bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STEROIDE IM PLASMA VON MENSCHLICHEM PLAZENTABLUT (NABELSCHNURPLASMA)
Authors: Zander Josef , von Münstermann Anne-Marie , Runnebaum Benno 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The following steroids have been identified in plasma extracts of human placental blood (cord blood):
progesterone (76.5 μg/100 ml plasma),
20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one (6.0 μg/100 ml plasma),
20β-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one (0.8 μg/100 ml plasma),
17α-hydroxyprogesterone (1.1 μg/100 ml plasma),
16α-hydroxyprogesterone (0.8 μg/100 ml plasma),
17,20α-dihydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one (0.1 μg/100 ml plasma),
11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (0.3 μg/100 ml plasma),
adrenosterone (0.2 μg/100 ml plasma).
In addition there appeared more polar unidentified compounds in very small amounts. One of these compounds with maximal ultraviolet absorption at 240 mμ showed the mobility of cortisone.
ALDOSTERON, CORTISOL UND CORTISON IM HARN UND IN OPERATIV ENTFERNTEN NEBENNIEREN BEI PATIENTEN MIT CUSHING-SYNDROM
Authors: Franken F. H. , Zimmermann H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Few studies on the excretion of cortisol and cortisone in urine with simultaneous estimations of aldosterone have been performed in cases of Cushing's Syndrome.
Using the methods of Neher & Wettstein (1956) for the determination of cortisol, cortisone and aldosterone, studies were made on 8 patients with Cushing's Syndrome and adrenocortical hyperplasia. The excretion of aldosterone was normal in 5 cases and increased in 3 cases. The increase in excretion of cortisol was much greater than that of cortisone, while the excretion of 17-OHCS though frequently increased, was not very large. In 5 cases cortisol, cortisone, aldosterone and the 17-OHCS were determined in urine after the administration of ACTH. In these experiments the excretion of cortisol and cortisone was much higher than that of 17-OHCS. In one case, the amount of cortisol was found to be almost 200 times the upper normal limit. The excretion of aldosterone was slightly elevated in one case but showed considerable increases in 2 cases. 2 patients were given SU 4885 for several days. After this treatment the excretion of aldosterone was considerably decreased (<0.5 μg), cortisol and cortisone could, however, still be measured in small quantities. One of the 2 patients showed a new increase of cortisol excretion amounting to 10 times the upper limit during the fourth day of administration of SU 4885. A considerable elevation of 17-OHCS in the urine was also found. One of the patients was given dexamethasone, which brought about a decrease in cortisol, cortisone and 17-OHCS in the urine, the aldosterone content remaining at a normal level.
In addition cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone and aldosterone were determined by the method of Neher (1958), in the adrenals of 6 patients following operation. Taking the few corresponding studies on normal adrenals as a standard our results expressed in percentage showed an increased cortisol content.
According to our experiments the estimation of cortisol in urine is a more valuable diagnostic tool in Cushing's Syndrome than that of 17-OHCS. Furthermore the excretion of both cortisol and aldosterone is not constant.
The production of both hormones can be stimulated by ACTH.
ADRENALECTOMY IN PREGNANT RATS. EFFECTS ON OFFSPRING
Authors: Angervall Lennart 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The offspring of adrenalectomized rats were found to have a slightly lower birth weight than the offspring of control rats. At equal birth weights no differences in body length and water content were found between the two groups. One reason for the lowered birth weight might be the demonstrated reduced food intake of the adrenalectomized rats and their impaired metabolism due to the adrenalectomy. Among the foetal endocrine organs, the adrenals and thyroid were hyperplastic whilst the islets of Langerhans were hypoplastic. The reason for these changes in organ volume is discussed in the light of our present knowledge of the action of foetal hormones in the rat and the inter-action between these and the maternal hormones. It is postulated that for their bodily development, rat foetuses are comparatively independent of the mother rat's endocrine balance, a view borne out by the fact that foetal bodily growth is comparatively little affected by such a serious interference in the maternal endocrine balance as adrenalectomy.
