bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of wrist posture on carpal tunnel pressure while typing
Authors: Rempel David M. , Keir Peter J. , Bach Joel M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLong weekly hours of keyboard use may lead to or aggravate carpal tunnel syndrome. The effects of typing on fluid pressure in the carpal tunnel, a possible mediator of carpal tunnel syndrome, are unknown. Twenty healthy subjects participated in a laboratory study to investigate the effects of typing at different wrist postures on carpal tunnel pressure of the right hand. Changes in wrist flexion/extension angle (p = 0.01) and radial/ulnar deviation angle (p = 0.03) independently altered carpal tunnel pressure; wrist deviations in extension or radial deviation were associated with an increase in pressure. The activity of typing independently elevated carpal tunnel pressure (p = 0.001) relative to the static hand held in the same posture. This information can guide the design and use of keyboards and workstations in order to minimize carpal tunnel pressure while typing. The findings may also be useful to clinicians and ergonomists in the management of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome who use a keyboard. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1269–1273, 2008
Models of tibial fracture healing in normal and Nf1‐deficient mice
Authors: Schindeler Aaron , Morse Alyson , Harry Lorraine , Godfrey Craig , Mikulec Kathy , McDonald Michelle , Gasser Jürg A. , Little David G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDelayed union and nonunion are common complications associated with tibial fractures, particularly in the distal tibia. Existing mouse tibial fracture models are typically closed and middiaphyseal, and thus poorly recapitulate the prevailing conditions following surgery on a human open distal tibial fracture. This report describes our development of two open tibial fracture models in the mouse, where the bone is broken either in the tibial midshaft (mid‐diaphysis) or in the distal tibia. Fractures in the distal tibial model showed delayed repair compared to fractures in the tibial midshaft. These tibial fracture models were applied to both wild‐type and Nf1‐deficient (Nf1+/−) mice. Bone repair has been reported to be exceptionally problematic in human NF1 patients, and these patients can also spontaneously develop tibial nonunions (known as congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia), which are recalcitrant to even vigorous intervention. pQCT analysis confirmed no fundamental differences in cortical or cancellous bone in Nf1‐deficient mouse tibiae compared to wild‐type mice. Although no difference in bone healing was seen in the tibial midshaft fracture model, the healing of distal tibial fractures was found to be impaired in Nf1+/− mice. The histological features associated with nonunited Nf1+/− fractures were variable, but included delayed cartilage removal, disproportionate fibrous invasion, insufficient new bone anabolism, and excessive catabolism. These findings imply that the pathology of tibial pseudarthrosis in human NF1 is complex and likely to be multifactorial. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1053–1060, 2008
Polarized Raman scattering and lattice eigenmodes of antiferromagnetic NdFeO3
Authors: Singh Manoj K. , Jang Hyun M. , Gupta H. C. , Katiyar Ram S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe first‐ and second‐order Raman‐active phonons in the orthorhombic Pbnm NdFeO3 single crystals were studied by means of polarized Raman scattering and lattice dynamics computations (LDC). The zone‐center phonons of Ag symmetry were distinguished from the B1g eigenmodes by performing polarized Raman scattering experiments using two parallel polarization configurations, X′(ZZ)X′ and Z(X′X′)Z. With the help of LDC, we were able to assign most of the observed Raman‐active modes, including phonons of B2g and B3g symmetry. The LDC results indicated that among the 16 force constants employed, the one corresponding to the stretching vibration between the central Fe cation and the axial oxygen atom in a FeO6 octahedron unit had the largest value. This suggests that the B‐site Fe cation is more tightly bound to the axial O1 ion than the other two equatorial O2 ions. It was further shown that at higher wavenumbers, the displacement of oxygen atoms contributed dominantly to the zone‐center vibrations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragile X syndrome associated with tic disorders
Authors: Schneider Susanne A. , Robertson Mary M. , Rizzo Renata , Turk Jeremy , Bhatia Kailash P. , Orth Michael 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMovement disorders other than late onset tremor‐ataxia in association with fragile X syndrome, the most common identifiable cause of inherited mental retardation, seem to be rare. Here we describe five male patients from three unrelated families with fragile X syndrome that presented with motor and phonic tics. Clinically, 4 patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) while 1 patient would have been diagnosed with an adult onset tic disorder. However, in all patients onset of tics was considerably later than in typical GTS. Three patients had atypical tics and two patients reported waxing and waning of tic intensity over time. Four of the 5 patients showed clinical signs typical of fragile X syndrome, in particular dysmorphic features, learning difficulties and speech and language problems that required special treatment. All patients had co‐morbidities common to both GTS and fragile X syndrome. We suggest considering fragile X syndrome in GTS complicated by co‐morbidity with late onset of atypical tics, in particular when learning disability and dysmorphic features are present. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Synthesis of a novel series of polymerizable surfactants and application in emulsion polymerization
