bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic distribution of skin cancer
Authors: Urbach Frederick 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe role of the ultraviolet radiation of sunlight is presented in relation to the etiology and incidence of skin cancers. While the exposure to the carcinogenic range of the ultraviolet component of the solar spectrum was found to be of primary significance, ethnic background is also an important factor in the epidemiology of skin cancers. The significance of ethnic factors is illustrated by the high death rate from skin cancer in Ireland, although the total erythema dose is considerably smaller than in other countries where the death rate from skin cancer is lower. Environmental factors, such as reflection, scatter, and shielding, are discussed in regard to determining the degree of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The distribution of skin cancer on the body surface indicates the importance of the anatomic contours in determining the development of epidermal malignant tumors. The majority of squamous cell carcinomas of the skin appear to be caused directly by chronic exposure to sunlight. The incidence of two‐thirds of basal cell carcinomas is also related to damage of the skin by ultraviolet radiation. The fact that one‐third of basal cell carcinomas occur in anatomical locations which receive relatively little ultraviolet radiation suggests that other factors are significant in the genesis of this tumor. The data presented indicate that appropriate prophylactic measures may be developed for these largely preventable types of cancer.
Curettage and electrodesiccation as a method of treatment for epitheliomas of the skin
Authors: Crissey John T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe technique of curettage and electrodesiccation in the treatment of carcinomas of the skin is described. The 5‐year cure rate for this technique compares favorably with the 5‐year cure rate for other methods of treatment. Curettage and electrodesiccation subjects the patient to a minimum of pain and inconvenience. Situations in which other methods of treatment are preferable are presented.
Cost effectiveness in the post‐treatment follow‐up of cancer patients
Authors: Spratt John S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe provision of a beneficial follow‐up system at a realistic cost within a fixed budget became a subject of investigation at the Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital (EFSCH) when, in 1961, the number of patients to be seen exceeded the capacity of the staff and facilities to accommodate them. The interval recurrence rate for different categories of cancer not cured by primary therapy was determined and used to evaluate the frequency and methods of post‐treatment follow‐up examination. Disparities were found between the interval recurrence rates and the follow‐up schedule used prior to 1961. A series of clinical management studies was conducted to review the prognostic indicators that increased the likelihood for control with primary treatment and for the development of recurrence, the value of clinical laboratory and roentgen evaluations in diagnosing recurrences, the efficacy of retreatment, the development of additional neoplasms in the same host, and the number of years of productive life added to a population as a result of follow‐up. A site‐specific follow‐up schedule was developed by integrating the periods of risk to develop treatable recurrences with staff, budget, and facilities available. Because of age, low probability of recrudescence of the original neoplasm, and the fact that most persons who have had one cancer treated are at no greater risk to develop additional cancers than the general population of the same age, many EFSCH patients are now returned to community follow‐up after 10 years. The sites having multiple cancers with a frequency greater than could be predicted on the basis of known incidence rates have been identified.
The stimulation and inhibition of the growth capacities of spontaneous tumors of mammary gland origin in mice (adenocarcinomata)
Authors: Strong Leonell C. , Matsunaga Henry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFollowing incubation at 40 C for 10 days, a liver emulsion was divided into two moieties. One (REF) was aged in the refrigerator; the other (ART) was aged at room temperature. With each moiety there were obtained three reactions in regard to the growth capacity of spontaneous tumors. These observations were in sequence (1) a stimulation of growth rate of tumors, (2) no effect on growth capacity of tumors, and finally (3) a pronounced inhibition of tumor growth. Since three of the entities contained in the liver emulsion have been determined by Dr. Arnold Mittleman of Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York, a brief discussion of these facts is included. These observations emphasize very significantly the role of temperature control and aging of the tumor inhibitor in the development of cancer suppression in spontaneous neoplasms in mice.
