bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Enantiomeric Resolution, and Structure–Activity Relationship Study of a Series of 10,11‐Dihydro‐5H‐Dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene MT2 Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Spadoni Gilberto , Bedini Annalida , Diamantini Giuseppe , Tarzia Giorgio , Rivara Silvia , Lorenzi Simone , Lodola Alessio , Mor Marco , Lucini Valeria , Pannacci Marilou , Caronno Alessia , Fraschini Franco 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRacemic N‐(8‐methoxy‐10,11‐dihydro‐5H‐dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten‐10‐ylmethyl)acetamide (compound 5) was previously identified as a novel selective MT2 antagonist fulfilling the requirements of pharmacophore and 3D QSAR models. In this study the enantiomers of 5 were separated by medium‐pressure liquid chromatography and behaved as the racemate. Compound 5 was modified at the acylaminomethyl side chain and at position C8. The resulting analogues generally behaved as melatonin receptor antagonists (GTPγS test) with a modest degree of selectivity (up to 10‐fold) for the MT2 receptor. Changes at the amide side chain led to a decrease in binding affinity, whereas 8‐acetyl and 8‐methyl derivatives 12 and 11, respectively, were as potent as the 8‐methoxy parent compound 5. Docking experiments with an MT2 receptor model suggested binding modes consistent with the observed SARs and with the lack of selectivity of the enantiomers of 5.
Prostate cancer prevention
Authors: Fleshner Neil , Zlotta Alexandre R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractProstate cancer is the most common male malignancy and the second or third leading cause of cancer death among men in the West. The descriptive epidemiology of prostate cancer suggests that it is a preventable disease. Prevention has the theoretical advantage of not only saving lives, but also reduce the morbidity of radical prostate cancer therapy. This article reviews the past, present, and future of prostate cancer prevention. In particular, the evidence and scientific data of a variety of prevention strategies are reviewed. Strategies reviewed include dietary fat reduction and supplementation with vitamins D and E, and selenium. Dietary intake of soy, green tea, and tomato‐rich products (lycopene) are also reviewed. Data regarding pharmacological intervention with cyclo‐oxygenease inhibitors, antiestrogens, and in particular 5‐alpha reductase inhibitors are reviewed. The results of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial including the controversy surrounding higher‐grade cancers among men randomized to finasteride are also summarized. Finally, a variety of trial designs as well as a roster of current phase 2 trials are presented. Probably no cancer is being investigated more thoroughly in the context of prevention as prostate cancer in 2007. Definitive answers to pivotal phase 3 trials will be available in the coming 2 to 7 years. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization for detecting genomic alterations of cyclin D1 and p16 in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Uzawa Narikazu , Sonoda Itaru , Myo Kunihiro , Takahashi Ken‐Ichiro , Miyamoto Ryozo , Amagasa Teruo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDCyclin D1 (CCND1) and p16 alterations have been detected in oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), suggesting that abnormalities of these genes may play an important role in the genesis or progression of oral SCCs and serve as independent prognostic indicators. The detection of CCND1 and p16 aberrations using a simple and sensitive method would be valuable for the development of effective treatment modalities for oral cancer. The objective of the current study was to determine whether CCND1 numerical aberrations and p16 deletions in oral SCCs detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have any impact on clinical outcome.METHODSUsing genomic DNA probes for CCND1 and p16, FISH was performed on specimens that were obtained by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) from 57 primary oral SCCs.RESULTSThe CCND1 numerical aberration was observed in 28 of 57 patients (49%) with oral SCCs and was associated significantly with reduced disease‐free survival (P = .0004) and overall survival (P = .0179). Conversely, p16 deletion was detected in 22 of 57 patients (39%). The disease‐free and overall survival rates for patients with p16 deletion were lower than those among patients without the p16 deletion, although the difference just failed to reach statistical significance (P = .0516 and P = .1878, respectively). The p16 deletion in the presence of the CCND1 numerical aberration conferred significantly worse disease‐free survival (P = .0002) and overall survival (P = .0153).CONCLUSIONSAlthough the CCND1 numerical aberration was a good predictor of aggressive tumors, recurrence, and poor prognosis in patients with oral SCCs, the authors were able to identify subgroups of patients that had early disease recurrence and a poor prognosis more efficiently by assessment of p16 deletion in addition to CCND1 genetic status using FISH on FNA biopsy samples compared with the analysis of either alteration alone. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Stem cell plasticity: Learning from hepatogenic differentiation strategies
