bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal cell carcinoma marker (RCC‐Ma) is specific for cutaneous metastasis of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Perna Ashley G. , Ostler Daniel A. , Ivan Doina , Lazar Alexander J. F. , Diwan A. Hafeez , Prieto Victor G. , Reed Jon A. 
Published: July 2006

Background:  Renal cell carcinoma marker (RCC‐Ma) is a monoclonal antibody against a normal renal proximal tubule antigen. RCC‐Ma expression is relatively specific for primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Its expression in cutaneous metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (MRCC) and other cutaneous clear cell lesions has not been studied.Methods:  One hundred and thirty‐seven cutaneous clear cell lesions including eight xanthomas, 32 xanthelasmas, 25 xanthogranulomas, seven balloon cell nevi, six clear cell hidradenomas, 29 sebaceous adenomas, six sebaceous epitheliomas, eight sebaceous carcinomas, and 16 MRCC were examined using immunohistochemistry for the expression of RCC‐Ma.Results:  RCC‐Ma was expressed in 10 of 16 (62.5%) MRCC, all with greater than 20% of cell labeling. Of these, 4 of 10 (40%) labeled with a membranous pattern and 6 of 10 (60%) labeled with both a membranous and a cytoplasmic pattern. RCC expression was not seen in any of the other clear cell lesions (p < 0.001). Furthermore, lack of expression in each of the other diagnostic groups was significant when each group was compared with the MRCCs (p < 0.01 at least for each group).Conclusions:  Our study demonstrates that RCC may be a valuable component of a panel of immunohistochemical markers when evaluating cutaneous clear cell lesions.
Bioimmunotherapy for melanoma using fully human antibodies targeting MCAM/MUC18 and IL‐8
Authors: Melnikova Vladislava O. , Bar‐Eli Menashe 
Published: July 2006

SummaryMetastatic melanoma is associated with high rate of patients’ mortality and represents a great challenge for cancer therapies because of its notorious resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Considerable efforts have been made over the last 2 decades in pursuit of new treatment modalities and identification of molecular events associated with melanoma progression and development of metastases. The acquisition of the metastatic phenotype is associated with overexpression of the adhesion molecule MCAM/MUC18 and the angiogenic factor IL‐8. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on MCAM/MUC18 and IL‐8, their transcriptional regulation, and their role in melanoma growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Further, we report on the development of new fully human antibodies, anti‐MCAM/MUC18 (ABX‐MA1) and anti‐IL‐8 (ABX‐IL8), and their effects on tumor growth and metastasis in animal models. Collectively, our studies suggest that ABX‐MA1 and ABX‐IL8 could serve as new modalities for the treatment of melanoma either alone, or in combination with conventional chemotherapy or other antitumor agents.
Oculocutaneous albinism type 4: six novel mutations in the membrane‐associated transporter protein gene and their phenotypes
Authors: Inagaki Katsuhiko , Suzuki Tamio , Ito Shiro , Suzuki Noriyuki , Adachi Koji , Okuyama Torayuki , Nakata Yusei , Shimizu Hiroshi , Matsuura Hironori , Oono Takashi , Iwamatsu Hiroko , Kono Michihiro , Tomita Yasushi 
Published: July 2006

SummaryOculocutaneous albinism type 4 (OCA4) is an autosomal recessive hypopigmentary disorder caused by mutations in the Membrane‐Associated Transporter Protein gene (SLC45A2). The SLC45A2 protein is a 530‐amino‐acid polypeptide that contains 12 putative transmembrane domains, and appears to be a transporter that mediates melanin synthesis. Eighteen pathological mutations have been reported so far. In this study, six novel mutations, p.Y49C (c.146A > G), p.G89R (c.265G > A), p.C229Y (c.686G > A), p.T437A (c.1309A > G), p.T440A (c.1318A > G) and p.G473D (c.1418G > A) were found in eight Japanese patients with various clinical phenotypes. The phenotypes of OCA4 were as various as the other types of OCA and probably depended on the mutation sites in the SLC45A2 gene.
