bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection of colour of sticky trap for monitoring adult bean thrips, Caliothrips fasciatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Harman J Alex , Mao Chang Xuan , Morse Joseph G 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAdult bean thrips, Caliothrips fasciatus (Pergande), overwintering inside the navel of navel oranges shipped from California to Australia, are an actionable pest for the importing country, i.e. infested lots are fumigated with methyl bromide. Strict quarantine regulations regarding C. fasciatus prompted studies on the best colour sticky trap that might be used to monitor for bean thrips populations in the vicinity of California citrus groves prior to harvesting fruit for export. Preliminary experiments identified the most attractive trap of each of four colours (blue, green, white, yellow) commonly used to sample adult Thysanoptera. Three trials of a field study were conducted, comparing C. fasciatus capture on the best card of each colour using asparagus ferns naturally infested with high levels of this pest. Based on significantly higher catch on green sticky cards, this colour trap is recommended for potential use in California's bean thrips mitigation plan designed to reduce thrips levels on citrus exported to Australia. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis, conformation, and bioactivity of novel analogues of the antiviral lipopeptide halovir A
Authors: Dalla Bona Andrea , Formaggio Fernando , Peggion Cristina , Kaptein Bernard , Broxterman Quirinus B. , Galdiero Stefania , Galdiero Massimiliano , Vitiello Mariateresa , Benedetti Ettore , Toniolo Claudio 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe synthesized by solution‐phase methods three analogues, [L‐Leu6‐OMe], [L‐(αMe)Leu3, L‐Leu6‐OMe], and [L‐(αMe)Val4, L‐Leu6‐OMe] of halovir A. The [L‐Leu6‐OMe] analogue is known to be biologically equipotent to its naturally occurring, antiviral, lipopentapeptide amide parent compound. The preferred conformations of the L‐(αMe)Leu‐ and L‐(αMe)Val‐containing analogues, with a potentially reinforced helicity, were compared with those of [L‐Leu6‐OMe] halovir A and the natural peptide itself by use of a combination of FT‐IR absorption and NMR techniques. Measurements of the antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type‐1 (HSV‐1) of halovir A and its three analogues were also carried out. Interestingly, the [L‐(αMe)Val4, L‐Leu6‐OMe] analogue exhibits the most significant activity in reducing HSV‐1 infectivity, notably higher than that of halovir A itself. Copyright © 2006 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New bradykinin analogues substituted in positions 7 and 8 with sterically restricted 1‐aminocyclopentane‐1‐carboxylic acid
Authors: Labudda Olga , Wierzba Tomasz , Sobolewski Dariusz , Kowalczyk Wioleta , Śleszyńska MAłgorzata , Gawiński Łukasz , Plackova Marketa , Slaninová Jiřina , Prahl Adam 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA sterically constrained non‐coded amino acid, 1‐aminocyclopentane‐1‐carboxylic acid (Apc), was introduced in position 7 or 8 of the bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor antagonist, [D‐Arg0, Hyp3, Thi5, 8, D‐Phe7]BK, previously synthesized by Stewart's group. This modification is believed to reduce the flexibility of the peptides, thereby forcing the peptide backbone and side chains to adopt specific orientations. Apc substitution was combined with acylation of the N‐terminus with 1‐adamantaneacetic acid (Aaa). The activity of four new analogues was assayed in isolated rat uterus and in rat blood pressure tests. The results clearly demonstrated that the Apc residue inserted in position 7 led to a reduction of antagonistic properties in the rat uterus assay or even restored the agonism in the blood pressure test, whereas Apc at position 8 enhanced antagonistic potency in both the tests. In both cases, acylation of the N‐terminus led to the enhancement of the antagonistic potency. On the basis of these findings, new potent and selective B2 blockers might be designed. Copyright © 2006 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, characterization and hybridization studies of new nucleo‐γ‐peptides based on diaminobutyric acid
Authors: Roviello G. N. , Moccia M. , Sapio R. , Valente M. , Bucci E. M. , Castiglione M. , Pedone C. , Perretta G. , Benedetti E. , Musumeci D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn the present work, we report the synthesis and the characterization of a new chiral nucleoaminoacid, in which a diaminobutyric moiety is connected to the DNA nucleobase by an amidic bond, and its oligomerization to give the corresponding nucleo‐γ‐peptide. The ability of this synthetic polymer to bind complementary DNA was studied in order to explore its possible use in antigene/antisense or diagnostic applications. Our interest in the presented DNA analogue was also supported by the importance of γ‐aminoacid‐containing compounds in natural products of biological activity and by the known stability of γ‐peptides to enzymatic degradation. Furthermore, our work could contribute to the study of the role of nucleopeptides as prebiotic material in a PNA world that could successively lead to the actual DNA/RNA/protein world, as recently assumed. Copyright © 2006 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High pressure Raman study of DyPO4 at room and low temperatures
