bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expert survey on real‐world data utilization and real‐world evidence generation for regulatory decision‐making in drug lifecycle in Korea
Authors: Lee Hankil , Ahn Hyeon‐Soo , Kwon Sol , Kang Hye‐Young , Han Euna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs the importance of utilizing real‐world data (RWD)/real‐world evidence (RWE) for supporting regulatory scientific decision‐making continues to grow, experiences and inputs from experts become crucial for developing a systematic and practice‐oriented plan for the use of fit‐for‐purpose RWD/RWE. This study aimed to survey relevant experts from government agencies, industries, and academia to identify prerequisites for the drug life cycle in Korea. The questionnaire comprised the following: (A) the definition and categories of RWD/RWE, (B) the suitability and feasibility of using RWD/RWE at each authorization stage by the types of RWD, and (C) the challenges and solutions for the use of RWD/RWE. A total of 46 respondents completed the online survey, with 89.1% of them having prior experience with RWD/RWE usage. A majority of respondents agreed that RWD can be obtained from various sources. Among these sources, the registry was the most suitable source. It is suitable to compensate for the limitations of randomized control trials and ensure quality in data collection. Though there was consensus among the respondents for the use of RWD/RWE in post‐marketing surveillance, the use of such data in new drug application (NDA) was disagreeable. Respondents considered it necessary to write a protocol in advance for RWD collection and RWE generation, for all RWD types. In conclusion, this study examined the perceptions of experts for RWD/RWE use at each approval stage of drugs. The results suggest that guidelines for the fit‐for‐purpose use of RWD/RWE should be developed via careful deliberation among experts in the future.
Neglecting the poor and marginalized: Participatory village governance in Indonesia's New Developmentalist state
Authors: Syukri Muhammad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMotivationsParticipatory governance is commonly implemented as an ad hoc programme to empower the citizen. In limited cases, such as Indonesia, it is institutionalized into the state bureaucracy and implemented nationwide. However, implemented by a New Developmentalist regime that is nationalistic and centralistic in its governance approach, the effectiveness of participatory institutions for overcoming issues of poverty and marginality is under question.PurposesDrawing from case studies on the implementation of the New Village Law in Indonesia, this article critically examines how the Participatory Village Governance policy has been designed and implemented by the New Developmentalist regime to address issues of poverty and marginality.MethodsThis article is based on a field monitoring study of the implementation of the Village Law at the village level, and supplemented by qualitative interviews at the village, district, and national levels with the implementing agencies of the participatory institutions and the broader community.FindingThe research findings show that the new policy of Participatory Village Governance has a narrow focus on the village economy and infrastructure to serve the interests of the New Developmentalist regime of Joko Widodo rather than the interests of the people of the village. The centralistic approach in the implementation of the new policy has also overlooked the issues of poverty and marginality, dampening the true potentials of the participatory approach.Policy implicationThe participatory approach in development and governance has huge potential, including the addressing of poverty and marginality issues. However, a centralistic approach in design and implementation, removing the political dimension of participatory approach, can jeopardize the possible outcomes. It is advised that participatory governance must be equipped with its very fundamental components, namely, political empowerment.
Forecasting hotel cancellations through machine learning
Authors: Herrera Anita , Arroyo Ángel , Jiménez Alfredo , Herrero Álvaro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccurate and reliable forecasting of cancellations is important for successful revenue management in the tourism industry. The objective of this study is to develop classification models to predict hotel booking cancellations. The work involves a number of key steps, such as data preprocessing to properly prepare the data; feature engineering to identify relevant attributes to help improve the predictive ability of the models; hyperparameter settings of the models, including choice of optimizers and incorporation of dropout layers to avoid overfitting in the neural networks; potential overfitting is evaluated using K‐fold cross‐validation; and performance is analysed using the confusion matrix and various performance metrics. The algorithms used are Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network, Radial Basis Function Neural Network, Deep Neural Network, Decision Tree Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, Ada Boost Classifier and XgBoost Classifier. Finally, the results of all models are compared, visualizing Deep Neural Network and XgBoost as the most suitable models for predicting hotel reservation cancellations.
