bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac manifestations of Anderson‐Fabry disease in children and adolescents
Authors: Kampmann Christoph , Wiethoff Christiane M. , Whybra Catharina , Baehner Frank A. , Mengel Eugen , Beck Michael 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAim: Fabry disease (Fabry) is a rare X‐linked disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α‐galactosidase A. The progressive accumulation of the major substrate, globotriaosylceramide, leads to renal dysfunction and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which are reported to become apparent in the third decade. This study was performed to determine if signs of cardiac manifestations of Fabry are seen in younger Fabry patients.Methods: Twenty children and adolescents of ≤18 years of age with confirmed Fabry underwent a standard 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG), a 2‐h Holter ECG, blood pressure measurements and a two‐dimensional echocardiogram. Follow‐up examinations were conducted for 14 patients after a mean interval of 25.9 months.Results: At baseline, mean left ventricular mass (LVM) indexed to height (LVM/h2.7) was 45.0 ± 2.3 and 47.0 ± 3.4 g/m2.7 in boys (n = 8) and girls (n = 12), respectively, and all patients had LVM/h2.7 of >75th percentile of that in healthy controls. After a mean 26‐month follow‐up, 12 out of 14 patients (85.7%) showed a mean increase of 7.5 ± 3.2 g/m2.7 in LVM/h2.7. Heart rate variability (HRV) analyses revealed that male, but not female, Fabry patients had significantly reduced HRV, reflecting a reduction in parasympathetic stimulation of the heart (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Cardiac involvement in children with Fabry is frequent and may progress even at young age.
Musculoskeletal pain in obese children and adolescents
Authors: Stovitz Steven D , Pardee Perrie E , Vazquez Gabriela , Duval Sue , Schwimmer Jeffrey B 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAim: To determine whether bodyweight is associated with musculoskeletal pain within a population of obese children and adolescents.Methods: A descriptive, cross‐sectional study of subjects evaluated at a tertiary care medical centre for the management of obesity. Analyses were conducted using both a person‐specific model, and then again, using a joint site model in order to account for correlations between joints within children.Results: We evaluated 135 children and adolescents (68 girls, 67 boys) with a mean age of 12.3 years (range: 3–18). The study population was racially and ethnically diverse – Hispanic (51%), non‐Hispanic white (26%), non‐Hispanic black (13%), other (10%). The majority of subjects (61%) complained of at least one joint hurting more than once per month. Back pain was the most common complaint (39%), followed by foot (26%) and knee (24%) pain. After adjustment for age, pain in the knees and hips were associated with increased weight and/or body mass index (BMI).Conclusions: In this cross‐sectional analysis of obese children and adolescents, musculoskeletal pain was common and, in the knee and hip joints, was positively associated with extra bodyweight. Clinicians may want to ask about musculoskeletal pain when recommending physical activity for weight management counselling.
Phenolic compounds in peach (Prunus persica) cultivars at harvest and during fruit maturation
Authors: Andreotti C. , Ravaglia D. , Ragaini A. , Costa G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSix peach and six nectarine cultivars were evaluated for the phenolic content in their pulp and peel tissues. Chlorogenic acid, catechin, epicatechin, rutin and cyanidin‐3‐glucoside were detected as the main phenolic compounds of ripened fruits. The concentration was always higher in peel tissue, with average values ranging from 1 to 8 mg g−1 dry weight (DW) depending on cultivar. Of the tested varieties, the white‐flesh nectarine ‘Silver Rome’ emerged as the cultivar with the highest amount of total phenolics. Phenolic compounds were also profiled during fruit growth and ripening in the yellow nectarine cv. ‘Stark Red Gold’, which showed a decreasing concentration during fruit development in both peel and pulp tissues. Average amounts of total phenolics were approximately 25 mg g−1 DW 60 days after full bloom and decreased to 3 mg g−1 DW at ripening in pulp tissue. Differences among peel and pulp composition show the different dietetic and antioxidant potential of fruits consumed unpeeled and peeled.
