bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonrigid object motion and deformation estimation from three‐dimensional data
Authors: Chen Chang Wen , Huang Thomas S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article presents a model‐based approach for nonrigid object motion and deformation analysis from 3D data. The modeling primitives used in this research are the superquadrics, which have already been proven useful in describing a variety of natural and man‐made objects. This model‐based approach is not only in accordance with the human visual perception process but also able to decouple the large and unstructured nonrigid motion estimation system into simple and well structured subsystems. We develop a recursive algorithm for estimating global motion and object shape, which effectively incorporates aprioriknowledge of the object into the estimation procedure and obtains a good estimate of the global motion and object shape even if the given 3D points are distributed bias. After compensating for the global motion of the object a tensor model of local deformation is introduced and a spherical harmonic surface‐fitting algorithm is described such that the localized deformations of the object surface can be characterized. The local deformations of the object are then estimated using tensor‐description‐based analysis and parametrized by the directions and magnitudes of the extreme deformations in a localized surface element. To illustrate the potential of this model‐based approach for nonrigid motion analysis, a real data example is presented using the proposed approach. This example involves estimating the left ventricle motion and deformations from a time sequence of 3D coordinates of coronary artery bifurcation points. The estimation results show the success of the model‐based approach even when the given bifurcation points are distributed only on half of the left ventricle surface.
Optical waveguides for imaging applications: Design by an inverse scattering approach
Authors: Tamil Lakshman S. , Jordan A. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn inverse scattering theory is used to design optical waveguides capable of transmitting spatial images without degradation. The propagation characteristics of N modes each carrying a pixel of the image are specified by a transverse rational reflection coefficient. The Gel'fand‐Levitan‐Marchenko inverse scattering theory is used to obtain the unique solution of the permittivity profile of the waveguide from the reflection coefficient
Intensity‐based computer binocular stereo vision: Signal models and algorithms
Authors: Gimel'farb G. L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article summarizes briefly the results obtained within the symmetrized approach to intensity‐based computer binocular stereo vision, considering it as a problem of optimal statistical estimation of digital terrain model (DTM) from a given stereo pair of images. This approach was proposed by the author in 1972–1979 and then extended to take into account main geometric and photometric characteristics of the binocular stereo vision: symmetry of both channels, nonuniform intensity distortions over the images, limited possibilities for binocular perception of the terrain, and inherent ambiguity of the DTM estimation from the stereo pair.
Simple pinhole camera calibration
Authors: Dawson‐Howe Kenneth M. , Vernon David 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA large number of cameras may be modeled quite accurately using the simple pinhole camera model, which may be defined either in terms of camera parameters or by the c matrix (which defines the mapping from 3D points to the image plane). We present formulations of the associated transformations between these two equivalent representations. We also introduce an inexpensive technique for calibrating a camera using a single two‐plane calibration object, and employ a novel high‐precision Hough transform technique for determinings calibration grid lines.©1994 John Wiley & Sons Inc
Application of ionospheric tomography to single‐site location range estimation
Authors: Bust G. S. , Cook J. A. , Kronschnabl G. R. , Vasicek C. J. , Ward S. B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe estimation of transmitter location based on radio frequency reception at a single site has long been a challenge. The standard technique for location estimation has typically used an active local vertical transmitter (ionosonde) to characterize the local ionosphere for propagation path modeling. A technique that is totally passive and yields a more comprehensive estimate of the propagation path is under development at Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin. This technique uses tomography to describe the two‐dimensional state of the ionosphere over wide ionospheric swaths. ARL:UT deployed an array of Transit satellite receivers in nine locations along a 2000‐km baseline from Pharr, Texas to Pierre, South Dakota. Transit signals received at these nine locations were analyzed using tomography algorithms to estimate the electron density distribution in the plane defined by a “best‐fit” arc through the receiver array and best‐fit arc along the satellite orbital path. Tomographic results were then compared with conventional propagation path estimates obtained using the local ionosonde. Initial results indicate that this completely passive system will provide ionospheric propagation path estimates better than the local ionosonde method.©1994 John Wiley & Sons Inc
