bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoderm in spiralians: the organizer and the 4d cell
Authors: Lambert J. David 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Spiralia is a clade of protostome invertebrate phyla that share a highly conserved mode of early development. Spiralian development is characterized by regularities in the arrangement of early cleavages, the fates of the cells that are produced by these divisions, and the development of the distinctive trochophore larva. Because of the strong conservation in early development, homologies can be identified between cells in divergent taxa. Some of the most striking examples of conservation in the spiralian embryo are in the cells that generate the mesoderm. The specification of the mesodermal precursors has been well characterized by embryological approaches, and recently the molecular mechanisms of mesoderm specification are starting to be elucidated. This review examines the development of mesoderm in spiralians in a comparative context, with particular focus on the relationship between the mesendodermal cell 4d and the embryonic organizer. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 310B:15–23, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of a grid‐based hydrological model and regional climate model outputs to assess changing flood risk
Authors: Bell V. A. , Kay A. L. , Jones R. G. , Moore R. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA grid‐based flow routing and runoff‐production model, configured to employ regional climate model (RCM) precipitation estimates as input, is used to assess the effects of climate change on river flows in catchments across the UK. This model, the Grid‐to‐Grid model or G2G, has previously been calibrated and assessed with respect to observed river flows under current climate conditions. Here, the G2G distributed model together with a lumped catchment model, the parameter‐generalized PDM, are applied to simulate river flow and derive flood frequency curves. Two sets of RCM precipitation time‐series, on a 25‐km grid and at hourly intervals, are used: (1) Current (1961–1990) and (2) Future (2071–2100). The effect of one extreme rainfall event in the current precipitation series is to raise the estimated peak flows for some catchments for high return periods under present day rainfall conditions. The future flow series does not contain a comparable flow peak. This significantly affects comparison of the flood frequency curves derived from the flow simulations obtained using the current and future precipitation estimates. Such variability in the results and the dependence on one or two extreme rainfall events emphasizes the need to examine more than one set of current/future precipitation scenarios for flood impact studies. In the absence of a formal ensemble of climate predictions, a resampling method is used to investigate the robustness of the modelled changes in flood frequency. Changes in flood frequency at higher return periods are, not surprisingly, found to be generally less robust than at lower return periods. This is particularly the case for catchments in the south and east of England, which were especially affected by the extreme rainfall event in the current precipitation series. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Contact areas of the tibiotalar joint
Authors: Windisch Gunther , Odehnal Boris , Reimann Reinhold , Anderhuber Friedrich , Stachel Hellmuth 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe contact areas between the articular surfaces of the talus and tibia are essential for understanding the mobility of the ankle joint. The purpose of our study was to reveal the contact area among the superior articular surface of the trochlea tali (target surface T) and the inferior articular surface of the tibia (query surface Q) under non–weight‐bearing conditions in plantar flexion and dorsiflexion. Twenty cadaveric foot specimens were dissected and scanned by a three‐dimensional (3D) laser scanner to obtain data point sets. These point sets were triangulated and a registration procedure performed to avoid any intersection of the two joint surfaces. For all points of the query surface Q, the closest distance to T was measured. In 11 of the 20 ankle joints, the contact area was larger in plantar flexion, in 5 it was nearly of equal size, and in 4 the two surfaces were found in a better congruence in dorsiflexion. The two articular surfaces can be in point or line contact and cause different motions while T is gliding on Q, so the original geometry of ligaments must be carefully reconstructed after injury or during total ankle replacement. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1481–1487, 2007
Repair of porcine articular cartilage defect with a biphasic osteochondral composite
