bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and neurological characteristics of aortic thromboembolism in dogs
Authors: Gonçalves R. , Penderis J. , Chang Y. P. , Zoia A. , Mosley J. , Anderson T. J. 
Published: March 2008

Objectives:To characterise the clinical presentation and neurological abnormalities in dogs affected by aortic thromboembolism.Methods:The medical records of 13 dogs diagnosed with aortic thromboembolism as the cause of the clinical signs, and where a complete neurological examination was performed, were reviewed retrospectively.Results:The onset was acute in only four dogs, chronic in five dogs (with all of these presenting as exercise intolerance) or chronic with acute deterioration in four dogs. Dogs with an acute onset of clinical signs were more severely affected exhibiting neurological deficits, while dogs with a chronic onset of disease predominantly presented with the exercise intolerance and minimal deficits. The locomotor deficits included exercise intolerance with pelvic limb weakness (five of 13), pelvic limb ataxia (one of 13), monoparesis (two of 13), paraparesis (two of 13), non‐ambulatory paraparesis (two of 13) and paraplegia (one of 13). There was an apparent male predisposition and the cavalier King charles spaniel was overrepresented.ClinicalSignificance:The rate of onset of clinical signs appears to segregate dogs affected by aortic thromboembolism into two groups, with different clinical characteristics and outcomes. Dogs with an acute onset of the clinical signs tend to be more severely affected, while dogs with a chronic onset predominantly present with exercise intolerance. It is therefore important to consider aortic thromboembolism as a differential diagnosis in dogs with an acute onset of pelvic limb neurological deficits and in dogs with longer standing exercise intolerance.
OVINE PREGNANCY TOXAEMIA. III. Further Evidence of the Correlation of Depth of Hypoglycaemia and Induction of Symptoms
Authors: McClymont G. L. , Setchell B. P. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.Two further instances are presented of significantly lower blood glucose levels in underfed and fasted pregnant ewes which developed pregnancy toxaemia, in comparison with those that remained normal. There was no significant difference in blood ketone levels.A high rate of spontaneous recovery, despite continued fasting, but associated with an increased blood glucose level, provides further evidence of the reversability of the encephalopathy of pregnancy toxaemia in early cases.It is considered that the data provide additional support for the tentative identification of pregnancy toxaemia as a hypoglycaemic encephalopathy.
EXPERIENCES DURING THE FIRST EIGHT WEEKS OF LIFE OF HYPAR PIGLETS
Authors: Henry D. P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAn account is given of the rearing of 74 out of 104 (71%) HYPAR (hysterectomy procured artificially reared) piglets to the age of eight weeks. The classical hysterectomy hood (Young and Underdahl 1953) was used; and the piglets spent approximately two weeks in a newly designed constant temperature air‐conditioned rearing chamber where 82.6% survived. Descriptions follow of the piglets' diet, the methods ensuring initial sterility, and the growth performance and feed conversion of the piglets from two to eight weeks. The heaviest losses occurred after removal from the rearing chamber. It is suggested that factors related to this are low body weight and evaporative cooling. If piglets weigh at least 5 lb before entering a free environment, and remain warm and dry, they are likely to survive.
CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF BORDER LEICESTER RAMS NATURALLY INFECTED WITH ACTINOBACILLVS SEMINIS
Authors: Baynes I. D. , Simmons G. C. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryClinical examination of 31 rams with evidence of Actinobacillus seminis infection revealed 15 cases with marked lesions of the scrotal contents, two cases with very mild lesions, one with testicular atrophy but no abnormality of the epididymides, and another 13 without any palpable abnormalities of the genitalia. The rams were from a Border Leicester flock and included 27 un‐mated rams from 6 to 12 months old.Histological examinations of affected epididymides showed a mixed purulent and non‐purulent inflammation, with cystic hyperplasia of the ductus epididymis. Interstitial fibrosis and spermatic granulomas were seen in chronic lesions. Bilateral testicular atrophy and seminal degeneration were found in the nine rams that were autopsied. The clinical and pathological features of the disease are similar to those of ovine brucellosis. A pyelonephritis of unknown significance was found in four of the nine rams examined.
