bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lenalidomide in Combination with Dexamethasone for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma After One Prior Therapy
Authors: Hazarika Maitreyee , Rock Edwin , Williams Gene , Dagher Ramzi , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Booth Brian , Farrell Ann , Justice Robert , Pazdur Richard 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Purpose.
Lenalidomide (CC-5013, Revlimid®; Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ), a thalidomide analogue, was granted approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on June 29, 2006, for use in combination with dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who have received at least one prior therapy. The FDA approved lenalidomide with a restricted distribution program, RevAssist®.

Experimental Design.
In two randomized, double-blind, multicenter studies, the combination of lenalidomide and dexamethasone (LD) was compared with placebo and dexamethasone (PD) in patients with MM who had received at least one prior therapy. The primary endpoint was time to progression (TTP).

Results.
Following a prespecified interim analysis of TTP, an independent data-monitoring committee advised the sponsor to halt the two studies. For both studies, the interim analysis for efficacy revealed a statistically significant longer TTP with LD than with PD.
The most clinically relevant grade 3 and 4 adverse events that occurred more frequently in the LD arm were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation. Thrombotic or thromboembolic events, including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, thrombosis, and intracranial venous sinus thrombosis were reported more frequently in patients treated with LD than with PD.

Conclusions.
The FDA approved lenalidomide based on interim results from two multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized trials comparing the combination of LD with PD that revealed a longer TTP with LD than with PD. The major toxicity observed during these trials was myelosuppression. The serious toxicities included thromboembolic events. Lenalidomide is only available under the RevAssist® Program.
Current and Emerging Strategies for the Management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Elderly
Authors: Laubach Jacob , Rao Arati V. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader should be able to: Describe the epidemiology of AML in the U.S.Identify the biological characteristics of AML in elderly patients that confer resistance to therapy.Discuss the targets of emerging therapies for AML in elderly patients.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for approximately 80% of acute leukemias diagnosed in adults. The elderly are disproportionately affected by AML, as 35% of newly diagnosed patients are aged ≥75 and the median age at diagnosis is 67. Elderly individuals also respond less well to standard chemotherapy than do younger individuals, as reflected by lower complete remission and relapse-free survival rates in major clinical trials. A higher prevalence of comorbid conditions as well as the unique biological features of elderly AML patients account for the relatively poor response to therapy observed in this population. Compared with AML in younger individuals, for example, AML in the elderly more often emerges from a preceding myelodysplastic syndrome and is more frequently associated with poor-prognosis karyotypes such as 5q− or 7q−. The introduction of novel therapies over the past decade has already altered the treatment paradigm of elderly individuals with AML. The first of these to emerge was gemtuzumab ozogamicin. Other agents are currently under evaluation in clinical trials, including inhibitors of multidrug resistance, farnesyltransferase inhibitors, novel nucleoside analogues, and inhibitors of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3. This review describes the biological features of AML in the elderly and summarizes both the current and emerging strategies for the treatment of this disease in older individuals.
All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Men Released From State Prison, 1980–2005
Authors: Rosen David L. , Schoenbach Victor J. , Wohl David A. 
Published: October 2008

Objectives. We compared mortality of ex-prisoners and other state residents to identify unmet health care needs among former prisoners. Methods. We linked North Carolina prison records with state death records for 1980 to 2005 to estimate the number of overall and cause-specific deaths among male ex-prisoners aged 20 to 69 years and used standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) to compare these observed deaths with the number of expected deaths had they experienced the same age-, race-, and cause-specific death rates as other state residents. Results. All-cause mortality among White (SMR = 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.04, 2.13) and Black (SMR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.05) ex-prisoners was greater than for other male NC residents. Ex-prisoners' deaths from homicide, accidents, substance use, HIV, liver disease, and liver cancer were greater than the expected number of deaths estimated using death rates among other NC residents. Deaths from cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, respiratory diseases, and diabetes were at least 30% greater than expected for White ex-prisoners, but less than expected for Black ex-prisoners. Conclusions. Ex-prisoners experienced more deaths than would have been expected among other NC residents. Excess deaths from injuries and medical conditions common to prison populations highlight ex-prisoners' medical vulnerability and the need to improve correctional and community preventive health services.
Effects of the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign on Youths
Authors: Hornik Robert , Jacobsohn Lela , Orwin Robert , Piesse Andrea , Kalton Graham 
Published: October 2008

