bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of gastric H+,K+‐ATPase and Helicobacter pylori growth by phenolic antioxidants of Zingiber officinale
Authors: Siddaraju M. N. , Dharmesh Shylaja M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUlcer is a common global problem characterized by acute gastric irritability, bleeding, etc. due to either increased gastric cell proton potassium ATPase activity (PPA) or perturbation of mucosal defence. Helicobacter pylori has been identified as a major ulcerogen in addition to oxidative stress and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. In this paper, we report ginger‐free phenolic (GRFP) and ginger hydrolysed phenolic (GRHP) fractions of ginger (Zingiber officinale) as potent inhibitors of PPA and H. pylori growth. GRFP and GRHP inhibited PPA at an IC50 of 2.9 ± 0.18 and 1.5 ± 0.12 μg/mL, exhibiting six‐ to eight‐fold better potency over lansoprazole. GRFP is constituted by syringic (38%), gallic (18%) and cinnamic (14%) acids and GRHP by cinnamic (48%), p‐coumaric (34%) and caffeic (6%) acids as major phenolic acids. GRFP and GRHP further exhibited free radical scavenging (IC50 1.7 ± 0.07 and 2.5 ± 0.16), inhibition of lipid peroxidation (IC50 3.6 ± 0.21 and 5.2 ± 0.46), DNA protection (80% at 4 μg) and reducing power abilities (80–338 U/g) indicating strong antioxidative properties. GRFP and GRHP may thus be potential in‐expensive multistep blockers against ulcer.
Flavonoids alter P‐gp expression in intestinal epithelial cellsin vitroandin vivo
Authors: Lohner Katrin , Schnäbele Kerstin , Daniel Hannelore , Oesterle Doris , Rechkemmer Gerhard , Göttlicher Martin , Wenzel Uwe 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFlavonoids are secondary plant metabolites included in our diet but are also provided in a growing number of supplements. They are suggested to interact with intestinal transport systems including phospho‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) which mediates the efflux of a variety of xenobiotics back into the gut lumen. In human intestinal Caco‐2 cells, we tested the effects of 14 different flavonoids on P‐gp expressionin vitro. Protein expression levels were quantified by Western blotting, flow cytometry, and real‐time PCR. Except apigenin, all flavonoids at concentrations of 10 μM increased P‐gp expression in Western blotting experiments when cells were exposed to the compounds over 4 wk. Flavone was one of the most effective P‐gp inducers in Caco‐2 cells and its effects were, therefore, also assessed for changes in P‐gpin vivoin the gastrointestinal tract of C57BL/6 mice. P‐gp expression was significantly increased by flavone (400 mg/kg body weight×day over 4 wk) in the small intestine but not in the colon which displayed intrinsically the highest expression level. In conclusion, the increase in P‐gp expression caused by flavonoids in intestinal epithelial cellsin vitroand alsoin vivomay serve as an adaptation and defense mechanism limiting the entry of lipophilic xenobiotics into the organism.