Suppression of in vivo immune responses in the guinea pig by phytohemagglutinin
Authors: Pilch Ben Z. , Gertner Harold R. , Chretien Paul B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of phytohemagglutinin‐P (PHA) on in vivo immune responses was assessed in guinea pigs. PHA was administered daily, commencing 2 days prior to antigen. This regimen depressed the humoral antibody response to bovine gamma globulin (BGG) (p < 0.005) and abolished the delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) response to tuberculin (BCG) (p < 0.005) after primary immunization with BGG and BCG. In guinea pigs immunized to BCG, PHA inhibited the DCH response to secondary challenge with the antigen. It prolonged the survival of skin allografts exchanged between inbred guinea pigs (NIH strains 2 and 13) from a mean of 10.6 days to 13.1 days(p < 0.01).
The importance of tumor size in prognosis for resected bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: Buell Philip E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen case follow‐up continues for 10 years or more after resection for localized bronchogenic carcinoma, the declining curve of relative survival rates levels out on a zero slope, indicating a normal life expectancy for long‐term survivors. This is the cure index. Among patients with tumors under 6 cm diameter, the smaller the tumor the greater the cure index. For tumors no larger then 2 cm, the cure index is about 80 percent; for tumors 2.5–4 cm, the cure index is better than for tumors 4.5–6 cm. Diligence in use of current methods to find and resect smaller lung carcinomas can be worthwhile. If a technological breakthrough lowered the usual limit of radiographic resolution of a tumor from 1 cm to 0.5 cm, there would be a substantial increase in the proportion of patients truly free of disseminated malignancy after resection.
Technetium‐99m human serum albumin in the differentiation of cerebrovascular and neoplastic lesions
Authors: Jones A. E. , Dunson G. L. , Kyle R. W. , Shamloo M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTechnetium‐99m pertechnetate and technetium‐99m human serum albumin have been used within a 24‐hr interval to evaluate the vascularity of abnormalities detected on routine technetium‐99m pertechnetate brain scans. Human serum albumin tagged with technetium‐99m has provided superior resolution of vascular lesions on static images but offered no advantage over technetium‐99m pertechnetate for early static imaging of neoplastic lesions. The use of technetium‐99m human serum albumin in the resolution of suspicious areas observed on routine technetium‐99m pertechnetate static scans is advised because it (1) more accurately detects vascular lesions, (2) serves better to indicate their total vascularity, and (3) will differentiate vascular lesions from neoplastic lesions.
The liver scan in patients with cancer: Histologic correlation
Authors: Volpe Joseph A. , Lull Robert J. , Nusynowitz Martin L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLiver scans, biopsies, and function studies were reviewed in 63 cancer patients and correlated with autopsy material to determine the value of the liver scan in such patients. The scan is abnormal in 96% of patients with autopsy‐confirmed hepatic disease, but the scan pattern is of little assistance in differentiating tumor from nontumor pathology. Liver function studies are equally nonspecific and even less sensitive than the scan. Percutaneous biopsy, while diagnostic when positive, is insensitive, showing false‐negative results in up to 40% of cases. The liver scan, as the most sensitive indicator of liver disease, may be most valuable when normal, reflecting a better prognosis and aiding in the determination of treatment. When the liver scan is abnormal, more specific tests must be employed. A method of approach is suggested.
Effect of syngeneic tumor cells bound to concanavalin a on tumor growth
Authors: Brugarolas A. , Takita H. , Moore G. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransplanted MOPC 315 solid myelomas in BALB/cCR mice were treated with single injections of 1.6 × 106 syngeneic MOPC 315 cells combined either with human gamma globulin or with Concanavalin A (Con A). The group of mice which received injections of MOPC 315 cells coupled with human gamma globulin failed to show any significant response. The second group which received injections of MOPC 315 cells coated with Con A responded in variable fashion. Response was measured in terms of delay of tumor growth, differences in growth pattern, and prolongation of survival time. Slight response was observed in 8 of the 20 mice; moderate response was seen in 6 mice; 6 mice did not respond. The data obtained point to a possibly effective tumor vaccine which deserves further study.
