bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT OF ADZUKI BEAN AND ITS FRACTIONS
Authors: AMAROWICZ RYSZARD , ESTRELLA ISABEL , HERNÁNDEZ TERESA , TROSZYŃSKA AGNIESZKA 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT Phenolic compounds were extracted from adzuki bean using 80% (v/v) aqueous acetone. Crude extract was applied onto a Sephadex LH‐20 column. Fraction I, consisting of low‐molecular‐weight phenolics, was eluted from the column using ethanol. Fraction II, consisting of tannins, was obtained using water/acetone (1:1; v/v) as the mobile phase. Phenolic compounds present in the crude extract and its fractions showed antioxidant and radical scavenging properties as revealed using a β‐carotene‐linoleate model system, the total antioxidant activity (TAA) method, the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power evaluation. Results of these assays showed highest values when tannins (fraction II) were tested. For example, the TAA of the tannin fraction was 4.17 µmol Trolox/mg, whereas extract and fraction I showed 1.76 and 1.40 µmol Trolox/mg, respectively. The content of total phenolics in fraction II was the highest (189 mg/g). The content of tannins in this fraction determined using the vanillin method and expressed as absorbance units at 500 nm/1 g was 213. There were 29 compounds (hydroxycinnamics, procyanidins, gallates, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, dihydrochalcones) identified in the crude extract using a high‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and mass spectrometry detectors (HPLC‐PAD‐MS) method. Catechin and epicatechin glucosides, procyanidin dimers, myricetin and protocatechuic acid were the dominant phenolics in the extract. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSResults showing the antioxidant activity of adzuki bean extract and its fraction can be useful for producers of healthy foods. The tannin fraction separated from adzuki can be applied for production of natural antioxidant preparations. The results of chemical analysis are valuable for databases of food phenolic compounds.
Natural activity: an explorative study of the interplay between cage‐birds and older people in a Swedish hospital setting
Authors: Falk Hanna , Wijk Helle 
Published: February 2008

Aim.  The aim of this study was to describe the interaction between cage‐birds and older people as it arises in spontaneous situations in a Swedish hospital ward setting.Background.  Older people are at risk of being affected by mental fatigue because of various age‐related reductions and disease. Mental fatigue manifests itself through a reduced ability to concentrate. The method of alleviating mental fatigue with the use of stimulating natural settings or animal‐assisted activities is so far unexplored in Sweden and subsequently it is important to study the method in a Swedish context to implement it as a recognized nursing intervention in the care of older people.Design.  The study had an explorative observational design, and was conducted at a geriatric ward with a consecutive selection of participants.Method.  The observations were analysed using a constant comparative method influenced by Grounded Theory. ‘Attention restorative theory’ was used as the theoretical framework to guide the study.Result.  Our findings indicate that animal‐assisted therapy has a positive effect on involuntary attention and mental restoration, as well as on enhanced social behaviour among older people.Relevance to clinical practice.  The result strengthens the assumption that animal companionship should be considered a beneficial nursing intervention for older people to prevent mental fatigue.
Unmet expectations: why nursing home staff leave care work
Authors: Fläckman Birgitta , Sørlie Venke , Kihlgren Mona 
Published: February 2008

Background. The shortages of healthcare professionals have been a common topic in care of older people.Aim and objectives. The aim of the present study was to illuminate what caused the nursing home caregivers to decide to leave their employment.Design. A two‐year intervention study was performed in three nursing homes in Sweden.Method. This qualitative interview study was conducted with 18 caregivers who decided to leave their employment during the first year. Content analysis was the method used to analyse the interviews.Result. The caregivers' decisions to leave their work in care of older people could be encompassed in one main category: ‘Unmet Expectations’. Their experiences were lack of encouragement and trust and professional development. Feelings of insecurity, different opinions on the care delivered, being disregarded and betrayed followed as did thoughts of leaving work and pursing other opportunities.Conclusion. The main findings indicated that organizational work pressure with information about pending financial cutbacks caused the caregivers to leave the nursing homes.Relevance to clinical practice. The study's results show the value of meeting the needs of caregivers, as caregivers consider that they meet the needs of the older people. Optimal use of caregivers' skills, experiences, competence and respect for their aspirations is also likely to result in cost‐efficient care.
Shielding or caging? Healthcare staffs’ views on fall risk and protection in Stockholm
Authors: Fonad Edit , Burnard Philip , Emami Azita 
Published: February 2008

