bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of CA125, carcinoembryonic antigen, and alpha‐fetoprotein in ovarian cyst fluid: Diagnostic adjunct to cytology
Authors: Pinto Marguerite M. , Bernstein Larry H. , Brogan Dennis A. , Parikh Firuza , Lavy Gaby 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study used CA125, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) to classify ovarian cysts by measuring the levels of the three antigens; this information was useful when fluid obtained through laparoscopic puncture of ovarian cysts was submitted for cytologic examination from patients for whom tissue was unavailable for classification. We studied 136 consecutive cyst fluids (108 benign, 28 malignant) and correlated the findings with the tissue diagnosis. All three antigens were very low (CEA, < 0.5 ng/ml; CA125, 55‐2,143 μ/ml; and AFP, <4.8 ng/ml) in follicular and lutein cysts. Markedly elevated CA125 (296‐1,950,000 μ/ml) and low CEA (0.5‐220 ng/ml) and AFP (<4.8 ng/ml) levels were seen in patients with serous neoplasms, both benign and malignant. Elevated CEA (>600 ng/ml) and CA125 (56‐65.330 μ/ml) levels were seen in primary mucinous cystadenoma and cystad‐enocarcinoma. Two patients with colonic carcinoma met astatic to the ovary had an elevated CEA (>600 ng/ml) and a normal CA125. Only one patient, with a malignant teratoma, had an elevated AFP. The adjunctive use of CEA and CA125 is recommended for the classification of ovarian cysts.
Liesegang rings in renal cyst fluid
Authors: Katz Laurie B. K. , Ehya Hormoz 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeculiar ring‐like structures identifed as Liesegang rings (LRs) were found in renal cyst fluid from three patients with benign renal cysts. They ranged in size from 5 to 820 μ. Most had a double‐layer outer wall with equally spaced radial cross‐striations and an amorphous central nidus. Special stains were performed in one case, and the results are discussed. Reports of LRs in cystic or inflamed tissues have recently appeared in the literature. Some LRs have been mistaken for eggs or mature components of the giant kidney worm, Dioctophyma renale. We propose that cytologic assessment of renal cyst fluid in conjunction with histologic examination decreases the likelihood of misdiagnosis of LRs.
Cytology of pseudomyxoma peritonei: Report of two cases arising from appendiceal cystadenomas
Authors: Costa Michael , Oertel Yolanda C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPseudomyxoma peritonei is the clinical term for the diffuse deposition of mucus within the peritoneal cavity secondary to a mucinous tumor of the ovary or appendix. This gelatinous ascites, or ‘jelly‐belly’ may result in death from loss of intestinal function and intestinal obstruction caused by peritoneal implants rather than visceral invasion. Microscopic evaluation of peritoneal fluid is frequently an initial diagnostic test: however, in a search of the recent literature we were surprised to find only one case report of the cytologic features. This prompted us to report the cytologic findings in the peritoneal fluid of two cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei arising from appendiceal mucinous cystadenomas.
Detection of human papillomavirus in reprocessed routine papanicolaou smears by dna hybridization
Authors: Rakoczy P. , Hutchinson L. , Kulski J. K. , Sterrett G. F. , Pixley E. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDNA dot blot hybridization was used for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, anti 18 in reprocessed routinely collected Papanicolaou smears. DNA was extracted from the smears with alkaline lysis and applied onto a nitrocellulose jilter. The specificity and sensitivity of the dot blot hybridization on reprocessed Papanicolaou smears were confirmed by Southern blot analysis of selected samples, using CaSki, SiHa cell lines as positive controls and HF 32 as negative controls. From 42 normal smears and 44 abnormal smears with koilocytosis present, 9 (21W) and 43 (98 %), respectively, were positive for HPV6/11/16 or 18. These results show that reprocessed Papanicolaou smears in combination with DNA hybridization have potential application in retrospective studies on the prevalence and distribution of HPV infection.
