bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROLIFERATION OF PERIPHERAL LYMPHOID CELLS FROM EUTHYROID AND HYPERTHYROID INDIVIDUALS CULTURED WITH HUMAN THYROGLOBULIN
Authors: Blomgren Henric , Lundell Goran 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Peripheral lymphoid cells from euthyroid and hyperthyroid subjects were tested for proliferative responses to human thyroglobulin in vitro using [3H] thymidine incorporation as assay. Non-fractionated lymphoid cells from both groups displayed weak stimulation. Using a rosette technique for separating sub-populations of lymphoid cells it was concluded that T-cells constituted the responding cells. The results indicate that both hyperthyroid and euthyroid subjects possess clones of T-cells which are reactive against human thyroglobulin.
EFFECTS OF ALPHA- AND BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS ON BINDING OF THYROTROPHIN TO FAT CELL MEMBRANE
Authors: Kishihara Michizo , Nakao Yoshinobu , Baba Yasuto , Ohgo Shozo , Matsukura Shigeru , Fujita Takuo , Kuma Kanji 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Alpha- (phentolamine) and beta-adrenergic blocking agents (propranolol) and quinidine similarly enhance the specific binding of TSH to the guinea pig fat cell membranes over the concentration range of 2 × 10−4 to 4 × 10™3 m, increasing the binding affinity of TSH to the membranes. The percentage bound increased from 8 % in the absence of agents to 32 % (phentolamine), 29% (propranolol) and 24% (quinidine), respectively in the presence of these agents (1.5 × 10−3 m). Each minimal detectable quantity of TSH was approximately 10 μU per tube in the presence of these agents (10−3 m) as compared to 100 μU per tube in their absence. Both phentolamine and propranolol appeared to enhance the TSH binding to fat cell membranes through membrane-active, non-specific effects besides their alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking activities.
POTENTIATION AND INHIBITION OF INSULIN RELEASE IN MAN FOLLOWING PRIMING WITH GLUCOSE AND WITH ARGININE – EFFECT OF SOMATOSTATIN
Authors: Efendić S. , Lins P. E. , Cerasi E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of priming normal subjects with glucose or with arginine on subsequent insulin and glucagon responses was investigated. A 60 min glucose infusion enhanced markedly the insulin response to a second glucose infusion, initiated 60 min after the end of the first one. When the insulin release caused by the first glucose infusion was blocked by somatostatin, enhancement of the response to the second infusion was still present. These results suggest that the action of glucose in inducing a time-dependent potentiation in the islet is not secondary to events associated with granular exocytosis.
Arginine, infused over 30 min, failed to enhance either the insulin or the glucagon response to a second arginine infusion given 60 or 90 min later.
When glucose was given as a rapid iv injection, it inhibited the insulin response to a second glucose load 30 min later. This effect of glucose was independent of its acute stimulation of insulin release: addition of somatostatin to the first glucose injection abolished the acute insulin response, but not the inhibition of the second response.
Priming with arginine, either given as an infusion or as a rapid iv injection, caused the inhibition of the subsequent insulin responses to arginine. In the case of priming with a 30-min arginine infusion, this inhibitory effect could be detected 60 and 90 min later. When priming was through rapid iv bolus, inhibition of the second insulin response appeared after 10 and 20 min, but faded out at 40–60 min. No such inhibition of the consecutive glucagon responses was observed. As for glucose, addition of somatostatin to the priming injection of arginine did not modify the subsequent inhibition of the insulin response.
The following is concluded: 1. Glucose-induced time-dependent inhibition and potentiation of subsequent insulin release is not generated by the insulin secretion process per se. 2. Arginine does not generate time-dependent potentiation of insulin or glucagon release. 3. Arginine generates time-dependent inhibition of subsequent insulin but not of glucagon release. In analogy to glucose this effect is not mediated by the insulin release per se. 4. The mechanisms of acute initiation of insulin release, of time-dependent potentiation and of time-dependent inhibition are different; somatostatin acts exclusively on the acute initiation.
