bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the 13C‐urea breath test for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection based on the kinetics of Δ‐13CO2 using laser spectroscopy
Authors: TANAHASHI TOSHIHITO , KODAMA TADASHI , YAMAOKA YOSHIO , SAWAI NAOKI , TATSUMI YOSHIHIDE , KASHIMA KEI , HIGASHI YOJI , SASAKI YASUHITO 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe have previously reported on laser spectroscopy as a simple alternative to mass spectrometry. To validate a simplified 13C‐urea breath test (UBT) with laser spectroscopy for the detection of Helicobacter pylori in clinical use, we evaluated the optimal time of breath sample collection. The 13C‐UBT was carried out on each of 102 infected and 70 non‐infected subjects (32 without eradication and 38 after eradication therapy). Breath samples were taken at five time points within 60 min followed by 100 mg of 13C‐urea administration. The ratio of 13CO2 to 12CO2 was measured using laser spectroscopy and the recovery of tracer in the exhaled breath was calculated. Results were compared with histological and culture examinations of gastric biopsies to establish the infection status. For statistical evaluation of 13C‐UBT, the optimal timing of breath sample collection was examined on the basis of the kinetics of Δ‐13CO2. In 32 H. pylori‐negative patients (without therapy), the mean ± 2SD of Δ‐13CO2 was at its minimum 20 min after urea ingestion whereas in H. pylori‐positive patients, the mean ± SD Δ‐13CO2 was maximum at 20 min. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the cut‐off value was estimated between 2.5–3.0 per mil (‰) at 20 min before therapy. Based on the histology and culture results, the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were 98.0%, 100%, 100% and 94.1%, respectively. In conclusion, 13C‐UBT with laser spectroscopy is a non‐invasive, simple, sensitive and specific test to determine H. pylori status. Our findings suggest that in clinical use, measurements made at 20 min after substrate administration could be recommended for most sensitive and specific 13C‐UBT results.
Efficacy of hypothermic perfusion using University of Wisconsin solution in extended hepatectomy with hepatic inflow occlusion in a canine model
Authors: OHYA TOSHIHIRO , OHWADA SUSUMU , KAWASHIMA YOSHIYUKI , TANAHASHI YOSHIFUMI , TAKAHASHI TORU , ICHIKAWA HIDEAKI , TOMIZAWA NAOKI , MORISHITA YASUO 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to elucidate the efficacy of University of Wisconsin (UW) solution for preventing liver injury, when used as a hypothermic perfusate infused into the systemic circulation during extended hepatectomy with hepatic inflow occlusion. Adult mongrel dogs (9.5–17.5 kg, n= 14) were subjected to 75% hepatectomy under 60 min hepatic inflow occlusion. The animals were divided into two groups. The UW group (n= 7) underwent hypothermic perfusion using 4°C UW solution (core temperature of the liver: 12.3±0.2°C). The control group designated as the Ringer's lactate (LR) group (n= 7) underwent hypothermic perfusion using 4°C LR solution. The perfusate was introduced into the systemic circulation via the hepatic vein. Blood from the hepatic vein was sampled, and alanine amino‐transferase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities and the ammonia concentration were measured. The 7 day survival rate was higher in the UW group than in the LR group. The parameters of liver function were less significantly altered in the UW group than in the LR group. The plasma ammonia concentration was significantly (P<0.05) lower 6h after reperfusion in the UW group than in the LR group. A small volume of hypothermic perfusion of the liver using UW solution was safe if it returned to systemic circulation. Hypothermic perfusion of the liver using UW solution may be effective for preventing hepatic tissue injury during extended hepatectomy with hepatic vascular occlusion.
GENETIC ASPECTS OF INTESTINAL SUCRASE‐ISOMALTASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: KERRY K. R. , TOWNLEY R. R. W. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISDisaccharidase levels in duodenal biopsy specimens from parents and siblings of 4 children presenting with symptoms of intestinal sucrase and isomaltase deficiency have been compared with those from a group of normal adults and children. The data obtained indicate a recessive mode of inheritance of this double enzyme deficiency.It is suggested that intestinal sucrase‐isomaltase deficiency might not be rare, and the means by which the homozygotes and heterozygotes for this disorder could be identified by quantitative disaccharidase assay, are proposed.