A weak lensing estimate from GEMS of the virial to stellar mass ratio in massive galaxies to z ∼ 0.8
Authors: Heymans Catherine , Bell Eric F. , Rix Hans-Walter , Barden Marco , Borch Andrea , Caldwell John A. R. , McIntosh Daniel H. , Meisenheimer Klaus , Peng Chien Y. , Wolf Christian , Beckwith Steven V. W. , Häußler Boris , Jahnke Knud , Jogee Shardha , Sánchez Sebastian F. , Somerville Rachel , Wisotzki Lutz 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
We present constraints on the evolution of the virial to stellar mass ratio of galaxies with high stellar masses in the redshift range 0.2 &lt; z &lt; 0.8, by comparing weak lensing measurements of virial mass Mvir with estimates of stellar mass Mstar. For a complete sample of galaxies with log (Mstar/M⊙) &gt; 10.5, where the majority show an early-type morphology, we find that the virial mass to stellar mass ratio is given by Mvir/Mstar= 53+13−16. Assuming a baryon fraction from the concordance cosmology, this corresponds to a stellar fraction of baryons in massive galaxies of Ω*b/Ωb= 0.10 ± 0.03. Analysing the galaxy sample in different redshift slices, we find little or no evolution in the virial to stellar mass ratio, and place an upper limit of ∼2.5 on the growth of massive galaxies through the conversion of gas into stars from z= 0.8 to the present day.
Colonial Networks, Australian Humanitarianism and the History Wars
Authors: LESTER ALAN 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe ‘History Wars’ have brought contests among Britons over the colonisation of Aboriginal land and people to the forefront of public consciousness in Australia. These contests, however, were the result of trajectories that criss‐crossed British imperial spaces, connecting Australia with other settler colonies and the British metropole. A number of historians and historical geographers have recently employed the notion of the network to highlight the interconnected geographies of the British Empire. This paper begins by examining the utility of such a re‐conceptualisation. It then fleshes out empirically the networked nature of early nineteenth century humanitarianism in colonial New South Wales. Both therelativelyprogressive potential of this humanitarian network, and its complicity in an ethnocentric politics of assimilationism are analysed. Settler networks, developed as a counter to humanitarian influence in the colony, are also examined more briefly. This account of contested networks demonstrates that they were never simply about communication, but always, fundamentally, about the organisation and contestation of dispossessive trajectories that linked diverse colonial and metropolitan sites. The paper concludes by noting some of the implications of such a networked analysis of dispossession and assimilation for Australia's ‘History Wars’.
Spatial Variability of Controls on Downstream Patterns of Sediment Storage: a Case Study in the Lane Cove Catchment, New South Wales, Australia
Authors: MACNAB KAHLI , JACOBSON CAROL , BRIERLEY GARY 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis study uses GIS techniques to examine the spatial distribution of stream power along major streamlines in the Lane Cove catchment in northern Sydney, Australia. Channel gradient estimates derived from a 5 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) are combined with streamflow data to estimate stream power along river courses. Stream power and its constituent components are then related to a detailed field‐based assessment of sediment storage along the trunk stream and primary tributaries. At the catchment scale, sediment storage per unit length decreases as channel gradient and gross stream power increase. However, local controls such as variability in valley width and occurrence of confluence zones exert a greater influence upon sediment storage, disrupting systematic catchment‐wide relationships. The total volume of storage along each streamline has a strong linear relationship to the area of the subcatchment, but the distribution of sediment along streamlines varies between subcatchments. The GIS framework employed in this project allows generation of continuous, empirical data, thereby providing catchment‐specific predictive capacity that can accompany theoretical approaches to stream power modelling.
Constructing the Port: External Perceptions and Interventions in the Making of Place in Port Adelaide, South Australia
Authors: ROFE MATTHEW W. , OAKLEY SUSAN 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPort Adelaide, South Australia has been stigmatised as ‘Port Misery’ for over one hundred and fifty years. The origins of this stigmatised discourse can be traced prior to actual colonisation, having their genesis in wide political debates. This reflects the complex and contested nature of landscape, revealing that ‘Port Misery’ constitutes a powerful meta‐narrative that has been projected onto Port Adelaide by powerful and often external actors. This stigmatising discourse may lie dormant for prolonged periods of time, only to be remobilised to serve specific political, social and economic objectives. Recently, the ‘Port Misery’ discourse has been remobilised to justify the redevelopment of Port Adelaide from an industrial to a post‐industrial landscape.