Objectives. We examined the cognitive and behavioral effects of the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign on youths aged 12.5 to 18 years and report core evaluation results. Methods. From September 1999 to June 2004, 3 nationally representative cohorts of US youths aged 9 to 18 years were surveyed at home 4 times. Sample size ranged from 8117 in the first to 5126 in the fourth round (65% first-round response rate, with 86%–93% of still eligible youths interviewed subsequently). Main outcomes were self-reported lifetime, past-year, and past-30-day marijuana use and related cognitions. Results. Most analyses showed no effects from the campaign. At one round, however, more ad exposure predicted less intention to avoid marijuana use (γ = −0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.13, −0.01) and weaker antidrug social norms (γ = −0.05; 95% CI = −0.08, −0.02) at the subsequent round. Exposure at round 3 predicted marijuana initiation at round 4 (γ = 0.11; 95% CI = 0.00, 0.22). Conclusions. Through June 2004, the campaign is unlikely to have had favorable effects on youths and may have had delayed unfavorable effects. The evaluation challenges the usefulness of the campaign.
Heritage of Army Audiology and the Road Ahead: The Army Hearing Program
Authors: McIlwain D. Scott , Gates Kathy , Ciliax Donald 
Published: October 2008

Noise-induced hearing loss has been documented as early as the 16th century, when a French surgeon, Ambroise Paré, wrote of the treatment of injuries sustained by firearms and described acoustic trauma in great detail. Even so, the protection of hearing would not be addressed for three more centuries, when the jet engine was invented and resulted in a long overdue whirlwind of policy development addressing the prevention of hearing loss. We present a synopsis of hearing loss prevention in the US Army and describe the current Army Hearing Program, which aims to prevent noise-induced hearing loss in soldiers and to ensure their maximum combat effectiveness.
Smoking and Cognitive Decline Among Middle-Aged Men and Women: The Doetinchem Cohort Study
Authors: Nooyens Astrid C. J. , van Gelder Boukje M. , Verschuren W. M. Monique 
Published: October 2008

Objectives. We studied the effect of smoking on cognitive decline over a 5-year period at middle age (43 to 70 years). Methods. In the Doetinchem Cohort Study, 1964 men and women in the Netherlands were examined for cognitive function at baseline and 5 years later. The association between smoking status and memory function, speed of cognitive processes, cognitive flexibility, and global cognitive function were assessed. Results. At baseline, smokers scored lower than never smokers in global cognitive function, speed, and flexibility. At 5-year follow-up, decline among smokers was 1.9 times greater for memory function, 2.4 times greater for cognitive flexibility, and 1.7 times greater for global cognitive function than among never smokers. Among ever smokers, the declines in all cognitive domains were larger with increasing number of pack-years smoked. Conclusions. Interventions to prevent or stop people from smoking may postpone cognitive decline in middle-aged persons.
Detection of avian rotavirus-like virus in broiler chickens in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed MS , Ahmed MU 
Published: October 2008

The presence of rotavirus infection in broiler chickens (1-2 weeks old) was studied. A total of 232 faecal specimens were collected during the period from July to September 2004 and examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining (PAGE-ss) technique for the presence of rotavirus dsRNA in the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The total prevalence of rotavirus infection in broiler chickens was in Gazipur 2.43% and 0% in Mymensingh. In the two specimens positive for avian rotavirus (ARV), identical and peculiar RNA patterns were observed and were not similar to those for groups A, D, or F, butÂ partially similar to that of group G rotavirus, suggesting that these viruses may belong to novel rotavirus group. Additional studies on more numbers of strains obtained from different flocks will be necessary to substantiate the notable observation. Key words: Avian rotavirus-like virus, broiler chickensDOI =	10.3329/bjvm.v4i2.1287Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (2): 73â77
Prevalence of amphistomes in Black Bengal goats in Mymensingh district
Authors: Uddin MZ , Farjana T , Begum N , Mondal MMH 
Published: October 2008

