bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jugular foramen peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Authors: Franklin Daniel J. , Moore Gary F. , Fisch Ugo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThough jugular foramen nerve sheath tumors are uncommon, they involve a critical area of the skull base. Therefore, a precise classification system is needed to accurately define the extent of these tumors and reflect their surgical management. A series of seven cases is reviewed incorporating such a classification system to illustrate the management of these lesions using the in‐fratemporal fossa type A approach.
Role of air contrast computed tomography in diagnosis of small acoustic neuromas
Authors: Lipkin Alan F. , Jenkins Herman A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSmall acoustic tumors occasionally cannot be diagnosed on standard radiologic studies. Over a 2‐year period, air contrast computed tomography (CT) has been used to study 22 patients in whom audiologic and vestibular tests suggested a tumor but no radiologic abnormality could be demonstrated; 8 air contrast scans were positive and subsequent exploration revealed tumors in 7 of these patients. In one patient an aneurysmally dilated anterior inferior cerebellar artery was found on exploration. Thirteen scans showed air filling the internal auditory canal with no evidence of tumor. One scan was nondiagnostic and upon exploration, a vascular loop in the internal auditory canal was found.Air contrast high resolution CT is the most accurate method available for detecting small acoustic neuromas. Indications for this technique are discussed along with general approaches to these patients.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic maxillary sinusitis
Authors: Maisel Barry O. , Koltai Peter J. , Goldstein Jerome C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPsendomonas aeruginosa (Ps. Au.) infection of the maxillary sinus has been reported as an incidental finding on routine antrostomy; however, it has also been noted in several studies as the significant organism in the etiology of chronic sinusitis. Four case reports of culture verified Ps. Au. maxillary sinusitis are presented. The therapeutic modality used in two of the cases was a Caldwell‐Luc operation and in two, an intranasal antrostomy. In all cases, multiple irrigations through the surgically created nasoantral windows were done postoperatively, as was the instillation of gentamicin ophthalmic drops intranasally. In all four cases the infection cleared with this combined surgical and medical therapy.
Heat myringotomy
Authors: Shelton Clough , Lau Pauline , Goode Richard L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHeat myringotomy using a commercially available, battery powered device produced an opening in the tympanic membrane that persisted 1 to 3 weeks. The procedure was performed to treat chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) in lieu of ventilation tubes in 10 pediatric and 15 adult ears under office iontophoretic anesthesia. These patients were followed for a minimum of 3 months to assess efficacy. Fifty percent of pediatric ears were controlled, eliminating the need for general anesthesia and tube insertion. Forty percent of adult ears were controlled with heat myringotomy. A description of the procedure, discussion of possible reasons for failure, and analysis of potential cost savings are included.
Basic metabolic rate in emotional stress: Its potential influence on cochlear function
Authors: Muchnik C. , Hlldesheimer M. , Rubinstein M. , Molho M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUsing a model previously described, prolonged emotional stress was induced in guinea pigs. Under this condition, arterial blood gases, blood glucose level, PO2 and PCO2 in the expired air, and the heat irradiated by the animals were measured and compared to those of the anesthetized guinea pigs. From the present study, two important findings should be mentioned. First, the metabolic rate of the animals under stress was 30% higher than in the anesthetized group. Second, the arterial PO2 level of the animals under stress was significantly lower than that in the anesthetized ones. Evaluating the noxious effect of severe and/or prolonged emotional stress, one should not neglect the increased oxygen demand resulting from the high metabolic rate of the subject. This factor, together with the decreased arterial blood PO2 level, reinforce the hypoxic effects on the cochlear function, caused by the vasoconstriction of the labyrinthine vessels.