THE INVESTIGATION OF DISORDERS OF CALCIUM METABOLISM IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: McCREDIE D. A. , McINTYRE I. P. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISTests used in the investigation of Ca metabolism are discussed and the techniques and precautions described in some detail. A brief account is given of the conditions studied and of how these tests have proved useful in diagnosis and management. Particular reference is made to the use of blood and urine levels, Ca absorption studies, intravenous infusion of Ca and of bone biopsy.
HYPOKALAEMIA AS A CONSISTENT FEATURE OF FULMINANT MENINGOCOCCAL SEPTICAEMIA
Authors: MAUGER D. C. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe records of 25 consecutive children with meningococcal septicaemia in the years 1964–1969 have been reviewed. Those with hypotension developed hypokalaemia within 6 hours after admission.It is suggested that vigorous potassium therapy may be required to prevent the effects of hypokalaemia on cardiac contractility, and on cardiac rhythm in the digitalised patient.
NEUROLOGIC HANDICAPS AFTER LOW OESTRIOL EXCRETIONS IN PREGNANCY
Authors: BUTLER I. J. , HOPKINS I. J. , SMITH M. A. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISIn a retrospective follow‐up study of 50 pregnancies with low urinary excretion of oestriol, there were 6 neonatal deaths; 5 of 23 survivors who could be traced had definite neurological handicaps, and 6 had minor abnormalities of uncertain significance. There was a high incidence of retardation of infra‐uterine growth.Other causes of low oestriol excretion (maternal hypo‐adrenalism, hepatic and renal insufficiency, and anencephaly) were also encountered. Prospective and controlled studies are required to study further the relationship of low urinary oestriol excretion to neurologic handicap, and the value of the test in assessing the need for obstetric intervention.
THE ROTHMUND‐THOMSON SYNDROME: Case Report of an Unusual Syndrome
Authors: OATES R. K. , LEWIS M. B. , WALKER‐SMITH J. A. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA child with the clinical features of the Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome was first seen with recurrent chest infections and elevated sweat electrolytes, but these reverted to normal. The features of the syndrome and the causes of elevated sweat electroylte levels are discussed.
THE FAECAL EXCRETION OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT FATTY ACIDS IN PREMATURE BABIES
Authors: ANYON C. P. , CLARKSON K. G. 
Published: March 2008

SynopsisA study of the excretion of low‐molecular weight fatty acids in the faeces of 10 premature babies is presented. It is suggested that the differences demonstrated at different ages are due to the presence of fermentation of carbohydrate in the bowel early in life, and that this process gradually disappears as artificially fed babies become more mature.
BILATERAL CONGENITAL CHOANAL ATRESIA ASSOCIATED WITH ANOMALIES OF THE FOREGUT
Authors: BUCKFIELD P. M. , HOLDAWAY M. D. , HOROWITZ S. , KEAN M. R. 
Published: March 2008

Synopsis3 patients with bilateral osseous congenital choanal atresia (CCA) are described. In each instance there were associated anomalies of the foregut. The necessity for early diagnosis of bilateral CCA is discussed. Management involves decisions about the timing and type of surgery to remove the obstruction. A method of ensuring an adequate airway until an infant can withstand surgery is described and an operative technique for removal of the obstruction via the anterior nares, which gave good results in 2 out of the 3 patients, is outlined.
