bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rat serum lipoproteins during carcinogenesis of the liver in the preneoplastic and the neoplastic state
Authors: Narayan K. Ananth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe serum lipoproteins of rats during carcinogenesis of the liver, induced by N‐2‐fluorenylacetamide, were investigated by disc electrophoresis, preparative ultracentrifugation and lipid and protein analyses. In the case of rats with preneoplastic livers, the very low‐density lipoproteins increased by about 100%, whereas both low‐density and high‐density lipoproteins increased by about 200% as compared with control rats. The serum lipoprotein concentrations were also determined in an additional control group of rats which were given a restricted amount of normal diet. The results established that the reduced intake of feed in carcinogen‐supplemented animals was not responsible for the elevation in serum high‐density lipoproteins. In rats bearing large, primary hepatomas, the total lipids and two lipid classes were significantly increased whereas the total serum proteins were unaffected as compared with control rats. At three different gel concentrations, no striking changes were observed in the total serum electrophoretic patterns of normal and tumor‐bearing animals. The lipoprotein concentrations obtained in this study provided the most conclusive proof to date that most of the serum lipoproteins, including HDL2(1.063 < d < 1.12.5), were significantly elevated in tumor‐bearing animals. On the basis of these and other observations, it was argued that the host serum high‐density lipoprotein concentrations were perhaps related to lipoprotein synthesis by liver tumors or the lack of it by non‐hepatic tumors such as Walker carcinosarcoma, mammary tumor or Ehrlich ascites tumor. In view of certain similarities between serum high‐density lipoproteins and cellular membraneous lipoproteins, it was proposed that these serum lipoproteins were perhaps utilized in the formation of cellular membranes.
Antigènes cellulaires transitoires du foie de rat. I. Sécrétion et synthèse des protéines sériques fetospécifiques au cours du développement et de la régénération hépatiques
Authors: de Néchaud B. , Uriel J. 
Published: February 2007

Transitory cell antigens of rat liver. I. The secretion and synthesis of fetospecific serum proteins during hepatic development and regenerationChanges in the serum concentration of albumin and α‐fetoprotein (αFP) from rat fetuses and newborns were followed by a quantitative immunoprecipitation method, using specific antisera. The concentration curves of the two proteins intersected between 1 and 2 weeks after birth. On the 32nd day, when the albumin concentration was almost at the adult level, no traces of αFP were detectable. Similarly, data have been obtained for the αFP concentration in amniotic fluid and sera from pregnant rats.Radioimmunodiffusion techniques were used to show the incorporation of radiolabelled compounds into several fetospecific and adult serum proteins during normal development as well as during compensatory regeneration after acute poisoning of the liver.When newborn rats and rats aged between 30 and 50 days are subjected to a series of injections of CCl4, one or several waves of αFP secretion are observed. The reappearance of αFP cannot be provoked by CCl4in rats older than 7 weeks. These facts suggest that the resurgence of αFP in hepatic injury of newborn rats and young rats is a consequence of the enhanced activity of some incompletely differentiated cell clones.
The thoracic duct lymph in Hodgkin's disease. II. Quantitative analysis of the cellular composition of the lymph
Authors: Engeset A. , Cooper E. H. , Brennhovd I. , Hoeg K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe rate of cell output from catheterized thoracic ducts was studied in 15 patients with Hodgkin's disease. The thoracic duct lymphocyte and the peripheral blood lymphocyte were correlated. There was no correlation between the total lymphocyte output and involvement of the abdominal nodes. Abdominal node involvement increased the numbers of lymphoblasts in the lymph, and also the number of macrophages and histiocytes. Reed‐Sternberg cells and Hodgkin's cells were present in the thoracic duct lymph in all patients with involvement of the para‐aortic nodes above the L IV level. Quantitative cytochemical studies were made on the cell population.
Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma with actinomycin‐D and cyclophosphamide: Results of a randomtzed cltnical trial
Authors: Vogel Charles L. , Templeton Christina J. , Templeton Alexander C. , Taylor John F. , Kyalwazi Sebastian K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA randomized trial of cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of florid and infiltrative types of Kaposi's sarcoma is reported. One of 10 patients treated with cyclophosphamide and nine of 12 patients treated with actinomycin D had tumour regression, demonstrating the superiority of the latter form of therapy. Patients with florid lesions responded more rapidly and completely than those with infiltrative lesions. Histologically, those tumours with the monocellular pattern accompanied by marked fibrosis or those with anaplastic variants proved to be refractory to therapy.
Rates per 100,000 births and incidence of choriocarcinoma and malignant mole in Singapore Chinese and Malays. Comparison with connecticut, Norway and Sweden
Authors: Shanmugaratnam K. , Muir C. S. , Tow S. H. , Cheng W. C. , Christine B. , Pedersen E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMalignant trophoblastic neoplasia (MTN), i.e. choriocarcinoma (CC) and malignant mole (MM), has long been held to be very frequent in the Far East, but reliable data have not been hitherto available for either morbidity or mortality.Singapore cases of MTN diagnosed histologically between April, 1959, and December, 1964, were related to the population‐at‐risk by race and 5‐year age‐group, and to the numbers of live‐born infants by maternal age. As in other series, the risk increased with advancing maternal age.The age‐standardized rates for histologically‐diagnosed MTN, CC and MM were respectively, for Chinese 1.45, 1.00 and 0.45 and, for Malays, 2.14, 1.17 and 0.97 per 100,000 per annum. The rate for histologically‐diagnosed MTN per 100,000 live births and still‐births was 18 for both races. However, as the age‐standardized gynaecological biopsy rates for Malays were but 40% of those for Chinese, and as necropsies are infrequent in Malays, the “true” rates in Malays could well be higher.MTN histological material in Connecticut (1935–1964) was reviewed using the same criteria as for Singapore. A sample of Norwegian material (1957–1966) was examined and the Swedish data (1958–1965) published by Ringertz (1970) were based on the same histological criteria.The age‐standardized rates for MTN, CC and MM were for Connecticut 0.09, 0.07 and 0.02, for Norway 0.22, 0.19 and 0.03, and for Sweden 0.13, 0.08 and 0.04 per 100,000 per annum. The MTN rates per 100,000 live births and still‐births were respectively 2, 6 and 4.The Singapore incidence rates for histologically‐diagnosed CC and MM were thus significantly higher, and the number of cases of MTN per 100,000 births some three to nine times greater than in Connecticut and Scandinavia.
Serum factors in tumor‐free patients cancelling the blocking of cell‐mediated tumor immunity
Authors: Hellström Ingegerd , Hellström Karl Erik , Sjögren Hans Olov , Warner Glenn A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been previously shown that lymphocytes from cancer patients can kill cultivated neoplastic cells of the type carried by the lymphocyte donors and that sera from patients with growing tumors of the respective types can specifically block the tumor‐cell destruction. The present study demonstrates that sera from all of seven tumor patients tested (one with melanoma, one with colonic carcinoma and four with breast carcinoma), who had become clinically tumor‐free, could “unblock” ( = abrogate) the blocking effect of sera from patients bearing tumors of the respective types, thus making it possible for immune lymphocytes to kill cultivated neoplastic cells in the combined presence of the “unblocking” and blocking sera.
Epidemiologic patterns of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Correa Pelayo , O'Conor Gregory T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe epidemiology mid histology of Hodgkin's disease in Cali, Colombia is reported on the basis of data from the Cancer Registry and a review of slides from several of the city's departments of pathology. Comparison of the results with incidence data published by UICC and with other reports on histologic subclassification has led to the identification of several epidemiologic patterns. Pattern I is characterized by high rates in children and predominance of histologic subtypes associated with poor prognosis. Pattern III is characterized by high rates in young adults and predominance of histologic subtypes associated with better prognosis. Pattern II is intermediate. These patterns are related to the economic stratification of the communities studied, and it is suggested that many of the epidemiological variegations of Hodgkin's disease may be explained on the basis of the interplay of environmental and host etiologic factors.
