bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of retinopathy in impaired glucose tolerance and recent‐onset diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors:   Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: January 2007

AbstractAims  Retinopathy is considered the complication most closely associated with and characteristic of diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycaemia below levels diagnostic of diabetes, so called pre‐diabetes, is associated with a low prevalence of ‘diabetic’ retinopathy. However, few longitudinal studies of non‐diabetic populations have performed repeated measures of glycaemia and screened for retinopathy to determine its occurrence in the non‐diabetic population and the onset of retinopathy in new‐onset diabetic patients. We determined the prevalence of retinopathy characteristically seen in diabetes in persons with impaired glucose tolerance and in patients with new‐onset diabetes of known duration in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) cohort.Methods  The DPP recruited persons with elevated fasting glucose (5.3–6.9 mmol/l) and impaired glucose tolerance, and no history of diagnosed diabetes, other than gestational diabetes not persisting after pregnancy. Seven‐field, stereoscopic fundus photography was completed a mean of 3.1 years after the development of diabetes in 594 of 878 participants who had developed diabetes during the DPP, and in a random sample of 302 participants who remained non‐diabetic.Results  Retinopathy consistent with diabetic retinopathy was detected in 12.6 and 7.9% of the diabetic and non‐diabetic participants, respectively (P = 0.03, comparing prevalence in the two groups). Systolic blood pressure and HbA1c were higher at baseline in the diabetic participants who had retinopathy compared with the diabetic participants without retinopathy.Conclusions  Retinopathy characteristic of diabetes is present in persons with elevated fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance and no known history of diabetes. The prevalence of retinopathy is significantly higher in persons who develop diabetes, even within 3 years of diagnosis.
History of major depressive disorder and diabetes outcomes in diet‐ and tablet‐treated post‐menopausal women: a case control study
Authors: Wagner J. A. , Tennen H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAims  Little is known about the long‐term associations between remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) and clinical diabetes outcomes. This study investigated associations between a remote history of fully remitted MDD and (i) glycaemic control, (ii) diabetes symptoms, and (iii) physical and emotional functioning in post‐menopausal women with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods  Forty‐four post‐menopausal women with diet‐ or tablet‐treated T2DM participated. Twenty‐three had never experienced depression and 21 had a history of MDD. All participants had been free of MDD and antidepressant treatment for ≥ 1 year.Results  Compared with their never‐depressed counterparts, women with a history of MDD had significantly higher HbA1c (7.0 vs. 6.5%), more diabetes symptoms, and worse emotional functioning, after controlling for confounding variables. Differences in HbA1c and diabetes symptoms were not accounted for by the higher current subclinical depressive symptoms observed in the previously depressed group. Differences in emotional functioning were accounted for by current subclinical depressive symptoms.Conclusions  Most health‐care providers overlook fully remitted depression. However, previously depressed patients, who outnumber currently depressed patients, may still have poorer glycaemic control than never‐depressed patients.
Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and medial temporal lobe atrophy: the LADIS study
Authors: Korf E. S. C. , Van Straaten E. C. W. , De Leeuw F.‐E. , Van Der Flier W. M. , Barkhof F. , Pantoni L. , Basile A. M. , Inzitari D. , Erkinjuntti T. , Wahlund L.‐O. , Rostrup E. , Schmidt R. , Fazekas F. , Scheltens P. ,   on behalf of the LADIS Study Group
Published: January 2007

AbstractHypothesis  Based on recent findings on the association between vascular risk factors and hippocampal atrophy, we hypothesized that hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are associated with medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) in subjects without disability, independent of the severity of white matter hyperintensities.Methods  In the Leukoaraiosis And DISability in the elderly (LADIS) study, we investigated the relationships between DM, hypertension, blood pressure and MTA in 582 subjects, stratified by white matter hyperintensity severity, using multinomial logistic regression. MTA was visually scored for the left and right medial temporal lobe (score 0–4), and meaned.Results  Mean age was 73.5 years (sd 5.1), 54% was female. Of the subjects, 15% had DM, and 70% had a history of hypertension. The likelihood of having MTA score 3 was significantly higher in subjects with DM (OR 2.9; 95% CI: 1.1–7.8) compared with an MTA score of 0 (no atrophy). The odds ratio for MTA score 2 was not significantly increased (OR 1.8; CI: 0.9–4). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and a history of hypertension were not associated with MTA. There was no interaction between DM and hypertension. Stratification on white matter hyperintensities (WMH) did not alter the associations.Conclusion Our study strengthens the observation that MTA is associated with DM, independently of the amount of small vessel disease as reflected by WMH.