Authors: Sun Yingli , Qiao Weihong , Liu Hongzhu 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA series of polymerization surfactants (surfmers) was synthesized, whose structures combined the characteristics of polyoxyethylene as nonionic group and quaternary ammonium a as cationic group. The structures of the product were confirmed by MS, and the content of cationic‐activity matter was determined by two‐phase titration. The surfmers were then used with constant addition profiles in semicontinuous polymerization of vinyl acetate–butyl acrylate–Veova 10–hexafluorobutyl methacrylate, and the polydispersity indexes (PDI) were lower than 0.1. The particle size, amount of coagulum, and stability against electrolyte and freeze/thaw were evaluated. As a reference, an unreactive surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was also used for the polymerization. Compared to CTAB, the surfmers behaved much better. Not only stabilities to electrolyte and water resistance were improved, but also freeze/thaw stability got a superior performance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glioblastoma stem cells produce vascular endothelial growth factor by activation of a G‐protein coupled formylpeptide receptor FPR
Authors: Yao X‐H , Ping Y‐F , Chen J‐H , Xu C‐P , Chen D‐L , Zhang R , Wang JM , Bian X‐W 
Published: March 2008

AbstractGlioma stem cells (GSCs), or stem cell‐like glioma cells, isolated from malignant glioma cell lines, were capable of producing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, the exact role of such tumour cells in angiogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we isolated a small proportion of CD133+ GSCs from the human glioblastoma cell line U87 and found that these GSCs possessed multipotent differentiation potential and released high levels of VEGF as compared with CD133− tumour cells. The CD133+ GSCs also formed larger xenograft tumours that contained higher VEGF immunoreactivity and denser microvessels. Moreover, GSCs expressed a functional G protein‐coupled formylpeptide receptor FPR, which was activated by a chemotactic peptide ligand, N‐formylmethionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLF), to mediate calcium flux and the production of VEGF by GSCs. Our results indicate that FPR expressed by human GSCs may play an important role in glioma angiogenesis. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Each bibliography is divided into 20 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Anti‐infective Agents; 4 Cardiovascular System Agents; 5 CNS Depressive Agents; 6 Non‐steroidal Anti‐inflammatory Agents; 7 CNS Agents; 8 Anti‐neoplastic Agents; 9 Haematological Agents; 10 Neuroregulator‐Blocking Agents; 11 Dermatological Agents; 12 Immunosuppressive Agents; 13 Autonomic Agents; 14 Respiratory System Agents; 15 Neuromuscular Agents; 16 Reproductive System Agents; 17 Gastrointestinal System Agents; 18 Anti‐inflammatory Agents ‐ Steroidal; 19 Teratogens/fetal exposure; 20 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted.
The association between substance use co‐morbidity in adolescence and adult criminal behaviour
Authors: Kjelsberg Ellen 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe impact of substance use co‐morbidity in adolescence on criminal behaviour in adulthood was investigated in a long‐term follow‐up study of former adolescent psychiatric in‐patients. A nationwide representative sample of 1  095 adolescents (46% females) was followed up 15‐33 years after admission to the National Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Oslo, Norway. At index hospitalisation in adolescence, 32% fulfilled the DSM‐IV criteria for a co‐morbid substance use disorder (SUD). At follow‐up, 63% of all males and 39% of all females had received a court conviction. SUD in adolescence seemed to be a sine qua non for later registered overall criminality in females but not in males. The association between substance use co‐morbidity and later violent offending was strong in both genders. Substance use was closely associated with life‐course‐persistent criminality and more serious criminal careers in both genders. Substance use was also associated with increased mortality. Analysing secular trends in criminal activity during the last several decades, we found that substance use co‐morbidity remained an independent predictor for violent and drug related offences in both genders after controlling for cohort membership. The findings could help identify high‐risk populations in need of preventive interventions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profiling the metabolic proteome of bovine mammary tissue
Authors: Beddek Amanda J. , Rawson Pisana , Peng Lifeng , Snell Russell , Lehnert Klaus , Ward Hamish E. , Jordan T. William 
Published: March 2008

Abstract2‐DE and MALDI mass fingerprinting were used to analyse mammary tissue from lactating Friesian cows. The goal was detection of enzymes in metabolic pathways for synthesis of milk molecules including fatty acids and lactose. Of 418 protein spots analysed by PMF, 328 were matched to database sequences, resulting in 215 unique proteins. We detected 11 out of the 15 enzymes in the direct pathways for conversion of glucose to fatty acids, two of the pentose phosphate pathway enzymes and two of the enzymes for lactose synthesis from glucose. We did not detect enzymes that catalyse the first three reactions of glycolysis. Our results are typical of enzyme detection using 2‐DE of mammalian tissues. We therefore advocate caution when relating enzyme abundances measured by 2‐DE to metabolic output as not all relevant proteins are detected. 2‐D DIGE was used to measure interindividual variation in enzyme abundance from eight animals. We extracted relative protein abundances from 2‐D DIGE data and used a logratio transformation that is appropriate for compositional data of the kind represented in many proteomics experiments. Coefficients of variation for abundances of detected enzymes were 3–8%. We recommend use of this transformation for DIGE and other compositional data.