Authors: Jiang Ching‐Chuan , Chiang Hongsen , Liao Chun‐Jen , Lin Yu‐Ju , Kuo Tzong‐Fu , Shieh Chang‐Shun , Huang Yi‐You , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAutologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been recently used to treat cartilage defects. Partly because of the success of mosaicplasty, a procedure that involves the implantation of native osteochondral plugs, it is of potential significance to consider the application of ACI in the form of biphasic osteochondral composites. To test the clinical applicability of such composite construct, we repaired osteochondral defect with ACI at low cell‐seeding density on a biphasic scaffold, and combined graft harvest and implantation in a single surgery. We fabricated a biphasic cylindrical porous plug of DL‐poly‐lactide‐co‐glycolide, with its lower body impregnated with β‐tricalcium phosphate as the osseous phase. Osteochondral defects were surgically created at the weight‐bearing surface of femoral condyles of Lee‐Sung mini‐pigs. Autologous chondrocytes isolated from the cartilage were seeded into the upper, chondral phase of the plug, which was inserted by press‐fitting to fill the defect. Defects treated with cell‐free plugs served as control. Outcome of repair was examined 6 months after surgery. In the osseous phase, the biomaterial retained in the center and cancellous bone formed in the periphery, integrating well with native subchondral bone with extensive remodeling, as depicted on X‐ray roentgenography by higher radiolucency. In the chondral phase, collagen type II immunohistochemistry and Safranin O histological staining showed hyaline cartilage regeneration in the experimental group, whereas only fibrous tissue formed in the control group. On the International Cartilage Repair Society Scale, the experimental group had higher mean scores in surface, matrix, cell distribution, and cell viability than control, but was comparable with the control group in subchondral bone and mineralization. Tensile stress–relaxation behavior determined by uni‐axial indentation test revealed similar creep property between the surface of the experimental specimen and native cartilage, but not the control specimen. Implanted autologous chondrocytes could survive and could yield hyaline‐like cartilage in vivo in the biphasic biomaterial construct. Pre‐seeding of osteogenic cells did not appear to be necessary to regenerate subchondral bone. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1277–1290, 2007
A kinetic study of the reactions of (+)‐catechin with aldehydes derived from toasted oak
Authors: Nonier Marie‐Françoise , Vivas Nicolas , Vivas de Gaulejac Nathalie , Pianet Isabelle , Fouquet Eric 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe reactions between (+)‐catechin and representative oak wood furanic (furfuraldehyde, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde and 5‐methylfurfuraldehyde) and phenolic (vanillin and syringaldehyde) aldehydes in a wine‐like model solution were studied and the corresponding condensation kinetics at pH 3.0 and 3.5 were compared. A comparative study on the reactivity of these two representative families of aldehydes towards (+)‐catechin showed a large difference between them. When incubated separately with (+)‐catechin at both pH values, the reactions were faster with furanic aldehydes than with phenolic aldehydes. In mixtures containing (+)‐catechin and individual aldehydes, new compounds were identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/UV–visible detection, some of which were characterised by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS). The increase in solution absorbance with time was closely linked to these new products. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Local recurrence and local control of non‐metastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities: A 27‐year experience in a single institution
Authors: Bacci Gaetano , Forni Cristiana , Longhi Alessandra , Ferrari Stefano , Mercuri Mario , Bertoni Franco , Serra Massimo , Briccoli Antonio , Balladelli Alba , Picci Piero 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundIndications and contraindications for limb salvage versus amputation for local treatment of osteosarcoma of the extremity are still controversial.Patients and MethodsPatients (1,126) with non‐metastatic osteosarcoma of the extremity, treated in a single institution between 1972 and 1999 with different protocols of adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were evaluated to establish factors that could influence local recurrence (LR) and outcome.ResultsThe 5‐year event‐free survival and overall survival were 55% and 66%. At a follow‐up ranging between 5.5 and 32.5 years (mean18.6 years) of the 1,126 evaluated patients, 607 (54%) remained continuously disease‐free and 519 relapsed. LR developed in 61 patients (5.4%) after a median time of 2.3 years (0.2–17). For this group of patients the 5‐year post‐relapse event‐free survival and overall survival from the last relapse were, respectively, 11.4% and 16.4%. At the multivariate analyses only surgical margins and histologic response to preoperative treatment resulted to be independent prognostic factors for LR.ConclusionConsidering the risk of LR after surgery with inadequate surgical margins and poor prognosis of LR in osteosarcoma, limb salvage procedures should be performed only when adequate margins surgical margins can be achieved. In case of inadequate margins, an immediate amputation should be considered. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:118–123. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eigenvalue distribution of Mercer‐like kernels
Authors: Buescu Jorge , Paixão A. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe study eigenvalues of positive definite kernels of L2 integral operators on arbitrary intervals. Assuming integrability and uniform continuity of the kernel on the diagonal, we show that the eigenvalue distribution is totally determined by the smoothness of the kernel together with its decay rate at infinity along the diagonal. Moreover, the rate of decay of eigenvalues depends on both these quantities in a symmetrical way. Our main result treats all possible orders of differentiability and all possible rates of decay of the kernel; the known optimal results for eigenvalue distribution of positive definite kernels in compact intervals are particular cases. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
About explicit factorization of some classes of non‐rational matrix functions
Authors: Conceição Ana C. , Kravchenko Viktor G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe construct an algorithm that allows us to determine an effective canonical factorization of some non‐rational matrix‐valued functions. For those matrix‐valued functions whose entries can be represented through a innerouter factorization (when the outer function is rational) it is shown that its explicit factorization can be obtained through the solutions of two non‐homogeneous equations. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stokes resolvent systems in an infinite cylinder
Authors: Farwig Reinhard , Ri Myong‐Hwan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn an infinite cylinder Ω = Σ × ℝ, where Σ ⊂ ℝn –1, n ≥ 3, is a bounded domain of C1,1 class, we study the unique solvability of Stokes resolvent systems in Lq (ℝ; L2(Σ)) for 1 < q < ∞ and in vector‐valued homogeneous Besov spaces (ℝ; Lr (Σ)) for 1 ≤ p, q ≤ ∞, s ∈ ℝ, 1 < r < ∞. By a partial Fourier transform along the axis of the cylinder Ω the given system is reduced to a parametrized system on Σ, for which parameter independent estimates are proved. For further applications we obtain even parameter independent estimates in Lr (Σ), 1 < r < ∞, in the non‐solenoidal case prescribing an arbitrary divergence g = div u. Then operator‐valued multiplier theorems are used for the final estimates of the Stokes resolvent systems in Ω. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Applications of operator equalities to singular integral operators and to Riemann boundary value problems
Authors: Karelin Aleksandr 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn the first part of this article (Section 2), we consider a Riemann boundary value problem with shift and piecewise constant coefficients. In the second part (Section 3), we consider a matrix characteristic singular integral operators with piecewise constant coefficients of a special structure. Simplicity of the shift and the coefficients under consideration permits us to obtain conditions under which the Riemann boundary value problem admits an unique solution and to study the invertibility of the matrix characteristic singular integral operators. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Asymptotics of block Toeplitz determinants generated by factorable matrix functions with equal partial indices
Authors: Karlovich Alexei Yu. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe prove asymptotic formulas for block Toeplitz matrices with symbols admitting right and left Wiener–Hopf factorizations such that all partial indices are equal to some integer number. We consider symbols and Wiener–Hopf factorizations in Wiener algebras with weights satisfying natural submultiplicativity, monotonicity, and regularity conditions. Our results complement known formulas for Hölder continuous symbols due to Böttcher and Silbermann. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pseudodifferential operators with compound non‐regular symbols
