bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer supported collaborative learning in schools: a distributed approach
Authors: Tomlinson Helen , Henderson William 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper briefly surveys current work in the emerging area of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) and describes how the technology can be extended to exploit communication between computers. A number of applications which might make use of network support, distributed CSCL, are reviewed and a simple prototype distributed CSCL application is described and evaluated. The work has highlighted issues concerning the value, viability and development of distributed CSCL software. It would appear that valuable opportunities for the development of such software exist but it is unclear how these applications might be developed using existing hardware. Conclusions are presented regarding the future of network supported CSCL.
Logical pages: revolutionising the use of print for teaching?
Authors: Lefrere Paul 
Published: October 2006

Abstract“Edutainment” publishers have begun to deploy an alternative to traditional physical artefacts such as videos, books and cartridges, namely “logical pages”, stored electronically and able to be selected from, to provide content in various physical forms, including multimedia, hypertext and hypermedia. Educational texts can be created using the paradigm of logical pages, which is notionally equivalent to treating a course as if it were a database of learning resources. In the case of a study text, those notional databases can contain more study guidance and raw information than conventional educational texts. Each user can select differently from the notional database, and post‐process the retrieved information. Thus, some users can choose to view, on screen, a teaching text whose content and layout are identical to a conventional text, then can print a single copy, “on demand”. Other users can select other page layouts or content, then transform their selection to suit their individual learning style and learning needs. This paper considers the implications of logical pages for teachers and learners. As yet, there is relatively little research into the educational uses of logical pages, so the paper extrapolates from the literature on reading and writing physical pages, including hypertext pages.
Imagining with multimedia
Authors: Whalley Peter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe computer was first seen as a calculating engine, and only more recently as a way to view and manipulate the dynamic media. Now as a tool for imagining the computer allows us to explore and think ‘What if?’ about imagined objects and situations. In this paper an analysis is made of the image types that best support engaged multimedia interactivity and which can contribute to the perception of multimedia as a resource for imaginative teaching and learning.
An investigation in evaluation issues for a simulation training programme
Authors: Saunders Danny , Gaston Karen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRolfe (1991) and Parasuraman (1981) are critical of previous efforts by researchers to evaluate simulations given that very few authors in the field of simulation are actually considering validity, reliability or utility of simulations as training or educational methods.The Rank Ordering Exercise is designed as an activity which highlights evaluation issues. It was explained to 26 participants divided into 13 pairs. Each pair were asked to order 26 cards into a preferred chronological sequence—from the early stages of planning to the final stages of the project. Participants were given a scenario outlining a company which is experiencing complaints about the quality and standard of its customer care. A brief set of instructions asked participants to develop a training programme which incorporates a simulation, with the aim of building in evaluation components.The Rank Ordering Exercise raised awareness of internal and more importantly external validity issues. The authors noted an overall agreement about a preferred sequence of events and the exercise was effective in highlighting the need for the evaluation “checks” to be made during the planning stages of any research or consultancy project.
Technology‐based training in large UK companies: an update
Authors: Houldsworth Elizabeth , Hawkridge David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper follows up an earlier Leverhulme‐funded study of technology‐based training (TBT) in UK and US companies (Hawkridge, Newton and Hall, 1988). It is based on interviews with relevant staff in five large companies in the UK: British Telecom, Ford Motor Company, Lloyds Bank, Price Waterhouse and Sainsbury's. After a short introduction, the second and third sections of the paper consider the impact of the economic climate of the early 1990s on company strategies regarding TBT and its use. The fourth section provides examples from past and current practice and notes changes in the past six years. It paints a picture of highly selective development, rather than rapid progress across a broad front. The fifth and last section discusses possible directions for the future.
A Protocol for computer mediated education across the internet
Authors: Trathen Chris , Sajeev A S M 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChanges in the workplace have had an impact on methods of training and education. There is a growing need for flexible methods of course delivery. The economics of courseware development highlight a need for more efficient use of courseware, pointing to geographically distributed Computer Mediated Education as a cost‐effective way of sharing these development costs.Object‐orientation is a software development paradigm that is making sweeping changes to the information technology industry. An object‐ oriented extension to electronic mail is proposed as a protocol for facilitating distributed Computer Mediated Education applications. The use of electronic mail allows use of the Internet as a transport medium. A protocol has been devised for a loosely coupled, distributed, Computer Mediated Education system using electronic mail to transport course material (encapsulated as objects) from one workstation to another. Each workstation uses an object‐oriented environment with the ability to dynamically incorporate new courseware objects at run time. A prototype system has been developed to illustrate the feasibility of the protocol.
An in service model for enhancing faculty computer self‐efficacy
Authors: Faseyitan Sunday , Libii Josue Njock , Hirschbuhl John 
Published: October 2006