Aim.  To describe Registered Nurses’ and enrolled nurses’ views and reasoning on falls, fall risk, use of physical restraints and patients’ safety and security in nursing homes.Background.  Nursing home patients frequently suffer from diseases which require medication. Both Registered Nurses and enrolled nurses must make decisions about how to protect patients from falls and fall‐related injuries. Physical restraints are frequently used. When patients are unable to understand or do not wish to limit their freedom of movement, staff must consider each decision carefully.Method.  A qualitative approach was used. Data were analysed using a thematic content analysis method.Findings.  Staff have sufficient knowledge about which pathologically related conditions lead to fall risk. An insufficient number of staff on duty jeopardizes patient safety. Wheelchairs with safety belts, and bed rails, are sometimes used. For Registered Nurses it was not an easy decision to use restraints. Enrolled nurses’ actions were based on standard procedure, to protect and supervise patients.Conclusion.  Staff often use restraints to protect their patients, even though this may mean compromising the patient’s integrity.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses, occupational therapists, physiotherapists and physicians should plan the care together. Restrictive measures should be adapted to each individual patient.
Prognostic irrelevance of HLA‐G in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: PEREZ‐CHACON G. , ROSADO S. , REBOLLEDA N. , LOSADA‐FERNANDEZ I. , VARGAS J. A. , MORADO M. , JORDA J. , PEREZ‐ACIEGO P. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryIn the last few years, it has been suggested that the involvement of human leukocyte antigen‐G (HLA‐G) in several tumoral processes and its likely participation as a factor of immune tolerance in malignant cells. Recently, positive HLA‐G surface expression has been associated with a poor prognosis in a small group of patients with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL), a lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by a heterogeneous clinical course. In the present work, 169 patients suffering from B‐CLL were analyzed for the expression of HLA‐G by flow cytometry in order to verify its prognostic value in a larger cohort. We observed a low expression of this molecule on leukemic B cells and no significant relation to clinical data or progression‐free survival time, indicating that this molecule is not as good immunologic prognostic marker for B‐CLL as suggested.
Using Conversation Analysis in Feminist and Critical Research
Authors: Wilkinson Sue , Kitzinger Celia 
Published: February 2008

AbstractConversation analysis – the study of talk‐in‐interaction – is proving a valuable tool for politically engaged inquiry and social critique. This article illustrates the use of conversation analysis in feminist and critical research, drawing on a range of empirical studies. After introducing conversation analysis – its theoretical assumptions, methodological practices and empirical findings – it highlights projects based on two key conversation analytic domains: turn‐taking and turn design, and sequence organization and preference structure. The final section examines the key contributions of conversation analysis to feminist and critical work in the areas of categories and gender; lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender issues; women's labour; and the politics, ethics and design of the research process.
Stiffness Characteristics of Carton Folds for
Packaging
Authors: Dai Jian S. , Cannella Ferdinando 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Recent studies for packaging using cartons have modeled carton folds as equivalent mechanisms by considering creases as revolute joints and panels as links. This raises the interest in the study of stiffness characteristics of creases, which have a variable stiffness in contrast to a constant stiffness of a revolute joint and subsequently that of a whole carton fold. This paper investigates the stiffness characteristics of creases and reveals for the first time the folding motion and moment diagram in carton manipulation. Three characteristic stages were provided to characterize the crease stiffness, which has a variable value during carton manipulation. The paper further investigates the integrated stiffness of a combination joint and develops the integrated stiffness of a complete carton fold. The study is then extended to the integrated stiffness of a type of carton folds.
CRÈME: AN AUTOMATIC INVARIANT PROVER OF BEHAVIORAL SPECIFICATIONS
Authors: NAKANO MASAHIRO , OGATA KAZUHIRO , NAKAMURA MASAKI , FUTATSUGI KOKICHI 
Published: February 2008

We describe a method of automating invariant verification of behavioral specifications, which are algebraic specifications of abstract machines. The proposed method is based on fixed-point computation, which is one of the standard techniques for automatic (invariant) verification. The proposed method has some notable features. Among them are as follow: (1) the method finds and uses as lemmas state predicates whose invariant proofs may (even mutually) depend on other state predicates whose invariant proofs may not be completed, and (2) the method finds a counterexample showing that an abstract machine does not satisfy an invariant property if any, which does not need to make the (reachable) state space of the abstract machine finite. Crème is a tool based on the proposed method. We also report on two case studies in which (1) Crème proves fully automatically that the NSLPK authentication protocol satisfies the secrecy property and (2) Crème finds a counterexample showing that the NSPK authentication protocol does not satisfy the secrecy property.
SECURITY OF QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION
Authors: RENNER RENATO 
Published: February 2008

