bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the origins of galactic bars: insights from barred and unbarred galaxies
Authors: López Paula D , Scannapieco Cecilia , Cora Sofía A , Gargiulo Ignacio D 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
A significant fraction of local galaxies exhibit stellar bars, non-axisymmetric structures composed of stars, gas, and dust. Identifying key differences between the properties of barred and unbarred galaxies can uncover clues about the conditions for triggering bar formation. We explore the early stages of bar formation in a small sample of disc barred galaxies extracted from the TNG50 cosmological simulation, and compare their properties to those of unbarred galaxies. According to our results, the most important difference between barred and unbarred galaxies is that the former have systematically higher fractions of stellar to dark matter mass in their inner regions, from very early stages and prior to the formation of the bars. They harbour high initial gas content, fostering increased star formation rates and leading to a central mass concentration that grows faster over time compared to unbarred galaxies. Examining the evolution of the halo spin within $10\, \mathrm{ckpc}$ reveals that barred galaxies have higher angular momentum transfer from the disc to the halo. Curiously, both barred and unbarred galaxies share similar initial low values of the halo spin, consistent with those proposed in the literature for bar formation. Furthermore, we evaluate existing stability criteria to capture the complexity of the process, and investigate the effects of mergers, flybys, and environment as possible drivers of bar formation. We find no clear link between mergers and disc instabilities resulting in the formation of bars, even though some of the simulated barred galaxies might have been influenced by these events.
Cytonuclear Interactions and Subgenome Dominance Shape the Evolution of Organelle-Targeted Genes in the Brassica Triangle of U
Authors: Kan Shenglong , Liao Xuezhu , Lan Lan , Kong Jiali , Wang Jie , Nie Liyun , Zou Jun , An Hong , Wu Zhiqiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The interaction and coevolution between nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes are one of the fundamental hallmarks of eukaryotic genome evolution and, 2 billion yr later, are still major contributors to the formation of new species. Although many studies have investigated the role of cytonuclear interactions following allopolyploidization, the relative magnitude of the effect of subgenome dominance versus cytonuclear interaction on genome evolution remains unclear. The Brassica triangle of U features 3 diploid species that together have formed 3 separate allotetraploid species on similar evolutionary timescales, providing an ideal system for understanding the contribution of the cytoplasmic donor to hybrid polyploid. Here, we investigated the evolutionary pattern of organelle-targeted genes in Brassica carinata (BBCC) and 2 varieties of Brassica juncea (AABB) at the whole-genome level, with particular focus on cytonuclear enzyme complexes. We found partial evidence that plastid-targeted genes experience selection to match plastid genomes, but no obvious corresponding signal in mitochondria-targeted genes from these 2 separately formed allopolyploids. Interestingly, selection acting on plastid genomes always reduced the retention rate of plastid-targeted genes encoded by the B subgenome, regardless of whether the Brassica nigra (BB) subgenome was contributed by the paternal or maternal progenitor. More broadly, this study illustrates the distinct selective pressures experienced by plastid- and mitochondria-targeted genes, despite a shared pattern of inheritance and natural history. Our study also highlights an important role for subgenome dominance in allopolyploid genome evolution, even in genes whose function depends on separately inherited molecules.
COVID-19 Immunologic Antiviral Therapy With Omalizumab (CIAO)—a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Le Michelle , Khoury Lauren , Lu Yang , Prosty Connor , Cormier Maxime , Cheng Mathew P , Fowler Robert , Murthy Srinivas , Tsang Jennifer L Y , Ben-Shoshan Moshe , Rahme Elham , Golchi Shirin , Dendukuri Nandini , Lee Todd C , Netchiporouk Elena 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Omalizumab is an anti-immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody used to treat moderate to severe chronic idiopathic urticaria, asthma, and nasal polyps. Recent research suggested that omalizumab may enhance the innate antiviral response and have anti-inflammatory properties.

Objective
We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in adults hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Methods
This was a phase II randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing omalizumab with placebo (in addition to standard of care) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The primary endpoint was the composite of mechanical ventilation and/or death at day 14. Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality at day 28, time to clinical improvement, and duration of hospitalization.

Results
Of 41 patients recruited, 40 were randomized (20 received the study drug and 20 placebo). The median age of the patients was 74 years and 55.0% were male. Omalizumab was associated with a 92.6% posterior probability of a reduction in mechanical ventilation and death on day 14 with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.11 (95% credible interval 0.002-2.05). Omalizumab was also associated with a 75.9% posterior probability of reduced all-cause mortality on day 28 with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.49 (95% credible interval, 0.06-3.90). No statistically significant differences were found for the time to clinical improvement and duration of hospitalization. Numerically fewer adverse events were reported in the omalizumab group and there were no drug-related serious adverse events.

