bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative trait loci underlying the development of seed composition in soybean (Glycine maxL. Merr.)
Authors: Li Wenbin , Sun Desheng , Du Yuping , Chen Qingshan , Zhang Zhongchen , Qiu Lijuan , Sun Genlou 
Published: November 2007

One hundred and forty-three F2:7recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from the cross of soybean cultivars ‘Charleston’ and ‘Dongnong 594’ were analyzed for the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying protein or oil content at 6 different developmental stages by composite interval mapping with a mixed genetic model. The genotype × environment (G × E) interactions of the QTLs were also evaluated. Nineteen (2004) and 33 (2005) unconditional QTLs underlying seed protein or oil content at the different developmental stages were mapped onto 8 and 9 linkage groups, respectively. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by these QTLs ranged from 6.26% to 30.52% and from 5.38% to 28.47%, respectively. Fourteen (2004) and 21 (2005) conditional QTLs underlying seed protein or oil content were mapped onto 5 and 8 linkage groups, respectively. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by these QTLs ranged from 2.97% to 29.68% and from 5.42% to 31.96%, respectively. The numbers and types of QTLs and the genetic effect for the two traits were different at each developmental stage. However, several genomic regions that simultaneously control the development of both traits were detected. The genetic effect on protein content and oil content was opposite for loci in the marker interval Satt335–SSatt334, reflecting a negative correlation of protein content and oil content. A G × E interaction effect of some QTLs underlying protein or oil content at different growth periods was observed.
Conserved synteny of genes between chromosome 15 of Bombyx mori and a chromosome of Manduca sexta shown by five-color BAC-FISH
Authors: Sahara Ken , Yoshido Atsuo , Marec František , Fuková Iva , Zhang Hong-Bin , Wu Cheng-Cang , Goldsmith Marian R. , Yasukochi Yuji 
Published: November 2007

The successful assignment of the existing genetic linkage groups (LGs) to individual chromosomes and the second-generation linkage map obtained by mapping a large number of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs in the silkworm, Bombyx mori , together with public nucleotide sequence databases, offer a powerful tool for the study of synteny between karyotypes of B. mori and other lepidopteran species. Conserved synteny of genes between particular chromosomes can be identified by comparatively mapping orthologous genes of the corresponding linkage groups with the help of BAC-FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization). This technique was established in B. mori for 2 differently labeled BAC probes simultaneously hybridized to pachytene bivalents. To achieve higher-throughput comparative mapping using BAC-FISH in Lepidoptera, we developed a protocol for five-color BAC-FISH, which allowed us to map simultaneously 6 different BAC probes to chromosome 15 in B. mori. We identified orthologs of 6 B. mori LG15 genes (RpP0, RpS8, eIF3, RpL7A, RpS23, and Hsc70) for the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta , and selected the ortholog-containing BAC clones from an M. sexta BAC library. All 6 M. sexta BAC clones hybridized to a single M. sexta bivalent in pachytene spermatocytes. Thus, we have confirmed the conserved synteny between the B. mori chromosome 15 and the corresponding M. sexta chromosome (hence provisionally termed chromosome 15).
Proanthocyanidin promotes free radical-scavenging activity in muscle tissues and plasma
Authors: Masuda Kazumi , Hori Tatsuya , Tanabe Kai , Kano Yutaka , Hirayama Aki , Nagase Sohji 
Published: November 2007

