bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant activity of 4-methylcoumarins
Authors: Pedersen Jens Z , Oliveira Cristina , Incerpi Sandra , Kumar Vineet , Fiore Anna Maria , De Vito Paolo , Prasad Ashok K , Malhotra Sanjay V , Parmar Virinder S , Saso Luciano 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Polyphenolic coumarins are known to act as antioxidants in biological systems, but it is difficult to distinguish their antioxidant activity from the many other effects they produce in cells. We have determined the radical scavenging capacity of 22 structurally related natural and synthetic 4-methylcoumarins, by measuring their reaction with radicals, galvinoxyl and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Efficient antioxidant activity of 4-methylcoumarins in cells was verified using the DCF fluorescent probe assay for determination of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. As expected, the o-dihydroxysubstituted coumarins were found to be excellent radical scavengers and better than the m-dihydroxysubstituted or monohydroxysubstituted analogues, but surprisingly the corresponding o-diacetoxy derivatives also turned out to be good scavengers, even in the absence of an esterase. Another unexpected result was that the anti-oxidant efficiency of 4-methylcoumarins could be modulated by introducing an ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl substituent at the C-3 position; this effect cannot be explained by simple electron donating/withdrawing properties. Coumarin concentrations of 10 μm or less were used in all experiments, corresponding to the levels relevant for therapeutic purposes. Considering that 4-methylcoumarins, in contrast to many other coumarins, are not metabolized to toxic epoxide intermediates, these results indicate promising new strategies for the design of non-toxic antioxidant coumarin-based drugs.
Collaboration Between the Health and Social Services: Part I, A Case Study of Joint Care Planning
Authors: Booth Timothy A. 
Published: November 2007

Central government has a long-standing interest in the co-ordination of health and welfare resources: an interest which produced the Hospital Plan of 1962 and the complementary long-term plans of local authority health and welfare departments in 1963; which lay behind the re-organisation of Whitehall departments in 1968 and the creation of a single ministry – the Department of Health and Social Security – with responsibility for all health and personal social services; and which was further advanced following the Seebohm Report by the creation of unified social services departments by the 1970 Social Services Act.
Subsequently, the re-organisation of local government and the NHS opened up new opportunities for closer liaison and greater co-operation by organising the new health and local authorities into matching areas of administration; by putting a statutory obligation on health authorities and their corresponding local authorities to collaborate so as to secure the health and welfare of the people of their areas; and by establishing the machinery for collaboration at the local level in the form of joint consultative committees and their supporting teams of officers.
Groups of type L
2(q) acting on polytopes
Authors: Leemans Dimitri , Schulte Egon 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
We prove that if G is a string C-group of rank 4 and G ≅ L
2(q) with q a prime power, then q must be 11 or 19. The polytopes arising are Grünbaum's 11-cell of type {3, 5, 3} for L
2(11) and Coxeter's 57-cell of type {5, 3, 5} for L
2(19), each a locally projective regular 4-polytope.
Automorphisms of Hilbert's non-desarguesian affine plane and its projective closure
Authors: Schneider Thomas , Stroppel Markus 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Hilbert constructed an early example of a non-desarguesian plane by modifying the lines of the real plane inside an ellipse. We employ methods from elementary algebraic geometry to show that the group of automorphisms of this plane leaves the ellipse invariant (unless the ellipse is a circle). Using this result, we determine the group of automorphisms of Hilbert's plane and some generalizations.
Paramétrisation des courbes multiples primitives
Authors: Drézet Jean-Marc 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The primitive curves are the multiple curves that can be locally embedded in smooth surfaces (we will always suppose that the associated reduced curves are smooth). These curves have been defined and studied by C. Bănică and O. Forster in 1984. In 1995, D. Bayer and D. Eisenbud gave a complete description of the double curves. We give here a parametrization of primitive curves of arbitrary multiplicity. Let Z

n
= spec(ℂ[t]/(t

n
)). The curves of multiplicity n are obtained by taking an open cover (U

i
) of a smooth curve C and by glueing schemes of type U

i
× Z

n
using automorphisms of U

ij
× Z

n
that leave U

ij
invariant. This leads to the study of the sheaf of nonabelian groups G

n
of automorphisms of C × Z

n
that leave the reduced curve invariant, and to the study of its first cohomology set. We prove also that in most cases it is the same to extend a primitive curve C

n
of multiplicity n to one of multiplicity n + 1, and to extend the quasi locally free sheaf D

n
of derivations of C

n
to a rank 2 vector bundle on C

n
.
Lyme disease during pregnancy
Authors: Mikkelse A. L. , Palle C. 
Published: November 2007

