bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The colonic groove or furrow: A comparative morphological study of six species of African mole‐rats (Rodentia, Bathyergidae)
Authors: Kotzé S.H. , van der Merwe E.L. , Ndou R. , O'Riain M.J. , Bennett N.C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHerbivorous mammals such as nutrias, guinea pigs, chinchillas, and mole‐rats have a longitudinal mucosal colonic groove (furrow) in their ascending colon, which is thought to play a role in the colonic separation mechanism (CSM). It is not known whether this groove is structurally modified to adapt to this function in mole‐rat species. The morphology of this groove was studied in 32 mol‐rats, four species, one of which consisted of three subspecies, endemic to southern Africa and two species found in eastern Africa. The macroscopic morphology of the groove was documented, and samples for histological examination were taken. The groove was wide at its origin at the cecocolic junction and was lined on either side by a row of papillae with the opposing papillae slightly offset in arrangement. The papillated groove gradually decreased in size toward the distal part of the ascending colon where it disappeared. This pattern was similar in all species except in Heterocephalus glaber, where the papillae were absent and the groove was lined by two longitudinal ridges. A histological examination of cross sections revealed that the mucosa covering the inner and outer walls of the groove was rich in mucous‐secreting goblet cells. The walls of the groove contained smooth muscle extending from the inner circular smooth muscle layer at the base to the tips of the papillae in all species examined as well as arteries, lymphatic vessels, and prominent sinusoid‐like veins. The groove could be demonstrated both macroscopically and histologically in three Bathyergus suillus fetuses of varying sizes. The sinusoid‐like veins present in all grooves, regardless of macroscopic shape, suggest that they have a role in the functioning of the groove. J. Morphol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of bone matrix composition and trabecular microarchitecture of the femoral metaphysis in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Tingart Markus , Beckmann Johannes , Opolka Alfred , Matsuura Maiko , Schaumburger Jens , Grifka Joachim , Grässel Susanne 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) usually affects young individuals. In advanced stages of ONFH, total hip replacement is the golden standard. However, survivorship after total hip replacement has been reported to be poorer in patients with ONFH compared to patients with primary osteoarthritis (OA). In radiological and histological studies, an impaired bone quality was found not only for the femoral head, but also for the intertrochanteric and metaphyseal region. We hypothesize that alterations of bone quality in the femoral metaphysis might contribute to early stem loosening. The objective of this study was to assess the gene expression levels of factors regulating bone formation and remodeling of the intertrochanteric regions and the proximal femoral canal in patients with ONFH and those with primary OA. The cellular and macromolecular composition of the bone matrix was assessed by osteocalcin immunohistochemistry, and the three‐dimensional organization of trabecular bone was characterized by µCT analysis. Gene expression of BMP‐2 is twofold higher in the proximal femur in the region of the greater trochanter of patients with ONFH compared to those with OA. The number of osteoblasts in the greater trochanter of patients with ONFH (253/mm2) is increased compared to patients with OA (156/mm2). Trabecular properties in ONFH bone are altered for bone volume (OA: 32 mm3, ONFH: 51 mm3) and structure model index (OA: 2.2, ONFH: 1.6) in the proximal femoral canal, but not in the trochanteric regions. These alterations in bone metabolism and architecture might contribute to the higher rates of stem loosening after total hip replacement in patients with ONFH, however, further experimental and clinical studies are needed to support our findings. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Symptomatic and quality of life changes after extrapleural pneumonectomy for malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Ambrogi Vincenzo , Mineo Davide , Gatti Antonio , Pompeo Eugenio , Mineo Tommaso C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundExtrapleural pneumonectomy for malignant pleural mesothelioma is considered an aggressive procedure, but symptomatic and quality of life changes are unknown.MethodsBetween 1997 and 2004, 16 consecutive patients underwent extrapleural pneumonectomy for mesothelioma followed by chemo‐radiotherapy. Tumor‐related symptoms and quality of life (Short‐Form‐36 and St. George's questionnaires) were assessed pre, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively.ResultsThirty‐day postoperative major morbidity was 31% with no mortality. At 3 months postoperatively, dyspnea improved in 10 patients (62%), pain in 12 (75%), cough in 10 (62%), fever in 11 (68%), Karnofsky‐index in 10 (62%), Short‐Form‐36 physical‐component‐summary in 8, mental‐component‐summary in 5 and total St. George score in 8 (50%). At 1 year 10 (62%) patients were alive and majority of improved parameters were still stable. Thereafter they usually started to decline. Survival was influenced by nonepithelial histology (P < 0.01) and N2‐disease (P < 0.01), which showed to be the only prognosticator at Cox regression (P < 0.0001, Odd ratio 5.4). Among symptomatic variables, a 3‐month postoperative Short‐Form‐36 physical‐component‐summary above the median value correlated significantly with a better prognosis (P < 0.02).ConclusionsExtrapleural pneumonectomy may rapidly improve symptoms as well as quality of life, especially in physical domains. Other than biological factors, postoperative Short‐Form‐36 physical component as well, significantly influenced the prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:199–204. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms for soft‐tissue ablation and the development of alternative medical lasers based on investigations with mid‐infrared free‐electron lasers
Authors: Edwards G.S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractExperimental evidence indicating the potential biomedical advantages of using a Mark‐III Free‐Electron Laser (FEL) for the ablation of soft tissue were first reported in 1994. Research progress since that time is reviewed, including: 1) successful human surgery using the Mark‐III FEL; 2) advances in understanding the physical mechanism for infrared tissue ablation and how these mechanistic features correlate with the preferential ablative properties; 3) the pursuit of table‐top, nanosecond‐pulsed laser technology that mimics the preferential ablation properties of the Mark‐III FEL with the aim of improving clinical acceptance of mid‐infrared laser ablation of soft tissue; and 4) current research challenges.
Highly Conductive Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Nanocomposites Achievable?
Authors: Sun Xinxin , Song Mo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (NT) have attracted growing interest in recent years as a conducting filler in the development of conductive polymer composites. However, most of experimental results show that the conductivity of NT/polymer composites is significantly lower than expected. Can NTs be an effective conductive filler for improving the electrical conductivity of polymers? In order to answer this question, a continuum model was constructed by introducing effective tunneling conduction in a non‐universal network for the prediction of electrical conductivity of NT/polymer composites. Based on this model, the effect of the microstructure of NT/polymer composites on conductivity was assessed particularly for NT/polyethylene, NT/polyimide, and NT/poly(vinyl alcohol) composites. NT contact resistance and tunneling resistance have significant influences on the conductivity. The effects of the potential barrier of polymer and the tortousity of single‐walled NTs on the conductivity were also analyzed. NTs cannot be considered as a valuable conductive filler for the development of highly conductive polymer composites unless the contact and tunneling resistances are reduced significantly.magnified image
Osteomyocutaneous deep circumflex iliac artery perforator flap in the reconstruction of midface defect with facial skin loss: A case report
Authors: Shaw Richard J. , Brown James S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe describe the value of the osteomyocutaneous deep circumflex iliac artery perforator (DCIAP) flap in the complex midface defect requiring oronasal, skeletal, and facial skin reconstruction. The skin island is thin and vascular pedicle is long and flexible enough to allow reconstruction of a variety of cutaneous defects. The DCIAP option offers an apparently excellent and complete reconstruction and good potential for subsequent rehabilitation, however can be raised synchronously with the ablative procedure and requires only one pair of anastamoses. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009.