To investigate the prevalence of amphistome parasites in Black Bengal goats slaughtered at different slaughterhouses of Mymensingh district, a total of 144 gastro-intestinal tracts were examined during the period of July 1998 to June 1999 in the Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Out of 144 Black Bengal goats, 105 (72.92%) were infected with a single or multiple species of amphistomes.Â In present investigation, three species of amphistomes viz Paramphistomum cervi, Cotylophoron cotylophorum and Gastrothylax crumenifer were identified. The highest infection was observed with Paramphistomum cervi (65.28%) and lowest infection with Cotylophoron cotylophorum (36.11%). Mixed infections with two or more species of amphistomes were found in 60.42%. Age had a significant (p < 0.01) influence on the prevalence of amphistomes in goat. A higher prevalence (89.58%) was observed in older animals followed by young animals (78.57%), whereas a lower prevalence (45.0%) in growing animals. However, the prevalence increased with the increase of age. The females (75.0%) were found more (1.44 times) susceptible to amphistomes infection than the males (67.5%). The prevalence of amphistomes was very high all the year round and the rate of infection was 83.64%, 69.23% and 64.0% during monsoon, winter and summer season respectively. The present study concluded that Black Bengal goats are susceptible to amphistome infection irrespective of age, sex and season of the year. So, control of these parasites is essential and the further investigation is needed, focusing on control procedures of amphistomes infection in goats. Key Words: Amphistomes, prevalence, Black Bengal goats DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v4i2.1292 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (2): 103-106
Investigation on the immunity level of breeder flocks following vaccination with Newcastle disease virus vaccine
Authors: Samad MA , Kafi MA , Amin MM , Gani MO 
Published: October 2008

In an investigation of Newcastle disease (ND) vaccination programme, the performance of ND killed vaccine as a secondary one was performed to examine duration and level of antibody in both broiler and layer breeder parent stock in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh during the period from January to April 2004. For this, a total of 210 broiler and layer breeder birds of seven different breeds and ages flocks with history of regular vaccination were selected. A total of 30 breeder birds were selected for each of the experimental group. Birds, each of seven flocks were vaccinated with commercially availably two ND killed vaccine named as "Newcevac NobilisÂ®" and "Nobivac ND broilerÂ®", Intervet. The Lohman Brown (LB-31), BV-300 (B-36), BV-300 (B-22) and Lohman Brown (LB-24) layer breeder birds were vaccinated with Newcevac NobilisÂ® killed vaccine @ 0.5ml/bird by intra-muscular route at 28, 25, 16 and 19 weeks of age and blood samples were collected at the age of 31, 36, 22 and 24 weeks and showed mean HI antibody titer Â± SD 1518.93 Â± 593.50, 563.20 Â± 303.65, 1177.60 Â± 618.36 and 1604.26 Â± 655.04 respectively. In case of broiler breeder parent stock, Kasila (K-16), Kasila (K-34) and CoBB (Co-17) which were vaccinated with Nobivac ND broilerÂ® killed vaccine @ 0.2ml/bird by intra-muscular route at 13, 24 and 13 weeks of age and sera samples were collected at 16, 34 and 17 weeks of age respectively which showed mean HI antibody titre Â± SD 1117.87 Â± 670.55, 725.33 Â± 315.93 and 1109.33 Â± 670.04 respectively. Considering the result of the study, vaccination with ND killed vaccine provoked a high level of humoral immunity and such a high level of antibody, as were observed, could be useful for breeder farms where chicks are required to have higher maternal antibody during their chick hood. Key Words: Breeder, parent stock, immunity, antibody, NDV Â Â Â DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1303 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 15-18
Effect of enzyme and vitamin supplementation on physio-biochemical parameters in broiler chickens
Authors: Ahmed S , Rashid MB , Lucky NS , Ahmad N , Myenuddin M 
Published: October 2008

