bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Some New Substituted Triazolo[4,3‐a][1,4]benzodiazepine Derivatives as Potent Anticonvulsants.
Authors: Narayana B. , Raj K. K. Vijaya , Ashalatha B. V. , Kumari N. Suchetha 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of 1,5‐Benzodiazepine Derivatives by Ytterbium Trichloride‐Catalyzed Condensation of o‐Phenylenediamine and Ketones.
Authors: Wu Jianting , Xu Fan , Zhou Zhuqing , Shen Qi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyano‐Phosphorylation of Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Nucleophilic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene.
Authors: Fukuda Yoshimasa , Maeda Yuka , Kondo Kazuhiro , Aoyama Toyohiko 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Inhibition of Trypsin and Urokinase by Cbz‐Amino(4‐guanidinophenyl)methanephosphonate Aromatic Ester Derivatives: The Influence of the Ester Group on Their Biological Activity.
Authors: Sienczyk Marcin , Oleksyszyn Jozef 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Orally Active Thrombin Inhibitors. Part 2. Optimization of the P2‐Moiety.
Authors: Lange Udo E. W. , Baucke Dorit , Hornberger Wilfried , Mack Helmut , Seitz Werner , Hoeffken H. Wolfgang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ketopiperazines: Conformationally Constrained Peptidomimetic of Arginine Amides.
Authors: Chen Zecheng , Kende Andrew S. , Colson Anny‐Odile , Mendezandino Jose L. , Ebetino Frank H. , Bush Rod D. , Hu X. Eric 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of (‐)‐Epibatidine and Its Derivatives from Chiral Allene‐1,3‐dicarboxylate Esters.
Authors: Kimura Hiroyuki , Fujiwara Toshio , Katoh Takahiro , Nishide Kiyoharu , Kajimoto Tetsuya , Node Manabu 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Daphtenidines A—D, New Daphniphyllum Alkaloids from Daphniphyllum teijsmannii.
Authors: Kubota Takaaki , Matsuno Yosuke , Morita Hiroshi , Shinzato Takakazu , Sekiguchi Mitsuhiro , Kobayashi Jun'ichi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of (2E)‐3‐{2‐[(Substituted benzyl)oxy]phenyl}acrylaldehydes as Novel Antiinflammatory Agents.
Authors: Huang Li‐Jiau , Wang Jih‐Pyang , Lai Yu‐Chi , Kuo Sheng‐Chu 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
From the Reactivity of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes to New Chemistry in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Canal John P. , Ramnial Taramatee Ramnial Taramatee , Dickie Diane A. , Clyburne Jason A. C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemistry of Ureido Carboxylic and Ureylene Dicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Kravchenko A. N. , Chikunov I. E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in the Solid‐Phase Combinatorial Synthetic Strategies for the Quinoxaline‐, Quinazoline‐ and Benzimidazole‐Based Privileged Structures
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Reddy K. Laxma , Devaiah V. , Shankaraiah N. , Rao M. V. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Computational Investigation of Photochemical Reaction Mechanisms
Authors: Blancafort Lluis , Ogliaro Francois , Olivucci Massimo , Robb Michael A. , Bearpark Michael J. , Sinicropi Adalgisa 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Evaluation of Weak Intermolecular Interactions in Molecular Crystals via Experimental and Theoretical Charge Densities
Authors: Munshi Parthapratim , Row Tayur N. Guru 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tropfsteine im Zeitraffer. Geochemie und Betonkorrosion
Authors: Schmidkonz Bertram , Wittke Georg 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDie Bildung von Tropfsteinen über das Carbonat‐Hydrogencarbonat‐Gleichgewicht, wie sie in Höhlen stattfindet, lässt sich im Labor nicht befriedigend nachvollziehen. Um im Experiment Tropfsteine mit hinreichender Geschwindigkeit wachsen zu lassen, kann jedoch der bei der Betonkorrosion beobachtete Vorgang herangezogen werden. Durch Variation der Edukte lassen sich sogar besonders schnelle Modellsysteme finden, um das faszinierende Phänomen eines wachsenden Tropfsteins wirklichkeitsnah zu demonstrieren.
