bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large mycotic aneurysm of the peroneal artery
Authors: Albayrak Ramazan , Saglam Hayrettin , Emmıler Mustafa , Degırmencı Bumin , Sahın Onder 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe describe the case of a 37‐year‐old patient with mycotic aneurysm of the right peroneal artery associated with episodes of endocarditis. There are only 7 cases of mycotic aneurysms of the crural arteries reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a mycotic aneurysm of the peroneal artery in an adult. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007.
Diffuse leukoencephalopathy: Unusual sonographic finding in an infant with mitochondrial disease
Authors: Hung Po‐Cheng , Wang Huei‐Shyong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeveral mitochondrial diseases are known to occasionally involve the cerebral white matter, but in these cases the major findings are involved in the basal ganglia and brainstem. We report a case of diffuse white matter involvement in an infant with mitochondrial disease that was diagnosed via mitochondrial DNA analysis. Mitochondrial disease should be considered in the diagnosis of diffuse leukoencephalopathy in infancy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Synthesis and in vivo evaluation in mice of [123I]‐(4‐fluorophenyl)[1‐(3‐iodophenethyl)piperidin‐4‐yl]methanone as a potential SPECT‐tracer for the serotonin 5‐HT2A receptor
Authors: Blanckaert P. , Burvenich I. , Devos F. , Slegers G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis work reports the synthesis, radiolabelling and in vivo evaluation in NMRI mice of [123I]‐(4‐fluorophenyl)[1‐(3‐iodophenethyl)piperidin‐4‐yl]methanone ([123I]‐3‐I‐CO) as a potential SPECT tracer for the 5‐HT2A receptor. The tributylstannylprecursor was synthesized with a 15% overall yield. Radiolabelling was performed using an electrophilic iododestannylation with yields of 85%. Radiochemical purity was always >95%. Log P was determined to be 3.10±0.10. The tracer showed good uptake in mouse brain (6.3±1.3% ID/g tissue at 10 min p.i., 2±0.36% ID/g tissue at 1 h p.i.). These results warrant further research in larger animals to determine suitability of [123I]‐3‐I‐CO as a 5‐HT2A tracer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expedient synthesis of deuterium‐labelled amides within micro‐reactors
Authors: Hooper Julian , Watts Paul 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe pharmaceutical industry relies heavily on the synthesis of small quantities (10–500 mg) of stable, isotopically labelled compounds in the evaluation of new drug candidates for metabolism studies. As a result of the phenomenal cost of labelled materials even the preparation of small quantities can be extremely expensive.In this paper, for the first time, we report that micro‐reactor technology may be used to prepare stable deuterium‐labelled compounds by conducting all optimization experiments using unlabelled precursors and simply substituting the labelled derivatives once the optimization is complete. Here, we wish to present a simple, general procedure for the synthesis of amides containing isotopic labels demonstrated using [C‐2H3]acetyl chloride 1. The reaction is carried out within a micro‐reactor set‐up which we believe offers superiority over other reported methods viz requiring stoichiometric quantities of reagents, high containment of the system and generality of the technique, obtaining products in high yields. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and deuterium labelling of the pure selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) acolbifene glucuronides
Authors: Sancéau Jean‐Yves , Larouche Denis , Caron Brigitte , Bélanger Patrick , Coquet Agnès , Bélanger Alain , Labrie Fernand , Gauthier Sylvain 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAcolbifene (EM‐652·HCl, SCH 57068·HCl), a highly potent and orally active selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), is at late stage clinical development for the treatment of estrogen‐sensitive breast cancer. Acolbifene‐7‐glucuronide 1 (major) and acolbifene‐4′‐glucuronide 2 (minor) were identified as metabolites of acolbifene in the human. The two monoglucuronides and a diglucuronide 3 as well as the corresponding 2H‐labelled derivatives 4–6 were synthesised for use as preclinical and clinical standards for LC–MS/MS analysis. All glucuronides were prepared by the Schmidt glycosylation of monoprotected acolbifene with a glucuronyl imidate at −10°C to prevent epimerisation at the C‐2 position. The two monoglucuronides 1 and 2 of acolbifene were separated by semi‐preparative HPLC. Incorporation of three deuteriums was achieved by alkylation of chromanone 15 with C2H3MgI followed by dehydration with C2H3CO2 2H/2H2O. After chemical resolution and salt neutralisation, [2H3]acolbifene 19 was obtained with 99.4% enantiomeric purity and >98% isotopic purity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relaxation and susceptibility MRI characteristics in Hallervorden‐Spatz syndrome
