bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive biomarkers in normal pressure hydrocephalus: evidence for the role of neuroimaging
Authors: Tarnaris Andrew , Kitchen Neil D. , Watkins Laurence D. 
Published: November 2008

Object
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) represents a treatable form of dementia. Recent estimates of the incidence of this condition are in the region of 5% of patients with dementia. The symptoms of NPH can vary among individuals and may be confused with those of patients with multi-infarct dementia, dementia of the Alzheimer type, or even Parkinson disease. Traditionally the diagnosis of NPH could only be confirmed postoperatively by a favorable outcome to surgical diversion of CSF. The object of this literature review was to examine the role of structural and functional imaging in providing biomarkers of favorable surgical outcome.

Methods
A Medline search was undertaken for the years 1980–2006, using the following terms: normal pressure hydrocephalus, adult hydrocephalus, chronic hydrocephalus, imaging, neuroimaging, imaging studies, outcomes, surgical outcomes, prognosis, prognostic value, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy.

Results
The query revealed 16 studies that correlated imaging with surgical outcomes offering accuracy results. Three studies fulfilled the statistical criteria of a biomarker. A dementia Alzheimer-type pattern on SPECT in patients with idiopathic NPH, the presence of CSF flow void on MR imaging, and the N-acetylaspartate/choline ratio in patients with the secondary form are able to predict surgical outcomes with high accuracy.

Conclusions
There is at present Level A evidence for using MR spectroscopy in patients with secondary NPH, and Level B evidence for using SPECT and phase-contrast MR imaging to select patients with idiopathic NPH for shunt placement. The studies, however, need to be repeated by other groups. The current work should act as a platform to design further studies with larger sample sizes.
Does This Infant Have a Dislocated Hip?
Authors: Singh Abhinav , Wade Ryckie George , Metcalfe David , Perry Daniel C. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceDelayed diagnosis of a dislocated hip in infants can lead to complex childhood surgery, interruption to family life, and premature osteoarthritis.ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination in identifying dislocated hips in infants.Data SourcesSystematic search of CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library from the inception of each database until October 31, 2023.Study SelectionThe 9 included studies reported the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examination (index test) in infants aged 3 months or younger and a diagnostic hip ultrasound (reference test). The Graf method of ultrasound assessment was used to classify hip abnormalities.Data Extraction and SynthesisThe Rational Clinical Examination scale was used to assign levels of evidence and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool was used to assess bias. Data were extracted using the individual hip as the unit of analysis; the data were pooled when the clinical examinations were evaluated by 3 or more of the included studies.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LRs) of identifying a dislocated hip were calculated.ResultsAmong infants screened with a clinical examination and a diagnostic ultrasound in 5 studies, the prevalence of a dislocated hip (n = 37 859 hips) was 0.94% (95% CI, 0.28%-2.0%). There were 8 studies (n = 44 827 hips) that evaluated use of the Barlow maneuver and the Ortolani maneuver (dislocate and relocate an unstable hip); the maneuvers had a sensitivity of 46% (95% CI, 26%-67%), a specificity of 99.1% (95% CI, 97.9%-99.6%), a positive LR of 52 (95% CI, 21-127), and a negative LR of 0.55 (95% CI, 0.37-0.82). There were 3 studies (n = 22 472 hips) that evaluated limited hip abduction and had a sensitivity of 13% (95% CI, 3.3%-37%), a specificity of 97% (95% CI, 87%-99%), a positive LR of 3.6 (95% CI, 0.72-18), and a negative LR of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.76-1.1). One study (n = 13 096 hips) evaluated a clicking sound and had a sensitivity of 13% (95% CI, 6.4%-21%), a specificity of 92% (95% CI, 92%-93%), a positive LR of 1.6 (95% CI, 0.91-2.8), and a negative LR of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.88-1.0).Conclusions and RelevanceIn studies in which all infant hips were screened for developmental dysplasia of the hip, the prevalence of a dislocated hip was 0.94%. A positive LR for the Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers was the finding most associated with an increased likelihood of a dislocated hip. Limited hip abduction or a clicking sound had no clear diagnostic utility.
