bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On The Effective Capacity Performance Analysis Over Nakagami‐m Distribution‐Based Double‐Shadowed Rician Fading Channel
Authors: Ranjan Rajnish K. , Chowdhury Atanu , Ghoshal Dibyendu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe practical applications within the domain of the fifth generation (5G) and the emerging beyond 5G network necessitate a high data transmission rate along with minimal achievable delay. With this objective in focus, the maximum capacity is extensively quantified through the utilization of the delay‐constrained effective capacity (EC) technique, which stands in contrast to Shannon's ergodic capacity. The current study is engaged in the analysis of EC within a delay‐limited wireless system operating in a double‐shadowed Rician (DSR) fading channel. Within this channel, only the Nakagami‐m distribution concept has been applied to both the dominant and secondary shadowing components of the proposed network model. A new exact closed‐form expression for EC within the DSR fading channel has been derived using the Fox‐H function. Furthermore, an analysis has been conducted for both high and low signal‐to‐noise ratios to provide further insights and explanations for the proposed model. It is worth noting that the results obtained from both simulation and analytical methods exhibit substantial similarity, revealing interdependence among various parameters present in the proposed model.
Predictors for survival in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a large comprehensive meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Xiaoting , Wang Shichan , Huang Jingxuan , Li Chunyu , Shang Huifang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasing as the population ages, and patients with AD have a poor prognosis. However, knowledge on factors for predicting the survival of AD remains sparse. Here, we aimed to systematically explore predictors of AD survival. We searched the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases for relevant literature from inception to December 2022. Cohort and case-control studies were selected, and multivariable adjusted relative risks (RRs) were pooled by random-effects models. A total of 40,784 reports were identified, among which 64 studies involving 297,279 AD patients were included in the meta-analysis after filtering based on predetermined criteria. Four aspects, including demographic features (n = 7), clinical features or comorbidities (n = 13), rating scales (n = 3) and biomarkers (n = 3), were explored and 26 probable prognostic factors were finally investigated for AD survival. We observed that AD patients who had hyperlipidaemia (RR: 0.69) were at a lower risk of death. In contrast, male sex (RR: 1.53), movement disorders (including extrapyramidal signs) (RR: 1.60) and cancer (RR: 2.07) were detrimental to AD patient survival. However, our results did not support the involvement of education, hypertension, APOE genotype, Aβ42 and t-tau in AD survival. Our study comprehensively summarized risk factors affecting survival in patients with AD, provided a better understanding on the role of different factors in the survival of AD from four dimensions, and paved the way for further research.
Sprouty genes regulate activated fibroblasts in mammary epithelial development and breast cancer
Authors: Li Jiyong , Ma Rongze , Wang Xuebing , Lu Yunzhe , Chen Jing , Feng Deyi , Zhou Jiecan , Xia Kun , Klein Ophir , Xie Hao , Lu Pengfei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStromal fibroblasts are a major stem cell niche component essential for organ formation and cancer development. Fibroblast heterogeneity, as revealed by recent advances in single-cell techniques, has raised important questions about the origin, differentiation, and function of fibroblast subtypes. In this study, we show in mammary stromal fibroblasts that loss of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) negative feedback regulators encoded by Spry1, Spry2, and Spry4 causes upregulation of signaling in multiple RTK pathways and increased extracellular matrix remodeling, resulting in accelerated epithelial branching. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that increased production of FGF10 due to Sprouty (Spry) loss results from expansion of a functionally distinct subgroup of fibroblasts with the most potent branching-promoting ability. Compared to their three independent lineage precursors, fibroblasts in this subgroup are “activated,” as they are located immediately adjacent to the epithelium that is actively undergoing branching and invasion. Spry genes are downregulated, and activated fibroblasts are expanded, in all three of the major human breast cancer subtypes. Together, our data highlight the regulation of a functional subtype of mammary fibroblasts by Spry genes and their essential role in epithelial morphogenesis and cancer development.