STUDY OF GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND THE DYNAMIC PROPERTY OF INSULIN SECRETION. ANALYSIS OF INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST WITH THE AID OF A CONTROL THEORY
Authors: Kawamori Ryuzo , Shichiri Motoaki , Murata Teishi , Nomura Makoto , Shigeta Yukio , Abe Hiroshi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The dynamic property of insulin secretion in relation to glucose tolerance was investigated quantitatively during iv glucose tolerance tests in 237 cases. The following results were obtained; 1) Glucose clearance constant (k-value) was not constant but variable with time and should be expressed as a function of time, K(t). In normal glucose tolerance, K(t) became greater with time. 2) Glucose-induced insulin secretion was expressed as the function of a proportional plus derivative response to glucose concentration. A weighting function of derivative response, reflecting the insulin secretion per unit of rate of change in blood glucose concentration, was calculated from blood glucose concentration (input) and insulin concentration (output) by the deconvolution method. It was clearly shown that the gain in weighting function was small and the response was slow even in the individual whose glucose tolerance was slightly impaired. 3) The greater the weighting function, the larger the change in K(t).
ENHANCED TESTOSTERONE IN FEMALE PATIENTS WITH ANOREXIA NERVOSA: ITS NORMALIZATION AFTER WEIGHT GAIN
Authors: Baranowska B. , Zgliczyński S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to elucidate the mechanism of disturbances of gonadal hormones secretion in anorexia nervosa 14 female patients were investigated. A control group also consisted of 14 women of the same age. The serum LH, progesterone, oestrogens: oestrone + oestradiol (Oe1 + Oe2), oestriol (Oe3) and testosterone were determined by radioimmunological methods. In patients with anorexia nervosa the serum testosterone and Oe3 concentrations were dramatically elevated, whereas LH, progesterone and Oe1 + Oe2 were decreased as compared with the control group. Considerable weight gain induced by cyproheptadine treatment caused a normalization of the serum testosterone and Oe3 concentrations in all the patients. A negative correlation between the testosterone level and the deficit in body weight was observed. The mechanism causing the dramatically high serum testosterone concentration in the female patients with anorexia nervosa is discussed.
INTRA-AMNIOTIC THYROXINE (T4) ABSORPTION BY THE PREMATURE HUMAN FOETUS
Authors: Sack Joseph , Mashiach Shlomo , Barkai Gad , Lunenfeld Bruno , Brish Michael , Goldman Boleslav , Serr David M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
We reported previously on the beneficial influence of intra-amniotic T4 injection in accelerating human foetal lung maturity. Twenty-four h after T4 (250 μg) intra-amniotic injection, the mean cord serum T4 concentration in 13 premature newborns was 17 ± 2.1 μg/100 ml, while the T4 concentration in a matched group was only 11.6 ± 0.9 μg/100 ml: in 5 of the infants who received intra-amniotic thyroxine T4 was measured 12 h post-partum and rose from 16.1 ± 1.8 to 24.3 ± 2.6 μg/100 ml. No change in maternal T4 concentration was observed. The mean cord serum T4 concentration in premature newborns delivered more than 3 days following T4 intra-amniotic injection, however, was not significantly different from that of the controls. These data suggest that T4 (250 μg) injected intraamniotically is absorbed by the premature human foetus. Furthermore, the hyperthyroxinaemia is only transient, and does not prevent the post-natal T4 surge.
PLASMA TESTOSTERONE IN MALE PUBERTY
Authors: Knorr D. , Beckmann D. , Bidlingmaier F. , Helmig F.-J. , Sip pell W. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma testosterone was determined by radioimmunoassay in 36 prepubertal boys with hypospadia prior to and 3 days after stimulation with 5000 IU of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). As a control group, 30 boys of comparable age, predominantly with unilateral cryptorchidism, were studied. The increase in plasma testosterone levels after hCG was (median and range) 204 (83–393) ng/100 ml in the control group, whereas in the hypospadiac group a median increase of only 90 (33–272) ng/100 ml was found. The difference between the median testosterone levels after hCG stimulation in the two groups investigated is statistically highly significant (P < 0.0001). After hCG stimulation, 13 out of the 36 boys with hypospadia did not reach the lowest stimulated testosterone level (87 ng/100 ml) found in the control group. It is concluded that a substantial portion of the aetiologically obscure cases of hypospadia are caused by an endocrine testicular insufficiency.