Identification of Campylobacter pylori by endoscopic brush cytology
Authors: Schnadig Vicki J. , Bigio Eileen H. , Gourley William K. , Stewart Georgia D. , Newton Grace A. , Shabot J. Marc 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo investigate the value of Papanicolaou‐stained endoscopic brush samples in the diagnosis of Campylobacter pylori infection of the upper gastrointestinal tract, 138 brush and biopsy samples from the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, taken concomitantly, were reviewed retrospectively. In 35 cases, Campylobacter‐like organisms (CLOs) were found in both cytology and biopsy samples. In 15 cases, CLOs were seen in biopsy material only, and in 8 cases, CLOs were found in cytology material only. CLOs were found in 49% of the gastric specimens and 33% of the Barrett's esophagus specimens by histologic or cytologic examination or by both methods. CLOs were found by at least one method in 64% of the gastric samples with active gastritis, 40% with borderline gastritis, 15% without gastritis, and in 64% with adenocarcinoma. Cytologic examination of endoscopic brush samples is a valuable technique for the diagnosis of gastric Campylobacter infections and can be performed easily in cytopathology laboratories.
Intraoperative cytologic diagnosis: Evaluation of 370 consecutive intraoperative cytologies
Authors: Guarda Luis A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree‐hundred and seventy intraoperative cytologies are presented and compared with synchronously performed frozen sections. Cytologic smears and frozen sections were misinterpreted in 1.6% and 0.8% of cases, respectively; the rate of diagnostic errors between the two techniques is comparable given the lack of experience with intraoperative cytology at the beginning of the study. Intraoperative cytology is a suitable technique for a variety of lesions, but it is most helpful in the field of neuro‐oncological pathology, certain infectious diseases, lesions of the hematopoietic system, and most epithelial tumors. Cytologic smears afford better morphologic preservation and detail than frozen sections. Techniques are outlined and discussed. Diagnostic criteria of selected cases are presented, and pitfalls are analyzed.
Radiation changes in endocervical cells in brush specimens
Authors: Frierson Henry F. , Covell Jamie L. , Andersen Willie A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough the cytologic changes in cervical and vaginal squamous cells after radiation therapy were well‐described decades ago, alterations in endocervical cells in response to radiation therapy have not been delineated in detail. We studied the effect of radiation therapy (usually combined linear accelerator beam and radium insertion) on endocervical cells as seen in endocervical brush specimens from 24 patients treated for cervical cancer. Of the 40 smears examined, 45 % were taken 3–6 mo after the completion of radiotherapy, 28% at 10–14 mo, and 20% at 18–34 mo. Endocervical cells appeared as single cells and in clusters and had lavender, mucin‐filled cytoplasm. When present in clusters, they lacked the honeycomb appearance of normal endocervical cells. In smears taken at 3–6 mo. the majority of endocervical cells were enlarged (100% of smears) but they usually had normal nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios. Their nuclei were enlarged (100% of smears); varied in size (100%); had some coarse chromatin (67%) and large nucleoli (78%); and were multinucleated (89%). Repair cells and multinucleated histiocytes were seen in 83% and 61% of smears, respectively, Each of these cytologic findings was less apparent in follow‐up smears taken more than 6 mo after the completion of radiation therapy. Awareness of these cytologic changes in endocervical cells after radiation therapy precludes the overdiagnosis of cancer in follow‐up endocervical brush specimens.