The present study was carried out to clarify the effect of oral administration of proanthocyanidin (PA) on radical-scavenging activity in muscle and plasma using electron spin resonance (ESR). Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were orally administered with 3 doses per day of 1 mL of 0.05% (PA0.05), 0.5% (PA0.5) or 5% (PA5) PA for 1 week. Control animals received the same volume of distilled water. We also examined the effect of a single dose of 0.5% PA. Blood and muscle were collected from rats 1 h after the final administration. Scavenging activity against superoxide anions in the plasma and m. soleus (Sol), m. plantaris (Pla), deep and surface areas of the m. gastrocnemius (GasD and GasS, respectively) and myocardium (Hrt) was determined using ESR with the spin trap, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide The scavenging activity in plasma for all groups given PA was 34%–44% higher than the control (p < 0.05). The scavenging activity in Hrt, Sol and GasD increased by up to 50% compared with the control and tended to increase depending on the dose of PA (p < 0.05). The impact of a single dose of PA was undetectable in all tissues. These results suggested that 1 week of oral PA improves the radical-scavenging activity in both plasma and muscle, especially in highly oxidative muscle. A single dose of PA was insufficient to improve the antioxidative capacity of muscle tissues.
The physical activity counselling (PAC) randomized controlled trial: rationale, methods, and interventions
Authors: Fortier Michelle S. , Hogg William , O’Sullivan Tracey L. , Blanchard Christopher , Reid Robert D. , Sigal Ronald J. , Boulay Pierre , Doucet Eric , Sweet Shane , Bisson Étienne , Beaulac Julie 
Published: November 2007

Primary care is a promising venue to build patient motivation and confidence to increase physical activity (PA). Physician PA counselling has demonstrated some success; however, maintenance of behaviour change appears to require more intensive interventions. In reality, most physicians do not have the necessary training nor the time for this type of counselling. The purpose of this paper is to outline the rationale, methods, and interventions for the ongoing physical activity counselling (PAC) randomized controlled trial (RCT), which aims to assess the impact of integrating a PA counsellor into a primary care practice. This RCT has 2 arms: (i) brief PA counselling (2–4 min) from a health care provider and (ii) brief PA counselling + intensive PA counselling from a PA counsellor (3 months). The impact of this intervention is being evaluated using the comprehensive RE-AIM framework. One hundred twenty insufficiently active adult patients, aged 18 to 69 y and recruited during regular primary care visits have been randomized. Dependent measures include psychological mediators, PA participation, quality of life, and physical and metabolic outcomes. The PAC project represents an innovative, theoretically-based approach to promoting PA in primary care, focusing on psychological mediators of change. We anticipate that key lessons from this study will be useful for shaping future public health interventions, theories, and research.
Specific inspiratory muscle warm-up enhances badminton footwork performance
Authors: Lin Hua , Tong Tom Kwokkeung , Huang Chuanye , Nie Jinlei , Lu Kui , Quach Binh 
Published: November 2007

The effects of inspiratory muscle (IM) warm-up on IM function and on the maximum distance covered in a subsequent incremental badminton-footwork test (FWmax) were examined. Ten male badminton players were recruited to perform identical tests in three different trials in a random order. The control trial did not involve an IM warm-up, whereas the placebo and experimental trials did involve an IM warm-up consisting of two sets of 30-breath manoeuvres with an inspiratory pressure-threshold load equivalent to 15% (PLA) and 40% (IMW) maximum inspiratory mouth pressure, respectively. In the IMW trial, IM function was improved with 7.8% ± 4.0% and 6.9% ± 3.5% increases from control found in maximal inspiratory pressure at zero flow (P0) and maximal rate of P0 development (MRPD), respectively (p < 0.05). FWmax was enhanced 6.8% ± 3.7%, whereas the slope of the linear relationship of the increase in the rating of perceived breathlessness for every minute (RPB/min) was reduced (p < 0.05). Reduction in blood lactate ([La–]b) accumulation was observed when the test duration was identical to that of the control trial (P < 0.05). In the PLA trial, no parameter was changed from control. For the changes (Δ) in parameters in IMW (n = 10), negative correlations were found between ΔP0 and ΔRPB/min (r2 = 0.58), ΔMRPD and ΔRPB/min (r2 = 0.48), ΔRPB/min, and ΔFWmax (r2 = 0.55), but not between Δ[La–]b accumulation and ΔFWmax. Such findings suggest that the IM-specific warm-up improved footwork performance in the subsequent maximum incremental badminton-footwork test. The improved footwork was partly attributable to the reduced breathless sensation resulting from the enhanced IM function, whereas the contribution of the concomitant reduction in [La–]b accumulation was relatively minor.
Gender comparisons of exercise-induced oxidative stress: influence of antioxidant supplementation
Authors: Goldfarb Allan H. , McKenzie Michael J. , Bloomer Richard J. 
Published: November 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of gender and antioxidant supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Twenty-five men and 23 women ran for 30 min at 80% VO2 max, once before and once after 2 weeks of supplementation, and again after a 1-week wash-out period. Subjects were randomly assigned to either placebo (P), antioxidant (A: 400 IU vitamin E + 1 g vitamin C), or a fruit and vegetable powder (FV) treatment. Blood was obtained at rest and immediately after exercise. Before supplementation, women had higher resting reduced glutathione, total glutathione, and plasma vitamin E compared with men. With both A and FV supplementations, plasma vitamin E gender differences disappeared. Protein carbonyls, oxidized glutathione, and malondialdehyde all increased similarly for both genders in response to exercise. Both A and FV attenuated the reduced glutathione decrease and the oxidized glutathione and protein carbonyls increase compared with P, with no gender differences. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine was lower with treatment A compared with FV and P only for men. Plasma vitamin C increased 39% (A) and 21% (FV) compared with P. These data indicate that women have higher resting antioxidant levels than men. Markers of oxidative stress increased similarly in both genders in response to exercise of similar intensity and duration. Two weeks of antioxidant supplementation can attenuate exercise-induced oxidative stress equally in both genders.
Canada’s physical activity guides: has their release had an impact?This article is part of a supplement entitled Advancing physical activity measurement and guidelines in Canada: a scientific review and evidence-based foundation for the future of Canadian physical activity guidelines co-published by Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism and the Canadian Journal of Public Health. It may be cited as Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 32(Suppl. 2E) or as Can. J. Public Health 98(Suppl. 2).
Authors: Cameron Christine , Craig Cora L. , Bull Fiona C. , Bauman Adrian 
Published: November 2007

