bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jaundice and wound healing: An experimental study
Authors: Bayer I , Ellis Harold 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Obstructive jaundice was induced in rats by ligation and division of the common bile duct. The healing of a standard gastric incision and a parietal peritoneal defect in these animals showed histological evidence of delayed healing compared with controls. The bursting strength of the abdominal incision was also lowered, but not that of the stomach, probably because of the adhesions which reinforced the gastric incisions. Angiography did, however, reveal delay in angiogenesis in the gastric wounds of jaundiced animals. The possible causes of this delay in healing and its clinical implications require further investigations.
The results of colostomy closure
Authors: Finch D R A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Complications arose in 93 (44 per cent) of 213 patients following the closure of a temporary colostomy. These complications included 1 death, 19 faecal fistulas, 3 large bowel obstructions and 24 incisional hernias. Complications were most commonly seen following closure of colostomies of the sigmoid colon, especially when such closure was undertaken between the fourth and twelfth weeks after definitive surgery. It is concluded that still greater care is needed in both the operative technique and the preoperative care of these patients.
Manometric studies of anorectal disorders in infancy and childhood: An investigation of the physiopathology of continence and defaecation
Authors: Meunier P , Mollard P , de Beaujeu M Jaubert 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Anorectal manometry was performed on 126 infants and children with anorectal disorders. In addition, 14 normal children were studied.
Pressure measurements were taken with two perfused open-tip catheters. The activity of the external and internal sphincters of the anus was also assessed. A latex balloon was used to distend the rectal ampulla with air.
The following factors were particularly studied: The value of the basal pressure in the anal canal, which provides an estimation of sphincteric competence.
The presence or absence of rectal internal sphincteric relaxation and rectal external sphincteric contraction, which are altered in certain neurological defects.
The rectal sensitivity, which initiates the urge to defaecate.
All the diseases which affect continence and defaecation justify a manometric investigation. The results obtained in Hirschsprung's disease, idiopathic constipation, anal malformations and spina bifda are reported and discussed.
The main interest of the manometric technique lies in the diagnosis of congenital megacolon, but constipation and the little investigated fields of anal imperforation and spina bifida are likely to be of great interest in future manometric studies.
The hydraulic impedance of the lower limb: Its relevance to the success of bypass operations for occlusion of the superficial femoral artery
Authors: Cave F D , Walker A , Naylor G P , Charlesworth D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Simultaneous measurements of pressure and 80w waves were made in the course of 25 femoropopliteal bypass operations. From these measurements the hydraulic impedance of the arterial system in the lower limb was calculated. The values obtained were correlated with the results of the operations. Although reconstruction reduced the impedance we were unable to predict accurately the probable result of the operation on the basis of these measurements. The results suggest that success is more closely related to a good collateral circulation than to ‘run-off’.
Carcinoma in a long-standing pharyngeal diverticulum
Authors: Nanson Eric M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A brief review of carcinomas arising in pharyngeal diverticula is given. An 80-year-old patient is described who has survived 3 years after operative removal of a diverticulum containing a carcinoma. The seriousness of the condition is shown by the mortality rate which has been reported as 65 per cent within 2 years.
Effect of plastic skin and wound drapes on the density of bacteria in operation wounds
Authors: Raahave D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Operation wounds were sampled quantitatively by the velvet pad rinse technique to determine the effect of impervious plastic skin and wound drapes on the density of bacteria.
A controlled trial (clean operations) revealed no significant difference between the bacterial density of herniotomy wounds for which the skin had been covered with adhesive plastic drapes, and the bacterial density of wounds in which skin drapes had not been used. The bacterial density in the wounds did not differ significantly from that on the adjacent skin; both densities were slightly higher at the end of operation than at the beginning. Within the operation wound, sites of low bacterial density were close to sites with a high density. Staphylococcus epidermidis predominated, while Staphylococcus aureus occurred only once; intestinal species were not isolated.
