bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURED OBSERVATION OF THE DECISION‐MAKING ENVIRONMENT: A RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Kendall Kenneth E. , Kendall Julie E. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTInformation analysts gather and interpret information regarding organizational decision making. One source of information is the physical environment of the decision maker. A system for structured observation of the environment (STROBE) was developed and was used to gather information on administrators and medical directors of regional blood service organizations in the United States and Canada. Our results suggest that the reliability of STROBE is high and validity is acceptable, suggesting that STROBE may be useful in gathering data usually obtained through interviewing or observing behavior of decision makers.
A COMMENT ON THE COST OF NEW ISSUES OF COMMON STOCK
Authors: Benesh Gary A. , Celec Stephen E. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTAccording to the constant growth model and perceived finance theory, the cost of new external equity exceeds the cost of retained earnings due to flotation costs and underpricing. Carlson and Dietz [1] have recently argued that the constant growth model is operationally inadequate whenever the net proceeds from the issuance of a new share differ from book value. Specifically, they contend that the cost of new external equity is less than the cost of retained earnings whenever the net proceeds from a new share exceed book value. We show that these conclusions stem from an error in interpretation and therefore that the constant growth model is valid regardless of the relationship between market prices and book value.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AS DECISION AIDS: DIRECTIONS FOR RESEARCH*
Authors: DeSanctis Gerardine 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTComputer‐generated graphics are becoming increasingly available to decision makers. Despite claims on the part of vendors that the use of graphics will improve decision speed and quality over traditional methods of data display, the available evidence is far from supportive. Initial studies show graphics to be no more effective in communicating information than tables. Correct interpretation of graphical displays appears to require training, which most users lack. Furthermore, there is evidence that those features that make a graph visually attractive—such as color, design complexity, and realism—may actually detract from accurate comprehension. This paper summarizes the literature dealing with the human use of graphics, develops several propositions based on persistent trends in the literature, and suggests directions for future research.
ON MODELING ADVERTISING PULSING DECISIONS
Authors: Mesak Hani I. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTBased on empirical findings in the literature, sales response to advertising pulsing policy (APP) is modeled mathematically. The implications for APP are discussed. This policy is compared with an alternative policy of uniform expenditures (UAP), a commonly used strategy. The results of the research indicate that substantial savings in advertising budget or an increase in sales revenues may be achieved for a firm using APP.
JOB‐SHOP VS. HYBRID FLOW‐SHOP ROUTING IN A DUAL RESOURCE CONSTRAINED SYSTEM
Authors: Elvers Douglas A. , Treleven Mark D. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the impact of job routing pattern on the performance of dual resource constrained (DRC) systems. Three markedly different job routing patterns are simulated using a DRC system model that incorporates labor transfer times. The problem is viewed from two perspectives: one portion of the analysis focuses on the relative performances of five different dispatching rules as the routing pattern varies; the other examines the effect of the routing pattern on each rule's individual performance. One generalized conclusion of this study is that routing pattern has no significant impact on the relative effectiveness of various dispatching rules. Consequently, findings from pure job‐shop research studies may be applied to situations where a mixture of job‐shop and flow‐shop routings is present.
CATEGORY WIDTH COGNITIVE STYLE AS A FACTOR IN ACCOUNTANTS' PERCEPTIONS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION
Authors: Gul Ferdinand A. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper reports the findings of a laboratory experiment designed to investigate the relationship of category width (CW) cognitive style with accountants' perceptions of accounting information. Subjects drawn from large accounting firms in Sydney, Brisbane, and Melbourne, Australia, were classified into broad, medium, and narrow categories following the test devised by Pettigrew [19]. Subjects were requested to state their level of confidence in decisions they had made after receiving (1) conventional accounting information or (2) conventional accounting information and human resources accounting (HRA) information using a one‐group pretest‐posttest design. The results indicated a significant relationship between CW cognitive style and the accountants' confidence in their decisions. Furthermore, CW cognitive style moderated the accounting‐information/decision‐making relationship.
Applications and Implementation DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT FOR DECISION MAKING
Authors: Goslar Martin D. , Green Gary I. , Hughes Terry H. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTA laboratory experiment examined the effects of applying decision support system (DSS) technology to decision making in ill‐structured problem environments under varying information conditions. Marketing executives participated in the experiment which investigated the effects of DSS availability, DSS training, and data availability on dependent variables that included: (1) the number of alternatives considered by a subject during decision making, (2) the period of time spent by a subject to complete the decision‐making process, (3) the subject's perceived confidence in the decisions he or she had made, (4) the amount of data considered by a subject's during decision making, (5) the individual subject's decision processing, and (6) the subject's performance overall. Our results indicate that all three factors significantly affect the number of alternatives considered by subjects during the decision‐making process. We therefore suggest that DSS training be coordinated with decision training in order to realize the potential of DSSs as described in the DSS literature.
