bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of spatiotemporal optical vortices enabled by symmetry-breaking slanted nanograting
Authors: Huo Pengcheng , Chen Wei , Zhang Zixuan , Zhang Yanzeng , Liu Mingze , Lin Peicheng , Zhang Hui , Chen Zhaoxian , Lezec Henri , Zhu Wenqi , Agrawal Amit , Peng Chao , Lu Yanqing , Xu Ting 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProviding additional degrees of freedom to manipulate light, spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV) beams carrying transverse orbital angular momentum are of fundamental importance for spatiotemporal control of light-matter interactions. Unfortunately, existing methods to generate STOV are plagued by various limitations such as inefficiency, bulkiness, and complexity. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a microscale singlet platform composed of a slanted nanograting to generate STOV. Leveraging the intrinsic topological singularity induced by C2 symmetry and z-mirror symmetry breaking of the slanted nanograting, STOV is generated through the Fourier transform of the spiral phase in the momentum-frequency space to the spatiotemporal domain. In experiments, we observe the space-time evolution of STOV carried by femtosecond pulses using a time-resolved interferometry technique and achieve a generation efficiency exceeding 40%. Our work sheds light on a compact and versatile platform for light pulse shaping, and paves the way towards a fully integrated system for spatiotemporal light manipulation.
Neglecting students’ socio-emotional skills magnified learning losses during the pandemic
Authors: Lichand Guilherme , Christen Julien , Egeraat Eppie Van 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDid the dramatic learning losses from remote learning in the context of COVID-19 stem at least partly from schools having overlooked students’ socio-emotional skills—such as their ability to self-regulate emotions, their mental models, motivation, and grit—during the emergency transition to remote learning? We study this question using a cluster-randomized control trial with 18,256 high-school students across 87 schools in the State of Goiás, Brazil. The intervention sent behavioral nudges through text messages to students or their caregivers, targeting their socio-emotional skills during remote learning. Here we show that these messages significantly increased standardized test scores relative to the control group, preventing 7.5% of learning losses in math and 24% in Portuguese, consistent with the hypothesis that neglecting students’ socio-emotional skills magnified learning losses during the pandemic.
Virtual reconstruction of the Canis arnensis type (Canidae, Mammalia) from the Upper Valdarno Basin (Italy, Early Pleistocene)
Authors: Bartolini-Lucenti S. , Cirilli O. , Melchionna M. , Raia P. , Tseng Z. J. , Flynn J. J. , Rook L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTaphonomic deformation, whether it be brittle or plastic, is possibly the most influential process hindering the correct understanding of fossil species morphology. This is especially true if the deformation affects type specimens or applies to or obscures taxonomically diagnostic or functionally significant traits. Target Deformation, a recently developed virtual manipulation protocol, was implemented to address this issue by applying landmark-guided restoration of the original, deformed fossils, using undeformed specimens (or parts thereof) of the same species as a reference. The enigmatic Early Pleistocene canid Canis arnensis provides a typical example of a fossil species in dire need of virtual restoration. Its lectotype specimen is heavily deformed and none of the few known skulls are well preserved, obscuring the recognition of its systematic and phylogenetic position. Our results indicate that the algorithm effectively countered the lectotype skull’s laterolateral compression and its concomitant rostrocaudal elongation. Morphometrically, comparison of the retrodeformed cranium (IGF 867_W) with other specimens of the same species, and to other fossil and extant canid material, confirms IGF 867_W consistently clusters within C. arnensis variability. Overall, the evidence presented here confirms that Target Deformation provides a powerful tool to better characterize complex taxa like C. arnensis, whose knowledge is severely affected by the state of preservation of its fossil material.
Anger is eliminated with the disposal of a paper written because of provocation
Authors: Kanaya Yuta , Kawai Nobuyuki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAnger suppression is important in our daily life, as its failure can sometimes lead to the breaking down of relationships in families. Thus, effective strategies to suppress or neutralise anger have been examined. This study shows that physical disposal of a piece of paper containing one’s written thoughts on the cause of a provocative event neutralises anger, while holding the paper did not. In this study, participants wrote brief opinions about social problems and received a handwritten, insulting comment consisting of low evaluations about their composition from a confederate. Then, the participants wrote the cause and their thoughts about the provocative event. Half of the participants (disposal group) disposed of the paper in the trash can (Experiment 1) or in the shredder (Experiment 2), while the other half (retention group) kept it in a file on the desk. All the participants showed an increased subjective rating of anger after receiving the insulting feedback. However, the subjective anger for the disposal group decreased as low as the baseline period, while that of the retention group was still higher than that in the baseline period in both experiments. We propose this method as a powerful and simple way to eliminate anger.