Conclusions
These results suggest that omalizumab could prove protective against death and mechanical ventilation in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This study could also support the development of a phase III trial program investigating the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect of omalizumab for severe respiratory viral illnesses requiring hospital admission.
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04720612
A Somatic BRCA2-Mutated Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma With Sustained Exceptional Response to Modified FOLFIRINOX
Authors: Jamison Jacob K , May Michael S , Raufi Alexander G , Luk Lyndon , Wong Winston , Mundi Prabhjot S , Manji Gulam A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway deficiency opens multiple therapeutic avenues within pancreatic cancer. Patients with HRR deficiency–associated gene mutations such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 are more susceptible to platinum-based chemotherapies and in those with somatic BRCA mutations, PARP inhibitor therapy prolongs progression-free survival. The case discussed herein illustrates the therapeutic opportunities offered through the identification of HRR deficiency in pancreatic cancer, as well as the challenges associated with treatment and prevention of central nervous system metastases in long-term survivors of pancreatic cancer.
Extended Safety and Tolerability of Darolutamide for Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Adverse Event Time Course in ARAMIS
Authors: Shore Neal D , Gratzke Christian , Feyerabend Susan , Werbrouck Patrick , Carles Joan , Vjaters Egils , Tammela Teuvo L J , Morris David , Aragon-Ching Jeanny B , Concepcion Raoul S , Emmenegger Urban , Fleshner Neil , Grabbert Markus , Lietuvietis Vilnis , Mahammedi Hakim , Cruz Felipe M , Paula Adriano , Pieczonka Christopher , Rannikko Antti , Richardet Martin , Silveira Glauco , Kuss Iris , Le Berre Marie-Aude , Verholen Frank , Sarapohja Toni , Smith Matthew R , Fizazi Karim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) are usually asymptomatic and seek treatments that improve survival but have a low risk of adverse events. Darolutamide, a structurally distinct androgen receptor inhibitor (ARi), significantly reduced the risk of metastasis and death versus placebo in ARAMIS. We assessed the extended safety and tolerability of darolutamide and the time-course profile of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) related to ARis and androgen-suppressive treatment.

Patients and Methods
Patients with nmCRPC were randomized 2:1 to darolutamide (n = 955) or placebo (n = 554). After trial unblinding, patients could receive open-label darolutamide. Tolerability and TEAEs were assessed every 16 weeks. Time interval–specific new and cumulative event rates were determined during the first 24 months of the double-blind period.

Results
Darolutamide remained well tolerated during the double-blind and open-label periods, with 98.8% of patients receiving the full planned dose. The incidence of TEAEs of interest in the darolutamide group was low and ≤2% different from that in the placebo group, except for fatigue. When incidences were adjusted for exposure time, there were minimal differences between the darolutamide double-blind and double-blind plus open-label periods. The rate of initial onset and cumulative incidence of grade 3/4 TEAEs and serious TEAEs were similar for darolutamide and placebo groups over 24 months.

Conclusion
Extended treatment with darolutamide was well tolerated and no new safety signals were observed. Most ARi-associated and androgen-suppressive treatment–related TEAEs occurred at low incidences with darolutamide, were similar to placebo, and showed minimal increase over time with continued treatment.