Constructing Social Capital: Self‐Help Groups and Rural Women's Development in India
Authors: LAHIRI‐DUTT KUNTALA , SAMANTA GOPA 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe success of the group approach in rural micro‐finance among women has inspired the tendency to look at all networking as essentially good and desirable in rural community development, without acknowledging the entrenched caste, class, ethnic and religious hierarchies that lead to diversities among women. Government schemes designed for poverty alleviation among rural women tend to be influenced by concepts and models that have been successful elsewhere, but do not take into account the diversities of situations at the local level. Internationally popular catchwords are used indiscriminately without questioning how these concepts can work effectively in the specific local context. This paper examines why some ‘self‐help groups’ fail by using the Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) experience in India. The empirical survey was done over a period of two years in Burdwan, a relatively rich agricultural tract located in eastern India. We argue that whilst the ‘group’ has inherent benefits, it must never be allowed to become the paradigm in developmental policies for women.
Uterine artery embolization as a treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids: A review of literature and case report
Authors: Gainey Seals Judy , Jones Paul A. , Wolfe Cheryl 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPurpose: To provide a case presentation and review of the literature on uterine artery embolization (UAE) as a treatment alternative for symptomatic uterine fibroids and to guide the nurse practitioner (NP) in patient selection, education, and periprocedural management of patients undergoing this procedure.Data sources: Research articles, clinical articles, and case studies pertaining to UAE.Conclusions: UAE is a safe, well tolerated, and effective nonsurgical treatment option for symptomatic uterine fibroids. This uterus‐sparing procedure has low complication rates with excellent clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction rates. The majority of women who undergo UAE report marked reduction in the severity of fibroid specific symptoms and significant improvement in their quality of life.Implications for practice: Uterine fibroids are common in women and often produce symptoms that have a negative impact on quality of life. The NP is instrumental in identifying which patients may be appropriate candidates for UAE, educating them about the risks and benefits of the procedure, and managing these patients before and after the procedure.
Health information and risk behaviors among lesbian, gay, and bisexual college students
Authors: Ridner S. Lee , Frost Karen , LaJoie A. Scott 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPurpose: To describe differences in alcohol use, marijuana use, and smoking behaviors between lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) and heterosexual college students, and determine whether there was a difference in the health information each group received.Data sources: A random sample of 3000 college students aged 18–24 years who were currently enrolled at a southeastern metropolitan university on a full‐time basis were invited to participate. The final sample (n= 772) consisted of heterosexuals (n= 731) and LGB (n= 41) college students. Gay and bisexual men (n= 20) and lesbian and bisexual women (n= 21) were compared to heterosexual college students.Conclusions: Lesbian/bisexual women were 4.9 times more likely to smoke, 10.7 times more likely to drink, and 4.9 times more likely to use marijuana than heterosexual women. Gay/bisexual men did not significantly differ from heterosexual men. There was no difference in the health information on alcohol and drug prevention the groups received. Gay/bisexual men were less likely (p= .02) compared to heterosexual men to have received tobacco prevention information.Implications for practice: Advanced practice nurses must ensure that every patient receives preventive services and anticipatory guidance at every visit. LGB clients in particular need health assessments and interventions appropriate to their individual risk profiles.
Modeling the decision to transfuse in the operating room: clinical judgement surrounding transfusion
Authors: HARRISON MICHAEL J. , YOON SEA‐YOUNG 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to determine and quantify those factors that anesthetists use when deciding to transfuse blood and to create a model that could be used to make decision making more consistent. Two hundred audit forms, completed during intermediate or major surgery, were analyzed to determine the strengths of certain factors in the decision‐making process related to transfusion. Eighty of these had a satisfactorily complete data set with hemoglobin concentrations ([Hb]) between 7.0 and 10.0 g/dL. This audit demonstrates that, of the physiological factors, the risk of tissue hypoxia and the hemoglobin concentration were the most important, and the presence of ongoing bleeding an important contextual factor. Peer pressure to transfuse became apparent at a [Hb] of about 8.5 g/dL. A binary logistic regression (BLR) model, a probabilistic model (PM) and a neural network (NN) were created using this database and were used to predict transfusion decisions in a further 50 audit returns. Using [Hb], risk of tissue hypoxia and ongoing hemorrhage, the sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values and negative predictive values, respectively, were as follows: BLR, 83%, 81%, 86%, and 77%; PM, 100%, 62%, 78% and 100%; and NN, 86%, 82%, 86% and 82%. If physiological and environmental factors are combined into a statistical model, it is possible to predict the decision to transfuse with an overall accuracy of about 82–86%.
