bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative assessment of the erosion and deposition effects of landslide-dam outburst flood, Eastern Himalaya
Authors: Dong Xiaolu , Wang Xianyan , Yang Long , Zhao Zhijun , Van Balen Ronald , Miao Xiaodong , Liu Tao , Vandenberghe Jef , Pan Baotian , Gibling Martin , Lu Huayu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBoth regular flow and infrequent outburst floods shape the mountain landscape, but their relative contributions have been widely debated, in part due to the paucity of quantitative data on historical outburst floods. In June 2000, an outburst flood was triggered by a landslide-dam failure in a rapidly exhumed region of the Eastern Himalaya. To investigate the role of this kind outburst flood on landscape evolution, we employ topographic differencing, satellite imagery, and 2D hydraulic simulations to quantify the equivalent erosion and deposition within ~ 80 km flood route downstream of the breach. The flood lasted for ~ 10 h, with a peak discharge of 105 m3/s, leading to average erosion of 10 m, and contributed ~ 1–2 × 103 times more sediment than over long-term mean fluvial processes. The flood produced extensive lateral erosion, which triggered a threefold widening of the valley floor and abundant subsequent landslides. The ubiquitous boulder bars deposited in the channel inhibited incision, and facilitated lateral erosion after the flood. The resulting channel configuration and extensive bank erosion continue to affect fluvial dynamics until the next catastrophic flood that remobilizes the boulders. Our quantitative findings highlight the profound importance of recurrent outburst floods for gorge development and landscape evolution in Eastern Himalaya.
High allelic diversity in Arabidopsis NLRs is associated with distinct genomic features
Authors: Sutherland Chandler A , Prigozhin Daniil M , Monroe J Grey , Krasileva Ksenia V 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlants rely on Nucleotide-binding, Leucine-rich repeat Receptors (NLRs) for pathogen recognition. Highly variable NLRs (hvNLRs) show remarkable intraspecies diversity, while their low-variability paralogs (non-hvNLRs) are conserved between ecotypes. At a population level, hvNLRs provide new pathogen-recognition specificities, but the association between allelic diversity and genomic and epigenomic features has not been established. Our investigation of NLRs in Arabidopsis Col-0 has revealed that hvNLRs show higher expression, less gene body cytosine methylation, and closer proximity to transposable elements than non-hvNLRs. hvNLRs show elevated synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide diversity and are in chromatin states associated with an increased probability of mutation. Diversifying selection maintains variability at a subset of codons of hvNLRs, while purifying selection maintains conservation at non-hvNLRs. How these features are established and maintained, and whether they contribute to the observed diversity of hvNLRs is key to understanding the evolution of plant innate immune receptors.
Stability Over Time of Word Syllable Duration for Speakers With Acquired Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Bunker Lisa D. , Bailey Dallin J. , Poss Elaine , Mauszycki Shannon , Wambaugh Julie L. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
Neurogenic speech and language disorders—such as acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) and aphasia with phonemic paraphasia (APP)—are often misdiagnosed due to similarities in clinical presentation. Word syllable duration (WSD)—a measure of average syllable length in multisyllabic words—serves as a proxy for speech rate, which is an important and arguably more objective clinical characteristic of AOS and APP. This study reports stability of WSD over time for speakers with AOS (and aphasia).

Method:

Twenty-nine participants with AOS and aphasia (11 women and 18 men,
M
age
= 53.5 years,
SD
= 13.3) repeated 30 multisyllabic words (of three-, four-, and five-syllable lengths) on three occasions across 4 weeks. WSDs were calculated for each word and then averaged across each list (i.e., word length), as well as across combined lists (i.e., all 30 words) to yield four WSDs for each participant at each time point. Stability over time was calculated using Friedman's test for the group and using Spearman's rho for the individual level. Effects of time and word length were examined using robust mixed-effects linear regression.

Results:
Friedman's tests and correlations indicated no significant difference in WSDs across sampling occasions for each word length separately or combined. WSD correlated positively with AOS severity and negatively with intelligibility but was not correlated with aphasia severity. Regression analyses confirmed WSD to be stable over time, while WSD calculated from only five tokens (i.e., WSD-5) was less stable over time.

