bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is There an Optimal Chemotherapy Regimen for the Treatment of Advanced Gastric Cancer That Will Provide a Platform for the Introduction of New Biological Agents?
Authors: Pozzo Carmelo , Barone Carlo 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Globally, gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death. The majority of gastric cancer patients will have at presentation or will ultimately develop overt metastatic disease. Meta-analysis has demonstrated not only that systemic chemotherapy can improve survival in patients with advanced disease but also that the best survival results in earlier randomized studies have been achieved with three-drug regimens containing a fluoropyrimidine, an anthracycline, and cisplatin. Although there has been little progress historically in improving median overall survival times beyond the 9-month plateau achievable with the standard epirubicin–cisplatin–infusional 5-fluoropyrimidine (ECF) combination, the availability of newer cytotoxic anticancer agents has provided some measure of optimism that current outcomes can be improved. A number of new triplet and doublet combinations incorporating docetaxel, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, capecitabine, and S-1 have been explored in randomized trials. Although some combinations, such as epirubicin–oxaliplatin–capecitabine, have been shown to be as effective as (or perhaps more effective than) ECF, and although promising early data have been derived for S-1 in combination with cisplatin, a lack of studies in which direct comparisons have been made currently hinders the identification of the optimal regimen in this setting. One factor that might contribute to the lack of clear progress is the absence of consensus on the utility of second-line cytotoxic treatments. It can therefore be concluded that, although there is no first-line regimen that is clearly the most appropriate platform for the investigation of biological agents, there are a number of combinations that have been shown to be effective and therefore good candidates.
Recent Advances in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Charles Jane M. , Carpenter Laura A. , Jenner Walter , Nicholas Joyce S. 
Published: July 2008

Objective: This review article provides an overview of the most recent developments in the literature regarding autism spectrum disorders including epidemiology, etiology, assessment, and management/treatment. Method: A review of the recent literature was conducted using Medline and the search term “Autism Spectrum Disorders.” Results: Autism Spectrum Disorders are more common than previously believed (1 in 166), and etiology appears to be multifaceted including both heritable and non-heritable factors. State of the art treatment includes comprehensive medical monitoring as well as behavioral intervention. Conclusions: Current and anticipated federal funding, policy changes, and large scale research projects provide promise for increasing knowledge about Autism Spectrum Disorders.
The Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale Form a (Das-A) in a Community Sample
Authors: Wong Daniel Fu Keung , Chan Kin Sun , Lau Ying 
Published: July 2008

Objective: This study investigated the reliability and validity of the DAS-A in a sample of 308 Chinese adults in Hong Kong. Method: The reliability of the DAS-A and its relevant sub-scales was measured using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and Guttman split-half reliability. Principal components analysis was performed to assess construct validity. Discriminant validity of the DAS-A was performed by examining whether the DAS-A could discriminate between the depressed and the non-depressed subjects in this study. Results: The split-half reliability of the DAS-A was found to be r = 0.87; Cronbach's alpha was 0.945; and item-total correlations ranged between 0.36 and 0.75. Factor analysis revealed three factors that were similar to those that were found in other studies: Performance Evaluation, Need for Approval, and Anaclitic Self-Esteem. Discriminant validity suggested that the DAS-A discriminated successfully between the non-depressed and the depressed groups. Nevertheless, some differences were noticed in the relative strength of the factors and in the distribution of the scale items into the three factors. Conclusion: It was hoped that with this type of cross-cultural information, the universality of the constructs of the DAS-A could be reliably demonstrated.
The Prevalence of Borderline Personality among Buprenorphine Patients
Authors: Sansone Randy A. , Whitecar Phillip , Wiederman Michael W. 
Published: July 2008

Objective: In this study, we examined the prevalence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in a sample of patients seeking outpatient treatment with buprenorphine for opioid addiction. Method: To assess for BPD, we used three self-report surveys in a consecutive study sample. Results: Of the 111 participants who completed all three measures of BPD, 49 (44.1%) exceeded the cut-off score indicative of BPD. Conclusions: Among individuals who are addicted to opioids and seeking treatment with buprenorphine, the prevalence of BPD, as mutually confirmed by three self-report measures, is quite high.
Studies on Black Iron Oxide Pigment. Part I: Effect of Preparation Parameter on Physical and Optical Properties of Ferrosoferric Oxide
Authors: Neger AJM Tahuran , Parvin Sufia , Ahmed Aftabuddin , Alam AM Shafiqul 
Published: July 2008

