bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated hearing impairment diagnosis using machine‐learning: An open‐source software development undergraduate research project
Authors: Taylor Kyra , Sheikh Waseem 
Published: February 2024

AbstractApproximately 700 million people will have disabling hearing loss by 2050. Underdeveloped and developing countries, which encompass a considerable proportion of people with disabling hearing impairment, have a sparse number of audiologists and otolaryngologists. The lack of specialists leaves most hearing impairments undiagnosed for a long time, resulting in negative societal and economic impacts. In this article, we propose an automated hearing impairment diagnosis software—based on machine learning—to support audiologists and otolaryngologists in accurately and efficiently diagnosing and classifying hearing loss. We present the design, implementation, and performance analysis of an open‐source automated hearing impairment diagnosis software, which consists of two modules: a hearing test data‐generation module and a machine‐learning model. The data‐generation module produces a diverse and exhaustive data set for training and evaluating the machine‐learning model. By employing multiclass and ultilabel classification techniques to learn from the hearing test data, the model can swiftly predict the type, degree, and configuration of hearing loss with high reliability. Our proposed machine‐learning model demonstrates promising results with a prediction time of 634 ms, a log‐loss reduction rate of 0.9848 and accuracy, precision, recall, and f1‐score of 1.0000—showing the model's applicability to assist audiologists and otolaryngologists in rapidly and accurately classifying the type, degree, and configuration of hearing loss. In addition to the technical contributions, this article also highlights the importance of involving undergraduate students in open‐source software development projects which have a direct impact on improving the quality of human life.
Two New Isospirostanol‐Type Saponins from the Bulbs of Lilium Brownii and Their Anti‐Hepatocarcinogenic Activity
Authors: He Shuaibo , Wu Tingjuan , Si Yanpo , Kang Jihong , Wei Wenjun , Zhang Fei , Feng Shuying , Ma Jianping , Wang Ya , Guo Tao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBulbs of Lilium brownii, commonly known as “Bai‐he” in China, serve both edible and medicinal purposes in clinical practice. In this study, two new isospirostanol‐type saponins were isolated from L. brownii, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic method, and absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of spectral data obtained from combined acid hydrolysis. Two compounds were finally identified as 3‐O‐[α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside]‐(22R,25R)‐5α‐spirosolane‐3β‐ol (1) and 3‐O‐{α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside}‐(22R,25R)‐5α‐spirosolane‐3β‐ol (2), respectively. Further, we found that compound 2 significantly suppressed the proliferation of SMMC‐7721 and HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 26.3±1.08 μM and 30.9±1.59 μM, whereas compound 1 didn't inhibit both of the two hepatocellular carcinoma. Subsequently, compound 2 effectively decreased the levels of interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α and the expression of Bcl‐2, and increased the expression of Bax and Caspase‐3 proteins. Which indicated that the anti‐hepatocellular carcinoma effect of compound 2 involves reducing the level of inflammation and inducing apoptosis.
The Biocatalytic Potential of Aromatic Ammonia–Lyase from Loktanella atrilutea
Authors: Tomoiaga R. B. , Ágoston G. , Boros K. , Nagy L. C. , Toşa M. I. , Paizs C. , Bencze L. C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCharacterization of the aromatic ammonia–lyase from Loktanella atrilutea (LaAAL) revealed reduced activity towards canonical AAL substrates: l‐Phe, l‐Tyr, and l‐His, contrasted by its pronounced efficiency towards 3,4‐dimethoxy‐l‐phenylalanine. Assessing the optimal conditions, LaAAL exhibited maximal activity at pH 9.5 in the ammonia elimination reaction route, distinct from the typical pH ranges of most PALs and TALs. Within the exploration of the ammonia source for the opposite, synthetically valuable ammonia addition reaction, the stability of LaAAL exhibited a positive correlation with the ammonia concentration, with the highest stability in 4 M ammonium carbamate of unadjusted pH of ~9.5. While the enzyme activity increased with rising temperatures yet, the highest operational stability and highest stationary conversions of LaAAL were observed at 30 °C. The substrate scope analysis highlighted the catalytic adaptability of LaAAL in the hydroamination of diverse cinnamic acids, especially of meta‐substituted and di‐/multi–substituted analogues, with structural modelling exposing steric clashes between the substrates’ ortho–substituents and catalytic site residues. LaAAL showed a predilection for ammonia elimination, while classifying as a tyrosine ammonia–lyase (TAL) among the natural AAL classes. However, its distinctive attributes, such as genomic context, unique substrate specificity and catalytic fingerprint, suggest a potential natural role beyond those of known AAL classes.
