bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four new species in Aspidistra Ker‐Gawl. (Ruscaceae) from China, Vietnam and Japan
Authors: Tillich H.‐J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractFour species of Aspidistra new to science are described, i.e. two species from China, Prov. Sichuan (A. nanchuanensis H.‐J.Tillich sp. nova and A. lobata H.‐J.Tillich sp. nova), one species from northern Vietnam (A. tubiflora H.‐J.Tillich sp. nova), and one species from southern Japan, Ohsumi Islands (A. insularis H.‐J.Tillich sp. nova). Including the four new species, the genus recently encompasses 80 species. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pollen morphology of African Celtis (Celtidaceae)
Authors: Sattarian A. , van den Berg R. G. , van der Maesen L. J. G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPollen morphology of all African Celtis species was examined and compared with that of some Asian species, using light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains are triporate and more or less spheroidal. Two pollen types could be distinguished based on a feature of the apertures and the density of the surface ornamentation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
EnumeratioAlbucarum(Hyacinthaceae) Austro‐Africanarum adhuc cognitarum
Authors: Müller‐Doblies Ute 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn continuation of a series of papers on the Southern African species ofAlbucathe following taxonomic additions to the subgeneraFalconeraandAlbucaare presented: (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Epidermal growth factor receptor expression regulates proliferation in the postnatal rat retina
Authors: Close Jennie L. , Liu Janice , Gumuscu Burak , Reh Thomas A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractEpidermal growth factor (EGF) is known to promote proliferation of both retinal progenitors and Muller glia in vitro, but several questions remain concerning an in vivo role for this factor. In this study, we investigated whether the EGF receptor (EGFR) is necessary for the maintenance of normal levels of progenitor and Muller glial proliferation in vivo. Here, we show that (1) mice with homozygous deletion of the Egfr gene have reduced proliferation in late stages of retinal histogenesis, (2) EGF is mitogenic for Müller glia in vivo during the first two postnatal weeks in the rodent retina, (3) the effectiveness of EGF as a Müller glial mitogen declines in parallel with the decline in EGFR expression as the retina matures, and (4) following damage to the retina from continuous light exposure, EGFR expression is up‐regulated in Müller glia to levels close to those in the neonatal retina, resulting in a renewed mitotic response to EGF. Together with previous results from other studies, these data indicate that the downregulation of a growth factor receptor is one mechanism by which glial cells maintain mitotic quiescence in the mature nervous system. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the nose epidermal cells in the microbial feeding nematode, Acrobeles complexus (Nematoda: Rhabditida)
Authors: Bumbarger Daniel J. , Crum John , Ellisman Mark H. , Baldwin James G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe epidermis of the anterior end (nose) plays an important role in the evolution, development, and functional feeding morphology in nematodes, but information on this complex organ system is limited. Here, we produce a 3D model of 13 of the cells making up this organ system reconstructed from serial transmission electron micrographs of the microbial feeding nematode, Acrobeles complexus. Nose epidermal cells were found to be broadly similar to those of the distantly related model organism Caenorhabditis elegans in the number and arrangement of nuclei in these largely syncytial cells; this similarity demonstrates striking evolutionary conservation that allows for robust statements of homology between the taxa. Examining details of cell shape, however, revealed surprisingly complex subcellular specialization, which differed markedly from C. elegans in the number and arrangement of cell processes. Anterior toroid processes of the anterior arcade, posterior arcade, and HypB syncytia form a nested complex at the base of the labial probolae. Anterior toroid processes of HypC and the inner labial socket cells are associated with the base of the cephalic probolae and radial ridge processes. Extracellular filaments (tendon organs) and radiating cytoskeletal filaments of the posterior arcade syncytium form a connection between the body wall muscle cells and the pharynx. An epidermal cell with no known homolog in other nematodes is identified. Findings provide a basis to propose hypotheses related to the development and evolutionary origin of specialized feeding appendages (probolae) in the Cephalobinae (including Acrobeles), and hypotheses of homology are revised for epidermal cells in the nose of the closely related and primarily plant parasitic group, Tylenchida. J. Morphol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic systemic D‐galactose exposure induces memory loss, neurodegeneration, and oxidative damage in mice: Protective effects of R‐α‐lipoic acid
