bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
64‐Slice ECG‐gated computed tomographic angiography for assessment of coronary arteries in brachycephalic dogs with pulmonary stenosis
Authors: Hallman Clay , Baumwart Ryan , Hallman Ruth Mackenzie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundBrachycephalic dogs with pulmonary stenosis are known to have a higher incidence of concurrent coronary artery abnormalities than non‐brachycephalic breeds, which increases risk when performing balloon valvuloplasty. The use of ECG‐gated CT angiography has been reported for the evaluation of coronary arteries in normal dogs and dogs with pulmonary stenosis. The purpose of this study was to report findings of coronary artery origination and morphology of main branches using ECG‐gated CT angiography in brachycephalic dogs with pulmonary stenosis.MethodsAn ECG‐gated CT angiographic protocol was used to image coronary artery anatomy in nine brachycephalic dogs with pulmonary stenosis. Images were assessed for quality as well as coronary artery morphology by one veterinary radiologist, one veterinary cardiologist and one veterinary radiology resident.ResultsAll nine dogs had good to excellent image quality. Coronary artery anomalies were identified in three of nine dogs: one R2A anomaly, one L2A anomaly and one L2C anomaly. Two dogs were assessed to be poor balloon valvuloplasty candidates based on CT angiographic images.LimitationCoronary artery morphology was not confirmed via postmortem examination in all patients.ConclusionECG‐gated CT angiography is a minimally invasive imaging modality capable of diagnosing various coronary artery anomalies in brachycephalic dogs with pulmonary stenosis and aiding in the determination of patient candidacy for balloon valvuloplasty.
International survey of equine orthopaedic specialists reveals diverse treatment strategies for horses with overriding spinous processes
Authors: Treß Dorothea , Lischer Christoph , Merle Roswitha , Ehrle Anna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundOverriding spinous processes, also known as ‘kissing spines’, are one of the most common causes of back pain in horses. The aim of this study was to investigate which options for diagnosis and treatment are preferred by equine orthopaedic specialists and assess which techniques are used for local injection.MethodsAn online survey was distributed among members of the European/American College of Veterinary Surgeons, the European/American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, the International Society of Equine Locomotor Pathology and nationally recognised advanced equine orthopaedic practitioners.ResultsThe survey was completed by 353 respondents. The injection techniques most commonly used involve placing two needles abaxial to the interspinous space (42%) under ultrasonographic guidance (32%) or one needle in the midline (35%) between two spinous processes. The most popular combination for overriding dorsal spinous process therapy was local injection (26.7%) combined with controlled exercise (25.5%). Manual therapy was considered by 42% of European and 25% of American specialists (p= 0.01). Surgical intervention as a first‐line treatment was recommended mainly by specialists working in the United States, the UK or Ireland (p= 0.001). Overall, most equine orthopaedic veterinarians (71%;n= 201) preferred conservative management and recommended surgery only for horses that did not respond to conservative therapy.LimitationsRespondents’ personal bias may have skewed the findings.ConclusionsDespite a growing body of evidence, the therapeutic approach to ‘kissing spines’ in horses is influenced by professional specialisation and regional preferences. Variations in injection techniques and differing criteria for surgical intervention warrant further investigation.
An unfamiliar way to generate the hierarchy of standard model fermion masses
Authors: Baek S. , Kersten J. , Ko P. , Velasco-Sevilla L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
While the properties of the observed Higgs boson agree with the Standard Model predictions, the hierarchy of fermion masses lacks an explanation within the model. In this work, we consider a fresh approach to this problem, involving a different Higgs doublet responsible for each quark mass. We construct a model with a gauged, non-anomalous U(1) family symmetry that fixes which fermion couples to which doublet with an $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) Yukawa coupling. The hierarchy of masses is generated by the hierarchy of vacuum expectation values of the Higgs fields. The model generically predicts a light, weakly coupled pseudoscalar. We verify that the model satisfies constraints from flavour changing neutral currents, Higgs phenomenology and electroweak precision tests.
Symmetry breaking of 3-dimensional AdS in holographic semiclassical gravity
Authors: Ishibashi Akihiro , Maeda Kengo , Okamura Takashi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We show that 3-dimensional AdS spacetime can be semiclassically unstable due to strongly interacting quantum field effects. In our previous paper, we have pointed out the possibility of such an instability of AdS3 by inspecting linear perturbations of the (covering space of) static BTZ black hole with AdS4 gravity dual in the context of holographic semiclassical problems. In the present paper, we further study this issue from thermodynamic viewpoint by constructing asymptotically AdS3 semiclassical solutions and computing free energies of the solutions. We find two asymptotically AdS3 solutions to the semiclassical Einstein equations with non-vanishing source term: the one whose free energy is smaller than that of the BTZ with vanishing source term and the other whose free energy is smaller than that of the global AdS3 with no horizon (thus manifestly zero-temperature background). The instability found in this paper implies the breakdown of the maximal symmetries of AdS3, and its origin is different from the well-known semiclassical linear instability since our holographic semiclassical Einstein equations in 3-dimensions do not involve higher order derivative terms.
Charged particle scattering near the horizon
Authors: Feleppa Fabiano , Gaddam Nava , Groenenboom Nico 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study Maxwell theory, in the presence of charged scalar sources, near the black hole horizon in a partial wave basis. We derive the gauge field configuration that solves Maxwell equations in the near-horizon region of a Schwarzschild black hole when sourced by a charge density of a localised charged particle. This is the electromagnetic analog of the gravitational Dray-’t Hooft shockwave near the horizon. We explicitly calculate the S-matrix associated with this shockwave in the first quantised 1 → 1 formalism. We develop a theory for scalar QED near the horizon using which we compute the electromagnetic eikonal S-matrix from elastic 2 → 2 scattering of charged particles exchanging soft photons in the black hole eikonal limit. The resulting ladder resummation agrees perfectly with the result from the first quantised formalism, whereas the field-theoretic formulation allows for a computation of a wider range of amplitudes. As a demonstration, we explicitly compute sub-leading corrections that arise from four-vertices.
Constrained HRT Surfaces and their Entropic Interpretation
Authors: Dong Xi , Marolf Donald , Rath Pratik 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Consider two boundary subregions A and B that lie in a common boundary Cauchy surface, and consider also the associated HRT surface γB for B. In that context, the constrained HRT surface γA:B can be defined as the codimension-2 bulk surface anchored to A that is obtained by a maximin construction restricted to Cauchy slices containing γB. As a result, γA:B is the union of two pieces, $$ {\gamma}_{A:B}^B $$

