bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Water Sources and Precipitation Recycling for the MacKenzie, Mississippi, and Amazon River Basins
Authors: Bosilovich Michael G. , Chern Jiun-Dar 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
An atmospheric general circulation model simulation for 1948–97 of the water budgets for the MacKenzie, Mississippi, and Amazon River basins is presented. In addition to the water budget, passive tracers are included to identify the geographic sources of water for the basins, and the analysis focuses on the mechanisms contributing to precipitation recycling in each basin. While each basin’s precipitation recycling has a strong dependency on evaporation during the mean annual cycle, the interannual variability of the recycling shows important relationships with the atmospheric circulation. The MacKenzie River basin recycling has only a weak interannual correspondence with evaporation, where the variations in zonal moisture transport from the Pacific Ocean can affect the basin water cycle. On the other hand, the Mississippi River basin precipitation and recycling have strong interannual correlation on evaporation. The evaporation is related to the moist and shallow planetary boundary layer that provides moisture for convection at the cloud base. At global scales, high precipitation recycling is also found to be partly correlated to warm SSTs in the tropical Pacific Ocean. The Amazon River basin evaporation exhibits small interannual variations, so the interannual variations of precipitation recycling are related to atmospheric moisture transport from the tropical South Atlantic Ocean. Increasing SSTs over the 50-yr period are causing increased easterly transport across the basin. As moisture transport increases, the Amazon precipitation recycling decreases (without real-time varying vegetation changes). In addition, precipitation recycling from a bulk diagnostic method is compared to the passive tracer method used in the analysis. While the mean values of the different recycling methods are different, the interannual variations are comparable between each method. The methods also exhibit similar relationships to the terms of the basin-scale water budgets.
Gene-expression profiling of Waldenström macroglobulinemia reveals a phenotype more similar to chronic lymphocytic leukemia than multiple myeloma
Authors: Chng Wee J. , Schop Roelandt F. , Price-Troska Tammy , Ghobrial Irene , Kay Neil , Jelinek Diane F. , Gertz Morie A. , Dispenzieri Angela , Lacy Martha , Kyle Robert A. , Greipp Philip R. , Tschumper Renee C. , Fonseca Rafael , Bergsagel Peter Leif 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWaldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by the ability of the B-cell clone to differentiate into plasma cells. Although the clinical syndrome and the pathologic characteristics are well defined, little is known about its biology and controversy still exists regarding its cell of origin. In this gene-expression study, we compared the transcription profiles of WM with those of other malignant B cells including (chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL] and multiple myeloma [MM]) as well as normal cells (peripheral-blood B cells and bone marrow plasma cells). We found that WM has a homogenous gene expression regardless of 6q deletion status and clusters with CLL and normal B cells on unsupervised clustering with very similar expression profiles. Only a small gene set has expression profiles unique to WM compared to CLL and MM. The most significantly up-regulated gene is IL6 and the most significantly associated pathway for this set of genes is MAPK signaling. Thus, IL6 and its downstream signaling may be of biologic importance in WM. Further elucidation of the role of IL-6 in WM is warranted as this may offer a potential therapeutic avenue.
Enhanced susceptibility to arterial thrombosis in a murine model of hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Dayal Sanjana , Wilson Katina M. , Leo Lorie , Arning Erland , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Lentz Steven R. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for thrombosis, but the mechanisms are not well defined. We tested the hypothesis that hyperhomocysteinemia accelerates arterial thrombosis in mice. Mice heterozygous for a targeted disruption of the cystathionine β-synthase gene (Cbs+/–) and wild-type littermates (Cbs+/+) were fed either a control diet or a high methionine/low folate (HM/LF) diet for 6 to 8 months to produce graded hyperhomocysteinemia. The time to occlusion of the carotid artery after photochemical injury was shortened by more than 50% in Cbs+/+ or Cbs+/– mice fed the HM/LF diet (P < .001 versus control diet). Carotid artery thrombosis was not accelerated in mice deficient in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Nos3), which suggests that decreased endothelium-derived nitric oxide is not a sufficient mechanism for enhancement of thrombosis. Cbs+/+ and Cbs+/– mice fed the HM/LF diet had elevated levels of reactive oxygen species in the carotid artery, increased aortic expression of the NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit, Nox4, and decreased activation of anticoagulant protein C in the aorta (P < .05 versus control diet). We conclude that hyperhomocysteinemia enhances susceptibility to arterial thrombosis through a mechanism that is not caused by loss of endothelium-derived nitric oxide but may involve oxidative stress and impairment of the protein C anticoagulant pathway.
