bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The need for formulation of Shilajit by its isolated active constituents
Authors: Ghosal Shibnath , Lal Jawahar , Singh Sushil K. , Goel Raj K. , Jaiswal Arun K. , Bhattacharya Salil K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractShilajit, a panacea of oriental medicine, collected from different countries, exhibits overtly different levels of bioactivity. The effects of shilajit, collected from India, Nepal, Pakistan and Soviet Russia, and the effects of organic constituents isolated from a potent shilajit sample, were studied in a number of antistress and CNS activity paradigms. Shilajit from Kumaon (India), Dolpa (Nepal), and a combintion (1:1) of the total ethylacetate extracts (TE) and fulvic acids (FAs), from Kumaon shilajit, produced statistically significant effects in forced swimming‐induced immobility in albino mice; restraint stress and aspirin‐induced gastric ulcers in pylorus ligated albino rats; and augmented the learning acquisition and memory retention in old rats. The potential risk of ingesting shilajit, in the native form as a ‘health product’, was appraised in view of its high stable free radical content and possible contamination with mycotoxin‐producing fungi. Hence, there is an imperative need for formulation of shilajit on the basis of its isolated active constituents (TE and FAs). Additionally, the physical and spectral characteristics of active FAs (bioactivity‐directed) were determined and compared with those of less active and inactive samples. These would provide predictability for selection of FAs for formulation of shilajit.
Enhancing effect of calaguala on the prevention of rejection on skin transplants in mice
Authors: Tuominen M. , Bohlin L. , Lindbom L.‐O. , Rolfsen W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCalaguala, an extract from the fern Polypodium decumanum, has been used to treat psoriasis and other immunologically related disorders. In order to elucidate whether an immunosuppressive mechanism could explain the clinical effect, Calaguala was studied in a skin model of allograft rejection in mice. Calaguala significantly prolonged the allograft survival compared with untreated transplanted mice. The results indicate that Calaguala exerts an immunosuppressive effect which could explain at least partly, the positive clinical results on psoriasis.
Clinical studies on the palliative treatment of prostatic adenoma with extract of Urtica root
Authors: Belaiche P. , Lievoux O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effects of fluid of roots of Urtica dioica and Urtica urens on 67 men of over 60 years of age, suffering from prostatic adenoma, were studied. Functional symptoms such as nocturia were alleviated, particularly in less severe cases, and no untoward effects were observed.
Partially purified leaf extracts of Melia azedarach L. inhibit tacaribe virus growth in neonatal mice
Authors: Coulombié F. C. , Andrei G. M. , Laguens R. P. , de Torres R. A. , Coto C. E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNeonatal mice, inoculated intraperitoneally with 103 PFU of Tacaribe virus, died after developing a typical encephalitis. The administration of partially purified extracts of Melia azedarach L. (Ma) fresh green leaves, in seven doses by the same route, reduced virus spread which normally involves the kidneys, liver and brain. Mortality fell to 50% in treated mice and viral titres in brain were at least 3 logs lower than those of untreated mice. Surviving mice mounted a humoral immune response. High levels of neutralizing antibodies were present up to 60 days post‐infection when the animals were killed. Ma administration exerts a marked decrease in circulating interferon levels of infected mice. Thus, at day 6 post‐infection the amount of acid resistant interferon in treated animals was eight times lower than in those untreated.The antiviral effect of Ma in vivo is clearly stated in this murine‐arenavirus model.
Antiviral activity of panamanian plant extracts
Authors: Romin T. L. , Weber N. D. , Murray B. K. , North J. A. , Wood S. G. , Hughes B. G. , Cates R. G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPanamanian tropical forest plants are potential sources of useful medicinal compounds including some with antiviral activities. Extracts prepared from the leaves of seven plants (Alseis blackiana Hemsl., Aspidosperma megalocarpon Muell, Arg., Hybanthus prunifolius (Humb. & Bonpl.) G. K. Schulze, Ouratea lucens Engl., Piper cordulatum C. DC., Trichilia cipo C. DC. and Tetragastris panamensis Kuntze) were screened for antiviral activity using three separate assay methods. The more polar (aqueous and ethanol) extracts of all plants demonstrated antiviral and virucidal activities. Good activities were found in the Ouratea lucens and Trichilia cipo ethanol and aqueous extracts which were further characterized for antiviral activity and cytotoxic effects. These extracts had direct virucidal activity as well as intracellular antiviral activity against both DNA and RNA viruses. Antiviral activity was achieved with extract concentrations significantly lower than those necessary to produce cytotoxic effects. Additionally, extracts were less toxic to normal cells than to the tumour cells tested.
