bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a cascade impactor optimized for size-fractionated analysis of aerosol metal content by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF)
Authors: Crazzolara Claudio , Held Andreas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. A new cascade impactor has been developed with the arrangement of the classifying nozzles optimized for analysis of the collected particles by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF). TXRF offers detection limits in the range of a few picograms of absolute mass and therefore poses great potential for the elemental analysis of heavy metals in aerosol particles. To fully exploit this high sensitivity, particles have to be collected in the effective analysis area of the TXRF instrument, which is often smaller than typical deposition patterns of commercial impactors or filter samplers. This is achieved by a novel compact arrangement of the classifying nozzles within a circular area of a diameter of less than 5 mm. A decreasing density of the nozzle spacing from the inside to the outside of the nozzle cluster allows for constant cross-flow conditions, minimizing the mutual influence of the individual nozzles. The design of a multistage cascade impactor is presented to individually sample PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 size fractions. Considering the high sensitivity of TXRF analysis, constructive measures have been taken to prevent attrition of impactor material which might lead to methodical blank values. Experimental validation confirms that neither attrition nor cross-contamination can be observed. Furthermore, a new spin-coating method has been developed which makes it possible to apply a thin and defined adhesive layer of grease to the sample carrier with good repeatability. Application of the impactor in a case study at an urban site at Potsdamer Platz, Berlin, Germany, shows that sampling at a moderate volume flow rate of 5 L min−1, the particle mass collected in 30 min or less is sufficient for reliable TXRF analysis of heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb and Ni) in ambient aerosol. This high time resolution enables snapshot sampling, e.g. to quantify variations in particle source strengths. Overall, the new impactor optimized for TXRF analysis bears great potential to improve the quantification of particulate trace metals and other elements in PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 with high time resolution.
Preindustrial to present-day changes in atmospheric carbon monoxide: agreements and gaps between ice archives and global model reconstructions
Authors: Faïn Xavier , Szopa Sophie , Naïk Vaishali , Martinerie Patricia , Etheridge David M. , Rhodes Rachael H. , Trudinger Cathy M. , Petrenko Vasilii V. , Fourteau Kévin , Place Phillip 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Global chemistry-climate models (CCMs) play an important role in assessing the climate and air pollution implications of aerosols and chemically reactive gases. Evaluating these models under past conditions and constraining historical sources and sinks necessitates reliable records of atmospheric mixing ratios spanning preindustrial times. Such precious records were recently obtained for carbon monoxide (CO) documenting for the first time the evolution of this reactive compound over the industrial era. In this study, we compare the simulated atmospheric surface CO mixing ratios ([CO]) from two different sets of CCMs and emissions in the frame of CMIP5 and of CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phases 5 and 6) with recent bipolar ice archive reconstructions for the period spanning 1850 to present. We analyze how historical (1850–2014) [CO] outputs from 16 (Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project) models and 6 AerChemMIP (Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project) models over Greenland and Antarctica are able to capture both absolute values and trends recorded in multi-site ice archives. While most models underestimate [CO] at high northern latitudes, a reduction in this bias is observed from ACCMIP to AerChemMIP exercises. Over the 1980–2010 CE period, trends in ice archive and firn air observations and AerChemMIP outputs align remarkably well at high northern and southern latitudes, indicating improved quantification of CO anthropogenic emissions and the main CO sink (OH oxidation) compared to ACCMIP. From 1850 to 1980 CE, AerChemMIP models and observations consistently show increasing [CO] in both the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH), suggesting a robust understanding of the CO budget evolution. However, a divergence in the [CO] growth rate emerges in NH between models and observations over the 1920–1975 CE period, attributed to uncertainties in CO emission factors (EF), particularly EF for RCO (Residential, Commercial and Others) and transportation sectors, although we cannot totally rule out that the CO record based on Greenland ice archives may be biased high by CO chemical production processes occurring in the ice prior the measurements (i.e., in situ CO production). In the Southern Hemisphere, AerChemMIP models simulate an increase in atmospheric [CO] from 1850 to 1980 CE closely reproducing the observations (22±10 ppb and 13±7 ppb, respectively). Such agreement supports CMIP6 biomass burning CO emission inventories which do not reveal a peak in CO emissions in the late 19th century. Furthermore, both SH models and observations reveal an accelerated growth rate in [CO] during 1945–1980 CE relative to 1980–1945 CE, likely linked to increased anthropogenic transportation emissions.
