bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving cotton yield and fiber quality in different tropical soils with boron fertilization
Authors: Cordeiro Luis Fernando dos Santos , Malenowtch João Vitor Cordeiro , Cordeiro Carlos Felipe dos Santos , Detoni Filho José Ari Castilho , Furlani Júnior Enes , Ferrari Samuel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is responsive to boron (B) fertilization when there is low soil availability, but the best source and rate to be used and whether this response is dependent on soil texture are still unknown. This study aimed to adjust boron fertilization for cotton as a function of the production environment and B source used. Two field experiments were conducted in the 2020/2021 season in Chapadão do Sul, MS (clayey soil—adequate B content) and Dracena, SP (sandy soil—low B content), Brazil. Treatments consisted of B sources (ulexite [low solubility], borax pentahydrate [BP] [intermediate solubility], and boric acid [BA] [high solubility]), and B rates (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 kg ha−1) applied to the soil at 25 days after plant emergence. In sandy soil with low B content, application of 2 (high and medium solubility sources) and 4 kg B ha−1 (low solubility source) improved fiber yield between 10% (210 kg ha−1 fiber) and 28% (555 kg ha−1), respectively, as well as micronaire index, strength, elongation, uniformity, and short fibers. Application of B greater than 4 kg ha−1 via soluble sources reduced (between 9% (175 kg ha−1)—BP and 14% (257 kg ha−1)—BA) fiber yield only in sandy soil. When B content in the soil is adequate, B fertilization did not improve yield, but increased fiber strength (4%—1.1 g tex−1) and reduced the short fiber index (16%) by applying 1 kg B ha−1, regardless of the source used. The highest fiber yields were obtained with leaf B contents between 12 and 17 mg kg−1 (sandy soil) and 25 and 27 mg kg−1 (clayey soil). We recommend applying 2 kg B ha−1 (solubility sources) and 4 kg B ha−1 (low solubility source) in sandy soils with low B content to improve yield and fiber quality, and 1 kg B ha−1 in clayey soil with adequate B content to improve fiber quality and replace B amounts removed through harvesting.
Synthesis and Reactivity of the [NCCCO]− Cyanoketenate Anion
Authors: Wang Tongtong , Guo Zhuangzhuang , English Laura E. , Stephan Douglas W. , Jupp Andrew R. , Xu Maotong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCyanoketene is a fundamental molecule that is actively being searched for in the interstellar medium. Its deprotonated form (cyanoketenate) is a heterocumulene that is isoelectronic to carbon suboxide whose structure has been the subject of debate. However, the investigation of cyanoketene and its derivatives is hampered by the lack of practical synthetic routes to these compounds. We report the first synthesis of the cyanoketenate anion in [K(18‐crown‐6)][NCCCO] (1) as a stable molecule on a multigram scale in excellent yields (>90 %). The structure of this molecule is probed crystallographically and computationally. We also explore the protonation of 1, and its reaction with triphenylsilylchloride and carbon dioxide. In all cases, anionic dimers are formed. The cyanoketene could be synthesized and crystallographically characterized when stabilized by a N‐heterocyclic carbene. The cyanoketenate is a very useful unsaturated building block containing N, C and O atoms that can now be explored with relative ease and will undoubtedly unlock more interesting reactivity.
A 3D Hierarchical Host with Gradient‐Distributed Dielectric Properties toward Dendrite‐free Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Zhang Yueying , Yao Meng , Wang Tuan , Wu Hao , Zhang Yun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe conventional conductive three‐dimensional (3D) host fails to effectively stabilize lithium metal anodes (LMAs) due to the internal incongruity arising from nonuniform lithium‐ion gradient and uniform electric fields. This results in undesirable Li “top‐growth” behavior and dendritic Li growth, significantly impeding the practical application of LMAs. Herein, we construct a 3D hierarchical host with gradient‐distributed dielectric properties (GDD‐CH) that effectively regulate Li‐ion diffusion and deposition behavior. It comprises a 3D carbon fiber host modified by layer‐by‐layer bottom‐up attenuating Sb particles, which could promote Li‐ion homogeneously distribution and reduce ion concentration gradient via unique gradient dielectric polarization. Sb transforms into superionic conductive Li3Sb alloy during cycling, facilitating Li‐ion dredging and pumps towards the bottom, dominating a bottom‐up deposition regime confirmed by COMSOL Multiphysics simulations and physicochemical characterizations. Consequently, a stable cycling performance of symmetrical cells over 2000 h under a high current density of 10 mA cm−2 is achieved. The GDD‐CH‐based lithium metal battery shows remarkable cycling stability and ultra‐high energy density of 378 Wh kg−1 with a low N/P ratio (1.51). This strategy of dielectric gradient design broadens the perspective for regulating the Li deposition mechanism and paves the way for developing high‐energy‐density lithium metal anodes with long durability.