Susceptibility of chromosomes from patients with Down's syndrome to 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a) anthracene‐induced aberrations in vitro
Authors: O'Brien R. L. , Poon P. , Kline E. , Parker J. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe susceptibility of chromosomes from seven patients with Down's syndrome to damage in vitro by 7,12‐dimethylbenz (a)anthracene (DMBA) was significantly greater than that of the chromosomes from ten healthy donors. Chromatid gaps or breaks comprised the vast majority of aberrations produced in the chromosomes of both groups. Small numbers of isochromatid exchanges and dicentric chromosomes were also observed. The lymphocytes of patients with Down's syndrome were not deficient in their ability to repair DNA damage induced by ultraviolet light or 4‐nitro‐quinoline‐N‐oxide and, at the doses used to produce chromosomal aberrations, DMBA did not significantly inhibit either replicative DNA synthesis or the repair of damage induced by ultraviolet light or 4‐nitroquinoline‐N‐oxide in normal lymphocytes or in those from patients with Down's syndrome. DMBA did not stimulate unscheduled DNA synthesis in the lymphoeytes from patients with Down's syndrome or from normal controls.
Relationship between the EBV‐associated membrane antigen on burkitt lymphoma cells and the viral envelope, demonstrated by immunoferritin labelling
Authors: Silvestre D. , Kourilsky F. M. , Klein G. , Yata Y. , Neauport‐Sautes C. , Levy J. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe localization of EBV‐induced, cell membrane antigens (MA) and intracellular viral capsid antigens (VCA) was studied by immunoferritin labelling. Human sera with known concordant or discordant anti‐MA and anti‐ VCA reactivities were allowed to react with intact, viable EBV‐carrier cells, and with naked and enveloped EBV‐particles. The reaction was visualized by the indirect immunoferritin test, using a rabbit anti‐human immunoglobulin conjugate. The following conclusions were drawn:

MA is a structural constituent of the viral envelope. Anti‐MA positive sera gave a consistently strong labelling of viral envelopes and of virus‐free patches on the cell membrane as well.
VCA is not present on the viral envelope and on the cell membrane. It is expressed on the surface of naked virus particles.
A multispecific anti‐HL.A serum gave a faint labelling with a small proportion of the enveloped viral particles. It could not be resolved whether this was due to the presence of HL.A antigens on some viral envelopes or, alternatively, to low anti‐MA levels in the anti‐HL.A sera.
Low molecular weight dextran and experimental metastasis growth
Authors: Hagmar Björn 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of low molecular weight dextran (LMD; M 4 × 104) was tested on intravenously‐induced metastases in a syngeneic tumour‐host system in mice. When given as intravenous pretreatment LMD increased the total number of gross extra‐pulmonary metastases, without significantly changing the planimetrically estimated lung and liver metastases. When, on the other hand, the same volume of LMD was given in the cell suspension, there was a further increase in gross extrapulmonary metastases and also in pulmonary metastases.There was an interesting parellelism between these results and the effect of cell and systemic treatment with LMD on the subcutaneous transplantability of tumour cells. Both types of treatment increased the frequency of subcutaneous takes but cell pretreatment with LMD alone increased resulting tumour volumes.The effects of LMD were not reflected in any alteration of the viability index in dye exclusion test or in the aggregability of the tumour cells.
Perfusion of isolated human fetal liver: Synthesis and release of α‐fetoprotein and albumin
Authors: Kekomäki M. , Seppälä M. , Ehnholm C. , Schwartz A. L. , Raivio K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of α‐fetoprotein and other fetal plasma proteins was studied by perfusion of isolated human fetal livers with an artificial medium containing leucine‐1‐14C. The rates of release by fetal liver of α‐fetoprotein and albumin were analyzed by measuring the changes in their concentrations in the perfusion medium after the first hour of perfusion. The release of α‐fetoprotein from the liver of a 14‐week fetus was 19 μg/min. At 17 weeks of gestation, the rate was 26 μg/min and, at 20 weeks, 21 μg/min. The corresponding values for albumin were 50 μg/min, 92 μ/min, and 196 μ/min. Within the same period of gestation, the plasma concentration of α‐fetoprotein decreased and that of albumin increased with advancing fetal age. The results suggest a more rapid turnover of α‐fetoprotein than albumin in vivo.The incorporation of leucine‐1‐14Cinto serum proteins was determined by autoradiography after electrophoresis on cellulose acetate, immunoelectrophoresis, or immunodiffusion. Radioactivity was found in α‐fetoprotein, albumin, α1‐antitrypsin, Gc‐protein and α‐lipoprotein — indicating hepatic synthesis of these proteins. No radioactivity was found in IgG present in the perfusion medium, and no haptoglobin was found in the medium.