Authors: Vinod Desai Sunali , Bindu Parayil Shankaran , Ravishankar Shivasankar , Jayakumar Peruvumba Narayan , Pal Pramod Kumar 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the imaging characteristics of the brain with respect to relaxation and susceptibility in Hallervorden‐Spatz syndrome (HSS), a rare inherited neurodegenerative disorder (also referred to as neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation).Materials and MethodsWe reviewed 13 affected individuals who satisfied the inclusion criteria for HSS. Clinically, the patients were divided into two groups: early‐childhood onset (age of onset before 10 years) and late‐childhood onset (age of onset after 10 years). MRI was performed on 1.5T MR equipment. The imaging protocol included spin‐echo (SE) T1‐weighted (T1W), turbo spin‐echo (TSE) T2W, and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences in all patients. Susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) included a fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) sequence in 10 patients and a blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) sequence in two patients.ResultsAll of the patients showed hyperintensity on T1WI and hypointensity on T2WI in the globus pallidi (GPs) bilaterally. Central or anteromedial hyperintensity was found in all but one patient. FLASH showed augmented hypointensity in 10 patients, and BOLD showed bilateral striatonigral abnormal pigmentation in two patients. MR spectroscopy (MRS) showed normal spectra in four patients, and a reduced NAA/Cho ratio in two.ConclusionMRI showed prominent signal abnormalities in the GP bilaterally in HSS. T1WI showed hyperintensity in all cases of HSS in addition to the “eye‐of‐the‐tiger” sign on T2WI. SWI, FLASH, and BOLD demonstrated mineral deposition in the GP better than conventional imaging. Involvement of the striatonigral pathways was demonstrated for the first time on BOLD SWI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparing the MESFET and HEMT models for efficient circuit design
Authors: Touhami R. , Yagoub M. C. E. , Baudrand H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this paper, the relative advantages of several widely used MESFET and HEMT models have been compared. The nonlinear behaviours of the Curtice quadratic, Curtice cubic, Statz, Materka, Rodriguez, and Chalmers models were investigated through their current–voltage–temperature characteristics. To better fit such characteristics, neural‐based models of MESFET and HEMT were generated using a Levenberg–Marquardt back‐propagation algorithm. Close agreement was observed between simulated results and experimental data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman scattering as a probe of intermediate phases in glassy networks
Authors: Boolchand P. , Jin Mingji , Novita D. I. , Chakravarty S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBulk glass formation occurs over a very small part of phase space, and ‘good’ glasses (which form even at low quench rates ∼10 K/sec) select an even smaller part of that accessible phase space. An axiomatic theory provides the physical basis of glass formation, and identifies these sweet spots of glass formation with existence of rigid but stress‐free networks for which experimental evidence is rapidly emerging. Recently, theory and experiment have come together to show that these sweet spots of glass formation occur over a range of chemical compositions identified as ‘intermediate phases’ (IPs). These ranges appear to be controlled by elements of local and medium‐range molecular structures that form isostatically rigid networks. IP glasses possess nonhysteretic glass transitions (Tg's) that do not age much. Raman scattering has played a pivotal role in elucidating the molecular structure of glasses in general, and in identifying domains of IPs. Experiments reveal that these phases possess sharp phase boundaries and are characterized by an optical elasticity that varies with network mean coordination number, r, as power law. In this review, we provide examples in chalcogenide and oxide glass systems in which these phases along with optical elasticity power laws have been established. IP glasses represent self‐organized nanostructured functional materials optimized by nature. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The European Nutrigenomics Organisation: linking genomics, nutrition and health research
