bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTRACRANIAL TUMOURS: AN ANALYSIS OF 157 CONSECUTIVE CASES
Authors: GAULT E. W. , Chandy J. , Hadley G. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

One hundred and fifty‐seven consecutive intracranial tumours encountered at the Christian Medical College, Vellore, South India, have been studied and classified.
The history of the classification of the glioma group has been discussed and the relation of astrocytoma and glioblastoma in terms of age, site and sex has been analyzed. It is considered that the type of a tumour is related to its life history.
The incidence of the types of tumour in this series has been found comparable with the series of other countries.
Rupture of a dermoid cyst with subarachnoid patchy foreign body reaction is reported.
The incidence of space occupying lesions due to tuberculomata torulosis and cysticercosis is found to be high. This is related to the general incidence of such infections in India.
BILIARY SURGERY IN CHLORPROMAZINE JAUNDICE
Authors: Duhig J. T. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

A case of chlorpromazine induced jaundice is described together with the laboratory findings.
The literature relating to the etiology and pathogenesis of the condition is briefly reviewed.
Reasons are advanced for attempting to avoid surgery in these cases.
It is suggested that puncture biopsy of the liver be performed in order to obtain this end.
It is further suggested that in prolonged jaundice treatment with A.C.T.H. or cortisone be instituted.
SECTION‐CUTTING OF UN‐DECALCIFIED BONE
Authors: Mills Kingsley W. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA method of obtaining histological sections of bone which has not been decalcified is presented. The method is applicable mainly to cancellous bone but can also be used on cortical bone which is not too dense. The importance of this method in the understanding of normal structure and interpretation of pathological conditions is well recognized and a brief account of results already obtained is given, with representative photographs to illustrate these.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF ANO‐RECTAL FISTULAE
Authors: Hughes E. S. R. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. A series of 111 cases of anal fistula has been studied.2. There were 3 cases of submucous anal fistula. Each of these cases possessed a track which passed deep to smooth muscle. This muscle may be muscularis mucosae alone, but part or whole of the internal sphincter may be included.3. The majority of anal fistulae were classified as peri‐anal anal fistulae because they appeared to be the sequel of a perianal abscess. There were 81 cases; in 11 no internal opening could be found, whilst in 3 there was no external opening.4. In 24 cases, the fistula appeared to involve primarily the ischiorectal fossa and, in most, to originate in the middle line posteriorly, very close to the ano‐rectal ring. The fistulous track lay in the deep post‐anal space and usually involved one or both ischiorectal fossae. An external opening was absent in two patients. Secondary tracks may lie in the peri‐anal space and, in two, secondary tracks passed through the iliococcygeus portion of the levator ani muscle.5. In 3 cases the fistula coursed from an external opening in the skin to an internal opening in the rectum. The pathology of these was uncertain, but they did not appear to be a sequel of ischiorectal infection.6. It is believed that the term “ano‐rectal fistula” should not be applied to any one type of fistula, but should be used in the widest sense of the term to include all fistulae in the region. Classification should be revised to incorporate modern views on the anatomy of the region.
SOLITARY DIVERTICULUM OF THE CAECUM A REPORT OF THREE CASES
Authors: Johnson Neil 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. Three cases of diverticulitis of the caecum have been reported.2. A brief survey of the literature has been given.3. It is pointed out that, provided the condition is thought of, a high percentage of correct diagnoses should be made in those cases where the diverticulum is in the peri‐tonealized area of the caecum.4. A common diagnostic error is that of regarding the lesion as a carcinoma. This will occur particularly when the lesion is situated on the posterior aspect of the caecum or ascending colon.5. A simple excision of the diverticulum is the treatment of choice.
PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTION OF THE BLADDER NECK AND PROSTATECTOMY AN OPERATION SUITABLE FOR ALL TYPES OF NON‐MALIGNANT BLADDER NECK OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Bonnin N. J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe mode of healing of the post‐operative prostatic cavity and of the bladder neck have been considered. It is noted that the “false capsule of the prostate behaves as if itwere an abraded mucosa.
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED TUMOURS OF THE INTESTINE
Authors: King E. S. J. , Varasdi G. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryCarcinoma of the bowel can be produced readily in rats using an aromatic amine. A study was made of a group of examples which developed following subcutaneous administration of 3:2‘‐Dimethyl‐4‐aminodi‐phenyl and 3: 3’‐Dimethyl‐4‐aminodiphenyl. The tumours occurred particularly in the colon though some arose in the small intestine and one in the stomach. Diffuse hyperplasia of the mucosa occurred commonly and multiple growths were found on several occasions. Complications such as obstruction, early ulceration (with haemorrhage) and intussusception occurred. The staining characteristics of the tumours with fluorescein globulin corresponded with those of other malignant neoplasms. Areas of “loss of staining,” indicating a “precancerous” development, were common.
COMPLICATED ANAL FISTULAE*
Authors: Wilson Edward 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe management of cases of complicated anal fistulae is discussed in detail.It is concluded that there should be no further trouble from a fistula after operation, and that in no case should rectal incontinence develop as a result of the operation.These conclusions are based on a personal series of 164 cases of anal fistulae, both complicated and uncomplicated.
POST‐OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
Authors: Wyllie G. G. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

