bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship of entropy‐related measures to money information
Authors: Swanson G. A. , Bailey Kenneth D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe specific purpose of this paper is to trace the development of entropy‐related thought from its thermodynamic origins through its organizational and economic applications to its relationship to money information. That trace reveals that existing entropy measures are of states or changes in states that are caused by energy processes. We propose that entropy may as well be conceived as entropic process. The social emergent specific exchange value provides a metric by which entropic process may be quantified. The analysis connects the traditional state‐oriented entropy measures to measures of entropic process in social systems. In doing so, the character of exchange‐based societies and the function of money information within them are elaborated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die “Passerelle” von Bordeaux – bedrohtes Denkmal des frühen Eisenbrückenbaus
Authors: Holzer Stefan M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract1858 bis 1860 wurden durch einen Brückenschlag über die Garonne in Bordeaux die unabhängig voneinander gewachsenen Netze der Paris‐Orléans‐Bordeaux‐Eisenbahn und der französischen Südeisenbahn (im Wesentlichen die Linie Bordeaux – Toulouse – Sète) miteinander verbunden. Diese Brücke namens “Passerelle” – eine der größten Eisenbahnbrücken ihrer Zeit – hat 150 Jahre dem überaus starken Eisenbahnverkehr gedient, ist aber jetzt durch einen direkt benachbarten Neubau überflüssig geworden und sollte eigentlich schon im August 2008 abgerissen werden. Spät, aber vielleicht gerade noch rechtzeitig, entstanden Initiativen zur Erhaltung dieses bedeutenden technikgeschichtlichen Denkmals.Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Brücke vor, ordnet sie in ihr zeitliches Umfeld ein und bewertet ihre Rolle für die Entwicklung des Eisenbahnbrückenbaus des 19. Jahrhunderts. Der Beitrag versteht sich auch als Sammlung von Argumenten zugunsten einer Weiternutzung oder Umnutzung und Erhaltung der Brücke, die in ihrer Bedeutung als Baudenkmal der Weichselbrücke von Dirschau und der Conway Bridge in Wales nicht nachsteht.
Die Sanierung der stählernen Wagenhalle des Bornheimer Depots – Teil 1: Die konstruktive Ausbildung und Bewertung der Denkmalschutzwürdigkeit der beiden Stahlhallen und deren planerische Umgestaltung
Authors: Möll Reiner , Stangenberg Peter 
Published: December 2008

AbstractVon den zwei im Jahre 1902 in Nietbauweise auf dem Grundstück des nicht mehr benötigten Bornheimer Straßenbahndepots in Frankfurt am Main errichteten Hallen hatte das Amt für Denkmalschutz die größere 3‐schiffige Halle als erhaltenswürdig erachtet, wobei dies auch ein Gutachten der ISIB (Institut für Schweißtechnik & Ingenieurbüro Dr. Möll GmbH) bestätigt hatte. Ein Investor kaufte die Halle und plante mit seinem Architekten ein modernes Einkaufszentrum mit der Maßgabe, möglichst viel an alter Bausubstanz zu erhalten. Der Bau einer Tiefgarage zwang zum Abriss der Halle. Damit wurde ein Konzept der ISIB befolgt, nach Zerlegung der Hallenkonstruktion in transportable Einheiten, diese von einer Stahlbaufirma überarbeiten zu lassen und mit einer Korrosionsbeschichtung und entsprechendem Wärmeschutz versehen, wieder an gleicher Stelle auf der Betondecke der Tiefgarage zu errichten.