Trial number
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02200614
Rhetoric and Political Theory
Authors: Meyers Peter Alexander 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to make a general statement about the conduct of political theory, illustrated by reference to a particular instance. Rhetoric properly understood is a mode of inquiry into civic life. The conditions for such inquiry change in modern times with the emergence of new forms of human relationship. Rousseau modernizes the scope and content of rhetorical inquiry by identifying the fact of society as its central object and by disseminating a new discourse around that term with unmatched success and influence. Rhetorical interests are taken over in and after the eighteenth century by the new social sciences. Sociology in this capacious sense provides a new fundamental terrain for political theory. Rousseau aligns himself in many ways with rhetorical traditions as he seeks to refigure citizenship. He therefore exemplifies, perhaps more than any “modern” before the twentieth century, the connection this volume seeks to articulate. Those who reject Rousseau’s imbrication of “the social” and “the political” have misunderstood both. By resituating Rousseau’s project with respect to rhetorical interests, we may correct this error and find a new way forward for political theory.
Whitman and the Poetics of Democracy
Authors: Erkkila Betsy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines Whitman’s democratic poetics, his attempt to create a democratic language, form, content, and myth commensurate with the experimental politics of the American republic, to embody in his poetic persona America’s unique political identity, and to engage the reader as an active participant in the process of poetic and democratic creation. The chapter explores the roots of Whitman’s democratic poetics in the radical political and aesthetic thought of the American and the French Revolutions. Focusing on Leaves of Grass as a language experiment grounded in the idioms of the spoken language, this essay also examines the various democratizing strategies Whitman used to individualize, equalize, and connect people, labor, body, sex, and kosmos in an overall pattern of many in one that highlights the role of the reader and the future in the ongoing process of personal, poetic, and democratic creation.
TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2 defines trichome cell shape by modulating actin cytoskeleton in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Liu Lu , Wang Yali , Cao Weihua , Yang Lan , Zhang Chi , Yuan Lanxin , Wang Dan , Wang Wenjia , Zhang Hongchang , Schiefelbein John , Yu Fei , An Lijun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2 (TTG2) gene encodes a WRKY transcription factor that regulates a range of development events like trichome, seed coat, and atrichoblast formation. Loss-of-function of TTG2 was previously shown to reduce or eliminate trichome specification and branching. Here, we report the identification of an allele of TTG2, ttg2-6. In contrast to the ttg2 mutants described before, ttg2-6 displayed unique trichome phenotypes. Some ttg2-6 mutant trichomes were hyper-branched, whereas others were hypo-branched, distorted, or clustered. Further, we found that in addition to specifically activating R3 MYB transcription factor TRIPTYCHON (TRY) to modulate trichome specification, TTG2 also integrated cytoskeletal signaling to regulate trichome morphogenesis. The ttg2-6 trichomes displayed aberrant cortical microtubules (cMTs) and actin filaments (F-actin) configurations. Moreover, genetic and biochemical analyses showed that TTG2 could directly bind to the promoter and regulate the expression of BRICK1 (BRK1), which encodes a subunit of the actin nucleation promoting complex suppressor of cyclic AMP repressor (SCAR)/Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin homologous protein (WAVE). Collectively, taking advantage of ttg2-6, we uncovered a function for TTG2 in facilitating cMTs and F-actin cytoskeleton-dependent trichome development, providing insight into cellular signaling events downstream of the core transcriptional regulation during trichome development in Arabidopsis.
A systematic evaluation of physical activity and diet policies in Scotland: results from the 2021 Active Healthy Kids Report Card
Authors: Tomaz Simone A , Reilly John J , Johnstone Avril , Hughes Adrienne , Robertson Jenni , Craig Leone C A , Bardid Farid 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Policymaking regarding physical activity (PA) and diet plays an important role in childhood health promotion. This study provides a detailed examination of Scottish government and policy for child and adolescent PA and diet and discusses strengths and areas for improvement.

Methods
Scottish policy documents (n = 18 [PA]; n = 10 [diet])—published in 2011–20—were reviewed for grading using an adapted version of the Health-Enhancing Physical Activity Policy Audit Tool Version 2.

Results
There is clear evidence of leadership and commitment to improving PA and diet and tackling obesity in children and adolescents. The allocation of funds and resources for policy implementation has increased substantially over the past decade. Progress through early key stages of public policymaking—policy agenda and formation—has improved. However, there is limited information on later key stages, including policy monitoring and evaluation.

Conclusions
Childhood PA and diet are a clear priority in Scotland, and PA and diet policies clearly support the desire to achieve other goals, including reducing inequalities and increasing active travel in Scotland. Nonetheless, future policies should be further strengthened through clear(er) plans of implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to support their societal impact.
The Causal Impact of Socio-Emotional Skills Training on Educational Success
Authors: Sorrenti Giuseppe , Zölitz Ulf , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study the long-term effects of a randomized intervention targeting children's socio-emotional skills. The classroom-based intervention for primary school children has positive impacts that persist for over a decade. Treated children become more likely to complete academic high school and enrol in university. Two mechanisms drive these results. Treated children show fewer attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms: they are less impulsive and less disruptive. They also attain higher grades, but they do not score higher on standardized tests. The long-term effects on educational attainment thus appear to be driven by changes in socio-emotional skills rather than cognitive skills.
Electroencephalographic slowing during REM sleep in older adults with subjective cognitive impairment and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Lam Aaron Kin Fu , Carrick James , Kao Chien-Hui , Phillips Craig L , Zheng Yi Zhong , Yee Brendon J , Kim Jong Won , Grunstein Ronald R , Naismith Sharon L , D’Rozario Angela L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
In older adults with Alzheimer’s disease, slowing of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during REM sleep has been observed. Few studies have examined EEG slowing during REM in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and none have examined its relationship with cognition in this at-risk population.

Methods
Two hundred and ten older adults (mean age = 67.0, SD = 8.2 years) underwent comprehensive neuropsychological, medical, and psychiatric assessment and overnight polysomnography. Participants were classified as subjective cognitive impairment (SCI; n = 75), non-amnestic MCI (naMCI, n = 85), and amnestic MCI (aMCI, n = 50). REM EEG slowing was defined as (δ + θ)/(α + σ + β) power and calculated for frontal, central, parietal, and occipital regions. Analysis of variance compared REM EEG slowing between groups. Correlations between REM EEG slowing and cognition, including learning and memory, visuospatial and executive functions, were examined within each subgroup.