The greatest number of deaths in the series followed operations on newborn babies.
The common causes of fatal complications in the neonatal group were delay in treatment, respiratory depression, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, infection and defective intestinal anastomosis. Measures which may prevent these complications have been reviewed.
Deaths of older infants and children most commonly followed intussusception, appendicitis and post‐operative intestinal obstruction.
BICEPS CINEPLASTY FOR FOREARM AMPUTEES
Authors: HUESTON J. T. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe present trends in the application of the cineplasty principle are outlined indicating the current use of a muscle motor in the next proximal segment of the arm.In forearm amputees the biceps cineplasty is found to give more precise control and an increased sphere of activity to the terminal prosthesis.The elimination of the shoulder harness allows greater comfort and, in a bilateral amputee, complete independence of each limb.The technique and management of biceps cineplasty is outlined. However the important factors in securing a useful cineplasty lie not in the surgery but in(a) selection of an intelligent, co‐operative patient.(b) a thorough programme of pre‐ and post‐operative physiotherapy(c) a light and comfortable prosthesis, and(d) full rehabilitation until a normal life and occupation are resumed.
PILONIDAL SINUS OF THE AXILLA
Authors: KING E. S. J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA typical pilonidal sinus occurring in the axilla is described. It contained hair and there was, at its apex, a characteristic talc granuloma.Not only ‐ did the position of this sinus support the general view of the acquired nature of these sinuses but the granuloma indicated that the contained material did in fact enter the region (and the sinus) from the exterior.
THE EFFECT OF CORTISONE ON NORMAL AND FRACTURED BONE IN THE RAT
Authors: Storey E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryCortisone treated rats develop dense metaphyseal bone and, during the healing of frac‐tures, dense callus. At endochondral growth sites there is delay in maturation of chondrocytes and decreased extracellular Alcian blue‐staining mucopolysaccharide. Resorption ofcartilage is decreased so that more remains encased by bone in the metaphysis where trabeculae in their turn are not remodelled to form the diaphysis. In contrast to epiphyseal cartilage early callus growth is not greatly inhibited, but similar changes occur during remodelling. The result is a dense callus consisting of bone in various stages of maturation, prolonged retention of cartilage and failure of bony union. Thus in contrast to rabbits, where increased resorption is associated with osteoporosis, rats develop dense bone due partly to decreased resorption.
CAROTICO‐CAVERNOUS FISTULA WITH CONTRALATERAL SIGNS
Authors: Jamieson K. G. , Sutherland J. M. , Yelland J. D. N. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of carotid‐cavernous sinus fistula with ocular symptoms on the contralateral side is reported.Carotid ligation resulted in heniiplegia one and a half hours after ligation. This was relieved when the ligature was removed. Subsequently slow occlusion of the internal carotid by a clamp was carried out successfully.The importance of anoxic cerebral infarction as a sequel to internal carotid occlusion is discussed.
THE AETIOLOGY, COURSE AND SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PANCREATITIS: A REVIEW OF 108 CASES
Authors: Boyer J. T. , Mackay I. R. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. A consecutive series of 10s cases of pancreatitis comprised 29 patients who had a single acute attack, 73 who developed chronic relapsing pancreatitis, and 6 who presentedwith chronic “silent pancreatitis.2. Gall‐stones in 46 patients and alcoholism in 24 patients were common associated conditions. Trauma, vascular disease and viral infection were true aetiological factors in some cases.3. Laboratory studies disclosed jaundice in 29 cases, hyperlipaemia in 24 cases, disturbed glucose tolerance in 27 cases and an abnormal secretin test in 14 cases.4. Surgical biopsies in relapsing pancreatitis showed a wide variety of histological appearances.5. Ten deaths resulted from pancreatitis. Frank diabetes occurred in 16 patients and was directly related to the frequency of attacks of pancreatitis. Pancreatic insufficiency with steatorrhoea was rare except in chronic insidious pancreatitis.6. In relapsing pancreatitis, remissions of two or more years eventually occurred in 44 per cent. of all cases, and in 36 per cent. of those who were not treated surgically. It is suggested that results of surgical treatment in pancreatitis be evaluated in terms of the expected cure rate in patients not receiving surgery.
MICRODISSECTION OF SPECIMEN OF HYDRONEPHROSIS WITH COMPARATIVE NEPHRON MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Bialestock Dora 
Published: January 2008

