bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overnight CSII as supplement to oral antidiabetic drugs in Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Parkner T. , Møller M. K. , Chen J. W. , Laursen T. , Jørgensen C. , Smedegaard J. S. , Lauritzen T. , Christiansen J. S. 
Published: June 2007

Aim:  To evaluate the potential advantages of a constant overnight subcutaneous delivery of insulin in type 2 diabetic patients who fail to achieve glycaemic control on oral antidiabetics.Methods:  Ten type 2 diabetic patients treated with oral antidiabetic drugs without gaining sufficient glycaemic control were included in this three‐period study. All patients received continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with a short‐acting insulin analogue, 2 IU/h, for 8 h during three consecutive nights (period A). Based upon the results from period A, two additional dose regimens of three nights (period B and C) were studied in random order. Serum insulin aspart, human insulin and plasma glucose (PG) profiles were recorded.Results:  In period A, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was reduced from a mean ± s.d. (mmol/l) value of 11.6 ± 2.9 to 5.5 ± 1.6 (p < 0.0001) during the first night. No additional lowering of FPG was seen the two succeeding nights. FPG narrowed as the range before the infusion was 7.3–15.2 mmol/l compared with 3.6–6.1 mmol/l on the last morning after infusion. The variability in PG profile during the first and the last night of CSII was small and not significantly different. The rising insulin aspart was mirrored by a decrease in human insulin. In period B and C, similar tendencies as for period A were seen. In period A, two patients each experienced one mild hypoglycaemic episode.Conclusions:  CSII with an insulin analogue overnight effectively reduced FPG without occurrence of major hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients who fail to achieve glycaemic control on oral antidiabetic treatment.
Pioglitazone attenuates fatty acid–induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in pancreatic β‐cells
Authors: Saitoh Y. , Chun‐ping C. , Noma K. , Ueno H. , Mizuta M. , Nakazato M. 
Published: June 2007

Aims:  Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), ligands for peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ, are antidiabetic agents that improve hyperglycemia by decreasing insulin resistance in obese diabetic animal models and patients with type 2 diabetes. We have studied whether pioglitazone, a TZD, can exert a direct effect against pancreatic β‐cell lipoapoptosis.Methods:  MIN6 cells were cultured in medium containing either 5.6 (low glucose) or 25 mM glucose (high glucose) in the presence or absence of 0.5 mM palmitate for 48 h. We examined the effect of 10 μM pioglitazone on MIN6 cells on glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion, cellular ATP, uncoupling protein‐2 (UCP‐2) mRNA expression, intracellular triglyceride content, reactive oxygen species production, the number of apoptotic cells and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activity.Results:  Pioglitazone recovered partly impaired glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion and cellular ATP in MIN6 cell exposed to high glucose with 0.5 mM palmitate. Pioglitazone suppressed intracellular triglyceride accumulation in cells exposed to high glucose with 0.5 mM palmitate. Palmitate‐induced upregulation of UCP‐2 mRNA levels was suppressed by pioglitazone in a dose‐dependent manner. Pioglitazone decreased palmitate‐induced reactive oxygen species production in MIN6 cells by 24% and in mouse islet cells by 53%. Pioglitazone also decreased palmitate‐induced NF‐κB activity by 40% and protected β‐cells from palmitate‐induced apoptosis by 22% in MIN6 cell.Conclusions:  Pioglitazone attenuated fatty acid–induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in pancreatic β‐cells. TZDs might be used as a mean for maintaining β‐cell survival and preserving capacity of insulin secretion in patients with diabetes mellitus.
In Search of the “Third Dimension” of Burnout: Efficacy or Inefficacy?
Authors: Bresó Edgar , Salanova Marisa , Schaufeli Wilmar B. 