Non-side-population hematopoietic stem cells in mouse bone marrow
Authors: Morita Yohei , Ema Hideo , Yamazaki Satoshi , Nakauchi Hiromitsu 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMost hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are assumed to reside in the so-called side population (SP) in adult mouse bone marrow (BM). We report the coexistence of non-SP HSCs that do not significantly differ from SP HSCs in numbers, capacities, and cell-cycle states. When stained with Hoechst 33342 dye, the CD34-/low c-Kit+Sca-1+lineage marker- (CD34-KSL) cell population, highly enriched in mouse HSCs, was almost equally divided into the SP and the main population (MP) that represents non-SP cells. Competitive repopulation assays with single or 30 SP- or MP-CD34-KSL cells found similar degrees of repopulating activity and frequencies of repopulating cells for these populations. Secondary transplantation detected self-renewal capacity in both populations. SP analysis of BM cells from primary recipient mice suggested that the SP and MP phenotypes are interconvertible. Cell-cycle analyses revealed that CD34-KSL cells were in a quiescent state and showed uniform cell-cycle kinetics, regardless of whether they were in the SP or MP. Bcrp-1 expression was similarly detected in SP- and MP-CD34-KSL cells, suggesting that the SP phenotype is regulated not only by Bcrp-1, but also by other factors. The SP phenotype does not specify all HSCs; its identity with stem cell function thus is unlikely.
Marked increased risk of Epstein-Barr virus-related complications with the addition of antithymocyte globulin to a nonmyeloablative conditioning prior to unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation
Authors: Brunstein Claudio G. , Weisdorf Daniel J. , DeFor Todd , Barker Juliet N. , Tolar Jakub , van Burik Jo-Anne H. , Wagner John E. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractUmbilical cord blood (UCB) is increasingly used as an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation for patients who lack a suitable sibling donor. Despite concerns about a possible increased risk of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) after UCB transplantation, early reports documented rates of PTLD comparable to those reported after HLA-matched unrelated marrow myeloablative (MA) transplantations. To further investigate the incidence of EBV PTLD after UCB transplantation and potential risk factors, we evaluated the incidence of EBV-related complications in 335 patients undergoing UCB transplantation with an MA or nonmyeloablative (NMA) preparative regimen. The incidence of EBV-related complications was a 4.5% overall, 3.3% for MA transplantations, and 7% for NMA transplantations. However, the incidence of EBV-related complications was significantly higher in a subset of patients treated with an NMA preparative regimen that included antithymocyte globulin (ATG) versus those that did not (21% vs 2%; P < .01). Nine of 11 patients who developed EBV PTLD were treated with rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody), with the 5 responders being alive and disease free at a median of 26 months. Use of ATG in recipients of an NMA preparative regimen warrants close monitoring for evidence of EBV reactivation and potentially preemptive therapy with rituximab.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels in the Spontaneous Menstrual Cycle Do Not Show Substantial Fluctuation
Authors: Hehenkamp Wouter J. K. , Looman Caspar W. N. , Themmen Axel P. N. , de Jong Frank H. , te Velde E. R. , Broekmans Frank J. M. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Context: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a quantitative marker for ovarian reserve, has been suggested to be independent of the classical endocrine fluctuations of the menstrual cycle.
Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether AMH levels are constant throughout the menstrual cycle, compared with those of FSH, LH, and estradiol.
Design/Patients: Frequent blood sampling was performed in 44 fertile, regularly cycling, female volunteers during one full menstrual cycle.
Setting: The study was conducted at a university hospital.
Main Outcome Measures: AMH, FSH, LH, and estradiol measurements were allocated to one of seven cycle phases, and a multilevel analysis was performed. Consistent fluctuation patterns were tested by fitting sine patterns to the data. Finally, the frequency in which randomly selected individual samples would remain in one of five preset level categories (quintiles) for each of the variables was studied.
