bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of the 1873 CE “Breccia De Fiore” phreatic eruption at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) through historical chronicles, physical volcanology, and numerical modelling
Authors: Giansante Silvia , Esposti Ongaro Tomaso , Cioni Raffaello , Pistolesi Marco , de’ Michieli Vitturi Mattia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Phreatic events may represent precursors of magmatic eruptions or occur independently as single or multiple episodes at volcanoes with hydrothermal systems. We examine the Breccia De Fiore deposit from the prolonged phreatic activity during September–October 1873 at the La Fossa cone of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). By integrating data from historical chronicles, stratigraphy, sedimentology, physical analyses, and 3D numerical simulations, we investigate eruption dynamics. The sedimentological characteristics of the deposits, asymmetrically dispersed along the north-western flank of the cone, are interpreted as the simultaneous emplacement of pyroclastic density currents and ballistic projectiles. Numerical simulations model the eruptive mixture as an Eulerian gas-particle fluid coupled with Lagrangian ballistic particles. Results suggest the deposit originated from multiple, shallow, low-magnitude explosions (< 5 × 104 m3 cumulative volume). The deposit dispersal is well reproduced by simulating explosions from an inclined vent, driven by pressure build-up (up to 5 MPa) at shallow depths (< 150 m) within the hydrothermal system. This study helps constrain critical parameters of phreatic scenarios at La Fossa volcano, including erupted mass and specific energy, emphasising the hazards posed by such small events and the crucial need for improving hazard assessment, especially given the close presence of populated, touristic sites.
Transcriptomic Signature of Lipid Production in Australian Aurantiochytrium sp. TC20
Authors: Lee Chang Kim Jye , Gorron Gomez Eduardo , Ebrahimie Esmaeil , Dehcheshmeh Manijeh Mohammadi , Frampton Dion M. F. , Zhou Xue-Rong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aurantiochytrium not only excels in producing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid for humans, but it is also a source of essential fatty acids with minimal impacts on wild fisheries and is vital in the transfer of atmospheric carbon to oceanic carbon sinks and cycles. This study aims to unveil the systems biology of lipid production in the Australian Aurantiochytrium sp. TC20 by comparing the transcriptomic profiles under optimal growth conditions with increased fatty acid production from the early (Day 1) to late exponential growth phase (Day 3). Particular attention was paid to 227 manually annotated genes involved in lipid metabolism, such as FAS (fatty acid synthetase) and subunits of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) synthase. PCA analysis showed that differentially expressed genes, related to lipid metabolism, efficiently discriminated Day 3 samples from Day 1, highlighting the key robustness of the developed lipid-biosynthesis signature. Highly significant (pFDR < 0.01) upregulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase subunit B (PFAB) involved in fatty acid synthesis, lipid droplet protein (TLDP) involved in TAG-synthesis, and phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM-2) involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis were observed. KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted significant enrichment of the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (pFDR < 0.01) and carbon metabolism pathways (pFDR < 0.01). This study provides a comprehensive overview of the transcriptional landscape of Australian Aurantiochytrium sp. TC20 in the process of fatty acid production.
Importance of Considering Temporal Variations in Pulse Wave Velocity for Accurate Blood Pressure Prediction
Authors: Bantwal Aditya Satishkumar , Bhayadia Amit Kumar , Meng Hui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Continuous, cuffless blood pressure (BP) monitoring devices based on measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV) or pulse transit time (PTT) are emerging but are often plagued by large prediction errors. A key issue is that these techniques typically rely on a single PWV value, assuming a linear response and small arterial wall deformations. However, arterial response to BP is inherently nonlinear, with PWV varying over time [PWV(t)] by up to 50% during a cardiac cycle. This study evaluates the impact of assuming a single PWV on BP prediction accuracy.

Method
Using a Fluid-structure Interaction (FSI) testbed, we simulate the radial and common carotid arteries with the Holzapfel–Gasser–Ogden (HGO) constitutive model to capture nonlinear arterial behavior under a pulsatile physiological blood flow. Pressure data from FSI simulation are used as the ground truth, while inner area A(t) and two PWV values, at diastole and systole, serve as inputs to BP prediction models. Two models are tested: one using a single PWV value, emulating existing PWV-based BP prediction methods; another using the two PWV values to account for PWV(t).