Diagnostic potential of CT in neurotological disorders
Authors: Mafee Mahmood F. , Kumar Arvind , Valvassori Galdino E. , Dobben Glen D. , Meyer Dianne 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe reliability of a neurotological evaluation in differentiating labyrinthine (end organ) lesions from retrolabyrinthine lesions has been well established. The purpose of this communication is to determine the diagnostic potential of computed tomography (CT) in patients suspected of having retrolabyrinthine lesions on the basis of their neurotological evaluations. Our study indicates that the validity of central vestibular and audiometric signs can be best substantiated with CT. The anatomy of neurovascular bundles within the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine cistern can be readily visualized and identified by CT pneumocisternomeatography. By obtaining appropriate thin CT sections not only can very small lesions be identified but their anatomic locations can also be accurately established. CT pneumocisternomeatography is the method of choice to diagnose an intracnnalicular acoustic neuroma. An unusually large vascular loop of the internal auditory canal may be responsible for sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus in some patients.
Fixation of laryngeal stents
Authors: Mouney Daniel F. , Lyons George D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWith the advent of the CO2 laser, the transendoscopic placement of stents and keels has become an important adjunct in the surgical treatment of laryngeal webs and stenosis. Fixation of stents, however, is often difficult and cumbersome. Here, we describe two relatively simple techniques of laryngeal stent construction, placement, and fixation.
Tinnitus and/or hearing loss elicited by facial mimetic movement
Authors: Yamamoto Etuso , Nishimura Hiroko , Iwanaga Michitaka 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTemporary tinnitus and/or hearing loss elicited by contraction of facial mimetic muscles are often observed on the affected side in patients recovering from facial nerve paralysis and in those with facial spasm. In order to clarify the mechanism of this phenomenon, changes in auditory threshold and middle ear compliance during voluntary contraction of mimetic muscles were investigated. The results suggest that this type of tinnitus and/or hearing loss is due to nonacoustic contraction of the stapedial muscle synchronous with contraction of mimetic muscles.
Brush cytology for the early detection of esophageal carcinoma among patients with upper aerodigestive malignancies
Authors: Dowlatshahi Kambiz , Lester Eric , Bibbo Marluce , Johnson Charles 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe incidence of associated esophageal carcinoma (EC) among patients with upper aerodigestive tract malignancies is high. Esophageal brush cytology, as developed and evaluated as a screening device for early detection of EC among villagers of northeastern Iran,1 was employed to examine 56 clinic patients with known tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract on 106 occasions. Two asymptomatic EC were detected and are presented. The procedure was also used as an adjunct to endoscopy in order to monitor the response of tumors under treatment. Sensitivity of 40% and specificity of 90% were found and could be improved with more judicious application of the procedure. The use of this simple test for early detection of EC among this high risk subset of clinic patients is recommended.
Open mastoid procedures: Contemporary indications and surgical technique
Authors: Jackson C. Gary , Glasscock Michael E. , Nissen Alan J. , Bojrab Dennis I. , Schwaber Mitchell K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe history of the management of chronic ear disease with and without cholesteutoma is dominated by a canal wall down philosophy. The implication is that such an open procedure insures disease control and an uncomplicated future.In point of fact, problem canal wall down procedures can be fraught with as many seríous complications as their more controversial canal wall up counterpart is alleged to propagute. Such problem cavities most commonly result from poor execution of basic technique.The objective of this paper is to identify what constitutes a problem cavity and to describe the authors' techniques to avoid such difficulties. A technique has evolved which not only eradicates disease, but which is self‐cleansing and of minimal impact on the patient's lifestyle. The authors' experience with canal wall down procedures is reviewed.
The effects of anesthesia on middle‐eae effusions
Authors: Fried Marvin P. , Vernick David M. , Kelly James H. , Silberstein Victoria , Strome Marshall 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSurgeons occasionally note a discrepancy between preoperative assessment of middle‐ear effusion and operative observation during the placement of ventilating tubes in children's ears. This study was designed to determine whether this variance is secondary to the effects of inhalation anesthesia or misinterpretation of the preoperative exam. Observations were recorded by three distinctly different methods of measurement: the surgeon, the MD‐2 Impedance Analyzer, and the Acoustic Otoscope® immediately before and after induction of anesthesia. These results were then analyzed and compared with the operative findings. Anesthetic induction was shown to cause alteration in the presence of middle‐ear fluid in less than 10% of cases.