In another controlled trial (potentially contaminated operations) plastic wound drapes gave an equally high reduction in bacterial density before closure of laparotomy wounds after either truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty or gastric and colorectal operations. The reduction in the density of intestinal species was close to 100 per cent and did not differ significantly from that of æ-haemolytic streptococci, the density of this species being significantly more reduced than that of staphylo-cocci, diphtheroids and bacilli.
It is concluded that plastic skin drapes were without influence on the species and density of bacteria in operation wounds. Plastic wound drapes, on the other hand, considerably reduced not only exogenous but in particular endogenous bacteria, which otherwise would have remained in the operation wounds.
Assessment of portasystemic shunt patency by estimation of d-xylose excretion
Authors: Smith R C , Macpherson A I S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The D-xylose excretion test appears to be a useful method of monitoring shunt patency after a portasystemic venous anastomosis for portal hypertension. A 5-hour urinary excretion greater than 6 g appears an acceptable indicator that the shunt is patent. A second criterion of patency is an increase of 4 g or more over the result of preoperative tests. If the excretion rate falls in the postoperative period or remains less than 4.2 g/5 h, the anastomosis may be assumed to be occluded.
Bilharzial polyposis of the rectum and sigmoid colon
Authors: Tikriti Farouk , Al-Saleem Tahseen 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The case is reported of n 10-year-old boy who had severe diarrhoea with blood and mucus for I year which was found to be due to bilharzial polyposis of the rectum and sigmoid colon. He was treated first with anti-bilharzial drugs. Later, because of multiple polyps and secondary infection, local surgical resection was performed.
Outpatient treatment of haemorrhoids by cryotherapy
Authors: Kaufman H D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The treatment of haemorrhoids by cryosurgery is fairly new. One hundred cases have been analysed and the results presented as a preliminary report. Although the maximum follow-up is only 18 months, so far the results have been encouraging, and should they be maintained this method of outpatient haemorrhoidectomy could dramatically alter the management of this condition.
Torsion of the testis and allied conditions
Authors: Williamson R C N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In 15 years at Bristol there have been 293 cases of torsion of the testis, 55 cases of torsion of a testicular appendage and 5 cases of testicular ischaemia due to other causes. The risk of a male developing torsion of the testis or its appendix by the age of 25 is about 1 in 160. Both conditions occurred primarily in adolescents, but among prepubertal boys torsion of an appendage was as common as torsion of a normally descended testis. There was a slight left-sided preponderance in testicular torsion, more marked in torsion of the appendages; the incidence of bilateral torsion was 2.0 and 1.8 per cent respectively.
The clinical features and differential diagnosis of the two conditions are compared. Torsion of a testicular appendage is the most commonly misdiagnosed scrotal lesion, the preoperative diagnosis being correct in only 11 per cent of cases compared with 90 per cent fix torsion of the testis. Twenty-one cases of recurrent torsion underwent prophylactic bilateral orchidopexy. There were 20 cases of torsion of undescended testes, with a salvage rate of only 20 per cent.
The overall testicular survival rate was 55.3 per cent. Viability depends upon the possibility of spontaneous reduction, the preoperative delay after the onset of symptoms, the degree of torsion of the cord and the length of follow-up in doubtful cases. Urgent scrotal exploration is advised in every case of acute testicular pain unless there is overwhelming evidence of epididymo-orchitis. Exploration of' the opposite side is mandatory in torsion of the testis and advisable in torsion of an appendage.
Factors determining the rate of disappearance of sperm from the ejaculate after vasectomy
Authors: Spencer Brenda , Charlesworth D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The relative importance of age and frequency of coitus in determining the time needed for the semen count to become negative after vasectomy was studied in a group of 831 men. Irrespective of the frequency of coitus, there was a highly signifcant positive correlation between a patient's age and the time taken to become aspermic. This has implications for general practice: the older patient should be warned that he will take longer than a younger man to become sterile.
