bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational Researchers in Universities: the condition of the workforce*
Authors: Brown Margaret 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe British Educational Research Association (BERA) 1997 Presidential Address discusses some issues associated with that part of the workforce in educational research which is employed in universities, including the implications of recommendations in the Dearing Report. Problems are identified in recruiting staff who have appropriate experience and qualifications, at all levels from junior researcher to professor. The reverse side of the systemic problems are those of encouraging and enabling potential and existing staff to pursue successful careers in educational research, especially contract researchers who currently experience precarious careers. Some reference is made to the results of a recent BERA survey, and comparisons are made with the position in other disciplines. Proposals for remedial action, including putting pressure on the responsible agencies, are outlined.
‘Régime of Truth’ as a Serendipitous Event: an essay concerning the relationship between research data and the generation of ideas
Authors: Garratt Dean 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article argues that realist social researchers tend to regard serendipitous events within the research process with great suspicion. One result of this has been the virtual absence of any serious analysis of the role that serendipity plays in the generation of research ideas. This article attempts to address this absence through the retrospective analysis of one case study, in which the significance and impact of serendipity is explored through an example of an epiphanous experience. In capturing this moment, a serendipitous, Foucauldian reading of school discipline as a ‘régime of truth’ is developed and examined. This is then juxtaposed with a second reading or deconstruction of the first account. The article contrasts the illumination within the first account with the sobering retrospection in the second, ultimately exposing several methodological weaknesses within the original perspective. As a result, the article deliberates upon the problematic nature of constructing plausible research stories, and examines what conclusions might be drawn from those deeply interpenetrated issues that inevitably beset educational researchers.
Building Home‐School Liaison into Classroom Practice: a need to understand the nature of a teacher's working day
Authors: Hancock Roger 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article describes an evaluation of a home‐school liaison initiative— the Parental Involvement in the Core Curriculum (PICC) Project. The PICC Project ran for 2 years and it involved lecturers from a university working with class teachers in three primary schools in an inner London borough. The article looks at the extent to which the various parental involvement ideas entered school practice in a lasting way and highlights the professional issues arising from the implementation process. There is a focus on teachers’ management of the new parent practice and reflection on the methodology of the evaluation and the role of the in‐house evaluator. Given the current climate of expectations in the area of home—school liaison, it is suggested that teachers need to establish feasible initiatives for parental involvement practice—initiatives that are not only realistic in terms of extra workloads but also balanced in terms of the time spent engaging with parents and the direct benefits that this brings for children's learning. It is concluded that teachers need more pre‐service and in‐service support in order to set up productive collaborations with parents. However, more fundamentally, it is suggested that class teachers’ identities stem mainly from their work with children. So, if they are to embrace home‐school liaison without outside facilitation, there is a need for a review of the school day to give work with parents more time and status.
Rocky Mountains and Tired Indians: on territories and tribes. Reflections on multidisciplinary education in the health professions
Authors: Pirrie Anne 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article is a critical reflection on an evaluation of ‘multidisciplinary’ education in health care. The author questions the appropriateness of the topographical and anthropological metaphors commonly used to describe ‘barriers’ to multidisciplinary education and practice. She suggests that there are limits to the extent to which cohesive practice is feasible; or ‘multidisciplinary’ education desirable. She argues that these are systemic and unrelated to ‘territorialism’ or ‘tribalism’. Moreover, they can be more adequately explained by reference to notions of openness, closure, autonomy, self‐reference, circularity, interdependence and indeterminacy. The rationale for the development of multidisciplinary education within the context of changing patterns in health care delivery is also explored.
The treatment of depression: A case study using theme‐analysis
Authors: Meier Augustine , Boivin Micheline , Meier Molisa 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTheme Analysis was applied to the transcripts of 18 counseling sessions of a middle‐age depressed male to identify the themes of depression, indicate how they are linked to each other, and to track changes on the themes across psychotherapy sessions as reflected by a change process measure. Psychotherapeutic themes were defined in terms of polarities with one pole representing the problem‐end on a continuum and the second pole representing the striving‐towards end on a continuum. The Seven‐Phase Model of the Change Process was used to assess change on the themes across the sessions. Depression was defined by DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria for a Major Depressive Episode and by the Depression Scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Three classes of themes were identified: descriptive, main and core. The research produced one core theme to which the other themes are linked. The results suggest that the themes change across therapy in a progressive forward manner. The theoretical implications and clinical relevance of the findings were discussed.