Individual differences in knowledge network navigation
Authors: Zhu Manran , Yasseri Taha , Kertész János 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the rapid accumulation of online information, efficient web navigation has grown vital yet challenging. To create an easily navigable cyberspace catering to diverse demographics, understanding how people navigate differently is paramount. While previous research has unveiled individual differences in spatial navigation, such differences in knowledge space navigation remain sparse. To bridge this gap, we conducted an online experiment where participants played a navigation game on Wikipedia and completed personal information questionnaires. Our analysis shows that age negatively affects knowledge space navigation performance, while multilingualism enhances it. Under time pressure, participants’ performance improves across trials and males outperform females, an effect not observed in games without time pressure. In our experiment, successful route-finding is usually not related to abilities of innovative exploration of routes. Our results underline the importance of age, multilingualism and time constraint in the knowledge space navigation.
Evaluation of changes of anterior segment parameters in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome after cataract surgery using anterior segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: Wlaź Aleksandra , Kustra Agnieszka , Aung Tin , Żarnowski Tomasz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the anterior segment parameters after cataract surgery in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) and control eyes. We conducted a prospective comparative study of 36 eyes (PEX group), 16 eyes (PEXG group) and 46 eyes (control group) of 98 patients after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Before surgery, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively, anterior chamber parameters were evaluated by swept source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle opening distance (AOD500/750), trabecular-iris space area (TISA500/750), trabecular-iris angle (TIA500/750) and lens vault (LV) were assessed at each study visit. Preoperatively, ACD, AOD500/750 and TISA500/750 were significantly smaller, while LV was significantly greater in PEX and PEXG eyes than in controls. 3 months postoperatively all irido-corneal parameters and ACD were significantly greater in all study groups without intergroup differences. ACD and LV significantly increased in PEX group between 1 and 3 months after surgery while being stable in control group. Relative increases in ACD, AOD500, TISA750, TIA500/750 were significantly higher in PEX and PEXG groups than in controls. Our study finds that ACD and iridocorneal parameters in AS-OCT demonstrated significantly greater relative increases 3 months after phacoemulsification in PEX and PEXG groups than in control eyes. Significantly greater deepening of anterior chamber and opening of the irido-corneal angle may be a reason for different refractive outcomes and IOP control in patients with PEX and PEXG after routine cataract surgery.
Nonlinear recurrence analysis of piezo sensor placement for unmanned aerial vehicle motor failure diagnosis
Authors: Koszewnik Andrzej , Ambroziak Leszek , Ołdziej Daniel , Dzienis Paweł , Ambrożkiewicz Bartłomiej , Syta Arkadiusz , Bouattour Ghada , Kanoun Olfa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper is focused on the diagnostics of multicopter UAV propulsion system, in which the temporary transient states occur during operation in faulty conditions (eg. not all motor phases working properly). As a diagnostic sensor, the piezo strip has been used, which is very sensitive to any vibrations of the multi-rotor frame. The paper concerns the precise location of the sensor for more effective monitoring of the propulsion system state. For this purpose, a nonlinear analysis of the vibration times series was carefully presented. The obtained non-linear time series were studied with the recurrence analysis in short time windows, which were sensitive to changes in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle motor speeds. The tests were carried out with different percentage of the pulse width modulation signal used for the operation of the brushless motor and for different locations of the piezosensor (side and top planes of the multicopter arm). In the article, it was shown that the side location of the piezosensor is more sensitive to changes in the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle propulsion system, which was studied with the Principal Component Analysis method applied for four main recurrence quantifications. The research presented proves the possibility of using nonlinear recurrence analysis for propulsion system diagnostics and helps to determine the optimal sensor location for more effective health monitoring of multicopter motor.
Satin bowerbird optimizer-neural network for approximating the capacity of CFST columns under compression
Authors: Liu Yuzhen , Liang Yan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConcrete-filled steel tube columns (CFSTCs) are important elements in the construction sector and predictive analysis of their behavior is essential. Recent works have revealed the potential of metaheuristic-assisted approximators for this purpose. The main idea of this paper, therefore, is to introduce a novel integrative model for appraising the axial compression capacity (Pu) of CFSTCs. The proposed model represents an artificial neural network (ANN) supervised by satin bowerbird optimizer (SBO). In other words, this metaheuristic algorithm trains the ANN optimally to find the best contribution of input parameters to the Pu. In this sense, column length and the compressive strength of concrete, as well as the characteristics of the steel tube (i.e., diameter, thickness, yield stress, and ultimate stress), are considered input data. The prediction results are compared to five ANNs supervised by backtracking search algorithm (BSA), earthworm optimization algorithm (EWA), social spider algorithm (SOSA), salp swarm algorithm (SSA), and wind-driven optimization. Evaluating various accuracy indicators showed that the proposed model surpassed all of them in both learning and reproducing the Pu pattern. The obtained values of mean absolute percentage error of the SBO-ANN was 2.3082% versus 4.3821%, 17.4724%, 15.7898%, 4.2317%, and 3.6884% for the BSA-ANN, EWA-ANN, SOSA-ANN, SSA-ANN and WDA-ANN, respectively. The higher accuracy of the SBO-ANN against several hybrid models from earlier literature was also deduced. Moreover, the outcomes of principal component analysis on the dataset showed that the yield stress, diameter, and ultimate stress of the steel tube are the three most important factors in Pu prediction. A predictive formula is finally derived from the optimized SBO-ANN by extracting and organizing the weights and biases of the ANN. Owing to the accurate estimation shown by this model, the derived formula can reliably predict the Pu of concrete-filled steel tube columns.
