bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the powder reaction moulding process
Authors: Zhao Lei , Collins Maurice N. , Birkinshaw Colin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The powder reaction moulding process uses a reactive monomer as carrier and binder for the moulding of metal or ceramic powders. De‐binding is achieved using thermal depolymerisation which is followed by sintering to give the finished component. Binder can be recovered for re‐use.RESULTS: Moulding compounds, with various powder volume fractions, have been prepared using stainless steel, silicon nitride and alumina with n‐butyl cyanoacrylate as binder, and the stability of the compounds established. Rheological properties of the compounds have been measured using both pressure flow and drag flow methods. Compounds are strongly pseudoplastic. Comparison of experimental results with theoretical models, describing suspension flow behaviour shows that experimental maximum volume fractions are close to the theoretical volume fraction of 0.42 for silicon nitride, 0.68 for alumina and 0.7 for stainless steel. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry have been used to simulate de‐binding and show a rapid loss of binder through depolymerisation. Post‐sintering porosity of the ceramic materials is high but this is thought to arise from the low pressure moulding techniques used. Porosity of the stainless steel mouldings is much lower.CONCLUSIONS: The results validate the powder reaction moulding idea and demonstrate applicability to three widely different powder materials. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Time Warner Cable Kansas City looks beyond the usual suspects for ways to retain and engage customer‐facing employees
Authors: Vega Wendy 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWhen too many new hires are leaving after just a few months on the job, despite effective recruitment and on‐boarding programs, it is time to look for answers in new places. This company set out to strengthen the relationship between frontline supervisors and their new—mostly Generation Y—customer care specialists, and found it's never too early to start building engagement. Keys to early development of a strong supervisor‐employee bond include beginning relationship building during the hiring interview; supervisor participation in new‐hire training; learning the individual's personal drivers of engagement; 30‐/60‐/90‐day assessments with coaching and mentoring; and exposing the new hire to positive high‐performing peers (while buffering them from negative influencers). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How socially responsible engagement can change your business model: The radical experience of Armor Lux
Authors: Vial Virginie 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDespite a growing consensus on corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues relevant to companies, there is no one‐size‐fits‐all way to structure and organize CSR. The lack of clarity and transparency in the structure leads stakeholders, rightly or wrongly, to accuse companies of “greenwashing strategies.'' The author analyzes the case of a small French textile company that has radically turned its business model toward CSR in order to survive. It provides a good example of real social engagement and how it transforms the business model. It also raises the question of whether sustainable development issues, scarcity of resources, and deindustrialization of developed countries will move other manufacturers to consider services and intangible assets as part of their business model. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Designing merger agreements to ease merger integration
Authors: Schmidt Sascha L. , Urlichs Robert , Richter Ansgar 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMany mergers fail as a result of difficulties in the integration phase. Such problems can arise when the corporate strategy concept of the merged firm does not build in a meaningful way on the actual corporate strategies of the predecessor organizations. Primarily addressed to practitioners, this article introduces the framework of a “merger scan” that enables executives negotiating a deal to analyze whether alternative versions of the new corporate strategy strike an optimal balance between the desire for continuity and the need for strategic renewal. Applying this framework helps executives allocate sufficient time and attention to those integration aspects that involve breaking with the directions of the predecessor firms and thus require change. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Japan—new business opportunities in an established market
