bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for risk factors of relational withdrawal behaviour in infants aged 14–18 months
Authors: Guedeney Antoine , Foucault Christophe , Bougen Eva , Larroque Beatrice , Mentré France 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the prevalence of relational withdrawal behaviour in infants aged 14–18 months attending a public health centre in Paris, (2) to check some identified risk factors for relational withdrawal behaviour in this population.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in infants aged 14–18 months attending a child health screening centre during the year 2005.ResultsA total of 640 children were included in the study. Thirteen percent of the 640 infants (n = 83, 95% CI [10.4%; 15.6%]) had an ADBB score at 5 and over 5 on the ADBB. There was a clear relationship between withdrawal behavior and having psychological difficulties as reported by parents, and between withdrawal and developmental delay. Withdrawal was also significantly associated with being a boy, with living in risk conditions (e.g. child being in joint custody, or with living in a foster family), with being adopted, or with being a twin. More withdrawn infants were taken care of at home.ConclusionSustained relational withdrawal behaviour was linked with developmental disorders and psychopathology and not with SES, ethnical origin or rank of birth. The scale could be used in screening early psychopathology in infants aged 2–24 months of age.
Intimate partner violence and sexually transmitted disease symptoms in a national sample of married Bangladeshi women
Authors: Decker M.R. , Miller E. , Kapur N.A. , Gupta J. , Raj A. , Silverman J.G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo assess associations of intimate partner violence (IPV) with women's sexually transmitted disease (STD) symptoms, and to clarify biological and behavioral mechanisms underpinning heightened STD rates among abused women.MethodsA cross‐sectional investigation of married couples (n = 2865) sampled via the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey.ResultsOver one third (38%) of married Bangladeshi women experienced physical or sexual IPV in the 12 months preceding the survey. Victimization was bivariately associated with vaginal irritation/discharge, pelvic pain during intercourse, genital sores/ulcers, and vaginal discharge with odor (OR 1.39–2.09). IPV demonstrated an independent effect on vaginal irritation with discharge (adjusted OR 1.34) and vaginal discharge with odor (adjusted OR 2.08) after accounting for STD exposure (i.e., husbands’ recent STD).ConclusionsIPV elevates married Bangladeshi women's STD symptoms beyond the risk represented by husbands’ STD alone, suggesting that high rates of STD among abusive men and the context of violence itself both relate to abused women's STD risk.
Endogenous screening, credit crunches, and competition in laxity
Authors: Shaffer Sherrill , Hoover Scott 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA simple model of lending with endogenous screening predicts that risk‐neutral banks tend to adopt tighter lending standards under several conditions commonly seen in recessions: lower interest rates (or spreads), higher default rates, or a smaller fraction of good borrowers. Historical data support these predictions. In addition, better information about borrower types encourages tighter lending standards, and competition in laxity can arise with multiple banks. Within the class of symmetric screening decisions, endogenizing the interest rates disrupts the existence of equilibrium in pure strategies, just as when screening decisions are assumed to be exogenous.
Cirque glacier activity in arctic Norway during the last deglaciation
Authors: Paasche Øyvind , Olaf Dahl Svein , Bakke Jostein , Løvlie Reidar , Nesje Atle 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNumerous cirques of the Lofoten–Vesterålen archipelago in northern Norway have distinct moraine sequences that previously have been assigned to the Allerød-Younger Dryas (∼ 13,400 to 11,700 yr BP) interval, constraining the regional distribution of the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) of cirque and valley glaciers. Here we present evidence from a once glacier-fed lake on southern Andøya that contests this view. Analyses of radiocarbon dated lacustrine sediments including rock magnetic parameters, grain size, organic matter, dry bulk density and visual interpretation suggest that no glacier was present in the low-lying cirque during the Younger Dryas-Allerød. The initiation of the glacial retreat commenced with the onset of the Bølling warming (∼ 14,700 yr BP) and was completed by the onset of Allerød Interstade (∼ 13,400 yr BP). The reconstructed glacier stages of the investigated cirque coincide with a cool and dry period from ∼ 17,500 to 14,700 yr BP and a somewhat larger Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) advance possibly occurring between ∼ 21,050 and 19,100 yr BP.
