bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic Structure and Monitoring of the Dominant Population of Lactic Acid Bacteria during Wheat Flour Sourdough Type I Propagation Using
Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis
Starters
Authors: Siragusa Sonya , Di Cagno Raffaella , Ercolini Danilo , Minervini Fabio , Gobbetti Marco , De Angelis Maria 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

The structure and stability of the dominant lactic acid bacterium population were assessed during wheat flour sourdough type I propagation by using singly nine strains of
Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis
. Under back-slopping propagation with wheat flour type 0 F114, cell numbers of presumptive lactic acid bacteria varied slightly between and within starters. As determined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR and restriction endonuclease analysis-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses, only three (LS8, LS14, and LS44) starters dominated throughout 10 days of propagation. The others progressively decreased to less than 3 log CFU g
−1
. Partial sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA and
recA
genes and PCR-denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis analysis using the
rpoB
gene allowed identification of
Weissella confusa
,
Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis
,
Lactobacillus plantarum
,
Lactobacillus rossiae
,
Lactobacillus brevis
,
Lactococcus lactis
subsp.
lactis
,
Pediococcus pentosaceus
, and
Lactobacillus
spp. as the dominant species of the raw wheat flour. At the end of propagation, one autochthonous strain of
L. sanfranciscensis
was found in all the sourdoughs. Except for
L. brevis
, strains of the above species were variously found in the mature sourdoughs. Persistent starters were found in association with other biotypes of
L. sanfranciscensis
and with
W. confusa
or
L. plantarum
. Sourdoughs were characterized for acidification, quotient of fermentation, free amino acids, and community-level catabolic profiles by USING Biolog 96-well Eco microplates. In particular, catabolic profiles of sourdoughs containing persistent starters behaved similarly and were clearly differentiated from the others. The three persistent starters were further used for the production of sourdoughs and propagated by using another wheat flour whose lactic acid bacterium population in part differed from the previous one. Also, in this case all three starter strains persisted during propagation.
An Orphan LuxR Homolog of
Sinorhizobium meliloti
Affects Stress Adaptation and Competition for Nodulation
Authors: Patankar Arati V. , González Juan E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

The Sin/ExpR quorum-sensing system of
Sinorhizobium meliloti
plays an important role in the symbiotic association with its host plant,
Medicago sativa
. The LuxR-type response regulators of the Sin system include the synthase (SinI)-associated SinR and the orphan regulator ExpR. Interestingly, the
S. meliloti
Rm1021 genome codes for four additional putative orphan LuxR homologs whose regulatory roles remain to be identified. These response regulators contain the characteristic domains of the LuxR family of proteins, which include an N-terminal autoinducer/response regulatory domain and a C-terminal helix-turn-helix domain. This study elucidates the regulatory role of one of the orphan LuxR-type response regulators, NesR. Through expression and phenotypic analyses,
nesR
was determined to affect the active methyl cycle of
S. meliloti
. Moreover,
nesR
was shown to influence nutritional and stress response activities in
S. meliloti
. Finally, the
nesR
mutant was deficient in competing with the wild-type strain for plant nodulation. Taken together, these results suggest that NesR potentially contributes to the adaptability of
S. meliloti
when it encounters challenges such as high osmolarity, nutrient starvation, and/or competition for nodulation, thus increasing its chances for survival in the stressful rhizosphere.
Identification of Freshwater
Phycodnaviridae
and Their Potential Phytoplankton Hosts, Using DNA
pol
Sequence Fragments and a Genetic-Distance Analysis
Authors: Clasen Jessica L. , Suttle Curtis A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

