bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of oral microbiota diversity in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws based on 16S rDNA sequencing: A preliminary research
Authors: Cao Ruirui , Zhang Jian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the diversity of oral flora in MRONJ patients and assess the differences between MRONJ patients and individuals with common oral infections.
Methods: We investigated the oral microbial species and diversity of 33 subjects (10 in group R1, MRONJ patients; 6 in group R2, patients who have used antiresorptive drugs but without MRONJ; 9 in group R3, patients without history of antiresorptive drugs but have oral infection; 8 in group C, healthy controls without oral disease) , through the utilization of 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing technology.
Results: MRONJ patients (group R1) exhibited a higher species diversity of oral flora. The oral microbiota composition of patients in the group R1 was significantly different from that of the group C. Dominant microbes in the R1 group included Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Campylobacter showae, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Dialister pneumosintes, which are closely associated with the pathogens of dental infections. There was a significant difference in the oral microbiota between group R1 and group R3, with some microbial communities having a significantly higher relative abundance in the R1 group. These differential communities at the genus level included Prevotella and Ligilactobacillus, and at the species level, Prevotella intermedia was notable. In this study, the oral microbiota composition of patients in the group R2 showed no significant differences compared to the group C.
Conclusion: Although the sample size is small, the results of this study preliminarily demonstrate the oral microbial diversity in patients with MRONJ. The dominant oral microbiota in MRONJ patients, closely related to periodontitis and root canal infections, suggests that infections associated with dental tissue could be potential factors leading to the onset or exacerbation of MRONJ.
Knowledge level of Neonatal Resuscitation and Its Associated factors among Healthcare Professionals at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, in Southeast Ethiopia.
Authors: Wubishet Mesfin , Assefa Tadesse , G/Meskel Tesfa , Zelalem Hiwot , Shimelis Betre 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Neonatal resuscitation is a critical intervention to save newborns’ life from the state of asphyxia. When performed Effectively by knowledgeable healthcare providers, it can significantly reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity associated with birth asphyxia. However, studies have shown that many health professionals, particularly in low-resource settings like Ethiopia, lack adequate knowledge and skills in neonatal resuscitation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge level of health professionals towards neonatal resuscitation and its associated factors.
Method: An institutional-based cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire. The survey targeted all health professionals working in the Delivery and Neonatal Intensive Care Units of the hospital. Data were entered and verified using Epi-data version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. A binary logistic regression model was used and, a P-value < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was used to declare a statistically significant association.
Results: The study showed that the majority, 83.2% of health professionals had poor knowledge regarding neonatal resuscitation. Factors significantly associated with a knowledge level of neonatal resuscitation were, being trained in neonatal resuscitation (AOR = 5.39, 95% CI [1.44-20.20]), being male (AOR = 5.80, 95% CI [1.16–29.09]), belonging to a specific profession (AOR = 8.94, 95% CI [1.36-58.68]), receiving supportive supervision (AOR = 3.39, 95% CI [1.01, 11.43]), and achieving a good attitude score (AOR = 5.36, 95% CI [1.52, 18.87]).
Conclusion: The overall knowledge level of health professionals regarding Neonatal Resuscitation was poor. Factors significantly associated with participants’ knowledge include receiving neonatal resuscitation training, having supportive supervision, belonging to a specific profession, being male, and achieving a good Attitude score. Therefore, to improve knowledge retention, it is recommended to organize regular and simulation-based neonatal resuscitation training. Furthermore, incorporating basic neonatal resuscitation procedures into undergraduate and postgraduate medical education can enhance students’ knowledge as they serve in the community.
Predictive validity and reliability of the Poisoning Severity Score in a pediatric poisoned population: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Canitrot Elisabeth , Moore Lynne , Turgeon Alexis F. , Charbonney Emmanuel , St-Onge Maude 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: The Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) aims to assess the severity of poisoned patients based on their clinical presentation. In the absence of a validated severity score for assessing pediatric intoxications in clinical toxicology, we aimed to evaluate the predictive validity and reliability of the PSS in measuring poisoning severity and toxicity progression in poisoned children.
Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study using health records data from children aged 0 to 17 years poisoned by a carbo-adsorbable substance and managed in the emergency department at three academic centers in Québec, Canada. Logistic regression was used to estimate the accuracy of the initial PSS and the 12-hour delta PSS to predict hospital admission, intensive care unit admission, a hospital stay ≥ 12 hours, and the need for follow-up after discharge. Its performances were compared to that of the Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score (PELODS) using the DeLong test for paired data. Inter-rater reliability of the PSS was measured using weighted Kappa coefficients.
Results: Of the 469 subjects included in the study, an initial PSS of 0 was observed for 97% of non-admitted subjects versus 58% of admitted subjects (p<0.05). The AUC-ROC of the PSS ranged from 0.626 (95% CI 0.581-0.670) to 0.690 (95% CI 0.649-0.506) for hospital admission. The AUC-ROC of the PSS were < 0.75 for all outcomes in the unadjusted models but significantly superior or equivalent to those of the PELODS (p≤0.05). Inter-rater reliability was good for the initial PSS (Kappa 82%) and moderate for the 12-hour delta PSS (Kappa 77%).
Conclusion: The Poisoning Severity Score appears to be a valid and reliable score to measure the severity of poisoning and the toxicity progression in poisoned children presenting to the Emergency Department within 12 hours of ingestion of a carbo-adsorbable substance, even if its discrimination remains poor.
Multimodal Query Enhancement for Image Retrieval using Transformer Networks - MQIRTN
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Bakhshandeh Soodeh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In today's world, with the dramatic increase of digital data and the variety of information, image recovery plays a very vital role in people's lives. For example, imagine a person in an online store looking for a dress similar to a friend's dress, but with distinct criteria such as blue flowers and red flags. The main challenge in this field is the existence of a semantic gap between the user's intention and the machine's understanding. The goal of image retrieval using multivariate (image-text) queries is to reduce this gap. An effective retrieval searches for images matching specific variations specified in a text expression related to the image. Existing methods use Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (LSTM) to extract image and text features that do not express the semantic relationships between the image and text well. In this regard, in order to improve these profiles, a transformer-based architecture is presented. In this research, Vision Transformer (ViT) is used to extract image features and Bidirectional Encoder (BERT) is used to extract text features. After combining the image and text features and applying the attention mechanism on images and text to enhance visual and text understanding. The proposed model of this research is inspired by deep metric learning and seeks to reduce the distance between the image and the input text with the searched images and the user's intent. In addition, a symmetric constraint has been used to improve the model indices. The evaluation results show that the proposed approach from the base model provides better performance in multimodal query-based image retrieval. To reproduce the results of this research, our source code is available at: https://github.com/smb-h/mqirtn
Genetic overlap between impaired lung function and cardiovascular diseases revealed by a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis
Authors: Wu Dongsheng , Zhou Jian , Lyu Mengyuan , Zheng Quan , Wang Tengyong , Huang Yuchen , Liu Lunxu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Increasing evidence have highlighted the phenotypic association between impaired lung function and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but underlying shared genetic basis contributing to this association remain largely unexplored.
Methods
Utilizing summary data from the large-scale genome-wide association studies, our investigation delved into several aspects: the global and local genetic correlations, pleiotropic loci, and causal association between lung function and three prevalent CVD, namely coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), and stroke.
