bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Macromolecular Ion Flotation of Fe3+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ by the Use of Charcoal and Cationic Surfactant
Authors: Sasaki Tsunetaka , Mochizuki K\={o}ji , Ishiwata Satoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The macromolecular ion flotation of Fe3+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ ions by the combined use of charcoal and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HTAC) was studied. The flotation of powdered active charcoal itself was first studied; a 100% floatability was obtained for the flotation of 2500 ppm charcoal by the addition of 6 ppm of polyacrylamide and 550 ppm of HTAC in the pH range from 4 to 13. For the studies of the flotation of Fe3+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ ions, diagrams of the floatability of the respective ions vs. the composition of charcoal and HTAC, and the floatability of the respective ions vs. the pH at a constant composition of charcoal and HTAC, were constructed. A nearly 100% floatability was obtained for Fe3+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ ions at pH values larger than 4.5, 9.5, and 11 respectively. This order is the same as that of the solubility products of Fe(OH)3, Cu(OH)2, and Ni(OH)2. It was confirmed that Fe3+ ions are adsorbed as hydroxides on charcoal; they are subsequently floated over the whole range of pH values combined with charcoal, while the Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions are adsorbed as simple ions on charcoal and floated in the lower pH region. They are adsorbed as hydroxide on charcoal and floated in a higher pH region.
Dual Fluorescence of Pyrazine Cooled in a Supersonic Free Jet
Authors: Mikami Naohiko , Igarashi Hisao , Kaya Koji , Ito Mitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The fluorescence excitation spectrum of the lowest excited 1B3u(n π*) state of pyrazine cooled in a pulsed supersonic free jet was observed. The fluorescence decay of the isolated molecule was also measured in the free jet. The rotationally cooled pyrazine in the collision free condition exhibits extremely large fluorescence quantum yield and dominant slow fluorescence component for low lying vibronic levels. The ratio of the pre-exponential factors of the dual fluorescence decay was examined in terms of the available theory of singlet-triplet mixed state model. It was found that the number of coupled triplet levels obtained from the observed ratio is inconsistent with the calculated excess energy dependence of vibronic density in the triplet state. Remarkable rotational level dependence of the ratio of the pre-exponential factors was observed for the electronic origin, while such a rotational dependence was not found for the lifetime of the slow fluorescence.
An Alternative Display of Potentiostatic Measurements. II. Electrochemical Determination of Outer-sphere Association Constants of Several Substitution-inert Complexes with Sulfate Ions
Authors: Yamada Akifumi , Kato Yoshikiyo , Nakabayashi Yasuo , Tanaka Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A modified technique for the potentiostatic method has been applied to the study on the outer-sphere association of some substitution-inert complex cations with sulfate ions. The association constants were determined from the change in limiting time as function of the concentration of sulfate ions at ionic strength 0.2 and 25 °C: 29±3 for [Co(NH3)6]3+–SO42−, 23±2 for [Co(en)3]3+–SO42−, 34±3 for [Co(H2O)(NH3)5]3+–SO42−, 18±2 for [Cr(NH3)6]3+–SO42−, 21±2 for [Cr(en)3]3+–SO42−, 19±2 for [Cr(H2O)(NH3)5]3+–SO42−, 13±2 for [Cr(urea)6]3+–SO42−. The ratios of the diffusion coefficient of the univalent ion pairs to that of tervalent substitution-inert complex cations were also obtained. From these ratios, the diffusion coefficients of the univalent ion pairs were calculated; these were found to be close to those of univalent complex ions with similar structures.
