bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial characteristics of cystic fibrosis in Algeria: Description of 34 pediatric cases
Authors: Bendoukha Imene , Boucherit‐Otmani Zahia , Baba Ahmed‐Kazi Tani Zahira Zakia , Seghir Abdelfettah , Madouni Mourad , Radoui Abdel Karim , Boucherit Kebir 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare disease in Algeria, and its prognosis is poor in developing countries. The clinical and demographic knowledge of Algerian pediatric patients diagnosed with CF is incomplete due to the nonexistence of a national medical registry. Hence, the present study is the first Algerian multicentre study on CF.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted in western Algeria. Over 1 year, the study included all pediatric patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CF in the pediatric hospital of Oran. Patient characteristics, clinical manifestations, and the prescribed treatment were reported.ResultsThirty‐four children (16 boys and 18 girls) participated in this study. Only 15 were diagnosed before the age of 6 months. The sweat chloride test was positive in all patients. Respiratory manifestations were found in all patients, chronic diarrhoea in 29 of them, and growth retardation in 10. Moreover, 25 (73.5%) had low to low intermediate socioeconomic levels. After diagnosis, respiratory complications marked the evolution of the 34 patients, with bronchial congestion observed in 33 of them, while 10 (29.4%) patients presented severe bronchopneumonia and 4 (11.8%) were affected by asthma. Consequently, three (8.8%) died at an average age of 9 years mainly because of respiratory failure.ConclusionThe prognosis of CF is poor in Algeria compared to other developed countries due to the longer diagnostic delay and limited therapeutic alternatives. This representative subset of Algerian pediatric patients with CF will serve as a reference for future studies on CF in Algeria.
Singularity‐Free Charged Compact Star Model Under F(Q)$F(Q)$‐Gravity Regime
Authors: Maurya Sunil Kumar , Jasim Mahmood Khalid , Errehymy Abdelghani , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Mahmoud Mona , Nag Riju 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the possibility of existing a novel class of compact charged spheres based on a charged perfect fluid within the realm of gravity theory is explored. The authors started by proposing physically meaningful explicit formulas for the potential, denoted , and the electric field to find a close‐form solution. More precisely, the change of the dependent variable approach by exploiting the transformation is applied. Successively, the field equations analytically are solved and generate the most general solution, which leads us to examine various significant aspects of the stellar system. These aspects comprise the regularity of gravitational potentials, energy density and pressure, electric charge, the mass‐radius relationship, subluminal sound velocities in the radial direction, and the adiabatic index for charged compact stars. For a more in‐depth system study, mass measurements using contour diagrams are carried out. This mainly involves varying the variable parameters and to distinguish their effect on the mass distribution within the stellar structure. What is more, the electric charge controls the stability of the stellar system is shown, which yields that a stable system can possess a maximum charge of order . The results strongly argue that charged stars could conceivably exist in nature and that such a deviation from traditional theories may be seen in future astrophysical observations.
Efficacy of tezepelumab against uncontrolled severe non‐type 2 asthma refractory to bronchial thermoplasty, benralizumab, dupilumab and mepolizumab
Authors: Kai Yoshiro , Suzuki Kentaro , Kataoka Ryosuke , Sato Ichiro , Tamaki Shinji , Muro Shigeo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSevere asthma affects approximately 5%–10% of patients with asthma. Herein, we describe a case of non‐type 2 asthma that progressively worsened over the years. An 80‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with asthma 11 years back. She experienced repeated exacerbations requiring treatment with systemic corticosteroid despite therapy with medications including high‐dose inhaled corticosteroids/long‐acting beta‐agonists plus long‐acting muscarinic antagonist. The patient presented with non‐eosinophilic asthma. Therefore, the patient was initially treated with bronchial thermoplasty, which was effective for 1 year only. Treatment with bronchial thermoplasty, benralizumab, dupilumab, and mepolizumab was ineffective. The fourth treatment, which included tezepelumab, was initiated. The patient's symptoms and quality of life improved significantly. This is the first case of a patient who did not respond to sequential bronchial thermoplasty, benralizumab, dupilumab, and mepolizumab but who presented with good clinical response to tezepelumab. Therefore, tezepelumab may be useful for patients with non‐type 2 asthma.