Results
The aMCI group had significantly greater REM EEG slowing in the parietal and occipital regions compared to the naMCI and SCI groups (partial η2 = 0.06, p &lt; 0.05 and 0.06, p &lt; 0.05, respectively), and greater EEG slowing in the central region compared to SCI group (partial η2 = 0.03, p &lt; 0.05). Greater REM EEG slowing in parietal (r = −0.49) and occipital regions (r = −0.38 [O1/M2] and −0.33 [O2/M1]) were associated with poorer visuospatial performance in naMCI.

Conclusions
REM EEG slowing may differentiate older adults with memory impairment from those without. Longitudinal studies are now warranted to examine the prognostic utility of REM EEG slowing for cognitive and dementia trajectories.
Empagliflozin Ameliorates the Impaired Osteogenic Differentiation Ability of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Diabetic Osteoporosis by Activating Autophagy
Authors: Yang Shuanglin , Lin Ya , Xie Yuping , Fu Ting , Wu Tianli , Lan Xiaorong , Lou Fangzhi , Xiao Jingang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) from diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) mice showed impaired osteogenic differentiation capacity. Recent studies have shown that in addition to antidiabetic drugs, sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitor-2 (SGLT-2), empagliflozin, can play multipotent roles through various mechanisms of action. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of empagliflozin on osteogenic differentiation of ASCs in DOP mice. Our results showed that osteogenic differentiation potential and autophagy activity weakened in DOP-ASCs when compared to controls. However, empagliflozin enhanced autophagy flux by promoting the formation of autophagosomes and acidification of autophagic lysosomes, resulting in an increase in LC3-II expression and a decrease in SQSTM1 expression. Furthermore, empagliflozin contributed to the reversal of osteogenesis inhibition in DOP-ASCs induced by a diabetic microenvironment. When 3-methyladenine was used to block autophagy activity, empagliflozin could not exert its protective effect on DOP-ASCs. Nonetheless, this study demonstrated that the advent of cellular autophagy attributed to the administration of empagliflozin could ameliorate the impaired osteogenic differentiation potential of ASCs in DOP mice. This finding might be conducive to the application of ASCs transplantation for promoting bone fracture healing and bone regeneration in patients with DOP.
Embryonic stem cell related gene regulates alternative splicing of transcription factor 3 to maintain human embryonic stem cells’ self-renewal and pluripotency
Authors: Xie Wen , Liu Weidong , Wang Lei , Li Shasha , Liao Zilin , Xu Hongjuan , Li Yihan , Jiang Xingjun , Ren Caiping 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Exploring the mechanism of self-renewal and pluripotency maintenance of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is of great significance in basic research and clinical applications, but it has not been fully elucidated. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play a key role in the self-renewal and pluripotency maintenance of hESCs. We previously reported that the lncRNA ESRG, which is highly expressed in undifferentiated hESCs, can maintain the self-renewal and pluripotency of hPSCs. RNA pull-down mass spectrometry showed that ESRG could bind to other proteins, among which heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1) attracted our attention. In this study, we showed that HNRNPA1 can maintain self-renewal and pluripotency of hESCs. ESRG bound to and stabilized HNRNPA1 protein through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In addition, knockdown of ESRG or HNRNPA1 resulted in alternative splicing of TCF3, which originally and primarily encoded E12, to mainly encode E47 and inhibit CDH1 expression. HNRNPA1 could rescue the biological function changes of hESCs caused by ESRG knockdown or overexpression. Our results suggest that ESRG regulates the alternative splicing of TCF3 to affect CDH1 expression and maintain hESCs self-renewal and pluripotency by binding and stabilizing HNRNPA1 protein. This study lays a good foundation for exploring the new molecular regulatory mechanism by which ESRG maintains hESCs self-renewal and pluripotency.
A Lack of Workplace Resources for Social Workers in Schools
Authors: Dull Jennifer 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Social workers support youth in schools, but there is a lack of research that explores the supports that are offered to these helpers. Research suggests workplace coping resources for social workers in other environments that may help buffer the effects of stress; however, there is a significant lack of research on the availability of these resources. The purpose of this study was to determine common available resources to social workers in schools. A total of 100 public school social workers were surveyed using the Workplace Resource Questionnaire for School Social Workers (designed for this study). The study’s findings indicate a significant lack of workplace resources for school social workers; only 27 percent of participants reported regularly available resources outside their schools, and 18 percent and fewer reported resources regularly available in their schools. There was a range in how significant participants felt each resource would support their coping, but many participants felt the resources would support their coping at least minimally. Participants suggested training topics and other resources they felt would help their coping with stress while in the workplace.