Preoperative autologous blood donation
Authors: ROSENCHER NADIA , SHANDER ARYEH 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYBlood‐conservation techniques are declining because of the increasingly safe allogeneic blood supply. However, they continue to be used because of the public’s perception of allogeneic blood risks and increasing blood shortage. Preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) may decrease the risk of postoperative infection, either because immunomodulation is avoided, or because bacterial or viral infections have to be carefully screened before inclusion of a patient in a PABD program. However, the higher risk of mortality from allogeneic blood transfusion is now more likely due to administrative errors and to blood‐transmitted infection, and the risks associated with banked autologous blood units are similar to those associated with banked allogeneic blood units. Therefore, when PABD is performed inducing anemia, there is an increase of the number of transfused units, thus an increase of the risk related to any transfusion. PABD is most beneficial in procedures that cause significant blood loss, in association with recombinant human erythropoietin administration and blood salvage. Identification of surgical candidates who will need transfusion and will therefore truly benefit from blood conservation must be based on factors specific to the patient, such as the baseline hematocrit and the anticipated blood loss during surgery. Professor Francesco Mercuriali promoted and validated this concept. The appropriate use of autologous techniques should be targeted toward the best possible cost‐effectiveness ratio for an individual patient. Despite its reduced role and declining rationale, PABD must be periodically revisited to assess its role in a changing environment.
NOVEL REACTION OF BENZOPHENONE WITH HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE: FORMATION OF 1,1,2,2-TETRAPHENYLETHANE
Authors: Kawanisi Mituyosi , Arimatsu Seiji , Yamaguchi Ryohei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Upon thermal treatment with hexamethylphosphoric triamide benzophenone afforded 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethane (I) by formally deoxygenative condensation together with diphenylmethane (II), benzhydryldimethylamine (III), benzhydrylmethylamine (IV), and benzophenone methylimine (V).
ANOMALOUS BIRCH REDUCTION PRODUCTS OF 1,1,4aβ-TRIMETHYL-2β-HYDROXY-8-METHOXY-1,2,3,4,4a,9-HEXAHYDROPHENANTHRENE AND UNUSUAL REACTIVITIES OF THE PRODUCTS
Authors: Hamanaka Nobuyuki , Okuno Toshikatsu , Nakajima Toshiaki , Furusaki Akio , Matsumoto Takeshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Birch reduction of the title compound 1 afforded a tetrahydroanisole 2 and its hydrogenolysis product 3. The methoxyl group of compound 2 is readily displaced by acetoxyl group with inversion of configuration by warming in acetic acid. Compound 3 is highly sensitive to oxygen; it is autooxidized to 8 on exposing to the air.
CODIMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE AND BUTADIENE BY THREE-COMPONENT CATALYSTS CONSISTING OF PALLADIUM SALT, LEWIS ACID, AND TERTIARY PHOSPHINE
Authors: Ito Takehiko , Kawai Tsunehisa , Takami Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A novel catalyst system consisting of palladium salt, Lewis acid, and tertiary phosphine was found to be effective for the codimerization of ethylene and butadiene in a solvent containing nitrobenzene. This catalyst system is characterised by the fact that any reducing agent is not included.
SYNTHESES OF ISOMALTOSE, ISOMALTOTETRAOSE, AND ISOMALTOÖCTAOSE
Authors: Koto Shinkiti , Uchida Tetsuo , Zen Shonosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Ethyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-α-d-glucopyranoside (II-1) was converted into p-nitrobenzoyl derivative (I-1), which was then brominated to give the bromide (III-1). III-1 was condensed with II-1 in nitromethane in the presence of 2,6-lutidine to give ethyl 2,2′,3,3′,4,4′-hexa-O-benzyl-6′-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-1-thio-α-isomaltoside (I-2) in 92% yield. This synthetic cycle was repeated twice to synthesize isomaltotetraose and isomaltooctaose as well as their related derivatives.
OPTICAL RESOLUTION OF Dl-ASPARTIC ACID IN THE PRESENCE OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE AMINO ACID AND COPPER (II) ION
Authors: Harada Kaoru , Iwasaki Tameo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Optically active aspartic acid copper complex crystallized from an aqueous mixture of Dl-aspartic acid, copper (II) ion and optically active amino acid. When l-amino acid was used, d-aspartic acid copper complex crystallized. A possible rationalization for the optical resolution of aspartic acid copper complex is suggested.
USE OF SURFACE REFLECTION IN SPECTRO-ELECTROCHEMISTRY. VISIBLE SPECTRA OF 9,10-DIPHENYLANTHRACENE RADICAL IONS
Authors: Matsumoto Tamotsu , Sato Masanori , Hirayama Satoshi , Uemura Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The surface reflection intensity of a tungsten-lamp light source at a platinum electrode changes with the electrolytic formation of colored radical ion; the method serves as a convenient means of obtaining an absorption spectra. An example is shown for the radical cation and anion of 9,10-diphenylanthracene in acetonitrile.
