bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Polymerase Chain Reaction Screening of Helicobacter pylori Chromosomal Point Mutations
Authors: Ge Zhongming , Taylor Diane E. 
Published: February 2007

Background.Microdiversity (within individual genes) in the genomes of different Helicobacter pylori strains has been demonstrated to be more frequent than that seen in other prokaryotes. Point mutations in some genes, such as the vacA and 23S ribosomal RNA genes could result in the alteration of pathogenicity or antibiotic susceptibility of individual H. pylori strains. Development of a simple, rapid, and reliable screening method would be useful in the molecular characterization of genetic variation among different H. pylori strains.Materials and Methods.The copP gene from H. pylori UA802 was used as a model for developing a mutation screening method. Four point mutations were introduced into the copP gene by in vitro site‐directed mutagenesis and were verified by DNA sequencing. The mutated copP gene replaced the wild‐type locus by natural transformation and homologous recombination. The site‐specific mutants were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 3′‐end mismatched primers. The origins of the PCR fragments were demonstrated by Southern hybridization with the copP‐derived DNA probe.Results.Three of these four mutations were characterized by PCR with the specific primers that contained the 3′‐terminal nucleotide complementary only to the mutated nucleotide on both plasmid and chromosomal DNA templates. One mutation was able to be identified with the foregoing primer containing an additional wild‐type nucleotide at its 3′‐end. Point mutant screening with these specific primers offers 100% sensitivity in the aforementioned conditions. To achieve optimal screening, the concentration of magnesium and the annealing temperature have to be adjusted.Conclusion.The procedure reported in this study is a simple, economical, rapid, and efficient approach in the identification of site‐specific mutations on both plasmids and chromosomal DNA. Although the method was developed by using a specified H. pylori gene, it can be extended easily to other genes of interest in H. pylori or other organisms.
Sucralfate as an Alternative to Bismuth in Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication
Authors: Korman Melvyn G. , Bolin Terry D. , Engelman Jeffrey L. , Pianko Stephen 
Published: February 2007

Background.There are persuasive arguments for treating all patients with Helicobacter pylori– associated peptic ulcer disease. However, the choice of therapeutic regimen remains problematical. Bismuth triple therapy produces greater than 80% cure of H. pylori infection, whereas omeprazole and bismuth quadruple therapy has produced cure rates in excess of 90%. Colloidal bismuth is not available in many countries, hence limiting the use of bismuth‐based therapeutic regimens. We substituted widely available sucralfate for bismuth in a quadruple‐therapy regimen.Method.We studied 223 consecutive patients with gastritis or peptic ulcer disease in whom H. pyori infection was confirmed by CLOtest (Delta West Ltd., Bentley, WA, Australia) or histological assessment. Successful therapy was validated by the 14C urea breath test 4 to 6 weeks after therapy. Omeprazole, 20 mg was given twice daily for 10 days. After 3 days of omeprazole sucralfate (1 gm qid), tetracycline (500 mg qid) and metronidazole (400 mg tid) were added for 7 days.Results.Therapy was successful in 194 of 223 patients(87%). Compliance was excellent, with only two patients being unable to tolerate therapy. Side effects were minimal and included nausea, vomiting, headache, and vaginal moniliasis. At 6 months’ follow‐up, 10 of 210 patients (5%) who were previously documented as “cured” had a positive breath test.Conclusions.The wide availability of sucralfate in many countries makes it a possible alternative to bismuth for use in proton pump quadruple‐therapy regimens, achieving a reasonable cure rate for H. pylori infection.
Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in German Infants and Children
Authors: Hornemann Frauke , Nilius Manfred , Malfertheiner Peter , Bartmann Peter 
Published: February 2007

Background.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the serological prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection during infancy and childhood in Germany.Patients and Methods.We quantified specific IgG antibody titers against H. pylori by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique (BIO‐RAD G.A.P. IgG‐test) from healthy children under 18 years (n = 216) admitted to hospital for minor surgical procedures. All patients were age 0–18 years and lived in the southern part of Germany (Bavaria and Baden‐Wuerttemberg). For each age group, 12 different sera were obtained and were determined in duplicate. We analyzed the 216 sera within 6 age groups of equal size. Mean titers> 19 U/ml were considered positive for H. pylori infection.Results.None of the sera of 48 children less than 4 years old were positive for anti‐H. pylori specific IgG antibodies. Titers above 19 U/ml were found in 8.3% (3/36 sera each, CI 95% 1–21.7%) in the children age three to five and nine to 11 years. Six‐ to eight‐year‐old children showed a 19.4% seroprevalence (7/36 sera, CI 95% 8.2‐48%) and children 12–14 years old showed a seropositivity of 16.7% (6/36 sera, CI 95% 6.6–  46.1%). In contrast, 47.2% (17/36 sera, CI 26.5–70.3%) of the adolescents older than 14 years had positive H. pylori antibody titers (p < .01, compared to the age‐group 12–14 years). The test for linear trend (seropositivity and age) was significant with p < .001. The overall incidence increase with age in prevalence of H. pylori infection was found to be 0.9% per year within this population.Conclusions.In contrast to published data from other European and non‐European countries, we could not detect H. pylori infection in German infants less than four years old by measurement of IgG antibodies. In the older subjects, seropositivity increased significantly and linearly with age.
Periodic Lateralized Frontal Epileptiform Discharges with Ipsilateral Epilepsia Partialis Continua
Authors: Young G. Bryan , Blume Warren T. 
Published: February 2007

Summary:  Purpose: Lateralized clonic jerks of the extremities during epileptic seizures usually arise from the contralateral rolandic cortex. In our exceptional case one‐sided extremity twitches related to epileptiform activity in the ipsilateral frontal lobe. Methods: Case study with clinical‐electroencephalographic correlation. Results: A 47‐year‐old man suffered destruction of most of his right cerebral hemisphere, including the perirolandic region. Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) ensued, with clonic jerks of the proximal right upper and lower limbs temporally related to periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) from the parasagittal region of the right frontal lobe with a variable time interval over 100 ms. Sectioning of the subcortical callosal and projection connections of the frontal lobe abolished the clonic jerks. Conclusions: We propose the ipsilateral EPC arose from projections from the supplementary motor region to the medullary reticular formation to account for the long and variable latency between PLEDs and jerks.
Age‐dependent Effects of Topiramate on the Acquisition and the Retention of Rapid Kindling
Authors: Mazarati Andréy , Shin Don , Auvin Stéphane , Sankar Raman 
Published: February 2007

Summary:  Purpose: To examine antiepileptogenic, disease modifying, and anticonvulsant effects of topiramate under conditions of rapid kindling at different stages of development. Methods: Afterdischarge threshold (ADT) and duration (ADD) were examined in 2‐, 3‐, and 5‐week‐old Wistar rats before and after administration of topiramate (200 mg/kg). Animals underwent a rapid kindling protocol (sixty 10‐s trains, bipolar 20 Hz square wave pulses delivered every 5 min). The progression of behavioral and electrographic seizures, and responses to test stimulations 24 h after the protocol were compared between topiramate and vehicle‐treated control rats. In addition, rats that were previously given vehicle only prior to kindling, were then given topiramate to examine the effect on established kindled seizures. Results: In 2‐week‐old animals, topiramate affected neither the baseline afterdischarge, nor the progression of kindled seizures. In 3‐week‐old rats, topiramate did not modify the baseline afterdischarge, but significantly delayed the occurrence of full motor seizures in response to repeated stimulations. Topiramate treatment of 5‐week‐old rats increased baseline ADT, shortened ADD, and delayed the progression of kindled seizures. Twenty‐four h after the last kindling stimulation, animals of all ages exhibited a decreased ADT, an increase ADD, and developed behavioral seizures in response to threshold stimulation. Vehicle‐treated kindled rats that were then given topiramate displayed significantly attenuated behavioral seizures induced by the threshold stimulation. Conclusions: Topiramate exhibited age‐dependent disease‐modifying effects under conditions of rapid kindling, but failed to block epileptogenesis. Topiramate also inhibited kindled seizures with equal efficacy across the three ages.
