bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Pharmacological Targets of Astragalus membranaceus against Hypertensive Nephropathy
Authors: Zhang Ningxin , Guan Chen , Xu Lingyu , Liu Zengying , Li Chenyu , Bu Quandong , Shen Xuefei , Xu Yan 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
Hypertension is one of the main causes of chronic kidney disease. Astragalus
membranaceus (AM), an important traditional Chinese medicine for treating hypertensive nephropathy,
has a complex composition that makes it challenging to explore its mechanism of action and
limits its clinical application. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of AM in
treating hypertensive nephropathy.

Methods:
We retrieved all the compound data of AM from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems
Pharmacology database and screened out the active compounds and their target proteins. Then,
a network of candidate compounds and target compounds of AM was constructed using Cytoscape
software. Furthermore, hypertensive nephropathy-related genes from the DisGeNET and GeneCards
databases were intersected with AM target proteins and hypertensive nephropathy-related genes to
determine the potential targets of AM in treating hypertensive nephropathy. Finally, after performing
Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment
analyses, we conducted molecular docking to verify the interaction between the main active ingredients
of AM and the core targets.

Results:
A total of 87 effective components of AM were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine
Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. According to the network of active compounds and
their target proteins, 18 of the 20 effective compounds in AM could act on 210 proteins. Taking the
intersection of 274 hypertensive nephropathy-related genes and AM target proteins, 49 potential
targets of AM in treating hypertensive nephropathy were identified. Using the median degree value,
we determined 25 core targets of AM in treating hypertensive nephropathy. GO enrichment analysis
showed that the biological processes of AM on hypertensive nephropathy mainly focused on the
inflammatory response, hypoxia response, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and cell migration. KEGG
pathway enrichment analysis mainly involved cancer pathways, the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway
in diabetic complications, blood flow shear stress, and atherosclerosis. Molecular docking results
showed that quercetin, kaempferol, and 7-O-methylisomucronulatol had strong binding activity with
several target proteins and may exert protective effects by stabilizing the interaction between molecules
through the intermolecular forces of hydrogen bonds.

Conclusion:
This study reveals the targets of AM in treating hypertensive nephropathy using network
pharmacology and molecular docking, providing new clues for developing novel drugs for
hypertensive nephropathy and basic research development.
Group 5 Pulmonary Hypertension: Multiple Systemic Diseases, Multiple
Mechanisms of Pulmonary Hypertension, and Multiple Management
Challenges
Authors: Barnett Christopher , Brusca Samuel B. , Kolaitis Nicholas , De Marco Teresa 
Published: March 2024

:
Group 5 pulmonary hypertension (PH) with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms
includes a wide variety of conditions associated with PH, and the mechanisms by which PH develops
vary dramatically depending on the underlying condition. Indeed, in many group 5 conditions,
such as sarcoidosis, multiple distinct drivers of PH are present concurrently in a single patient,
with the predominant factor depending on the predisposing disease phenotype. For this reason,
thorough diagnostic evaluation to most accurately phenotype every patient with group 5 PH is essential.
Treatment of these patients should begin by fully characterizing and optimizing the management
of their underlying disease, often in conjunction with disease experts. Initial targets of
PH treatment include identifying and correcting factors that worsen PH, such as volume overload
and hypoxemia, as well as a complete PH evaluation, searching for other undiagnosed causes of
PH (e.g., congenital heart disease or chronic thromboembolic disease). Data to guide treatment
with therapies specific to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are inadequate for any specific
recommendations, and adverse effects in group 5 patients are common. If these therapies are considered,
evaluation by a multidisciplinary team that includes a PH specialist is recommended. Factors
in the selection of PAH therapies should include consideration of the dominant physiologic
features of the underlying disease, the severity of hemodynamic and right ventricular abnormalities,
the risk of adverse drug effects, and any known contraindications to PAH-specific medications
based on the underlying condition. Vigilant monitoring following initiation of PAH-specific
therapy is critical, as the clinical effects are hard to predict, and untoward events, such as uncovering
pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, may occur. Collaborative care by a multidisciplinary team
of experts is key to the management of this challenging patient population.
Promising Phytoconstituents in Diabetes-related Wounds: Mechanistic Insights and Implications
Authors: Sultana Arjina , Borgohain Ranadeep , Rayaji Ashwini , Saha Dipankar , Kumar Das Bhrigu 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The onset of diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder characterized
by high blood glucose levels and disrupted glucose metabolism, results in 20% of people with
diabetes suffering from diabetes-related wounds worldwide. A minor wound, such as a cut or
abrasion, can lead to infections and complications in diabetic patients. We must understand the
mechanism/s contributing to this delayed wound healing to develop effective prevention strategies.
The potential benefits of bioactive phytochemicals for diabetic wound healing have been
reported in numerous studies.