Pancreatic B‐cell function is altered by oxidative stress induced by acute hyperglycaemia
Authors: Miyazaki Y. , Kawano H. , Yoshida T. , Miyamoto S. , Hokamaki J. , Nagayoshi Y. , Yamabe H. , Nakamura H. , Yodoi J. , Ogawa H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAims  Type 2 diabetes is preceded by a symptom‐free period of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Pancreatic B‐cell function decreases as glucose intolerance develops. In many patients with IGT, fasting blood glucose is within normal limits and hyperglycaemia occurs only postprandially. We examined whether pancreatic B‐cell function changes during acute hyperglycaemia induced by oral glucose loading.Methods  We calculated the insulinogenic index (I.I.) as an indicator of pancreatic B‐cell function and measured serum levels of thioredoxin, a marker of cellular redox state, and 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), a marker of oxidative stress, during a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 45 subjects [24 patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 14 with IGT and seven with Type 2 diabetes].Results  Thioredoxin levels decreased after glucose loading [66.1 ± 23.7, *59.3 ± 22.4, *49.3 ± 21.2 and *37.7 ± 18.0 ng/ml, fasting (0 min) and at 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively; *P < 0.001 vs. fasting]. In contrast, concentrations of 8‐OHdG peaked at 30 min and then gradually decreased (0.402 ± 0.123, *0.440 ± 0.120, †0.362 ± 0.119 and †0.355 ± 0.131 ng/ml, *P < 0.05 vs. fasting, †P < 0.01 vs. 30 min). The insulinogenic index correlated with the change in thioredoxin levels (r = 0.34, P < 0.05). However, there was no relationship with the change in 8‐OHdG levels from 0 to 30 min.Conclusions  Hyperglycaemia in response to oral glucose impairs pancreatic B‐cell function with decreasing thioredoxin levels. The augmented oxidative stress induced by hyperglycaemia may affect the cellular redox state. These findings strongly suggest that repeated postprandial hyperglycaemia may play an important role in the development and progression of diabetes mellitus.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents from a north Indian population
Authors: Singh R. , Bhansali A. , Sialy R. , Aggarwal A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAims  To estimate the prevalence and distribution of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in adolescents attending school in the north Indian city of Chandigarh.Research design and methods  At total of 1083 adolescents attending school (aged 12–17 years) participated in a community‐based cross‐sectional survey. Anthropometric examination included height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist–hip ratio and blood pressure measurement. A fasting blood sample was taken for measurement of glucose, insulin and lipid profile. Socio‐demographic characteristics were investigated using a questionnaire. The metabolic syndrome was determined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition modified for age.Results  The overall prevalence of MS in adolescents was 4.2%. However, the prevalence rose to 5.8% when the fasting plasma glucose cut‐off was lowered to 5.5 mmol/l. There was no gender difference in the distribution of MS. When stratified by body mass index (BMI), 5.5% adolescents were overweight (BMI ≥ 95th percentile), while 4% were at risk for overweight (BMI between 85th and 95th percentile). Of the overweight adolescents, 36.6% met the criteria for MS, while 11.5% at risk for overweight and only 1.9% of the normal population had MS (P < 0.0001). Low high‐density lipoprotein was the most common and abdominal obesity the least common constituent of MS. There was a significant difference (P < 0.0001) between the prevalence of MS adolescents from low to high socio‐economic strata.Conclusions  A substantial number (4.2%) of north Indian adolescents and 36.6% of overweight adolescents had MS. This poses a serious threat to the current and future health of these young people.