Selective excitation of overlapping multiplets; the application of doubly selective and chemical shift filter experiments to complex NMR spectra
Authors: Duncan Sara J. , Lewis Richard , Bernstein Michael A. , Sandor Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStandard 1D TOCSY and NOE experiments have limitations where signals are severely overlapped. Here, two recently published selective excitation methods are evaluated, the first of which uses a chemical shift selective filter to select a single resonance based on its chemical shift, and the second of which is a doubly selective experiment comprising a 1D TOCSY preparation step and subsequent 1D NOE. We also demonstrate the improvement in spectral quality obtained by the use of the zero quantum filter, which is incorporated into both of these experiments. The application of these different methods of selectively exciting overlapped multiplets, to different types of samples is considered. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequent atrophic groups with mixed‐type myofibers is distinctive to motor neuron syndromes
Authors: Baloh Robert H. , Rakowicz Wojtek , Gardner Robert , Pestronk Alan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study was performed to determine whether there are distinctive features to the pattern of muscle denervation in motor neuron disease. We first compared muscle biopsies from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Kennedy's disease with other causes of denervation. Groups of atrophic muscle fibers, with individual groups containing both fiber types I and II, occurred frequently in motor neuron disease but not other causes of denervation. We then identified 11 additional muscle biopsies with frequent atrophic groups containing mixed fiber types. Chart review revealed that 10 patients had a final diagnosis of motor neuron disease or ALS and one had multifocal motor neuropathy. We conclude that muscle biopsy may have diagnostic utility early in the course of motor neuron disease. The muscle biopsy pattern of frequent atrophic groups containing mixed fiber types should suggest a diagnosis of a motor neuron syndrome or motor neuropathy. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation in neurorehabilitation
Authors: Sheffler Lynne R. , Chae John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis review provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical uses of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for functional and therapeutic applications in subjects with spinal cord injury or stroke. Functional applications refer to the use of NMES to activate paralyzed muscles in precise sequence and magnitude to directly accomplish functional tasks. In therapeutic applications, NMES may lead to a specific effect that enhances function, but does not directly provide function. The specific neuroprosthetic or “functional” applications reviewed in this article include upper‐ and lower‐limb motor movement for self‐care tasks and mobility, respectively, bladder function, and respiratory control. Specific therapeutic applications include motor relearning, reduction of hemiplegic shoulder pain, muscle strengthening, prevention of muscle atrophy, prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis, improvement of tissue oxygenation and peripheral hemodynamic functioning, and cardiopulmonary conditioning. Perspectives on future developments and clinical applications of NMES are presented. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI of muscle perfusion combined with MR angiography of collateral artery growth in a femoral artery ligation model
Authors: de Lussanet Quido G. , van Golde Jolanda C. G. , Beets‐Tan Regina G. H. , Post Mark J. , Huijberts Maya S. , Schaper Nicolaas C. , Kessels Alphons G. H. , van Engelshoven Jos M. A. , Backes Walter H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo assess the use of MRI for evaluating changes in muscle blood flow and number of collateral arteries, serial dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) was combined with high‐spatial‐resolution contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (MRA) in a peripheral ischemia model.The combined MRI (DCE‐MRI and MRA) protocol was performed serially in 15 male rabbits at 2 h (day 0+), 7 days, and 21 days after femoral artery ligation. In the anterior tibial and soleus muscle, changes in resting muscle blood flow determined as the endothelial transfer coefficient (Ktrans) and arterial inflow delay from DCE‐MRI and changes in the number of sub‐millimeter sized collateral arteries as scored with MRA were measured. Directly after ligation, Ktrans in the anterior tibial muscle was reduced to 23% of that in the control limb, then recovered to 81% on day 7, and to 85 % on day 21. Ktrans in the soleus muscle recovered from a reduction to 63% on day 0+, to 85% on day 7, and to 90% on day 21. The number of collaterals around the ligated femoral artery increased from 1.1 on day 0+ to 4.2 on day 7, and 6.0 on day 21 in the ligated limb only. Combined DCE‐MRI and MRA allows non‐invasive serial monitoring of changes in muscle blood flow and growth of sub‐millimeter sized collateral arteries in a rabbit femoral artery ligation model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced integration post‐processing techniques for Darcy's velocity recovery in bilinear quadrilaterals