Characterizing the dynamic nature of the Yersinia pestis periplasmic proteome in response to nutrient exhaustion and temperature change
Authors: Pieper Rembert , Huang Shih‐Ting , Clark David J. , Robinson Jeffrey M. , Parmar Prashanth P. , Alami Hamid , Bunai Christine L. , Perry Robert D. , Fleischmann Robert D. , Peterson Scott N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe periplasmic proteome of Yersinia pestis strain KIM6+ was characterized using differential 2‐DE display of proteins isolated from several subcellular fractions. Circa 160 proteins were designated as periplasmic, including 62 (putative) solute‐binding proteins of ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters (SBPs) and 46 (putative) metabolic enzymes. More than 30 SBPs were significantly increased in abundance during stationary phase cell growth, compared to the exponential phase. The data suggest that nutrient exhaustion in the stationary phase triggers cellular responses resulting in the induced expression of numerous ABC transporters, which are responsible for the import of solutes/nutrients. Limited availability of inorganic phosphate (Pi) also caused dramatic proteomic changes. Nine proteins were functionally linked to the mobilization and import of three small molecules (Pi, phosphonate and glycerol‐3‐phosphate) and accounted for nearly half of the total protein mass in the periplasm of Pi‐starved cells. When cells were grown at 26°C versus 37°C, corresponding to ambient temperatures in the flea vector and mammalian hosts, respectively, several periplasmic proteins with no known roles in the Y. pestis life cycle were strongly altered in abundance. This included a putative nitrate/sulfonate/bicarbonate‐specific SBP (Y1004), encoded by the virulence‐associated plasmid pMT1 and increased in abundance at 37°C.
Treatment of missing values for multivariate statistical analysis of gel‐based proteomics data
Authors: Pedreschi Romina , Hertog Maarten L. A. T. M. , Carpentier Sebastien C. , Lammertyn Jeroen , Robben Johan , Noben Jean‐Paul , Panis Bart , Swennen Rony , Nicolaï Bart M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe presence of missing values in gel‐based proteomics data represents a real challenge if an objective statistical analysis is pursued. Different methods to handle missing values were evaluated and their influence is discussed on the selection of important proteins through multivariate techniques. The evaluated methods consisted of directly dealing with them during the multivariate analysis with the nonlinear estimation by iterative partial least squares (NIPALS) algorithm or imputing them by using either k‐nearest neighbor or Bayesian principal component analysis (BPCA) before carrying out the multivariate analysis. These techniques were applied to data obtained from gels stained with classical postrunning dyes and from DIGE gels. Before applying the multivariate techniques, the normality and homoscedasticity assumptions on which parametric tests are based on were tested in order to perform a sound statistical analysis. From the three tested methods to handle missing values in our datasets, BPCA imputation of missing values showed to be the most consistent method.
Functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotube via surface reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and as lubricant additives
Authors: Pei Xiaowei , Liu Weimin , Hao Jingcheng 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPolymer‐grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrid composite which possess a hard backbone of MWCNT and a soft shell of brush‐like polystyrene (PSt) were synthesized. The reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents were successfully immobilized onto the surface of MWCNT first, and PSt chains were subsequently grafted from sidewall of MWCNT via RAFT polymerization. Chemical structure of resulting product and the quantities of grafted polymer were determined by Fourier transform infrared, thermal gravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X‐ray photoelectron spectra. Transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy images clearly indicate that the nanotubes were coated with a polymer layer. Furthermore, the functionalized MWCNT as additives was added to base lubricant and the tribological property of resultant MWCNT lubricant was investigated with four‐ball machines. The results indicate that the functionalization led to an improvement in the dispersion of MWCNT and as additives it amended the tribological property of base lubricant. The mechanism of the significant improvements on the tribological properties of the functionalized MWCNT as additives was discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3014–3023, 2008
Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic fluorinated pentablock copolymers based on Pluronic F127
Authors: He Jinlin , Ni Peihong , Liu Cuicui 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe synthesis and self‐assembly behavior of pentablock copolymers consisting of Pluronic F127 (PEO100‐PPO65‐PEO100) and poly(2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5‐octafluoropentyl methacrylate) (POFPMA) is herein described. Using the difunctional potassium alcoholate of F127, K+O–‐(PEO100‐PPO65‐PEO100)‐O–K+, as the macroinitiator, the POFPMA‐F127‐POFPMA pentablock copolymers were synthesized via oxyanion‐initiated polymerization. The chain length of POFPMA can be controlled by the original molar ratio of macroinitiator to OFPMA monomer, that is, F‐monomer. The composition and chemical structure of POFPMA‐F127‐POFPMA pentablock copolymers have been characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, and 19F NMR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography techniques. The solution behavior of POFPMA‐F127‐POFPMA copolymers was investigated by the methods of surface tension, cloud point, transmission electron microscopy, and high performance particle sizer (HPPS). The results indicate that these Pluronic F127‐based block copolymers modified with fluorinated segments possess relatively high surface activity and low cloud points, depending on various factors, such as the length of fluorinated block, the concentration of the copolymers in aqueous solution, and the adscititious inorganic salt. TEM measurements showed that the pentablock copolymers can self‐assemble in aqueous solution to form various micellar morphologies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3029–3041, 2008
Germanes as efficient coinitiators in radical and cationic photopolymerizations
Authors: Lalevée Jacques , Dirani Ali , El‐Roz Mohamad , Allonas Xavier , Fouassier Jean Pierre 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this article, germanes are presented as new coinitiators for both radical and cationic photopolymerization processes. For the free radical polymerization process, the newly proposed structures are characterized by efficiencies similar or better than the reference amine. Germyl radicals are also found to be excellent initiators for free radical promoted cationic photopolymerization (FRPCP) of an epoxy resin. The associated reactivity is even better under air. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3042–3047, 2008
Thermal conductivity of porous copper manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process
Authors: Thewsey D. J. , Zhao Y. Y. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article describes an experimental investigation on the thermal conductivity of open‐celled porous copper manufactured by the Lost Carbonate Sintering process. The thermal conductivity was either measured directly using Corsan's method or calculated from electrical conductivity values using the Wiedemann–Franz law. The relationship between thermal conductivity and relative density followed the power law, with the exponents being 2.05 for the former and 2.96 for the latter method. The thermal conductivity measured by Corsan's method was higher than that calculated from electrical conductivity, mainly because the sintering defects in the cell walls made contributions to thermal conduction but not to electrical conduction. The pore size had no significant effect on the thermal conductivity. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical characterization of AlGaN/GaN on AlN substrates
Authors: Mitchel W. C. , Elhamri S. , Landis G. , Gaska R. , Schujman S. B. , Schowalter L. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe results of an electrical transport study of an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure grown on a bulk AlN substrate are presented. Temperature dependent Hall effect and magnetoresistance measurements were made on an MOCVD grown heterostructure. The temperature dependences of the carrier concentration and mobility are characteristic of a two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The carrier concentration was 1.19x1013 cm–2 at room temperature and 1.02x1013 cm–2 at 77 K while the mobility was 1100 cm2/Vs at room temperature and 5280 cm2/Vs at 77 K. The magnetoresistance measurements revealed the presence of Shubnikov – de Haas (SdH) oscillations. Illumination of the sample resulted in a persistent photocurrent, and an enhanced SdH oscillation amplitude with an increased quantum scattering time. The ratio of the classical to quantum scattering times, τc/τq, was 4.3, which is similar to values for AlGaN/GaN structures on other substrates. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enhancement of (AlGaIn)N near‐UV LED efficiency using freestanding GaN substrate
Authors: Maier M. , Köhler K. , Kunzer M. , Wiegert J. , Liu S. , Kaufmann U. , Wagner J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe effect of freestanding GaN‐substrates with low defect density (DD) on the electroluminescence (EL) characteristics of near UV‐LEDs has been investigated. Three series of LED‐structures with wavelengths between 377 nm and 435 nm are compared, one grown on freestanding HVPE GaN‐substrates, one grown on low dislocation GaN templates on sapphire (ULD), and one grown directly on sapphire substrates with conventional low temperature nucleation. The reduction in DD results in an enhancement of the EL intensity over the whole wavelength range, which is particularly pronounced for wavelengths shorter than 390 nm. Comparing the output power of LEDs on these three different substrates special attention has to be paid to differences in light extraction efficiency. Though band‐to‐band absorption limits the use of freestanding GaN to wavelengths exceeding 380 nm, it offers the possibility to enhance the light extraction via simple backside surface texturing by a factor of at least 2. This way we fabricated a LED‐structure on freestanding GaN with an output power measured on‐wafer of 13 mW at 395 nm and 40 mA injection current, i.e. an enhancement in EL intensity of 270% over the same LED structure grown on sapphire. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)