bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and surface activity of modified soy protein
Authors: Lin Li‐Huei , Chen Keng‐Ming 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA series of novel surfactants have been prepared by the reaction of hydrolyzed soy protein with alkyl succinic anhydride. These novel surfactants exhibit excellent surface active properties including surface tension, foaming, emulsifying, wetting power, and buffer ability. The hydrophobic modified protein exhibit more surface activity than original protein because of the enhanced hydrophobicity in structure. The increase in hydrophobic chain length leads to an increase in the surface activity. The surface tension reduction is correlated to the hydrophobicity of the modified molecule, which was determined by a fluorescent probe. In application on cotton bleaching procedures, these surfactants increase the whiteness of fabrics. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3498–3503, 2006
Barrier properties for short‐fiber‐reinforced epoxy foams
Authors: Alonso M. V. , Auad M. L. , Sorathia U. , Marcovich N. E. , Nutt S. R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe barrier properties of short‐fiber‐reinforced epoxy foam are characterized and compared with unreinforced epoxy foam in terms of moisture absorption, flammability properties, and impact properties. Compression and shear properties are also included to place in perspective the mechanical behavior of these materials. Compared with conventional epoxy foam, foam reinforced with aramid fibers exhibits higher moisture absorption and lower diffusion, while glass‐fiber‐reinforced foam is significantly stiffer and stronger. In addition, the polymeric foam composites studied present superior fire‐resistance compared with conventional epoxy foam systems. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3266–3272, 2006
Red emission from Eu3+: PVA polymer film
Authors: Seeta Rama Raju G. , Buddhudu S. , Varada Rajulu A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBright red luminescent Eu3+ doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films were made by solution casting technique. The emission performance of these films was studied from the measurement of excitation, emission, and lifetimes. On irradiation with an UV source, the doped films emitted bright red light. Such luminescent polymer films are expected to find potential applications as new optical materials. Emission process in the system was explained by an energy level scheme. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3273–3276, 2006
Preparation and characterization of organoclay‐rubber nanocomposites via a new route with skim natural rubber latex
Authors: Alex Rosamma , Nah Changwoon 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSkim natural rubber latex (SNRL) is a protein rich by‐product obtained during the centrifugal concentration of natural rubber (NR) latex. A new method to recover rubber hydrocarbon and to obtain nanocomposites with organoclay (OC) was investigated. The approach involved treatment of SNRL with alkali and surfactant, leading to creaming of skim latex and removal of clear aqueous phase before addition of OC dispersion. Clay mixed latex was then coagulated to a consolidated mass by formic acid, followed by drying and vulcanization like a conventional rubber vulcanizate. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed that NR nanocomposites exhibited a highly intercalated structure up to a loading of 15 phr (parts per hundred rubber) of OC. Transmission electron microscopy studies showed a highly exfoliated and intercalated structure for the NR nanocomposites at loadings of 3–5 phr organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT). The presence of clay resulted in a faster onset of cure and higher rheometric torque. The rubber recovered from skim latex had a high gum strength, and a low amount of OC (5 phr) improved the modulus and tensile strength of NR. The high tensile strength was supported by the tensile fractography from scanning electron microscopy. Thermal ageing at 70°C for 6 days resulted in an improvement in the modulus of the samples; the effect was greater for unfilled NR vulcanizate. The maximum degradation temperature was found to be independent of the presence and concentration of OC. The increased restriction to swelling with the loading of OC suggested a higher level of crosslinking and reinforcement in its presence. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3277–3285, 2006
Reswelling behavior of polycation hydrogels carrying charges on the chain backbone by two‐step surfactant bindings
Authors: Chen Li , Yu Xiao , Li Qingya 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemically crosslinked polycations carrying charges on the chain backbone, that is, x,y‐ionene hydrogels (x = 2 or 6, y = 3 or 6), were successfully synthesized, and their swelling and surfactant binding behaviors were studied. A two‐step surfactant binding that produced swollen, complex hydrogels occurred for ionene hydrogels with a lower charge density. The reswelling of the hydrogels was associated with an excessive amount of surfactant binding, which mainly occurred through a hydrophobic interaction with a one‐to‐one complex. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:3791–3794, 2006
Synthesis, characterization, and thermal degradation of oligo‐2‐(morpholinoiminomethyl)phenol and its Pb(II) complex compound