Viruses that infect phytoplankton are an important component of aquatic ecosystems, yet in lakes they remain largely unstudied. In order to investigate viruses (
Phycodnaviridae
) infecting eukaryotic phytoplankton in lakes and to estimate the number of potential host species, samples were collected from four lakes at the Experimental Lakes Area in Ontario, Canada, during the ice-free period (mid-May to mid-October) of 2004. From each lake,
Phycodnaviridae
DNA polymerase (
pol
) gene fragments were amplified using algal-virus-specific primers and separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; 20 bands were extracted from the gels and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that freshwater environmental phycodnavirus sequences belong to distinct phylogenetic groups. An analysis of the genetic distances “within” and “between” monophyletic groups of phycodnavirus isolates indicated that DNA
pol
sequences that differed by more than 7% at the inferred amino acid level were from viruses that infect different host species. Application of this threshold to phylogenies of environmental sequences indicated that the DNA
pol
sequences from these lakes came from viruses that infect at least nine different phytoplankton species. A multivariate statistical analysis suggested that potential freshwater hosts included
Mallomonas
sp.,
Monoraphidium
sp., and
Cyclotella
sp. This approach should help to unravel the relationships between viruses in the environment and the phytoplankton hosts they infect.
Role of Germinant Receptors in Caco-2 Cell-Initiated Germination of
Bacillus cereus
ATCC 14579 Endospores
Authors: Hornstra Luc M. , van der Voort Menno , Wijnands Lucas M. , Roubos-van den Hil Petra J. , Abee Tjakko 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

Spores obtained from
Bacillus cereus
ATCC 14579 and mutant strains lacking each of seven germinant receptor operons were exposed to differentiated Caco-2 cells and monitored for germination. Spores of the
gerI
and
gerL
mutants showed a reduced germination response, pointing to a role for these receptors in Caco-2-induced germination.
l
-Valine Production during Growth of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex- Deficient
Corynebacterium glutamicum
in the Presence of Ethanol or by Inactivation of the Transcriptional Regulator SugR
Authors: Blombach Bastian , Arndt Annette , Auchter Marc , Eikmanns Bernhard J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-deficient strains of
Corynebacterium glutamicum
produce
l
-valine from glucose only after depletion of the acetate required for growth. Here we show that inactivation of the DeoR-type transcriptional regulator SugR or replacement of acetate by ethanol already in course of the growth phase results in efficient
l
-valine production.
Molecular Ecological Analysis of Fecal Bacterial Populations from Term Infants Fed Formula Supplemented with Selected Blends of Prebiotics
Authors: Nakamura Noriko , Gaskins H. Rex , Collier Chad T. , Nava Gerardo M. , Rai Deshanie , Petschow Bryon , Russell W. Michael , Harris Cheryl , Mackie Roderick I. , Wampler Jennifer L. , Walker D. Carey 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

Supplementation of infant formulas with prebiotic ingredients continues the effort to mimic functional properties of human milk. In this double-blind, controlled, 28-day study, healthy term infants received control formula (control group;
n
= 25) or control formula supplemented with polydextrose (PDX) and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) (4 g/liter) (PG4 group;
n
= 27) or with PDX, GOS, and lactulose (LOS) (either 4 g/liter [PGL4 group;
n
= 27] or 8 g/liter [PGL8 group;
n
= 25]). A parallel breast-fed group (BF group) (
n
= 30) was included. Stool characteristics, formula tolerance, and adverse events were monitored. Fecal bacterial subpopulations were evaluated by culture-based selective enumeration (
Enterobacteriaceae
), quantitative real-time PCR (
Clostridium
clusters I, XI, and XIV,
Lactobacillus
, and
Bifidobacterium
), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (
Bifidobacterium
). Fecal bacterial community profiles were examined by using 16S rRNA gene PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The daily stool consistency was significantly softer or looser in the BF group than in all of the groups that received formula. The formulas were well tolerated, and the incidences of adverse events did not differ among feeding groups. Few significant changes in bacterial subpopulations were observed at any time point. The bacterial communities were stable; individual profiles tended to cluster by subject rather than by group. Post hoc analysis, however, demonstrated that the bacterial community profiles for subjects in the BF, PG4, PGL4, and PGL8 groups that first received formula at a younger age were less stable than the profiles for subjects in the same groups that received formula at an older age, but there was no difference for the control group. These data indicate that formulas containing PDX, GOS, and LOS blends are more likely to influence gut microbes when administration is begun in early infancy and justify further investigation of the age-related effects of these blends on fecal microbiota.
Data Collection with Self-Enforcing Privacy
Authors: Golle Philippe , McSherry Frank , Mironov Ilya 
Published: December 2008

