bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cryotherapy on arthrogenic muscle inhibition using an experimental model of knee swelling
Authors: Rice David , McNair Peter J. , Dalbeth Nicola 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveArthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) contributes to quadriceps weakness and atrophy in knee arthritis and following joint injury. This laboratory‐based study examined the efficacy of cryotherapy in reducing quadriceps AMI caused by intraarticular swelling.MethodsSixteen subjects without knee pathology participated, and were randomly assigned to a cryotherapy (n = 8) or control (n = 8) group. Surface electromyography (EMG) from vastus medialis and quadriceps torque measurements were recorded during maximum effort isometric contractions. All subjects then received an experimental joint infusion, whereby dextrose saline was injected into the knee to an intraarticular pressure of 50 mm Hg. EMG and torque measurements were repeated. Thereafter, the cryotherapy group had ice applied to the knee for 20 minutes while the control group did not receive an intervention. EMG and torque measurements were again collected. Quadriceps peak torque, muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV), and the root mean square (RMS) of EMG signals from vastus medialis were analyzed.ResultsQuadriceps peak torque, MFCV, and RMS decreased significantly following joint infusion (P ≤ 0.001). Cryotherapy led to a significant increase in quadriceps torque and MFCV compared with controls (P < 0.05). The difference in RMS did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.13).ConclusionThe study demonstrated that cryotherapy is effective in reducing AMI induced by swelling. Cryotherapy may allow earlier and more effective quadriceps strengthening to occur in patients with knee joint pathology.
Association between the IRF5 rs2004640 functional polymorphism and systemic sclerosis: A new perspective for pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Dieudé P. , Guedj M. , Wipff J. , Avouac J. , Fajardy I. , Diot E. , Granel B. , Sibilia J. , Cabane J. , Mouthon L. , Cracowski J. L. , Carpentier P. H. , Hachulla E. , Meyer O. , Kahan A. , Boileau C. , Allanore Y. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveThere is now growing evidence that connective tissue diseases, including systemic sclerosis (SSc), share a common genetic background. Microarray studies support a pivotal role of type I interferon (IFN) in the pathophysiology of connective tissue diseases. Interferon regulatory factors coordinate the expression of type I IFNs, and the IRF5 gene has been identified as a susceptibility gene of systemic lupus and Sjögren's syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine whether the IRF5 rs2004640 single‐nucleotide polymorphism is associated with SSc.MethodsThe IRF5 rs2004640 (GT) functional polymorphism was genotyped in 1,641 subjects of French European Caucasian origin: a discovery set comprising 427 patients with SSc and 380 control subjects and a replication set comprising 454 patients with SSc and 380 control subjects.ResultsIn both the discovery set and the replication set, the TT genotype was significantly more common in patients with SSc than in control subjects, with an odds ratio (OR) for the combined populations of 1.58 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.18–2.11 [P for trend 0.002]). Analyses of the whole SSc population showed a significant association between homozygosity for the T allele and the presence of antinuclear antibodies (corrected P [Pcorr] = 0.04, OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.16–2.17) and fibrosing alveolitis (Pcorr = 0.001, OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.38–3.11). In a multivariate analysis model including the diffuse cutaneous subtype of SSc and positivity for anti–topoisomerase I antibodies, the IRF5 rs2004640 TT genotype remained associated with fibrosing alveolitis (P = 0.029, OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.07–3.44).ConclusionThe IRF5 rs2004640 GT substitution is associated with susceptibility to SSc. These data provide new insight into the pathogenesis of SSc, including clues to the mechanisms leading to fibrosing alveolitis.
Resident macrophages initiating and driving inflammation in a monosodium urate monohydrate crystal–induced murine peritoneal model of acute gout
Authors: Martin William John , Walton Michaela , Harper Jacquie 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether infiltrating monocytes, neutrophils, or resident macrophages contribute to the early inflammatory response to monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals in vivo.MethodsMSU crystal–induced inflammation was monitored using a peritoneal model of acute gout. The production of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β], tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα], IL‐6) by resident macrophages, infiltrating monocytes, and neutrophils during the onset of gout was determined by flow cytometry. Infiltrating and resident peritoneal cells were cultured with MSU crystals ex vivo, and proinflammatory cytokine production was determined by multiplex cytokine array. Activated macrophages on the visceral epithelial lining of the peritoneum were identified by immunofluorescence histochemistry. The inflammatory immune response to MSU crystals was then compared with the inflammatory response in mice depleted of resident macrophages by pretreatment with clodronate liposomes.ResultsThe production of cytokines in vivo preceded the influx of Gr‐1intermediate7/4+ monocytes. Monocytes and neutrophils recruited during the inflammatory phase of the response to MSU crystals failed to produce proinflammatory cytokines either in vivo, or ex vivo following restimulation with MSU crystals. Stimulation of the naive peritoneal resident cell population with MSU crystals ex vivo resulted in positive staining of resident macrophages for the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, TNFα, and IL‐6. Depletion of the resident macrophage population resulted in a significant decrease in both MSU crystal–induced neutrophil infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine production in vivo despite the presence of infiltrating monocytes.ConclusionThese data indicate that resident macrophages, rather than infiltrating monocytes or neutrophils, are important for initiating and driving the early proinflammatory phase of acute gout.