Authors: Kaya İsmet , Bilici Ali 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe oxidative polycondensation reaction conditions of 2‐(morpholinoiminomethyl)phenol were studied with H2O2, air O2, and sodium hypochloride (NaOCl) oxidants in an aqueous alkaline medium between 40 and 90°C. The structure of oligo‐2‐(morpholinoiminomethyl)phenol was characterized with 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet–visible, size exclusion chromatography, and elemental analysis techniques. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the yield of oligo‐2‐(morpholinoiminomethyl)phenol was 28% for the H2O2 oxidant, 12% for the air O2 oxidant, and 58% for the NaOCl oxidant. According to the size exclusion chromatography analysis, the number‐average molecular weight, weight‐average molecular weight, and polydispersity index of oligo‐2‐(morpholinoiminomethyl)phenol were 2420 g/mol, 2740 g/mol, and 1.187 with H2O2, 1425 g/mol, 2060 g/mol, and 1.446 with air O2, and 1309 g/mol, 1401 g/mol, and 1.070 with NaOCl, respectively. Thermogravimetry/dynamic thermal analysis showed that the oligo‐2‐(morpholinoiminomethyl)phenol–lead complex compound was more stable than 2‐(morpholinoiminomethyl)phenol and oligo‐2‐(morpholinoiminomethyl)phenol against thermal degradation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:3795–3804, 2006
A new modified silicone–TiO2 polymer composite film and its photocatalytic degradation
Authors: Lin Li‐Huei , Lee Hsun‐Tsing 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe photodegradation of the silicone surfactant–TiO2 composite films was characterized by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope. After photocatalytic degradation, the FTIR SiOSi peak intensity of the composite film remained unchanged, implying no cleavage of SiOSi bond. The above SiOSi peak intensity is sensitive to the polyoxyethylene chain length of the composite. The PEG10000‐silicone composite is more resistant to photodegradation than those composites with lower molecular weight of constituent PEGs. The wetting rates of the silicone surfactant–TiO2 composites showed that modified silicone composite films exhibited hydrophobic nature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3341–3344, 2006
Studies of novel copolymers for deep‐UV photoresists. I. Synthesis and properties of poly(styrene‐co‐silicon‐containing maleimide)
Authors: Shu Wei‐Jye 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSoluble copolymers of a series of (N‐maleimido phenoxy) silane monomers with styrene (St) were synthesized by radical polymerization in toluene using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The comonomer reactivity ratios were calculated by the conventional Fineman–Ross and Kelen–Tüdos methods and a nonlinear least‐squares Tidwell–Mortimer method. The glass transition temperatures (Tg's) and thermal degradation of copolymers were determined by differential scanning calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis methods respectively. The introduction of silane side‐chain into maleimide (MI) monomers changed the comonomer reactivity ratio with styrene from an alternating to azeotropic copolymerization. The curves of Tg's versus the different compositions of the synthesized St‐MI copolymers (mentioned earlier) matched a modified Johnston's equation as increasing the effect of weight ratio on alternating segment, and exhibited an S‐shaped curve of deviation in comparison with the Fox's equation. The MI segments within these copolymers exhibited a good compatibility, and the thermal stability and flame retardancy of polystyrene could be enhanced simultaneously via the introduction of silicon‐containing MI. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:3369–3375, 2006
Synthesis, characterization, and properties of a linear poly(ester‐amide) containing ethylene glycol lactate sequences
Authors: Xiao Congming , He Yueying , Luo Xiang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA novel linear lactic acid‐based poly(ester‐amide) (LLPEA) was prepared via polyaddition of toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI) with ethylene lactate succinic half‐ester diacid (ELDA), which contained ethylene glycol lactate sequences and derived from lactic acid. LLPEA was characterized with FTIR, GPC, DSC, TGA, and XRD. The weight average molecular weight and its polydisperse index of LLPEA could be 1.0 × 105 and 2.0, respectively. DSC and XRD analysis showed that LLPEA was a semicrystalline polymer. The glass transition temperature, melting temperature, and the thermal decomposition temperature (50 wt %) of LLPEA were −2, 94, and ∼415°C, respectively. The contact angle determination indicated that LLPEA was a hydrophilic polymer. It was found that the yield strength, tensile strength, and elastic module of LLPEA could be 8.8, 9.6, and 176 MPa, respectively. In addition, the weight loss percentage of LLPEA was 2.5% after 157‐days immersion in activated sludge at ambient temperature, which suggested that LLPEA was degradable. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3805–3808, 2006
Extrusion of microcellular open‐cell LDPE‐based sheet foams
Authors: Lee Patrick C. , Wang Jin , Park Chul B. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this research, highly open‐cell low‐density polyethylene sheet foams are achieved with an annular die by applying various strategies for cell opening, i.e., (i) creation of a structural nonhomogeneity consisting of hard and soft regions with partial crosslinking, (ii) blending of a hard second‐phase material (i.e., polystyrene phase) into the low‐density polyethylene matrix, (iii) plasticization of the soft region with a secondary blowing agent, (iv) decrease of the cell wall thickness by increasing the cell density, and (v) decrease of the cell wall thickness by increasing the expansion ratio while cell walls are soft. Although the higher surface‐to‐volume ratio of the sheet foams compared with filament foams made it challenging to prevent gas loss, highly open‐cell (up to 99%) and microcellular (up to 3.5 × 1010cells/cm3) foam sheets were successfully manufactured with high‐pressure annular dies using the cell‐opening strategies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:3376–3384, 2006