Association of intensive blood pressure management with cardiovascular outcomes in patients using multiple classes of antihypertensive medications: a post-hoc analysis of the STEP Trial
Authors: Zhang Kaipeng , Song Qirui , Bai Jingjing , Cai Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigh medication burden is associated with poor treatment effect and high risk of cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between the antihypertensive medication burden and cardiovascular outcomes in the STEP trial. This post-hoc analysis of the STEP trial enrolled 8511 participants, including 8041 with low burden and 470 with high burden. High antihypertensive medication burden was defined as being treated with ≥3 different classes of prescribed antihypertensive medications. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular outcomes. Fine-Gray model was used in this study. Among all participants, high antihypertensive medication burden was associated with a higher risk of the primary outcome compared with low medication burden (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.03–2.24), which was consistent in the standard group (HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.20–3.18) and the intensive group (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.57–2.13; Pinteraction = 0.18). The beneficial effects of intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) control on the primary outcome remained significant in the high burden group (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19–0.95) and the low burden group (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63–0.98; Pinteraction = 0.18). At 24 months, the percentage of participants achieving the target SBP was lower in the high medication burden group (risk ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89–0.98). In both standard and intensive treatment groups, participants with a high medication burden were harder to achieve the target SBP (Pinteraction = 0.65). High antihypertensive medication burden was associated with worse SBP control and a greater risk of cardiovascular events. Intensive SBP control showed cardiovascular benefits in both medication burden groups. Trial registration: STEP ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03015311. Registered 2 January 2017.
Extracellular vesicles and their effect on vascular haemodynamics: a systematic review
Authors: Cheung Sharon W. Y. , Chamley Lawrence W. , Barrett Carolyn J. , Lau Sien Yee S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from all cell types studied to date and act as intercellular communicators containing proteins, nucleic acids and lipid cargos. They have been shown to be involved in maintaining homoeostasis as well as playing a role in the development of pathology including hypertension and cardiovascular disease. It is estimated that there is 109–1010 circulating EVs/mL in the plasma of healthy individuals derived from various sources. While the effect of EVs on vascular haemodynamic parameters will be dependent on the details of the model studied, we systematically searched and summarized current literature to find patterns in how exogenously injected EVs affected vascular haemodynamics. Under homoeostatic conditions, evidence from wire and pressure myography data demonstrate that injecting isolated EVs derived from cell types found in blood and blood vessels resulted in the impairment of vasodilation in blood vessels ex vivo. Impaired vasodilation was also observed in rodents receiving intravenous injections of human plasma EVs from cardiovascular diseases including valvular heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction and end stage renal disease. When EVs were derived from models of metabolic syndromes, such as diabetes, these EVs enhanced vasoconstriction responses in blood vessels ex vivo. There were fewer publications that assessed the effect of EVs in anaesthetised or conscious animals to confirm whether effects on the vasculature observed in ex vivo studies translated into alterations in vascular haemodynamics in vivo. In the available conscious animal studies, the in vivo data did not always align with the ex vivo data. This highlights the importance of in vivo work to determine the effects of EVs on the integrative vascular haemodynamics.
Flexible calorimetric flow sensor with unprecedented sensitivity and directional resolution for multiple flight parameter detection
Authors: Gong Zheng , Di Weicheng , Jiang Yonggang , Dong Zihao , Yang Zhen , Ye Hong , Zhang Hengrui , Liu Haoji , Wei Zixing , Tu Zhan , Li Daochun , Xiang Jinwu , Ding Xilun , Zhang Deyuan , Chen Huawei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe accurate perception of multiple flight parameters, such as the angle of attack, angle of sideslip, and airflow velocity, is essential for the flight control of micro air vehicles, which conventionally rely on arrays of pressure or airflow velocity sensors. Here, we present the estimation of multiple flight parameters using a single flexible calorimetric flow sensor featuring a sophisticated structural design with a suspended array of highly sensitive vanadium oxide thermistors. The proposed sensor achieves an unprecedented velocity resolution of 0.11 mm·s−1 and angular resolution of 0.1°. By attaching the sensor to a wing model, the angles of attack and slip were estimated simultaneously. The triaxial flight velocities and wing vibrations can also be estimated by sensing the relative airflow velocity due to its high sensitivity and fast response. Overall, the proposed sensor has many promising applications in weak airflow sensing and flight control of micro air vehicles.