Lyme disease is a tick borne illness caused by a spirochete, Borrelia burgdorpheri (1). The first symptom, is a distinctive skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans, at the site of the tick bite (2). Early in the disease the spirochete spreads hematogenously and during pregnancy it may even spread transplacental to the fetus (3). Usually antibiotic treatment with tetracycline, penicillin, or eryhromycin will be curative (4).We report the case of a woman who developed Lyme disease during pregnancy. She was given penitcillin and gave birth at term to a normal infant.
An analysis of rapid pad testing and the history for the diagnosis of stress incontinence
Authors: Papa Petros P. E. , Ulmsten U. 
Published: November 2007

Two rapid exercise pad tests, the vitamin B test, and the methylene blue test, are introduced for the diagnosis of urinary stress incontinence. The vitamin B test is entirely non‐invasive, takes only a few minutes to perform, and is especially useful as an office test. The methylene blue test has fewer variables, and fits easily into a urodynamic routine. With the methylene blue test, a direct correlation was noted between amount of urine lost and pressure generated by the tests. This conforms to the definition of stress incontinence as a passive process. The sensitivity of the test in a group with mainly mixed symptoms was 89.5%, and the specificity 100%. The test is useful where objective diagnosis of stress incontinence is important.A group of 38 patients with a history (questionnaire) of stress incontinence exhibited a total of 105 positive individual symptoms out of a possible 228 symptoms (6 × 38), comprising a history of leaking at sneezing, coughing, exercise, laughing, walking, or bending. The individual symptoms were analyzed for accuracy and predictability by comparing them with six graded provocative exercises comprising a trampoline test, star jumps, coughing, stepping, bending and hand washing. The symptoms were graded into a hierarchy from the results. A history of stress incontinence was found to be an accurate determinant of stress incontinence, even in patients with mixed symptoms. This allows the questionnaire as presented to be used as a semiquantitative index for assessment purposes.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist treatment before hysterectomy for menorrhagia and uterine leiomyomas
Authors: Vercellini Paolo , Bocciolone Luca , Colombo Alberto , Vendola Nicoletta , Meschia Mlchele , Bolis Giorgio 
Published: November 2007

Objective. To investigate the effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (goserelin) treatment before hysterectomy for leiomyomata‐associated menorrhagia.Design. Prospective, comparative, nonrandomized study.Setting. A teaching hospital of Milano University.Patients. Anemic women requiring hysterectomy for myoma‐associated menorrhagia.Intervention. Six months' preoperative goserelin treatment (41 cases) or immediate surgery (92 controls).Main outcome measures. Abdominal/vaginal hysterectomy rate, number of transfusions, operating time, blood loss, complications, febrile morbidity, and days in hospital.Results. In the goserelin group mean hemoglobin rose (8.5 versus 13.3 g/dl) and mean uterine volume decreased (528 versus 251 ml). At preoperative pelvic exploration abdominal hysterectomy was indicated in 22 (54%) cases and 74 (80%) controls and vaginal hysterectomy in 19 (46%) and 18 (20%) (relative risk 3.6, 95% confidence interval 1.6 to 7.7; p = 0.001). No case required a transfusion whereas 51% of controls needed a total of 127 packed red cell units.Conclusions. In anemic women with menorrhagia and leiomyomas, gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist treatment before hysterectomy limited transfusion requirements and increased the vaginal procedure rate.
Placental abruption
Authors: Raymond Elizabeth G. , Mills James L. 
Published: November 2007