SCROTAL ABNORMALITIES IN RAMS IN TROPICAL QUEENSLAND WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO OVINE BRUCELLOSIS AND ITS CONTROL
Authors: Murray R. M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryClinical conditions affecting the reproductive organs were found affecting 17.2% of 2,332 rams. The following conditions were found: epididytimis 69.4%, atrophy 15.4%, varicocoele 9.5%, hernia 2.9%, cryptorchidism 1.2%, and hydrocoele 1.5%. The incidence of Brucella ovis antibodies as determined by the CF test in 2,332 rams from 12 flocks in north western Queensland was found to be 18.3%.The age distribution of ovine brucellosis among 1,772 rams whose ages were known was as follows: 1 year 2.1%, 2 years 10.4%, 3 years 15.9%, 4–7 years 21.8%, and over 7 years 24.4%. The age incidence of all the various clinical conditions as they affected the 1,772 rams was: 1 year 3.6%, 2 years 8.4%, 3 years 13.1%, 4–7 years 28.4%, and over 7 years 27.9%.Control of brucellosis in two flocks is reported and a possible means of control of this disease in Queensland is discussed.
THE BACTERIOLOGY OF CERVICAL MUCUS OF EWES AT OESTRUS FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH FLUORO‐PROGESTAGEN IMPREGNATED INTRAVAGINAL SPONGES
Authors: Quinlivan T. D. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe presence of an intravaginal sponge impregnated with the fluoro‐progestagen is responsible for an alteration in the bacterial flora of cervical mucus of the ewe at the first oestrus following withdrawal. There is an increase in the number of coliform organisms, specifically E. coli, Alcaligenes spp and other Gram negative bacteria, and C. pyogenes, probably through contamination of the string by facees and urine and the actual presence of an intravaginal foreign body.
COBALT PELLETS AND HELZOTROPIUM EUROPAEUM POISONING IN PENNED SHEEP
Authors: LANIGAN G. W. , WHITTEM J. H. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryTwenty‐five sheep in single pens were fed for up to 16 months a ration containing up to 40% (air dry weight basis) of Heliotropium europaeum.Thirteen of these sheep had two cobalt pellets administered into their rumen before commencement of feeding. The other twelve sheep constituted the control group and were not treated in any way.The sheep in both groups developed the characteristic live pathology of chronic pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis to varying degrees.The median chronic lethal oral dose of Heliotropium europaeum alkaloids for sheep was found to be 23–33 g/kg body weight, expressed as heliotrine equivalent. This is 15–20 times the established mean total lethal parenteral dose of heliotrine when chronically administered to rats.Prior administration of cobalt pellets did not reduce morbidity or mortality rate. Thus it is concluded that cobalt pellets are unlikely to be an effective prophylactic agent for sheep exposed to H. europaeum grazing.This finding is discussed in relation to present knowledge of pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolism in the rumen.
HYDATIDOSIS AND CYSTICERCOSIS — 3. INDUCED RESISTANCE TO THE LARVAL PHASE
Authors: Gemmell M. A. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryLambs from birth were reared in a tapeworm‐free environment or on pasture contaminated with eggs of Taenia hydatigena. An examination for cysts at autopsy of some of the latter at 3 months of age revealed that they had ingested eggs.Eggs of T. hydatigena and T. ovis were fed at 6 months of age to lambs reared in the tapeworm‐free environment and to some of those reared on the pasture. By comparing the number of cysts established at 9 months of age in the animals of each group, it was determined that those reared on the pasture had acquired some resistance to superinfection with T. hydatigena and infection with T. ovis.The remaining animals reared on the pasture were immunised (hyperimmunised) at 3 months of age by a parenteral injection of the eggs or embryos of T. hydatigena or T. ovis or both species. These animals were subsequently fed with the eggs of both species at 6 months of age. An examination of them for cysts at 9 months of age suggested that those immunisation procedures using the homologous organisms increased the resistance already acquired to superinfection with T. hydatigena and possibly also to that acquired to T. ovis. In addition, three of the procedures using homologous organisms appeared to induce regression of any cysts established from eggs of T. hydatigena ingested from the pasture prior to hyperimmunisation.
THE ACTION OF PHENANTHROLINE METAL CHELATES AND RELATED SUBSTANCES ON ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE AND FUSIFORMIS NODOSUS
Authors: Cade Gina , Cohen Margaret , Shulman A. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryMetal chelates, quaternary salts and hydrochlorides of 3,4,5,‐tetramethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline are bactericidal to E. rhusiopathiae and F. nodosus; for the metal chelates, the rank order of speed of bactericidal action against E. rhusiopathiae is Cu(II) > Fe(Ii) = Ni(II) ≥ Ru(II) > Zn(II) > Mn(II) = Co(II). E. rhusiopathiae does not develop significant resistance to the Cu(II) chelate. The unusual susceptibility of F. nodosus to the Co(II) chelate and the possible uses of such metal chelates in veterinary practice are discussed.
