bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Assay for Detection of Platelet‐Specific PlA1 Antibodies in Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia1
Authors: Mueller‐Eckhardt C. , Kayser W. , Förster Christa , Mueller‐Eckhardt Gertrud , Ringenberg C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA technique is described which permits the detection of platelet‐specific, noncomplement‐fixing (‘blocking’) PlA1 antibodies in serologically negative sera of mothers from children suffering from neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. The technique consists of (1) antibody enrichment in eluates prepared from maternal serum and PlA1‐positive platelets, and (2) quantitation of antibodies in eluates by the platelet radioactive anti‐IgG test. With this assay, PlA1 antibodies were demonstrated in 6 out of 7 maternal sera, and anti‐A antibodies in one. It proved valuable also for longitudinal studies for periods up to 30 months after delivery.
Evaluation of Intravenous Immune Serum Globulin in Immune Thrombocytopenia: Preliminary Results
Authors: Carroll Robert R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTDue to difficult clinical problems caused or aggravated by the presence of severe thrombocytopenia, 4 patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) refractory to conventional regimens were treated with intravenous gamma‐globulin. One patient had a lasting remission, 2 others had a partial or brief response, and 1 patient had no improvement in platelet count.
Investigation of an Outbreak of Hepatitis A in Irish Haemophilia A Patients
Authors: Lawlor E. , Johnson Z. , Thornton L. , Temperley I. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSince 1990, Irish haemophilia A patients have been treated with solvent‐detergent(SD)‐treated virally inactivated high‐purity factor VIII concentrate prepared from plasma from Irish voluntary non‐remunerated donors. In 1992, 13 haemophilia A patients developed clinical hepatitis A and a further 17 patients showed serological evidence of recent infection by hepatitis A. All but 3 of these patients had had recent exposure to SD‐treated product. A case‐control study is underway to determine whether these cases represent transmission through product or environmentally acquired hepatitis A.
Failure to Detect Hepatitis A Virus RNA in Factor VIII Concentrates Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction: Results of a Preliminary Study
Authors: McOmish F. , Yap P.L. , Hart H. , Peerlinck K. , Burns S.M. , Simmonds P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe transmission of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection to recipients of some batches of Factor VIII has recently been reported. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of HAV RNA in factor VIII concentrates. Primer sequences used were derived from a consensus of published sequences in the 5′ non coding region; a nested PCR was used to increase sensitivity and specificity and the resulting fragment was 151 base pairs in length. The PCR was initially validated in clinical samples and only IgM anti‐HAV positive patient samples and a sample of liver tissue from a patient who required liver transplantation for fulminant hepatitis A were HAV PCR positive. Other samples tested included those that were IgG anti‐HAV positive; these were found to be PCR negative. In an investigation of coagulation factor VIII concentrates by HAV PCR, 40 batches of solvent/detergent‐treated high‐purity concentrate from four different manufacturers, including one batch of factor VIII possibly implicated in HAV transmission, and a further 3 batches of monoclonal antibody purified factor VIII were all HAV PCR negative. Gel chromatography material, before and after use in factor VIII purification, and eluates from this material were also negative for HAV RNA. Our preliminary results therefore suggest that either the contamination of factor VIII concentrates by HAV RNA is an extremely rare event or that the PCR is insufficiently sensitive to detect an infective HAV dose since each batch of factor VIII concentrate would have been derived from a plasma pool consisting of 10,000 donations, or more and the resulting concentration of virus may be 102 or less.