Vestibular signs and symptoms of volumetric abnormalities of the vestibular aqueduct
Authors: Manzari L 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjective:The objective of this study was to identify a pattern of signs, symptoms and neuroradiological findings which would assist investigation of vestibular function (especially otolith function) in a group of adult patients with anatomical alterations of the endolymphatic aqueduct and sac.Methods:Fifteen subjects affected by volumetric abnormalities of the vestibular aqueduct were selected from a cohort of patients referred to a tertiary referral neurotological centre between 1 January 2004 and 30 June 2006. All patients underwent accurate clinical history-taking and were evaluated using a standardised set of bedside and instrumental neurotological tests (i.e. audiometry, auditory brainstem response and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials). After these tests, each patient underwent computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in order to accurately evaluate the middle ear, labyrinthine capsule and internal auditory canals. These evaluations confirmed clinical suspicion of volumetric abnormalities of the vestibular aqueduct and endolymphatic sac.Results:All the patients with a defined volumetric alteration in the region of the vestibular aqueduct and endolympatic sac reported a typical pattern of symptoms and signs. The most obvious and frequent symptoms in these patients were migraine-related vertigo (using the Neuhauser criteria, 10 of 15, 66.6 per cent), ‘motion sickness’ (12 of 15, 80 per cent), oscillopsia (nine of 15, 60 per cent) and dizziness (14 of 15, 93.3 per cent). Clinical examination results for the selected patients allowed some useful speculative conclusions. During neurotological evaluation, two instrumental methodologies were especially useful diagnostically: vestibular evoked myogenic potentials of the neck, and the mastoid vibration test at 100 Hz.Conclusions:Dysfunction of the vestibular aqueduct is suggested by symptomatology characterised by: migraine-related vertigo, unstable or recurring oscillopsia, lowering of the vestibular evoked myogenic potential threshold, hypoacusis, anamnestic report of motion sickness, and nystagmus induced by mastoid vibration and head-shaking. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are needed in order to confirm clinical suspicions.
Diagnostic tests for immunomediated hearing loss: a systematic review
Authors: Lobo D , López F García , García-Berrocal J R , Ramírez-Camacho R 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjective:To quantitatively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of diagnostic tests for immunomediated hearing loss.Data sources:We searched Medline and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for potentially relevant studies.Study selection:Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria of this systematic review. The diagnosis of immunomediated hearing loss was based on the clinical presentation and the response to corticosteroid administration.Data extraction:The following data were extracted from the selected studies and entered into a standardised database: population demographics; exclusion and inclusion criteria; diagnostic tests; sensitivity; specificity; the number of true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative values; therapy used, including dose and duration; and delay between symptom onset and therapy commencement.Data synthesis:This systematic review combined data from 679 patients with immunomediated hearing loss, reported by 22 research teams. Substantial heterogeneity was found among the included studies; for this reason, summary sensitivity and specificity values were not computed.Conclusions:The results of diagnostic tests for immunomediated hearing loss depend on many factors, and there is a risk of potential bias. This is the first time that such a systematic review has been presented; such a review is a more rigorous method of demonstrating the utility of the available diagnostic tests.
Botulinum toxin as adjunctive therapy in refractory laryngeal granuloma
Authors: Damrose E J , Damrose J F 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjective:This study evaluated the role of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of refractory laryngeal granulomas.Study design and setting:Retrospective clinical review at a tertiary care hospital. Seven patients with vocal process granulomas underwent percutaneous injection of botulinum toxin into both vocal folds, performed in an office setting. Total doses ranged from 10 to 25 U, divided between both vocal folds.Results:All patients experienced resolution of their granulomas over two to seven weeks. No patient developed aspiration pneumonia. All patients experienced hoarseness secondary to the injections, but voice quality returned to baseline in all patients as the toxin was degraded.Conclusions:Botulinum toxin is safe and effective therapy in resolving vocal process granulomas in patients refractory to traditional therapy. The optimal treatment dose remains to be determined.Significance:Percutaneous botulinum toxin injection is helpful in resolving laryngeal granulomas.