Mixed incontinence: Comparing definitions in women having stress incontinence surgery
Authors: Brubaker Linda , Stoddard Anne , Richter Holly , Zimmern Philippe , Moalli Pamela , Kraus Stephen R. , Norton Peggy , Lukacz Emily , Sirls Larry , Johnson Harry 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo develop an empirically derived definition of mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) for use in incontinence outcomes research.MethodsParticipants in a randomized trial comparing the fascial sling and. Burch colposuspension were assessed using standardized measures including the Medical, Epidemiologic and Social Aspects of Aging (MESA), UI questionnaire, the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI), 3‐day urinary diary and urodynamic studies (UDS). Participants were required to have stress incontinence with a MESA stress subscale score > MESA urge subscale score. Several definitions of MUI were considered. Logistic and linear regression analysis methods were used to predict clinical outcomes based on the different MUI definitions. Analyses were carried out using SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, Version 9.1). Statistical significance was defined at P‐value <0.05.ResultsIn 655 participants, the proportion of women with MUI varied from 8.3% to 93.3% depending on the MUI definition All definitions were associated with severity as measured by the frequency of incontinence episodes at baseline; however little of the variability was explained by any single definition. No strict cut‐off value for these baseline measures was identified to predict clinical outcomes.ConclusionsThese MUI definitions do not adequately categorize clinically relevant UI subgroups. For research reporting, MUI subcomponents of stress and urge UI should be described separately rather than as a single dimension. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:268–273, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Longitudinal assessment of lung function from infancy to childhood in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Harrison Amy N. , Regelmann Warren E. , Zirbes Jacquelyn M. , Milla Carlos E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRationaleInfant pulmonary function testing (IPFT) has become an important clinical tool for the evaluation of lung function in infants with Cystic Fibrosis (CF); however, it is still unclear whether lung function in infancy is predictive of lung function later in life. We hypothesized that measures of airflow obstruction by IPFT would correlate strongly with lung function by conventional spirometry later in childhood.Study Design and MethodologyA retrospective analysis was performed of all CF infants studied with IPFT at the University of Minnesota Children's Hospital between September 1994 and March 2003. A total of 41 patients underwent IPFT and had valid spirometry results available at age 6 or later. IPFT values, such as I:E ratio, respiratory rate, tidal volume, and Tptef/Te, were calculated from tidal breathing loops. Passive respiratory system mechanics, which included Crs, Rrs, and τrs, were measured by the single breath end‐inspiratory occlusion technique. Forced expiratory flows, including VmaxFRC, FVC, FEF50, and FEF75, were obtained by rapid thoracic compression and included a full vital capacity maneuver by the multiple inflation method. FRC measurements were calculated from data obtained via nitrogen washout in a subset of patients. In addition, information on age at diagnosis and results of oropharyngeal (OP) cultures at diagnosis and on subsequent visits was recorded. Standard spirometry was performed in all patients starting at age 5. The first valid flow‐volume loop after age six was selected for analysis.ResultsSignificant correlations were observed for the Rrs and the FEF50 by IPFT and the FEV1 and the FEF25–75 by standard spirometry (r > 0.4 and P < 0.03 for all correlations). These correlations were the strongest for those IPFT measurements obtained within 1 month of diagnosis and when Rrs was expressed as sGrs. The correlations observed were independent of the effects of age at diagnosis, gender and presence of Pseudomonas in oropharyngeal cultures at the time of diagnosis. Mean Rrs declined from 0.050 to 0.027 cm H2O/ml/sec with treatment (P < 0.0001). There were no other significant associations found between other IPFT values measured and FEV1 by spirometry.ConclusionsMeasures of airflow obstruction on IPFT, specifically Rrs, sGrs, and FEF50, were strongly correlated with future lung function. IPFT measurement of Rrs in addition to forced expiratory flows may help select patients at the greatest risk of early lung function decline. This study supports the use of Rrs as a surrogate variable to help assess the impact of early therapies in CF. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:330–339. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cd‐free Cu(In,Ga)Se2/In2S3 thin‐film heterostructures