Ein ungewöhnliches Stabilitä verursacht Schadensfall
Authors: Schmidt Herbert , Fastabend Michael , Swadlo Peter , Lommen Hans‐Gerd 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBeim Konstruieren geschraubter Anschlüsse von Druckstäben mit Kastenquerschnitt in zweiwandigen Fachwerken muss selbstverständlich die Verschraubbarkeit beachtet werden. Wenn aber dabei der klassische Konstruktionsgrundsatz, die Anschlussknoten so kompakt wie möglich auszubilden, in Vergessenheit gerät, kann das schwerwiegende Folgen haben, wie ein kürzlich eingestürzter Fachwerkträger gezeigt hat. Das dabei aufgetretene ungewöhnliche Stabilitätsphänomen eines Druckstabes wird hier der Fachöffentlichkeit vorgestellt, um ähnliche Unfälle zukünftig zu vermeiden. Die mit Hilfe einer linearen FEM‐Stabilitätsanalyse ermittelten Eigenformen und Eigenwerte werden diskutiert. Ergänzende nichtlineare FEM‐Analysen mit geometrischen Ersatzimperfektionen (sogenannte GMNIA‐Analysen) zeigen im Vergleich zur vorhandenen Belastung, dass der Einsturz unausweichlich war. Es werden einige Lehren und Empfehlungen zur Vermeidung des ungewöhnlichen Stabilitätsversagens aufgezeigt. Abschließend wird der Beitrag in den übergeordneten Kontext des “Forensic Engineering” als Mittel zur Verbesserung der Sicherheit unserer Baukonstruktionen eingeordnet.
Zuschriften zu: Gensichen, V., Lumpe, G.: Zur Leistungsfähigkeit, korrekten Anwendung und Kontrolle von EDV‐Programmen für die Berechnung räumlicher Stabwerke im Stahlbau (Teile 1–3)
Authors: Gensichen Volker , Lumpe Günter 
Published: December 2008

Abstract[Stahlbau 77 (2008), H. 6, S. 447–453 ; H. 7, S.531–537 ; H. 8, S. 608–613 ]
Curricular orientations, experiences, and actions: Graduate students in science and mathematics fields work in urban high school classrooms
Authors: Christodoulou Nikoletta , Varelas Maria , Wenzel Stacy 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe examined curricular orientations that graduate students in science and mathematics fields held as they experienced urban high‐school science and mathematics classrooms. We analyzed how these educators (called Fellows) saw themselves, students, teachers, schools, education, and the sense they made of mathematics and science education in urban, challenging settings in the light of experiences they brought with them into the project and experiences they designed and engaged in as they worked in classrooms for 1 or 2 years. We used Schubert's (Schubert (1997) Curriculum: Perspective, paradigm, and possibility. New Jersey: Prentice‐Hall, Inc.) four curricular orientations—intellectual traditionalism, social behaviorism, experientialism, and critical reconstructionism—to analyze the Fellows' journals, and to explore ways in which the positions they portrayed relative to curriculum, instruction, assessment, social justice, discipline, student involvement, teacher's role, subject‐matter nature, etc., shaped and were shaped by who they were before and during their classroom work. Our qualitative analysis revealed various relationships including: experientialists engaged in more open‐ended projects, relevant to students, with explicit connections to everyday‐life experiences; social behaviorists paid more attention to designing “good” labs and activities that taught students appropriate content, led them through various steps, and modeled good science and mathematics; and critical reconstructionists hyped up student knowledge and awareness of science issues that affect students' lives, such as asthma and HIV epidemic. Categorizing orientations and identifying relationships between experiences, actions, and orientations may help us articulate and explicate goals, priorities, and commitments that we have, or ought to have, when we work in urban classrooms. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 1–26, 2009
A disciplinary discourse perspective on university science learning: Achieving fluency in a critical constellation of modes
Authors: Airey John , Linder Cedric 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this theoretical article we use an interpretative study with physics undergraduates to exemplify a proposed characterization of student learning in university science in terms of fluency in disciplinary discourse. Drawing on ideas from a number of different sources in the literature, we characterize what we call “disciplinary discourse” as the complex of representations, tools and activities of a discipline, describing how it can be seen as being made up of various “modes”. For university science, examples of these modes are: spoken and written language, mathematics, gesture, images (including pictures, graphs and diagrams), tools (such as experimental apparatus and measurement equipment), and activities (such as ways of working—both practice and praxis, analytical routines, actions, etc.). Using physics as an illustrative example, we discuss the