bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response to and efficacy of vaccination against eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in emus
Authors: Tengelsen Leslie A. , Bowen Richard A. , Royals Michael A. , Campbell Grant L. , Komar Nicholas , Craven Robert B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate humoral immune responses of emus vaccinated with commercially available equine polyvalent or experimental monovalent eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus and western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus vaccines and to determine whether vaccinated emus were protected against challenge with EEE virus.Design—Cohort study.Animals—25 emus.Procedure—Birds were randomly assigned to groups (n = 5/group) and vaccinated with 1 of 2 commercially available polyvalent equine vaccines, a monovalent EEE virus vaccine, or a monovalent WEE virus vaccine or were not vaccinated. Neutralizing antibody responses against EEE and WEE viruses were examined at regular intervals for up to 9 months. All emus vaccinated with the equine vaccines and 2 unvaccinated control birds were challenged with EEE virus. An additional unvaccinated bird was housed with the control birds to assess the possibility of contact transmission.Results—All 4 vaccines induced detectable neutralizing antibody titers, and all birds vaccinated with the equine vaccines were fully protected against an otherwise lethal dose of EEE virus. Unvaccinated challenged birds developed viremia (> 109plaque-forming units/ml of blood) and shed virus in feces, oral secretions, and regurgitated material. The unvaccinated pen-mate became infected in the absence of mosquito vectors, presumably as a result of direct virus transmission between birds.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that emus infected with EEE virus develop a hightiter viremia and suggest that they may serve as important virus reservoirs. Infected emus shed EEE virus in secretions and excretions, making them a direct hazard to pen-mates and attending humans. Commercially available polyvalent equine vaccines protect emus against EEE virus infection. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1469–1473)
Ventilatory failure, ventilator management, and outcome in dogs with cervical spinal disorders: 14 cases (1991–1999)
Authors: Beal Matthew W. , Paglia Danielle T. , Griffin Greg M. , Hughes Dez , King Lesley G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the incidence of and risk factors for ventilatory failure in dogs undergoing surgery for treatment of cervical spinal disorders and to document ventilator management, clinical course, and long-term outcome of dogs that experienced ventilatory failure in association with cervical spinal disorders or their management.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—14 dogs.Procedure—Dogs with cervical spinal disorders that required positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) were identified, and signalment, concurrent diseases, neurologic status at initial examination, clinical course, pulmonary function before, during, and after PPV, management techniques, complications, and outcome were recorded. Dogs that underwent surgery and required PPV were compared with dogs that underwent cervical spinal surgery during the same period that did not require PPV.Results—14 dogs with cervical spinal disorders required PPV to treat hypoventilation, including 13 of 263 (4.9%) dogs that underwent surgery for cervical spinal disorders. Lesions between the second and fourth cervical vertebrae and treatment by means of a dorsal decompressive laminectomy were associated with a significantly increased risk of perioperative hypoventilation. Pulmonary gas exchange function was normal or nearly normal throughout the course of PPV in dogs that survived. Ten dogs survived, and 9 of the 10 regained neurologic function. All 9 dogs that regained neurologic function had deep pain perception on initial examination at the veterinary teaching hospital.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that a small percentage of dogs with cervical spinal disorders may require perioperative ventilatory support. With prolonged PPV and aggressive management, a good outcome may be achieved in dogs similar to those described in the present study. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1598–1602).