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONES AND THEIR α-KETOLIC METABOLITES IN URINE
Authors: Cost W. S. , Vegter J. J. M. , Pol J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method for estimating urinary corticosteroid patterns is described. Normal 24-hour excretion values for tetrahydrocortisol (THF), allo-tetrahydrocortisol (allo-THF), tetrahydrocortisone (THE), cortisone (E), cortisol (F), tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol (THS), tetrahydrocorticosterone (THB), allotetrahydrocorticosterone (allo-THB), tetrahydro-11-dehydrocorticosterone (THA), 11-dehydrocorticosterone (A), corticosterone (B) and aldosterone, as well as some calculated ratios are reported.
The α-ketolic tetrahydrometabolites of cortisol include 25 per cent THF, 10 per cent allo-THF and 65 per cent THE. The mean THF/THE-ratio is 0.4, the mean F/E-ratio 0.8. The α-ketolic tetrahydrometabolites of corticosterone include 35 per cent THB, 35 per cent allo-THB and 30 per cent THA. The mean THB/THA-ratio is 1.2, the mean B/A-ratio 2.0. These figures seem to indicate that conversion of corticosterone to its 11-dehydrometabolites (B → A → THA) is less important than the corresponding metabolic pathway for cortisol (F →E →THE).
Assuming that excretion reflects secretion, it is calculated that the adrenals secrete about 7 times as much cortisol as corticosterone and that about 1–3 per cent of the cortisol precursor Reichstein's S is secreted before 17-hydroxylation has been accomplished.
EFFECT OF A NON-DIABETOGENIC SULFHYDRYL INHIBITOR ON THE GLUTATHIONE CONTENT OF PANCREATIC ISLET TISSUE
Authors: Falkmer Sture 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The potent sulfhydryl (SH) inhibitor iodoacetic acid (IAA) has previously been found to be non-diabetogenic in the marine teleost Cottus scorpius (the daddy sculpin). It was administered as a single intramuscular injection at approximately the L. D. 50 and also at a sublethal dose. The glutathione (GSH) content in the isolated islet tissue was significantly lowered to approximately the same extent with both doses. The GSH decrease differed from that obtained after administration of the diabetogenic SH inhibitor alloxan. It appeared later and lasted longer. Moreover, there was no clear difference between the GSH lowering effect of IAA on the isolated islet tissue and of that on some organs such as the myocardium not believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EXOPHTHALMOS INHIBITING EFFECTS OF SODIUM-D- AND SODIUM-L-THYROXINE IN GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Tengroth Björn , Zackrisson Uno 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The general change in the connective tissues which occurs in animals with experimentally produced exophthalmos, consists in an increase in the amount of hyaluronic acid, which binds the water in the connective tissue. Many regard this process as a stimulation of the mucinous system in the connective tissues, and consider this an explanation of the phenomenon of exophthalmos. When the experimental animals are injected with thyroxine or thyroid extract, the reaction observed is opposite to that seen following the injection of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. In the former case, there is a reduction in the amount of hyaluronic acid and consequently a decrease in the water content in the connective tissues.
In the experiments in question, Na-d-thyroxine and Na-l-thyroxine), in crystalline form, were tested for their inhibiting effect on the development of exophthalmos in experimental animals. The animals used were male albino guinea-pigs. An extract of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (TSH Organon)) was used to produce exophthalmos. In previous work (Tengroth 1961), it was shown, using an X-ray measuring technique, that d-thyroxine, despite its poor caloric effect, like l-thyroxine had an exophthalmos-inhibiting effect. When comparing the dose-response curves of the exophthalmos-inhibiting properties of both these optical isomers, it appears that d-thyroxine has an inhibiting effect which is significantly greater than that of l-thyroxine.
The significance of this observation is discussed.
INTENSITÄT UND DAUER DER ANTIINFLAMMATORISCHEN UND GLYKONEOGENETISCHEN WIRKUNG VON PREDNISOLON UND PREDNISOLONAZETAT NACH ORALER UND SUBCUTANER APPLIKATION AN DER RATTE
Authors: Vogel Gerhard 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The relative activity and duration of action of prednisolone and prednisolone acetate given orally or subcutaneously were studied.
The models used were the granuloma pouch assay, the liver glycogen test and the paw oedema test in white rats using Aerosil® as irritant.
In all three tests prednisolone acetate given subcutaneously was significantly superior to prednisolone with regard to intensity as well as to duration of effect. Liver glycogen assay and paw oedema test showed that the onset of effect is more rapid after prednisolone, though the free alcohol is less potent than the ester during the period of 6–24 hours after the injection. The depot effect of the acetate is maintained up to 3 days.