Comparison of long‐term outcomes of double kissing crush versus T and minimal protrusion techniques in complex bifurcation lesions: The EVOLUTE‐CRUSH II registry
Authors: Uzun Fatih , Güner Ahmet , Demirci Gökhan , Çiloğlu Koray , Uysal Hande , Çizgici Ahmet Yaşar , Bulut Ümit , Kahraman Serkan , Ağuş Hicaz Zencirkıran , Gökçe Kaan , Doğan Abdullah , Akman Cemalettin , Yalçın Ahmet Arif , Aktürk İbrahim Faruk , Köseoğlu Mehmet , Kalkan Ali Kemal , Ertürk Mehmet , Karagöz Ali , Colombo Antonio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDouble kissing (DK)‐crush and T‐stenting and small protrusion (TAP) techniques are gaining popularity, but the comparison for both techniques is still lacking. This study sought to retrospectively evaluate the long‐term outcomes of DK‐crush and TAP techniques in patients with complex bifurcation lesions.MethodsA total of 255 (male: 205 [80.3%], mean age: 59.56 ± 10.13 years) patients who underwent coronary bifurcation intervention at a single‐center between January 2014 and May 2021 were included. Angiographic features, procedure details, and in‐hospital or long‐term outcomes were assessed. The primary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF), defined as the combination of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, or clinically driven‐target lesion revascularization (TLR). The regression models were adjusted applying by the inverse probability weighted (IPW) approach to reduce treatment selection bias.ResultsThe initial management strategy was DK‐crush in 152 (59.6%) patients and TAP in 103 (40.4%) cases. The SYNTAX scores (24.58 ± 7.4 vs. 24.26 ± 6.39, p = 0.846) were similar in both groups. The number of balloon (6.32 ± 1.82 vs. 3.92 ± 1.19, p < 0.001) usage was significantly higher in the DK‐crush group than in the TAP group. The rates of TLF (11.8 vs. 22.3%, p = 0.025) and clinically driven TLR (6.6 vs. 15.5%, p = 0.020) were significantly lower in the DK‐crush group compared to the TAP group. The long‐term TLF was significantly higher in the TAP group compared to the DK‐crush group (unadjusted HR: 1.974, [95% CI: 1.044–3.732], p = 0.035 and adjusted HR [IPW]: 2.498 [95% CI: 1.232–5.061], p = 0.011).ConclusionThe present study showed that the DK‐crush technique of bifurcation treatment was associated with lower long‐term TLF and TLR rates compared to the TAP technique.
Kinetic Analysis of the Non‐Monotonic Response of Ethene Hydrogenation Rates to Ceria Surface Reduction
Authors: Afrin Sadia , Bollini Praveen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe precise effect of oxide understoichiometry on bulk oxide catalytic properties continues to remain a subject of intense investigation. Of specific interest in this regard is the role of oxygen vacancies present on bulk ceria catalysts that have recently been reported to represent a more cost‐effective alternative to the more toxic and expensive catalysts used industrially for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene. Contrasting claims as to the effect of surface reduction on hydrogenation rates exist in the open literature, with vacancy formation attributed, in separate studies, either a favorable or a deleterious role in effecting hydrogenation turnovers. We report here the non‐monotonic behavior of ethene hydrogenation rates that subsumes both of these trends as a function of degree of surface reduction over a sufficiently large range of pre‐reduction temperatures. Steady state transient kinetic and isotopic exchange data combined with in‐situ titration experiments suggest that this non‐monotonic trend can be attributed not to a change in either the kinetic relevance of specific elementary steps or the hydrogenation mechanism, but rather to site requirements that stipulate the need for two distinct, proximal sites. We also show that the sensitivity of hydrogenation rates to surface reduction can be altered by varying ceria surface termination, with the more open (110) and (100) surfaces exhibiting a less asymmetric effect of surface reduction on ethene hydrogenation rates.