Authors: Haghirian Parissa , Sinkovics Rudolf R. , Bamiatzi Vicky 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe recession during the last decade hit Japan's image as an economic powerhouse hard. It added a layer of skepticism to the already existing difficulties in coping with tariff and nontariff entry barriers as well as cultural and business differences. However, even against the background of strong economic transformations in countries such as India and especially China and a strong enthusiasm for dealing with these upcoming economies, it should not be forgotten that Japan is still the world's second‐largest economy in terms of gross domestic product. Japan offers an array of business opportunities for foreign investors. As employment and other traditions are under pressure from a young generation more in tune with Western culture and ideas, the Japanese triad market allows for a promising future. This article aims to inform managers who wish to extend their market reach of the tremendous opportunities in the Japanese market. We unveil cultural particulars and challenges for foreign businesses that allow for a refreshed look into the economic miracle of the second half of the twentieth century. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mass spectrometry in the characterization of human genetic N‐glycosylation defects
Authors: Barone Rita , Sturiale Luisa , Garozzo Domenico 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHuman genetic diseases that affect N‐glycosylation result from the defective synthesis of the N‐linked sugar moiety (glycan) of glycoproteins. The role of glycans for proper protein folding and biological functions is illustrated in the variety and severity of clinical manifestations shared by congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). This family of inherited metabolic disorders includes defects in the assembly of the oligosaccharide precursor that lead to an under‐occupancy of N‐glycosylation sites (CDG‐I), and defects of glycan remodeling (CDG‐II). Mass spectrometry constitutes a key tool for characterization of CDG‐I defects by mass resolution of native protein glycoforms that differ for glycosylation‐site occupancy. Glycan MS analyses in CDG‐II is mandatory to detect whenever possible a repertoire of structures to pinpoint candidate enzymes and genes responsible for the abnormal N‐glycan synthesis. In this manuscript, we review the MS applications in the area of CDG and related disorders with a special emphasis on those techniques that have been already applied or might become functional for diagnosis, characterization, and treatment monitoring in some specific conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 28:517–542, 2009
Muscle sparing‐2 transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction: A comparison with deep inferior epigastric perforator flap
Authors: Takeishi Meisei , Fujimoto Masashi , Ishida Katuhiro , Makino Yojiro 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBreast reconstruction using free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap can be divided into 4 muscle‐sparing (MS) types: conventional TRAM flap containing full width muscle as MS‐0, while deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap containing absolutely no muscle as MS‐3. We include only the muscle portion between the medial row and lateral row perforator vessels in TRAM flap, which is designated as MS‐2. Between October 1999 and April 2006, the same surgeon performed 82 breast constructions using MS‐2 free TRAM flaps in 79 patients. All the flaps survived. Postoperative complications included partial fat necrosis in 8 cases, all corresponding to zone IV or zone II. Bulging of donor site occurred in 5 patients, 4 of whom were obese and 1 had bilateral flap harvest. Compared with our own reconstructions using DIEP flap (30 cases), there were no significant differences in operative time and blood loss between the two techniques. In conclusion, MS‐2 free TRAM flap is a useful technique for breast construction considering the easy surgical techniques, length of the vascular pedicle that can be harvested, and the degree of freedom of the flap. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Index finger salvage with replantation and revascularization: Revisiting conventional wisdom
Authors: Buntic Rudolf F. , Brooks Darrell , Buncke Gregory M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractReplantation/revascularization of severely injured single digits is controversial, especially at the index position. Conventional wisdom is that these digits if salvaged will ultimately worsen residual hand function and they should be amputated. Twenty‐eight cases of such index salvages were reviewed to test this hypothesis. Five cases involved children and were excluded. Twenty‐three replants/revascularizations survived (100%). Total active motion was 170° in zone 1, and 133° for zone 2 injuries. Patient satisfaction was high in all cases. In selected cases, salvage of severely injured and amputated index fingers has the potential for satisfying survival and functional results and dogmatic treatment with completion amputation should be avoided. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Use of circular external fixation to maintain foot position during free tissue transfer to the foot and ankle