ADRENERGIC INPUTS TO THE AMYGDALA AND THE CONTROL OF GONADOTROPHIN RELEASE
Authors: Borrell José , Piva Flavio , Martini Luciano 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Drugs able to mimic or to antagonize the action of catecholamines have been implanted bilaterally into the basomedial region of the amygdala of adult castrated female rats. The animals were killed at different intervals after the implantation of the different drugs, and serum levels of LH and FSH were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results have shown that the intra-amygdalar implantation of the alpha-adrenergic blocker phenoxybenzamine induces a significant increase of the release both of LH and FSH. The implantation of the beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol brings about a rise of LH only. The dopamine receptor blocker pimozide stimulates the release of LH and exerts a biphasic effect (stimulation followed by inhibition) of FSH secretion. The alpha-receptor stimulant clonidine and the dopaminergic drug 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine were without significant effects.
From these observations it is suggested that the adrenergic signals reaching the basomedial area of the amygdala (possibly from the brain stem) may be involved in the modulation of gonadotrophin secretion.
EFFECT OF ANDROGENS ON PROLACTIN (PRL) RELEASE IN HUMANS
Authors: D'Agata R. , Gulizia S. , Vicari E. , Aliffi A. , Polosa P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to evaluate whether androgens were able to affect PRL release, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were injected intramuscularly in male and female subjects. PRL blood levels were not modified by testosterone either in healthy males or in amenorrhoeic women, and PRL release in males proved unaffected by dihydrotestosterone at the dose used.
DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF PROLACTIN IN THE PLASMA OF MATURING FEMALE RATS BEARING HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS
Authors: Alvarez Edgardo O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Previous evidence from our laboratory suggested a possible involvement of prolactin (PRL) in the induction of precocious puberty due to hypothalamic lesions in maturing female rats. In the present report the concentrations of PRL in plasma of lesioned and control rats were determined three times a day at three different periods of puberty. Lesions were produced in 20 day-old rats by a radiofrequency current in the anterior hypothalamic area (AHA). Intact littermates were used as control. Respectively 23, 25 and 28 day-old lesioned and control rats were bled at 08.00, 12.00 or 16.00 h. PRL levels, measured by RIA were determined from plasma aliquots. In control rats, elevated plasma PRL levels were found in the afternoon. Hypothalamic lesion induced a tendency to elevate tonically the PRL plasma concentrations which was evident at 16.00 h in 23 and 25 day-old rats and at 08.00 and 12.00 h in 28 day-old rats. The present results give additional support to our previous suggestion that PRL secretion is modified by the effect of lesions in the AHA.
INCREASED INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND CELLULAR INSULIN BINDING IN OBESE DIABETICS FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH GLIBENCLAMIDE
Authors: Beck-Nielsen Henning , Pedersen Oluf , Lindskov Hans Otto 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of glibenclamide on the insulin receptors, the insulin sensitivity and the insulin secretion in obese non-ketotic diabetics.
Two groups of 9 obese diabetics were studied before and after 10 days' treatment with a 1200 Kcal's diet and a 1200 kcal's diet + 10 mg/day of glibenclamide, respectively. In the group treated with diet alone we found no significant alteration of the insulin secretion pattern (P > 0.1). However, the insulin sensitivity increased 37 % (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the insulin binding to monocytes increased (P < 0.01) due to a 36% rise of the binding affinity. In the group treated with glibenclamide and diet the insulin secretory pattern was unchanged, too (P > 0.1). The insulin sensitivity, however, increased 83% (P < 0.01). Moreover, the insulin binding was raised (P < 0.01) as a result of a 80 % rise of the number of insulin receptors.
In 4 patients who were treated with diet (1200 kcal/day) plus glibenclamide and in 5 patients who were treated with diet alone (1200 kcal/day) the insulin binding to monocytes was studied during treatment for 1 year. After 1 year we found a significantly (P < 0.05) higher cellular insulin binding in the glibenclamide treated patients compared to the patients who got diet alone.
We conclude that 1) the augmentation of the insulin sensitivity is of great importance for the normalization of the diabetic state in obese, 2) the increase in insulin binding may be of importance for the increase in insulin sensitivity, 3) glibenclamide appears to enhance the insulin sensitivity through an increase in the number of insulin receptors.
17-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE IN THE COSYNTROPIN TEST: RESULTS IN NORMAL AND HIRSUTE WOMEN AND IN MILD CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
Authors: Gourmelen M. , Pham-Huu-Trung M. T. , Bredon M. G. , Girard F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The variations in plasma cortisol, testosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) induced by an im injection of 0.25 mg cosyntrophin were studied in three groups of subjects: 16 healthy women, 16 hirsute women (HW) and 10 mild cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
The basal values of cortisol and testosterone were comparable between the three groups. In the patients with mild CAH, the mean 17-OHP concentration was increased: 483.9 ng/100 ml (113-1200 ng), but it should be noted that the individual values could overlap with the normal concentrations found in the controls and the HW during the luteal phase of the cycle.