The Synthesis and Luminescence Quenching of the Water-soluble Polymer-supported Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Analogue
Authors: Kurimura Yoshimi , Shinozaki Norio , Ito Fumio , Uratani Yasuyo , Shigehara Kiyotaka , Tsuchida Eishun , Kaneko Masao , Yamada Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The p-aminostyrene-N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer-supported tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) analogue, [Ru(bpy)2(pbyCOOH)]2+ (bpy=2,2′-bipyridine and pbyCOOH=polymeric bipyridine ligand), has been prepared, and the luminescence behavior of the polymer complex has been investigated in an aqueous solution. The efficiency of the quenching of the excited state of the polymer complex with [Fe(CN)6]4−, [Co(phen)3]2+, and Cu2+ is compared with that of [Ru(bpy)3]2+. The quenching of the excited state of the polymer complex by Cu2+ is strongly enhanced by the effect of the polymer chains. In the polymer complex/Cu2+ system, the quenching by Cu2+ in the presence of poly(p-styrenesulfonate) is much more effective than in the absence of the polyion. The characteristics of the polymer complex in terms of the luminescence behavior are discussed.
Conformational Studies of Bis(cyclic tetrapeptide), S,S′-Bis[cyclo(Gly–l-hemiCys–Sar–l-Pro)]. A Proposed Castanet-type Structure in a Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solution
Authors: Shimizu Toshimi , Tanaka Yoshio , Tsuda Keishiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A bis(cyclic tetrapeptide), S,S′-bis[cyclo(Gly–l-hemiCys–Sar–l-Pro)] (BCGCSP), was prepared by coupling two homodetic cyclotetrapeptide. The conformations of BCGCSP in solutions were investigated by means of NMR, Raman, and CD spectroscopy. The 1H-NMR data in dimethyl-d6 sulfoxide (Me2SO-d6) demonstrated that the two cyclic skeletons of BCGCSP take the same conformations as that of an authentic cyclic tetrapeptide, cyclo[Gly–l-Cys(Bzl(OMe))–Sar–l-Pro] (CGCSP). The 1H-NMR spectrum of CGCSP contains three sets of resonances, corresponding to three different molecular conformations. From the Raman lines of BCGCSP at 529 cm−1 and 683 cm−1 in Me2SO-d6, it is deduced that the two HCα-CβS dihedral angles are 180°(trans), while one of the SS–CβCα dihedral angles is 20–30° and the other is either near 90° or near 180°. In addition, the values of two Raman lines predict that the CβS–SCβ dihedral angle is in the range of near 90°. Such a conformation around the CβS–SCβ bond is also reasonable in the light of the presence of a CD transition (CS–SC) at λ&gt;250 nm in water. By combining the above data, the CPK molecular model of BCGCSP was constructed. An inspection of the model reveals that this bis(cyclic tetrapeptide) is likely to adopt a “castanet-type” structure in Me2SO-d6. At the same time the individual cyclic skeleton is considered to take three different ring conformations in equilibrium.
Syntheses of Saccharin and Cyclamate Derivatives Bearing Polymerizable Vinyl Group
Authors: Kamogawa Hiroyoshi , Yamamoto Shuji , Nanasawa Masato 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Vinyl monomers containing saccharin or cyclamate residues were synthesized. 6-Acrylamido-, 6-methacrylamido-, 6-(4-styrenesulfonamido)-, and 6-(vinylbenzylamino)saccharins were synthesized from 6-aminosaccharin. N-[2-(4-Styrenesulfonamido)cyclohexyl] and N-[2-(vinylbenzylamino)cyclohexyl]sulfamic acids were synthesized starting with 1,2-cyclohexanediamine via sodium N-(2-aminocyclohexyl)sulfamate. All monomers thus synthesized were found to polymerize or copolymerize with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone to afford vinyl polymers with pendant saccharin and cyclamate units.
Optical Resolution of 2,2′,6,6′-Tetrafluorobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Hasaka Noriko , Okigawa Masayoshi , Kouno Isao , Kawano Nobusuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Optically active (−)- and (+)-2,2′,6,6′-tetrafluorobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylic acids were obtained through brucine salts. The half-life times for racemization of their dimethyl esters were estimated at various temperatures and the activation energy was calculated to be 25.6 kcal/mol.