Demonstration of two distinct components in the early antigen complex of epstein‐barr virus‐infected cells
Authors: Henle Gertrude , Henle Werner , Klein George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExamination of numerous sera from patients with infectious mononucleodis (IM), Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) or nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) for antibodieh to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) induced early antigens (EA) revealed two distinct patterns of immunofluorescence in abortively EBV‐infected Raji cells. One showed diguse (D) staining of the nucleus and cytoplasm of invaded cells, the other (R) was restricted to masses in the cytoplasm. Although D‐ or R‐reactive Raji cells became detectable at similar times after exposure to EBV, the percentages of D‐positive cells initially exceeded R‐positive cells but ultimately both were nearly equal in number. R‐positive cells almost invariably contained also D. In EBV‐exposed RPM1 64–10 cells, frequently only D was synthesized. D antigen, in contrast to R, resisted fixation by methanol or ethanol, whereas R proved more resistant than D to proteolytic enzymes. Comparative serum titration on acetone, respectively ethanol‐fixed Raji‐EBV cell smears revealed that the transitory anti‐EA response observed in many IM patients was restricted almost exclusively to anti‐D. Anti‐EA positive sera from NPC patients also showed dominantly anti‐D activity whereas, in BL sera, anti‐R was usually, but not always, dominant, often being the only antibody to the EA complex present. Preliminary tests with pronase‐treated Raji‐EBV cell smears indicated that dominantly anti‐D reactive sera from IM patients were free of anti‐R whereas such sera from NPC or BL patients usually gave positive reactions which in part, however, failed to conform with the R pattern. The possible implications of these results have been discussed.
Studies of carcino‐fetal proteins. II. Biochemical comparison of α‐fetoprotein from human fetuses and patients with hepatocellular cancer
Authors: Ruoslahti Erkki , Seppälä Markku , Pihko Helena , Vuopio Pekka 
Published: February 2007

Abstractα‐fetoprotein from human fetuses and patients with a hepatocelhlar cancer was isolated and characterized. In accordance with earlier reports, the two proteins had similar electrophoretic mobilities and gave a reaction of immunological identity. They had very similar amino acid compositions. Each was composed of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 70,000. Protein from both sources had about 4 % carbohydrate with 2 moles of sialic acid per mole of protein. Tryptic digests of the isolated fetal and cancer α‐fetoproteins were compared by peptic mapping. About 30 peptides were seen and the patterns given by the two proteins were indistinguishable. Thus both fetal and cancerous liver cells produce α‐fetoproteins which are structurally indistinguishable and probably identical.