Documenting the Effect of Foundress Number in a Dioecious Fig, Ficus fistulosa, in Malaysia
Authors: Katabuchi Masatoshi , Harrison Rhett D. , Nakashizuka Tohru 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe studied foundress number and its effect on seed production in a dioecious fig Ficus fistulosa in Sarawak, Malaysia. The effects of flowering time and the two‐way interaction of flowering time and tree location on foundress number were statistically significant. A multiple regression indicated seed production increased significantly with the number of foundresses. Our results indicate that phenology and local ecological factors generate a large variance in foundress number, which in turn affects the reproductive success of F. fistulosa.
Importance of Interhabitat Gaps and Stepping‐Stones for Lesser Woodcreepers (Xiphorhynchus fuscus) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Authors: Boscolo Danilo , Candia‐Gallardo Carlos , Awade Marcelo , Metzger Jean Paul 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTranslocation experiments showed that a woodcreeper bird species is able to move between isolated forest fragments, but this ability is limited by increasing interpatch distances. Larger distances (> 100 m) were overcome by using small stepping‐stones (isolated trees), which enhance connectivity and are useful for the species conservation in fragmented landscapes.
Survival of Flower‐visiting Chrysomelids during Non General‐flowering Periods in Bornean Dipterocarp Forests
Authors: Kishimoto‐Yamada Keiko , Itioka Takao 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIn SE Asian rain forests, general flowering, a community‐wide synchronous flowering, occurs at irregular and supra‐annual intervals. During general flowering periods (GFP), most Dipterocarpaceae and many other trees flower profusely, while flowering plants are scant between GFP. During flowerless periods, anthophilous animals that depend on floral resources for food may suffer food shortages and subsequently decrease in abundance. Flower‐visiting chrysomelid adults are major pollinators for some canopy tree species that flower during GFP. Although such chrysomelids feed on flower petals, the means by which they survive flowerless periods remains unknown. We determined the abundance of flower‐visiting chrysomelids in GFP and non‐GFP through light trap samples and examined the effects of the presence of young leaves and flowers of dipterocarps on local abundance, and feeding preferences of flower‐visiting chrysomelids. We found no clear tendency that the chrysomelid species number and the abundance during GFP were consistently higher than those during non‐GFP. Chrysomelid adults were more abundant on trees with many young leaves or flowers than on trees lacking young leaves and flowers. At least a few flower‐visiting chrysomelids were observed feeding on young dipterocarp leaves and visiting young leaves and flowers of non‐dipterocarps in the canopy during non‐GFP. All results consistently suggest that chrysomelids are able to survive flowerless periods by feeding on the young leaves of dipterocarps and on the young leaves and flowers of non‐dipterocarps; through this alternate feeding, chrysomelid populations are maintained at sufficient levels to function as effective pollinators of trees that flower during GFP.
Dynamical evolution of the mass function and radial profile of the Galactic globular cluster system
Authors: Shin Jihye , Kim Sungsoo S. , Takahashi Koji 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Evolution of the mass function (MF) and radial distribution (RD) of the Galactic globular cluster (GC) system is calculated using an advanced and a realistic Fokker–Planck (FP) model that considers dynamical friction, disc/bulge shocks and eccentric cluster orbits. We perform hundreds of FP calculations with different initial cluster conditions, and then search a wide-parameter space for the best-fitting initial GC MF and RD that evolves into the observed present-day Galactic GC MF and RD. By allowing both MF and RD of the initial GC system to vary, which is attempted for the first time in the present Letter, we find that our best-fitting models have a higher peak mass for a lognormal initial MF and a higher cut-off mass for a power-law initial MF than previous estimates, but our initial total masses in GCs, MT,i= 1.5–1.8 × 108 M⊙, are comparable to previous results. Significant findings include that our best-fitting lognormal MF shifts downward by 0.35 dex during the period of 13 Gyr, and that our power-law initial MF models well-fit the observed MF and RD only when the initial MF is truncated at ≳105 M⊙. We also find that our results are insensitive to the initial distribution of orbit eccentricity and inclination, but are rather sensitive to the initial concentration of the clusters and to how the initial tidal radius is defined. If the clusters are assumed to be formed at the apocentre while filling the tidal radius there, MT,i can be as high as 6.9 × 108 M⊙, which amounts to ∼75 per cent of the current mass in the stellar halo.
