bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
trans‐6‐hexadecenoic acid in the spadefishChaetodipterus faber
Authors: Pearce Robert E. , Stillway Lewis W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFatty acid methyl esters were prepared from spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber) liver oil and were analyzed by open tublar gas chromatography. The unusual fatty acidtrans‐6‐hexadecenoic acid was identified as a major monoenoic component by reductive ozonolysis and by mass spectrometry of the di‐trimethylsilyl ether. Very minor amounts of 7‐methyl‐7‐hexadecenoic acid were found.
Gemcadiol: A new antilipemic drug, a clinical trial
Authors: Blumenthal H. Peter , Ryan Jerome R. , Jain Adesh K. , McMahon F. Gilbert 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNineteen patients with Type II, III, IV, or V hyperlipoproteinemia received gemcadiol (2,2,9,9,‐tetramethyl‐1,10‐decanediol) in daily doses between 1.2 and 2 g. The patients were hospitalized for dose titration and then followed as outpatients on appropriate doses of gemcadiol. In Type II hyperlipoproteinemia, serum cholesterol was lowered by an average of 24%. The serum triglycerides in Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia decreased by an average of 51%. Serum uric acid was not altered. There were no changes of subjective feelings or of clinical or laboratory findings, including creatine phosphokinase. This study indicates that gemcadiol is an effective antilipemic agent that is very well tolerated.
2‐Aminoethylphosphonic acid metabolism in the rat
Authors: Curley‐Joseph Jean , Henderson Thomas O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTime course studies of the incorporation of radioactive 2‐aminoethylphosphonic acid (AEP) into the tissues of rats demonstrated that maximum incorporation into the liver lipids occurred within 12 to 30 hr after injection, compared to 2 to 3 hr for the incorporation of phosphorylethanolamine. Little incorporation of AEP was observed in the other tissues investigated (heart, lung, spleen, adipose, kidney). The AEP was incorporated to the greatest extent into 1,2‐diacylglyceryl‐aminoethylphosphonate (diacylglyceryl‐AEP), the phosphonate analogue of phosphatidylethanolamine, with some incorporation into the lyso derivative. Diacylglycerol‐AEP apparently was not further metabolized by the rat; no methylation of diacylglyceryl‐AEP to phosphonolecithin was observed. Subcellular fractionation was performed on the livers of rats who received3H‐AEP 12, 30, 36, and 48 hr prior to sacrifice. The greatest amount of radioactivity was recovered in the soluble fractions. Lipid extraction was performed on the subcellular fractions, and most of the radioactivity present in the lipids was found in the microsomal fraction, with the next highest recovery in the mitochondrial and nuclear fractions.
Effect of dietary vitamin E on expiration of pentane and ethane by the rat
Authors: Dillard Cora J. , Dumelin Erich E. , Tappel Al L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn analytical method for the measurement of hydrocarbon gases in the breath of rats is described. The method was used to follow the expiration in rat breath of in vivo formed scission products of hydroperoxides. The major products are pentane from the linoleic acid family and ethane from the linolenic acid family. Rats were fed 0, 11 or 40 i.u. vitamin E acetate/kg diet for 7 wk starting at age 21 days. Data obtained by gas chromatographic analysis of breath samples were analyzed by the Mann‐Whitney nonparametricU‐test. This statistical analysis showed that pentane evolved by the group of rats not supplemented with vitamin E was significantly higher during the period 1–7 wk than that evolved by either of the two supplemented groups of rats. Ethane from the nonsupplemented group was significantly higher than that from the group supplemented with 40 i.u. vitamin E/kg of diet by 5 wk, and significantly higher than both supplemented groups by 6 wk. By 7 wk, pentane production was tenfold greater in the nonsupplemented group than in either supplemented group, and ethane was about twofold greater. There was no significant difference between the groups supplemented with 11 and 40 i.u. vitamin E/kg diet for either ethane or pentane. This new technique, which measures scission products from in vivo lipid peroxidation, promises to be useful for application to many experimental areas where lipid peroxidation is expected or known to occur.
