bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implant Treatment in an Urban General Dentistry Residency Program: A 4-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Maksoud Mohamed A. , Starr Clifford B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractLittle data have been published on the survival rates of implants placed in dental residency programs. This study reports on the outcome of dental implants placed by first-year general dentistry residents in the University of Florida College of Dentistry–Jacksonville Clinic. The patients for this study received both surgical and restorative implant therapy from 1998 to 2002. A total of 108 patients (62 women, 46 men) were treated with dental implants. On average, a patient was 52.9 years old and received 2.6 implants. A variety of simple and complex restorative procedures were performed. Advanced general dentistry residents in conjunction with supervisory faculty treated all cases. The cumulative implant survival was 98.2%. Follow-up varied from 6 months to 4 years after placement. Cases included implants not yet loaded as well as implants loaded for 3 years or more. The findings of this study compare favorably with published studies and were unexpected in light of the residents' limited clinical experience.
FIR modelling for errors‐in‐variables/closed‐loop systems by exploiting cyclo‐stationarity
Authors: Wang Jiandong , Chen Tongwen , Huang Biao 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFinite impulse response (FIR) modelling of errors‐in‐variables/closed‐loop systems by correlation analysis usually yields biased estimates due to the additive noises on inputs and outputs. A non‐parametric approach, the cyclic correlation analysis (CCRA), provides asymptotically unbiased and consistent estimates. The main feature of the CCRA is to eliminate the adverse effects of stationary noises by exploiting cyclo‐stationarity that may exist naturally or be induced artificially. A complete study of the CCRA is developed, including the statistical performance of the estimated FIR model. Frequency‐domain expressions of the statistical performance provide guidelines in designing a class of cyclo‐stationary signals for modelling. Effectiveness and properties of the CCRA are validated and illustrated by numerical examples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early predictors of self‐biting in socially‐housed rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Lutz Corrine K. , Davis Ernie B. , Ruggiero Angela M. , Suomi Stephen J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe development of self‐biting behavior in captive monkeys is little understood and poses a serious risk to their well‐being. Although early rearing conditions may influence the expression of this behavior, not all animals reared under similar conditions self‐bite. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of three rearing conditions on biting behavior and to determine whether early infant behavior can predict later self‐biting. The subjects were 370 rhesus macaques born at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Animal Center between 1994 and 2004. They were reared under three conditions: mother‐reared in social groups (n=183), peer‐reared in groups of four (n=84), and surrogate‐peer‐reared (n=103). Significantly more surrogate‐peer‐reared animals self‐bit compared to peer‐only or mother‐reared animals. There was no sex difference in self‐biting, but this result may have been affected by a sex bias in the number of observations. The durations of behaviors exhibited by the surrogate‐peer‐reared subjects were recorded in 5‐min sessions twice a week from 2 to 6 months of age while the animals were in their home cages and play groups. In the play‐group situation, surrogate‐peer‐reared subjects who later self‐bit were found to be less social and exhibited less social clinging than those that did not self‐bite. Home‐cage behavior did not predict later self‐biting, but it did change with increasing age: surrogate clinging and self‐mouthing decreased, while environmental exploration increased. Our findings suggest that surrogate rearing in combination with lower levels of social contact during play may be risk factors for the later development of self‐biting behavior. Am. J. Primatol. 69:584–590, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plant DNA sequences from feces: potential means for assessing diets of wild primates
Authors: Bradley Brenda J. , Stiller Mathias , Doran‐Sheehy Diane M. , Harris Tara , Chapman Colin A. , Vigilant Linda , Poinar Hendrik 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAnalyses of plant DNA in feces provides a promising, yet largely unexplored, means of documenting the diets of elusive primates. Here we demonstrate the promise and pitfalls of this approach using DNA extracted from fecal samples of wild western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza). From these DNA extracts we amplified, cloned, and sequenced small segments of chloroplast DNA (part of the rbcL gene) and plant nuclear DNA (ITS‐2). The obtained sequences were compared to sequences generated from known plant samples and to those in GenBank to identify plant taxa in the feces. With further optimization, this method could provide a basic evaluation of minimum primate dietary diversity even when knowledge of local flora is limited. This approach may find application in studies characterizing the diets of poorly‐known, unhabituated primate species or assaying consumer–resource relationships in an ecosystem. Am. J. Primatol. 69:699–705, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photomechanics of Liquid‐Crystalline Elastomers and Other Polymers
Authors: Ikeda Tomiki , Mamiya Jun‐ichi , Yu Yanlei 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMuscle is a transducer that can convert chemical energy into mechanical motion. To construct artificial muscles, it is desirable to use soft materials with high mechanical flexibility and durability rather than hard materials such as metals. For effective muscle‐like actuation, materials with stratified structures and high molecular orders are necessary. Liquid‐crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are superior soft materials that possess both the order of liquid crystals and the elasticity of elastomers (as they contain polymer networks). With the aid of LCEs, it is possible to convert small amounts of external energy into macroscopic amounts of mechanical energy. In this Review, we focus on light as an energy source and describe the recent progress in the area of soft materials that can convert light energy into mechanical energy directly (photomechanical effect), especially the photomechanical effects of LCEs with a view to applications for light‐driven LCE actuators.
