bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyses structurales et spectrales du 5,6‐diméthyluracile
Authors: Selkti M. , Vachoud L. , Bourret E. , Kister G. , Tomas A. , Maury L. , Delarbre J. L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe molecular structure of 5,6‐dimethyluracil monohydrate C6H8N2O2H2O has been determined by X‐ray diffraction method. The crystals are monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 6.667 (2), b = 6.784 (4), c = 16.759 (2) Å, β = 99.08 (2)° , V = 748.6 (5) Å3 and z = 4. The structure was refined to R = 0.064. The Raman and infrared spectra of the crystalline powders of the 5,6‐dimethyluracil monohydrate, anhydrous and deuterated forms were investigated from 4000–200 cm−1. An assignment of the normal modes is proposed.RÉSUMÉLa structure moléculaire du 5,6‐diméthyluracile monohydrate C6H8N2O2H2O a été déterminée par diffraction des rayons X. Les cristaux appartiennent au groupe d'espace monoclinique P21/n avec a = 6,667 (2), b = 6,784 (4), c = 16,759 (2) Å, β = 99, 08 (2), V = 748,6 (5) Å3 et z = 4. La structure a été affinée jusqu'à un facteur R = 0,064. Les spectres Raman et infrarouge des poudres cristallines du 5,6‐diméthyluracile monohydrate, anhydre et deutérié ont été analysés de 4000 à 200 cm−1. Une attribution de l'ensemble des vibrations fondamentales a été proposée. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to the analysis of natural resins in artworks
Authors: Lau Deborah , Livett Michelle , Prawer Steven 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is rapidly growing as an analytical technique for the detection of extremely low concentrations of analytes. The analysis of natural resins from artworks is often restricted by sample size constraints in general, and Raman spectroscopy in particular is hampered by fluorescence when using visible irradiation wavelengths. This work demonstrates that SERS is able to overcome interference from fluorescence in such samples using the incident wavelength 514.5 nm, to allow collection of SERS spectra from extremely small samples. Characterisation of the natural resin surface coating from a painting by Tiepolo is discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High concentration trans form unsaturated lipids detected in a HeLa cell by Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Onogi Chikao , Motoyama Michiyo , Hamaguchi Hiro‐o 
Published: February 2008

AbstractHigh concentration trans form unsaturated lipids have been found in a HeLa cell by Raman microspectroscopy. Two CC stretch bands are observed simultaneously at 1669 cm−1 (trans form) and at 1656 cm−1 (cis form) in a Raman spectrum obtained from a small area (1 µm in diameter) in a HeLa cell. The intensity ratio 1669/1656 indicates that the concentration of the trans form is as high as that of the cis. It is demonstrated that Raman microspectroscopy provides a powerful and unique means for in situ and noninvasive structural characterization of unsaturated lipids in a living cell. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of vacuum frying on main physicochemical and nutritional quality parameters of pineapple chips
Authors: Perez‐Tinoco Maria Rosalba , Perez Ana , Salgado‐Cervantes Marco , Reynes Max , Vaillant Fabrice 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Slices of MD‐2 pineapple hybrid were vacuum fried at 24 kPa according to a central composite experimental design that simultaneously varied frying time (6.3–7.7 min) and temperature (106.3–117.7 °C). Major physicochemical and nutritional quality factors were measured and modelled using a second‐order polynomial equation.RESULTS: Moisture content, water activity aw, colour parameters L*, C* and H* and total vitamin C content decreased while total phenolic content and dehydroascorbic acid content increased with increasing frying time and temperature. Oil content, hardness and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity reached minimum values near the centre of the experimental field. By superimposing contour curves, it was determined that processing conditions of 6.9 min frying time and 112 °C frying temperature produced pineapple chips with a golden colour (L*≥ 60, C*≥ 50, H*≥ 80), an aw of less than 0.29, a moisture content of about 4% and a hardness of less than 1.9 N, giving rise to a crispy texture. Oil content was about 20% (d.b) and residual total vitamin C content (∼90 mg per 100 g wet basis (w.b.)) was high. Phenolic compound content was about 150 mg gallic acid equivalents per 100 g w.b. and antioxidant capacity was around 22 µmol Trolox equivalents g−1 w.b.CONCLUSION: Vacuum frying is a dehydration process that produces healthy fruit snacks which partially preserve the fruit's original colour and nutritional compounds and have a high hydrophilic antioxidant capacity. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Radical‐scavenging properties of extracts from the white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus
Authors: Savoie Jean‐Michel , Minvielle Nathalie , Largeteau Michèle L 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Agaricus bisporus is the premier cultivated edible mushroom but is usually considered to be of lesser value nutritionally and medicinally compared with other cultivated mushrooms. The objective of this study was to investigate the radical‐scavenging properties of methanolic extracts and the free radical‐processing enzyme activities of water extracts from A. bisporus fruit bodies. Analyses were performed on total fruit bodies from three strains and on separated stipe, cap and gills from one strain, all cultivated experimentally under the same conditions.RESULTS: EC50 values of scavenging ability on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH•), scavenging ability on 2,2‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cations (ABTS•+) and reducing power of methanolic extracts from total fruit bodies ranged between 1.7 and 5.0 and were 1.1–1.9 times higher in a white hybrid than in two wild strains, cream and brown. The gills exhibited higher antioxidant activities relative to the stipe and cap. In water extracts, glutathione peroxidase activities were up to eight times higher than glutathione reductase activities and no difference was observed between strains. Catalase activity was highest in the brown wild strain. The only significant differences in free radical‐processing enzymes between the three parts of the mushroom were higher catalase activity in the gills and lower glutathione reductase activity in the stipe.CONCLUSION: The radical‐scavenging properties of the button mushroom are comparable to those of other edible mushrooms and dependent on the strain and on the section of the fruit body. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinical significance of HLA class I heavy chain expression in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Ueda Yoshitake , Ishikawa Koichi , Shiraishi Norio , Yokoyama Shigeo , Kitano Seigo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the relation between HLA‐I expression and the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. The aim of this retrospective study was to clarify the clinical significance of HLA‐I heavy chain expression in gastric cancer.MethodsThe study subjects were 202 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone curative surgery. Tumors were examined for expression of HLA‐I heavy chain antigens by immunohistochemistry. We analyzed the association of HLA‐I heavy chain expression with clinicopathological parameters and patient prognosis.ResultsHLA‐B/C expression showed association with deeper tumor invasion, higher incidence of lymph node metastasis, more advanced tumor stage, and higher incidence of recurrence. Patients with positive HLA‐B/C expression had shorter 5‐year overall and 5‐year disease‐free survival compared with patients whose tumors showed mixed and negative expression (P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). In multivariate analysis, although HLA‐B/C expression was not recognized as an independent prognostic factor, it was an independent factor in predicting peritoneal recurrence after curative surgery in patients with gastric cancer [relative risk (RR): 9.924, P = 0.003].ConclusionExpression of HLA‐B/C heavy chain is associated with tumor progression, and it could be a significant predictor of peritoneal recurrence after curative surgery in patients with gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:451–455. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update covering the period 2001–2002
Authors: Harvey David J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis review is the second update of the original review on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates that was published in 1999. It covers fundamental aspects of the technique as applied to carbohydrates, fragmentation of carbohydrates, studies of specific carbohydrate types such as those from plant cell walls and those attached to proteins and lipids, studies of glycosyl‐transferases and glycosidases, and studies where MALDI has been used to monitor products of chemical synthesis. Use of the technique shows a steady annual increase at the expense of older techniques such as FAB. There is an increasing emphasis on its use for examination of biological systems rather than on studies of fundamental aspects and method development and this is reflected by much of the work on applications appearing in tabular form. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 27:125–201, 2008
Tumor suppressor p16INK4A/Cdkn2a alterations in 7, 12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)‐induced hamster cheek pouch tumors
