bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and climatic sensitivities of runoff from a cold‐type glacier on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Fujita Koji , Ohta Takeshi , Ageta Yutaka 
Published: December 2006

AbstractModel calculations are made in order to understand the characteristics and response to climate change of runoff from a cold glacier on the Tibetan Plateau. Some 20% of meltwater is preserved at the snow–ice boundary due to refreezing, since the glaciers in mid to northern Tibet are sufficiently cooled during the previous winter.Sensitivity to alterations in meteorological parameters has revealed that a change in air temperature would cause not only an increase in melting by sensible heat, but also a drastic increase in melting due to lowering of the albedo, since some of the snowfall changes to rainfall. In addition, it was suggested that a decrease in precipitation would cause a lowering of the surface albedo, with a resulting increase in the contribution of glacier runoff to the total runoff of river water. This study shows the first quantitative evaluation of the above effects, though they have been suggested qualitatively. The seasonal sensitivity of glacier runoff was examined by changing the dates given for a meteorological perturbation for a period of only 5 days. It was revealed that changes in both air temperature and precipitation during the melting season strongly affected glacier runoff by changing the surface albedo, though these perturbations only slightly altered the annual averages. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contractile three‐dimensional bioengineered heart muscle for myocardial regeneration
Authors: Huang Yen‐Chih , Khait Luda , Birla Ravi K. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTissue engineered heart muscle may be able to provide a treatment modality for early stage congestive heart failure. In this study, we describe a new method to engineer functional 3‐dimensional heart muscle utilizing a biodegradable fibrin gel. Primary cardiac myocytes were isolated from hearts of 2‐ to 3‐day‐old rats and processed in one of the two ways. For the first method (layering approach), the cells were plated directly on the surface of a fibrin gel‐coated on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces. The cells were cultured in growth media and the contractile performance evaluated after formation of 3‐dimensional tissue constructs. For the second method (embedding approach), the cells were suspended with thrombin and plated on 35 mm tissue culture surfaces coated with PDMS. Fibrinogen was then added to the surface. Within 7 days after initial cell plating, a 3‐dimensional tissue construct of cells derived from primary heart tissue (termed bioengineered heart muscle, BEHM) resulted for both approaches. Histological evaluation showed the presence of uniformly distributed cardiac cells throughout the BEHM, both in longitudinal and cross sections. The stimulated active force of BEHMs formed using the layering approach was 835.5 ± 57.2 μN (N = 6) and 145.3 ± 44.9 μN (N = 6) using the embedding approach. The stimulated active force was dependent on the initial plating density. It was possible to maintain the contractile function of BEHM in culture for up to 2 months with daily medium changes. The BEHMs exhibited inotropy in response to external calcium and isoproterenol and could be electrically paced at frequencies of 1–7 Hz. We describe a novel method to engineer contractile 3‐dimensional cardiac tissue construct with a fourfold increase specific force compared to our previous model. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Effects of viscosity and surface roughness on gear contact tribological layers
Authors: Jao T. C. , Inacker O. , Beckmann P. , Yatsunami K. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe increasing dependence on more robust additive chemistry to improve gear pitting resistance requires the additive technology development to rely less on a trial‐and‐error approach and more on a better basic understanding of the influence of additive chemistry on tribological contact layers' physical and chemical changes. The use of secondary neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS) and nanoindenter to analyse tribological contact layers had been carried out by Inacker and co‐workers at NMI. They found that the alkyl structure of zinc dithiophosphate (ZDTP) and the type of cation have a profound effect on the thickness and nanohardness of the tribological layer. An extension to that study has been carried out in this investigation, which involves a design experiment of two variables (oil viscosity and surface roughness) while keeping the additive chemistry constant to determine their impact on the tribological layer. The methods used to analyse the tribological layers include SNMS, nanoindenter and SEM coupled with focused ion beam imaging of the rectangular well‐shaped cross section. The results in general are in agreement with the findings of Inacker and his co‐workers, namely greater micropitting reduces the thickness of the tribological layer and brings closer the depth of nanohardness maximum to the surface. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurements of volatile organic compounds in the earth's atmosphere using proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry
Authors: de Gouw Joost , Warneke Carsten 
Published: December 2006

AbstractProton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS) allows real‐time measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air with a high sensitivity and a fast time response. The use of PTR‐MS in atmospheric research has expanded rapidly in recent years, and much has been learned about the instrument response and specificity of the technique in the analysis of air from different regions of the atmosphere. This paper aims to review the progress that has been made. The theory of operation is described and allows the response of the instrument to be described for different operating conditions. More accurate determinations of the instrument response involve calibrations using standard mixtures, and some results are shown. Much has been learned about the specificity of PTR‐MS from inter‐comparison studies as well the coupling of PTR‐MS with a gas chromatographic interface. The literature on this issue is reviewed and summarized for many VOCs of atmospheric interest. Some highlights of airborne measurements by PTR‐MS are presented, including the results obtained in fresh and aged forest‐fire and urban plumes. Finally, the recent work that is focused on improving the technique is discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 26:223–257, 2007
Zyklisches Werkstoffverhalten sprühkompaktierter Aluminiumwerkstoffe. Kennwerte für die Bauteilbemessung: Von der Probe zum Bauteil
Authors: el Dsoki C. , Landersheim V. , Kaufmann H. , Bruder T. , Krug P. , Bohn T. , Müller C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSprühkompaktierte Hochleistungsaluminiumlegierungen (DISPAL = DISpersionsverfestigtes ALuminium) zeichnen sich durch hohe Festigkeiten, hohe E‐Moduli, guten Verschleißwiderstand und niedrige thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizienten aus. Der Einsatz dieser Werkstoffe und das gestiegene Interesse der Automobilindustrie begründen sich in diesen Eigenschaften. Im Rahmen eines bilateralen Projektes wurden unter Variation von verschiedenen Parametern sowohl dehnungs‐ als auch kraftgeregelte Versuche durchgeführt, um das Verhalten unter zyklischer Belastung dieser Werkstoffe zu beschreiben.
Korrosion durch Biokraftstoffe – Schutz durch Beschichtungen auch bei zyklischer Beanspruchung
Authors: Kaufmann H. , Morgenstern C. , Gugau M. , Scholz M. , Jung T. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractDer Einfluss von Korrosion muss bei zahlreichen Bauteilen in der Fahrzeugindustrie für die Auslegung berücksichtigt werden. Mit entsprechenden Beschichtungen wird versucht, den negativen Einfluss der Korrosion unter statischen und zyklischen Beanspruchungen zu unterdrücken. Am Beispiel der Aluminiumgusslegierung AlSi7Mg0,3 T6 sollen ausgewählte Werkstoff‐Beschichtungssysteme unter mechanisch‐thermisch‐korrosiven Komplexbeanspruchungen charakterisiert und Kennwerte für die Auslegung von Bauteilen unter zyklischen Beanspruchungen ermittelt werden. Es wurden Auslagerungsversuche in den Medien Ottokraftstoff E5 (Ottokraftstoff mit 5 % Ethanol) und E10 (Ottokraftstoff mit 10 % Ethanol) bei verschiedenen Temperaturen mit unbeschichteten, eloxierten und chemisch‐vernickelten Proben durchgeführt und anschließend im REM untersucht. Die zyklischen Versuche mit chemisch vernickeltem und getemperten Aluminium im Ottokraftstoff E5 bei 100 °C haben gezeigt, dass für dieses Umgebungsmedium der mindernde Einfluss durch die Kraftstoffkorrosion auf die Schwingfestigkeit im Rahmen der Streuung nicht zu erkennen ist. Dieses Ergebnis deckt sich mit den Auslagerungsversuchen im Ottokraftstoff E5 bei 100 °C, bei denen sich keine Korrosion zeigte.Salznebelkorrosion führt trotz Beschichtung zu einer deutlichen Minderung der Schwingfestigkeit. Bei der Schadensakkumulationsrechnung konnte gezeigt werden, dass die tatsächliche Schadenssumme von Bremssattel und Proben trotz unterschiedlicher Beschichtung vergleichbar ist.