Kolmogorov–Smirnov‐type testing for the partial homogeneity of Markov processes—with application to credit risk
Authors: Weißbach Rafael , Dette Holger 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn banking, the default behaviour of the counterpart is not only of interest for the pricing of transactions under credit risk but also for the assessment of a portfolio credit risk. We develop a test against the hypothesis that default intensities are chronologically constant within a group of similar counterparts, e.g. a rating class. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov‐type test builds up on the asymptotic normality of counting processes in event history analysis. The right censoring accommodates for Markov processes with more than one no‐absorbing state. A simulation study and two examples of rating systems demonstrate that partial homogeneity can be assumed, however occasionally, certain migrations must be modelled and estimated inhomogeneously. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of short‐ and long‐term pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on night sleep and cognitive functions in healthy subjects
Authors: Fritzer Gunther , Göder Robert , Friege Lars , Wachter Jessica , Hansen Volkert , Hinze‐Selch Dunja , Aldenhoff Josef B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThere has been wide public discussion on whether the electromagnetic fields of mobile telephones and their base stations affect human sleep or cognitive functioning. As there is evidence for learning and memory‐consolidating effects of sleep and particularly of REM sleep, disturbance of sleep by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields might also impair cognitive functions. Previously realized sleep studies yielded inconsistent results regarding short‐term exposure. Moreover, data are lacking on the effect that short‐ and long‐term exposure might have on sleep as well as on cognitive functions. Therefore, 10 healthy young male subjects were included and nocturnal sleep was recorded during eight consecutive nights. In the second, third, and last night, we investigated polysomnographic night sleep and cognitive functions. After the adaptation and baseline nights, the participants were exposed to a defined radiofrequency electromagnetic field during the following six nights. We analyzed polysomnographic night sleep according to Rechtschaffen and Kales [1968, Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep of Human Subjects] as well as by power spectra and correlation dimension. Cognitive functions were investigated by an array of neuropsychological tests. Data analysis was done by comparing the baseline night with the first and last exposure night and the first two sleep cycles of the respective nights. We did not find significant effects, either on conventional sleep parameters or on power spectra and correlation dimension, nor were there any significant effects on cognitive functions. With our results, we are unable to reveal either short‐term or cumulative long‐term effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on night sleep and cognitive functions in healthy young male subjects. Bioelectromagnetics 28:316–325, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure‐activity relationship of HP (2–20) analog peptide: Enhanced antimicrobial activity by N‐terminal random coil region deletion
Authors: Park Yoonkyung , Park Seong‐Cheol , Park Hae‐Kyun , Shin Song Yub , Kim Yangmee , Hahm Kyung‐Soo 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHP (2–20) (AKKVFKRLEKLFSKIQNDK) is a 19‐aa antimicrobial peptide derived from N‐terminus ofHelicobacter pyloriRibosomal protein L1 (RpL1). In the previous study, several analogs with amino acid substitutions were designed to increase or decrease only the net hydrophobicity. In particular, substitutions of Gln16and Asp18with Trp (Anal 3) for hydrophobic amino acid caused a dramatic increase in antibiotic activity without a hemolytic effect. HP‐A3 is a potent antimicrobial peptide that forms, in a hydrophobic medium, an amphipathic structure consisting of an N‐terminal random coil region (residues 2–5) and extended C‐terminal regular α‐helical region (residues 6–20). To obtain the short and potent α‐helical antimicrobial peptide, we synthesized a N‐terminal random coil deleted HP‐A3 (A3‐NT) and examined their antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action. The resulting 15mer peptide showed increased antibacterial and antifungal activity to 2‐ and 4‐fold, respectively, without hemolysis. Confocal fluorescence microscopy studies showed that A3‐NT was accumulated in the plasma membrane. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that A3‐NT acted in salt‐ and energy‐independent manner. Furthermore, A3‐NT causes significant morphological alterations of the bacterial surfaces as shown by scanning electron microscopy. Circular dichroism (CD) analysis revealed that A3‐NT showed higher α‐helical contents than the HP‐A3 peptide in 50% TFE solution. Therefore, the cell‐lytic efficiency of HP‐A3, which depended on the α‐helical content of peptide, correlated linearly with their antimicrobial potency. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 88: 199–207, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The ‘Published Online’ date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
