bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multichannel cochlear implantation in obliterated cochleas using the gantz procedure
Authors: Steenerson Ronald L. , Gary Lucinda B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGantz, et al. reported two patients with extensive cochlear ossification in which cochlear implantation was done with a Nucleus 22‐Channel Cochlear Implant after extensive cochlear drill‐out. One of the patients did well with 20 functioning electrode pairs. We report an additional three patients with extensive cochlear ossification who received Nucleus 22‐Channel Cochlear Implants. All three patients had extensive cochlear drill‐out as described by Gantz, et al. All three patients have use of all 21 electrode pairs with amperages typical of conventional implantation in two of the three and slightly increased levels in the third. Extensive bilateral cochlear ossification does not seem to be an absolute contraindication for multichannel cochlear implantation.
The effect of decongestive nosedrops on human respiratory mucosa in Vitro
Authors: Berg Øystein H. , Lie Kathrine , Steinsvåg Sverre K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the morphological effects of decongestive drops and sprays on human respiratory mucosa in vitro. Precultured fragments of adenoid tissue in a specially designed tissue culture system were exposed to decongestive preparations for 10 minutes once a day for 10 days. Tissue exposed to preparations preserved with benzalkonium chloride and tissue exposed to benzalkonium chloride alone underwent severe morphological alterations. Unpreserved decongestive substances did not have this effect. Benzalkonium chloride is a well‐documented toxic substance in several respects. Supported by previous studies, it may seem unfortunate to use it as an additive in decongestive preparations.
Gene transfer into human thyroid follicular cells
Authors: O'Malley Bert W. , Adams R. Mark , Sikes Michael L. , Ledley Fred D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe authors established a means of effective gene transfer into human thyroid follicular cells via retroviral‐mediated mechanisms. Using specific harvest and culture techniques, we investigated the selection of human thyroid cells in serum‐free media. Normal adult human thyroid tissue was obtained after thyroidectomy from fresh specimens sent for frozen‐section analysis. Follicular cells were harvested and grown in hormonally defined, serum‐free media to prevent fibroblast growth with selection for differentiated function assessed by immunohisto‐chemical staining for thyroglobulin. The efficiency of gene transfer into human thyroid cells was compared between the zen‐β‐gal and LNL6 retroviral vectors. The zen‐β‐gal retrovirus encodes the product β‐galactosidase, and gene expression was demonstrated by histochemical staining in 0.1% to 1% of the cells. An improved efficiency of 2% to 3% transduction was demonstrated using the LNL6 vector which carries the gene for neomycin resistance (NEO‐R). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification of the integrated proviral sequence (NEO‐R gene) with Southern blot confirmation was used to quantitate LNL6 transductions and compare confluent versus actively dividing cell cultures. Follicular cell gene therapy has significant potential for treating congenital or acquired diseases of the thyroid as well as disorders of circulating proteins such as diabetes, hypopituitarism, and hemophilia. The ability to culture human follicular cells and perform effective gene transfer is paramount in the eventual realization of thyroid gene therapy.