AbstractComputer self‐efficacy is a significant factor that differentiates adopters and non‐adopters of computer technology among university faculty. Faculty who judge themselves unable to use computers effectively and confidently will not adopt them in the classroom even when the hardware and software are available to them. In this case study, a program was designed and implemented to enhance faculty computer self‐efficacy. Using Bandura's four sources of efficacy information as a guide, the program consisted of showcases, seminars, workshops and funding. The in service program had a positive impact on both faculty and administration. The in service program was a cost‐effective way for administrators to support faculty in the use of computer technology in instruction. The faculty gained confidence and enhanced their computer self‐ efficacy resulting in a community of faculty with shared interests in using computers in the classroom. Components of the program, its evaluation and recommendations for implementation are discussed.Higher education cannot realize the potential impact of computer technology until faculty are comfortable using technology for instructional activities. Current computer hardware and related information technologies are now faster, possess greater memory, and are available at lower costs than their predecessors. Faculty in higher education can and should make imaginative use of these technologies to enrich the learning environment and support student learning. Many faculty are sufficiently comfortable with the technology to use it in the classroom; however, many others are not. Indeed, the pace of the information revolution has left many faculty members bewildered and unsure of how or when they can utilize this ever‐changing phenomenon. Academic administrators must, therefore, develop mechanisms to help faculty become comfortable with the use of computers in their instructional activities (Olivier and Shapiro, 1993).The purpose of this article is to describe an in service program designed to improve instructional computer use by faculty at a university campus. The authors found that computer self‐efficacy is related to adoption among the faculty on this campus as it is at others (Faseyitan and Hirschbuhl, 1992). Therefore, the program objective was to enhance the computer self‐efficacy of the faculty and their desire to integrate computers into instruction.First, we establish how improved self‐efficacy is linked to computer usage in instruction, establishing the framework for the in service program. Next, a detailed description of the program is presented. Finally, we present an evaluation and an assessment of the impact of the in service program on the self‐efficacy of faculty at our campus.
Interactive video and group learning: two action enquiry based evaluations
Authors: Cloke Chris , Farren Margaret , Barrington Janette 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo evaluations of Interactive Programmes are presented. Both studies involved groups of learners interacting with each other and with LaserVision software. However, the contexts of the programmes are different: one concerns counselling skills for student teachers, the other is a geography simulation programme. The evaluations identified the power of the medium to present powerful images. The issues of programme structure and group interaction are discussed. Although structures of these programmes are simple, there appears to be merit in them if they are managed well by teachers.
Narrative, linearity and interactivity: making sense of interactive multimedia
Authors: Plowman Lydia 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA novice to IMM is confronted by a new medium which transforms narrative structures which have evolved over thousands of years. This article focuses on educational interactive media for which the notion of multiple interpretations has different implications, particularly for comprehension and cognition. It reports on experiments with a number of multimedia packages to see how children make sense of interactive media.
Interactive learning and technology in the US science and mathematics reform movement
Authors: Bailey Clare , Chambers Jack 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis article presents an overview of the science/mathematics reform movement in the secondary/elementary schools and higher education institutions of the United States. It describes the research and views of educational practitioners regarding the need for change, as well as the particular changes which appear to be required. Emphasis is placed on the roles of interactive learning and technology in meeting reform goals.Details of a recently completed curricular innovation project in science and mathematics are provided. Funded by the National Science Foundation, the project brought five faculty in the natural sciences together with a learning theorist at Florida Community College at Jacksonville, a large, multi‐campus, public institution. The group developed and taught two basic integrated science/mathematics courses in which cooperative and discovery learning, supported by multimedia technology and distance learning, were major components. Details of results are provided as they relate to meeting the goals of the reform movement.
Now Read This: Book Reviews The Protestant Work Ethic. What Was It? Is its Ghost Still Around?
Authors: Preston Ronald H. 
Published: October 2006

Adrian Furnham, The Protestant Work Ethic. The Psychology of Work‐related Beliefs and Behaviour, Routledge, Chapman & Hall, London and New York, 1990, pp. xv + 305, pb, £13.99, ISBN 0‐425‐01705‐X.Carl‐Henric Grenholm, Protestant Work Ethics: A Study of Work Ethical Theories in Contemporary Protestant Theology, Uppsala Studies in Social Ethics 15, Uppsala, 1993, pp. 350, np.
Business Integrity in Transitional Economies: Central & Eastern Europe
Authors: Murray David J. , Kucia Marek 
Published: October 2006