γ

A
:
B

B

and $$ {\gamma}_{A:B}^{\overline{B}} $$

γ

A
:
B

B
¯

lying respectively in the entanglement wedges of B and its complement $$ \overline{B} $$

B
¯

. Unlike the area $$ \mathcal{A}\left({\gamma}_A\right) $$
A

γ
A

of the HRT surface γA, at least in the semiclassical limit, the area $$ \mathcal{A}\left({\gamma}_{A:B}\right) $$
A

γ

A
:
B

of γA:B commutes with the area $$ \mathcal{A}\left({\gamma}_B\right) $$
A

γ
B

of γB. To study the entropic interpretation of $$ \mathcal{A}\left({\gamma}_{A:B}\right) $$
A

γ

A
:
B

, we analyze the Rényi entropies of subregion A in a fixed-area state of subregion B. We use the gravitational path integral to show that the n ≈ 1 Rényi entropies are then computed by minimizing $$ \mathcal{A}\left({\gamma}_A\right) $$
A

γ
A

over spacetimes defined by a boost angle conjugate to $$ \mathcal{A}\left({\gamma}_B\right) $$
A

γ
B

. In the case where the pieces $$ {\gamma}_{A:B}^B $$

γ

A
:
B

B

and $$ {\gamma}_{A:B}^{\overline{B}} $$

γ

A
:
B

B
¯

intersect at a constant boost angle, a geometric argument shows that the n ≈ 1 Rényi entropy is then given by $$ \frac{\mathcal{A}\left({\gamma}_{A:B}\right)}{4G} $$