Conclusions:
Results indicate that WSD can be a stable measure over time, at the individual and group level, providing support for its use in diagnosis and/or as an outcome measure, both clinically and for research. In general, WSD outperformed WSD-5, suggesting that it may be better to calculate WSD from more than five tokens. Stability of WSD in other populations and suitability for differential diagnosis need to be determined. Currently, differentiating disorders by speaking rate, alone, is not recommended.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25438735
Expert*innen-Interviews zur Einschätzung der Implementation, Barrieren und Ressourcen der Evidenzbasierten Praxis (EBP) in der Physio-, Ergo- und Sprachtherapie in Deutschland, basierend auf den Ergebnissen einer EBP-Umfrage
Authors: Reinecke Sarah , Mijic Marko , Ernst Kathrin , Lohmann Marieke , Koch Maren , Dreher Christian , Gerhard Janina , Jung Andrés , Balzer Julia 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die wissenschaftliche Kompetenz bei der Anwendung Evidenzbasierter Praxis (EBP) in den Berufsgruppen Physiotherapie (PT), Ergotherapie (ET) und Sprachtherapie (ST) variiert stark, aufgrund der derzeitigen divergenten Ausbildungsstruktur (Ausbildung/Studium) in Deutschland.
Ziel Die qualitative Studie evaluierte mithilfe von Expert*inneninterviews die Umsetzungsbarrieren der vorangegangenen EBP-Studie und identifizierte Expert*innenmeinungen zu möglichen Lösungsansätzen für therapeutische Berufe.
Methode Basierend auf den Haupterkenntnissen und einzelnen Zitaten des vorangegangenen Surveys wurde ein Interviewleitfaden erstellt und anhand einer Interview-Checkliste (COREQ) überprüft und angepasst. Ausgewählt wurde je eine Person als Expert*in aus den Bereichen PT, ET und ST, die sich mit der Thematik der EBP im Berufsalltag beschäftigt und Autor*in von Publikationen zum Thema EBP ist. Die 3 Interviews fanden von Juni–September 2020 statt. Die Auswertung des Datenmaterials erfolgte nach der induktiven Kategorienentwicklung in Anlehnung an Mayring 1
2 und Kuckartz 3, die daraus resultierenden Kategorien wurden strukturiert und auf die Forschungsfrage angewendet.
Ergebnisse Die EBP-Teilnehmenden waren sich bei den Umfrageergebnissen zum Umsetzungsgrad von EBP einig. Beschrieben wurden intrinsische Faktoren, die den Kategorien: Einstellung zu EBP, Verständnis von EBP und Kompetenzentwicklung sowie persönliche Faktoren zugeordnet werden konnten, zudem extrinsische strukturell-organisatorische Faktoren wie Ausbildungsstruktur, Fortbildungen, Arbeitsplatz, Netzwerk, Rahmenbedingungen, Zugang zu Literatur und Forschung sowie zeitliche und finanzielle Ressourcen. Nach Meinung der Expert*innen können alle intrinsischen und extrinsischen Faktoren je nach Ausprägung fördernd oder hemmend wirken.
Schlussfolgerung Dem Ergebnis zufolge ist ein genaues Verständnis von EBP für deren Umsetzung von entscheidender Bedeutung, es wirkt sich auf die persönliche Einstellung und die Beschaffenheit der äußeren Rahmenbedingungen aus. Ein korrektes Verständnis von EBP und die Kompetenzentwicklung in den 3 Berufen durch Ausbildung, Fortbildung und Unterstützung am Arbeitsplatz kann die Umsetzung von EBP fördern.
EUS-guided hydrogel injection to separate pancreatic head carcinoma from duodenum for enhanced radiotherapy: Multi-site feasibility study
Authors: Bhutani Manoop S. , Narang Amol K. , Ding Kai , Casey Brenna , Krishnan Kumar , Koay Eugene J. , Hong Theodore S. , Herman Joseph M. , Griffin Kristen H. , Shin Eun Ji 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims The proximity of a pancreas head tumor to the duodenum often limits delivery of an ablative dose of radiation therapy. This study evaluated the feasibility and safety of using an injectable polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel between the head of the pancreas and duodenum.
Patients and methods In a multi-site feasibility cohort study of patients with localized pancreatic cancer, PEG hydrogel was injected under endoscopic ultrasound guidance to temporarily position the duodenum away from the pancreas. Procedure characteristics were recorded, including hydrogel volume and space created. Patients were monitored for adverse events (AEs) and radiotherapy toxicity.
Results In all six intent-to-treat patients (four with borderline resectable, two with locally advanced disease), the ability to place and visualize PEG hydrogel and create space between the duodenum and the head of the pancreas was successful. There were no procedure-related AEs resulting in radiotherapy delay. There were no device-related AEs and no reports of pancreatitis.
Conclusions PEG hydrogel was successfully placed, created space between the duodenum and the head of the pancreas, and was not associated with major toxicity. Enhancing radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer by using PEG hydrogel to create peri-duodenal space could have beneficial implications for treatment and warrants more exploration.
Rationalising Optimal Dosing of Phytotherapeutics For Use In Children: Current Status – Potential Solutions – Actions Needed
Authors: Hensel Andreas , Bauer Rudolf , Heinrich Michael , Hempel Georg , Kelber Olaf , Kraft Karin , Lehmann Birka , Medà Montserrat Mesegué , Nieber Karen , Roether Bernd , Rollinger Judith Maria , Wiebelitz Rüdiger 
Published: March 2024