What are the ethical concerns among the growing populations of business people in Central & Eastern Europe, and how might they be dealt with practically in the course of business life? David Murray has been a management consultant since 1979 working primarily with the Hay Group in the area of strategic organisational change. Since founding Maine Consulting Services in 1991 he spends most of his time in the field of business and professional ethics, also holding a Visiting Fellowship at the University of Central Lancashire. He is chairman of the Professional & Technical Board at the (British) Institute of Quality Assurance and a coordinating editor of the quarterly Organisations & People. Marek Kucia is a social researcher operating his own research agency (which organised the Polish part of this exercise) and an academic teaching sociology, and conducting and co‐ordinating Central European Studies at the Jagiellonian University, Krakow. He studied political science, sociology and philosophy at Krakow and studied for his PhD at Oxford. He has also worked for Gallup, London, in opinion and market research. This survey report is based on presentations made in April 1994 to the EBEN Research Centres Conference in Prague, and in June 1994 to the conference on “Ethics in Transition” organised in Gödöllö, Hungary, by the Democracy after Communism Foundation, Budapest.The authors wish to acknowledge the major contribution to this work of Mr Juraj Kusnierik of the Central European Foundation, SEN, Bratislava, who co‐ordinated the survey exercise. The project was sponsored by The Ethics Development Initiative, CARE, London; the Central European Foundation, SEN, Bratislava, Slovakia; SIS Ltd., Bratislava, Slovakia; and Maine Consulting Services, 16 Acrefield, Blackburn, Lancashire, England BB2 7BJ, to which all correspondence connected with this report should be addressed.
Case Study: Innovations in Corporate Governance: The Mondragón experience
Authors: Turnbull Shann 
Published: October 2006

The stakeholder co‐operatives formed around the town of Mondragón in the Basque region of Spain have been outstandingly successful on a number of measures in comparison with other forms of firms. The control architecture within and between Mondragón firms contains a number of innovations and lessons for developing the theory and practice of corporate governance. This paper outlines the 38 year evolution of Mondragón structures.The control and incentive architecture of Mondragón firms was custom designed according to the nature of both their activities and their principal stakeholders. The resulting unique control arrangements and outstanding performance supports the hypothesis that the structure of governance is a determinant of sustainable competitive advantages. The evolution of Mondragón firms also illustrates the need to consider corporate architecture as a variable at any one time or over time. The Mondragón experience illustrates how the social research approach of ‘action science’ can be used to create competitive enterprises. The paper recommends this approach for developing the theory and practice of corporate governance.
The Contribution, Power and Influence of Part‐time Board Members
Authors: McNulty Terry , Pettigrew Andrew 
Published: October 2006

The paper compares the contribution, power and influence of non‐executive directors and part‐time chairpersons within large UK PLC's, using interview data collected for a pilot study. Two questions are addressed:What contribution, if any, is made by non‐executive directors and part‐time chairmen?How, if at all, do part‐time chairpersons exercise power and influence?The paper reveals that part‐time chairmen and non‐executive directors claim to contribute to a broad range of issues, ranging from the strategy of the firm, to the appointment, selection and dismissal of board members. Contribution is made by part‐time chairmen and non‐executive directors converting power sources into influence. A variety of influence methods are used by part‐time chairmen and non‐executive directors to contribute as board members. Part‐time chairmen influence most by assertiveness, using the authority that comes with leading the board. Non‐executive directors influence most through persuasion and coalition formation. Non‐executive directors less on their positional authority to exert influence, and more on their personal knowledge, experience and expertise, as well as their ability to form relationships with individuals both inside and outside of the boardroom.
All Creative People are Not Alike
Authors: McWhinney Will 
Published: October 2006

The prime purpose of this article is to identify the differences we expect to find among highly gifted scientists and thus to guide us in supporting and managing their efforts. Differences that are important to this purpose can be grouped into those which describe:

the way in which a person works
the way in which he or she interacts with the environment
the ways in which a manager can both improve the creative person's effectiveness and manage his or her performance.
Perspectives on Design and Innovation
Authors: Walsh Vivien , Roy Robin , Bruce Margaret , Potter Stephen 
Published: October 2006