Authors: Banas Agnieszka , Yamamoto Yusuke , Teratani Takumi , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMany studies on stem cell plasticity are challenging the concept that stem cells contain an intrinsically predefined, unidirectional differentiation program. This means that the developmental fate of a stem cell is dependent on the general potential of the cell (pre‐determined stem cell fate) as well as on microenvironmental cues, such as stimuli from growth factors (stem cell niche). Here, we reviewed reports that examined the hepatocyte differentiation ability of stem cells from two different sources: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. All of those stem cells revealed the ability to give rise to hepatocyte‐like cells using different induction strategies. However, it is still not clear which of those stem cells would be the best source for hepatocyte replacement or which would be the best protocol. We herein present the current knowledge regarding available protocols and factors used in order to obtain functional hepatocytes from stem cells. Developmental Dynamics 236:3228–3241, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of the polarization characteristics of GaInAsSb‐covered inAs quantum dots for application to surface‐emitting devices
Authors: Matsuura Tetsuya , Miyamoto Tomoyuki , Koyama Fumio 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSelf‐assembled InAs quantum dots are expected to be applied as active layers for long‐wavelength emitting devices used in fiber‐optic communications. A problem with these is the deterioration of emission efficiency accompanying the accumulation of strain from increasing wavelengths to beyond the 1.3‐µm range on GaAs substrates. However, with the application of a GaInAsSb covering layer containing a small quantity of antimony (Sb), as proposed in this research, it will become possible to improve the emission efficiency and to have long‐wavelength emission in the 1.5‐µm band. Meanwhile, in order to use such quantum dots as surface‐emitting devices, the in‐plane polarization characteristics must be clarified. However, the polarization characteristics of quantum dots containing Sb have not been reported before now. In this paper, we focus on the influence on the emission characteristics of the transformation of the dot shape due to the addition of Sb. The polarization characteristics of photoluminescence due to the addition of Sb and of In to the cover layer are measured, the dependency of the polarization degree on the dot structure is evaluated, and guidelines for surface‐emitting‐type device applications are given. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(10): 1–8, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20352
Multi‐keyhole model for MIMO repeater system evaluation
Authors: Tsuruta Makoto , Karasawa Yoshio 
Published: September 2007

AbstractEnhancement of service to closed spaces (independent spaces) via a repeater with several transmission lines is attracting attention as a means of expanding the service area of information transmission by MIMO. The propagation path in such environments becomes a multi‐keyhole environment in the equivalent sense. The existence of a keyhole causes a reduction of communication capacity. However, in a multi‐keyhole environment, the impact is reduced because multi‐stream transmission becomes possible. In this paper, we propose a MIMO repeater system and a multi‐keyhole model that realize repeater functions to a closed space while high‐speed and high‐reliability communication characteristic to MIMO are maintained. The eigenvalue distribution, average communication capacity, and average BER characteristics of the MIMO repeater channel are ascertained by computer simulations. The number of repeater antennas needed for relaying with the MIMO function maintained is determined. ©2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(10): 40–48, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20384
A practical network management system based on an organization hierarchy mobile agent model
Authors: Takahashi Kazuhide , Kon Takashi , Akiyama Kazuyoshi , Jinguji Makoto 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA mobile communication network is composed of a tremendous number of diverse network elements (NEs), which are distributed over a wide geographical area. The system that monitors messages (including warnings) from the NEs and controls the NEs is called the network management system (NMS). Since the NMS is required to handle a large number of messages, it has been implemented with expensive large‐scale UNIX servers. Thus, the communication carrier is forced to invest a large amount in the hardware and middleware of the NMS. Another problem is that the carrier must follow the vendor strategy, such as migration to next‐generation hardware and OS upgrades. The authors have devised the organization hierarchy agent model (OHAM), in which the external specification of the NMS is represented at the data level as agent behavior, making it possible to add new external specifications quickly and flexibly to the NMS as functions. This paper describes the organization hierarchy mobile agent model (OHMAM), which achieves high processing capacity by upgrading the OHAM agents to mobile agents that move rapidly between small‐scale IA servers. A practical commercial system was formed by using the proposed model, and the results of its basic performance evaluation and reliability evaluation are presented in this paper. In the implementation of the proposed model, IA servers, which are inexpensive and readily available, are used as hardware. Open source software (OSS) such as Linux/JavaVM/PostgreSQL is actively used as OS/middleware. Thus, the total cost of ownership (TCO) of the NMS can be greatly reduced. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(10): 84–102, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20391
A new method for mining of WWW access sequences
