bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of cell hybrids via a fusogenic cell line
Authors: Cheong Siew Chiat , Blangenois Isabelle , Franssen Jean‐Denis , Servais Charlotte , Phan Vy , Trakatelli Myrto , Bruyns Catherine , Vile Richard , Velu Thierry , Brandenburger Annick 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackgroundHybrids obtained by fusion between tumour cells (TC) and dendritic cells (DC) have been proposed as anti‐tumour vaccines because of their potential to combine the expression of tumour‐associated antigens with efficient antigen presentation. The classical methods used for fusion, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and electrofusion, are cytotoxic and generate cell debris that can be taken up by DC rendering the identification of true hybrids difficult.MethodsWe have established a stable cell line expressing a viral fusogenic membrane glycoprotein (FMG) that is not itself susceptible to fusion. This cell line has been used to generate hybrids and to evaluate the relevance of tools used for hybrid detection.ResultsThis FMG‐expressing cell line promotes fusion between autologous or allogeneic TC and DC in any combination, generating ‘tri‐parental hybrids’. At least 20% of TC are found to be integrated into hybrids.ConclusionsIt is speculated that this tri‐parental hybrid approach offers new possibilities to further modulate the anti‐tumour effect of the DC/TC hybrids since it allows the expression of relevant immunostimulatory molecules by appropriate engineering of the fusogenic cell line. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical Properties of Blends of Double‐Fullerene End‐Capped Poly(ethylene oxide) and Poly(L‐lactic acid)
Authors: Kai Weihua , Zhao Li , Zhu Bo , Inoue Yoshio 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSummary: The crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of composites of PLLA and FPEOF were studied using DSC, DMA and tensile strength measurements. For PLLA/FPEOF composites aged at room temperature, when PLLA was amorphous, an astonishing around 100 times increase in the fracture strain with a high modulus was observed. For PLLA/FPEOF composites aged at 90 °C, the mechanical performance of the composites was greatly decreased and the fracture strain did not show much of an increase compared with pure PLLA. A mechanism for the large changes in the mechanical properties of PLLA/FPEOF blends aged at different temperatures was proposed.Strain‐stress curves of the PLLA/FPEO20F6 composite aged at 90 °C and room temperature.imageStrain‐stress curves of the PLLA/FPEO20F6 composite aged at 90 °C and room temperature.
Global gene expression profiles associated with retinoic acid‐induced differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells
Authors: Eifert Cheryl , Sangster‐Guity Niquiche , Yu Li‐Ming , Chittur Sridar V. , Perez Ana V. , Tine John A. , McCormick Paulette J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe have evaluated the effects of retinoic acid (RA) treatment of F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, which induces differentiation into primitive endoderm, on gene expression patterns. F9 cells were exposed to RA in culture, and global expression patterns were examined with cDNA‐based microarrays at early (8 hr) and later times (24 hr) after exposure. Of the 1,176 known transcripts examined, we identified 57 genes (4.8%) that were responsive to RA at 8 and/or 24 hr: 35 were induced, 20 were repressed, and 2 were differentially regulated at these time points. To determine if our results were dependent on the array technology employed, we also evaluated the response to RA at 24 hr with oligonucleotide‐based arrays. With these more dense arrays (12,488 genes), we identified an additional 353 RA‐regulated genes (2.8%): 173 were upregulated and 180 were downregulated. Thus, a total of 410 genes regulated by RA were identified with roughly equivalent numbers induced or repressed. Although the expression of many genes found on both array platforms was consistent, the results for some genes were disparate. Quantitative PCR studies on a subset of these genes supported the results obtained with the cDNA arrays. Our results confirmed the regulation of several known RA‐responsive genes and we also identified a number of genes not previously known to be RA‐responsive. Those novel genes that were induced presumably contribute to the cellular processes required for a shift from proliferation to differentiation, whereas those new genes that were downregulated may possibly contribute to the maintenance of cell proliferation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel multifunctional polymeric materials with predominant cis microstructures derived from α‐norbornenyl macromonomer and stable macroinitiator via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Liaw Der‐Jang , Huang Ching‐Cheng , Ju