Incidence of Type 2 diabetes in England and its association with baseline impaired fasting glucose: The Ely study 1990–2000
Authors: Forouhi N. G. , Luan J. , Hennings S. , Wareham N. J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAim  To determine the incidence of Type 2 diabetes and to examine the effect of different cut‐points for impaired fasting glucose (IFG) on diabetes incidence.Methods  Population‐based longitudinal study (1990–2000) with clinical, anthropometric and biochemical measurements, including an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in 1040 non‐diabetic adults aged 40–69 years at baseline. Baseline glucose status was defined as normoglycaemia < 5.6, IFG‐lower 5.6–6.0 and IFG‐original 6.1–6.9 mmol/l. The all‐IFG group included fasting glucose values of 5.6–6.9 mmol/l.Results  The 10‐year cumulative incidence of diabetes was 7.3 per 1000 person‐years. Diabetes incidence was 2.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2, 4.8], 6.2 (4.0, 9.8) and 17.5 (12.5, 24.5) per 1000 person‐years in those with normoglycaemia, IFG‐lower and IFG‐original, respectively. Compared with normoglycaemia, the age/sex‐adjusted risk [hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI] for incident diabetes was greatest in the IFG‐original category (HR 6.9; 3.1, 15.2) and increased to a lesser degree in the IFG‐lower (HR 2.5; 1.1, 5.7) and all‐IFG categories (HR 4.1; 1.9, 8.7). When adjusted for confounding factors, the magnitude and direction of associations persisted, with HR 1.9, 4.4 and 2.9, for the categories IFG‐lower, IFG‐original and all‐IFG, respectively.Conclusions  Diabetes incidence is more strongly related to IFG defined as fasting glucose between 6.1 and 6.9 mmol/l than to the lower category of 5.6–6.0 mmol/l, or entire range of 5.6–6.9 mmol/l. Future studies should examine the association of IFG with cardiovascular outcomes, but for diabetes risk our study supports the use of the IFG cut‐point at 6.1 mmol/l.
The Introduction of the Euro and Derivative Use in French Firms
Authors: Capstaff John , Marshall Andrew , Hutton Julie 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn January 1999 several European countries adopted a common currency, the “euro”. This important economic event provided an opportunity to examine the determinants of risk management in an environment where exposure to foreign exchange (FX) risk was considerably reduced. For a sample of French firms we found the decline in the use of FX derivatives was greater for firms with substantial sales within the euro zone and less for firms in industries that still had significant imports from outside the euro zone. The focus on derivatives adds to existing research, as it is a more explicit indicator of a reduction in the resources devoted to hedging. The reduction in hedging was not in direct proportion to the reduction in FX exposure, implying that euro risk was hedged more intensely than French franc risk in the sample of French firms over the chosen years.
‘GM‐gene‐deletor’: fused loxP‐FRT recognition sequences dramatically improve the efficiency of FLP or CRE recombinase on transgene excision from pollen and seed of tobacco plants
Authors: Luo Keming , Duan Hui , Zhao Degang , Zheng Xuelian , Deng Wei , Chen Yongqin , Stewart C. Neal , McAvoy Richard , Jiang Xiangning , Wu Yanhong , He Aigong , Pei Yan , Li Yi 
Published: January 2007

SummaryPollen‐ and seed‐mediated transgene flow is a concern in plant biotechnology. We report here a highly efficient ‘genetically modified (GM)‐gene‐deletor’ system to remove all functional transgenes from pollen, seed or both. With the three pollen‐ and/or seed‐specific gene promoters tested, the phage CRE/loxP or yeast FLP/FRT system alone was inefficient in excising transgenes from tobacco pollen and/or seed, with no transgenic event having 100% efficiency. When loxP‐FRT fusion sequences were used as recognition sites, simultaneous expression of both FLP and CRE reduced the average excision efficiency, but the expression of FLP or CRE alone increased the average excision efficiency, with many transgenic events being 100% efficient based on more than 25 000 T1 progeny examined per event. The ‘GM‐gene‐deletor’ reported here may be used to produce ‘non‐transgenic’ pollen and/or seed from transgenic plants and to provide a bioconfinement tool for transgenic crops and perennials, with special applicability towards vegetatively propagated plants and trees.