The differences are less pronounced when the drugs are given by the oral route. A more rapid onset of the prednisolone effect can not be demonstrated with certainty in this case, though a prolonged action of the acetate could also be shown after oral administration.
A CASE OF CUSHING'S SYNDROME STUDIED BY URINARY CORTICOTROPHIN ASSAY
Authors: Nakamura Masami , Hirano Masaji , Ibayashi Hiroshi , Fujita Takuo , Ohsawa Nakaaki , Uchikawa Toru , Okinaka Shigeo , Kumamoto Yoshiaki , Hirose Kinjiro , Ichikawa Tokuji 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A 20 year old female developed typical features of Cushing's syndrome, with increased urinary and plasma 17-OHCS, which showed a distinct diurnal variation, exaggerated response to exogenous ACTH, and suppression of response to 3 mg dexamethasone daily. Total adrenalectomy was performed for bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. ACTH in urine showed a distinct increase before and after operation. More than 30 mg of cortisol was required to suppress the elevated urinary ACTH, suggesting an abnormal response of the pituitary gland to exogenous steroid.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF CORTICOIDS AND ANDROGENS IN AN ADENOMA FROM A CUSHING'S SYNDROME PATIENT
Authors: Goldstein Menek , Gut Marcel , Dorfman Ralph I. , Soffer Louis J. , Lester Gabrilove J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Incubation of cholesterol-4-14C and pregnenolone-7-3H with a homogenate of adenomatous adrenal tissue from a patient with Cushing's disease yielded 14C and 3H labelled, cortisol, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, deoxycorticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and 11β-hydroxy-androst-4-3,17-dione.
THE ASSAY OF SUBCUTANEOUSLY INJECTED ANDROGENS IN THE CASTRATED RAT
Authors: Dorfman Ralph I. , Dorfman Adeline S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An assay procedure using the immature castrated albino rat is described using the weight of the seminal vesicles, ventral prostate, and levator ani as end-points in a ten day assay. The sensitivity was of the order of 0.6 mg of testosterone injected subcutaneously once daily in an aqueous suspending medium. The precision was adequate as judged by the λ values of 0.096 to 0.137 for the seminal vesicles, 0.128 to 0.162 for the ventral prostate, and 0.171 to 0.248 for the levator ani.
Activity of testosterone was increased significantly by esterification, by introduction of the 17α-methyl group, and by reduction of the Δ4 double bond to the 5α form. Androgenic activity was decreased significantly by oxidation of the 17β-hydroxy group to the 17-keto group and introduction of methyl groups at the 2α- or 6α-positions.
HYPOTHALAMO-NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL NEUROSECRETION AFTER THE EXTIRPATION OF VARIOUS ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Authors: Arko H. , Kivalo E. , Rinne U. K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The possible role of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system in regulating the release of the anterior pituitary hormones was studied in the rabbit and the rat. Thyroidectomy, gonadectomy and uni- and bilateral adrenalectomy were the experimental conditions used. The neurosecretory material (N. S. M.) was demonstrated by the aldehyde-fuchsin (AF) technique.
Distinct differences were not seen in the different groups of rabbits on account of the great variation between individuals.
In the rats, the thyroidectomy and gonadectomy groups often had slightly more N. S. M. in the median eminence around the portal vessels than the controls.
Slight depletion of N. S. M. in the infundibular process was observed in unilaterally adrenalectomized rats. N. S. M. passing into the portal vascular system showed a tendency to increase.
In the bilateral adrenalectomy group, N. S. M. was reduced in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, in the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract and in the infundibular process. However, considerably more numerous neurosecretory nerve fibres passing towards the portal vessels than in the controls were found in the median eminence of this group.
The conclusion drawn was that N. S. M. entering the hypophysial portal vessels in the median eminence may be of significance in the regulation of corticotrophin release.
AN ASSAY OF PROLACTIN BASED ON A DIRECT EFFECT OF THIS HORMONE ON CELLS OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM
Authors: Wolthuis O. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An attempt was made to develop a quantitative method of assay for prolactin. This seemed possible since experimental results with hypophysectomized, HCG- and PMS-treated immature female rats, with or without a hypophyseal transplant, showed considerable differences in the number of corpus luteum cell nuclei (CLCN) counted per surface unit of these two groups, while there were low variations within each group.