SCC‐RIA in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Eibling Col David E. , Johnson Jonas T. , Wagner Robin L. , Su Sean 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA reliable circulating tumor marker, appropriate for head and neck malignancy, is not yet available. This manuscript reports the efficacy of using circulating squamous cell carcinoma antigen in evaluating patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.Serum samples from 89 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were obtained before treatment and at intervals following treatment. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels were determined by radioimmunoassay.Elevated pretreatment serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen were identified in 39 of 89 patients (44%) who had head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Of the 16 patients evaluated from this group with recurrent or persistent disease, 15 (93.5%) demonstrated elevated levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen. However, of the 21 evaluable patients who remained disease free, only 10 (48%) had post‐therapy levels within the normal range. The possible use of this marker in aiding the clinical follow‐up of head and neck cancer patients is discussed.
Acoustic neuroma—the patient's perspective: Subjective assessment of symptoms, diagnosis, therapy, and outcome in 541 patients
Authors: Wiegand David A. , Fickel Virginia 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSurgical treatment of acoustic neuroma has been reviewed in the medical literature, but assessment of outcome from the patient's perspective has received little attention. The Acoustic Neuroma Association (A.N.A.) is a large organization of acoustic neuroma patients which provides information and support services. This article reports the subjective assessment of symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome as evaluated by 541 A.N.A. members. This retrospective study presents an extensive overview of the experience of acoustic neuroma patients treated at a variety of institutions, and provides a unique perspective not previously represented in the medical literature.
Brainstem auditory evoked potentials with increased stimulus rate in patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Fradis Milo , Podoshin Ludwig , Ben‐David Jacob , Statter Pioter , Pratt Hillel , Nahir Menahem 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCentral nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus is frequently occult, may be the presenting sign, and is a bad prognostic indicator. At present, there is no reliable, sensitive laboratory test for the evaluation and diagnosis of subclinical central nervous system involvement of the disease. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials with and without increased stimulus rate have been used to diagnose ischemic lesions in the central nervous system.Brainstem auditory evoked potentials, with and without increased stimulus rate, was used to investigate 15 systemic lupus erythematosus patients, 20 normal participants, and 5 patients receiving corticosteroids for bronchial asthma. A significant statistical difference was found in the net effect of increased stimulus rate in comparisons of the systemic lupus erythematosus patients with the normal group. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials, with increased stimulus rate, demonstrated subclinical involvement of the central nervous system in systemic lupus erythematosus, reinforcing the notion that increased stimulus rate measures are sensitive to ischemic changes, in this case, even in neurologically asymptomatic patients.
The role of fenestrated vessels for the secretory process in the nasal mucosa: A histological and transmission electron microscopic study in the rabbit
Authors: Grevers G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBoth nasal glands and nasal vessels are supposed to be responsible for the humidification of inhaled air. After previous studies on the vasculature of the nasal septal mucosa in the rabbit, we examined vessels of the anterior concha in order to find a morphological equivalent to explain the role of endonasal vasculature in the secretory process of this tissue. The main findings of our study include the detection of fenestrated endothelial walls of both capillaries and venous sinuses located underneath and directly adjacent to the basal cell layers of the epithelium. The same phenomenon fenestrated vessels underneath the epithelium with the fenestrated parts facing the epithelial cells has been described in other parts of the body and has been called “polar differentiation.” In accordance with the interpretations of other authors, we conclude that these features are responsible for the regulation of endonasal fluid exchange.