PRENATAL LOSSES IN BORDER LEICESTER‐MERINO CROSS EWES IN VICTORIA
Authors: Cannon D. J. , Bath J. G. 
Published: March 2008

SummarySystematic observations of the incidence of failure to mate, return to service, failure to lamb, and twin births in Border Leicester X Merino ewes were made in north eastern Victoria on 1,276 maiden ewes of five flocks and on 193–138 ewes of one of these flocks in a further six consecutive years.Almost all ewes mated when joined with rams in summer, and of these 80–97% lambed and 3–17% bore twins. Mean minimum wastage of ova varied from 9 to 35% in the different flocks. More twins were born to older ewes, but in other aspects of reproductive performance there was little difference between maiden and older ewes.
RUPTURED BILE DUCT IN A DOG
Authors: Watson A. D. J. , Porges W. L. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryTraumatic rupture of the bile duct was diagnosed in a dog which showed depression, anorexia, loss of weight and abdominal distension two weeks after a road accident. The diagnosis was indicated by the finding of a bilestained inflammatory exudate in the abdomen.
INTENSIVE BEEF PRODUCTION FROM SORGHUM GRAIN The Effects of Quality of Roughage, Supplementation with Tallow and Minerals and Level of Dietary Nitrogen
Authors: Gartner R. J. W. , O'Rourke P. K. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA 23 factorial design was used to examine the following treatments on the finishing of steers fed diets of 90% sorghum grain and 10% roughage: cottonseed hulls v. lucerne as the roughage component; nil v. 3% tallow; free‐choice supplements of (a) sodium chloride, (b) 50/50 mixture of sodium chloride and rock phosphate, and (c) soil; a decrease in the crude protein level of the diet from 14 to 11% after body weight exceeded 350 kg.Nine groups, each of 10 Shorthorn steers aged between 12 and 15 months, of an initial mean shrunk liveweight of 215.8 ± SE 0.35 kg were used. Individual steers were slaughtered either at 390 kg liveweight or after 177 days.The mean growth rate was significantly higher in steers receiving cottonseed hulls than in those fed lucerne (1.27 v. 1.13 kg/day) and was significantly higher in those receiving tallow treatments than in those without tallow (1.28 v. 1.12 kg/day). Steers receiving 14% crude protein throughout showed an increased rate of carcase weight gain of 0.059 kg/day compared with steers receiving 11% from 350 kg body weight. The supplements had no effect on performance.The overall mean carcase weight gain and dressing percentage were 0.68 kg/day and 59.0%, respectively.Feed conversion (dry matter) was lower in steers receiving tallow than in those not receiving tallow (5.3 v. 6.3).Steers fed lucerne exhibited intermittent mild to moderate bloat which did not require treatment.
AN OUTBREAK OF ANAL FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS IN COWS FOLLOWING RECTAL EXAMINATIONS
Authors: Tweddle N. E. , White W. E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY An outbreak of fibropapillomatosis following rectal examination for pregnancy and involving the anus and to a lesser extent the rectum in a herd of beef heifers in western Victoria is described.Almost half the herd were involved at one time; most lesions regressed within the following 16 weeks. Lesions varied from 0.2 mm diameter polyps up to large multiple lesions up to 7 times 5 × 2 cm with a broad base.The presence of lesions did not affect the body condition or health of the animals.
SYNCHRONISATION OF OESTRUS IN BEEF CATTLE ARTIFICIAL BREEDING PROGRAMS USING PROSTAGLANDIN F2α
Authors: DONALDSON L. E. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryPGF2α either as a subcutaneous injection (8 or 10 mg) or intrauterine infusion (dose 5 mg) successfully synchronised oestrus in beef cattle AI programs. The beef cattle programs were managed by 1 of the following 2 systems.

Two 10‐day insemination periods, 1 for the first and the second for the repeat inseminations. Oestrus was detected and oestrus cows inseminated for the first 4 days of the first period. On the fifth day all cows not inseminated were treated with PGF2α. The treated cattle came into oestrus and were inseminated over the following 2 to 5 days.
Two PGF2α treatments 10 days apart followed by two 4‐day insemination periods. During the first 4‐day period, cows exhibiting synchronised oestrus were inseminated. Cows returning to oestrus were inseminated during the second 4‐day period, about 18 days after the first period.