Absence of Serological Surrogate Markers forTrypanosoma‐cruzi‐Infected Blood Donors
Authors: Wendel S. , Biagini S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSpecific serological screening tests forTrypanosoma‐cruzi‐infected donors are not yet available and thus not routinely performed in North America. With the recent increase of Latin‐American immigration to North America and Europe, there is a risk of transmission by blood products. In this study, we evaluated the possibility whether any of the serological screening tests currently recommended by the AABB could be used as a surrogate marker for this protozoarium. A group of 26,365 blood donors (male = 21,053 and female = 5,312) was analysed for the correlation ofT. cruziantibodies (TcAb) with other serological markers (HIV, HBsAg, ALT, HTLV‐I/II, HCV, Anti‐HBc, syphilis and unexpected hemoglobins other than A1, A2and F). Association could be demonstrated only between syphilis and TcAb in the female group (p = 0.005), but the low number of donors found with this association (n = 4) renders the effect of this correlation very small. A higher prevalence of TcAb was found in older age groups, with even gender distribution (p<0.05), however, donors aged more than 54 years also represent a minority of the donor pool (4.83%) and the detection of positive donors in this age group also has a minor preventive effect on transfusion‐transmitted Chagas disease. We conclude that when infected blood donors must be detected, specific serological screening for TcAb is essential and that currently no surrogate marker can be considered for detectingT. cruzi‐infected blood donors.
Haemoglobin‐Based Red Cell Substitutes: Current Status
Authors: Ogden Jill E. , Donald Shirley L. Mac 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemically modified haemoglobin solutions represent a potential alternative to the transfusion of donor blood. The theoretical advantages of these products include an oxygen delivery potential greater than that of conventional plasma expanders, prolonged shelf‐life, universal compatibility and the absence of pathogenic viruses. Principal concerns have been safety issues including renal toxicity, coagulopathy and vasoactivity. The proposed indications for these solutions are primarily resuscitation of patients in haemorrhagic shock and perioperative haemodilution during elective surgery. Three products have now undergone phase I safety trials in human subjects and phase II safety and efficacy trials are planned in the near future.
Human Cytomegalovirus DNA Is Not Detectable with Nested Double Polymerase Chain Reaction in Healthy Blood Donors
Authors: Urushibara Noriko , Kwon Kil‐Won , Takahashi Tsuneo A. , Sekiguchi Sadayoshi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe PCR method was introduced to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA from 189 peripheral blood samples of volunteer donors. We adopted the nested double PCR method with primers specific for immediate early gene 1 followed by electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. This nested double PCR method was sensitive enough to detect approximately a single copy of CMV DNA. However, we failed to obtain positive amplification of CMV DNA from any of these donor samples. In contrast, CMV DNA could be detected in all 3 tested immunocompromised patients who had undergone bone marrow transplantation. These results support our previous report that the frequency of CMV DNA is of an order lower than 1 copy/105 leucocytes in the peripheral blood of healthy seropositive individuals.
Blood Exchance — A Rescue Procedure for Complicated Falciparum Malaria
Authors: Eisenman Arie , Baruch Yaacob , Shechter Yael , Oren Ilana 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFalciparum malaria is the most hazardous form of malaria. Its high degree of parasitemia interferes with vital functions of most organs and is directly responsible for its high rate of mortality and morbidity. Quinine and other antimalarial drugs are relatively slow acting and not always effective due to the growing resistance developed by Plasmodium toward these drugs. Another emergency modality, which would remove the parasitic burden quickly and effectively, is thus much needed. We present a case of a 51‐year‐old sailor, who was admitted to the hospital because of complicated falciparum malaria. His situation deteriorated rapidly into a desparate stage, despite the various intensive treatments and quinine. He soon developed a systemic inflammatory response syndrome manifested as cerebral malaria, renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation. An emergency blood exchange reversed the situation dramatically, and the patient recovered completely. It is recommended that any doctor, both in endemic and in non endemic areas, dealing with blood transfusions or infectious diseases, should be acquainted with this life‐saving modality, regardless of the controversy still surrounding this subject.
Soluble HLA Class I and Class II Concentrations in Factor VIII and PCC Preparations
Authors: Westhoff Ulrike , Grosse‐Wilde Hans 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSoluble HLA class 1 (sHLA‐CI) and class II (sHLA‐CII) molecules were quantitated in 11 commercially available factor VIII and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) preparations by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In 4 preparations, we detected traces of sHLA‐CI (0.01–0.07 mg/l), and in 7 hemostatic preparations small amounts of sHLA‐CII molecules (0.02–0.28 mg/l). The concentrations of these contaminant molecules are unequivocally below the mean values of sHLA in human plasma (sHLA‐CI: 1.01±0.72 mg/l; sHLA‐CII: 1.53±2.44mg/l). Based on the total amount of chronically administered factor VIII or PCC, contaminating sHLA molecules may be in principle able to exert immunomodulatory effects in patients treated with such preparations.