Diagnosis of squamous‐cell carcinoma of the lung by sputum cytology: With special reference to correlation of diagnostic accuracy with size and proximal extent of resected tumor
Authors: Matsuda Minoru , Horai Takeshi , Doi Osamu , Kodama Ken , Tateishi Ryuhei 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSputum cytology was performed in 179 cases of squamlous‐cell carcinoma of the lung; 134 cases were diagnosed as positive. There were no significant differences in diagnostic accuracy of sputum cytology between tumors sizes. In cases with tumors extending proximally into the main, lobar, or segmental bronchi, the diagnostic accuracy of sputum cytology was significantly higher than in cases where the proximal invasion of tumor was limited to the peripheral bronchi. In cases with tumors 3 cm or less in diameter, when tumors extended proximally into main, lobar, or segmental bronchi, the diagnostic accuracy of sputum cytology was significantly higher than in cases with tumors extending proximally into subsegmental or subsubsegmental bronchi. In peripherally located squamous‐cell carcinoma, in cases in which the tumor arose in subsegmental or subsubsegmental bronchi, carcinoma could be detected by sputum cytology even when it was roentgenographically occult.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of hematopoietic lesions from multiple sites
Authors: Silverman Jan F. , McLeod Darryl L. , Park H. Kim 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe reviewed 130 fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies from 118 patients with a variety of benign and malignant hematopoietic lesions. There were 74 (57%) malignant, 45 (35%) benign, and 11 (8%) atypical diagnoses. Immunocytochemistry of the aspirated material was performed in 47 (36%) and electron microscopy in 4 (3%) of the cases. FNA cytology was utilized to make a primary hematopoietic malignant diagnosis in approximately half of the cases and to confirm recurrence in the remainder. The malignant cases included non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, medullary and extramedullary plasmacytoma, and granulocytic sarcoma. Forty‐two malignant cases had either previous or follow‐up surgical biopsy with no false‐positive diagnoses. Of the 11 atypical cases, seven had surgical confirmation with five malignant and two benign diagnoses. The benign hematopoietic lesions correctly identified included acute and chronic lymphadenitis, granulomatous processes, and eosinophilic granuloma. Only 5 of the 45 benign FNA biopsies had surgical pathology follow‐up, with no false‐negative diagnoses. The most commonly aspirated sites were lymph nodes (71 %), although hematopoietic lesions were correctly identified in a number of extranodal locations, including soft tissue (8%), abdominal viscera (6%), lungs (5%), mediastinum (2.5%), bone (3%), and thyroid, salivary gland, and breast (1.5% each). This study demonstrates the clinical utility and diagnostic accuracy of FNA cytology in the evaluation of benign and malignant hematopoietic disorders from multiple sites. Ancillary studies performed on the aspirated material aided in making a specific and accurate diagnosis.
Cytologic diagnosis of fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Davenport Robertson D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo cases in which the diagnosis of fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver was made by fine‐needle aspiration are presented. The cytologic findings were characteristic and permitted these tumors to be differentiated from the usual hepatocellular carcinoma. Since fibrolamellar carcinoma has unique clinical and pathologic features, and is much more likely to be resectable. making this diagnosis is important.
Silver staining of interphase nucleolar organizer regions in cytologic smears previously stained by the papanicolaou and may‐Grünwald‐Giemsa Techniques
Authors: Batsotti Paola , Ascoli Valeria , Nardi Francesco , Marinozri Vittorio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMalignant cells are known to display a distinctive argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (Ag‐NOR) protein distribution compared with distribution in their benign counterparts. In this study, Ag‐NOR staining was applied to smears from reactive and malignant serous effusions. The smears were either unstained or had been previously stained with the Papanicolaou or May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa (MGG) technique. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and usefulness of Ag‐NOR staining in diagnostic cytopathology and to set up a procedure that could be used on prestained smears in retrospective studies. The one‐step silver staining method was applied to prestained smears after a weak destaining step in trichloroacetic acid and to unstained smears after a postfixation step in Carnoy's fluid. Positive results were observed on both destained and unstained preparations, MGG‐stained smears showing a better visualization of the silver deposits than Papanicolaou‐stained smears. Major differences in size, shape, and distribution patterns of the Ag‐NOR‐positive granules were observed between neoplastic and reactive cells. Furthermore, the mean number of silver‐stained dots per cell was significantly higher in malignant cells (33.32 ± 2.23) than in reactive mesothelial cells (9.71 ± 0.66). These data indicate that this Ag‐NOR technique can be profitably applied to prestained cytologic smears to assist in the diagnosis of malignancy and that the technique has the advantage that cellular morphology and silver staining can be evaluated on the same slide.
Intraoperative imprint cytology: Its significance as a diagnostic adjunct
Authors: Kim Kitai , Phillips Edwin R. , Paolino Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe retrospectively evaluated 664 specimens submitted for intraoperative frozen‐section analysis for which cytologic imprints or smears were also prepared; 238 (36%) were malignant neoplasms. These preparations were retrospectively evaluated independently by three reviewers of varied experience in the detection of malignancy. The number of false‐positive and false‐negative results were recorded, and various assessment parameters (sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, and predictive value) were calculated. The imprint was of chief value as an adjunct to the frozen section, particularly in avoiding false‐positive and, to a lesser extent, false‐negative interpretations. Experience with the use of intraoperative cytology demonstrated the technique to be of value in providing abbreviated preparation time (3‐5 min); supportive diagnostic information when frozen section was equivocal: diagnostic information when frozen‐section evaluation could not be done (e.g., excessively small sample); contributory information for final diagnosis on difficult cases; and excellent teaching material for cytopathology.