Heterozygosity and parasite intensity: lung parasites in the water frog hybridization complex
Authors: JOLY P. , GUESDON V. , FROMONT E. , PLENET S. , GROLET O. , GUEGAN J. F. , HURTREZ-BOUSSES S. , THOMAS F. , RENAUD F. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYIn hybridogenetic systems, hybrid individuals are fully heterozygous because one of the parental genomes is discarded from the germinal line before meiosis. Such systems offer the opportunity to investigate the influence of heterozygosity on susceptibility to parasites. We studied the intensity of lung parasites (the roundwormRhabdias bufomisand the flukeHaplometra cylindracea) in 3 populations of water frogs of theRana lessonae-esculentacomplex in eastern France. In these mixed populations, hybrid frogs (R. esculenta) outnumbered parental ones (R. lessonae). Despite variation in parasite intensity and demographic variability among populations, the relationship between host age and intensity of parasitism suggests a higher susceptibility in parentals than in hybrids. Mortality is probably enhanced by lung parasites in parental frogs. On the other hand, while parental frogs harboured higher numbers ofH. cylindraceathan hybrid frogs, the latter had higher numbers ofR. bufonis. Despite such discrepancies, these results support the hybrid resistance hypothesis, although other factors, such as differences in body size, age-related immunity, differential exposure risks and hemiclonal selection, could also contribute to the observed patterns of infection.
Mechanisms underlying reduced expulsion of a murine nematode infection during protein deficiency
Authors: TU T. , KOSKI K. G. , SCOTT M. E. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYBalb/c mice infected with the gastrointestinal nematodeHeligmosomoides bakeriwere fed protein sufficient (PS, 24%) or deficient (PD, 3%) diets to investigate whether diet, infection or dose of larval challenge (0, 100 or 200 larvae) influenced gut pathophysiology and inflammation. Among the PS mice, worms were more posteriorad in the intestine of mice infected with 200 compared with 100 larvae, suggesting active expulsion in the more heavily infected mice. This was consistent with the positive correlation between worm numbers and fluid leakage in PS mice; similar patterns were not detected in the PD mice. Infection also induced villus atrophy, which was more pronounced in PS than in PD mice. Our cytokine screening array indicated that infection in PD mice elevated a wide range of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Whereas serum leptin concentrations were higher in PD mice, monocyte chemotactic protein-5 (MCP-5) in serum increased with increasing larval dose and concentrations were lower in PD than PS mice. We suggest that elevated MCP-5 together with villus atrophy may contribute to the apparent dose-dependent expulsion ofH. bakerifrom PS mice but that delayed expulsion in PD mice appeared related to a predominant Th1 cytokine profile that may be driven by leptin.
Identification and characterization of a novel specific secreted protein family for selected members of the subfamily Ostertagiinae (Nematoda)
Authors: SAVERWYNS H. , VISSER A. , NISBET A. J. , PEELAERS I. , GEVAERT K. , VERCRUYSSE J. , CLAEREBOUT E. , GELDHOF P. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYIt has been shown that the bovine abomasal parasite,Ostertagia ostertagi, drastically modulates its microenvironment, causing epithelial cell damage, accumulation of inflammatory cells and pH changes in the stomach. The mechanisms used by the parasite to change the abomasal environment are largely unknown, but an important role has been attributed to excretory-secretory (ES) products from the parasite. In this study we have identified proteins representing a novel ES protein family, characterized by the SCP/Tpx-1/Ag5/PR-1/Sc7 protein motif. These proteins were named Oo-AL1 and Oo-AL2 (O. ostertagiASP-like protein). Both proteins contain a signal peptide and 1 predicted N-glycosylation site. The transcript for Oo-AL1 was present from the L4 stage onwards in both male and female adult worms, whereas the Oo-AL2 transcript was hardly detectable. Western blots of somatic extracts and ES products from different developmental stages ofO. ostertagi, probed with anti-Oo-AL1 antibodies, revealed Oo-AL proteins in the ES products of adult worms. An analysis of the nematode genome and EST databases indicated that these novel ES proteins are unique toO. ostertagiand its relative,Teladorsagia circumcincta, suggesting a key function in these abomasal parasites.