An Ultralow‐concentration and Moisture‐resistant Electrolyte of Lithium Difluoro(oxalato)borate in Carbonate Solvents for Stable Cycling in Practical Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Zhishan , Hou Wentao , Tian Haoran , Qiu Qian , Ullah Irfan , Qiu Shen , Sun Wei , Yu Qian , Yuan Jinliang , Xia Lan , Wu Xianyong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe electrolyte concentration not only impacts the battery performance but also affects the battery cost and manufacturing. Currently, most studies focus on high‐concentration (>3 M) or localized high‐concentration electrolytes (~1 M); however, the expensive lithium salt imposes a major concern. Most recently, ultralow concentration electrolytes (<0.3 M) have emerged as intriguing alternatives for battery applications, which feature low cost, low viscosity, and extreme‐temperature operation. However, at such an early development stage, many works are urgently needed to further understand the electrolyte properties. Herein, we introduce an ultralow concentration electrolyte of 2 wt % (0.16 M) lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) in standard carbonate solvents. This electrolyte exhibits a record‐low salt/solvent mass ratio reported to date, thus pointing to a superior low cost. Furthermore, this electrolyte is highly compatible with commercial Li‐ion materials, forming stable and inorganic‐rich interphases on the lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) cathode and graphite anode. Consequently, the LiCoO2‐graphite full cell demonstrates excellent cycling performance. Besides, this electrolyte is moisture‐resistant and effectively suppresses the generation of hydrogen fluoride, which will markedly facilitate the battery assembly and recycling process under ambient conditions.
Self‐Adaptive Aromatic Cation‐π Driven Dimensional Polymorphism in Supramolecular Polymers for the Photocatalytic Oxidation and Separation of Aromatic/Cyclic Aliphatic Compounds
Authors: Zhang Ju‐An , Chao Yi , Xiao Xuedong , Luo Shuai , Chen Wenzhuo , Tian Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe phenomenon of polymorphism is ubiquitous in nature, the controlled manipulation of which not only increases our ontological understanding of nature but also facilitates the conceptualization and realization of novel functional materials. However, achieving targeted polymorphism in supramolecular assemblies (SAs) remains a formidable challenge, largely because of the constraints inherent in controlling the specific binding motifs of noncovalent interactions. Herein, we propose self‐adaptive aromatic cation‐π binding motifs to construct polymorphic SAs in both the solid and solution states. Using distinct discrete cation‐π‐cation and long‐range cation‐π binding motifs enables control of the self‐assembly directionality of a C2h‐symmetric bifunctional monomer, resulting in the successful formation of both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional crystalline SAs (2D‐CSA and 3D‐CSA). The differences in the molecular packing of 3D‐CSA compared with that of 2D‐CSA significantly improve the charge separation and carrier mobility, leading to enhanced photocatalytic activity for the aerobic oxidation of thioanisole to methyl phenyl sulfoxide (yield of 99 % vs 57 %). 2D‐CSA, which has a vertical extended structure with favorable stronger interaction with toluene though face‐to‐face cation‐π interactions than methylcyclohexane, shows higher toluene/methylcyclohexane separation efficiency than 3D‐CSA (96.9 % for 2D‐CSA vs 56.3 % for 3D‐CSA).