Authors: Karlovich Yu. I. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLet V (ℝ) denote the Banach algebra of absolutely continuous functions of bounded total variation on ℝ. We study an algebra 𝔅 of pseudodifferential operators of zero order with compound slowly oscillating V (ℝ)‐valued symbols (x, y) ↦ a (x, y, ·) that satisfy a Lipschitz condition with respect to the spatial variables x, y ∈ ℝ. Sufficient conditions for the boundedness and compactness of pseudodifferential operators with compound symbols on the Lebesgue spaces Lp (ℝ), for p = 2 and 1 < p < ∞, are obtained. A Fredholm criterion and an index formula for pseudodifferential operators A ∈ 𝔅 are presented. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Factorization of singular integral operators with a Carleman shift via factorization of matrix functions: the anticommutative case
Authors: Kravchenko V. G. , Lebre A. B. , Rodríguez J. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with what we call modified singular integral operators. When dealing with (pure) singular integral operators on the unit circle with coefficients belonging to a decomposing algebra of continuous functions it is known that a factorization of the symbol induces a factorization of the original operator, which is a representation of the operator as a product of three singular integral operators where the outer operators in that representation are invertible.The main purpose of this paper is to obtain a similar operator factorization for the case of singular integral operators with a backward shift and to extract from there some consequences for their Fredholm characteristics. At the end of the paper it is shown that the operator factorization is also possible for other classes of singular integral operators, namely those including either a conjugation operator or a composition of a conjugation with a forward shift operator. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On some characterizations of Besov spaces of generalized smoothness
Authors: Moura Susana D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe present characterizations of the Besov spaces of generalized smoothness$ B^{\sigma,N}_{p,q} $(ℝn) via approximation and by means of differences. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A one‐parameter calculus for symmetric domains
Authors: Arazy Jonathan , Upmeier Harald 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe introduce a parameter dependent operator calculus on hermitian symmetric domains, interpolating the Toeplitz and Weyl calculus, and establish its basic properties including the Berezin transform for rank 1 domains. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulated annealing applied to the optimal plastic design of circular steel plates
Authors: Laplume D. , Lamblin D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article describes an application of the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to a structural problem, consisting in finding a minimum‐weight circular plate of the imposed limit load.For technological reasons, the considered plates are divided into rings of constant thickness. The boundaries of these rings may vary, so the thickness and size of each ring are the design variables to be considered. Although SA is mostly applied to handle combinatorial optimization problems, the present study shows that it can also be efficient in the field of mechanical engineering.Some particular aspects of the study are thoroughly described. For instance, technological constraints have to be considered: lower and upper bounds are imposed on the thickness of each ring, and a lower bound is imposed on the ring width. These constraints are not taken into account by means of a classical penalty method, but by a set of dedicated
procedures.The particular constraint of the imposed limit load is treated by solving the inverse problem at each iteration: the limit load of the current solution is computed and the geometry of the plate is adapted to fit the assigned value.After discussion about points of attention, general conclusions are drawn from the performances of SA in its present implementation. The obtained results show that the algorithm exhibits satisfactory levels of reliability and efficiency. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupled lattice Boltzmann method and discrete element modelling of particle transport in turbulent fluid flows: Computational issues
Authors: Feng Y. T. , Han K. , Owen D. R. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper presents essential numerical procedures in the context of the coupled lattice Boltzmann (LB) and discrete element (DE) solution strategy for the simulation of particle transport in turbulent fluid flows. Key computational issues involved are (1) the standard LB formulation for the solution of incompressible fluid flows, (2) the incorporation of large eddy simulation (LES)‐based turbulence models in the LB equations for turbulent flows, (3) the computation of hydrodynamic interaction forces of the fluid and moving particles; and (4) the DE modelling of the interaction between solid particles. A complete list is provided for the conversion of relevant physical variables to lattice units to facilitate the understanding and implementation of the coupled methodology. Additional contributions made in this work include the