Results
The single-PWV BP model produced prediction errors of 17.44 mmHg and 6.57 mmHg for the radial and carotid arteries, respectively. The model incorporating two PWV values reduced these errors by 90.6% and 96.8%, respectively.

Conclusion
Relying on a single PWV in BP prediction models can lead to significant errors. To improve BP accuracy, future efforts should focus on incorporating PWV(t), or at least both diastolic and systolic PWV values, into these models.
Multi-neighborhood simulated annealing for the integrated patient-to-room and nurse-to-patient assignment problem
Authors: Zanazzo Eugenia , Ceschia Sara , Schaerf Andrea 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We consider a recently proposed integrated healthcare problem that deals with the assignment of patients to suitable rooms in wards (Patient-to-Room) and the assignment of nurses to patients to balance their workload and reduce patient disturbance (Nurse-to-Patient), in one single stage. For this problem, we designed an integrated local search method that uses four distinct neighborhoods and is guided by a Simulated Annealing metaheuristic. We configured and tuned our search method, ran it on the available datasets with different running times, and validated it using the available solution checker. Finally, we compared the results with the ones available in the literature and with a sequential version of our method. The outcome is that our search method outperforms the previous ones, in particular for large and real-world instances. Finally, we observe that the integrated approach is particularly effective when the planning horizon is short.
Muscle path predictions using a discrete geodesic Euler–Lagrange model in constrained optimisation: comparison with OpenSim and experimental data
Authors: Lavaill Maxence , Chen Xiyu , Heinrich Simon , Pivonka Peter , Leyendecker Sigrid 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Accurate and robust modelling of muscle paths is crucial for predicting human movement. Traditional methods often rely on simplified straight-line representations and manual specifications of via-points and wrapping surfaces, which may lead to inconsistent and unrealistic muscle paths The discrete geodesic Euler–Lagrange (DGEL) method identifies geodesics with minimal curvature trajectories that adhere closely to anatomical constraints. Embedding DGEL into an optimisation problem with a specific objective function has the potential to identify muscle paths with smooth changes in muscle length over the course of the motion, thereby avoiding abrupt muscle discontinuities. This study aims to investigate the performance of the DGEL method. We developed multibody models with increasing complexity (i.e. a static arm model, a kinematic elbow model and a kinematic shoulder model) and investigated different scenarios, such as muscle attachment modifications, simulation of diverse motions and extreme ranges of motion. We performed a comparative analysis between the geodesic model and the open-source OpenSim framework, with validation against experimental data to assess physiological plausibility. Our findings reveal that the DGEL method overcomes limitations inherent in traditional approaches, including discontinuities and incorrect wrapping surface interactions. For the static arm model, the DGEL-computed muscle length showed a closer match to ground truth compared to OpenSim. In the elbow model, the DGEL method eliminated unphysiological muscle path discontinuities. In the shoulder model, the DGEL method was validated across three different motions against experimental muscle moment arms, achieving great accuracy and superior robustness in handling complex muscle paths. This method effectively addressed common pitfalls in muscle path modelling, such as bone penetrations and erratic trajectories. Future work will further validate the DGEL method across diverse real-world applications and optimise its performance through advanced objective functions. The DGEL approach represents a significant improvement in the accuracy and robustness of muscle path modelling, advancing the field of biomechanics and musculoskeletal modelling.
Discrete choice in marketing through the lens of rational inattention
Authors: Turlo Sergey , Fina Matteo , Kasinger Johannes , Laghaie Arash , Otter Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Models derived from random utility theory represent the workhorse methods to learn about consumer preferences from discrete choice data. However, a large body of literature documents various behavioral patterns that cannot be captured by basic random utility models and require different non-unified adjustments to accommodate these patterns. In this article, we discuss strategies how to apply rational inattention theory—which explains a large variety of such departures—to the analysis of discrete choice among multiple alternatives described along multiple attributes. We first review existing applications that make restrictive belief assumptions to obtain choice probabilities in closed multinomial logit form. We then propose a model that allows for general consumer beliefs and demonstrate its empirical identification. Further, we illustrate how this model naturally motivates stylized empirical results that are hard to reconcile from a random utility perspective.
The Provision of Relationship and Sex Education Programs for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder– Staff Perspective
Authors: Brown Mark J. , Murphy G. H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Relationship and Sex Education (RSE) has been integrated into the National Curriculum within UK schools for the past two decades. RSE aims to teach about the emotional, social, and physical aspects of growing up, relationships, sex, human sexuality and sexual health. Such a curriculum tends to be mainstream oriented, taught in large classes, with limited exploration and clarification for those who need it. There is concern that the development of incomplete knowledge and skills places the pupil with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in a difficult and potentially vulnerable position. This study was the first of three looking at development of a more appropriate RSE program for pupils with ASD. The study focused upon evaluating the RSE program being utilised at the time (2016) via face-to-face semi-structured interviews with teaching staff. Participants were either senior leadership members or school RSE coordinators and they came from 15 schools providing for pupils with ASD in London, Surrey, and Sussex.
The resulting qualitative data were analyzed for common themes. The resulting themes highlighted difficulties in implementing RSE programs with pupils with ASD, lack of resources and support, and being able to develop positive RSE. The results indicate that although those in charge of RSE implementation are committed, they are frequently faced with a range of barriers. The discussion section highlights the importance of this subject and the need to increase understanding in relation to such programs.
Applying debriefings in the context of higher education: How joint reflection fosters students’ collaborative problem solving
Authors: Schürmann Verena , Bodemer Daniel , Marquardt Nicki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