Femtochemie. Elementare Schritte chemischer Reaktionen
Authors: Materny Arnulf 
Published: August 2006

AbstractFemtochemie beschäftigt sich mit der Untersuchung und Beeinflussung der ultraschnellen elementaren Moleküldynamik, die jeder chemischen Reaktion zugrunde liegt. Prozesse, die schließlich zum Brechen chemischer Bindungen oder zur Änderung molekularer Strukturen führen, finden auf der Zeitskala von Femto‐ bis Pikosekunden statt. Nur Laserpulse können mit einer zeitlichen Länge von wenigen Femtosekunden erzeugt werden, kurz genug also, um die schnellen Prozesse aufzulösen. Verschiedene Techniken wurden entwickelt, die durch eine Kombination zeitlich gegeneinander verzögerter Laserpulse Zugang zu der Dynamik selbst in komplexen Molekülen erlauben. Der Einblick in die grundlegenden Vorgänge zu Beginn einer chemischen Reaktion ermöglicht ein besseres Verständnis der Reaktionsmechanismen und deren Beeinflussung durch die Umgebung. Die Wechselwirkung mit den Molekülen noch bevor der endgültige Reaktionspfad beschritten wird, eröffnet aber auch spannende neue Möglichkeiten der Kontrolle von chemischen Prozessen. Eine gezielte Beeinflussung der Moleküldynamik mit Hilfe angepasster Pulsformen erscheint auch für komplizierte Abläufe und Systeme realistisch. Die hierfür eingesetzten evolutionären Optimierungsverfahren, welche das experimentelle Ergebnis als Rückkopplungssignal verwerten, erlauben auch ohne Kenntnis der genauen Systemparameter eine selektive Steuerung des Reaktionsablaufs.
Dichte Schale, dünner Kern
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPartikel aus vernetzten Polymeren mit einer Kern‐Schale‐Struktur können andere Substanzen aufnehmen und sie kontrolliert wieder abgeben. Besonders thermosensitive Polymere mit maßgeschneiderten Eigenschaften lassen Anwendungen im Bereich der Verkapselung von Wirkstoffen erwarten.
MultiRace: efficient on‐the‐fly data race detection in multithreaded C++ programs
Authors: Pozniansky Eli , Schuster Assaf 
Published: August 2006

AbstractData race detection is highly essential for debugging multithreaded programs and assuring their correctness. Nevertheless, there is no single universal technique capable of handling the task efficiently, since the data race detection problem is computationally hard in the general case. Thus, all currently available tools, when applied to some general case program, usually result in excessive false alarms or in a large number of undetected races. Another major drawback of many currently available tools is that they are restricted, for performance reasons, to detection units of fixed size. Thus, they all suffer from the same problem—choosing a small unit might result in missing some of the data races, while choosing a large one might lead to false detection. We present a novel testing tool, called MultiRace, which combines improved versions of Djit and Lockset—two very powerful on‐the‐fly algorithms for dynamic detection of apparent data races. Both extended algorithms detect races in multithreaded programs that may execute on weak consistency systems, and may use two‐way as well as global synchronization primitives. By employing novel technologies, MultiRace adjusts its detection to the native granularity of objects and variables in the program under examination. In order to monitor all accesses to each of the shared locations, MultiRace instruments the C++ source code of the program. It lets the user fine‐tune the detection process, but otherwise is completely automatic and transparent. This paper describes the algorithms employed in MultiRace, gives highlights of its implementation issues, and suggests some optimizations. It shows that the overheads imposed by MultiRace are often much smaller (orders of magnitude) than those obtained by other existing tools. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Broken guidewire during subclavian venous catheterization
Authors: Lin Chih‐Yuan , Hsu Yu‐Juei , Hong Gou‐Jieng , Tsai Chien‐Sung , Lin Shih‐Hua 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe use of cuffed tunneled hemodialysis catheters has become commonplace these days, but such use may be associated with certain known risks and complications. We report a catheterization of a right subclavian central vein that became complicated by a break in and entrapment of the guidewire used for the procedure. The proximal portion of the broken guidewire remained in the inferior vena cava and the distal portion in the right atrium. An angled wire loop retriever was used to remove the guidewire through the right femoral vein.