THE SECULAR TREND IN THE AGE OF MENARCHE IN AUSTRALIAN SCHOOLGIRLS
Authors: HARPER JULIET , COLLINS J. K. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISStatistics derived from a sample of 1391 schoolgirls drawn from both state and private schools showed the mean age of menarche to be 12.65 years. Selected schools were included to give a representative sample in terms of geographical and social class distribution. The onset of puberty was found to be normally distributed within the age range 9 years to 15 years 8 months. After an examination of the results of previous Australian studies, evidence was found which suggested a secular trend in the onset of puberty with fluctuations paralleling times of economic crisis.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE PROGNOSIS AND COURSE OF THE IDIOPATHIC RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
Authors: CORBET A. J. S. , BURNARD E. D. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISIn a group of dyspnoeic babies, the great majority suffering from hyaline membrane disease, blood gas measurements were made at regular intervals and analysed with respect to prognosis and also to the natural history of the illness. A good indication of the prognosis was obtained from considerations of both the birth weight, and certain blood gas criteria in the first 12 hours of life.
SCREENING FOR AMINOACIDURIA: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF FOUR TECHNIQUES AND A SURVEY OF A MENTALLY RETARDED POPULATION*
Authors: TIPPETT PATRICIA A. , DANKS D. M. , DIMECH LINDA 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISAscending and descending chromatography on paper, ascending chromatography on prepared thin‐layer plates, and high voltage electrophoresis (HVE) on paper, were compared to determine the methods of choice for the detection of aminoaciduria in the newborn community of Victoria (70,000 per year) and among babies with suggestive symptoms (up to 100–200 per week). All methods were found reproducible and of very similar cost (7.3 cents to 9.9 cents per sample). HVE was clearly the most sensitive method and appears to be the best methods for testing symptomatic patients. However, the work load involved in community screening is more readily handled by thin‐layer chromatography which proved more sensitive than paper chromatography.An HVE survey of 1,067 mentally retarded children and 725 children of low normal and borderline intelligence confirmed the presence of 21 patients with phenylketonuria, 1 with tyrosinaemia, 4 with various forms of cystinuria and 2 with sarcosinaemia.
PITFALLS IN THE PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF TAY‐SACHS DISEASE
Authors: MICHAEL C. A. , HAHNEL R. , HOCKEY A. , WYSOCKI S. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA case report of an error in the prenatal diagnosis of Tay‐Sach's disease is presented. It is emphasised that errors can occur in the biochemical investigation of hexosaminidase A in cultural amniotic fluid cells and results may be falsely regarded as excluding the diagnosis. It is suggested that more reliance should be placed on the examination of fresh amniotic fluid when prenatal diagnosis is undertaken.
PAROTID SEROUS HYPERSECRETION IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: BLOMFIELD JEANETTE , ALLARS HELEN M. , RUSH ANNE R. , LENNEP E. W. VAN , BROWN J. M. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISCitric acid‐stimulated parotid saliva was collected from 42 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and from 40 control subjects.Despite considerable overlap of the values from the CF and the control group, the mean concentrations of calcium, amylase and protein were statistically significantly elevated in the CF patients. Five of the CF patients showed marked parotid serous hypersecretion.Parotid saliva samples with elevated protein concentrations became turbid on cooling to 20°. By electron microscopy, the turbid material had the appearance of a colloidal suspension of coalescing droplets.
IMMUNOBIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD DISEASES
Authors: JOSE DAVID G. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA large part of clinical paediatrics deals with infectious disease, inflammatory conditions, allergy, auto‐immune disease and cancer. The immune system plays a critical role in these diseases and in addition presents a perplexing number of conditions arising from defects in the immune system itself. This review seeks to highlight immune mechanisms in selected diseases of children and to explore the clinical value of these mechanisms in terms of diagnostic or therapeutic application. Some of the principles and mechanisms involved in immune defence have been previously considered (Jose, 1973).
FEMINIZING ADRENAL ADENOMA IN A FIVE YEAR OLD BOY
Authors: LEDITSCHKE J. F. , ARDEN F. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThis is the sixth recorded case of a feminizing adrenal tumour in a boy. He presented with bilateral gynaecomastia, advanced bone age, and elevated urinary ketosteroids and oestrogens. The breast changes and hormone values returned to normal following removal of a large left adrenal tumour. The prognosis is discussed in relation to the previously reported cases in children and adults.