Structural Studies on Herqueinone. The Configurations at C-4 of Herqueinone and at C-3 and C-4 of Dihydroherqueinone Monomethyl Ether
Authors: Yoshioka Takamitsu , Hirata Toshifumi , Aoki Tadashi , Suga Takayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
On the basis of the 1H NMR spectroscopy and the X-ray crystallography, the configuration at C-4 of herqueinone was determined to be S and the configurations at C-3 and C-4 of dihydroherqueinone monomethyl ether were elucidated to be R and S, respectively, with relation to the previously established R-configuration at the 2′-position of herqueinone.
An FT-IR Study of Micelle Formation of Ionic Surfactants and Water Solubilization in Nonpolar Organic Solvents
Authors: Kise Hideo , Iwamoto Kazutoshi , Sen\={o} Manabu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared spectra of the solutions of dodecylammonium propionate (DAP), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB), and sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2-sulfonatosuccinate (SBSS) in organic solvents were recorded in Fourier transform mode. Difference concentration spectra of DAP in dichloromethane exhibited the change in the stretching bands of the carboxylate ions, which was attributed to the formation of micellar aggregates. Difference hydration spectra were also obtained for water-containing DAP–CH2Cl2, HTAB–CH2Cl2, and SBSS–benzene systems, and the spectra in the region of 3000–3700 cm−1 and 1600–1650 cm−1 revealed the existence of free water dispersed in the organic phase and water bound to the micelles. The diffreence spectra also revealed the change in the bands of DAP and SBSS due to hydration of the ionic head groups. The absorption frequency of the O–H stretching bands was discussed in terms of the water-surfactant-interaction.
The Effect of Solvent on the Liquefaction of Coal as a Function of Coal Rank
Authors: Kamiya Yoshio , Yao Tadashi , Nagae Shinichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to study the effect of solvent on the liquefaction of coal as a function of coal rank, the liquefaction of five kinds of coals from carbon content of 66% to 83% were carried out in the presence of various aromatic solvents. It was found that three ring aromatic hydrocarbons were more powerful solvent for the liquefaction. Hydrogen donor solvents such as tetralin and hydrophenanthrenes were most effective of all solvents tested independent of coal rank. A mixture of hydrogen donor and polar compounds such as phenol and quinoline was confirmed to be effective to bituminous coal but not so effective to brown coal. It should be stressed that hydrogen donating property of solvent is most important for low rank coals. The chemical analyses of products have shown that the properties of solvent refined coal are a little affected by the quality of solvent.
Pyridine-containing Acyclic Crown Ethers and Their Polymers as Specific Carrier of Biogenetic Amine Derivatives
Authors: Tsukube Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A variety of crown ethers and their analogs which contain powerful hydrogen bonding sites such as pyridine and quinoline moieties were examined as new synthetic carrier. Among the examined carriers, acyclic crown ethers and their polymers having pyridine groups were found to be selective and efficient carriers for some organic ammonium cations of great biological significances. Their transport properties were largely different from those of usual crown ether compounds, and essentially dependent on the combined characteristics of polyether sequence, hydrogen bonding site, co-transported anion, and others.
Tetravalent Ruthenium Porphyrin. II. The Molecular and Crystal Structure of μ-Oxo-bis[(octaethylporphinato)ruthenium(IV) chloride] Benzene Solvate
Authors: Masuda Hideki , Taga Tooru , Osaki Kenji , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Mori Masayasu , Ogoshi Hisanobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of μ-oxo-bis[(octaethylporphinato)ruthenium(IV) chloride] benzene solvate, [Ru(IV)(oep)Cl]2O–C6H6, was determined by the X-ray method. The complex crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4/nnc, a=13.912(2) Å, c=17.821(4) Å, and Z=2. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method and refined to R=0.084 for 958 reflections. The [Ru(IV) (oep)Cl]2O complex has the crystallographic D4-422 symmetry and contains the binuclear (Cl)N4Ru–O–RuN4(Cl) coordination group with the Ru–O(μ) distance of 1.793(2) Å, the Ru–Cl distance of 2.320(6) Å, and the Ru–N distance of 2.038(9) Å. The Ru–O–Ru bond is explicitly linear, and the two porphinato cores rotate around the Ru–O–Ru bond by 21.0° from the eclipsed form. The porphinato core is planar within 0.04 Å, and the Ru atom is displaced only by 0.07 Å out of the plane defined by the four porphinato nitrogen atoms toward the bridging O atom. These results are compared with those of the previously reported [Ru(IV)(oep)(OH)2]O–CH3OH crystal.