Consider a pollster who wishes to collect private, sensitive data from a number of distrustful individuals. How might the pollster convince the respondents that it is trustworthy? Alternately, what mechanism could the respondents insist upon to ensure that mismanagement of their data is detectable and publicly demonstrable?
We detail this problem, and provide simple data submission protocols with the properties that a) leakage of private data by the pollster results in evidence of the transgression and b) the evidence cannot be fabricated without breaking cryptographic assumptions. With such guarantees, a responsible pollster could post a “privacy-bond,” forfeited to anyone who can provide evidence of leakage. The respondents are assured that appropriate penalties are applied to a leaky pollster, while the protection from spurious indictment ensures that any honest pollster has no disincentive to participate in such a scheme.
Triangular Relationships and Most Beautiful Bodies: On the Significance of απειρα at Timaeus 57d5, and on the Number of Plato's Elementary Triangles
Authors:   Lloyd
Published: December 2008

AbstractAccording to an interpretation first proposed by Cornford (1937), Plato intends that the many different triangles or squares required for the construction of 'elements' in the Timaeus are all built up using multiples of two elemental triangles, the στοιχεια. An alternative view, which also has wide acceptance, is that there are many elemental triangles, of different sizes; in an extreme form of this there is an unlimited or even infinite variety of the triangles. These views are analysed, and it is concluded that Cornford's interpretation, despite some problems, is still the best currently available.
Cognition in Aristotle's Poetics
Authors: Heath Malcolm 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper examines Aristotle's understanding of the contributions of perceptual and rational cognition to the composition and reception of poetry. An initial outline of Aristotle's cognitive psychology shows that Aristotelian perception is sufficiently powerful to sustain very rich, complex patterns of behaviour in human as well as non-human animals, and examines the interaction between perception (cognition of the particular and the 'that') and the distinctive capacity for reason (which makes possible cognition of the universal and the 'why') in human behaviour. The rest of the paper applies this framework to a number of problems in the Poetics: (i) If Aristotelian tekhnê is defined as a productive disposition involving reason, how can poetic tekhnê be manifested in the work of poets who work by non-rational habit or talent? (ii) Why does Aristotle believe that the pleasure taken in imitation qua imitation involves rational inference? (iii) What does Aristotle mean when he contrasts history (concerned with the particular) and poetry (concerned with the universal)? (iv) How is Aristotle's insistence on universality and rationality in the construction of poetic plots to be reconciled with his willingness to tolerate irrationalities and implausibilities?
Historio-Critical Hermeneutics in the Study of Women in Early Indian Buddhism
Authors: Collett Alice 
Published: December 2008