Global energy use and carbon emissions from irrigated agriculture
Authors: Qin Jingxiu , Duan Weili , Zou Shan , Chen Yaning , Huang Wenjing , Rosa Lorenzo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIrrigation is a land management practice with major environmental impacts. However, global energy consumption and carbon emissions resulting from irrigation remain unknown. We assess the worldwide energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with irrigation, while also measuring the potential energy and carbon reductions achievable through the adoption of efficient and low-carbon irrigation practices. Currently, irrigation contributes 216 million metric tons of CO2 emissions and consumes 1896 petajoules of energy annually, representing 15% of greenhouse gas emissions and energy utilized in agricultural operations. Despite only 40% of irrigated agriculture relies on groundwater sources, groundwater pumping accounts for 89% of the total energy consumption in irrigation. Projections indicate that future expansion of irrigation could lead to a 28% increase in energy usage. Embracing highly efficient, low-carbon irrigation methods has the potential to cut energy consumption in half and reduce CO2 emissions by 90%. However, considering country-specific feasibility of mitigation options, global CO2 emissions may only see a 55% reduction. Our research offers comprehensive insights into the energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with irrigation, contributing valuable information that can guide assessments of the viability of irrigation in enhancing adaptive capacity within the agricultural sector.
Organocatalytic desymmetrization provides access to planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes
Authors: Dočekal Vojtěch , Koucký Filip , Císařová Ivana , Veselý Jan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlanar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes consist of two functionalized benzene rings connected by two ethylene bridges. These organic compounds have a wide range of applications in asymmetric synthesis, as both ligands and catalysts, and in materials science, as polymers, energy materials and dyes. However, these molecules can only be accessed by enantiomer separation via (a) time-consuming chiral separations and (b) kinetic resolution approaches, often with a limited substrate scope, yielding both enantiomers. Here, we report a simple, efficient, metal-free protocol for organocatalytic desymmetrization of prochiral diformyl[2.2]paracyclophanes. Our detailed experimental mechanistic study highlights differences in the origin of enantiocontrol of pseudo-para and pseudo-gem diformyl derivatives in NHC catalyzed desymmetrizations based on whether a key Breslow intermediate is irreversibly or reversibly formed in this process. This gram-scale reaction enables a wide range of follow-up derivatizations of carbonyl groups, producing various enantiomerically pure planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives, thereby underscoring the potential of this method.
Electrochemically coupled CH4 and CO2 consumption driven by microbial processes
Authors: Zheng Yue , Wang Huan , Liu Yan , Liu Peiyu , Zhu Baoli , Zheng Yanning , Li Jinhua , Chistoserdova Ludmila , Ren Zhiyong Jason , Zhao Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe chemical transformations of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gases typically have high energy barriers. Here we present an approach of strategic coupling of CH4 oxidation and CO2 reduction in a switched microbial process governed by redox cycling of iron minerals under temperate conditions. The presence of iron minerals leads to an obvious enhancement of carbon fixation, with the minerals acting as the electron acceptor for CH4 oxidation and the electron donor for CO2 reduction, facilitated by changes in the mineral structure. The electron flow between the two functionally active microbial consortia is tracked through electrochemistry, and the energy metabolism in these consortia is predicted at the genetic level. This study offers a promising strategy for the removal of CH4 and CO2 in the natural environment and proposes an engineering technique for the utilization of major greenhouse gases.