THE SYNTHESIS OF ANOMERIC METHYL 4-o-d-MYCAROSYL-β-d-MYCAMINOSIDES
Authors: Koto Shinkiti , Yago Kazuo , Zen Shonosuke , Omura Satoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The anomeric forms of methyl 4-O-l-mycarosyl-β-d-mycarninos ide (VII) were synthesized by the condensation of 3,4-O-carbonyl-l-mycarosyl chloride and methyl N-carboethoxy-des-N-methyl-2-O-p-phenylazobenzoyl-β-d-mycaminoside (III) and following removal of the acyl group and N-methylation.
THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF GERANIOL IN GERANIUM
Authors: Suga Takayuki , Shishibori Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The labelling pattern in geraniol biosynthesized from [2-14C]mevalonic acid in leaves of Pelargonium roseum Bourbon was consistent with the pathway shown in the scheme. The radioactivities at C-4 and C-8 (and/or C-10) were unbalanced, in opposition to the results observed for geraniol biosynthesized in flowers of the rose.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF DICHLORO-TETRAKIS(DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATO)TRIMERCURY, Hg3Cl2(S2CNEt2)4
Authors: Iwasaki Hitoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of mercury dichloride with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate gave triclinic crystals of the title compound in addition to two monoclinic forms of mercury diethyldithiocarbamate. An X-ray investigation has revealed that the mercury atoms are linked together by bridging carbamate groups and chlorine atoms to form an infinite linear chain.
A STABLE FREE RADICAL, 1-METHYL-2-METHOXYCARBONYLPYRIDINYL
Authors: Watanabe Hidetoshi , Ikegami Yusaku , Seto Shuichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A stable free radical, 1-methyl-2-methoxycarbonylpyridinyl, has been prepared by the reduction of the corresponding pyridinium iodide with 3 % sodium amalgam. The radical can be isolated in a pure form by distillation under a vacuum. Analysis of the hyperfine structure of the ESR spectrum reasonably explained the radical structure.
DECARBONYLATION REACTION OF SOME 5(4H)-THIAZOLONES: FORMATION OF CYCLOBUTENE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Kato Masahiko , Kobayashi Akio , Umemoto Susumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Thermal decarbonylation reactions of some 5(4H)-thiazolones were studied. In the case of 4,4-di(n-alkyl)-substituted 5(4H)-thiazolones, the novel formation of cyclobutene derivatives was found and attributed to the high reactivity of enamine intermediates.
CARBONYLATION IN LIQUID SULFUR DIOXIDE. III. THE ACYLATION OF VARIOUS NUCLEOPHILES WITH PIVALOYL CHLORIDE SbCl5 COMPLEX DERIVED FROM THE REACTION OF t-BUTYL CHLORIDE AND CARBON MONOXIDE IN SbCl5-LIQUID SULFUR DIOXIDE SYSTEM
Authors: Nojima Masatomo , Shiba Fumiaki , Yoshimura Masakatsu , Tokura Niichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The intermediate obtained by the reaction of t-butyl chloride with carbon monoxide in the SbCl5-liq.SO2 system was found to be a complex of pivaloyl chloride with SbCl5 by N.M.R. spectroscopy. This intermediate was used as the acylating agent for various nucleophiles. Water, ethanol, cycloolefins and aniline reacted with the acylating agent in situ in liquid sulfur dioxide to give carboxylic acid, ester, α,β-unsaturated ketones, acid amide, respectively, in fair yields. The reaction with benzene gave only t-butylbenzene and o- and p-chloro-t-butylbenzenes.
ABSORPTION AND CIRCULAR DICHROISM SPECTRA OF COBALT(III) COMPLEXES CONTAINING N3− OR NCS− IN THEIR “SPECIFIC ABSORPTION BAND” REGION
Authors: Yamasaki Kiyoshi , Hidaka Jinsai , Shimura Yoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Circular dichroism spectra of cis-[Co(en)2(NH3)(X)]2+ and cis-[Co(en)2(X)2]+ type complexes with a pseudohalogeno ligand X (N3− or NCS−) were measured in 15–45 kK region. So-called specific absorption bands of these complexes were analyzed on the basis of CD patterns, which were also discussed in relation to the absolute configurations .