bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grammar as a Meaning‐Making Resource: Fostering Meaningful, Situated Literacy Development
Authors: Chia Alexius , Xavier Christine Anita 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on an action research study that focused on reconceptualizing grammar within English Language classrooms in Singapore as a dynamic and contextually situated resource for meaningful literacy development. Departing from conventional perceptions of grammar as a rigid set of rules, the study endeavors to position it as a flexible and empowering tool that enables learners to effectively construct and convey meaning. Additionally, the study placed deliberate emphasis on grammar as a meaning‐making resource in authentic Asian texts, acknowledging the significance of context in language learning. The aim was to underscore the contextualized nature of language practices, viewing the learning of meaning‐making resources of grammar as essential in language skill development, particularly in text interpretation, in the hope of enhancing literacy among learners. Existing research served as the foundation of the study, highlighting the pivotal role of grammar in literacy development and text interpretation. The study employed an action research methodology characterized by a cyclical process of planning, acting, observing, reflecting, and revising. The data comprised teacher‐designed materials, teacher‐written reflections, and interviews involving 10 teacher‐collaborators from four primary and secondary schools in Singapore. Key findings underscored the intrinsic link between grammatical choices and the nuanced meanings they convey, and in so doing reveal the crucial role of grammar in comprehending language intricacies.
Increased Early Post‐Discharge Mortality in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Davidsen Line , Knoph Cecilie S. , Cook Mathias E. , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Olesen Søren S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that individuals who recover from acute pancreatitis may face a significant risk of mortality during the early post‐discharge period. Despite these concerns, comprehensive population‐based studies on this issue are lacking.ObjectivesTo study in‐hospital and post‐discharge mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis and how it has changed over time.MethodsIn a Danish nationwide population‐based cohort study, we included all adults discharged after an incident episode of acute pancreatitis between 2002 and 2017. For each patient, five individuals from the general population, matched by age and sex, were selected as controls. We used Cox regression analysis to assess all‐cause mortality at 90 days, 1, 2, and 5 years post‐discharge and to examine trends in in‐hospital and post‐discharge mortality over the study period. Models were adjusted for comorbidities, heavy smoking, alcohol abuse and sociodemographic factors.ResultsOf 28,759 adults with incident acute pancreatitis, 956 (3.3%) died in hospital. The 27,803 patients discharged from the hospital following an incident episode of acute pancreatitis were matched with 139,035 individuals (mean age 58.1 years, 51.1% men). The cumulative post‐discharge mortality at 90 days was 5.0% for the acute pancreatitis cohort and 0.55% for controls. The mortality risk was significantly increased in acute pancreatitis patients at 90 days post‐discharge (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 7.62; 95% CI 6.86–8.45); the risk attenuated over time but remained elevated for up to five years (aHR 1.85; 95% CI 1.79–1.92). In‐hospital mortality decreased over the study period (aHR 0.65; 95% CI 0.53–0.81) from 2002–2005 to 2014–2017, while post‐discharge mortality risk remained stable (aHR 0.85; 95% CI 0.72–1.01). Gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases accounted for 59.4% of 90‐day post‐discharge deaths.ConclusionsIn‐hospital mortality for acute pancreatitis has improved in recent years. However, the risk of post‐discharge mortality remains high, especially in the first 90 days after discharge.
Characterization, distribution, and risk assessment of microplastic in fish and sediment from the longest river of Bangladesh
Authors: Siddiqa Shahrima , Gautam Sneha , Eti Shamima Akther , Khatun Fatima , Rahman Mohammad Mahbubur , Solayman H. M. , Aziz Azrina Abd , Khan Badiuzzaman 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMicroplastics (particles smaller than 5 mm) are among the most common pollutants in aquatic habitats because they may develop to high densities and can interact with both the abiotic and biotic environments. There is less information available on microplastics in the freshwater systems than there is in the marine environment. This study aims to shed light on the abundance and spatial distribution of microplastics in the Brahmaputra River (Mymensingh) through the utilization of the wet peroxide oxidation isolation technique, supplemented with sodium chloride, to examine fish and sediment specimens collected between December 21, 2022 and January 12, 2023. A total of 26 and 189 microplastic particles were identified in the fish and sediment samples, respectively. Microplastics (MPs) concentrations in fish gut ranged from 0.5 ± 0.7 to 1.67 ± 0.58 MPs individual−1. The most prevalent shape found in fish stomachs was fiber (46%), and the most common color was transparent (32%). Sizes 0.5–1 mm (1.6 ± 0.74) had the most microplastics. This study found that fishes from the demersal (3.25 ± 1.7) zone had more MPs than the benthopelagic (2.5 ± 0.58) and pelagic (1.5 ± 0.7) zones. Omnivorous fishes (54%) consumed more microplastics than carnivorous (31%, 2.6 ± 0.58) and herbivorous fishes (15%,1.33 ± 0.94). Microplastic consumption had a moderate correlation with fish body weight (r = 0.34), length (r = 0.46), and gastrointestinal content (r = 0.45). The MPs per kilogram of Brahmaputra River bed sediment ranged from 8 to 31, with a mean abundance of 18.9 ± 7.01 particles kg−1. The most common shape identified in this study was fragments (52%) and 33% of sediment microplastics were blue in color. Microplastics were most abundant in the 1–3 m‐meter size class. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that polypropylene (PP) was the most prevalent MP in both fish (34%) and sediment (40%) samples. In this study, the Pollution load index (PLI) for each sampling site is <10, with the highest value found for station 2(1.97 ± 0.49), regarded as risk category I. This study's results will be useful for future research on microplastics in freshwater environments.Practitioner Points
Abundance and distribution of microplastics were determined from the longest river of Bangladesh.
The structural properties of microplastics were characterized using ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy.
Pollution load index (PLI) of microplastics was investigated.
Radio(chemo)therapy in anal cancer: evaluation of sex-specific disparities across AJCC stages
Authors: Fuchs F. , Rogowski P. , Rottler M. , Shouman M. A. , Heinrich K. , Kühn F. , Belka C. , Unger K. , Walter F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate sex differences in anal squamous cell carcinomas (ASCC), with a particular focus on the prognostic significance of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 9th edition staging system for oncological outcome.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted in 188 patients with histologically confirmed ASCC who underwent definitive (chemo)radiotherapy between 2004 and 2020. Patient- and tumor-related data were collected. Tumor stage groups were classified according to the AJCC 9th edition. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), freedom from recurrence (FFR), and colostomy-free survival (CFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method for univariate testing and Cox regression models for multivariate analysis. Differences between sexes were assessed.