Joint hypermobility
Authors: Bird Howard A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPatients with joint hypermobility, perhaps the mildest of the various inherited abnormalities of connective tissue, may present to a rheumatologist or general practitioner although a large proportion are recognized by health professionals, particularly physiotherapists. Hypermobility may be generalized or extreme at a small number of joints. Sometimes it is associated with involvement of other organs because of abnormal inherited collagen structure elsewhere. A small proportion of patients will have one of the more serious conditions such as Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, Marfan's syndrome or osteogenesis imperfecta. Management is multidisciplinary requiring a team including physicians, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and podiatrists, among others. Patients often wait a long time before receiving their definitive diagnosis and are sometimes dismissed as malingerers. Patients often have a lot of queries about their condition unrelated to their joints. Among these are whether there will be problems in pregnancy, whether the condition will be passed on to their children, whether symptoms arising from organs other than the joints are related and whether they might have been incorrectly accused of battering their children. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SK‐NEP‐1 and Rh1 are Ewing family tumor lines
Authors: Smith Malcolm A. , Morton Christopher L. , Phelps Doris , Girtman Kevin , Neale Geoffrey , Houghton Peter J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe utility of preclinical models of childhood cancers is contingent upon reliably classifying them with their corresponding clinical counterparts. Molecular tools such as gene expression profiling allow researchers to confirm the similarity between clinical tumors and preclinical models. We describe the use of gene expression profiling to show that SK‐NEP‐1, a cell line previously thought to represent anaplastic Wilms tumor, is instead related to Ewing sarcoma. RT‐PCR confirmed that SK‐NEP‐1 expresses EWS–FLI1 gene fusion transcripts characteristic of Ewing sarcoma, and DNA sequencing demonstrated the joining of exon 7 of EWS with exon 5 of FLI1 for these transcripts. Rh1, which was previously categorized as an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, also has a gene expression profile suggestive of Ewing sarcoma and expresses EWS‐FLI1 fusion transcripts in which exon 7 of EWS is joined with exon 6 of FLI1. These examples illustrate the importance of molecularly characterizing pediatric preclinical models used for testing new agents. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:703–706. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free fetal DNA in maternal circulation: a potential prognostic marker for chromosomal abnormalities?
Authors: Gerovassili Ageliki , Garner Chad , Nicolaides Kypros H. , Thein Swee Lay , Rees David C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies on the association of fetal cell‐free (cf)DNA levels in maternal circulation have produced conflicting results but the sample sizes were small and based on archived material. We aimed to quantify the levels of fetal and total cfDNA on prospectively collected samples, to understand their correlation with other variables and to clarify their diagnostic value.MethodsDNA from pre‐CVS maternal plasma was extracted from 264 controls, 72 trisomy 21, 24 trisomy 18, 12 trisomy 13, 16 Turner's syndrome and 8 triploidy first‐trimester pregnancies and quantified using real‐time PCR. β‐globin was used to determine total cfDNA levels and DYS14 and SRY assays to determine fetal cfDNA levels.ResultsFetal cfDNA levels (DYS14) showed correlation with crown rump length (CRL) (p = 0.004), BMI (p = 0.01) and storage time (p = 0.007) while there was an inverse correlation of total cfDNA levels with nuchal translucency (NT) (p = 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the levels of fetal cfDNA in controls and aneuploidy cases.ConclusionQuantification of fetal and total cfDNA in maternal circulation showed inverse correlation between NT and total cfDNA levels. Our results also suggest that fetal cfDNA is not an ideal prognostic marker for chromosomal abnormalities in first‐trimester pregnancies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An assessment of the compliance with good pharmacy practice in an urban and rural district in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijesinghe P. R. , Jayakody R. L. , Seneviratne R. De A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the compliance of private pharmacies to good pharmacy practice (GPP) in an urban and rural district in Sri Lanka and identify deficiencies with a view to improving supply of safe and effective drugs to consumers.MethodsLot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) method was used to determine the