Authors: Cui Xu , Zuo Pingping , Zhang Qing , Li Xuekun , Hu Yazhuo , Long Jiangang , Packer Lester , Liu Jiankang 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChronic systemic exposure of mice, rats, and Drosophila to D‐galactose causes the acceleration of senescence and has been used as an aging model. The underlying mechanism is yet unclear. To investigate the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in this model, we studied cognitive function, hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and neurogenesis, and peripheral oxidative stress biomarkers, and also the protective effects of the antioxidant R‐alpha‐lipoic acid. Chronic systemic exposure of D‐galactose (100 mg/kg, s.c., 7 weeks) to mice induced a spatial memory deficit, an increase in cell karyopyknosis, apoptosis and caspase‐3 protein levels in hippocampal neurons, a decrease in the number of new neurons in the subgranular zone in the dentate gyrus, a reduction of migration of neural progenitor cells, and an increase in death of newly formed neurons in granular cell layer. The D‐galactose exposure also induced an increase in peripheral oxidative stress, including an increase in malondialdehyde, a decrease in total anti‐oxidative capabilities (T‐AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities. A concomitant treatment with lipoic acid ameliorated cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, and also reduced peripheral oxidative damage by decreasing malondialdehyde and increasing T‐AOC and T‐SOD, without an effect on GSH‐Px. These findings suggest that chronic D‐galactose exposure induces neurodegeneration by enhancing caspase‐mediated apoptosis and inhibiting neurogenesis and neuron migration, as well as increasing oxidative damage. In addition, D‐galactose‐induced toxicity in mice is a useful model for studying the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and neuroprotective drugs and agents. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antioxidant effect of rosemary, borage, green tea, pu‐erh tea and ascorbic acid on fresh pork sausages packaged in a modified atmosphere: influence of the presence of sodium chloride
Authors: Martínez Luis , Cilla Irene , Beltrán José A , Roncalés Pedro 
Published: May 2006

AbstractFresh pork sausages formulated with and without salt, and with antioxidant mixtures containing either rosemary extract, green tea powder, pu‐erh tea infusion or borage meal and their mixtures with ascorbic acid, were packaged in an atmosphere containing four parts O2 with one part CO2 (v/v) and stored in the dark for 20 days. In a series of three experiments, the following parameters were measured at 4‐day intervals: instrumental colour (CIE L* and a*), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), aerobic psychrotroph counts and sensory off‐odour and discolouration. NaCl caused a decrease of the L* value and promoted lipid oxidation, but it protected sausages from discolouration. Green tea powder, pu‐erh tea infusion and borage meal caused a strong inhibition of lipid oxidation, dependent on the concentration used, but they failed to protect sausages from colour loss, even in the presence of ascorbic acid. Rosemary extract plus ascorbic acid strongly inhibited lipid oxidation and therefore off‐odour formation, delayed sausage discolouration and inhibited microbial growth, extending the shelf‐life of salted fresh pork sausages by at least 4 days. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Viscoelastic properties of caseinmacropeptide isolated from cow, ewe and goat cheese whey
Authors: Martín‐Diana AB , Gomez‐Guillén MC , Montero P , Fontecha J 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCaseinmacropeptide (CMP) is a C‐terminal glycopeptide released from κ‐casein by the action of chymosin during cheese‐making. It is recognised as a bioactive peptide and is thought to be an ingredient with a potential use in functional foods. CMP occurs in sweet cheese whey and whey protein concentrate (WPC). Its composition is variable and depends on the particular whey source and the fractionation technology employed in the isolation. There were no significant (P < 0.05) differences in the relative apparent viscosities between species of CMPs (cow, ewe and goat). Analyses at different pH (2, 4, 7, 