Authors: Oyanagi Shigeru , Kamiharako Masatoshi , Kubota Kazuto , Nakase Akihiko 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAnalysis of access sequences is an important technique in the mining of WWW access logs. The well‐known apriori algorithm is a typical method. A problem of this method is that the obtained relation between sequences is not reflected in the output. This paper proposes a new method of sequence analysis using matrix clustering. This method considers a binary matrix in which the sequences correspond to the rows and ordered pairs of pages correspond to the columns. The similarities between sequences are extracted as clusters in the matrix. Based on these clusters, super‐sequences, which are generalizations of similar sequences, can be generated. The proposed method is applied to real data and the results are evaluated. It is verified that the features of entire sequences can be extracted. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(10): 127–138, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20394
Synthesis, Characterization, Structures and Comparative Electrochemical Study of 2,4‐Bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)thiophene Coordinated Carbonylcobalt Units
Authors: Arnanz Avelina , Moreno Consuelo , Marcos María‐Luisa , González‐Velasco Jaime , Delgado Salomé 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe reaction between 2,4‐dibromothiophene and trimethylsilylacetylene (TMSA) in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4, CuI and triethylamine gave rise to the formation of 2,4‐bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)thiophene (2,4T) and 4‐bromo‐2‐(trimethylsilylethynyl)thiophene (2,4T′). Complexes 1, 2, 3 or 1′ were obtained by direct reaction between Co2(CO)8 and 2,4T or 2,4T′, respectively. (Diphenylphosphanyl)methane‐substituted alkyne carbonyl complexes 4, 5, 6 and 2′ were prepared by substitution reaction of carbonyl ligands in the presence of Me3NO at the Co2(CO)6 units of 1, 2, 3 and 1′, respectively. Desilylation of the non‐metallated and metallated alkynes in 4, 5 and 6 occurred on treatment with KOH or tetrabutylammonium fluoride to give 7, 8 and 9. Crystals of 2′ suitable for single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction were grown, and the molecular structure of this compound is discussed. A comparative electrochemical study of these complexes in relation to analogous derivatives obtained from the organic ligand 2,5‐bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)thiophene (2,5T) is reported.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Electrochemical Synthesis of Mono‐ and Disubstituted Diiron Dithiolate Complexes as Models for the Active Site of Iron‐Only Hydrogenases
Authors: Morvan Didier , Capon Jean‐François , Gloaguen Frederic , Schollhammer Philippe , Talarmin Jean 
Published: September 2007

Abstract[Fe2(S2C3H6)(CO)5{P(OMe)3}] (2) and [Fe2(S2C3H6)(CO)4{P(OMe)3}2] (3) were selectively prepared by the electrochemical reduction of [Fe2(S2C3H6)(CO)6] (1) in the presence of trimethyl phosphite ligand. Electrochemical data indicate a CO‐displacement reaction catalyzed by electron transfer. Complexes 2 and 3 were characterized by X‐ray crystallography, which shows that in the solid state, the trimethyl phosphite ligands lie in the apical configuration. NMR suggests that multiple isomers exist in solution. Both 2 and 3 exhibit a primary reduction step that involves two electrons. No stable hydride derivatives could be isolated by the reaction of 2 or 3 with strong acid. However, for both 2 and 3, proton reduction catalysis was detected at a potential less negative than that of the reduction of the diiron complex working as catalyst. The proposed mechanism involves a protonation of the diiron complex in the vicinity of the electrode, which is triggered by the more facile reduction of the protonated form (CE mechanism). The protonation and reduction steps are followed by a bimolecular reaction that regenerates the starting complex. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Using Chiral Ligand Substituents To Promote the Formation of Dinuclear, Double‐Stranded Iron, Manganese, and Zinc Mesocates
Authors: Reid Stuart D. , Wilson Claire , De Matteis Cristina I. , Love Jason B. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and structures of dinuclear manganese, iron, and zinc complexes of chiral di‐iminodipyrromethane ligands (L) are reported. Schiff base condensation reactions between 5,5′‐diformyl‐2,2′‐dipyrromethane and the chiral amines (–)‐(R)‐CH(Me)tBu and (+)‐(R)‐CH(Me)Ph result in the straightforward synthesis of the new, chiral ligands H2L2 and H2L3, respectively. Salt elimination reactions between K2L and divalent Mn and Fe halides, and protonolysis reactions between ZnMe2 and H2L result in the formation of the new dinuclear complexes [M2(L)2]. Investigation of the structures of these compounds in solution and in the solid state reveal that chiral mesocates are formed for L = L2, whereas for L = L3, a racemic mixture of helicates is present.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Motile membrane protrusions regulate cell–cell adhesion and migration of olfactory ensheathing glia
Authors: Windus Louisa C. E. , Claxton Christina , Allen Chelsea L. , Key Brian , St John James A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOlfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are candidates for therapeutic approaches for neural regeneration due to their ability to assist axon regrowth in central nervous system lesion models. However, little is understood about the processes and mechanisms underlying migration of these cells. We report here that novel lamellipodial protrusions, termed lamellipodial waves, are integral to OEC migration. Time‐lapse imaging of migrating OECs revealed that these highly dynamic waves progress along the shaft of the cells and are crucial for mediating cell–cell adhesion. Without these waves, cell–cell adhesion does not occur and migrational rates decline. The activity of waves is modulated by both glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor and inhibitors of the JNK and SRC kinases. Furthermore, the activity of lamellipodial waves can be modulated by Mek1, independently of leading edge activity. The ability to selectively regulate cell migration via lamellipodial waves has implications for manipulating the migratory behavior of OECs during neural repair. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of the performance of the EQ‐5D and SF‐6D for individuals aged ≥ 45 years