Expression analysis and evolutionary conservation of the mouse germ cell–specific D6Mm5e gene
Authors: Arango Nelson A. , Huang Tiffany T. , Fujino Akihiro , Pieretti‐Vanmarcke Rafael , Donahoe Patricia K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDuring our search for genes required for gonadal development and function in the mouse, we identified D6Mm5e (DNA segment, Chr 6. Miriam Meisler 5, expressed), a gene with an expression pattern highly restricted to the embryonic ovary and the postnatal testis. Based on RT‐PCR, Northern blot, and in situ hybridization analyses, we show that D6Mm5e is expressed in the germ cells of the female embryo upon their initial entry into meiosis, and in male germ cells during the last stages of spermatogenesis. Two transcripts are detected in the gonads resulting from the alternative splicing of exon 8. This splicing event does not introduce a frame shift, and creates an mRNA product that uses the same stop codon as the longer transcript. Although D6Mm5e does not belong to any known protein family and does not contain any known protein signature motifs, the high level of evolutionary conservation and the cellular and temporal expression suggest that D6Mm5e may have a role in male and female gametogenesis. Here we report the gonad‐restricted mRNA expression profile of D6Mm5e in the mouse, and the evolutionary conservation of its amino acid sequence. Developmental Dynamics 235:2613–2619, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mammalian nuclear transfer
Authors: Meissner Alexander , Jaenisch Rudolf 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDuring development, the genetic content of each cell remains, with a few exceptions, identical to that of the zygote. Differentiated cells, therefore, retain all the genetic information necessary to generate an entire organism (nuclear totipotency). Nuclear transfer (NT) was initially developed to test experimentally this concept by cloning animals from differentiated cells. It has, since then, been used to study the role of genetic and epigenetic alterations during development and disease. In this review, we highlight some of the milestones in mammalian NT reached in the 50 years after the first nuclear transplantations in frogs. We also address problems associated with mammalian nuclear transfer and provide a survey on current NT and stem cell technology. In the long term, nuclear transfer or alternative strategies aim to generate customized pluripotent cells, which would be invaluable to medical research and therapy. Developmental Dynamics 235:2460–2469, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Birth and death of cells in limb development: A mapping study
Authors: Fernández‐Terán M.A. , Hinchliffe J.R. , Ros M.A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCell death and cell proliferation are basic cellular processes that need to be precisely controlled during embryonic development. The developing vertebrate limb illustrates particularly well how correct morphogenesis depends on the appropriate spatial and temporal balance between cell death and cell proliferation. Precise knowledge of the patterns of cell proliferation and cell death during limb development is required to understand how their modifications may contribute to the generation of the great diversity of limb phenotypes that result from spontaneous mutations or induced genetic manipulations. We have performed a comprehensive analysis of the patterns of cell death, assayed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridinetriphosphate nick end‐labeling (TUNEL), and cell proliferation, assayed by anti‐phosphorylated histone H3 immunohistochemistry, in consecutive sections of forelimbs and hindlimbs covering an extensive period of chick and mouse limb development. Our results confirm and expand previous reports and show common and specific areas of cell death for each species. Mitotic cells were found scattered in a uniform distribution across the early limb bud, with the exception of the areas of cell death