bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keratinocyte‐derived chemokine induces prostate epithelial hyperplasia and reactive stroma in a novel transgenic mouse model
Authors: Schauer Isaiah G. , Ressler Steven J. , Rowley David R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDInterleukin‐8 (IL‐8) is upregulated in fibrotic and malignant diseases and is a key mediator of proliferative responses. Elevated IL‐8 was recently correlated with benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelium and a myofibroblast reactive stroma. Thus, we sought to determine whether overexpressed IL‐8 and keratinocyte‐derived chemokine (KC), the functional murine homolog of IL‐8, induce prostate epithelial hyperplasia and a reactive phenotype.METHODSTransgenic mice that overexpress KC within prostate epithelia and xenograft models with engineered human cells that overexpress IL‐8 were developed.RESULTSOverexpression of KC in transgenic mice produced hyperplastic prostate epithelial acini associated with a periacinar reactive stroma. KC induced an altered epithelial/stroma proliferation index ratio, increased acini diameter, epithelial infolding, and expression of prototypical reactive stroma markers. Overexpression of IL‐8 in normal human prostate epithelial xenografts correlated with elevated epithelial proliferation index and altered morphology. Elevated human prostate stromal and epithelial cell proliferation, nodule‐like morphology and increased xenograft survival were observed in IL‐8‐overexpressing orthotopic xenografts.CONCLUSIONSTogether, these data demonstrate that overexpression of IL‐8/KC results in a prostate epithelial hyperplasia with an associated reactive stroma phenotype. The novel transgenic mouse and human xenograft models described here may be useful in dissecting key mechanisms of IL‐8 induced prostate hyperplasia and reactive stroma. Prostate 69:373–384, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional modes of the regulatory arm of AraC
Authors: Rodgers Michael E. , Holder Nakisha D. , Dirla Stephanie , Schleif Robert 
Published: November 2008

AbstractOne of the two crystal structures of the arm‐dimerization domain determined in the absence of arbinose fails to show the arm, whereas the other structure does show it. The two structures lead to different pictures for the regulatory behavior of the arms. Trypsin digestion, fluorescence anisotropy, and NMR experiments presented here were designed to resolve the issue and show that in arm‐dimerization domain, the arms are structured, although differently, in the presence and absence of arabinose. The arms have also been shown to interact with the DNA binding domains of AraC by their requirement for the immobilization of the DNA binding domains that is necessary for DNA looping and repression. The binding of arabinose has been shown to release the DNA binding domains and looping ceases. The picture resulting from the new experiments and the crystal structures of the arm‐dimerization domain is that in the absence of arabinose, the arm adopts one structure on the dimerization domain and that the DNA binding domain then binds to this complex. Upon binding arabinose, the arm restructures and as a result, no longer serves as a gasket between the DNA binding domain and dimerization domain. The DNA binding domain is then released, subject only to the constraints imposed by the flexible linker connecting it to dimerization domain, and the protein relocates on the DNA and activates transcription. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling of peptides connecting the ligand‐binding and transmembrane domains in the GluR2 glutamate receptor
Authors: Speranskiy K. , Kurnikova M. G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractLigand‐gated Glutamate receptors (GluR) mediate synaptic signals in the nervous system. Ionotropic GluRs of AMPA type, the subject of this study, are tetrameric assemblies of monomer subunits, each of which is constructed in a modular fashion from functional subdomains. The extracellular ligand‐binding domain (LBD) changes its conformation upon binding of an agonist ligand followed by opening of a transmembrane (TM) ion channel. Peptides connecting the LBD and TM domains facilitate gating of the channel, and their structure and composition are important for the receptor functioning. In this study, we used replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations to model S1M1 and S2M3 connecting peptides of the GluR2 receptor in two implicit solvents, water and interfacial water/lipid medium characterized by lower polarity. Propensity of these peptides to form helical structures was analyzed using helicity measure derived from the free energy of the simulated ensembles of structures. The S1M1 and S2M3 connecting peptides were not helical in our simulations in both dielectric environments in the absence of the rest of the protein. The structures of the LBD fragment with known high‐resolution α‐helical structure and of the TM3 helix were successfully predicted in the simulations, which in part validate our results. The S2M3 peptide, which is important in gating, formed a well‐defined coil structure and salt‐bridges with the S2 domain. The S1M1 peptide formed a loop structure via formation of internal salt‐bridges. Potential implications of these structures on function of the receptor are discussed. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Negative ion production from peptides and proteins by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Gao Junjie , Cassady Carolyn J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNegative ion production from peptides and proteins was investigated by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry. Although most research on peptide and protein identification with ionization by MALDI has involved the detection of positive ions, for some acidic peptides protonated molecules are not easily formed because the side chains of acidic residues are more likely to lose a proton and form a deprotonated species. After investigating more than 30 peptides and proteins in both positive and negative ion modes, [M–H]− ions were detected in the negative ion mode for all peptides and proteins although the matrix used was 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), which is a good proton donor and favors the positive ion mode production of [M+H]+ ions. Even for highly basic peptides without an acidic site, such as myosin kinase inhibiting peptide and substance P, good negative ion signals were observed. Conversely, gastrin I (1‐14), a peptide without a highly basic site, will form positive ions. In addition, spectra obtained in the negative ion mode are usually cleaner due to absence of alkali metal adducts. This can be useful during precursor ion isolation for MS/MS studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Desferrioxamine dehydrogenates bilirubin in two stages, leading to a 1:1 red‐coloured adduct. Characterization of the products by high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: De Matteis Francesco , Lord Gwyn A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe have used open‐chain tetrapyrroles, such as bilirubin, as molecular probes to investigate the pro‐oxidant activity of desferrioxamine (DES) and its modulation by Trolox. On exposure to Fe‐EDTA/H2O2, bilirubin and mesobilirubin underwent bleaching. When DES was present, bleaching was prevented and both rubins were converted into green‐coloured derivatives and then into red pigments. Trolox added with DES inhibited the colour changes induced by DES. The oxidative products were resolved from their parent compounds by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and by UV/visible spectroscopy. The green products were identified as biliverdin or mesobiliverdin; the red pigments as the 1:1 molar adduct of DES with biliverdin or mesobiliverdin, less two hydrogens in both cases. It is concluded that DES exercises its oxidative activity through nitroxyl oxidizing radicals capable of efficient hydrogen abstraction, dehydrogenating either rubin to the corresponding verdin. A diradical derivative of DES (bearing two nitroxyl radicals in the same molecule) may be involved in the oxidation of verdins to red pigments, through concerted dehydrogenation and adduct formation. These results shed further light on the redox properties of bilirubin, DES and Trolox, and their interactions. They provide further evidence of the pro‐oxidant activity of DES and suggest a more general biological significance, as rapid removal of bilirubin by bleaching or dehydrogenation may have pharmacological/toxicological implications in severe jaundice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactive desorption electrospray ionization for rapid screening of guests for supramolecular inclusion complexes
Authors: Barbara Joanna E. , Eyler John R. , Powell David H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractReactive desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), an ambient technique, has been explored as a tool for the development of a fast screening approach for supramolecular complexes capitalizing on the specificity of mass spectrometric detection. A library of twelve potential guests for inclusion by a β‐cyclodextrin host was initially screened via DESI using a spray solution incorporating the host directed toward an array of deposited guests. The steroid nortestosterone was used to verify the applicability of reactive DESI for complexation experiments with β‐cyclodextrin. Results from the DESI experiment and results from an analogous electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectral screen were compared with solution‐phase data obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The complexes detected using DESI were identical to those determined using NMR, validating the applicability of the technique to supramolecular applications, but the ESI data exhibited significant disparities, predominantly due to the interference of nonspecific artifacts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A secure radio communication system based on an efficient speech watermarking approach
Authors: Fantacci R. , Menci S. , Micciullo L. , Pierucci L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with an efficient secure communication system based on a speech watermarking approach. The main goal of the system is to efficiently support air traffic control (ATC) communications by improving safety and security of the existing ATC equipment embedding digital side information into speech signals in order to allow anautomatic identification of the talker. An implementation based on the use of the well known LPC (linear predictive coding) principle is discussed. The LPC residual is split up into voiced and unvoiced segments; while the voiced segments cross the system unmodified, the watermarking data are embedded into the unvoiced segments, spectrally similar to a white noise. The watermark signal is decoded by a very similar scheme. We provide also a statistical analysis on the unvoiced parts of the ATC communications that demonstrates the system feasibility. In addition to this, an optimization of the entire system has been also performed to increase performance. The obtained results highlight that the watermark data are nearly imperceptible and providea data channel with rate from 2000 to 5000 kbits/s, withhigh robustness to channel noise; the system requires only modular, low‐cost and easy‐to‐install encoders and decoders, maintaining compatibility with legacy RF DSB‐AM transceivers. Moreover, it is well suited both for the actual 25 kHz RF channels and for the new 8.33 kHz European RF channels. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A run‐based procedure to identify time‐lagged gene clusters in microarray experiments