Results
The cohort included 134 females and 54 males, with a median follow-up of 83 months. Females exhibited significantly better OS (p = 0.01), DFS (p = 0.01), and CFS (p = 0.03). For male patients, there was a clear trend towards better OS (p = 0.08), DFS (p = 0.10), and FFR (p = 0.09) in earlier tumors as well as significantly better CFS (p = 0.04). In contrast, in the female subgroup, there were no significant differences in OS (p = 0.64), DFS (p = 0.52), and CFS (p = 0.25) with respect to tumor stage. In multivariate analysis, male sex, older age, and advanced tumor stages were significant risk factors for poorer OS, DFS, and CFS.

Conclusion
This study highlights significant sex differences in ASCC prognoses, with females showing better survival outcomes. The prognostic value of the AJCC 9th edition staging system differs between sexes; thus, we support the inclusion of sex as a prognostic factor in staging systems.
Partizipation gestalten – digitale Gesundheitskompetenz fördern
Authors: Seidel Gabriele , Bornemann Anabel , Meyer Antje , Kretschmer Jürgen , Krug Jens , Dierks Marie-Luise 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Von Patientenorganisationen wird zunehmend ein partizipatives Vorgehen in der Gesundheitsforschung gefordert. Im Projekt „KundiG – Klug und digital durch das Gesundheitswesen“ wurde bei der Entwicklung eines Schulungsprogramms für digitale Gesundheitskompetenz (dGK) die Perspektive chronisch kranker Menschen einbezogen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, aufzuzeigen, welcher personelle Aufwand mit der partizipativen Entwicklung eines Schulungsprogramms verbunden ist und welche Voraussetzungen dafür notwendig sind.