Cryopreservation Modifies Flow‐Cytometric Analysis of Hemopoietic Cells
Authors: Rosillo M. C. , Ortuño F. , Rivera J. , Moraleda J. M. , Vicente V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAlthough cryopreservation of human bone marrow has become very common in modern medicine, the knowledge on the effects of this procedure on hemopoietic cells is still limited. We herein have investigated whether the process of concentrating of human bone marrow to its buffy coat, the exposure to the cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoide (DMSO), and/or the rate of controlled freezing/thawing procedures modifies the flow cytometric analysis of human bone marrow cells. We found that both the exposure of marrow cells to DMSO and/or the freezing procedure significantly modifies both the relative proportions of hemopoietic cell subsets and the intensity of expression of certain surface antigens. Thus, percentages of cells expressing CD7, CD13, CD33 and CD34, were found to be lower in both cryopreserved buffy coat and buffy coat merely exposed to DMSO, in comparison to those in untreated coat samples. Moreover, the intensity of the surface expression of CD33 decreased in cells exposed to DMSO, and further in cryopreserved samples. By contrast, the intensity of the CD19 antigen was higher in the last groups of samples than in the buffy coat or the unfractionated human bone marrow. Our present results suggest that flow‐cytometric analysis of cryopreserved human bone marrow cells is not fully equivalent to that corresponding to fresh bone marrow or its fractionated buffy coat.
Pooling Blood Donor Samples to Reduce the Cost of HIV‐1 Antibody Testing
Authors: McMahon E.J. , Fang C. , Layug L. , Sandler S.G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAccurate, low cost testing of donated blood is a goal of the global effort to reduce the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1). We describe a modified enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method for detecting HIV‐1 antibody (anti‐HIV‐1) in 15‐sample pools. In this preliminary study, the modified EIA was as sensitive for detecting weakly seropositive samples, and as specific for testing HIV‐1 Western blot‐negative or Western blot‐indeterminate results, as testing individual samples by the standard EIA. A simulation of field operations was conducted using pools of blood donor samples collected in the United States and in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Implementation of the modified EIA method and testing 15‐sample pools for anti‐HIV‐1 is a reliable strategy for reducing the cost of large scale testing of donated blood for anti‐HIV‐1 in areas of low seropre valence.
Virally Inactivated Fresh Frozen Plasma
Authors: Williamson Lorna M. , Allain J.P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSeveral technologies are now available to treat whole fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) to inactivate transfusion‐transmitted viruses, including pasteurisation, solvent/detergent and methylene blue/light. The first two involve creating large plasma pools prior to inactivation, while only pasteurisation clearly destroys both enveloped and non‐enveloped viruses. Some of the issues surrounding the use of these products include demonstration of both clinical efficacy and improved viral safety, and the need for product licencing. Potential benefits must be balanced against the risks of plasma pooling, while the increased costs will require comparison with other strategies such as quarantining of plasma. It is also recognised that reducing inappropriate FFP usage will play a role in improved patient safety.
Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in Blood Donors
Authors: Tsujimura M. , Matsushita K. , Shiraki H. , Sato H. , Okochi K. , Maeda Y. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUsing an immunodiffusion assay, we tested all of the blood units donated at the Fukuoka Red Cross Blood Center from June 1991 to July 1994 for B19 antigen. Over this 3‐year trial period, we detected 16 viremic cases out of approximately 560,000 blood donors. Interestingly, most of the viremic donors (15 out of 16) were detected between February 1992 and January 1993, which coincided with a local erythemia infectiosum epidemic in the Fukuoka area (December 1991 to August 1992). In particular, we detected 4 cases of viremia in March 1992, which was the peak of the erythema infectiosum epidemic. The incidence of B19 viremia in this peak period was approximately 1/4,000. The viremic donors ranged in age from 17 to 45 years, and most (11/16) were between 31 and 39 years old. By ELISA, using virus particles purified from viremic donor plasma as antigen, we analyzed the prevalence of B19‐specific antibody among blood donors. The antibody‐positive rate was approximately 40% in donors 16–30 years old, gradually increased in middle age, and reached a peak of 92% in donors more than 61 years old.