Method:
A bioactive compound may have multiple actions, including antioxidants, antiinflammatory,
antimicrobial, and angiogenesis. Compounds derived from these plants have
shown promising results in wound healing, inflammation reduction, collagen synthesis, and neovascularization
improvement.

Results:
Consequently, this review provides an update to our understanding of how phytoconstituents
promote wound healing in diabetics. A thorough literature review was conducted on diabetes,
wound healing, and phytoconstituents for this study. Only English publications until June
2023 were included in the search, which used multiple search engines and the main keywords.
Summing up, phytochemical-based interventions might improve the quality of life for diabetics
by improving wound healing.

Conclusion:
However, to fully understand the efficacy and safety of these phytochemicals in
managing diabetic wounds, more research and clinical trials are needed.
Diabetes and its Complications: Role of Luteolin, A Wonder Chemical from the Natural Source
Authors: Pradhan Gandhar , Kulkarni Yogesh A. 
Published: March 2024

:
Flavonoids have been reported to be vital in treating various chronic disorders. Luteolin
(3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid present in a variety of plant sources such as celery,
green pepper, olive oil, peppermint, thyme, rosemary, oregano, etc. It has been reported to
have various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic,
anti-Alzheimer, antimicrobial, etc. Many scientific studies have been carried out on luteolin
for its possible effects on diabetes and its associated complications. The present review
focuses on the role of luteolin in diabetes mellitus and the associated complications. The antidiabetic
impact of luteolin is linked with the increased expression of PPARγ and GLUT. Various
in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed to explore the effects of luteolin on diabetic
complications, and it has shown a significant impact in the management of the same.
Qatar's Silent Epidemic: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis on the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Aqel Sarah , Ahmad Jamil , Syaj Sebawe , Daoud Majd N. , Araiqat Bashar 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Metabolic syndrome comprises various conditions like abdominal obesity,
insulin resistance, elevated triglyceride levels, reduced HDL, and high blood pressure,
which pose significant health challenges globally. It's imperative to determine its prevalence in
specific populations to formulate effective preventive measures.

Objective:
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of metabolic
syndrome in the Qatari population.

Methods:
Using the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was executed on PubMed until July
2023 with keywords "Metabolic syndrome" and "Qatar." Eligibility criteria included human
subjects, studies assessing metabolic syndrome components, and research conducted in Qatar or
on Qatari subjects. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale
(NOS). Pooled prevalence rates were calculated using the inverse variance weighting metaanalysis.

Results:
Out of 237 studies, 14 met our inclusion criteria, with a combined sample size of 14,772
from the Qatari population. The overall pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 26%. The
ATP III and IDF criteria exhibited significant differences in prevalence rates, with the IDF criteria
showing a higher prevalence. Age ≥ 40 years demonstrated a higher prevalence compared to
the younger group. Studies post-2018 reported a decreasing trend in metabolic syndrome prevalence.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Qatari population is comparable to
rates in the Middle East. The study underscores the need for tailored interventions and strategies,
especially targeting the older age group. Continuous research and monitoring are essential to
track and understand the disease's progression in Qatar.
Systematic Review of the Association of the Hospital Frailty Risk Score with Mortality in Patients with Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Sokhal Balamrit Singh , Menon Sowmya Prasanna Kumar , Willes Charles , Corp Nadia , Matetić Andrija , Mallen Christian , Mamas Mamas 
Published: March 2024

Background::There is limited systematic data on the association between the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) and characteristics and mortality in patients with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This systematic review aimed to summarise the use of the HFRS in describing the prevalence of frailty in patients with CVD, the clinical characteristics of patients with CVD, and the association between frailty on the likelihood of mortality in patients with CVD.Methods::A systematic literature search for observational studies using terms related to CVD, cerebrovascular disease, and the HFRS was conducted using 6 databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies were appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).Results::Seventeen observational studies were included, all rated ‘good’ quality according to the NOS. One study investigated 5 different CVD cohorts (atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF), hypotension, hypertension, and chronic ischemic heart disease), 1 study investigated 2 different CVD cohorts (AF and acute myocardial infarction (AMI)), 6 studies investigated HF, 3 studies investigated AMI, 4 studies investigated stroke, 1 study investigated AF, and 1 study investigated cardiac arrest. Increasing frailty risk category was associated with increased age, female sex, and non-white racial group across all CVD. Increasing frailty risk category is also associated with increased length of hospital stay, total costs, and increased odds of 30-day all-cause mortality across all CVD.Conclusions::The HFRS is an efficient and effective tool for stratifying frailty in patients with CVD and predicting adverse health outcomes.
Aldosterone Effect on Cardiac Structure and Function
Authors: Al-Hashedi Ekhlas Mahmoud , Abdu Fuad A. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Cardiac remodelling could be a key mechanism in aldosteronemediated
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Experimental and clinical evidence has
demonstrated that aldosterone causes cardiac structural remodelling and dysfunction by its profibrotic
and pro-hypertrophic effects, which result mainly from the direct effects on myocardial
collagen deposition, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Clinical studies have investigated the
aldosterone effects on the heart in different clinical conditions, including general population, essential
hypertension, primary aldosteronism, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Robust findings
indicate that aldosterone or the activation of the cardiac mineralocorticoid receptor can cause
damage to myocardial tissue by mechanisms independent of the blood pressure, leading to tissue
hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction.