Results
Our findings revealed significantly negative genetic correlations between lung function and CAD (rg = -0.20 to -0.17), HF (rg = -0.18 to -0.17), and stroke (rg = -0.17 to -0.16). After separating the whole genome into 2,353 independent regions, we determined 13, 4, and 3 significant regions for CAD, HF, and stroke with lung function, respectively. Furthermore, the global and local shared genetic basis were confirmed by the identification of multiple pleiotropic loci and multiple shared gene–tissue pairs. The pleiotropic loci were largely enriched in brain-related tissues, while shared gene-tissue pairs exhibited significant enrichment across nervous, cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine/exocrine, and respiratory systems. Mendelian randomization analysis demonstrated a significant causal association of genetically predicted lung function with CAD [OR (odds ratio) = 0.69 to 0.72] and stroke (OR = 0.81 to 0.90) but not with HF. No evidence of reverse causality was found.
Conclusions
These findings comprehensively uncover a shared genetic architecture as well as a causal association between impaired lung function and CVD, emphasizing the opportunity to enhance the quality of existing intervention strategies.
Cancer mortality and sectors of employment: a cohort study in Italy, 2011-2019
Authors: Massari Stefania , Bauleo Lisa , Gariazzo Claudio , Michelozzi Paola , Bardi Luca Dei , Zengarini Nicolas , Maio Sara , Stafoggia Massimo , Davoli Marina , Viegi Giovanni , Cesaroni Giulia , Marinaccio Alessandro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Cancer is known to be a multifactorial disease, i.e. a combination of multiple factors, such as genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors influences its development (1, 2). The large impact of occupational exposures on the burden of cancer continues to be a paramount public health concern that deserves more attention.
Methods
The study aims at evaluating cancer-specific mortality risk in relation to sectors of employment by by using the cohort of Rome Longitudinal Study (ROLs) that has been linked with the National Social Insurance Agency (INPS) database to enrich it with information on working histories. A Cox regression models was used to examine the association between the cancer specific cause of death and the sector of employment in men and women. A similar analysis was performed considering the length of employment (£ 10 years versus ³ 10 years).
Results
The study population comprised 910,559 (52% of the total population of the cohort after linkage with INPS) 30+ yr employees (53% men and 47% women) followed for a mean period of about 7 million years. The outcomes confirmed some well-known associations (e.g. lung and pleura in construction, pleura in paper and printing, lung and prostate in wood and leather) and suggested possible high-risk sectors that have not been thoroughly investigated yet. In women, we found excess mortality risk in cleaning activities, chemical industry, transport, health services and agriculture.
Conclusions
The study concludes that occupational exposure in certain industrial sectors significantly influences cancer mortality rates among workers in Italy, in traditional sectors such as construction and wood and leather products and in unexpected sectors e.g. accommodation services and hairdressing. The adopted method proved to be effective in monitoring occupational risks and activating proper prevention initiatives.
Evaluation of empirical erosion and sedimentation models in the semi-humid and alpine regions: case of Mazdaran watershed, North of Iran
Authors: Alavinia Seyed Hassan , Motaghian Masoud 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Soil erosion is a global problem that increasingly contributes to soil degradation. Although erosion analysis requires the availability of erosion and sedimentation data, the lack of sediment monitoring stations and the resulting limitations in collecting sediment measurements have necessitated the use of experimental models in many areas. The aim of the present study was to compare FSM and MPSIAC models for estimating erosion in the Mazdaran Basin (Firoozkuh, Iran). For this purpose, the required maps were prepared for both models and the erosion rate was estimated using the two models to compare their efficiency using the corresponding relative error (RE), root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) values. The results showed that, considering erodibility based on the FSM model, the studied catchment consisted of regions with a high and very high erosion rate, while the MPSIAC model identified regions with low, medium and high erosion rates. With an R2 value of 0.73, an RE value of 0.88% and an RMSE value of 3.23, the MPSIAC model provided more accurate estimates of the erosion rate in the studied area. Using the MPSIAC model, soil erosion was estimated at 18142.45 tons per year (i.e. 6.22 tons/ha per year), which is three times higher than the naturally occurring soil erosion rate. The high erosion rate in this area underlines the importance of erosion control measures in the region.