High‐resolution interline image sensors using two‐phase CCD technology
Authors: Nichols David N. , Stevens Eric G. , Burkey Bruce C. , Stancampiano Charles V. , Lee Yung‐Rai , Lee Teh‐Hsuang , Kosman Stephen L. , Losee David L. , Lavine J. P. , Torok G. R. , Khosla R. P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo interline, 30 frames/second, high‐resolution image sensors are described that use two‐phase charge coupled device (CCD) technology. One is a two‐megapixel, interlaced high‐definition television, sensor, and the other is a 1‐megapixel, progressive‐scan sensor for machine vision applications. These sensors include features such as dual‐horizontal CCD readout, antiblooming protection, electronic shutter capability, low smear, and no lag.©1994 John Wiley & Sons Inc
Similarities and differences in radiation therapy optimization and tomographic reconstruction
Authors: Brahme Anders 
Published: March 2007

AbstractModern photon radiotherapy optimization methods require the use of a number of nonuniform dose distributions incident on the tumor. From this point of view, radiotherapy optimization has strong similarities with the reconstruction problem in tomographic imaging. In general, the image reconstruction problem is simpler because in the absence of noise and with sufficiently many projections and exact solution always exists. However, it is in general impossible by external beam irradiation to produce an arbitrary desired dose distribution in the patient. This is primarily because the order of events from physical collection of projection data to reconstruction theory is reversed in therapy optimization, starting with the theory and ending with physical irradiation, where negative dose delivery is impossible. Despite this fundamental problem, many approximate image reconstruction methods work quite well for therapy optimization even though strict optimization requires radiobiological models and the finest external beam radiation tool available: the pencil beam.
Spatially adaptive iterative algorithm for the restoration of astronomical images
Authors: Katsaggelos Aggelos K. , Kang Moon Gi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article develops an iterative spatially adaptive regularized image restoration algorithm. The proposed algorithm is based on the minimization of a weighted smoothing functional. The weighting matrices are defined as functions of the partially restored image at each iteration step. As a result, no prior knowledge about the image and the noise is required, but the weighting matrices as well as the regularization parameter are updated based on the restored image at every step. Conditions for the convexity of the weighted smoothing functional and for the convergence of the iterative algorithm are established for a unique global solution which does not depend on initial conditions. Experimental results are shown with astronomical images which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Regularization methods in image restoration: An application to HST images
Authors: Bertero M. , Boccacci P. , Maggio F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe mathematic problem of restoring an image degraded by blurring and noise is ill‐posed, so that the solution is affected by numeric instability. As a consequence, the solution provided by the so‐called inverse filter is completely contaminated by noise and, in general, is deprived of any physical meaning. If one looks for approximate solutions, the ill‐posedness of the problem implies that the set of these solutions is too broad. For this reason, one must look for approximate solutions satisfying some kind of a priori constraints, the so‐called a priori information. This fact explains the variety of methods, usually called regularization methods, which have been designed for solving this kind of problems. In this article we briefly review some of the most widely used methods, both deterministic and probabilistic, and show their effectiveness in the restoration of some HST images.
Speckle imaging in astronomy
Authors: Horch Elliott 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article discusses current research in speckle interferometry and speckle imaging in astronomy. These techniques continue to have a significant impact on problems such as stellar formation, stellar masses, and planetary astronomy. In a regime of increasingly sophisticated and impressive instrumentation designed for high‐resolution imaging, there is still an important role for the single‐aperture passive technique of speckle imaging.
Biosensors: An overview
Authors: Rechnitz Garry A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBiotechnology and biomedicine require improved measurement devices for purposes of analysis, monitoring, and control, with specific applications in fermentation, antibody production, drug testing, and patient monitoring. Electrochemical biosensors provide a possible means of meeting such needs provided the capabilities of such sensors can be extended to a wider range of biomolecules and more complex matrices. Several recent initiatives suggest that some new approaches to the development of potentiometric and amperometric biosensors may be effective for this purpose. Such initiatives for the development of novel biosensors require a synthesis of biological and analytical concepts. Possible strategies involve the use of chemoreceptor structures, immunoagents, and cellular materials from plant or animal sources.