Association of the IL2RA/CD25 gene with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Hinks Anne , Ke Xiayi , Barton Anne , Eyre Steve , Bowes John , Worthington Jane ,   UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Genetics Consortium,   British Society of Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology Study Group, Thompson Susan D. , Langefeld Carl D. , Glass David N. , Thomson Wendy 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveIL2RA/CD25, the gene for interleukin‐2 receptor α, is emerging as a general susceptibility gene for autoimmune diseases because of its role in the development and function of regulatory T cells and the association of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within this gene with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), Graves' disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to determine whether SNPs within the IL2RA/CD25 gene are associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsThree SNPs within the IL2RA/CD25 gene, that previously showed evidence of an association with either RA, MS, or type 1 DM, were selected for genotyping in UK JIA cases (n = 654) and controls (n = 3,849). Data for 1 SNP (rs2104286) were also available from North American JIA cases (n = 747) and controls (n = 1,161). Association analyses were performed using Plink software. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.ResultsSNP rs2104286 within the IL2RA/CD25 gene was significantly associated with UK JIA cases (OR for the allele 0.76 [95% CI 0.66–0.88], P for trend = 0.0002). A second SNP (rs41295061) also showed modest evidence for association with JIA (OR 0.80 [95% CI 0.63–1.0], P = 0.05). Association with rs2104286 was convincingly replicated in the North American JIA cohort (OR 0.84 [95% CI 0.65–0.99], P for trend = 0.05). Meta‐analysis of the 2 cohorts yielded highly significant evidence of association with JIA (OR 0.76 [95% CI 0.62–0.88], P = 4.9 × 10−5).ConclusionThese results provide strong evidence that the IL2RA/CD25 gene represents a JIA susceptibility locus. Further investigation of the gene using both genetic and functional approaches is now required.
Folate receptor β as a potential delivery route for novel folate antagonists to macrophages in the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Van Der Heijden Joost W. , Oerlemans Ruud , Dijkmans Ben A. C. , Qi Huiling , Laken Conny J. Van Der , Lems Willem F. , Jackman Ann L. , Kraan Maarten C. , Tak Paul P. , Ratnam Manohar , Jansen Gerrit 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the expression of folate receptor β (FRβ) in synovial biopsy tissues and peripheral blood lymphocytes from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to identify novel folate antagonists that are more selective in the targeting and internalization of FRβ than methotrexate (MTX).MethodsImmunohistochemistry and computer‐assisted digital imaging analyses were used for the detection of FRβ protein expression on immunocompetent cells in synovial biopsy samples from RA patients with active disease and in noninflammatory control synovial tissues. FRβ messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were determined by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis. Binding affinities of FRβ for folate antagonists were assessed by competition experiments for3H‐folic acid binding on FRβ‐transfected cells. Efficacy of FRβ‐mediated internalization of folate antagonists was evaluated by assessment of antiproliferative effects against FRβ‐transfected cells.ResultsImmunohistochemical staining of RA synovial tissue showed high expression of FRβ on macrophages in the intimal lining layer and synovial sublining, whereas no staining was observed in T cell areas or in control synovial tissue. Consistently, FRβ mRNA levels were highest in synovial tissue extracts and RA monocyte‐derived macrophages, but low in peripheral blood T cells and monocytes. Screening of 10 new‐generation folate antagonists revealed 4 compounds for which FRβ had a high binding affinity (20–77‐fold higher than for MTX). One of these, the thymidylate synthase inhibitor BCG 945, displayed selective targeting against FRβ‐transfected cells.ConclusionAbundant FRβ expression on activated macrophages in synovial tissue from RA patients deserves further exploration for selective therapeutic interventions with high‐affinity–binding folate antagonists, of which BCG 945 may be a prototypical representative.