Stabilization Energy and Spin Distribution in Pyrenophane Cation Radicals
Authors: Terahara Atsushi , Ohya-Nishiguchi Hiroaki , Hirota Noboru , Sakata Yoshiteru , Misumi Soichi , Ishizu Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The cation radicals of three [2.2]pyrenophanes in which two pyrene moieties are twisted each other by 0°, 35°, and 60° were investigated by ESR, ENDOR, and cyclic voltammetry. Considerable variations of the spin density distribution and the stabilization energy with the twisting angle have been observed. The obtained results are discussed in terms of modified Hückel-McLachlan type calculation.
Studies on the Concentrated Steffen Fluid of Beet Sugar Industry. I. On the Salt Separated from Concentrated Steffen Fluid Using Methanol and Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Ito Masaaki , Abe Kazuo , Sasaki Teruji , Wakabayashi Norimitsu , Misono Kenzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The chemical desalting technique was applied to the concentrated Steffen fluid using concd sulfuric acid and methanol. The chemical components of the isolated salt were studied by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and fluorescence analyses. The main constituent of the salt was determined to be K3Na(SO4)2 and then synthesized.
Solvent Intensification Effects on the S1(nπ*)←S0 Absorption Spectra of Benzaldehyde in Fluid Solutions
Authors: Nakashima Kenichi , Koyanagi Motohiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The near ultraviolet absorption spectra of benzaldehyde have been studied in various fluid solutions at room temperature. The intensity enhancements observed are explainable in terms of perturbation of dispersion forces between solute and solvent molecules.
Photolyses of [2-Substituted 2-(alkoxycarbonyl)propyl]cobaloximes
Authors: Tada Masaru , Akinaga Shiro , Okabe Masami 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Photolysis of (2-methoxycarbonyl-2-phenylpropyl)cobaloxime (1) gives two phenyl-migrated products, methyl 2-methylene-3-phenylpropanoate and methyl trans-2-methyl-3-phenylpropenoate, and a hydrogen-abstracted product, methyl 2-methyl-2-phenylpropanoate. The alkoxycarbonyl groups do not migrate in the photolysis of either 1 or [2,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl]cobaloxime.
Protonation of syn-Bicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4,7-trien-9-ol with Fluorosulfuric Acid. Direct Evidence for Protonation Sites
Authors: Tomoda Shuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Treatment of syn-9-hydroxybicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4,7-triene (1) with fluorosulfonic acid in sulfur dioxidedichloromethane-d2 cleanly provided protonated dimeric ether and the 7-hydroxytricyclo[4.2.1.02,8]nona-3-en-5-yl cation. Direct NMR observation as well as quenching experiment of these cations unequivocally established protonation at C-2 (or C-5) and C-7 (or C-8) of 1.
Electrolytic Decarboxylation. 6. A Convenient Synthesis of 3-(cis-3-Hexenyl)-2-cyclopentenone, a Precursor of cis-Jasmone Synthesis
Authors: Torii Sigeru , Tanaka Hideo , Inokuchi Tsutomu , Tomozane Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A regioselective electro-acetoxylation of 1-(cis-3-hexenyl)-2-cyclopentene-1-carboxylic acid in a Et3N–AcOH–AcOEt–t-BuOH–(Pt electrodes) system afforded 3-acetoxy-1-(cis-3-hexenyl)-1-cyclopentene (7a) (98%). Alkaline hydrolysis of 7a followed by the oxidation with chromium trioxide gave the desired 3-(cis-3-hexenyl)-2-cyclopenone smoothly.