Reversal of thioacetamide induced cholestasis by picroliv in rodents
Authors: Shukla B. , Visen P. K. S. , Patnaik G. K. , Dhawan B. N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThioacetamide (100 and 200 mg/kg s.c.) reduced the volume of bile secretion by 33.1–50.6% and this was accompanied by a reduction in bile acids (31–54%) and bile salts (60–61%) in conscious rats and anaesthetized guinea‐pigs. A significant reversal of these effects was achieved by pretreatment with picroliv, the hepato‐protective principle of Picrorhiza kurrooa, in a dose dependent manner against thioacetamide‐induced cholestasis. Picroliv was found to be more active than silymarin in both experimental models of cholestasis.
Hepatoprotective activity in the rat of ursolic acid isolated from eucalyptus hybrid
Authors: Shukla B. , Visen P. K. S. , Patnaik G. K. , Tripathi S. C. , Srimal R. C. , Dayal R. , Dobhal P. C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUrsolic acid has been evaluated for its choleretic, anticholestatic and hepatoprotective activities in rats. It produced a dose‐dependent (5–20 mg/kg) choleretic effect. Significant anticholestatic activity (27.9–100%) was observed against paracetamol (2.0 g/kg) induced cholestasis. The compound also showed a marked hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol and galactosamine (800 mg/kg) induced hepatotoxicity by reversing the altered values in viability of the isolated hepatocytes and the altered biochemical liver and serum parameters. The activity of ursolic acid compared well with the known hepatoprotective drug, silymarin.
Potential teratogenicity in mice of the essential oil of Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl. Study of a fraction rich in sabinyl acetate
Authors: Pages N. , Fournier G. , Velut V. , Imbert C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA fraction of the essential oil of Salvia lavandulifolia containing 50% sabinyl acetate was used to evaluate its fetotoxic potential in mice. Pregnant dams were injected s.c. (15, 45 and 135 mg of this fraction/kg body weight) on days 6 to 15 of gestation. They were killed and subjected to uterine examination on day 17 of pregnancy. The fetuses were removed for examination and the maternal hepatic and renal weights were recorded. A significant maternal toxicity, as indicated by a reduced weight gain, was observed among pregnant dams receiving 45 or 135 mg/kg of the test material. In addition, a reduced hepatic weight was observed in the three treated groups in the females that had a reduced litter—thus indicating a greater susceptibility to sabinyl acetate during pregnancy—and in the 135 mg/kg treated group, in most of the dams. In the three treated groups the drug had a dose‐dependant abortifacient effect, but was not fetotoxic.This work underlines the potential risk induced by the uncontrolled use of such essential oils in aromatherapy.
Analgesic and antiinflammatory activity in acute and chronic conditions of Trema guineense (Schum. et Thonn.) Ficalho and Trema micrantha Blume extracts in rodents
Authors: Barbera R. , Trovato A. , Rapisarda A. , Ragusa S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe analgesic activity of extracts of Trema guineense (Schum. et Thonn.) Ficalho and Trema micrantha Blume were evaluated in mice by the acetic acid induced writhing test and in rats by the hot plate method. The antiinflammatory and antiarthritic activities were evaluated in rats by the carrageenin‐induced Oedema assay and Newbould's adjuvant arthritis test. Pharmacological activities were compared with indomethacin. The ether and ethanol extracts of both species showed a significant analgesic activity in both tests. As regards the antiinflammatory and antiarthritic activities, the ether extract of Trema micrantha (1 kg of dry leaves) produced the highest percentage of inhibition of carrageenin‐induced oedema and adjuvant arthritis and this effect was comparable to that of indomethacin.