number of pharmacies that need to be studied and the threshold limit of defective elements. An inspection of 20 pharmacies in the urban and all 18 pharmacies in the rural district was carried out using a structured checklist. Compliance to seven subsystems of GPP was studied.ResultsStorage of drugs, maintenance of cold chain, dispensing and documentation were comprehensively substandard in both districts. Individual items of supervision in registration, physical environment and order of the pharmacy were also found to be substandard in both districts.ConclusionThis study shows that the LQAS method can be used to identify inadequate pharmacy services in the community as a whole. There was poor compliance to GPP by the private pharmacies in both districts. There are concerns about the quality of drugs and the safety of private pharmacy services to the community. Some of the deficiencies could be easily corrected by educating the pharmacists and authorised officers, and more effective and streamlined supervision. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of glycosylation on the protein pattern in 2‐D‐gel electrophoresis
Authors: Kleinert Peter , Kuster Thomas , Arnold Daniel , Jaeken Jaak , Heizmann Claus W. , Troxler Heinz 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSingle proteins, when analyzed with 2‐D‐PAGE, often show multiple spots due to PTMs. In gels of human body fluids, the spot patterns facilitate the assignment and identification of the proteins. We analyzed serums from patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) in which glycoproteins are strongly impacted and exhibit highly distinguishable spot patterns compared to healthy controls. We detected a typical protein pattern for α1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) and transferrin (Trf) that are markers for CDG. AGP contains five glycosylation sites which results in a complex microheterogeneity of the glycoprotein. On the other hand, in Trf, a glycoprotein with only two glycosylation sites, mainly biantennary complex‐type‐N‐linked glycans are bound. We used 2‐D‐PAGE, MALDI‐TOF‐MS, and ESI‐MS for the analysis of these glycoproteins and their corresponding glycans. In AGP, the heterogenic glycosylation of the different glycosylation sites is responsible for the complex spot pattern. In contrast to AGP, the protein spots of Trf cannot be explained by glycosylation. We found strong evidence that oxidation of cysteine is responsible for the spot pattern. This study contradicts the commonly accepted assumption that the multiple protein spots of Trf observed in 2‐D‐PAGE are due, as in AGP, to the glycosylation of the protein.
Lipid raft proteome of the human neutrophil azurophil granule
Authors: Feuk‐Lagerstedt Elisabeth , Movitz Charlotta , Pellmé Sara , Dahlgren Claes , Karlsson Anna 
Published: December 2006

AbstractDetergent‐resistant membrane domains (DRMs) are present in the membranes of azurophil granules in human neutrophils (Feuk‐Lagerstedt et al., J. Leukoc. Biol. 2002, 72, 970). Using a proteomic approach, we have now identified 106 proteins in a DRM preparation from these granule membranes. Among these proteins were the lipid raft structural proteins flotillin‐1 and ‐2, cytoskeletal proteins such as actin, vimentin and tubulin, and membrane fusion promoting proteins like annexins and dysferlin. Our results suggest that the azurophil granule membrane, in similarity to the plasma membrane, is an elaborate structure that takes part in intracellular signaling and functions other than the mere delivery of bactericidal effector molecules to the phagosome.
Phosphoproteins of the chicken eggshell calcified layer
Authors: Mann Karlheinz , Olsen Jesper V. , Maček Boris , Gnad Florian , Mann Matthias 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe chicken eggshell matrix is a complex mixture of proteins and proteoglycans. It also contains phosphoproteins that are thought to affect mineralization of the matrix. Several of the matrix phosphoproteins, such as the major component osteopontin, have already been identified as phosphoproteins in other tissues, but the phosphorylation status of the eggshell matrix forms was unknown. The phosphopeptides, obtained after cleavage of the matrix proteins with several different cleavage methods, were enriched by anion‐exchange chromatography and reversible binding to titanium oxide and identified by LC‐MSn or pseudo‐MSn analysis following neutral loss scanning. Altogether we identified 39 phosphorylated matrix proteins, 22 of which were not known to be phosphorylated before. Eight of the proteins were identified as eggshell matrix components for the first time. Together these proteins contained more than 150 different phosphorylation sites, 103 of which were determined with high confidence. Among the major phosphorylated proteins of the chicken eggshell matrix were osteopontin and the eggshell‐specific proteins ovocleidin‐17, ovocleidin‐116, and ovocalyxin‐32.