In the same storm but not the same boat: Intimate relationship changes across the pandemic
Authors: Eubanks Fleming CJ , Rose Abbey , Barba Kerry , Siciliano Marli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe current study asked U.S.‐based participants to describe how the pandemic had changed their relationship with their intimate partner during the initial lockdown in March–May 2020, and then again in February–March 2021.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has been a major stressor for couples and families.MethodThe study includes 592 partnered individuals drawn from a larger study evaluating the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on life at home. Participants were 84.5% women, and 89.8% were White. Responses were coded by a four‐person team using a pragmatic coding approach with good reliability.ResultsCodes were grouped together into five categories: stated emotion words, positive changes, negative changes, changes described with mixed emotional descriptors by different participants, and changes in parenting (that did not always have a specific valence). At Time 1, 52% of respondents noted positive changes and 60% of respondents described negative changes. At Time 3, 68% indicated positive changes and 65% indicated negative changes.ConclusionFindings suggest great variability in experiences that couples and families have had over the past few years.ImplicationsThis combination of open‐ended inquiry and longitudinal study offers a unique perspective on the effects of the pandemic on family life.
The effect of fathers' involvement and supportive coparenting partnership on Taiwanese new mothers' postpartum adjustment
Authors: Wu Chih‐Wen , Chou Li‐Tuan , Cheng Ching‐Ling , Tu Miao‐Ju 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveIn the present study, the cognitive theory of stress and coping was adopted as a framework and a mediation model was developed to investigate the long‐term effect of fathers' involvement in child care and mothers' appraisal of a supportive coparenting partnership (SCP) on postpartum depressed mood (PDM) and parenting self‐efficacy (PSE) in Taiwanese new mothers.BackgroundDue to the risk of PDM and low PSE, many new mothers struggle with first‐time motherhood. It is therefore meaningful to investigate the benefits of potential protective factors that can reduce the risk of PDM and enhance PSE, such as fathers' involvement in child care and mothers' appraisal of an SCP, to improve new mothers' postpartum adjustment.MethodUsing secondary data from the nationwide longitudinal project Kids in Taiwan, we analyzed data provided by 2,020 Taiwanese new mothers at 3 and 6 months after delivery. We conducted structural equation modeling to test our hypothetical mediation model.ResultsFathers' involvement in child care was significantly positively related to mothers' appraisal of an SCP, which in turn had a significant effect on reducing the risk of PDM and increasing PSE in Taiwanese new mothers both concurrently and 3 months later.ConclusionThis study highlighted the concurrent and long‐term benefits of fathers' involvement in child care for new mothers' postpartum adjustment and the importance of new mothers' appraisal of an SCP as a significant mediator.ImplicationsThese findings warrant the attention and efforts of family life educators, marriage counselors, and other experts in related fields to promote better parenting experiences for new parents.
Wild insects and honey bees are equally important to crop yields in a global analysis
Authors: Reilly James , Bartomeus Ignasi , Simpson Dylan , Allen‐Perkins Alfonso , Garibaldi Lucas , Winfree Rachael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimMost of the world's food crops are dependent on pollinators. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty in the strength of this relationship, especially regarding the relative contributions of the honey bee (often a managed species) and wild insects to crop yields on a global scale. Previous data syntheses have likewise reached differing conclusions on whether pollinator species diversity, or only the number of pollinator visits to flowers, is important to crop yield. This study quantifies the current state of these relationships and links to a dynamic version of our analyses that updates automatically as studies become available.LocationGlobal.Time PeriodPresent.Taxa studiedInsect pollinators of global crops.MethodsUsing a newly created database of 93 crop pollination studies across six continents that roughly triples the number of studies previously available, we analysed the relationship between insect visit rates, pollinator diversity, and crop yields in a series of mixed‐effects models.ResultsWe found that honey bees and wild insects contribute roughly equal amounts to crop yields worldwide, having similar average flower visitation rates and producing similar increases in yield per visit. We also found that pollinator species diversity was positively associated with increased crop yields even when total visits from all species are accounted for, though it was less explanatory than the total number of visits itself.Main conclusionsOur analysis suggests a middle ground where honey bees are not responsible for the vast majority of crop pollination as has often been assumed in the agricultural literature, and likewise wild insects are not vastly more important than honey bees, as recent global analyses have reported. We also conclude that while pollinator diversity is less important than the number of pollinator visits, these typically involve many species, underscoring the importance of conserving a diversity of wild pollinators.
Framing social–ecological transformation as a geographical concept
Authors: Kister Jutta , Dorn Felix M. , Hafner Robert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlobal challenges call for timely social–ecological transformation. There is a substantial amount of literature on social–ecological transformation, increasingly replacing and going beyond ‘sustainability’. However, the concept itself is used very inconsistently. This paper aims at identifying and systematizing the strains of argumentation that encompass the social–ecological transformation. Adding German‐speaking literature to the Anglophone debate, we systematize as we follow the concept's genesis to its varieties of use within context‐based (spatial, temporal, and societal) disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary debates. Building on the various strands of contemporary use, this paper aims at contouring the epistemologies of the concept. Lastly, we illustrate the roles of geographical research approaches and the assigned methodology. We argue that the strands tend to drift apart and cannot be seen nor used as a singular uniform approach. We identify the key dimensions of how scholars use social–ecological transformation, unearthing underlying epistemologies. To conclude, we delineate key elements that geographical research on social–ecological transformation must address, laying the foundation for further scholarly debate.