in which mitotic cells were scarce. At later stages, mitotic cells were seen more abundantly in the digital tips. The aim of the present study was to satisfy the need for organized data sets describing these processes, which will allow the side‐by‐side comparison between the two major model organisms of limb development, i.e., the mouse and the chick. Developmental Dynamics 235:2521–2537, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Silica Supported Submicron SiO2@Y2SiO5:Eu3+ and SiO2@Y2SiO5:Ce3+/Tb3+ Spherical Particles with a Core–Shell Structure: Sol–Gel Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Lin Cuikun , Wang Huan , Kong Deyan , Yu Min , Liu Xiaoming , Wang Zhenling , Lin Jun 
Published: August 2006

AbstractX1‐Y2SiO5:Eu3+ and X1‐Y2SiO5:Ce3+ and/or Tb3+ phosphor layers have been coated on nonaggregated, monodisperse, submicron spherical SiO2 particles by a sol–gel process, followed by surface reaction at high temperature (1000 °C), to give core/shell structured SiO2@Y2SiO5:Eu3+ and SiO2@Y2SiO5:Ce3+/Tb3+ particles. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), TEM, photoluminescence (PL), low voltage cathodoluminescence (CL), and time‐resolved PL spectra and lifetimes are used to characterize these materials. The XRD results indicate that X1‐Y2SiO5 layers have been successfully coated on the surface of SiO2 particles, as further verified by the FESEM and TEM images. The PL and CL studies suggest that SiO2@Y2SiO5:Eu3+, SiO2@Y2SiO5:Tb3+ (or Ce3+/Tb3+), and SiO2@Y2SiO5:Ce3+ core/shell particles exhibit red (Eu3+, 613 nm: 5D0–7F2), green (Tb3+, 542 nm: 5D4–7F5), or blue (Ce3+, 450 nm: 5d‐4f) luminescence, respectively. PL excitation, emission, and time‐resolved spectra demonstrate that there is an energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ in the SiO2@Y2SiO5:Ce3+,Tb3+ core/shell particles. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Regioselective 5‐, 4‐, and 2‐Substitution of (S)‐6‐Chloronicotine and 4‐Substitution of (S)‐5‐Chloronicotine
Authors: Wagner Florence F. , Comins Daniel L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA variety of novel 2‐, 4‐, and 5‐substituted 6‐chloronicotine and 4‐substituted 5‐chloronicotine derivatives have been synthesized in a regioselective manner in moderate to high yield from (S)‐6‐chloronicotine and (S)‐5‐chloronicotine, respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Flame‐retardant finishing of cotton fleece fabric: part I. The use of a hydroxy‐functional organophosphorus oligomer and dimethyloldihydroxylethyleneurea
Authors: Yang Charles Q. , Qiu Xiaoqun 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCotton fleece has become a popular fashion in recent years. However, most of the 100% cotton fleece fabric is not able to meet the federal flammability standard (‘16 CFR Part 1610: Standard for the Flammability of Clothing Textiles’) without chemical treatment. In this research, we investigated the use of the combination of a hydroxy‐functional organophosphorus oligomer (HFPO) as the flame‐retarding agent and dimethyloldihydroxylethyleneurea (DMDHEU) as the binder to reduce the flammability of cotton fleece. We found that HFPO is effective in reducing the flammability of the cotton fleece whereas DMDHEU enhances the effectiveness of HFPO due to phosphorus–nitrogen synergism. The flammability as well as other properties of the treated cotton fleece is affected by both the concentration of HFPO and that of DMDHEU. The cotton fleece treated with HFPO/DMDHEU passes the federal flammability standard and shows high strength retention with little change in fabric whiteness and hand. We also found that the flame‐retardant finishing system is durable to multiple home launderings. The combination of HFPO and DMDHEU has the potential to become a practical flame‐retardant finishing system to reduce the flammability of cotton fleeces. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pittosporum undulatum Vent. grown in Portugal: secretory structures, seasonal variation and enantiomeric composition of its essential oil