One hour after the injection of cosyntropin, a massive response of 17-OHP was observed in the mild cases of CAH, the mean basal concentration was multiplied by ten: 4843 ng/100 ml. The minimum concentration reached was 1740 ng/100 ml which is still 3-fold the highest level seen either in normal women (400 ng/ml) or in hirsute women (550 ng/100 ml). Determination of 17-OHP following a short-term ACTH stimulation, therefore provides evidence of partial 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
INCIDENCE OF IMMUNE COMPLEX NEPHRITIS FOLLOWING ACTIVE IMMUNISATION WITH A TESTOSTERONE-3-BSA CONJUGATE OR BSA ALONE
Authors: Witting Ch. , Wickings E. J. , Nieschlag E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Before immunisation with hormones can be applied in therapeutic medicine, the possible immunological side effects should be investigated. Therefore the kidneys of 20 rabbits immunised with testosterone-BSA conjugates were examined 4 to 30 weeks after immunisation for the presence of immune complex precipitation and glomerulonephritis. Eighty-five per cent showed differing degrees of precipitation and 50 % had an exudative glomerulonephritis. None of the kidneys from normal control rabbits or those immunised with complete Freund's adjuvant or BSA showed any signs of immune complex precipitation, although high anti-BSA titres were present in the BSA-immunised animals (1/3000 – 1/25 000). BSA antibodies could not be detected in the rabbits immunised with testosterone-3-BSA. In the light of these findings active immunisation with steroid-BSA conjugates would not be advisable as a means of therapy.
PITUITARY-THYROID FUNCTION IN SPIRONOLACTONE TREATED HYPERTENSIVE WOMEN
Authors: Smals A. G. H. , Kloppenborg P. W. C. , Hoefnagels W. H. L. , Drayer J. I. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four weeks high dose spironolactone treatment (Aldactone® Searle, 100 mg q. i. d.) significantly enhanced the TSH (Δ max. 8.5 ± 4.1 vs. 4.6 ± 3.1 μU/ml, P < 0.05) and T3 (Δ max. 32±27 vs. 11 ± 16 ng/100 ml, P < 0.05) responses to an intravenous TRH/LH-RH bolus injection in 6 eumenorrhoeic euthyroid hypertensive women, without affecting basal serum TSH, T3 or T4 levels or the basal and stimulated LH, FSH and prolactin values (P > 0.10). The mean serum testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and oestradiol levels were also similar before and during therapy. Spironolactone, possibly by virtue of its antiandrogenic action, may exert its enhancing effect on pituitary-thyroid function by modulating the levels of receptors for TRH in the thyrotrophs or by altering the T3 receptor in the pituitary permitting a greater response to TRH.
LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND OESTROGEN METABOLISM – PERFUSION STUDIES WITH CIRRHOTIC RAT LIVERS
Authors: Höller Michael , Dengler Karin , Fabricius Renate , Breuer Heinz 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Radioactive oestrone and oestradiol-17β were perfused through normal and cirrhotic livers of rats. Liver cirrhosis had been induced by a combined application of carbon tetrachloride and azathioprine. The hepatic uptake of both oestrogens by cirrhotic livers was reduced; the uptake of oestrone was more affected than that of oestradiol-17β, The pattern of oestrogen metabolites indicated a reduction of the sulphotransferase activity in cirrhotic livers. The activity of other enzymes of oestrogen metabolism were similar in normal and cirrhotic livers. The amount of oestrogen glucuronides excreted into the bile was significantly less in cirrhotic livers although the bile volume was larger in cirrhotic than in normal livers. The release of oestrogen metabolites into the circulating medium was considerably higher during perfusion of cirrhotic livers.
From the findings presented here it is concluded that the turnover of oestrogens is slower in cirrhotic than in normal livers. Moreover, it may be speculated that the distribution volume of the oestrogen metabolites is smaller in rats with liver cirrhosis, due to a disturbed enterohepatic circulation. This results in higher oestrogen concentrations in extracellular fluids, thus supporting the concept of hyper-oestrogenism in liver cirrhosis.