Authors: Dias C. M. , Malta S. M. C. , Coutinho A. L. G. A. , Loula A. F. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this work we propose the use of a reduced integration technique for bilinear quadrilateral elements in the determination of the Darcy's velocity via global and local post‐processing techniques. This approach increases accuracy in distorted meshes and leads to a reduction in the computational effort for matrix coefficients and residuals evaluations. Numerical examples are shown to validate our approach, accessing its efficiency and accuracy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new formulation and 𝒞0‐implementation of dynamically consistent gradient elasticity
Authors: Askes Harm , Bennett Terry , Aifantis Elias C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn his article a special form of gradient elasticity is presented that can be used to describe wave dispersion. This new format of gradient elasticity is an appropriate dynamic extension of the earlier static counterpart of the gradient elasticity theory advocated in the early 1990s by Aifantis and co‐workers. In order to capture dispersion of propagating waves, both higher‐order inertia and higher‐order stiffness contributions are included, a fact which implies (and is denoted as) dynamic consistency. The two higher‐order terms are accompanied by two associated length scales. To facilitate finite element implementations, the model is rewritten such that 𝒞0‐continuity of the interpolation is sufficient. An auxiliary displacement field is introduced which allows the original fourth‐order equations to be split into two coupled sets of second‐order equations. Positive‐definiteness of the kinetic energy requires that the inertia length scale is larger than the stiffness length scale. The governing equations, boundary conditions and the discretized system of equations are presented. Finally, dispersive wave propagation in a one‐dimensional bar is considered in a numerical example. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulin receptor activation in solitary fibrous tumours
Authors: Li Y , Chang Q , Rubin BP , Fletcher CDM , Morgan TW , Mentzer SJ , Sugarbaker DJ , Fletcher JA , Xiao S 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSolitary fibrous tumours (SFTs) are known to overexpress insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF‐2). The down‐stream oncogenic pathways of IGF‐2, however, are not clear. Here we report uniform activation of the insulin receptor (IR) pathway in SFTs, which are mesenchymal tumours frequently associated with hypoglycaemia. Whereas the IR and its downstream signalling pathways were constitutively activated in SFTs, insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF‐1R) was not expressed in these tumours. We also find that SFT cells secrete IGF‐2 and proliferate in serum‐free medium, consistent with an IGF‐2/IR autocrine loop. The aetiological relevance of IGF‐2 is supported by expression of IR‐A, the IR isoform with high affinity for IGF‐2, in all SFTs. Our studies suggest that IR activation plays an oncogenic role in SFTs. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Slug is overexpressed in gastric carcinomas and may act synergistically with SIP1 and Snail in the down‐regulation of E‐cadherin
Authors: Alves C Castro , Rosivatz E , Schott C , Hollweck R , Becker I , Sarbia M , Carneiro F , Becker K‐F 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEpithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) involving down‐regulation of E‐cadherin is known to play an important role in tumour progression. The aim of our study was to investigate the mRNA expression of two EMT regulators—Slug and E12/E47—in primary human gastric carcinomas and to compare this with the expression of E‐cadherin and other EMT regulators (Snail, Twist, and SIP1). We studied a series of 59 gastric carcinomas by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR in formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues. Thirty‐four cases (58%) showed Slug up‐regulation in the tumour; reduced or negative expression of E‐cadherin was present in 24 of these (71%, p < 0.0001). Twenty‐one cases (36%) showed E12/E47 up‐regulation that was not significantly associated with E‐cadherin down‐regulation (p = 0.5734). Slug up‐regulation accompanied by E‐cadherin down‐regulation correlated with the presence of distant metastases (p = 0.0029) and with advanced pTNM stages (p = 0.0424). A statistically significant association was found between Slug up‐regulation and the expression of SIP1 in intestinal (p = 0.0014) and Snail in diffuse (p = 0.0067) carcinomas. We present the first study integrating the analysis of several EMT regulators in primary gastric carcinomas and conclude that Slug up‐regulation is associated with E‐cadherin down‐regulation in diffuse and intestinal‐type gastric carcinoma, and that this effect could be complemented by the presence of other EMT regulators. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Midtrimester maternal serum inhibin A levels after multifetal pregnancy reduction