Results: A sine pattern fitted to the AMH data was not statistically significant (P = 0.40). In contrast, sine patterns for FSH, LH, and estradiol were highly significant. Comparing the seven cycle phases, no significant differences could be observed between phase-specific AMH levels (P = 0.06). Repeated selection of AMH samples for each individual showed that in 71.5% of selections, AMH values remained in the same quintile, whereas in 27.9% values fell in an adjacent quintile.
Conclusions: AMH levels measured through a full menstrual cycle did not show consistent fluctuation patterns in contrast to levels of FSH, LH, and estradiol. Furthermore, random fluctuations were small, indicating that AMH can be relied on as a cycle-independent marker for ovarian reserve.
The Effect of Androgen Blockade on Granulosa Cell Estradiol Production after Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Stimulation in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Mehta Rinku V. , Malcom Pamela J. , Chang R. Jeffrey 
Published: June 2006

AbstractContext: Previously, we have shown that women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit an exaggerated serum estradiol (E2) response to recombinant human FSH (rhFSH) (150 IU) compared with similarly treated normal women. This enhanced granulosa cell responsiveness is consistent with excessive follicular development after gonadotropin therapy and the corresponding risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. In vitro studies have shown that granulosa cells treated with androgens display greater FSH-induced E2 production than untreated cells, suggesting a role for androgens in granulosa cell responsiveness.Main Objective: This study was conducted to determine whether blockade of androgen action in PCOS women by administration of the antiandrogen flutamide would alter E2 responses to rhFSH.Design: We conducted a prospective cohort study.Subjects and Setting: We studied 11 women with PCOS at an institutional general clinical research center.Intervention: On study d 1, each subject received 150 IU rhFSH iv. Frequent blood samples were obtained over 24 h. After completion of rhFSH stimulation, each subject was treated with flutamide, 125 mg, twice daily, for 6 wk. Thereafter, the rhFSH stimulation test was repeated.Main Outcome Measures: Baseline and stimulated E2 levels before and after treatment were assayed.Results: Mean baseline and maximally stimulated E2, integrated E2 response, and fold change in E2 were not different before and after treatment. Levels of testosterone, androstenedione, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, estrone, and SHBG before and after treatment were unchanged. Baseline dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels declined significantly after flutamide therapy.Conclusion: These findings indicate that in women with PCOS, the E2 hyperresponsiveness to FSH may not be attributable to increased circulating androgens.
A Constitutively Active Mutant of the Human Lutropin Receptor (hLHR-L457R) Escapes Lysosomal Targeting and Degradation
Authors: Galet Colette , Ascoli Mario 
Published: June 2006

AbstractUsing biochemical and imaging approaches, we examined the postendocytotic fate of the complex formed by human choriogonadotropin (hCG) and a constitutively active mutant of the human lutropin receptor (hLHR-L457R) found in a boy with precocious puberty and Leydig cell hyperplasia. After internalization, some of the complex formed by the hLHR-wild type (hLHR-wt) and hCG recycles to the cell surface, and some is found in lysosomes where the hormone is degraded. In contrast, the complex formed by the hLHR-L457R and hCG is not routed to the lysosomes, most of it is recycled to the cell surface and hormone degradation is barely detectable. For both, hLHR-wt and -L457R, there is an hCG-induced loss of cell surface receptors that accompanies internalization but this loss cannot be prevented by leupeptin. The removal of recycling motifs of the hLHR by truncation of the C-terminal tail at residue 682 greatly enhances the lysosomal accumulation of the hormone-receptor complexes formed by the hLHR-wt or the L457R mutant, the degradation of the internalized hormone, and the loss of cell surface receptors. The degradation of the hormone internalized by these mutants as well as the loss of cell surface receptors is largely prevented by leupeptin. These results highlight a previously unrecognized complexity in the postendocytotic trafficking of the hLHR and document a clear difference between the properties of the constitutively active mutant and the agonist-activated hLHR-wt. This lack of lysosomal degradation of the L457R mutant could contribute to its constitutive activity by prolonging the duration of signaling.