The effect of temperature on the fatty acid and phospholipid composition ofCephalosporium falciforme andCephalosporium kiliense
Authors: Sawicki Edward H. , Pisano Michael A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the lipid composition ofCephalosporium falciforme andCephalosporium kiliense, causative agents of maduromycosis, was investigated. The fungi were grown at 28.5 C and 37 C in a chemically defined medium. The lipids were solvent extracted, purified on Sephadex, and separated into their component classes by silicic acid column chromatography. Five lipid classes were found: (a) sterol esters, (b) triacylglycerides, (c) free fatty acids, (d) sterols, and (e) phospholipids. Fatty acids were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography and phospholipids by thin layer chromatography. Temperature induced changes of varying degrees occurred in both the fatty acid phospholipid fractions of each organism.
Laboratory contaminants in lipid chemistry: Detection by thin‐layer chromatography and infrared spectrophotometry and some procedures minimizing their occurrence
Authors: Rouser George , Kritchevsky Gene , Whatley Mary , Baxter Claude F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMany sources of contamination for lipid preparations exist in the laboratory. These contaminants can be detected using thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and infrared spectroscopy. Numerous components that are potential contaminants and can lead to false analyses were demonstrated by TLC in laboratory soaps, cleaners, hand creams and lotions, hair tonics, laboratory greases, floor waxes, oil vapors, tobacco smoke, hydrocarbon phases for gas‐liquid chromatography, etc. Procedures preventing introduction of contaminants are presented including descriptions of equipment and precautions to eliminate or minimize contamination. These are useful in isolation of pure polar and nonpolar lipids.
The fatty acids of wax esters and sterol esters from vernix caseosa and from human skin surface lipid
Authors: Nicolaides N. , Fu Hwei C. , Ansari M. N. A. , Rice Gary R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSeparation of sterol esters from wax esters in the lipids of vernix caseosa and adult human skin surface was accomplished by column chromatography on MgO. The fatty acids of the sterol esters and wax esters of both samples were separated into saturates and monoenes, and examined in detail by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The saturated fatty acids of the wax esters of vernix caseosa and of adult human skin surface were remarkably similar. They ranged in chain length from at least C11 to C30, six skeletal types being present: straight even, straight odd, iso, anteiso, other monomethyl branched and dimethyl branched. A large number of patterns of monoenes were observed, each pattern consisting of desaturation of a specific chain at Δ6 or Δ9 plus its extension or degradation products. The mole per cent of the total Δ6 and Δ9 patterns of wax ester fatty acid monoenes of vernix caseosa were 87% and 12%, respectively, and 98% and 1%, respectively, for adult human skin surface lipid. The sterol ester fatty acids of vernix caseosa were much different from those of adult human skin surface: vernix caseosa saturates were largely branched and of lengths greater than C18, whereas the saturates of adult human surface lipid resembled the wax ester fatty acids. Of the vernix caseosa monoene patterns, the mole per cent was 30% Δ6 and 70% Δ9, whereas of the adult human skin surface sterol ester fatty acids 89% were Δ6 and 11% Δ9. Chain extension was particularly pronounced in the sterol ester fatty acid monoenes of vernix caseosa amounting to 7–8 C2 units in some cases. The fatty acids of the sterol esters of both vernix caseosa and adult human skin surface appear to be derived from the sebaceous gland and from the keratinizing epidermis, but those of the wax esters are from the sebaceous glands only.
The effect of two isomeric octadecenoic acids on alkyl diacyl glycerides and neutral glycosphingolipids of Novikoff hepatoma cells
Authors: Steele W. , Jenkin H. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe addition of 150 μg ofcis‐6‐octadecenoic acid (6–18∶1) per milliliter to the growth medium of Novikoff hepatoma cells reduced the rate of multiplication of these cells, whereas the same level ofcis‐9‐octadecenoic acid (9–18∶1) was without effect. The quantity of alkyl diacyl glycerols in cells grown in medium containing 100 μg/ml of either 6–18∶1 or 9–18∶1 was reduced to about 10% of that observed in cells grown in unsupplemented media. The presence of 6–18∶1 acid led to an increase in the concentration of the dihexosyl ceramide and a corresponding decrease in that of the monohexosyl ceramides of the cells; whereas the presence of 9–18∶1 resulted in an increase in the relative amount of tetraglycosyl ceramide and corresponding reductions in those of mono‐ and dihexosyl ceramide. Possible causes for these changes are discussed.