Comparing observed and modelled components of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26° N
Authors: Bryden Harry , Beunk Jordi , Drijfhout Sybren , Hazeleger Wilco , Mecking Jennifer 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) allows the assessment of the representation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in climate models. While CMIP Phase 6 models display a large spread in AMOC strength, the multi-model mean strength agrees reasonably well with observed estimates from RAPID1, but this does not hold for the AMOC's various components. In CMIP Phase 6 (CMIP6), the present-day AMOC is characterized by a lack of lower North Atlantic Deep Water (lNADW) due to the small scale of Greenland–Iceland–Scotland Ridge overflow and too much mixing. This is compensated for by increased recirculation in the subtropical gyre and more Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). Deep-water circulation is dominated by a distinct deep western boundary current (DWBC) with minor interior recirculation compared with observations. The future decline in the AMOC of 7 Sv by 2100 under a Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5-8.5 (SSP5-8.5) emission scenario is associated with decreased northward western boundary current transport in combination with reduced southward flow of upper North Atlantic Deep Water (uNADW). In CMIP6, wind stress curl decreases with time by 14 % so that wind-driven thermocline recirculation in the subtropical gyre is reduced by 4 Sv (17 %) by 2100. The reduction in western boundary current transport of 11 Sv is more than the decrease in wind-driven gyre transport, indicating a decrease over time in the component of the Gulf Stream originating from the South Atlantic.
Woman’s Work is Never Done: Exhaustion and Alienation
Authors: Douglas Roxanne 
Published: April 2024

This concluding coda to the “A Woman’s Work is Never Done” Special Issue focuses on themes of exhaustion and alienation in women’s work. This coda builds on the Introduction and papers in the issue to examine how women’s labor often negotiates between and beyond the world-systemic wage relation, yet, women of course still operate within the capitalist world-system. Here I bring together the papers in this Special Issue to consider how, if “a woman’s work is never done” at the same time as there being “no such thing as an easy job” in our current world-system, this system of exhaustion and alienation can be mapped onto the gendered enmeshment of work with non-work, especially around care, pleasure, and emotional investment, which alienates us from those very same things in our current capitalist formations. I demonstrate how this enmeshment is thought through in literature by comparing the lyrics from c. 1629’s “A Woman’s Work Is Never Done” with Kikuko Tsumura’s recent bestseller, There’s No Such Thing as an Easy Job (2021), to frame the key themes that have emerged in this Special Issue, using Audre Lorde’s theorization of the erotic as a form of unalienating activity and energy.
Pelatihan Komputer Kepada Anak-Anak di Desa Tebachi, Kecamatan Kalideres, Kota Jakarta Barat
Authors: Setiawan Yohanes Ari , Nitsa’e Ayub Ferdinan , Richard Richard , Anggun Anggun , William Jantro Hans , Suhartanto Suhartanto , Sianturi Hana Grace , Puhiri Fredrik 
Published: April 2024

Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) memiliki peran penting dijaman digital sekarang ini. Manusia dituntut untuk bisa beradaptasi terhadap teknologi tersebut khususnya adalah komputer. Keterampilan dasar penggunaan komputer sangat penting untuk dikuasai, agar lebih maksimal dalam memanfaatkan penggunaan komputer. Pada kenyataanya belum semua manusia bisa menggunakan komputer terutama di pedesaan. Anak-anak di Desa Tebachi menjadi salah satu contoh yang belum terampil menggunakan komputer. Melihat masalah ini penulis ingin melakukan pengabdian masyrarakat untuk melakukan pelatihan komputer pada anak-anak di Desa Tebachi. Pelatihan tersebut terlaksana pada Kamis, 6 Juli 2023 pukul 15.00 – 17.30 yang dilakukan di Desa Tebachi. Peserta sebanyak 15 anak-anak dari umur 5 -15 tahun. Pelatihan terdiri dari pengenalan perangkat komputer, praktek menggunakan komputer, games ringan, dan evaluasi pelatihan. Hasil pelatihan bisa dikatakan berhasil karena antusias dan peran aktif dari anak-anak di saat pelatihan. Penulis menggunakan skala 1-5 dengan angka 1 sebagai sangat terendah dan angka 5 sangat tinggi setiap penilaian. Penilaian untuk acara secara keseluruhan rata-rata adalah 4.8 yang berarti acara sangat menarik. Nilai Rata-rata 4,67 berarti penyampaian materi sangat bermanfaat. Nilai Rata-rata 4,8 berarti interaksi dengan pemateri sangat baik. Pengurus Desa menharapkan pelatihan terus berlanjut dan tidak berhenti dikarenakan terasa sekali dampak manfaat pelatihan tersebut kepada anak-anak di Desa Tebachi.