relationship between the ways of knowing that constitute a discipline and the modes of disciplinary discourse used to represent this knowing. The data comes from stimulated recall interviews where physics undergraduates discuss their learning experiences during lectures. These interviews are used to anecdotally illustrate our proposed characterization of learning and its associated theoretical constructs. Students describe a repetitive practice aspect to their learning, which we suggest is necessary for achieving fluency in the various modes of disciplinary discourse. Here we found instances of discourse imitation, where students are seemingly fluent in one or more modes of disciplinary discourse without having related this to a teacher‐intended disciplinary way of knowing. The examples lead to the suggestion that fluency in a critical constellation of modes of disciplinary discourse may be a necessary (though not always sufficient) condition for gaining meaningful holistic access to disciplinary ways of knowing. One implication is that in order to be effective, science teachers need to know which modes are critical for an understanding of the material they wish to teach. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 27–49, 2009
Constructing a doubt‐free teaching self: Self‐efficacy, teacher identity, and science instruction within diverse settings
Authors: Settlage John , Southerland Sherry A. , Smith Leigh K. , Ceglie Robert 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study examined the influence of field placements settings with varying demographic profiles on preservice elementary teachers. Data were gathered at three points during the participants' final year in their teacher preparation program in order to chart changes over time in science teaching self‐efficacy beliefs. These measures were supplemented by interviews to investigate attitudes about teaching science in diverse settings. Gee's identity framework (2000) and the dimensions of teacher development described by Bullough et al. [Bullough et al. [2004] Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice 10:365–394] were employed as interpretive tools. Statistical analyses of teaching self‐efficacy scores revealed marginal changes over time. Individual interviews revealed no discernible influence upon the teacher candidates' perceptions of science teaching selves that could be attributed to the demographics of their field placements. Emerging from this study was the previously underappreciated value of self‐doubt as a factor in motivating preservice teachers. The findings call into question the tendency to use heightened teaching self‐efficacy as an indicator of individual or programmatic success. This examination of preservice teacher development over the final year of a preparatory program, especially when considered in light of student diversity, demonstrates the soundness of Dewey's claim that uncertainty is a crucial component of learning and knowing. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 102–125, 2009
Interacting effects of tributyltin and 17β‐estradiol in male Chinese loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)
Authors: Lv Xuefei , Zhou Qunfang , Luo Wenru , Cao Dandan , Jiang Guibin , Deng Yulin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this study, male Chinese loaches in a semistatic waterborne exposure system were used to study the effects of tributyltin (TBT) on vitellogenin (Vtg) production induced by 17β‐estradiol (E2), TBT accumulation and distribution in tissues, and the effects of E2 on the distribution of TBT. The results demonstrate that TBT does not induce the synthesis of Vtg in male Chinese loach and that TBT could significantly inhibit Vtg production induced by E2, after exposure to binary mixtures of E2 and TBT for 14 days. TBT was found to accumulate in the liver, kidney, gills, intestines, and muscles of male Chinese loach, wherein the liver, kidney, gills, and intestines were found to have the most TBT accumulation. The existence of E2 did not significantly affect tissue distribution of TBT. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
A new hybrid heuristic multiuser detector for DS‐CDMA communication systems
Authors: Morra H. H. El , Zerguine A. , Sheikh A. U. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this work, we present a new multiuser detection (MUD) structure which results from incorporating the tabu search (TS) heuristic algorithm with the local search (LS) heuristic algorithm. The new proposed structure brings much improvement when compared to both the conventional (matched filter) detector and the decorrelating detector. Moreover, the new TS‐LS‐detector proposed here approximates well the performance of the optimal MUD detector but with a very low computational complexity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drooling in oro-motor dyspraxia: is there a role for surgery?
