bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase II study of oxaliplatin in children with recurrent or refractory medulloblastoma, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors
Authors: Fouladi Maryam , Blaney Susan M. , Poussaint Tina Young , Freeman Burgess B. , McLendon Roger , Fuller Christine , Adesina Adekunle M. , Hancock Michael L. , Danks Mary K. , Stewart Clinton , Boyett James M. , Gajjar Amar 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.An open‐label Phase II study of oxaliplatin was conducted to evaluate its safety and efficacy in children with recurrent or refractory medulloblastoma (MB), supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (SPNET), and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT).METHODS.Patients were stratified as follows: stratum IA, first recurrence MB with measurable disease; IB, recurrent MB with only cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) positivity or linear leptomeningeal disease (LLD); IC, MB ≥second recurrence; stratum II, recurrent SPNET; stratum III, recurrent ATRT. Patients received oxaliplatin, 130 mg/m2 intravenously over 2 hours every 3 weeks. The primary objective was to estimate the sustained response rate in stratum 1A. Plasma ultrafiltrate platinum pharmacokinetics were evaluated.RESULTS.A total of 43 patients with a median age of 8.5 years (range, 0.6–18.9 years) were enrolled. In stratum 1A, 2 of 15 had partial responses (PRs, 1 sustained PR). No responses were observed in other strata. The most frequent Grade 3 and 4 toxicities included thrombocytopenia (25.6%), neutropenia (16.3%), leukopenia (12%), increase in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) (7%), vomiting (4.7%), and sensory neuropathy (4.7%). No severe ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity was reported. Plasma ultrafiltrate platinum pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to adults, with a median clearance of 12.2 L/hr (range, 4.4–30 L/hr) and median area under the curve (AUC0‐∞) of 9.4 μg/mL/hr (range, 6.2–13.9 μg/mL/hr).CONCLUSIONS.Oxaliplatin was well tolerated in children but has limited activity in children with recurrent CNS embryonal tumors previously treated with platinum compounds. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Coupling of acetonitrile deproteinization and salting‐out extraction with acetonitrile stacking for biological sample clean‐up and the enrichment of hydrophobic compounds (porphyrins) in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Li Qi , Huie Carmen W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new sample pretreatment approach in CE was developed for concurrent biological sample clean‐up and the concentration of hydrophobic compounds based on the combination of ACN deproteinization with salting‐out extraction. Further enhancement in concentration detection sensitivity was achieved by coupling (offline) salting‐out extraction with an online CE sample enrichment technique known as “ACN stacking”. By optimizing the pH of salting‐out extraction, a number of model compounds (hydrophobic porphyrins with clinical significances), i.e. zinc‐protoporphyrin, protoporphyrin, and coproporphyrin (CP) III and I, can be efficiently extracted from the aqueous sample into a smaller volume organic solvent (ACN) phase and an enrichment factor of ca. 100 can be obtained. The pressure injection of the enriched ACN phase (containing ca.1% NaCl) into the CE capillary at 10% capillary volume resulted in additional concentration of the various hydrophobic porphyrins, allowing for a combined enrichment factor of ca.1000 to be obtained. Calibration curves obtained for the determination of a pair of positional isomers with significant diagnostic value, urinary CPIII and CPI, were found to be linear between 10–300 ng/mL (with R2 = 0.999), and LODs (absorbance detection at 400 nm) were ca. 0.8 ng/mL (1.1 nmol/L of CPIII or CPI). Based on a single salting‐out extraction, intraday precisions (nine consecutive injections) for both CPIII and CPI (at spiked concentrations of 10–300 ng/mL into urine) in terms of migration time and peak area were found to be within the range of 0.2–0.5 and 0.8–2.9%, respectively.