Cryosurgical haemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Wilson Martin C , Schofield Philip 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One hundred consecutive cases of haemorrhoids were treated by cryosurgery. The cryoprobe used is a convenient and simple instrument and gave a satisfactory result in 94 of the patients. The technique and complications are described. The patients were treated as outpatients, usually without anaesthesia.
Ascorbic acid levels in stored blood and in patients undergoing surgery after blood transfusion
Authors: McGinn F P , Hamilton Judith C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Blood was obtained from 11 healthy volunteers, mixed with two standard types of anticoagulant used in blood transfusion centres and stored for 21–28 days at 4°C. Leucocyte ascorbic acid (LAA) fell to deficient levels after 7 days in all cases. There were no corresponding changes in plasma ascorbic acid (PAA) levels. LAA and PAA were measured before, during and after surgery in 5 control patients who underwent definitive operations for benign peptic ulceration and in 4 patients undergoing surgery for bleeding peptic ulceration. The average amount of blood administered to the latter group was 10 units. There was a fall in LAA and PAA in both groups of patients after operation. This fall had returned to normal by 7 days in the controls, but the LAA remained at a deficient level at 7 days in the patients who had bled.
Deficient ascorbic acid in stored blood may contribute to low leircocyte ascorbic acid levels in patients after blood transfusion and may contribute to the increased complication rate when surgery is undertaken in these patients.
Bilateral nephrectomy prior to renal transplantation
Authors: Calman K C , Bell P R F , Briggs J D , Hamilton D N H , Macpherson S G , Paton A M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Bilateral nephrectomy was perjormed in 53 patients on regular haemodialysis. The indications were pyelonephritis in 30, polycystic kidneys in 6, glomeruloneph-ritis in 7, uncontvollable hypertension in 9 and horseshoe kidney in 1. In 87 per cent of cases the operation was carried out as a separate procedure prior to transplantation. The mortality was 9 per cent and the postoperative complications included hypotension, clotting of arterio-venous shunts, pneumonia and subphrenic abscess. As a result of our experience we have revised our indications for bilateral nephrectomy which now are pyelonephritis only when associated with persistent bacteriuria or ureteric reflux, polycystic kidneys and uncontrollable hypertension.
Postgastrectomy afferent loop obstruction due to efferent loop herniation simulating acute pancreatitis
Authors: McMaster Paul , Wijetunge D B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of afferent Ioop obstruction due to eferent loop retro-anastomatic herniation following a Polya gastrectomy is presented.
The clinical picture closely mimicked that of acute pancreatitis. The dificulty in diagnosis in this situation is discussed and the importance of operntive techniques in its prevention emphasized.
Multivariate analysis of clinical and operative findings associated with biliary sepsis
Authors: Keighley M R B , Flinn R , Alexander-Williams J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A cluster analysis of 17 preoperative and 10 operative variables has been undertaken from a prospective study of 181 patients undergoing operations on the biliary tract in order to identify those with organisms in the bile who would therefore benefit from prophylactic antibiotic cover.
The analysis defined populations of high risk (45 patients) and low risk (136 patients) in which the incidence of infected bile was 67 and 19 per cent respectively (P &lt; 0·001). Eight variables were more common in the high risk than in the low risk group (P &lt; 0·001). These ‘high risk factors’ were: jaundice at operation, recent rigors, emergency operation or one within 4 weeks of an emergency admission, age over 70 years, previous biliary operation, common duct obstruction and stones in the bile duct. In 67 patients where one or more ‘high risk factors’ was present, the bile contained organisms in 37 (53 per cent); when 4 ‘high risk factors’ occurred in the same patient (16 cases) biliary organisms were isolated in 14 (87 per cent). We conclude that the presence of one or more ‘high risk factors’ indicates a patient in whom prophylactic antibiotics would be advised during an operation on the biliary tract.
Carcinoma of the periampullary region: A review of a personal series of 87 patients
Authors: Balasegaram M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eighty-seven patients with carcinoma of the periampullary region treated by the author are reviewed. The clinical presentation and investigations are reported, and it is emphasized that the poor prognosis of this disease is due to the delay in presentation and diagnosis. Consequently, in most cases treatment can only be palliative, and the various forms of treatment are discussed.