Toward Design Rules for Multilayer Ferroelectric Energy Storage Capacitors – A Study Based on Lead‐Free and Relaxor‐Ferroelectric/Paraelectric Multilayer Devices
Authors: Nguyen Minh D. , Houwman Evert P. , Birkhölzer Yorick A. , Vu Hung N. , Koster Gertjan , Rijnders Guus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFuture pulsed‐power electronic systems based on dielectric capacitors require the use of environment‐friendly materials with high energy‐storage performance that can operate efficiently and reliably in harsh environments. Here, a study of multilayer structures, combining paraelectric‐like Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) with relaxor‐ferroelectric BaZr0.4Ti0.6O3 (BZT) layers on SrTiO3‐buffered Si substrates, with the goal to optimize the high energy‐storage performance is presented. The energy‐storage properties of various stackings are investigated and an extremely large maximum recoverable energy storage density of ≈165.6 J cm−3 (energy efficiency ≈ 93%) is achieved for unipolar charging–discharging of a 25‐nm‐BZT/20‐nm‐BST/910‐nm‐BZT/20‐nm‐BST/25‐nm‐BZT multilayer structure, due to the extremely large breakdown field of 7.5 MV cm−1 and the lack of polarization saturation at high fields in this device. Strong indications are found that the breakdown field of the devices is determined by the outer layers of the multilayer stack and can be increased by improving the quality of these layers. Authors are also able to deduce design optimization rules for this material combination, which can be to a large extend justify by structural analysis. These rules are expected also to be useful for optimizing other multilayer systems and are therefore very relevant for further increasing the energy storage density of capacitors.
Sulfur‐Tuned Main‐Group Sb−N−C Catalysts for Selective 2‐Electron and 4‐Electron Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Yan Minmin , Yang Hao , Gong Zhichao , Zhu Jiarui , Allen Christopher , Cheng Tao , Fei Huilong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe selective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is important for various energy conversion processes such as the fuel cells and metal‐air batteries for the 4e− pathway and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) electrosynthesis for the 2e− pathway. However, it remains a challenge to tune the ORR selectivity of a catalyst in a controllable manner. Herein, an efficient strategy for introducing sulfur dopants to regulate the ORR selectivity of main‐group Sb−N−C single‐atom catalysts is reported. Significantly, Sb−N−C with the highest sulfur content follows a 2e− pathway with high H2O2 selectivity (96.8%) and remarkable mass activity (96.1 A g−1 at 0.65 V), while the sister catalyst with the lowest sulfur content directs a 4e− pathway with a half‐wave potential (E1/2 = 0.89 V) that is more positive than commercial Pt/C. In addition, practical applications for these two 2e−/4e− ORR catalysts are demonstrated by bulk H2O2 electrosynthesis for the degradation of organic pollutants and a high‐power zinc‐air battery, respectively. Combined experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the excellent selectivity for the sulfurized Sb−N−Cs is attributed to the optimal adsorption‐desorption of the ORR intermediates realized through the electronic structure modulation by the sulfur dopants.
Influence of Hot Carrier Cooling and Band‐Filling Effect on Linewidth of Perovskite Microlasers
Authors: Ma Peipei , Si Jinhai , Yan Lihe , Wu Jiayi , Xu Jin , Hou Xun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn semiconductor‐based microlasers, the generated excited carriers can affect both the optical absorption coefficient and refractive index, influencing the lasing behavior and device performance. In this study, the lasing behavior of individual MAPbBr3 microrods pumped by femtosecond laser pulses is investigated using an ultrafast optical Kerr gating technique. By analyzing the spectral and temporal evolution of the lasing behavior, it is found that the band‐filling (BF) effect can cause a significant change in the refractive index of the material, which results in an unfavorable red‐shift and broadening of the resonant modes, deteriorating the laser linewidth and quality factor. The hot carrier cooling process can provide a buffer for alteration of the energy level occupation state, resulting in a small transient refractive index change and slight red‐shift. These results offer insights into the lasing behavior driven by photogenerated carrier dynamics and provide an optimization strategy for semiconductor‐based microlasers.