Authors: Kontos A. G. , Stavrou E. , Malamos V. , Raptis Y. S. , Raptis C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Raman spectra of DyPO4, under variable hydrostatic pressure at room‐ and low‐temperature (110 K), have been studied. Crossing, with increasing pressure, of two modes in the frequency range of the internal‐external border, is observed and discussed. At low temperature, the pressure dependence of the three highest‐frequency internal modes is monitored, which exhibit a (dω /dP)‐slope differing, well beyond the experimental error, from the corresponding room temperature slopes. At room temperature, all the expected modes are observed and are divided in two distinct groups on a “logarithmic derivative” vs. “peak‐frequency” graph. This division is discussed in terms of the internal‐external mode‐character. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of 384‐well formatted sample preparation technologies for regulated bioanalysis
Authors: Chang Min S. , Kim Elaine J. , El‐Shourbagy Tawakol A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe capabilities and limitations of 384‐well formatted sample preparation technologies applied to regulated bioanalysis were evaluated by developing two assays for the simultaneous quantitation of lopinavir and ritonavir, the active ingredients of Kaletra. One method used liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE), and the other used solid‐phase extraction (SPE). The steps and apparatuses employed by the two methods covered most of those used for bioanalysis. Briefly, the previously validated 96‐well formatted assays were adapted to the 384‐format with minor modifications. Because the wells of a 384‐well plate are clustered together, cross‐contamination between adjacent wells was evaluated critically, along with sensitivity, assay throughput, and ruggedness. Samples (35 µL) containing plasma samples (15 µL), internal standard (10 µL), and sodium carbonate (0.5 M, 10 µL to basify the sample) were placed in a 384‐well microtiter plate that may contain saquinavir or amprenavir as contamination markers. For LLE preparation, the samples were placed in a deep 384‐well plate (300‐µL well volume) and extracted with 150 µL of ethyl acetate. Approximately 50 µL of the extracts were removed from each well after phase separation for analysis. For SPE preparation, the fortified samples were transferred to a 384‐formatted SPE plate (C18, 5 mg packing). The extracts were eluted from the plate with basified 2‐propanol. The LLE or SPE extracts were dried and reconstituted for column‐switching high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection (HPLC/MS/MS). The lower limit of quantitation and the assay range were the same as the 96‐well formatted assay. If combined with appropriate automation, sample preparation in the 384‐well format would be up to five times more efficient than the 96‐well format. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct MS/MS analysis in mammalian tissue sections using MALDI‐QIT‐TOFMS and chemical inkjet technology
Authors: Shimma Shuichi , Furuta Masaru , Ichimura Katsuhiko , Yoshida Yoshikazu , Setou Mitsutoshi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMass spectrometry on 2D samples is known as imaging mass spectrometry, which enables us to visualize molecular distribution on a tissue surface. This technology has been developed using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometers (MALDI‐TOFMS). However, it is difficult to determine constituents of interested regions on the tissue sections. We developed the methodology to overcome this problem. We designated it on‐tissue digestion. It is performed with the chemical inkjet technology to apply enzymes and the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐quadrupole ion trap‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometer (MALDI‐QIT‐TOFMS) to identify molecules directly on the tissue surface. This technique provided us with a tool for an in‐depth understanding of composites of biostructures, especially proteins. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Size analysis of water cluster ions and their irradiation effects on solid surfaces