Survival rates for horses undergoing stapled small intestinal anastomosis: 84 cases (1988–1997)
Authors: Fugaro Michael N. , Coté Nathalie M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether location and type of small intestinal anastomosis and other variables were associated with short- and long-term survival rates in horses undergoing stapled small intestinal anastomosis.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—84 horses that underwent small intestinal anastomosis.Procedure—Medical records from 1988 to 1997 were examined for horses that underwent stapled small intestinal anastomosis. Horses were allotted into 4 groups: jejunojejunostomy (n = 27), jejunoileostomy (11), jejunoileocecostomy with small intestinal resection (20), and jejunoileocecostomy without small intestinal resection (26). Survival rates and other variables were determined.Results—Horses that underwent jejunoileocecostomy without resection had a significantly higher survival rate at all intervals than did horses in the other 3 groups. At 180 and 365 days after surgery, horses that underwent jejunojejunostomy had a significantly lower survival rate than those that underwent jejunoileocecostomy with intestinal resection. Horses that underwent jejunoileocecostomy with intestinal resection had a significantly higher survival rate at 1 year, compared with the combined jejunojejunostomy and jejunoileostomy groups. Preoperative heart rate was inversely associated with survival rate. Overall survival rates at discharge and 1 year were 81 and 56%, respectively. For horses that underwent small intestinal resection, survival rates at discharge and 1 year were 65 and 47%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Horses that underwent anastomosis of the small intestine to the cecum without resection had the highest survival rate, compared with horses that required intestinal resection. In some instances, resection and anastomosis involving the cecum had better prognosis than resections involving 2 segments of the small intestine. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1603–1607)
Effect of lameness on the calving-to-conception interval in dairy cows
Authors: Hernandez Jorge , Shearer Jan K. , Webb Daniel W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To examine the relationship between lameness and the duration of the interval from calving to subsequent conception in lactating dairy cows.Design—Cohort study.Animals—837 dairy cows.Procedure—Cows affected with lameness were classified into 1 of 4 groups on the basis of types of disease or lesions observed, including foot rot, papillomatous digital dermatitis, claw lesions, or multiple lesions. Cows not affected with lameness were classified as healthy. Time from calving to conception was compared between lame cows and healthy cows.Results—254 (30%) cows were affected with lameness during lactation. Most lame cows (59%) had claw lesions. Lame cows with claw lesions were 0.52 times as likely to conceive as healthy cows. Median time to conception was 40 days longer in lame cows with claw lesions, compared with healthy cows. Number of breedings per conception for lame cows with claw lesions was significantly higher than that for healthy cows.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Claw lesions were the most important cause of lameness, impairing reproductive performance in dairy cows, as indicated by a higher incidence of affected cows and a greater time from calving to conception and a higher number of breedings required per conception, comp ared with healthy cows. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001; 218:1611–1614)
Evaluation of piroxicam for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma in dogs
Authors: Schmidt Bradley R. , Glickman Nita W. , DeNicola Dennis B. , Gortari Amalia E. de , Knapp Deborah W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of piroxicam for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma in dogs.Design—Prospective case series.Animals—17 dogs with measurable oral squamous cell carcinoma.Procedure—Dogs were treated with piroxicam at a dosage of 0.3 mg/kg (0.14 mg/lb) of body weight, PO, every 24 hours until progressive disease or unacceptable signs of toxicosis developed or the dog died.Results—One dog had a complete remission (maxillary tumor), and 2 dogs had partial remissions (lingual tumor and tonsillar tumor). An additional 5 dogs had stable disease, including 1 with a maxillary tumor, 2 with mandibular tumors, and 2 with tonsillar tumors. Variables associated with tumor response were not identified. Median and mean times to failure for the 3 dogs that had a remission were 180 and 223 days, respectively. Median and mean times to failure for the 5 dogs with stable disease were 102 and 223 days, respectively. Time to failure was positively associated with tumor response and negatively associated with tumor size. One dog had mild adverse gastrointestinal tract effects that resolved with the addition of misoprostol to the treatment regimen.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that piroxicam may be useful in the treatment of dogs with oral squamous cell carcinoma; response rate was similar to that reported for other cytotoxic treatments. Larger-scale studies are warranted to determine what role piroxicam may have, alone or in combination with other treatments, for the treatment of dogs with oral squamous cell carcinoma. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1783–1786)
Risk factors for pet evacuation failure after a slow-onset disaster