Balance Studies of Nine Elements during Complete Intravenous Feeding of Small Premature Infants1
Authors: JAMES B. E. , MacMAHON R. A. 
Published: March 2008

James, B. E. and MacMahon, R. A. (1976).
Aust. paediat. J., 12, 154–162. Balance studies of 9 elements during complete intravenous feeding of small premature infants. During the course of a study of complete intravenous feeding of premature infants weighing less than 1,050 g, metabolic balance studies were performed on 4 surviving infants for 5 major nutrient elements: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus; and 4 trace elements: iron, zinc, copper and manganese. These studies determined the amounts retained when these elements were given intravenously.There was a significant correlation between the input and retention of each of these elements except zinc, and the data obtained have been used to derive tentative recommendations for the rate of infusion of these elements into the small premature infant.
Fasting plasma glucose in children
Authors: BROWN T.C.K. , CONNELLY JOHN F. , DUNLOP MARJORIE E. , McDOUGALL PETER N. , TIBBALLS JAMES 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT.Fasting plasma glucose levels were measured in samples taken preoperatively in 116 patients, it was found that mean plasma glucose levels increased with age and that there was no relationship between the period of fasting and plasma glucose concentrations. Fewer children had levels below 3 mmols/l than in other reported series.
The paediatrician and the sexually abused child
Authors: CONNELL HELEN M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT.Sexual abuse is an aspect of cruelty to children which merits greater scientific attention. It has potential for damaging the mental health of the victim and intergenerational cycles of this behaviour pattern may develop. The paediatrician is in a position to detect children at risk and may be able to intervene.Three types of sexual abuse are described (i) single sexual attacks which may be accompanied by physical violence: (ii) sexual exploitation of children for financial gain, and (iii) longstanding sexual relationships, generally between girls and father figures; these are far the most common.Although it is hard to separate the effects of premature sexual experience from other adverse environmental influences. the child victim of longstanding sexual abuse emerges immature, with considerable confusion as to her role in the family, and with constricted personality development. Her primary motivation is attention seeking, and she adopts sexual activity with an adult as a means of survival in often deplorable conditions. The sensitivity of management following the assault being made public is an important factor in determining eventual adjustment.
Lobar emphysema complicating hyaline membrane disease
Authors: MITCHELL J. K. , MELLIS C. M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA pre‐term infant with severe hyaline membrane disease (HMD), requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation, who developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which was followed by lobar emphysema in the right lower lobe is presented. Surgical removal of the right lower lobe led to prompt improvement in the oxygen requirements and subsequent recovery of the infant's respiratory distress. Pathology revealed marked stenosis of the right lower lobe bronchus and air‐trapping, without destruction of alveoli. The lobar bronchus contained adequate cartilage, but deficient muscle at the site of stenosis. It seems likely that this bronchial stenosis, and resultant lobar emphysema was not congenital, but was a complication of HMD, BPD or therapy.
Neonatal jaundice in twins
Authors: Tan K. L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT.Bilirubin levels in Chinese homozygous twins who were clinically well at delivery with no evidence of isoimmunization or the twin transfusion syndrome were studied.It was demonstrated that order of delivery, birth weight or haemoglobin level of the twins did not seem to have any significant effect on the bilirubin levels in the first week of life. The bilirubin levels were in fact similar to those of singletons.Twinning does not seem to have any significant effect on the bilirubin levels of newborn infants.
HLA system in Chinese children with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: LEE BEE WAH , CHAN SON HA , TAN SIOK HOON , WONG HOCK BOON , TAN CHENG LIM 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT. HLA in 12 unrelated Chinese paediatric patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were found to have an increased frequency of BW22, B17 and AW33.BW22 was observed in 5/12 (41.7%) of IDDM patients compared to 40/330 normal unrelated Chinese controls (p < 0.005, RR = 5.2). AW33 and B17 were observed in 6/12 (50.0%) and 7/12 (58.3%) of IDDM patients respectively, compared to 36/330 and 46/330 in the normal controls respectively (AW33: corrected p < 0.0026, RR = 8.2, B17: corrected p < 0.0026, RR = 8.6). HLA B8, B15 and B18 did not demonstrate any significant association with IDDM in this series of patients. The results of this study further emphasize the well recognized race specificity in HLA antigen distribution in normal population as well as disease states.