Authors: Mathur Sunil K. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMotivation: The analysis of gene‐expression data obtained from microarray experiments can be useful to identify regulatory relationship between genes. Genes with a common functional role have similar expression patterns across different microarray experiments. These similar expression patterns are perhaps due to co‐regulation of genes in the same functional group. Most of the existing methods available for the identification of the regulatory relationships are either made for comparing two genes at a time or methods are not computationally efficient in the identification of the regulatory relationships. The procedures adopted by these methods do not use complete information contained in the data set. In this paper, we propose a statistical procedure, which will use the information contained in the data set to cluster genes that show similar patterns. The proposed procedure compares several genes at a time instead of pair‐wise comparisons as done in some of the other procedures. The proposed procedure provides gene clusters based on time‐lagged data sets with more details. The proposed method provides a numerical value that would facilitate in comparing different sets of data obtained from different expressions. It also provides the identification of the gene involved and the time point at which the observation is made so that proper medicine can be developed for the gene‐specific and time‐specific disease.Results: We applied the proposed procedure on the Spellman data set (Mol. Biol. Cell 1998; 9(12): 3273–3297) and compared our procedure with some of the other existing procedures. We found that our procedure is more computationally efficient than Ji and Tan (Bioinformatics 2005; 21:509–516), event method and edge detection procedures. The proposed procedure also provides more details about the clusters than Ji and Tan (Bioinformatics 2005; 21:509–516), event method and edge detection procedures. The proposed procedure is really simple to apply as compared with other available procedures in the literature including Ji and Tan (Bioinformatics 2005; 21:509–516), event method and edge detection procedures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preoperative Biliary Drainage Increases Infectious Complications after Hepatectomy for Proximal Bile Duct Tumor Obstruction
Authors: Ferrero Alessandro , Lo Tesoriere Roberto , Viganò Luca , Caggiano Luisa , Sgotto Enrico , Capussotti Lorenzo 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe role of preoperative biliary drainage before liver resection in jaundiced patients remains controversial. The objective of this study is to compare the perioperative outcome of liver resection for carcinoma involving the proximal bile duct in jaundiced patients with and without preoperative biliary drainage.MethodsSeventy‐four consecutive jaundiced patients underwent hepatectomy for carcinoma involving the proximal bile duct from January 1989 to June 2006 and their data were retrospectively analyzed. Fourteen patients underwent biliary drainage before portal vein embolization and were excluded from the study. Thirty patients underwent biliary drainage before hepatectomy and 30 underwent liver resection without preoperative biliary drainage. All patients underwent resection of the extrahepatic bile duct.ResultsOverall mortality and operative morbidity were similar in the two groups (3% vs. 10%, p = 0.612 and 70% vs. 63%, p = 0.583, respectively). The incidence of noninfectious complications was similar in the two groups. There was no difference in hospital stay between the two groups. Patients with preoperative biliary drainage had a significantly higher rate of infectious complications (40% vs. 17%, p = 0.044). At multivariate analysis, preoperative biliary drainage was the only independent risk factor for infectious complication in the postoperative course (RR = 4.411, 95%CI = 1.216‐16.002, p = 0.024). Even considering patients with preoperative biliary drainage in whom the bilirubin level went below 5 mg/dl, the risk of infectious complications was higher compared with patients without biliary drainage (47.6% vs. 16.6%, p = 0.017).ConclusionsOverall mortality and morbidity after liver resection are not improved by preoperative biliary drainage in jaundiced patients. Prehepatectomy biliary drainage increases the incidence of infectious complications.
The Antiproliferative Effect of EPA in HL60 Cells is Mediated by Alterations in Calcium Homeostasis
Authors: Slagsvold Jens Erik , Pettersen Caroline Hild Hakvåg , Follestad Turid , Krokan Hans Einar , Schønberg Svanhild Arentz 
Published: November 2008

AbstractStudies show that n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Recent reports indicate that this effect is due to activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, what causes this activation has been unclear. We examined the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on the human leukemia cell line HL60 and the econazole (Ec) resistant HL60 clone E2R2. Ec depletes Ca2+ from the ER and blocks Ca2+ influx in mammalian cells, leading to activation of the UPR and apoptosis. EPA inhibited growth of HL60 cells strongly, while E2R2 cells were much less affected. Gene expression analysis of HL60 cells revealed extensive changes in transcripts related to the ER homeostasis, Ca2+‐homeostasis and cell cycle/apoptosis. Protein levels of phosphorylated eIF2α, a selective translation inhibitor and UPR hallmark, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and sequestosome‐1 were moderately increased, whereas the cell cycle/progression protein cyclin D1 was decreased in HL60. In contrast, EPA concentrations that strongly inhibited and caused activation of the UPR in HL60 cells had no effect on the expression level of these UPR markers in E2R2 cells. Given that the only known difference between these cells is Ec‐resistance, our results strongly suggest that the inhibitory effect of EPA on HL60 cells is initially meditated through alterations of the Ca2+‐homeostasis followed by activation of the UPR.
Molekulare Karyotypisierung in der klinischen Anwendung
Authors: Dufke A. , Riess O. , Bonin M. 
