bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylation of APC, TIMP3, and TERT: a new predictive marker to distinguish Barrett's oesophagus patients at risk for malignant transformation
Authors: Clément Geneviève , Braunschweig Richard , Pasquier Nathalie , Bosman Fred T , Benhattar Jean 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBarrett's associated oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the most rapidly increasing malignancies in Western countries. Because of its poor prognosis, management of this disease through screening of Barrett's oesophagus (BE) patients and identification of those with a high risk of developing an adenocarcinoma seems a promising approach. Early molecular markers of malignant transformation might contribute to such screening approaches. Gene promoter methylation analysis was performed on normal, pre‐neoplastic, and neoplastic lesions from BE patients. All lesions of interest were sampled by microdissection from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. We found that, in 27 adenocarcinomas, APC, TIMP3, TERT, CDKN2A, and SFRP1 promoters were methylated in 93%, 65%, 64%, 48%, and 91%, respectively; in contrast MLH1, RASSF1, RARB, CDH1, and FHIT promoters were methylated in less than 5% of the tumours. In BE mucosa from patients who had progressed to adenocarcinoma (12 samples), APC, TIMP3, and TERT promoters were hypermethylated in 100%, 91%, and 92% of cases, whereas in BE mucosa from patients who had not progressed (16 samples) methylation was found only in 36%, 23%, and 17%, respectively. Furthermore, the epigenetic profile of BE with and without EAC differed significantly with, respectively, 81% and 26% of the PCR samples showing promoter hypermethylation for APC, TIMP3, and TERT (p < 0.0001). Promoter methylation of CDKN2A was infrequently detected in BE samples, while SFRP1 methylation was observed in all samples. Our results suggest that promoter methylation profiling of BE using multiple target genes including APC, TIMP3, and TERT might be used as a predictive marker for increased EAC risk. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Career choices for pathology: national surveys of graduates of 1974–2002 from UK medical schools
Authors: Lambert Trevor W , Goldacre Michael J , Turner Gill , Domizio Paola , du Boulay Clair 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn the past 10 years there has been increasing concern about recruitment of junior doctors into pathology, particularly histopathology, in the UK. In this study, we report on career choices for pathology, derived from postal questionnaire surveys of all qualifiers from all UK medical schools in nine qualification years since 1974. 74% (24 623/33 417) and 73% (20 709/28 468) of doctors responded at 1 and 3 years after qualification. The percentage of doctors choosing pathology 1 year after qualification has fallen sharply in recent years: between 1974 and 1983 it was 4.5% (95% confidence interval 4.1–4.9%) and between 1993 and 2002 it was 2.3% (CI 2.0–2.5%). 57% of doctors who chose pathology 1 year after qualification were still working in pathology at year 10. Hours and conditions of work, the doctor's personal assessment of their aptitudes, and their experience of the subject as a student influenced long‐term career choices for pathology. Recruitment of UK graduates into the pathology specialties must increase to meet demand in the new and expanding subspecialties. This depends on developing innovative ways of raising the profile of pathology to medical students and junior hospital doctors. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of needle versus open biopsy for the diagnosis of advanced stage pediatric neuroblastoma
Authors: Gupta Abha , Kumar Ashesh , Walters Sarah , Chait Peter , Irwin Meredith S. , Gerstle J. Ted 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackgroundAdequate tissue biopsy is necessary for the appropriate diagnosis and risk stratification of pediatric neuroblastoma (NB). We compared the quality and adequacy of biopsy tissue and complication rates in children with NB who underwent open (OBX) and image‐guided needle biopsy (NBX) at our center.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with stage III and IV NB from September 2001 to August 2004. The 24 patients were divided into two groups: those in whom the diagnosis was initiated using NBX, and those diagnosed using OBX. In addition to demographic data, we collected data pertaining to sufficiency of biopsy tissue for biology studies including: Shimada Classification, MYC‐N amplification, and DNA index analysis and complications associated with the procedure. Chi‐Square and Student's t‐test were used to analyze the categorical and continuous variables, respectively.ResultsOf 24 patients, 11 underwent NBX, and 13 patients underwent OBX. Eighteen patients had stage IV disease, 5 patients had stage III disease, and 1 stage IVS. Ten major complications occurred in four NBX patients and six OBX patients. There was no difference in days of narcotic use, time to DAT, or hospital stay between the two groups. Ten patients (seven NBX and three OBX, P = 0.045) had tissue that was insufficient for biology studies. Three of the seven NBX patients underwent a second biopsy for clarification of risk group.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that more than half of patients undergoing NBX for NB had insufficient tissue for complete histological and molecular classification and that the incidence of procedural complications between NBX and OBX are similar. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experiences of people with type 2 diabetes who have changed from oral medication to self‐administered insulin injections