The present research was carried out on broilers to study the effect of oral administration of enzymes and vitamins on growth, haematological parameters and biochemical parameters in the Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University for the period of 21 days from 15th January to 5th February 2007. A total of 20 broiler birds of 20 day old were divided into four equal groups as A, B, C and D. Group A was maintained as control and was fed only with commercial broiler ration through out the experimental period.Â Group B was treated with enzymes @ 1 gm per litre of drinking water, group C was treated with vitamins @ 0.5 gm per litre of drinking water and group D was treated with enzymes and vitamins combinedly at the rate of above mentioned dose. Body weight was recorded at 7 days interval up to the end of the 21 days of experimental period and the birds were sacrificed on the final day of experiment to collect blood sample for haematological (TEC, Hb, PCV and ESR) and biochemical study (SGOT and SGPT). Body weight was increased significantly (p < Â 0.01) in all the treated groups compared with the control group and highest was recorded in group D. TEC, PCV and Hb content increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the treated groups as compared to that of control group but ESR, SGOT and SGPT values decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in all the treated groups as compared to that of control group. The result reveals that use of enzymes and vitamins is an effective way of getting best result in terms of body weight gain and haemato-biochemical profiles in broiler birds. Key words: Broiler, enzyme, vitamin, body weight, haemato-biochemical parametersDOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1311 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 55-58
Evaluation of protective immunity against experimental Dirofilaria immitis infection in Beagle dogs
Authors: Talukder MH , Ueda K , Hajime T , Kanako S , Kawamura S , Hikasa Y 
Published: October 2008

Prevention of heartworm is a key goal of pet wellness. An experimental trial was carried out to induce the immunologic protection against Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs during the period from July 2005 to November 2006. Â To evaluate the three protocols of immunization, dogs were separately immunized with gamma-irradiated infective larvae; with chemical abbreviation of infection; with chemical abbreviation plus Freund's complete adjuvant respectively. Each trial consisted of immunized and control groups and each group composed of two dogs. All dogs used for this study were subcutaneously challenged with 100 intact third-stage larvae at designated times after the last immunization following the above three protocols. The dogs were euthanized and necropsized between 120 to 175 days after challenge infection for the worms in the right ventricle of the heart and pulmonary arteries. Number of worms and sexes were determined. A mean of 36 worms from the immunized groups with irradiated L3; 33 worms from the chemically-abbreviated group whereas 13 worms from the chemical abbreviation plus Freund's complete adjuvant group were recovered. The percentages of the average protection in three groups were 45.80%, 55.05% and 77.90% respectively. The adjuvant enhanced the protective immunity against L3 challenge infection. The ELISA values do not explain the intensity of the protection, but shown adequately the immunized dogs responding to the immunization performed in this experiment. Key words: Heartworm, protective immunity, chemical-abbreviation, gamma-irradiated larvae DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1323 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 93-98
Isolation and characterization of sheep salmonellae in and around Bangladesh Agricultural University campus
Authors: Karim MR , Khan MSR , Kayesh MEH , Islam MR , Gani MO 
Published: October 2008

