bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the link between body checking cognitions and behaviors: The role of social physique anxiety
Authors: Haase Anne M. , Mountford Victoria , Waller Glenn 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjective:Recent evidence supports the utility of a model where body checking cognitions and behaviors influence disordered eating. It can be hypothesized that emotional states might explain the links between checking cognitions and behaviors. Social physique anxiety is associated with disordered eating and is an important form of affect to consider in this model. This study aims to examine the associations between these variables, testing a mediational model of the role of social physique anxiety in the links between body checking cognitions and behaviors.Method:A nonclinical group of 292 women completed well‐validated measures of social physique anxiety, body checking cognitions, and body checking behaviors.Results:The data were compatible with a model where social physique anxiety partially mediates the relationship between body checking cognitions and body checking behavior. The combination of cognitions and affect explained a significant proportion of variance in body checking behavior.Conclusion:Incorporating affect allows for a more comprehensive model of understanding the antecedent factors of body checking behaviors. The impact of body checking cognitions on physique anxiety might serve to drive the repetitive body checking behaviors, potentially contributing to disordered eating. Interventions for body checking might be more effective if they included an affective treatment component. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Handedness differences in body image distortion and eating disorder symptomatology
Authors: Christman Stephen D. , Bentle Michelle , Niebauer Christopher L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjective:Previous research has shown decreased access in strong right‐handers to processes lateralized to the right cerebral hemisphere. The current studies tested the hypothesis that decreased access to right hemisphere processes, as indexed by increasing strength of right‐hand preference, is associated with deficits in body image representation.Method:Experiment 1 measured individual's perceived versus actual BMI values. Experiment 2 involved the administration of the Eating Disorders Inventory‐2 (EDI‐2).Results:Experiment 1 revealed that strong right‐handedness was associated with a larger discrepancy between actual and perceived BMI, relative to mixed‐handedness. In Experiment 2, strong‐handers scored higher on the EDI‐2 than did mixed‐handers.Conclusion:The results indicate that strong degrees of handedness are associated with deficits in accurate representation of body image and with increased eating disorder symptomatology in a nonclinical sample. Implications for research into the neural bases of eating disorders are discussed. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
The Hydrothermal Synthesis of Transition Metal Complex Templated Octamolybdates
Authors: Pavani Katikaneani , Lofland Samuel E. , Ramanujachary Kandalam V. , Ramanan Arunachalam 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe hydrothermal reaction of an aqueous ammonium heptamolybdate solution with cobalt or copper metal salts in the presence of imidazole (imi) or pyrazole (pz) in the temperature range 120–180 °C and at autogenous pressure yields four fully oxidized metal‐complex‐templated octamolybdates, namely [{CuI(imi)2}4(imi)2Mo8O26]·4H2O (1), (Himi)2[{CuII(imi)2}2Mo8O27] (2), [{CoII(pz)4}2(pz)2Mo8O26] (3), and [{CuII(pz)4}2Mo8O26]·2H2O (4). The single‐phase nature of the solids was established by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 are neutral composite solids – 1 is a discrete molecular unit while 3 and 4 are 2D sheets. Compound 2 consists of anionic chains with imidazolium counter cations. The influence of the metal complex and temperature of the hydrothermal reaction on the formation of the different hybrid solids built of octamolybdate clusters is discussed. We also provide plausible mechanisms for the self‐assembly of the crystals in terms of supramolecular organization between metal complexes and soluble molybdenum precursors in the initial stages of the reaction. The magnetic properties of 2, 3, and 4 confirm the presence of Cu and Co in the divalent state with no appreciable long‐range order down to 5 K, whereas 1 is diamagnetic.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Glucose Biosensor Mediated by 1,2‐Diferrocenylethane in a Sono‐Gel Composite Electrode
Authors: Ballarin Barbara , Cassani Maria Cristina , Mazzoni Rita , Scavetta Erika , Trioschi Gabriele , Tonelli Domenica 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAn amperometric glucose biosensor was constructed based on a renewable carbon composite sono‐gel matrix incorporating 1,2‐diferrocenylethane as electron transfer mediator between the electrode and the active site of glucose oxidase. The enzyme was immobilized on the electrode surface by cross‐linking with glutaraldehyde and bovine serum albumin. The process parameters for the fabrication of the biosensor and the influence of various experimental conditions (i.e., pH, temperature, operating potential) were investigated. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometric measurements were used to study the response of the glucose sensor, which displayed fast response time and good reproducibility. The analytical performances and the apparent Michaelis‐Menten constant of the biosensor were evaluated.