Dehydrogenation and dealkylation of various sterols byTetrahymena pyriformis
Authors: Mallory Frank B. , Conner Robert L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSterols are not found inTetrahymena pyriformis when this protozoan is grown in a medium free from exogenous sterols; instead, the principal solid alcohol that can be isolated from the organism is tetrahymanol. a pentacyclic triterpenoid alcohol with an unusual structure. The biosynthesis of tetrahymanol has been shown by appropriate labeling studies to involve a direct, nonoxidative, proton‐initiated cyclization of squalene rather than the more commonly found type of mechanism involving squalene 2,3‐oxide as an intermediate. In contrast, whenT. pyriformis is incubated with any one of a wide variety of added sterols, the biosynthesis of tetrahymanol is inhibited and the added sterol is accumulated by the organism and, in most cases, is converted metabolically into one or more other sterols. Four different types of transformation have been observed: the introduction of Δ5, Δ7 and Δ22 double bonds, and the removal of ethyl groups, but not methyl groups, from C‐24.
Chemical reactions at lipid‐gas interfaces: II. Insolubilizing reactions induced by an electrical discharge
Authors: Johnson C. B. , Wilson A. T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractReactions caused by corona discharges (passing through atmospheres of methane, hydrogen or argon) striking the surfaces of aqueous solutions containing long chain fatty acid salts resulted in the formation of solid and insoluble products. These results show that the fatty acid ions were oriented on the aqueous surfaces in such a way that the hydrocarbon chains projected out of the surfaces. Surface layers of long chain alcohols reacted similarly but short and branched chain compounds were not polymerized under the experimental conditions that were used. When methane or hydrogen was used as the discharge gas, reactions occurred along the hydrocarbon chains of the compounds so that the products consisted of networks of many short hydrocarbon chains. These reactions were probably caused by the penetration of hydrogen atoms into the surface layers. Joining of terminal methyl groups of the hydrocarbon chains was the main reaction observed when argon was used as the discharge gas.
Mono‐ and polyenoic acid distribution in plasma nonesterified fatty acids in Kwashiorkor
Authors: Hafiez A. A. , Khalifa K. , Soliman L. , Fayad I. , Fayek K. , Abdel‐Wahab F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPlasma NEFA levels were determined in Kwashiorkor (17 cases) and normal infants (13 cases) by Dole's method. The distribution of mono‐ and polyenoic acids was investigated by Abdel‐Wahab's method. Plasma NEFA levels were found to be significantly lower in Kwashiorkor infants (445 μEq/L±32) than in normals (591 μEq/L±66). Plasma oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were detected in measurable amounts in both Kwashiorkor and normals, but were significantly higher in Kwashiorkor. Arachidonic acid was hardly detectable in either group. The high levels of mono‐ and polyenoic acids in Kwashiorkor can be attributed to demands on them for the synthesis of fat and/or preferential utilization of the unsaturated fatty acids in mobilization of other lipid components.
The fatty acid composition of depot fat in childhood: II. A comparison of superficial and deep fat
Authors: Birkbeck J. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of the triglycerides in samples of depot fat obtained from superficial abodominal wall and from deep properitoneal sites in children has been determined. Although no clear pattern was observed, differences in individual subjects could usually be demonstrated between composition at the two sites. Although the differences in most instances were relatively small, these findings provide further evidence aganist the concept of the uniform composition of human depot fat.
Lipids of some thermophilic fungi
Authors: Raju K. S. , Maheshwari R. , Sastry P. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTotal lipid content in the thermophilic fungi—Thermoascus aurantiacus, Humicola lanuginosa, Malbranchea pulchella var.sulfurea, andAbsidia ramosa—varied from 5.3 to 19.1% of mycelial dry weight. The neutral and polar lipid fractions accounted for 56.4 to 80.2% and 19.8 to 43.6%, respectively. All the fungi contained monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and sterols in variable amounts. Sterol ester was detected only inA. ramosa. Phosphatide composition was: phosphatidyl choline (15.9–47%), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (23.4–67%), phosphatidyl serine (9.3–17.6%), and phosphatidyl inositol (1.9–11.9%). Diphosphatidyl glycerol occurred in considerable quantity only inH. lanuginosa andM. pulchella var.sulfurea. Phosphatidic acid, detected as a minor component only inM. pulchella var.sulfurea andA. ramosa, does not appear to be a characteristic phosphatide of thermophilic fungi as suggested earlier. The 16∶0, 16∶1, 18∶0, 18∶1, and 18∶2 acids were the main fatty acid components. In addition,A. ramosa contained 18∶3 acid. Total lipids contained an average of 0.93 double bonds per mole of fatty acids, and neutral lipids tend to be more unsaturated than phospholipids.
