bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TT-HEALpix: A New Data Indexing Strategy for Efficient Cross-match of Large-scale Astronomical Catalogs
Authors: Zhao Qing , Zhang Chengkui , Li Hao , Zhao Tingting , Cui Chenzhou , Fan Dongwei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cross-matching is an indispensable operation in the data preparation, analysis, and research processes of multi-band astronomy and time-domain astronomy. Multi-catalog time-series data reconstruction is an important part of time-domain astronomy. In the large-scale distributed reconstruction process, boundary problems have always affected the accuracy of time-series data. To optimize these boundary problems and improve data precision, this paper proposes a new hybrid astronomical data indexing method called Translated Transformation based HEALPix Dual Index (TT-HEALPix). Under the reasonable Healpix division level, by translation transformation, the two indexes before and after the transformation form a unique pseudo-hybrid index strategy, which not only retains the advantages of the hybrid index scheme suitable for large-scale parallel computing, but also compensates for its shortage of high omission at the block boundary position. Based on TT-HEALPix, this paper completes the multi-catalog time-series reconstruction process on the Spark platform and compares it with the HEALPix+HTM hybrid indexing strategy. The experiments demonstrate that TT-HEALPix has significant advantages over the traditional HEALPix+HTM hybrid indexing method in terms of data accuracy and cross-matching efficiency. At level 9 of the Healpix index, TT-HEALPix achieves a 6%–19% improvement in cross-matching efficiency in a distributed environment compared to HEALPix+HTM. In terms of data accuracy, for the AST3-II dataset at level 9, TT-HEALPix has 62.2% accuracy improvement over HEALPix and 45.5% improvement over HEALPix+HTM. In conclusion, the proposed novel indexing strategy, TT-HEALPix, is better suited to the efficiency and accuracy requirements of cross-match.
Systematic study of cluster radioactivity within the generalized liquid drop model*
Authors: Deng 邓 Jun-Gang 军刚 , Cheng 程 Jun-Hao 俊皓 , Bao 包 Xiao-Jun 小军 , Zhang 张 Hong-Fei 鸿飞 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cluster radioactivity is studied within the generalized liquid drop model (GLDM), in which the shell correction energy, pairing energy, and cluster preformation factor are considered. The calculations show significant improvements and can reproduce the experimental data within a factor of 8.04 after considering these physical effects. In addition, the systematic trend of the cluster preformation factors

is discussed in terms of the

scheme to study the influence of the valence proton-neutron interaction and shell effect on cluster radioactivity. It is found that

is linearly related to

. This is in agreement with a recent study [L. Qi et al., Phys. Rev. C 108, 014325 (2023)], in which

, obtained using different theoretical models and treatment methods than those used in this study, also had a linear relationship with

. Combined with the work by Qi et al., this study suggests that the linear relationship between

and

is model-independent and both the shell effect and valence proton-neutron interaction play essential roles in cluster radioactivity. An analytical formula is proposed to calculate the cluster preformation factor based on the

scheme. In addition, the cluster preformation factors and the cluster radioactivity half-lives of some heavy nuclei are predicted, which can provide a reference for future experiments.
The Metallicity Dimension of the Super Earth-cold Jupiter Correlation
Authors: Zhu 祝 Wei 伟 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The correlation between close-in super Earths and distant cold Jupiters in planetary systems has important implications for their formation and evolution. Contrary to some earlier findings, a recent study conducted by Bonomo et al. suggests that the occurrence of cold Jupiter companions is not excessive in super-Earth systems. Here we show that this discrepancy can be seen as a Simpson’s paradox and is resolved once the metallicity dependence of the super-Earth–cold Jupiter relation is taken into account. A common feature is noticed that almost all the cold Jupiter detections with inner super-Earth companions are found around metal-rich stars. Focusing on the Sun-like hosts with super-solar metallicities, we show that the frequency of cold Jupiters conditioned on the presence of inner super Earths is