Risk factors for thrombosis and primary thrombosis prevention in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with or without antiphospholipid antibodies
Authors: Tektonidou Maria G. , Laskari Katerina , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. , Moutsopoulos Haralampos M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveAntiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), namely anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and lupus anticoagulant (LAC), have been associated with an increased risk of thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We examined additional thrombosis risk factors (aPL profile, SLE‐related, and traditional risk factors) and the primary thrombosis prevention in SLE patients with and without aPL.MethodsAll SLE patients with positive aPL but without previous thrombotic manifestations who were regularly followed up at our department (n = 144) and 144 age‐ and sex‐matched SLE patients with negative aPL were included in this study. The median followup times were 104 and 112 months, respectively. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment characteristics and the traditional thrombosis risk factors were recorded.ResultsThe thrombosis rate was 29 per 144 aPL‐positive patients (20.1%) and 11 per 144 aPL‐negative patients (7.6%; P = 0.003). In multiadjusted analysis, significant predictors of thrombosis were male sex (hazard ratio [HR] 6.25, P < 0.01), LAC (HR 3.48, P = 0.04), and constantly positive aCL (HR 5.87, P = 0.01) for aPL‐positive patients, while male sex (HR 7.14, P = 0.03) and hypertension were predictors for aPL‐negative patients (HR 6.49, P = 0.03). Additionally, the duration of low‐dose aspirin treatment played a protective role against thrombosis in aPL‐positive patients (HR per month 0.98, P = 0.05), as did the duration of hydroxychloroquine in both aPL‐positive (HR per month 0.99, P = 0.05) and aPL‐negative patients (HR per month 0.98, P = 0.04).ConclusionIndependent predictors of thrombosis for aPL‐positive patients were male sex, LAC, and constantly positive aCL, and for aPL‐negative patients were male sex and hypertension. The duration of low‐dose aspirin use played a protective role against thrombosis in aPL‐positive patients as did the duration of hydroxychloroquine in both groups.
A clustering‐based semi‐automated technique to build cultural ontologies
Authors: Srinivasan Ramesh , Pepe Alberto , Rodriguez Marko A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis article presents and validates a clustering‐based method for creating cultural ontologies for community‐oriented information systems. The introduced semiautomated approach merges distributed annotation techniques, or subjective assessments of similarities between cultural categories, with established clustering methods to produce “cognate” ontologies. This approach is validated against a locally authentic ethnographic method, involving direct work with communities for the design of “fluid” ontologies. The evaluation is conducted with of a set of Native American communities located in San Diego County (CA, US). The principal aim of this research is to discover whether distributing the annotation process among isolated respondents would enable ontology hierarchies to be created that are similar to those that are crafted according to collaborative ethnographic processes, found to be effective in generating continuous usage across several studies. Our findings suggest that the proposed semiautomated solution best optimizes among issues of interoperability and scalability, deemphasized in the fluid ontology approach, and sustainable usage.
Imidazole‐Annulated Tetrathiafulvalenes Exhibiting pH‐Tuneable Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Redox Properties
Authors: Wu Jincai , Dupont Nathalie , Liu Shi‐Xia , Neels Antonia , Hauser Andreas , Decurtins Silvio 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCT or not CT: Three imidazole‐annulated TTF derivatives 1–3 have been prepared and fully characterized. The influence of the TTF unit on the pKa values of the acceptor units as determined by photometric titration has been discussed. The results reported here are part of an initial exploratory study to generate a range of well‐defined coordination networks.magnified imageIn order to study the electronic interactions in donor–acceptor ensembles as a function of pH, an efficient synthetic route to three imidazole‐annulated tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives 1–3 is reported. Their electronic absorption spectra, in view of photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer, and their electrochemical behavior were investigated, and pKa values for the two protonation processes on the acceptor unit were determined in organic solvents by photometric titration. The influence of the TTF moiety on these values is discussed.
Examination of association to autism of common genetic variationin genes related to dopamine
Authors: Anderson B.M. , Schnetz‐Boutaud N. , Bartlett J. , Wright H.H. , Abramson R.K. , Cuccaro M.L. , Gilbert J.R. , Pericak‐Vance M.A. , Haines J.L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAutism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a triad of complications. Autistic individuals display significant disturbances in language and reciprocal social interactions, combined with repetitive and stereotypic behaviors. Prevalence studies suggest that autism is more common than originally believed, with recent estimates citing a rate of one in 150. Although multiple genetic linkage and association studies have yielded multiple suggestive genes or chromosomal regions, a specific risk locus has yet to be identified and widely confirmed. Because many etiologies have been suggested for this complex syndrome, we hypothesize that one of the difficulties in identifying autism genes is that multiple genetic variants may be required to significantly increase the risk of developing autism. Thus, we took the alternative approach of examining 14 prominent dopamine pathway candidate genes for detailed study by genotyping 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Although we did observe a nominally significant association for rs2239535 (P=0.008) on chromosome 20, single‐locus analysis did not reveal any results as significant after correction for multiple comparisons. No significant interaction was identified when Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction was employed to test specifically for multilocus effects. Although genome‐wide linkage scans in autism have provided support for linkage to various loci along the dopamine pathway, our study does not provide strong evidence of linkage or association to any specific gene or combination of genes within the pathway. These results demonstrate that common genetic variation within the tested genes located within this pathway at most play a minor to moderate role in overall autism pathogenesis.
