bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The boundary of hyperbolicity for Hénon-like families
Authors: CAO YONGLUO , LUZZATTO STEFANO , RIOS ISABEL 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe consider C2 Hénon-like families of diffeomorphisms of $ \mathbb R^{2} $ and study the boundary of the region of parameter values for which the non-wandering set is uniformly hyperbolic. Assuming sufficient dissipativity, we show that the loss of hyperbolicity is caused by a first homoclinic or heteroclinic tangency and that uniform hyperbolicity estimates hold uniformly in the parameter up to the bifurcation parameter and even, to some extent, at the bifurcation parameter.
Advancing Biocatalysis through Enzyme, Cellular, and Platform Engineering
Authors: Cirino Patrick C. , Sun Lianhong 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBiocatalysis offers opportunities for highly selective chemical reactions with high turnover rates under relatively mild conditions. Use of whole‐cell or multi‐enzyme systems enables transformations of complexity unmatched by nonbiological routes. However, advantages of biocatalysis are frequently compromised by poor enzymatic performance under non‐native reaction conditions, the absence of enzymes with desired substrate or reaction specificities, and low metabolic fluxes or competing pathways. During the 234th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, these issues were addressed in the “Advances in Biocatalysis” sessions. Protein engineering and metabolic pathway engineering were used to develop efficient enzymes and whole‐cell catalysts. Novel strategies for the use of enzymes at solid interfaces and in nonaqueous environments were discussed, and efficient biotransformation platforms were demonstrated. These advances broaden the applications of biocatalysis in biofuels, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and human health.
Liposomal Encapsulation of Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase with Cofactor for Stabilization of the Enzyme Structure and Activity
Authors: Yoshimoto Makoto , Sato Mami , Yoshimoto Noriko , Nakao Katsumi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractYeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) with its cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) could be stably encapsulated in liposomes composed of POPC (1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐ sn‐glycero‐3‐ phosphocholine). The YADH‐ and NAD+‐containing liposomes (YADH‐NADL) were 100 nm in mean diameter. The liposomal YADH and NAD+ concentrations were 2.3 mg/mL and 3.9 mM, respectively. A synergistic effect of the liposomal encapsulation and the presence of NAD+ was examined on the thermal stability of YADH at 45 and 50 °C. The enzyme stability of the YADH‐NADL was compared to the stabilities of the liposomal YADH (YADHL) containing 3.3 mg/mL YADH without NAD+ as well as the free YADH with and without NAD+. Free YADH was increasingly deactivated during its incubation at 45 °C for 2 h with decrease of the enzyme concentration from 3.3 to 0.01 mg/mL because of the dissociation of tetrameric YADH into its subunits. At that temperature, the coexistence of free NAD+ at 3.9 mM improved the stability of free YADH at 2.3 mg/mL through forming their thermostable complex, although the stabilization effect of NAD+ was lowered at 50 °C. The turbidity measurements for the above free YADH solution with and without NAD+ revealed that the change in the enzyme tertiary structure was much more pronounced at 50 °C than at 45 °C even in the presence of NAD+. This suggests that YADH was readily deactivated in free solution due to a decrease in the inherent affinity of YADH with NAD+. On the other hand, both liposomal enzyme systems, YADH‐NADL and YADHL, showed stabilities at both 45 and 50 °C much higher than those of the above free enzyme systems, YADH/NAD+ and YADH. These results imply that the liposome membranes stabilized the enzyme tertiary and thus quaternary structures. Furthermore, the enzyme activity of the YADH‐NADL showed a stability higher than that of the YADHL with a more remarkable effect of NAD+ at 50 °C than at 45 °C. This was considered to be because even at 50 °C the stabilization effect of lipid membranes on the tertiary and quaternary structures of the liposomal YADH allowed the enzyme to form its thermostable complex with NAD+ in liposomes.
Killeen Selected as NSF Geosciences Director
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: March 2008

AGU President Tim Killeen will become assistant director for the geosciences at the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) on 1 July 2008, NSF announced on 26 February. At NSF, Killeen will direct the foundation's programs in atmospheric, Earth, and ocean sciences and will oversee a directorate that has a $752 million budget for fiscal year 2008. Killeen's 3‐year appointment, which is an Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) assignment that could be extended, begins 1 day after his term as AGU president ends; on 1 July he becomes AGU past president.“I feel a call to national service,” Killeen told Eos. It is “a very important time in history when the work we do in the geosciences is not only intellectually exciting and important, but it is pivotal to how we think about the planet, its resources, the environment, our place in space, and everything else.” He also emphasized the importance of increasing the understanding of the Earth and space system and using that knowledge to better human life.
Global Change and the High‐Latitude Environment: High Latitude Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems: Interactions and Response to Environmental Change; Abisko, Sweden, 11–14 September 2007
Authors: Karlsson Jan , Giesler Reiner 
Published: March 2008