Synchronisation of oestrus was not sharp, oestrus being distributed over 7 days, with the majority of cows being in oestrus on the third (42.3%) and fourth (22.4%) days. The route of administration of PGF2α (injection or infusion) did not effect oestrus synchronisation. PGF2α by either route of administration did not effect the fertility of cows inseminated at either the synchronised or subsequent oestrus.Pregnancy rates at the synchronised oestrus were higher when cows were inseminated after detection of oestrus than when they were inseminated without reference to oestrus at a fixed time 3 days after PGF2α treatment (mass injection).Oestrus synchronisation greatly reduced the input of time, labour and feed required during the total program. However, oestrus synchronisation did not alter the overall efficiency of artificial breeding programs measured in terms of the proportion of cattle entering a program that were inseminated and became pregnant.The main problem encountered was drug wastage through unknowingly treating cows and heifers that were not cycling.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF HERPES VIRUS FROM TURKEYS
Authors: Prasad L. B. M. , Spradbrow P. B. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY: Turkey herpesvirus (HVT) was isolated from the kidneys of 6 of 8 turkey poults from two flocks. The isolates were identified by syncytial‐type of cytopathology, inhibition of plaque formation by 5‐bromodeoxyuridine, formation of Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions in cell cultures, and presence of herpes‐type virions in negatively stained preparations and thin sections of infected cell cultures. One of these isolates inoculated into chickens proved apathogenic over an observation period of 10 weeks.Indirect immunofluorescence and serum neutralisation tests revealed serological relationship between these isolates and the strain NSW 1/70 of HVT. Staining of HVT‐infected cell culture by Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDHV) antiserum showed intranuclear fluorescence but attempts to prepare HVT precipitating antigen or to demonstrate cross‐precipitation between HVT and MDHV were unsuccessful.
THE ANTHELMINTIC EFFICACY OF NON‐BENZIMIDAZOLE ANTHELMINTICS AGAINST BENZIMIDAZOLE RESISTANT STRAINS OF HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS AND TRICHOSTRONGYLUS COLUBRIFORMIS IN SHEEP
Authors: Campbell N. J. , Hall C. A. , Kelly J. D. , Martin I. C. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The anthelmintic efficacy of 6 non‐benzimidazole compounds and thiabendazole against standardised, benzimidazole resistant strains of H. contortus and T. colubriformis in sheep was determined using a controlled test. All compounds were administered intraruminally at their recommended therapeutic dose rates and 4 of the compounds were also assessed at half their recommended therapeutic dose rates.Levimisole at a dose of 6.4 mg/kg body weight, morantl at 4.4 ***mq/kq and 8.8 ***mq/kq. naphthalophos at 6.25 mg/kg and 12.5 mg/kg, rafoxanide at 7.5 mg/kg and phenothiazine at 530 mg/kg were 98% or more effective in removing adult infections of benzimidazole resistant H. contortus. Rafoxanide at 3.75 mg/kg, phenothiazine at 265 mg/kg and carbon tetrachloride at 0.25 ml/kg were less effective, removing 80%, 73% and 72% respectively of the ben‐zimidazole resistant H. contortus worm burdens.Against the benzimidazole resistant T. colubriformis levamisole at 6.4 mg/kg, and morantel at 4.4 mg/kg and 8.8 mg/kg removed 99%, 68% and 86% respectively of the adult infections. All other anthelmintics had little or no efficacy at the dose rates tested. Thiaben‐dazole at 44 mg/kg had no significant effect against these strains of H. contortus and T. colubriformis.Several non‐benzimidazole anthelmintics have shown high efficacy in this experiment and should be suitable for treating infections with benzimidazole resistant H. contortus. Of the anthelmintics tested, only levamisole and morantel show high efficacy against benzimidazole resistant T. colubriformis.
REVERSE PHASE PASSIVE HAEMAGGLUTINATION AND SINGLE RADIAL IMMUNODIFFUSION TO DETECT EPSILON ANTIGEN OF CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS TYPE D
Authors: BEH K. J. , Buttery S.H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Two in vitro immunological assays were developed for detection of the epsilon (∈) antigen of Cl. perfringens type D. It was found that the reverse phase passive haemagglutination assay (RPHA) was able to detect concentrations of ∈‐antigen as low as 6 times 10‐7 mg/ml whereas the single radial immunodiffusion technique (SRID) was capable of detecting concentrations of ∈‐antigen above 0.01 mg/ml.When applied to gut contents from freshly dead infected sheep the RPHA test was found to be more sensitive than the mouse toxicity assay in detecting the presence of ∈‐antigen. However, very low titres were detected in gut contents from normal sheep which meant that in a diagnostic situation interpretation of RPHA titres would be difficult.No ∈‐antigen was detected by SRID in gut contents from normal sheep or in gut contents from freshly dead infected sheep. The SRID assay could detect ∈‐antigen in gut contents from infected sheep allowed to decompose for 20 h post‐mortem.