Jing‐Yang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNovel star‐like polymeric materials with high cis content could be obtained by using α‐norbornenyl macromonomers and highly stable macroinitiators derived from an active norbornene derivative [5‐(2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropionylaminomethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐ene (NBBrMPAM)], which was synthesized by the reaction of norbornene methylene amine and 2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropionyl bromide. The α‐norbornenyl macromonomer (NBPMMA), which is polymethyl methacrylate containing norbornenyl end group, was prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using NBBrMPAM as an initiator. Star‐like polynorbornene with high cis microstructure (cis/trans = 72/28) was obtained directly by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of NBPMMA macromonomer having number molecular weight (Mn) as low as 6.39 × 103. Random ring‐opening metathesis copolymerization of NBPMMA and norbornene derivative containing carbazole group (NBCbz) was carried out at 25 °C by using Ru catalyst [(Cy3P)2Cl2Ru = CHPh, Cy = cyclohexyl, Ph = phenyl]. High cis (cis/trans = 63/37) organo‐soluble star‐like random poly(NBPMMA‐co‐NBCbz) was successfully obtained with high number‐average molecular weight (Mn) of 4.76 × 104 and molecular weight distribution polydispersity index of 1.78. Organo‐soluble comb‐shaped copolymers with MMA could be successfully obtained using ATRP macroinitiator [poly(HNBBrMPAM)] in diluted macroinitiator solution with a concentration less than 3.64 × 10−2 mol.L−1. This is the first ever attempt to prepare novel star‐like organo‐soluble polymeric materials with high cis microstructure via the combination of ring‐opening metathesis polymerization and ATRP. Multimodification could be considered to be carried out by using the functional bromo group at the end of side chains. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3382–3392, 2006
Synthesis and properties of flame‐retardant benzoxazines by three approaches
Authors: Lin Ching Hsuan , Cai Sheng Xiong , Leu Tsu Shang , Hwang Ting Yu , Lee Hao Hsin 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe propose three approaches to obtain flame‐retardant benzoxazines. In the first approach, we synthesize a novel benzoxazine (dopot‐m) from a phosphorus‐containing triphenol (dopotriol), formaldehyde, and methyl amine. Dopot‐m is copolymerized with a commercial benzoxazine [6′,6‐bis(3‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,3‐benzoxazineyl)methane (F‐a)] or diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The thermal properties and flame retardancy of the F‐a/dopot‐m copolymers increase with the content of dopot‐m. As for the dopot‐m/DGEBA curing system, the glass‐transition temperature of the dopot‐m/DGEBA copolymer is 252 °C, which is higher than that of poly(dopot‐m). The 5% decomposition temperature of the dopot‐m/DGEBA copolymer increases from 323 to 351 °C because of the higher crosslinking density caused by the reaction of phenolic OH and epoxy. In the second approach, we incorporate the element phosphorus into benzoxazine via the curing reaction of dopotriol and F‐a. After the curing, the thermal properties of the F‐a/dopotriol copolymers are almost the same as those of neat poly(F‐a), and this implies that we can incorporate the flame‐retardant element phosphorus into the polybenzoxazine without sacrificing any thermal properties. In the third approach, we react dopo with electron‐deficient benzoxazine to incorporate the element phosphorus. After the curing, the glass‐transition temperatures of polybenzoxazines decrease slightly with the content of dopo, mainly because of the smaller crosslinking density of the resultant polybenzoxazines. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3454–3468, 2006
Structure and separation properties of π‐complex membranes comprising poly(hexamethylenevinylene) and silver tetrafluoroborate
Authors: Kim Jong Hak , Min Byoung Ryul , Won Jongok , Kang Yong Soo 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPolymer/silver‐ion π‐complex membranes consisting of poly(hexamethylenevinylene) (PHMV) and silver tetrafluoroborate exhibit unusually high separation performance for olefin/olefin and olefin/paraffin mixtures. The formation of π complexes between silver ions and unsaturated CC bonds of PHMV has been confirmed with wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy studies have revealed that silver ions make π complexes with olefins such as 1,3‐butadiene, propylene, and ethylene. Of these three olefins, 1,3‐butadiene has the highest binding affinity with silver ions in dissolved in PHMV, and this results in its higher solubility and permeance. Therefore, the π‐complex membranes exhibit unusually high separation performance for olefin/olefin and olefin/paraffin mixtures. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1434–1441, 2006