Evaluation of an in vitro model of androgen ablation and identification of the androgen responsive proteome in LNCaP cells
Authors: Rowland John G. , Robson Joanne L. , Simon William J. , Leung Hing Y. , Slabas Antoni R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractProteins responsive to androgen and anti‐androgen may be involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer and the ultimate failure of androgen‐ablation therapy. These proteins represent potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for improved management of prostate cancer. We have investigated the effect of androgen (R1881) and anti‐androgen (bicalutamide) on the androgen‐responsive prostate cancer LNCaP cell line using a quantitative gel‐based proteomic approach. Prior to analysis, the in vitro system was evaluated for reproducibility and validated by appropriate molecular responses to treatment. Six replicate samples were independently generated and analysed by 2‐D DIGE. According to strict statistical criteria, 197 spots were differentially expressed, of which we have successfully identified 165 spots corresponding to 125 distinct proteins. Following androgen supplementation, 108 spots (68 proteins) were increased and 57 spots (39 proteins) were decreased. Essentially no difference was observed between control and anti‐androgen‐treated samples, confirming the absence of “off‐target” effects of bicalutamide. Identified proteins were involved in diverse processes including the stress response and intracellular signalling. The potential contribution to disease of these processes and identified constituent proteins are discussed. This rigorous, statistically supported study of androgen responses has provided a number of potential candidates for development as diagnostic/prognostic markers and drug targets.
Cognitive‐behavioral management of chemotherapy‐related cognitive change
Authors: Ferguson Robert J. , Ahles Tim A. , Saykin Andrew J. , McDonald Brenna C. , Furstenberg Charlotte T. , Cole Bernard F. , Mott Leila A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAdjuvant chemotherapy can produce mild cognitive decline among breast cancer survivors which adversely effects function and quality of life. However, no treatment to date has been proposed or developed for this problem despite large numbers of cancer patients who report post‐treatment memory dysfunction. This paper presents data from a single arm pilot study of a brief cognitive‐behavioral treatment aimed at helping breast cancer survivors manage cognitive dysfunction associated with adjuvant chemotherapy (Memory and Attention Adaptation Training; MAAT). Participants were twenty‐nine women who were an average of 8 years post‐chemotherapy for stage I and II breast cancer. All had reported complaints regarding memory and attention. Improvements in self‐report of cognitive function, quality of life and standard neuropsychological test performance were observed at post‐treatment, 2‐month and 6‐month follow‐up. Participants also reported high treatment satisfaction and rated MAAT as helpful in improving ability to compensate for memory problems. Given these results, the treatment appears to be a feasible and practical cognitive‐behavioral program that warrants continued evaluation among cancer survivors who experience persistent cognitive dysfunction. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the interaction between aldolase and the thrombospondin‐related anonymous protein, a key connection of the malaria parasite invasion machinery
Authors: Buscaglia Carlos A. , Hol Wim G. J. , Nussenzweig Victor , Cardozo Timothy 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA complex molecular motor empowers substrate‐dependent motility and host cell invasion in malaria parasites. The interaction between aldolase and the transmembrane adhesin thrombospondin‐related anonymous protein (TRAP) transduces the motor force across the parasite surface. Here, we analyzed this interaction by using state‐of‐the‐art flexible docking. Besides algorithms to account for induced fit in the side‐chains of the Plasmodium falciparum aldolase (PfAldo) structure, we used additional in silico receptors modeled upon crystallographic structures of evolutionarily related aldolases to incorporate enzyme backbone flexibility, and to overcome structure inaccuracies due to the relatively low resolution (3.0 Å) of the genuine PfAldo structure. Our results indicate that, in spite of multiple intermolecular contacts, only the six C‐terminal residues of the TRAP cytoplasmic tail bind in an ordered manner to PfAldo. This portion of TRAP targets the PfAldo active site, with its n‐1 Trp residue, which is essential for this interaction, buried within the PfAldo catalytic pocket. Docking of a TRAP peptide bearing a Trp to Ala mutation rendered the lower energy configurations either bound weakly outside the active site or not bound to PfAldo at all. The position of the bound TRAP peptide, and particularly the close proximity between the carbonyl of its n‐2 Asp residue and the experimentally determined position of the phosphate‐6 group of fructose 1,6‐phosphate bound to mammalian aldolases, predicts an inhibitory effect of TRAP on catalysis. Enzymatic and TRAP‐binding assays using mutant PfAldo molecules strongly support the overall structural model. These results might provide the initial framework for the identification of novel antiparasitic compounds. Proteins 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.