Authors: Morris JE , Povey RC , Street CG 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIt has been estimated that the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus will need treatment with insulin eventually if they are to keep their blood sugar levels within recommended limits. Whilst much is known about the physiological benefits of insulin, far less is known about the ‘lived experience’ of going onto insulin therapy. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the range of subjective experiences of men and women with type 2 diabetes who have recently gone onto insulin. It was specifically concerned with their expectations and experiences of insulin and the impact they felt it made on their lives.A purposeful sample of six people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who had recently commenced on insulin therapy, was taken. Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews which were audiotape‐recorded and transcribed. The transcripts were analysed together with the researcher's observational notes and documentary evidence, using interpretive phenomenological analysis.The data showed that patients experienced a range of initial reactions (from shock and anger, to relief) and perceptions of insulin, sometimes resulting in an altered self‐image. However, perceptions were shown to change over time, with some patients eventually accepting insulin and becoming empowered.It was concluded that patients starting on insulin need a programme of education and support which is not solely directed at imparting knowledge and new skills. Health care professionals must first establish patients' health beliefs, expectations and fears regarding insulin, if this knowledge is to be accepted and new skills are to be used effectively. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Kar PS , Cummings MH 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a diagnosis made in women between late adolescence and the menopause. Patients may present with menstrual irregularity, features of hyperandrogenism (hirsuitism, acne) or infertility. Diagnosis of PCOS is made on clinical features, abnormal biochemistry adjunct and/or ultrasound ovaries.PCOS is also associated with insulin resistance with consequent hyperinsulinaemia, hyperlipidaemia and obesity. Efforts to reduce insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia such as weight reduction and insulin sensitisers have been beneficial and form an important management strategy for some aspects of the syndrome. Other measures include treatment directed at specific clinical features, such as hirsuitism, menstrual irregularities and infertility.Due to the present evidence suggesting a link with insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk, patient education and attention to diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors need to be addressed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic and cardiovascular risk in the polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Cussons AJ , Stuckey BGA , Watts GF 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women that is associated with an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors. It remains unclear, however, whether there is an associated increase in cardiovascular events in this condition. Increased prevalence of non‐traditional risk factors, such as abnormalities of inflammation, coagulation, oxidative stress, arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction, has recently been reported in PCOS. Collectively, these studies have demonstrated biochemical, functional and structural abnormalities of the cardiovascular system. It seems that many of these cardiovascular abnormalities are related to the presence of insulin resistance and obesity rather than PCOS itself. Cohort studies of long‐term cardiovascular outcome in PCOS and clinical trials of risk factor modification in women with this condition are required. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vision in diabetes
Authors: Taylor R 
Published: November 2005

AbstractArnold Bloom was Consultant Physician at the Whittington Hospital, London. His sound clinical common sense was combined with a scintillating wit. In this lecture I shall describe a series of studies which have been conducted in Newcastle over the last 20 years. Retinal screening has now come of age, and the results in terms of decrease in diabetes blindness are clear. Today's digital retinal images allow trained retinal screeners to explain the result of screening to the patient immediately, and help to set appropriate individual targets for the rest of diabetes care. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of the NCO/OH ratio on the properties of Mesua Ferrea L. seed oil‐modified polyurethane resins
Authors: Dutta Suvangshu , Karak Niranjan 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA series of polyurethane resins with varying NCO/OH ratios (0.8–2.0) has been synthesized from the monoglyceride of Mesua Ferrea L. seed oil, poly(ethylene glycol) (Mn, 200 g mol−1) and 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate in the presence of dibutyl tin dilaurate as the catalyst. The effects of the NCO/OH ratios of the synthesized resins on the physical properties, such as hydroxy values, acid values, saponification values, iodine values, specific gravities and isocyanate values have been studied. The formation of the polyurethane resins was confirmed by viscosity measurements, and FTIR, UV and 1H NMR spectroscopic studies. Performance characteristics, such as impact resistance, flexibility, gloss, hardness, adhesive strength and chemical resistance, of the cured resins were investigated as a function of the varying NCO/OH ratios, with an influence of these ratios being observed for most of the above properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the thermal stabilities of the cured resins increased with an increase in the NCO/OH ratios. The amounts of char residues at 550 °C were also found to be greater for higher NCO/OH ratios of the oil‐modified polyurethane resins. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Structural characteristics of chemical vapor polymerized polypyrrole/polycaprolactam fiber composites