JOINING EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION: A REAL OPTIONS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Strobel Frank 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTWe examine the real option implicit in countries' decisions on whether to join a monetary union when future benefits of this move are uncertain. Our theoretical model is calibrated for the current Euro‐12 area and EU‐15 outs, proxying policymakers' inflation preferences with unemployment rates, debt‐to‐GDP and potential‐to‐actual‐GDP ratios. The Euro‐12 area is generally ready or close to wanting to expand, whereas the EU‐15 outs are unready to make that move at present and have widely varying probabilities of wanting to do so in the future, depending on the measure used.
Sumatriptan and Corneal Reflexes in Headache-Free Migraine Patients: A Randomized and Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
Authors: Busch V , Kaube S , Schulte-Mattler W , Kaube H , May A 
Published: January 2007

A temporary sensitization of central trigeminal neurones in migraine patients during acute attacks has been described in previous studies using the electrically evoked nociceptive blink reflex. The cornea is innervated by small myelinated A-delta and unmyelinated C-fibres only. Stimulation with air puffs activates peripheral nociceptors and allows the investigation of peripheral trigeminal nerve structures. Our objective was to investigate whether corneal reflex examinations with air puff stimulation detect abnormalities in migraineurs during their pain-free interval and if the corneal reflex may be modulated by the administration of an oral triptan. After validation of the nociceptive air puff technique by investigating the corneal reflexes before and after a local anaesthesia of the cornea, we recorded corneal reflexes in 25 migraineurs during their pain-free period and 25 healthy controls before and after the oral administration of 100 mg sumatriptan in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Baseline response areas under the curve (AUCs) and latencies of the R2 components of the corneal reflexes did not show any significant differences between patients and controls. Patients did not show any significant differences regarding their headache and non-headache side. The use of an oral triptan had no significant influence on latencies or AUCs in both patients and controls. Our data suggest that there is no facilitation of the trigeminal system in the headache-free interval among patients with migraine. The stable corneal reflexes after the oral administration of 100 mg sumatriptan suggest that there was no inhibition of the trigeminal system, both in patients during their headache-free period and in healthy controls.
Inflammation induces mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal system
Authors: Hunter Randy L. , Dragicevic Natasa , Seifert Kristen , Choi Dong Young , Liu Mei , Kim Hyoung‐Chun , Cass Wayne A. , Sullivan Patrick G. , Bing Guoying 
Published: January 2007

AbstractEvidence suggests that chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress play significant and perhaps synergistic roles in Parkinson’s disease (PD), where the primary pathology is significant loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The use of anti‐inflammatory drugs for PD treatment has been proposed, and inhibition of cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) or activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ) yields neuroprotection in MPTP‐induced PD. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces inflammation‐driven dopaminergic neurodegeneration. We tested the hypothesis that celecoxib (Celebrex, COX‐2 inhibitor) or pioglitazone (Actos, PPAR‐γ agonist) will reduce the LPS‐induced inflammatory response, spare mitochondrial bioenergetics, and improve nigral dopaminergic neuronal survival. Rats were treated with vehicle, celecoxib, or pioglitazone and were intrastriatally injected with LPS. Inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, decreased dopamine, and nigral dopaminergic neuronal loss were observed post‐LPS. Celecoxib and pioglitazone provided neuroprotective properties by decreasing inflammation and restoring mitochondrial function. Pioglitazone also attenuated oxidative stress and partially restored striatal dopamine as well as demonstrated dopaminergic neuroprotection and reduced nigral microglial activation. In summary, intrastriatal LPS served as a model for inflammation‐induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration, anti‐inflammatory drugs provided protective properties, and pioglitazone or celecoxib may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of neuro‐inflammation and PD.