Schräglaufkräfte großer Containerkrane mit Schwingenfahrwerken
Authors: Krahwinkel Manuel 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIm vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Verfahren zur Berechnung der Schräglaufkräfte großer Containerkrane mit Schwingenfahrwerken vorgestellt. Die Berücksichtigung der Nachgiebigkeit der Fahrwerkskonstruktion stellt eine Erweiterung der aktuellen Vorschriften mit Angaben zur Berechnung von Schräglaufkräften schienengebundener Krane dar und ermöglicht eine wirtschaftliche Bemessung von Kranbahnbalken und Gründung. Die Anwendung wird am Beispiel eines neuen Containerkranes für den Hamburger Hafen gezeigt. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Innsbrucker Mischbautechnologie am Büro‐ und Geschäftsgebäude St. Marx der T‐Mobile in Wien
Authors: Taus Manfred 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEs wird über die Anwendung der Mischbautechnologie am Büro‐ und Geschäftsgebäude St. Marx in Wien berichtet. Wie schon beim Bau des Millennium Towers und einer Reihe weiterer Hochhausbauten in Österreich und Deutschland wurde nun beim Büro‐ und Geschäftsgebäude der T‐Mobile in Wien die Innsbrucker Mischbautechnologie erfolgreich eingesetzt. Zunächst wird das Projekt allgemein beschrieben und dann die Stahl‐ und Verbundkonstruktion des Bauteiles “Hoher Flügel” näher erläutert. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Schubsteifigkeit zweiseitig gelagerter Stahltrapezbleche
Authors: Dürr Markus , Kathage Karsten , Saal Helmut 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDie hinsichtlich des vermehrten Fertigungsaufwandes und ihrer Haupttragrichtung in der Regel unterbleibende Lagerung der Längsränder von Trapezprofilen begründet deren zweiseitige Lagerung. Da die technischen Regeln keine Möglichkeit zum Ansatz der Schubsteifigkeit zweiseitig gelagerter Schubfelder geben, die zur Stabilisierung biegedrillknickgefährdeter Träger rechnerisch genutzt werden könnte, wurden Versuche und parametrische Finite‐Element‐Berechnungen durchgeführt, mit denen unter Berücksichtigung der Nachgiebigkeit der Verbindungsmittel an den gelagerten Rändern das Tragverhalten bis zum Versagen untersucht wurde. Die gut mit den Versuchsergebnissen übereinstimmenden Berechnungsergebnisse sind die Grundlage für eine Beziehung, mit der die vom Seitenverhältnis und der Schubsteifigkeit des vierseitig gelagerten Schubfeldes abhängende Abminderung durch den Übergang von einer vierseitigen zu einer zweiseitigen Lagerung auf dem Niveau der Bemessungslasten nach [6] dargestellt wird. Die Versagenslasten betragen ein Vielfaches dieser Bemessungslasten. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ertüchtigung bestehender Stahltragwerke aus der Zeit von 1860 bis 1940
Authors: Lüddecke Falk , Mehdianpour Milad , Graße Wolfgang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn Vorbereitung auf das Schweißen alter Baustähle erfolgt eine differenzierte Betrachtung der in der Zeit von 1860 bis 1940 verbauten Stähle hinsichtlich prinzipieller Schweißeignung. Für den Puddelstahl konnte aufgrund der unregelmäßig verteilten lamellaren Schlackeneinschlüsse keine prinzipielle Schweißeignung festgestellt werden. Dagegen weist der Flußstahl in ausgewählten Bereichen des Profilquerschnitts, den Speckschichten, eine prinzipielle Schweißeignung auf. Die Speckschichtdicken sind Streuungen unterworfen. Um trotzdem Aussagen über deren geometrische Ausdehnung treffen zu können, wurden Streuung verursachende Einflußfaktoren – insbesondere die Stahl‐ und die Halbzeugherstellung – untersucht. Anhand von Messungen an Querschnitten wurden Speckschichtdicken und deren Streuungen ermittelt.Basierend auf den Speckschichtdicken ist eine Anpassung des gewählten Lichtbogenhandschweißverfahrens in Hinblick auf die Einbrandtiefe erforderlich. Hierfür wurden gesonderte Laborversuche durchgeführt, um praxisgerechte Schweißparameter zu entwickeln.Zur Untersuchung der Eignung einer solchen Schweißverbindung für nicht ruhende Beanspruchungen wurden Ermüdungsversuche an geschweißten Flußstahlproben durchgeführt. Die ermittelten Bruchlastwechselzahlen sind bei gleicher Kerbgrundbeanspruchung und Bauteilform denen heutiger Baustähle ähnlich. Damit wurde gezeigt, daß eine erfolgreiche Schweißung an Flußstählen prinzipiell möglich ist. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Youth leadership and youth development: Connections and questions
Authors: Kress Cathann A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe youth development movement represents a broad trend toward promoting opportunity and resilience over preventing delinquency and failure. While the topic of youth leadership is clearly relevant to this movement, the connection between the two topics remains for the most part unexplored and undefined. With this chapter we examine the ways that youth leadership connects to the much broader context of the youth development movement.
