management-Frameworks SEMAFOR im Zusammenhang mit einer neu entwickelten Methode zur Entwicklung von Szenarien, sowie deren Umsetzung mittels des Webanwendungsgenerators WAgen.
Hybridität – Ein Muster zur ökonomischen Nutzung des Internets (Hybrid Design – A Pattern for the Economic Use of the Internet)
Authors: Grob Heinz Lothar , Brocke Jan vom 
Published: August 2006

Zusammenfassung
Die meisten Unternehmen sind heute damit konfrontiert, das Internet in ihre routinemäßige Geschäftstätigkeit zu integrieren. Internetökonomie ist daher a priori als eine Ökonomie der Integration internet- und nicht-internetbasierter Phänomene zu betrachten. Die besondere praktische Herausforderung besteht darin, das Nebeneinander “alter” und “neuer” Regeln genauer zu ergründen. Eine theoretische Fundierung hierfür bieten Arbeiten zur Hybridität. In diesem Beitrag wird “Hybridität” als Muster formuliert und zur Gestaltung eines internetbasierten Kommunikationssystems zur Netzwerkbildung angewendet.
Echtzeit Ray Tracing und Interaktive Globale Beleuchtungssimulation (Realtime Ray Tracing and Interactive Global Illumination)
Authors: Wald Ingo 
Published: August 2006

Zusammenfassung
Interaktive 3D-Graphik basiert heutzutage fast ausschließlich auf dem Rasterisierungsverfahren, welches aber in Hinblick auf Bildqualität zunehmend an seine Grenzen stößt. Eine Alternative zur Rasterisierung ist das Ray Tracing, welches zwar allgemein für bessere Bildqualität bekannt ist, aufgrund hoher Rechenanforderungen aber bisher im Allgemeinen als unvereinbar mit interaktiver Performanz galt. Im Rahmen der Dissertation werden mehrere neue Verfahren vorgestellt, die es erstmalig ermöglichen, auch auf Standard-PCs und PC Clustern Echtzeit Ray Tracing zu realisieren, und dies insbesondere auch für die interaktive globale Beleuchtungssimulation zu verwenden.
Epidemiologic Features of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Belgian Children: Passive Surveillance Is Not Enough
Authors: Vergison Anne , Tuerlinckx David , Verhaegen Jan , Malfroot Anne ,   for the Belgian Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Study Group
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND. Reliable epidemiologic surveillance of infectious diseases is important for making rational choices for public health issues such as vaccination strategies. In Belgium, as in most European countries, surveillance relies on voluntary passive reporting from microbiology laboratories; therefore, reported incidence rates are probably inaccurate.
METHODS. We conducted national, active, laboratory-based and clinically based surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in young children.
RESULTS. During the study period, the incidences of invasive pneumococcal disease in children &lt;2 years of age (104.4 cases per 105 person-years and 16.1 cases per 105 person-years for invasive pneumococcal disease and meningitis, respectively) and in children 0 to 59 months of age (59.5 cases per 105 person-years for invasive pneumococcal disease and 7.7 cases per 105 person-years for meningitis) were twice those reported previously through the passive surveillance system. Overall, 67% of the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from children &lt;5 years of age belonged to 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes and 18% to vaccine-related serotypes (mainly serotype 19A). Erythromycin resistance was frequent, especially among children &lt;2 years of age (59%).
CONCLUSIONS. Under-reporting can explain the reported low incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in countries (such as Belgium) that depend on a passive epidemiologic surveillance system, which could lead to erroneous choices in vaccination policies. There is a need for an active system of epidemiologic surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases such as invasive pneumococcal disease, at the national or European level.
Visual Implant Elastomer and Anchor Tag Retention in Largemouth Bass
Authors: Hartman Kyle J. , Janney Eric C. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
We double-marked largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides with Floy FD-68B anchor tags and visible implant elastomer (VIE) marks before stocking to compare retention of the two marks for age-0 (178 mm total length (TL)) and age-1 (273 mm TL) largemouth bass. In a short-term (31-d) evaluation, retention rate of anchor tags was over 94% for each age-class and retention of VIE marks was 98% in both age-classes. In a longer-term comparison of fish stocked into the Ohio River, retention was substantially higher for VIE marks (92.9%) than for anchor tags (42.9%) after 403 d (ages combined). Although anchor tags had high retention in two sizes of largemouth bass during the short-term experiment, they should not be used in situations where accurate identification of marked fish is required for periods longer than 123 d.
Effect of Different Reward Levels on Tag Reporting Rates and Behavior of Common Snook Anglers in Southeast Florida
Authors: Taylor Ronald G. , Whittington James A. , Pine William E. , Pollock Kenneth H. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Based on the high-reward tagging method, we determined that reporting rates by recreational anglers for tagged common snook Centropomus undecimalis along the Atlantic coast of Florida were approximately 60–70%. Additionally, we found that angler reporting rates were influenced by the use of high-reward tags. To estimate reporting rates, we tagged 989 common snook (range = 600–1,132 mm total length) with internal anchor tags that bore one of eight variable-reward messages (the word “Reward” with or without a specified monetary amount from US$5 to $200) during the summer closed-harvest season of 1995. Approximately equal numbers and sizes of fish were tagged in each reward group. The $200 reward was assumed to be sufficient to elicit a reporting rate of 100%. Return rates during the first year were quite variable and ranged from 13.7% for $5 tags to 25.0% for $25 tags, while the $200 tags had a return rate of 18.7%. Return rates generally increased with increasing reward amount, reaching an asymptotic value at approximately $75 in year 1 and $100 in year 2, above which return rates did not change. In subsequent years, angler behavior appeared to change, as indicated by decreases in the reporting rate of unspecified “Reward” message tags and an increase in the asymptote of the reward level–return rate relationship. This may indicate that angler reporting behavior changed due to the use of high-reward tags. The results from this experiment will facilitate the deconstruction of total mortality into fishing and natural mortality components derived from tagging programs. They also provide insight into angler behavior related to the design and use of high-reward tagging programs to elicit tag returns.