Hg(II) removal with polyacrylamide grafted crosslinked poly(vinyl chloride) beads via surface‐initiated controlled/“living” radical polymerization
Authors: Liu Peng , Guo Jinshan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPolyacrylamide grafted crosslinked poly (vinyl chloride) beads (PAM‐PVC) were prepared by the surface‐initiated controlled/“living” radical polymerization (SI‐CLRP) methodology from the crosslinked poly(vinyl chloride) beads with surface modification with diethyldithiocarbamyl groups under UV irradiation. The macroiniferter, diethyldithiocarbamyl crosslinked poly(vinyl chloride) beads (DEDTC‐PVC) were prepared by the reaction of the surface CCl groups with sodium N,N‐diethyl dithiocarbamate. The “grafting from” polymerization exhibited some “living” polymerization characteristics and the percentage of grafting (PG%) increased linearly with polymerizing time and achieved 47.6% after 6 h UV irradiation. The beaded polymer with polyacrylamide surface was also characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Its adsorption property for Hg(II) ion was also investigated preliminarily. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:3385–3390, 2006
Preparation and pH‐sensitive swelling behavior of physically crosslinked polyampholyte gels
Authors: Zhao Yanbing , Yang Yajiang , Yang Xiangliang , Xu Huibi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA novel polyampholyte hydrogels were prepared by free radical aqueous copolymerization of ionic complex consisting of acrylic acid (AAc), (N,N‐diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DEAEM), and acrylamide (designated as PADA). Without any chemical crosslinker, the formation of PADA network structures was mainly attributed to the electrostatic interaction of AAc (anionic monomer) and DEAEM (cationic monomer). The PADA gels exhibited a typical swelling behavior of polyampholyte gels in buffer solutions. The hysteresis of isoelectric point (pI) for PADA gels was observed after preswollen in alkaline solutions. The swelling behavior of PADA gels in response to change of pH was investigated. It was found that the equilibrium swelling ratio orderly decreased in buffer solutions with alternating pH between 2.2 and 5. An abrupt swelling was observed for the hydrogels at the pH near isoelectric point in the earlier stage of swelling process. The study of swelling kinetics of the hydrogels showed that the swelling process was in agreement with the second‐order swelling kinetics. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3857–3861, 2006
Fourier transform infrared and second derivative ultraviolet spectrometry in determining polystyrene‐poly(4‐methylstyrene) blend composition
Authors: Meal Larie 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPolymer blend usage has increased in recent years as the blends provide a convenient means for modifying polymer properties. It is often necessary to determine the percents or ratios of the polymers present in a blend. One blend of interest is the immiscible blend of polystyrene (PS) and poly(4‐methylstyrene) (P4MS). The percentages were determined by two methods: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and second derivative ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The peak ratio versus percent polymer technique was used in both methods. For the FTIR, the ratio of the absorbance values for the out‐of‐plane CH para‐substituted bending vibration of P4MS at 813 cm−1 and the out‐of‐plane monosubstituted CH bending vibration for PS at 757 cm−1 were ratioed. For derivative UV, the vibrational structures of the aromatic secondary bands were used: the 269 nm minimum for PS and 275 nm minimum for P4MS. The derivative UV method gave considerably better results and also had the advantage of requiring less sample due to its greater sensitivity. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3400–3403, 2006
Constraints on the conversion to sustainable production: the case of the Dutch potato chain
Authors: (Arnoud) Smit A. A. H. , Driessen Peter P. J. , Glasbergen Pieter 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe question of how to make agriculture more sustainable is a timely topic. This paper examines the Dutch potato supply chain in the context of its surrounding network. Based on the chain network approach it identifies constraints on conversion to organic potato production from a business administration and a public administration perspective. Two obvious constraints are the demand for ecologically produced products and the problem of cultivating potatoes. However, the potential for conversion is also affected by the way the market and the supply chain are structured, by the coordination of activities, efficiency‐driven actors, relations and interdependencies between actors and by the asymmetrical distribution of power. Furthermore, conversion is constrained by the limited influence of network parties such as NGOs and current government policies. Based on the analysis, the paper questions whether the ecological approach (organic farming) will be more effective than strengthening a more generic approach stimulating the sustainability of the sector. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Amorphous Silica‐Like Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Santoro Mario , Gorelli Federico A. , Bini Roberto , Ruocco Giancarlo , Scandolo Sandro , Crichton Wilson A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The 1100 °C Isothermal Section of Nb—Mo—Zr Ternary System.