10), ionic strength (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.7 as NaCl molarity) and protein concentration (50, 100 and 200 g kg−1) at temperatures from 10 to 90 °C carried out found pH 7 and high protein concentration (200 g kg−1) conditions to be the best for CMP solutions to keep low and constant relative viscosity values with increasing temperature up to 75 °C. The viscoelastic properties–storage modulus, loss modulus and phase angle–of the different CMPs and WPC solutions were determined. Heat‐induced rheological changes in CMP solutions occurred at moderate temperatures (40–50 °C) with no appreciable differences in viscosity. Gelation took place significantly (P < 0.05) earlier in goat CMP (41 °C), followed by cow CMP (44 °C), ewe CMP (47 °C) and WPC (56 °C). Heating at 90 °C showed that WPC required significantly (P < 0.05) longer times to form gels (>5 min) than the CMPs (<5 min). WPC gels had higher (>20°) phase angle than CMP (<20°), which could be associated with untidy structures, limiting elastic properties of the gel. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in cell wall pectin and pectinase activity in apple and tomato fruits during Penicillium expansum infection
Authors: Miedes Eva , Lorences Ester P 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCell wall pectin degradation in apple and tomato fruit during infection by Penicillium expansum was investigated. In infected apple fruit, a significant decrease in the average molecular mass was observed in pectins extracted with CDTA and also in pectins extracted with Na2CO3. In tomato fruits, depolymerisation was also observed in both pectic fractions during infection, the major change being in the pectins extracted with Na2CO3. This pectin depolymerisation associated with P. expansum infection can be attributed to the action of pectinases; in apple fruit, a significant increase in polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase was observed in infected fruits, although in tomato fruit the only increase in enzymatic activity significantly related to the infection was in polygalacturonase. These differences between apple and tomato fruit during fungus infection could be related to differences in cell wall structure and composition and also to the specificity of P. expansum's infection spectrum in each case. In both cases, pectin depolymerisation might increase the porosity of the wall and allow increased access of fungus colonisation and facilitate the progress of the fungal infection. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Xylitol bioproduction from wheat straw: hemicellulose hydrolysis and hydrolyzate fermentation
Authors: Canilha Larissa , Carvalho Walter , Batista João , Silva Almeida e 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA 22 central composite design with five center points was performed to estimate the effects of temperature (120, 130 and 140 °C) and acid loading (100, 150 and 200 mg g−1) on the yield of monomeric xylose recovery from wheat straw hemicellulose (YS/RM). Under the best hydrolysis condition (140 °C and 200 mg g−1), a YS/RM of 0.26 g g−1 was achieved. After vacuum concentration and detoxification by pH alteration and active charcoal adsorption, the hydrolyzate was used as source of xylose for xylitol bioproduction in a stirred tank reactor. A xylitol production of 30.8 g L−1 was achieved after 54 h−1 of fermentation, resulting in a productivity (QP) of 0.57 g L−1 h−1 and bioconversion yield (YP/S) of 0.88 g g−1. The maximum specific rates of xylose consumption and xylitol production were 0.19 and 0.15 g g−1 h−1, respectively. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of food processing of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) IKMP‐5 on the level of phenolics, phytate, iron and zinc
Authors: Eyzaguirre Romina Zanabria , Nienaltowska Katarzyna , de Jong Linda EQ , Hasenack Birgit BE , Nout MJ Robert 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPearl millet is consumed as a staple food in semi‐arid tropical regions. With a view to upgrading the micronutrient status of pearl millet‐based foods, the effects of single operations and of porridge preparation scenarios on levels and in vitro solubility (IVS) of iron and zinc and mineral complexing factors (phytates: inositol phosphates and phenolic compounds) were tested. Disc milling of grain may add significant iron but this is not necessarily IVS iron. Soaking of grains results in a 25% loss of iron, but also facilitates endogenous phytate degradation, particularly when combined with milling and cooking. Germination and lactic acid fermentation both result in partial phytate degradation. Cooking does not decompose phytates, but results in complex formation of phenolic compounds as measured by a significant reduction in reactive hydroxyl groups. Because of its different distribution in the grain, zinc is generally less affected than iron. Phytate reduction by endogenous phytases is inhibited at low pH as caused by fermentation. Kanwa (alkaline rock salt) could be a functional cooking ingredient as a source of minerals and to react with phenolic substances. The relative IVS of iron was doubled by germination of grain and increased 3‐fold by fermentation of wholemeal slurry. Zinc IVS tended to increase on cooking with kanwa, but decreased in cooked fermented flour. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Visible transmission spectroscopy for the assessment of egg freshness