The study was carried out for isolation of Salmonella spp. and their characterization from sheep during the period from November 2006 to May 2007. For this study a total number of 63 rectal swab samples of sheep were collected. Out of 63 samples, 9 samples were identified as positive for Salmonella and each positive sample was treated as one isolate. All the Salmonella isolates revealed the same morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. In the stab culture on TSI agar slant, all of the isolated Salmonella isolates produced acid (yellow) and gas in the butt, the production of hydrogen sulfide gas in both butt and slant, and the alkaline (red) reaction in the slant. For the slide agglutination test, Salmonella agglutinating antiserum (poly âO' and poly âH') was used which agglutinated all the isolates and thereby identified the organism as Salmonella. The pathogenicity of the isolates was studied in mice and it revealed that the isolates were pathogenic. After isolation of Salmonella, eight commonly used antibiotics were used for the antibiogram study of isolated Salmonella. Among the isolates, 77.78% were highly sensitive and 22.22% were moderately sensitive to ciprofloxacin and spiramycin, 66.67% were highly sensitive and 33.33% were moderately sensitive to gentamicin. 55.56% were moderately sensitive and 44.44% were less sensitive to oxytetracycline and streptomycin, 33.33% were moderately sensitive and 66.67% were less sensitive to amoxycillin, 11.11% were moderately sensitive, 33.33% were less sensitive and 66.67% were resistant to sulphamethoxazole, 11.11% were less sensitive and 88.89% were resistant to penicillin-G. Â From the results it may be concluded that the prevalence of Salmonella organisms in sheep of this country is remarkable and isolated Salmonella spp. are pathogenic for laboratory animals and highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, spiramycin and gentamicin. From the results it also may be concluded that slide agglutination test can be used for the rapid detection of Salmonella organism. Key words: isolation, characterization, pathogenicity, antibiogram study DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1346 Bangl. J. Vet. Med.Â (2008). 6 (1): 75-78
La propriété au XVIIIe siècle. Une source méconnue: Le contrôle des actes et centième denier
Authors: de Saint-Jacob P. 
Published: October 2008

Le domaine de la propriété foncière au XVIIIe siècle est un domaine d'accès difficile, malaisé à explorer, et'le chercheur soucieux de précision ne s'y aventure pas sans inquiétude. Deux problèmes se posent généralement : déterminer l'état de la propriété à une date donnée, trouver le sens de son évolution : statique, cinématique. Depuis cinquante ans, l'étude dè∼ la Révolution et de ses causes a conféré à cette double recherche une importance capitale que l'histoire du xvnie siècle lui-même suffirait à justifier.A vrai dire, les historiens se sont surtout préoccupés de la première enquête. Ils ont essayé de fixer, grâce à des calculs habiles et patients, la répartition des biens fonciers à la fin de l-Ancien Régime. Ils ont fait appel aux terriers, aux rôles de vingtièmes et de taille, aux pieds de taille, aux états de sections, à la vente des biens nationaux.
Psychologie de peuples… et de meneurs de peuples
Authors: Febvre Lucien 
Published: October 2008

L'idée est heureuse d'avoir traduit en français le Journal politique de Ciano ; et il faut remercier de son initiative le professeur Stelling-Michaud, de l'Université de Genève, qui, de plus, a écrit pour le livre une excellente Introduction. Le tome I, qui vient de paraître, couvre deux années, 1939 et 1940, tragiques entre toutes. Le témoignage du ministre des Affaires Etrangères de Mussolini est, naturellement, d'importance.Sur la nuance même de sa politique personnelle, dans la mesure où la totale soumission du gendre aux caprices du beau-père — même quand il les jugeait dangereux ou puérils — permet de parler de politique personnelle ; sur l'attitude du Duce ; ses variations, mais aussi ses constantes, pendant ces deux années fertiles pour lui en espérances comme en amères déceptions ; sur la débâcle française vue de Rome, et sur la’ politique d'Hitler jugée du même observatoire — on trouve dans le Journal de multiples notations d'intérêt capital.
Éducation nazie et civilisation autrichienne
Authors: Gadoffre Gilbert 
Published: October 2008

Rien n'est plus difficile, pour un bon Autrichien, que de tirer au clair son attitude à l'égard des Allemands. Tant de réactions élémentaires, inconscientes parfois, souvent contradictoires, et qui s'affrontent sans s'harmoniser ; tant de répulsions diversement ressenties, si difficilement évitantes que le S. S. autrichien le plus fanatique les a, au moins une fois dans sa vie, éprouvées, mais compensées par une force d'attraction trop puissante pour que même un patriote sincère puisse y rester entièrement insensible : comment ne serait-on pas dérouté ?La confusion des sentiments a d'autant mieux servi la cause pangermaniste que la langue allemande rendait la situation plus inextricable. Point de mots pour distinguer avec quelque rigueur ce qui ressort de la culture ou de la civilisation, l'une étant conçue comme un art de penser, l'autre comme un art de vivre.