Anti‐HLA Antibody Screening with Extracted Platelet HLA Antigens by the Mixed Passive Hemagglutination Method
Authors: Araki Nobuo , Shibata Yoichi , Inaba Hiroyuki , Nose Yoshisuke , Sakata Nobuhiko , Ito Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFor the detection of anti‐HLA antibody in the serum of patients receiving frequent platelet transfusions, we developed a new method in which platelet antigens are extracted into physiological saline containing 3% sucrose and coated as a layer on a U‐type Terasaki plate. In the present study, screening of anti‐HLA antibodies was conducted with this plate by the mixed passive hemagglutination test although the plate contained both HLA and HPA. The reactivity determined by this method correlated well with antihuman immunoglobulin‐lymphocyte cytotoxicity test (AHG‐LCT) results (r = 0.963). The plate can be preserved for at least 2 years at –80 °C and is easier to handle than the frozen lymphocyte panels used in the LCT test in which lymphocytes must be kept alive. This new method is an alternative way to screen HLA antibodies. In addition, it is expected that this method will be used to screen anti‐HPA antibodies.
Identification of Two New D Variants, DHMi and DHMii Using Monoclonal Anti‐D
Authors: Jones Jeff 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFifteen examples of red cells are described which showed discrepant reactivity on routine grouping with two monoclonal anti‐D typing reagents, HAM‐A being negative and MAD‐2 strongly positive. The reaction profile of these cells with a number of monoclonal anti‐D characterised the samples into two new variant groups, DHMi and DHMii. DHMi was characterised by a negative reaction with BRAD‐8 and DHMii by a negative reaction with BRAD‐5. DHMi cells were found to have a papain‐sensitive site, identified by Mab 21 G6, which was not detectable in DHMii. The presence of allo‐anti‐D in one case of DHMi suggests a partial D in these individuals. The positive reaction of HAM‐A with sialidase‐ and endo‐F‐treated DHMii cells suggests that sialic acid and/or N‐glycans could possibly be involved in blocking the reaction with untreated cells. All samples typed as C‐E+. One was e negative while the rest had variable depression of the e and f antigens. Marginal depression of E was seen with those DHMi cells tested, but not with DHMii cells. Data from family studies suggest that the variant D in both DHMi and DHMii is inherited as a cDE gene complex and is controlled by the RH locus.
Expression of the Erythrocyte Antigen Henshaw (He; MNS6): Serological and Immunochemical Studies
Authors: Reid M. E. , Lomas‐Francis C. , Daniels G.L. , Chen V. , Shen J. , Ho Y.C. , Hare V. , Batts R. , Yacob M. , Smart E. , Green C.A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractProduction of murine monoclonal antibodies to the low prevalence MNS antigen Henshaw (He; MNS6) has enabled more detailed study of this antigen. Using these directly hemagglutinating anti‐He, red blood cells (RBCs) from 1695 people of African origin were screened in the USA and England. The prevalence of He+ samples among these donors was 2.1%. In Natal, blood samples from 1218 black donors were screened with rabbit anti‐He. The prevalence of He+ donors in this population was 7.0%. Immunoblotting confirmed that the He antigen is carried on an erythrocyte membrane component with a molecular mass that is indistinguishable from glycophorin B. Hemagglutination and immunoblotting demonstrated that ten of 56 He+ samples tested more extensively had a reduced expression of the He antigen. The majority of He+ RBCs were S+; those He+ RBC samples that were S‐s+ more frequently had a weakened expression of He.