Methoden
Im Projektzeitraum 04/2021–03/2023 wurde von den Forschenden ein Basiskonzept erarbeitet und in einem strukturierten Partizipationsprozess in Bezug auf Inhalte, Thementiefe, Ablauf, Didaktik und Kursmaterialien kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Dazu wurde ein Partizipationsmodell erstellt. Eine formative Evaluation fand im Rahmen von 8 Pilotkursen statt.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt haben 20 Personen in den Arbeitsgruppen (AGs) und bei der Evaluation mitgearbeitet, davon 6 aus der organisierten Selbsthilfe, 3 von der BARMER und 11 von der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover. Die partizipative Zusammenarbeit war arbeitsintensiv und zeitlich eng getaktet, sodass nicht alle Mitglieder in gleicher Intensität teilnehmen konnten. Es entstand ein internetbasiertes Schulungsprogramm, das von den Teilnehmenden der Pilotkurse positive Rückmeldungen und Verbesserungsvorschläge erhielt. Im Ergebnis entstanden ein 15-stündiger Online-Kurs zur Förderung der dGK, ein 300-seitiges Kursmanual und 6 digitale barrierefreie Begleithefte.

Diskussion
Partizipation bedeutete die aktive Mitarbeit aller Beteiligten im gesamten Prozess, eine hohe Termindichte, die Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Perspektiven und ein ständiges Bemühen um Konsens. Eine vorherige Schulung der Mitwirkenden könnte bei künftigen Projekten hilfreich sein. In Vorbereitung sind die Ausrollung des Programms und die kontinuierliche Evaluation im Kontext der Selbsthilfe.
Superelliptic curves with large Galois images
Authors: Goodman Pip 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Let

$$r>2$$

r
>
2

and

$$\ell $$

ℓ

be primes. In this paper we study the mod

$$\ell $$

ℓ

Galois representations attached to curves of the form

$$y^r = f(x)$$

y
r

=
f

(
x
)

where f is monic and has coefficients belonging to the rth cyclotomic field. We provide conditions on the coefficients (and degree) of f which allow one to verify the mod

$$\ell $$

ℓ

image is large outside of a (typically small) finite explicit set of primes. We allow all values of r for which the rth cyclotomic field has odd class number. This appears to be the first explicit result for abelian varieties of dimension greater than two and not of

$${{\,\mathrm{\textrm{GL}}\,}}_2$$

GL

2

-type which allows the ground field to have unramified extensions. To determine the exact image we study the “endomorphism character”, a certain algebraic Hecke character which generalises the CM character. This is achieved in entirety when