Intravenous verapamil in the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in children
Authors: LEITNER R. P. , HAWKER R. E. , CELERMAJER J. M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT. Fifty‐four spontaneous episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) in 23 patients, varying in age from one day to fourteen years, were treated with intravenous verapamil according to a specific protocol.Stable sinus rhythm was obtained promptly with no side effects in 76% of episodes. There was no response in 9%; an unstable rhythm in 7.5%; and severe side effects (hypotension, sinus bradycardia and cardio‐respiratory arrest) in 7.5%. All severe side effects were associated with larger than recommended doses of verapamil.Intravenous verapamil reverted 100% of all episodes of idiopathic PSVT in eight patients; 83% of episodes in five patients with congenital heart disease; and only 57% of episodes in nine patients with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome. It was ineffective in one neonate who had had intra‐uterine SVT.
Henoch‐Schönlein purpura — a surgical review
Authors: HARVEY JOHN G. , COLDITZ PAUL B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA review of the complication associated with Henoch‐Schonlein purpura is presented with particular reference to those requiring surgical management. Gastrointestinal involvement occurred in 105 patients and was complicated by Intussusception in three patients and by perforation in one. Laparotomy was undertaken In to patients. Involvement of the scrotum and testis occurred in 29 patients and suggested torsion of the testis on occasion. Renal involvement occurred in 45 patients and was associated with renal impairment in six. Recommendations for the management of surgical complications are discussed.
Review of thoracic neuroblastoma
Authors: GOON H. K. , COHEN D. H. , HARVEY J. G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTwenty‐seven cases of thoracic neuroblastoma were reviewed. Thirteen cases (48%) survived, 11 for more than 2 years and two for more than 14 months. Surgery is the treatment of choice and complete excision appears to give the best result. However, radical surgery is discouraged if the tumour is not readily removable. The use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be limited to Stage III and Stage IV disease and for palliation of soft tissue and bony secondaries. The clinical presentation was generally non‐specific with respect to the final diagnosis in this series. Significantly raised catecholamines were seen in 13 of 16 patients assessed (81%). Prognosis was related to the age at diagnosis, stage of disease and the histological type. The better prognosis seen in thoracic neuroblastoma in comparison with abdominal neuroblastoma may be related to the earlier presentation of the disease and the higher incidence of better differentiated tumours in the thorax. There appears to be an unknown additional factor that confers a better prognosis in patients under 1 year old.
Testicular relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Malaysia, 1967–82
Authors: LIN HAI‐PENG , TAIB NORAZIZAH M. , SINGH PERDAMEN , SINNIAH D. , LAM KHUAN‐LENG 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFrom 1967–82,9 children with testicular relapse (TR) of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were diagnosed out of 99 boys treated, an incidence of 9.1%. The median time from the onset of ALL until diagnosis was 28 months (range 3–41 months). All were asymptomatic; six were detected on routine examination while three were diagnosed only on biopsy. Routine biopsy prior to stopping chemotherapy is useful in detecting occult TR. Biopsies should be done on both the testes regardless of the clinical findings. The age, leucocyte count and hepatosplenomegaly at diagnosis of ALL were not found to be significant factors in influencing relapse. Eight‐children were in bone marrow remission at the time of TR, but three had preceding or concurrent meningeal leukaemia while in the other five the testis was the first and only site of relapse. Radiotherapy was effective in local disease control but failed to prevent bone marrow relapse in all except two patients despite continuation of chemotherapy. The median time from onset of TR until bone marrow relapse was 7 months (range 3–13 months) and the median time until death, was 11 months (range 6–18 months). The frequency of testicular relapse may be related to the intensity of either the initial induction therapy or the consolidation chemotherapy. Further studies are required to determine whether the incidence of testicular relapse will decline with more intensive early treatment.