bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Volitional Exercise for Individuals With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Multiple-Patient Case Report
Authors: Piva Sara R , Goodnite Edward A , Azuma Koichiro , Woollard Jason D , Goodpaster Bret H , Wasko Mary Chester , Fitzgerald G Kelley 
Published: June 2007

Background and Purpose: Muscle atrophy is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a viable treatment for muscle atrophy, there is no evidence about the use of NMES in patients with RA. The purposes of this multiple-patient case report are: (1) to describe the use of NMES applied to the quadriceps femoris muscles in conjunction with an exercise program in patients with RA; (2) to report on patient tolerance and changes in lean muscle mass, quadriceps femoris muscle strength (force-producing capacity), and physical function; and (3) to explore how changes in muscle mass relate to changes in quadriceps femoris muscle strength, measures of physical function, and patient adherence.Case Description: Seven patients with RA (median age=61 years, range=39–80 years) underwent 16 weeks of NMES and volitional exercises. Lean muscle mass and strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle and physical function were measured before and after treatment.Outcomes: One patient did not tolerate the NMES treatment, and 2 patients did not complete at least half of the proposed treatment. Patients who completed the NMES and volitional exercise program increased their lean muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function.Discussion: Because of the small sample, whether NMES combined with exercises is better than exercise alone or NMES alone could not be determined. However, the outcomes from this multiple-patient case report indicate that NMES is a viable treatment option to address muscle atrophy and weakness in patients with RA. Strategies to increase tolerance and adherence to NMES are warranted.
Plantar Fasciitis: Are Pain and Fascial Thickness Associated With Arch Shape and Loading?
Authors: Wearing Scott C , Smeathers James E , Sullivan Patrick M , Yates Bede , Urry Stephen R , Dubois Philip 
Published: June 2007

Background and Purpose: Although plantar fascial thickening is a sonographic criterion for the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis, the effect of local loading and structural factors on fascial morphology are unknown. The purposes of this study were to compare sonographic measures of fascial thickness and radiographic measures of arch shape and regional loading of the foot during gait in individuals with and without unilateral plantar fasciitis and to investigate potential relationships between these loading and structural factors and the morphology of the plantar fascia in individuals with and without heel pain.
Subjects: The participants were 10 subjects with unilateral plantar fasciitis and 10 matched asymptomatic controls.
Methods: Heel pain on weight bearing was measured by a visual analog scale. Fascial thickness and static arch angle were determined from bilateral sagittal sonograms and weight-bearing lateral foot roentgenograms. Regional plantar loading was estimated from a pressure plate.
Results: On average, the plantar fascia of the symptomatic limb was thicker than the plantar fascia of the asymptomatic limb (6.1±1.4 mm versus 4.2±0.5 mm), which, in turn, was thicker than the fascia of the matched control limbs (3.4±0.5 mm and 3.5±0.6 mm). Pain was correlated with fascial thickness, arch angle, and midfoot loading in the symptomatic foot. Fascial thickness, in turn, was positively correlated with arch angle in symptomatic and asymptomatic feet and with peak regional loading of the midfoot in the symptomatic limb.
Discussion and Conclusion: The findings indicate that fascial thickness and pain in plantar fasciitis are associated with the regional loading and static shape of the arch.
Global Cityscapes of Modernity and Post Modernity: Vienna and Berlin 1900-2000
Authors: Peck Jeffrey M. 
Published: June 2007

The focus of this volume is broad, both historically and topically.Berlin and Vienna, modernity and postmodernity, the twentieth centuryand two incisive Wenden of a tumultuous millennium offer anopportunity to examine central issues in the relationship amongEuropean culture, history, and politics. Cities provide a rich locationto examine expressions of creativity, growth, and change over thecourse of one hundred years. As a transit point of entry and exit, thecity becomes a site for exchange and cross-fertilization of peoples,ideas, and commodities. Cities are nodes in a network whose spokesextend beyond their metropolitan borders and bring intellectual andphysical nourishment to surrounding areas. This European centurywill be known for its great cities and the production of culturalobjects that spread around the globe. Less dramatically, neverthelesssignificant for the transfer of knowledge, academic figures will alsobe remembered for the dissemination of these intellectual traditionsto generations of students who were fortunate to cross their paths.Hinrich C. Seeba, professor of German at the University of California,Berkeley, from 1967 to the present, is one such person.