Insights and recommendations for working collaboratively and improving care in Alzheimer's disease: Learnings from the Finding Alzheimer's Solutions Together (F.A.S.T.) Council
Authors: Roeser Jannice , Bayliss Nikki , Blom Marco , Croney Ruth , Lanman Lydia , Laks Jerson , Lyons Marco , Proulx Lea , Tsatali Marianna , Westerlund Karin , Georges Jean 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCollaborations between patient organisations (POs) and the pharmaceutical industry can help identify and address the unmet needs of people living with a disease. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the scale and complexity of the current unmet needs call for a broad and cross‐sectoral collaboration, including people living with Alzheimer's (PLWA), their care partners and the wider research community.ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe learnings from the Finding Alzheimer's Solutions Together (F.A.S.T.) Council, a collaboration between POs and Roche, convened to better understand the unmet needs of PLWA and their care partners.Results1. Learnings from the collaboration, including clarifying objectives and members' expectations upfront, and establishing a set of guiding values and engagement principles. 2. Insights and recommendations for improving care in AD, including a wide range of unmet needs and potential solutions, systematically captured throughout the PLWA journey. These have resulted in several published reports and other outcomes, including (1) ‘Portraits of care’, highlighting the role of care partners, and the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on care; (2) Clinical trial guidebook, recommending how PLWA and care partner experience can be incorporated into trial design; (3) ‘Commitments Catalogue’, highlighting progress by governmental organisations in achieving their commitments; and (4) a report to guide policy on improving diversity, equity and inclusion in clinical trials.ConclusionsClose collaboration between POs and the pharmaceutical industry in AD can enable effective research, in which PLWA and care partners are engaged as ‘experts through experience’ to help identify key unmet needs and co‐create solutions with the wider AD research community. This paper and the work undertaken by the F.A.S.T. Council may act as a blueprint for meaningful collaboration between POs and the pharmaceutical industry.Patient or Public ContributionThe paper reports the collaboration between POs, the F.A.S.T. Council and Roche to progress towards a future in which PLWA can live fulfilling lives with their disease managed well.Clinical Trial RegistrationNot applicable.
TRUE NORTH*
Authors: Kleinberg Ethan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, I suggest that our current relation to the sociopolitical future is one where we are blocked from changing our view of what that future is or could be. In this sense, we are trapped in a time loop wherein the challenges before us are continuously met with social and political solutions designed for futures past, old futures. These past possible futures are ones that failed to solve the problems they were offered to address. As such, there is no growth, change, or redemption that could activate a new future; there is only the rehearsal of the old ones: failed futures from the past. What's more, this process of defuturing also relies on a winnowing of the past such that only those pasts that align with our present are allowed to be brought forward. I argue that, to reactivate our future, we also need to reactivate our pasts. I am thinking of those pasts that we do not seek or do not want but that nevertheless come to us. These are the multiple and competing pasts that swirl with present and future as in a vortex, denying any one past the privilege of guiding, directing, or foreclosing the future. It is only by facing this vortex and reopening the past that we can re‐open the future and escape the time loop of our ever‐receding horizon.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based electronic nose, glycosidically bound volatile, and alcohol‐acyltransferase activity profiles of Okinawan pineapple
Authors: Asikin Yonathan , Kohama Annu , Kudaka Tomomasa , Maekawa Ryota , Kobayashi Takuya , Takeuchi Makoto , Kamiyoshihara Yusuke , Takara Kensaku , Wada Koji 
Published: April 2024

SummaryA recent increase in the demand for pineapple necessitates the development of new varieties with superior flavour quality. In this study, we characterised the volatile profiles of three new Okinawan pineapple breeding lines using gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry (MS)‐based electronic nose (e‐nose), glycosylated volatiles, and alcohol‐acyltransferase (AAT) activity measurements. The volatile profiles of the fruits were selected using the GC–MS‐e‐nose and visualised using multivariate statistical plots. The glycosidically bound compounds were collected by solid‐phase extraction and hydrolysed by β‐glucosidase. In total, 12 hydroxyl‐group substances, including chavicol (medicinal‐herbal aroma), geraniol (floral‐sweet), and linalool (floral‐citrus), were released from these glycosides. Crude enzymes containing AAT were extracted, and their in vitro activities in 2‐methylbutyl acetate production were highly related to their contents. These results provide information regarding volatile profiles and bounded‐aroma resources, as well as the esterification potential of new Okinawan pineapple breeding lines for use in the agro‐food industry.