Authors: Rimmer J , Hartley B E J 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective:To report the successful use of a surgical approach for the treatment of drooling in a case of oro-motor dyspraxia.Case report:A seven-year-old girl with a diagnosis of oro-motor dyspraxia was referred for management of drooling; this was her only symptom. There were no focal neurological abnormalities. Conservative measures had not helped, and her parents were keen for definitive treatment. Bilateral submandibular duct transposition was performed with no complications. The patient's drooling improved immediately.Conclusion:There are currently no reports in the literature of surgery for persistent drooling in children with oro-motor dyspraxia who are otherwise neurologically and developmentally normal. The mainstay of treatment is speech and language therapy. We report the successful use of surgical techniques, usually reserved for children with cerebral palsy or severe neurological disorders, to treat drooling in an otherwise normal seven-year-old child with oro-motor dyspraxia.
Isolated adult Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in cervical lymph nodes: should it be treated?
Authors: Lo W-C , Chen C-C , Tsai C-C , Cheng P-W 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective:We report an extremely rare case of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis involving isolated cervical lymph nodes, and we discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this infrequent disease.Method:We present a case report and literature review concerning this disease entity.Results:A 54-year-old man presented with persistent, multiple, left neck masses. Histopathological study of lymph node specimens showed proliferation of Langerhans' cells coupled with eosinophilic and neutrophilic microabscesses. Positive immunohistochemical staining for Cluster of Differentiation 1a (CD1a) in Langerhans' cells confirmed the diagnosis. No other abnormalities were noted on a series of image studies. The patient was managed with ‘watchful waiting’ without subsequent therapy. The neck lesions regressed gradually over time, and the patient did well over a two-year follow-up period.Conclusion:The clinical presentation of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is highly variable, and the choice of treatment depends on the involved organs. Definitive diagnosis depends on identification of characteristic immunohistochemical or ultrastructural features of the biopsy specimen. Watchful waiting may be an effective management strategy in cases of adult isolated lymph node Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, due to its possible spontaneous regression.
Surgical management of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis in a patient with Eisenmenger's syndrome: literature review and case report
Authors: Pratap R , Qayyum A , Ahmad N , Jani P 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective:We present a patient with a rare combination of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and Eisenmenger's syndrome.Method:Case report and review of the world literature regarding the morbidity and mortality of surgical management of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and the potential hazards of non-cardiac surgery in patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome.Results:Failure of maximal medical therapy necessitated surgical management to treat amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis which, in this particular patient, carried significant risks. Total thyroidectomy was performed leading to rapid resolution of thyrotoxicosis, and the patient made an uncomplicated recovery. We present this case because of its rarity and the potentially hazardous nature of surgical intervention in patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome. The pathogenesis of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and the differing approaches of medical and surgical management are discussed.Conclusion:Based on our findings, we propose that surgical management should be considered earlier in the treatment algorithm (or possibly as first-line therapy) for amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis.
Mental disorders as risk factors for later substance dependence: estimates of optimal prevention and treatment benefits
Authors: Glantz M. D. , Anthony J. C. , Berglund P. A. , Degenhardt L. , Dierker L. , Kalaydjian A. , Merikangas K. R. , Ruscio A. M. , Swendsen J. , Kessler R. C. 
Published: December 2008

BackgroundAlthough mental disorders have been shown to predict subsequent substance disorders, it is not known whether substance disorders could be cost-effectively prevented by large-scale interventions aimed at prior mental disorders. Although experimental intervention is the only way to resolve this uncertainty, a logically prior question is whether the associations of mental disorders with subsequent substance disorders are strong enough to justify mounting such an intervention. We investigated this question in this study using simulations to estimate the number of substance disorders that might be prevented under several hypothetical intervention scenarios focused on mental disorders.MethodData came from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), a nationally representative US household survey that retrospectively assessed lifetime history and age of onset of DSM-IV mental and substance disorders. Survival analysis using retrospective age-of-onset reports was used to estimate associations of mental disorders with subsequent substance dependence. Simulations based on the models estimated effect sizes in several hypothetical intervention scenarios.ResultsAlthough successful intervention aimed at mental disorders might prevent some proportion of substance dependence, the number of cases of mental disorder that would have to be treated to prevent a single case of substance dependence is estimated to be so high that this would not be a cost-effective way to prevent substance dependence (in the range 76–177 for anxiety-mood disorders and 40–47 for externalizing disorders).ConclusionsTreatment of prior mental disorders would not be a cost-effective way to prevent substance dependence. However, prevention of substance dependence might be considered an important secondary outcome of interventions for early-onset mental disorders.