Conclusion:
Aldosterone-mediated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality mainly result from
cardiac structural and functional alterations. In different clinical settings, aldosterone can induce
cardiac structural remodelling and dysfunction via several pathological mechanisms, including
cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Aldosterone antagonists could effectively
decrease or reverse the detrimental aldosterone-mediated changes in the heart.
Hepatic Pecoma versus Hepatocellular Carcinoma In The Noncirrhotic Liver on
Gd-EOB-DTPA-Enhanced MRI: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Ma Ruixia , Feng Shi-Ting , Meicheng-Chen  , Wang Jifei , Dong Zhi , Zhou Xiaoqi 
Published: March 2024

Aim::
Hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComa) often mimic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients without cirrhosis. This study
aimed to develop a nomogram using imaging characteristics on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and to distinguish PEComa from HCC in a noncirrhotic
liver.

Methods::
Forty patients with non-cirrhotic Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) were included in our study. A multivariate logistic
regression model was used to select significant variables to distinguish PEComa from HCC. A nomogram was developed based on the regression
model. The performance of the nomogram was assessed with respect to the ROC curve and calibration curve. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was
performed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the nomogram.

Results::
Two significant predictors were identified: the appearance of an early draining vein and the T1D value of tumors. The ROC curve showed that the
area under the curve (AUC) of the model to predict the risk of PEComa was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.80~1) and showed that the model had high specificity
(92.3%) and sensitivity (88.9%). The nomogram incorporating these two predictors showed favorable calibration, which was validated using 1000
resampling procedures, and the corrected C-index of this model was 0.90. Furthermore, DCA analysis showed that the model had clinical
practicability.

Conclusion::
In conclusion, the nomogram model showed favorable predictive accuracy for distinguishing PEComa from HCC in non-cirrhotic patients and may
aid in clinical decision-making.
Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) System in Opportunistic Screening and
Diagnostic Population in a Middle-income Nation
Authors: Hamid Marlina Tanty Ramli , Mumin Nazimah AB , Hamid Shamsiah Abdul , Rahmat Kartini 
Published: March 2024

Objective::
This study evaluates the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in mammography in a diverse population from a middle-income nation and
compares it to traditional methods.

Methods::
A retrospective study was conducted on 543 mammograms of 467 Malays, 48 Chinese, and 28 Indians in a middle-income nation. Three breast
radiologists interpreted the examinations independently in two reading sessions (with and without AI support). Breast density and BI-RADS
categories were assessed, comparing the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV)
results.

Results::
Of 543 mammograms, 69.2% had lesions detected. Biopsies were performed on 25%(n=136), with 66(48.5%) benign and 70(51.5%) malignant.
Substantial agreement in density assessment between the radiologist and AI software (κ =0.606, p < 0.001) and the BI-RADS category with and
without AI (κ =0.74, p < 0.001). The performance of the AI software was comparable to the traditional methods. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV,
and NPV or radiologists alone, radiologist + AI, and AI alone were 81.9%,90.4%,56.0%, and 97.1%; 81.0%, 93.1%,55.5%, and 97.0%; and
90.0%,76.5%,36.2%, and 98.1%, respectively. AI software enhances the accuracy of lesion diagnosis and reduces unnecessary biopsies,
particularly for BI-RADS 4 lesions. The AI software results for synthetic were almost similar to the original 2D mammography, with AUC of
0.925 and 0.871, respectively.

Conclusion::
AI software may assist in the accurate diagnosis of breast lesions, enhancing the efficiency of breast lesion diagnosis in a mixed population of
opportunistic screening and diagnostic patients.