Isolation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Human Cord Blood
Authors: Jaatinen Taina , Laine Jarmo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEnrichment of hematopoietic stem cells is based on the expression of certain surface antigens, such as CD34 and CD133, or on the lack of expression of lineage‐specific antigens. Immunomagnetic positive selection of CD34+ or CD133+ cells is performed using paramagnetic microbeads conjugated to specific monoclonal antibodies (anti–human CD34 or anti–human CD133). In negative selection of lineage‐negative (Lin−) cells, the unwanted cells are labeled with antibodies against known markers for mature hematopoietic cells (CD2, CD3, CD14, CD16, CD19, CD24, CD56, CD66b, and glycophorin A) and retained in the column. Unlabeled cells pass through the column and are collected as the Lin− cell fraction. Immunomagnetic cell sorting system MACS is a fast and gentle method to enrich hematopoietic stem cells. Viable and highly pure cells can be separated to be used in various downstream applications, such as flow cytometry and cell culture. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 1:2A.2.1‐2A.2.9. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synthesis, structure and characterization of some Schiff bases bearing phenylferrocene
Authors: Shah Faiz Ullah , Akhter Zareen , Siddiqi Humaira M. , Parvez Masood 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSome novel Schiff bases bearing phenylferrocene were synthesized by condensation reaction of 4‐ferrocenylaniline with different aromatic aldehydes. The compounds prepared were characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, UV–visible, 1H and 13C NMR) and elemental analysis. The single crystal analysis of compound F1 [monoclinic, space group, P21/c (no. 14), a = 19.858(2), b = 7.416(2), c = 12.095(5) Å, β = 106.257(14) ] indicates a trans imine bond with a bond length of 1.270(2) Å, typical of a carbon‐nitrogen double bond. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds catalyzed by sodium L‐histidine
Authors: George Soney C. , Kim Sung Soo , Rajagopal Gurusamy 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the addition of trimethyl silanecarbonitrile to carbonyl compounds by employing 1 mol% of L‐histidine sodium salt alone as the catalyst is presented. A variety of aromatic, aliphatic and cyclic carbonyl compounds have been converted into the corresponding trimethylethers in excellent yield (up to 99%) under mild conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationships between perceived features and similarity of images: A test of Tversky's contrast model
Authors: Rorissa Abebe 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe rapid growth of the numbers of images and their users as a result of the reduction in cost and increase in efficiency of the creation, storage, manipulation, and transmission of images poses challenges to those who organize and provide access to images. One of these challenges is similarity matching, a key component of current content‐based image retrieval systems. Similarity matching often is implemented through similarity measures based on geometric models of similarity whose metric axioms are not satisfied by human similarity judgment data. This study is significant in that it is among the first known to test Tversky's contrast model, which equates the degree of similarity of two stimuli to a linear combination of their common and distinctive features, in the context of image representation and retrieval. Data were collected from 150 participants who performed an image description and a similarity judgment task. Structural equation modeling, correlation, and regression analyses confirmed the relationships between perceived features and similarity of objects hypothesized by Tversky. The results hold implications for future research that will attempt to further test the contrast model and assist designers of image organization and retrieval systems by pointing toward alternative document representations and similarity measures that more closely match human similarity judgments.
Relationship between field strength and arousal response in mice exposed to 60‐Hz electric fields
Authors: Rosenberg Richard S. , Duffy Peter H. , Sacher George A. , Ehret Charles F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWhite‐footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, were exposed to 60‐Hz electric fields to study the relationship between field strength and three measures of the transient arousal response previously reported to occur with exposures at 100 kV/m. Five groups of 12 mice each were given a series of four 1‐h exposures, separated by an hour, with each group exposed at one of the following field strengths: 75, 50, 35, 25, and 10 kV/m; 8 additional mice were sham‐exposed with no voltage applied to the field generator. All mice were experimentally naive before the start of the experiment, and all exposures occurred during the inactive (lights‐on) phase of the circadian cycle. The first exposure produced immediate increases in arousal measures, but subsequent exposures had no significant effect on any measure. These arousal responses were defined by significant increases of gross motor activity, carbon dioxide production, and oxygen consumption, and were frequently recorded with field strengths of 50 kV/m or higher. Significant arousal responses rarely occurred with exposures at lower field strengths. Responses of mice exposed at 75 and 50 kV/m were similar to previously described transient arousal responses in mice exposed to 100‐kV/m electric fields. Less than half of the mice in each of the field strength groups below 50 kV/m showed arousal responses based on Z (standard) scores, but the arousals of the mice that did respond were similar to those of mice exposed at higher field strengths. Polynomial regression was used to calculate the field strength producing the greatest increases for each of the arousal measures. The results show that the amplitude of the transient arousal response is related to the strength of the electric field, but different measures of arousal may have different relationships to field strength.