Prenatal Assessment for Childhood Discipline Experiences
Authors: Gaffney Kathleen Flynn , Holley‐Wilcox Pamela , Jones Graciella 
Published: February 2007

purpose.:
To explore relationships between pregnant womens' childhood experiences with discipline and 1) prenatal plans for disciplining own child and 2) later maternal‐infant interactions design. Prospective correlational study setting. Prenatal clinics and home visits participants. Low‐income pregnant women (N = 205) with a mean educational level of 12 years main outcome measures. Adapted Ways of Handling Irritating Behaviors (Mother and you) Scales, NCAST Teaching Scale, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Scale results. Correlations between childhood experiences with discipline and 1) plans for later discipline strategies with own child and 2) infant components of maternal‐infant interactions, including clarity of cues and responsiveness to the mother conclusions. Prenatal assessment for childhood experiences with discipline may uncover factors associated with a break in the trajectory for optimal maternal‐child interactions described by Barnard's theoretical framework.
School‐Based Care: Clinical Challenges and Research Opportunities
Authors: Walker Patricia Hinton , Bowllan Nancy , Chevalier Nancy , Gullo Sharon , Lawrence Lorraine 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To explore clinical challenges and research opportunities in one school‐based clinic in a faculty practice model of health care delivery client population. Ninth‐through twelfth‐graders at an Eastern urban high school, 80% of the students are from ethnic minorities conclusions. Clinical, administrative, and research challenges need to be addressed on a larger scale through practice‐based research networks across the country in order to have an impact on policy practice implications. School‐based care required integration of primary care and management of psychosocial and developmental needs. Practice in this setting includes primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention as intervention.
Relationships Among Prenatal Maternal Attachment, Presence of Postnatal Depressive Symptoms, and Maternal Role Attainment
Authors: Fowles Eileen R. 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To examine the relationships among a woman's attachment to her fetus, the presence of postpartum depressive symptoms, and subsequent perceptions of maternal role attainment three months after birth design. A longitudinal, panel design setting. Hospital‐sponsored childbirth education classes participants. Primiparous women (N = 136) at 24–40 weeks of pregnancy and 9–14 weeks after the birth main outcome measures. Perceived Competence Scale, Myself as Mother Scale, and My Baby Scale results. Prenatal maternal attachment was positively related to maternal role attainment but not to postpartum depressive symptoms. Postpartum depression was negatively related to maternal role attainment. conclusions. These findings enhance maternal identity theory and provide a means to evaluate the transition to motherhood.
The Father‐Infant Relationship: Becoming Connected
Authors: Anderson Arnette Marie 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To explore fathers' experiences of developing a relationship with their infants during the infant's first 2 months of life design. Grounded theory approach setting. Fathers' homes or other mutually agreed‐upon site participants. First‐time fathers (N = 14), ages 28–44, Caucasian, middle class main outcome measures. Tape‐recorded semistructured interviews to elicit fathers' perceptions of their fathering selves, their infants, and the father‐infant relationship. results. Using constant comparative method for analysis, three major categories were identified as operative in the initial development of the father‐infant relationship: (a) making a commitment, (b) becoming connected, and (c) making room for the baby. conclusions. With an increased understanding of the father‐infant relationship, nurses can provide humanistic, thoughtful care to assist fathers in developing this significant relationship.