Low-nuclearity CuZn ensembles on ZnZrOx catalyze methanol synthesis from CO2
Authors: Pinheiro Araújo Thaylan , Giannakakis Georgios , Morales-Vidal Jordi , Agrachev Mikhail , Ruiz-Bernal Zaira , Preikschas Phil , Zou Tangsheng , Krumeich Frank , Willi Patrik O. , Stark Wendelin J. , Grass Robert N. , Jeschke Gunnar , Mitchell Sharon , López Núria , Pérez-Ramírez Javier 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetal promotion could unlock high performance in zinc-zirconium catalysts, ZnZrOx, for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Still, with most efforts devoted to costly palladium, the optimal metal choice and necessary atomic-level architecture remain unclear. Herein, we investigate the promotion of ZnZrOx catalysts with small amounts (0.5 mol%) of diverse hydrogenation metals (Re, Co, Au, Ni, Rh, Ag, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd, and Cu) prepared via a standardized flame spray pyrolysis approach. Cu emerges as the most effective promoter, doubling methanol productivity. Operando X-ray absorption, infrared, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses and density functional theory simulations reveal that Cu0 species form Zn-rich low-nuclearity CuZn clusters on the ZrO2 surface during reaction, which correlates with the generation of oxygen vacancies in their vicinity. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that this catalytic ensemble promotes the rapid hydrogenation of intermediate formate into methanol while effectively suppressing CO production, showcasing the potential of low-nuclearity metal ensembles in CO2-based methanol synthesis.
Auditory cortex conveys non-topographic sound localization signals to visual cortex
Authors: Mazo Camille , Baeta Margarida , Petreanu Leopoldo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpatiotemporally congruent sensory stimuli are fused into a unified percept. The auditory cortex (AC) sends projections to the primary visual cortex (V1), which could provide signals for binding spatially corresponding audio-visual stimuli. However, whether AC inputs in V1 encode sound location remains unknown. Using two-photon axonal calcium imaging and a speaker array, we measured the auditory spatial information transmitted from AC to layer 1 of V1. AC conveys information about the location of ipsilateral and contralateral sound sources to V1. Sound location could be accurately decoded by sampling AC axons in V1, providing a substrate for making location-specific audiovisual associations. However, AC inputs were not retinotopically arranged in V1, and audio-visual modulations of V1 neurons did not depend on the spatial congruency of the sound and light stimuli. The non-topographic sound localization signals provided by AC might allow the association of specific audiovisual spatial patterns in V1 neurons.
Reverse water gas-shift reaction product driven dynamic activation of molybdenum nitride catalyst surface
Authors: Xin Hui , Li Rongtan , Lin Le , Mu Rentao , Li Mingrun , Li Dan , Fu Qiang , Bao Xinhe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn heterogeneous catalysis catalyst activation is often observed during the reaction process, which is mostly attributed to the induction by reactants. In this work we report that surface structure of molybdenum nitride (MoNx) catalyst exhibits a high dependency on the partial pressure or concentration of reaction products i.e., CO and H2O in reverse water gas-shift reaction (RWGS) (CO2:H2 = 1:3) but not reactants of CO2 and H2. Molybdenum oxide (MoOx) overlayers formed by oxidation with H2O are observed at reaction pressure below 10 mbar or with low partial pressure of CO/H2O products, while CO-induced surface carbonization happens at reaction pressure above 100 mbar and with high partial pressure of CO/H2O products. The reaction products induce restructuring of MoNx surface into more active molybdenum carbide (MoCx) to increase the reaction rate and make for higher partial pressure CO, which in turn promote further surface carbonization of MoNx. We refer to this as the positive feedback between catalytic activity and catalyst activation in RWGS, which should be widely present in heterogeneous catalysis.