Risk of Venous Thromboembolism With Tofacitinib Versus Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Risk‐Enriched Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Charles‐Schoeman Christina , Fleischmann Roy , Mysler Eduardo , Greenwald Maria , Ytterberg Steven R. , Koch Gary G. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Wang Cunshan , Mikuls Ted R. , Chen All‐shine , Connell Carol A. , Woolcott John C. , Menon Sujatha , Chen Yan , Lee Kristen , Szekanecz Zoltán 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThe ORAL Surveillance trial found a dose‐dependent increase in venous thromboembolism (VTE) and pulmonary embolism (PE) events with tofacitinib versus tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). We aimed to assess VTE incidence over time and explore risk factors of VTE, including disease activity, in ORAL Surveillance.MethodsPatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) aged 50 years or older with at least one additional cardiovascular risk factor received tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily (BID) or TNFi. Post hoc, cumulative probabilities and incidence rates (patients with first events/100 patient‐years) by 6‐month intervals were estimated for adjudicated VTE, deep vein thrombosis, and PE. Cox regression models identified risk factors. Clinical Disease Activity Index leading up to the event was explored in patients with VTE.ResultsCumulative probabilities for VTE and PE were higher with tofacitinib 10 mg BID, but not 5 mg BID, versus TNFi. Incidence rates were consistent across 6‐month intervals within treatments. Across treatments, risk factors for VTE included prior VTE, body mass index greater than or equal to 35 kg/m2, older age, and history of chronic lung disease. At the time of the event, most patients with VTE had active disease as defined by Clinical Disease Activity Index.ConclusionIncidences of VTE and PE were higher with tofacitinib (10 > 5 mg BID) versus TNFi and were generally consistent over time. Across treatments, VTE risk factors were aligned with previous studies in the general RA population. These data highlight the importance of assessing VTE risk factors, including age, body mass index, and VTE history, when considering initiation of tofacitinib or TNFi in patients with active RA.
Observational evidence of the relationship between the tropical tropopause and tropical easterly jet streams over the Indian monsoon region
Authors: Mehta Sanjay Kumar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the first quantitative relationship between the cold point tropopause (CPT) and tropical easterly jet (TEJ) using radiosonde observations over Gadanki (13.45° N, 79.2° E) during the Indian summer monsoon season 2006–2014. CPT and TEJ peak altitudes () show amalgams of two categories of variability on the day‐to‐day scale. In category1 occurs close to and they show in‐phase variation. While in Category2 occurs far apart from and they do not show any relationship. For Category1 and are strongly correlated (0.70), as well as and (CPT temperature) are moderately anticorrelated (−0.55) significant at a 95% confidence level, indicating the dominance of adiabatic processes. Whereas in Category2 and are not significantly anti‐correlated. Thus, when TEJ and CPT are close to each other, it may serve as an indicator for the prevalence of the synoptic‐scale effect.
Social competence in autism: A structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Simmons G. L. , Corbett B. A. , Lerner M. D. , Wofford K. , White S. W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAutistic individuals present with difficulties in social competence (e.g., navigating social interactions and fostering relationships). Clinical interventions widely target social cognition and social behavior, but there is inconsistent understanding of the underlying components of social competence. The present study used structural equation modeling to examine social cognition and social behavior and explore the relationship between these latent constructs. Autistic youth (ages 10–17; n = 219) and their caregivers participated in this study. Constructs of social cognition and social behavior were captured using caregiver‐report and self‐report rating scales, as well as observational measures and direct clinical assessments (e.g., NEPSY‐II). Measurement models of social cognition and social behavior demonstrated adequate to good fit. Correlational models demonstrated adequate to poor fit, indicating latent constructs of social cognition and social behavior are not closely related in autistic youth. Exploratory examination of a subsample of male youth (n = 157) evidenced improved model fit of social behavior, specifically. Findings tease apart social cognition and social behavior as cohesive and separable constructs; results do not support a structural relationship between social cognition and social behavior. Noted treatment implications include consideration of how targeting social cognition and social behavior together or separately may support autistic youth's progress toward reaching their identified therapeutic goals and supporting their self‐directed social development.