The purpose of this paper is to examine the reach of different versions of Canada’s physical activity guide (CPAG) and their impacts, including immediate effects (awareness, knowledge, beliefs, future intention to be active, first steps towards behavioural change) and population levels of physical activity. The analysis is based on eligible adults aged 18 years and older (n = 8,892) included in the 2003 Physical Activity Monitor (PAM) survey. The 2003 PAM was a cross-sectional, telephone interview of a representative population sample. Secular trends of Canadians aged 12 years and older were examined, using representative samples from the National Population Health and Canadian Community Health Surveys. Unprompted recall of any guidelines for physical activity was very low (4%), whereas prompted recall of the CPAG was higher (37%). Unprompted and prompted recall were higher among women and high-income earners, and increased with level of education. Behaviours associated with “seeking information” and “initiating action” were associated with unprompted and prompted recall. Beliefs about the benefits of physical activity and intention to be active were also associated with prompted recall. Unprompted CPAG recall, knowledge about the amount of activity required to meet the CPAG, intention to be active, “seeking information”, and “initiating action” were associated with being “sufficiently active”. The CPAG is an appropriate set of public health guidelines or recommendations around physical activity. The low unprompted recall rate points to the need for a coordinated, well-funded approach to communication of these guidelines, involving governmental and non-governmental partners and intermediaries in municipalities, schools, workplaces, and the recreational, public health, and health-care systems.
Excitation pressure regulates the activation energy for recombination events in the photosystem II reaction centres ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Pocock Tessa , Sane P. V. , Falk S. , Hüner N. P.A. 
Published: November 2007

Using in vivo thermoluminescence, we examined the effects of growth irradiance and growth temperature on charge recombination events in photosystem II reaction centres of the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We report that growth at increasing irradiance at either 29 or 15 °C resulted in comparable downward shifts in the temperature peak maxima (TM) for S2QB–charge pair recombination events, with minimal changes in S2QA–recombination events. This indicates that such growth conditions decrease the activation energy required for S2QB–charge pair recombination events with no concomitant change in the activation energy for S2QA–recombination events. This resulted in a decrease in the ΔTMbetween S2QA–and S2QB–recombination events, which was reversible when shifting cells from low to high irradiance and back to low irradiance at 29 °C. We interpret these results to indicate that the redox potential of QBwas modulated independently of QA, which consequently narrowed the redox potential gap between QAand QBin photosystem II reaction centres. Since a decrease in the ΔTMbetween S2QA–and S2QB–recombination events correlated with growth at increasing excitation pressure, we conclude that acclimation to growth under high excitation pressure narrows the redox potential gap between QAand QBin photosystem II reaction centres, enhancing the probability for reaction center quenching in C. reinhardtii. We discuss the molecular basis for the modulation of the redox state of QB, and suggest that the potential for reaction center quenching complements antenna quenching via the xanthophyll cycle in the photoprotection of C. reinhardtii from excess light.
A geometric approach to monitoring threshold functions over distributed data streams
Authors: Sharfman Izchak , Schuster Assaf , Keren Daniel 
Published: November 2007