BLOOD GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN HORSES IN RELATION TO MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY AND SELENIUM NUTRITION
Authors: Caple I. W. , Edwards S. J. A. , Forsyth W. M. , Whiteley Pam , Selth R. H. , Fulton L. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe activity of glutathione peroxidase, a selenium containing enzyme, was measured in the blood of horses to determine its usefulness as an indicator of selenium status. In 15 horses the enzyme activity was positively related to the blood selenium concentration (P<.001, r ‐ 0.98) over the range of enzyme activities of 8.2 to 140 units (μmoles NADP‐oxidised/min/gHb) and selenium concentrations of 0.24 to 2.74 μmol/k1.In a group of 8 horses which 2 foals had died with lesions of muscular dystrophy the enzyme activity increased from a mean of 11.8 units before treatment with selenium to 34.5 units after 2 intravenous injections of sodium selenite given one month apart. Another group of 8 horses grazing paddocks adjacent to this affected group did not receive any selenium treatment and had a mean enzyme activity of 11.9 units.Blood glutathione peroxidase activity was measured in 50 pasture‐fed horses and 180 stallfed horses. The range of activities found (7 to 158 units) indicated that selenium intake in horses varied widely between localities. All pasture‐fed horses grazing areas where muscular dystrophy had occurred in foals had low activities (less than 20 units). In stall‐fed horses the enzyme activity was influenced by selenium treatment, and horses which had been treated usually had higher activities than horses in the same stable with no history of selenium treatment. It was concluded that blood glutathione peroxidase is a suitable indicator of selenium status in horses.
HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE IN NEW BORN CALVES
Authors: Dowsett K. F. , Dimmock Corinne K. , Hill M. W. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYNeonatal haemolytic disease was diagnosed in a Bos indicus cross bred beef herd in south‐east Queensland. The evidence suggested that this was due to B. argentina vaccination for babesiosis while non‐pregnant or less than one month pregnant. The cows received 5 or 6 vaccinations during their breeding life, which indicated that antibody levels can persist for long periods. The autopsy, histopathological and haematological findings indicated that the mechanism was disseminated intra‐vascular coagulation which occurred in calves dying within 24 hours of birth. This resulted in fibrin deposition in pulmonary capillaries and severe pulmonary oedema.
THE PATHOGENESIS OF INFECTIOUS AVIAN ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
Authors: Westbury H. A. , Sinkovic B. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe age of the chicken at the time of infection with infectious avian encephalomyelitis virus (IAEV) and the route of the administration of the virus had a marked effect on the development of the clinical disease. Chickens given the virus by intramuscular, intraperitoneal and oral routes exhibited a decreased susceptibility to development of clinical disease with increasing age. Irrespective of age, chickens were consistently susceptible to intracerebral inoculation of IAEV.Chickens infected with the virus at 1‐, 7‐ and 14‐days of age developed lower neutralising antibody titres to IAEV than chickens infected at 21 and 28 days. A relationship between the ability to produce specific neutralising antibody to IAEV and susceptibility to the development of clinical disease is discussed.
THE PATHOGENESIS OF INFECTIOUS AVIAN ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
Authors: Westbury H. A. , Sinkovic B. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY An association was demonstrated between the development of clinical infectious avian encephalomyelitis (IAE), the persistence and titre of infectious avian encephalomyelitis virus (IAEV) in the brain of the chicken, the duration of detectable viraemia and the age of the chicken at the time of infection with the virus. The older the chicken at the time of infection the milder the disease, the lower the virus titre in the brain and the shorter the period of viraemia. IAEV serum neutralising antibody was produced earlier after infection in older chickens, and its detection was associated with decreasing virus litres in the brain and the cessation of detectable viraemia.Treatment of chickens with testosterone in ova, to inhibit the development of antibody synthesis, prevented the onset of age‐associated resistance and testosterone treated birds were as susceptible to clinical IAE as baby chickens.The results suggested that the ability to produce IAEV serum neutralising antibody was an important component of age‐associated resistance to IAE.