bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in mortality ratios among cattle in US feedlots
Authors: Loneragan Guy H. , Dargatz David A. , Morley Paul S. , Smith Marty A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate trends in feedlot cattle mortality ratios over time, by primary body system affected, and by type of animal.Design—Retrospective cohort study.Animals—Approximately 21.8 million cattle entering 121 feedlots in the United States during 1994 through 1999.Procedures—Yearly and monthly mortality ratios were calculated. Numbers of deaths were modeled by use of Poisson regression methods for repeated measures. Relative risks of death over time and by animal type were estimated.Results—Averaged over time, the mortality ratio was 12.6 deaths/1,000 cattle entering the feedlots. The mortality ratio increased from 10.3 deaths/1,000 cattle in 1994 to 14.2 deaths/1,000 cattle in 1999, but this difference was not statistically significant (P= 0.09). Cattle entering the feedlots during 1999 had a significantly increased risk (relative risk, 1.46) of dying of respiratory tract disorders, compared with cattle that entered during 1994, and respiratory tract disorders accounted for 57.1% of all deaths. Dairy cattle had a significantly increased risk of death of any cause, compared with beef steers. Beef heifers had a significantly increased risk of dying of respiratory tract disorders, compared with beef steers.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that although overall yearly mortality ratio did not significantly increase during the study, the risk of death attributable to respiratory tract disorders was increased during most years, compared with risk of death during 1994. The increased rates of fatal respiratory tract disorders may also reflect increased rates of non-fatal respiratory tract disorders, which would be expected to have adverse production effects in surviving animals. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1122–1127)
Effects of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor on urine spraying behavior in cats
Authors: Pryor Patricia A. , Hart Benjamin L. , Cliff Kelly D. , Bain Melissa J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the effectiveness of a readily available selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine hydrochloride, on reducing problem urine spraying in cats.Design—Randomized placebo-controlled doubleblind clinical trial.Animals—17 neutered cats > 1 year old with objectionable urine spraying behavior.Procedure—Owners recorded urine-spraying events for 2 weeks (baseline). Cats that vertically marked a mean of ≥ 3 times per week were treated for 8 weeks with fluoxetine or fish-flavored liquid placebo. If urine spraying was not reduced by 70% by weeks 4 through 5, the dosage was increased by 50% for weeks 7 and 8. After discontinuation of treatment at the end of 8 weeks, owners recorded daily urine marks for another 4 weeks.Results—The mean (± SE) weekly rate of spraying episodes in treated cats was 8.6 (± 2.0) at baseline, decreased significantly by week 2 (1.7 ± 0.6), and continued to decrease by weeks 7 and 8 (0.4 ± 0.2). The mean weekly spraying rate of cats receiving placebo was 7.8 (± 1.5) at baseline, decreased only slightly during week 1 (5.5 ± 1.8), and did not decline further. When treatment was discontinued after 8 weeks, the spraying rate of cats that had received treatment varied. The main adverse reaction to the drug was a reduction in food intake, which was observed in 4 of 9 treated cats.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of fluoxetine hydrochloride for treatment of urine spraying in cats can be expected to considerably reduce the rate of urine marking. The frequency of spraying before treatment is predictive of the spraying rate when the drug is discontinued. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1557–1561)
Episioplasty for the treatment of perivulvar dermatitis or recurrent urinary tract infections in dogs with excessive perivulvar skin folds: 31 cases (1983–2000)
Authors: Lightner Barbara A. , McLoughlin Mary A. , Chew Dennis J. , Beardsley Stephanie M. , Matthews Hilary K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effectiveness of episioplasty for the treatment of perivulvar dermatitis or chronic or recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) believed to be secondary to excessive perivulvar skin folds in dogs and to document whether a causal relationship exists between the presence of chronic or recurrent UTI and excessive perivulvar skin folds in female dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—31 female dogs.Procedure—Medical records of dogs with vulvar dermatitis (group 1; n = 15) or UTI (group 2; 16) were reviewed for history, signalment, physical examination findings, hematologic findings, results of urine or vaginal bacteriologic culture, and results of additional diagnostic procedures.Results—14 of 15 dogs in group 1 had complete resolution of perivulvar dermatitis and associated clinical signs following episioplasty. One dog had a relapse of clinical signs and vulvar dermatitis 2 years after surgery in association with a 9-kg (19.8-lb) weight gain. Sixteen of 16 dogs in group 2 had complete resolution of clinical signs of UTI following episioplasty. Urine samples were obtained via cystocentesis no earlier than 1 month after surgery to confirm resolution of UTI in 13 of 16 of dogs in group 2. Mild-to-moderate incisional swelling was the only surgical complication reported for either group, with the exception of 1 dog in group 2 that had wound dehiscence. All owners were satisfied with surgical outcomes.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—All owners reported complete resolution of clinical signs for both groups of dogs. Episioplasty is an effective low morbidity treatment for perivulvar dermatitis and chronic UTI associated with excessive perivulvar skin folds. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1577–1581)
Use of surgery and electron beam irradiation, with or without chemotherapy, for treatment of vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats: 78 cases (1996–2000)