Monitoring data streams in a distributed system is the focus of much research in recent years. Most of the proposed schemes, however, deal with monitoring simple aggregated values, such as the frequency of appearance of items in the streams. More involved challenges, such as the important task of feature selection (e.g., by monitoring the information gain of various features), still require very high communication overhead using naive, centralized algorithms.
We present a novel geometric approach which reduces monitoring the value of a function (vis-à-vis a threshold) to a set of constraints applied locally on each of the streams. The constraints are used to locally filter out data increments that do not affect the monitoring outcome, thus avoiding unnecessary communication. As a result, our approach enables monitoring of arbitrary threshold functions over distributed data streams in an efficient manner.
We present experimental results on real-world data which demonstrate that our algorithms are highly scalable, and considerably reduce communication load in comparison to centralized algorithms.
Mobile IP and the IETF
Authors: Perkins Charles E. 
Published: November 2007

At the 43rd IETF mobile-ip working group meeting in Orlando, there were a number of new developments of importance. In fact, the meeting was much too short to actually do justice to the list of subjects, and we could have made good use of a second working group meeting. The following topics were covered:
• private addresses
• Cellular IP, regionalized registration
• Ericsson's telephony requirements draft
• Mobile IPv6
• RAT
• mobile PPP/L2TP
Interracial Outposts in Siberia: Nerchinsk, Kiakhta, and the Russo-Chinese Trade in the Seventeenth/Eighteenth Centuries
Authors: Stolberg Eva-Maria 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis essay underlines the essential role of Russo-Chinese border trade in the creation of the multiethnic identity of Siberian outposts such as Nerchinsk and Kiakhta. In the seventeenth/early eighteenth century-under Tsar Peter the Great-Siberia became a meeting place for Russian, Central Asian and Chinese cultures. Furthermore, the Russo-Chinese trade was an important parameter of European economic expansion. Europe and the Far East met territorially only along the Eurasian frontier between Siberia and the Manchu Empire. Profitable trade, however, experienced a severe decline in the 1720s. Peter I's rigid fiscal policy choked off private initiative and prevented Siberia from becoming a major commercial entrepot between the West and East.
Tambaram: the West African Experience
Authors: Ludwig Frieder 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTambaram 1938, held near Madras in South India, was the first conference of the International Missionary Council in which a significant number of Africans took part. It offered, therefore, a unique opportunity for the fifteen delegates from the continent. For the first time, West Africans exchanged views with South Africans about African Independent Churches, for the first time, they discussed issues such as the tolerance of polygamy in an international setting. The Africans were impressed by the efforts towards church union in India and by Gandhi's national movement. This article describes the experiences of three of the West African delegates, Alexander Babatunde Akinycle (Nigeria), Moses Odutola Dada (Nigeria) and Christian Goncalves Baeta (Gold Coast/Ghana). Baëta subsequently made a very significant contribution to West African Christianity as a church leader, theologian and academic.
Tempora Et Mores: Family Values and the Possessions of a Post-Apartheid Countryside
Authors: White Hylton 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper examines a set of ritual responses to the challenges that post-apartheid South Africa's political economy poses to projects of domestic reproduction in the former Bantustan countryside of Zululand, where unemployment has limited the capacities of young men to create marital households. In the case study on which the paper is based, one such man's misfortunes are connected by divination to the spirit of an older kinsman who disappeared while working as a labor migrant. I argue that this connection and the rituals meant to confront it turn on fraught symbolic relations between the present and two pasts: the past of apartheid migrancy and a projected past of custom. Like the ghosts by which they are manifest, these times trouble domestic life in the present because of contradictory developments forcing unemployed migrants back on the values of private spheres while they undermine the bases of rural households.