Education DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A TOOL FOR ASSIGNING STUDENTS TO GROUPS FOR CLASS PROJECTS*
Authors: Beheshtian‐Ardekani Mehdi , Mahmood Mo A. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTGroup project work is an integral part of many university courses. Assigning students to project groups can be difficult because of the students' diverse backgrounds. Many instructors therefore decide not to assign group projects. This paper develops and validates an instrument that assigns both experienced and inexperienced students to different project groups, thereby creating a balanced, fair environment. The instrument is checked for reliability and validity and then is used to assign students to different project groups. Based on group performance, the end‐of‐the‐semester results also are provided. Path analysis is used to test a causal model. Conclusions and implications for future research are presented.
COMPARING FORECAST ACCURACY FOR EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING MODELS OF EARNINGS‐PER‐SHARE DATA FOR FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING
Authors: Brandon Charles , Jarrett Jeffrey E. , Khumawala Saleha B. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper relates recent research in predicting accounting earnings per share (EPS) to an experiment comparing the performance of extrapolative forecasting models. The paper points out the usefulness of the results to decision‐making processes such as those used in portfolio analysis or financial management. The statistical results of the experiment point to the usefulness of the Holt‐Winter (HW) model in predicting EPS for a random sample of firms over a 20‐year horizon. For short‐term forecasting, the HW model provides relatively accurate forecasts in comparison to other methods used. HW is likely to be a costeffective alternative to more time‐consuming and expensive techniques.
Notes and Communications REPLANNING FREQUENCIES FOR MASTER PRODUCTION SCHEDULES
Authors: Chung Chen‐Hua , Krajewski Lee J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTUpdating production plans typically is achieved by rolling the planning horizon forward one period at a time, each time including the latest information in order to determine the best course of action to pursue in the present period. Theoretical planning‐horizon studies have identified the conditions by which the production decisions in the current and some specified number of future periods remain optimal given some set of future demands. Motivated by these findings, this study addresses the replanning frequency in a hierarchical production planning problem where no planning‐horizon theorems are available. In this problem the aggregate production plan and the master production schedule are linked by a rolling‐horizon practice. Empirical experimentation indicates that under certain cost and demand conditions the master production schedule need not be updated every period. If a schedule does not need to be updated for several periods, the schedule for these periods can be frozen to provide stability for planning components at lower levels in the bill of material of the products. The results of this study thus provide some reference for the determination of the frozen portion of the master production schedule.
A JOINT ECONOMIC‐LOT‐SIZE MODEL FOR PURCHASER AND VENDOR
Authors: Banerjee Avijit 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn a typical purchasing situation, the issues of price, lot sizing, etc., usually are settled through negotiations between the purchaser and the vendor. Depending on the existing balance of power, the end result of such a bargaining process may be a near‐optimal or optimal ordering policy for one of the parties (placing the other in a position of significant disadvantage) or, sometimes, inoptimal policies for both parties. This paper develops a joint economic‐lot‐size model for a special case where a vendor produces to order for a purchaser on a lot‐for‐lot basis under deterministic conditions. The focus of this model is the joint total relevant cost. It is shown that a jointly optimal ordering policy, together with an appropriate price adjustment, can be beneficial economically for both parties or, at the least, does not place either at a disadvantage.
INDUSTRY RESOURCE ALLOCATION TO BASIC RESEARCH UNDER NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED BENEFITS*
Authors: Joglekar Prafulla , Hamburg Morris 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe failure of a free market system to attain socially optimal allocation of resources to research and development (R&D) is a generally recognized problem. However, we are just beginning to understand the types of R&D activities that receive relatively serious underinvestment from specific types of industries and the types of governmental intervention strategies that are likely to be effective and efficient in the correction of that underinvestment. Recently, Joglekar and Hamburg [16] [17] sought answers to these types of questions using models of the resource allocation behavior of firms considering investment in basic research related to their industry. It was assumed that the firms' benefits were exponentially distributed. In the present article, such benefits are assumed to be normally distributed, and an attempt is made to verify the earlier conclusions and policy implications of [16] and [17]. The results are similar for these two substantially different types of distribution, but the earlier conclusions and policy implications are clarified, qualified, and extended.