In subsequent experiments it was shown that subcutaneous injections of increasing concentrations of a hypophyseal homogenate or purified prolactin from the 5th–11th day after hypophysectomy, progressively decreased the number of CLCN per 0.0972 mm2 in hypophysectomized immature female rats which were treated with high doses of HCG and PMS from 1st–11th day after hypophysectomy. After some experience reproducible counts were obtained. Correlation between dose and response proved to be satisfactory (correlation-coefficient = 0.94). Regression equation X = 1.36813 − 0.00652 Y, in which Y stands for the number of CLCN/0.0972 mm2 and X for the log. dose of sheep prolactin in IU. Response variations in the course of time were low. The practicability of this test is discussed against the background of literature on other prolactin assay methods.
A NEW PROLACTIN ASSAY METHOD; SOME EXPERIMENTS WHICH PROVIDE ARGUMENTS FOR ITS SPECIFICITY
Authors: Wolthuis O. L. 
Published: December 2008

Experiments have been carried out to investigate the specificity of an assay method for prolactin which was described previously. From the results it may be concluded that:
an increase in the growth hormone content of rat hypophyseal material tested for its prolactin content has no influence on the results; an interference owing to decreasing amounts of growth hormone is very unlikely; the same holds true for ACTH and TSH, unless these substances exert a hitherto unknown action on the corpus luteum which is not mediated by the adrenal cortex or the thyroid gland; contamination with LH or FSH of the material to be investigated does not influence the results of the assays, neither with regard to the reaction to a dose of prolactin, nor with regard to the synergistic effects of oestrogens liberated by these hypophyseal hormones: the presence of oestrogen in the material (serum) to be tested does not interfere with the assays.
Thus, as far as comparative assays are concerned, this method may be considered specific.
DEFECTIVE THYROID HORMONE BIOSYNTHESIS WITH ANOMALOUS REACTION TO THYROID THERAPY: REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: Wiener J. D. , Lindeboom G. A. 
Published: December 2008

A case is presented of an euthyroid woman with an excessively large goitre, present since childhood. A distinct discrepancy was found between total protein bound iodine and butanol extractable iodine in the serum, and an elevated part of the plasma radioactivity after a test dose of 131I was not adsorbed on ion exchange resin. However, this non-adsorbed (»protein-like«) 131I was at least partly extractable with acid butanol. The fractional turnover rate of radiothyroxine was high. The possibility is raised that the pathological component was brought into the circulation as a result of an inborn defect in the thyroidal synthesis or proteolysis of thyroglobulin, and that it was composed of a number of more or less simple peptides, possibly not without some hormonal activity.
The uptake of radioiodine by the thyroid was only partly suppressed by desiccated thyroid therapy, but most of the trapped radioactivity did not appear to be incorporated into organic compounds.
EFFECT OF SERUM GONADOTROPHIN ON DEHYDROGENASES OF THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE IN THE OVARY OF THE RAT
Authors: Eckstein B. , Landsberg R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The succinic, malic and isocitric dehydrogenases in the ovary of immature and mature, normal and serum gonadotrophin injected rats were examined. The Qo2 of these enzymes were markedly enhanced in the gonadotrophin injected rats of both age groups, except in the case of succinic dehydrogenase in the ovary of the immature rats, where a slight non-significant decrease was noted.
It is concluded that in the mature rat ovary, gonadotrophin administration stimulates the activity of all the examined dehydrogenases of the citric acid cycle, whereas in the immature rat ovary, at least the isocitric- and malic dehydrogenases are thus stimulated.
STUDIES ON THE BLOOD VOLUME FOLLOWING HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN MAN
Authors: Falkheden Thomas , Sjögren Björn , Westling Håkan 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using 51Cr-labelled red cells, studies on the blood volume were performed before and after hypophysectomy in five patients (three cases of metastatic mammary carcinoma and two cases of acromegaly). In addition, studies were performed only after hypophysectomy in nine patients (two cases of metastatic mammary carcinoma and seven diabetic subjects). All patients were on replacement therapy with cortisone (17,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione) postoperatively, and several cases also received thyroid and sex hormones.
Hypophysectomy was followed by a decrease in the red cell volume, the calculated total blood volume, and the total amount of haemoglobin in the patients studied before and after operation.