Black iron oxide pigment has been successfully prepared by traditional method. Ferrous sulphate was used as the starting iron source. The effect of amount of acid, type and amount of alkali and oxidizing agent on colour and yield were also studied. It was found that, the conversion of insitu produced ferrous chloride to ferrosoferric oxide yielded brilliant colour hue than that produced directly from ferrous sulphate. The produced ferrosoferric oxide were analyzed for purity and characterized for physical properties to be used as a pigment. The prepared samples were found to be comparable with BAYER bayferrox 318. Statistical evaluation also confirmed the experimental result. Key words : Black oxide pigment, Optical properties, Ferrous sulphate, Oxidizing agent DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i2.962 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(2), 183-196, 2008
Effect of Incorporation Time of Groundnut Residue on Succeeding Rice Crop
Authors: Basak NC , Hossain SM Altaf , Islam N , Bhuiyan NI 
Published: July 2008

An experiment was conducted during 1999 and 2000 kharif seasons to know the right time of incorporation of groundnut crop residue and its subsequent effect on the following rice crop. The treatments of the experiment were five incorporation time of groundnut crop residue i.e., 12 days before transplanting (12 DBT), 9 DBT, 6 DBT, 3 DBT and 0 DBT of following T. aus rice along with a control (no incorporation of residue). The results showed that yield contributing characters and yield of T. aus rice varied significantly and increased with the increase of incorporation time. But incorporation at 3 days before transplanting performed worst due to seedling mortality by gas injury. The other incorporation time treatments gave identical grain yield (3.69-3.99 t ha-1 in1999 and 3.90-4.10 t ha-1 in 2000) and straw yield (3.89-4.67 t ha-1 in 1999 and 4.00-4.43 t ha-1 in 2000). The average highest grain yield (4.04 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment 12 DBT. Key words: Residue effect, Incorporation period, Rice, Yield, Soil fertility. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i2.964 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(2),207-214, 2008
Micropropagation of <i>Eclipta alba</i> (Linn.) Hassk- a Valuable Medicinal Herb
Authors: Hassan AKM Sayeed , Afroz Farhana , Bari Laila Shamroze , Munshi John Liton , Jahan Miskat Ara Akhter , Khatun Rahima 
Published: July 2008

A protocol was established for mass propagation of a valuable medicinal herb, Eclipta alba (Linn.) Hassk (Asteraceae) through in vitro culture. Apical and axillary buds of young sprouts from selected plants were used as explants. Best shoot induction was observed on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mgl-1 BAP + 0.1 mgl-1 NAA, in which 94% of the explants produced 18 shoots per culture. Repeated subcultures in the same medium, resulted rapid shoot multiplication with 26 shoots per culture. In vitro raised shoots rooted on half strength MS medium with 1.0 mgl-1 IBA +1.0 mgl-1 NAA. For acclimatization and transplantation, the plantlets in the rooting culture tubes were kept in normal room temperature for 7 days before transplanting in pots where plantlets were reared for three weeks. The survival rate of regenerated plantlets was 80%. Key words: Eclipta alba, Medicinal plant, Shoot proliferation, Micropropagation, Acclimatization DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i2.965 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(2), 215-222, 2008
Parasitic Infection with <i>Cirrhina mrigala</i> (Hamilton) Collected from Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Bhuiyan Abdus Salam , Musa Abu Saleh Md. , Musa Golam Mohammad , Zaman Tanjeena 
Published: July 2008