Lung cancer treated on the basis of cytologic findings: An analysis of 112 patients
Authors: Caya James G. , Gilles Lynn , Tieu Thu Minh , Murray Kevin , Clowry Lawrence J. , Wollenberg Nancy J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe authors studied 112 patients who received definitive radiotherapy/chemotherapy solely on the basis of positive cytologic findings in the appropriate clinical context. Eighty patients (71.4%) were treated on the basis of one or more positive sputum studies, while the remainder had at least one positive bronchial cytologic preparation. Eighty‐six patients (76.3%) received radiotherapy alone; 19 received both radiotherapy and chemotherapy: only 7 were exclusively given chemotherapy. The utilization of stringent verification criteria revealed that none of our patients was falsely positive for malignancy. For those patients categorized as having malignant disease by verification criteria I‐IV, there were no significant disparities between histologic and cytologic diagnoses. This study demonstrated, in a systematic fashion, that patients can be reliably and definitively treated for lung cancer on the basis of positive respiratory cytology findings without tissue corroboration.
Fine‐needle aspiration of lymph nodes in patients with acute infectious mononucleosis
Authors: Stanley Michael W. , Steeper Theresa A. , Horwitz Charles A. , Burton Linda G. , Strickler John G. , Borken Stuart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe studied lymph node fine‐needle aspirations from 10 patients with primary Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infections (infectious mononucleosis). There were five males and five females, aged 15‐54yr. The diagnoses were confirmed by blood morphology and heterophil antibody (HA) and EBV‐specific serologic studies. Nine patients were HA‐positive, nine were viral capsid antigen (VCA)‐IgM‐positive, and all 10 were VCA‐IgG‐positive and anti‐EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)‐negative. Five patients were referred for fine‐needle aspiration biopsies for clinically suspected malignant lymphoma (ML). Four of these patients had been tested for HA prior to fine‐needle aspiration, with negative results in three cases. The heterophil‐positive patient was referred for fine‐needle aspiration due to very impressive unilateral cervical adenopathy. Cytologically, all cases showed atypia consisting of greater numbers of large immunoblastic lymphocytes than are usually seen in the reactive lymph node. Two cases were cytologically suspicious for malignant lymphoma but included a considerable background of polymorphic immunoblasts. We suggest that polymorphic immunoblastic proliferations in lymph node cytology are suggestive of infectious mononucleosis. Since several reactive and neoplastic processes mimic this pattern, cases not followed by both confirmatory serologic studies and resolution of adenopathy should be pursued by excisional lymph node biopsy.
Recurrent multifocal adult rhabdomyoma diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Walker William P. , Laszewski Michael J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of a recurrent multifocal extracardiac adult rhabdomyoma is described, and the literature is reviewed. The patient presented with dysphagia and bilateral palpable neck masses 21 yr after resection of a rhabdomyoma of the tongue. The clinical differential diagnoses included ptotic submandibular glands and lymphadenopathy. The aspiration smears and cytospin preparations contained large polygonal cells with abundant granular cytoplasm with indistinct borders and uniform, peripherally located nuclei. Cross‐striations were identified within the cytoplasm of some cells on Papanicolaou and modified Wright‐Giemsa stains. This case represents only the fourth description of the cytology of this entity and the first reported case of a recurrence diagnosed by FNA. The characteristic cytomorphologic features enabled a definitive diagnosis to be made 21 yr after the original resection, sparing a poor‐risk patient a debilitating surgical procedure for a benign, slow‐growing neoplasm.