39

−
11

+
12

%

, whereas the frequency of cold Jupiters in the same metallicity range is no more than 20%. Therefore, the occurrences of close-in super Earths and distant cold Jupiters appear correlated around metal-rich hosts. The relation between the two types of planets remains unclear for stars with metal-poor hosts due to the limited sample size and the much lower occurrence rate of cold Jupiters, but a correlation between the two cannot be ruled out.
Plasma profile reconstruction supported by kinetic modeling
Authors: Bergmann M. , Fischer R. , Angioni C. , Höfler K. , Molina Cabrera P. , Görler T. , Luda T. , Bilato R. , Tardini G. , Jenko F. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade team
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Combining the analysis of multiple diagnostics and well-chosen prior information in the framework of Bayesian probability theory, the Integrated Data Analysis code (IDA Fischer et al 2010 Fusion Sci. Technol.
58 675–84) can provide density and temperature radial profiles of fusion plasmas. These IDA-fitted measurements are then used for further analysis, such as discharge simulations and other experimental data analysis. Since IDA considers measurement data, which is frequently fragmentary, with statistical and systematic uncertainties, which are often difficult to quantify, from a heterogeneous set of diagnostics, the fitted profiles and their gradients may be in contradiction to well-established expectations from transport theory. Using the modeling suite ASTRA coupled with the quasi-linear transport solver TGLF, we have created a loop in which simulated profiles and their uncertainties are fed back into IDA as an additional prior, thus providing constraints about the physically reasonable parameter space. We apply this physics-motivated prior to several different plasma scenarios and find improved heat flux match, while still matching the experimental data. This work feeds into a broader effort to make IDA more robust against measurement uncertainties or lack of measurements by combining multiple transport solvers with different levels of complexity and computing costs in a multi-fidelity approach.
Plasma surrogate modelling using Fourier neural operators
Authors: Gopakumar Vignesh , Pamela Stanislas , Zanisi Lorenzo , Li Zongyi , Gray Ander , Brennand Daniel , Bhatia Nitesh , Stathopoulos Gregory , Kusner Matt , Peter Deisenroth Marc , Anandkumar Anima ,   the JOREK Team,   MAST Team
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Predicting plasma evolution within a Tokamak reactor is crucial to realizing the goal of sustainable fusion. Capabilities in forecasting the spatio-temporal evolution of plasma rapidly and accurately allow us to quickly iterate over design and control strategies on current Tokamak devices and future reactors. Modelling plasma evolution using numerical solvers is often expensive, consuming many hours on supercomputers, and hence, we need alternative inexpensive surrogate models. We demonstrate accurate predictions of plasma evolution both in simulation and experimental domains using deep learning-based surrogate modelling tools, viz., Fourier neural operators (FNO). We show that FNO has a speedup of six orders of magnitude over traditional solvers in predicting the plasma dynamics simulated from magnetohydrodynamic models, while maintaining a high accuracy (Mean Squared Error in the normalised domain