Anorectal function after major resections of the sacrum with bilateral or unilateral sacrifice of sacral nerves
Authors: Gunterberg B , Kewenter J , Petersén I , Stener B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The anorectal function in 3 patients with bilateral and 4 patients with unilateral well-defined loss of sacral nerves after radical tumour excision was studied by clinical examination and by simultaneous registration of the following variables: volume and pressure in the rectum, pressure in the internal anal sphincter area and myoelectrical activity in the external anal sphincter.
The patients with bilateral loss of sacral nerves had serious impairment of function. Constipation was their only safeguard against incontinence. The preservation of the first and second sacral nerves bilaterally was not sufficient for discrimination between different qualities of rectal contents passing the anal canal. The sensation of rectal distension was also impaired, The reflex pattern of the internal anal sphincter was, however, intact. The external anal sphincter displayed a weak spontaneous myoelectrical activity in the patients who had at least one second sacral nerve intact, and a weak increase of the activity could be induced voluntarily. The normal transient increase of myoelectrical discharge from the external anal sphincter in response to rectal distension could not, however, be elicited.
In patients with total unilateral loss of the sacral nerves no significant impairment of anorectal function was noted. Total one-sided denervation implied deficient sensibility of the anal canal unilaterally, but no disturbance of sphincter function as judged from the reflex response of the internal and external anal sphincters to rectal distension.
Altered viscosity and yield stress in patients with abdominal malignancy: Relationship to deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Humphreys W V , Walker Anne , Charlesworth D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twenty-eight patients undergoing laparotomy were studied. Blood viscosity at both high and low rates of shear and a yield stress index were measured preoperatively and correlated with the incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT). There was a correlation between a raised index of yield stress and the incidence of D VT. Patients with cancer had a very high incidence of postoperative DVT and a high index of yield stress.
‘Hitch-hike’ grafts for limb salvage in peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Bliss B P , Fonseka N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A technique of arterial reconstruction suitable for patients with extensive arterial occlusions and for previous failed arterial surgery is described, The ‘hitchhike’ graft consists of a proximal limb of 6-mm velour Dacron prosthesis and a distal limb of autogenous vein. The intermediate prosthesis-to-vein anastomosis is made into an endarterectomized segment of upper popliteal artery.
The results in the first 16 limbs are described. Eleven grafts are functioning from 2 to 14 months after operation and 5 of these have functioned for more than I year, The advantages of the technique are: long arterial occlusions may be bridged; autogenous vein is used to cross the knee joint; good measured blood flows may be demonstrated at operation; acceptable patency rates may be obtained up to 1 year.
The relationship between thermographic findings and size and depth of tumour in carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Johnson J M S , James W B , Evans A L , Feasey C M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Fifty thermograms of histologically proved breast carcinomas have been analysed without knowledge of the clinical or mammographic findings. Thermographic asymmetry between the breasts was found in 76 per cent of the patients, but in only 64 per cent of the patients was the correct side indicated. Poor correlation has also been found between the thermographic findings and the size of a tumour and its distance from the skin.
Mortality of oesophagal surgery in the elderly
Authors: Mohansingh M P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The operative mortality in pulmonary surgery was found to be four times higher in patients aged above 70 compared with those below 65. A similar study has been carried out in patients undergoing oesophageal surgery. A corresponding increase in operative mortality with advancing age was not found in this group. Anastomotic leakage remains the most common cause of operative mortality, the incidence of which is no higher in the elderly, though they are more liable to general complications. The overall mortality figures are comparable. The surgical approach to carcinoma of the oesophagus must be radical, and advanced age should not be a reason for withholding surgery.