Crystal-Size Dependence of Illite-Smectite Isotope Equilibration with Changing Fluids
Authors: Williams Lynda B. , Hervig Richard L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDifferences in equilibration rates among crystals of different sizes may be used to deduce paleofluid changes over time if the crystal-growth mechanism is known. To explore isotopic equilibration rates as a function of illite growth, we studied B-isotope changes during illitization of smectite. Montmorillonite (<2.0 µm SWy-1, K saturated) was reacted with aqueous boric acid (1000 ppm B) at 300°C, 100 MPa in sealed Au capsules (1:1 fluid:mineral ratio). The initial fluid was 0‰ (NBS 951 standard) but after R1 ordering occurred (65 days of reaction) the fluid was changed to −7‰ in order to examine the rate of isotopic re-equilibration. Samples were taken intermittently throughout the experiment. Each aliquot was NH4 exchanged and size separated into fine (<0.2 µm), medium (0.2–2.0 µm) and coarse (>2.0 µm) fractions. The isotopic composition of B in the tetrahedral sheet was then measured for comparison with the predicted equilibrium values.The fine fraction showed equilibrium isotope ratios within 10 days, indicating that small, newly nucleated crystals precipitate in equilibrium with the fluid under supersaturated, closed conditions. These fine-fraction minerals did not re-equilibrate when the fluid was changed. The medium fraction gradually equilibrated with the initial fluid as illite grew to values >50%, but did not re-equilibrate with the later fluid. The coarse fraction was slow to begin recrystallization, perhaps due to dissolution kinetics of large crystals or the presence of detrital contaminants. However, it showed the fastest rate of isotopic change with crystal growth after R1 ordering. We conclude that at 300°C, the initial B–O bonds formed in illite are stable, and isotopic re-equilibration only occurs on new crystal growth. Therefore, different isotope ratios are preserved in different crystal size fractions due to different rates of crystal growth. Large crystals may reflect equilibrium with recent fluid while smaller crystals may retain isotope compositions reflecting equilibrium with earlier fluids.
Geology, Mineralogy and Origin of Clay Minerals of the Pliocene Fluvial-Lacustrine Deposits in the Cappadocian Volcanic Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Gürel Ali , Kadır Selahattın 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Güzelöz-İncesu Plateaus are situated in the central and eastern parts of the Cappadocian volcanic province (central Anatolia). This province contains many ignimbrite levels, andesite, basalt intercalated with several paleosols, calcrete, carbonate, fluvial sediments, diatomaceous clayey sediments and pyroclastic sedimentary levels. The presence of mottling, sesquioxide, root traces, rhizoids and burrows in continuous, finely bedded and laminated sediments, paleosols, calcrete, the occurrence of bone- and teeth-bearing reworked pyroclastic materials, and the description of the lithofacies in the study area indicate fluvial and shallow-lake environments. These environments are dominated by smectite and illite, with traces of kaolinite, associated mainly with plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, calcite, opal-CT, pyroxene (diopside, rare hypersthene), and locally trace amounts of gypsum and sepiolite. Smectite predominates in paleosols and calcrete units, and generally increases upwards in the profiles, coinciding with a gradual increase in the degree of alteration. Partial to complete alteration of plagioclase, K-feldspar, pyroxene and partial devitrification of glass-shard particles in pyroclastic rocks, development of microsparitic to sparitic cement comprising euhedral rhombic calcite crystals between irregular clay nodules in paleosol and calcrete samples, along with the occurrence of dogtooth-type sparitic crystals in fractures, desiccation cracks and geopetal-type fenestrae, indicate alternating periods of drought and wet, resulting in the development of paleosols and calcretes. Micromorphological development of spongiform smectite on mainly relict feldspar and, locally, on glass shards, indicates an authigenic origin, whereas illite formed either authigenically or by conversion of smectite to illite-smectite.