Authors: Xia Changqing , Gao Xiaowei , Li Yangyong 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
HgI2×As4S4: An Adduct from HgI2 Molecules and Undistorted As4S4 Cages.
Authors: Braeu Michael F. , Pfitzner Arno 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New ε‐Bi2O3 Metastable Polymorph.
Authors: Cornei Nicoleta , Tancret Nathalie , Abraham Francis , Mentre Olivier 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Construction of New Heteroselenometallic Clusters: Formation of Crownlike [Et4N]4 [(μ5‐WSe4)(CuI)5(μ‐I)2] and Octahedral Polymeric [(μ6‐WSe4)Cu6I4 (py)4]n from Planar [Et4N]4 [(μ4‐WSe4)Cu4I6] with Additional Faces.
Authors: Zhang Qian‐Feng , Yu Zhan , Ding Jihai , Song Yinglin , Rothenberger Alexander , Fenske Dieter , Leung Wa‐Hung 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[Rb([18]crown‐6)(NH3)3]Au×NH3: Gold as Acceptor in N—H×××Au‐ Hydrogen Bonds.
Authors: Nuss Hanne , Jansen Martin 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of N‐Diphenylphosphinyl Ketimines.
Authors: Wang You‐Qing , Zhou Yong‐Gui 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Chiral Calixarene‐Like Salen Ligand and Application in Catalytic Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts Reaction of Aromatic Amines with Glyoxylate.
Authors: Zhu Chengjian , Yuan Chaoying , Lv Yang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐Bromosuccinimide and Lithium Bromide: An Efficient Combination for the Dibromination of Carbon—Carbon Unsaturated Bonds.
Authors: Shao Li‐Xiong , Shi Min 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Silica Sulfuric Acid as a Reusable Catalyst for the Conversion of Ketones into Amides by a Schmidt Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Eshghi Hossein , Hassankhani Asadollah , Mosaddegh Elaheh 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Mild and Efficient Desilylation of O‐tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl Ethers Mediated by Chlorotrimethylsilane and Potassium Fluoride Dihydrate in Acetonitrile.
Authors: Peng Yu , Li Wei‐Dong Z. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Cleavage of Silyl Protecting Groups with Catalytic Amounts of FeCl3.
Authors: Yang Yong‐Qing , Cui Jian‐Rong , Zhu Lin‐Gui , Sun Ya‐Ping , Wu Yikang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of the Acetals with TESOTf—Base Combination — Speculation of the Intermediates and Efficient Mixed Acetal Formation.
Authors: Fujioka Hiromichi , Okitsu Takashi , Sawama Yoshinari , Murata Nobutaka , Li Ruichuan , Kita Yasuyuki 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dual Thiophilic or Carbophilic Reactivity of N,N‐Dialkyl Perfluorocarboxylic Thioamides with Organometallic Reagents.
Authors: Timoshenko Vadim M. , Shermolovich Yuriy G. , Grellepois Fabienne , Portella Charles 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Polyfunctional Ketenimines and 1‐Azadienes Use of tert‐Butyl Isocyanide and Acetylenic Esters in the Presence of 3‐Chloropentane‐2,4‐dione.
Authors: Asghari Sakineh , Qandalee Mohammad , Bijan‐Zadeh Hamid Reza 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 3,3,4,4‐Tetrafluoro‐1,2‐bis(imino)cyclobutanes: A Cyclic Version of Fluorinated α‐Diimines.
Authors: Amii Hideki , Kohda Mitsuhiro , Katagiri Toshimasa , Uneyama Kenji 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1,2‐Bisanionic Coupling Approach to 2,3‐Disubstituted Cyclopentenols and Cyclopentenones.
Authors: Luparia Marco , Vadala Alessandro , Zanoni Giuseppe , Vidari Giovanni 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Cyclic Vinylogous Esters and Thioesters by Pd‐Catalyzed Decarboxylation of Enol Carbonate and β‐Ketoester Substrates.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Bream Robert N. , Xu Jiayi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.