Authors: Ferreira Nicolau J. , Meireles de Sousa Inês G. , Luís Tiago Cunha , Currais António José M. , Figueiredo Ana Cristina , Costa Monya M. , Lima A. Sofia B. , Santos Pedro A. G. , Barroso José G. , Pedro Luis G. , Scheffer Johannes J. C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAerial parts of Pittosporum undulatum were collected fortnightly for 1 year at the Parque de Saúde de Lisboa. Collective samples of two populations were investigated, i.e. from pruned and non‐pruned trees, and in addition samples from one pruned and one non‐pruned individual. An SEM study of the aerial parts showed the presence of non‐glandular T‐shaped trichomes, and capitate trichomes with an elongated stalk and two to four round‐shaped cells on the top. Numerous canals were seen at the level of the capsule wall as well as in the leaves and stems. Essential oil samples were isolated from the (deep‐frozen) aerial parts by hydrodistillation to estimate the oil yields, and by distillation–extraction to determine their percentage composition, and analysed by GC and GC–MS. Monoterpenes (59–97%) were dominant in all oils, sabinene (5–58%), limonene (2–37%) and terpinen‐4‐ol (4–27%) being the major components, although in different relative amounts during the year of collection. Benzyl benzoate (8%) and benzyl salicylate (10%) attained high relative amounts in the oils from fully developed flowers, whereas in the oils from the other plant parts their relative amounts did not exceed 1%. The enantiomeric ratio of sabinene, limonene and terpinen‐4‐ol was investigated in the leaf, flower and capsule oils, showing dominance of the (+)‐forms and homogeneity between all the oil samples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Altered promoter usage characterizes monoallelic transcription arising with ERBB2 amplification in human breast cancers
Authors: Benz Christopher C. , Fedele Vita , Xu Fan , Ylstra Bauke , Ginzinger David , Yu Mamie , Moore Dan , Hall Rayna Kneuper , Wolff Daynna J. , Disis Mary L. , Eppenberger‐Castori Serenella , Eppenberger Urs , Schittulli Francesco , Tommasi Stefania , Paradiso Angelo , Scott Gary K. , Albertson Donna G. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAnalysis of a collection of human breast cancers (n = 150), enriched in ERBB2‐positive cases (n = 57) and involving tumor genotyping relative to population‐matched blood genotyping (n = 749) for a common ERBB2 single nucleotide polymorphism Ala(G)1170Pro(C), revealed that ERBB2 amplification in breast cancer is invariably monoallelic. Analysis of paired breast cancer and blood samples from informative (G1170C heterozygotic) ERBB2‐positive (n = 12) and ERBB2‐negative (n = 17) cases not only confirmed monoallelic amplification and ERBB2 transcriptional overexpression but also revealed that most low ERBB2 expressing breast cancers (12/17) exhibit unbalanced allelic transcription, showing 3‐fold to nearly 5,000‐fold preferential expression from one of two inherited alleles. To explore cis‐acting transcriptional mechanisms potentially selected during ERBB2 amplification, levels of four different ERBB2 transcript variants (5.2, 4.7, 2.1, and 1.4 kb) were correlated with total (4.6 kb) ERBB2 mRNA levels in ERBB2‐positive (n = 14) versus ERBB2‐negative (n = 43) primary breast cancers. Relative expression of only the 2.1 kb extracellular domain‐encoding splice variant and a 4.7 kb mRNA variant that uses an alternative start site were significantly increased in association with ERBB2‐positivity, implicating altered promoter usage and selective transcript regulation within the ERBB2 amplicon. Altogether, these findings provide new mechanistic insights into the development of ERBB2‐positive breast cancer and strong rationale for delineating candidate cis‐acting regulatory elements that may link allele‐specific ERBB2 transcription in premalignant breast epithelia with subsequent development of breast cancers bearing monoallelic ERBB2 amplicons. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.