Objective. To investigate maternal risk factors and fetal conditions associated with abruption.Methods. Prospective cohort study of 30,681 singleton pregnancies at least 28 weeks' gestation. Data collected by patient questionnaire at the first prenatal visit and by medical record review.Results. 307 women had abruption (1%). After adjustment, important maternal risk factors included age (in years; OR 1.03; 95% CL 1.00. 1.06; p = 0.04) and less than 12 years of education (OR 1.58; 95% CL 1.10, 2.25; p = 0.01). Each pack of cigarettes smoked per day increased the risk by approximately 40% (OR 1.39; 95% CL 1.09, 1.79; p = 0.009). If abruption occurred, the perinatal mortality rate was substantially higher in women who smoked at least one pack per day than in nonsmokers (RR 2.53; 95% CL I.14, 5.61; p = 0.02). Abruption was also significantly associated with intrauterine growth retardation and fetal malformations. The increased malformation rate was due entirely to nearly a five‐times increase in congenital heart defects (OR 4.63; 95% CL 2.49. 8.55; p = 0.00000014).Conclusions: Heavier smoking increases the risk both of abruption and of perinatal death when abruption occurs. If the association between abruption and congenital heart defects is confirmed, early evaluation could lead to more prompt treatment of these malformations in infants delivered after abruption.
Cervical conization and preterm delivery/low birth weight
Authors: Kristensen J. , Langhoff‐Roos J. , Wittrup M. , Bock J. E. 
Published: November 2007

Objective. Evaluate the effect of cervical conization on preterm birth/low birth weight (LBW).Design. A systematic review of the literature using external or internal controls.Results. The typical odds ratio for preterm delivery in women with prior cervical conization using external controls was 3.23 (95% confidence interval 2.29–4.55). Using internal controls the typical odds ratio for LBW was 2.97 (95% confidence interval 1.09 8.05). Using external controls the typical odds ratio for LBW was 2.31 (95% confidence interval 1.33‐3.99).Conclusion. Women with cervical conization are at higher risk for preterm birth than external controls, and the surgical intervention as such is a major determining factor.
Plasma immunoglobulin, total protein and albumin levels during Norplant use by Nigerian women
Authors: Otolorin E. O. , Adeyefa I. , Konje J. C. , Ojengbede O. , Osotimehin B. , Ladipo O. A. 
Published: November 2007

Objective. To determine the effect of Norplant on plasma immunoglobulins, albumin and total proteins.Design A longitudinal prospective study of Norplant (six capsules) subdermal contraceptive implant acceptors.Setting. Family Planning Clinic. University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.Patients. 36 women volunteers aged 18–40 years on Norplant.Main outcome measures. Serum immunoglobulins, albumin and total protein before, one, three and 12 months after Norplant insertion.Results. No statistically significant changes were observed in plasma levels of IgA. IgM and total proteins hut plasma levels of IgG showed statistically significant increases after one, three and 12 months on Norplant.Conclusion Norplant does not seem to alter IgM, IgA. albumin and total protein levels over a period of 12 months. It, however, induces significant changes in IgG levels at one. three and 12 months after insertion. These changes are less marked by the end of 12 months.
A Swedish version of the Women's Health Questionnaire
Authors: Wiklund Ingela , Karlberg Johan , Lindgren Rickard , Sandin Kristina , Mattsson Lars‐Åke 
Published: November 2007

We wanted to provide details on the psychometric documentation of the Swedish version of the Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ), a patient based measure of postmenopausal complaints. The results of two clinical trials in Sweden in which the WHQ had been used as one out of several measurement tools were used to document the reliability, the validity and the responsiveness to change of the WHO. More than 350 women suffering from postmenopausal complaints were included in the two trials.A factor analysis, using the baseline values of all women in each study. showed that the Swedish version of the WHQ was very close to the English original. The internal consistency reliability was excellent. The clinical validity was confirmed by a significant correlation between change in E, levels and change in the WHQ during estrogen therapy. A high construct validity was established by the agreement between the WHQ and other quality of life scales. For use in clinical trials the WHQ was sensitive to treatment‐induced changes. and added important information to the clinical effect variables.
The familial risk of endometriosis
Authors: Moen Mette H. , Magnus Per 
Published: November 2007