Public awareness, knowledge and attitudes regarding the CEN system in South Australia
Authors: Heale Penny , Hawks David , Lenton Simon 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA sample of 605 South Australian residents was surveyed in 1997 regarding the Cannabis Expiation Notice (CEN) System. Thirty‐nine percent had ever used cannabis and 14.5% used cannabis at least once a year. While only 17% knew of the CEN scheme, 76% were familiar with the ‘on‐the‐spot fine’ scheme. There was confusion about the legal status of two expiable offences; 24% thought possession of less than 100g of cannabis was legal and 53% thought growing three plants was legal. Only 40% knew that the two expiable offences involved some legal sanction. Regarding attitudes to cannabis law, the majority thought that growing 15 plants, selling 25g for profit, possession of less than 100g by a juvenile and driving while affected by cannabis should remain illegal. Eighty per cent thought medical use of cannabis should be legal. Half of the sample thought that growing three plants and possession of less than 100g of cannabis should be legal and most of those who thought the two offences should be illegal said a fine was the appropriate penalty. Most people (57%) thought the cannabis laws should either remain as they are or become less strict, indicating general support for expiation.
Alcohol use among Australian secondary students in 1996
Authors: WHITE VICTORIA M. , HILL DAVID J. , LETCHER TESSA R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis research estimates the prevalence of alcohol use among Australian secondary students in 1996 and examines trends in alcohol prevalence over a 12‐year period. A national randomly selected representative sample of 434 secondary schools participated in the 1996 study. Eghty students were selected randomly from each school and completed a questionnaire anonymously. Current drinking (drinking alcohol in the week before the survey) increased with age from 17% of boys and 10% of girls aged 12 to 56% of boys and 50% of girls aged 17. Comparisons with data collected by similar surveys in 1984, 1987, 1990 and 1993 showed that while fewer 12–15‐year‐olds were current drinkers in 1996 than in 1984 or 1987, the 1996 proportion was no different from the 1993 proportion. In 1996, there were more hazardous drinkers among male current drinkers aged 12–15 than in any other survey period. Among 16‐and 17‐year‐olds, there were more current drinkers in 1996 than in 1993 or 1990, and more male and female current drinkers were drinking at hazardous levels in 1996 than in 1987 and 1990. Extrapolating from the 1996 findings, nearly 424000 students aged 12–17 years were current drinkers.
Effect of wastewater treatment plant discharges on the functional nitrifying communities in river sediments
Authors: Montuelle B. , Balandras B. , Volat B. , Féray C. 
Published: June 2007

Sediments were collected in three small water courses upstream and downstream a water treatment plant discharge, in one highly fertilized eutrophic pond, and from one oligotrophic brook. They were analysed for ammonium oxidation activity, for nitrite oxidation activity and for their respective nitrifying community size. The relationships between variables was investigated by a principal components analysis of the physicochemical and biological data.
Upstream sites of treatment plant discharges looked similar to an oligotrophic river, but the downstream sites have certain similarities with a highly eutrophic pond. Globally, whatever the hydrosystem, the organic carbon and organic nitrogen content of the sediments were highly correlated with nitrifying activity and nitrifiers number (significance level α = 0.001), but there was no significant correlation between the nitrifiers number and the related activity. The hypothesis of a role of the grain size on the nitrification communities was tested. A Mann-Withney U test (α = 0.05) indicated that, whatever the sediment, the two fractions of sand (500–200 μm and 200–50 μm) were non significantly different for nitrification. Conversely, the silt-clay fraction was significantly different from sands for all the nitrification's parameters. This silt-clay fraction exhibited the highest functional nitrifying community per mass unit indicating that the silt fraction is a main contributor to the nitrification process in river sediment. Finally, for each river, there were significant differences (at α = 0.05) between the nitrifiying communities in downstream and upstream sediments. In the 3 studied rivers, upstream sites were significantly higher in terms of activity and in terms of number of nitrifying bacteria. The effect of wastewater effluents discharge seems to be site specific.
Child and parental personality are associated with glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Vollrath M. E. , Landolt M. A. , Gnehm H. E. , Laimbacher J. , Sennhauser Felix H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAim  Little is known about the influence of the personality of the child and the personalities of the child's parents on glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetes. Our objective was to examine the extent to which glycaemic control is associated with the child's and the parents’ stable personality traits, using the Big Five personality model as the basic framework.Methods  Participants were 64 children (aged 6–16 years) with recent‐onset Type 1 diabetes and their parents. Glycaemic control (HbA1c) was assessed at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after diagnosis; personality was assessed at 4–6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after diagnosis. Associations of personality with mean HbA1c over 2 years were examined.Results  Children with better glycaemic control had a personality pattern of high Agreeableness, high Conscientiousness and low Neuroticism. Mothers of children with better glycaemic control showed a similar personality pattern, whereas the personality of the father was only marginally related to glycaemic control. Children's Conscientiousness and mothers’ Agreeableness together predicted 18% of the variability in mean HbA1c. All associations were unchanged when we controlled for child's age.Conclusions  Glycaemic control in the child was associated with the same child and maternal personality characteristics that influence treatment adherence, health‐promoting behaviours and general adjustment in adult populations. In future, studies are needed to examine attitudinal and behavioural mediators of this relationship. It is suggested that attention to the personalities of the child and the mother can help to tailor diabetes education to the individual child.