The Smectite-to-Disordered Kaolinite Transition in a Tropical Soil Chronosequence, Pacific Coast, Costa Rica
Authors: Fisher G. Burch , Ryan Peter C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSoils developed on Quaternary fluvial fill terraces in the humid tropics of Costa Rica display progressive changes in mineral assemblage, chemical composition and particle size with age. Clay minerals from B horizons of active floodplains are predominantly smectite with lesser amounts of disordered kaolinite. B horizons in 5 to 10 ka soils consist of sub-equal amounts of smectite and disordered kaolinite, and soils on 37–125 ka terraces consist of disordered kaolinite with only traces of smectite. The composition of the smectite, as determined by EDX scans of smectite-rich pore space, is [(Mg0.2,Ca0.1)(Fe0.6Al1.4)(Si3.6Al0.4)O10(OH)2], consistent with ferruginous beidellite.Bulk mineral assemblage varies from a smectite-plagioclase-augite-quartz-magnetite assemblage in ⩽ 10 ka terrace soils to a disordered kaolinite-goethite-hematite-quartz-magnetite assemblage in ⩾37 ka terrace soils. Leaching results in rapid loss of soluble base cations and residual concentration of Ti and Zr indicates mass losses of ∼50% by chemical denudation by 125 ka. Plots of terrace age vs. various measures of clay mineralogy, chemical composition, and particle size produce parabolic curves consistent with rapid chemical weathering pre-37 ka and slower to imperceptible rates of change from 37 to 125 ka. For some pedogenic properties, particularly particle size and concentrations of base cations and Zr, soils appear to reach steady-state conditions within 37 ka.These results were applied to interpretation of landscape evolution in this tectonically active region by: (1) facilitating identification of two Holocene (5 ka and 10 ka) terraces on the Esterillos Block 5–30 m above sea level (masl), and two Pleistocene terraces ⩾ 125 ka on the Parrita Block 30 masl, and, in turn, (2) documenting uplift rates as high as 4.4 m/ka between 37 and 10 ka on the Esterillos Block, and as low as 0.1 m/ka over the past 125 ka on the adjacent Parrita Block. These findings are consistent with previous work indicating that the subduction of anomalous bathymetric features at the Middle America Trench is having a significant impact on fore-arc dynamics and topography over relatively short geological time periods and spatial scales.
Fuzzy Phase Diagrams of Clay Minerals
Authors: Varadachari Chandrika 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a novel concept in the thermodynamic derivation of phase diagrams for clay minerals that incorporates fuzzy transition zones. This new technique yields phase diagrams that have graded (fuzzy) zones of mineral occurrences and includes compositional variability within mineral groups. For the construction of these diagrams, 170 minerals belonging to nine different subgroups were used, based on a fuzzy mathematical description of their ‘grades’ or ‘belonging-ness’. Standard free energies of formation of all the minerals were derived and all possible pairs of mineral equilibria were evaluated. Relative intensities of mineral occurrences were determined and membership values of each type of mineral at various zones in a 2D or 3D space were graphically represented. Computations and graphical representations were carried out using programs developed in Mathematica. Diagrams were derived for 25°C, 1 bar with a solution phase containing Si(OH)4, K+, Na+, H+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ under conditions of gibbsite, goethite and ferrous oxide saturation. The resulting diagrams, unlike conventional phase diagrams, show multimineral assemblages, with varying occurrences of different minerals and provide a realistic representation of clay mineral occurrences formed by surface geochemical processes. They show that on the Earth’s surface, only montmorillonite can almost completely predominate the inorganic phase followed by kaolinite, illite and beidellite. Nontronite, glauconite, celadonite and vermiculite would not be neoformed in substantial amounts. A general conformity of derived phase equilibria with experimentally observed equilibria is also observed.
Preprosthetic Periodontal Surgery in the Proximal Area With Modification of the COL Area: Results Following the Reestablishment of the Contact Point
Authors: Papalexiou Vula , Novaes Arthur B. , Macedo Guilherme O. , Luczyszyn Sonia Mara , Muglia Valdir A. 