Authors: Li Junan , Warner Blake , Casto Bruce C. , Knobloch Thomas J. , Weghorst Christopher M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe prevalence of p16INK4A/Cdkn2a genetic alterations in human oral cancers indicates that the p16 gene could be a potent and appropriate target for novel intervention. While chemically induced hamster cheek pouch (HCP) tumors are regarded as an appropriate surrogate model for human oral cancers because of their similarities to human oral cancers in both histology and genetics, little is known about the genetic events in the p16 gene in the HCP tumor model. The purpose of this study was to evaluate chemically induced HCP tumor specimens for potential inactivating p16 alterations. HCP tumors were induced with 7, 12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), and DNA extracted from 34 such specimens were analyzed for homozygous/hemizygous deletions, aberrant methylation of 5′ CpG islands, and point mutations using real‐time multiplex PCR, methylation‐specific PCR, and direct sequencing/cold single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), respectively. Homozygous deletions, hemizygous deletions, aberrant methylation of 5′‐CpG islands, and point mutation were identified in 11, 4, 9, and 1 of 34 specimens, respectively. While the overall incidence of p16 alterations was 70.6% (24 of 34 specimens), the majority of inactivating events (67.6%) stemmed from deletion or methylation, which is consistent with the observations found in human oral SCCs. Our results show the resemblance between chemically induced HCP tumors and their human counterparts in p16 genetic alterations, and strongly support the use of DMBA‐induced HCP tumor model in evaluating novel p16‐targeted therapy and prevention of human oral SCCs. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of the activities of AMP‐activated protein kinase, protein kinase B, and mammalian target of rapamycin by limiting energy availability with 2‐deoxyglucose
Authors: Jiang Weiqin , Zhu Zongjian , Thompson Henry J. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract2‐Deoxyglucose (2‐DG), which has been shown to inhibit mammary carcinogenesis, was used as a metabolic probe to investigate effects of limiting energy availability (reduced cellular ATP) on patterns of proteins' phosphorylation that play a role in the development of cancer. Experiments were conducted using a human breast cancer cell line, MDA‐MB‐468, and 1‐methyl‐1‐nitrosourea‐induced rat model for mammary carcinogenesis. Under in vitro conditions in which cellular ATP concentration decreased rapidly with increasing 2‐DG in a dose and time dependent manner, levels of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (P‐mTOR) decreased in parallel to decreases in ATP concentration. Concomitantly, phosphorylation of two upstream regulators of mTOR, AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Akt/protein kinase B were increased and decreased, respectively, with increased levels of phosphorylated acetyl‐CoA carboxylase as an indicator of AMPK activation. Levels of insulin like growth factor 1‐receptor and phosphoinositide‐3 kinase p110α were also reduced. Similar effects were observed in mammary carcinomas in vivo at concentration of 0.03% (w/w) dietary 2‐DG that inhibited carcinogenesis. In vitro, downregulation of mTOR was accompanied by decreases in phosphorylation of two of mTOR's targets, 70‐kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase and eukaryote initiation factor 4E binding protein 1. Glucose treatment reversed 2‐DG effects. When cells were transfected with dominant‐negative AMPKα2, effects of 2‐DG on mTOR and its downstream effectors were diminished, providing evidence of a link between AMPK and mTOR when energy availability was limited. This work indicates that AMPK, Akt, and mTOR are candidate targets for efforts to inhibit the carcinogenic process by limiting energy availability. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The sural artery patency test: A useful precaution in risky patients for the reverse sural flap
Authors: Tan Onder 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe arterial insufficiency is not rare in high risky patients for the reverse sural flap. Thus, we introduce a novel practical technique by performing intraoperative patency test to the sural artery to predetermine the arterial potential, to avoid a possible arterial insufficiency and to increase the reliability of the sural flap in these patients. We succesfully applied the reverse sural flap to seven risky patients with crushing injury, mine explosion, and diabetes, in whom the sural artery patency test was positive. The flap size varied from 8 × 5 cm to 16 × 10 cm. The major defect localization was the heel with/without sole. All flaps survived uneventfully with good contours and durabilities. The sural artery patency test obtain us to decide to safely raise the sural flap or not, and to predict the outcomes of the operative procedure in critical wounds associated with poor arterial supply. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