Metastatic cystosarcoma phyllodes: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kessinger Anne , Foley John F. , Lemon Henry M. , Miller Daniel M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe breast tumor cystosarcoma phyllodes probably does not Rpresent an entity, but rather a spectrum of disease including a benign form, a histologically malignant form, and a metastatic form. In an attempt to better understand the metastatic variant, all 66 cases which could be found in the english literature and an additional case from this institution were reviewed.The tumor often arises from a fibroadenoma, but its etiology is uncertain. Factors that determine the benignity or malignancy of the tumor are unknown, but a lower fertility rate in patients with metastases warrants interest.Incidence is low; cystosarcoma makes up about 0.5% of alI breast tumors and only 3‐12% of these are metastatic.The tumor presents as a breast mass, often of large size, but there is no clinical feature peculiar to the metastatic variant.Gross and microscopic pathologic findings cannot accurately forecast the metastatic potential of the tumor, but are of more predictive value than the clinical presentation. The clinical course is the only sure means of determining metastatic potential at present.Metastases consist of stromal tissue only and can occur in any area of the body. Most commonly the lungs and skeleton are involved. Local recumnce occurs in 51% of metastatic cases.The primary surgical treatment of choice has not yet been defined, but a simple mastectomy with lymph node biopsy seems adequate. Therapy of metastases has been unrewarding thus far.
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns of prostatic cancer and hyperplasia
Authors: Flocks Rubin H. , Schmidt Joseph D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractElectrophoresis using agarose and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) film plus scanning fluorometry provide a simple, fast method for precise and accurate measurement of serum and tissue LDH isoenzymes. Via this method prostate tissue LDH isoenzy mes were determined for over 200 patients with either hyperplasia or cancer. Increased LDH isoenzyme V activities generally selected out the cancer patterns, whereas peak isoenzyme I values did not distinguish between the two groups as well. The LDH index (I/V) only confirmed the LDH V values. That the metabolic changes of neoplasia precede histologic changes is suggested by two patients in whom repeat biopsies demonstrated cancer following elevated isoenzyme V levels in tissue originally considered benign.
The effect of androgen on canine prostatic secretion
Authors: Schoonees R. , Reynoso G. , Murphy G. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe volume and acid phosphatase concentration of and the zinc–65 output in stimulated prostatic fluid were significantly increased by testosterone treatment of intact dogs. The alkaline phosphatase, glucose, fructose, total protein, sodium, potassium, chloride and citric acid concentration were not statistically significantly changed. The cholesterol concentration in the fluid was significantly decreased by androgen therapy. The finding that bilateral vasectomy caused a significant decrease of the alkaline phosphatase concentration of prostatic fluid of intact control dogs suggests that the vasa deferentia contribute alkaline phosphatase to canine prostatic fluid. The results furthermore indicate that the dog prostate not only secretes small quantities of fructose and glucose but also increases the concentration of fructose in stimulated prostatic fluid on testosterone treatment.
Prostatic adenocarcinoma occurring in men under 50 years of age
Authors: Johnson Douglas E. , Lanieri John P. , Ayala Alberto G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐six cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate in men under 50 years of age were reviewed and compared with a larger group of 599 patients more than 50 years old who also had prostatic carcinoma. Although the disease was more frequently diagnosed in its later stages in the younger population, comparison of survival rates by stage of disease suggested that prognosis was worse in men less than 50 years old. Histologic grading was not useful as an aid in determining prognosis. A plea is made for performing a digital examination of the prostate as a part of all routine physical examinations, regardless of the age of the patient.