Methods. A total of 563 patients with endometriosis were interviewed about endometriosis or adenomyosis in their mothers or sisters. Five hundred and twenty‐eight patients (94%) gave information about their relatives. Six patients were adopted and had no knowledge about their relatives. Among 522 patients were seven pairs of sisters, of which only one was included, giving a total of 515 cases. The control group consisted of 149 women without endometriosis documented at a recently diagnostic laparoscopy performed in connection with sterilization. The controls were likewise interviewed about their relatives, and none refused to give information. If a gynecological operation in a relative was reported, medical records were obtained (68%) or a description of the medical history was given by the proband. Results Endometriosis or adenomyosis was disclosed in 3.9% of mothers of cases and in 0.7% of mothers of controls, in 4.8% of sisters of cases and in 0.6% of sisters of controls. The relative risk of endometriosis in a first‐degree relative (expressed as odds ratio), was 7.2 (95% confidence interval 2.1, 24.3). Severe manifestations of endometriosis were found more often among patients with a positive family history than among those without (26% versus 12%, p < 0.01).Conclusion. The study demonstrates a seven fold increased risk of endometriosis in mothers and sisters of patients with endometriosis. It is assumed that daughters of patients with endometriosis have a similar risk of developing endometriosis.
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome with manifestations in the vulva
Authors: Busund Bjørn , Stray‐Pedersen Sverre , Iversen Olav Hllmar , Austad Joar 
Published: November 2007

The blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare vascular disorder, manifesting with hemangiomas which are usually located in the gastrointestinal tract and/or in the skin. These lesions can cause local, sometimes severe bleedings or cosmetic problems. This report describes a young woman with BRBNS manifestations on the buttocks and in the vulva, the latter giving rise to symptoms specific to this location. The blood‐filled blebs were successfully treated by argon laser. As far as we know, manifestations of this disease in the female genital tract have not previously been described.Address for correspondence: Professor emeritus Olav Hilmar Iversen, M.D., Ph.D. Institute of Pathology University of Oslo The National Hospital (Rikshospitalet) 0027 Oslo Norway
Twin pregnancies with single fetal death
Authors: Prömpeler Heinrich J. , Madjar Helmut , Klosa Wolfgang , du Bois Andreas , Zahradnik Hans P. , And Helmut Schillinger , Breckwoldt Meinert 
Published: November 2007

Objective. Analysis of the fetal outcome of the surviving twin and the cause of fetal death. Patients. Between January 1979 and December 1992, 43 twin pregnancies with single fetal death were observed: in 11 cases (group I) before 16 weeks of gestation, in 11 cases (group II) between 17 and 24 weeks, and in 21 cases (group III) after 24 weeks of gestation.Results. The pregnancies in group I continued without complication. In groups II and III the incidence of preterm delivery was 50%, of cesarean section 59%, of growth retardation of the surviving twin 22% and perinatal mortality was 13%. Twenty‐five (78%) of the surviving twins had a normal postnatal development and one (3%) was handicapped.Conclusion. Loss of one of the twins in the first trimester does not impair the development of the surviving fetus. In the second trimester however this event is associated with increased risk for the survivor as reflected by a high incidence of growth retardation, premature labor and perinatal mortality.
Equality in health and health care during pregnancy
Authors: Hakansson Anders 
Published: November 2007

Objective: To study health and health care during pregnancy for manual workers compared with non‐manual employees.Design: A prospective population‐based study of all women who were registered for antenatal care during 1986 in the catchment areas of three health centers.Subject: Three district antenatal clinics in southern Sweden.Setting: 409 pregnant women; of whom 403 with singleton pregnancies; of whom 185 were manual workers and 175 were non‐manual employees.Main outcome measures.: Problems encountered (registered according to the international classification of diseases) and measures taken.Results: The study population resembled all women who gave birth in Sweden during the same year. Both manual workers and non‐manual employees registered for antenatal care in early pregnancy (96% and 97%, respectively, before 15 completed weeks). The women in both groups made the same number of visits to the antenatal clinics (median 17 and 13 respectively). There were no differences between the two groups of women as regards the percentage figures for obstetric problems encountered during pregnancy. The manual workers had a higher frequency of diseases of the musculoskeletal system (mainly low‐back pain) compared with the non‐manual employees (RR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.20‐2.98), and they were sicklisted more often (RR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.01‐1.46). On the other hand, their frequency of amniocentesis was lower (RR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.19‐0.80); the reason for this was that the manual workers were younger than the non‐manual employees. Otherwise, there were no differences between the two groups of women as regards the percentage figures, either for non‐obstetric problems encountered, or measures taken, or regarding the outcome of pregnancy.Conclusion: In Sweden, both manual and non‐manual working women appear to enjoy equal antenatal health and receive equal antenatal care. This conclusion is based on a small study population, meticulously monitored prospectively throughout pregnancy.
Vaginal operative deliveries in Italy
Authors: Parauini Fabio , Cortinovls Ivan , Restelli Slmona , Bortolus Renata , Tozzl Luca 
Published: November 2007