Laryngeal clefts in Prader–Willi syndrome: Feeding difficulties and aspiration not always caused by hypotonia
Authors: Rodrigo Minna L. , Heubi Christine , Chiou Eric , Scheimann Ann 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFeeding difficulties, aspiration, and failure to thrive in infancy are commonly seen in patients with Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS) and attributed to hypotonia. Patients with PWS and laryngeal clefts were identified by review of medical records at three tertiary care children's hospitals between 2017 and 2022. We present three patients with PWS with feeding difficulties who were also found to have laryngeal clefts which likely contributed to their feeding difficulties. Additional factors such as airway anomalies should be considered in patients with PWS, especially when swallowing dysfunction, dysphagia, or abnormal swallow evaluations are present.
Revolutionizing dementia detection: Leveraging vision and Swin transformers for early diagnosis
Authors: P L Rini , K S Gayathri 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDementia, an increasingly prevalent neurological disorder with a projected threefold rise globally by 2050, necessitates early detection for effective management. The risk notably increases after age 65. Dementia leads to a progressive decline in cognitive functions, affecting memory, reasoning, and problem‐solving abilities. This decline can impact the individual's ability to perform daily tasks and make decisions, underscoring the crucial importance of timely identification. With the advent of technologies like computer vision and deep learning, the prospect of early detection becomes even more promising. Employing sophisticated algorithms on imaging data, such as positron emission tomography scans, facilitates the recognition of subtle structural brain changes, enabling diagnosis at an earlier stage for potentially more effective interventions. In an experimental study, the Swin transformer algorithm demonstrated superior overall accuracy compared to the vision transformer and convolutional neural network, emphasizing its efficiency. Detecting dementia early is essential for proactive management, personalized care, and implementing preventive measures, ultimately enhancing outcomes for individuals and lessening the overall burden on healthcare systems.
Detergenschemie beeinflusst die Überschreitung planetarer Grenzen einschließlich antimikrobieller Resistenz und Arzneimittelentwicklung
Authors: Seewald Marc , Nielinger Lena , Alker Katharina , Behnke Jan‐Simon , Wycisk Virginia , Urner Leonhard H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDie Chemie der Detergenzien ermöglicht alltägliche Anwendungen. Gleichzeitig gefährdet sie sichere Handlungsräume, welche die Menschheit für ihren Fortbestand braucht. Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist es, die Entwicklung eines ganzheitlichen Denkansatzes im chemischen Design von Detergenzien zu unterstützen. Mit Hilfe vom Konzept der planetaren Grenzen identifizieren wir Fortschritte und Wissenslücken im Zusammenhang mit der Chemie der Detergenzien und fünf planetaren Grenzen, welche derzeit überschritten werden, einschließlich Klima, Süßwasser, Landsystem, neue chemische Entitäten und Integrität der Biosphäre. Unsere Studie offenbart den Status von drei kritischen Herausforderungen, die in den kommenden Jahren angegangen werden müssen, darunter (i) die Umsetzung einer ganzheitlichen, klimafreundlichen Detergensindustrie; (ii) die Angleichung von materialistischen und sozialen Aspekten bei der Schaffung technischer Lösungen mittels nachhaltiger Chemie; (iii) die Entwicklung von Detergenzien, die einer Anwendung dienen, aber die Biosphäre in ihrer Rolle als neue chemische Entitäten nicht schaden. Medizinrelevante Fallstudien zeigen, dass selbst das raffinierteste Detergensdesign eine Medikamentenentwicklung nicht ausreichend beschleunigen kann, um zeitgleich die Antibiotikaresistenzentwicklung, welche Detergenzien in ihrer Rolle als neue chemische Entitäten fördern, zu überwinden. Sichere Handlungsräume, welche die Menschheit für ihren Fortbestehen braucht, können gesichert werden, sofern zukünftige Bemühungen über die Etablierung von nachhaltiger Chemie, Ressourceneffizienz und Netto‐Null‐Emissionsziele hinaus gehen.