Authors: Chen Heng‐Ju , Huang Lee‐Wen , Lin Yu‐Hung , Seow Kok‐Min , Hsieh Bih‐Chwen , Hwang Jiann‐Loung , Tzeng Chii‐Ruey 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the maternal serum inhibin A concentrations and the number of fetuses. Further, the maternal serum inhibin A levels for twin pregnancies and multiple pregnancies reduced to twins in the second trimester were compared.MethodsThree groups of women with pregnancies following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were recruited for this study. Groups 1, 2 and 3 included 20 singleton pregnancies, 37 twin pregnancies, and 35 multifetal pregnancies, respectively. In group 3, multifetal reduction was performed during 10–12 weeks of gestation. Blood samples were obtained longitudinally at 10th, 12th, 15th and 18th week of gestation.ResultsThere was a significant association between the number of fetuses and maternal plasma inhibin A prior to multifetal reduction. The inhibin A levels were not significantly different between twin and multifetal reduced twin pregnancies at 15th and 18th weeks of gestation.ConclusionIn multifetal reduction to twin pregnancies, the maternal serum levels of inhibin A decrease to the level of twin pregnancies during the second trimester. Therefore, inhibin A may be effectively used as a marker for Down syndrome screening in cases of twin pregnancy following multifetal reduction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personality constructs and measures
Authors: Teglasi Hedwig , Simcox April G. , Kim Na‐Young 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA psychological construct, such as personality, is an abstraction that is not directly seen but inferred through observed regularities in cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses in various settings. Two assumptions give meaning to the idea of construct validity. First, constructs represent real phenomena that exist apart from the potential ways in which they are measured. Second, constructs have a causal relation to their measures (see D. Boorsboom, G.J. Mellenbergh, & J. van Heerden, 2004). According to these twin assumptions, variation in a construct such as personality or intelligence causes individual differences in responses to items on measures; it also accounts for performance in real life settings. An alternative perspective equates a construct with the operation used for its measurement (M. Friedman, 1991) without a presumption of causality. This article elaborates on the implications of different assumptions about measurement, operation‐referenced and construct‐referenced, for advancing the science and practice of psychology. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 215–228, 2007.
Figure drawings: A popular method
Authors: Flanagan Rosemary , Motta Robert W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractResearch, commentary, and interpretive procedures reflecting varied perspectives on figure drawings are presented in order to suggest contemporary practice models for school psychologists. The review of the extensive literature includes measures with scoring systems that are normed and those systems that rely on clinical traditions for interpretation. Available scoring systems demonstrate adequate reliability and validity for screening purposes, but evidence of their utility for diagnosis of an individual by interpretation of drawings is nonexistent. Drawing data can be useful when they are aggregated with other data and interpreted in a configural manner to obtain a description of the individual, or when the focus of assessment is on overarching constructs such as well‐being. Finally, figure drawings may aid in establishing rapport with youth and provide a springboard for practitioner hypotheses, guiding the course of the assessment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 257–270, 2007.
Narrative methods of personality assessment in school psychology
Authors: Esquivel Giselle B. , Flanagan Rosemary 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis critical review of narrative methods of personality assessment highlights their value in understanding unique aspects of personality functioning of children and adolescents in the context of school psychology. The use of narratives for assessment is based on constructivist theories emphasizing the role of the person and the social group in assigning meaning to reality through the use of storytelling processes. Narrative analysis is linked to thematic apperception techniques within a personological paradigm of assessment that attends to the internal and interpersonal processes underlying personality development. A comprehensive framework is described to guide the use of narrative methods of assessing children and adolescents. Research is proposed to validate these methods further as an integral aspect of personality assessment in school psychology. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 271–280, 2007.
Comments on the miniseries: Personality assessment in school psychology
Authors: Flanagan Rosemary 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough personality assessment in school psychology is important, attention appropriate to its importance is not the norm. The miniseries contributions addressing ways personality is defined, considerations assessing diverse populations, data integration, projective or performance assessment, and Therapeutic Assessment are reviewed. Although prepared for school psychologists, the information should be helpful for all child practitioners. Important recommendations for school psychological practice are (1) the role of school psychologist should be expanded to evaluate personality beyond the level of screening, (2) personality assessment should include more than questionnaire data, (3) data obtained from varied measures should be integrated to provide a description as well as a diagnosis of the youngster, and (4) use of theory to guide interpretation is desirable. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 311–318, 2007.