Functional outcomes and donor site morbidity following circumferential pharyngoesophageal reconstruction using an anterolateral thigh flap and salivary bypass tube
Authors: J. Murray Dylan , Gilbert Ralph W. , J. J. Vesely Martin , Novak Christine B. , Zaitlin‐Gencher Sheryl , Clark Jonathan R. , Gullane Patrick J. , Neligan Peter C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackground.This study reports our experience with fasciocutaneous reconstruction of circumferential pharyngoesophageal defects using an anterolateral thigh flap wrapped around a salivary bypass tube.Methods.The charts of 14 patients were reviewed. All patients who had reconstruction of a pharyngoesophageal defect using an anterolateral thigh flap with a salivary bypass tube between 2001 and 2005 were included.Results.There were 10 men and 4 women (mean age, 61 years). There were no fistulae reported, and the stricture rate was 14%. Eleven patients achieved oral diet sufficient to have the gastrostomy or jejunal tube removed. The patients who had tracheoesophageal puncture for voice developed functional speech. There were no flap losses. However, problems with salivary tube migration in the early cases have led to technique refinement.Conclusions.The low complication rates and the excellent functional outcomes make the anterolateral thigh flap in combination with a salivary bypass tube a viable option for reconstruction of these difficult defects. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Transoral resection of thyroid cancer metastasis to lateral retropharyngeal nodes
Authors: Shellenberger Thomas , Fornage Bruno , Ginsberg Lawrence , Clayman Gary L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackground.Lymph node metastasis from differentiated thyroid carcinoma may occur outside of the basins at greatest risk of spread, such as the lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes. The extensive surgery of traditional approaches to the retropharyngeal space are rarely justified in the treatment of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. Therefore, a less invasive surgical approach is advantageous in resection of metastatic lateral retropharyngeal nodes.Methods.To assess feasibility and safety, we report transoral excision guided by preoperative ultrasonography in a series of 3 consecutive patients with differentiated thyroid cancer metastatic to the retropharyngeal space.Results.In all cases, the metastatic lateral retropharyngeal lymph node was successfully removed by transoral retropharyngotomy without complications.Conclusions.We advocate a transoral approach guided by preoperative ultrasonography for resection of differentiated thyroid cancer metastatic to the retropharyngeal lymph nodes. The approach is feasible, minimally invasive, and safe in achieving the goals in management of regionally metastatic disease. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Hydroxyapatite formed on/in agarose gel induces activation of blood coagulation and platelets aggregation
Authors: Arimura Shin‐ichiro , Kawahara Ko‐ichi , Biswas Kamal Krishna , Abeyama Kazuhiro , Tabata Masashi , Shimoda Toru , Ogomi Daisuke , Matsusaki Michiya , Kato Shinya , Ito Takashi , Sugihara Kazumasa , Akashi Mitsuru , Hashiguchi Teruto , Maruyama Ikuro 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe reported earlier that hydroxyapatite (HA) formed on/in agarose gels (HA/agarose) produced by alternate soaking process is a bone‐filling material possessing osteoconductive and hemostatic effects. This process could allow us to make bone‐like apatite that was formed on/in organic polymer hydrogel matrices. Here, we investigated the mechanism of hemostasis induced by HA/agarose and found that HA/agarose, but not agarose or HA powder, significantly shortened activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). While HA/agarose did not show significant platelet aggregation, it markedly enhanced adenosine diphosphate (ADP)‐induced platelet aggregation. Moreover, Western blot analysis revealed selective adsorption of vitronectin onto HA/agarose. We also observed marked differences between HA powder and HA/agarose in their XRD patterns. The crystallinity of HA powder was much higher compared to that of HA/agarose. Furthermore, 50–100 nm of tube‐form aggregations was observed in HA powder on the other hand 100–200 nm of particles was observed in HA/agarose by SEM observation. Thus 100–200 nm of low crystallized particles on the surface structure of HA/agarose may play an important role in hemostasis. Our results demonstrated a crucial role of HA/agarose in the mechanism of hemostasis and suggested a potential role for HA/agarose as a bone‐grafting material. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Hydration and carbonation of monoclinic C2S and C3S studied by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ibáñez Jordi , Artús Lluís , Cuscó Ramon , López Ángel , Menéndez Esperanza , Andrade María C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe present a micro‐Raman study on the hydration and carbonation of the main silicate phases of Portland cement, i.e. monoclinic dicalcium silicate (C2S) and monoclinic tricalcium silicate (C3S). We investigate the reaction products and the loss of crystallinity induced by hydration on these two compounds. In the CO2‐contaminated pastes we find that calcite, aragonite, and vaterite are inhomogeneously formed. We study sample cross sections to evaluate the maximum depth at which CaCO3 is formed. We find that carbonation is limited to the first 500–1000 µm from the surface in the C3S pastes, while in C2S pastes CaCO3 is formed well beyond this depth. Our results show the great potential of Raman spectroscopy in the study of the chemistry of cements. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of lanthanum substitution on the Raman spectra of barium titanate thin films