A new algorithm for difference image analysis
Authors: Bramich D. M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
In the context of difference image analysis (DIA), we present a new method for determining the convolution kernel matching a pair of images of the same field. Unlike the standard DIA technique which involves modelling the kernel as a linear combination of basis functions, we consider the kernel as a discrete pixel array and solve for the kernel pixel values directly using linear least squares. The removal of basis functions from the kernel model is advantageous for a number of compelling reasons. First, it removes the need for the user to specify such functions, which makes for a much simpler user application and avoids the risk of an inappropriate choice. Secondly, basis functions are constructed around the origin of the kernel coordinate system, which requires that the two images are perfectly aligned for an optimal result. The pixel kernel model is sufficiently flexible to correct for image misalignments, and in the case of a simple translation between images, image resampling becomes unnecessary. Our new algorithm can be extended to spatially varying kernels by solving for individual pixel kernels in a grid of image subregions and interpolating the solutions to obtain the kernel at any one pixel.
The mass—metallicity relation of interacting galaxies
Authors: Michel-Dansac Leo , Lambas Diego G. , Alonso M. Sol , Tissera Patricia 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
We study the mass–metallicity relation of galaxies in pairs and in isolation taken from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-Data Release 4 (SDSS-DR4) using the stellar masses and oxygen abundances derived by Tremonti et al. Close galaxy pairs, defined by projected separation rp &lt; 25 kpc h−1 and radial velocity ΔV &lt; 350 km s−1, are morphologically classified according to the strength of the interaction signs. We find that only for pairs showing signs of strong interactions, the mass–metallicity relation differs significantly from that of galaxies in isolation. In such pairs, the mean gas-phase oxygen abundances of galaxies with low stellar masses (M*≲ 109 M⊙h−1) exhibit an excess of 0.2 dex. Conversely, at larger masses (M*≳ 1010 M⊙h−1) galaxies have a systematically lower metallicity, although with a smaller difference (−0.05 dex). Similar trends are obtained if g-band magnitudes are used instead of stellar masses. In minor interactions, we find that the less massive member is systematically enriched, while a galaxy in interaction with a comparable stellar mass companion shows a metallicity decrement with respect to galaxies in isolation.
We argue that metal-rich starbursts triggered by a more massive component, and inflows of low-metallicity gas induced by comparable or less massive companion galaxies, provide a natural scenario to explain our findings.
RESEARCH ARTICLE: Intravascular Thrombosis in Central Nervous System Malignancies: A Potential Role in Astrocytoma Progression to Glioblastoma
Authors: Tehrani Mahtab , Friedman Theodore M. , Olson Jeffrey J. , Brat Daniel J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe presence of necrosis within a diffuse glioma is a powerful predictor of poor prognosis, yet little is known of its origins. Intravascular thrombosis is a frequent finding in glioblastoma [GBM; World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV] specimens and could potentially be involved in astrocytoma progression to GBM or represent a surrogate marker of GBM histology. We investigated whether intravascular thrombosis was more frequent or prominent in GBM than other central nervous system (CNS) malignancies and considered its prognostic significance in anaplastic astrocytoma (AA; WHO grade III), which lacks necrosis. Histologic sections were examined for thrombosis, necrosis and microvascular hyperplasia from each of 297 CNS tumors, including 103 GBMs, 46 AAs, 20 diffuse astrocytoma (DAs; WHO grade II), eight anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AOs; WHO grade III), 20 oligodendrogliomas (ODs; WHO grade II), 49 metastatic carcinomas (METs), 31 primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) and 20 medulloblastomas (MBs). Among newly diagnosed tumors, thrombosis was present in 92% of GBM resections, significantly greater than other types of CNS malignancies. Of tumors with thrombosis, GBMs had a higher frequency of affected vessels than AAs, DAs, AOs, ODs and MBs, but had a frequency similar to METs and PCNSLs. The sensitivity of thrombosis for the diagnosis of GBM in this set of tumors was 92% and the specificity was 91%. Intravascular thrombosis was uncommon in AAs and was only noted in stereotactic biopsies. This subset of patients had shorter survivals than those AAs without thrombosis. Thus, intravascular thrombosis is more frequent in GBM than other CNS malignancies. When present in AAs, it appears to indicate aggressive clinical behavior.