Authors: Takaoka Gikan H. , Nakayama Kazuya , Noguchi Hidetaka , Kawashita Masakazu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis article reports the development of a liquid cluster ion source. When water vapor was injected through a nozzle into a high‐vacuum region, water clusters were produced at vapor pressures greater than 1 atm. The size of the water cluster ions was measured by the time‐of‐flight (TOF) method, and it was distributed between a few hundreds and a few tens of thousands of molecules. The intensity of the water cluster ions increased with increase of the vapor pressure, and the peak size was about 2500 molecules per cluster. The effects of irradiation by water cluster ions on solid surfaces such as Si(100) and SiO2 surfaces were investigated. The sputtered depth of the Si and SiO2 surfaces increased with increase of the acceleration voltage, and the SiO2 surfaces were sputtered more than the Si surfaces. The sputtering yields at an acceleration voltage of 9 kV were 17.8 atoms per ion for Si and 17.1 molecules per ion for SiO2, which were approximately ten times larger than that for Ar monomer ion irradiation. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) measurement showed that the number of displacement atoms for irradiation by water cluster ions on the Si surfaces at ion doses larger than 1 × 1015 ions/cm2 was less than that for Ar monomer ion irradiation at the same acceleration voltage. In addition, the ellipsometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements showed that the thickness of the oxide layer formed on the Si surface increased with increase of the acceleration voltage, and it was between 10 nm and 15 nm at an acceleration voltage of 9 kV. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion beam analysis of dependence of the D–H replacement speed on trivalent impurity concentration in D‐implanted oxide ceramics exposed to H2O vapor at room temperature
Authors: Morita Kenji , Tsuchiya Bun , Nagata Shinji , Katahira Koji 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe speed of D–H replacement in D‐implanted BaCe1−XYXO3−δ and SrCe1−XYbXO3−δ, exposed to H2O vapor at room temperature has been studied as a function of X by use of the ERD technique with 1.7 MeV He+ ion beam. The decay curve of D and growth curve of H in the specimens have been measured as a function of exposure time, and the decay constants of D, namely the D–H replacement speeds, have been obtained by fitting the experimental curves to the theoretical curves of D decay and H growth, which are derived from the mass balance equations described on the one‐way diffusion model for the D–H replacement: absorption of H+ due to splitting of H2O physisorbed at the surface, diffusion of H+ and emission of D implanted in the traps as HD molecule due to bulk recombination of H+ and subsequent trapping of H+ in the vacant trap.It is found for both specimens that the decay constants of D, proportional to the absorption coefficient and the molecular formation coefficient of HD, increase, and after a maximum at X = 0.05–0.1 decrease as X increases, and the absolute experimental values for BaCe1−XYXO3−δ are larger almost by an order of magnitude than those of SrCe1−XYbXO3−δ. These experimental results are discussed in terms of the one‐way diffusion model on D–H replacement and water splitting model at the surface. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the understanding and the optimization of ToF‐SIMS depth profiles by cosputtering cesium and xenon
Authors: Brison J. , Houssiau L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this work, the ToF‐SIMS depth profiles of a gold layer deposited on a bare silicon wafer were studied by cosputtering cesium and xenon. Firstly, a pure cesium depth profile was measured and the transient region at the interface between the gold layer and the silicon substrate was investigated. Secondly, several depth profiles of the Au layer were performed with varying cesium beam concentrations and the intensities of the positive signals (i.e. Au+, Si+, CsAu+, CsSi+, Cs2+, etc.) were monitored. The intensities of the signals were plotted with respect to the cesium surface concentration and were modeled according to the tunneling model. The study of these curves permitted us to understand and to optimize the ToF‐SIMS depth profile of the Au/Si system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic and mechanical properties of MoS2‐Ix nanotubes and Mo6SxIy nanowires