Authors: Dobal P. S. , Dixit A. , Katiyar R. S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThin films of Ba1−xLaxTiO3 on platinum substrates were synthesized using the sol–gel method for x values of 0.0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.10, and the effect of trivalent La3+ substitution on the structural and dielectric properties was studied. Using X‐ray diffraction, structural analysis of these compositions revealed a slight increase in the tetragonal distortion of the unit cell with increase in La content. Accordingly, an increase in the tetragonal to cubic transition temperature TT/C was detected by temperature‐dependent Raman spectroscopy in the range of 70–500 K. Unlike the results from Raman scattering for the La‐doped BaTiO3 films, the dielectric measurements showed broad and diffused dielectric maxima, making the estimation of the transition temperature merely qualitative. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated processing of fresh Indian sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) berries and chemical evaluation of products
Authors: Arimboor Ranjith , Venugopalan VV , Sarinkumar K , Arumughan C , Sawhney Ramesh Chand 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn efficient pilot‐scale process was developed to produce nutraceutical products from fresh sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) berries. Fresh berries were subjected to high‐pressure dewatering using a continuous screw press. The separated liquid phase containing 80–90% of pulp oil was clarified at 80 °C and centrifuged to obtain pulp oil, clear juice and sludge. The pulp oil yield was 2.7–2.8% of fresh berry weight with 66–70% extraction efficiency. The pulp oil was remarkably rich in carotenoids (2450–2810 mg kg−1), tocopherols (1409–1599 mg kg−1) and sterols (4096–4403 mg kg−1), with a characteristic fresh berry flavour and 16:1 as the major fatty acid (45.6–49.1%). The clear juice obtained was free from oil and contained high amounts of vitamin C (1683–1840 mg kg−1) and phytochemicals such as polyphenols (2392–2821 mg kg−1) and flavonoids (340–401 mg kg−1). Isorhamnetin (251–310 mg kg−1) was the major flavonoid in the juice, along with quercetin (77–81 mg kg−1) and kaempherol (12–16 mg kg−1). The juice was very acidic (pH 3), with high concentrations of organic acids (30.8–36.0 g kg−1). High‐performance liquid chromatography profiling of organic acids revealed quinic acid (18.1–19.9 g kg−1) as the major acid in the juice. The seeds in the pressed cake were separated and extracted for oil using supercritical CO2. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioequivalence of β‐carotene and retinol
Authors: Thurnham David I 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFor many years it was accepted that 6 mg of β‐carotene were required to produce 1 mg of vitamin A in the form of retinol. The equivalence was based on the assumptions that two‐thirds of dietary β‐carotene are not absorbed, while in the metabolism of the remaining third 1 mol of β‐carotene is converted to 1 mol retinol. Recently, the bioequivalence was raised to 12 mg β‐carotene and 1 mg retinol. The objective of this review was to re‐examine the data that were used to support the new equivalence ratio, especially since some of these data were obtained in developing countries where infestation with gut parasites and exposure to other infections is common, yet the influence of inflammation on plasma carotenoid and retinol concentrations is frequently ignored. Bioequivalence studies examined in this review include those done in developing and developed countries, depletion and repletion studies, feeding with vegetable sources of β‐carotene or pure supplements, influence of helminths, carotenoid interactions and matrix effects and studies using stable isotopes (SI). SI studies show the bioefficacy of β‐carotene conversion to retinol is generally poor even for pure β‐carotene unless the dose is small and fed regularly until equilibration is reached. Retinol formation appears to be inversely influenced by previous vitamin A intake, the amount of material given and current vitamin A status. In spite of technical complexities, more SI studies where liver reserves of vitamin A are determined pre and post intervention are needed to evaluate β‐carotene bioefficacy of different vegetable sources. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of immersion and turgor pressure change on mechanical properties of pumpkin (Cucumis moschata, Duch.)