Preditores de sarcopenia em pacientes com doença renal crônica submetidos à hemodiálise
Authors: Ripardo Katharyna Khauane Brandao , Nogueira Danniel Albuquerque , Lima Rafael Sousa , Santos Paulo Roberto 
Published: April 2024

A sarcopenia é uma doença que tem grande impacto na qualidade de vida e na capacidade funcional de pacientes mantidos em diálise. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar os fatores de risco para desenvolvimento de sarcopenia em paciente com doença renal crônica dialítica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, realizada no Centro de Hemodiálise de referencia na Região Norte do Ceará no ano de 2023. Participaram 152 pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idade maior que 18 anos. Para coleta de dados,avaliaram-se o perfil sociodemográfico e a presença de comorbidades, conforme o índice de Khan. Na análise da sarcopenia, utilizou-se do dinamômetro e, para o consumo alimentar, o recordatório alimentar de 24 horas. Os dados foram organizados no Excel e analisados no programa computacional R.Para análise estatística,realizaram-se a análise univariada e multivariada, considerando o intervalo de confiançade 95% e significância estatística mediante p ≤ 0,05. Apresença de sarcopenia foi em 52% da amostra. Observou-se consumo alimentar inferior às recomendações preconizadas em kcal/kg/dia e proteina grama/kg/dia. Na análise univariada, pacientes com índice de Khan médio e/ ou alto risco obtiveram trêsvezes mais chance de ter sarcopenia (0,004 P) e pacientes com idade avançada também apresentarammais chances de sarcopenia (<0,001 P). Na análise multivariada, apenas a idade foi preditora de sarcopenia.
Why Not Effective Altruism?
Authors: Chappell Richard Yetter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Effective altruism sounds so innocuous—who could possibly be opposed to doing good more effectively? Yet it has inspired significant backlash in recent years. This paper addresses some common misconceptions and argues that the core “beneficentric” ideas of effective altruism are both excellent and widely neglected. Reasonable people may disagree on details of implementation, but all should share the basic goals or values underlying effective altruism.
How (Not) to Fear Death
Authors: Burri Susanne 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Through the ages, many thinkers have worried that our death fears mar our lives. Sharing this worry, the Epicureans have argued that we can live well only if we see death for what it is: a mere “nothing” that it is ill-fitting to fear. I show how this argument depends on the assumption that a mental state theory of well-being is correct. If we give up this assumption, it can be fitting to fear death. Using my philosophical discussion of when and how it is fitting to fear death, I formulate three strategies for keeping our death-related fears in check. In this way, my paper follows the therapeutic tradition in philosophy, whose potential I urge effective altruists to explore.