Microchip free‐flow electrophoresis on glass substrate using laser‐printing toner as structural material
Authors: de Jesus Dosil Pereira , Blanes Lucas , do Lago Claudimir Lucio 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this work, a microfluidic free‐flow electrophoresis device, obtained by thermal toner transferring on glass substrate, is presented. A microdevice can be manufactured in only 1 h. The layout of the microdevice was designed in order to improve the fluidic and electrical characteristics. The separation channel is 8 μm deep and presents an internal volume of 1.42 μL. The deleterious electrolysis effects were overcome by using a system that isolates the electrolysis products from the separation channel. The Joule heating dissipation in the separation channel was found to be very efficient up to a current density of 8.83 mA/mm2 that corresponds to a power dissipation per unit volume of running electrolyte of 172 mW/μL. Promising results were obtained in the evaluation of the microdevices for the separation of ionic dyes. The microfluidic device can be used for a continuous sample pretreatment step for micro total analysis system.
DNA damage induced in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by industrial solid waste and municipal sludge leachates
Authors: Bakare Adekunle A. , Pandey Alok K. , Bajpayee Mahima , Bhargav Devyani , Chowdhuri Debapratim Kar , Singh Kunwar P. , Murthy Ramesh C. , Dhawan Alok 
Published: December 2006

AbstractExposure of humans to toxic compounds occurs mostly in the form of complex mixtures. Leachates, consisting of mixtures of many chemicals, are a potential risk to human health. In the present study, leachates of solid wastes from a polyfiber factory (PFL), an aeronautical plant (AEL), and a municipal sludge leachate (MSL) were assessed for their ability to induce DNA damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using the alkaline Comet assay. The leachates also were examined for their physical and chemical properties. Lymphocytes were incubated with 0.5–15.0% concentrations (pH range 7.1–7.4) of the test leachates for 3 hr at 37°C, and treatment with 1 mM ethyl methanesulfonate served as a positive control. All three leachates induced significant (P < 0.05), concentration‐dependent increases in DNA damage compared with the negative control, as measured by increases in Olive tail moment (arbitrary units), tail DNA (%), and tail length (μm). A comparison of these variables among the treatment groups indicated that the MSL induced the most DNA damage. Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry analysis of the leachates indicated that they contained high concentrations of heavy metals, viz. iron, manganese, nickel, zinc, cadmium, chromium, and lead. The individual, synergistic, or antagonistic effects of these chemicals in the leachates may be responsible for the DNA damage. Our data indicate that the ever‐increasing amounts of leachates from waste landfill sites have the potential to induce DNA damage and suggest that the exposure of human populations to these leachates may lead to adverse health effects. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A relaxation multiresolution scheme for accelerating realistic two‐phase flows calculations in pipelines
Authors: Andrianov N. , Coquel F. , Postel M. , Tran Q. H. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe wish to demonstrate that it is judicious to combine various existing computational techniques that appeared for academic cases in seemingly unrelated areas, namely, semi‐implicit relaxation schemes for hyperbolic systems and adaptive multiresolution algorithms, in order to achieve fast and accurate simulations of realistic two‐phase flows problems in oil transportation. By ‘realistic’ we mean problems that are modelled by partial differential equation (PDE) systems closed by sophisticated thermodynamics and hydrodynamics laws, set out over a terrain‐induced geometry and associated with time‐dependent boundary conditions. Although the combination of these techniques is not a straightforward matter, it is made possible via a careful examination of the objectives of the simulation problem and suitable adaptations of which we shall give the details. Significant benchmarks demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computation of 2D Navier–Stokes equations with moving interfaces by using GMRES
Authors: Wang Jin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel numerical algorithm to compute two‐dimensional (2D) viscous interfacial flows governed by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations together with interfacial conditions. The essential idea is to use the generalized minimum residual (GMRES) method to efficiently solve the large algebraic system resulting from the temporal and spatial discretizations. With this algorithm, moving interfaces can be captured with high accuracy and viscous effects on wave motion can be studied in detail. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of the Addition of SDC on the Performance of a LSCN Anode
Authors: Li S. , Wang S. , Wang Y. , Nie H. , Wen T.‐L. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract50 wt.‐% of Ce0.8Sm0.2O2 (SDC) is added to La0.85Sr0.15Cr0.9 Ni0.1O3 (LSCN) to investigate its use as an alternative anode for solid oxide fuel cells, especially for hydrocarbon fuels. When LSCN is mixed and sintered together with SDC or YSZ at 1,500 °C for 12 h, no obvious second phase is observed from the XRD patterns. Although the conductivity of LSCN‐SDC is lower than LSCN, the polarization overpotential is reduced by a factor of 10. The mixed electronic‐ionic conductivity of SDC enlarges the reaction zone and improves the catalytic activity of the anode. The interface bonding between LSCN and the YSZ electrolyte is also modified by the nanometer SDC. An improved output performance on a self supported SOFC (LSCN‐SDC/YSZ/PSM‐YSZ) is obtained with H2 fuel compared with CH4 fuel.