Comparison of phenotyping and genotyping of lymphoid neoplasms
Authors: Sun Tsieh , Eisenberg Arthur , Benn Peter , Ngu Mei , Guarino Theresa , Henshall Joan , Grossman Abraham , Cuomo Joanne , Vinciguerra Vincent 
Published: March 2007

AbstractComparison of phenotyping (PT) and genotyping (GT) of lymphoid neoplasms was performed on 51 specimens including lymph nodes, bone marrows, and body fluids. PT was performed with a flow cytometer using a large monoclonal antibody panel. GT included the testing for gene rearrangements of heavy chain, κ and λ light chains, and T‐cell receptor β‐chain genes with DNA probes. The results obtained from these two techniques were generally compatible in terms of clonality and cell lineage. Only one case of B‐cell lymphoma was not diagnosed by PT but showed gene rearrangement. For T‐cell lymphoma, GT offers a more definitive diagnosis than does PT. Biclonality was demonstrated in one case of hairy cell leukemia by GT only. The rearranged band also offers a definitive clonal identification based on electrophoretic mobility. GT can detect a monoclonal population as small as 5% and can be performed on old or fresh specimens. PT requires 20% abnormal cells and a fresh specimen. It is concluded that GT is superior to PT for lymphoid tumor diagnosis, but it should be reserved as a supplementary test at this stage because of its technical complexity.
Effects of storage conditions on lymphocyte phenotypes from healthy and diseased persons
Authors: Claramae H. , Miller H. , Levy Norman B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAnticoagulant and room temperature storage of peripheral blood was evaluated in healthy and diseased persons (AIDS and CLL) for its effect upon lymphocyte phenotyping by flow cytometry. Whole blood was stored in either Li heparin, EDTA, or ACD for up to 96 hours. Aliquots at 5 time intervals were evaluated using CD3, CD2, CD4, CD8, and CD19 monoclonal antibodies.Blood from healthy donors stored in EDTA produced an apparent increase in T cells and decrease in B cells most evident by 96 hours storage. Blood from diseased persons stored in Li heparin up to 96 hours showed insufficient changes in phenotype to warrant a different clinical interpretation.We conclude that all three anticoagulants are adequate for short term (< 24 hr) room temperature transport and storage of peripheral blood for flow cytometry. Li heparin or ACD are more appropriate if prolonged transport times are anticipated.
Alterations of nonspecific immunity in patients with common migraine
Authors: Covelli Vito , Maffione Angela B. , Munno Irene , Jirillo Emilio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn 23 patients with common migraine (CM), immune responsiveness and frequency of immunocompetent cells were investigated. In particular, phagocytosis and killing of Candida albicans by polymorphs (PMNs) and monocytes were analyzed. Also, the percentages of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, natural killer, and CD15 + cells were evaluated by direct immunofluorescence using specific monoclonal antibodies. The results showed deficits of phagocytosis or killing exhibited by PMNs and monocytes. These immunological findings are discussed in terms of perturbation of immune status in CM patients during migraine attacks.