Suppression of T‐lymphocyte cytotoxicity following exposure to sinusoidally amplitude‐modulated fields
Authors: Lyle Daniel B. , Schechter Patricia , Adey W. Ross , Lundak Robert L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSignificant inhibition of allogeneic cytotoxicity of the target cell MPC‐11 by the murine cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte line CTLL‐1 was observed when the 4‐h cytotoxicity assay was conducted in the presence of a 450‐MHz field sinusoidally amplitude‐modulated at 60 Hz. Exposure of the effector cells to the field prior to adding them to the target cells in the cytolytic assay resulted in a similar inhibition, suggesting a direct interaction of the field with the cytolytic T lymphocyte. The inhibition was preferentially expressed during the early allogeneic recognition phase. Fieldexposed cytolytic cells recovered their full cytolytic capacity in 12.5 h. A differential susceptibility was observed with modulation frequencies from 0 to 100 Hz. Peak suppression occurred at 60 Hz modulation, with progressively smaller effects at 40, 16, and 3 Hz. The unmodulated carrier wave did not affect the cytotoxicity. Effects with 80‐ and 100‐Hz modulation were smaller than at 60 Hz. These results demonstrate an inhibitory but recoverable effect by certain amplitude modulations of weak nonionizing radiation upon the cell‐mediated cytolytic immune response.
Uniform DC electric field exposure systems for mice and cats
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsuo , Shimizu Koichi , Matsumoto Goro , Nishiyama Fumihiko , Nakamura Hiroshi , Ohta Shunro , Kato Masamichi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn most previous 50/60‐Hz experiments, subjects were placed in a dielectric cage and the electric field was applied from outside the cage. Although the field outside the cage was kept uniform in space and constant in time, the field inside the cage undergoes undesirable temporal and spatial variations. We have designed an electric‐field exposure system that overcomes these problems by having a metal cage constitute a part of the field generating electrodes. The uniformity along the diameter of the cages for mice and cats are more than 84.2% and 74.3%, respectively.
Risks, choices and behavioral treatment
Authors: Meinhold Patricia M. , Mulick James A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecent arguments against the use of intrusive behavioral interventions in the treatment of handicapped people are examined. The anti‐aversive position was found to be based on assumptions about the negative impact of aversive procedures, and to consider only a small subset of the variables that should be taken into account when treatment decisions are made. A preliminary application of formal decision‐analysis techniques that have been developed in response to other controversial technologies had a number of benefits including: (a) sharpening the distinction between scientific and social criteria; (b) sensitizing decision‐makers and scientists to the range of costs, risks, and benefits associated with treatment decisions; and (c) identifying critical areas of research. Decision‐analysis techniques were found to be helpful in directing scientists and policy‐makers towards more informed decision‐making.
Case study: Reinforcement control of assaultive behavior in a sensory impaired child
Authors: Luiselli James K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis clinical case study describes the residential treatment of severe assaultive behavior in a 13‐year‐old sensory impaired child using two methods of positive reinforcement. Only slight reductions in the frequency of assaults occurred when the child was reinforced for compliance with task demands. Control was established quickly when reinforcement for the absence of responding was programmed in the form of a differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) contingency. Treatment fading was accomplished by gradually decreasing the immediacy and frequency of reinforcement. Extended follow‐up assessment revealed near‐zero levels of responding.
Brief report: Validation of a reinforcer survey for use with geriatric patients
Authors: Houlihan Daniel , Rodriguez Rochelle , Levine Howard D. , Kloeckl Jill 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a Geriatric Reinforcer Survey (GRS) which expands upon a previous Reinforcement Survey Schedule (RSS) developed by Cautela and Kastenbaum (1967). The GRS, an instrument designed to quickly assess reinforcer preference in geriatric populations, has two formats, one for individuals over 65 years of age who are still able to comprehend and write, and one designed to be filled out by relatives and staff familiar with an individual over 65 years of age who can no longer comprehend or write well. Reinforcer preference was determined by giving the GRS to a total of 107 geriatric persons in both home and institutional settings. Test‐retest reliability was assessed on a subsample of 71 individuals over a 10‐14‐day period and was found to be rs = 0.608, p <0.01 using the Spearman Rank‐Order Correlation Coefficient. This indicated that the GRS had reasonable test‐retest reliability. The validity of having a relative or familiar staff person fill out the GRS for a specific individual was also tested. Results of 43 administrations of the GRS to relatives of a geriatric person, using the Spearman Rank‐Order Correlation Coefficient, showed a correlation of rs = 0.488, p <0.01 when the responses of that person were compared to those of the individual. Results of 17 administrations of the GRS to staff familiar with a particular patient were rs = 0.436, p < 0.05 when compared to responses made by the individual. This indicates that the GRS might be useful in structuring interventions for individuals who are incapacitated, and groups of geriatric persons. The GRS also has the potential to be a valuable research tool.