≈

10

−
5

). Our modified version of the FNO is capable of solving multi-variable Partial Differential Equations, and can capture the dependence among the different variables in a single model. FNOs can also predict plasma evolution on real-world experimental data observed by the cameras positioned within the MAST Tokamak, i.e. cameras looking across the central solenoid and the divertor in the Tokamak. We show that FNOs are able to accurately forecast the evolution of plasma and have the potential to be deployed for real-time monitoring. We also illustrate their capability in forecasting the plasma shape, the locations of interactions of the plasma with the central solenoid and the divertor for the full (available) duration of the plasma shot within MAST. The FNO offers a viable alternative for surrogate modelling as it is quick to train and infer, and requires fewer data points, while being able to do zero-shot super-resolution and getting high-fidelity solutions.
Biomimetic lizard robot for adapting to Martian surface terrain
Authors: Chen Guangming , Qiao Long , Zhou Zhenwen , Lei Xiang , Zou Meng , Richter Lutz , Ji Aihong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The exploration of the planet Mars still is a top priority in planetary science. The Mars surface is extensively covered with soil-like material. Current wheeled rovers on Mars have been occasionally experiencing immobilization instances in unexpectedly weak terrains. The development of Mars rovers adaptable to these terrains is instrumental in improving exploration efficiency. Inspired by locomotion of the desert lizard, this paper illustrates a biomimetic quadruped robot with structures of flexible active spine and toes. By accounting for spine lateral flexion and its coordination with four leg movements, three gaits of tripod, trot and turning are designed. The motions corresponding to the three gaits are conceptually and numerically analyzed. On the granular terrains analog to Martian surface, the gasping forces by the active toes are estimated. Then traversing tests for the robot to move on Martian soil surface analog with the three gaits were investigated. Moreover, the traversing characteristics for Martian rocky and slope surface analog are analyzed. Results show that the robot can traverse Martian soil surface analog with maximum forward speed 28.13 m s−1 turning speed 1.94° s−1 and obstacle height 74.85 mm. The maximum angle for climbing Martian soil slope analog is 28°, corresponding slippery rate 76.8%. It is predicted that this robot can adapt to Martian granular rough terrain with gentle slopes.
How can research on modern and fossil bones help us build more resistant columns?
Authors: Houssaye A , Etienne C , Gallic Y , Rocchia F , Chaves-Jacob J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bone is an economical material. Indeed, as moving a heavy skeleton is energetically costly, the vertebrate skeleton is adapted to maximise resistance to the stresses imposed with a minimum amount of material, so that bone tissue is deposited where it is needed. Using bone as a source of inspiration should therefore reduce the manufacturing cost (both financial and ecological) and increase the strength (and lifespan) of bioinspired (BI) structures. This study proposes to investigate which adaptive features of the outer shape and inner structure of bone, related to compressive strength, could be used to build BI support structures. To do so, we explain the choice of the bones to be analysed and present the results of the biomechanical analyses (finite element analysis) carried out on virtual models built from the structures of the different bone models and of the mechanical tests carried out on 3D-printed versions of these models. The compressive strength of these direct bone BI columns was compared with each other, and with those of a conventional filled cylindrical column, and of a cylindrical column whose internal structure is BI from the radius of the white rhinoceros. The results of our comparative analyses highlight that the shape of long bones is less effective than a cylinder in resisting compression but underline the relevance in designing BI cylindrical columns with heterogeneous structures inspired by the radius of the white rhinoceros and the tibia of the Asian elephant, and raise the interest in studying the fossil record using the radius of the giant rhinocerotoid Paraceratherium.
Navigation by magnetic signatures in a realistic model of Earth’s magnetic field
Authors: Gill Jeffrey P , Taylor Brian K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Certain animal species use the Earth’s magnetic field (i.e. magnetoreception) alongside their other sensory modalities to navigate long distances that include continents and oceans. It is hypothesized that several animals use geomagnetic parameters, such as field intensity and inclination, to recognize specific locations or regions, potentially enabling migration without a pre-surveyed map. However, it is unknown how animals use geomagnetic information to generate guidance commands, or where in the world this type of strategy would maximize an animal’s fitness. While animal experiments have been invaluable in advancing this area, the phenomenon is difficult to study in vivo or in situ, especially on the global scale where the spatial layout of the geomagnetic field is not constant. Alongside empirical animal experiments, mathematical modeling and simulation are complementary tools that can be used to investigate animal navigation on a global scale, providing insights that can be informative across a number of species. In this study, we present a model in which a simulated animal (i.e. agent) navigates via an algorithm which determines travel heading based on local and goal magnetic signatures (here, combinations of geomagnetic intensity and inclination) in a realistic model of Earth’s magnetic field. By varying parameters of the navigation algorithm, different regions of the world can be made more or less reliable to navigate. We present a mathematical analysis of the system. Our results show that certain regions can be navigated effectively using this strategy when these parameters are properly tuned, while other regions may require more complex navigational strategies. In a real animal, parameters such as these could be tuned by evolution for successful navigation in the animal’s natural range. These results could also help with developing engineered navigation systems that are less reliant on satellite-based methods.
Adiabatic theorem for classical stochastic processes
Authors: Takahashi Kazutaka 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We apply adiabatic theorems developed for quantum mechanics to stochastic annealing processes described by the classical master equation with a time-dependent generator. When the instantaneous stationary state is unique and the minimum decay rate g is nonzero, the time-evolved state is basically relaxed to the instantaneous stationary state. By formulating an asymptotic expansion rigorously, we derive conditions for the annealing time τ that the state is close to the instantaneous stationary state. Depending on the time dependence of the generator, typical conditions are written as