Authors: Cohen Michele , Wright James C. , Brawner William R. , Smith Annette N. , Henderson Ralph , Behrend Ellen N. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate responses of cats with vaccine- associated sarcomas to treatment with surgery and radiotherapy, with or without adjunctive chemotherapy.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—76 cats (78 tumors).Procedure—Medical records were reviewed. Factors potentially associated with survival time, time to recurrence, and time to development of metastases were evaluated.Results—Following excision, electron beam radiation, and, in some cases, chemotherapy, 32 (41%) cats experienced recurrence, and 9 (12%) cats developed metastases. One- and 2-year survival rates were 86 and 44%, respectively. Median survival time from onset of disease was 730 days (range, 30 to 2,014 days). Median disease-free interval was 405 days (range, 30 to 925 days). Cats that underwent only 1 surgery prior to radiotherapy had a lower recurrence rate than did cats that underwent > 1 surgery and had a significantly longer disease-free interval. Survival time and disease-free interval decreased as time between surgery and the start of radiotherapy increased. Cats that developed metastases had significantly shorter survival times and disease-free intervals than did cats that did not develop metastases. Castrated male cats had a significantly shorter survival time than did spayed female cats. Cats with larger tumors prior to the first surgery had shorter survival times. Twenty-six cats received chemotherapy in addition to surgery and radiotherapy. Whether cats received chemotherapy was not associated with recurrence rate, metastasis rate, or survival time.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that excision followed by electron beam irradiation may be beneficial for treatment of cats with vaccine- associated sarcomas. Extent of excision prior to radiotherapy did not seem to be associated with recurrence rate. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1582–1589)
Plasma concentration of ionized calcium in healthy iguanas
Authors: Dennis Patricia M. , Bennett R. Avery , Harr Kendal E. , Lock Brad A. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To measure plasma concentration of ionized
calcium in healthy green iguanas.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—9 juvenile and 21 (10 male, 11 female) adult
iguanas.

Procedure—Blood samples were obtained from each
iguana, and plasma calcium, glucose, phosphorus, uric
acid, total protein, albumin, globulin, potassium, and
ionized calcium concentrations, aspartate transaminase
(AST) activity, and pH were measured. Heparinized
blood was used for measurement of ionized calcium
concentration and blood pH. A CBC was also performed
to assess the health of the iguanas.

Results—Significant differences were not detected
among the 3 groups (juveniles, males, and females)
with regard to ionized calcium concentration. Mean
ionized calcium concentration measured in blood was
1.47 ± 0.105 mmol/L. Significant differences were
detected between juveniles and adults for values of
phosphorus, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin,
and AST activity.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ionized calcium
concentration provides a clinical measurement of
the physiologically active calcium in circulation.
Evaluation of physiologically active calcium in animals
with suspected calcium imbalance that have total
plasma calcium concentrations within reference
range or in gravid animals with considerably increased
total plasma calcium concentrations is vital for determining
a therapeutic plan. Accurate evaluation of calcium
status will provide assistance in the diagnosis of
renal disease and seizures and allow for better evaluation
of the health status of gravid female iguanas. (J
Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;219:326–328)
Effect of maternal antibodies on induction and persistence of vaccine-induced immune responses against bovine viral diarrhea virus type II in young calves
Authors: Ellis John , West Keith , Cortese Victor , Konoby Carrie , Weigel Dan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of maternally derived antibodies on induction of protective immune responses against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type II in young calves vaccinated with a modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type I vaccine.Design—Blinded controlled challenge study.Animals—24 neonatal Holstein and Holstein-cross calves that were deprived of maternal colostrum and fed pooled colostrum that contained a high concentration of (n = 6) or no (18) antibodies to BVDV.Procedure—At 10 to 14 days of age, 6 seropositive and 6 seronegative calves were given a combination vaccine containing modified-live BVDV type I. All calves were kept in isolation for 4.5 months. Six calves of the remaining 12 untreated calves were vaccinated with the same combination vaccine at approximately 4 months of age. Three weeks later, all calves were challenged intranasally with a virulent BVDV type II.Results—Seronegative unvaccinated calves and seropositive calves that were vaccinated at 2 weeks of age developed severe disease, and 4 calves in each of these groups required euthanasia. Seronegative calves that were vaccinated at 2 weeks or 4 months of age developed only mild or no clinical signs of disease.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that a single dose of a modified-live BVDV type-I vaccine given at 10 to 14 days of age can protect susceptible young calves from virulent BVDV type II infection for at least 4 months, but high concentrations of BVDV-specific maternally derived antibodies can block the induction of the response. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:351–356)
Quality of tissue specimens obtained endoscopically from the duodenum of dogs and cats
Authors: Willard Michael D. , Lovering Sandra L. , Cohen Noah D. , Weeks Brad R. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate quality of duodenal tissue
specimens obtained endoscopically from dogs and
cats and submitted to 1 of 2 diagnostic laboratories
for evaluation.