An autopsy case of acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia with periorbital MRSA cellulitis and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hara Akihiro , Kishimoto Yutaro , Shirai Toshihiro , Murakami Akinori , Suzuki Makoto , Matsubara Osamu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis case report details a 78‐year‐old male with periorbital Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cellulitis whose condition rapidly deteriorated despite treatment. An autopsy confirmed acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP), revealing fibrin ball formation and organizing pneumonia. While both idiopathic and secondary AFOP cases often exhibit bilateral consolidation on CT, our patient presented with ground‐glass opacities, which are frequently associated with secondary AFOP. Notably, secondary AFOP, linked to higher mortality, can result from various factors. In this case, well‐controlled rheumatoid arthritis and prolonged oral medication use suggest bilateral periorbital MRSA cellulitis as a significant factor. The study underscores AFOP's diagnostic challenges and the necessity for further research on effective treatments.
Impedance control for a Stewart‐structure‐based wheel‐legged robotic system in wheel motion
Authors: Liu Dongchen , Wang Junzheng , Shi Dawei 
Published: February 2024

SummaryAn impedance control scheme is proposed for a Stewart‐structure‐based wheel‐legged robotic system to strengthen the dynamic attitude adjustment stability in wheel motion. The wheel‐leg, which is driven by electrical cylinders in the Stewart structure, is analyzed in kinematics and dynamics. The rotation in the axial direction of every electric cylinder is calculated to improve the accuracy of the kinematic model. To fulfill the impedance demands, a passive structure with 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) is modeled. The mass of the mechanism has a coupling effect on the impedance model for each DOF, which is a nonlinear function. As motion decoupling in the workspace has been completed for the Stewart structure, an impedance control strategy with inner‐loop position tracking is employed. An extended state observer (ESO) is designed to estimate the disturbances arising from the nonlinear coupling effects. Based on the ESO observation outputs, an active disturbance rejection control that explicitly handles the workspace limit is designed with guaranteed practical stability. By reducing force interaction and body vibration, the wheel‐legged robotic system keeps wheel motion stability on uneven roads. Multiple comparative experimental results are presented to validate the stability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Deep‐Ultraviolet and Helicity‐Dependent Raman Spectroscopy for Carbon Nanotubes and 2D Materials
Authors: Saito Riichiro , Hung Nguyen Tuan , Yang Teng , Huang Jianqi , Liu Hsiang‐Lin , Gulo Desman Perdamaian , Han Shiyi , Tong Lianming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent progress of Raman spectroscopy on carbon nanotubes and 2D materials is reviewed as a topical review. The Raman tensor with complex values is related to the chiral 1D/2D materials without mirror symmetry for the mirror in the propagating direction of light, such as chiral carbon nanotube and black phosphorus. The phenomenon of complex Raman tensor is observed by the asymmetric polar plot of helicity‐dependent Raman spectroscopy using incident circularly‐polarized lights. First‐principles calculations of resonant Raman spectra directly give the complex Raman tensor that explains helicity‐dependent Raman spectra and laser‐energy‐dependent relative intensities of Raman spectra. In deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) Raman spectroscopy with 266 nm laser, since the energy of the photon is large compared with the energy gap, the first‐order and double resonant Raman processes occur in general k points in the Brillouin zone. First‐principles calculation is necessary to understand the DUV Raman spectra and the origin of double‐resonance Raman spectra. Asymmetric line shapes appear for the G band of graphene for 266 nm laser and in‐plane Raman mode of WS2 for 532 nm laser, while these spectra show symmetric line shapes for other laser excitation. The interference effect on the asymmetric line shape is discussed by fitting the spectra to the Breit–Wigner–Fano line shapes.