Key Messages::
• The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in mammography for population-based breast cancer screening has been validated in high-income nations,
with reported improved diagnostic performance. Our study evaluated the usage of an AI tool in an opportunistic screening setting in a multi-ethnic
and middle-income nation.
• The application of AI in mammography enhances diagnostic accuracy, potentially leading to reduced unnecessary biopsies.
• AI integration into the workflow did not disrupt the performance of trained breast radiologists, as there is a substantial inter-reader agreement for
BI-RADS category assessment and breast density.
Microwave Imaging: Locating Bone Fractures using Patch Antenna of ISM
Band
Authors: Sheela John Bosco Joselin Jeya , Banu Jahangeer Gul Shaira , Natarajan Duraichi , Murugavel Logeshwaran , Balasubramanian Jeyapoornima 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The human skeletal system relies heavily on the integrity of bones, which provide structural support and safeguard vital organs. Accurate detection
is paramount for effective diagnosis. Conventional methods for identifying fractures manually are not only time-consuming but also susceptible to
errors.

Methods:
The proposed methodology hinges on a patch antenna operating at 2.4 GHz and a bone phantom housing a simulated fracture, where the antenna is
scanned. The collected signals are then processed with Delay-and-Sum (DAS), and Delay-Multiply-and-Sum (DMAS) reconstruction algorithms.
The resulting images offer visual insights into the location of fractures.

Results:
Through experimentation, the efficacy of the images varies considerably in terms of their capacity for noise and artifact suppression. While DAS
exhibits reasonable effectiveness, it suppresses noise and artifacts comprehensively. In contrast, DMAS offers clearer and more precise images of
bone fractures.

Conclusion:
In summary, the research introduces a cost-effective and non-invasive strategy for detecting bone fractures. By involving a patch antenna at 2.4
GHz, along with image reconstruction algorithms like DMAS and DAS, one can effectively visualize the location of bone fractures. The
experimental results highlight the superiority of DMAS over DAS in terms of contrast resolution, making it a highly promising avenue for fracture
detection.
Mediterranean Lifestyle: More Than a Diet, A Way of Living (and Thriving)
Authors: Kushkestani Mehdi , Moghadassi Mahsa , Sidossis Labros 
Published: March 2024

:
Although the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) may appear simple and locally inspired
based on the provided definitions, mounting evidence reveals that adopting a dietary pattern
aligned with MedDiet principles can yield numerous health benefits. Also, the MedDiet stands
as the gold standard in preventive medicine, so it is not a simplistic diet centered around specific
ingredients or cooking methods; instead, it emerges from a distinctive way of life (lifestyle) inherent
to the Mediterranean region. This lifestyle encapsulates essential components of a balanced
diet and life, including frugality and moderation in food consumption, the utilization of
seasonal and traditional products, a focus on locally sourced, eco-friendly, and biodiverse items,
personal engagement in culinary preparation, the emphasis on conviviality and social activities
during meal consumption, regular engagement in physical activity, adequate hydration, and sufficient
rest. In this review, we will establish the interconnections and links between the various
aspects of the Mediterranean diet, how these pillars reflect the Mediterranean region's distinctive
lifestyle, and how each element is a necessary part of the others. Finally, the seamless integration
of social involvement, sufficient rest, regular physical exercise, and diet will be explored
to provide a holistic view of the Mediterranean lifestyle and its inherent harmony.
A Promising Breakthrough: The Potential of VORASIDENIB in the Treatment
of Low-grade Glioma
Authors: Bombino Alice , Magnani Marcello , Conti Alfredo 
Published: March 2024

Introduction::
Gliomas are common malignant brain tumors characterized by diffuse brain infiltration. World Health Organization grade II and grade III diffuse
gliomas are considered lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) and have isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations. LGGs are challenging due to their
infiltrative nature, making them capable of progressing into higher-grade malignancies. Vorasidenib is a novel therapeutic agent targeting mutant
IDH1/2, sparking interest in the field.

Mechanism of Action::
Vorasidenib inhibits mutant IDH1/2 through a unique mechanism, reducing the production of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). This
alteration affects key enzymes and DNA methylation, impacting tumor growth and invasion.

Preclinical Evidence::
Preclinical studies show vorasidenib's efficacy in inhibiting mutant IDH1/2 and 2-HG production in glioma models. It suppresses tumor growth,
making it a potential treatment option.

Clinical Evidence::
Early clinical trials demonstrate vorasidenib's clinical activity in non-enhancing gliomas. It reduces 2-hydroxyglutarate levels and tumor cell
proliferation, with an objective response rate and prolonged progression-free survival. The drug's safety profile is favorable.

Challenges and Future Directions::
Challenges include identifying predictive biomarkers and optimizing sequencing or combinations with existing therapies. Further research is
needed to establish long-term effectiveness, evaluate side effects, and explore combinations with immunotherapy.

Conclusion::
orasidenib significantly advances LGG treatment, targeting a prevalent mutation and slowing tumor growth. Promising preclinical and clinical
evidence and manageable side effects suggest its potential impact on LGG management. However, more research, including large trials, is needed
to confirm its efficacy and role in treatment.