Summary

In a baby, P.D., aged one month who died in renal failure, microdissection of the nephrons in the single large abnormal hydronephrotic kidney, associated with definite organic ureteral stricture in the upper ureter, revealed an extraordinary variation in structure from hypoplastic nephrons or parts thereof to the immensely hyperplastic units. These structures and their measurements are compared with those of a normal kidney and a kidney showing moderate hydronephrosis of unknown origin.
Greatest enlargement was in length and diameter of the convoluted tubules and in the diameter of the largest collecting tubules.
A gradation between almost normal elements to the grossly hypertropic nephrons, which made up the majority of the nephron population, was seen.
Localized abnormalities, scattered sporadically in a bizarre fashion along the length of a tubule were frequently seen.
Not only were there nephrons of grossly abnormal size, but also nephrons with gross abnormalities of structure. Gradations between these abnormal nephrons and isolated cystic bodies of glomerular, but also of possible tubular origin, were common.
Extensive infection in the peritubular connective tissues, without necessarily involving the continuity of tubules passing through such granulation tissues, was the usual finding.
Gast material was frequently seen within tubular lumens, more clearly in collecting tubules. These casts did not appear in any instance to block tubules completely. No collapse below nor dilatation above the site of the material was seen.
Quantitative nephron dimensions from three babes aged one month illustrate the enormous variation that can occur even at this young age.
The existence of extraglomerular blood vessels to tubules in this abnormal kidney was demonstrated.
HEALING OF END‐IN‐END ANASTOMOSES
Authors: Cuthbertson A. M. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

An account is given of the series of changes observed in the healing of an end‐in‐end anastomosis constructed in the rates ileum.
It was found that mucosal continuity was re‐established mainly by the contraction of newly formed granulation tissue on the peritoneal surface of the intussuscepted bowel.
Some aspects of stricture formation are discussed.
INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE IN DISORDERS OF BLOOD COAGULATION
Authors: Simpson D. A. , Robson H. N. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