Validation of sorghum quality control (QC) markers across African breeding lines
Authors: Gimode Davis M. , Ochieng Grace , Deshpande Santosh , Manyasa Eric O. , Kondombo Clarisse P. , Mikwa Erick O. , Avosa Millicent O. , Kunguni Josephine Sarah , Ngugi Kahiu , Sheunda Patrick , Jumbo McDonald Bright , Odeny Damaris A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a cereal crop of critical importance in the semi‐arid tropics, particularly in Africa where it is second only to maize (Zea mays L.) by area of cultivation. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics sorghum breeding program for Eastern and Southern Africa is the largest in the region and develops improved varieties for target agro‐ecologies. Varietal purity and correct confirmation of new crosses are essential for the integrity and efficiency of a breeding program. We used 49 quality control (QC) kompetitive allele‐specific PCR single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to genotype 716 breeding lines. Note that 46 SNPs were polymorphic with the top 10 most informative revealing polymorphism information content (PIC), minor allele frequency (MAF), and observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.37, 0.43, and 0.02, respectively, and explaining 45% of genetic variance within the first two principal components (PC). Thirty‐nine markers were highly informative across 16 Burkina Faso breeding lines, out of which the top 10 revealed average PIC, MAF, and Ho of 0.36, 0.39, and 0.05, respectively. Discriminant analysis of principal components done using top 30 markers separated the breeding lines into five major clusters, three of which were distinct. Six of the top 10 most informative markers successfully confirmed hybridization of crosses between genotypes IESV240, KARIMTAMA1, F6YQ212, and FRAMIDA. A set of 10, 20, and 30 most informative markers are recommended for routine QC applications. Future effort should focus on the deployment of these markers in breeding programs for enhanced genetic gain.
Faecal incontinence with concurrent disorders of gut‐brain interaction: A worse outcome
Authors: Li Sarah G. , Mazor Yoav , Park Calvin Joomann , Jones Michael P. , Malcolm Allison 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundFaecal incontinence is a common debilitating condition associated with poor quality of life that generates substantial economic strain on healthcare systems.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate, in a tertiary referral population presenting with faecal incontinence, the impact of suffering additional disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) on symptom severity, anxiety, depression and quality of life.MethodsDesign: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary referral Neurogastroenterology centre. Patients: All patients presenting with faecal incontinence from 2007 to 2020 were included. Main Outcome Measures: The results from structured medical and surgical questionnaires including Rome III Integrative Questionnaire, Faecal Incontinence Severity Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SF‐36, and anorectal physiology were analysed using Stata version 17. Patients were categorised into 3 groups: 0–1 additional DGBI, 2 DGBIs, and 3+ DGBI. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05 (two‐tailed).Key ResultsFaecal incontinence patients (n = 249; mean age 63.4 ± 12.6 years; 93.6% female, 48.1% urge subtype) met diagnostic criteria for mean 2.2 additional DGBI each, mostly affecting bowel (n = 231, 42.4%) and anorectal (n = 150, 27.5%) regions. A greater number of DGBIs was associated with higher faecal incontinence symptom severity (p < 0.001), higher anxiety (p = 0.002) and depression (p = 0.003), and worse quality of life in areas of mental health (p = 0.037) and social effect (p < 0.001). Patients with a greater number of concurrent DGBI demonstrated a greater family history of gastrointestinal problems (p = 0.004). There were no associations found between a greater amount of DGBIs and anorectal physiology.Conclusions and InferencesA greater number of additional DGBIs in faecal incontinence patients was associated with worse faecal incontinence symptoms, higher anxiety and depression scores, and worse quality of life but was unrelated to physiology. This highlights the need to proactively search for comorbid DGBI in patients presenting with faecal incontinence.