Parents' Resources and Home Management of the Care of Chronically Ill Infants
Authors: Sterling Yvonne M. , Jones Linda Corson , Johnson Deborah H. , Bowen Melissa R. 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To identify resources of parents or primary caretakers who managed chronically ill infants at home and to determine psychometric properties of Home Care Resources Inventory (HCRI) design. Cross‐sectional, descriptive setting. Outpatient clinics participants. Parents or primary caretakers (N = 100) of chronically ill infants who were discharged from hospital at least one week; 93% of sample were mothers; infants' ages ranged from 1–22 months main outcome measures. HCRI, the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, and a demographic questionnaire results. Parents reported strong resources in the area of support and inconsistent resources in areas of coping, time, and respite. The HCRI has acceptable psychometric properties. conclusions. Identifying resources, especially personal time and respite, is essential for successful home management of chronically ill infants. The HCRI can be used to pinpoint areas that are strong or weak in the two resource areas measured.
Smoking Status Among Women in Households With Young Children
Authors: Sarna Linda , Brecht Mary Lynn 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To identify sociodemographic and health‐related correlates of smoking status among women in households with young children. design. A secondary analysis of the 1992 California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System public‐use data tape participants. Women (N = 520) in households with very young children (≤ 5 years of age) main outcome measures. Current smoking status results. Approximately 18% were current smokers; more than 40% smoked more than 10 cigarettes each day. A majority of smokers indicated a high level of nicotine addiction, but had plans to quit. Smoking prevalence varied by sociodemographic variables with higher rates for unmarried, less than college educated, and unemployed participants. Health status also was related to smoking, with higher rates among those with poor health and those limited in activities. conclusions. Smoking is one way of coping with the stressors of daily life, including those associated with caring for young children. Special cessation efforts may be needed for the unemployed, the unmarried woman, and for those in poor health.
Parent Line: Nurse Telephone Intervention for Parents and Caregivers of Children from Birth Through Age 5
Authors: Moore Mary Lou , Krowchuk Heidi 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To describe the development and implementation of Parent Line, a program to improve the health and development status of children through periodic telephone contact by nurses. population. Low‐income parents of children from birth through age 5. conclusion. Telephone contact with a nurse, combined with peer counselor contact when no telephone is available, is welcomed by parents and can address needs in a timely way that might be unmet otherwise. Telephone intervention can provide social and emotional support, education, and advocacy for families. practice implications. The telephone can be of value to pediatric nurses in providing anticipatory guidance and health teaching, and be a support to parents throughout the preschool years.
Teaching Teens to Cope: Coping Skills Training for Adolescents With Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Davidson Maryanne , Boland Elizabeth A. , Grey Margaret 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To review the potential use and application of coping‐skills training in teaching adolescents effective ways of managing the stressors related to living with diabetes mellitus. population. Adolescents ages 13 to 20 with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus who are participating in the research project, “Nursing Intervention to Implement DCCT Therapy in Youth” at Yale University School of Nursing. conclusions. Teaching adolescents with diabetes mellitus to use appropriate coping skills may help them cope with the day‐to‐day management of the illness and aid in long‐term adaptation. practice implications. Research has suggested that the use of effective coping skills may aid in healthy long‐term adaptation to diabetes mellitus. Thus, nurses caring for adolescents with this illness should teach and be role models for these effective coping strategies.
Mothering Children Who Survive Brain Injuries: Playing the Hand You're Dealt
Authors: Guerriere Denise , McKeever Patricia 
Published: February 2007

Purpose. To explore how mothers come to terms with the multiple changes that occur in children who sustain sudden brain injuries design. A descriptive study based on symbolic interactionist principles setting. Mothers' homes or a private interview room in a hospital participants. Seven mothers recruited through a pediatric rehabilitation center main outcome measures. Each mother described her experiences with her child in one open‐ended interview. results. Mothers' lives changed abruptly and profoundly when a previously healthy child suffered a catastrophic brain injury. Their accounts revealed how they had come to regard themselves and the children as “different people” after the injury. Their reconstructions were the result of continuous self‐reflection and interactions with others. Mothers had recast life in general from being predictable and controllable to being precarious and dominated by fate. Believing they had no other choice, they played the hand they had been dealt. conclusions. Nurses can play an important role in helping mothers of children who have brain injuries by reassuring them that feelings of guilt and helplessness are not uncommon, praising them for learning new caregiving skills, and treating children with brain injuries with respect and dignity.