Redox‐Flow Desalination with a Voltage Range Extending up to 2 V Under Dual‐pH Conditions
Authors: Kim Byeongkyu , Mule Anki Reddy , Kim Yong Seok , Gudal Chandan Chandru , Kim Na Hyeon , Ko Eunchae , Kim Seong Soo , Chung Chan‐Hwa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe battery‐like systems utilizing redox materials present a promising avenue for electrochemical desalination with reduced energy consumption. However, several attempts have focused on reducing the operational voltage to minimize energy consumption, and efforts to enhance the performance of such systems as energy storage devices remain limited. Herein, a system with a high energy density capable of sustaining freshwater production was proposed. Furthermore, in this proposed system, the electrolytes with different pH values were utilized to implement an operational voltage of 2 V or higher. Accordingly, an alkaline Zn electrolyte was paired with acidic MnO2 or VOSO4 electrolyte. During the process, potential side reactions such as chlorine evolution and proton crossover were not observed, even without water‐splitting reactions. Ultimately, at operational voltages exceeding 2 V, the system achieved a desalination rate of 0.104 mg/cm2/min and demonstrated maximum energy discharge of up to 2.4 Wh/L. These designed systems pave the way towards a more environmentally friendly and efficient approach to desalination.
Enhanced performance of solution‐processed carbon nanotube transparent electrodes in foldable perovskite solar cells through vertical separation of binders by using eco‐friendly parylene substrate
Authors: Kim Unsoo , Nam Jeong‐Seok , Yoon Jungjin , Han Jiye , Choi Mansoo , Jeon Il 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe successful utilization of an eco‐friendly and biocompatible parylene‐C substrate for high‐performance solution‐processed double‐walled carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) was demonstrated. Through the use of a novel inversion transfer technique, vertical separation of the binders from the CNTs was induced, rendering a stronger p‐doping effect and thereby a higher conductivity of the CNTs. The resulting foldable devices exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 18.11%, which is the highest reported among CNT transparent electrode‐based PSCs to date, and withstood more than 10,000 folding cycles at a radius of 0.5 mm, demonstrating unprecedented mechanical stability. Furthermore, solar modules were fabricated using entirely laser scribing processes to assess the potential of the solution‐processable nanocarbon electrode. Notably, this is the only one to be processed entirely by the laser scribing process and to be biocompatible as well as eco‐friendly among the previously reported nonindium tin oxide‐based perovskite solar modules.
Total synthesis of (6R,12R)‐6,12‐dimethylpentadecan‐2‐one, the sex pheromone of Diabrotica balteata LeConte
Authors: Wu Jianwei , Lin Chuanwen , Liu Dan , Bian Qinghua , Wang Min , Zhong Jiangchun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDiabrotica balteata LeConte is one of the most important polyphagous agricultural pests. The sex pheromone of this pest was synthesized using Evans asymmetric alkylation, ring‐opening reaction of (R)‐2‐methyloxirane, SN2 alkylation of secondary tosylate, and coupling of chiral tosylate with Grignard reagent as central strategies. The sex pheromone prepared herein would be useful to control D. balteata.
Monitoring recurrent angioedema: Findings from the Turkish angioedema control test validation study
Authors: Demir Semra , Eyice‐Karabacak Deniz , Kocatürk Emek , Ünal Derya , Toprak İlkim Deniz , Korkmaz Pelin , Aslan Ayşe Feyza , İmren Işıl Göğem , Dikicier Bahar , Kahveci Nevzat , Öztop Nida , Kara Rabia Öztaş , İşsever Halim , Maurer Marcus , Weller Karsten , Gelincik Aslı 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDetermination of control level in recurrent angioedema (RAE) is necessary to guide management. Here, we validated a Turkish version of the angioedema control test (AECT) for 4‐week (AECT‐4wk) and for 3‐month (AECT‐3mth) and assessed their utility in monitoring RAE.MethodThe recommended structured translation process for patient‐reported outcome measures was completed. The final versions were administered to 51 patients with mast cell‐mediated angioedema (MMAE) and 38 patients with hereditary angioedema, and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was determined. Additionally, anchor surveys comprising angioedema activity score for 28 days (AAS‐28 day), visual analog score for angioedema control, Likert scale for the control level from the patient's perspective (LS‐AEC), angioedema quality of life, short form‐12 (SF‐12) and patients' assessment of treatment sufficiency were applied.ResultsThe Turkish AECT versions showed good convergent validity with a substantial correlation with anchor tools and known‐group validity. Excellent internal consistency and reproducibility were observed. Equal or more than 10 of 16 points scored with the AECT‐4wk and AECT‐3mth identified patients with well‐controlled disease. The disease activity, control and burden parameters were consistent with the disease control level defined depending on the cut‐off point 10 of AECT. Three‐point changes in AECT‐4wk and ‐3 mt could detect MCID in disease control in all patients.ConclusionsTurkish AECT versions are valid and reliable tools for assessing and monitoring disease control in patients with RAE. The use of the Turkish versions of the AECT in routine patient care, clinical trials and angioedema research is recommended.