Authors: Barton Garry R. , Sach Tracey H. , Avery Anthony J. , Jenkinson Claire , Doherty Michael , Whynes David K. , Muir Kenneth R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe sought to compare the performance of the EQ‐5D and SF‐6D with regard to the criteria of practicality, convergent validity, and construct validity, the level of agreement between the two measures was also assessed. Responses from 1865 individuals aged ≥ 45 years in one general practice were analysed. Of these, 93.1% completed the EQ‐5D, compared with 86.4% for the SF‐6D, where individuals who were older, female, of a lower occupational skill level, from an area of lower deprivation, or used prescribed medication were significantly less likely to complete the SF‐6D. The performance of both measures was comparable with regard to both convergent and construct validities, as both the EQ‐5D and SF‐6D scores were closely related to scores on the EuroQol visual analogue scale (VAS) (p<0.001) and able to discriminate between people who did and did not take: (i) analgesics and (ii) other prescribed medication. Despite EQ‐5D and SF‐6D scores being highly correlated (p<0.001), individuals who were healthier (according to the VAS) had higher mean scores on the EQ‐5D (p<0.001), whereas less healthy individuals had higher mean scores on the SF‐6D (individuals with knee pain, osteoarthritis, back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and hip pain had significantly lower mean scores on the EQ‐5D, p<0.001). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementing quality control on a random number stream to improve a stochastic weather generator
Authors: Meyer Charles R. , Renschler Chris S. , Vining Roel C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFor decades, stochastic modellers have used computerized random number generators to produce random numeric sequences fitting a specified statistical distribution. Unfortunately, none of the random number generators we tested satisfactorily produced the target distribution. The result is generated distributions whose mean even diverges from the mean used to generate them, regardless of the length of run. Non‐uniform distributions from short sequences of random numbers are a major problem in stochastic climate generation, because truly uniform distributions are required to produce the intended climate parameter distributions. In order to ensure generation of a representative climate with the stochastic weather generator CLIGEN within a 30‐year run, we tested the climate output resulting from various random number generators. The resulting distributions of climate parameters showed significant departures from the target distributions in all cases. We traced this failure back to the uniform random number generators themselves. This paper proposes a quality control approach to select only those numbers that conform to the expected distribution being retained for subsequent use. The approach is based on goodness‐of‐fit analysis applied to the random numbers generated. Normally distributed deviates are further tested with confidence interval tests on their means and standard deviations. The positive effect of the new approach on the climate characteristics generated and the subsequent deterministic process‐based hydrology and soil erosion modelling are illustrated for four climatologically diverse sites. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Land management impacts on runoff sources in small Amazon watersheds
Authors: Chaves Joaquín , Neill Christopher , Germer Sonja , Neto Sérgio Gouveia , Krusche Alex , Elsenbeer Helmut 
Published: September 2007

AbstractForest clearing and conversion to cattle pasture in the lowland Amazon region has been linked to soil compaction and increased soil water storage, which combine to diminish soil infiltration, enhance quick lateral flows and increase the stream flow response to precipitation. Quantifying the importance of quick surficial flow in response to this land use change requires identification of water sources within catchments that contribute to stream flow. Using an end member mixing analysis approach, potential contributing sources of stream flow were evaluated during an entire rainy season in a forest and a pasture watershed drained by ephemeral‐to‐intermittent streams in the south‐western Amazon. Water yield was 17% of precipitation in the pasture and 0·8% of precipitation in the forest. During the early rainy season, throughfall, groundwater, and soil water contributed 79%, 18%, and 3%, respectively, to total forest stream flow. Over the entire rainy season, throughfall, groundwater, and shallow soil water provided 57%, 24%, and 19%, respectively, of stream flow. In the pasture watershed, overland flow dominated stream flow both in the early (67%) and late (57%) rainy season, with a mean contribution of 60% overland flow, 35% groundwater, and 5% soil water. The uncertainty associated with those estimates was studied using a Monte Carlo approach. In addition to large changes in total surface flow, marked differences were found in the proportions of total stream flow in the second half of the rainy season between the forest and pasture watershed. These results suggest that (1) there is great potential for alteration of the hydrological budgets of larger watersheds as the proportion of deforested land in the Amazon increases, and (2) as more rainfall is diverted into fast flowpaths to streams in established pastures, the potential to deliver water with higher solute concentrations generated by erosion or by bypassing sites of solute removal increases. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.