bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interstitial deletion of 13q associated with polymicrogyria
Authors: Kogan Jillene M. , Egelhoff John C. , Saal Howard M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractInterstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 13 is a rare condition characterized by multiple clinical findings. We report a male dizygotic twin with an interstitial deletion of 13q and failure to thrive, hypotonia, polymicrogyria, bilateral foci of retinoblastoma, hearing loss, bilateral inguinal hernias, submucous cleft palate, and dysmorphic features including a triangular shaped face, broad forehead, small chin, prominent eyes, downslanting palpebral fissures, and a downturned mouth. Chromosome analysis showed an interstitial deletion of chromosome 13 which was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis to include the Rb locus, but spare the 13q subtelomeric region. The karyotype was 46,XY,del(13)(q14.1q31.2).ish del(13)(RB1−,D13S327+) de novo. Breakpoints were further characterized by SNP‐based microarray. Retinoblastoma tumors are a well‐known complication of deletion of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene, located at chromosome 13q14.2. Growth retardation is another common feature that has been described in other patients with a deletion of 13q. Additionally, this patient had brain findings on MRI consistent with bilateral polymicrogyria with predominance of the frontal lobes, as well as prominent infratentorial and supratentorial vasculature. There are a variety of polymicrogyria syndromes that are distinguished by the cortical location of the abnormal folding. Several of the subtypes have known genetic loci associated with them. To our knowledge, this is the only report of polymicrogyria in association with a deletion of chromosome 13. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sexing skulls using discriminant function analysis of visually assessed traits
Authors: Walker Phillip L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe accuracy of sex determinations based on visual assessments of the mental eminence, orbital margin, glabellar area, nuchal area, and mastoid process was tested on a series of 304 skulls of known age and sex from people of European American, African American, and English ancestry as well as on an ancient Native American sample of 156 individuals whose sex could be reliably determined based on pelvic morphology. Ordinal scores of these sexually dimorphic traits were used to compute sex determination discriminant functions. Linear, kth‐nearest‐neighbor, logistic, and quadratic discriminant analysis models were evaluated based on their capacity to minimize both misclassifications and sex biases in classification errors. Logistic regression discriminant analysis produced the best results: a logistic model containing all five cranial trait scores correctly classified 88% of the modern skulls with a negligible sex bias of 0.1%. Adding age at death, birth year, and population affinity to the model did not appreciably improve its performance. For the ancient Native American sample, the best logistic regression model assigned the correct pelvic sex to 78% of the individuals with a sex bias of only 0.2%. Similar cranial trait frequency distributions were found in same‐sex comparisons of the modern African American, European American, and English samples. The sexual dimorphism of these modern people contrasts markedly with that of the ancient Native Americans. Because of such population differences, discriminant functions like those presented in this paper should be used with caution on populations other than those for which they were developed. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth and malnutrition of rural Zimbabwean children (6–17 years of age)
Authors: Olivieri F. , Semproli S. , Pettener D. , Toselli S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe rural environment is an important factor in delayed growth in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of poor rural living conditions on the growth of a Shona sample in Zimbabwe. In total, 982 subjects aged 6–17 years were analyzed. Mean values of height, weight, skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, biceps, medial calf), cormic index, body mass index (BMI), arm composition (total upper arm area, upper arm muscle area, arm fat area, and arm fat index), fat percentage (%F), centripetal fat ratio (CFR), and the contribution of each skinfold to the adiposity of the trunk and upper limbs are presented. Weight, height, BMI, cormic index, SSCP, TRCP, arm circumference, and arm composition are compared with NHANES percentiles. Boys and girls showed stunting and underweight at ages 11–15 and 8–15, respectively; boys presented particularly severe malnutrition and their means of height and weight were below the 10th percentile. The means of arm circumference, UMA, UFA, and TRCP were below the 15th percentile in both sexes. The contribution of the skinfolds generally showed an overall prevalence of TRCP in both sexes; the contribution of SSCP was prevalent only for the 16‐ to 17‐year‐old boys. Males presented a higher CFR than girls after 14 years while females showed an irregular pattern. There was a high incidence of brachycormia and mesocormia in females and males, respectively. Height, weight, and BMI were similar to the values observed in other sub‐Saharan countries, although body size was slightly larger than in South Africa and smaller than in Tanzania. The results provide a useful database for future comparisons. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anthropometric changes in children and adolescents from 1965 to 2005 in Korea