The parasitic infection was studied on Cirrhina mrigala, an indigenous major carp in different water bodies of Rajshahi district during April 2006 to January 2007. A total of 83 specimens of C. mrigala were examined during the study period of which 74 fishes were observed to be infected by numerous protozoan and metazoan parasites. A total number of 3063 parasites were recorded from the infected fishes. Ten different parasitic genera, Trichodina, Myxobolus, Chilodonella, Ichthyophthirius, Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus, Fellodistomum, Eucreadium, Camallanus and Argulus were identified from the hosts sampled. Among them seven were cetoparasites and three were endoparasites. Parasites were collected from different body parts of the fishes. Most of the parasites were collected from external body surfaces and gills. Prevalence, intensity and abundance of the infection with parasites were varied to different length groups of the hosts and months of the year. In case of length, the medium sized fishes were more infected than the maximum sized and their prevalence, intensity and abundance were highest. Infection rate was lowest in larger size fish group. In seasonal variation, the maximum infection was observed in pre-winter and the lowest number was recorded in rainy season. Key words: Parasitic infection, Cirrhina mrigala, Prevalence, Intensity, Abundance. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i2.968 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(2), 243-250, 2008
Repellency of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> Herbst and <i>Tribolium confusum</i> Duval (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) to the Rhizome and Leaf Extracts of <i>Zingiber cassumunar</i> Roxb.
Authors: Khanam LAM , Rahman MS , Mahfuz I 
Published: July 2008

Repellent activity of different solvent extracts of Zingiber cassumunar rhizome and leaf against Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum were conducted. The results indicated that both the insect species were repelled by Z. cassumunar rhizome and leaf extracts. Among these, acetone extracts of rhizome showed highest repellency to T. castaneum than those of other extract tested. Petroleum ether extracts of Z. cassumunar leaf acted as repulsive to T. castaneum whereas other extracts exhibited weak to moderate effects to the beetles. All the extracts of leaf produced weak to moderate effects to T. confusum however, methanol extract of leaf showed little effect to the bettles. Key words: Zingiber cassumunar, Seed and leaf extracts, Repellency, Tribolium castaneum, T. confusum.DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i2.969 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(2), 251-258, 2008
Alkylation of Cresols with Cyclohexene in the Presence of <i>p</i>-Toluenesulphonic Acid
Authors: Saha Manoranjan , Dey Haradhan Chandra , Karim Mohammad Ziaul , Ismail Mohammad , Saha Dipti 
Published: July 2008

Isomeric cresols have been cycloalkylated with cyclohexene in the presence of p-toluenesulphonic acid as catalyst. The effects of the variation of temperature, molar ratio of cresol to cyclohexene, time of reaction and amount of p-toluenesulphonic acid on the reactions have been studied and cyclohexyl cresols have been obtained in high yield.DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i2.973 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(2), 277-282, 2008
Siren canora: the mermaid and the mythical in late nineteenth-century science
Authors: BRINK-ROBY H. 
Published: July 2008

This paper argues that, for a number of naturalists and lay commentators in the second half of the nineteenth century, evolutionary – especially Darwinian – theory gave new authority to mythical creatures. These writers drew on specific elements of evolutionary theory to assert the existence of mermaids, dragons and other fabulous beasts. But mythological creatures also performed a second, often contrapositive, argumentative function; commentators who rejected evolution regularly did so by dismissing these creatures. Such critics agreed that Darwin's theory legitimized the mythological animal, but they employed this legitimization to undermine the theory itself.The mermaid, in particular, was a focus of attention in this mytho-evolutionary debate, which ranged from the pages of Punch to the lecture halls of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Crossing social boundaries and taking advantage of a range of venues, this debate arose in response to the indeterminate challenge of evolutionary theory. In its discussions of mermaids and dragons, centaurs and satyrs, this discourse helped define that challenge, construing and constructing the meanings and implications of evolutionary theory in the decades following Darwin's publication.
Robert McAndrew FRS (1802–1873) – a family perspective
Authors: MacANDREW RICHARD 
Published: July 2008

A brief biographical account is given of the nineteenth-century marine dredger, naturalist and shell collector, Robert McAndrew, based on a hitherto unavailable family memoir written in 1915 by his youngest son, George. Robert McAndrew's extensive shell collection is kept in the University of Cambridge Museum of Zoology. George's own residence was at Juniper Hall in Surrey, a property sold to the National Trust in 1945 and now leased to the Field Studies Council as a field study centre.
The origin of modern ornithology in Europe
Authors: HAFFER J. 
Published: July 2008