Agility and accuracy and their relationship to the level of skill performance sword weapon in fencing
Authors: Ghosun Khalaf Aziz  , Ishraq Ghaleb Odeh  
Published: April 2024

تتطلب رياضة المبارزة سرعة في الأداء الحركي على الملعب وحركة مستمرة ما بين تقدم وتقهقر وحركات الهجوم والدفاع لذا وجب ان يمتلك اللاعب قدرة الاستمرار بالعمل العضلي المتناسق مع وجود توافق كامل بين حركات الجسم والحركات الفنية باستخدام اليد والرجل باستمرار وتقدير لمسافة التبارز وسرعة الهجوم نحو الخصم وبشكل مفاجئ وبجهد وقدرة عضلية تنطلق دفعة واحدة بأقصى سرعة واقل زمن وصولا إلى الهدف القانوني للخصم من اقرب واقصر طريق وبدقة متناهية لتسجيل لمسة . وللوصول الى نتائج متقدمة في رياضة المبارزة للنساء لا بد لنا نحن كعاملين في هذه الرياضة من الوقوف عند محددات اساسية لها أهمية في رياضة المبارزة والتي تمتلكها كل لاعبة وخاصة في سلاح سيف المبارزة والتي من الممكن تطويرها على وفق الأسس العلمية الصحيحة لذا رأت الباحثتان ومن خلال متابعتهما لرياضة المبارزة والاطلاع على ما هو جديد وحديث بهذه الرياضة العريقة تسليط الضوء على بعض القدرات الخاصة (كالرشاقة والدقة) والمؤثرة تأثيرا كبيرا بمستوى الاداء المهاري بسلاح سيف المبارزة بشكل خاص والمبارزة بشكل عام لذا استخدمت الباحثتان المنهج الوصفي وذلك لملائمته وموضوع الدراسة اما عينة البحث فقد كانت لاعبات منتخب كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة للبنات والبالغ عددهن (16) لاعبة للموسم الرياضي (2023-2024) اما اهم الاستنتاجات فكانت (وجود علاقة ارتباط ايجابية بين صفتي الرشاقة والدقة ومستوى الاداء المهاري بسلاح سيف المبارزة) ومن اهم التوصيات التي خرجت بها الباحثتان ضرورة الاهتمام من قبل المدربين بالقدرات الخاصة برياضة المبارزة وخاصة صفتي الرشاقة والدقة مع ضرورة تسليط الضوء على مستوى الاداء المهاري برياضة المبارزة كونه المحور الهام في حسم نتائج النزالات ولصالح المبارز الافضل ايضا اجراء دراسات مشابهة وعلى صفات وقدرات حركية اخرى ولفئات عمرية مختلفة.
THE QUESTION OF WAYS TO COMMIT FRAUD IN THE FIELD OF REAL ESTATE
Authors: Фокин А.Д. 
Published: April 2024

В наше время мошенничество с недвижимым имуществом стало достаточно обыденным явлением, при этом не имеет значения, каких видов сделок оно касается – будь то купля-продажа объектов недвижимости либо же их аренда. В первую очередь это обусловливается возможностью получения мошенниками достаточно крупного размера дохода от преступной деятельности в сфере оборота недвижимости. Такое положение, безусловно, требует анализа изучения способов обмана или злоупотребления доверием. Проведенный автором анализ следственной и судебной практики позволяет сделать вывод о том, что способы мошенничества в сфере недвижимого имущества многообразны. Согласно статистике, количество преступлений данной категории год от года не снижается, а, напротив, растет. В статье отмечены некоторые специфические особенности рынка недвижимости. Рассмотрены типичные способы совершения мошенничества в сфере недвижимости, предложена их авторская классификация, приведены некоторые меры по предупреждению. Позиция автора проиллюстрирована примерами из практики.
Nowadays, fraud with real estate has become quite commonplace, no matter what type of transactions it concerns - whether it is the purchase and sale of real estate or its lease. First of all, this is due to the possibility of fraudsters to receive quite a large amount of income from criminal activity in the sphere of real estate turnover. This situation, of course, requires analysing the study of methods of deception or breach of trust. The author's analysis of investigative and judicial practice allows us to conclude that the methods of fraud in the sphere of real estate are diverse. According to statistics, the number of crimes of this category does not decrease from year to year, but, on the contrary, grows. The article notes some specific features of the real estate market. Typical ways of committing fraud in the sphere of real estate are considered, their author's classification is offered, some measures for prevention are given. The author's position is illustrated by examples from practice.
PROSPECTS FOR LEGISLATION REFORM IN THE FIELD OF COMBATING EXTREMISM
Authors: Алфёров С.Н. 