Authors: Heath Sebastian E. , Beck Alan M. , Kass Philip H. , Glickman Larry T. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine risk factors for pet evacuation failure during a flood.Design—Cross-sectional survey.Sample Population—203 pet-owning households in a flooded region.Procedures—Persons under evacuation notice because of a flood were interviewed by use of a random telephone survey.Results—102 households evacuated with their pets, whereas 101 households evacuated without their pets. Low pet attachment and commitment scores were significantly associated with a greater chance of pet evacuation failure. Risk of pet evacuation failure and lower attachment and commitment scores were also associated with pet management practices prior to the disaster, such as dogs being kept outdoors most of the time or owners not having carriers for their cats. More than 90% of owners made housing arrangements for their pets without assistance.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Predictors of pet evacuation failure are usually present before a disaster strikes and are potentially modifiable. Mitigation of pet evacuation failure should focus on activities that reinforce responsible pet ownership and strengthen the human-animal bond, including socializing dogs, attending dog behavior training classes, transporting cats in nondisaster times, and seeking regular preventive veterinary care. Most pet owners are self-reliant in disasters, and this behavior should be encouraged. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1905–1910)
Efficacy of an inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in calves
Authors: Ellis John , West Keith , Konoby Carrie , Leard Tim , Gallo Guillermo , Conlon Jennifer , Fitzgerald Nancy 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether an inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) vaccine would protect calves from infection with virulent BRSV.Design—Randomized controlled trial.Animals—27 nine-week-old calves seronegative for BRSV exposure.Procedure—Group-1 calves (n = 9) were not vaccinated. Group-2 calves (n = 9) were vaccinated on days 0 and 21 with an inactivated BRSV vaccine containing a minimum immunizing dose of antigen. Group-3 calves (n = 9) were vaccinated on days 0 and 21 with an inactivated BRSV vaccine containing an amount of antigen similar to that in a commercial vaccine. All calves were challenged with virulent BRSV on day 42. Clinical signs and immune responses were monitored for 8 days after challenge. Calves were euthanatized on day 50, and lungs were examined for lesions.Results—Vaccination elicited increases in BRSV-specific IgG and virus neutralizing antibody titers and in production of interferon-γ. Virus neutralizing antibody titers were consistently less than IgG titers. Challenge with BRSV resulted in severe respiratory tract disease and extensive pulmonary lesions in control calves, whereas vaccinated calves had less severe signs of clinical disease and less extensive pulmonary lesions. The percentage of vaccinated calves that shed virus in nasal secretions was significantly lower than the percentage of control calves that did, and peak viral titer was lower for vaccinated than for control calves.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that the inactivated BRSV vaccine provided clinical protection from experimental infection with virulent virus and decreased the severity of pulmonary lesions. Efficacy was similar to that reported for modified-live BRSV vaccines. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1973–1980)
Long-term outcome of gonadectomy performed at an early age or traditional age in dogs
Authors: Howe Lisa M. , Slater Margaret R. , Boothe Harry W. , Hobson H. Phil , Holcom Jennifer L. , Spann Angela C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine long-term results and complications of gonadectomy performed at an early age (prepubertal) or at the traditional age in dogs.Design—Cohort study.Animals—269 dogs from animal shelters.Procedure—Dogs that underwent gonadectomy were allotted to 2 groups on the basis of estimated age at surgery (traditional age, ≥ 24 weeks old; prepubertal, < 24 weeks old). Adoptive owner information was obtained from shelter records, and telephone interviews were conducted with owners to determine physical or behavioral problems observed in the dogs since adoption. Follow-up information was obtained from attending veterinarians for dogs with complex problems or when owners were uncertain regarding the exact nature of their dog's problem.Results—Prepubertal gonadectomy did not result in an increased incidence of behavioral problems or problems associated with any body system, compared with traditional-age gonadectomy, during a median follow-up period of 48 months after gonadectomy. Rate of retention in the original adoptive household was the same for dogs that underwent prepubertal gonadectomy as those that underwent traditional- age gonadectomy. Infectious diseases, however, were more common in dogs that underwent prepubertal gonadectomy.Conclusions and Clinical Implications—With the exception of infectious diseases, prepubertal gonadectomy may be safely performed in dogs without concern for increased incidence of physical or behavioral problems during at least a 4-year period after gonadectomy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218: 217–221)
Postexposure rabies prophylaxis protocol for domestic animals and epidemiologic characteristics of rabies vaccination failures in Texas: 1995–1999