The effect of intracranial surgical trauma on gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Millen Steven J. , Daniels David L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the gold standard for diagnosis of an acoustic neuroma. Its status in diagnosis of a recurrent or residual neuroma is not nearly as clear. A pilot study of 36 postoperative cases showed enhancement in 100% of the patients at the operative site. To examine the role of surgical trauma and biodegradable packing on enhanced MRI, an animal study was designed. Cats and monkeys that underwent posterior fossa surgical procedures had preoperative and postoperative MRI and histologic correlation of any enhanced area. Areas of postoperative enhancement should not be considered as diagnostic of tumor. Further studies are necessary to develop a criteria for recurrent tumor diagnosis with enhanced MRI.
Sleep and posture
Authors: Tvinnereim Magne , Cole Philip , Haight James S. J. , Mateika Susan , Hoffstein Victor 
Published: October 2006

AbstractComputer‐assisted open catheter studies of 10 healthy, nose‐breathing men in dorsal and in lateral recumbent sleep demonstrated stable intrasubject transpharyngeal differential pressures and airflow resistances. They averaged 19.6 Pa (± standard deviation [SD] 11.9) and 0.103 Pa/cm3 per second (± SD 0.065) in the dorsal posture and stage II sleep during quiet breathing and were not significantly different in the lateral posture or in stage I sleep. Five subjects were snorers, and their pharyngeal airflow pressures and resistances increased substantially during quiet breathing on assumption of recumbency and much more in sleep. In the 5 subjects who were nonsnorers, postural changes were not significant and sleep increases were moderate. During snoring, transpharyngeal pressures and resistances increased even further, averaging 188 Pa and 1.02 Pa/cm3 per second for the whole group. Transpharyngeal differential pressures and hypopharyngeal transmural pressures frequently exceeded 300 Pa in inspiration and in expiration during periods of snoring. Yet, transpharyngeal differential pressures and resistances did not reveal appreciable differences between phases that would indicate compliant change of pharyngeal cross section. Breathing frequency was unchanged, but ventilation was significantly diminished at elevated upper airway resistances (P<.01). Transpharyngeal resistances and differential pressures varied independently from widely differing nasal resistances. As with our earlier studies, pressure measurements alone clearly demonstrated breathing patterns and events.
Intraepithelial lymphocyte subpopulations and dendritic accessory cells in normal and hypertrophic adenoids
Authors: Bani Daniele , Gallo Oreste , Fini‐Storchi Omero 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe adenoids have been studied by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy in children with and without adenoidal enlargement. Compared with normal adenoids, the enlarged ones showed a marked increase in the number of intraepithelial gamma‐delta TCR+ lymphocytes and a slight increase in the number of intraepithelial CD8+ lymphocytes. This was accompanied by large amounts of dendritic human lymphocyte antigen (D related) (HLA‐DR+) S‐100+ accessory cells in the lymphoid tissue underlying the epithelium. By electron microscopy, dead epithelial cells apposed to intraepithelial lymphocytes, and clefts of the epithelial lamina, could be seen frequently in the enlarged adenoids, whereas, in the normal ones, they could not. Based on these findings, the hypothesis is drawn that imbalance of the system of the intraepithelial cytotoxic lymphocytes may lead to increased killing of epithelial cells and uncontrolled penetration of exogenous agents, and hence be involved in the pathogenesis of adenoidal hypertrophy.
Methotrexate therapy for autoimmune hearing loss: A preliminary report
Authors: Sismanis Aristides , Thompson Tab , Willis Hayes E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe management of autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) continues to challenge the otologist. Steroids and cyclophosphamide, the two traditional medications for this malady, are often associated with serious adverse reactions. In an effort to use a less toxic medication, the authors treated five autoimmune SNHL patients with low‐dose oral methotrexate. Methotrexate has been found to be very effective in rheumatoid arthritis patients with acceptable adverse reactions. Preliminary results from this study indicate that methotrexate has the potential of being effective for autoimmune SNHL and associated otologic symptoms. Tolerance has been very good and side effects have been minimal.