Mitochondrial targeted catalase improves muscle strength following arteriovenous fistula creation in mice with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kim Kyoungrae , Fazzone Brian , Cort Tomas A. , Kunz Eric M. , Alvarez Samuel , Moerschel Jack , Palzkill Victoria R. , Dong Gengfu , Anderson Erik M. , O’Malley Kerri A. , Berceli Scott A. , Ryan Terence E. , Scali Salvatore T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHand dysfunction is a common observation after arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation for hemodialysis access and has a variable clinical phenotype; however, the underlying mechanism responsible is unclear. Grip strength changes are a common metric used to assess AVF-associated hand disability but has previously been found to poorly correlate with the hemodynamic perturbations post-AVF placement implicating other tissue-level factors as drivers of hand outcomes. In this study, we sought to test if expression of a mitochondrial targeted catalase (mCAT) in skeletal muscle could reduce AVF-related limb dysfunction in mice with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed an adenine-supplemented diet to induce CKD prior to placement of an AVF in the iliac vascular bundle. Adeno-associated virus was used to drive expression of either a green fluorescent protein (control) or mCAT using the muscle-specific human skeletal actin (HSA) gene promoter prior to AVF creation. As expected, the muscle-specific AAV-HSA-mCAT treatment did not impact blood urea nitrogen levels (P = 0.72), body weight (P = 0.84), or central hemodynamics including infrarenal aorta and inferior vena cava diameters (P > 0.18) or velocities (P > 0.38). Hindlimb perfusion recovery and muscle capillary densities were also unaffected by AAV-HSA-mCAT treatment. In contrast to muscle mass and myofiber size which were not different between groups, both absolute and specific muscle contractile forces measured via a nerve-mediated in-situ preparation were significantly greater in AAV-HSA-mCAT treated mice (P = 0.0012 andP = 0.0002). Morphological analysis of the post-synaptic neuromuscular junction uncovered greater acetylcholine receptor cluster areas (P = 0.0094) and lower fragmentation (P = 0.0010) in AAV-HSA-mCAT treated mice. Muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was not different between groups, but AAV-HSA-mCAT treated mice had lower succinate-fueled mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide emission compared to AAV-HSA-GFP mice (P < 0.001). In summary, muscle-specific scavenging of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide significantly improves neuromotor function in mice with CKD following AVF creation.
CHD4 acts as a prognostic factor and drives radioresistance in HPV negative HNSCC
Authors: Geyer Fabian , Geyer Maximilian , Reuning Ute , Klapproth Sarah , Wolff Klaus-Dietrich , Nieberler Markus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite great efforts in improving existing therapies, the outcome of patients with advanced radioresistant HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains poor. The chromatin remodeler Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4 (CHD4) is involved in different DNA-repair mechanisms, but the role and potential in HNSCC has not been explored yet. In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic significance of CHD4 expression using in silico analysis of the pan-cancer dataset. Furthermore, we established a monoclonal HNSCC CHD4 knockdown cell clone utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Effects of lower CHD4 expression on radiosensitivity after increasing doses of ionizing radiation were characterized using clonogenic assays and cell numbers. The in silico analysis revealed that high CHD4 expression is associated with significant poorer overall survival of HPV-negative HNSCC patients. Additionally, the knockdown of CHD4 significantly increased the radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells. Therefore, CHD4 might be involved in promoting radioresistance in hard-to-treat HPV-negative HNSCC entities. We conclude that CHD4 could serve as a prognostic factor in HPV-negative HNSCC tumors and is a potential target protein overcoming radioresistance in HNSCC. Our results and the newly established cell clone laid the foundation to further characterize the underlying mechanisms and ultimately use CHD4 in HNSCC therapies.