Abstract“Children are not small adults with respect to the treatment with medicinal products.” This statement of the WHO was the basis for the initiative of the European Commission for the establishment of a paediatric regulation in 2007 to improve the health of children by facilitating the development of medicines for children and adolescents. Seventeen years later, in the field of herbal medicinal products, results are still sobering. Therefore, the Foundation Plants for Health, Society for Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research, and German Society for Phytotherapy organised a symposium to assess the status quo for the paediatric use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs), to analyse the causes of the current situation, and to discuss strategies for establishing the proof of safe and efficacious HMPs for children.The current situation for HMPs and their use in children is not fulfilling the requirements of legislation. HMPs in paediatrics are effective and safe, but considering the needs of children is necessary. In European countries, the use, registration, and marketing of HMPs are different, depending on the respective national regulations and specific traditions. EU herbal monographs are the best common denominator for such procedures. Emerging safety discussions must be considered. New approaches with real-world data might be a solution. The regulatory framework is to be adapted. Defining rationalised dosing for HMPs can be achieved by the extrapolation of data from adults, by using existing clinical data for children, and by using RWD. Therefore, a strong need for revising restrictions for the use of HMPs in children and rationalising defined dosage regimes is obvious.
One-Pot N-α-C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalisation Cascade for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Imidazoles
Authors: Kadu Vikas D. , Sankala Naga Chandradudu , Hublikar Mahesh G. , Bansode Shahaji I. , Bhosale Raghunath B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA one-pot eco-friendly oxidative N-α-C(sp3)–H bond functionalisation of arylmethylamines for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazoles is demonstrated. The substrate scope of these amines has been well-explored with different substrates, such as 1,2-diketones, an α-hydroxy ketone and phenylacetophenone. In the presence of FeCl3 catalyst and green oxidant O2, the easily accessible substrates afforded tetrasubstituted imidazoles in up to 94% yield.
Ultrafast spectroscopy study of DNA photophysics after proflavine intercalation
Authors: Zhou Jie , Wang Xueli , Jia Menghui , He Xiaoxiao , Pan Haifeng , Chen Jinquan 
Published: March 2024

Proflavine (PF), an acridine DNA intercalating agent, has been widespread applied as an anti-microbial and topical antiseptic agent due to its ability to suppress DNA replication. On the other hand, various studies show that PF intercalation to DNA can increase photogenotoxicity and has potential chances to induce carcinomas of skin appendages. However, the effects of PF intercalation on the photophysical and photochemical properties of DNA have not been sufficiently explored. In this study, the excited state dynamics of the PF intercalated d(GC)9 • d(GC)9 and d(AT)9 • d(AT)9 DNA duplex are investigated in an aqueous buffer solution. Under 267 nm excitation, we observed ultrafast charge transfer (CT) between PF and d(GC)9 • d(GC)9 duplex, generating a CT state with an order of magnitude longer lifetime compared to that of the intrinsic excited state reported for the d(GC)9 • d(GC)9 duplex. In contrast, no excited state interaction was detected between PF and d(AT)9 • d(AT)9. Nevertheless, a localized triplet state with a lifetime over 5 µs was identified in the PF–d(AT)9 • d(AT)9 duplex.
Spatiotemporal evolution of ultrafast photocarrier dynamics across WS2–ReS2 lateral interface
Authors: Cui Qiannan , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang He , Chang Jianhua , Xu Hua , Xu Chunxiang 
Published: March 2024