Authors: Lowenberg David W. , Sadeghi Cameron , Brooks Darrell , Buncke Gregory M. , Buntic Rudolf F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLimb salvage techniques of traumatized extremities using free‐tissue transfer and microsurgical techniques have become standard reconstructive methods. To our knowledge there is no published data on the incidence or likelihood of equinus following free tissue transfer about the ankle, although in our experience we have perceived an unacceptable incidence of equinus following free tissue transfers about the ankle and therefore initiated prophylactic ring fixation across the ankle. Fourteen patients were placed in circular external fixation spanning the ankle at the time of free tissue transfer for a mean of 12 weeks (Median 7 weeks, Range 6–28 weeks). The results were evaluated using the degree of active ankle dorsiflexion and return to independent ambulation. Six patients had excellent results with active ankle dorsiflexion beyond neutral, and four patients had good results with neutral ankle alignment that did not require further intervention. All patients saved their limb and returned to independent ambulation. When performing free tissue transfer about the ankle, temporary spanning with a circular fixator is effective in preventing equinus deformity and provides a stable mechanical construct protecting the flap. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Management of exposed total knee prostheses with microvascular tissue transfer
Authors: Cetrulo Curtis L. , Shiba Travis , Friel Michael T. , Davis Brian , Buntic Rudolph F. , Buncke Gregory M. , Brooks Darrell 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIntroduction: Exposure of a knee endoprosthesis represents a limb‐threatening condition, requiring long‐term antibiosis, irrigation, and serial debridement to avoid knee arthrodesis or amputation. Although traditional orthopedic surgical doctrine mandates removal of exposed hardware under a dehisced wound, salvage of exposed prostheses using local muscle flap coverage has been reported. However, the complex three‐dimensional geometry of the soft tissue surrounding the knee as well as the requirement for sustained local tissue levels of antibiotics to re‐sterilize the hardware suggest that microvascular tissue transfer may constitute an advantageous means of wound coverage, increasing both limb and prosthesis salvage rates. We report our experience with free tissue transfer reconstruction of these complex wounds. Methods: We treated 11 complex wounds with exposed total knee arthroplasty prostheses with free tissue transfer. Three of 11 patients had failed previous local muscular rotation flap coverage. Five latissimus dorsi muscle flaps and 6 rectus abdominis muscle flaps were used in our series. Wounds were closed after aggressive surgical debridement, antibiotic irrigation, and intravenous antibiosis. Results: Eleven of 11 free flaps were successful (100%), and we achieved limb salvage in 11/11 limbs (100%) and prosthesis salvage in 10/11 knees (91%), with one prosthesis removed at an outside facility followed by knee arthrodesis. Conclusion: The advantages of microvascular tissue transfer are well suited to the treatment of exposed knee endoprostheses. The reliable rectus and latissimus flaps provide robust local perfusion to the wound, fill complex three‐dimensional contour defects around knee implants, and lead to a high rate of salvage of both limbs and prostheses. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
A20 deletion is associated with copy number gain at the TNFA/B/C locus and occurs preferentially in translocation‐negative MALT lymphoma of the ocular adnexa and salivary glands
Authors: Chanudet E , Ye H , Ferry J , Bacon CM , Adam P , Müller‐Hermelink HK , Radford J , Pileri SA , Ichimura K , Collins VP , Hamoudi RA , Nicholson AG , Wotherspoon AC , Isaacson PG , Du MQ 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe genetic basis of MALT lymphoma is largely unknown. Characteristic chromosomal translocations are frequently associated with gastric and pulmonary cases, but are rare at other sites. We compared the genetic profiles of 33 ocular adnexal and 25 pulmonary MALT lymphomas by 1 Mb array–comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and revealed recurrent 6q23 losses and 6p21.2–6p22.1 gains exclusive to ocular cases. High‐resolution chromosome 6 tile‐path array–CGH identified NF‐κB inhibitor A20 as the target of 6q23.3 deletion and TNFA/B/C locus as a putative target of 6p21.2–22.1 gain. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that A20 deletion occurred in MALT lymphoma of the ocular adnexa (8/42 = 19%), salivary gland (2/24 = 8%), thyroid (1/9 = 11%) and liver (1/2), but not in the lung (26), stomach (45) and skin (13). Homozygous deletion was observed in three cases. A20 deletion and TNFA/B/C gain were significantly associated (p < 0.001) and exclusively found in cases without characteristic translocation. In ocular cases, A20 deletion was associated with concurrent involvement of different adnexal tissues or extraocular sites at diagnosis (p = 0.007), a higher proportion of relapse (67% versus 37%) and a shorter relapse‐free survival (p = 0.033). A20 deletion and gain at TNFA/B/C locus may thus play an important role in the development of translocation‐negative MALT lymphoma. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of short‐ and long‐term play therapy services on teacher–child relationship stress
Authors: Ray Dee C. , Henson Robin K. , Schottelkorb April A. , Brown April Garofano , Muro Joel 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to explore the effect of both short‐ and long term Child‐Centered Play Therapy on teacher–student relationship stress. Teachers identified 58 students exhibiting emotional and behavioral difficulties who were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Students in the short‐term intensive play therapy group participated in 16 sessions of play therapy over 8 weeks, and students in the long‐term play therapy group participated in 16 sessions over 16 weeks. Results indicated that both intervention groups demonstrated significant improvement in teacher–student relationship stress from pre‐ to posttest. Post hoc analyses indicated that the short‐term intensive intervention demonstrated statistical significance and larger effect sizes in overall total stress, teacher characteristics, and student characteristics. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design, synthesis, and characterization of a combined main‐chain/side‐chain liquid crystalline polymer based on mesogen‐jacketed liquid crystal polymer via atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Xie Helou , Hu Tianhui , Zhang Xuefei , Zhang Hailaing , Chen Erqiang , Zhou Qifeng 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA novel combined main‐chain/side‐chain liquid crystalline polymer based on mesogen‐jacketed liquid crystal polymers (MJLCPs) containing two biphenyls per mesogenic core of MJLCPs main chain, poly(2,5‐bis{[6‐(4‐butoxy‐4′‐oxy‐biphenyl)hexyl]oxycarbonyl}styrene) (P1–P8) was successfully synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The chemical structure of the monomer was confirmed by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The molecular characterizations of the polymer with different molecular weights (P1–P8) were performed with 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Their phase transitions and liquid‐crystalline behaviors of the polymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscope (POM). We found that the polymers P1–P8 exhibited similar behavior with three different liquid crystalline phases upon heating to or cooling in addition to isotropic state, which should be related to the complex liquid crystal property of the side‐chain and the main‐chain. Moreover, the transition temperatures of liquid crystalline phases of P1–P8 are found to be dependent on the molecular weight. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7310–7320, 2008
Influence of adjusted hydrophilic–hydrophobic lengths in sulfonated multiblock copoly(ether sulfone) membranes for fuel cell application
Authors: Nakabayashi Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Kazuya , Higashihara Tomoya , Ueda Mitsuru 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSulfonated multiblock copoly(ether sulfone)s applicable to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) were synthesized by the coupling reaction of the hydroxyl‐terminated hydrophilic and hydrophobic oligomers with different lengths in the presence of highly reactive decafluorobiphenyl (DFB) as a chain extender to investigate the influence of each length on the membranes' properties, such as water uptake, proton conductivity, and morphology. Multiblock copolymers with high molecular weights (Mn > 50,000, Mw > 150,000) were obtained under mild reaction conditions. The resulting membranes demonstrated good oxidative stability for hot Fenton's reagent and maintained high water uptake (7.3–18.7 wt %) under a low relative humidity (50% RH). Proton conductivity of all membranes at 80 °C and 95% RH was higher than that of Nafion 117 membrane, and good proton conductivity of 7.0 × 10−3 S/cm was obtained at 80 °C and 50% RH by optimizing the oligomer lengths. The surface morphology of the membranes was investigated by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed that the multiblock copolymer membranes had a clearer surface hydrophilic/hydrophobic‐separated structure than that of the random copolymer, and contributed to good and effective proton conduction. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7332–7341, 2008