RESEARCH ARTICLE: Systematic Assessment of BDNF and Its Receptor Levels in Human Cortices Affected by Huntington's Disease
Authors: Zuccato Chiara , Marullo Manuela , Conforti Paola , MacDonald Marcy E , Tartari Marzia , Cattaneo Elena 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOne cardinal feature of Huntington's disease (HD) is the degeneration of striatal neurons, whose survival greatly depends on the binding of cortical brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with high‐affinity (TrkB) and low‐affinity neurotrophin receptors [p75 pan‐neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR)]. With a few exceptions, results obtained in HD mouse models demonstrate a reduction in cortical BDNF mRNA and protein, although autopsy data from a limited number of human HD cortices are conflicting. These studies indicate the presence of defects in cortical BDNF gene transcription and transport to striatum. We provide new evidence indicating a significant reduction in BDNF mRNA and protein in the cortex of 20 HD subjects in comparison with 17 controls, which supports the hypothesis of impaired BDNF production in human HD cortex. Analyses of the BDNF isoforms show that transcription from BDNF promoter II and IV is down‐regulated in human HD cortex from an early symptomatic stage. We also found that TrkB mRNA levels are reduced in caudate tissue but not in the cortex, whereas the mRNA levels of T‐Shc (a truncated TrkB isoform) and p75NTR are increased in the caudate. This indicates that, in addition to the reduction in BDNF mRNA, there is also unbalanced neurotrophic receptor signaling in HD.
Silymarin, a Flavonoid from Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.), Inhibits UV‐induced Oxidative Stress Through Targeting Infiltrating CD11b+ Cells in Mouse Skin†
Authors: Katiyar Santosh K. , Meleth Sreelatha , Sharma Som D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPhytochemicals have shown promise in inhibiting UV‐induced oxidative stress, and therefore are considered as potent inhibitors of UV‐induced oxidative stress‐mediated skin diseases. We have shown previously that topical treatment of silymarin, a flavonoid from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), inhibits UV‐induced oxidative stress in mouse skin. However, the cellular targets responsible for the inhibition of UV‐induced oxidative stress by silymarin are not clearly defined. To address this issue, C3H/HeN mice were UV irradiated (90 mJ cm−2) with or without topical treatment with silymarin (1 mg cm−2 skin area). Mice were killed 48 h later and skin samples collected. Flow cytometric analysis of viable dermal cells revealed that the number of infiltrating CD11b+ cells were the major source of oxidative stress (31.8%) in UV‐irradiated skin compared with non–UV‐exposed skin (0.4%). Treatment of silymarin inhibited UV‐induced oxidative stress through inhibition of infiltrating CD11b+ cells. The analysis of myeloperoxidase also indicated that silymarin significantly (P < 0.001) decreased UV‐induced infiltration of leukocytes, and this effect of silymarin was similar to that of intraperitoneal treatment of mice with monoclonal antibodies to CD11b. The inhibitory effect of silymarin, regardless of whether it is topically treated before or after UV irradiation, was of similar magnitude. Intraperitoneal administration of monoclonal antibodies to CD11b (rat IgG2b) to C3H/HeN mice inhibited UVB‐induced oxidative stress generated by both epidermal and dermal cells as is evident by relative fluorescence intensity of oxidized rhodamine. Similar to the effect of anti‐CD11b, silymarin also inhibited UV‐induced oxidative stress in both epidermal and dermal cells. Further, CD11b+ and CD11b− cell subsets from UV‐treated or silymarin+UV‐treated mice were separated by immunomagnetic cell isolation technique from total epidermal and dermal single cell suspensions and analyzed for reactive oxygen species (ROS)/H2O2 production. Analytic data revealed that CD11b+ cell population from UV‐irradiated skin resulted in significantly higher production of ROS in both epidermis and dermis than CD11b− cell population, and that silymarin inhibited UV‐induced oxidative stress through targeting infiltrating the CD11b+ cell type in the skin.