One‐dimensional self‐assembly of a rational designed β‐structure peptide
Authors: Wang Chong , Huang Lixin , Wang Lijun , Hong Yuankai , Sha Yinlin 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFabricating various nanostructures based on the self‐assembly of diverse biological molecules is now of great interest to the field of bionanotechnology. In this study, we report a de novo designed peptide (T1) with a preferential β‐hairpin forming property that can spontaneously assemble into nanofibrils in ultrapure water. The nanofibrils assembled by T1 could grow up to tens of microns in length with a left‐handed helical twist and an average height of 4.9 ± 0.9 nm. Moreover, protofilaments and nucleus structures both with a similar height of 1.4 ± 0.2 nm were observed during fibrilization as well as via sonication of the mature nanofibrils. A typical conformational transition from random coil to β‐structure was observed in association with the fibrilization. Molecular modeling of T1 assemblies displayed that the β‐hairpin molecules organize in a parallel fashion in which the β‐strands align in an antiparallel fashion and each adjoining β‐strand runs left‐handed twist at about 2.9° with respect to the one located before it along the fibrillar axis. It also revealed that the maximum thickness of the assembly intermediate, the helical tape structure, is about 1.4 nm and four tapes can further assemble into a fibril with a diameter of about 4.1 nm. Taken together the results obtained by AFM, CD, and molecular modeling, T1 fibrilization probably undergoes a hierarchy approach, in which the aromatic stacking and the electrostatic interactions between the assembled structures are most likely the two major factors directing the one‐dimensional self‐assembly. Based on these studies, we propose T1 can be used as a model peptide to investigate the β‐sheet based self‐assembly process and could be a potential bioorganic template to develop functional materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 86: 23–31, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of 3D and 1D Structures of CdS in a Binary Solution with L‐Cysteine's Assistance
Authors: Xiong Shenglin , Xi Baojuan , Wang Chengming , Zou Guifu , Fei Lifeng , Wang Weizhi , Qian Yitai 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA facile L‐cysteine‐assisted route was designed for the selectively controlled synthesis of 1D and novel, interesting 3D CdS spherical nanostructures constructed from CdS nanorods (or nanopolypods) in a binary solution. By controlling reaction conditions such as the molar ratio between Cd(OAc)2 and L‐cysteine and the volume ratio of the mixed solvents, the synthesis of various 3D architectural structures and 1D wirelike structures in large quantities can be controlled. This is the first reported case of the direct growth of novel 3D self‐assemblies of CdS nanorods (or nanopolypods). The morphology, structure, and phase composition of the as‐prepared CdS products were examined by using various techniques (X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected‐area electron diffraction (SAED), high‐resolution TEM, and Raman spectroscopy). On the basis of the results from TEM studies and our analysis, we speculate that in the present synthesis the L‐cysteine dominates nucleation growth and the ethylenediamine (en)‐dominated, oriented‐assembly process. Interestingly, the products obtained show a gradient evolution in color from light‐yellow to dark‐yellow, which implies that their intrinsic optical properties change, possibly due to variations in their special morphologies and structures. This facile solution‐phase L‐cysteine‐assisted method could be extended for the controlled preparation of other metal chalcogenides nanostructures with complex morphologies.
Synthesis and Properties of Trigeminal Tricationic Ionic Liquids
Authors: Pernak Juliusz , Skrzypczak Andrzej , Lota Grzegorz , Frackowiak Elzbieta 
Published: January 2007

AbstractNovel trigeminal tricationic ionic liquids (TTILs) have been successfully synthesized in high yields by means of Menschutkin quaternization via an SN1 mechanism. This reaction presents a new convenient method for transforming glycerol into multifunctional compounds. The physical properties of a series of TTILs were characterized by using a variety of techniques. The prepared salts were tested for antimicrobial activity. Electrochemical characterization of TTILs was also performed, which allowed the estimation of the conductivity of these new compounds, to establish their electrochemical stability window and capacitance properties over a wide range of temperatures. A good correlation of the physical properties of TTILs with capacitance values was observed.