Philosophie Und Physik Zwischen Notwendigem Und Hypothetischem Wissen Zur Wissenstheoretischen Bestimmung Der Physik in Der Philosophia Des Wilhelm Von Conches
Authors: Niederberger Andreas , Fidora Alexander 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA number of studies have investigated how the renewed interest in Plato's Timaeus led twelfth-century natural philosophers to take a growing interest in the material aspects of nature. By contrast, the implications of the resulting theories for the development of scientific knowledge have so far received but scant attention. But, as is shown in this paper, William of Conches, one of the most important natural philosophers of that age, not only broadened the material understanding of nature in his early text Philosophia, but also introduced a systematic distinction between the particular validity claims of philosophy and of physics. As we demonstrate, this distinction allowed for the formation of different disciplines, each having its particular methodology and explanatory force. Thus philosophy and physics could consider the same object, viz. the generation of the world, under the different and partly even contradictory perspectives of divine creation and the nature(s) of beings. This article analyzes the range of application of this distinction and its systematic consequences for the study of nature (e.g. the elements) as well as its importance for the elaboration of a theory of knowledge.
Nutaf Min Al-ΗΙYal: a Partial Arabic Version of Pseudo-Aristotle's Problemata Mechanica
Authors: Abattouy Mohammed 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article investigates the Arabic tradition of the Problemata Mechanica, a Greek text of mechanics ascribed to Aristotle, of which it has often been said that Arabic classical culture had been ignorant of it. Against this prevailed claim, it is shown that the Arabo-Muslim scholars had access to the text at least in the form of an abridged version entitled Nutaf min al-iyal edited by al-Khāzinī (twelfth century) in Kitāb mīzān al-ikma (Book of the Balance of Wisdom). The article includes the critical edition of the Arabic text of the Nutaf on the basis of the two extant manuscripts and its English translation. Finally, the mechanical theory in the Nutaf is characterized briefly.
Time and Motion in Walter Burley's Late Expositio On Aristotle's Physics
Authors: Dekker Dirk-Jan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWalter Burley (1274/75-1344/45) is mostly known for his defense of realism against William of Ockham. The concept of time that he developed in his late literal commentary on Aristotle's Physics has even been labelled 'extremely realistic,' in contrast to William of Ockham's so-called 'extremely subjectivistic' alternative. However, as is shown in this article, when Burley's concept of time is viewed against the background of medieval theories of time, it appears that it is mainly a restatement and further elaboration of opinions held by Averroes. A detailed investigation of Burley's explanation of the reality, definition, and unicity of time, as well as of the relation between time and the intellective soul shows that his realism is certainly far less extreme than it has been believed.
Paracelsianism and the Orthodox Lutheran Rejection of Vital Philosophy in Early Seventeenth-Century Denmark
Authors: Shackelford Jole 
Published: November 2007

AbstractParacelsian medicine and natural philosophy was formed during the Radical Reformation and incorporated metaphysical propositions that were incompatible with the Lutheran confession as codified in the Confessio Augustana and elaborated in the ultra-orthodox Formula of Concord. Although Paracelsian ideas and practices were endorsed by important philosophers and physicians in late-sixteenth century Denmark without raising serious alarm, the imposition of strict Lutheran orthodoxy in the Danish Church and a concomitant resurgence of Aristotelian philosophy drew attention to the religious heterodoxies inherent in Paracelsianism. Unacceptable theological and religious propositions, which reached Denmark in Rosicrucian texts and were implicit in certain medical and philosophical treatises, were in many cases inseparable from core Paracelsian concepts, with the result that Danish academic philosophers, physicians, and theologians rejected Paracelsian ideas except where they could be accommodated to acceptable Galenic and Aristotelian interpretations. When this was done, such ideas are arguably no longer Paracelsian in any meaningful way.