Structure and Local Reactivity of Supported Catalyst/Nafion® Layers studied by in‐situ STM
Authors: Hiesgen R. , Eberhardt D. , Aleksandrova E. , Friedrich K. A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe electrodes are crucial components for fuel cells, since this is where the electrochemical reactions take place. In order to provide an insight into the structure/activity relationships of the rather complex electrodes, a high‐resolution measuring technique, based on a scanning tunneling microscope operating in an electrochemical cell, has been developed. The structure of the electrode surface can be imaged from the microscale to the nanoscale, under conditions quite close to those in a working fuel cell. The relative reactivity is measured by using the STM tip as a sensor electrode for the ORR. Here, the first results of the surface structure of the electrode materials are presented, as well as measurements of the local reduction current, related to the oxygen reduction reaction, giving a relative measure for the local reactivity.
Preparation and Characterization of Stable Ionomers and Ionomer Membranes for Fuel Cells
Authors: Mitov S. , Vogel B. , Roduner E. , Zhang H. , Zhu X. , Gogel V. , Jörissen L. , Hein M. , Xing D. , Schönberger F. , Kerres J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMembranes based on sulfonated arylene polymers and their cross‐linked blends were prepared. Embedding the ionomers into textile or porous PTFE matrix and/or doping with ZrP nanoparticles reduced the swelling, and improved the thermal stability. PTFE reinforcement led to an excellent single cell performance, which is promising for PEMFC applications. Some of the membranes performed better than Nafion®. The net methanol crossover correlates with the membrane thickness and composition, but surprisingly, suppression of the methanol crossover alone, does not enhance U/I performance. ESR experiments of oxidative degradation of the monomer by OH• at pH > 10 leads to phenoxyl and semi‐quinone radicals. The study focuses on the case where O2•– or 1O2 are the damaging species, i.e. above pH 11.7, and the dominant reaction is that involving the aromatic ring. Under conditions of fuel starvation, the acid protons get depleted, which may lead to high local pH values, even in an overall acidic environment. It is therefore important to be aware of the entirely different form of degradation chemistry at high pH. In the presence of both HO• radicals and oxygen, complete degradation of the aromatic rings can be observed, within hours. In view of this, perfluorinated membranes are more inert. Cross‐linked arylene polymer blend membranes and PTFE‐reinforced arylene ionomer membranes can be regarded as promising for further development, due to their high stability and excellent PEMFC performance.
Mental disorders and asthma in the elderly: a population‐based study
Authors: Ng Tze‐Pin , Chiam Peak‐Chiang , Kua Ee‐Heok 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundClinical studies have mostly linked anxiety disorders with asthma in young patients, but the data are inconsistent for depression. Few population‐based studies have investigated the co‐morbid diagnoses of mental disorders with asthma in older adults.MethodCross‐sectional study of a population sample of older adults aged 60 and above (n = 1092). The diagnoses of recent depression and anxiety were made using the Geriatric Mental State (GMS) Schedule. The presence of asthma was ascertained by self‐reports of physician‐diagnosed asthma.ResultsAsthma was associated with a higher prevalence of depressive disorders, with odds ratio of 2.45 (95% CI, 1.06–5.69) when compared against non‐asthmatic controls; and 2.42 (95% CI, 1.04–5.64) when compared against controls with other chronic illnesses, after adjusting for psychosocial factors, physical co‐morbidity and use of depression‐causing drugs. Odds ratios were elevated but statistically insignificant for anxiety disorders and dementia.ConclusionWe observed that asthma in the elderly was more evidently associated co‐morbidly with depression, rather than anxiety disorder. However, possible associations with anxiety and dementia are not excluded, and should be further investigated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliability and validity of a short form of the Severe Impairment Battery in Korean Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Ahn Inn‐Sook , Kim Ji‐Hae , Saxton Judith , Kim Doh Kwan 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a short form of the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) for a Korean population. Eighty‐four Alzheimer's disease patients with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) stages 2 (n = 32) or 3 (n = 52) and scores of less than 15 on the Korean version‐Mini Mental State Examination (K‐MMSE) participated in this study. Seventeen of the patients were men and 67 were women, and the mean age was 75 (SD = 10.4). Cronbach's coefficient alpha of the shortened SIB (SIB‐S) was 0.93, and the item‐total correlation was significant. Test–retest correlation for the total SIB‐S score and subscale scores was significant, with the exception of the ‘orienting to name’ subscale. Construct validity was confirmed by evaluating the correlation between the SIB‐S and the SIB, K‐MMSE, CDR, and S‐ADL; Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.96, 0.88, −0.67, and −0.63, respectively, which were found to be significant. The difference in the total SIB‐S score and its subscale scores between the CDR 2 and CDR 3 groups was significant, except for the ‘orienting to name’ subscale. More severely demented patients also showed a wide range of the SIB‐S score. Finally, the diagnostic accuracy of the SIB‐S was high (AUC = 89.5%) in the differentiation of the CDR 2 and 3 patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the SIB‐S were 91% and 80%, respectively, when the cut‐off score was 32.5. Our results indicate that the SIB‐S is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating patients with severe dementia in the Korean population. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elderly suicide in primary care