Authors: Xiao CF , Tao XM , Leung Sarah MY , Kwok Keith WY 
Published: November 2005

AbstractStructural characteristics of polypyrrole (PPy)‐coated polycaprolactam (PA6) fiber composites prepared by chemical vapor deposition, in the presence of ferric chloride as the oxidizing agent, were investigated. A multi‐layered coating structure was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), where a compact and denser layer existed between the PPy and PA6 fibers with two diffused layers on each side of the denser layer. The compact layer had a thickness of 200–300 nm. The experimental results show that there was no chemical interaction between PPy and PA6 in the PPy‐coated PA6 fibers. However, there was a stronger interaction between PPy and PA6 molecules in the interphase of PPy‐coated PA6 fiber after heat treatment at elevated temperature. The surface morphology of PPy‐coated PA6 fibers changed with the application of different processing treatments, e.g. swelling and heat treatment. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of block copolymers with thermodynamically compatible chain segments: di‐ and triblock copolymers of polystyrene and poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide)
Authors: Nagelsdiek René , Keul Helmut , Höcker Hartwig 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMono‐ and bifunctional poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) macroinitiators for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) were prepared by esterification of mono‐ and bishydroxy telechelic PPO with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide. The macroinitiators were used for ATRP of styrene to give block copolymers with PPO and polystyrene (PS) segments, namely PPO‐block‐PS and PS‐block‐PPO‐block‐PS. Various ligands were studied in combination with CuBr as ATRP catalysts. Kinetic investigations revealed controlled polymerization processes for certain ligands and temperature ranges. Thermal analysis of the block copolymers by means of DSC revealed only one glass transition temperature as a result of the compatibility of the PS and PPO chain segments and the formation of a single phase; this glass transition temperature can be adjusted over a wide temperature range (ca 100–199 °C), depending on the composition of the block copolymer. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomics‐based analysis of a counter‐oxidative stress system in Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Okano Soichiro , Shibata Yasuko , Shiroza Teruaki , Abiko Yoshimitsu 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPorphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram‐negative anaerobic pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis. Although anaerobic, P. gingivalis exhibits a high degree of aerotolerance, which enables it to survive within periodontal pockets. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of oxidative stress on protein expression in P. gingivalis to obtain a better understanding of the mechanism underlying its aerotolerance. To accomplish this, P. gingivalis cells were grown under conditions of hemin limitation (0.01 μg/mL) to avoid the oxygen protective effect of hemin on oxidative stress. The proteins were then extracted from cultures either left untreated or subjected to oxidative stress and separated by 2‐DE. The resultant protein expression profiles were examined by image scanning, and those found to differ depending on the presence or absence of aeration were subjected to MALDI‐MS and then analyzed using the ORF database of P. gingivalis W83 from The Institute of Genomic Research. Oxidative stress was found to affect the expression of numerous proteins in P. gingivalis cells. In particular, the levels of HtpG, GroEL, DnaK, AhpC, TPR domain protein, and trigger factor were substantially increased.
A study of Streptococcus thermophilus proteome by integrated analytical procedures and differential expression investigations
Authors: Arena Simona , D'Ambrosio Chiara , Renzone Giovanni , Rullo Rosario , Ledda Luigi , Vitale Filomena , Maglione Giuseppe , Varcamonti Mario , Ferrara Lino , Scaloni Andrea 
Published: November 2005

AbstractStreptococcus thermophilus is a Gram‐positive bacterium belonging to the group of lactic acid bacteria, among which several genera play an essential role in manufacture of food products. Recently, a genomic consortium sequenced and annotated its entire genome, which has been demonstrated to contain 1900 coding sequences. In this study, we have revealed the expression products of almost 200 different genes using a proteomic strategy combining 2‐DE plus MALDI‐TOF PMF and differential 1‐DE plus μLC‐ESI‐IT‐MS/MS. Thus, a number of cellular pathways related to important physiological processes were described at the proteomic level. Almost 50 genes were related to multiple electrophoretic species, whose heterogeneity was mainly due to variability in pI values. A 2‐DE reference map obtained for lactose‐grown cells was compared with those obtained after heat, cold, acid, oxidative and starvation stresses. Protein up/down‐regulation measurements demonstrated that adaptation to different environmental challenges may involve the contribution of unique as well as combined physiological mechanisms. Common regulatory sites in the promoter region of genes whose expression was induced after stress were identified. These results provide a better comprehension of biochemical processes related to stress resistance in S. thermophilus, allowing defining the molecular bases of adaptative responses or markers for the identification of strains with potential industrial applications.