Extragastric gastrinoma or G-cell hyperplasia of the antrum? The preoperative diagnosis in a case of hypergastrinaemia
Authors: Gray G R , Gillespie G , Gordon I 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A patient is described with recurrent peptic ulceration, evidence of hypersecretion of gastric acid and excess circulating gastrin. The preoperative differentiation between extragastric ‘gastrinoma’ and G-cell hyperplasin of the pyloric antrum as a source for the hypergastrinaemia can be made by immunofluorescent staining of an antral biopsy for ‘gastrin cells’, and by measuring the response of the gastric antrum to an amino acid meal or secretin infusion stimulus. The site of excessive gastrin production determines the nature of the surgery required. A classification of recurrent peptic ulceration types is suggested.
The effect of Metiamide on the prolonged serum gastrin response to feeding observed in patients with duodenal ulcer
Authors: Blair E L , Grund E R , Reed J D , Sanders D J , Thompson M H , Venables C W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The response of serum gastrin to a meal has been studied in 11 normal subjects and 16 patients with duodenal ulceration. The mean serum gastrin concentration rises after a meal to similar peak values in both normal subjects and duodenal ulcer patients, and falls to basal values within 3 hours in normal subjects. In duodenal ulcer patients the peak concentration is sustained throughout the 3-hour test period, and this response is not affected by the administration of Metiamide.
It is concluded that the control of gastrin release is defective in duodenal ulceration, and this may be due to a failure of the antral pH feedback mechanism.
Gastrin may be a primary pathogenetic factor in duodenal ulceration.
Cancer of the stomach: A review of 854 patients
Authors: Cassell Paul , Robinson James O 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A review is presented of 854 patients suffering from cancer of the stomach who attended St Bartholomew's Hospital between 1948 and 1962. The presentations and methods of investigations showed little change over the 15-year period, which is similar to other large series. The symptoms of anaemia and indigestion appear to be paramount in making an early diagnosis, and negative barium meal studies should not be accepted when these two symptoms are present. There are indications that early laparotomy and a more aggressive surgical approach may increase the 5-year survival rate.
Drug therapy for postvagotomy gastric stasis
Authors: Sheiner H J , Catchpole B N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An unusual but well-recognized complication of truncal vagotomy with a drainage procedure is severe gastric stasis (atony). In 6 patients presenting with this problem drug therapy was initiated after mechanical obstruction of the gastric outlet was excluded by radiology. Bethanechol chloride was successful in stimulating gastric peristalsis in all the patients, with consequent improvement of symptoms in 5 out of the 6 subjects. Metoclopramide alone was of no value in starting peristalsis but of possible benefit once gastric motility had begun.
Ischaemic necrosis of the gallbladder following hepatic artery embolism
Authors: De Jode L R , Nicholls R J , Wright P L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of ischaemic necrosis of the gallbladder due to hepatic artery embolism diagnosed at operation and treated successfully by cholecystectomy and embolectomy is presented. The clinical and biochemical features are described, together with a short review of the literature.
Cholecystostomy
Authors: Havard Cyril , Parry David 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The role of cholecystostomy in the surgical treatment of gallstones has been considered. In a consecutive series of 558 patients who underwent surgery for gallstones, 30 (5·4 per cent) had cholecystostomy alone and a further 17 (3.1 per cent) cholecystostomy combined with exploration of the bile ducts. Cholecystostomy was done because cholecystectomy was technically very hazardous in 15 patients. In the remaining patients cholecystostomy was preferred to cholecystectomy because of the poor general condition of the patient or the presence of pancreatitis. Of the 47 patients submitted to cholecystostomy, 2 (4·2 per cent) died post-operatively and 4 (8·4 per cent) subsequently underwent cholecystectomy. Of 24 patients who were available for long term follow-up, only 1 patient had pain which was definitely considered to be due to gallstones, although 3 other patients also had abdominal pain, while 7 patients showed radiological evidence of gallstones.
It is contended that cholecystostomy has a small but definite part to play in the immediate surgical treatment of gallstones and that the long term results of the operation are sufficiently good to justify its use in selected patients.