Unusual Kinematics‐Driven Chemistry: Cleaving CH but Not COOH Bonds with Hyperthermal Protons To Synthesize Tailor‐Made Molecular Films
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Wong Ka Wai , Lau Wai Cheung , Kwok Raymund Wai Man , Lau Woon Ming 
Published: January 2007

AbstractUnconventional reaction‐design strategies have been developed to exploit the intriguing kinematics that occur when adsorbed organic molecules are bombarded by a beam of hyperthermal protons: kinematic energy transfer is only effective in H→H collisions and thus only CH bonds are cleaved. This process yields a cross‐linked molecular film with its chemistry governed by the selection of appropriate precursor molecules. Unlike the conventional wet‐chemistry synthesis of cross‐linked polymeric films, this new route uses no chemical initiators, additives, nor catalysts, and only requires a proton beam with a kinetic energy of a few electron volts in a dry‐process mode compatible with molecular‐device fabrication. The reaction designs are expressed unconventionally: reaction energy is tuned by the kinetic energy of the proton beam and reactant supply is controlled precisely by the proton fluence. However, conventional considerations such as bond‐strength effects on kinematic outcomes and branching‐ratio statistics are also important and they can extend the reaction applicability of the kinematics concept. For example, taking advantage of the fact that COOH bonds are stronger than CH bonds, we show, with practical reaction conditions, synthesis results, and surface analysis using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, that we can break CH bonds without breaking COOH and other bonds, in the production of cross‐linked molecular layers with any desirable COOH concentration and with no ester nor other chemical contaminations. The new reaction‐design strategies are also applicable to the synthesis of molecular layers with other functionalities such as OH, and to the synthesis of a mixture of functionalities, such as OH/COOH, with a controllable concentration ratio.
Enhancement of Lithium Amide to Lithium Imide Transition via Mechanical Activation.
Authors: Markmaitree Tippawan , Ren Ruiming , Shaw Leon L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanism of Cycloisomerization of 1,6‐Heptadienes Catalyzed by [(tBuCN)2PdCl2]: Remarkable Influence of Exogenous and Endogenous 1,6‐ and 1,5‐Diene Ligands
Authors: Bray Katharine L. , Lloyd‐Jones Guy C. , Munoz M. Paz , Slatford Paul A. , Tan Emily H. P. , Tyler‐Mahon Amanda R. , Worthington Paul A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Silane/Siloxane Reductions in the One‐Pot Conversion of Nitro Compounds into Their Amines, Hydroxylamines, Amides, Sulfonamides, and Carbamates.
Authors: Rahaim Ronald J. Jr , Maleczka Robert E. Jr. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple and Efficient Method for Regioselective and Stereoselective Synthesis of Vicinal Bromohydrins and Alkoxybromides from an Olefin.
Authors: Phukan Prodeep , Chakraborty Pranita , Kataki Dolly 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Allylboration of Ketones Catalyzed by Chiral Diols.
Authors: Lou Sha , Moquist Philip N. , Schaus Scott E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of [2]Rotaxanes by the Catalytic Reactions of a Macrocyclic Copper Complex.
Authors: Saito Shinichi , Takahashi Eiko , Nakazono Kazuko 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
De Novo Synthesis of 2‐Substituted syn‐1,3‐Diols via an Iterative Asymmetric Hydration Strategy.
Authors: Ahmed Md. Moinuddin , Mortensen Matthew S. , O'Doherty George A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of Nitroorganic Compounds Using Thiourea Catalysts Anchored to Polymer Support.
Authors: Miyabe Hideto , Tuchida Sayo , Yamauchi Masashige , Takemoto Yoshiji 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of β‐Amino Carbonyl Compounds via a Zn(OTf)2‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of Anilines with Aromatic Aldehydes and Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Yang Yun‐Yun , Shou Wang‐Ge , Wang Yan‐Guang 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Alcohols with a Novel Tetrafluorosuccinato Ruthenium Complex.
Authors: van Nispen Sjoerd F. G. M. , van Buijtenen Jeroen , Vekemans Jef A. J. M. , Meuldijk Jan , Hulshof Lumbertus A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Vinylphosphonium Salt Mediated Reaction Between Alkyl Propiolates and Aminophenols or Hydroxyphenols.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Souri Sanaz , Sirouspour Mehdi , Djahaniani Hoorieh 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Generation of Carbamoyl‐ and Thiocarbamoyllithium Synthons Having a Hydrogen(s) or an Aryl Group on the Nitrogen and Their Trapping with Carbonyl Electrophiles.
Authors: Kambe Nobuaki , Inoue Toru , Takeda Takanobu , Fujiwara Shin‐ichi , Sonoda Noboru 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.