On the solutions of the Moisil–Théodoresco system
Authors: Reyes Juan Bory , Delanghe Richard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA structure theorem is proved for the solutions to the Moisil–Théodoresco system in open subsets of ℝ3. Furthermore, it is shown that the Cauchy transform maps L2(ℝ2, ℝ0, 2+) isomorphically onto H2(ℝ+3, ℝ0, 3+), thus proving an elegant generalization to ℝ2 of the classical notion of an analytic signal on the real line. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methylation status of putative differentially methylated regions of porcine IGF2 and H19
Authors: Han Dong Wook , Im Young Bin , Do Jeong Tae , Gupta Mukesh Kumar , Uhm Sang Jun , Kim Jin‐Hoi , Schöler Hans R. , Lee Hoon Taek 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis study was designed to identify the putative differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the porcine imprinted genes insulin‐like growth factor 2 and H19 (IGF2‐H19), and to assess the genomic imprinting status of IGF2‐H19 by identifying the methylation patterns of these regions in germ cells, and in tissues from porcine fetuses, an adult pig, as well as cloned offspring produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Porcine IGF2‐H19 DMRs exhibit a normal monoallelic methylation pattern (i.e., either the paternally‐ or the maternally derived allele is methylated) similar to the pattern observed for the same genes in the human and mice genomes. Examination of the methylation patterns of the IGF2‐H19 DMRs revealed that the zinc finger protein binding sites CTCF1 and 2 did not exhibit differential methylation in both control and cloned offspring. In contrast, the CTCF3 and DMR2 loci of the IGF2 gene showed abnormal methylation in cloned offspring, but a normal differential or moderate methylation pattern in tissues from control offspring and an adult pig. Our data thus suggest that regulation of genomic imprinting at the porcine IGF2‐H19 loci is conserved among species, and that the abnormal methylation pattern in the regulatory elements of imprinted genes may lead to an alteration in the coordinated expression of genes required for successful reprogramming, which, in consequence, may contribute to the low efficiency of porcine genome reprogramming induced by nuclear transfer. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 777–784, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of heat shock protein 90 in the shrimp Metapenaeus ensis: Evidence for its role in the regulation of vitellogenin synthesis
Authors: Wu Long Tao , Chu Ka Hou 
Published: February 2008

AbstractEstrogen hormones play a vital role in the regulation of female reproductive maturation. In oviparous vertebrates, the synthesis of vitellogenin (VTG) is tightly controlled by estrogen hormone signal transduction pathway, which is mediated by estrogen receptor and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). In order to investigate whether a similar mechanism exists in crustaceans, the Hsp90 gene was cloned and isolated from the shrimp Metapenaeus ensis by homology cloning strategy. The Hsp90 is 2,524 bp in length, containing an open reading frame of 2,163 bp that encodes a 720 amino acid polypeptide (83 kD). The Hsp90‐coding region is interrupted by four introns. MeHsp90 is differentially expressed in eyestalk, ovary, and hepatopancreas at different ovarian maturation stages, and consistently expressed in other tissues including heart, gill, gut, muscle, and central nervous system. In vitro ovary explant assay reveals that MeHsp90 expression in immature ovary can be induced by the addition of exogenous estradiol‐17β, but expression in fully mature ovary exhibits no response to estradiol‐17β treatment. In situ hybridization shows that MeHsp90 is highly expressed in previtellogenic oocytes and its expression decreases with the progress of maturation, and finally stops in late‐vitellogenic oocytes. Our results indicate a strong correlation between estrogen hormones and Hsp90 expression in shrimp, suggesting that the expression of VTG may be under the regulation of estrogen hormones through a mechanism similar to that in vertebrates. The result provides insights on the control of vitellogenesis in invertebrates. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 952–959, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The molecular evolution of acrosin in placental mammals