application of the Smagorinsky turbulence model to moving particles and the proposal of a subcycling time integration scheme for the DE modelling to ensure an overall stable solution. A particle transport problem comprising 70 large particles and high Reynolds number (around 56 000) is provided to demonstrate the capability of the presented coupling strategy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zur Geschichte der Therapie der Epilepsie. Eine der ältesten bekannten Krankheiten
Authors: Tajerbashi Bardia , Friedrich Christoph 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Epilepsie gehört zu den ältesten Krankheiten und ist für nahezu alle alten Kulturen belegt. In der Therapie spielten lange Zeit magisch‐mystische Methoden eine bevorzugte Rolle. Erst im Corpus Hippocraticum verlor sie allmählich den Mythos einer “heiligen Krankheit”, und als Ursprungsort galt von nun an das Gehirn. Im Mittelalter nahm jedoch der Exorzismus neben Mitteln aus der Dreckapotheke noch eine bevorzugte Stellung ein. In der Frühen Neuzeit verwendete man pflanzliche Drogen und seit dem 18. Jahrhundert bevorzugt Radix Valerianae. Seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts fanden chemische Stoffe Eingang in die Therapie, zunächst Bromide und ab 1912 Phenobarbital (Luminal®). 1931 folgte das N‐Methyl‐Luminal und 1943 Phenytoin. Seit Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts werden Oxazolidin‐Derivate vornehmlich bei Petit‐Mal‐Attacken eingesetzt. Besondere Bedeutung erlangte das 1954 eingeführte Primidon. Als noch wirksamer erwiesen sich die 1951 synthetisierten Phenylsuccinimide. Die bereits 1881 synthetisierte Valproinsäure fand aufgrund des Nachweises antikonvulsiver Eigenschaften 1963 durch H. Meunier als Antiepileptikum Verwendung. Auf der Suche nach neuen Neuroleptika synthetisierten Walter Schindler (1912–1971) und Hans Blattner (geb. 1921), ausgehend vom Chlorpromazin, 1957 Carbamazepin, das fünf Jahre später als Antiepileptikum in die Therapie eingeführt wurde. Schließlich finden auch die 1961 von Leo Henryk Sternbach (1908–2005) entwickelten Benzodiazepine, besonders das 1963 eingeführte Diazepam, in der Akutbehandlung von Epileptikern Anwendung.
Die Kosten der Epilepsie in Deutschland. Gesundheitsökonomische Evaluation einer chronischen Krankheit
Authors: Dodel Richard , Rosenow Felix , Hamer Hajo Martinus 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObgleich Epilepsien eine der häufigsten chronisch neurologischen Erkrankungen darstellen und deswegen einen hohen Resourcenverbrauch im Gesundheitswesen erwarten lassen, stehen für das deutsche Gesundheitswesen, wie für viele andere neurologische Erkrankungen, nur wenige gesundheitsökonomische Evaluationen zur Verfügung. Jährlichen Gesamtkosten der Therapie sind anhand der vorhandenen Datenlage auf ca. R 10.000 zu schätzen, wobei indirekte Kosten überwiegen. Frühberentung gefolgt von Medikamentenkosten spielen die größte Rolle. Allerdings sind die Kosten für die Behandlung eines Epilepsie‐Patienten um ein Vielfaches geringer als diejenigen, die für andere chronische nervenärztliche Krankheiten, wie M. Parkinson (ca. R 20.000/a) oder M. Alzheimer (ca. R 35.000/a) anfallen. Für eine rationale Entscheidung zur Resourcenallokation sind detaillierte gesundheitsökonomische Evaluationen der eingesetzten alten und (in der Regel besser verträglichen) neueren Medikamente und der nicht‐medikamentösen Therapieformen dringend notwendig.
Neue Antiepileptika in der Entwicklung. Substanzen mit neuen Wirkmechanismen
Authors: Dannhardt Gerd , Kiefer Werner 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUnbestritten ist, dass sich durch den Einsatz von Antiepileptika der 2. Generation die Situation für Epilepsiepatienten entscheidend verbessert hat. Dennoch bleibt ein Patientenklientel, bei dem keine ausreichende Anfallskontrolle erreicht wird, das therapierefraktär ist oder im Verlauf der Behandlung wird. Weiterentwicklungen von AEDs aus der 2. Generation (“follow‐up compounds”) bzw. Wirkstoffe mit neuen Strukturen und Wirkmechanismen könnten zukünftig diese Lücke füllen.
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Authors: Schuwald Anita , Taupitz Thomas , Köper Katharina , Herdling Mirco , Dingermann Theo , Zündorf Ilse 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAm 26. April 2007 hat das Antiviral Drugs Advisory Commitee der FDA einstimmig die Empfehlung ausgesprochen, Maraviroc (Celsentri™) für die Therapie von vorbehandelten HIV‐Patienten mit CCR5‐tropen Viren zuzulassen. Die endgültige Entscheidung über die Zulassung wird in den USA im Juli erwartet, in Europa einige Monate später.