Production of human α‐ and γ‐interferon is dependent on age and sex and is decreased in rheumatoid arthritis: A simple method for a large‐scale assay
Authors: Kita M. , Yamaji M. , Kitoh I. , Kishida T. , Shiozawa S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe examined host ability to produce α‐ and γ‐interferon on a large scale by culturing 2 ml of peripheral blood for 20 hr with Sendai virus or concanavalin A as inducer of α‐ or γ‐ interferon, respectively. Production of γ‐but not α‐interferon was lower in females (n = 351) than in males (n = 531) (P <0.001). Both α‐ and γ‐interferon production declined gradually with ageing. The production of α‐interferon (3,233 ± 1,773 IU/ml) and γ‐interferon (19 ± 20 IU/ml) in rheumatoid arthritis patients was significantly lower than the values found in total and age‐matched healthy donors (P < 0.01). These results suggest that interferon production is dependent on age and sex and is significantly lower in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Evaluation of the clinical utility of platelet aggregation studies in the long‐term follow‐up of patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease
Authors: Ferroni Patrizia , Gazzaniga Pier Paolo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe present study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of laboratory monitoring of antiplatelet therapy by means of a multiparametric evaluation of in vitro platelet aggregation tests in the attempt to individually optimize a given therapeutic regimen. The presence of a condition of hyperaggregability was shown in approximately 80% of patients with different forms of athero‐sclerotic vascular disease not undergoing any therapeutic regimen with antiplatelet agents. Conversely, a significant decrease in platelet activity was observed in patients undergoing different therapies based on acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), ticlopidine, or indobufen. The similar antiaggregatory effect of low‐dose vs. high‐dose ASA therapies was also shown. Dipyridamole alone showed no antiaggregatory effect, which, in turn, was reached only by the addition of ASA. Nevertheless, the association of ASA plus dipyridamole did not show any stronger antiplatelet effect than ASA alone. The evaluation of in vitro platelet activity in a group of patients treated with picotamide failed to show any significant change in comparison with the untreated group, probably due to the short half‐life of picotamidein man and/or to its capability of reversibly antagonizing the action of thromboxane at receptor level. The evaluation of a long‐term follow‐up of 90 patients treated with different antiplatelet agents supports the idea that a multiparametric analysis of in vitro platelet aggregation may provide valuable help in monitoring and optimizing a given therapeutic regimen. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impaired cytokine production in whole blood cell cultures from patients with colorectal carcinomas as compared to benign colorectal tumors and controls
Authors: Elsässer‐Beile U. , von Kleist S. , Fischer R. , Mönting J. Schulte 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCytokine production was investigated in whole blood cell cultures from 74 patients with colorectal carcinomas, 20 patients with benign colorectal tumors, and 314 healthy controls. In the 4 day post induction supernatants the levels of IFN‐gamma, IL‐1‐alpha, IL‐2, and TNF‐alpha were mesured by a sensitive immunoassay.In the blood cell cultures of the patients with colorectal carcinomas significantly lower values of IFN‐gamma (P ⩽.001), IL‐1‐alpha (P⩽.001), and IL‐2(p⩽.01) were found as compared to the patients with bening tumors and the controls, although total and differential leukocyte counts were similar in all three groups. A liner correlation between the levels of IFN gamma and IL‐1‐alpha and the tumor stages could be shown.Our results suggest that a growing tumor burden may induce increasing immunological deficiencies as reflected by a decreasing cytokine production of the immune cells. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autoantibodies in the sera of Trypanosoma cruzi‐infected individuals with or without clinical Chagas disease
Authors: Unterkircher Carmelinda , Avrameas Stratis , Ternynck Thérèse 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVariations in the levels and the specificities of autoantibodies directed against a panel of antigens (cytoskeleton proteins, DNA, laminin) were analyzed in the sera from two groups of humans infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. One group was constituted of apparently healthy blood donors (BD) and the other of patients with clinically confirmed Chagas disease (CCH). In both infected groups, a high proportion but not all sera exhibited dramatic enhancement of IgM and IgG autoantibodies directed against all antigens tested. Sera positive for IgG autoantibodies were generally found more frequently in the CCH than in the BD group, except for anti‐actin antibodies more often present in BD sera. Anti‐laminin IgG antibodies were present in a similar number of individuals in both groups. Although the titers of anti‐laminin IgG antibodies were in general higher in CCH, their dissociation constants were in the same range (7 × 10−8–10−7M) in both groups. IgG autoantibodies were demonstrated to be polyreactive with laminin and other self antigens as well. Circulating immune complexes were present in sera from both groups and the activity of the antibodies dissociated from these complexes was directed against all the antigens of the panel. Although the IgE concentration was significantly enhanced in several subjects from both groups, the incidence of positive sera was higher in the CCH (60%) than in the BD (39%) group. Our results demonstrate that autoantibodies with the characteristics of natural autoantibodies are found in both T. cruzi‐infected apparently healthy individuals and patients. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of the susceptibility of human colorectal tumor explants to lak‐cell lysis: Comparison of various cytotoxicity tests
Authors: Ochalek Tomasz , Kleist Sabine Von 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe susceptibility of tumor cells from cultures of 8 human colorectal tumor explants to a standard LAK preparation originating from a single healthy donor was assessed in 5 various cytotoxic tests. Target cells were suspended or attached (in three different 51Cr‐release 4 hr tests), grown as a confluent monolayer (in a colorymetric 72 hr test) and grown as three‐dimensional spheroids (in a 51Cr‐release 24 hr assay). The susceptibility to lysis observed for one tumor in the 5 tests varied from 4 to 15 times and was a tumor attribute independent of the susceptibility to lymphocyte attack. There was no correlation of results between the 4 hr tests and a 72 hr test performed on monolayer, or the spheroid test taking into account the resistance of the three‐dimensional structure to lymphocyte invasion. Our study excludes the possibility of quantitative interpolation of assessments of tumor cell susceptibility to lymphocytes received from various tests. It also refers to simple reductionist tests which may be compared, however, after ranking the qualitative categories. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of nonisotopic labeling and detection techniques for nucleic acid hybridization
Authors: Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Hassapoglidou Stavroula , Bean Courtney C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have used a double‐stranded DNA probe linked to the cystic fibrosis locus to detect a single‐copy gene from varying amounts of genomic DNA, with Southern blot analysis. The DNA plasmid probe was labeled with either biotin or digoxigenin. Biotin or digoxigenin was then linked to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) with use of streptavidin or anti‐digoxigenin antibodies, respectively. ALP activity was then detected with a chromogenic (BCIP/NBT), chemiluminogenic (AMPPD), or fluorogenic (HNPP) substrate. Our results suggest that biotin and digoxigenin perform similarly and that the three substrates exhibit similar detectability under appropriate substrate incubation times: 20‐120 min (AMPPD), 2‐12 h (HNPP), and 18‐48 h (BCIP/NBT). Under optimised conditions and the probe used, these methods detect single‐copy genes from as little as 0.3 μg of total genomic DNA. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advanced glycosylation end products: A new disease marker for diabetes and aging
Authors: Wu James T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAdvanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) are a potentially useful marker for monitoring glycemic control, predicting the risk of diabetes‐ and aging‐associated clinical complications, and monitoring the treatment of patients with micro‐ and macrovascular diseases, including retinopathy, atherosclerosis, nephropathy, and neuropathy. AGEs or AGEproteins are derived from nonenzymatically glycated proteins (Amadori products) after further cross‐linking with other proteins and additional rearrangement. AGE‐proteins can be assayed by either radioreceptor or immunoassays in blood and tissues. No commercial kit is available at this time. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunoquantification of lipoprotein(a): Comparison of nephelometry with electroimmunodiffusion
Authors: Tiran Andreas , Tiran Beate , Hojas Sabine , Kostner Gerhard M. , Wilders‐Truschnig Martini M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new fully automated nephelometric immunoassay for Iipoprotein(a) quantification in human serum was evaluated using the Behring Nephelometer Analyzer. The assay exhibited a good linearity in the concentration range of 110‐1,770 mg/l; at higher concentrations, samples were automatically diluted by a factor of 4. The method is simple, robust, and shows an excellent stability of the calibration curve over several weeks. Intraassay and day‐to‐day coefficients of variation were 2% and 4.5%, respectively. The method correlated well with electroimmunodiffusion (r = 0.977; n = 123; P = 0.0001). Unspecific turbidity as expressed by an elevated blank value occurred in 3% of all freshly measured samples (n = 392). Storage of the samples for 1 week at 4°C had no significant influence on the results. Frozen sera, on the other hand, cannot be assayed by this method. We believe that this assay is well suited for use in clinical routine work. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.