During the nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century, ornithology was deeply subdivided into systematic ornithology and field ornithology (natural history of birds). In the early 1920s, Erwin Stresemann (1889–1972) in Berlin, Germany, initiated the integration of both branches into a unified New Avian Biology through a change of the editorial policy of Journal für Ornithologie and through the publication of his large volume Aves (1927–1934) in Handbuch der Zoologie which became the founding document of modern ornithology in central Europe (“Stresemann revolution”). It was quickly recognized that birds are well suited for studies into the problems of functional morphology, physiology, ecology, behaviour, and orientation of animals. The “Stresemann revolution” went unnoticed in Great Britain, where the established editorial policy of the leading ornithological journal, The Ibis, from the 1920s to the mid-1940s was to publish articles based on a traditional definition of science, fact-gathering rather than answering open questions. Several authors who had published biological studies since 1900 remained on the fringes of British ornithology. One of these was David Lack (1910–1973) who, during the mid-1940s, was able to introduce the New Avian Biology to the United Kingdom against the resistance of the majority of conservatively minded older British ornithologists. As his own contributions to the New Avian Biology, Lack added the broad fields of evolutionary ecology and population biology of birds which, under his leadership, became the major research topics of the Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology at the University of Oxford.
Hybrid CdSe Nanoparticle–Carbazole Dendron Boxes: Electropolymerization and Energy‐Transfer Mechanism Shift
Authors: Park Yushin , Taranekar Prasad , Park Jin Young , Baba Akira , Fulghum Timothy , Ponnapati Ramakrishna , Advincula Rigoberto C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCarbazole containing ligand dendrons are designed based on second generation polybenzyl ether dendrons (2GPO). This is subsequently used for directly synthesizing and capping CdSe nanoparticles in contrast to ligand exchange for introducing functionality. The stable hybrid CdSe‐2GPO quantum dot nanoparticles have characteristic energy‐transfer properties from the donor carbazole peripheral groups to the acceptor CdSe nanoparticles, i.e., overlap of the fluorescence of the carbazole with the absorbance of the CdSe nanoparticle resulting in an enhanced fluorescence with concentration through Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). However, electropolymerization of the peripheral electroactive carbazole units result in a red‐shift in absorbance and quenching in fluorescence. This is attributed to a reversed molecular orbital energy order with respect to the electropolymerized carbazole dendron and CdSe nanoparticle. The hole‐transfer results in fluoresence quenching and charge transfer between the CdSe nanoparticles and the polycarbazole peripheral units. The photoelectric alteration may yet provide for an interesting electro‐optical or sensing device application based on electrochemical properties of the hybrid material.
Microwave Arcing Induced Formation and Growth Mechanisms of Core/Shell Metal/Carbon Nanoparticles in Organic Solutions
Authors: Hsin Yu‐Lin , Lin Chia‐Fen , Liang Yu‐Chia , Hwang Kuo Chu , Horng Jia‐Cherng , Ho Ja‐an Annie , Lin Chun‐Cheng , Hwu Jih Ru 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWell‐graphitized core/shell iron/carbon nanoparticles (Fe@CNPs) were formed in toluene solutions containing Fe(CO)5‐C60/70 via an novel microwave arcing process. High temperature γ‐Fe phase was found to be stable at room temperature when encapsulated inside graphene shells. In the absence of C60/70, the structures of graphene shells are poor. Pre‐synthesized Co nanoparticles were used as templates for the growth of graphene shells in toluene‐C60/70 solutions. Via acid etching and removal of the central core Co nanoparticles, hollow carbon nanoparticles could be obtained. Further thermal annealing by focused microwave irradiation leads to merging of small core/shell metal/carbon nanoparticles into large ones, as well as conversion of body centered cubic (bcc) α‐Fe to face centered cubic (fcc) γ‐Fe. The possible growth mechanisms of core/shell metal/carbon nanoparticles were discussed.
Imaging Surface Immobilization Chemistry: Correlation with Cell Patterning on Non‐Adhesive Hydrogel Thin Films