Arts‐based leadership: Theatrical tributes
Authors: Soumerai Eve Nussbaum , Mazer Rachel 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAs an independent educator, Eve Nussbaum Soumerai has developed numerous theatrical tributes to inspirational historical figures (Anne Frank, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Dalai Lama, for example). By participating in these productions, young people learn about the lives of these figures and share these stories with large numbers of their peers. Soumerai uses the process of developing and performing these plays as a form of youth leadership education.
Succession of sessile organisms on experimental plates immersed in Nabeta Bay, Izu Peninsula, Japan III. Temporal changes in community structure
Authors: Hirata Tetsu 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFrom percentage covers of sessile organisms obtained over about 3 yr by suspending concrete plates at depths of 1.0, 2.5, 4.0 and 5.5 m in Nabeta Bay, Shimoda, Pacific coast of Japan, changes of five indices of community structure, i.e. number of species (S), Shannon‐Weaver diversity (H′), evenness (J′), McNaughton's dominance (MD) and Horn's similarity (HS), were investigated throughout succession. Colonization curves became horizontal after reaching a maximum at 6 months after immersion at all depths. The number of species appeared to approach equilibrium during the first year of immersion. In the period from 13 to 37 months after immersion, the five indices indicated that communities at the upper two depths had stabilized structures within a limited range of variation, as represented by low HS values, whereas those at the lower two depths had simplified structures, as indicated by low S or H′ values. Furthermore, the results of cluster analysis of samples at four depths indicated that 13 to 37‐month communities at the upper two depths had advanced, converged structures, whereas those at the lower depths had young, non‐converged structures. The stability of community structure observed at the upper two depths could be due to domination of two long‐lived species, the kelp Eisenia bicyclis and the oyster Crassostrea nippona. On the other hand, the simplification of community structure at the lower two depths seems to be due to reduced domination of these two species as a result of disturbances such as scouring by sand.
Spatial relationship among individuals of the Japanese lacertid Takydromus tachydromoides (Sauria, Lacertidae)
Authors: Takeishi Masayoshi , Ono Yuiti 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe home range of Takydromus tachydromoides was studied in a grassland area from April 1977 to November 1978. The mean size of home range did not differ markedly between sexes; 136.5 m2 for males and 130.8 m2 for females. Home ranges of adults overlapped greatly in each sex, and the lizard was considered to be non‐territorial. Individuals showed return movement to a definite area (sleeping site) within the home range, and the home range did not shift within a year or between years. Characteristics of the home range of this grassland‐inhabiting lizard were discussed in relation to resource abundance and predation pressure.
The ecological pollination syndromes of insect‐pollinated plants in an alpine meadow
Authors: Yumoto Takakazu 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe insect pollination of an alpine plant community consisting of herbs and shrubs, was observed on Mt. Kisokoma‐ga‐take, central Honshu, Japan. There were two main groups of pollinators, syrphid flies and bumble bees. Although some shrubs were visited by both types of insects, other shrubs and the herbs were visited by either syrphid flies or bumble bees. Two types of herbs categorized by the difference of flower‐visiting insects, the Syrphid‐type and the Bombus‐type, exhibited some clearly contrasting ecological characteristics such as the flowering behavior of individual plants, spatial distribution of the plant populations and segregation of flowering phenology at the community level. The Syrphid‐type herbs were densely distributed throughout wide areas in the tall herb stand, and all the flowers borne by an individual plant bloomed simultaneously. Each species did not markedly segregate its flowering time from that of other species of the same type. The Bombus‐type herbs were distributed locally and/or at low density, and the individual flowers borne by an individual plant showed staggered flowering times. Each species had a more strictly segregated flowering time. These ecological characteristics of these two flower types seemed to be related to the behavioral characteristics of their pollinators.