Contractile effect of some extracts from the leaves of Musanga cecropioides (Cecropiaceae) on uterine smooth muscle of the rat
Authors: Kamanyi A. , Bopelet M. , Tatchum T. R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPortions of the hot water extract, chloroform and n‐butanol fractions of the leaves of Musanga cecropioïdes were used to challenge uterine strips from nonpregnant and early stage pregnant (3–8 days) female Wistar rats. Uterine strips were obtained from oestrogenized females. The aqueous and n‐butanol extracts (10 mg/L showed very marked uterotonic effects which were more pronounced in the pregnant females. These contractile effects were dose‐dependent and comparable to oxytocin and acetylcholine (100 μg/mL) but were all antagonized by ethanol, a potent Ca2t channel antagonist. These effects may account for the abortifacient properties of the extracts observed in previous in vivo trials.
Hypolipidaemic Activity in Rats of Bergenin, the Major Constituent of Flueggea microcarpa
Authors: Jahromi M. A. Farboodniay , Chansouria J. P. N. , Ray Anil B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOral administration of bergenin, isolated from the leaves of Flueggea microcarpa, to hyperlipidaemic rats for 14 days significantly decreased serum total lipid without much change in serum cholesterol and triglycerides. However, after 21 days of administration, the serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)—and very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL)—cholesterol levels were significantly reduced while the serum high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol level was elevated. Bergenin‐treated animals also showed a significant decrease in atherogenic index.
An extract of Desmodium adscendens inhibits NADPH‐dependent oxygenation of arachidonic acid by kidney cortical microsomes
Authors: Addy Marian E. , Schwartzman Michal L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCortical microsomes of human kidneys were used to study the effect of an extract of Desmodium adscendens on the cytochrome P450‐dependent arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. The phenolic compounds tyramine and hordenine, as well as triterpenoid saponins known to be present in the plant were also evaluated along with the extract, an n‐butanol fraction (nBF) of the crude plant extract. The extract and the compounds were pre‐incubated with the microsomal suspension before the addition of cofactors and radioactive AA. The products of the reactions and the unreacted AA were extracted, separtaed by HPLC and measured radiometrically. The total amount of radioactive AA converted, and the production of AA metabolites identified as epoxy‐eicosatrienoic acids, monohydroxy‐eicosatetraenoic acids, 19‐, 20‐ and di‐hydroxy derivatives of AA, were inhibited by nBF. The inhibition by nBF was shown to be dose‐dependent. A saponin, sapogenin and the phenolic compounds present in D. adscendens did not inhibit this oxygenation of AA. The results indicate that this plant contains an as yet unidentified inhibitor for the third pathway of AA metabolism.
Cardiovascular effects in rodents of the methanolic extract of the stem bark of Khaya senegalensis A. Juss
Authors: Olayinka A. O. , Onoruvwe O. , Lot T. Y. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe methanolic bark extract of Khaya senegalensis was investigated for its effects on the cardiovascular system. The extract increased the blood pressure of chloralose anaesthetized rats. The increase in rate and force of contraction of isolated, spontaneous rabbit atria evoked by the extract were dose dependent and less pronounced than those produced by isoprenaline. The chronotropic effects of the extract and isoprenaline were antagonized by propranolol which also abolished the ionotropic effect of the extract and antagonized isoprenaline‐induced inotrophy. The vasoconstrictor effect of the extract observed with isolated spiral strips of rabbit aorta was dose dependent, less potent than noradrenaline and was abolished by prazosin. These findings indicate that the hypertensive effect of the methanolic bark extract of K. senegalensis is partly due to the stimulation of β‐receptors and α‐adrenoceptors.
Pharmacological screening of (+)‐Multifloramine from Colchicum decaisnei
Authors: Zarga M. H. Abu , Sabri S. S. , Al‐Tel T. H. , Atta‐ur‐Rahman  , Fatima N. , Shah Z. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract(+)‐Multifloramine (1) isolated from Colchicum decaisnei (Liliaceae) exhibited significant positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects on isolated rat atria. The positive inotropic effect was not antagonized by adding propranolol. The compound showed hypotensive and tocolytic activities. The LD50 of the compound in mice was found to be 383 mg/kg body weight. Its quaternary methiodide derivative (2) produced less effect on atria, uterus and mean arterial blood pressure. The LD50 of the derivative in mice was 31.6 mg/kg body weight.