AbstractModern scholarly study of women in early Indian Buddhism began over a hundred years ago, towards the end of the nineteenth century. In this article, I assess strategies that have been prominent in scholarly engagement with the texts from the period that are pertinent to this debate. The article is focused around discussion of four historical-critical hermeneutic strategies which either have figured within the debate or, as is the case in the final section, are suggested as pertinent to the debate. The four strategies are: a hermeneutics of resonance; gender-construct hermeneutics; comparativist hermeneutics; and finally revisionist hermeneutics. The first three comprise strategies which have featured significantly in the debate, from its origins to changes that have arisen particularly during the last two decades. The final strategy is, essentially, my own assertion.
The Ahistorical Nature of 1 Enoch 56:5-8 and Its Ramifications upon the Opinio Communis on the Dating of the Similitudes of Enoch
Authors: Erho Ted 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOver the past several decades the hypothesis that 1 Enoch 56:5-8 alludes to the historical Parthian incursion into Palestine in 40 B.C.E. has garnered increasing support, and it is by this alleged allusion that the Similitudes of Enoch are often assigned a Herodian date. In contrast, this article argues that a more fruitful approach to the interpretation of 1 Enoch 56:5-8 would be to understand the text as drawing upon a (proto-)apocalyptic tradition that expects foreign invaders to attempt to wage war against Jerusalem in an eschatological battle. Since other passages containing this tradition (Ezek 38-39; Sib. Or. 3.657-732; Rev 20:7-10; 4 Ezra 13:5-11) are not considered to be rooted in vaticinium ex eventu, the validity of using this text within the historical-allusional method of dating is consequently called into question.
Precedents for Palamas' Essence-Energies Theology in the Cappadocian Fathers
Authors: Torrance Alexis 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFollowing a brief summary of the main tenets of Palamas' theology relating to the immanent divine ενεργειαι, this article will explore possible precedents for such a concept in the Cappadocian Fathers. The aim is twofold: first to argue against the exclusive use of ενεργεια language in attempting to outline precedents for Palamite thought in the Cappadocians, and second to propose a framework for discussing the topic in terms of sanctification and deification. Through such an approach, I contend, it is possible to remain true to the Cappadocians, whilst concurrently finding striking precedents to the theology of Palamas.
The Reception of Greek Science in Gregory of Nyssa's De hominis opificio
Authors: Wessel Susan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOne of the most significant philosophical questions that Gregory of Nyssa grappled with in his anthropological treatise, De hominis opificio, was how intelligible mind, the image of God that the human person contained, might possibly exist in the physically-circumscribed limits of the corporeal body. Gregory addressed this question by engaging in a medical controversy that was current in his day: where in the body was the reasoning faculty located? Against those who placed this faculty in the brain, Gregory argued that certain mental states and afflictions were due to physical conditions suffered by the body and, therefore, had nothing to do with the reasoning faculty being confined to the brain. I conclude that Gregory's selective use of the anatomical investigations of Galen and the Greek medical writers helped him construct a unified theory of the human person in which the intelligible activity of mind both interacted freely with the physical body and depended upon the body functioning naturally for the complete expression of its divine rationality.
Alleged Syriac Catchwords in the Gospel of Thomas
Authors:   Williams
Published: December 2008

AbstractNicholas Perrin in his 2002 monograph, Thomas and Tatian: The Relationship between the Gospel of Thomas and the Diatessaron, and in a series of subsequent publications has proposed that, if one translates it back into Syriac, a series of 502 catchwords can be found to run through the Gospel of Thomas. According to Perrin this number is greater than the number of catchwords in Coptic (269) or in Greek (263) and demonstrates that the Gospel of Thomas was originally composed in Syriac, which in turn makes it likely that the Gospel of Thomas was written with a knowledge of Tatian's Diatessaron. Here, a sample of Perrin's alleged catchwords is investigated and is found implausible. Consequently his late dating of the Gospel of Thomas cannot be established.
Differences in Ankle Range of Motion before and after Exercise in 2 Tape Conditions
Authors: Purcell Steven B. , Schuckman Brynn E. , Docherty Carrie L. , Schrader John , Poppy Wendy 
Published: December 2008

Background Athletic tape has been used on the ankle to decrease range of motion and to prevent injuries. Results from previous research found that with physical exercise athletic tape loses some of its restricting properties; recently, a new self-adherent taping product was developed that may restrict range of motion regardless of exercise. Hypothesis Self-adherent tape will maintain ankle range of motion restriction more than traditional white cloth tape both before and after activity. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Twenty volunteers participated in testing procedures on 3 separate days, 1 for each taping condition (self-adherent, white cloth, and no tape). The participant's ankle range of motion was measured with an electrogoniometer before application of the tape, immediately after application of the tape, and after 30 minutes of physical exercise. Range of motion was measured in 2 planes of motion: inversion to eversion and dorsiflexion to plantar flexion. Results White cloth tape and self-adherent tape both restricted inversion to eversion range of motion immediately after application, but with 30 minutes of exercise only the self-adherent tape maintained the decreased range of motion. For dorsiflexion to plantar flexion range of motion, the white tape and self-adherent tape both significantly decreased range of motion immediately after application and after the exercise protocol. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance The self-adherent tape maintained range of motion restriction both before and after exercise. Conversely, the white cloth tape lost some of its restrictive properties after 30 minutes of exercise.
Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) in Patients With Varicose Great Saphenous Vein (GSV) and Incompetent Saphenofemoral Junction (SFJ): An Ambulatory Single Center Experience
Authors: Zafarghandi Mohammad Reza , Akhlaghpour Shahram , Mohammadi Halimeh , Abbasi Ali 
Published: December 2008