A

γ

A
:
B

4
G

. We discuss how the n ≈ 1 Rényi entropy differs from the von Neumann entropy due to a lack of commutativity of the n → 1 and G → 0 limits. We also discuss how the behaviour changes as a function of the width of the fixed-area state. Our results are relevant to some of the issues associated with attempts to use standard random tensor networks to describe time dependent geometries.
Investigation of black hole complementarity in AdS2 black holes
Authors: Kim Wontae , Nam Mungon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Black hole complementarity plays a pivotal role in resolving the information loss paradox by treating Hawking radiation as carriers of information, apart from the complicated mechanisms involved in decoding information from this radiation. The thought experiment proposed by Susskind and Thorlacius, as well as the criteria set forth by Hayden and Preskill, provide deep insights into the intricate relationship of black hole complementarity between fiducial and infalling observers. We execute the Alice-Bob thought experiment in the context of two-dimensional anti-de Sitter black holes. It turns out that information cloning can be avoided in the case of a large black hole. According to the Hayden-Preskill criteria, if the scale parameter associated with the explicit breaking of the one-dimensional group of reparametrizations is significantly exceed the squared mass of the black hole, then information cloning can be effectively evaded.
Existence of harmonic maps and eigenvalue optimization in higher dimensions
Authors: Karpukhin Mikhail , Stern Daniel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe prove the existence of nonconstant harmonic maps of optimal regularity from an arbitrary closed manifold $(M^{n},g)$
(

M
n

,
g
)
of dimension $n>2$
n
>
2
to any closed, non-aspherical manifold $N$
N
containing no stable minimal two-spheres. In particular, this gives the first general existence result for harmonic maps from higher-dimensional manifolds to a large class of positively curved targets. In the special case of the round spheres $N=\mathbb{S}^{k}$
N
=

S
k

, $k\geqslant 3$
k
⩾
3
, we obtain a distinguished family of nonconstant harmonic maps $M\to \mathbb{S}^{k}$
M
→

S
k

of index at most $k+1$
k
+
1
, with singular set of codimension at least 7 for $k$
k
sufficiently large. Furthermore, if $3\leqslant n\leqslant 5$
3
⩽
n
⩽
5
, we show that these smooth harmonic maps stabilize as $k$
k
becomes large, and correspond to the solutions of an eigenvalue optimization problem on $M$
M
, generalizing the conformal maximization of the first Laplace eigenvalue on surfaces.
Simultaneous standard total joint prosthesis reconstruction with SSRO and Le Fort I osteotomy in the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis with jaw deformity: a case cohort study
Authors: Huang Dong , Zou Luxiang , Lu Chuan , Zhao Jieyun , He Dongmei , Yang Chi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
Unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis with jaw deformity (UTMJAJD) may require simultaneous total joint prosthesis (TJP) reconstruction, sagittal split ramus (SSRO), and Le Fort I osteotomies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes in patients treated with these procedures.

Methods
Patients diagnosed UTMJAJD between 2016 and 2018 were selected for the study. Mandible-first procedure was performed after ankylosis release with TJP on the ankylosed side and SSRO on the contralateral side. Le Fort I osteotomy with and without genioplasty was lastly performed. Maximal incisor opening (MIO), facial symmetry, and jaw and condyle stability were compared before, after operation, and during follow-ups.

Results
Seven patients were included in the study. Their average chin deviation was 9.5 ± 4.2 mm, and maxillary cant was 5.1 ± 3.0°. After operation, jaw deformity significantly improved, with chin deviation corrected 7.6 ± 4.1 mm (p = 0.015) and advanced 5.9 ± 2.5 mm (p = 0.006). After an average follow-up of 26.6 ± 17.1 months, MIO significantly increased from 11.4 ± 9.3 to 35.7 ± 2.6 mm (p = 0.000). The occlusion was stable with no significant positional or rotational changes of the jaw (p > 0.05). There was no obvious condylar resorption during follow-ups.