Improving the Design of Acoustic and Midwater Trawl Surveys through Stratification, with an Application to Lake Michigan Prey Fishes
Authors: Adams Jean V. , Argyle Ray L. , Fleischer Guy W. , Curtis Gary L. , Stickel Richard G. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Reliable estimates of fish biomass are vital to the management of aquatic ecosystems and their associated fisheries. Acoustic and midwater trawl surveys are an efficient sampling method for estimating fish biomass in large bodies of water. To improve the precision of biomass estimates from combined acoustic and midwater trawl surveys, sampling effort should be optimally allocated within each stage of the survey design. Based on information collected during fish surveys, we developed an approach to improve the design of combined acoustic and midwater trawl surveys through stratification. Geographic strata for acoustic surveying and depth strata for midwater trawling were defined using neighbor-restricted cluster analysis, and the optimal allocation of sampling effort for each was then determined. As an example, we applied this survey stratification approach to data from lakewide acoustic and midwater trawl surveys of Lake Michigan prey fishes. Precision of biomass estimates from surveys with and without geographic stratification was compared through resampling. Use of geographic stratification with optimal sampling allocation reduced the variance of Lake Michigan acoustic biomass estimates by 77%. Stratification and optimal allocation at each stage of an acoustic and midwater trawl survey should serve to reduce the variance of the resulting biomass estimates.
Capture Efficiencies of Two Hook Types and Associated Injury and Mortality of Juvenile Muskellunge Angled with Live Baitfish
Authors: Ostrand Kenneth G. , Siepker Michael J. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Strict harvest regulations and a strong catch-and-release ethic among recreational anglers of muskellunge Esox masquinongy have led to interest in developing strategies for reducing injury and mortality of released fish. With many anglers using live baitfish to capture muskellunge, the use of circle hooks may reduce deep hooking and hence mortality. We contrasted the performance of circle hooks and J-style aberdeen hooks when capturing juvenile muskellunge with actively fished live baitfish. The J hooks performed better than circle hooks in terms of capture efficiency. The J hooks were more efficient at hooking muskellunge than were circle hooks, but landing efficiency was similar between the two types. Interestingly, injury was judged to be low regardless of hook type. Neither anatomical hooking location nor hooking depth differed significantly between fish captured on J and circle hooks. No fish were hooked in potentially lethal locations (e.g., gullet or eye) during the use of either hook type. Ease of hook removal did not differ between hook types, and hooks were generally categorized as easy to remove. Bleeding was considered minor and did not differ between hooks. We observed no initial or delayed mortality for fish captured on J or circle hooks. Given that J hooks have a higher muskellunge capture efficiency and that the use of circle hooks did not provide any compelling conservation benefits, anglers will probably continue to use J hooks and avoid circle hooks. Nonetheless, use of circle hooks could be advantageous for other fishing styles (e.g., still fishing, where baitfish are often swallowed), other species, or different sizes of muskellunge.
Modeling Target Strength Distributions to Improve Hydroacoustic Estimation of Lake Trout Population Size
Authors: Crockett Harry J. , Johnson Brett M. , Martinez Patrick J. , Brauch Dan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMany management agencies use hydroacoustic surveys to estimate pelagic prey fish abundance and population trends. It would be desirable to simultaneously assess piscivore population size and predation demand. However, multiple sources of variation in target strength complicate the target strength–fish size relationship, impairing managers' ability to distinguish the echoes of predators and prey. This uncertainty may substantially bias population size estimates, especially for piscivores that are greatly outnumbered by other species. We used an in situ estimate of target strength variance combined with fish length‐frequency distributions to estimate the distribution of target strengths for prey‐sized kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka and piscivorous lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado. Comparison of the resulting lake trout population size estimates with those obtained from an intensive mark–recapture study showed that this approach substantially improved the precision and accuracy of hydroacoustic estimates. This technique may be especially useful in systems having relatively few species or species with discrete size‐classes, as is the case for many western U.S. reservoirs.
Carbon dioxide production in the oscillating Belousov—Zhabotinsky reaction with oxalic acid
Authors: Ševčík P. , Mišicák D. , Adamčíková L’. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA new volumetric method for monitoring the oscillating Belousov—Zhabotinsky reaction with oxalic acid is described. While an oscillatory behavior in the potential of the Pt redox electrode at slow stirring without inert gas bubbling can be observed, a monotonous, nonoscillatory course was found both at the slow and rapid stirring rates for the carbon dioxide evolution. Possible reasons for such observations are discussed.
Potentiometric and thermodynamic studies of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-{p-[N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-sulfamoyl]phenylazo}-2-pyrazolin-5-one and its metal complexes
Authors: Fouda A. , Al-Sarawy A. , El-Katori E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe dissociation constants of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-{p-[N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfamoyl]phenylazo}-2-pyrazolin-5-one and metal-ligand stability constants of its complexes with some transition metal ions have been determined potentiometrically in 0.1 M-KCl and ethanol—water mixture (30 vol. %). The order of the stability constants of the formed complexes increases in the sequence Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, La3+, Hf3+, UO22+, Zr4+. The effect of temperature was studied and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS) were derived and discussed. The dissociation process is nonspontaneous, endothermic, and entropically unfavourable. The formation of the metal complexes was found to be spontaneous, exothermic, and entropically favourable.