Published: November 2008

Zusammenfassung
In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich die Anwendung der Mikroarraytechnologie für die Detektion von putativ pathologischen submikroskopischen Copy-Number-Variationen (CNV) einen festen Platz in der molekularen Zytogenetik erobert. Neben der Identifikation somatischer CNV in der onkologischen Diagnostik wird diese Technologie nunmehr für die Analyse von konstitutionellen CNV bei Patienten mit mentaler Retardierung genutzt. Arraybasierte genomische Hybridisierungen zeigen eine deutliche Verbesserung zu der bereits seit Jahren angewendeten komparativen genomischen Hybridisierung (CGH). Insbesondere weisen die dazugehörigen Technologien eine verbesserte Auflösung von weniger als 100 kb für Deletionen und Duplikationen auf und haben damit eine deutlich bessere Aufklärungsrate von Krankheiten mit Behinderungen ungeklärter Ursache. In einigen Zentren gehört die Arraytechnologie daher bereits zur Routinetechnologie der Syndromabklärung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll deshalb auch auf die Gemeinsamkeiten bzw. Unterschiede der verschiedenen Basistechnologien der Arraytechnik eingegangen werden.
Is there a relation between hip torsion, coverage and osteoarthritis of the knee?
Authors: Hapa Onur , Muratlı Hasan Hilmi , Çakıcı Hüsamettin , Gülçek Serap , Akşahin Ertuğrul , Biçimoğlu Ali 
Published: November 2008

Purpose Biomechanic factors play a role in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis. The aim of the study was to find out whether there is a relation between femoral, acetabular anteversions, anterior, posterior acetabular coverages and primary osteoarthritis of the knee. Methods Thirty patients with primary osteoarthritis of the knee and 29 control subjects were enrolled into the study. Femoral anteversion, acetabular anteversion, McKibbin's instability index, anterior acetabular sector and posterior acetabular sector angles were measured using tomographic scanograms. Results There was no difference between groups for each parameter ( P > 0.05). Conclusion This study did not show any relationship between the axial plane changes in the hip joint and primary knee osteoarthritis.
Great toe metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis for hallux valgus deformity in ambulatory adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Bishay Sherif N. G. , El-Sherbini Mustafa H. , Lotfy Ashraf A. , Abdel-Rahman Hatem M. , Iskandar Hany N. , El-Sayed Mohsen M. 
Published: November 2008

Background Hallux valgus deformity is a common sequel of spastic cerebral palsy. Methods Twenty ambulatory patients (24 feet) suffering hallux valgus deformity, with painful forefoot and restricted footwear, secondary to spastic cerebral palsy acquired perinatally, were treated with great toe metatarsophalangeal (MTP) arthrodesis using percutaneous K-wires for fixation. The mean age at the time of surgery was 16.2 years (range 14–18 years). They were retrospectively evaluated for the results after arthrodesis at a mean interval of 3 years and 4 months (range 3–4 years) by physical examination and radiographs. Results All patients had a stable painless aligned great toe, with <10° valgus, <20° dorsiflexion and neutral rotation after arthrodesis, evidenced by improvement in pain, cosmesis, functional activity, footwear, callosities and hygiene, as well as by significant improvement in the measures of the MTP and the intermetatarsal angles (IMA) by postoperative radiographs. Neither non-union (pseudoarthrosis) nor recurrence of the deformity developed. Complications included superficial wound slough in a single case. Using the modified American Orthopaedic Foot Ankle Society (AOFAS) Hallux Metatarsophalangeal–Interphalangeal Scale, 18 feet (75%) were classified as excellent and six feet (25%) as good. Neither fair nor poor cases were recorded. Conclusion Hallux valgus deformity in adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy is best treated by great toe MTP arthrodesis to improve segmental foot malalignment and dynamic foot deviation.
AN ANSWER TO VAN MILL’S QUESTION
Authors: YANG ER-GUANG , SHI WEI-XUE 
Published: November 2008

Abstractvan Mill et al. posed in ‘Classes defined by stars and neighborhood assignments’, Topology Appl.154 (2007), 2127–2134 the following question: Is a star-compact space metrizable if it has a Gδ-diagonal? In this paper, we give a negative answer to this question.
ON WEIGHTED INEQUALITIES WITH GEOMETRIC MEAN OPERATOR
Authors: LUOR DAH-CHIN 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe give a characterization of pairs of weights for the validity of weighted inequalities involving certain generalized geometric mean operators generated by some Volterra integral operators, which include the Hardy averaging operator and the Riemann–Liouville integral operators. The estimations of the constants are also discussed. Our results generalize the work done by J. A. Cochran, C.-S. Lee, H. P. Heinig, B. Opic, P. Gurka, and L. Pick.