Inflammatory Doses of UV May Not Be Necessary for Skin Carcinogenesis†
Authors: Halliday Gary M. , Lyons J. Guy 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe UV wavelengths in sunlight are the main cause of skin cancer in humans. Sunlight causes gene mutations, immunosuppression and, at higher doses, inflammation. While it is clear that immunosuppression and gene mutations are essential biologic events via which UV causes skin cancer, the requirement for UV‐induced inflammation is less certain. Both the UVB (290–320 nm) and UVA (320–400 nm) wavebands within sunlight can cause skin cancer, gene mutations and immunosuppression. However, UVB, but not UVA, at realistic doses can cause inflammation, and UVB induces skin cancer, immunosuppression and gene mutations at doses much lower than those required to cause inflammation. Inflammation enhances skin carcinogenesis, but may not be UV induced, and inflammatory mediators at doses too low to cause inflammation may be required. UV‐induced mutations can cause epidermal cells to make proinflammatory factors or to induce them in the surrounding stroma, creating an oxidizing environment in which additional oncogenic mutations are likely to take place, even in the absence of UV. Our hypothesis is therefore that subinflammatory doses of both UVA and UVB cause benign skin tumors. One of the effects of sunlight‐induced mutations may be the production of inflammatory mediators that enhance carcinogenesis.
Protection from Sunburn with β‐Carotene—A Meta‐analysis†
Authors: Köpcke Wolfgang , Krutmann Jean 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNutritional protection against skin damage from sunlight is increasingly advocated to the general public, but its effectiveness is controversial. In this meta‐analysis, we have systematically reviewed the existing literature on human supplementation studies on dietary protection against sunburn by beta‐carotene. A review of literature until June 2007 was performed in PubMed, ISI Web of Science and EBM Cochrane library and identified a total of seven studies which evaluated the effectiveness of β‐carotene in protection against sunburn. Data were abstracted from these studies by means of a standardized data collection protocol. The subsequent meta‐analysis showed that (1) β‐carotene supplementation protects against sunburn and (2) the study duration had a significant influence on the effected size. Regression plot analysis revealed that protection required a minimum of 10 weeks of supplementation with a mean increase of the protective effect of 0.5 standard deviations with every additional month of supplementation. Thus, dietary supplementation of humans with β‐carotene provides protection against sunburn in a time‐dependent manner.
Understanding Signaling Cascades in Melanoma†
Authors: Lopez‐Bergami Pablo , Fitchman Boris , Ronai Ze’ev 
Published: March 2008

AbstractUnderstanding regulatory pathways involved in melanoma development and progression has advanced significantly in recent years. It is now appreciated that melanoma is the result of complex changes in multiple signaling pathways that affect growth control, metabolism, motility and the ability to escape cell death programs. Here we review the major signaling pathways currently known to be deregulated in melanoma with an implication to its development and progression. Among these pathways are Ras, B‐Raf, MEK, PTEN, phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3Ks) and Akt which are constitutively activated in a significant number of melanoma tumors, in most cases due to genomic change. Other pathways discussed in this review include the [Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), transforming growth factor‐β pathways which are also activated in melanoma, although the underlying mechanism is not yet clear. As a paradigm for remodeled signaling pathways, melanoma also offers a unique opportunity for targeted drug development.
Naringenin Protects HaCaT Human Keratinocytes Against UVB‐induced Apoptosis and Enhances the Removal of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers from the Genome†
Authors: El‐Mahdy Mohamed A. , Zhu Qianzheng , Wang Qi‐En , Wani Gulzar , Patnaik Srinivas , Zhao Qun , Arafa El‐Shaimaa , Barakat Bassant , Mir Safita N. , Wani Altaf A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMany naturally occurring agents are believed to protect against UV‐induced skin damage. In this study, we have investigated the effects of naringenin (NG), a naturally occurring citrus flavonone, on the removal of UVB‐induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) from the genome and apoptosis in immortalized p53‐mutant human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The colony‐forming assay shows that treatment with NG significantly increases long‐term cell survival after UVB irradiation. NG treatment also protects the cells from UVB‐induced apoptosis, as indicated by the absence of the 180 base pair DNA ladders and the appearance of sub‐G1 peak using agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. The UVB‐induced poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) cleavage, caspase activation and Bax/Bcl2 ratio were modulated following NG treatment, indicating an antiapoptotic effect of NG in UVB‐damaged cells that occurs at least in part via caspase cascade pathway. Moreover, treatment of UVB‐irradiated HaCaT cells with NG enhances the removal of CPD from the genome, as observed by both direct quantitation of CPD in genomic DNA and immuno‐localization of the damage within the nuclei. The study provides a molecular basis for the action of NG as a promising natural flavonoid in preventing skin aging and carcinogenesis.