2D lateral heterostructures possess atomically sharp lateral interfaces, while understanding of their ultrafast photocarrier dynamics from a spatiotemporal viewpoint is rather elusive. In this study, we have investigated the spatiotemporal evolution of photocarrier dynamics across the 1D lateral interface of a WS2–ReS2 2D lateral heterostructure utilizing femtosecond laser pump–probe. The nontrivial band offset across the 1D lateral interface markedly mediates the spatiotemporal photocarrier transfer and transport processes. Subsequently, a hole accumulation region on the WS2 side and an electron accumulation region (1DEG) on the ReS2 side have been spatially identified by correlating ultrafast photocarrier signals. The measured width of the unilateral depletion region is 1360 ± 160 nm. Our work has provided substantial insights into mediated photocarrier dynamics in the 2D lateral heterostructure, which will benefit explorations in 2D interfacial physics and 2D lateral optoelectronic devices.
Characterisation of social media conversations on syphilis: an unobtrusive observational study
Authors: Dawson Abby C. , Fitzpatrick Alyssa K. , Matthews Janet M. , Nguyen Andrew A. K. , Papanaoum Kelly , Smith Justine R. 
Published: March 2024

Background Conversations around disease conducted through social media provide a means for capturing public perspectives that may be useful in considering public health approaches. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that is re-emerging. We sought to characterise online discourse on syphilis using data collected from the social media platform, Twitter. Methods We extracted English-language tweets containing the word ‘syphilis’ posted on Twitter in 2019. Tweet identification number and URL, date and time of posting, number of retweets and likes, and the author’s screen name, username and biographical statement were included in the dataset. A systematically sampled 10% subset of the data was subjected to qualitative analysis, involving categorisation on content. All tweets assigned to the category of medical resource were assessed for clinical accuracy. The engagement ratio for each category was calculated as (retweets + likes):tweets. Results In 2019, 111,388 tweets mentioning syphilis were posted by 69,921 authors. The most frequent content category – totalling 5370 tweets (48%) – was a joke. Of 1762 tweets (16%) categorised as a medical resource, 1484 (84%) were medically correct and 240 (14%) were medically incorrect; for 38 (2%), medical accuracy could not be judged from the information posted. Tweets categorised as personal experiences had the highest engagement ratio at approximately 19:1. Medical resource tweets had an engagement ratio of approximately 7:1. Conclusions We found medical information about syphilis was limited on Twitter. As tweets about personal experiences generate high engagement, coupling an experience with information may provide opportunity for public health education.
Theoretical modeling and experimental investigation of in-phase resonant MEMS mirrors with cascaded structures
Authors: Chen Wenhao , Luo Huahuang , Tavakkoli Hadi , Duan Mingzheng , Piyawattanametha Wibool , Lee Yi-Kuen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes an efficient nonlinear one-dimensional (1D) compact mass-damper-spring model to predict the dynamic response of electrostatic resonant micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mirrors with cascaded structures. The time-dependent damping moment due to viscous shear and pressure drag is computed using semi-empirical analytical equations for comb-drive structures and device frames. Nonlinear electrostatic force induced by the comb drives is efficiently acquired based on the hybrid method. The optimized device is fabricated using MEMS fabrication processes based on a 4-inch silicon-on-insulator wafer. The proposed compact model with the measured key parameters from the fabricated device shows excellent capability to accurately predict nonlinear dynamic responses of the fabricated device, including parametric excitation and hysteretic frequency response, with an average error of less than 5%. In particular, our 1D model is three orders of magnitude faster than the conventional finite element method model (0.8 s versus 1 h), enabling efficient system-level optimization of the critical design parameters. Based on the parametric study, electrode gap distance and torsion spring width are found to be two critical design parameters and dimensional analysis is conducted for design optimization with scan angle enhancing from 16.8° to 24° compared with the first design.