Characterization of the gut bacterial and viral microbiota in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
Authors: Poulsen Casper S. , Hesse Dan , Fernandes Gabriel R. , Hansen Tue H. , Kern Timo , Linneberg Allan , Van Espen Lore , Jørgensen Torben , Nielsen Trine , Alibegovic Amra C. , Matthijnssens Jelle , Pedersen Oluf , Vestergaard Henrik , Hansen Torben , Andersen Mette K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLatent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by autoantibodies against insulin producing pancreatic beta cells and initial lack of need for insulin treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate if individuals with LADA have an altered gut microbiota relative to non-diabetic control subjects, individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Bacterial community profiling was performed with primers targeting the variable region 4 of the 16S rRNA gene and sequenced. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were generated with DADA2 and annotated to the SILVA database. The gut virome was sequenced, using a viral particle enrichment and metagenomics approach, assembled, and quantified to describe the composition of the viral community. Comparison of the bacterial alpha- and beta-diversity measures revealed that the gut bacteriome of individuals with LADA resembled that of individuals with T2D. Yet, specific genera were found to differ in abundance in individuals with LADA compared with T1D and T2D, indicating that LADA has unique taxonomical features. The virome composition reflected the stability of the most dominant order Caudovirales and the families Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, and Inoviridae, and the dominant family Microviridae. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
In vitro activity of antibiotics potentially effective against difficult-to-treat strains of Gram-negative rods: retrospective study
Authors: Kroneislová Gabriela , Závora Jan , Adámková Vanda Gabriela , Rýdlová Anna , Adámková Václava 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBacterial resistance surveillance is one of the main outputs of microbiological laboratories and its results are important part of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). In this study, the susceptibility of specific bacteria to selected antimicrobial agents was tested. The susceptibility of 90 unique isolates of pathogens of critical priority obtained from clinically valid samples of ICU patients in 2017–2021 was tested. 50% of these fulfilled difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) criteria and 50% were susceptible to all antibiotics included in the definition. 10 Enterobacterales strains met DTR criteria, and 2 (20%) were resistant to colistin (COL), 2 (20%) to cefiderocol (FCR), 7 (70%) to imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (I/R), 3 (30%) to ceftazidime/avibactam (CAT) and 5 (50%) to fosfomycin (FOS). For Enterobacterales we also tested aztreonam/avibactam (AZA) for which there are no breakpoints yet. The highest MIC of AZA observed was 1 mg/l, MIC range in the susceptible cohort was 0.032–0.064 mg/l and in the DTR cohort (incl. class B beta-lactamase producers) it was 0.064–1 mg/l. Two (13.3%) isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15 DTR strains) were resistant to COL, 1 (6.7%) to FCR, 13 (86.7%) to I/R, 5 (33.3%) to CAT, and 5 (33.3%) to ceftolozane/tazobactam. All isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii with DTR were susceptible to COL and FCR, and at the same time resistant to I/R and ampicillin/sulbactam. New antimicrobial agents are not 100% effective against DTR. Therefore, it is necessary to perform susceptibility testing of these antibiotics, use the data for surveillance (including local surveillance) and conform to AMS standards.
The effect of floating spline parameter on the dynamic characteristic of encased differential planetary gear train
Authors: Che Xiaoyu , Yu Hu , Zhang Chao , Zhu Rupeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe load sharing performance of encased differential planetary system has a great impact on the operating performance and service life of the transmission system of the coaxial high speed helicopter. In order to improve the load-sharing performance of the gear pair, the influence of different floating spline structural parameters on the load sharing characteristics of the system was studied. Considering the manufacturing error, installation error, time varying meshing stiffness and other factors, the Lagrange equation is used to construct the dynamic model of encased differential planetary gear train with floating spline structure. The effects of input torque, spline clearance, spline shaft stiffness and spline friction coefficient on the load sharing performance of gear pairs were analyzed. The results show that the differential stage system has a better load sharing performance than the encased stage system. The increase of input torque helps to improve the load sharing performance of the system, and the improvement of the encased stage system is more obvious. The floating spline of sun gear of the encased stage has a greater impact on the load sharing performance of the system. Furthermore, increasing the floating spline clearance, reducing spline shaft stiffness or increasing the friction coefficient of the spline can improve the load sharing performance of the system overall.
Self-assembly of stabilized droplets from liquid–liquid phase separation for higher-order structures and functions
Authors: Naz Mehwish , Zhang Lin , Chen Chong , Yang Shuo , Dou Hongjing , Mann Stephen , Li Jianwei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDynamic microscale droplets produced by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) have emerged as appealing biomaterials due to their remarkable features. However, the instability of droplets limits the construction of population-level structures with collective behaviors. Here we first provide a brief background of droplets in the context of materials properties. Subsequently, we discuss current strategies for stabilizing droplets including physical separation and chemical modulation. We also discuss the recent development of LLPS droplets for various applications such as synthetic cells and biomedical materials. Finally, we give insights on how stabilized droplets can self-assemble into higher-order structures displaying coordinated functions to fully exploit their potentials in bottom-up synthetic biology and biomedical applications.