Manometric identikit of a functioning and effective fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease in the high‐resolution manometry ERA
Authors: Salvador Renato , Capovilla Giovanni , Santangelo Matteo , Vittori Arianna , Forattini Francesca , Provenzano Luca , Nicoletti Loredana , Costantini Andrea , Moletta Lucia , Valmasoni Michele , Costantini Mario , Savarino Edoardo V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe pathophysiological and clinical value of performing High‐Resolution Manometry (HRM) after laparoscopic fundoplication (LF) for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is still unclear and debated.ObjectiveWe sought to establish the HRM parameters indicative of functioning fundoplications, and whether HRM could distinguish them from tight or defective ones.MethodsThe study involved patients with GERD who underwent laparoscopic Nissen (LN) or Toupet (LT) fundoplication between 2010 and 2022. HRM and 24‐h pH monitoring were performed before and 6 months after surgery. The study population was divided into 5 groups: LN and LT patients with normal 24h‐pH findings (LNpH‐ and LTpH‐, respectively); LN and LT patients with pathological 24h‐pH findings (LNpH+ and LTpH + groups, respectively); and patients with a postoperative dysphagia intensity score >2 (Dysphagia group). The novel Hiatal Morphology (HM) classification was applied, envisaging 3 different subtypes: HM1 (normal), HM2 (intrathoracic fundoplication), and HM3 (slipped fundoplication).ResultsAmong the 132 patients recruited during the study period, 46 were in the LNpH‐ group, 51 in the LTpH‐ group, 15 in the LNpH + group, 7 in the LTpH + group, and 5 in the Dysphagia group. In multivariate analysis, postoperative abdominal lower esophageal sphincter length (p = 0.001) and HM2 (p < 0.001) were both independently associated with surgical failure. Integrated relaxation pressure was significantly higher in the Dysphagia group than in the LNpH‐ group.ConclusionThis study generated reference HRM values for an effective LF, and confirms that using HRM to assess the neo‐sphincter and HM improves the clinical assessment in cases of symptom recurrence.
Electrochemical degradation of methyl orange from wastewater by SS/PbO2‐TiO2‐SnO2 composite electrode with and without UV
Authors: Thi Tot Pham , Thuy Mai Thi Thanh , Binh Phan Thi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSS/PbO2‐TiO2‐SnO2 composite electrode was synthesized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. The morphological structure of the composite was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), element‐mapping and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The photoelectrochemical and electrochemical properties were considered in 0.5 m H2SO4 solution with and without UV, respectively. The results indicated that the PbO2‐TiO2‐SnO2 composite had good photoelectrochemical properties due to anodic current and exchange current density increased (31.32% and 48.67%, respectively) under UV irradiation. The composite electrode was used as anode for methyl orange (MO) treatment reached 99.51% under UV irradiation. The kinetic of MO degradation followed the pseudo‐ first order with and without UV (R2 = 0.9528 and 0.9684, respectively). Therefore, TiO2 and SnO2 dopped into PbO2 layer, created a composite with good photoelectrocatalytic activity.
The Importance of Location for Coworking Spaces and the Timed City Concept. Experiences, Perceptions, and Reality in Malta
Authors: Bajada Thérèse , Satariano Bernadine , Chavoshi Seyed Hossein 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we aim to unravel the importance of the link between three themes: location, Coworking Spaces (CSs), and the timed city concept. We argue that location, CSs, and timed cities are interdependent and complement each other. To do this, we use Malta as a case study, a small high densely populated, car dependent island state that has only been exposed to CSs in the previous decade. To support our argument, we conducted semi-structured interviews with two CS owners, four traditional employers, and an entity representing employers. The former provided their experiences of having CSs in Malta and the latter two discussed their perceptions of CSs. The reality and the importance of location are represented through Geographic Information Systems, by which we analyzed walkable areas within the catchment of the CSs. The findings highlight that location unravels the importance of micro-geography in the context of an island state when considering the applicability of CSs and the timed city concept. Furthermore, the research resonates with the literature with regard to issues associated with mobility, accessibility, job type, and peripherality.
The Localization of Different Types of New Working Spaces in Central Europe
Authors: Rafaj Oliver , Danko Lukáš , Zhang Shifu , Belvončíková Eva 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter deals with the emergence of six different types of working spaces in Central European cities. Coworking spaces (CSs), makerspaces, fab labs, hackerspaces, living labs, and corporate labs are legal entities that in scientific literature are referred to as new working spaces (NeWSps). This chapter provides a summary overview of the emergence of individual types of NeWSps for in 138 selected cities of Central Europe—specifically in Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia—over the last 15 years. The results of our research showed that between 2007 and 2021, a total of 712 NeWSps entities were established in V4 countries, with CSs being the most represented (approximately 85% of the total number of NeWSps are coworking paces) and living labs the least represented. Our results further showed that the larger the number of inhabitants in cities and countries, the greater the number of established NeWSps in them. In the final part of the chapter we present examples of good practice for individual types of NeWSps from selected cities of the V4 countries.