THE CLASSIC ECONOMIC PRODUCTION QUANTITY MODEL WITH SETUP COST AS A FUNCTION OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURE*
Authors: Billington Peter J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe formulation of the classic economic production quantity (EPQ) model is extended to include setup cost as a function of capital expense. Additional capital will buy reduced setup cost. Thus, the objective now is to balance holding, setup, and capital expenses.This new formulation is solved under conditions where setup cost varies exponentially and linearly as a function of capital expense. Decision rules are formulated to indicate under what conditions setup cost reduction reduces total cost. For the linear function, it is shown that once the decision to reduce setup cost is justified, the optimal choice is the minimum setup cost that is technologically feasible.
AHP DESIGN ISSUES FOR LARGE‐SCALE SYSTEMS
Authors: Weiss Elliott N. , Rao Vithala R. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a decision analysis technique that uses judgments from a group of relevant decision makers and hierarchical decomposition to derive a set of ratio‐scaled utility measures for decision alternatives. This paper addresses a number of design issues involved in the implementation of AHP for large‐scale systems. Specifically, it describes the use of incomplete experimental designs for simplifying data‐collection tasks. The effects of reducing the size of the hierarchy through attribute deletion and the effects of including identical attributes on any given level also are evaluated.
A METHODOLOGY FOR LABOR SCHEDULING IN A SERVICE OPERATING SYSTEM
Authors: Bechtold Stephen E. , Showalter Michael J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn the increasingly competitive services sector, utilization of the labor force can make the difference between profits or losses. Until recently, service operations managers had a limited set of tools, most of them computer‐based, for scheduling labor. This paper offers a manual heuristic for labor scheduling that outperforms traditional algorithmic solution approaches.Specifically, this study examines the problem of scheduling employees in service delivery system subject to demand variability. The manual heuristic proposed asigns full‐time empolyees to weekly work schedules with the objective of minimizing the total number of labor hours scheduled. The performance of the manual heuristic is compared to the classical algorithmic solution and to a lower bound for a variety of demand distributions and system operating conditions. The heuristic is shown to produce a smaller work force than the classical approach in 106 of the 108 demand‐operating condition patterns examined.
A LARGE‐SCALE PERSONNEL ASSIGNMENT MODEL FOR THE NAVY*
Authors: Liang Timothy T. , Thompson Theodore J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe U.S. Navy has been trying for years to develop a model to automate its personnel assignment process The requirement of rotating navy personnel frequently between sea duty and shore duty in accordance with multiple policies makes modeling efforts difficult. However, without a model to optimize assignments with regard to multiple policies, navy managers do not know the real impact of personnel assignments. This limits their ability to make effective decisions. This paper summarizes our effort to develop a large‐scale network model for the navy's assignment problem. The navy has accepted this model for implementation, replacing the current manual assignment process. The approach in this paper can be generalized to a wide variety of perosnnel assignment problems.
DYNAMIC LOT SIZING FOR A SINGLE‐FACILITY MULTIPRODUCT PROBLEM IN A ROLLING‐HORIZON ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Sung C. S. , Park Y. S. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper considers a production planning model for a single‐facility multiproduct problem where backlogging is not allowed. A planning‐horizon theorem is derived. From that theorem, a forward algorithm for finding an optimal solution over a finite horizon and a procedure for selecting the first‐period production in a rolling‐horizon environment are developed. Computational results from a set of simulation experiments designed to investigate the cost effectiveness of the procedure demonstrate its effectiveness.
FINDING SYNERGY BETWEEN DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND EXPERT SYSTEMS RESEARCH
Authors: Henderson John C. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis article examines the potential for synergy between decision support systems (DSS) and expert systems research. Three predominant research traditions in DSS (applications, design, and technology) are examined and used as a basis to identify ways in which expert systems and DSS research interrelate. A range of emerging trends in DSS research that focus on these commonalities is discussed.
PREDICTING STOCK MARKET BEHAVIOR THROUGH RULE INDUCTION: AN APPLICATION OF THE LEARNING‐FROM‐EXAMPLE APPROACH*
Authors: Braun Helmut , Chandler John S. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTAn artificial intelligence‐based rule‐induction approach to the analysis of stock market prediction is presented. A single investment analyst was used as the expert for this study. Predicting intermediate fluctuations in the movement of the market for nonconservative investors was selected as the decision to analyze. Commercially available rule‐induction software was used to generate rules that predicted the market calls of the market analyst and the actual movements of the market. Rules predicting actual market movement performed better than rules predicting the analyst's calls and better than the analyst himself. Such an approach may prove useful in designing a decision support system for market analysts or in improving the decision‐making processes of such analysts. The dynamic nature of the stock market represents a substantially different decision environment than those previously analyzed by learning‐from‐example (LFE) techniques. This study provides insights into the limits and applications of LFE approaches.