Authors: Raterman Denise , S. Springer Mark 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAcrosin is thought to fulfill several different roles in fertilization including that of a serine protease and in secondary zona pellucida (ZP) binding. However, acrosin's importance as a fertilization protein has been questioned. Especially since it was discovered that acrosin knockout mice are fertile. In this study, we explored the sites involved in serine protease activity and secondary binding. We also assessed conservation in functional sites across species and examined whether amino acid changes present in the human population have the potential to affect fertility. In addition, since many mammalian reproduction proteins have been found to evolve rapidly, we tested for positive selection. Sequences from 43 mammals from all 19 placental orders, which included a total of 828 nucleotides from acrosin exons 2, 3, 4, and a portion of exon 5, were obtained. We found that all sites of the serine catalytic triad as well as three other sites linked to catalytic activity were completely conserved. Five of six sites proposed to play a role in secondary binding were 100% conserved as basic residues. These results support an evolutionary conserved role for acrosin as a serine protease and secondary binding protein across placental mammals. We found statistically significant support for positive selection within acrosin, but no single amino acid site reached the significance level of P > 0.95 for inclusion within the category ω > 1. Based upon two amino acid mutation scoring systems, three out of seven human residue changing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be potentially protein‐altering mutations. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 1196–1207, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructure of bovine oocytes exposed to Taxol prior to OPS vitrification
Authors: Morató Roser , Mogas Teresa , Maddox‐Hyttel Poul 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOur objective was to document potential subcellular consequences of treatment with the microtubule stabilizer Taxol with or without subsequent vitrification of cow and calf oocytes by the open pulled straw (OPS) method. Oocytes were divided into four experimental groups for cows and four groups for calves: (1) a control group fixed immediately after maturation; (2) an OPS group cryopreserved by conventional OPS; (3) a Taxol/CPA group exposed to 1 μM Taxol and cryoprotective agents (CPAs); and (4) a Taxol/OPS group vitrified by OPS including 1 μM Taxol to the vitrification solution. All oocytes were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. The main injuries were observed on the metaphase plate and the spindle. In control oocytes, the metaphase appeared as condensed chromosomes arranged in a well‐organized metaphase plate and the spindle showed well organized microtubules in both cow and calf oocytes. However, in cow OPS oocytes, the metaphase plate was disorganized into scattered chromosomes or the chromosomes were condensed into a single block of chromatin. In addition, microtubules were not organized as typical spindles. In contrast, cow Taxol/OPS oocytes as well as both cow and calf Taxol/CPAs oocytes showed well‐organized metaphase plates and normal spindle morphology. All calf OPS and calf Taxol/OPS oocytes displayed a single block of chromatin and no microtubules could be observed around the chromosomes. In conclusion, treatment with 1 µM Taxol before and during vitrification did not induce adverse changes in the oocyte cytoplasm or metaphase spindles in adult bovine oocytes, but stabilized the metaphase and spindle morphology. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 1318–1326, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A heat‐shock protein 40, DNAJB13, is an axoneme‐associated component in mouse spermatozoa
Authors: Guan Jikui , Yuan Li 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDNAJB13 is a type II HSP40/DnaJ protein. Using a specific antibody raised against the recombinant DNAJB13 protein, we characterized DNAJB13 in mouse testes and epididymal spermatozoa. The expression of DNAJB13 protein in testis was undetectable until postnatal Week 4 revealed by Western blot analysis, whereas Dnajb13 mRNA was detectable as early as postnatal Week 1 by RT‐PCR. Immunohistochemistry analyses showed that DNAJB13 was localized in the cytoplasm of spermatids from step 2 to 3 onward with the strongest expression in step 9–10, and in the spermatid flagella. In mature spermatozoa, DNAJB13 was present along the entire length of the sperm flagellum, but not in the SDS‐resistant tail structures lacking the flagellar axoneme, strongly suggesting that DNAJB13 is an axoneme‐associated component. In addition, we showed that the expression of Dnajb13 mRNA and DNAJB13 protein was unaltered after heat shock treatment, indicating that DNAJB13 was constitutively expressed in mouse testis. Taken together, the present study suggested that DNAJB13 might be involved in assembly and stability of axoneme during sperm flagellum development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 1379–1386, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.