Quantum Information Theory is an area of physics which studies both fundamental and applied issues in quantum mechanics from an information-theoretical viewpoint. The underlying techniques are, however, often restricted to the analysis of systems which satisfy a certain independence condition. For example, it is assumed that an experiment can be repeated independently many times or that a large physical system consists of many virtually independent parts. Unfortunately, such assumptions are not always justified. This is particularly the case for practical applications — e.g. in quantum cryptography — where parts of a system might have an arbitrary and unknown behavior. We propose an approach which allows us to study general physical systems for which the above mentioned independence condition does not necessarily hold. It is based on an extension of various information-theoretical notions. For example, we introduce new uncertainty measures, called smooth min- and max-entropy, which are generalizations of the von Neumann entropy. Furthermore, we develop a quantum version of de Finetti's representation theorem, as described below. Consider a physical system consisting of n parts. These might, for instance, be the outcomes of n runs of a physical experiment. Moreover, we assume that the joint state of this n-partite system can be extended to an (n + k)-partite state which is symmetric under permutations of its parts (for some k ≫ 1). The de Finetti representation theorem then says that the original n-partite state is, in a certain sense, close to a mixture of product states. Independence thus follows (approximatively) from a symmetry condition. This symmetry condition can easily be met in many natural situations. For example, it holds for the joint state of n parts, which are chosen at random from an arbitrary (n + k)-partite system. As an application of these techniques, we prove the security of quantum key distribution (QKD), i.e. secret key agreement by communication over a quantum channel. In particular, we show that, in order to analyze QKD protocols, it is generally sufficient to consider so-called collective attacks, where the adversary is restricted to applying the same operation to each particle sent over the quantum channel separately. The proof is generic and thus applies to known protocols such as BB84 and B92 (where better bounds on the secret-key rate and on the the maximum tolerated noise level of the quantum channel are obtained) as well as to continuous variable schemes (where no full security proof has been known). Furthermore, the security holds with respect to a strong so-called universally composable definition. This implies that the keys generated by a QKD protocol can safely be used in any application, e.g. for one-time pad encryption — which, remarkably, is not the case for most standard definitions.
Life, Movement, and Desire
Authors: Barbaras Renaud 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn French, the verb "to live" designates both being alive and the experience of something. This ambiguity has a philosophical meaning. The task of a phenomenology of life is to describe an originary sense of living from which the very distinction between life in the intransitive sense and life in the transitive, or intentional, sense proceeds. Hans Jonas is one of those rare authors who has tried to give an account of the specificity of life instead of reducing life to categories that are foreign to it. However, the concept of metabolism, by which Jonas characterizes vital activity, attests to a presupposition as to life: life is conceived as self-preservation, that is, as negation of death, in such a way that life is, in the end, not thought on the basis of itself. The aim of this article is to show that life as such must be understood as movement in a radicalized sense, in which the living being is no more the subject than the product. All living beings are in effect characterized by a movement, which nothing can cause to cease, a movement that largely exceeds what is required by the satisfaction of needs and that, because of this, bears witness to an essential incompleteness. This incompleteness reveals that life is originarily bound to a world. Because the world to which the living being relates is essentially non-totalizable and unpresentable, living movement can not essentially complete itself. Thus, in the final analysis, life must be defined as desire, and in virtue of this view, life does not tend toward self-preservation, as we have almost always thought, but toward the manifestation of the world.
'Art' in Nancy's 'First Philosophy': The Artwork and the Praxis of Sense Making
Authors: Ross Alison 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFor the purposes of analytical clarity it is possible to distinguish two ways in which Nancy's ontology of sense appeals to art. First, he uses 'art' as a metaphorical operator to give features to his ontology (such as surprise and wonder); second, the practice of the contemporary arts instruct the terms of his ontological project because, in his view, this practice catches up with the fragmentation of existence and thus informs ontology about the structure of existence today. These two different roles—in which 'art' is both a general category able to stage the features of sense in general and a particularly striking example of the alteration sense undergoes in our times—make available for Nancy different perspectives on the question of sense. On the one hand, the general category of 'art' allows Nancy to construct a characterology of sense around terms such as surprise and novelty; on the other, the appeal to the fractal practice of the 'contemporary arts' supports the project of giving an account of sense.This paper analyses the effects on Nancy's conception of sense of these different appeals to 'art' and the practice of 'the contemporary arts.' Are the locales from which these different perspectives on sense take shape compatible? In what ways do they inflect each other or, alternatively, undermine the perspectives of the other on the question of sense? Finally, what do these two strands tell us about what Nancy expects of 'art' and what would happen to his ontology of sense without the different appeals he makes to it?