Searching for general patterns in parasite ecology: host identity versus environmental influence on gamasid mite assemblages in small mammals
Authors: KRASNOV B. R. , KORALLO-VINARSKAYA N. P. , VINARSKI M. V. , SHENBROT G. I. , MOUILLOT D. , POULIN R. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYThe abundance and diversity of parasites vary among different populations of host species. In some host-parasite associations, much of the variation seems to depend on the identity of the host species, whereas in other cases it is better explained by local environmental conditions. The few parasite taxa investigated to date make it difficult to discern any general pattern governing large-scale variation in abundance or diversity. Here, we test whether the abundance and diversity of gamasid mites parasitic on small mammals across different regions of the Palaearctic are determined mainly by host identity or by parameters of the abiotic environment. Using data from 42 host species from 26 distinct regions, we found that mite abundances on different populations of the same host species were more similar to each other than expected by chance, and varied significantly among host species, with half of the variance among samples explained by differences between host species. A similar but less pronounced pattern was observed for mite diversity, measured both as species richness and as the taxonomic distinctness of mite species within an assemblage. Strong environmental effects were also observed, with local temperature and precipitation correlating with mite abundance and species richness, respectively, across populations of the same host species, for many of the host species examined. These results are compared to those obtained for other groups of parasites, notably fleas, and discussed in light of attempts to find general rules governing the geographical variation in the abundance and diversity of parasite assemblages.
The influence of air pollution on Thoroughbred race performance
Authors: Gates Maureen C 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study examined the changing levels of air pollution at major racetracks in the United States over the past 35 years of Grade I Stakes Thoroughbred racing (n = 675) to evaluate the impact on race performance. Information on winning race times, race speed, temperature, track conditions, ozone and particulate matter was analysed using multiple regression and ANOVA. The 8, 9 and 12 furlong races showed slight improvement in winning times over the 35-year time span. Although there was no significant difference in mean race speed in terms of particulate matter (F4,112 = 0.514, α < 0.05), the few races run under ‘hazardous’ ozone levels, based on the Pollutants Standards Index, were markedly slower (F4,251 = 12.365, α < 0.05). A multiple regression analysis of six additional pollutants in the Californian races revealed no significant effects beyond a slight improvement in the 7 furlong races, with decreased nitrogen dioxide levels. Of the nine racetracks with 9 furlong races, winning times in Pimlico and Belmont were approximately 4 s slower than average. Belmont also had the greatest percentage of races with hazardous ozone conditions. Other correlations between year, pollutants and improvements in race time were of small magnitude and may be an artefact of the sample size rather than of true predictive value. While racing under high levels of certain pollutants appears detrimental to equine athletes, very few races are run under these conditions and other factors such as breeding, training and individual variation may play a more significant role than this study could document with respect to pollution.