Authors: Astley Siân B , Elliott Ruan M 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe science of nutrigenomics allows us to consider not only the response of our genes, proteins and metabolism to diet but also life‐stage and lifestyle. Public health messages are failing to change people's behaviour and to counteract the flashy advertising promoting cheap nutritionally‐empty foods. Proponents suggest that using the information supplied by nutrigenomics to develop personalised diet and lifestyle regimens would enable consumers to make healthier choices for themselves. For some this will mean accessing new food products and genetic testing but for others it will mean better dietary advice that can be applied in their situation. Opponents argue that this approach merely panders to the worried‐wealthy‐well – those least in need of intervention because they are already diet and health conscious – and that nutrigenomics fails to address the real issues associated with diet‐related disease. Is nutrigenomics another over‐hyped science, which will ultimately disappoint, or is it an ideal tool for nutrition research? Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Parboiled rice: A study about attitude, consumer liking and consumption in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Behrens Jorge H , Heinemann Riana JB , Lanfer‐Marquez Ursula M 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe consumption of parboiled rice in Brazil is low when compared to milled rice, despite alleged nutritional, convenience and technological benefits. Data collected through a survey with 186 consumers in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, were analysed with the aim of gaining a better understanding of local consumer attitudes towards parboiled rice. Six attitudinal items were assessed as giving a score on a five‐point Likert scale. Cluster analysis was used to identify three segments of respondents with different attitudinal patterns. Subsequently, correspondence analysis revealed associations among clusters and educational level and liking/consumption data. Most consumers did not show an established opinion about the main characteristics of parboiled which indicates a weakness of the product promotion. A positive attitude, as demonstrated by a higher intake of parboiled rice, was a reflection of habit and liking, while a negative attitude seemed to be due to previous negative experience and misconceptions about the product. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of calcium salts on the texture, structure and sensory acceptance of osmotically dehydrated guavas
Authors: Pereira Leila M , Carmello‐Guerreiro Sandra M , Bolini Helena MA , Cunha Rosiane L , Hubinger Miriam D 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of additives, calcium chloride and calcium lactate (5–25 g kg−1), on the osmotic dehydration of guavas with sucrose solutions was studied, aiming at the structural preservation of processed fruits. The osmotic process was evaluated from the reduction in weight of the guavas, water loss and solids gain, and the samples were analyzed with respect to calcium content, texture (stress and strain at failure, relaxation time and residual stress), structure by light microscopy and sensory acceptance. Calcium salts had a strong influence on the texture and structure of the processed guavas, resulting in the maintenance of tissue structure when calcium lactate was used at concentrations up to 15 g kg−1, and calcium chloride was used at 5 g kg−1. The sensory acceptability of guava was related to the structural and texture results. Calcium treatments did not improve guava's sensory acceptance. Guavas treated with calcium lactate showed good sensory acceptance, presenting slight inferior scores only at concentrations above 20g kg−1, while CaCl2 treated guavas showed average scores statistically equal to the sucrose and calcium lactate treated fruits only at 5 g kg−1. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Hyperbranched Polyesters with Carboxylic or Sulfonic Acid Functional Groups for Crystallization Modification of Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Meng Qingwei , Chen Dongzhong , Yue Liwan , Fang Jianglin , Zhao Hui , Wang Lili 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHyperbranched aliphatic polyesters functionalized with carboxylic or sulfonic acid groups have been synthesized and employed as crystallization modifiers for calcium carbonate. The functionalized polyesters exhibit remarkable polymorph selectivity and morphology control. Stable spherical vaterite particles of diameter less than 10 µm with narrow size distribution were easy to produce on a large scale. With an increase in the concentration and monomer/core ratio of the polyester, the vaterite content increases accordingly with promoted morphology control to monodisperse spheres. The CaCO3 concentration and the initial pH can also influence the morphology and polymorphism of the produced calcium carbonate. Under certain conditions, well‐defined core‐shell structured vaterite spheres are obtained with obvious radial organization by nano‐aggregation of about 70 ± 10 nm crystallites, which may mediate and combine the nano‐aggregation and crystal growth formation mechanism of vaterite polymorph.magnified image
Monomers for Adhesive Polymers, 7a