"A Past Which Has Never Been Present": Bergsonian Dimensions in Merleau-Ponty's Theory of the Prepersonal
Authors: Al-Saji Alia 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMerleau-Ponty's reference to "a past which has never been present" at the end of "Le sentir" challenges the typical framework of the Phenomenology of Perception, with its primacy of perception and bodily field of presence. In light of this "original past," I propose a re-reading of the prepersonal as ground of perception that precedes the dichotomies of subject-object and activity-passivity. Merleau-Ponty searches in the Phenomenology for language to describe this ground, borrowing from multiple registers (notably Bergson, but also Husserl). This "sensory life" is a coexistence of sensing and sensible—bodily and worldly—rhythms. Perception is, then, not a natural given, but a temporal process of synchronization between rhythms. By drawing on Bergson, this can be described as a process in which virtual life is actualized into perceiving subject and object perceived. Significantly, this process involves non-coincidence or delay whereby sensory life is always already past for perception.
The Question of the Living Body in Heidegger's Analytic of Dasein
Authors: Ciocan Cristian 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyze the significance of the absence of the problem of living body in Heidegger's analytic of Dasein. In order to evaluate the occurrences of the problem of the body in Being and Time, I also refer to the context of some of Heidegger's later work where there is to be found a sketch of an ontological investigation of the living body. I analyze then in detail the scarce occurrences of body in the fundamental ontology, showing finally that the lack of a proper phenomenological examination of living body generates a series of conceptual difficulties for the problem of Dasein's death, precisely when the issue of dead body is at stake.
The Self as Resolution: Heidegger, Derrida and the Intimacy of the Question of the Meaning of Being
Authors: Russon John 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBecause Dasein, as conceived by Heidegger, is inherently temporal, the "who" of Dasein can never be defined simply in terms of a (self-)present identity but must have the character of what Derrida calls "différance." Dasein 's authenticity, then, must be an embracing of this, its character as différance. This means that the "self" is "neither a substance nor a subject" but a resolution. The anticipatory resoluteness of authenticity, however, is a unique kind of resolve: it is the resolve to be open to transformation. For that reason, Dasein's proper self-appropriation—authenticity—is found precisely in its inherent inappropriability. Because Dasein is always being-in-the-world, the openness of its own "who" is equally an openness of being's "what." Dasein 's authenticity is nothing other than the enactment of the question of the meaning of being.
Science, Scholarship and the Domestication of Religion: On Dennett's Breaking the Spell
Authors: Wiebe Donald 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn Breaking the Spell Dennett sets out to defend society from religion and to promote a scientific study of religion as one natural phenomenon among many. He maintains that undermining the taboo against submitting religion to scientific scrutiny is essential to breaking the spell of religion itself and eliminating its essentially toxic effects on society. Although of value for the support the book provides for establishing a genuinely scientific study of religion, it is disappointing in its crude (and therefore essentially ineffective) polemic against religion and its ill considered and inconsistent policy statements regarding religion's place in society.
Dangerous Ideas: the Spell of Breaking the Spell
Authors: Albinus Lars 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBy investigating the philosophical premises behind Daniel Dennett's latest book, Breaking the Spell, this article sets out to present and critically discuss the range of validity which the theory of natural selection can consistently claim for itself. Deduced from a materialist notion of reality, which brings nature and culture on a common agenda, the explanation of religious ideas as products of meme-transmission exposes itself to the charge of reductionism and have thus provoked hostile responses from religious people as well as scepticism from some quarters of humanities. Far from arguing that Dennett should have exempted the sensitive field of religious belief from the intrusion of scientific investigation, this article criticizes the notions of religion as well as science, from which these investigations are set ashore, and remains uncompromising on the possibility of taking a moral stand on the premises of a theory of natural selection. Instead the article advocates for a more modest version of the theory that leaves room for other approaches with regard to self-understanding on a level of intersubjectivity.
Daniel Dennett's Breaking the Spell: An Unapologetic Apology
Authors: Martin Luther 
Published: February 2008

AbstractProposals for a scientific study of religion have never been realised because, Daniel Dennett argues in Breaking the Spell, religion is surrounded by a spell that protects it from the critical inquiry characteristic of other academic fields of study. Dennett suggests two reasons for proposing such a study anew at this time. The first is political, namely, major policy decisions are currently being made on the basis of perceptions about religion; the second is theoretical, namely the establishment of an evolutionary psychology and of a cognitive science of religion which can provide the basis for such a study. Surprisingly, a number of those scholars in the field who are well-known for advocating precisely such a scientific study of religion have reacted negatively to Dennett's proposal. Do their very reactions confirm his thesis that an enchanting spell surrounding religion remains unbroken?