Authors: Kim Ji‐Yeong , Oh In‐Hwan , Lee Eun‐Young , Choi Kyung‐Sik , Choe Bong‐Keun , Yoon Tai‐Young , Lee Chong‐Guk , Moon Jin‐Soo , Shin Sung‐Hee , Choi Joong‐Myung 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the secular growth changes in Korean children and adolescents during the last four decades. In 2005, 68,790 boys and 62,557 girls were recruited for this study across the nation in 2005. Anthropometric data (weight, height, etc.) were measured. We compared the results of previous nationwide growth studies with this study. The results of this survey indicate that the growth and developmental status of Korean children and adolescents has been changed substantially compared with those in 1965, 1975, 1984, and 1997. The data presented in this study show a distinct secular increase in growth in body height and weight of Korean children and adolescents spanning this period. A nationwide survey every 5 years would be beneficial to establish a reference standard for the growth of children and adolescents according to the socioeconomic, environmental, and nutritional changes. Am J Phys
Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dismembering bodies for display: A bioarchaeological study of trophy heads from the Wari site of Conchopata, Peru
Authors: Tung Tiffiny A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHuman trophy heads from the Wari site of Conchopata (AD 600–1000) are examined to evaluate if recently deceased persons or old corpses were used to make trophy heads and determine if the modifications are standardized. Similarly styled trophy heads may suggest state oversight that ensured uniform modifications, while different styles may suggest that various factions or kin groups prepared them to their own specifications. Other studies often interpret trophy heads as either enemies or ancestors; so, this study addresses that debate by documenting aspects of their identity as revealed through demographic, paleopathological, and trauma data. Results show that “fresh” bodies, not old corpses, were used to make trophies, as evidenced by cutmarks indicating intentional removal of soft tissues. Trophy heads are remarkably standardized; 89% display a hole on the superior of the cranium, apparently a design feature that displays the trophy head upright and facing forward when suspended by a cord. Of the 31 trophy heads, 24 are adolescents/adults and 7 are children, and of the 17 sexed adults, 15 are male and 2 are female. This suggests that adult men and children were favored as trophies. Among 19 observable adult trophy heads, 42% exhibit cranial trauma, suggesting that violence was common among this group. Complementary data on Wari iconography shows warriors wearing trophy heads and Wari deities holding captives and trophy heads. Thus, it is likely that captives (or just their heads) were taken in battles and raids—either secular or ritual—and eventually transformed into trophy heads. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iron Age breastfeeding practices in Britain: Isotopic evidence from Wetwang Slack, East Yorkshire
Authors: Jay Mandy , Fuller B.T. , Richards Michael P. , Knüsel Christopher J. , King Sarah S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe present here the results of carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis of bone collagen undertaken on all skeletal remains of infants and young children below the age of 6 years (n = 34) from the internationally important British cemetery site at Wetwang Slack in East Yorkshire (middle Iron Age, ca. 4th to 2nd centuries BC). The aim of the study is to investigate infant diet, with particular reference to breastfeeding and weaning practices, and to compare the data with previously published studies of archaeological populations, particularly in the context of the variation in data patterns to be seen between sites. The skeletal remains from Wetwang Slack form the only prehistoric collection in the UK, prior to the Romano‐British period, with sufficient individuals in this age group to make such an isotopic study viable alongside associated adults and older children. The data are compared in detail with published data from two other sites, one from 19th century Canada and the other from Medieval Britain. The results suggest an unusual situation at Wetwang Slack, with neither the nitrogen nor the carbon isotope ratios conforming to expectations when compared with the putative mothers. We discuss how these data compare with the expectation for breastfed infants and we interpret the divergence in this case to be due to restricted breastfeeding and the early introduction of supplementary foods. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief Communication: Physiological stress in the Florida Archaic—Enamel hypoplasia and patterns of developmental insult in early North American hunter‐gatherers