Authors: Kemps Bart J , Bamelis Flip R , De Ketelaere Bart , Mertens Kristof , Tona Kokou , Decuypere Eddy M , De Baerdemaeker Josse G 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe objective of this research was to investigate the feasibility of visible transmission spectroscopy for the non‐destructive assessment of the freshness of an individual egg. A total of 600 intact white‐shelled eggs of the same flock (Lohmann, 40 weeks of age) were measured. To obtain a considerable variation in freshness, groups consisting of 60 eggs were stored (18 °C, 55% RH) for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 days. The non‐destructive spectral measurements were compared with the two most widely used destructive freshness parameters, namely Haugh units and albumen pH. A partial least squares (PLS1) model was built in order to predict Haugh units and pH of the albumen based on the transmission spectra. The correlation coefficients between the predicted value and the measured value were 0.842 and 0.867 for Haugh unit and pH of the albumen, respectively. These results show that the light transmission spectrum of an egg provides quantitative information about egg freshness. Relevant information concerning egg freshness is restricted to the interval between 570 and 750 nm. Furthermore, the models obtained for both destructive parameters were strikingly similar, indicating that Haugh unit and pH have the same physico‐chemical background. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
A handbook‐based methodology for redesigning business processes
Authors: Klein Mark , Petti Claudio 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a structured methodology, based on the use of a Handbook of process models, for redesigning business processes. The methodology is illustrated using examples from the agri‐food supply chain domain. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of this approach, and identify avenues for further work. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metrics collection for process knowledge—a practitioners' guide
Authors: Dawson Ray , Nolan Andrew J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper describes a number of experiences of gathering metrics to supply the knowledge needed for decision making and process management in an industrial environment. The experiences are summarised as guidelines in the form of a list of ‘Do’s and ‘Do not’s for collecting and using metrics for this purpose. While the paper is clearly anecdotal in nature, these guidelines should, nevertheless, allow other managers to draw on the experience of the authors to put a successful metrics programme in place to provide knowledge for decision making and process improvement.The paper concludes, however, that there are limitations that exist for metrics programmes implemented, even if the guidelines are followed. The metrics cannot always offer evidence that any particular action or technique has given a better project management methodology. However, when used with other investigations they can give a better knowledge and understanding of processes that should enable more effective management. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Locating knowledge sources through keyphrase extraction
Authors: Tedmori Sara , Jackson Thomas W. , Bouchlaghem Dino 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThere are a large number of tasks for which keyphrases can be useful. Manually identifying keyphrases can be a tedious and time consuming process that requires expertise, but if automated could save time and aid in creating metadata that could be used to locate knowledge sources. In this paper, the authors present an automated process for keyphrase extraction from e‐mail messages. The process enables users to find other people who might hold the knowledge they require from information communicated via the e‐mail system. The effectiveness of the extraction system is tested and compared against other extraction systems and the overall value of extracting information from e‐mail explored. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Objectivity and subjectivity in knowledge management: a review of 20 top articles