The chief disorders of blood coagulation are discussed as predisposing or complicating factors in intracranial haemorrhage.
Six cases of intracranial haemorrhage associated with various coagulation defects (haemophilia, hypoprothrombinaemia, and platelet deficiencies) are presented. Their management is discussed.
If the coagulation defect can be corrected or controlled, there is a reasonable possibility that surgical evacuation may be successful, especially when the haema‐toma is superficially situated.
COMBINED COMMON BILE DUCT AND PANCREATIC DUCT INJURY OCCURRING DURING GASTRECTOMY SUCCESSFUL REPAIR
Authors: Hughes E. S. R. , Syme Graham A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case is reported in which during the course of emergency surgery for a bleeding anastomotic ulcer following a Billroth I gastrectomy (performed for duodenal ulcer), the lower ends of the bile and pancreatic ducts were severed. Repair was achieved by anastomosing the cut ends of the two ducts together, and the side of the common duct to the side of the duodenum. The convalescence. was good and two and a quarter years later the patient is in excellent health.
OSTEOSIS CUTIS
Authors: Marshall Vernon 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of heterotopic bone formation in the scalp of a 39 year old woman is presented, with the relevant radiological and pathological findings.A review of the previous literature is given and the lesion is discussed with reference to other examples of heterotopic ossification.Factors such as trauma, ischaemia and inflammation are seen to be important predisposing factors in the formation of bone at abnormal sites.A group of cases exists in which bone formation in the skin occurs without apparent cause. These can be grouped together under the descriptive term of osteosis cutis. They do not act as true neoplasms, some are hamartomas, the remainder are due to localized or diffuse metaplasia of connective tissue due to unknown stimuli.
TRANSDUODENAL AMPULLAPLASTY IN THE SURGERY OF THE COMMON BILE DUCT
Authors: Marshall R. D. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryPrimary exploration of the common bile duct from below, with ampullaplasty, is suggested as an alternative to choledochotomy. Orthodox surgical treatment gives rise to recurrent stone in the common duct and the post‐cholecystectomy syndrome too frequently. Transduodenal ampullaplasty helps to prevent these complications, and the technique, and advantages of the operation are discussed, with presentation of a series of cases extending over five years.
MEDULLOBLASTOMA WITH ONSET IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: Fine Ronald D. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryNeonatal intracranial tumours are rare, nevertheless their presence should be suspected in cases of infantile hydrocephalus presenting in an atypical manner. Clinical features which will help to differentiate the 2 conditions are persistent vomiting, the finding of cranial nerve palsies and a raised protein content in the ventricular fluid. Early recognition of such cases may lead to considerable benefit from radiotherapy.
ACROPARAESTHESIA AND THE “CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME”
Authors: Opit L. J. , Rieger R. A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryForty‐two patients were reviewed 2 to 6 years after being subjected to retinaculotomy following a diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.A relapse rate of 21 per cent, was found, a further 10 per cent, having developed other symptoms as a result of operation. The majority of recurrences occurred about two years post‐operatively.Retrospective examination failed to reveal a clear‐cut compressive syndrome in the successful cases.Three patients had evidence strongly suggesting rheumatoid arthritis as a concomitant disease and a further 12 were classified as possibly having rheumatoid arthritis.Vascular symptoms occurred frequently, especially in the cases thought to have rheumatoid arthritis.The aetiology of acroparesthesia is discussed and the suggestion made that a systemic disease is a common cause for this symptom.No satisfactory method of selecting cases for operation is apparent, although immediate post‐operative relief guarantees a successful outcome.
A CASE OF FULMINATING AMOEBIASIS
Authors: Bhathal P. S. , Brown P. B. , Essex W. B. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