Trends and philosophical aspects of cancer with special reference to combined methods of treatment
Authors: Cole Warren H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring the past four or five decades cancer has received more public attention than any other disease. There has been a 15% increase in deaths from cancer in males and a 9% decrease in the female population per 100,000 during the past 15–20 years. It appears more and more likely that viruses play a vital role in the development of human cancer, thus raising the possibility of development of an anti‐cancer vaccine, although many questions remain unanswered. A great deal of research has been done on tumor antigenicity and the use of anti‐tumor vaccines in animals since 1943 when Gross first reported regression of intradermal sarcoma following injection of autoantibodies. Since that time cancer antibodies have been found to be produced by the human being, and it has been shown conclusively that some people have a resistance to cancer whereas others may have little or none. Surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy remain the only three effective methods of treatment, although the latter cannot as yet be considered curative. Until a marked improvement is attained in anticancer drugs it is the author's opinion that the greatest possiblity of significant improvement in results of treatment for cancer lies in the development of effective combinations of methods.
Cancer education: An essential element in the conquest of cancer
Authors: Lee Clark R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCancer education is an essential element in the total national effort to control cancer. No expanded and intensified program, such as the one presently being planned in the United States, will succeed unless it provides the necessary skilled manpower to conduct research, training, and treatment programs. A team of specially trained medical personnel working in close cooperation is essential for adequate care of most cancer patients. There is, therefore, an urgent need to provide specialty training in oncology within each of the medical specialties.
Cultured human lymphocytes
Authors: Moore George E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSuccess in establishing human lymphoid cell lines from patients with various genetic, infectious, and malignant disorders and from normal persons has facilitated many new avenues of research. Most lymphoid cell lines seem to remain stable for months and years and can be preserved in cell banks. The cells maintain many specific characteristics and produce at least 10 identifiable cell products. The continuing synthesis of immunoglobulins is of great interest to immunologists.It is possible to culture kilogram quantities of lymphoid cells for biochemical experiments. Large amounts of cells are useful for studies of lymphocyte‐tumor cell interaction and the possible treatment (lymphocytotherapy) of certain infections and malignancies.
Breast cancer staging systems
Authors: Watson Francis R. , Glass Robert L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEight breast cancer staging systems are compared with one another by means of a check list. Of the 48 items in the check list only one item is used by all systems. There are 29 items, each of which is employed by only one system. It can readily be noted that much of the difficulty in converting stages from one system to another is due to the differences in the precision of wording rather than in concepts. The proffered check list allows one to stage any breast cancer, in the eight systems simultaneously, in a simplified manner.
Radical local excision in the treatment of malignant tumors of the shoulder girdle (The Tikhov‐Linberg operation): Report of a case
Authors: Peltier Leonard F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with secondary chondrosarcoma of the scapula complicating diaphyseal aclasia treated by resection of the shoulder girdle by the method of Tikhov‐Linberg is reported. Good function in the dependent arm and hand were preserved. This technique of radical local excision for tumors of low grade malignancy about the shoulder girdle is occasionally a desirable alternative to an interscapulothoracic amputation.
The question of “preneoplastic” lesions
Authors: Dao Thomas L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHyperplastic nodules developing in the liver and the mammary gland have been frequently associated with the appearance of neoplasia in these tissues. The question whether hyperplastic nodules, a benign lesion as such, may indeed progress into neoplasia is not yet settled. Evidence supporting the designation of hyperplastic alveolar nodules as ‘preneoplastic’ in the carcinogenesis of the mammary gland as well as those refuting it is presented. We suggest three possible ways the normal mammary cells undergo changes after exposure to a carcinogenic agent.
Immunologic response to melanoma of sensitized perfused bone and spleen
Authors: Nolan P. , Norton L. , Abernathy C. , Pierce G. , Eiseman B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA B16 mouse melanoma which will not grow in tissue culture was implanted subcapsularly in 12 isolated perfused pig spleens and subperiosteally in four perfused pig femurs. Tumor implants grew to a maximum 3‐mm size within five to seven days. Metastases developed within the substance of the spleen but not within bones during the 7 to 15 day perfusions. The protective effects of perfustate, concentrated perfusate cells, and suspensions of spleen cells were determined by injecting the fluid fractions simultaneously with melanoma in 25 mice. Concentrated perfusate cells and splenic cells from perfusions over 10 days characteristically prolonged the mean time of tumor appearance and mean survival time of mice inoculated with melanoma. The possible immunologic mechanisms responsible for such protection are discussed.