Design—Case series.

Sample Population—Slides from 50 consecutive
canine and 50 consecutive feline endoscopically
obtained duodenal tissue specimens submitted to
laboratory 1 and 49 consecutive canine and 46 consecutive
feline specimens submitted to laboratory 2.

Procedure—Slides were examined independently by
3 investigators, and each tissue piece on each slide
was classified as clearly inadequate, questionable, or
clearly adequate on the basis of 4 criteria. An overall
score was then assigned to the slide.

Results—Slides from laboratory 1 were more likely to
be scored as clearly adequate and less likely to be
scored as clearly inadequate than slides from laboratory
2. Clearly adequate slides from laboratory 1 had
a higher number of clearly adequate pieces of tissue
than did clearly adequate slides from laboratory 2.
Slides scored as clearly adequate had a higher number
of individual tissue pieces than did slides scored
as clearly inadequate.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that the quality of endoscopically obtained duodenal
tissue specimens submitted to laboratories can
vary, possibly because of differences in experience of
individuals collecting biopsy specimens. Results suggest
that at least 8 individual tissue pieces should be
submitted when performing endoscopic biopsy of the
duodenum in dogs and cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2001;219:474–479)
Prevalence of antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis among beef cow-calf herds
Authors: Dargatz David A. , Byrum Beverly A. , Hennager Steven G. , Barber Linda K. , Kopral Christine A. , Wagner Bruce A. , Wells Scott J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To estimate the prevalence ofMycobacterium aviumsubspparatuberculosisinfection among cows on beef operations in the United States.Design—Cross-sectional seroprevalence study.Sample Population—A convenience sample of 380 herds in 21 states.Procedure—Serum samples were obtained from 10,371 cows and tested for antibodies to M avium subspparatuberculosiswith a commercial ELISA . Producers were interviewed to collect data on herd management practices.Results—30 (7.9%) herds had 1 or more animals for which results of the ELISA were positive; 40 (0.4%) of the individual cow samples yielded positive results. None of the herd management practices studied were found to be associated with whether any animals in the herd would be positive for antibodies toM aviumsubspparatuberculosis.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that the prevalence of antibodies toM aviumsubspparatuberculosisamong beef cows in the United States is low. Herds with seropositive animals were widely distributed geographically. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:497–501)
Risk factors for development of status epilepticus in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and effects of status epilepticus on outcome and survival time: 32 cases (1990–1996)
Authors: Saito Miyoko , Muñana Karen R. , Sharp Nicholas J. H. , Olby Natasha J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To identify risk factors for episodes of status epilepticus (SE) in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and determine how SE affects long-term outcome and survival time.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—32 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.Procedure—Information on signalment, seizure onset, initiation of treatment, anticonvulsants administered, number of episodes of SE, overall seizure control, and long-term outcome was obtained from medical records and through telephone interviews. Differences between dogs that did and did not have episodes of SE were evaluated statistically.Results—19 (59%) dogs had 1 or more episodes of SE. Body weight was the only variable significantly different between dogs that did and did not have episodes of SE. Thirteen dogs (9 that did not have episodes of SE and 4 that did) were still alive at the time of the study and were ≥ 10 years old. Six of the 19 (32%) dogs that had episodes of SE died of causes directly attributed to the seizure disorder. Mean life spans of dogs that did and did not have episodes of SE were 8.3 and 11.3 years, respectively. Survival time was significantly different between groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that a substantial percentage of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy will have episodes of SE. Dogs with greater body weights were more likely to have episodes of SE, and early appropriate seizure treatment did not appear to decrease the risk that dogs would have episodes. Most dogs with idiopathic epilepsy had an expected life span, but survival time was shorter for dogs that had episodes of SE. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:618–623)
Predictors of outcome after dorsal decompressive laminectomy for degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs: 69 cases (1987–1997)