Health Professionals Caring for Chronically Ill Adolescents: Adolescents' Perspectives
Authors: Woodgate Roberta L. 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To describe chronically ill adolescents' perceptions of how health professionals can best care for chronically ill adolescents. design. A qualitative study with tenets from grounded theory, including theoretical sampling and the constant comparison of data. setting. Participants' homes or private hospital offices. participants. Twenty‐three adolescents, 13 to 16 years of age, who were diagnosed with either diabetes, asthma, arthritis, Crohn's disease, or ulcerative colitis. main outcome measures. Open‐ended, in‐depth interview method. results. Eight themes emerged: (1) treat me like a person; (2) try to understand; (3) don't treat me differently; (4) give me some encouragement; (5) don't force me; (6) give me options; (7) have a sense of humor; and (8) know what you are doing. conclusions. Health professionals need to adopt an overall approach described as careful maneuvering when caring for adolescents with chronic illness. This approach involves the health professional having sound knowledge and the ability to guide adolescents confidently and sensitively in the management of their illness.
Varicella Zoster Infection in the Immunocompromised Child
Authors: Pawlik Kathleen M. 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To describe varicella zoster virus infection in the immunocompromised child and provide guidelines to decrease the risk of infection and complications for these children.population. Children infected with varicella zoster virus, particularly those with a compromised immune system.conclusions. Varicella zoster virus infection can have serious consequences for children with malignancies and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, as well as children on chronic steroid therapy.practice implications. The advanced practice nurse often is responsible for identifying those children at increased risk for VZV infection and its complications and for planning and implementing interventions to decrease the risks to the immunocompromised child.
Welfare Reform: Loss of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) for Children With Disabilities
Authors: Doolittle Dorothy K. 
Published: February 2007

Purpose.To describe the changes the new welfare reform legislation, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, makes in children's eligibility for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and the implications of the changes for low‐income children with disabilities and their families.POPULATION.Low‐income children and youth, 18 years of age and younger, who have one or more limitations in physical or mental function in performing age‐appropriate skills.CONCLUSIONS.The tightened federal standards for determining whether children are disabled place thousands of children at risk for losing SSI cash benefits. This loss of necessary financial support has the potential to adversely affect the physical and psychological health of low‐income children with disabilities and their families. The new law represents a step backward from the long awaited gains the 1990 Zebley v. Sullivan U.S. Supreme Court decision legislated for children with disabilities.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.Knowledge of the legal changes in children's SSI enables nurses to implement interventions that help low‐income families maintain SSI eligibility for their children with disabilities and to advocate with the public and policymakers on behalf of this vulnerable population.
Stress and Coping Behaviors of Substance‐Abusing Mothers
Authors: Kelley Susan J. 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To examine parenting stress and coping behaviors in substance‐abusing and non‐substance‐abusing mothers.design. A comparative descriptive design.setting. Pediatric primary care clinic.participants. Low‐income, predominantly African‐American mothers (N = 60) of young children recruited from a pediatric primary care clinic. Thirty mothers were known substance abusers and 30 had no known history of substance abuse.main outcome measures. Parenting Stress Index/Short Form (PSI/SF) and Child Protective Service (CPS) validation of abuse or neglect.results. Substance‐abusing mothers scored significantly higher than comparison mothers on total stress and the three subscales of the PSI/SF: parent‐child dysfunctional interaction, difficult child, and parental distress. Forty‐seven percent of substance‐abusing mothers scored in the clinical range on total stress compared with only 3.3% of non‐substance‐abusing mothers. Proportionately more substance‐abusing mothers than comparisons demonstrated maladaptive parenting behaviors as evidenced by CPS‐confirmed abuse or neglect of their youngest child.conclusions. Substance‐abusing mothers of young children are at increased risk for increased levels of stress and maladaptive coping behaviors. Substance‐abusing mothers need support and monitoring in the parenting role and referrals to substance‐abuse and parenting programs.