Authors: Rud V. Yu. , Rud Yu. V. , Gremenok V. F. , Zalesski V. B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe technology of heat treatment of initial Cu‐In‐Ga layers in an inert N2 atmosphere in the presence of Se and S vapors was used in self‐organized growth of homogeneous films of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 alloys onto which the CdS or In2S3 films were deposited and, on the basis of these structures, thin‐film glass/Mo/p‐Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2/(In2S3, CdS)/n‐ZnO/Ni‐Al heterostructures were created. The mechanism of charge transport and the processes of photosensitivity in the obtained structures subjected to irradiation with natural and linearly polarized light are discussed. The broadband photosensitivity of thin‐film heterostructures and induced photopleochroism were detected. These findings indicate that there is an interference antireflection of the structures obtained. It is established that higher solar‐cell efficiency in these heterostructures occurs if In2S3 thin films are used as heterobarriers. This technology can be used in the creation ecologically safe Cd‐free next generation thin‐film solar cells. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The specificity of structure and electrical behavior of multinary solid solutions formed by chemical compounds
Authors: Rogacheva E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOn the basis of the analysis of structure and concentration dependences of physical properties in a number of ternary solid solutions based on IV‐VI semiconducting compounds, certain specific features of solid solutions between chemical compounds caused by the chemical interaction in solid solutions are revealed. They include the formation of microheterogeneous structure of the solid solution, the existence of a threshold of complex formation, a non‐quasibinary character of the sections passing through two congruent compounds in the range of small impurity concentrations, the appearance of extrema in the dependences of properties on composition along the isoconcentrates in the Gibbs triangle in the points corresponding to intersections with a quasibinary section, etc. The situation is complicated when the host compound contains a high concentration of native defects. The revealed peculiarities have universal character, i.e. the same phenomena must be typical for multinary solid solutions of different types. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Isolation and characterization of a new hispolone derivative from antioxidant extracts of Pistacia atlantica
Authors: Yousfi Mohamed , Djeridane Amar , Bombarda Isabelle , Chahrazed‐Hamia  , Duhem Bernard , Gaydou Emile M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe quantification of the total phenolic compounds of Pistacia atlantica showed that the different parts of the tree are rich in natural phenolic compounds. The antioxidant tests proved that the phenolic extracts have a strong antioxidant activity. The positive correlation between the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and the amount of phenolic compounds confirms their contribution to the antioxidant activity. Among the various phenolic compounds isolated and characterized by spectroscopic methods, a new natural antioxidant 1 (methyl 5‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐3‐hydroxypenta‐2,4‐dienoate) derived from hispolone 2 has been isolated from the mushroom Inonotus hispidus growing on Pistacia atlantica. Hispolone 2 (6‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐4‐hydroxyhexa‐3,5‐dien‐2‐one) and hispidin 3 (6‐(2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)vinyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one) have been also identified using spectroscopic methods, including 2D‐NMR and EI‐MS. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asparagus PR cannot compete with first‐line diuretics in lowering the blood pressure in treatment‐requiring antihypertensives
Authors: Chrubasik Sigrun , (deceased) Conrad Droste , Black Andy 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA six week clinical surveillance of 163 patients receiving maximally tolerable doses of Asparagus P®, a proprietary mixture pulversied dried asparagus root and parsley leaf, has not indicated any clinically useful antihypertensive effect. The profile of adverse events (with 7 patients leaving the surveillance early because of renally related complaints) contraindicates its use in hypertension or to promote flushing of the efferent tract in rental inflammatory conditions or urolithiasis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive steering control of a farm tractor with varying yaw rate properties
Authors: Derrick J. Benton , Bevly David M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a novel application of a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) system to control the lateral position of a farm tractor tracking a straight path. Farm tractors can be configured with various implements, and the tractor yaw rate dynamics vary with each implement. It is desired that the lateral position response of the farm tractor remain consistent with respect to different implement configurations. Therefore, a MRAC system is implemented on the farm tractor to compensate for yaw rate plant variations by adapting the feed‐forward yaw rate controller. Simulation results of the algorithm are shown that display poor performance due to neglected steering actuator dynamics and saturation. Modifications are made to the algorithm to account for the steering actuator properties, and more simulated results are presented that display ideal performance. Finally, the MRAC algorithm is implemented on a John Deere 8420 farm tractor, and experimental results are presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenylhydrazine Compounds of Aluminum and Gallium – from Adducts to Cyclic Hydrazides and Cages