Authors: Moszner Norbert , Pavlinec Juraj , Angermann Jörg 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHomopolymerization and copolymerization of N‐(2‐hydroxyethylmethyl)acrylamide (1) with N,N′‐diethyl‐1,3‐bis(acrylamido)propane (2) have been studied in ethanol/water solvents or in bulk. The polymerization rate exponent depends on the polymerization temperature and increased from 0.99 at 50 °C to 1.21 at 75 °C. The initial polymerization rate dependence on temperature between 50 and 75 °C in Arrhenius coordinates was linear. However, the slope increased with an increase in monomer concentration. The overall activation energy Ea varied from 64 kJ · mol−1 at 0.5 mol · L−1 to 76 kJ · mol−1 at 2.0 mol · L−1 monomer concentration. In addition, the reaction order with respect to the initiator AIBN deviated from the standard free radical polymerization kinetics. The exponent 0.42 indicated a significant participation of primary radicals in termination reactions. The polymerization reaction order declined from ideality as well, and the Ea and polymerization enthalpy changed with the batch composition variation, which could be explained through monomer/monomer, monomer/solvent, or monomer/polymer complexation. The chain transfer to polymer was considered as an origin for the polymer network formation in monomer 1 homopolymerization if its concentration in the batch was 1 mol · L−1 or higher. The more intensive polymerization acceleration with the monomer dilution and the greater heat released reduction with decrease in the monomer 1 to 2 ratios were evidenced in copolymerization. Nevertheless, the deviations from conventional reaction kinetics were not as pronounced as with acrylic or methacrylic acid polymerizations.magnified image
Synthesis of Hydroxyl‐Terminated Poly(vinylcarbazole‐ran‐styrene) Copolymers by Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization
Authors: Morton Kaylyn , Graffe Andres , Marić Milan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA series of poly(vinylcarbazole‐ran‐styrene) copolymers with terminal hydroxyl groups were synthesized using nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) with the hydroxyl‐functional initiator VA‐086 and TEMPO as the mediator at 130 °C. Polymerizations were studied as a function of vinylcarbazole feed content, target molecular weight, and VA‐086/TEMPO ratio. The characterization of the copolymers was done by GPC and NMR. For feed concentrations of 40 mol‐% vinylcarbazole, copolymers with vinylcarbazole concentration up to 33 mol‐% could be obtained with narrow molecular weight distributions (PDI = 1.35) and exhibit pseudo‐“living” character up to conversions of about 20% if the target molecular weight was >100 kg · mol−1. 1H NMR indicated that the hydroxyl group was retained sufficiently with a functionality typically of about 0.7 hydroxyl groups per chain. Copolymers synthesized with higher vinylcarbazole feed content exhibited slower kinetics and were less controlled, resulting in much broader molecular weight distributions. The absence of control could be attributed to the absence of thermal initiation by vinylcarbazole which is advantageous toward controlling the radical concentration during the polymerization.magnified image
A cross‐national study of the individual and national–cultural nomological network of consumer involvement
Authors: Broderick Amanda J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe article theoretically proposes and empirically tests an individual and national–cultural nomological network of consumer involvement. A consumer survey in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Spain, and Italy captures nomological network data. Findings are significant in three areas. First, the empirical study provides evidence for the cultural invariance of the measurement of consumer involvement. Second, results determine the mediating nature of individual‐level consumer involvement. The nomological network differentiates between the antecedent role of cognitive involvement and the subsequent affective involvement state with explanatory effect on brand commitment and brand experimentation. Third, the study identifies the moderating role that uncertainty avoidance and masculinity/femininity play on the involvement relationships. The article concludes by discussing the theoretical implications for the impact of individual and national–cultural variables on the activation and sources of consumer involvement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Cutthroat Competition Between Termination and Transfer to Shape the Kinetics of Radical Polymerization
Authors: Smith Gregory B. , Russell Gregory T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThere is a fascinating interplay between termination and transfer that shapes the kinetics of radical polymerization (RP). In one limit all dead‐chain formation is by termination, in the other by transfer. Because of chain‐length‐dependent termination (CLDT), the rate law for RP takes a different form in each limit. However, common behavior is observed if one instead considers how the average termination rate coefficient varies with average degree of polymerization. Examples are given of using these principles to understand trends in actual RP data, and it is also demonstrated how to extract quantitative information on CLDT from simple steady‐state experiments.