$$r=3$$

r
=
3

. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first accurate description of the full image in the literature. Finally, we give several examples with genus ranging from 10 to 36. Applications to the Inverse Galois Problem are also included.
A hybrid [18F]fluoropivalate PET-multiparametric MRI to detect and characterise brain tumour metastases based on a permissive environment for monocarboxylate transport
Authors: Islam S. , Inglese M. , Aravind P. , Barwick T. D. , Mauri F. , McLeavy L. , Årstad E. , Wang J. , Puccio I. , Hung L. , Lu H. , O’Neill K. , Waldman A. D. , Williams M. , Aboagye E. O. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The incidence of Intracranial Metastatic Disease (IMD) continues to increase in part due to improvements in systemic therapy resulting in durable control of extra-cranial disease (ECD). Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CE-MRI) is the preferred method for imaging IMD, but has limitations particularly in follow-up surveillance scans to optimise patient care. We investigate a new diagnostic approach of hybrid ([18]F]fluoropivalate (FPIA) Positron Emission Tomography-multiparametric MRI (PET-mpMRI), in 12 treatment-naïve and 10 stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)-treated patients (± combination therapy within 4–8 weeks). High FPIA uptake was seen in all IMD compared to contralateral white matter, regardless of ECD tumour-of-origin (p = 0.0001) and FPIA-PET volumes extended beyond CE-MRI volumes in treatment-naïve but not SRS-treated tumours. Patients with maximum PET Standardised Uptake Value, (SUVmax) ≥ 2.0 showed particularly short overall-survival (median 4 v 15 months, p = 0.0136), while CE-MRI was uninformative regarding outcome; a PET-mpMRI grade-measure also provided non-invasive prediction of overall-survival, warranting larger studies of PET-mpMRI. Independent metabolomics analyses were consistent with shared adaptation of IMD to utilise or accumulate monocarboxylates and acylcarnitines, respectively, providing a common phenotypic basis to FPIA-PET. Reprogrammed monocarboxylate metabolism-related FPIA-PET provides new insights into annotating IMD, to be expounded in future opportunities for therapy decisions for the growing number of cancer patients with IMD [Trial registration reference: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04807582; 3rd November 2021, retrospectively registered].
Are palpation-guided interventional procedures on the adductor longus muscle safe? A cadaveric and sonographic investigation
Authors: Santamaría-Le Pera Javier , Valera-Garrido Fermín , Valderrama-Canales Francisco J. , Minaya-Muñoz Francisco , Herrero Pablo , Lapuente-Hernández Diego 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The main objective was to study the anatomy of the adductor longus by ultrasound and cadaveric dissection, correlate the findings with the different approaches described, and evaluate the feasibility of defining a “safe window” for interventional musculoskeletal procedures.

Methods
The anatomical study was performed on six cadaveric pieces, while ultrasound evaluations were performed on both lower limbs of 26 subjects (n = 52). Ultrasound variables included the number of saphenous veins, the location of the saphenous vein in relation to the proximal myotendinous junction, the number of vessels within or superficial to the adductor longus, and the distance between the dermis and the inferior border of the adductor longus to the anterior branch of the obturator nerve.

Results
Key anatomic risk factors identified in cadavers included the great saphenous vein, the anterior branch of the obturator nerve, and the vascular network traversing the adductor longus. Ultrasound findings revealed that 91.4% of cases had at least one vessel at the proximal myotendinous junction in the cross-sectional area, almost 60% showed two to five vessels within the thickness of the muscle, and the anterior branch of the obturator nerve was located at a mean depth of 3.63–3.93 cm.

Conclusions
It was not possible to define a “safe” approach area without the risk of damaging any neurovascular bundle due to the high anatomical variability both in number and in the route of these along the adductor longus. Therefore, the use of ultrasound to guide any interventional musculoskeletal procedure is highly recommended.
Visualization and prediction of the pleura and thoracic duct: elucidation of changes due to respiration using arterial landmarks and CT images
Authors: Hirano Niina , Muro Satoru , Tsuchiya Junichi , Akita Keiichi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The thoracic duct uses the pulsation of accompanying arteries to facilitate lymphatic flow. However, the lymphatic flow mechanism cannot be explained when it does not accompany the arteries. This study aimed to clarify the anatomical position of the thoracic duct and surrounding structures and determine the differences in the thoracic duct length and course during inspiration and expiration.

Methods
Six cadavers were dissected to observe the positional relationship between the thoracic duct and surrounding structures. Image sequences of anatomical sections from the Visible Korean Human Open Resource were observed and reconstructed to understand their three-dimensional positioning. Inspiratory and expiratory computed tomography scans were used to measure and examine respiratory variations in the distance between the arterial landmarks to predict the thoracic duct length.

Results
The thoracic duct accompanied the arteries for most of its course and was sandwiched between the arteries and pleura, entering the mediastinum. However, there was an area on the cranial side of the aortic arch where the thoracic duct did not accompany the arteries. The distance between the arterial landmarks in this area, which approximate the thoracic duct length, was significantly longer during inspiration (39.3 ± 7.81 mm) than during expiration (31.49 ± 7.01 mm).