A New Way for Efficient Catalysis by Using Low Valent Ruthenium Complexes as Redox Lewis Acid and Base Catalysts
Authors: Murahashi Shun-Ichi , Naota Takeshi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Low valent ruthenium hydride complexes are excellent catalysts which act as either redox Lewis acid or base catalysts. Nitriles are substrates which have strong coordination ability towards transition metals, so new types of catalytic transformations of nitriles have been explored using these catalysts. As redox Lewis acid catalysts, hydration of nitriles, amidation of amines, and esterification of alcohols with nitriles can be achieved. The same catalyst can be used for direct formation of carbon nucleophiles by C–H activation of pronucleophiles, such as nitriles and carbonyl compounds, hence catalytic aldol-type reactions and Michael-type additions can be performed under neutral and mild conditions.
Deuterium-Induced Isotope Effects of a C–H···Se “Hydrogen Bond” on the IR and NMR Spectra of 6H,12H-Dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diselenocin
Authors: Iwaoka Michio , Komatsu Hiroto , Tomoda Shuji 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Deuterium-induced isotope effects of the C–H···Se nonbonded interaction of 6H,12H-dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diselenocin (1) were investigated. The IR spectroscopic behavior of 6H,12H-dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diselenocin-6,6,12,12-d4 (1-d4) was compared with that of the reference compound (benzyl-α,α-d2 phenyl selenide (2-d2)). The results for both boat (1B) and chair (1C) conformers of 1 indicated that the C–H···Se interaction causes the decrease in the low wavenumber shift of ν1 (Δν1 = −2 cm−1 for 1B-d4 and −12 cm−1 for 1C-d4, whereas Δν1 = −15 cm−1 for 1B and −52 cm−1 for 1C). The 77Se NMR showed the upfield isotope shift due to the through-space C–H···Se interaction (ΔΔδ = 0.44 ppm for 1B and 0.25 ppm for 1C). These findings clearly suggested that the interaction is attractive in nature. MO calculations at the HF/3-21G* level and NBO analysis showed the importance of the electron delocalization from the selenium lone pair to the antibonding orbital of the C–H bond. These observations strongly suggested that the interaction be called a C–H···Se hydrogen bond.
Rotational Behavior of N-(2-Naphthylmethyl)carbazole in a 1,2-Dichloroethane/Poly(ethylene oxide) Mixture Measured by a Time-Resolved Fluorescence Depolarization Method
Authors: Tsunomori Fumiaki , Ushiki Hideharu 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Stationary and nanosecond time-resolved fluorescence depolarization spectroscopy has been used to detect the rotational behavior of N-(2-naphthylmethyl)carbazole as a function of the solvent viscosity. The variation in the viscosity was effected by the addition of poly(ethylene oxide), and the range of the variation was 0.78 N m−2 s−1 to 33 × 10−3 N m−2 s−1. The viscosity dependence of the rotational diffusion coefficient (Dr) in the high-viscosity region was different from that in the low viscosity region. Radii of gyration of N-(2-naphtylmethyl)carbazole in the low and high viscosity regions were about 8 and 4 Å, respectively. The former agrees with the total size of N-(2-naphthylmethyl)carbazole, and the latter with the size of the cabazolyl group. The crossover point of the rotational motion of N-(2-naphthylmethyl)carbazole was at a concentration of 0.6 g ml−1 of poly(ethylene oxide), which coincided with the overlap concentration of poly(ethylene oxide) molecules. Therefore, the rotational mode of N-(2-naphthylmethyl)carbazole varies from the whole to the carbazolyl group by the addition of poly(ethylene oxide).
Dielectric Study Concerning the Dynamics of Water in Artificial Stratum Corneum Lipids
Authors: Mizushima Hiromoto , Naito Satoru 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The dielectric properties were studied on an artificial stratum corneum lipids–water system, consisting of a pseudo-ceramide, stearic acid, cholesterol, and water, by using time-domain reflectometry. Two relaxation processes were found in the lipid mixtures of pseudo-ceramide/stearic acid (1/1 mole ratio)/cholesterol–water (10 wt%), over a frequency range of 107—1010 Hz. The high-frequency relaxation peaks, located at around 7—16 GHz, were attributed to free water relaxation. The low-frequency processes were observed around 500—900 MHz, and were concluded to be due to bound water relaxation in the lipid matrix, judging from the relaxation time. Upon increasing the cholesterol concentration, a progressive increase of the relaxation strength of free water appeared, whereas that of bound water decreased. In this system, the incorporation of cholesterol was found to decrease the entropy changes by melting, which reflected the disorder of the arrangement of the lipid molecules. Therefore, changes in the dielectric properties, due to an increase in cholesterol, would be associated with the structural changes of lipids.