A novel sonoelectrochemical approach for preparing of ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Quynh Pham Huong , Trang Hoang Minh , Trung Nguyen Thanh , Dinh Nguyen Nang , Van Thanh Dang , Anh Le Phuoc , Luyen Nguyen Thi , Van Nguyen Thi Khanh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A novel, rapid, and facile method for one-step sonoelectrochemical synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (UEZ) was introduced in this study. The optimum operating parameters have been selected at a voltage of 7.5 V, KCl concentration of 0.5 M, and the reaction time of 60 min. The as-prepared UEZ were characterized by XRD, SEM, and HRTEM. It was found that the UEZ has a hexagonal wurtzite structure with high crystalline quality, good purity, a size range of 30–100 nm, and good photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. This work provides a facile route for large-scale synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles via anodization.
Biosynthesis and antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles using Buchanania obovata fruit extract and the eutectic-based ionic liquid
Authors: Jabbar Kadhim Qasim , Barzinjy Azeez Abdullah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The fruit extract of Buchanania obovata and the eutectic-based ionic liquid were utilized, in an eco-friendly, inexpensive, simple method, for synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The influence of the reducing, capping and stabilizing agents, in both mediums, on the structure, optical, and morphological properties of ZnO NPs was extensively investigated. The surface plasmon resonance peaks were observed at 340 nm and 320 nm for the fruit-based and the eutectic-based ionic liquid mediums, respectively, indicating the formation of ZnO NPs. XRD results confirmed the wurtzite structure of the ZnO NPs, exhibiting hexagonal phases in the diffraction patterns. The SEM and TEM images display that the biosynthesized ZnO NPs exhibit crystalline and hexagonal shape, with an average size of 40 nm for the fruit-based and 25 nm for the eutectic-based ionic liquid. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, revealed a value ∼13 m2 g−1 for ZnO NPs synthesized using the fruit extract and ∼29 m2 g−1 for those synthesized using the eutectic-based ionic liquid. The antibacterial activity of the biosynthesized ZnO NPs was assessed against clinically isolated Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacterial strains using the inhibition zone method. The ZnO NPs produced from the eutectic-based ionic liquids confirmed superior antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli compared to those mediated by the utilized fruit extract. At a concentration of 1000, the eutectic-based ionic liquid mediated ZnO NPs displayed a maximum inhibition zone of 16 mm against S. aureus, while against E. coli, a maximum inhibition zone of 15 mm was observed using the fruit extract mediated ZnO NPs. The results of this study showed that the biosynthesized ZnO NPs can be utilized as an efficient substitute to the frequently used chemical drugs and covering drug resistance matters resulted from continual usage of chemical drugs by users.
Development of non-invasive flexible directional microwave ablation for central lung cancer: a simulation study
Authors: Fang Zheng , Wu Chen , Cao Lin , Wang Tao , Hong Xiaowu , Moser Michael A.J. , Zhang Wenjun , Zhang Bing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Transbronchial microwave ablation (MWA) with flexible antennas has gradually become an attractive alternative to percutaneous MWA for lung cancer due to its characteristic of non-invasiveness. However, flexible antennas for the precision ablation of lung tumors that are adjacent to critical bronchial structures are still not available. In this study, a non-invasive flexible directional (FD) antenna for early stage central lung tumors surrounding the bronchia was proposed. A comprehensive numerical MWA model with the FD antenna was developed in a real human-sized left lung model. The structure of the antenna and the treatment protocol were optimized by a generic algorithm for the precision ablation of two cases of early stage central lung cancer (i.e. spherical-like and ellipsoidal tumors). The electromagnetic efficiency of the optimized antenna was also improved by implementing an optimized

π

-matching network for impedance matching. The results indicate that the electromagnetic energy of MWA can be restricted to a particular area for precision ablation of specific lung tumors using the FD antenna. This study contributes to the field of lung cancer management with MWA.