Advanced Practice Nurse‐Directed Telephone Management of Acute Pain Following Pediatric Spinal Fusion Surgery
Authors: Czarnecki Michelle L. , Garwood Molly Murphy , Weisman Steven J. 
Published: June 2007

PURPOSE. Children undergoing spinal fusion surgery require sophisticated pain management. This study describes an integrated system of pain management primarily directed by an advanced practice nurse (APN), encompassing both the inpatient and outpatient settings.DESIGN AND METHODS. A retrospective chart review was conducted. Pain management and patient education began in the hospital. The APN provided telephone‐based follow‐up and management after discharge.RESULTS. An average of four phone calls over 9 days was required per patient. No complications were reported.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Results of this study support the APN telephone management of postoperative pain once children are discharged following extensive surgery.
How to Build Fully π‐Conjugated Architectures with Thienylene and Phenylene Fragments
Authors: Lois Sandrine , Florès Jean‐Charles , Lère‐Porte Jean‐Pierre , Serein‐Spirau Françoise , Moreau Joël J. E. , Miqueu Karinne , Sotiropoulos Jean‐Marc , Baylère Patrick , Tillard Monique , Belin Claude 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA series of small‐sized model π‐conjugated oligomers have been prepared from thienylene and phenylene or dimethyl‐ or dimethoxy‐substituted phenylene units. Crystallographic data for the methoxylated compound show a quasi‐planar conformation with a non‐covalent S–O interaction. The resulting strong conjugation in the gas phase has also been highlighted by UV/photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations (DFT). Indeed, for these compounds there is a large energy gap ΔEπ arising from the interaction between the molecular orbitals of the isolated thienylene‐phenylene species. This can be explained in terms of the energies of the two π orbitals of the dimethoxyphenylene unit, the shape of these molecular orbitals in a three‐orbital interaction diagram and by the presence of the S···O interaction which reduces the inter‐ring angle between the two aromatic cycles. The nature of the sulfur–oxygen interaction, discussed from a theoretical point of view, is mainly electrostatic, the orbital contribution from the only correctly directed orbitals nOσ and σ*S–C being slightly stabilising. These results show extensive conjugation of the π system corroborated by a small HOMO–LUMO gap. These studies, carried out in the solid state and in the gas phase, show how important it is to combine thienylene and dialkoxyphenylene fragments to obtain oligomers with a strong electronic delocalisation. Thus, these compounds are of interest in the fields of electronic and optoelectronic devices. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Robotic prostatectomy: where are we now?
Authors: Mayer, E.K. , Karim, O. , Vale J.A. , Hrouda, D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlthough early results from studies using robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy are encouraging, long‐term data are needed to establish the role of this technique in the treatment of organ‐confined prostate cancer. The authors discuss the emergence of the da Vinci system, comparing it with the existing techniques of open retropubic radical prostatectomy and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Copyright © 2006 Wiley Interface Ltd
Conversion of Phosphatidylcholine to Phosphatidylglycerol with Phospholipase D and Glycerol
Authors: Piazza George J. , Marmer William N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWhen phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) is acted upon by the enzyme phospholipase D (PLD) in the presence of glycerol and water, at least two products can arise: phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) from hydrolysis and PtdGly from transphosphatidylation. Commercial PLD preparations from Streptomyces chromofuscus, Streptomyces sp., and cabbage were examined for their ability to selectively promote PtdGly formation in a two phase aqueous‐organic solvent system. Factors examined were enzyme amount, pH, glycerol concentration, and the type of organic solvent. The reaction of PtdCho to give products such as PtdGly was followed by HPLC using a stationary phase consisting of a polymerized poly (vinyl alcohol) on silica gel with ELSD. The identities of all products were confirmed by retention times and HPLC‐MS analyses. Under all tested conditions PLD from S. chromofuscus gave at most a 15% yield of PtdGly. Higher amounts of added glycerol inhibited this PLD. Nearly quantitative conversion to PtdGly was obtained with cabbage PLD when the mol ratio of glycerol to PtdCho was at least 64 (mol water/glycerol = 105). With PLD from Streptomyces sp. a nearly quantitative yield of PtdGly was obtained when the mol ratio of glycerol to PtdCho was at least 5.3 (mol water/glycerol = 1,266), demonstrating that this PLD had a higher selectivity for glycerol than cabbage PLD. When the glycerol concentration was very low, the level of PtdOH increased, and cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol) was generated. The highest mol ratio PtdGly to PtdOH was observed when the solvents isopropyl ether or dichloromethane were used.