Segmental variation in the activity and function of the equine longissimus dorsi muscle during walk and trot
Authors: Wakeling James M , Ritruechai Pattama , Dalton Sarah , Nankervis Kathryn 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMuscle function depends in part on the interplay between its activity and its length within the stretch-shortening cycle. Thelongissimus dorsiis a large epaxial muscle running along the thoracic and lumbar regions of the equine back. Due to its anatomical positioning, thelongissimus dorsihas the capability of contributing to many functions: developing bending moments in the dorsoventral and lateral (coupled to axial rotation) directions and also providing stiffness to limit motion in these directions. We hypothesize that the exact function of thelongissimus dorsiwill vary along the back and between gaits as the relation between activity and motion of the back changes. Electromyograms (EMG) were recorded at walk (inclined and level) and trot (on the level) on a treadmill from thelongissimus dorsiat muscle segments T14, T16, T18 and L2. Back motion was additionally measured using a fibre-optic goniometer. Co-contractions of the muscle between its left and right sides were quantified using correlation analysis. A greater dominance of unilateral activity was found at more cranial segments and for level walking, suggesting a greater role of thelongissimus dorsiin developing lateral bending moments. Timing of the EMG varied between muscle segments relative to the gait cycle, the locomotor condition tested and the flexion–extension cycle of the back. This supports the hypothesis that the function of thelongissimus dorsichanges along the back and between gaits.
The Interdisciplinary Team: A Role Definition for Nursing
Authors: Challela Mary 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThe interdisciplinary model of health care has been presented as one alternative to the present disorganized health care delivery system. While fraught with problems exemplified by the various professionals, possessing specific skills and prescribed areas of expertise, the model presents both challenges and opportunities for improved client service as well as professional growth. How nursing responds to the challenges may well determine its inclusion or exclusion in health care planning and delivery.Some of the factors which influence team function were conceptualized and their application to nursing were explored. Suggestions for resolving some of the difficulties were outlined and discussed based somewhat on current literature but primarily on the experience of the writer.
Translating Professional Potential Into Action
Authors: Pardue Stephanie Farley 
Published: October 2007

SummaryProfessional nurses today have an ever‐expanding arena for professional practice and for contributing to the resolution of the health care delivery crisis in our nation. Such pressing issues as reducing health care costs, third party payment for nurses, an expanded nursing practice act, increasing primary health care by nurses, and generally increasing the quality of health care provided must be addressed. Nurses must continuously translate their professional potential into action to become more powerful as individuals and as a group.In 1979 many politicians have little awareness of the “nurse vote”; however, the “teacher vote” is one that is respected and courted. If the majority of the current registered nurses in the nation could coalesce into an identifiable interest group, the political impact could be exhilarating. However, individual nurses must grow into feeling powerful as individuals before they can actively and persistently work toward power as a group. If they feel powerless as individuals, they will quickly become disheartened when the power of the group is threatened.Each individual nurse should work to improve her own situation, and not passively wait the vicissitudes of life. Factors which serve to thwart her in this effort are professional ambivalence, dichotomized thinking, scapegoating, negative assumptions, and the rigid ruts‐no risks syndrome. Factors which serve to enhance her in this effort are a clear personal and professional sense of identity, a high degree of critical thinking ability, assuming responsibility for one's own actions, intellectual re‐fertilization, and being willing to be a risk‐taker. As a philosopher once said, “we might feel some sympathy for the one who tried and failed, but only pity for the one who never even tried.”
Reactions of Families To The Child With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Kruger Susan , Shawver Martha , Jones Linda 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the nature of behavior patterns of families, especially siblings of children with cystic fibrosis. Special attention was given to changes in behaviors of the siblings following the diagnosis of CF. Orem's self‐care theory was used as the framework to describe the data and potential methods of assistance. Twenty‐five siblings from fourteen different families consented to be interviewed. The mean age was 9.78 years. The data revealed considerable changes in family activities which represented interruption in the universal self‐care requisite for solitude and social interaction. Family vacations involving travel were reduced because of anxieties relating to possible crises and adequacy of medical assistance while traveling. The findings revealed a serious lack of nursing involvement with these families. Most of the care was given by physicians and social workers who saw the families only in the clinic setting. The applications of five methods of assistance are described as suggestions for nursing involvement.