PROJECT IPMA: APPLYING DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM DESIGN PRINCIPLES TO BUILDING EXPERT‐BASED SYSTEMS*
Authors: Goul Michael , Tonge Fred 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThere currently is no widely accepted design framework for building expert systems. Knowledge engineers describe the process in terms of a set of heuristics or as a series of phases. Most paradigms are based on post‐development reflections. This paper explores an expert‐based system constructed using decision support system design techniques. An actual system in experimental use at the Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, was designed using the approach presented. The system, Integrated Pest Management Assistant (IPMA), will be used by extension agents to help orchard owners make decisions regarding pear tree pest infestations and to offer remedial strategies for eradicating potentially destructive insects.
VALIDATION OF EXPERT SYSTEMS‐ WITH APPLICATIONS TO AUDITING AND ACCOUNTING EXPERT SYSTEMS*
Authors: O'Leary Daniel E. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a set of definitions for the concepts “validation” and “assessment” applied to expert systems (ESs). It develops a framework for this validation and demonstrates the framework on existing accounting and auditing ESs to elicit some of the research issues involved in ES validation.Validation is critical to the design and implementation of decision‐making ESs. In a setting where objectivity is sought and variance is avoided, validation ascertains what a system knows, knows incorrectly, or does not know. Validation ascertains the system's level of expertise and investigates the theoretical basis on which the system is based. It evaluates the reliability of decisions made by the system.The validation framework developed in this paper is research methods. It is designed to reflect the unique aspects of ESs (in contrast to other types of computer programs) and can be used by ES developers as a basis from which to perform validation and by researchers as a framework to elicit research issues in validation.
OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO SELECTION WITH UPPER BOUNDS FOR INDIVIDUAL SECURITIES*
Authors: Kwan Clarence C. Y. , Yip Patrick C. Y. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we consider optimal portfolio selection with no short sales and with upper bounds for individual securities. The solution is reached by directy revising the optimal portfolio without upper bounds. Specifically, our analysis is based on the single‐index model, as well as the general multi‐index model that provides the return generating process for securities in the arbitrage pricing theory. As demonstrated in a simulation study, the proposed algorithm for optimal portfolio selection usually requires very few iterations. Also, since our approach is developed using intuitive reasoning and simple linear algebra, we are able to provide direct and intuitive justifications for the resulting portfolio choice. Therefore this paper should be of interest to both finance academics and practitioners in portfolio management.
INCORPORATING SALES FORCE PREFERENCES IN A GOAL PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR THE SALES RESOURCE ALLOCATION PROBLEM
Authors: McClure Richard H. , Wells Charles E. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis note presents a model for the sales territory assignment and resource allocation problem. The integer‐goal‐programming model includes input from the sales representatives in the form of preference values along with organizational goal values from management. The approach integrates the multiple objectiive inputs both for individual sales reprresentatives and for the organization into a single model by employing the approaches of multiattribute utility theory and multicriteria decision making. The purpose of the model is to provide a vehicle for testing various strategies and assessing the impact of those strategies on the sales representatives’utilities and the organization's goals.
UNCERTAINTY AND THE LOT‐SIZE REORDER‐POINT MODEL
Authors: Horowitz Ann R. , Horowitz Ira 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTNoori and Keller [1] recently proposed a lot‐size reorder‐point model in which the quantity received is a random variable. The authors failed, however, to explore the full implications of their initial definitions. This oversight leads to some misleading inferences that we try to correct in this note.
META‐DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN DEVELOPING MODEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS*
Authors: Liang Ting‐peng , Jones Christopher V. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper examines cognitive considerations in developing model management systems (MMSs). First, two approaches to MMS design are reviewed briefly: one based on database theory and one based on knowledge‐representation techniques. Then three major cognitive issues—human limitations, information storage and retrieval, and problem‐solving strategies—and their implications for MMS design are discussed. Evidence indicates that automatic modeling, which generates more complicated models by integrating existing models automatically, is a critical function of model management systems.In order to discuss issues pertinent to automatic modeling, a graph‐based framework for integrating models is introduced. The framework captures some aspects of the processes by which human beings develop models as route selections on a network of all possible alternatives. Based on this framework, three issues are investigated: (1) What are proper criteria for evaluating a model formulated by an MMS? (2) If more than one criterion is chosen for evaluation, how can evaluations on each of the criteria be combined to get an overall evaluation of the model? (3) When should a model be evaluated? Finally, examples are presented to illustrate various modeling strategies.