Data‐driven model‐free predictive control for microstage with coupling and hysteresis nonlinearities
Authors: Lin Shiqi , Chen Xuesong 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe precision motion control problem is investigated in this paper for microstages with cross‐axial coupling and hysteresis. Cross‐axis coupling generally results in stress‐stiffening effects, thereby causing time‐varying dynamics in the microstages. Additionally, when a microstage is driven by piezoelectric actuators (PEAs), the hysteresis effect of the actuator itself must also be considered. Modeling the microstages becomes complicated when both nonlinear characteristics, coupling and hysteresis, coexist. To address this challenge without the need for modeling, a novel data‐driven model‐free predictive control scheme called first‐order tensor‐vector product polynomial approximation based model‐free predictive control (TPPA
‐MFPC is proposed. TPPA
‐MFPC solely relies on the sampling input/output (I/O) data of the systems. The main concept behind TPPA
‐MFPC is to derive a linear approximation model using the I/O data collected during operation. This linear approximation model then serves as a nominal model in a predictive controller, enabling the control of the microstages. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed TPPA
‐MFPC scheme and the performance improvement over existing model‐free schemes, for example, proportion integration differentiation control (PID), model‐free adaptive control (MFAC), model‐free adaptive predictive control (MFAPC), data‐dependent LMI (DDLMI), and data‐enabled predictive control (DeePC) are demonstrated in the simulation examples with a 2‐degree of freedom (DOF) multileaf spring‐based microstage driven by PEA.
Water Assistance for Low‐Income Households: Analysis of LIHWAP Performance
Authors: Jones Jack P. , Carpenter Adam T. 
Published: April 2024

Key TakeawaysThe Low‐Income Household Water Assistance Program, or LIHWAP, was initially established as a way to help low‐income water customers struggling to pay their bills during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Qualitative analysis of LIHWAP‐funded efforts across the United States evaluated successes and challenges, with case studies illustrating how the program could improve.A permanent low‐income assistance program should focus on rate reduction, infrastructure, flexibility for different needs, and program compliance.
Relationship between first tarsometatarsal ligament morphology and its continuity with the fibularis longus and first tarsometatarsal joint degeneration
Authors: Sakamoto Kodai , Edama Mutsuaki , Osanami Haruki , Yokota Hirotake , Hirabayashi Ryo , Sekine Chie , Ishigaki Tomonobu , Akuzawa Hiroshi , Toriumi Taku , Kageyama Ikuo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explored the relationship between the morphological characteristics of the first tarsometatarsal ligaments and fibularis longus (FL) and the severity of articular cartilage degeneration in the first tarsometatarsal joint. Sixty legs from 30 cadavers were examined. The plantar, dorsal, and medial first tarsometatarsal ligaments were classified by fiber bundle number, and their morphological characteristics (fiber bundle length, width, thickness) were measured. The FL was categorized by its continuity with the plantar first tarsometatarsal ligament (PTML): Type A, connection with the PTML only on the first metatarsal; Type B, connection along the entire PTML; and Type C, no connection with the PTML. The severity of articular cartilage degeneration was assessed in four stages. No significant differences in cartilage degeneration among ligament types were found. Negative correlations were observed between the fiber bundle width and thickness of the PTML and the severity of cartilage degeneration. FL was classified as Type A in 68%, Type B in 27%, and Type C in 5% of feet. The fiber bundle thickness of the PTML in Type B was greater than in other types. Our findings suggest that smaller fiber bundle width and thickness in the PTML may be associated with severe cartilage degeneration. The FL had continuity with the PTML in 95% of feet and could enhance the mechanical strength of the PTML in Type B feet.
Establishment of a humanized mouse model using steady‐state peripheral blood‐derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells facilitates screening of cancer‐targeted T‐cell repertoires
Authors: Xu Yulin , Shan Wei , Luo Qian , Zhang Meng , Huo Dawei , Chen Yijin , Li Honghu , Ye Yishan , Yu Xiaohong , Luo Yi , Huang He 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCancer‐targeted T‐cell receptor T (TCR‐T) cells hold promise in treating cancers such as hematological malignancies and breast cancers. However, approaches to obtain cancer‐reactive TCR‐T cells have been unsuccessful.MethodsHere, we developed a novel strategy to screen for cancer‐targeted TCR‐T cells using a special humanized mouse model with person‐specific immune fingerprints. Rare steady‐state circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells were expanded via three‐dimensional culture of steady‐state peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and then the expanded cells were applied to establish humanized mice. The human immune system was evaluated according to the kinetics of dendritic cells, monocytes, T‐cell subsets, and cytokines. To fully stimulate the immune response and to obtain B‐cell precursor NAML‐6‐ and triple‐negative breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231‐targeted TCR‐T cells, we used the inactivated cells above to treat humanized mice twice a day every 7 days. Then, human T cells were processed for TCR β‐chain (TRB) sequencing analysis. After the repertoires had been constructed, features such as the fraction, diversity, and immune signature were investigated.ResultsThe results demonstrated an increase in diversity and clonality of T cells after treatment. The preferential usage and features of TRBV, TRBJ, and the V–J combination were also changed. The stress also induced highly clonal expansion. Tumor burden and survival analysis demonstrated that stress induction could significantly inhibit the growth of subsequently transfused live tumor cells and prolong the survival of the humanized mice.ConclusionsWe constructed a personalized humanized mouse model to screen cancer‐targeted TCR‐T pools. Our platform provides an effective source of cancer‐targeted TCR‐T cells and allows for the design of patient‐specific engineered T cells. It therefore has the potential to greatly benefit cancer treatment.