During collaborative problem solving, higher education students experience various challenges like communication and coordination issues. Moreover, they often report feeling unprepared to work in collaborative environments. Hence, despite the benefits of learning and working together, some groups fail to function, resulting in poor performance, low learning gains and dissatisfaction among group members. The current study investigates the potential of group reflexivity interventions (i.e., debriefings) as a means to foster students’ collaboration, performance and learning gain. Using a pretest–posttest design, 38 higher education students worked together in 14 teams to solve a collaborative problem-solving task in a hackathon-like setting. At the midpoint of the teams’ collaboration, they conducted either a debriefing (experimental condition) or a filler task (control condition). Quantitative (e.g., questionnaires) and qualitative data (e.g., video recordings) were collected and evaluated. Statistical analyses revealed beneficial effects for collaboration, but not for performance and learning gain. Observing the teams during the debriefings provided further insights into students’ joint reflection processes. The findings emphasize the potential of self-led debriefings in fostering students’ collaboration. Our study helps in understanding the linkage between debriefing and collaboration more precisely. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Pointless epistemic norms
Authors: Lee Wooram 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
You ought to believe in accordance with available evidence. This evidential norm, as widely recognized, can be implausibly demanding by requiring you to hold pointless beliefs. In this paper, I first consider some seemingly promising versions of the positive evidential requirement to form beliefs in accordance with your evidence and argue that they either fail to avoid the problem of pointlessness or fail to bind you independently of practical requirements. I then show that even the negative requirement not to believe against your evidence falls prey to the same problem: either it enjoins pointlessness or its binding force depends essentially on practical norms. This is puzzling, as our epistemic practice seems to presuppose evidential standards that are independent of practical rationality. I suggest that the alleged evidential “norms” are evaluative ‘ought’-statements about what it would be epistemically ideal for you to do, which, on their own, do not issue any genuine prescriptions or demands.
“They Just Don’t Get That We Matter”: Black Boys’ Critical Consciousness Development During a Health Crisis and Racial Reckoning
Authors: Carey Roderick L. , Polanco Camila , Blackman Horatio , Daughtry Kendell A. , Abrams Holly R. , Miller Mark X. , Marianno Latrice , Vilceus Sophia Sunshine , Alobwede Epie , Woelki William 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While the COVID-19 pandemic and heightened racial unrest throughout 2020–2021 brought forth unprecedented disruption and trauma to youth and their families globally, these societal occurrences also provided fodder for youth learning and development. We use a theory of critical consciousness development (e.g., critical reflection, critical motivation, and critical action) and a racialized lens on social-psychological “mattering” to explore the voiced perspectives of adolescent Black high school boys, who participated in our school-university research partnership called The Black Boy Mattering Project. Findings from focus group interviews, gathered over the course of two school years, revealed that as participants navigated the health crisis and widespread racial reckoning, they deepened their critical consciousness of their marginal mattering. Marginal mattering reflects a type of perceived insignificance driven by sensing hyper-awareness from others for the alleged negative traits of one’s minoritized (e.g., racial) group. It led to Black boys feeling unappreciated, undervalued, and even feared in society and school environments. Findings show that while maneuvering COVID-19, participants’ encounters with Black Lives Matter via social media and news outlets inspired their critical reflection on the racial realities that framed their social and school lives and fueled their marginal mattering. Participants also determined protestors’ capacity to impact social change for the Black community, which inspired them to evaluate their critical motivation for making school-level change. While participants did not join street-level protests, they engaged in critical action through social media and some school-based endeavors. Implications suggest ways forward for more humanizing school policies and practices.
In vivo medical imaging for assessing geroprotective interventions in humans
Authors: Svensson Jonas E. , Schain Martin , Plavén-Sigray Pontus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There is a growing interest in developing drugs with a general geroprotective effect, aimed at slowing down aging. Several compounds have been shown to increase the lifespan and reduce the incidence of age-related diseases in model organisms. Translating these results is challenging, due to the long lifespan of humans. To address this, we propose using a battery of medical imaging protocols that allow for assessments of age-related processes known to precede disease onset. These protocols, based on magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission-, computed-, and optical coherence tomography, are already in use in drug development and are available at most modern hospitals. Here, we outline how an informed use of these techniques allows for detecting changes in the accumulation of age-related pathologies in a diverse set of physiological systems. This in vivo imaging battery enables efficient screening of candidate geroprotective compounds in early phase clinical trials, within reasonable trial durations.
Employing Observability Rank Conditions for Taking into Account Experimental Information a priori
Authors: Villaverde Alejandro F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The concept of identifiability describes the possibility of inferring the parameters of a dynamic model by observing its output. It is common and useful to distinguish between structural and practical identifiability. The former property is fully determined by the model equations, while the latter is also influenced by the characteristics of the available experimental data. Structural identifiability can be determined by means of symbolic computations, which may be performed before collecting experimental data, and are hence sometimes called a priori analyses. Practical identifiability is typically assessed numerically, with methods that require simulations—and often also optimization—and are applied a posteriori. An approach to study structural local identifiability is to consider it as a particular case of observability, which is the possibility of inferring the internal state of a system from its output. Thus, both properties can be analysed jointly, by building a generalized observability matrix and computing its rank. The aim of this paper is to investigate to which extent such observability-based methods can also inform about practical aspects related with the experimental setup, which are usually not approached in this way. To this end, we explore a number of possible extensions of the rank tests, and discuss the purposes for which they can be informative as well as others for which they cannot.
Diagnosis Documentation Done Right: Cross-Specialty Standard for the Diagnosis Section in German Discharge Summaries — A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Frings Julian , Rust Paul , Meister Sven , Prinz Christian , Fehring Leonard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The diagnosis section in hospital discharge summaries is critical for continuity of care and patient safety, yet it varies widely in quality, format, and content due to a lack of standards.