Conclusion
Simultaneous TJP reconstruction, SSRO, and Le Fort I osteotomy are reliable and effective methods for the treatment of UTMJAJD.
Characterizing deep groundwater using evidence from oil and gas exploration wells in the Lower Kutai Basin of Indonesia
Authors: Arifin  , Shamsudduha Mohammad , Ramdhan Agus M. , Reksalegora Sena W. , Taylor Richard G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGroundwater at depths exceeding 500 m can be an important source of freshwater. However, the characteristics of deep groundwater in many regions of the world, including Indonesia’s sedimentary basins, remain vaguely defined. This study investigates the pressure regimes, hydraulic head distributions, salinity, and hydrochemical facies of deep groundwater using available evidence from oil and gas exploration wells in the Lower Kutai Basin of Indonesia. Pressure measurements and wireline log data reveal three pressure regimes within the basin: hydrostatic, overpressure, and underpressure. The top of the overpressure varies, from close to the surface onshore to depths of ~4.5 and ~3.8 km in the Mahakam Delta and offshore, respectively. Computed hydraulic heads at the top of the overpressure range from ~191 m above sea level onshore to ~71 m below sea level offshore, and are indicative of regional groundwater flow. The observed salinity of deep groundwater within the basin indicates predominantly brackish or saline conditions. Fresh (total dissolved solids < 1 g/L) groundwater to a depth of ~2 km is found at a small minority of wells onshore and in the delta; no fresh groundwater is found offshore. Four hydrochemical facies are observed: Na+/Cl–, Ca2+/Cl–, Na+/HCO3–, and Na+–Ca2+/HCO3–. This study indicates that deep fresh groundwater in the Lower Kutai Basin is of localized occurrence. Recharge from meteoric water may replenish deep fresh groundwater within the hydrostatic zone and sustain water supplies, whether brackish or fresh. Water produced from clay diagenesis is also cited as a possible process of freshening deep groundwater.
The influence of SES, migration background, and non-cognitive abilities on PISA reading and mathematics achievement: evidence from Sweden
Authors: Boman Björn , Wiberg Marie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe current study analysed the relationships between socio-economic status, migration background, and non-cognitive factors and PISA reading and mathematics achievement. The results from multi-level analyses on Sweden’s PISA survey from 2018 indicate that both mathematics achievement and reading achievement are affected by SES, migration background, reading abilities, growth mindset, and the ability to master the content. Between-school level differences are explained by reading motivation and the mother’s educational level. Our findings stress the importance of both socio-demographic, socio-economic, and non-cognitive factors such as reading self-concept and growth mindset for both mathematics achievement and reading achievement.
Observation of Damage Initiation for Trans-laminar Fracture Using in situ Fast Synchrotron X-ray Radiography and ex situ X-ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , Leung Nathanael , Jargalsaikhan Urangua , Bongaers Evi , Sui Tan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTrans-laminar fracture is an important topic for engineering composites. In this study, trans-laminar fracture initiation in quasi-isotropic carbon/epoxy laminates made of non-crimp fabrics was examined using in situ fast synchrotron X-ray radiography and ex situ X-ray computed tomography. The maximum split lengths were measured by in situ radiography and were compared with the predicted values in a detailed FE model using cohesive elements. Ex situ computed tomography scans were also conducted to confirm that no fibre breakage occurs before the final load drop in the experiments. In situ and ex situ observations are complementary for the understanding of damage initiation.
Concept logic trees: enabling user interaction for transparent image classification and human-in-the-loop learning
Authors: Rodríguez David M. , Cuéllar Manuel P. , Morales Diego P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInterpretable deep learning models are increasingly important in domains where transparent decision-making is required. In this field, the interaction of the user with the model can contribute to the interpretability of the model. In this research work, we present an innovative approach that combines soft decision trees, neural symbolic learning, and concept learning to create an image classification model that enhances interpretability and user interaction, control, and intervention. The key novelty of our method relies on the fusion of an interpretable architecture with neural symbolic learning, allowing the incorporation of expert knowledge and user interaction. Furthermore, our solution facilitates the inspection of the model through queries in the form of first-order logic predicates. Our main contribution is a human-in-the-loop model as a result of the fusion of neural symbolic learning and an interpretable architecture. We validate the effectiveness of our approach through comprehensive experimental results, demonstrating competitive performance on challenging datasets when compared to state-of-the-art solutions.
Time trends in real-world treatment patterns and survival in patients diagnosed with de novo HER2+ metastatic breast cancer: an analysis of the SONABRE registry
Authors: Geurts Sandra M. E. , Ibragimova Khava I. E. , Ding Nan , Meegdes Marissa , Erdkamp Frans , Heijns Joan B. , Tol Jolien , Vriens Birgit E. P. J. , Dercksen Marcus W. , Aaldering Kirsten N. A. , Pepels Manon J. A. E. , van de Winkel Linda , Peters Natascha A. J. B. , van de Wouw Agnes J. , Maaskant Sabrina A. J. G. , Teeuwen-Dedroog Nathalie J. A. , van Nijnatten Thiemo J. A. , de Boer Maaike , Tjan-Heijnen Vivianne C. G. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim was to determine whether the real-world first-line progression-free survival (PFS) of patients diagnosed with de novo human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) has improved since the introduction of pertuzumab in 2013. In addition to PFS, we aimed to determine differences in overall survival (OS) and the use of systemic and locoregional therapies.