Fat metabolism in higher plants: LIII. Characterization of the product of the peanut α‐oxidation system
Authors: Markovetz A. J. , Stumpf P. K. , Hammarstrom S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe α‐oxidation system of germinated peanut cotyledons was purified some 60‐fold. Throughout the purification procedure the two activities, namely the formation of 2‐hydroxypalmitate and the formation of CO2, remained with a single protein fraction. A hydrogen peroxide generating system was still required by the 60‐fold purified system. Unlike the pea leaf system, molecular oxygen was ineffective. D‐2‐Hydroxypalmitic acid accumulates in the reaction mixture as α‐oxidation proceeds while L‐2‐hydroxy‐palmitate does not accumulate. Competition studies with unlabeled L‐2‐hydroxy‐palmitate would suggest it as the intermediate substrate of further breakdown.
Metabolism of 12‐ketooctadecanoic acid byEscherichia coli K‐12 andCandida tropicalis
Authors: Mizugaki Michinao , Sato Masao , Uchiyama Mitsuru 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe mode of degradation of long chain keto acids by two microorganisms was investigated.Escherichia coli K‐12 converted 12‐ketooctadecanoic acid to 4‐ketodecanoic acid, accumulating some amounts of intermediates, 10‐ketohexadecanoic, 8‐ketotetradecanoic and 6‐ketododecanoic acids. In contrast,Candida tropicalis completely metabolized the keto acid with transient accumulation of the metabolites mentioned above. The difference between the metabolism byE. coli of hydroxy acid and keto acid is that 12‐hydroxyoctadecanoic acid is degraded as far as 6‐hydroxydodecanoic acid, while 12‐ketooctadecanoic acid can be degraded as far as 4‐ketodecanoic acid.
Biosynthesis of brain sphingolipids and myelin accumulation in the mouse
Authors: Costantino‐Ceccarini Elvira , Morell Pierre 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMicrosomal fractions were prepared from the brains of mice sacrificed at 13 are points between 5 and 48 days of age. Several enzymatic activities implicated in sphingolipid biosynthesis were assayed. The developmental pattern for the terminal step in galactosylceramide synthesis, transfer of galactose from UDP‐galactose to ceramide, peaked sharply at 17–19 days of age. Thus maximal activity for biosynthesis of this relatively myelin specific lipid appears slightly before the time period of maximal rate of accumulation of myelin (21–23 days). These latter data were obtained by isolating myelin from mice at 10 age points from 9 to 45 days of age. A control enzymatic activity, transfer of glucose from UDP‐glucose to ceramide to form glucosylceramide, was high at all age points with a broad peak between 20 and 35 days of age. Condensation of palmitoyl‐CoA and serine to form ketodihydrosphingosine, a common precursor to both glucosyl‐ and galactosylceramide also followed a developmental pattern of high activity at all age points, but peaked slightly at ca. 10–12 days of age.
Tetra‐acid triglycerides containing a new hydroxy eicosadienoyl moiety inLesquerella auriculata seed oil
Authors: Kleiman R. , Spencer G. F. , Earle F. R. , Nieschlag H. J. , Barclay A. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe seed oil ofLesquerella auriculata contains 32% of a previously unknown fatty acid, 14‐hydroxy‐cis‐11,cis‐17‐eicosadienoic acid; we propose for it the trivial name “auricolic acid.” In addition, the oil contains 2% densipolic (12‐hydroxy‐cis‐9,cis‐15‐octadecadienoic) acid, 10% lesquerolic (14‐hydroxy‐cis‐11‐eicosenoic) acid and 5% ricinoleic acid. The oil ofL. auriculata is also unusual, because a large part of the total oil consists of triglycerides containing more than three acyl groups. These components were characterized by various chromatographic, spectroscopic and lipolytic techniques.
Arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids in developing gametophores and sporophytes of the moss,Mnium cuspidatum
Authors: Anderson Wayne H. , Gellerman Joanne L. , Schlenk H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of different parts of the moss,Mnium cuspidatum, which contains up to 35% arachidonic acid in its lipids, was studied through the annual cycle and especially during the period of rapid development of the reproductive parts. The content of 20∶4ω6 was highest in summer and lowest in winter; but for 20∶5ω3, the reverse was found. Levels of the acids, 20∶5ω3, 18∶3ω3 and 16∶3ω3 showed parallel fluctuations through the seasons of the year, and functionally they may substitute for each other. In contrast, 20∶5ω6 is at a high level when 18∶2ω6 is low. The latter acid accumulates in storage or dormant tissue and may be a reserve to form arachidonic acid for specific requirements in cell membranes when rapid growth resumes.