The differences in calculated total blood volume and the total amount of haemoglobin between all hypophysectomized patients and a series of control subjects were analyzed on the basis of body weight. The total blood volume and total haemoglobin were significantly reduced in the hypophysectomized group.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON ISOLATED PANCREATIC ISLETS OF MAMMALS
Authors: Hellerström Claes , Hellman Bo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Microtitrimetric assays of dipeptidase activity were performed in isolated pancreatic islet tissue from mice. Considerable enzyme activity was found in both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas of normal mice, the enzyme level of the exocrine parenchyma being significantly higher. In obesehyperglycaemic mice with free access to food, isolated islets of Langerhans had a much higher enzyme activity than in normal animals. The increased islet dipeptidase activity in the obese-hyperglycaemic animals may, at least in part, be accounted for by their higher proportion of B cells. The intense insulin synthesis and renewal of B cells in these animals have been considered as alternative explanations. Histochemical staining for leucine aminopeptidase revealed a moderate enzyme reaction in both the endocrine and exocrine pancreatic tissue of normal and obese-hyperglycaemic mice.
ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE AND THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: Leak David 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Guanethidine was used to induce adrenergic blockade in a patient with exophthalmic goitre. When a postural fall of blood pressure was attained with a large dose of guanethidine, the abnormal tremor was abolished, the sleeping pulse rate fell and the basal metabolic rate fell to +20% of normal. The addition of methyl thiouracil caused a return of the sleeping pulse rate, basal metabolic rate, body weight and plasma cholesterol to normal levels. Guanethidine alone or in combination with methyl thiouracil did not affect the exophthalmos. Reasons are advanced for suggesting that thyroid hormone acts independently of the increased peripheral sensitivity to the catecholamines in producing many of the signs of thyrotoxicosis. A simple method of recording the tremor in thyrotoxicosis is described.
LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT CORTICOTROPHIN IN HUMAN PITUITARY GLANDS IN VARIOUS SYSTEMIC AND ENDOCRINE DISEASES
Authors: Currie A. R. , Davies Beryl M. A. , Symington T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
It has been suggested that corticotrophin (ACTH) is stored in the human pituitary gland in two chemical forms – a low molecular weight component extractable with trichloracetic acid and a protein or protein-bound component (Currie & Davies 1963).
The absolute and relative amounts of the low molecular weight ACTH have been investigated in 17 single 'fresh' human pituitary glands and they vary widely from case to case – from 0 to 21 IU and from 0 to 100%. The average total ACTH yield in cases without endocrine upset was 23.5 IU (range 7.4–37.8 IU).
Three patients in the series died within 3 days of the onset of an acute severe stress and their glands contained only protein or protein-bound hormone. The gland of a patient who had been on prolonged adrenal steroid therapy but had stopped taking the drug a few days before death gave a similar result.
In two glands from patients with Cushing's syndrome there was a low total ACTH but all the hormone was present in the low molecular weight form.
The other glands studied gave a variable yield of both the low molecular weight and the protein components.
In view of the difficulties of 'controlling' human material it is not possible in man to study the sequence of changes in the chemical state of storage of ACTH resulting from acute or chronic stress but in the cases of acute severe stress of short duration and in Cushing's syndrome the results indicate that the yield of low molecular weight ACTH has physiological meaning.
METABOLISM OF EXOGENOUS DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE IN MAN
Authors: Kirschner Marvin A. , Lipsett Mortimer B. , Wilson Hildegard 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To study the metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone, 3 normal subjects ingested 50, 300, and 1000 mg of dehydroepiandrosterone for 3 day periods. Although the fraction of the administered dehydroepiandrosterone that appeared in the urine decreased with increasing doses, the amount of dehydroepiandrosterone excreted approached that seen in adrenal cancer. The excretion of etiocholanolone was greater than that of androsterone at the higher dehydroepiandrosterone levels suggesting increased activity of the enzyme, Δ4-5β-reductase.
Conjugation of the C19O2-ketosteroid metabolites of dehydroepiandrosterone was examined at each dose level. The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone glucuronoside remained a small, constant fraction of the total dehydroepiandrosterone excretion. Similarly, the excretion of androsterone sulfate and etiocholanolone sulfate was a fairly constant but minor fraction of the total excretion of androsterone and etiocholanolone.