Multiple arterial infusions with 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: Djalaly A. , Johnson E. C. , Davis H. L. , Ramirez G. , Wirtanen G. W. , Ansfield F. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBetween 1964 and 1969, 24 patients were treated with multiple intra‐arterial 5‐FU infusion. A total of 64 infusions were used: 19 received 2 infusions, 2 received 3, and the remaining 3 patients received 5, 6, and 9 infusions, respectively. The catheter was placed percutaneously through the brachial artery. The criteria for improvement included at least 6 cm decrease in distance of the liver edge from the xiphoid or costal margin, a 50% decrease in the abnormal enzyme studies, a return of elevated bilirubin levels to normal so that jaundice disappeared, and all these responses continued for at least 2 months. Inpatients were treated with 5‐FU, 25 mg/kg/day × 4, then 15 mg/kg/day for 17 days at which time the catheter was removed. Outpatients received 500 mg daily in 140 ml 5% dextrose and 2,500 units heparin daily for 90 days, and then the catheter was removed. Following the termination of each infusion, the patient was given weekly intravenous doses of 5‐FU at 15 mg/kg. After several months, with reactivation of the disease, the intraarterial infusion was repeated. Minimal toxicity and morbidity occurred and there were no deaths. In 24 patients. 56 or 87.6% of the 64 courses of infusion met our criteria of improvement. The average duration of infusion response was 7.2 months. Overall average survival from initiation of infusion therapy was 19.7 months.
A comparative study of palliative resections for gastric carcinoma
Authors: El‐Domeiri Ali A. , Knapper William H. , Fortner Joseph G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOf 449 patients with carcinoma of the stomach seen at Memorial Hospital over a span of 10 years, 80 had palliative gastric resection. Forty‐six had residual gross disease and thirty‐four had microscopic cancer at the margins of the specimen. The postoperative mortality rate was 17.5%. The duration of palliation averaged two thirds of the survival time with 91% of the patients developing late complications.The outcome of any palliative reaction in patients with gastric cancer depends on the location and extent of the disease. Distal subtotal gastrectomy should be performed only in the absence of extensive intra‐abdominal spread or ascites. The high mortality and the poor results of total gastrectomy and esophagogastrectomy preclude their application.
Bronchogenic cancer, sepsis and survival
Authors: Lawton R. L. , Keehn R. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere is much speculation concerning the effect of post‐operative sepsis (empyema) on the course of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Most reported series include only a few patients with short follow‐up. This paper reports a series of over 900 cases of resectable bronchogenic carcinoma who have been followed carefully for five years. At each time interval reported, even excluding the 30‐day mortality, the patients who did not experience infection had a better outlook. The differences are not statistically significant, and lend no support to the apparent increased survival associated with infection and bronchogenic carcinoma.
Alterations of blood sugar and plasma insulin after cryosurgery of functioning islet‐cell tumor
Authors: Neel H. Bryan , Myers Richard S. , Ketcham Alfred S. , Hammond William G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCryosurgical destruction of a functioning islet‐cell tumor was performed in hamsters. The mean blood sugar in tumor‐bearing animals before freezing was 67 mg per 100 ml. Four hours after tumor destruction it was 137 mg per 100 ml, and by 24 hours after treatment it was 110 mg per 100 ml. Respective mean plasma insulin values were 95 μU/ml, 33μU/ml, and 55 μU/ml, the normal range being 22 to 56 μU/ml. Blood sugar and plasma insulin levels were similarly affected after treatment in both cured animals and in those which later developed tumor recurrence or metastases. However, after the appearance of recurrent tumor or metastases. blood sugar and plasma insulin followed the course seen in untreated animals. The number of animals remaining free of recurrent tumor varied with the size of the probe tip used for cryonecrosis. Localized in situ tumor destruction controlled the hypersccretion of this functional endocrine malignancy.