Catalysis by Heteropoly Compounds. III. The Structure and Properties of 12-Heteropolyacids of Molybdenum and Tungsten (H3PMo12−xWxO40) and Their Salts Pertinent to Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Misono Makoto , Mizuno Noritaka , Katamura Koichi , Kasai Atsushi , Konishi Yasuo , Sakata Kanji , Okuhara Toshio , Yoneda Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The fundamental properties of 12-heteropolyacids of Mo and W, such as the structure, the surface area, the acidity, and the reduction-oxidation mechanism, have been studied in their solid state in relation to heterogeneous catalysis. The primary structure (heteropolyanion) was rather stable, but the secondary structure was very variable according to the interaction with various molecules, like water, alcohols, ketones, and pyridine. This structural characteristic is important for the understanding of the catalysis of these compounds; it may be called the “pseudo-liquid phase.” The heteropolyacids were all strong protonic acids, as revealed by the interaction with pyridine. The redox cycle was reversible within a limited extent of reduction. The redox mechanism is also discussed in this paper.
The Structure of the Cyclodextrin Complex. XI. Crystal Structure of Hexakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-α-cyclodextrin–p-Iodoaniline Monohydrate
Authors: Harata Kazuaki , Uekama Kaneto , Otagiri Masaki , Hirayama Fumitoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of hexakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-α-cyclodextrin–p-iodoaniline complex, C54H96O30·C6H6NI·H2O, was determined by the X-ray method. The crystal is monoclinic with the space group P21, Z=2, a=11.440(4), b=23.674(6), c=13.531(3) Å, and β=91.90(2)°. The structure was solved by the heavy atom method combined with the rigid-body least-squares technique and refined by the block-diagonal least-squares method to the final R-value of 0.11 for 2186 reflections (sinθ⁄λ&lt;0.49). Hexakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-α-cyclodextrin is in the shape of a truncated elliptical cone; these cones are stacked along the a axis to form a channel-type structure. The guest p-iodoaniline and water molecules are located in the channel. The iodophenyl group is inserted rather loosely from the base side of the truncated cone. The iodine atom is located at the center of the cavity, while the amino group outside the host cavity forms a hydrogen bond with the water molecule. The water molecule is also hydrogen bonded to the adjacent host molecule along the channel. The crystal is built up of columns of the host molecules, which are closely packed in the van der Waals contact.
Kinetics and Mechanism of 1,4-Cycloaddition between Tetracyanoethylene and Styrenes. III. Effects of Solvent Polarity and Temperature
Authors: Uosaki Yasuhiro , Nakahara Masaru , Osugi Jiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Experimental evaluation was made of rate constants for foward and backward steps of 1,4-cycloaddition between TCNE and α-methylstyrene and of constants for their complex formations in 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride at a few temperatures around 25 °C. Kirkwood’s dipole model for solvation is applied to analyzing kinetic data obtained. The dipole moment of the transition state is estimated to be 8.5±0.5 Debye, which is larger than either that of the complex (assumed as 1 Debye) or that of the cycloadduct (6±1 Debye). Major cause for the high dipole moment of the transition state is breakdown of the high molecular symmetry of TCNE and minor one is a certain contribution of a zwitterionic structure. The activation entropy for the cycloreversion is negative and in the range of −21 to −48 J K−1 mol−1, corresponding to the high polarity of the transition state.
Plasma Treatment of Packing Materials for Gas Chromatography. Diatomaceous Earth Coated with Squalane
Authors: Yamamoto Yukio , Oka Seiji , Hayashi Koichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Commercially obtained column packings for gas chromatography, diatomaceous earth coated with 5% squalane, were treated with argon plasma by using a radiofrequency generator. It has been shown that the plasma treatment improves the chromatographic properties, in particular, reduces the tailing of aromatic hydrocarbon peaks. The effect of the plasma treatment has been attributed to the reduction of the support adsorptivity by the formation of inert coating on the support surface.