Published: October 2006

Background: Anatomic characteristics of interproximal areas are dependent on the anatomy, position, and proximal contact of adjacent teeth. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the reestablishment of the interproximal contact following the restorative alveolar interface (RAI) procedure on the interproximal gingival COL and formation of the interdental gingival papilla.Methods: Six mongrel dogs received bilateral apically positioned flaps, crown lengthening, and the RAI procedure on the maxillary fourth bicuspid and first molar. After 2 weeks, in a randomized manner, one side was prepared to receive metallic crowns and the opposite side remained as the control. The crowns were cemented at the 4‐week postoperative period, and the dogs were sacrificed after another 4 weeks, totaling a period of 4 weeks with the full crowns in position and a total of 8 postoperative weeks. Histologic specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Mallory dyes. Sections 6 μm thick were obtained in a bucco‐lingual plane allowing ample visualization of the interproximal area.Results: Clinical measurements revealed that, in the restored sides, four animals had complete fill of the interdental spaces with gingival papilla, whereas the other two dogs had a distance from the contact point to the tip of papilla varying from 0.02 to 0.021 mm. In the control group, papillae were totally reepithelialized with keratinized epithelium and a convex form. The epithelium completely covered the connective tissue and showed both epithelial projections and surface desquamation. On the test group, despite the presence of the prosthesis, the COL morphology modified by preprosthetic surgery was not altered, presenting a convex papilla with a triangular form and with a keratinized epithelium. Additional histologic characteristics were the same as found in the control group.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the reestablishment of the contact point does not revert what was obtained with the RAI procedure; the interproximal tissues remain convex and keratinized.
Review of analytical methods for the determination of chlorine dioxide
Authors: Tzanavaras Paraskevas , Themelis Demetrius , Kika Fotini 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe present study reviews more than twenty years (1985-present) of published research on the development and application of analytical procedures for the determination of chlorine dioxide, a widely used disinfectant and bleaching agent. The review covers a variety of techniques including batch and automated spectrophotometry and fluorimetry, electroanalysis and chromatography. The analytical figures of merit to the methods are presented, while critical discussion regarding their advantages and disadvantages is addressed.
An investigation of skeletal indicators of vitamin D deficiency in adults: Effective markers for interpreting past living conditions and pollution levels in 18th and 19th century Birmingham, England
Authors: Brickley Megan , Mays Simon , Ives Rachel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractVitamin D deficiency in adults is referred to as osteomalacia, and this condition has multiple causes related to factors such as environment, living conditions and cultural practices. Therefore, understanding the types and range of expression of osteomalacia in archaeological bone, using a number of investigative techniques, will have significant implications for interpretations made about past communities. This study aimed to understand the expression of vitamin D deficiency in the skeletons of adults through detailed analysis of human bone from the late 18th and 19th century churchyard of St. Martin's, Birmingham, England, at a gross, radiological and histological level. The collection from St. Martin's is unusual for the period as this central burial ground in Birmingham was used by a wide cross section of society rather than a narrow socio‐economic group as at other sites of this date. Macroscopic and radiological analysis of 291 adults identified seven individuals with osteomalacia, and histological analysis using back‐scattered scanning electron microscopy confirmed the findings. Detailed description of the range of pathological alterations observed in the archaeological skeletons are presented, and possible interpretations of the patterns seen considered. The results of this investigation will enable clear diagnosis and interpretation of this vitamin D deficiency disease, an important socio‐economic indicator, to take place in the future. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Substrate‐Based Folding Process Incorporating Chemodifferentiating ABB′ Three‐Component Reactions of Terminal Alkynoates and 1,2‐Dicarbonyl Compounds: A Skeletal‐Diversity‐Oriented Synthetic Manifold
Authors: Tejedor David , Sántos‐Expósito Alicia , García‐Tellado Fernando 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA novel three‐component reaction (3CR)‐based folding process that is able to generate complexity and skeletal diversity is described. The process utilizes chemodifferentiating organocatalyzed ABB′ 3CRs of a terminal conjugated alkynoate (building block) with α‐dicarbonyl compounds (diversity‐generating blocks) to generate an array of different molecular topologies (γ‐lactones, linear propargylic enol ethers, or 1,3‐dioxolane rings). Amides and esters behave as efficient reactivity‐encoding elements (σ) of the attached keto functionality. Three chemical properties govern the chemical outcome of this folding process: acidity, nucleophilicity (of the catalyst), and carbonyl electrophilicity. Overall, this substrate‐based folding process generates three different molecular architectures from the same modular functionalities (ketones) and under the same reaction conditions (methyl propiolate and tertiary amine). In addition, and very importantly for combinatorial applications, all of the products share a common reactive functionality that allows them to be collective substrates for a subsequent diversity‐generating process.