Authors: Tadros George , Salib Emad 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundPrimary care is probably the most suitable setting to start a strategy for suicide prevention for the elderly especially as more people are seen before committing suicide in primary care than in secondary care.AimThis study examines the nature of complaints and timing of presentation to general practitioners by suicide victims in their last GP consultation, comparing persons aged 65 and over with those aged between 18 and 64.MethodsDetails of all cases of suicide verdict and open verdict, which were returned in inquests, held at the Coroner's Court of Birmingham and Solihull, between January 1995 and December 1999 were reviewed. The study provided a comparison between older people (65+) and younger adults.ResultsOlder people had more physical illness, and were more likely to have seen their GP in the 6 months before suicide. Younger adults presented with more psychiatric symptoms, while older adults presented with more physical symptoms. Complaints to the GP in the last consultation were significantly different between the two age groups. Older people are more commonly present with physical pain and depression.ConclusionsThe study found that elderly suicide victims had different characteristics and attributes from those of younger adults presenting to primary care. This difference may have implications for suicide research, training of primary care staff and suicide prevention programmes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composite analytical solutions for a soil vapour extraction system
Authors: Chen Jui‐Sheng , Liang Ching‐Ping , Chen Chih‐Yu , Liu Chen‐Wuing 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSoil vapour extraction (SVE) is a common remediation technique for cleaning up unsaturated soils contaminated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Analytical solutions, which result from simple mathematical models, can allow the fast approximation of the time‐dependent effluent concentration and the gaining of insight into the processes that take place during soil remediation. Deriving the analytical solutions to advection–dispersion equations that simultaneously take into account the mechanical dispersion and molecular diffusion is very difficult because of the variable dependence of governing equations' coefficients. In this study, we first present two simplified analytical solutions that only consider mechanical dispersion or molecular diffusion. The two developed analytical solutions are compared with the numerical solution that simultaneously considers both mechanical dispersion and molecular diffusion to examine the applicability of the two simplified analytical solutions and distinguishes the individual contribution of the mechanical dispersion and molecular diffusion to total VOCs transport in an SVE system. Results show that dispersion plays an important role during SVE decontamination and neither the diffusion‐dominated solution nor the dispersion‐dominated solution can agree well with the numerical solution when both mechanical dispersion and molecular diffusion have significant contributions to the total VOCs transport flux. A composite analytical solution that linearly couples the diffusion‐ and dispersion‐dominated analytical solutions, which is proposed herein to eliminate the discrepancy between the analytical solutions and the numerical solution. Results indicate that the proposed composite analytical solution agrees well with the numerical solution and is an effective tool for quickly and accurately evaluating the time‐dependent effluent concentration for parameters of the different ranges of interest in an SVE remedial system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression parameters of the inhibitors of apoptosis cIAP1 and cIAP2 in renal cell carcinomas and their prognostic relevance
Authors: Kempkensteffen Carsten , Hinz Stefan , Christoph Frank , Köllermann Jens , Krause Hans , Schrader Mark , Schostak Martin , Miller Kurt , Weikert Steffen 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family members cIAP1 and cIAP2 have been shown to be altered in various cancer entities. This study was done to characterize the tumor‐related expression profile of cIAP1 and cIAP2 in patients with renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and to evaluate its potential predictive value after curative resection. Expression of cIAP1 and cIAP2 was analyzed by real‐time RT‐PCR in RCC and corresponding normal tissue samples obtained from a cohort of 127 RCC patients (median follow‐up: 48 months) undergoing surgical treatment. Expression data was correlated to histopathological variables and outcome. Overexpression of cIAP1 and cIAP2 occurred in most RCC specimens (p < 0.001), but 20% of the patients had lower cIAP levels in malignant than in normal tissue. The cIAP1 expression correlated with the tumor stage, levels being higher in pT1 tumors than in advanced pathological stages (p = 0.002). Decreased cIAP1 expression in RCC relative to paired normal samples predicted an abbreviated time to recurrence (hazard rate 2.96; 95% CI: 1.23–7.09) and tumor‐specific survival (hazard rate 2.78; 95% CI: 1.22–6.38) irrespective of the tumor stage and grade. The prognostic effect of cIAP1 was most pronounced in patients with pT3 disease (log rank test p = 0.001). The results of uni‐ and multivariate analysis suggest a prognostic value of cIAP1 expression for RCC patients, downregulation indicating an aggressive, potentially lethal phenotype. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.