Modeling the impact of thoracic pressure on intracranial pressure
Authors: Munster Drayton W. , Lewandowski Beth E. , Nelson Emily S. , Prabhu R. K. , Myers Jr Jerry G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA potential contribution to the progression of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome is the thoracic-to-spinal dural sac transmural pressure relationship. In this study, we utilize a lumped-parameter computational model of human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) systems to investigate mechanisms of CSF redistribution. We present two analyses to illustrate potential mechanisms for CSF pressure alterations similar to those observed in microgravity conditions. Our numerical evidence suggests that the compliant relationship between thoracic and CSF compartments is insufficient to solely explain the observed decrease in CSF pressure with respect to the supine position. Our analyses suggest that the interaction between thoracic pressure and the cardiovascular system, particularly the central veins, has greater influence on CSF pressure. These results indicate that future studies should focus on the holistic system, with the impact of cardiovascular changes to the CSF pressure emphasized over the sequestration of fluid in the spine.
Transcription-coupled repair of DNA–protein cross-links depends on CSA and CSB
Authors: Carnie Christopher J. , Acampora Aleida C. , Bader Aldo S. , Erdenebat Chimeg , Zhao Shubo , Bitensky Elnatan , van den Heuvel Diana , Parnas Avital , Gupta Vipul , D’Alessandro Giuseppina , Sczaniecka-Clift Matylda , Weickert Pedro , Aygenli Fatih , Götz Maximilian J. , Cordes Jacqueline , Esain-Garcia Isabel , Melidis Larry , Wondergem Annelotte P. , Lam Simon , Robles Maria S. , Balasubramanian Shankar , Adar Sheera , Luijsterburg Martijn S. , Jackson Stephen P. , Stingele Julian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCovalent DNA–protein cross-links (DPCs) are toxic DNA lesions that block replication and require repair by multiple pathways. Whether transcription blockage contributes to the toxicity of DPCs and how cells respond when RNA polymerases stall at DPCs is unknown. Here we find that DPC formation arrests transcription and induces ubiquitylation and degradation of RNA polymerase II. Using genetic screens and a method for the genome-wide mapping of DNA–protein adducts, DPC sequencing, we discover that Cockayne syndrome (CS) proteins CSB and CSA provide resistance to DPC-inducing agents by promoting DPC repair in actively transcribed genes. Consequently, CSB- or CSA-deficient cells fail to efficiently restart transcription after induction of DPCs. In contrast, nucleotide excision repair factors that act downstream of CSB and CSA at ultraviolet light-induced DNA lesions are dispensable. Our study describes a transcription-coupled DPC repair pathway and suggests that defects in this pathway may contribute to the unique neurological features of CS.
Force-controlled release of small molecules with a rotaxane actuator
Authors: Chen Lei , Nixon Robert , De Bo Guillaume 
Published: April 2024

AbstractForce-controlled release of small molecules offers great promise for the delivery of drugs and the release of healing or reporting agents in a medical or materials context1–3. In polymer mechanochemistry, polymers are used as actuators to stretch mechanosensitive molecules (mechanophores)4. This technique has enabled the release of molecular cargo by rearrangement, as a direct5,6 or indirect7–10 consequence of bond scission in a mechanophore, or by dissociation of cage11, supramolecular12 or metal complexes13,14, and even by ‘flex activation’15,16. However, the systems described so far are limited in the diversity and/or quantity of the molecules released per stretching event1,2. This is due to the difficulty in iteratively activating scissile mechanophores, as the actuating polymers will dissociate after the first activation. Physical encapsulation strategies can be used to deliver a larger cargo load, but these are often subject to non-specific (that is, non-mechanical) release3. Here we show that a rotaxane (an interlocked molecule in which a macrocycle is trapped on a stoppered axle) acts as an efficient actuator to trigger the release of cargo molecules appended to its axle. The release of up to five cargo molecules per rotaxane actuator was demonstrated in solution, by ultrasonication, and in bulk, by compression, achieving a release efficiency of up to 71% and 30%, respectively, which places this rotaxane device among the most efficient release systems achieved so far1. We also demonstrate the release of three representative functional molecules (a drug, a fluorescent tag and an organocatalyst), and we anticipate that a large variety of cargo molecules could be released with this device. This rotaxane actuator provides a versatile platform for various force-controlled release applications.