Authors: Wilson Pamela J. , Clark Keith A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether postexposure rabies prophylaxis (PEP) in domestic animals, as mandated by the state of Texas, has continued to be effective and to evaluate PEP and preexposure rabies vaccination failures from 1995 through 1999.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—830 unvaccinated domestic animals (621 dogs, 78 horses, 71 cats, and 60 cattle) that received PEP and 4 animals (3 dogs and 1 horse) that had preexposure rabies vaccination failure.Procedure—Zoonotic incident case reports from 1995 through 1999 were reviewed for information regarding unvaccinated domestic animals that received PEP according to state protocol after exposure to a rabid animal; reports were also reviewed for information regarding preexposure rabies vaccination failures. The PEP recommendations were to immediately vaccinate the animal against rabies, isolate the animal for 90 days, and administer booster vaccinations during the third and eighth weeks of the isolation period. Rabies vaccines used in the PEP protocol were administered via the route prescribed by the USDA.Results—From 1995 through 1999, 830 animals received PEP; 4 failures were recorded. Additionally, 4 preexposure rabies vaccination failures were recorded.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study indicate that an effective PEP protocol for unvaccinated domestic animals exposed to rabies includes immediate vaccination against rabies, a strict isolation period of 90 days, and administration of booster vaccinations during the third and eighth weeks of the isolation period. This PEP schedule has proven to be effective for control of rabies in domestic animals. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218: 522–525)
Putative uremic encephalopathy in horses: five cases (1978–1998)
Authors: Frye Melinda A. , Johnson Jeremy S. , Traub-Dargatz Josie L. , Savage Catherine J. , Fettman Martin J. , Gould Daniel H. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine historical, physical examination,
clinicopathologic, and postmortem findings in
horses with putative uremic encephalopathy.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—5 horses with renal failure and neurologic
disease not attributable to abnormalities in any other
organ system.

Procedure—Medical records from 1978 to 1998 were
examined for horses with renal disease and neurologic
signs not attributable to primary neurologic, hepatic,
or other diseases. Signalment, history, physical
examination findings, clinicopathologic data, renal
ultrasonographic findings, and postmortem data were
reviewed.

Results—Of 332 horses with renal disease, 5 met
selection criteria. Historical findings, physical examination
findings, clinicopathologic data, ultrasonographic
data, and postmortem findings were consistent
with chronic renal failure. Swollen astrocytes
were detected in all 4 horses examined at necropsy.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A single criterion
was not determined to be pathognomonic for
uremic encephalopathy in horses. Uremic encephalopathy
should be considered as a differential diagnosis
in horses with evidence of chronic renal failure
and encephalopathic neurologic sign not attributable
to other causes. Astrocyte swelling, which was common
to all 4 horses examined at necropsy, may
serve as a microscopic indicator of uremic
encephalopathy in horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2001;218:560–566)
Use of systemic disease signs to assess disease severity in dairy cows with acute coliform mastitis
Authors: Wenz John R. , Barrington George M. , Garry Franklyn B. , Dinsmore R. Page , Callan Robert J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of systemic disease signs for classifying severity of acute coliform mastitis in dairy cows.Design—Prospective cohort study.Animals—144 dairy cows.Procedure—Cows were examined at the time of initial identification of disease (time 0) and classified as having mild, moderate, or severe disease on the basis of rectal temperature, hydration status, rumen contraction rate, and attitude. A CBC and serum biochemical analyses were performed, and milk samples were submitted for bacterial culture at time 0 and 48 hours later.Results—69 cows were classified as having mild disease, 44 as having moderate disease, and 31 as having severe disease. Median WBC and neutrophil counts were significantly lower in cows with moderate or severe disease at time 0 than in cows with mild disease. Band neutrophil count was significantly higher at 48 hours and serum calcium concentration was significantly lower at time 0 and at 48 hours in cows with severe or moderate disease, compared with cows with mild disease. Twenty-eight, 51, and 77% of cows with mild, moderate, and severe disease, respectively, had > 100,000 colony-forming units/ml of milk at time 0. The odds that a cow with severe disease would die or be culled were 3.6 times the odds for a cow with moderate disease and 11.2 times the odds for a cow with mild disease.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that a classification scheme based on readily observable systemic disease signs can be used to classify disease severity in cows with acute coliform mastitis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:567–572)
Nonhealing corneal ulcers in cats: 29 cases (1991–1999)
Authors: Croix Noelle C. La , Woerdt Alexandra van der , Olivero Dennis K. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To compare mean healing times after
debridement, debridement with grid keratotomy, and
superficial keratectomy in cats with nonhealing
corneal ulcers.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—29 cats with 36 nonhealing corneal ulcers.