Published: June 2007

This article contributes to the ongoing debate about whether or not lack of efficacy constitutes the “third dimension” of burnout. This debate is obscured by the fact that lack of efficacy is measured by positively framed efficacy items that are reversed in order to be indicative of burnout. Instead, this study includes aninefficacy scale that consists of negatively worded items that arenotreversed. In two samples of university students from Spain (n= 193) and The Netherlands (n= 235), the factor structure of the traditional Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Student Survey (MBI‐SS), that includes an “efficacy” scale, is assessed and compared with that of academic burnout that includes an “inefficacy” scale instead. Confirmatory factor analyses in both samples showed a slightly better fit of the latter. Furthermore, results were remarkably similar across samples, which illustrates the robustness of our findings. It is concluded that in future research, instead of efficacy, an inefficacy scale should be used to assess burnout.Cet article contribue à savoir si le manque d’efficacité est ou n’est pas la troisième dimension constitutive du burnout. Au lieu de mesurer le manque d’efficacité au moyen d’items efficacité construits positivement et qui sont inversés pour être des indicateurs du burnout, cette étude introduit une échelle d’inefficacité composée d’items formulés négativement et qui n’ont donc pas àêtre inversés. Deux échantillons d’étudiants espagnols (n= 193) et néerlandais (n= 235) ont répondu au traditionnel Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Student Survey (MBI‐SS) qui comprend une échelle d’efficacité. La structure factorielle qui s’en dégage a été comparée à celle qui inclut une échelle d’inefficacité. Comme attendu, les analyses factorielles sur les deux échantillons montrent une légère supériorité de la seconde. En outre, les résultats des deux échantillons sont particulièrement proches ce qui illustre la robustesse de nos résultats. En conclusion, on peut dire que dans les recherches futures, plutôt qu’une échelle d’efficacité pour mesurer le burnout, on pourrait lui préférer une échelle d’inefficacité.
Refining our Understanding of Traumatic Growth in the Face of Terrorism: Moving from Meaning Cognitions to Doing what is Meaningful
Authors: Hobfoll Stevan E. , Hall Brian J. , Canetti‐Nisim Daphna , Galea Sandro , Johnson Robert J. , Palmieri Patrick A. 
Published: June 2007

Recent studies related to global terrorism have suggested the potential of posttraumatic growth (PTG) following experiences of terror exposure. However, investigations of whether psychological distress is reduced or increased by PTG in other trauma contexts have been inconsistent. Results from our studies conducted in New York following the attacks of 11 September 2001 and in Israel during recent tumultuous periods of violence and terrorism, the Al Aqsa Intifada, have found posttraumatic growth to be related to greater psychological distress, more right‐wing political attitudes, and support for retaliatory violence. Only when individuals were deeply involved in translating growth cognitions to growth actions in our research on the forced disengagement of settlers from Gaza did we find positive benefit in posttraumatic growth. Findings are considered within the framework of a new formulation of action‐focused growth.De récentes recherches en rapport avec le terrorisme international ont souligné le potentiel du développement post‐traumatique (PTG) découlant de la confrontation à la terreur. Toutefois, les travaux cherchant à savoir si la détresse psychologique était atténuée ou accentuée par le PTG dans d’autres contextes traumatiques se sont révélés contradictoires. Nos investigations à New York après l’attentat du 11 septembre 2001 et en Israël durant des périodes récentes de violence et de terrorisme, la seconde Intifada, ont montré que le développement post‐traumatique était plutôt liéà une grande détresse psychologique, à des opinions politiques de droite et à une attente de représailles. On a observé lors du déménagement obligatoire des colons de Gaza que ce n’est que lorsque les individus étaient profondément impliqués dans la transformation des cognitions de développement en actions de développement que le développement post‐traumatique avait des retombées positives. Ces résultats sont appréhendés dans le cadre d’une nouvelle approche du développement centré sur l’action.
Traumatic Growth in the Face of Terrorism: Threshold Effects and Action‐Based Growth
Authors: Stasko Emily C. , Ickovics Jeannette R. 