Fine‐needle aspiration of fibroadenomas of the breast with atypia: A spectrum including cases that cytologically mimic carcinoma
Authors: Stanley Michael W. , Tani Edneia M. , Skoog Lambert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe herein report the cytologic and histotogic findings in 11 cases of cytologically atypical fibroadenoma (FA). These ranged from cases recognizable as FA but showing epithelial atypia to cases that, even on review, completely mimicked the needle aspiration picture of ductal breast carcinoma. A retrospective review of 45 cases of previously excised FA showed that focal atypia is common (27%). Possible physiologic explanations for atypia in FA, along with strategies for avoiding false diagnoses of malignancy in aspiration smears, are discussed.
Light and electron microscopic examination of fine‐needle aspirates in the preoperative diagnosis of cartilaginous tumors
Authors: Walaas Lisa , Kindblom Lars‐Gunnar , Gunterberg Björn , Bergh Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐eight patients with chondrogenic tumors—2 chondroblastomas, 4 chondromas, 18 chondrosarcomas, 1 clear‐cell chondrosarcoma, and 3 mesenchymal chondrosarcomas—underwent fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the preoperative investigation. The cytologic features in smears were compared with the histopathologic findings in the surgical specimens; in 14 cases they were also compared with the light and electron microscopic findings in resin‐embedded fine‐needle aspirates. The smears of the vast majority of the classical chondrosarcomas presented features that made possible the FNAB diagnosis of a chondrogenic tumor to be made. In the case of the low‐grade chondrosarcomas in particular, which were poorly or moderately cellular in smears and showed chondroblastic cells often in lacunary structures of hyaline matrix, consideration of the clinical presentation, size, location, and roentgenographic appearance was essential for the diagnosis of chondrosarcoma. On the other hand, the high‐grade chondrosarcomas presented cytologic features that clearly indicated their malignancy and they usually had a myxoid matrix. The possible differential diagnoses that may arise from the FNAB diagnosis of cartilaginous tumors are discussed. The resin‐embedding technique for the light and electron microscopic examination of FNABs. along with the histochemical analysis for the demonstration of sulphated glucosaminoglycans and the immunocytochemistry applied to smears, was found to be of value in the definite diagnosis, especially in the distinction of chondrogenic tumors from chordoma and metastatic mucous‐producing carcinoma.
Lipid‐rich metastatic balloon‐cell melanoma: Diagnosis by a multimodal approach to aspiration biopsy cytology
Authors: Martinez Felix , Merenda Gloria , Bedrossian Carlos W. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFine needle aspirates from one of multiple liver nodules revealed a large number of discohesive malignant cells with abundant vacuolated cytoplasm. The patient had had left eye enucleation the year before, for a melanoma with focal areas of clear cell change. Pap stained preparations from the liver FNA displayed well the nuclear features of balloon cell melanoma, including anisonucleosis, prominent nucleoli and intranuclear inclusions. Diff‐Quik stain demonstrated best the cytoplasmic features such as distinct cell margins and finely dispersed and sharply delineated clear vacuoles. No pigmentation was noted but melanoma was suspected after the history prompted comparison with the enucleated specimen resected a year previously. A multimodal battery of ancillary methods including electron microscopy (EM) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) allowed the confirmation of balloon‐cell melanoma, a rare variant not previously described in the eye. By EM, abundant lipids were identified along with melanin‐containing structures resembling melanosomes. S‐100 positivity along with negativity for epithelial, lymphohistiocyte and germ cell markers was compatible with melanoma, These findings are consistent with the view that cytologic detection of poorly cohesive, hypervacuolated cells does not exclude the possibility of melanoma. This rare example of a lipid‐containing melanoma stresses the value of obtaining good clinical history, comparing FNAs to any pre‐existing material and utilizing a multimodal approach to cytologic diagnosis in select cases.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology in azoospermic males
Authors: Rajwanshi A. , Indudhara R. , Goswami A. K. , Radhika S. , Das A. , Sharma S. K. , Vaidyanathan S. , Datta B. N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBilateral testicular fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed in 100 males, including 10 controls with normal fertility and 90 infertile azoospermic males. The various seminiferous tubular cells were easily identified in smears. It was possible to give a cytological diagnosis in histologic terms by analysis of the combinations of various cell types. The cytohistologic correlation in 25 cases was nearly 100%. FNAC is particularly useful in cases of obstructive azoospermia, where mature spermatozoa are seen in smears.