Authors: de Escalada Pla Marina , Delbon Marisa , Rojas Ana M , Gerschenson Lia N 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMesocarp raw tissue of a pumpkin (Cucumis moschata, Duch.) popularly known in Argentina as ‘calabacita criolla’ was rheologically characterized by large and small deformations after a stepwise adjustment of its turgor pressure to determine the relative contributions of turgor pressure, cell wall (CW) and middle lamella (ML) to the mechanical behavior. Examinations using light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed in order to explain the textural behavior observed. In general, firmness at failure, residual relaxation force and dynamic moduli increased with turgor pressure. For all the hypotonic solutions (polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) concentrations lower than 250 mol m−3) a gain of tissue weight was observed, a trend that indicated a null occurrence of cell bursting as confirmed by observations using LM and TEM of undamaged cell membranes with swelled cytoplasms. However, no significative change in relative volume was detected for tissue equilibrated in PEG with concentrations of 0–130 mol m−3, probably due to the resistance of CW to further elongation. Peaks of failure were observed during compression for tissue equilibrated under all osmotic conditions and their presence was associated with CW integrity. Plasmolysed tissue did not show a residual force at infinite time of relaxation. Incipient plasmolysis was better detected by rheological studies than by volume change and it was confirmed by LM. Significant correlations were obtained between residual relaxation force and either storage moduli or phase shift angle, revealing that relaxation out of the linear viscoelasticity range and dynamic assays provide analogous information concerning tissue behavior. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Dietary flavonoids: effects on endothelial function and blood pressure
Authors: Hodgson Jonathan M , Croft Kevin D 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeveral population studies have found an inverse association between flavonoid intake and risk of cardiovascular disease. These studies have resulted in the hypothesis that dietary flavonoids protect against cardiovascular disease. Manyin vitrostudies, studies using animal models and human intervention trials have been carried out to investigate how flavonoids might provide protection. Emerging and largely consistent evidence suggests that flavonoids can improve endothelial function and may reduce blood pressure.In vitrostudies show that a variety of flavonoids cause vasorelaxation of isolated arteries from rats. In human intervention trials, flavonoids derived from tea and cocoa or dark chocolate—both rich sources of catechins—have been found to improve endothelial function acutely and with regular ingestion. The evidence for benefits of flavonoids from other dietary sources is less clear. Improvements in endothelial function could contribute to lower blood pressure. Population studies have associated higher intake of tea and chocolate with lower blood pressure. Short‐term intervention studies in humans have shown blood pressure lowering with cocoa or dark chocolate, but short‐term regular ingestion of tea has not been found to lower blood pressure. The long‐term effects of regular ingestion of a flavonoid‐enriched diet on endothelial function and blood pressure have yet to be assessed. In addition, there is evidence that flavonoid metabolism is an important factor influencing the biological activity and effects of dietary flavonoids, but further studies are needed to investigate this area. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Number of non‐Fregean sentential logics that have adequate models
Authors: Golińska‐Pilarek Joanna 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe show that there are continuum many different non‐Fregean sentential logics that have adequate models. The proof is based on the construction of a special class of models of the power of the continuum. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cationic liposomes as non‐viral carriers of gene medicines: Resolved issues, open questions, and future promises
Authors: Karmali Priya Prakash , Chaudhuri Arabinda 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe clinical success of gene therapy is critically dependent on the development of efficient and safe gene delivery reagents, popularly known as “transfection vectors.” The transfection vectors commonly used in gene therapy are mainly of two types: viral and non‐viral. The efficiencies of viral transfection vectors are, in general, superior to their non‐viral counterparts. However, the myriads of potentially adverse immunogenic aftermaths associated with the use of viral vectors are increasingly making the non‐viral gene delivery reagents as the vectors of choice. Among the existing arsenal of non‐viral gene delivery reagents, the distinct advantages associated with the use of cationic transfection lipids include their: (a) robust manufacture; (b) ease in handling and preparation techniques; (c) ability to inject large lipid:DNA complexes; and (d) low immunogenic response. The present review highlights the major achievements in the area of designing efficacious cationic transfection lipids, some of the more recent advances in the field of cationic liposomes‐mediated gene transfer and targeted gene delivery, some unresolved issues and challenges in liposomal gene delivery, and future promises of cationic liposomes as gene‐carriers in non‐viral gene therapy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 27, No. 5, 696–722, 2007