Authors: Hassanien A. , Leintschnig G. , Mrzel A. , Tokumoto M. , Kataura H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe present scanning probe microscopy investigations of metal dichalcogenide nanotubes and wires (MDNW) in order to explore their structure and electronic properties. Local spectroscopy shows that the electronic properties are very sensitive to the stoichiometry of the nanowires, which can be controlled by adjusting the synthesis conditions. Unlike their carbon counterparts, MDNW can be fabricated to yield mainly single‐phase material, which makes their use as devices more feasible. In addition, we find also remarkable mechanical properties, where the molecules can be cut, recombined or deformed without any loss of structural integrity. We demonstrate this by mechanically deforming Mo6SxIy nanowires to highly strained configurations without causing irreversible changes to their structures. The rupturing and/or welding process of these nanowires, using AFM manipulation, shows that the molecules stretch to more than 30% of their relaxed configuration before plastic deformation occurs. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of metal nano‐wires on heat‐treated substrates using an ultrahigh vacuum transmission electron microscope
Authors: Tanaka M. , Wagner T. , Takeguchi M. , Han M. , Shimojo M. , Mitsuishi K. , Furuya K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFormation of metal nano‐islands on heat‐treated substrates by either conventional deposition or by electron beam–induced chemical vapour deposition (EBI‐CVD) was performed at elevated temperatures in an ultrahigh vacuum transmission electron microscope (UHV‐TEM). Pd islands on SrTiO3 (001) substrates, Pd silicide islands on Si (111) substrates, and Fe silicide islands on Si (111) substrates showed bimodal island growth; both substrates blocked islands and nano‐wires. The morphologies of these islands are suggested to be sensitive to the substrate conditions because of heat treatment before deposition. Selective growth of the nano‐wires was successful in the case of EBI‐CVD. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface structures of Ni2P (0001)—scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low‐energy electron diffraction (LEED) characterizations
Authors: Moula Md. Golam , Suzuki Shushi , Chun Wang‐Jae , Otani Shigeki , Oyama S. Ted , Asakura Kiyotaka 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Ni2P (0001) single crystal surface was characterized by low‐energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to determine the atomic‐scale structure of the surface. LEED patterns revealed the presence of a sharp (1 × 1) structure and a reconstructed structure (2/3 × 2/3), while STM measurements showed only a well‐ordered (1 × 1) hexagonal structure. We found that the reconstructed (2/3 × 2/3) structure might be related to a Ni rearrangement that maintains the phosphorus (1 × 1) structure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of the electron‐stimulated desorption of positive ions from NaCl‐type alkali chloride thin films
Authors: Markowski Leszek 
Published: November 2006

AbstractElectron‐stimulated desorption of positive ions from thin layers of alkali chlorides deposited onto Si(111) are investigated by the time‐of‐flight (TOF) technique. All the experiments have been performed under the same experimental conditions, using very low electron current densities for which the obtained data are not distorted by the charging‐up effect, which in consequence allows a direct comparison of the relative ion yields, the kinetic‐energy distributions of emitted chlorine and alkali ions, and their isotope effects. The determined isotope effect of the chlorine (35Cl+/37Cl+) desorption yield appears to be independent of the alkali component mass and its values are 1.21 ± 0.02, 1.297 ± 0.005, 1.23 ± 0.02, and 1.24 ± 0.05 for LiCl, NaCl, KCl, and RbCl, respectively. On the other hand, the chlorine ion emission yields and average kinetic energies of the ions increase with increasing mass of the alkali component, which suggests that the lattice relaxation processes influence the desorption process. The most probable kinetic energies of 35Cl+ are 0.7, 1.4, 1.7, and 2.3 eV for LiCl, NaCl, KCl, and RbCl, respectively. The observed isotope effect for alkali ions decreases somewhat with increasing ion mass. The respective values are 1.282 ± 0.004, 1.04 ± 0.02, and 1.07 ± 0.02 for 6Li+/7Li+, 39K+/41K+, and 85Rb+/87Rb+. The alkali ion emission yield tends at first to increase with mass, reaching a maximum for potassium, but then for rubidium the yield drops to the value almost the same as for lithium. The desorption yields of alkali ions appear to be correlated with their most probable kinetic energies, which are 1.4, 1.1, 1.8, and 1.5 eV for 7Li+, 23Na+, 39K+, and 85Rb+, respectively. The obtained results and the role of the different parameters are discussed in view of possible mechanisms and processes involved in chlorine ion desorption. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoelectron angular distribution of 2H‐NbSe2 studied by a display‐type spherical mirror analyzer and circularly polarized light