Procedure—Medical records of cats with nonhealing
corneal ulcers were reviewed. Signalment, duration
of clinical signs, ophthalmic abnormalities, and
response to various treatment protocols were
recorded.

Results—Mean age of affected cats was 7 years, 8
months. Affected breeds included domestic shorthair
(17 cats), Persian (9), Himalayan (2), and Siamese (1).
Clinical signs were evident for approximately 2 weeks
prior to referral. Both eyes were affected in 4 cats.
Mean healing time of ulcers treated with superficial
debridement was 30 days. Mean healing time of
ulcers treated with superficial debridement and grid
keratotomy was 42 days. Superficial keratectomy was
performed on 2 eyes and resulted in a healing time of
2 weeks. Formation of a corneal sequestrum was evident
in 2 of 21 eyes treated with superficial debridement.
Formation of a corneal sequestrum was evident
in 4 of 13 eyes treated with superficial debridement
and grid keratotomy.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Brachycephalic
cats appear to be predisposed to developing
nonhealing corneal ulcers. The combination of superficial
debridement and grid keratotomy did not
decrease mean healing time of nonhealing ulcers,
compared with superficial debridement alone. Grid
keratotomy may predispose cats with corneal ulcers
to develop a corneal sequestrum. (J Am Vet Med
Assoc 2001;218:733–735)
Comparison of the effects of morphine administered by constant-rate intravenous infusion or intermittent intramuscular injection in dogs
Authors: Lucas Anthony N. , Firth Ava M. , Anderson Garry A. , Vine John H. , Edwards Glenn A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare physiologic and analgesic effects of morphine when given by IV constant-rate infusion or by IM injection to dogs undergoing laparotomy and to determine pharmacokinetics of morphine in dogs following IV constant-rate infusion.Design—Prospective randomized controlled trial.Animals—20 dogs.Procedure—Dogs undergoing laparotomy were treated with morphine beginning at the time of anesthetic induction. Morphine was administered by IV infusion (0.12 mg/kg/h [0.05 mg/lb/h] of body weight) or by IM injection (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb]) at induction and extubation and every 4 hours thereafter. Treatments continued for 24 hours after extubation.Results—Blood gas values did not indicate clinically significant respiratory depression in either group, and degree of analgesia (determined as the University of Melbourne Pain Scale score) and incidence of adverse effects (panting, vomiting, defecation, and dysphoria) were not significantly different between groups. Dogs in both groups had significant decreases in mean heart rate, rectal temperature, and serum sodium and potassium concentrations, compared with preoperative values. Mean ± SEM total body clearance of morphine was 68 ± 6 ml/min/kg (31 ± 3 ml/min/lb). Mean steady-state serum morphine concentration in dogs receiving morphine by constant-rate infusion was 30 ± 2 ng/ml.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that administration of morphine as a constantrate IV infusion at a dose of 0.12 mg/kg/h induced effects similar to those obtained with administration at a dose of 1 mg/kg, IM, every 4 hours in dogs undergoing laparotomy. Panting was attributed to an opioidinduced resetting of the hypothalamic temperature set point, rather than respiratory depression. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:884–891)