Initial outcomes and surgical techniques of prostatic urethral lift for benign prostatic hyperplasia in Japan
Authors: Anan Go , Kaga Kanya , Fujishima Yosuke , Minami Hidero , Mueller Thomas , Sussman David 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThe prostatic urethral lift (PUL) has been used as a minimally invasive surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) since April 2022 in Japan. This study evaluated the initial outcomes and surgical techniques of PUL for BPH.MethodsIn this prospective, single‐center study, indications were based on the proper use guidelines for PUL in Japan. Preoperative patient status, postoperative progress at 1 and 3 months, and perioperative complications were evaluated. The surgical technique was changed twice, and the subgroup analysis and technique were evaluated.ResultsOf the 50 patients who underwent surgeries performed by a single surgeon, the median age and prostate volume were 71 years and 42.0 mL, respectively. Furthermore, the median operative time and number of implants used were 20 min and 5, respectively. No postoperative fever or severe hematuria requiring reoperation occurred. All patients were discharged from the hospital the day following the PUL, as scheduled. Postoperative International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life score, maximum flow rate, and postvoid residual volume at 1 and 3 months were significantly improved compared with the preoperative values. A significant improvement in maximum flow rate was observed in the subgroup analysis from 1 month postoperatively in the group with an anterior channel creation focus.ConclusionsPUL is effective and safe in cases with prostate volumes of <100 mL. Lifting the bladder neck is important for opening an anterior prostatic urethral channel and improving urinary function during the early postoperative period.
How positive mental well‐being influences professional identity and the mediating mechanisms in Chinese nursing students
Authors: Jilili Ayisha , Weng Xue , Zhao Sheng Zhi , Wang Lin , Fang Qiong , Guo Ningyuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the association between positive mental well‐being and professional identity in nursing students. The mediating effects of resilience and nurse–patient relationship were explored.BackgroundProfessional identity of nursing students can influence their pursuit of a nursing career. Negative mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, and high stress, are known risk factors for professional identity. Few studies have examined the association of professional identity with positive mental well‐being and underlying mechanisms.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of Chinese nursing students on clinical placement. The Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well‐being Scale, Professional Identity Scale, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, Nurse–Patient Relationship Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire were used, and demographic and study‐related characteristics were measured. Multivariable linear regression and mediation analyses analyzed the associations. We followed the STROBE reporting guidelines.ResultsOf 208 participants, the total scores of positive mental well‐being and professional identity were at a moderate level. Positive mental well‐being was associated with professional identity after adjusting for confounders including the main reason for choosing nursing and negative mental health. Resilience was a full mediator of the association between positive mental well‐being and professional identity, whereas nurse–patient relationship was a partial mediator.Discussion and conclusionPositive mental well‐being was associated with professional identity in Chinese nursing students on clinical placement, mediated through resilience and nurse–patient relationship. Positive mental well‐being can be a facilitator for the professional identity of nursing students, and resilience and nurse–patient relationship could be potential mechanisms for nurse professional development.Implications for nursing and/or health policyNurse researchers, educators, and policymakers are informed to increase the awareness of positive mental well‐being and develop interventions targeting resilience and nurse–patient relationship for building a stable and satisfied nursing team.
Examining formation and alleviation of information security fatigue by using job demands–resources theory
Authors: Hsu Jack Shih‐Chieh , Hung Yu Wen , Hsieh Pei‐Jung , Chiu Chao‐Min 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe implementation and reinforcement of information security policies (ISPs) can lead to information security fatigue (hereafter security fatigue), which can drive employees to engage in unwanted behaviours. Thus, managers must reduce the likelihood of security fatigue. Therefore, in the present study, we employed job demands–resources theory and hypothesized that security‐related demands would result in security fatigue. Furthermore, we identified resources that may alleviate such fatigue. The research model was tested with data collected from 386 employees of organisations with ISPs. The findings indicate that job and personal resources can reduce the occurrence of security fatigue and engagement in opportunistic security behaviours by enhancing engagement. In addition, the effect of security fatigue on opportunistic security behaviours can be suppressed through the implementation of behavioural evaluations. Our study contributes to the formulation of methods for relieving security fatigue and ameliorating its negative effects.