Antiglaucoma Medication and Clinical Depression
Authors: Schweitzer Isaac , Maguire Kay , Tuckwell Virginia 
Published: June 2007

Objective: The aim of this paper is to alert the medical community to the potential risk of clinical depression following the use of antiglaucoma medication. Method: The available literature concerning systemic side-effects of topical antiglaucoma medication and the association of these agents with clinical depression were reviewed. In addition, two cases are reported of the occurrence of clinical depression following use of topical betaxolol which only resolved completely after switching glaucoma medication. Results/Conclusions: The case reports presented here add to the increasing body of literature linking topical ophthalmic β-adrenoceptor antagonists with depression. While these cases are uncommon, this phenomenon continues to be poorly recognized by the medical profession, psychiatrists, ophthalmologists and general practitioners alike.
Straight or Bent? An inquiry into rating scales in repertory grids
Authors: Yorke D. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOgden's (1932) analysis of opposition is used as the basis for an exploration of the ways in which respondents might use rating scales in repertory grids. The conceptual approach to the problem is described and the conclusion is drawn that the mathematical and semantic aspects of rating scales may not always be aligned. Empirical evidence is presented from a preliminary study which suggests that bipolarity is a more complex issue than might be suspected from a superficial consideration.
School‐based Examining: a mechanism for school‐based professional development and accountability
Authors: Torrance Harry 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe paper describes the context and work of a recently completed study of school‐based examining—'School‐based Examining and the Professional Development of Teachers'. The paper reports on the contribution which school‐based examining can make to professional development and curriculum development, and outlines the conditions which sustain school‐based examining in the long term. It is argued that school‐based examining is a significant mechanism used by teachers engaged in curriculum development and that the experience so gained might be useful when considering accountability in terms of self‐evaluation.
Some Thoughts on the Political and Pedagogical Implications of Mixed Sex Grouping in the Physical Education Curriculum
Authors: Evans John , Lopez Sue , Duncan Mark , Evans Moyra 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper we draw attention to an innovation, mixed sex grouping, which is increasingly featuring in the secondary school PE curriculum. The discussion considers the motivations which underpin this organisational change and examines what it means for the professional identities of teachers and their classroom practices. The paper also focuses on the process of differentiation in PE classrooms and suggests that in some circumstances innovations of this sort can exacerbate rather than attenuate childrens and teachers stereotypical attitudes.
The Distribution of Special Education (Moderate) Needs in Southampton
Authors: Molinero C. Mar , Gard J. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the demand for special education (moderate) in the City of Southampton. It is shown that the number of children that require special education (moderate) in a particular area depends on the characteristics of the area concerned. A forecast of future demand for special education is produced. A comparison with the actual 1984 figures makes it possible to assess the influence of educational policies.
Democratised Primary School Government: policy in practice
Authors: Pascal Christine 
Published: June 2007

Summary The debate over democratised school government continues and is particularly pertinent at a time when legislation is proposed which aims to significantly alter the system in favour of the parent interest. This article describes a research project, undertaken in Birmingham from 1981‐1985, which investigated how a system of democratised primary school government, in which parents were prominent, was functioning after three years experience.The findings suggest that reforming governing bodies in this manner is an effective, acceptable and practicable reform. These bodies were achieving some success in liaising with, monitoring and supporting the school, but administrative and structural factors were inhibiting their influence.The system in Birmingham provides a creditable exemplar of a policy of democratised school government in practice and is able to offer a number of strategies and guidelines for those currently concerned with developing and improving policy.
Academic Achievement as a Function of Integration in an Israeli Elementary School
Authors: Katz Yaacov J. , Ben‐Yochanan Avraham 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA project in integration was initiated at the Gush Etzion Regional Elementary School in Israel at the beginning of the 1984/85 school year. Students of Oriental ethnic origin, from a lower achievement oriented environment and a lower SES level were placed in the first grade of the school together with higher achievement oriented and higher SES level students of Western ethnic background.Educational and integrational interventions thought to be conducive to the fostering of improved academic achievement were undertaken after which all participants in the study were administered the standardised Israel Reading Comprehension Test.The results of the lower SES students participating in the integration project were compared with those of a control group studying in the segregated Elah Valley Elementary School which serves a lower SES population, as well as with those of their higher SES peers in the Gush Etzion Regional Elementary School.Statistical analyses indicate that the lower level subjects who were placed in the integrative school achieved significantly higher scores on the Israel Reading Comprehension Test than their control group peers. However, the higher level students maintained a superior level of achievement on the research measure despite the efforts made to close the achievement gap between higher and lower level students participating in the integration project.