Developmental vitamin D deficiency alters brain protein expression in the adult rat: Implications for neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Almeras Lionel , Eyles Darryl , Benech Philippe , Laffite Daniel , Villard Claude , Patatian Angela , Boucraut Jose , Mackay‐Sim Alan , McGrath John , Féron François 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn increased risk for multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia is observed at increasing latitude and in patients born in winter or spring. To explore a possible link between maternal vitamin D deficiency and these brain disorders, we examined the impact of prenatal hypovitaminosis D on protein expression in the adult rat brain. Vitamin D‐deficient female rats were mated with vitamin D normal males. Pregnant females were kept vitamin D‐deficient until birth whereupon they were returned to a control diet. At week 10, protein expression in the progeny's prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was compared with control animals using silver staining 2‐D gels associated with MS and newly devised data mining software. Developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency caused a dysregulation of 36 brain proteins involved in several biological pathways including oxidative phosphorylation, redox balance, cytoskeleton maintenance, calcium homeostasis, chaperoning, PTMs, synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission. A computational analysis of these data revealed that (i) nearly half of the molecules dysregulated in our animal model have also been shown to be misexpressed in either schizophrenia and/or multiple sclerosis and (ii) an impaired synaptic network may be a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction.
SELDI‐TOF‐MS analysis of chloroquine resistant and sensitive Plasmodium falciparum strains
Authors: Koncarevic Sasa , Bogumil Ralf , Becker Katja 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe resistance of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine represents an emerging problem since neither mode of drug action nor mechanisms of resistance are fully elucidated. We describe a protein expression profiling approach by SELDI‐TOF‐MS as a useful tool for studying the proteome of malarial parasites. Reproducible and complex protein profiles of the P. falciparum strains K1, Dd2, HB3 and 3D7 were measured on four array types. Hierarchical clustering led to a clear separation of the two major subgroups “resistant” and “sensitive” as well as of the four parasite strains. Our study delivers sets of regulated proteins derived from extensive comparative analyses of 64 P. falciparum protein profiles. A group of 12 peaks reflecting proteome changes under chloroquine treatment and a set of 10 potential chloroquine resistance markers were defined. Three of these regulated peaks were preparatively enriched, purified and identified. They were shown to represent the plasmodial EXP‐1 protein, also called circumsporozoite‐related antigen, as well as the α‐ and β‐ (δ‐) chains of human hemoglobin.
Proteomic analysis of spinal protein expression in rats exposed to repeated intrathecal morphine injection
Authors: Shui Hao‐Ai , Ho Shung‐Tai , Wang Jhi‐Joung , Wu Chin‐Chen , Lin Chih‐Huan , Tao Yuan‐Xiang , Liaw Wen‐Jinn 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRepeated administration of morphine for treating severe chronic pain may lead to neuroadaptive changes in the spinal cord that are thought to underlie molecular mechanisms of the development of morphine tolerance and physical dependence. Here, we employed a 2‐D gel‐based proteomic technique to detect the global changes of the spinal cord protein expression in rats that had developed morphine tolerance. Morphine tolerance at the spinal cord level was induced by repeated intrathecal injections of morphine (20 μg/10 μL) twice daily for 5 days and evaluated by measurements of paw withdrawal latencies and maximal possible analgesic effect at day 5. After behavioral tests, the lumbar enlargement segments of spinal cord were harvested and proteins resolved by 2‐DE. We found that eight proteins were significantly up‐regulated or down‐regulated in spinal cord after morphine tolerance development, including proteins involved in targeting and trafficking of the glutamate receptors and opioid receptors, proteins involved in oxidative stress, and cytoskeletal proteins, some of which were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Morphine‐induced expressional changes of these proteins in the spinal cord might be involved in the central mechanisms that underlie the development of morphine tolerance. It is very likely that these identified proteins may serve as potential molecular targets for prevention of the development of morphine tolerance and physical dependence.