197Au-Mössbauer Spectroscopic Studies of Gold Compounds
Authors: Katada Motomi , Uchida Yoshio , Sato Kumiko , Sano Hirotoshi , Sakai Hiroshi , Maeda Yutaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
197Au Mössbauer effect measurements of mixed-valence compounds and chelates of Au(III) with ligands of 1,10-phenanthroline, 8-quinolinol, and their derivatives have been carried out. The Mössbauer data of Cs2Au2Cl6, Cs2AgAuCl6, and [Au(phen)Cl2]Cl show the existence of an interaction between metal atoms through Cl atoms. Although the metal-metal interaction in [Au(Hdmg)2][AuCl2] has been postulated by X-ray study, no such interaction was observed. Two kinds of 8-quinolinol Au(III) complexes which have cis-trans isomers are assigned to the compounds of the [Au(oxine)2][AuCl4] and [Au(oxine)Cl2] types.
Thermochemical Studies on the Lanthanoid Complexes of N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylurea
Authors: Sone Kozo , Nagase Kenzo , Kuya Miuaco K , Giesbrecht Ernesto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The techniques of thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were applied to the study of the thermal decomposition of the lanthanoid (Ln) complexes of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylurea (TMU), Ln(TMU)6X3 (X=ClO4, PF6, or BPh4). In general, the ease of decomposition increases in the order of BPh4&lt;ClO4&lt;PF6; in the latter two cases, the release (and, in the case of ClO4, partial oxidation) of the coordinated TMU molecules takes place together with the decomposition of the anions, leading finally to the formation of LnCl3 or LnF3, respectively. The data were also discussed on the basis of the effects of the lanthanoid contraction.
An X-Ray Diffraction Study on the Structures of Bis- and Tris(ethylenediamine)nickel(II) Complexes in Solution
Authors: Fujita Tadao , Ohtaki Hitoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structures of nickel(II) complexes with ethylenediamine(en) in solution have been determined by means of X-ray diffraction. The measurements were performed at 25 °C for aqueous ethylenediamine solutions of nickel nitrate, the mole ratios (en/Ni) in the solutions being 3.964, 3.672, 2.071, and 1.892. In the two solutions of the higher en/Ni mole ratio, the tris(ethylenediamine)nickel(II) complex was predominant, whereas in the other solutions the bis(ethylenediamine)nickel(II) complex was contained as the main species. From the analysis of the X-ray scattering data of the solutions, it was shown that in the bis-complex four nitrogen atoms within ethylenediamine and two oxygen atoms within water molecules were octahedrally coordinated to the central nickel(II) atom, the oxygen atoms being assumed to be axially bonded. The Ni–N bond length within the bis-complex was 2.10 Å, which was almost the same as the length of the Ni–O bonds. The nonbonding Ni···C distance was 2.82(2) Å. In the tris-complex the nickel ion was coordinated with six nitrogen atoms and Ni–N and Ni···C distances were determined to be 2.202(4) Å and 2.88(1) Å, respectively. These parameter values obtained in the experiment were compared with the crystallographic data reported.
Preparation of Surfactant-free Polystyrene Latices with High Surface Charge and Electrical Double Layer on Their Surfaces
Authors: Furusawa Kunio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polystyrene latices with a wide range of surface charges were prepared in the absolute absence of conventional emulsifiers by controlling the concentration of potassium peroxodisulfate as an initiator and allowing the polymerization to proceed at a relatively high pH to suppress the Kolthoff reaction; KHCO3 or K2HPO4 buffer was used to keep the polymerizing system near neutral pH. Conductometric titrations with different bases (NaOH and Ba(OH)2) on latices show that the Stern layer charge increases with an increase in the surface charge of latices (σ0) and at about the same rate as σ0 does, leading to a virtually constant diffuse layer charge.