Authors: Guo Fangzhun , Matsushita Tomohiro , Matui Fumihiko , Kato Yukako , Daimon Hiroshi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPhotoelectron angular distributions (PEAD) of 2H‐NbSe2 were studied by using a display‐type spherical mirror analyzer (DIANA) and circularly polarized light. Forward focusing peaks in a wide acceptance angle of ± 60° are clearly observed. The forward focusing peaks in the two PEAD patterns taken with clockwise (cw) and counterclockwise (ccw) circularly polarized light show the three‐dimensional atomic arrangements around specific atoms. Three‐dimensional atomic arrangements up to at least the third nearest‐neighbor layer atoms upon the Nb layer were observed. The characteristic of this experimental method is the full application of the forward focusing peak rotation due to the exciting circularly polarized light. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dependence of surface effects in photoelectron and Auger electron angular distribution on glancing incidence of X rays
Authors: Zhang Z. M. , Chen T. , Shimizu R. , Yoshikawa H. , Koshikawa T. , Ding Z. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOn the basis of a dielectric function model, we considered the dependence of the surface excitation parameter (SEP) on incidence angle of X rays and derived a simple expression for the angular distribution of photoelectrons and Auger electrons including all surface effects. By applying the incidence‐angle‐dependent SEP, the discrepancy between experimental and theoretical results for the glancing incidence case was improved, and the modified theoretical result agrees with the experimental measurements. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced diffusion of boron in silicon by cw CO2 laser irradiation
Authors: Yamada‐Kaneta H. , Tanahashi K. , Kakimoto K. , Suto S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe investigated the diffusion of boron (B) by the irradiation with cw CO2 laser light. The enhanced diffusion of B was observed by irradiating with the laser light during annealing in Ar/O2 ambient. We found that irradiation with laser light had the effect of enhancement on the growth of the oxide layer. The possible mechanism is that the excess self‐interstitials injected by oxidation at the laser‐irradiated point enhance the diffusion of B. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dependence of depth resolution on primary energy of low‐energy Ar+ Ions (100–1000 eV) in AES sputter depth profiling of GaAs/AlAs superlattice
Authors: Bungo T. , Nagatomi T. , Takai Y. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe dependence of the depth resolution on the primary energy of low‐energy Ar+ ions in Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) sputter depth profiling of an ISO reference material GaAs/AlAs superlattice was investigated for the ion incidence angle of 50° from the sample surface normal. The depth resolution was found to improve as the square root of the primary energy of the ions as the primary energy decreased from 1000 to 200 eV. In contrast, a deterioration of the depth resolution was observed at 100 eV, which was induced by the difference in the etching rates between GaAs and AlAs and preferential sputtering. Further investigation of AES sputter depth profiling under irradiation of 100‐eV Ar+ ions at the incident angle of 70° revealed that the difference in the etching rate and preferential sputtering could be suppressed by changing the incident angle from 50° to 70° , leading to a depth resolution of ∼1.3 nm with 100 eV. The present results confirmed that glancing incidence is effective in achieving higher depth resolution from the point of view of the reduction of not only atomic mixing but also the difference in the etching rates and preferential sputtering. Careful attention is required for optimizing conditions of low‐energy ion irradiation in sputter depth profiling using the GaAs/AlAs reference material. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐space visualization of the phase transition of the In/Si(111) system
Authors: Lee Geunseop 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLow‐energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) were used to investigate the temperature‐induced phase transition of a room‐temperature 4 × 1 (4 × 1‐RT) phase of the In/Si(111) surface to a low‐temperature 8 × 2 (8 × 2‐LT) phase. Upon cooling, dark, one‐dimensional (1D) stripes appear inhomogeneously within the 4 × 1‐RT phase at temperatures above a transition temperature (Tc), coalesce to form two‐dimensional (2D) islands, and the overall surface finally transforms into the 8 × 2‐LT phase below Tc. The local current–voltage spectroscopy reveals that the dark 1D stripes inherit the nature of the low‐temperature phase, distinguishing it from the defect‐induced period‐doubling modulations. The fluctuations of the 1D stripes are observed in successive STM images. The presence of defects suppresses the 1D fluctuations, while it is obstructive to the 2D condensation of the LT phase below Tc. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.