Evaluation of staff management strategies to increase positive interactions in a vocational setting
Authors: Suda Kim T. , Miltenberger Raymond G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the minimal components of a self‐management program necessary to increase positive interactions among staff and clients working in a vocational setting. Three interventions were implemented, as needed, in an additive fashion including: Instruction and Goal Setting, Self‐management, and Feedback. Instruction and Goal Setting did not increase staff positive interactions to a criterion level of 30% of intervals. However, during the self‐management phase, all staff increased their positive interactions with clients, but two staff required feedback to maintain their positive interactions at the criterion level. Measures of generalization, compliance, and acceptability showed that increases in positive interactions occurred outside the assessment sessions; staff were consistently employing the procedures; and staff found all procedures to be acceptable.
Über substituierte Pentaphenyl‐cyclopentadienyl‐Verbindungen und Tetracyclone
Authors: Kurreck Harry , Broser Waldemar 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEinige dimethylamino‐substituierte Tetraphenyl‐cyclopentadienone, Pentaphenyl‐cyclopentadienole, ‐cyclopentadienylbromid‐hydrobromide und ‐cyclopentadienylbromide werden synthetisiert. Die spektroskopischen und magnetischen Eigenschaften dieser Tetraphenyl‐cyclopentadienone, der entsprechenden Pentaphenyl‐cyclopentadienyl‐Kationen und ‐Radikale werden untersucht und diskutiert. Die Existenz der p‐dimethylamino‐substituierten Pentaphenyl‐cyclopentadienyl‐Kationen wird bewiesen.
Rote Antibiotica aus Actinomyceten. Partialstruktur von Griseorhodin A
Authors: Eckardt Klaus 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDas aus dem Streptomyces‐Stamm JA 2640 als Hauptfarbstoff isolierte Antibioticum Griseorhodin A gab durch Einwirkung von methanolischer Salzsäure ein kristallines, rotes Abbauprodukt. Die analytischen Ergebnisse dieser Verbindung, die sich vom 2.5.8‐Trihydroxy‐naphthochinon‐(1.4) (Naphthopurpurin) ableitet, wurden in einer Partialformel zusammengefaßt, die nach vergleichenden Untersuchungen auch im Molekül des Griseorhodin A enthalten ist.
Diaminozucker, VI. Die Synthese der 2.6‐Diamino‐2.6‐didesoxy‐β‐D‐mannose. Ein Derivat der 2.6‐Imino‐2.6‐didesoxy‐α‐D‐altrose
Authors: Zu Reckendorf Wolfgang Meyer 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Inversion des C‐3 im Molekül des D‐Altrosamins unter Nachbargruppenbeteiligung führte zum Oxazolin III und zum Aziridin IV. Durch Einführung einer Aminogruppe in III und Ringöffnung wurde das 2.6‐Diamino‐2.6‐didesoxy‐β‐D‐mannose‐dihydrochlorid kristallisiert erhalten. — Umsetzung des Tosylamins XII mit Natriumacetat ergab Ringschluß zu einem Derivat der 2.6‐Imino‐2.6‐didesoxy‐α‐D‐altrose (XIII).
Polyacetylenverbindungen, LXIX. Die Acetylenverbindungen der Gattung Echinops L
Authors: Bohlmann Ferdinand , Arndt Christian , Kleine Käthe‐Marie , Bornowski Hans 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Untersuchung mehrerer Vertreter der Gattung Echinops L. ergibt 14 neue Thiophenacetylenverbindungen. Neben dem Bithienylyl‐vinyl‐acetylen I als Hauptinhaltsstoff findet man das Monothiophenderivat IV. Von beiden Grundtypen sind mehrere verwandte sauerstoff‐ bzw. chlorhaltige Abkömmlinge isolierbar. Die Strukturen werden durch Reaktionen und ihre physikalischen Daten gesichert.