Terrestrial and aquatic scientists took part in a workshop in Sweden to discuss cross‐system linkages that strongly influence the structure and function of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, which effects may be altered by future environmental change. Sixty‐five researchers, mainly from northern Europe and North America, attended the meeting.Through a series of presentations and discussions several clear themes emerged. For example, workshop participants discussed how high‐latitude freshwater ecosystems are strongly influenced by nutrient and material inputs from the surrounding terrestrial environment. In particular, the magnitude and quality of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus exported from terrestrial ecosystems are recognized as major drivers of the productivity and biological structure of aquatic ecosystems.
The Agulhas Current
Authors: De Ruijter Will P. M. 
Published: March 2008

Many people in the United States know about the Gulf Stream, the impressive boundary current along the eastern U.S. coast that carries large amounts of heat poleward and, after separation from the coast, across the North Atlantic. Its impact on warming the eastern United States and the North Atlantic region including western Europe is also well known to the general public.But who in the United States knows about the Agulhas Current? This warm, western boundary current of the southern Indian Ocean flows southward along the continental slope of the African continent and is about as large as the Gulf Stream. It brings heat and moisture to the coastal regions of southeastern Africa. Variations in its transport lead to significant rainfall anomalies over this region. On a larger scale, its influence may even extend as far as the North Atlantic.
Understanding the Atmosphere Through Radio Occultation: Second FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC Data Users Workshop; Boulder, Colorado, 22–24 October 2007
Authors: Kursinski E. R. , Kuo Ying‐Hwa , Rocken Christian , Sokolovskiy Sergey , Yen Nick 
Published: March 2008