Published: June 2007

Although posttraumatic growth is generally thought of as a protective factor for posttraumatic stress disorder, Hobfoll and colleagues (this issue) suggest that the benefits derived from posttraumatic growth are dependent upon the translation from cognition to action, an occurrence they term action‐based growth. In their latest examination of traumatic growth in the face of terrorism, Hobfoll et al. reviewed five studies and found that posttraumatic growth was positively associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. This commentary addresses the strengths and limitations of the studies’ methodology and the theoretical and clinical implications of action‐based growth. We speculate that the severity and chronicity of terrorism result in psychosocial vulnerability, such that PTG cannot ameliorate risk of adverse consequences. It is expected that psychosocial vulnerability may be related to all traumas falling above a certain threshold of severity. However, when cognition and action are linked—as they are in one of the studies of the Gaza disengagement—posttraumatic growth may be protective, even in the face of persistent terrorism.Bien que le développement post‐traumatique soit généralement considéré comme protégeant des troubles dus au stress post‐traumatique, Hobfoll et ses collègues écrivent dans leur article que les bénéfices provenant du développement post‐traumatique dépendent du transfert de la cognition vers l’action, une opération qu’ils dénomment développement basé sur l’action. Dans leur récente étude du développement traumatique devant le terrorisme, Hobfoll et al. passent en revue cinq recherches et concluent que le développement post‐traumatique entretient un lien positif avec les troubles dus au stress post‐traumatique. Ce commentaire porte sur les forces et les faiblesses de la méthodologie des études et sur les implications théoriques et cliniques du développement basé sur l’action. Nous pensons que la violence et la récurrence du terrorisme provoquent une vulnérabilité psychologique dont le PTG est incapable de réduire les risques de conséquences néfastes. On s’attend à ce que la vulnérabilité psychosociale soit provoquée par tout traumatisme dépassant un certain seuil de gravité. Toutefois, quand cognition et action se rejoignent (comme c’est le cas dans l’une des recherches sur l’évacuation de Gaza), le développement post‐traumatique peut être protecteur, même confrontéà un terrorisme permanent.
Sperm contamination in archived and contemporary herring samples
Authors: MITCHELL DANIELLE , McALLISTER PATRICK , STICK KURT , HAUSER LORENZ 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStudies using archived scales and otoliths to examine ancient fish populations have become increasingly common, despite many methodological challenges in ancient DNA research. Here, we describe a case of DNA contamination in both modern and historical samples of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), where the source of the contamination is likely from milt spillage during collection. We describe a series of experiments to remove contamination using pre‐extraction wash treatments. Though contamination was easily removed from contemporary fin clippings, no method was successful at removing contamination from historical scales. We discuss the implications of our findings to the genetic analysis of archived samples.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers for studies of the conservation and reproductive genetics of imperilled sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus)
Authors: FELDHEIM KEVIN A. , STOW ADAM J. , AHONEN HEIDI , CHAPMAN DEMIAN D. , SHIVJI MAHMOOD , PEDDEMORS VIC , WINTNER SABINE 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe report on the isolation of eight microsatellites from the sand tiger shark, Carcharias taurus, using an enrichment protocol. All loci, with the exception of Cta45–183, were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Loci exhibited three to 15 alleles, and observed and expected heterozygosities of 0.095–1.000 and 0.284–0.924, respectively. An additional marker (Iox‐12) developed from a shortfin mako library was variable in sand tigers. These markers will be used to examine population genetics and mating patterns of this imperilled species.
Multicolor real‐time polymerase chain reaction genotyping of six human platelet antigens using displacing probes
Authors: Ruan Li , Pei Bin , Li Qingge 
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND: Several genotyping methods for six clinically relevant human platelet antigens (HPAs) have been reported. A four‐color real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using displacing probes for genotyping of the six HPAs is described.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Primers and four differently fluorophor‐labeled displacing probes were designed and synthesized to detect single‐nucleotide polymorphisms responsible for each of the HPA‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, ‐5, and ‐15 genotypes. Two HPA systems were analyzed in a single PCR procedure. After validation with samples of known genotypes, a total of 150 blood samples from healthy donors were genotyped. The results were compared with PCR with sequence‐specific primers (SSP), PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and/or direct DNA sequencing. The frequencies of each HPA allele were calculated.RESULTS: Unequivocal real‐time PCR genotyping results were obtained with minimal manual manipulation and carryover contamination. All 150 blood samples were correctly genotyped as confirmed by PCR‐SSP, PCR‐RFLP, and/or direct DNA sequencing. The allelic frequencies of HPA‐1 through ‐5 and ‐15 among the Chinese population in Xiamen were comparable with those previously reported with Chinese living in other territories. For each specimen, genotyping of all six HPA biallelic systems was achieved in three tubes of PCR within 90 minutes and with material cost of no more than $1.CONCLUSION: Genotyping of HPA with real‐time PCR using displacing probes is more rapid and reliable compared with PCR‐SSP and PCR‐RFLP methods and is more affordable than existing real‐time PCR–based HPA genotyping assays. Thus, our approach is more suitable for routine HPA analysis and ideal for both urgent clinical testing and high‐throughput screening.