Biochemical mechanisms of drug resistance — XII. Uridine kinases from mouse leukemic cells sensitive and resistant to 5‐azacytidine
Authors: Veselý J. , Dvořák M. , Čihák A. , Šorm F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPartially purified uridine kinases from 5‐azacytidine‐sensitive and ‐resistant leukemic cells of AKR mice were separated on a Sephadex G‐200 column. The elution profile of both enzymes was similar although specific activity of uridine kinase from 5‐azacytidine‐resistant cells was more than 50% lower than that isolated from the parental cell line. The apparent Km constants with respect to the concentration of phosphate donor and acceptor were identical for both uridine kinases, while Vmax for enzymes from the resistant line were significantly decreased.The enzymes under study were tested for their sensitivity to SH‐blocking agents—p‐chloromercuribenzoate, N‐ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide—and to urea, trypsin and cytidine 5′‐triphosphate. Inactivation following p‐chloromercuribenzoate affected the activity of uridine kinase from sensitive cells more markedly than that of uridine kinase from resistant ones. When the feedback effect of cytidine 5′‐triphosphate was examined, the results indicated, in both cases, a non‐competitive inhibition with respect to phosphate acceptor, Ki constant being the same (0.079 mM). Furthermore, vi/vo ratios for the intact and trypsin‐digested uridine kinases from both cell lines plotted against varying amounts of cytidine 5′‐triphosphate yielded a single curve in each instance. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Methylcholanthrene‐induced neoplasms in germ‐free RFM mice
Authors: Walburg H. E. , Cosgrove G. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive‐ to six‐week‐old germ‐free RFM mice treated orally three times a week with 0.1 ml of 0.8% solution of 20‐methylcholanthrene in olive oil developed a high incidence of thymic lymphoma but no myeloid leukemia. On the other hand, 11% of males painted on the abdomen twice a week with a 5% solution of croton oil in benzene and receiving the same oral methylcholanthrene treatment developed myeloid leukemia. Methylcholanthrene with or without the croton oil in benzene treatment increased the incidence of pulmonary adenomas, but papillomas of the skin and stomach and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin were seen only in mice treated with both methylcholanthrene and croton oil in benzene. The croton oil in benzene acted as a co‐carcinogen for the induction of papillomas of the skin and stomach and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin, but not for pulmonary adenomas or thymic lymphomas. Methylcholanthrene induction of myeloid leukemia in mice painted with croton oil in benzene gives further evidence of the relationship between granulocytopoiesis and induction of myeloid leukemia.
Cellular and humoral immunity against human malignant melanoma
Authors: Fossati Giuseppe , Colnaghi Maria I. , Porta Giuseppe Della , Cascinelli Natale , Veronesi Umberto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe humoral and cellular immunological responses of melanoma patients against tumor‐associated antigens were studied by means of the indirect membrane immunofluorescence test and a microassay for cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. Melanoma target cells obtained from 22 different surgical specimens were used.A total of 15 different sera were tested in 27 fluorescence assays. Humoral antibodies were found in all the 13 autochthonous sera tested: eight out of ten sera cross‐reacted with one or two allogeneic melanoma cells.The 31 microassays performed with lymphocytes from 16 patients showed that effector cells specifically killed the melanoma target cells in seven out of 12 autochthonous tests and in 14 out of 19 allogeneic tests. No cytotoxicity was found when melanoma‐patient lymphocytes were tested against control cells or when control lymphocytes were tested against melanoma cells.The observed cross‐reactivity pattern indicates that more than one tumor‐specific antigen may be present in melanoma cells.
Observations on the ultrastructure of two hamster lymphomas with particular reference to infiltrating macrophages
Authors: Birbeck M. S. C. , Carter R. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo transplantable hamster lymphomas, one of which (ML) metastasizes, while the other (NML) only grows at the site of implantation, were examined in the electron microscope. The tumour cells of the two lymphomas were found to be identical except for a slightly greater amount of ER on ML; both contain the typical ultrastructural features of experimental tumour cells, including viral particles. The difference between the two tumours was found to be in the invading host macrophages. The macrophages in NML are large cells containing phagosomes filled with tumour cells in varying stages of digestion. ML also contains macrophages but these are small cells without phagosomes, which accounts for their not being found in earlier light microscope studies. That these latter cells are macrophages is evident from their membrane processes and the presence of primary lysosomes. It is therefore concluded that the difference between these two lymphomas lies not in the ability of the host macrophages to invade ML, but rather in the inability of the latter macrophages to become activated.
Tumor thromboplastin activity In vitro
Authors: Holyoke E. Douglas , Frank Arthur L. , Weiss Leonard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe thromboplastin activity of tissue culture media, before and after incubation with T‐241 Lewis sarcoma cells of mouse origin, or with embryonic mouse epithelial or muscle fibroblasts, was measured by means of a calcium reconstitution assay. Incubation of the embryonic epithelial or muscle fibroblasts increased the thromboplastin activity of the tissue culture media more than did incubation with tumor cells, even though analysis of protein showed that there were more tumor cells than normal cells present at the time of incubation. It is concluded that there is no evidence for a unique “Cancer Coagulative Factor” at least in this system. In vitro studies of the effect of trauma in increasing the release of thromboplastin activity from both normal and tumor tissues, suggest that the mutual destruction of both tissues could account for the elevated levels observed in some patients with cancer.