Proteomic analysis of protein nitration in rat cerebellum: effect of biological aging
Authors: Gokulrangan Giridharan , Zaidi Asma , Michaelis Mary L. , Schöneich Christian 
Published: January 2007

Abstract3‐Nitrotyrosine (3‐NT) is a useful biomarker of increasing oxidative stress and protein nitration during biological aging. The proteomic analysis of cerebellar homogenate from Fisher 344/Brown Norway (BN/F1) rats shows an age‐dependent increase in protein nitration, monitored by western‐blot analysis after two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), mainly in the acidic region. Analysis of in‐gel digests by nanoelectrospray (NSI)‐MS/MS resulted in the identification of 16 putatively nitrated proteins. The selective isolation of nitrated proteins using immunoprecipitation, followed by SDS‐PAGE and in‐gel digest/NSI‐MS/MS analysis led to the identification of 22 putatively nitrated proteins, of which 7 were identical to those detected after 2DE. When proteins were separated by solution isoelectrofocusing and analyzed by NSI MS/MS, we obtained MS/MS spectra of 3‐NT containing peptides of four proteins – similar to ryanodine receptor 3, low density lipoprotein related receptor 2, similar to nebulin‐related anchoring protein isoform C and 2,3 cyclic nucleotide 3‐phosphodiesterase. Although the functional consequences of protein nitration for these targets are not yet known, our proteomic experiments serve as a first screen for the more targeted analysis of nitrated proteins from aging cerebellum for functional characterization.
Isolation and characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellite markers from pink conch (Strombus gigas)
Authors: ZAMORA‐BUSTILLOS R. , RODRÍGUEZ‐CANUL R. , DE LEÓN F. J. GARCÍA 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMany marine organisms have pelagic larvae, and these are often important agents of dispersal. The larval phase and the multiple paternity that occur in marine gastropods such as Strombus gigas are crucial for the success of this species throughout the Caribbean Sea. To analyse these factors, we developed eight microsatellite loci specific to S. gigas. On the same set of individuals, the microsatellite loci exhibited a greater level of polymorphism than previously studied allozyme markers and thus, will permit fine‐scale analysis and larval pool studies.
Characterization of tetranucleotide microsatellites for Rio Grande cutthroat trout and rainbow trout, and their cross‐amplification in other cutthroat trout subspecies
Authors: PRITCHARD V. L. , JONES K. , METCALF J. L. , MARTIN A. P. , WILKINSON P. , COWLEY D. E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe describe the isolation and characterization of 12 tetranucleotide microsatellites for Rio Grande cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and subsequently investigate their performance in Colorado River cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus), greenback cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii stomias) and Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri). All 12 loci are polymorphic in all subspecies of O. clarkii examined.
Budd–Chiari‐like syndrome in a dog with a chondrosarcoma of the thoracic wall
Authors: Whelan Megan F. , O'Toole Therese E. , Carlson Kimberly R. , Sutherland‐Smith James , Berg John 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjective:To describe a dog with Budd–Chiari‐like syndrome secondary to caudal vena cava compression from a thoracic wall chondrosarcoma.Case summary:A 9‐year‐old spayed female Shetland Sheepdog cross with a recent history of non‐productive cough developed severe abdominal distension and dyspnea. Marked ascites and enlarged hepatic veins were identified with ultrasonography. At surgery, a right thoracic wall mass was found to be compressing the caudal vena cava. Fluid analysis of the ascites revealed a modified transudate with elevated protein concentration, consistent with Budd–Chiari‐like syndrome. Clinical signs resolved following thoracotomy and complete resection of the mass.New or unique information provided:Obstruction of venous blood flow can result from compression exerted by a space‐occupying thoracic wall mass on the caudal vena cava. Clinical resolution can be achieved with return of adequate venous circulation by removal of the mass and alleviation of the external pressure.
Abdominal compartment syndrome in a dog with babesiosis
Authors: Joubert Kenneth E. , Oglesby Patricia A. , Downie Justine , Serfontein Tania 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjective: To describe a case of abdominal compartment syndrome in a dog with babesiosis.Case summary: A 9‐year‐old female Bull Terrier presented with complicated babesiosis. Additional findings including respiratory distress, abdominal distension, and a decrease in urine output associated with an elevated abdominal pressure (23.5–25 cmH2O) led to a further diagnosis of abdominal compartment syndrome. This case report describes the clinical course of both conditions through resolution.New information provided: Abdominal compartment syndrome is not well described in the veterinary literature, but clinicians should be aware of this potential complication in critically ill patients. The pathophysiology and veterinary literature of abdominal compartment syndrome are reviewed.