Prevalence and quantitation of parvovirus B19 DNA levels in blood donors with a sensitive polymerase chain reaction screening assay
Authors: Kleinman Steven H. , Glynn Simone A. , Lee Tzong‐Hae , Tobler Leslie , Montalvo Leilani , Todd Deborah , Kiss Joseph E. , Shyamala Venkatakrishna , Busch Michael P. ,   National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS‐II)
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND: Blood donor parvovirus B19 DNA prevalence with sensitive nucleic acid test assays has recently been demonstrated to be higher than that found with assays designed to detect high viral titers in the plasma manufacturing sector.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Stored plasma aliquots from 5020 donations collected between 2000 and 2003 at seven US blood centers were tested. Testing was performed with a real‐time B19 DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR; TaqMan, Applied Biosystems) assay with a 50 percent limit of detection (LOD) of 1.6 IU per mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2‐2.1 IU/mL) and a 95 percent LOD of 16.5 IU per mL (95% CI, 10.6‐33.9 IU/mL). Confirmation and quantitation of B19 DNA was accomplished by retesting of two additional subaliquots. Confirmed‐positive specimens were tested for the presence of anti‐B19 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG with FDA‐licensed assays.RESULTS: B19 DNA prevalence was 0.88 percent (95% CI, 0.64%‐1.2%). Among the 23 donations with B19 DNA titers of at least 20 IU per mL, the median DNA concentration was 105 IU per mL with an interquartile range of 42 to 481 IU per mL; the highest value was 1869 IU per mL. All B19 DNA–positive donations were positive for the presence of IgG and 10 (23%) were also positive for the presence of IgM; IgM seropositivity was associated with increasing DNA levels (p = 0.0013).CONCLUSION: Low‐level B19 DNA was detected in nearly 1 percent of donations. The 23 percent of DNA‐positive donations with both IgM and IgG B19 antibody most likely represent acute resolving infection, whereas those with IgG but no IgM are most consistent with a more chronic and possibly persistent phase of B19 infection.
Atrial natriuretic peptide serum concentration decreases in donors undergoing discontinuous plasmapheresis involving a large extracorporeal blood volume
Authors: Karger Ralf , Halbe Monika , Giffhorn‐Katz Susanne , Katz Norbert , Kretschmer Volker 
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND: In donor plasmapheresis, circulatory reactions occur at a similar frequency as in whole‐blood donation although the large extracorporeal blood volume (ECV) occurring during discontinuous plasmapheresis might predispose donors to hypovolemic reactions. The regulatory mechanisms compensating for this intradonation blood volume (BV) deficit are not well understood. It was the aim of this study to delineate whether atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is involved in the BV regulation of plasmapheresis donors. Because ANP regulates volume overload, it might decrease during BV decrease in plasmapheresis.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: ANP serum concentrations were determined in 60 donors undergoing discontinuous plasmapheresis. Samples were taken before the start of the procedure and when maximum ECV (ECVmax) was reached at the end of the last withdrawal. Donors were randomly selected after stratification for sex and BV. In a control investigation, the same donors were kept in a reclined position for the duration of a plasmapheresis session without plasma withdrawal. ANP plasma concentration changes were correlated with changes of hemodynamic variables, which were recorded noninvasively with bioelectrical impedance cardiography.RESULTS: Median ANP concentration decreased from 13.0 to 8.4 pg per mL during donation and from 11.6 to 10.5 pg per mL during the control session. The mean control‐adjusted ANP change due to plasma withdrawal was −2.62 pg per mL (p = 0.006). This decrease was not attributable to a dilution effect. ANP change did not correlate with changes of recorded hemodynamic variables.CONCLUSION: The decrease of the ANP serum concentration during plasmapheresis demonstrates that the ECVmax constitutes a hypovolemic challenge of the donors, which elicits a neurohormonal regulatory mechanism aimed at maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis.
Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation Post‐Cavotricuspid Isthmus Ablation in Patients with Typical Atrial Flutter: Left‐Atrial Size as an Independent Predictor of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence
Authors: ELLIS KEITH , WAZNI OUSSAMA , MARROUCHE NASSIR , MARTIN DAVID , GILLINOV MARC , McCARTHY PATRICK , SAAD EDUARDO B. , BHARGAVA MANDEEP , SCHWEIKERT ROBERT , SALIBA WALID , BASH DIANNA , ROSSILLO ANTONIO , ERCIYES DEMET , TCHOU PATRICK , NATALE ANDREA 
Published: June 2007

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter often coexist. The long‐term occurrence of atrial fibrillation in patients presenting with atrial flutter alone is unknown. We report the long‐term follow‐up in patients who underwent cavotricuspid isthmus ablation for treatment of lone atrial flutter. Methods and Results: Between January 1997 and June 2002, 632 patients underwent cavotricuspid isthmus ablation for the treatment of typical atrial flutter at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Three hundred sixty‐three patients were included in this study and followed for a mean duration of 39 ± 11 months. The mean duration of atrial flutter symptoms was 12 ± 5 months. Mean left‐atrial size and left‐ventricular ejection fraction were 4.2 ± 0.8 cm and 47 ± 13%, respectively. After a mean follow‐up time of 39 ± 11 months, 13% (48 of 363) of the patients remained in sinus rhythm. Five percent (18 of 363) of patients experienced recurrence of atrial flutter only. Sixty‐eight percent (246 of 363) experienced the onset of atrial fibrillation and 14% (51 of 363) experienced recurrence of atrial flutter and the new onset of atrial fibrillation. Overall, 82% (297 of 363) of the patients experienced new onset of drug refractory atrial fibrillation. Left‐atrial size was a predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence post‐atrial flutter ablation. Conclusion: At long‐term follow‐up, approximately 82% of patients post‐cavotricuspid isthmus ablation for atrial flutter developed drug refractory atrial fibrillation. This finding suggests that elimination of atrial flutter might delay, but does not prevent, atrial fibrillation. Evidence suggests both arrhythmias may share common triggers and such patients may derive a better long‐term benefit from anatomical ablative treatment of atrial fibrillation as well.
Radiofrequency Ablation of Infarct Scar‐Related Ventricular Tachycardia: Correlation of Electroanatomical Data with Post‐Mortem Histology
Authors: KOA‐WING MICHAEL , YEN HO SIEW , KOJODJOJO PIPIN , PETERS NICHOLAS S. , DAVIES D. WYN , KANAGARATNAM PRAPA 
Published: June 2007

Introduction: Histological data after VT ablation in humans is rare. We present a case of a patient who had ablation for VT storm and who died remotely from non‐arrhythmic causes. Methods and Results: A 69‐year‐old male with ischemic cardiomyopathy and a dual‐chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) presented with VT storm and multiple ICD therapies. A voltage map of the left‐ventricular (LV) scar was created using CARTO™. VT was induced. An isochronal map identified the VT exit site at the scar border. No diastolic potentials were seen in this territory, so VT exit site ablation was performed, as well as at a putative entry site. VT cycle length and morphology changed during ablation, but termination only occurred with burst pacing. Post‐ablation, the patient had no further shocks. He died seven months later from acute pancreatitis. The two ablation sites were identified on the post‐mortem heart and used to correlate with the electroanatomical map. Scar area correlated well, measuring approximately 58.4 cm2 macroscopically and 63.3 cm2 on the electroanatomical map. Histology at VT exit site demonstrated areas of viable epicardial myocardium, suggesting that the circuit was at the epicardial scar border, which would explain the lack of diastolic potentials. Ablation scar did not reach the epicardium and therefore, ablation may have modified the exit site without complete interruption of the VT circuit. Conclusions: In this case, ablation was unable to terminate the VT due to failure to reach the epicardium, but was sufficient to modify the tachycardia, thereby reducing ICD therapy.
The Trait of Curiosity as a Predictor of Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Leonard Nancy H. , Harvey Michael 
Published: June 2007

This study examined the relationship between curiosity and emotional intelligence (EI) in a sample of graduate and undergraduate business administration students. Curiosity was assessed using the Melbourne Curiosity Inventory (Naylor, 1981) and the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory (Kashdan, Rose, & Fincham, 2004), and EI was measured using the Trait Meta‐Mood Scale (TMMS; Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, & Palfai, 1995). Results indicate a significant relationship between trait curiosity and EI. Relationships between the subscales of the 3 measures are also reported. Stepwise regression analysis indicates that trait curiosity and absorption curiosity were the best predictors of total EI; while absorption curiosity was the best predictor of attention to emotions, clarity of emotions, and repair of emotions.
Curiosity [has been] conceptualized as a positive emotional‐motivation system associated with the recognition, pursuit, and self‐regulation of novelty and challenge. (Kashdan, Rose, & Fincham, 2004, p. 291)