Objectives: To evaluate treatment results for varicose great saphenous vein (GSV) using endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) in an ambulatory single center. Material and methods: We prospectively studied 77 limbs with varicose GSV in 74 patients who were treated using 980-nm EVL with a 600-mm laser fiber and the power settings of 10-25 Watts. The patients were followed using color Doppler ultrasound. Results: Continued closure of treated GSV was found in 98.3% of the legs evaluated at 3-week follow-up (n = 60). At 3- and 6-month intervals, 94.1% and 97% successful occlusion was achieved, respectively. The main complications of the procedure included prolonged leg pain (2 cases), hyperestheasia (one case) and lidocaine sensitivity (one case). Conclusion: EVLA treatment of the GSV is a safe and highly effective method accompanied with few complications in midterm follow-up. It is feasible in ambulatory settings and the patients return to their daily activities early after intervention.
Social interactions in an online self-management program for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Shigaki Cheryl L. , Smarr Karen L. , Yang Gong  , Donovan-Hanson Kathleen , Siva Chokkalingam , Johnson Rebecca A. , Ge Bin , Musser Dale R. 
Published: December 2008

Objective: To evaluate social interactions among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), participating in an empirically based, cognitive-behavioural, self-management (SM), and peer-support program, delivered in an online format. Methods: Thirty individuals with RA were recruited online. Subjects were a subset of participants in the treatment arm of a waiting-list controlled study testing the effectiveness of a 10-week, online, SM education and peer support program. Primary outcomes were process variables describing social activity in the online environment during active treatment. Qualitative review of discussion board posts was undertaken to gain insight into participants' perceptions of social interactions. Results: Participants spent a large proportion of logged-in time accessing educational materials and community-level activity was vibrant, with members utilizing the discussion board and e-mail. The Chat feature was less well-used. Discussion board posts regarding RAHelp were very positive, especially in regard to perceived supportiveness and bonding among participants, and a sense of feeling uniquely understood by others who have RA. Concern arose in response to periods in which the discussion board was `too quiet.' Discussion: Our work complements the emerging literature supporting acceptance and utility of Internet-based programming as a venue for SM education and social interaction among individuals with chronic illness.
The patient's experience of holistic care: insights from acupuncture research
Authors: Paterson Charlotte , Britten Nicky 
Published: December 2008

Objectives: To characterize the diverse nature of peoples' experiences of acupuncture treatment for chronic health problems. Specifically, the paper addresses how this analysis deepens our understanding of holism and its relation to the therapeutic theory base. Methods: A secondary analysis of five longitudinal interview studies using a constant comparative method. Patients experienced different types of acupuncture — traditional (based on Chinese medicine) and Western-style (based on biomedicine) in a variety of settings in the UK and Australia. Results: The markedly different experiences of acupuncture treatment were best characterized in relation to the concept of holism. Being treated `as a whole person' was associated with traditional acupuncture in both private and NHS practice, but not within a research trial setting. In the trial, both patients and practitioners `played their part' in a scientific experiment. Holism was especially important to people with several health problems. Discussion: The findings suggests that the experience of holistic care, in the sense of `being treated as a whole person' is dependent on four factors: (a) the therapeutic theory that underpins the treatment; (b) structural factors such as time and setting; (c) the intention of the practitioner; and (d) the intention and needs of the patient.