Experimental pharmacokinetics of biologically active plant phenolic compounds. I. Pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in the rat
Authors: Geodakyan S. V. , Voskoboinikova I. V. , Tjukavkina N. A. , Kolhir V. K. , Kolesnik Yu. A. , Zjuzin V. A. , Glyzin V. I. , Sokolov S. J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of mangiferin (the main component of the drug ‘Alpizarin’) was studied by HPLC in rats after intravenous injection of the drug in a single dose of 0.3, 1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg and after its oral administration in a single dose of 50–500 mg/kg. It was shown that the mangiferin pharmacokinetics for the above dose levels was nonlinear, and within each dose could be described by a two‐compartmental model. Its nonlinearity might be associated with saturated binding and metabolism of the compound.
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) inactivation and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in vitro by Combretum glutinosum perr. (Combretaceae) extract
Authors: Pousset J. L. , Rey J. P. , Levesque J. , Coursaget P. , Galen F. X. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAmong the aqueous extracts of ten African medicinal plants traditionally used for the treatment of hepatic disease and which can inhibit hepatitis B virus antigen (HBsAg) in vitro, extracts from the leaf decoction of Combretum glutinosum proved to be the most active (100–500 ng/mL−1). With solvents of increasing polarity, a precipitate was isolated from the methanolic phase of this extract which contains gallic tannins and these compounds may be responsible for the effect on angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE).
Stimulation of tissue repair by Mikania cordata root extract in carbon tetrachloride‐induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Mandal Pradyot K. , Bishayee Anupam , Chatterjee Malay 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExperiments were carried out to determine the efficacy of the Mikania cordata root extract in the tissue repair activities in mice intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). We have estimated total plasma protein, albumin, globulin, blood urea, hepatic microsomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) and cytochrome P‐450 level. Acute single intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 (1 mL of 20% v/v in olive oil/kg body weight) decreased albumin and increased globulin level and thereby reduced the albumin‐globulin ratio. A lower blood urea level was also noticed after treatment of mice with CCl4. A 1 h pretreatment with the root extract tended to reverse these features which were found to be dose‐dependent, but the results were statistically significant in the dose range of 100–150mg/kg. The M. cordata root extract (at 150mg/kg) dramatically improved the level of hepatic microsomal RNA (42.2%; p<0.001) and cytochrome P‐450 content (70.2%; p<0.001) that were altered in CCl4‐induced liver damage. Based on these observations, it is considered that M. cordata root extract may alleviate the deleterious effects of CCl4, protect the liver cells and activate the hepatic reticuloendothelial system‐mediated defence mechanism as well as the regeneration of protein synthesis.
Anticholinergic effects of the methanol stembark extract of Erythrina sigmoidea on isolated rat ileal preparations
Authors: Nkeh Benedicta N. , Kamanyi A. , Bopelet M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe methanol extract of the stembark of Erythrina sigmoidea decreased the tone and spontaneous activity of isolated rat ileal preparations. It was found that at an extract concentration of 4.8 μg/mL, all activity was abolished. Carbachol and acetylcholine were both shown to be partially antagonized by the extract at 4.8 μg/mL. Atropine, the standard muscarinic antagonist had similar effects which were, however, less potent. Sustained spasms provoked by either of the two cholinomimetics were rapidly relaxed to levels below the zero point by small concentrations of the methanol extract as compared to relaxations provoked by atropine.
Quercetin and naringenin; effects on ulcer formation and gastric secretion in rats
Authors: Martin M. J. , Motilva V. , ÓN de la Lastra C. Alarc 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe antiulcerogenic effect of two flavonoids, quercetin and naringenin, in acute gastric ulcer (cold‐restraint and pylorus‐ligated) has been investigated. In both models quercetin and naringenin presented a significant decrease in ulcer index with respect to the control group. Nevertheless, in the Shay‐ligated method no decrease in either volume, acidity or pepsin were observed, however, a significant difference was found in histamine secretion values.