Specific impairment of face‐processing abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder using the Let's Face It! skills battery
Authors: Wolf Julie M. , Tanaka James W. , Klaiman Cheryl , Cockburn Jeff , Herlihy Lauren , Brown Carla , South Mikle , McPartland James , Kaiser Martha D. , Phillips Rebecca , Schultz Robert T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough it has been well established that individuals with autism exhibit difficulties in their face recognition abilities, it has been debated whether this deficit reflects a category‐specific impairment of faces or a general perceptual bias toward the local‐level information in a stimulus. In this study, the Let's Face It! Skills Battery [Tanaka & Schultz, 2008] of developmental face‐ and object‐processing measures was administered to a large sample of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing children. The main finding was that when matched for age and IQ, individuals with ASD were selectively impaired in their ability to recognize faces across changes in orientation, expression and featural information. In a face discrimination task, ASD participants showed a preserved ability to discriminate featural and configural information in the mouth region of a face, but were compromised in their ability to discriminate featural and configural information in the eyes. On object‐processing tasks, ASD participants demonstrated a normal ability to recognize automobiles across changes in orientation and a superior ability to discriminate featural and configural information in houses. These findings indicate that the face‐processing deficits in ASD are not due to a local‐processing bias, but reflect a category‐specific impairment of faces characterized by a failure to form view‐invariant face representations and discriminate information in the eye region of the face.
NMR evidence of charge‐dependent interaction between various PND V3 and CCR5 N‐terminal peptides
Authors: Galanakis Petros A. , Kandias Nikolaos G. , Rizos Apostolos K. , Morikis Dimitrios , Krambovitis Elias , Spyroulias Georgios A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe third variable (V3) loop is an important region of glycoprotein 120 (gp120) for many biological processes, as it contains the highly conserved GPGR sequence and it represents the binding site for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV‐1) antibodies and for CCR5 and CXCR4 host cell coreceptors. The interaction of the principal neutralizing determinant (PND) V3 with the chemokine receptor CCR5 N‐terminal region has been reported to be crucial for HIV‐1 infection. The goal of this study is to characterize the solution structures of three HIV‐1 gp120 V3 subtype B peptides and their interaction with a nonsulfated N‐terminal CCR5 peptide. NMR titration experiments revealed that the CCR5Nt‐PND V3 interaction is dependent on the number of the positively charged V3 residues, which is in agreement with the observation that increase in positive charge in the V3 sequence correlates with the augmentation of the interaction. As expected for free peptides in solution, the peptides representing the PND V3 region of gp120 exhibit conformational flexibility, but they also exhibit a large number of NOEs which allowed convergence to a dominant conformation. The PND V3 peptides retain the U‐turn conformation observed in the crystal structures of gp120 complexes independently of CCR5 presence. The interaction of different regions of the CCR5Nt peptide is gradually increasing proportionally to the positive charge increase in the V3 peptides. The data demonstrate that the PND V3 and CCR5Nt peptide sequences have propensities for interaction even in the absence of sulfated tyrosines and that their binding and selectivity is determined by simple electrostatic attraction mechanisms. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 92: 94–109, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Evaluation of binding selectivities and affinities of platinum‐based quadruplex interactive complexes by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Pierce Sarah E. , Kieltyka Roxanne , Sleiman Hanadi F. , Brodbelt Jennifer S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe quadruplex binding affinities and selectivities of two large π‐surface PtII phenanthroimidazole complexes, as well as a smaller π‐surface platinum bipyridine complex and a larger RuII complex, were evaluated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was used to determine the structures of various quadruplexes and to study the thermal denaturation of the quadruplexes in the absence and presence of the metal complexes. In addition, chemical probe reactions with glyoxal were used to monitor the changes in the quadruplex conformation because of association with the complexes. The platinum phenanthroimidazole complexes show increased affinity for several of the quadruplexes with elongated loops between guanine repeats. Quadruplexes with shorter loops exhibited insubstantial binding to the transition metal complexes. Similarly binding to duplex and single strand oligonucleotides was low overall. Although the ruthenium‐based metal complex showed somewhat enhanced quadruplex binding, the PtII complexes had higher quadruplex affinities and selectivities that are attributed to their square planar geometries. The chemical probe reactions using glyoxal indicated increased reactivity when the platinum phenanthroimidazole complexes were bound to the quadruplexes, thus suggesting a conformational change that alters guanine accessibility. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 233–243, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com