Authors: Nonaka Ikujiro , Peltokorpi Vesa 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn recent years knowledge management (KM) has received increased attention from academics and practitioners. There are several challenges to establishing KM as a separate discipline one of the most central being conceptual plurality. The purpose of this paper is to review and position 20 of the most frequently cited KM articles in management journals. More specifically, this paper classifies the KM publications on the subjectivity–objectivity continuum, discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the publications drawing from positivism and interpretative philosophies, and further discusses the challenges in KM, and how objectivity and subjectivity can be used to provide both product and process orientations in future research. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of CdS Nanoparticles Dispersed Within Poly(urethane acrylate‐co‐styrene) Films Using an Amphiphilic Urethane Acrylate Nonionomer
Authors: Kim Ju‐Young , Kim Hyun‐Mi , Shin Dong‐Hyun , Ihn Kyo‐Jin 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSummary: CdS nanoparticles dispersed within poly(urethane acrylate‐co‐styrene) (PUCS) films were prepared using amphiphilic urethane acrylate nonionomer (UAN) precursor chains, which had a poly(propylene oxide)‐based hydrophobic segment and a hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) segment. CdS nanoparticles were first prepared and dispersed in UAN/styrene mixtures, and then these nano‐colloid solutions could be directly converted to CdS/PUCS nanocomposite films via radical bulk polymerization process. Formation of CdS nanoparticles was confirmed by UV absorption spectra, PL emission spectra and TEM images. The size of the CdS nanoparticles was varied from 10.2 to 14.5 nm, in correlation with the increase of amount of cadmium salt in the preparation composition, which was also confirmed by a red shift in the UV and PL emission spectra. In the course of the formation of the CdS nanoparticles within the UAN/styrene mixtures, the PEO segments of UAN are microphase‐separated from the hydrophobic segments of UAN and styrene to make a complex with the cadmium cations and stabilize the CdS nanoparticles. This was also confirmed by TEM images and DMA measurements.TEM micrograph of the polyurethane acrylate films containing CdS nanoparticles, prepared using a weight fraction of cadmium acetate of 0.125 wt.‐%.magnified imageTEM micrograph of the polyurethane acrylate films containing CdS nanoparticles, prepared using a weight fraction of cadmium acetate of 0.125 wt.‐%.
Electrostatic‐Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and Polymer Particles in Water: a Facile Approach to Improve the Dispersion of CNTs in Thermoplastics
Authors: Peng Mao , Li Dasong , Chen Ying , Zheng Qiang 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSummary: A facile and organic‐solvent‐free method for preparing thermoprocessable multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐filled thermoplastics is presented. MWCNTs are oxidized, neutralized, and then assembled with cationic soap‐free poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles directly in water. The spontaneous electrostatic coupling between the negatively charged MWCNTs and positively charged PMMA particles, and the viscoelastic and thermomechanical behavior of the nanocomposites, are investigated. The electrostatic coupling interactions improve the dispersion of nanotubes and facilitate the formation of filler networks in the polymer matrix.Preparation of nanocomposites of oxidized MWCNTs and positively charged PMMA particles through electrostatic assembly.imagePreparation of nanocomposites of oxidized MWCNTs and positively charged PMMA particles through electrostatic assembly.
Grafting of Poly(tBA) and PtBA‐b‐PMMA onto the Surface of SWNTs Using Carbanions as the Initiator
Authors: Chen Shimou , Chen Daoyong , Wu Guozhong 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSummary: Soluble carbon nanotubes were prepared by treating SWNTs with sec‐butyllithium and subsequently using the generated carbanions as the initiator to graft PtBA and PtBA‐b‐PMMA onto the surface of SWNTs. The anionic polymerization initiated by SWNTs‐bearing carbanions not only provides a powerful strategy for functionalizing SWNTs but also gives us knowledge of the sidewall chemistry of SWNTs. The results indicate that a carbanion born on SWNTs behaves like an anionic initiator with high steric hindrance.Anionic polymerization of (meth)acrylate monomer.imageAnionic polymerization of (meth)acrylate monomer.