Non-Inclusive Language in Human Subjects Questionnaires: Addressing Racial, Ethnic, Heteronormative, and Gender Bias
Authors: Hernandez Isabella , Nuñez Velia , Reynaga Lorena , Stewart Kennedy , Hernandez-Castro Ixel , Maldonado Luis E. , Corona Karina , Aung Max , Knapp Emily A. , Fuselier Garrett , Douglas Christian , Vega Carmen Velez , Faro Elissa , Frosch Rachel Morello , Lewis Johnnye , Croen Lisa A. , Dunlop Anne Lang , Ganiban Jody , Keenan Kate , Bastain Theresa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Questionnaires for research that involve diverse populations require inclusive language. There are few guidelines to assist researchers in minimizing social and cultural biases in data collection materials; such biases can result in harm and negatively impact data integrity.
Methods
We describe an approach to evaluating language in data collection forms reflecting racial, ethnic, heteronormative, and gender bias using the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes
(ECHO)-wide Cohort Study (EWC) as a case study. The 245 data collection forms were used by 69 cohorts in the first seven years of the (ECHO)-wide Cohort Study (EWC). A diverse panel of reviewers (n=5) rated all forms; each form also was rated by a second student. Items identified as reflecting bias were coded as to the specificity of the bias using nine categories (e.g., racial bias, heteronormative assumptions) following whole panel discussion. We provide recommendations for conducting inclusive research to the scientific community.
Results
Thirty-six percent (n=88) of the data collection forms were identified as containing biased language. In total, 137 instances of bias were recorded, eight instances of racial or ethnic bias, 56 instances of bias related to sex, gender identity and sexual orientation and 73 instances of bias related to universal assumptions. Seventy-three percent (n=64) of forms with biased language are validated measures. The review culminated in recommended revisions to forms used by ECHO and the general scientific community.
Conclusion
Adverse health outcomes disproportionately affect marginalized populations. Utilizing culturally and socially conscious research materials that are inclusive of various identities and experiences is necessary to help remediate these disparities. Our review finds compelling evidence of bias in many widely used data collection instruments. Recommendations for conducting more inclusive science are discussed.
Age and ethnic-driven molecular and clinical disparity of East Asian breast cancers
Authors: Lee Ji Yoon , Chung Min Sung , Choi Jong Gwon , Sim Sung Hoon , Kim Hyo Jeong , Kim Jeong Eun , Lee Kyoung Eun , Park Yeon Hee , Kang Myoung Joo , Ahn Mi Sun , Chae Yee Soo , Park Ji Hyun , Kim Jee Hyun , Kim Gun Min , Byun Jae Ho , Park Keon Uk , Kim Ju Won , Jung Seung Pil , Lee Jung Hyun , An Jung Seok , Jang Byunghyun , Yoon Dayoung , Kim Jiwon , Hong Jisoo , Koo Harim , Cho Kyu Ran , Kim Cheol Yong , Sa Jason K. , Park Kyong Hwa , Lee Ji Won 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Breast Cancer (BC) is a complex disease with profound genomic aberrations. However, the underlying molecular disparity influenced by age and ethnicity remains elusive.
Methods
In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular properties of 843 primary and metastatic BC patients enrolled in the K-MASTER program. By categorizing patients into two distinct age subgroups, we explored their unique molecular properties. Additionally, we leveraged large-scale genomic data from the TCGA and MSK-IMPACT studies to examine the ethnic-driven molecular and clinical disparities.
Results
We observed a high prevalence of PI3KCA mutations in K-MASTER HER2+ tumors, particularly in older patients. Moreover, we identified increased mutation rates in DNA damage response molecules, including ARID1A, MSH6, and MLH1. The K-MASTER patients were mainly comprised of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and HER2-positive tumors, while the TCGA and MSK-IMPACT cohorts exhibited a predominance of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) subtype tumors. Importantly, GATA3 mutations were less frequently observed in East Asian patients, which correlated with poor clinical outcomes. In addition to characterizing the molecular disparities, we developed a gradient-boosting multivariable model to identify a new molecular signature that could predict the therapeutic response to platinum-based chemotherapy.