A series of studies of top European and other firms has revealed patterns of design management associated with commercial success. Firms that invest resources and professional expertise in product and industrial design in traditional and new industries have been commercially more successful than firms that pay less attention to these aspects of design.As an industry matures there is a shift in emphasis from design associated with technological innovation, to designs supporting technical improvements, and then to supporting user needs, fashion and product variants. These issues are illustrated through the history of the evolution of the bicycle.
Creativity and the Next Generation of Japanese‐Style Management
Authors: Murakami Teruyasu 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTThe postwar high‐level economic growth achieved by Japanese companies has been supported by, so‐called, Japanes‐style management. Today, Japan's entire socio‐economic system seems to be in a process of restructuring. Japanese‐style management is facing with profound and multi‐faceted changes. Whether Japanese companies can establish the next generation of Japanese‐style management or not depends on whether they can shift their mode of competition from ‘share competition’ to ‘creation competition’.
Learning from Japan's Multinationals
Authors: Murakami Teruyasu 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTJapanese multinationals have evolved a system of management well suited to handle multifaceted co‐ordination. In electronics, machinery and automobiles, manufacturing and assembly is complex, demand shifts rapidly and technical innovation is continuous. In these circumstances a management system involving a ‘borderless’ structure, custodial leadership, incremental planning and personnel practices which foster competition among peers, hard work and commitment is effective. Western firms can benefit by adapting some aspects of Japanese practices.
Agency costs, taxes and debt: The UK evidence
Authors: Lasfer M. Ameziane 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper provides an empirical examination of the impact of the corporation tax and agency costs on firms' capital structure decisions. Our evidence suggests that the agency costs are the main determinants of corporate borrowing. Consistent with the agency theory, we find that firms that have fewer growth options have more debt in their capital structure. Moreover, our results show that debt mitigates the free cash flow problem and that firms that are more likely to be diversified and less prone to bankruptcy are highly geared. the negative effect of insider shareholding on leverage disappears, however; when all the agency mechanisms are accounted for. In addition, we find that, in the long run, companies that are tax exhausted exhibit significantly lower debt ratios than tax‐paying firms. However, in the short run, firms' capital structure decisions are not affected by taxation.
The intertemporal volatility structure of Euro CD rates
Authors: Arshanapalli Bala , Doukas John , Lang Larry H. P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this paper we examine the intertemporal volatility structure of Eurocurrency rates of five different maturities ranging from seven days to twelve months for six Euro CD currency denominations spanning the 1986–1992 period. the analysis used the common ARCH‐feature testing methodology recently developed by Engle and Kozicki (1993). First, the results indicate presence of ARCH effects in the Eurocurrency rate series. This result suggests that modelling of Eurocurrency rates requires the inclusion of time‐varying risk premia. Second, our evidence reveals that short‐ and long‐term Eurocurrency rate series have the same volatility process. the results point out that a common time‐varying volatility process characterises most Eurocurrency rate series across maturities and currency denominations. Hence, the common ARCH results imply that a common time‐varying variance model would be the appropriate specification of the conditional heterscedasticity for most Eurocurrency rates.
Innovation in Euromarket hybrid funding instruments
Authors: Marshall Andrew P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper considers case studies of the use of innovative hybrid funding instruments—which have features of debt and equity issued by UK companies in the Euromarket. It considers why these instruments were developed and how they utilise the ‘grey areas' in accounting and tax regulations to achieve what managers perceive to be the main benefits of each. One of the major influences on the choice of funding instruments for a number of companies involved in acquisitions in the late 1980s was their accounting and tax treatment. the search was for cost effective finance which at the same time contributed a premium to blunt the purchased goodwill write‐off. Group reserves have no legal significance but goodwill write‐offs can have consequences for a group constrained by borrowing restrictions (based on its balance sheet figures). the concern with the shape of the balance sheet and the ratios calculated using these figures, combined with perceived beliefs about the tax advantages of borrowing led to the development of the Euroconvertible Preference Share issues by subsidiary companies in 1989. the tax authorities removed the attraction of this instrument to issuers. However, the innovative process continued and similar accounting and tax explanations influenced the design of another major category of hybrid—the Convertible Capital Bond. Accounting regulators have reacted to this hybrid by producing new guidelines which have removed its benefits and therefore its attraction to companies. Nonetheless, the process of innovation continues and a new instrument—the Irredeemable Convertible Bond—has been developed.
The cost of bank loans in relation to bonds swapped into a floating rate
Authors: Armitage Seth 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBanks never lend at less than the interbank floating rate, LIBOR. We argue that this must be because it is insufficiently profitable for those that could lend at less than LIBOR to do so and discuss circumstances in which this would be the case. Using data from 1988–1991, we show that LIBOR varies in relation to the cost of corporate bonds swapped into a floating rate, and suggest that the relative cost of LIBOR may affect bank and bond market pricing policies. the data also indicates that changes in the compensation for credit risk demanded by the bank and bond markets are not synchronous, and that swap rates have an appreciable impact on the cost of bonds swapped into floating.