Objective
This study aims to develop a cross-specialty standard for the structure and content of the diagnosis section, based on the preferences of German physicians. The study examines physicians﻿’ satisfaction with the diagnosis section, their rating of its importance, and their preferences for its specific elements, comparing perspectives between inpatient and outpatient physicians.

Design, Participants, Approach
This mixed-methods study integrated a scoping review, focus group discussion, and a nationwide survey of 602 physicians (317 outpatient primary care and 285 inpatient physicians; 4.1% response rate), most trained in internal medicine. Quantitative analyses evaluated physician satisfaction and preferences, while qualitative feedback provided deeper insights regarding preferred content and format.

Key Results
Although 95.7% of physicians considered the diagnosis section crucial for follow-up care, only 36.9% were satisfied with its current content and format. 91.2% supported standardizing the diagnosis section, identifying 18 content elements to be included for every current treatment diagnosis. Strong consensus (> 95.0% agreement) was reached for “name of the diagnosis,” “severity/stage/classification/TNM,” “localization/extent/pattern of involvement,” “course e.g., acute, chronic, recurrent,” “expression,” “complications,” “date of initial diagnosis,” and “etiology/cause.” 86.4% preferred separating current and chronic/prior diagnoses with headings. Outpatient physicians were more likely than inpatient physicians to rate “ICD-10 codes” as mandatory (46.2% vs. 14.8%, p < 0.001) and to consider “recommendations for further procedures” (76.6% vs. 63.6%, p < 0.001) and “follow-up appointments” (77.3% vs. 63.5%, p < 0.001) as necessary. Additionally, a list of practical recommendations for clinicians to better document diagnoses was derived.

Conclusions
This study proposes a cross-specialty standard for the diagnosis section based on physician preferences for a clearly structured format and 18 key content elements.