Published: April 2024

В представленной статье обосновывается актуальность выбранной темы для исследования. Во-первых, экстремизм может привести к дестабилизирующим последствиям для общества, которые несут угрозу национальной безопасности государства. Опасность данного негативного явления также обуславливается возможностью вызывать социальные раздоры, разрушение общепринятых ценностей, нередко приводя к насилию. Во-вторых, в процессе проведенного исследования выявлены недостатки терминологии «экстремизм» и «экстремистская деятельность» ввиду использовании этих понятий как синонимов. В уголовно-правовой науке на современном этапе имеется неопределенность относительно единого понятия форм, видов экстремизма. В-третьих, качественное и эффективное расследование преступлений экстремистской направленности зависит от взаимодействия между правоохранительными органами, которое должно опираться на сочетание усилий субъектов уголовно-процессуальной и оперативно-розыскной деятельности. В-четверых, проведение активной разъяснительной и пропагандистской работы с населением позволило бы минимизировать совершение преступлений экстремистской направленности в связи с проживанием на территории страны большого количества различных народностей.
The presented article substantiates the relevance of the chosen topic for research. Firstly, extremism can lead to destabilising consequences for society, which pose a threat to the national security of the state. The danger of this negative phenomenon is also conditioned by the possibility of causing social discord, destruction of generally accepted values, often leading to violence. Secondly, in the course of the study revealed the shortcomings of the terminology of "extremism" and "extremist activity" due to the use of these concepts as synonyms. At the present stage there is uncertainty in the criminal-legal science regarding a single concept of forms and types of extremism. Thirdly, qualitative and effective investigation of extremist offences depends on cooperation between law enforcement agencies, which should be based on a combination of efforts of subjects of criminal procedure and operational and investigative activities. Fourth, active awareness-raising and propaganda work with the population would minimise the commission of extremist crimes due to the large number of different nationalities living in the country.
PROBLEMS OF FORCED SELECTION OF FINGERPOINT AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES FOR COMPARATIVE RESEARCH
Authors: Чернышёв С.А. , Журбенко А.М. 
Published: April 2024

В статье рассматриваются отдельные проблемы практики при-нудительного отбора образцов для сравнительного исследования в ходе раскры-тия и расследования преступлений. Рассмотрен опыт зарубежных стран, их нор-мативно-правовая база, регулирующая вопросы принудительного отбора образ-цов. Предлагаются пути повышения эффективности данного направления дея-тельности. Указывается на необходимость внесения изменений в законодатель-ство Российской Федерации по урегулированию вопроса принудительного отбора образцов крови у лиц, подлежащих обязательной геномной регистрации.
This article discusses some of the problems of the practice of forced sampling for comparative research during the detection and investigation of crimes. The experience of foreign countries, their regulatory framework regulating the issues of forced sampling is considered. The ways of increasing the efficiency of this activity are proposed. It is pointed out that it is necessary to amend the legislation of the Russian
ON THE ISSUE OF THE USE OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE INVESTIGATION OF EMBEZZLEMENT OF BUDGET FUNDS INTENDED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
Authors: Бойко И.Н. 
Published: April 2024

Специальные знания достаточно часто являются необходимыми для установления истины по уголовным делам. При расследовании преступлений широко используются специальные знания, необходимые для определения обстоятельств по уголовному делу, адекватного восприятия текущей ситуации и экспертной оценки имеющихся доказательств. В данной статье аргументирована необходимость и потребность в применении специальных знаний как в непроцессуальных, так и в процессуальных формах при расследовании хищений бюджетных средств, предназначенных для строительства и ремонта объектов социальной инфраструктуры, а также иных преступлений.
Special knowledge is quite often necessary to establish the truth in criminal cases. In the investigation of crimes, special knowledge is widely used to determine the circumstances of a criminal case, adequately perceive the current situation and correctly evaluate the available evidence. This article analyzes various ways of applying such special knowledge both in extrajudicial and judicial procedures, identifies certain difficulties associated with their use, and also considers the issue of attracting experts for successful resolution of investigation tasks.