Long chain hydrocarbon profiles of Duncan grapefruit, Dancy mandarin and their hybrids
Authors: Nagy Steven , Nordby Harold E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSaturated and monounsaturated long chain hydrocarbons were determined in Duncan grapefruit, Dancy mandarin and their three hybrids: Seminole, Orlando and Minneola. The four most prominent hydrocarbons in the saturated group weren‐C23 and C25, and iso C23 and C25. In the monounsaturated group Duncan, Dancy and Seminole showed C29 as dominant, while C25 predominated in Orlando and Minneola. Seminole, Orlando and Minneola accumulated a noticeably higher percentage of branched chain monoenes than either of their parents. The saturated and monounsaturated hydrocarbon profiles of Orlando and Minneola were completely different from their parents.
The effect of dietary supplementation of cholesterol and its subsequent withdrawal on the liver lipids and serum lipoproteins of chickens
Authors: Kruski A. W. , Narayan K. Ananth 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTwo groups of male chickens were fed either a control diet (group N) containing a standard poultry ration admixed with 10% corn oil or a cholesterol diet (group C) in which the control diet was supplemented with 1% cholesterol. After 6 weeks on the diets, a negligible amount of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was found in the serum from control animals. On the other hand, the serum VLDL from the cholesterol‐fed birds was the predominant lipoprotein and carried 72% of the total serum lipids. Surprisingly this lipoprotein from cholesterol‐fed animals was very low in triglycrides (6%) and high in total cholesterol (77%). While the level of serum low density liporotein was unaffected by the ingestion of cholesterol, the concentration of total lipids and phospholipids in the high density lipoprotein decreased in cholesterol‐fed animals. The greatest change in liver lipids from animals fed cholesterol was found in the cholesterol esters, whereas the unesterified cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid varied slightly or remained constant. In normal animals the distribution of cholesterol between the liver and the serum was about equal, whereas in the cholesterol‐fed birds the liver accounted for 80% of the cholesterol found in the liver‐serum pool. In order to determine how the hypercholesterolemic bird responds to the withdrawal of cholesterol from the ration, a diet‐exchange experiment was conducted. In this study the birds that were originally fed the cholesterol diets (group C) for 6 weeks were placed on the control diet (group CN) and the birds fed the control diet (group N) for 6 weeks were given the cholesterol diet (group NC). At periodic intervals, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days following the change of diets, 3–5 animals from each group were sacrificed, and analyses performed on their serum lipoproteins and liver lipids. Within one day after the diet substitution, there was a 31‐fold increase and a 46% decrease, respectively, in the serum VLDL concentration in groups NC and CN as compared with their corresponding steady state values (groups N and group C, respectively). The liver cholesterol increased 4‐fold and decreased 40%, respectively, in the two groups NC and CN as compared with the values obtained before the diet substitution. It is suggested that the concentration of cholesterol in the liver is the principal factor controlling cholesterol metabolism in chickens fed a hypercholesterolemic diet.
Sulfated and nonsulfated bile acid in human serum
Authors: Makino Isao , Nakagawa Shoichi , Shinozaki Kenjiro , Mashimo Keimei 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe presence of sulfated bile acid in serum of healthy persons and patients with hepatobiliary diseases was recognized by using an Amberlite XAD‐2 column for extraction of bile acid and utilizing a Sephadex LH‐20 column for separation of sulfated bile acid (sulfate of either taurine or glycine conjugate), and nonsulfated bile acid (taurine and glycine conjugate. The values of nonsulfate determined in this study were almost similar to the level of total serum bile acid reported by previous workers. A small amount of sulfated bile acid was found in normal serum, and the percentage of sulfated to total bile acid was ca. 10%. In patients with hepatobiliary diseases, both levels of sulfated and nonsulfated bile acid in serum rose, but sulfate did not increase in parallel to the level of nonsulfate. A remarkable increase of serum‐sulfated bile acid could be observed in patients with cholestasis, while a slight elevation was noted in patients with chronic hepatocellar insufficiency. The percentage of sulfated to total bile acid was from 1.8 to 21.2% in patients with hepatobiliary diseases. Sulfated bile acid in serum consisted of only dihydroxycholanoic acid, deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acid. As no solvolysis was not carried out in previous works, bile acid sulfate in serum as described in this study was not determined at all.