Conclusion
This study suggests that the pleura entering the mediastinum pushes the thoracic duct toward the arteries to promote lymphatic flow generation by arterial pulsation. Additionally, this study suggests that the lymphatic flow in the thoracic duct is generated by the expansion and contraction of the thoracic duct with respiratory movement.
The rare phenomenon of glomerulonephritis presentation in extra-nodal marginal zone lymphoma: summary of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Stanchina Michele D. , Alderuccio Juan Pablo , Zuo Yiqin , Cassidy Daniel , Lossos Izidore S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis (GN) has been reported in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Despite descriptions in NHL, very few reports have been documented in marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). In this article, we review the literature of currently known cases of MZL-associated GN and we detail two cases of patients with extra-nodal MZL (EMZL) who both presented with renal failure, fluid overload, and proteinuria which were attributed to GN after a renal biopsy. We discuss the pathology of each renal biopsy in depth and how the diagnosis of GN was made, along with potential mechanisms of how EMZL led to GN. We also discuss the treatments each patient received and whether this led to the resolution of their GN. Both cases highlight the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for this paraneoplastic syndrome when patients present with signs or symptoms of renal failure, proteinuria or hematuria, or potential renal involvement on imaging. In these cases, a renal biopsy should be pursued to confirm the diagnosis, and treatment should be tailored accordingly.
Evidence of eastern rockhopper penguin feeding on a key commercial arrow squid species
Authors: Guímaro Hugo R. , Thompson David R. , Morrison Kyle W. , Fragão Joana , Matias Ricardo S. , Xavier José C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cephalopods are crucial to the Southern Ocean ecosystem, connecting top predators with mid-trophic organisms, yet their ecology in the Pacific sector is not well understood. This research used stable isotope analysis to explore the habitat and trophic ecology of cephalopods found in the diet of eastern rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome filholi) around Campbell Island, a New Zealand sub-Antarctic island. Eastern rockhopper penguins were used as biologic samplers, revealing some differences in cephalopod diversity and ecology between two breeding seasons—1986–87 and 2012–13—, and the squid Nototodarus sloanii, a commercially valuable species, was described for the first time in the 2012–13 season. Stable isotope values (δ
13C and δ
15N) for the squid species Moroteuthopsis ingens were consistent between seasons, indicating ecological stability, whereas the octopod species Octopus campbelli showed changes, suggesting shifts in habitat and feeding. Warmer oceanic temperatures in 2012–13 may have facilitated the emergence of N. sloanii on the diet of the eastern rockhopper penguins. These findings highlight potential changes in cephalopod biodiversity in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, emphasizing the need for further research on ecological dynamics of this region.
The basics of PET molecular imaging in neurodegenerative disorders with dementia and/or parkinsonism
Authors: Bronte Angela , Prieto Elena , Quincoces Gemma , Erro Elena , Arbizu Javier 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging biomarkers have become crucial in understanding and diagnosing neurodegenerative disorders. PET imaging allows for the in vivo quantification of molecular targets with high sensitivity, aiding in the study of disease pathophysiology and progression from preclinical stages. By visualising specific molecular pathologies, PET biomarkers enable a shift from symptom-based to biology-based definitions of neurodegenerative diseases, allowing for earlier and more accurate detection and diagnosis. This has significant implications for developing and testing new therapies aimed at modifying disease course.
In this review, we will go through the standards of PET imaging in the evaluation of neurodegenerative disorders. Specifically, we will review PET molecular imaging of amyloid-β plaques, tau pathology, as well as the effect of neurodegeneration on neuronal activity in different disorders. Moreover, we will revise PET tracers targeting neurotransmitter systems such as the dopaminergic system which can detect early functional changes in movement disorders. Issues related to methods, image interpretation, normal findings and mimics will be an important part of this review.

Key Points

Question

A review of PET molecular imaging tools for assisting the clinical diagnosis of patients presenting with cognitive impairment or parkinsonism and suspected neurodegenerative disease.

Findings

PET molecular imaging tools vary widely in their image acquisition protocols and image interpretation, allowing us to study different features of neurodegenerative diseases.

Clinical relevance

The majority of PET molecular imaging tools are currently in use in our clinical practice. Despite the differences between them, standardised visual reading methods and specific semi-quantitative parameters have been established, allowing for their use.