Use of crude extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in reducing cytotoxic effects of arsenic in mouse bone marrow
Authors: Roychoudhury Arati , Das Tandra , Sharma Archana , Talukder Geeta 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA relatively high concentration of crude extract of garlic, (Allium sativum L.)‐‐single clove variety, was found to reduce the cytotoxic effects of three doses of sodium arsenite, corresponding to 1/10, 1/30 and 1/50 of the LD50 in laboratory bred male Swiss albino mice. The animals were given a single oral dose of the chemical, together with the extract, and effects were observed after 24 h in bone marrow cells following the colchicine–fixation–airdry–Giemsa schedule. The endpoints scored were chromosomal aberrations and damaged cells.
Inhibitory actions of Ganoderma lucidum spore extract on delayed‐type hypersensitivity in mice
Authors: Ling‐Hua Zhang , Pei‐Gen Xiao 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore extract (GLSE) on murine delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) induced by sheep red blood cells (SRBC), 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene, and allotypic splenocytes was studied. It was found to inhibit the DTH reaction significantly. It is concluded that GLSE may inhibit cell‐mediated immunity in mice.
Antiinflammatory activity of ‘Soymida febrifuga’ (Mansa rohini) in rats and mice
Authors: Diwan Prakash V. , Singh Ashok K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe tree bark of Mansa rohini extract (MRE) showed a dose dependent inhibition of rat paw oedema. MRE also significantly reduced the volume of peritoneal ascites and gamma glutarnyl transpeptidase. The antiinflammatory activity of MRE was comparable to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents such as naproxen, ibuprofen and piroxicam. MRE was devoid of ulcerogenic properties and hence it is a potential antiinflammatory agent.
Blood pressure lowering effect of the aqueous extract of the stem of Ipomoea acanthocarpa (convolvulaceae) in spontaneously and salt‐loaded hypertensive rats
Authors: Kamanyi A. , Guizot C. Tchoumkeu , Bopelet M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSpontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and salt‐loaded hypertensive rats (SLHR) were submitted to a daily treatment by gavage of 2 mL/100 g body weight of the aqueous extract of the stem of Ipomoea acanthocarpa (30 mg/mL stock solution). A fall in blood pressure of nearly 13% was observed after two successive administrations of the aqueous extract. After 14 days of treatment, the blood pressure fell by more than 30±8%. The hypotensive effect might be due to a direct vascular smooth muscle effect or to its already observed high diuretic effects or might be acting by some other mechanism.
Protection of vascular endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidant injury by gypenosides, saponins of Gynostemma pentaphyllum
Authors: Li Lin , Lau Benjamin H. S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLipid peroxidation and toxicity associated with oxygen radicals have been suggested as major causes of cancer, atherosclerosis and the aging process. Damage of endothelial cells may lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Endothelial cells are susceptible to oxidant insult. In the present study, the antioxidant effect of a Chinese medicinal herb, Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino (Chinese name, Jiaogulan), was investigated in vitro using vascular endothelial cells. Confluent monolayers of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) were preincubated with different concentrations of gypenosides (GP, total saponins of Gynostemma pentaphyllum) for 16 h, then washed and incubated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 4 h. Cell injury was assessed by measuring the release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cell viability with tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Lipid peroxidation products of PAEC were monitored as thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) with a fluorometric assay. The results showed that 62.5 μM H2O2 incubated with PAEC for 4 h increased the percentage of LDH release, decreased cell viability manifested by MTT absorbance at 620 nm, and elevated TBARS. Preincubation of GP (25–150 μg/mL) with PAEC for 16 h before H2O2 exposure significantly declined LDH release, increased cell viability, and reduced TBARS. These results demonstrate that gypenosides can protect vascular endothelial cells from oxidant injury. The data thus suggest that gypenosides may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and for retardation of the aging process.
Effects of kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside on rat blood pressure
Authors: Ahmad Mansoor , Gilani Anwar‐Ul‐Hassan , Aftab Khalid , Ahmad Viqar Uddin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo flavonoids, kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside and rutin, were tested on normotensive pentothal anaesthetized rats for cardiovascular activities. Kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside showed a remarkable decrease in systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate, whereas rutin displayed no effect on any of the above mentioned parameters.