Crystal structures of vegetative soybean lipoxygenase VLX‐B and VLX‐D, and comparisons with seed isoforms LOX‐1 and LOX‐3
Authors: Youn Buhyun , Sellhorn George E. , Mirchel Ryan J. , Gaffney Betty J. , Grimes Howard D. , Kang ChulHee 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe lipoxygenase family of lipid‐peroxidizing, nonheme iron dioxygenases form products that are precursors for diverse physiological processes in both plants and animals. In soybean (Glycine max), five vegetative isoforms, VLX‐A, VLX‐B, VLX‐C, VLX‐D, VLX‐E, and four seed isoforms LOX‐1, LOX‐2, LOX‐3a, LOX‐3b have been identified. In this study, we determined the crystal structures of the substrate‐free forms of two major vegetative isoforms, with distinct enzymatic characteristics, VLX‐B and VLX‐D. Their structures are similar to the two seed isoforms, LOX‐1 and LOX‐3, having two domains with similar secondary structural elements: a β‐barrel N‐terminal domain containing highly flexible loops and an α‐helix‐rich C‐terminal catalytic domain. Detailed comparison of the structures of these two vegetative isoforms with the structures of LOX‐1 and LOX‐3 reveals important differences that help explain distinct aspects of the activity and positional specificity of these enzymes. In particular, the shape of the three branches of the internal subcavity, corresponding to substrate‐binding and O2 access, differs among the isoforms in a manner that reflects the differences in positional specificities. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new cell‐permeable calpain inhibitor
Authors: Fiorino Ferdinando , Gil‐Parrado Shirley , Assfalg‐Machleidt Irmgard , Machleidt Werner , Moroder Luis 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe ubiquitous calpains, µ‐ and m‐calpain, are implicated in a variety of vital (patho)physiological processes and therefore cell‐permeable specific inhibitors represent important tools for defining the role of calpains in cells and animal models. A synthetic N‐acetylated 27‐mer peptide derived from exon B of the human calpastatin inhibitory domain 1 is known to be the most potent and selective reversible inhibitor of calpains. To improve the membrane permeability of this peptidic inhibitor, it was N‐terminally extended with or disulfide‐linked to the C‐terminal 7‐mer fragment of penetratin, a well‐established vector for cell membrane translocation of bioactive compounds. Despite the shorter penetratin sequence, both constructs showed increased cell permeability and retained their full calpain inhibitory potency. Copyright © 2006 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the PL, TSL and OSL properties of SrS:Ce,Sm phosphor
Authors: Lapraz Dominique , Prévost Hildegarde , Idri Katia , Angellier Gaëlle , Dusseau Laurent 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe photoluminescence (PL), thermostimulated luminescence (TSL) and optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) properties of a cerium and samarium codoped strontium sulfide (SrS:Ce,Sm) used in OSL imaging devices are studied after UV or X‐ray irradiation. A correlation is made between TSL and OSL results, showing a strong thermal and optical fading at room temperature, implying a significant instability of the OSL signal. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of samarium doping on electrodeposited CeO2 thin film
Authors: Phok Sovannary , Bhattacharya Raghu N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSamarium‐doped cerium oxide (CeO2:Sm) and undoped cerium oxide (CeO2) thin films were fabricated by electrodeposition on biaxially textured Ni–3% W substrates. The electrodeposited layers were annealed for several hours at temperatures ranging from 910 to 980 °C. The resulting crystalline films were investigated by XRD and SEM. The CeO2 crystallite size was correlated to the formation of microcrack in CeO2 and CeO2:Sm using the Scherrer equation of XRD analysis. Crack‐free films with an average grain size of about 28 nm were obtained for both Ce0.92Sm0.08O2–δ and Ce0.8Sm0.2O2–δ films. Sm doping strongly affects the crystallite size, crystal structure, texture, and crack formation in ceria films. The lattice parameter a increases and crystallite size is reduced with increased Sm doping. All electrodeposited films are highly biaxially textured. When compared to Ni‐based substrates, improvements in the out‐of‐plane and in‐plane texture in ceria‐ and Sm‐doped ceria films were achieved. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)