Isonitrile, VI. Dehydro‐Dimerisierung von ω‐Acylamino‐acetophenonen. Beitrag zur Totalsynthese des Xanthocillin‐dimethyläthers
Authors: Hagedorn Ilse , Eholzer Ulrich 
Published: June 2007

AbstractZweifach metallierte ω‐Acylamino‐acetophenone lassen sich an der Methylen‐gruppe oxydativ dimerisieren. Durch C—C‐Verknüpfung entstehen N.N′‐Diacyl‐1.2‐dibenzoyl‐äthylendiamine. Es wurde sowohl der Einfluß verschiedener Acylreste, als auch der von Kernsubstituenten auf die Dimerisierungsreaktion untersucht.
Über Thiazole, XLIII. Zur Kondensation substituierter Thiosemicarbazide mit α‐Chlor‐acetessigester
Authors: Bulka Ehrenfried , Rohde Hans‐Georg , Beyer Hans 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Umsetzung von in 4‐Stellung alkyl‐ oder arylsubstituierten Thiosemicarbaziden mit α‐Chlor‐acetessigester in Äthanol führt unter Entschwefelung zu in der Aminogruppe substituierten 3‐Amino‐5‐methyl‐4‐äthoxycarbonyl‐pyrazolen. In saurer Lösung dagegen bilden sich 3‐Amino‐4‐methyl‐5‐äthoxycarbonyl‐thiazolon‐(2)‐alkylimide. Eine Ausnahme macht das 4‐Phenyl‐thiosemicarbazid, aus dem auch in saurer Lösung das Pyrazol‐Derivat entsteht. Andererseits können durch Blockierung des N1‐Atoms in den Thiosemicarbaziden die in 3‐Stellung substituierten 4‐Methyl‐5‐äthoxycarbonyl‐thiazolon‐(2)‐hydrazone dargestellt werden.
Titan(IV)‐oxidbromid, TiOBr2, und Zinn(IV)‐oxidbromid, SnOBr2
Authors: Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDurch Umsetzung von Cl2O oder Ozon mit überschüssigem TiBr4 entsteht TiOBr2 in Form tiefgelber Kristalle. Analog entsteht SnOBr2 aus SnBr4 als farbloser, röntgenamorpher Festkörper. Die Eigenschaften und IR‐Spektren werden mitgeteilt. Mit POX3 (X = Cl, Br) entstehen die Additionsverbindungen TiOBr2.2 POX3, mit Pyridin die Addukte TiOBr2.2 1/2 Pyridin und SnOBr2.1 1/2 Pyridin.
Phosphinhaltige Fulminato‐Komplexe (R3P)2Me(CNO)2 mit Nickel(II), Palladium(II) und Platin(II)
Authors: Beck Wolfgang , Schuierer Erich 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDurch Umsetzung der Tetrafulminato‐Komplexe von Nickel(II), Palladium(II) und Platin(II) mit tertiären Phosphinen werden Verbindungen des Typs (R3P)2Me(CNO)2 erhalten (R = C2H5, C6H11, C6H5; Me = Ni, Pd, Pt):

[Ni(CN)4]2⊖ bildet mit Triäthylphosphin den entsprechenden Cyano‐Komplex [(C2H5)3P]2Ni(CN)2. Die IR‐ und UV‐Spektren dieser Verbindungen lassen in Übereinstimmung mit magnetischen und Dipol‐Messungen auf trans‐planare Struktur schließen. cis‐Stellung der Fulminat‐Liganden tritt hingegen bei den Palladium‐ und Platin‐Verbindungen mit dem zweizähligen Liganden (C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2 auf. Die Bindungsverhältnisse werden aufgrund der IR‐Spektren diskutiert.
Aktivierung von Halogencarbonylverbindungen mit Lewis‐Säuren und ihre Umsetzung mit Mehrfachbindungssystemen
Authors: Schmidt Richard R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDurch Lewis‐Säuren aktivierte Halogencarbonylverbindungen (Säurechloride, [β‐Chlor‐vinyl]‐phenyl‐keton, N‐Benzoyl‐benzimidchlorid, β‐Chlor‐β‐phenylpropiophenon, N‐Chlormethyl‐benzamid) setzen sich mit Phenylacetylen und Nitrilen zu Pyrylium‐, Azapyrylium‐, Diazapyrylium‐, Oxazinium‐ und Oxidiazinium‐Salzen um. Synthese und Reaktionen dieser Verbindungen werden beschrieben.