Thiophene–phenylene/naphthalene‐based step‐ladder copolymers
Authors: Bünnagel Torsten W. , Nehls Benjamin S. , Galbrecht Frank , Schottler Kristina , Kudla Christof J. , Volk Markus , Pina João , de Melo João S. Seixas , Burrows Hugh D. , SCherf Ullrich 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA series of step‐ladder copolymers based on thiophene–phenylene–thiophene SL1‐SL3 and thiophene–naphthylene–thiophene SL4 repeat units with varying lengths of the oligothiophene segment has been designed and synthesized via a microwave‐assisted Stille‐type cross‐coupling reaction followed by a polymer‐analogous cyclization reaction. The optical properties of the step‐ladder copolymers have been investigated in detail, in particular at low temperature and in the solid‐state. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7342–7353, 2008
Novel thermally stable triarylamine‐containing aromatic polyamides bearing anthrylamine chromophores for highly efficient green‐light‐emitting materials
Authors: Yen Hung‐ju , Liou Guey‐Sheng 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA series of novel polyamides with pendent anthrylamine units were prepared via the direct phosphorylation polycondensation from various diamines and the anthrylamine‐based aromatic dicarboxylic acid, 9‐[N,N‐di(4‐carboxyphenyl)amino]anthracene (4). The aromatic polyamides had useful levels of thermal stability associated with relatively high softening temperatures (Ts) (290–300 °C), 10% weight‐loss temperatures (Td10) nearly in excess of 550 °C, and char yields at 800 °C in nitrogen higher than 60%. These aromatic polyamides I exhibited highly photoluminescence quantum yield in NMP solution ranges from 55% for Ia to 74% for Ie due to the introduction of anthrylamine chromophores. Cyclic voltammograms of the polyamide films cast onto an indium‐tin oxide (ITO)‐coated glass substrate exhibited one oxidation and reduction couples (Eonset) around 1.10 and −1.50 V versus Ag/AgCl in acetonitrile (CH3CN) and DMF solutions, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7354–7368, 2008
Polymerization of methyl acrylate mediated by copper(0)/Me6‐TREN in hydrophobic media enhanced by phenols; Single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization
Authors: Wright Peter M. , Mantovani Giuseppe , Haddleton David M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPhenol has been used as an additive to enhance the rate of SET‐LRP in toluene at ambient temperature. A direct relationship between reaction time and amount of phenol added has been found with the optimum amount being ∼ 20 equiv. of phenol with respect to initiator. Polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) has been carried out in the presence of varying amounts of phenol and the rate of polymerization depends on the concentration of phenol relative to initiator. With a 20‐fold excess 93% conversion is observed after 218 min (PDI = 1.06, Mn = 11,500 g mol−1) when compared with 80% conversion with a 5‐fold excess (PDI = 1.21, Mn = 5310 g mol−1). When nonsterically hindered phenols are employed in a 20 molar excess with respect to the initiator the polymerizations have good linear first‐order kinetics and give polymers with PDI between 1.06 and 1.16. When a highly hindered phenol is employed there is a significant induction period prior to polymerization taking place which is similar to when using no phenol. Less hindered phenols accelerated the polymerization when compared with polymerizations with no added phenol. Increasing steric hindrance at the OH prevents this coordination which indicates that the role of phenol is different with either copper(0) or copper(I). Aliphatic and aromatic esters and amides were used successfully as initiators giving polymers with Mn close to that predicted at ∼ 10,000 g mol−1 and PDI typically less than 1.10. An induction period is observed in most cases which can be removed by a pre‐equilibrium step before the addition of monomer. This results in excellent first‐order kinetics being observed in the polymerization of MA in toluene solution (50 vol %). Here Cu(0) (powder)/Me6‐TREN with 20 equiv. of phenol and all of the reactants, except the monomer, were added to the reaction flask and stirred for 45 min at 25 °C. The structure of the polymer is shown by MALDI TOF MS to contain bromide chain ends derived from the alkyl bromide initiator. The retention of this end group is consistent with living radical polymerization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7376–7385, 2008