Unveiling the Biomedical Applications of Novel Coumarins Isolated From Capsicum Annuum L. Seeds by a Multivariate Extraction Technique
Authors: Younes Areej Hazem , Mustafa Yasser Fakri 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor the first time, kinetic thermomagnetic extraction is a novel approach presented in this work. It required the application of four distinct variables: rotation speed (50, 75, and 100 rpm), magnetic field (0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 T), time interval (30, 60, and 90 min), and temperature (45, 55, and 65 °C). Numerous phytochemical categories were detected in the 81 crude chloroform extracts of green sweet bell pepper seeds that were collected, according to phytochemical analysis. Nine extracts were discovered to be linked to the coumarin chemical class and to have the same two extraction parameters: a 90‐minute extraction duration and a 55 °C extraction temperature. To enable their coumarin contents to be chemically separated and chromatographically purified, two of these extracts containing coumarin were chosen. Four new phytocoumarins have been identified and their molecular structures distinguished using FTIR spectra, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and mass analysis. By using MTT probing, it was discovered that these phytocoumarins exhibited anticancer activities against eight malignant populations and reduced oxidative stress in human SH‐SY5Y populations. Similarly, the anti‐inflammatory and antidiabetic properties were determined using three and two associated enzymes, respectively. The results demonstrated that the extracted phytocoumarins have exceptional oxidative stress‐mitigating characteristics, ranging from 71.51 to 81.48 %, when compared to a positive control. Furthermore, they showed excellent cytotoxicity against the test malignant populations (IC50 values of 46.76–81.45 μg/ml). The isolates need to be taken into account as dual COX‐2/5‐LOX antagonists because they also showed a fascinating selective anti‐inflammatory effect. The phytocoumarins under investigation have selectivity indices that are higher than those of the standards used, suggesting that they may have the ability to selectively block the COX2 enzyme that induces harmful inflammation. Compared to the standards, the phytocoumarins have a higher ability to block the catalytic activity of 5‐LOX. This observation suggests that the phytocoumarins are powerful 5‐LOX agents. Finally, they had a modest antidiabetic impact when tested against two blood‐controlling enzymes. The authors came to the conclusion that the technique adopted is flexible and successful for extraction after modifying its components. Moreover, isolated phytocoumarins in general and natural‐B1 in particular provide naturally derived solutions for oxidative stress and its associated diseases.
Single‐dose ibuprofen induced Stevens–Johnson Syndrome
Authors: Alhatemi Ahmed Qasim Mohammed , Hashim Hashim Talib , Al‐Tarbosh Muhamad Abdulrahman Shyea , Abdulhussain Rand , Hashim Ali Talib 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageIbuprofen single dose may rarely induce Stevens–Johnson Syndrome, emphasizing the vital need for heightened vigilance in healthcare and public awareness for safer medication practices.AbstractStevens–Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is a severe and potentially life‐threatening skin disorder associated with certain medications, including ibuprofen. We present a case of a 45‐year‐old woman who developed SJS following a single dose of ibuprofen. Despite its rarity, this case underscores the importance of heightened vigilance in healthcare and public awareness regarding the potential risks of commonly used medications. Prompt recognition of SJS symptoms and immediate medical intervention are crucial for patient outcomes. Healthcare providers should exercise caution when prescribing ibuprofen, particularly in patients with a history of adverse drug reactions. This case emphasizes the need for ongoing monitoring, patient education, and informed decision‐making to promote medication safety and optimal patient care.