The second FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC data users workshop was held at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, in Boulder, Colo., and was attended by more than 100 international participants from a dozen countries around the world.COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) is a joint Taiwan/U.S. mission consisting of six microsatellites, each carrying a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, a tri‐band beacon to sense free electrons in the ionosphere via radio waves, and a Tiny Ionospheric Photometer to map ionospheric electron density via ultraviolet emission. The primary purpose of COSMIC is to demonstrate the value of radio occultation (RO) observations of the atmosphere to weather prediction, climate, and space weather. The RO technique produces a vertical profile of refractivity versus height in the ionosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere. This allows scientists to deduce valuable information on electron density, temperature, and water vapor in the atmosphere.
Is the impact of journal impact factors decreasing?
Authors: Reedijk Jan , Moed Henk F. 
Published: March 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the use of the citation‐based journal impact factor for evaluative purposes upon the behaviour of authors and editors. It seeks to give a critical examination of a number of claims as regards the manipulability of this indicator on the basis of an empirical analysis of publication and referencing practices of authors and journal editorsDesign/methodology/approachThe paper describes mechanisms that may affect the numerical values of journal impact factors. It also analyses general, “macro” patterns in large samples of journals in order to obtain indications of the extent to which such mechanisms are actually applied on a large scale. Finally it presents case studies of particular science journals in order to illustrate what their effects may be in individual cases.FindingsThe paper shows that the commonly used journal impact factor can to some extent be relatively easily manipulated. It discusses several types of strategic editorial behaviour, and presents cases in which journal impact factors were – intentionally or otherwise – affected by particular editorial strategies. These findings lead to the conclusion that one must be most careful in interpreting and using journal impact factors, and that authors, editors and policy makers must be aware of their potential manipulability. They also show that some mechanisms occur as of yet rather infrequently, while for others it is most difficult if not impossible to assess empirically how often they are actually applied. If their frequency of occurrence increases, one should come to the conclusion that the impact of impact factors is decreasing.Originality/valueThe paper systematically describes a number of claims about the manipulability of journal impact factors that are often based on “informal” or even anecdotal evidences and illustrates how these claims can be further examined in thorough empirical research of large data samples.
Towards a national print repository for Australia: where from and where to?
Authors: Genoni Paul 
Published: March 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to trace the recent history of Australian attempts to reach a national solution to the space problems that afflict many of our research libraries.Design/methodology/approachIn recent years there has been a growing international interest in the development of shared facilities to house legacy print collections as a means of providing cost‐effective and secure storage. These “repositories” have in some cases been successfully implemented on a national scale. This paper argues that although negotiations have not been successful to date, the opportunity still exists to re‐open discussions, and makes suggestions regarding the organisational structures that are needed to bring about a successful outcome.FindingsInitiatives such as Libraries Australia have been made possible by coordinated cross‐sectoral activity, undertaken in the service of Australian research communities. What has not been as successful is the use of this infrastructure to underpin further collaboration with regard to the long‐term development and maintenance of collections. The prospect of a national repository provides a further opportunity to achieve such an outcome.Originality/valueThere are many reasons to believe that Australia research libraries and communities would benefit substantially from a national print repository. It will only be possible, however, with the right structure for leadership, coordination and advocacy. There is much that can be learnt from the UK experience in this regard, and Australia library leaders should look to building a strong base of cross‐sectoral support for a renewed bid.
Leadership, development and learning mechanisms
Authors: Mitki Yoram , Shani A.B. (Rami) , Stjernberg Torbjörn 
Published: March 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to advance a framework for the exploration of system transformation that includes leadership roles, contextual mess and triggering events, designing and managing sustainable learning mechanisms, managing a variety of balancing acts, creating shared understanding and, transforming shared understanding into action.Design/methodology/approachA five‐phased longitudinal research of one organization – Kibbutz Shefayim– during 12 years: semi‐structured interviews (60‐120 minutes each) with Kibbutz members representing a wide range of views and experiences in 1993; collecting and reviewing of Kibbutz internal “raw” documents that related to changes that occurred during the past 12 years, and; follow‐up semi structured interviews in 1998, 2001 and 2005. The interviewed members were asked to describe the nature of the changes that had taken place since the previous interview, including reasons, mechanisms, results and impacts.FindingsThe findings suggest that leading system change requires managerial orientation that is centered on balancing acts embedded in on going dialogue and the design of learning mechanisms. The paper advances a specific set of balancing acts and discusses their implications for leading system wide transformation.Research limitations/limitationsThis research was conducted within one organization. Further longitudinal replications in other Kibbutz‐based systems are under way.Practical implicationsThe proposed view of leadership as a balancing act seems to capture the experience of many managers in the twenty‐first century. The findings suggest that some of the critical success factors for system‐wide transformation centers on the leaders' ability to sustain the following activities: continuous effort at bringing the outside forces into alignment with the internal forces; utilizing triggering events as levers for continuous change, and the purposeful design and management of learning mechanisms.Originality/valueAdds to the literature on the exploration of system transformation and includes leadership roles, contextual mess and triggering events, designing and managing sustainable learning mechanisms, managing a variety of balancing acts, creating shared understanding and, transforming shared understanding into action.
Competing values leadership: quadrant roles and personality traits
Authors: Belasen Alan , Frank Nancy 
Published: March 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to validate the number and order of leadership roles and identify the personality traits which trigger the choice of leadership roles.Design/methodology/approachA survey addressing classification and measurement questions in each of the competing values framework (CVF) quadrants was administered to a sample of managerial leaders across organizations. Multidimensional scaling representing the underlying CVF dimensions in a spatial arrangement was conducted with input derived from LISREL, which was also used to test the degree‐of‐fit between the CVF roles and quadrants as well as to examine the relationships between personality traits and leadership roles.FindingsThe results produced a remarkable synthesis of two separate fields of study within a single competing quadrants grid confirming the causal paths from traits to the compressed CVF latent variables.Research limitations/implicationsThis study raises important questions about the causal effects of personality traits and situational contingencies on the choice of leadership roles.Practical implicationsThe new awareness of precursors to CVF roles calls for significantly shifting the focus of leadership training and education efforts. Leadership development strategies designed to improve current managerial strengths must also target specific weaknesses and their psychological underpinnings.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates the efficacy of the CVF and at the same time draws more robust conclusions about how traits affect the choice of leadership roles, how they influence the extent of managerial effectiveness and to what extent managerial choice of roles is conscious or just a stimulus response.
Female secondary school leaders: at the helm of social justice, democratic schooling and equity
Authors: Normore Anthony H. , Jean‐Marie Gaetane 
Published: March 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the leadership experiences of four female secondary principals (two Black, two White) in one south‐western state to create significant discourse for understanding school leadership nested in complex social, political and cultural contexts. These women confronted education challenges of social justice, democracy, and equity in their schools.Design/methodology/approachThe philosophical tradition of phenomenology was chosen as the qualitative methodology for this study “which is understood to be a concern for human meaning and ultimately for interpreting those meanings so that they inform our practice and our science”. As a secondary analysis of a specific finding (i.e. female leaders who exemplified a values‐orientation around issues of social justice in their leadership practices) from the original study the lived experiences of four female secondary school leaders were further explored.FindingsAll four women engaged in leadership praxis by: transforming school practices to promote equity and access for all students and embracing diversity of their student populations; connecting the world of research and practice; adopting democratic and participative leadership styles that relate to female values developed through socialization processes including building relationships, consensus building, power as influence, and working together for a common purpose.Practical implicationsWhile the focus is secondary school female leaders and educational leadership in a North American context, the implications have a broader transnational focus, exploring themes and issues that may span national boundaries and cultures.Originality/valueFor purposes of this article, the original data were revisited to conduct secondary analyses of the experiences of four women. Research contends that this approach can be used to generate new knowledge, new hypotheses, or support for existing theories; and that it allows wider use of data from rare or inaccessible respondents.
A scanning robotic system for humanitarian de‐mining activities
Authors: Ponticelli R. , Garcia E. , Gonzalez de Santos P. , Armada M. 
Published: March 2008