The (re)location of Coworking Spaces in Ukraine During the Russian Invasion
Authors: Zhurbas Vika , Mariotti Ilaria , Orel Marko 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA significant part of all firms tends to remain in the same location throughout their lives. Firm birth, death, and relocation are part of firm demography. Firm location, birth, and death are driven by several pull and push factors which also include exogenous shocks such as a foreign invasion. This paper aims to present and discuss the location of coworking spaces in Ukraine during the first year of the Russian Invasion. Several coworking spaces closed down in the Kyiv region, and others have opened in the western part of the country. The motivations driving the choice of location of three new coworking spaces in western areas are presented through interviews with the coworking spaces managers, and the role played by the coworking spaces community discussed.
The Evolution of Non-traditional Workplaces: From Third Places to Hybrid Places
Authors: Tomaz Elisabete , Tabrizi Helyaneh Aboutalebi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent socioeconomic and technological developments with significant impacts on work organization and labor relations, along with changes in the work/life relationship, have driven the emergence and rapid growth of new working spaces (NeWSps). Starting with a review of the multidisciplinary literature, we seek to identify and understand the various categories and related concepts arising from non-traditional workspaces and their evolution. Concepts such as “third place” as an alternative to home (“first place”) and workplaces of production (“second place”) refer to environments that facilitate informal social relations and provide a sense of community. Alongside the emergence of third places for work, discussions about hybrid places are arising as a spatial concept that combines two or more predefined NeWSps typologies, either with each other or with inherently tourism and hospitality infrastructure. The typologies presented serve as analytical tools to improve the understanding of this growing phenomenon, foster its diversity and integration, and contribute to future research on NeWSps and their socioeconomic implications.
A Taxonomy of New Working Spaces
Authors: Micek Grzegorz , Baycan Tüzin , Lange Bastian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we present a definition of new working spaces (NeWSps). We then delve into the unique characteristics of different types of NeWSps. We propose a typology that classifies these spaces based on the primary needs of their users, distinguishing between two approaches: “do it together” and “do it yourself”. Drawing from our literature review, we introduce the concepts of coworking spaces, creative hubs, living labs, corporate labs, makerspaces, fab labs, open worklabs and hackerspaces. We argue that while these types of NeWSps share some similarities, there are important differences between them, and they may overlap in certain dimensions. To capture the wide range of new working spaces, we present two perspectives on makerspaces and creative hubs: lato sensu and stricto sensu.
New Working Spaces Typologies Beyond Core Cities
Authors: Gato Maria Assunção , Haubrich Gislene 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTechnological development, global economic restructuring and the changing nature of work are three main factors prompting new working spaces (NeWSps). In this text, we explore the phenomenon of NeWSps beyond the core cities in the European context. We aim to understand how new ways of working spur NeWSps, focusing on their spread and impact on peripheral and rural areas. We organize the chapter into two parts. First, we present a brief overview of typologies and characteristics of new working spaces beyond core cities. Second, we introduce two case studies conceived in rural areas of Portugal. Beyond their distinct features, the success of these examples relies on the virtuosity of the networks and connections that have evolved around these spaces so as to root them in the territory and local communities.
Reach and Offset
Authors: Breiding Paul , Kohn Kathlén , Sturmfels Bernd 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we study the medial axis, bottlenecks, and offset hypersurfaces. These notions are intuitive and important for many applications. They will also lead to a better understanding of the geometry of the reach, which was introduced in Definition 6.19. The last section is devoted to the offset discriminant of a variety. This offers a direct link between the ED problem in Chapter 2 and differential geometric concepts we saw in the previous chapter, namely the second fundamental form (6.9) and the Weingarten map (6.10).