Conclusions
Our findings collectively provide unprecedented insights into the significance of age and ethnicity on the molecular and clinical characteristics of BC patients.
Pollen Morphology and Variability Among Indian Cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium and Comparative Analysis with Genera of the Asteraceae Family
Authors: SA Patil , MS Nimbalkar , MC Pagariya , AJ Kulkarni , PR Jadhav , MP Mane , AB Magdum , TN Saha , KV Shinde , KV Prasad , GB Dixit , PG Kawar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the pollen morphology of 134 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cultivars through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chrysanthemum, a globally significant cut-flower crop, is renowned for its ornamental and medicinal properties. Morphology of a pollen grain, a microscopic flower structure known for being reproductive unit of higher plants was put forth for Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis that revealed diverse Chrysanthemum pollen traits, including shape, size, spine length, spine rows between colpi, ornamentation, and aperture type. Comparative analysis with 14 genera from daisy family, the PalDat database further explains uniqueness of Chrysanthemum in Asteraceae. Statistical analyses, employing cluster and principal component analyses, classify Chrysanthemum cultivars based on their pollen morphological characters. Significant cultivars exhibit distinct outgroups, suggestive of geographic and environmental impacts on evolution. The study suggests the significance of pollen characters, such as length, form index, and equatorial diameter in taxonomy and classification. This study contributes considerations into Chrysanthemum pollen morphology, enhancing knowledge of intrageneric relationships. The conclusions feature the importance of SEM techniques in identifying species based on palynomorphological traits. Future research, encompassing morphological, karyological, and molecular aspects, is recommended for a complete taxonomy of the Chrysanthemum genus.
Safety and efficacy of intravenous tirofiban in progressive stroke patients out of thrombolytic window and without large arterial occlusion
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chang Pengfei , Zhao Xin , Wang Jinbao , Xie Jiangbo , Liu Tao , Li Yang , Zhou Ming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Progressive stroke is common in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients and is associated with the poor functional result; however, there is no effective treatment for progressive stroke patients out of the thrombolytic window and without substantial arterial occlusion. In our study, we aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of intravenous tirofiban in patients with progressive stroke who missed the thrombolytic window and had no significant arterial occlusion.
Method and Results: This is aprospective, open-label, cohort study that is based
on historical controls, 15 progressive stroke patients (with the NIHSS deterioration ≥ 2 points or ≥ 1 point for limb paresis within 24 h after admission) who missed the thrombolytic window and had no large arterial occlusion in tirofiban group (T-group) were treated by intravenous tirofiban at 0.4 µg/kg/min for 30 min followed by 0.1 µg/kg/min infusion for 48 h followed by regular treatment or to receive regular antiplatelet treatment (aspirin plus clopidogrel) . The historical control group treated with regular antiplatelet agents (aspirin plus clopidogrel) was selected from a local cohort. The safety outcomes were assessed by the incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), systematic bleeding, and thrombocytopenia. The primary outcome was the proportion of excellent outcomes at 90 days [defifined as the modifified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–1]. The secondary outcomes included the NIHSS score at 7 days.
Results: After 90 days, more patients reached a excellent outcome (mRS 0–1) compared with control group (80 vs. 33.3%; unadjusted odds ratio 8.0; 95% CI: 1.275–2.858; P < 0.01). At seven days, the NIHSS score in the tirofiban group was lower than in the control group (2.8 vs. 4.5, p = 0.02). In both patient groups, neither sICH nor systemic bleeding nor thrombocytopenia occurred.
Conclusions: In our study, intravenous tirofiban appears to be a potentially effective and safe therapy for progressive stroke patients who missed the thrombolytic window and had no large arterial occlusion. However, it is just a non-randomized study with a historical control group, so randomized studies are required to assess the tirofiban's safety and efficacy in this population of acute ischemic stroke patients.