Adapting preference assessments and reinforcement schedules to increase mask wearing with adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Houck Elizabeth J. , Dracobly Joseph D. , Smith Richard G. , Bauer Melanie S. , Pelletier Danielle R. , Sanchez Aaron J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNew or infrequently contacted stimuli may present challenges for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Throughout the Covid‐19 pandemic, facemasks emerged as a new stimulus that may cause distress, especially for those who may not understand the need for a mask. Further, the inability to tolerate wearing a facemask could limit safe access to public locations for people with ID and ASD. Most approaches to increasing health routines involve some form of escape extinction, a practice that may not be feasible or safe for some individuals and in some settings. As an alternative, approaches based on adapting stimulus features, including preferences, and positive reinforcement, may produce equally effective interventions. To evaluate this, we first assessed preference of eight adults with ID living in a residential facility, for four different types of facemasks and the standard facility face masks. Access to a variety of masks increased mask‐wearing for two participants. We then evaluated reinforcement schedule manipulations without escape extinction to increase mask wearing for four participants from Study 1. For all four participants, we successfully increased mask wearing using a reinforcement schedule that was sustainable in their everyday environment.
Mesenchymal hepatic hamartoma: A rare case of severe respiratory distress in a neonate
Authors: Omran Kareem , Kannan Jayasheela , Soares Nisha , Ali Sameh , Al Tamr Wissam Jamal 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageIt is critical to consider intra‐abdominal pathology in cases of neonatal respiratory distress. Accurate and prompt diagnosis via computed tomography is lifesaving. We have highlighted the effectiveness of rapid surgical intervention as curative.
Acute myocardial infarction in an untreated patient with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kamoga Doreen , Desikan Sai , Desikan Raman , Musuuza Jackson 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageAcute leukemia, particularly AML, is closely associated with thrombotic events, driven by complex factors like coagulation system changes, endothelial dysfunction, and leukemic cell interactions with the vascular system. Certain chemotherapy drugs can exacerbate the prothrombotic state. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for effective thromboprophylaxis in carefully selected patients with leukemia.AbstractThrombosis is a significant complication of acute leukemia. Thrombotic events mostly occur at diagnosis or during induction therapy. Here we report the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) before initiation of therapy, in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia not otherwise specified (AML NOS) who had no other significant risk factors for coronary artery disease. The occurrence of MI in this patient limited the choice of induction therapy and resulted in mortality. We discuss the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with increased thrombosis in AML and advocate for risk‐adapted thromboprophylaxis in this patient population.
Primary cutaneous plasmacytosis successfully treated with topical corticosteroids and psoralen plus ultraviolet A: A case report
Authors: Nuchanatanon Thanyathorn , Plangsiri Settanan , Rattananukrom Teerapong 
Published: March 2024

Key clinical messageWe present a case of primary cutaneous plasmacytosis without systemic involvement. The patient received topical corticosteroids and psoralen plus ultraviolet A therapy, showing significant improvement. Continuous monitoring is underway despite the rarity of systemic manifestations.
Suspected cutaneous anthrax in a yak herder in a highland community in Bhutan, 2023: A case report
Authors: Chophel Ugyen , Dorji Sangay , Sonam Kuenga , Dorji Thinley 
Published: March 2024

Key clinical messageThis case presents cutaneous anthrax in yak herder from a central highland community in Bhutan. We highlight the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of the case in a resource‐limited setting, and the public health response through the One Health approach.
Small bowel obstruction in a 29‐year‐old male with congenital peritoneal bands: A rare case report from Syria
Authors: Sleiay Mouhammed , Sleiay Bilal , Albaroudi Douha , Alsmoudi Hasan , abshi Mohammad ali , Alaswad Mohammed , Sleiay Abdulazez , Arabi Osama 
Published: March 2024

Key clinical MessageThis case highlights the significance of maintaining clinical suspicion for CPBs in adults presenting with SBO. Early surgical intervention, offering both diagnosis and treatment, is essential for managing this rare cause of SBO. Increased clinical awareness of CPBs will help ensure they are considered in the differential diagnosis of adult patients with bowel obstruction.
Retinitis pigmentosa‐1 due to an RP1 mutation in a consanguineous Iranian family: Report of a novel mutation
Authors: Neissi Mostafa , Sheikh‐Hosseini Motahareh , Mohammadi‐Asl Javad 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe identification of a novel RP1 gene mutation highlights the importance of precise variant identification for retinitis pigmentosa prognosis and genetic consultations, emphasizing comprehensive genetic analysis for personalized care.AbstractOur study unveils a noteworthy association between retinitis pigmentosa‐1 and a newly discovered homozygous mutation (c.5326delC; p.Asp1777Ilefs*32) within the RP1 gene. This highlights the crucial role of accurate variant identification in not only informing prognosis but also improving genetic consultations and influencing future diagnostic approaches for individuals affected by retinitis pigmentosa.
Cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors enhance programmed cell death protein 1 immune checkpoint blockade efficacy in triple‐negative breast cancer by affecting the immune microenvironment
Authors: Wu Jiayi , Wang Wei , Gao Lu , Shao Xiying , Wang Xiaojia 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundClinical studies on programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors for treating triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) have shown unsatisfactory efficacy due to low tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) levels. Inhibitors targeting cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) proteins can affect the immune microenvironment, increase TIL levels, and promote antitumor immunity, thus providing a new direction for TNBC treatment strategies.MethodsThe authors tested three CDK inhibitors on the TNBC cell lines MDA‐MB‐231 and 4T1 and validated their antitumor effects and impact on the immune microenvironment using multiple detection methods. They verified the efficacy and immune‐related mechanisms of different combination therapy experiments in a 4T1 cell‐transplanted BALB/c mouse model.ResultsTreatment with CDK inhibitors for 72 hours inhibited cell proliferation, clone formation, migration, and cell‐cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in human breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells and mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells. CDK inhibitors suppressed DNA methylation by downregulating DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b expression. These three inhibitors promoted the secretion of various chemokines, enhanced tumor cell antigen presentation, and increased PD‐L1 expression. CDK inhibitors improved the efficacy of immunotherapy in animal models and increased TIL levels.ConclusionsCombination therapy with CDK and PD‐L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors affects the immune microenvironment, promotes antitumor immunity, and improves the efficacy of immunotherapy for TNBC.
Nuclear parcellation and numbers of orexinergic neurons in five species of larger brained birds
Authors: Mazengenya Pedzisai , Spocter Muhammad A. , Manger Paul R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe orexinergic/hypocretinergic system, while having several roles, appears to be a key link in the balance between arousal and food intake. In birds, to date, this system has only been examined anatomically in four species, all with brains smaller than 3.5 g and of limited phylogenetic range. Here, using orexin‐A immunohistochemistry, we describe the distribution, morphology, and nuclear parcellation of orexinergic neurons within the hypothalami of a Congo gray and a Timneh gray parrot, a pied crow, an emu, and a common ostrich. These birds represent a broad phylogeny, with brains ranging in size from 7.85 to 26.5 g. Within the hypothalami of the species studied, the orexinergic neurons were organized in two clusters, and a densely packed paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus cluster located within the medial hypothalamus (Hyp), but not contacting the ventricle, and a more loosely packed lateral hypothalamic cluster in the lateral Hyp. Stereological analysis revealed a strong correlation, using phylogenetic generalized least squares regression analyses, between brain mass and the total number of orexinergic neurons, as well as soma parameters such as volume and area. Orexinergic axonal terminals evinced two types of boutons, larger and the smaller en passant boutons. Unlike the orexinergic system in mammals, which has several variances in cluster organization, that of the birds studied, in the present and previous studies, currently shows organizational invariance, despite the differences in brain and body mass, phylogenetic relationships, and life‐histories of the species studied.
Attenuating the Polysulfide Shuttle Mechanism by Separator Coating
Authors: Hirt Sebastian Daniel , Opitz Martin , Kappl Herbert , Hägele Mareike , Sous Pascal , Oberschachtsiek Bernd , Sörgel Seniz , Kaßner Holger , Hoster Harry Ernst 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries have a high energy density but lack cycle stability to reach market maturity. This is mainly due to the polysulfide shuttle mechanism, i. e., the leaching of active material from the cathode into the electrolyte and subsequent side reactions. We demonstrate how to attenuate the polysulfide shuttle by magnetron sputtering molybdenum oxysulfide, manganese oxide, and chromium oxide onto microporous polypropylene separators. The morphology of the amorphous coatings was analyzed by SEM and XRD. Electrochemical cyclization quantified how these coatings improved Coulombic efficiency and cycle stability. These tests were conducted in half cells. We compare the different performances of the different coatings with the known chemical and adsorption properties of the respective coating materials.