A fatal case of fulminating amoebiasis which was erroneously diagnosed and treated as ulcerative colitis until too late is described.
The importance of being aware of the fact that amoebic dysentery is endemic in Australia is stressed. It follows then that in all cases presenting as ulcerative colitis, examination of warm stools for Enta‐noebae histolyticae should be performed.
It is sometimes possible to make a diagnosis of amoebic colitis from histological examination of a rectal or sigmoid biopsy. Entamoebae should be looked for not only in the bowel mucosa or submucosa but also, in any surface exudate that may be present.
The course of this man's illness was extremely short and was complicated by thrombocytopaenia, profuse haemorrhage from the colon and the development of hepatic abscess, miliary pulmonary abscesses and multiple brain abscesses.
A VENOUS LINE FLOWMETER FOR USE WITH AN EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION
Authors: Currie Trevor T. , Cass Noel M. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA flowmeter suitable for use in the venous line of an extracorporeal circuit is described. The apparatus can measure systemic venous and cardiotoniy return, either together or separately. The calibration of the flowmeter is unaffected by temperature or by viscosity change.
TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE DIAPHRAGM IN CHILDREN
Authors: Myers N. A. 
Published: January 2008

Summary(1)Two cases of traumatic rupture of the diaphragm are presented.(2)Attention is drawn to the rarity of this condition in children.(3)The condition has three major clinical phases and failure to appreciate the significance of, or actually remember, a traumatic incident may lead to diagnostic delay and death.
THE CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PROLONGED SOLAR EXPOSURE: I.‐THE ASSOCIATION WITH AGEING OF THE SKIN
Authors: Marshall Donald R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA histological study of the skin of 50 patients is presented comparing the findings in exposed and unexposed regions and relating the changes seen to age and exposure.The unexposed skin does not alter significantly in structure with age. The different appearance of the aged skin in unexposed areas is due to alterations in physical properties for which there is no matching alteration in morphology.The exposed skin shows changes predominantly in the dermis. These are described as “basophilic degeneration of collagen or “elastotic degeneration of collagen, which are synonymous with “senile elastosis.It is suggested that “collagen degeneration is a more suitable term than elastosis.It is found that the changes occur only on exposed regions and should be termed “solar degeneration as they are not primarily due to age.The factors influencing the development of solar collagen degeneration are as follows:(a) The fair skinned lightly pigmented patient is most susceptible and despite prolonged exposure does not develop satisfactory protective pigmentation. Heavily pigmented skin is protected as evidenced by the lack of collagen degeneration in dark skinned people and particularly in the aboriginal.(b) The degree of collagen degeneration corresponds well with the degree of exposure.(c) As age increases the degree of collagen degeneration is greater. However, this is proportional to the amount of exposure rather than to the age.(d) Sex: Men are affected more than women but this is related to increased exposure rather than to a variable susceptibility.The changes seen microscopically correlate well with the macroscopic appearance of the skin and explain the difference between the exposed and covered areas.These changes are responsible for the prematurely aged appearance of people exposed to the elements who are not heavily pigmented.A warning note is sounded in relationship to the ill effects of over exposure to the sun in fair skinned people. The price that sunlovers must pay is at least a prematurely aged appearance. The possible relationship between solar collagen degeneration and skin cancer will be discussed subsequently. Prevention of solar collagen degeneration by limitation of exposure in susceptible individuals is advised.
ANAL METASTASES FROM CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM AND COLON
Authors: Killingback Mark , Wilson Edward , Hughes E. S. R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFour cases of carcinoma of the sigmoid colon and rectum are described in each of which a metastasis was present in the anal region. It is concluded that in at least three of these cases the metastasis was due to surface implantation of fragments of the tumour. The diagnosis and the choice of operation in these cases is discussed.
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: Essex W. B. , Rigg B. M. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA 46‐year‐old woman had a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the hreast excised. This tumour was not attached to skin, there was no associated adenocarcinorna, and it had metastasized to axillary nodes as squamous cell carcinoma.She remains well seven and one‐half years following operation.This is thought to be an authentic example of a rare neoplasm. Despite the rarity of the cmndition its existence should be remembered in the differential diagnosis of a lump in the breast.