HEPATIC UPTAKE OF DESIALYLATED TESTOSTERONE-OESTRADIOL-BINDING GLOBULIN IN THE RAT
Authors: Suzuki Yasuyuki , Sinohara Hyogo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Testosterone-oestradiol-binding globulin (TeBG) isolated from bovine serum was desialylated by treatment with neuraminidase and its properties were compared with intact TeBG. No significant differences were observed in the testosterone-binding capacity or antigenic determinant, but electrophoretic mobility of asialo-TeBG decreased slightly. When injected into rat vein, 125I-labelled asialo-TeBG was rapidly taken up by the liver, whereas 125I-labelled intact TeBG remained in the circulation for a much longer period. Galactose oxidase treatment of asialo-TeBG, which presumably oxidized the primary alcohol of galactose at C-6 to an aldehyde, caused a reversion of its survival time in the blood to that of intact TeBG. When incubated with isolated rat liver cells at 20°C, the desialylated, but not intact, TeBG was rapidly taken up, and its uptake was inhibited by excess amount of asialo-orosomucoid. Under these conditions in vitro, [3H] testosterone bound to asialo-TeBG was taken up by the liver cells together with the asialo-TeBG.
OVULATION BLOCKADE AND RECEPTIVITY IN THE CYCLIC RAT
Authors: van Riemsdijk Alice , Zeilmaker G. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The onset and decline of sexual receptivity was determined around oestrus in intact 5-day cyclic rats and in animals in which spontaneous ovulation was inhibited with nembutal.
It was observed that early receptivity (before the critical hours at 14–16 h) could be induced by prior exposure of pro-oestrous females to male rats during the morning at pro-oestrus. In most cases early receptivity was associated with a failure to block ovulation with nembutal administered at 14 h.
In cyclic rats receptivity disappeared on the day of oestrus between 8 and 10 a. m. By contrast the period of receptivity was prolonged for 24 h in animals in which ovulation was inhibited by nembutal. Reflex ovulation could be induced by exposure of nembutal-blocked rats to intact as well as to pudendectomized male rats, which latter cannot achieve intromissions. This illustrates the limited role of female genital stimuli in the induction of reflex ovulation.
Progesterone (1.25 or 5 mg) injected at pro-oestrus during nembutal sedation did not have an attenuating effect on receptivity 24 h later. It is concluded that LH-surge dependent progesterone secretion at pro-oestrus is not essential for the induction and termination of receptivity around oestrus and that hormones, presumably oestrogens, secreted by the persistent pre-ovulatory follicles, are responsible for the prolonged period of receptivity following nembutal blockade of ovulation.
ISOLATION OF HIGHLY PURIFIED SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN (SHBG): EVIDENCE FOR MICROHETEROGENEITY
Authors: Mischke W. , Weise H. C. , Graesslin D. , Rusch R. , Tamm J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Highly purified sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was isolated in milligram amounts from a human serum fraction (Cohn IV-4). The final preparation was homogeneous by the criteria of polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Immunological evidence for purity could be given by double diffusion according to Ouchterlony. However, following gel isoelectric focusing highly purified SHBG displayed four different bands, as could be demonstrated by staining as well as by a photoscan of the [3H]5α-dihydrotestosterone-SHBG complex. After incubation with neuraminidase the microheterogeneity of SHBG disappeared and the asialo-SHBG showed only one band.
FAMILIAL THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN DEFICIENCY IN ASSOCIATION WITH NON-TOXIC GOITRE
Authors: Bratusch-Marrain Paul , Haydl Hannes , Waldhäusl Werner , Dudczak Robert , Graninger Wolfgang 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A kindred is presented in which 4 members in 3 generations showed absent or reduced serum concentrations of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). TBG was undetectable by radioimmunoassay in one male and decreased to varying extent in 3 female patients (4.0, 4.2 and 8.6 μg/ml; normal range 12.5–26.0 μg/ml). Total thyroxine serum concentrations in the affected subjects were well in the hypothyroid range without clinical evidence of hypothyroidism. The mode of transmission of the trait was consistent with X-chromosome linkage. A high incidence of non-toxic goitre was also present in most of the family members examined irrespective of TBG levels. The transmission of the goitre trait was compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance. Thus its association with transmission of TBG deficiency was interpreted as not causal but coincidental.