Theoretical Study of the Ionized Electronic Structure of the Octahedral Complex MoF6
Authors: Morita Hiroshi , Nakai Hiromi , Tomasello Pasquale , Nakatsuji Hiroshi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The SAC (symmetry adapted cluster) and SAC-CI (SAC-configuration interaction) theories were used to calculate the ground and ionized states of MoF6. Compared with the results of previous theoretical studies, the present SAC-CI results are in good agreement with experimental data. We clearly show the effects of the electron correlation and ligand-polarization functions. In this molecule, the ligand polarization even affects the HF orbitals. These polarization functions make the electron density of the ligands expand toward the central metal, which leads not only to a stabilization of the total energy, but also to a destabilization of the valence orbital energies. These changes can be explained by changes in the one- and two-electron integrals. On the other hand, the correlation effect makes the electron density of the ligands expand outwards. This is an inverse effect of the polarization functions.
The Electronic Spectra of Ethylene
Authors: Ballard Charles C , Hada Masahiko , Nakatsuji Hiroshi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The SAC (Symmetry Adapted Cluster) and SAC-CI methods have been applied to the calculation of the valence and Rydberg electronic states of ethylene using large basis sets. Three singlet valence states are computed to lie below 10 eV: the V(1B1u) state and the σπ* 21B1g and 21B1g states. The excitation energies obtained for the low-lying Rydberg states are in excellent agreement with experiment, for the most part within 0.1 eV. The assignment of the 3R band to two Rydberg transitions is confirmed.
Extraction of Magnesia from Egyptian Serpentine Ore via Reaction with Different Acids. I. Reaction with Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Fouda Mohamed Fikry Ragai , Amin Rawhya El-Sayed , Abd-Elzaher Mokhles Mohamed 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The present study is concerned with the effectiveness of use of local Egyptian serpentine ore for production of magnesium sulfate. An investigation of the ore composition was carried out by means of X-ray diffractometry and chemical analysis. The reaction of sulfuric acid with the ore was studied at different leach parameters under laboratory conditions for the uncalcined and calcined ore. The dissolution rate constants of magnesia were determined by the analysis of the experimental data. The resultant activation energy of reaction between the acid and the studied ore was lower than the values reported previously. This result is discussed in terms of structural changes of serpentine during the calcination of ore which may affect its reactivity towards acids. The high yield of magnesia extraction from the ore emphasizes the possibility of exploitation of the ore in the preparation of sulfate salt with a lower price.
Extraction of Magnesia from Egyptian Serpentine Ore via Reaction with Different Acids. II. Reaction with Nitric and Acetic Acids
Authors: Fouda Mohamed Fikry Ragai , Amin Rawhya El-Sayed , Abd-Elzaher Mokhles Mohamed 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The results of a kinetic study of the dissolution of magnesia from Egyptian serpentine ore with nitric and acetic acids are presented. The effects on the magnesia dissolution of (a) temperature ranging from 30 to 105 °C, (b) time ranging from 2.5 min to several days, and (c) molal ratios between one of the acids and MgO in the ore ranging from 4.42 to 3.86, are presented. From the analysis of the dissolution rate on the basis of a core model, it was found that dissolution rate of MgO could be well expressed by a rate equation based on the rate-limiting step of the surface chemical reaction. The apparent activation energies were ca. 17.4 and 8.3 kcal mol−1 for nitric and acetic acid respectively.
The high activation energy of reaction with nitric acid was found to be associated with relatively higher values of activation entropy (ΔS* = −19.5 cal mol−1 K−1), whereas the relatively low activation energy of reaction with acetic acid is associated with negative values of entropy of activation (ΔS* = −44.3 cal mol−1 K−1). The values of the latter parameter indicated that their values are related to the complexing affinity of magnesium cation towards acid anion. Thus, the values of entropy of activation are the predominant factor for the reaction between the ore and studied acids.