Authors: Uhl Werner , Abel Thomas , Kösters Jutta , Rezaeirad Babak 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reactions of trialkyl‐element compounds (E = Al, Ga) with hydrazines usually proceed by the intermediate formation of the simple adducts R3E←NH2‐N(H)‐R′. However, only one adduct (1; R = iPr, E = Ga) could be isolated and characterized in the reactions of ER3 compounds bearing relatively small substituents with phenylhydrazine. In all other cases fast secondary processes gave directly the corresponding dimeric hydrazides [R2E–N(H)–N(H)‐C6H5]2 (2 to 4; R = Me, Et; E = Al, Ga) by gas evolution below room temperature. In contrast, decomposition of the adduct 1 required boiling toluene to produce the hydrazide 5. Compounds 3 and 4 possess four‐membered E2N2 heterocycles with two exocyclic N–N bonds in the solid state, while a five‐membered Ga2N3 heterocycle with an endocyclic and an exocyclic N–N bond was found in the crystal structure of 5. These hydrazides exhibit a dynamic behavior in solution with a complicated equilibrium between four‐ and five‐membered rings and cis‐/trans‐isomers. Further thermolysis of the hydrazides 2 and 4 inboiling toluene or at 200 °C afforded the cage compounds [(R)E–N(H)–N–C6H5]4 (6 and 7, E = Al, Ga) in which two six‐membered E2N4 heterocycles with a boat conformation are connected by four Al–N bonds.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Ionic Conductivity of Ag8I2(CrO4)3
Authors: Pitzschke Dragan , Curda Jan , Jansen Martin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAg8I2(CrO4)3 has been synthesized by solid state reaction, starting from stoichiometric mixtures of Ag2O, AgI and Cr2O3, at elevated oxygen pressures. The compound crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P63/m, with the unit cell dimensions a = 9.4474(4) Å, c = 10.2672(4) Å, γ = 120°, V = 793.61(6) Å3, and Z = 6. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined, basing on single crystal diffraction data (815 independent reflections, R1 = 2.45 %). The structure is fully ordered. The CrO42– ions are arranged in the mode of an hcp packing. Such a building principle is providing channels of face sharing octahedral voids. In the case of the title compound, there are three of such channels in the unit cell. Two of them accommodate two iodine atoms and one silver each, with iodine occupying the octahedral voids, and silver centering the triangular faces connecting the octahedra. Thus, for silver a trigonal bipyramidal coordination by three oxygen and two iodine ions result. In the third column of face sharing octahedra, silver is in the centre of the octahedra. The remaining silver atoms are located in the tetrahedral voids, between the CrO42– ions. According to the results of impedance measurements, Ag8I2(CrO4)3 is a silver ion conductor. The compound shows an increase in the ionic conductivity in the temperature range from 25 to 175 °C, and has a silver ion conductivity of 6.5 × 10–4 Ω–1·cm–1 at 30 °C. The activation energy for silver ion conduction is 0.21 eV, in the temperature range from 25 to 50°.
Death of a tumor: targeting CCN in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Leask Andrew 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe matricellular protein CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor, CTGF) has been previously implicated in tumorigenesis. In pancreatic cancer cells, CCN2 expression occurs downstream of ras/MEK/ERK. Direct evidence that CCN2 mediates tumor progression in pancreatic cancer has been lacking. An exciting recent report by Bennewith et al. (Cancer Res 69:775–784, 2009) has used shRNA knockdown of CCN2 to illustrate that CCN2 contributes to growth of pancreatic tumor cells, both in vitro and in vivo. This report briefly summarizes these findings.
An Evidence‐Based Process for Evaluating Infection Control Policies
Authors: Freeman Stacey S. , Lara Gregory L. , Courts Monique R. , Wanzer Linda J. , Bibb Sandra C. Garmon 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to identify and describe evidence‐based criteria for evaluating the appropriateness of policies for decontamination of noncritical equipment.An integrated literature review, guided by the Stetler Research Utilization Model and Bibb‐Wanzer Identifying, Organizing, and Synthesizing strategy, provided the framework. A confirmatory search and document review process guided identification of documents and data extraction. Data synthesis was conducted using manifest content analysis.Five major criteria for disinfecting noncritical items were identified: use of personal protective equipment, removal of contamination, cleaning items before disinfecting, low‐level disinfectant use, and following manufacturers' recommendations for disinfectants. AORN J 89 (March 2009) 489–507. © AORN, Inc, 2009.