Methods
Included were patients systemically treated for de novo HER2+ ABC in ten hospitals in 2008–2017 from the SONABRE Registry (NCT-03577197). First-line PFS and OS in 2013–2017 versus 2008–2012 was determined using Kaplan–Meier analyses and multivariable Cox proportional hazards modelling. First-given systemic therapy and the use of locoregional therapy within the first year following diagnosis were determined per period of diagnosis.

Results
Median and five-year PFS were 26.6 months and 24% in 2013–2017 (n = 85) versus 14.5 months and 10% in 2008–2012 (n = 81) (adjusted HR = 0.65, 95%CI:0.45–0.94). Median and five-year OS were 61.2 months and 51% in 2013–2017 versus 26.1 months and 28% in 2008–2012 (adjusted HR = 0.55, 95%CI:0.37–0.81). Of patients diagnosed in 2013–2017 versus 2008–2012, 84% versus 60% received HER2-targeted therapy and 59% versus 0% pertuzumab-based therapy as first-given therapy. Respectively, 27% and 23% of patients underwent locoregional breast surgery, and 6% and 7% surgery of a metastatic site during the first year following diagnosis.

Conclusion
The prognosis of patients with de novo HER2 + ABC has improved considerably. Since 2013 one in four patients were alive and free from progression on first-given therapy for at least five years.
Efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of type 1 diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Yang Yang , Qi Yun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo investigate the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Articles about the effects of mesenchymal stromal cells for T1D were retrieved in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases up to July 2023. Additional relevant studies were manually searched through citations. HbA1c, FBG, PBG, insulin requirement and C-peptide were assessed. The risk of bias was evaluated with the ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools. Six RCTs and eight nRCTs were included. Of the 14 studies included, two evaluated BM-MSCs, three evaluated UC-MSCs, five evaluated AHSCT, two evaluated CB-SCs, and two evaluated UC-SCs plus aBM-MNCs. At the end of follow-up, ten studies found that mesenchymal stromal cells improved glycemic outcomes in T1D, while the remaining four studies showed no significant improvement. Findings support the positive impacts observed from utilizing mesenchymal stromal cells in individuals with T1D. However, the overall methodological quality of the identified studies and findings is heterogeneous, limiting the interpretation of the therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stromal cells in T1D. Methodically rigorous research is needed to further increase credibility.
An Evaluation of Child and Parent Outcomes Following Community-Based Early Intervention with Randomised Parent-Mediated Intervention for Autistic Pre-Schoolers
Authors: Green Cherie C. , Bent Catherine A. , Smith Jodie , Chetcuti Lacey , Uljarević Mirko , Pye Katherine , Toscano Gabrielle , Hudry Kristelle ,   The Victorian ASELCC Team
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
As autistic children are being diagnosed at a younger age, the need to identify appropriate early supports has increased. Therapist-delivered and parent-mediated autism intervention may benefit children and parents.

Objective
This pilot study examined developmental outcomes for autistic pre-schoolers and mental health and wellbeing outcomes for their parents (n = 53) following a 10-month intervention period.

Methods
All families were accessing therapist-delivered interventions—the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) or usual community services—and some families also received additional parent-coaching ESDM (P-ESDM). Families were assessed at 3 timepoints.

Results
Overall children made significant gains in cognitive skills and adaptive behaviour, with no differences between groups. Parents overall reported increased parenting stress over time. P-ESDM conferred no added benefit for child outcomes, and similarly, no clear benefit for parent outcomes.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that children receiving early intervention make developmental gains, regardless of type of intervention, and challenges assumptions that, as an adjunct to other intervention programs, P-ESDM improves child or parent outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the effects of parent-mediated programs.