Authors: Takahashi Hironobu , Emoto Kazunori , Dubey Manish , Castner David G. , Grainger David W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHigh‐fidelity surface functional group (e.g., N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) reactive ester) patterning is readily and reliably achieved on commercial poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based polymer films already known to exhibit high performance non‐fouling properties in full serum and in cell culture conditions. NHS coupling chemistry co‐patterned with methoxy‐capped PEG using photolithographic methods is directly spatially imaged using imaging time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) and principal components statistical analysis. Patterned NHS surface reactive zones are clearly resolved at high sensitivity despite the complexity of the polymer matrix chemistry. ToF‐SIMS imaging also reveals the presence of photo‐resist residue remaining from typical photolithography processing methods. High cross‐correlation between various ion‐derived ToF‐SIMS images is observed, providing sensitive chemical corroboration of pattern chemistry and biological reactivity in complex milieu. Surface‐specific protein coupling is observed first by site‐selective reaction of streptavidin with NHS patterns, followed by identical patterns of biotinylated Alexa‐labeled albumin coupling. This suggests that streptavidin immobilized on the patterns remains bioactive. Fluorescently labeled full serum is shown to react selectively with NHS‐reactive regions, with minimal signal from methoxy‐capped regions. Insufficient serum is adsorbed under any conditions to these surfaces to support cell attachment in serum‐containing media. This reflects the high intrinsic non‐adsorptive nature of this chemistry. Fibroblasts attach and proliferate in serum culture only when a cell adhesion peptide (RGD) is first grafted to NHS regions on the PEG‐based surfaces. Longer‐term serum‐based cell culture retains high cell‐pattern fidelity that correlates with chemical imaging of both the NHS and RGD patterns and also lack of cell adhesion to methoxy‐capped regions. Cell staining shows orientation of adherent cells within the narrow patterned areas. Cell patterns are consistently retained beyond 15 days in serum media.
Directed Self‐Assembly of Gradient Concentric Carbon Nanotube Rings
Authors: Hong Suck Won , Jeong Wonje , Ko Hyunhyub , Kessler Michael R. , Tsukruk Vladimir V. , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHundreds of gradient concentric rings of linear conjugated polymer, (poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐ phenylenevinylene], i.e., MEH‐PPV) with remarkable regularity over large areas were produced by controlled “stick‐slip” motions of the contact line in a confined geometry consisting of a sphere on a flat substrate (i.e., sphere‐on‐flat geometry). Subsequently, MEH‐PPV rings were exploited as a template to direct the formation of gradient concentric rings of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with controlled density. This method is simple, cost effective, and robust, combining two consecutive self‐assembly processes, namely, evaporation‐induced self‐assembly of polymers in a sphere‐on‐flat geometry, followed by subsequent directed self‐assembly of MWNTs on the polymer‐templated surfaces.
Microcapsules Containing a Biomolecular Motor for ATP Biosynthesis
Authors: He Qiang , Duan Li , Qi Wei , Wang Kewei , Cui Yue , Yan Xuehai , Li Junbai 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOver the past two decades, advances in modern biology and nanotechnology have enabled a rapid development in the design and building of biomimetic functional materials. ATP synthase is one of the most extensively studied molecular machines because it can be used as a rotary motor in the design of novel nanodevices and it can also continuously synthesize ATP in an artificial environment. A lot of research efforts have focused on assembling ATP synthase in biomimetic systems so that a complex cellular process can be constructed in a controllable manner. As we summarize here, layer‐by‐layer assembled microcapsules have proved to be a suitable cellular mimetic structure, which can be applied for engineering active biomimetic systems with a cellular process. An added benefit is that these assembled microcapsules can be used as bioenergy containers and thus ATP supply on demand.magnified image
Nanostructured Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Devices
Authors: Guo Yu‐Guo , Hu Jin‐Song , Wan Li‐Jun 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOne of the greatest challenges for our society is providing powerful electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. Rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries and fuel cells are amongst the most promising candidates in terms of energy densities and power densities. Nanostructured materials are currently of interest for such devices because of their high surface area, novel size effects, significantly enhanced kinetics, and so on. This Progress Report describes some recent developments in nanostructured anode and cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, addressing the benefits of nanometer‐size effects, the disadvantages of ‘nano’, and strategies to solve these issues such as nano/micro hierarchical structures and surface coatings, as well as developments in the discovery of nanostructured Pt‐based electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Approaches to lowering the cost of Pt catalysts include the use of i) novel nanostructures of Pt, ii)new cost‐effective synthesis routes, iii) binary or multiple catalysts, and iv) new catalyst supports.magnified image