Reduced Incidence of Slowly Progressive Heymann Nephritis in Rats Immunized With a Modified Vaccination Technique
Authors: Barabas Arpad Z. , Cole Chad D. , Barabas Arpad D. , Barabas Aron N. , Lafreniere Rene 
Published: April 2006

A slowly progressive Heymann nephritis (SPHN) was induced in three groups of rats by weekly injections of a chemically modified renal tubular antigen in an aqueous medium. A control group of rats received the chemically unmodified version of the antigen in an aqueous solution. One group of SPHN rats were pre‐ and post‐treated with weekly injections of IC made up of rKF3 and rarKF3 IgM antibody at antigen excess (MIC) (immune complexes [ICs] containing sonicated ultracentrifuged [u/c] rat kidney fraction 3 [rKF3] antigen and IgM antibodies specific against the antigen, at slight antigen excess). One group of SPHN rats were post‐treated with MIC 3 weeks after the induction of the disease and one group of SPHN animals received no treatment. The control group of rats received pre‐ and post‐treatment with sonicated u/c rKF3.The incidence of immune‐complex glomerulonephritis (ICGN) in the untreated SPHN rats was 87%, in the pre‐ and post‐treated animals 13%, and in the post‐treated‐only rats 20%. Rats receiving sonicated ultracentrifuged rKF3 antigen did not develop ICGN.The present experiment demonstrates that the development of SPHN can be not only prevented but also effectively terminated by our newly developed modified vaccination
technique.
Rheumatoid Arthritis is an Autoimmune Disease Triggered by Proteus Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Ebringer Alan , Rashid Taha 
Published: April 2006

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and disabling polyarthritic disease, which affects mainly women in middle and old age.Extensive evidence based on the results of various microbial, immunological and molecular studies from different parts of the world, shows that a strong link exists between Proteus mirabilis microbes and RA. We propose that sub‐clinical Proteus urinary tract infections are the main triggering factors and that the presence of molecular mimicry and cross‐reactivity between these bacteria and RA‐targeted tissue antigens assists in the perpetuation of the disease process through production of cytopathic auto‐antibodies.Patients with RA especially during the early stages of the disease could benefit from Proteus anti‐bacterial measures involving the use of antibiotics, vegetarian diets and high intake of water and fruit juices such as cranberry juice in addition to the currently employed treatments.
Gene fusion/fission is a major contributor to evolution of multi-domain bacterial proteins
Authors: Pasek Sophie , Risler Jean-Loup , Brézellec Pierre 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMost proteins comprise one or several domains. New domain architectures can be created by combining previously existing domains. The elementary events that create new domain architectures may be categorized into three classes, namely domain(s) insertion or deletion (indel), exchange and repetition. Using ‘DomainTeam’, a tool dedicated to the search for microsyntenies of domains, we quantified the relative contribution of these events. This tool allowed us to collect homologous bacterial genes encoding proteins that have obviously evolved by modular assembly of domains. We show that indels are the most frequent elementary events and that they occur in most cases at either the N- or C-terminus of the proteins. As revealed by the genomic neighbourhood/context of the corresponding genes, we show that a substantial number of these terminal indels are the consequence of gene fusions/fissions. We provide evidence showing that the contribution of gene fusion/fission to the evolution of multi-domain bacterial proteins is lower-bounded by 27% and upper-bounded by 64%. We conclude that gene fusion/fission is a major contributor to the evolution of multi-domain bacterial proteins.Contact: pasek@genopole.cnrs.frSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at
Role of avidity and breadth of the CD4 T cell response in progression to AIDS
Authors: Korthals Altes Hester , de Boer Rob , Boerlijst Maarten 
Published: April 2006

The great variability in the time between infection with HIV and the onset of AIDS has been the object of intense study. In the current work, we examine a mathematical model that focuses on the role of immune response variability between patients. We study the effect of variation in both the avidity and the breadth of the immune response on within-patient disease dynamics, viral setpoint and time to AIDS.We conclude that immune response variability can explain the observed variability in disease progression to a large extent. It turns out that the avidity, more than the breadth of the immune response, determines disease progression, and that the average avidity of the five best clones is a much better correlate for disease progression than the total number of clones responding. For the design of vaccines, this would suggest that, if given the choice between stimulating a broader, but average avidity response or a narrower high-avidity response, the latter option would yield better control of virus load and consequently slow down disease progression.