Authors: De Risio Luisa , Sharp Nicholas J. H. , Olby Natasha J. , Muñana Karen R. , Thomas William B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To identify predictive factors of long-term outcome after dorsal decompressive laminectomy for the treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) in dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Sample Population—69 client-owned dogs.Procedure—Medical records of dogs that had undergone dorsal laminectomy at North Carolina State University and the University of Tennessee between 1987 and 1997 were reviewed. Dogs with diskospondylitis, traumatic lesions, or neoplasia of the lumbosacral region were excluded. All dogs had evidence of cauda equina compression on myelography, epidurography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging, along with subsequent confirmation of the lesion at surgery. Follow-up was performed by telephone inquiries to the referring veterinarian, the owner, or both, using a detailed questionnaire.Results—The outcome was excellent or good in 54 of 69 (78%) dogs over a mean follow-up period of 38 ± 22 months. Five of these 54 dogs had been incontinent for a median of 2 weeks prior to surgery. Six of the 15 dogs with a poor outcome had been incontinent for a median of 8 weeks before surgery. A significant correlation was detected between the presence of urinary and fecal incontinence prior to surgery and outcome. When duration of signs was considered, urinary incontinence was the only variable that significantly affected outcome.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Decompressive laminectomy is an effective treatment for DLSS, although dogs with urinary or fecal incontinence have a worse prognosis than dogs that are continent before surgery. Chronic urinary incontinence is a predictor of poor outcome for dogs with DLSS. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:624–628)
Association between exposure to Neospora caninum and milk production in dairy cows
Authors: Hernandez Jorge , Risco Carlos , Donovan Arthur 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine association between exposure toNeospora caninumand milk production in dairy cows.Design—Prospective observational study.Animals—565 Holstein cows.Procedure—Cows were classified as seropositive or seronegative toN caninumwithin 7 days after calving by use of a kinetic ELISA. Milk production was compared between seropositive and seronegative cows.Results—On the basis of 305-day mature equivalent milk production data, seropositive cows produced less milk (2.8 lb/cow per day) than did seronegative cows. In addition, analysis of results throughout the first 300 days of lactation revealed that after adjusting for effects of lactation number, calving season, clinical mastitis, and lameness, milk weight of seropositive cows was 2.5 lb/cow per day less than that of seronegative cows.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Exposure toN caninumwas associated with a 3 to 4% decrease in milk production. A decrease in milk production of 800 lb/cow for a typical 305-day lactation represents a loss of $128/cow. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001; 219:632–635)
Seroprevalence of antibodies against equine arteritis virus in horses residing in the United States and imported horses
Authors: Hullinger Pamela J. , Gardner Ian A. , Hietala Sharon K. , Ferraro Gregory L. , MacLachlan N. James 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare seroprevalence of antibodies against equine arteritis virus (EAV) in horses residing in the United States with that of imported horses.Design—Serologic survey.Sample Population—Serum samples from 364 horses on 44 equine operations in California and 226 horses imported from various countries.Procedure—Serum samples were collected from each imported horse and from up to 20 horses on each operation. For resident horses, the number of sampled horses on each operation was determined on the basis of the number of horses on the operation. Samples were tested for antibodies against EAV by use of a serum neutralization test.Results—1.9% of resident horses and 18.6% of imported horses were seropositive to EAV, including 16.1% of imported stallions.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that the EAV seroprevalence of horses residing in California is considerably lower than that of imported horses, including imported stallions. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:946–949)
Comparison of transdermal administration of fentanyl versus intramuscular administration of butorphanol for analgesia after onychectomy in cats
Authors: Gellasch Kelly L. , Kruse-Elliott Kris T. , Osmond Christian S. , Shih Andre N. C. , Bjorling Dale E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare postoperative discomfort assessed by subjective pain score and plasma cortisol concentrations in cats undergoing onychectomy that received analgesia by use of transdermal fentanyl (TDF) patches or an IM injection of butorphanol.Design—Randomized prospective clinical trial.Animals—22 client-owned cats weighing 2.2 to 5 kg (4.84 to 11 lb) undergoing onychectomy.Procedure—Researchers were blinded to which cats received a TDF patch (25 µg/h) 18 to 24 hours prior to surgery or an IM injection of butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg [0.09 mg/lb]) at the time of sedation, immediately following extubation, and at 4-hour intervals thereafter for 12 hours. Clinical variables, plasma cortisol concentration, and pain scores were evaluated and recorded 24 hours prior to surgery, at extubation, and 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after surgery.Results—The TDF group had a lower pain score than the butorphanol group only at 8 hours after surgery. Both groups had significantly lower mean plasma cortisol concentrations 0, 24, 36, and 48 hours after surgery, compared with mean plasma cortisol concentrations prior to surgery. No significant differences in appetite or response to handling the feet were observed between the 2 groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Our data did not reveal a difference in pain relief between administration of TDF and butorphanol. Plasma cortisol concentrations were not different between groups. Fentanyl appeared to provide equivalent analgesia to butorphanol in cats undergoing onychectomy. The primary advantage of using a TDF patch is that repeated injections are not required. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1020–1024)