Synthesis of phosphonated copolymers with tailored architecture by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT)
Authors: Rixens Bérengère , Severac Romain , Boutevin Bernard , Lacroix‐Desmazes Patrick 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe synthesis by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of three phosphonated terpolymers with tailored architecture has been studied. A phosphonated methacrylate (MAUPHOS) was copolymerized with vinylidene chloride (VC2) and methyl acrylate (MA) to prepare a gradient terpolymer poly(VC2‐co‐MA‐co‐MAUPHOS). Besides, hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) was used as a functional monomer in RAFT polymerization to prepare a statistical poly(VC2‐co‐MA‐co‐HEA) terpolymer and a diblock poly(VC2‐co‐MA)‐b‐poly(HEA) terpolymer. The HEA‐containing polymers were then modified with a phosphonated epoxide to introduce the phosphonated group. The control of the polymerization was proven by kinetic studies (evolution of molecular weight vs. conversion) and by a successful block copolymerization. The architecture of the terpolymers was determined by the reactivity ratios of the monomers: terpolymerization of VC2, MA, and HEA leading to an ideal statistical terpolymer (no composition drift) whereas terpolymerization of VC2, MA, and the phosphonated methacrylate led to a gradient terpolymer. These terpolymers were characterized by size exclusion chromatography, 31P NMR and differential scanning calorimetry. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 13–24, 2006
Synthesis and characterization of poly(fluorene)‐based copolymer containing triphenylamine group
Authors: Kim Yun‐Hi , Zhao Qinghua , Kwon Soon‐Ki 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe copolymers that are composed of poly(fluorene) (PF), poly(p‐phenylene), and Poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) as backbone and a large 4′‐(N,N′‐diphenylamino)diphenyl or 4′‐(N,N′‐diphenylamino)phenyl as pendent group were synthesized by the nickel(0)‐mediated polycoupling. The composition of the obtained copolymers was confirmed by H NMR. All the copolymers possessed a high weight‐average molecular weight and good solubility in common organic solvents. As the content of triphenyl amine pendants increases, the copolymers showed increased thermal stability due to increased glass transition temperature and increased hole injection ability because of decreased onset of the oxidation potential. In the photoluminescence spectra of copolymers, poly (BDAV30‐co‐DHF70) and poly(BDAPV30‐co‐DHF70) showed efficient energy transfer. indium tin oxide/poly(styrene sulfonate)‐doped poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene)/poly (BDAV30‐co‐DHF70)/LiF/Al device showed maximum brightness of 2267 cd/m2 and efficiency of 0.80 cd/A, with turn‐on voltage at 9.1 V. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 172–182, 2006
Novel synthesis of N‐substituted polyacrylamides: Derivatization of poly(acrylic acid) with amines using a triazine‐based condensing reagent
Authors: Thompson Kimberlee , Michielsen Stephen 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPoly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was derivatized through the reaction of its pendant carboxylic acid (CO2H) groups with a wide range of amine‐terminated molecules. These molecules contained alkyl, hydroxyl, sulfonic acid, or perfluoroalkyl groups. N‐substitution of PAA was carried out by the simple addition of 4‐(4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐4‐methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM), a triazine‐based condensing reagent, to a mixture of PAA and amine‐terminated molecules. From proton nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, it was confirmed that these functional molecules were introduced into the PAA side chain via amide bonds. By the alteration of the synthetic conditions, functional side‐chain contents of greater than 95% were achieved for aqueous reactions with taurine, ethanol amine, and butyl amine. Side‐chain conversion was limited to ≤80% for reactions with perfluoroalkyl amines in methanol. Thus, DMTMM is an attractive replacement for carbodiimide condensing reagents such as 1,3‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 126–136, 2006
Ethylene polymerization by novel Ziegler–Natta‐type catalysts obtained in situ by the oxidative addition of 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐based ligands to bis(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) and methylaluminoxane
Authors: Carlini Carlo , De Luise Valentina , Galletti Anna Maria Raspolli , Sbrana Glauco 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNovel catalytic systems, prepared in situ by the oxidative addition of 8‐hydroxyquinoline ligands to bis(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) and activated by methylaluminoxane, were studied in ethylene polymerization. When 8‐hydroxyquinoline was employed, only oligomeric products were obtained. On the contrary, 5,7‐dinitro‐8‐hydroxyquinoline gave linear polyethylene (PE), but with a modest activity. For the catalyst based on 5‐nitro‐8‐hydroxyquinoline, the productivity was largely dependent on the content of free trimethylaluminum (TMA) present in the commercial aluminoxane. The progressive optimization of the TMA/oligomeric methylaluminoxane ratio increased the productivity, which reached 700 kg of PE/(mol of Ni × h), by an order of magnitude. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 200–206, 2006