A Novel Strategy for the Design of 8‐Hydroxyquinolinate‐Based Lanthanide Bioprobes That Emit in the Near Infrared Range
Authors: Comby Steve , Imbert Daniel , Vandevyver Caroline , Bünzli Jean‐Claude G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new polydentate tripodal ligand T2soxMe was synthesized to take advantage of the chelating effect of tridentate 8‐hydroxyquinolinate subunits. Potentiometric and spectrophotometric titrations reveal seven pKa values of between 3.7 and 10.2. In water, the use of T2soxMe leads to thermodynamically stable and soluble LnIII complexes at physiological pH, with conditional stability constants in the range log β11=7.8–8.6. The chelates are resistant toward hydrolysis and show interesting photophysical properties, particularly in the near infrared (NIR) range. The emission lifetimes of the NdIII and YbIII complexes recorded in D2O and H2O suggest the absence of water molecules in the first coordination sphere of the metal ions. Moreover, the low energy of the triplet state allows efficient energy transfer from the ligand to the metal ions: in water at pH 7.4, the sensitization efficacy of the NIR luminescence reaches 75 and ≈100 % for NdIII and YbIII, respectively, leading to overall quantum yields of 0.027 and 0.13 %; ErIII luminescence is also detected. According to the WST‐1 test, the YbIII podate at concentrations of up to 250 μM does not display sizeable cytotoxicity for Jurkat cells after 24 h of incubation. Finally, the same podate is shown to couple to human serum albumin, leading to an increase of 50 % in the NIR‐luminescence intensity.
Which nido:nido‐Macropolyhedral Boranes Are Most Stable?
Authors: Kiani Farooq Ahmad , Hofmann Matthias , et al. et al. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pb122‐: Plumbaspherene.
Authors: Cui Li‐Feng , Huang Xin , Wang Lei‐Ming , Li Jun , Wang Lai‐Sheng 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rhenium Tellurobromide Re6Te16Br6.
Authors: Mironov Yuri V. , Kim Sung‐Jin , Fedorov Vladimir E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Anisotropic Transport and Magnetic Properties of Ternary Uranium Antimonides U3ScSb5 and U3TiSb5.
Authors: Mar Arthur , Tougait Olivier , Potel Michel , Noel Henri , Lopes Elsa B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Isothermal Section of the Gd—Dy—Co Ternary System at 800 K.
Authors: Zhuang Y. H. , Zhu Q. M. , Li J. Q. , Zhou K. W. , Deng J. Q. , He W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dimers of Heptapnictide Anions: As144‐ and P144‐ in the Crystal Structures of [Rb(18‐Crown‐6)]4As14×6NH3 and [Li(NH3)4] 4P14×NH3.
Authors: Hanauer Tobias , Aschenbrenner Juergen C. , Korber Nikolaus 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Amine‐Intercalated Layered SnII Phosphates with Open‐Framework Structures.
Authors: Ramaswamy Padmini , Natarajan Srinivasan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Anodic Fluorination of β,β‐Bis(methylthio)vinyl Phenyl Ketone.
Authors: Cao Yi , Tajima Toshiki , Fuchigami Toshio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient and Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of New P‐Chiral 1,5‐Diphosphanylferrocene Ligands and Their Use in Enantioselective Hydrogenation.
Authors: Chen Weiping , Roberts Stanley M. , Whittall John , Steiner Alexander 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
TEMPO‐Linked Metalloporphyrins as Efficient Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Alcohols and Sulfides.
Authors: Huang Jian‐Ying , Li Shi‐Jun , Wang Yan‐Guang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of (Fluoroalkyl)amines by Deoxyfluorination of Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Nomoto Takashi , Fukuhara Tsuyoshi , Hara Shoji 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.