τ
>

const
.

×

g

−
α

with

1
⩽
α
⩽
2

. We also find that a rigorous treatment gives the scaling

τ
>

const
.

×

g

−
2

|

ln
⁡
g
|

.
Polarization detection employing the spectra of composite vortex beams with multi-mode: associating the polarization handedness and topological charge sign
Authors: Ma Aning , Huang Haofeng , Tian Xinyi , Li Guojian , Ma Kai , Guo Hao , Geng Di , Wang Yurong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Polarization detection has been widely used in various fields, especially in free-space optical communication associating with orbital angular momentum (OAM). However, the bulky optical devices and the complexity of the detection process have hindered the integration and miniaturization of communication systems. Herein, a novel polarization detection method is proposed to directly identify the polarization state of incident light based on the normalized spectra of the sorted OAM modes which are converted from a composite vortex beam (CVB) to a set of spatial distinct strip type beams (STBs). The polarization states of light beam can be apparently distinguished via the combination of different STBs without redundant detection elements and the system demonstrates great robustness under specific atmospheric turbulence as well. The introduction of such a polarization detection method in future communication links will obtain lower complexity and consumption, which is very favorable regarding OAM communications.
Feasibility of contrail avoidance in a commercial flight planning system: an operational analysis
Authors: Martin Frias A , Shapiro M L , Engberg Z , Zopp R , Soler M , Stettler M E J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aircraft condensation trails, also known as contrails, contribute a substantial portion of aviation’s overall climate footprint. Contrail impacts can be reduced through smart flight planning that avoids contrail-forming regions of the atmosphere. While previous studies have explored the operational impacts of contrail avoidance in simulated environments, this paper aims to characterize the feasibility and cost of contrail avoidance precisely within a commercial flight planning system. This study leverages the commercial Flightkeys 5D algorithm, developed by Flightkeys GmbH, with a prototypical contrail forecast model based on the Contrail Cirrus Prediction (CoCiP) model to simulate contrail avoidance on 49 411 flights during the first two weeks of June 2023, and 35 429 flights during the first two weeks of January 2024. The utilization of a commercial flight planning system enables high-accuracy estimates of additional cost and fuel investments by operators to achieve estimated reductions in contrail-energy forcing and overall flight global warming potential. The results show that navigational contrail avoidance will require minimal additional cost (0.08%) and fuel (0.11%) investments to achieve notable reductions in contrail climate forcing (−73.0%). This simulation provides evidence that contrail mitigation entails very low operational risks, even regarding fuel. This study aims to serve as an incentive for operators and air traffic controllers to initiate contrail mitigation testing as soon as possible and begin reducing aviation’s non-