Non‐degenerate minimal submanifolds as energy concentration sets: A variational approach
Authors: De Philippis Guido , Pigati Alessandro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe prove that every non‐degenerate minimal submanifold of codimension two can be obtained as the energy concentration set of a family of critical maps for the (rescaled) Ginzburg–Landau functional. The proof is purely variational, and follows the strategy laid out by Jerrard and Sternberg, extending a recent result for geodesics by Colinet–Jerrard–Sternberg. The same proof applies also to the ‐Yang–Mills–Higgs and to the Allen–Cahn–Hilliard energies. While for the latter energies gluing methods are also effective, in general dimension our proof is by now the only available one in the Ginzburg–Landau setting, where the weaker energy concentration is the main technical difficulty.
Recent Developments in the Syntheses of C‐20‐Oxygenated ent‐Kaurane Diterpenoids
Authors: Yue Guizhou , Liu Bo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnt‐kaurane diterpenes are a large group of natural products, with more than 1,000 compounds since their discovery. Due to their excellent biological activities and complex polycyclic structures, these compounds have attracted organic synthesis chemists around the world to be devoted to achieve their total synthesis. At present, the isolated C‐20‐oxygenated ent‐kaurane diterpenes are the most abundant of these natural products, reaching more than 350 in number. However, only total syntheses of 3,20‐epoxy, 7,20‐epoxy and 19,20‐lactone ent‐kaurane diterpenes have been reported. In this review, we elaborate the synthesis of these three types of C‐20 oxygenated ent‐kaurane natural products, discuss these synthetic strategies in detail, and provide good guidance and reference for the synthesis of other C‐20 oxygenated compounds.
Enhanced Microbial Protein Production from CO2 and Air by a MoS2 Catalyzed Bioelectrochemical System
Authors: Zhang Lixia , Zeng Lizhen , Wang Jingting , Wang Haoran , Zheng Decong , Wang Xiaomei , Li Daping , Zhan Guoqiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCarbon dioxide can be relatively easily reduced to organic matter in a bioelectrochemical system (BES). However, due to insufficient reduction force from in‐situ hydrogen evolution, it is difficult for nitrogen reduction. In this study, MoS2 was firstly used as an electrocatalyst for the simultaneous reduction of CO2 and N2 to produce microbial protein (MP) in a BES. Cell dry weight (CDW) could reach 0.81±0.04 g/L after 14 d operation at −0.7 V (vs. RHE), which was 108±3 % higher than that from non‐catalyst control group (0.39±0.01 g/L). The produced protein had a better amino acid profile in the BES than that in a direct hydrogen system (DHS), particularly for proline (Pro). Besides, MoS2 promoted the growth of bacterial cell on an electrode and improved the biofilm extracellular electron transfer (EET) by microscopic observation and electrochemical characterization of MoS2 biocathode. The composition of the microbial community and the relative abundance of functional enzymes revealed that MoS2 as an electrocatalyst was beneficial for enriching Xanthobacter and enhancing CO2 and N2 reduction by electrical energy. These results demonstrated that an efficient strategy to improve MP production of BES is to use MoS2 as an electrocatalyst to shift amino acid profile and microbial community.
High Performance Organic Solar Cells Prepared with Bi‐Triangular Pyramidal Organic Phosphonium Interface Material
Authors: Cui Xinyue , Shi Yaohua , Liu Peng , Wang Xingjie , Zhou Yuanyuan , Li Miao , Yang Jien , Liu Hairui , Qin Chaochao , Qin Ruiping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNowadays, amine containing electrode interface material destroy the non‐fullerene acceptor becomes a hard nut to crack for organic solar cells. Developing water‐soluble interface material which is no chemical reaction with non‐fullerene acceptor is an important research theme. Here, we report two bi‐triangular pyramidal electronic configuration organic‐phosphonium bromides as non‐amine cathode interfacial layer for fabricating high‐efficiency stable organic solar cells. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted device structure with PBDB‐T/ITIC as active layer is up to 11.58 % which is great larger than control device PCE (9.35 %). Same device structure with PM6/Y6 as active layer, the PCE is up to 15.26 % and also is dramatically higher than the referred device PCE 14.36 %. Meanwhile, the devices show greatly improved stability by organic‐phosphonium bromide interlayer.