Authors: Berbesque J.C. , Doran G.H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe examined the prevalence and developmental timing of linear enamel hypoplasias (LEHs) in an early Archaic Floridian population from Windover (8,120–6,980 14C years B.P. uncorrected). Using digital images, mandibular and maxillary canines were analyzed for defect prevalence and timing of insults. Although overall prevalence was very weakly correlated with earlier defect timing, there were significant differences in defect prevalence that varied by sex and tooth type. The mean LEH count in male mandibular canines was far higher than in male maxillary canines or in female mandibular or maxillary canines. We examined defect timing as a possible predictor of the sex differences in LEH prevalence. There were no significant sex differences in the developmental timing of the earliest defects in either tooth class. Developmental timing is not responsible for the sex differences seen in defect prevalence in mandibular canines. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the addition of the surfactant Tetronic 1307 on poly(ether sulfone) porous hollow‐fiber membrane formation
Authors: Rahman Nasrul A. , Sotani Tomohiro , Matsuyama Hideto 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPoly(ether sulfone) (PES) hollow‐fiber membrane was prepared via a nonsolvent‐induced phase‐separation method, and the effect of the addition of the surfactant Tetronic 1307 on the membrane performance and characteristics was investigated. The phase diagram of the PES/N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP)/water system was clarified. When the polymer solution involved Tetronic 1307, the amount of water required to induce the phase separation decreased, which indicated that Tetronic 1307 was one kind of nonsolvent. The kinetics of phase separation for the PES/NMP/Tetronic 1307 system were studied by light‐scattering measurements. With the addition of Tetronic 1307, delayed phase separation was observed, and the structure growth rate decreased. Scanning electron microscopy images for all of the membranes showed the formation of fingerlike macrovoids through the cross section. Membrane surface morphologies were measured by atomic force microscopy. The obtained results indicated that membrane with 7 wt % Tetronic 1307 had higher roughness parameters than original membrane without the addition of surfactant. Ultrafiltration experiment results showed that the addition of Tetronic 1307 brought about an increase in water permeability and decreased the rejection of dextran with a molecular weight of about 10,000. The contact angles of water on the membrane outer surface decreased with the addition of Tetronic 1307. This mean the membrane surface became more hydrophilic. Thus, the addition of Tetronic 1307 was useful for improving the water permeability and for obtaining a hydrophilic membrane surface. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Biocidal acyclic halamine polymers: Conversion of acrylamide‐grafted‐cotton to acyclic halamine
Authors: Liu Song , Sun Gang 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBiocidal acyclic halamine materials can be prepared by chlorination of amide structures grafted onto polymers such as cellulose. This approach extended available halamine structures and potential applications in medical textiles and polymers. However, the conversion yield of the amide bonds to acyclic halamine was quite low (∼ 6%) according to the grafted amide bonds. By using instrumental analyses of FTIR, NMR, and LC‐MS, imidization reaction on amide bonds during the graft polymerization was identified as one of the major side reactions that could lead to the low conversion yield. Potassium persulfate was found accountable for the imidization reaction of amide structures. Potential solutions to this side reaction were proposed and evaluated as well in this study. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effect of SEPS as a novel compatibilizer on the properties and morphology of PP/PC/POE blends
Authors: Dai Shanshan , Ye Lin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA novel macromolecular compatibilizer, styrene‐ethylene‐propylene‐styrene (SEPS) with high content of styrene, was investigated for the purpose of improving the compatibility of PP (polypropylene)/PC (polycarbonate)/POE (ethylene‐octene copolymer) blends. SEPS shows a remarkable compatibilizing effect since it has a particular structure with the EP‐compatible aliphatic segments, which is well miscible with the nonpolar PP and olefinic elastomer POE domains, and S‐chain segments which exhibit strong affinity with PC because of the similar molecular structure. Its compatibilizing effect was examined in terms of the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties. The compatibilized PP‐based blends represent remarkable improvement in impact strength and balanced tensile strength. When 5 wt % SEPS was added to PP/PC/POE blends (20 wt % POE), the impact strength of the blends was enhanced from 24 to 43 kJ/m2 without obvious drop in the tensile strength. Their morphologies show a decreasing and much more homogeneous size of dispersed PC and POE particles through addition of SEPS, and the fracture surface morphologies change from irregular mosaic to the mix of mosaic and striation, and finally the regularly distant striation. The special morphology structure that resulted from the effect of the compatibilizer could be a key for enhancement of toughness and balanced rigidity of the blends. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Poly(lactic acid)‐based biocomposites reinforced with kenaf fibers