Glottic configuration after arytenoid adduction
Authors: Woodson Gayle E. , Murry Thomas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIt has been recently noted that laryngeal paralysis results in a complex alteration of the glottis. The membranous segment of the paralyzed vocal fold is shortened, and, during phonation, patients use hyperfunction to shorten the normal vocal fold to about the same length. Additionally, if the paralyzed vocal fold is not near the midline, the angle between the membranous and cartilaginous segments of the vocal fold is decreased, resulting in a “posterior” gap which cannot be closed by hyperadduction of the normal side. To determine whether arytenoid adduction addresses these problems, videolaryngoscopy was analyzed in 11 patients before and after surgery, and results were compared to patient satisfaction and acoustic and aerodynamic assessment. The posterior gap and glottic competence were improved in all patients, but only 6 had improvement in symptoms. Two had persistent vocal fold bowing but achieved good function after Teflon® injection. Three patients, all with paralysis for more than 20 years, had no increase in vocal fold length and very little subjective vocal improvement. Arytenoid adduction is most effective in acute cases. Poor functional results in chronic paralysis are related to failure to achieve vocal fold lengthening, presumably due to soft‐tissue contracture.
Magnetic resonance imaging of intratemporal facial nerve lesions in the animal model
Authors: Orloff Lisa A. , Duckert Larry G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe facial nerve is often injured in head trauma. Computed tomography (CT) is the diagnostic study most frequently used to evaluate temporal bone fractures, but it does not demonstrate all soft tissues well. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to evaluate certain soft tissues, including cranial nerves. Experience with MRI evaluation of temporal bone trauma is limited and consists primarily of anecdotal reports. This study assesses the accuracy of MRI in evaluating experimentally induced acute intratemporal facial nerve lesions. The tympanic segments of the right facial nerve in nine rabbits were contused, and MRI scans were performed without and with gadolinium‐diethyl‐triamine‐pentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA) at varying intervals after surgery. MRI with Gd‐DTPA accurately identified the lesion site in eight of nine subjects. Gd‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI appears to be useful in the evaluation of traumatic facial nerve injuries.
Relationship between the gas composition of the middle ear and the venous blood at steady state
Authors: Luntz M. , Levi D. , Sadé J. , Herman M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractConcomitant continuous measurements of the steady‐state gas composition of the middle ear and of the venous blood were recorded by mass spectrometry in four guinea pigs. The following mean values were obtained for the partial pressures of middle ear gases; nitrogen + argon, 606.4 mm Hg; oxygen, 46.2 mm Hg; and carbon dioxide, 60.2 mm Hg. The corresponding values for the venous blood were as follows: Nitrogen + argon, 563.4 mm Hg; oxygen, 38.0 mm Hg; and carbon dioxide, 61.4 mm Hg. The similarity of the steady‐state gas composition of the middle ear to that of the venous blood suggests that the partial pressures of the gases in the middle ear are controlled by interchange with gases present in the blood.
The role of magnetic resonance angiography in head and neck surgery
Authors: Endres Donald , Manaligod Jose , Simonson Tereasa , Funk Gerry , Mcculloch Timothy , Hoffman Henry 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMagnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a recently developed, noninvasive vascular imaging technique. The authors of this investigation assessed the diagnostic value of MRA, along with its influence on therapeutic decisions, in 11 patients with a variety of head and neck disorders. In 5 patients, MRA diagnosed or ruled out an intrinsic vascular lesion. MRA was used to evaluate 5 of 8 patients with cancer for evidence of direct tumor involvement of vascular structures. Other uses of MRA included preoperative determination of tumor vascularity and delineation of anatomic relationships between normal vessels and head and neck pathology. Overall, MRA results guided management in 10 patients, and in some cases it determined the extent of surgical intervention. Because MRA is safer and more practical than traditional angiography, the authors recommend more frequent use of this imaging technique in the practice of head and neck surgery.