Homogeneous Catalyzed Direct Conversion of Furfural to Gamma‐Valerolactone
Authors: Koranchalil Sakhitha , Lobo Justo Pinheiro Danielle , Padilla Rosa , Nielsen Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHerein, we report the direct conversion of biomass‐derived furfural to γ‐valerolactone (GVL) in a one‐pot system, using the combination of Ru‐MACHO‐BH and a Brønsted acid (H3PO4). A GVL yield of 84 % is achieved under mild reaction conditions using 1 mol% of Ru‐MACHO‐BH and 3.8 M H3PO4(aq) at 100 °C for 7 hours.
Biomass‐Derived Catalytically Active Carbon Materials for the Air Electrode of Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhou Ting , Wu Xianli , Liu Shuling , Wang Ao , Liu Yanyan , Zhou Wenshu , Sun Kang , Li Shuqi , Zhou Jingjing , Li Baojun , Jiang Jianchun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGiven the growing environmental and energy problems, developing clean, renewable electrochemical energy storage devices is of great interest. Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) have broad prospects in energy storage because of their high specific capacity and environmental friendliness. The unavailability of cheap air electrode materials and effective and stable oxygen electrocatalysts to catalyze air electrodes are main barriers to large‐scale implementation of ZABs. Due to the abundant biomass resources, self‐doped heteroatoms, and unique pore structure, biomass‐derived catalytically active carbon materials (CACs) have great potential to prepare carbon‐based catalysts and porous electrodes with excellent performance for ZABs. This paper reviews the research progress of biomass‐derived CACs applied to ZABs air electrodes. Specifically, the principle of ZABs and the source and preparation method of biomass‐derived CACs are introduced. To prepare efficient biomass‐based oxygen electrocatalysts, heteroatom doping and metal modification were introduced to improve the efficiency and stability of carbon materials. Finally, the effects of electron transfer number and H2O2 yield in ORR on the performance of ZABs were evaluated. This review aims to deepen the understanding of the advantages and challenges of biomass‐derived CACs in the air electrodes of ZABs, promote more comprehensive research on biomass resources, and accelerate the commercial application of ZABs.
Detection of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in oral fluid using two point‐of‐collection testing devices following oral administration of a THC and cannabidiol containing oil
Authors: Suraev Anastasia , McCartney Danielle , Kevin Richard , Gordon Rebecca , Grunstein Ronald R. , Hoyos Camilla M. , McGregor Iain S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPoint‐of‐collection testing (POCT) devices are widely used in roadside and workplace drug testing to identify recent cannabis use by measuring the presence of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in oral fluid (OF). However, the performance of POCT devices with oral medicinal cannabis products remains poorly described. In a randomised, double‐blinded, crossover trial, adults with insomnia disorder (n = 20) received a single (2 mL) oral dose of oil containing 10 mg THC + 200 mg cannabidiol, or placebo, prior to sleep. Participants were tested with the Securetec DrugWipe® 5S (10 ng/mL THC cut‐off) and Dräger DrugTest® 5000 (25 ng/mL THC cut‐off) POCT devices at baseline (pre‐treatment) and then at 0.5, 10, and 18 h post‐treatment. An OF sample, taken at each time point, was also analysed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Large individual variability in OF THC concentrations was observed 0.5 h post‐treatment (range: 0–425 ng/mL; mean (SD) 48.7 (107.5) ng/mL). Both the Securetec DrugWipe® 5S and DrugTest® 5000 demonstrated poor sensitivity to THC at 0.5 h post‐treatment (25% and 50%, respectively). At 10 and 18 h post‐treatment, all participant OF THC concentrations were below screening cut‐offs, and all test results were negative. These findings highlight the relatively poor sensitivity of both devices in detecting recent use of an oral medicinal cannabis product. They also suggest a low probability of obtaining a positive THC result the morning after (‘one‐off’) use. Further research is required to establish the probability of obtaining a positive THC result with regular medicinal cannabis use.