Remembering and Rethinking the Social Divisions of Welfare: 50 Years On
Authors: MANN KIRK 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis article revisits Titmuss's essay on the Social Divisions of Welfare (SDW) and reflects on its continuing relevance. Titmuss first presented the SDW in an Eleanor Rathbone Memorial lecture at Birmingham University in 1955, but it is best known from hisEssays on the Welfare Statepublished in 1958. Titmuss challenged the stereotype of ‘welfare’ as simply public welfare dependency and illustrated the different elements of the SDW. Some limitations of Titmuss's approach are identified, notably in relation to how he saw dependency arising, and revisions offered. The article provides a number of examples from the UK but also highlights some significant parallels with the SDW in the USA and Australia, the so-called ‘liberal welfare regimes’ (Esping-Andersen, 1990). Finally, it is claimed that 50 years on we need to be reminded of the insights and analytical potential of Titmuss's essay.
Rethinking the Risks of Home Ownership
Authors: SMITH SUSAN J. , SEARLE BEVERLEY A. , COOK NICOLE 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMost debate on home ownership and risk has focused on the management of mortgage debt. But there are other risks for home buyers in settings where housing dominates people's wealth portfolios: where the investment dimensions of property are at a premium; and where housing wealth is,de facto, an asset base for welfare. This article draws from qualitative research with 150 UK mortgage holders to assess the character, extent and possible mitigation of this wider risk regime. The analysis first explores the value home buyers attach to the financial returns on housing. Next we document the extent to which home equity is earmarked and used as a financial buffer. Finally, reflecting on the merits and limitations of this tactic, we conclude by asking whether – in the interests of housing and social policy, as well as with a view to managing the economy – there is any need, scope or appetite for more actively sharing the financial risks and investment gains of housing systems anchored on owner-occupation.
Gender Equity and Fertility in Italy and Spain
Authors: COOKE LYNN PRINCE 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGender equity and its effects on fertility vary across socio-political contexts, particularly when comparing less with more developed economies. But do subtle differences in equity within more similar contexts matter as well? Here we compare Italy and Spain, two countries with low fertility levels and institutional reliance on kinship and family, but with employment equity among women during the 1990s slightly greater in Italy than Spain. The European Community Household Panel is used to explore the effect of this difference in gender equity on the likelihood of married couples having a second birth during this time period. Women's hours of employment reduce the birth likelihood in both countries, but non-maternal sources of care offset this effect to different degrees. In Spain, private childcare significantly increases birth likelihood, whereas in Italy, father's greater childcare share increases the likelihood, particularly among employed women. These results suggest that increases in women's employment equity increase not only the degree of equity within the home, but also the beneficial effects of equity on fertility. These equity effects help to offset the negative relationship historically found between female employment and fertility.
Optimal design and implementation of an energy-efficient biped walking in semi-active manner
Authors: Wu Ting-Ying , Yeh T.-J. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYIn this paper, a biped that combines the merits of both powered and passive bipeds is proposed. The semi-activeness of the biped is due to the fact that during most of a walking cycle, only half of the joints are actuated to follow specific trajectories, and the other half of joints remain unactuated but have passive springs connected between adjacent links. It is expected that by having unactuated joints, the biped can preserve the power-saving feature of the passive biped, and by having actuated joints under active control, the biped can also achieve the stability and performance of the powered biped. To devise a systematic design methodology for the biped, its dynamics as well as the walking constraints are carefully studied. Furthermore, an optimization procedure is also proposed to compute the optimal trajectories for the actuated joints and spring constants, which can lead to minimum energy consumption. The feasibility of the proposed biped, including the system design and the control strategy, is verified by hardware implementation. Experiments indicate that the biped walking in the semi-active manner consumes 80% less the electrical power than the fully powered biped that performs the same gait and is more energy-efficient than several state-of-the-art bipeds.