The Importance of Chain‐Length Dependent Kinetics in Free‐Radical Polymerization: A Preliminary Guide
Authors: Heuts Johan P. A. , Russell Gregory T. , Smith Gregory B. , van Herk Alex M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of chain‐length dependent propagation at short chain lengths on the observed kinetics in low‐conversion free‐radical polymerization (frp) is investigated. It is shown that although the values of individual propagation rate coefficients quickly converge to the high chain length value (at chain lengths, i, of about 10), its effect on the average propagation rate coefficients, 〈kp〉, in conventional frp may be noticeable in systems with an average degree of polymerization (DPn) of up to 100. Furthermore it is shown that, unless the system is significantly retarded, the chain‐length dependence of the average termination rate coefficient, 〈kt〉, is not affected by the presence of chain‐length dependent propagation and that there exists a simple (fairly general) scaling law between 〈kt〉 and DPn. This latter scaling law is a good reflection of the dependence of the termination rate coefficient between two i‐meric radicals, k, on i. Although simple expressions seem to exist to describe the dependence of 〈kp〉 on DPn, the limited data available to date does not allow the generalization of these expressions.
Investigation of the Chain Length Dependence of kp: New Results Obtained with Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Polymerization
Authors: Schnöll‐Bitai Irene , Mader Christoph 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNew experimental results were collected for the free radical polymerization of styrene by pulsed laser polymerization in solution or in microemulsion. The location of the point of inflection (on the low molecular weight side) and the maximum of the first peak in the chromatograms (measured by size‐exclusion chromatography) was used to extract kp data. The extent of band broadening was determined with narrow polystyrene standards with an assumed Poisson chain length distribution. For a given experiment both kp values (obtained via the point of inflection and the maximum) were corrected and thus became identical in most cases. Even after the correction, the effect of chain length dependence persists to a higher chain length.
Studying the Fundamentals of Radical Polymerization Using ESR in Combination with Controlled Radical Polymerization Methods
Authors: Kajiwara Atsushi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractElectron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy can contribute to understanding both the kinetics and mechanism of radical polymerizations. A series of oligo/poly(meth)acrylates were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and purified to provide well defined radical precursors. Model radicals, with given chain lengths, were generated by reaction of the terminal halogens with an organotin compound and the radicals were observed by ESR spectroscopy. This combination of ESR with ATRPs ability to prepare well defined radical precursors provided significant new information on the properties of radicals in radical polymerizations. ESR spectra of the model radicals generated from tert‐butyl methacrylate precursors, with various chain lengths, showed clear chain length dependent changes and a possibility of differentiating between the chain lengths of observed propagating radicals by ESR. The ESR spectrum of each dimeric, trimeric, tetrameric, and pentameric tert‐butyl acrylate model radicals, observed at various temperatures, provided clear experimental evidence of a 1,5‐hydrogen shift.