CO
2

emissions.
Crossing Over
Authors: Robison Claire C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the process of revising religion for Indian devotees and its impacts on notions of family. It focuses on members’ narratives of joining ISKCON, which reorients their relationships to the regional and family-based forms of the Hindu and Jain traditions in which most devotees were raised. Building on Tweed’s theory of religion, I depict their processes of joining ISKCON as acts of “crossing over” to a new identity, sometimes heightened by recent geographic migrations to Mumbai. Chowpatty’s ISKCON community provides a systematic, institutionalized framework for members to be fitted into new religious lifeways. Adopting a brahmanically inflected Krishna bhakti that shifts social and familial bonds with newly forged religious networks—including their Counselling System, the brahmacari ashram, and the Marriage Board—they offer models of religious kinship in their place.
Inverse kinetic isotope effect in singlet-to-triplet intersystem crossing contributes to greater robustness of deuterated organocatalyst
Authors: Murayama Sei , Ishimoto Takayoshi , Naka Hiroshi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Precisely defined deuterium labeling of simplified Maruoka Catalyst® markedly increases its robustness under basic conditions, but the reason for this has remained unclear. Based on multicomponent density functional theory (MC_DFT) calculations, we find that an inverse kinetic isotope effect in singlet-to-triplet intersystem crossing contributes to the greater robustness of the deuterated catalyst.
Cortical thickness reveals sex differences in verbal and visuospatial memory
Authors: Sang Feng , Zhao Shaokun , Li Zilin , Yang Yiru , Chen Yaojing , Zhang Zhanjun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Although previous studies have reported the sex differences in behavior/cognition and the brain, the sex difference in the relationship between memory abilities and the underlying neural basis in the aging process remains unclear. In this study, we used a machine learning model to estimate the association between cortical thickness and verbal/visuospatial memory in females and males and then explored the sex difference of these associations based on a community-elderly cohort (n = 1153, age ranged from 50.42 to 86.67 years). We validated that females outperformed males in verbal memory, while males outperformed females in visuospatial memory. The key regions related to verbal memory in females include the medial temporal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and some regions around the insula. Further, those regions are more located in limbic, dorsal attention, and default-model networks, and are associated with face recognition and perception. The key regions related to visuospatial memory include the lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, and some occipital regions. They overlapped more with dorsal attention, frontoparietal and visual networks, and were associated with object recognition. These findings imply the memory performance advantage of females and males might be related to the different memory processing tendencies and their associated network.
Reversible modulation of the local environment around metal centers bearing multifunctional carbenes
Authors: Yamauchi Yasuhiro , Ogoshi Sensuke , Uetake Yuta , Hoshimoto Yoichi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This Highlight Review provides examples of external-stimuli-driven reversible modulations of the spatial, electronic, and magnetic environment around metal centers that bear multifunctional N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). In particular, recent reports on Lewis-base- or Lewis-acid-mediated reversible molecular transformations of Ni(0) complexes that bear N-phosphine-oxide-substituted imidazolylidenes (PoxIms) and the corresponding imidazolinylidenes (SPoxIms) are spotlighted. We also discuss the utility of using X-ray absorption spectroscopy to examine the synthesized (S)PoxIm–Ni complexes to gain spectroscopic insight into the changes in the local environment and electronic state of the metal centers induced by these reversible transformations. Overall, this review highlights the multipurpose utility of multifunctional NHCs as a key to designing and reversibly modulating the local environment of metal centers, which paves the way for accomplishing hitherto challenging molecular transformations and developing unprecedented reactivity of multimetallic compounds.
Feminist Matters: The Politics of Eating in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus
Authors: Githire Njeri 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Using food as a narrative device in her critically acclaimed debut novel Purple Hibiscus (2003), Adichie offers a markedly feminist critique of the legacies of neocolonialism on Africa’s ability to choose its own destiny. Indeed, Adichie’s exploration of food as the locus of hospitality and hostility and the dining table as a fraught and shifting site of power and its contestation yields a commentary on the domestic arena as a metaphor for the national sociopolitical and economic situation. More specifically, Adichie links notions of food control and tyrannical power to prevailing patriarchal systems that expose women and children to violent injustices and to material and spiritual want. She depicts colonial and fundamentalist religious institutions as inimical to women’s participation in political and economic processes.