Objective. To analyze the trends in vaginal operative deliveries in Italy.Design. Analysis of information on all deliveries after the 28th week of gestation. Routinely collected by the Italian Central Institute of Statistics using a standard form.Setting. National data on all Italian deliveries in the period 1981‐85.Subjects. All deliveries occurred in Italy in the period.Results. Forceps and vacuum delivery were reported in 1981 respectively in 0.9 and 2.1/100 deliveries. Similar percentages were observed during the whole considered quinquennium for viicuum extraction, but the forceps delivery rate decreased to 0.6/100 in 1985. Nulliparous women more frequently had an operative vaginal delivery: the rates of forceps and vacuum deliveries were respectively 1.1 and 3.7/100 in nulliparae and 0.3 and 1.0 in women reporting one or more previous births. There was a direct relationship between vacuum delivery rate and birth weight: vacuum deliveries were reported for respectively 0.9 and 2.3/100 infants weighing less than 2500 g and 22500 g. Likewise. vaginal operative deliveries were more frequent in term or post‐term births, and vacuum deliveries among singleton births than multiple ones (2.3 vs 1.71100 deliveries).Conclusions. Operative vaginal delivery rates in Italy in the mid 1980′s were lower than in most developed countries. The reasons for forceps and vacuum extraction were similar to other developed countries with regard to obstetric determinants, but some differences emerged for socio‐demographic factors.
Psychosocial aspects of donor insemination
Authors: Pedersen Bjørn , Nielsen Anders Faurskov , Lauritsen Jørgen Glenn 
Published: November 2007

Study objectives. To examine sperm donors' motivations and emotional reactions to the role of donors and to measure their willingness to provide information about themselves to recipients and offspring.Design. A prospective trial in which the 26 subjects who were actively functioning as sperm donors in our fertility clinic at the time of investigation were asked to fill in a questionnaire and return it anonymously and voluntarily.Main results. 8% of the donors stated purely altruistic motivation. 32% purely financial and 60% a combination of both. The acceptance rate for providing non‐identifying, phenotypic. descriptive information to recipients is 76%, for providing medical information it is 60% and the provisioii of psychosocial infornmation is accepted by 28% to 40%, depending on the item. 20% of donors are willing to continue donation if the present rules of anonymity are revoked.Conclusions. Most donors do not seem to feel any close relationship to donor offspring and at least 60% found anonymity to be essential for their further functioning as donors.
A study of the effect of rotational forceps delivery on fetal acid‐base balance
Authors: Baker Philip N. , Johnson Ian R. 
Published: November 2007

Objective. To determine whether Kiellands forceps rotational delivery causes a significant reduction in fetal pH or base excess, as compared to a control group delivered using non‐rotational forceps.Design. A prospective observational study. Setting. A teaching hospital labor ward in the UK.Methods. Fetal blood sampling was performed prior to delivery by Kiellands forceps (n=26) or by non‐rotational forceps (n=24). Following delivery, the umbilical vein was sampled. Outcome measures. The changes in fetal pH and base excess.Results. No significant changes in pH were noted in fetuses delivered using Kiellands forceps or in those delivered using Neville Barnes forceps. However, whilst no changes in base‐excess were found in the fetuses delivered using Neville Barnes forceps, there were significant changes in base‐excess in those fetuses delivered using Kiellands forceps.Conclusion. This small study suggests that delivery by Kiellands forceps may result in a significant deterioration in fetal acid‐base balance.