PurposeHumanitarian de‐mining tasks require the use of specific detecting sets to detect landmines. These sets are normally based on a one‐point sensor, which must be moved over the infested terrain by a combination of a scanning manipulator and a mobile platform. The purpose of this paper is to present the development of the sensor head and the scanning manipulator.Design/methodology/approachThe manipulator needs sensors in order to negotiate ground irregularities and detect obstacles in the path of the mine‐detecting set. All of the sensors must be integrated into a sensor head that is in charge of both detecting land mines and providing overall sensor functions for the mobile platform's steering controller.FindingsThe sensor head is based on a commercial mine‐detecting set and a ground‐tracking set based on a network of range sensors tailor‐made for this purpose; the scanning manipulator is based on a mechanism with five degrees of freedom.Originality/valueThe design assessment and some experiments are reported.
Competing interests: the challenge to collaboration in the public sector
Authors: Young Louise , Denize Sara 
Published: March 2008

PurposeManagers working within organizations that are part of public–private collaborations comment on their “diabolical” nature and seek guidance as to their administration. Set in an organization involved in a public–private “service delivery contract”, the purpose of this paper is to report research into the collaboration and challenges experienced within the organization. It also seeks to consider to the significance of narrative and story‐telling in understanding these complexities.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using depth interviews and observation. The emerging discourse was analyzed using a machine‐based, lexigraphic tool to provide a framework for interpretive story analysis. The significance and value of each approach are illustrated as are the effective synergies between them.FindingsThe paper identifies a number of different competing interests, including the needs of the clients vs the governmentally imposed goals and performance metrics of the organization. The limitations of this network form are highlighted; through contrasting of manager and consultant stories it becomes plain that collaborative networking only occurs at the management levels.Research limitations/implicationsThe role of the story‐teller and the story context emerge as significant. Further research that pays greater attention to the stories’ context, subtext, roles of narrator and others in the story is recommended.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates the value of extending machine‐based analysis with more interpretive approaches. The significance of story analysis in understanding the embeddedness of narrative is highlighted as the range of synergies that can arise from multiple analytical techniques.
Hybrid (PAC) systems: pathway to productivity
Authors: Herb Samuel 
Published: March 2008

PurposeClaimed to be programmable logic controllers (PLCs) that act like distributed control systems (DCSs), various people define hybrid systems differently: by functions, by industries served, by architecture, and even by no label at all. As a result, there is still confusion about the label “Hybrid Systems.” This paper aims to explore these issues briefly and to help understand and reduce confusion about these relatively recent hybrid systems, which are now also being called “Programmable Automation Controls” (PAC).Design/methodology/approachThe paper compares DCSs, PLCs, centralized computer systems, use of industrial professional (personal) computers, original hybrid control systems, current hybrid control systems, evolution to PAC and shows evolution of new programming standards.FindingsHybrid control systems can readily become part of the overall plant productivity. This is a stepping‐stone towards complete enterprise control systems.Research limitations/implicationsNo small part of this capability is the emerging standard for easy consistent configuration of hybrid systems, regardless of the vendor who supplies them.Practical implicationsBecause of the emerging configuration standard, the hybrid system can be re‐configured as needed due to plant changes or market swing. This provides the user with “agile manufacturing.”Originality/valueMore than a “cheap DCS,” these hybrid control systems can be an inexpensive stepping‐stone towards managing the business as it was meant to be managed. What is important is that these elements can be introduced in manageable increments to meet tight budgets.