Challenges in secondary stroke prevention: prevalence of multiple metabolic risk factors, including abnormal glycaemia, in ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack
Authors: Scott D. P. , Greenfield J. R. , Bramah V. , Alford J. , Bennett C. , Markus R. , Campbell L. V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground: Secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke (IS) and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) mandates identification and treatment of multiple metabolic risk factors. The aim was to determine the prevalence of abnormal glycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidaemia in patients presenting to an Acute Stroke Unit of a tertiary referral teaching hospital with IS or TIA.Methods: We reviewed the clinical characteristics of consecutive patients presenting with symptoms of acute stroke or TIA between 1 February 2006 and 30 June 2007 to determine the prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), post‐stroke dysglycaemia (PSD), hypertension and dyslipidaemia.Results: Mean age ± SD of the 224 patients (84 female) was 71 ± 15 years. Seventy per cent (n= 157) of patients presented with IS and 30% (n= 67) with TIA. Of the cohort, 15% (n= 33) had previously diagnosed diabetes, 10% (n= 22) were diagnosed with diabetes during admission and 19% (n= 42) had IFG diagnosed during admission. A further 4% (n= 9) were classified as having PSD. Sixty‐two per cent (n= 139) of patients had previously diagnosed hypertension; another 7% (n= 15) were diagnosed during admission. Eighty‐eight per cent (n= 197) of patients had dyslipidaemia. Thirty per cent had all three risk factors concurrently.Conclusion: Abnormal glycaemia was present in almost half the patients presenting with IS/TIA, with the majority of cases undiagnosed. One‐third of patients had abnormal glycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidaemia concurrently. Patients presenting with stroke should be routinely screened for abnormal glycaemia in concert with other vascular risk factors.
The feeling of being trapped in and ashamed of one's own body: A qualitative study of women who suffer from eating difficulties
Authors: Rørtveit Kristine , Åström Sture , Severinsson Elisabeth 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to explore women's bodily experiences of suffering from eating difficulties (ED). The research question was: How do women who suffer from ED experience the bodily aspects related to their condition? Women suffering from ED experience problems in both the physical and emotional areas. Few qualitative studies have specifically addressed sufferers' bodily experiences related to ED. An explorative design was used. The data were collected by means of focus group interviews on the subject of ED‐related problems, guilt and shame, and being a mother. The interpretation of the qualitative data was inspired by hermeneutic content analysis. The main theme, ‘Powerful feelings of being trapped in and ashamed of one's own body’, comprised two themes: ‘The feeling of being trapped by overwhelming physical sensations’ and ‘The feeling of being ashamed of one's own body’. Bodily experiences were reported as strong. One clinical implication for nurses is to acknowledge this fact and make it possible for these women to articulate their difficulties, especially those connected to the feelings of being trapped and ashamed. Support groups focusing on these themes could be one way of assisting women and easing some of the negative feelings associated with ED.
Sensory interaction on static balance: A comparison concerning the history of falls of community‐dwelling elderly
Authors: Ricci Natalia Aquaroni , De Faria Figueiredo Gonçalves Daniele , Coimbra Arlete Maria Valente , Coimbra Ibsen Bellini 
Published: March 2009

Aim:  To determine whether elderly subjects with distinct histories of falls presented differences concerning the influence of sensory interaction on balance.Methods:  Cross‐sectional research. Ninety‐six community‐dwelling elderly subjects were divided into three groups, according to the history of falls within the past year (group 1, no falls; group 2, one fall; and group 3, recurrent falls). The Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance was used to evaluate the influence of sensory inputs on standing balance. The test required the subject to maintain stability during 30 s, under six conditions: (i) firm surface with eyes open; (ii) firm surface with eyes closed; (iii) firm surface with visual conflict; (iv) unstable surface with eyes open; (v) unstable surface with eyes closed; and (vi) unstable surface with visual conflict. The time expended on conditions and the number of abnormal cases were compared between groups. Each group was evaluated in relation to its performance in the progression of conditions.Results:  More abnormal cases occurred in group 3 compared to group 1 for conditions (iv) and (v); and compared to group 2 for condition (iv). Group 3 remained less time than group 1 under conditions (iv), (v) and (vi). Groups 1, 2 and 3 presented relevant decrements in trial duration from conditions (iv) to (v). For group 3, a significant decay was also noted from condition (i) to (ii).Conclusion:  Sensorial interaction in the elderly varies according to their history of falls. Thus, it is possible to correctly guide the rehabilitation process and to prevent sensorial decays according to an individual's history of falls.