Authors: Avella Maurizio , Bogoeva‐Gaceva Gordana , Bužarovska Aleksandra , Errico Maria Emanuela , Gentile Gennaro , Grozdanov Anita 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBiodegradable thermoplastic‐based composites reinforced with kenaf fibers were prepared and characterized. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was selected as polymeric matrix. To improve PLA/fibers adhesion, low amount of a proper reactive coupling agent, obtained by grafting maleic anhydride onto PLA, was added during matrix/fibers melt mixing. Compared with uncompatibilized composites, this compatibilization strategy induces a strong interfacial adhesion and a pronounced improvement of the mechanical properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of PE‐EPDM based jute fiber composites
Authors: Sarkhel Gautam , Choudhury Arup 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe present investigation deals with the mechanical, thermal and viscoelastic properties of ternary composites based on low density polyethylene (LDPE)‐ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM) blend and high density polyethylene (HDPE)‐EPDM blend reinforced with short jute fibers. For all the untreated and compatibilizer treated composites, the variation of mechanical and viscoelastic properties as a function of fiber loading (10, 20 and 30 wt %) and compatibilizer concentration (1, 2, and 3%) were evaluated. The flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, and hardness increased with increasing both the fiber loading and the compatibilizer dose. The storage modulus (E′) and loss modulus (E″) of the HDPE‐EPDM/jute fiber composites were recorded higher compared to those of the LDPE‐EPDM/jute fiber composites at all level of fiber loading and compatibilizer doses. The tanδ (damping efficiency) spectra showed a strong influence of the fiber loading and compatibilizer dose on the α relaxation process of polymer matrix in the composite. The thermo‐oxidative stability was significantly enhanced for treated composites compared to untreated composites. Scanning electron microscopy investigation confirmed that the higher values of mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the treated composites compared to untreated composites is caused by improvement of fiber‐matrix adhesion as result of compatibilizer treatment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Integrating VOEvents with AstroGrid through STAP services
Authors: Auden E. , Allan A. , Benson K. , Dalla S. , Winstanley N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractVOEvent packets describe transient space events, so the Simple Time Access Protocol (STAP) specification provides a useful time‐based query mechanism. Once event metadata has been extracted from VOEvent packets to a relational database, an AstroGrid STAP client web service can be configured to query the events. The resulting STAP service is registered with an IVOA compliant registry, and users can then query VOEvent archives through virtual observatory data searching applications such as the AstroGrid VOScope application. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
RTS2: Lessons learned from a widely distributed telescope network
Authors: Kubánek P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRTS2 (Remote Telescope System 2) is a highly modular open source telescope and observatory management software package. It evolved fromRTS, which was developed in Python to control a telescope aimed at observing optical transients of γ ray burts. The development of a network system capable of operating robotic telescopes is both difficult and complicated. Along with continued software development one must be concerned with maintaining operations and obtaining results. This is a review of experiences gained building a network of robotic telescopes. It focuses on describing which issues are important during development of the robotic observatory software and requirements for future development of the RTS2 package. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A machine learning classification broker for the LSST transient database
Authors: Borne K.D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe describe the largest data‐producing astronomy project in the coming decade – the LSST (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope). The enormous data output, database contents, knowledge discovery, and community science expected from this project will impose massive data challenges on the astronomical research community. One of these challenge areas is the rapid machine learning, data mining, and classification of all novel astronomical events from each 3‐gigapixel (6‐GB) image obtained every 20 seconds throughout every night for the project duration of 10 years.We describe these challenges and a particular implementation of a classification broker for this data fire hose. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope: A homogeneous telescope network
Authors: Hidas M.G. , Hawkins E. , Walker Z. , Brown T.M. , Rosing W.E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLas Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope is a research organisation in the process of designing and building a network of robotic telescopes to be used for research in time‐domain astrophysics and education. The network will have complete latitude coverage in both hemispheres to allow continuous observations of any target. In other words, we will keep you in the dark. We describe the current status of our facilities and our vision for the full network. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New observing modes of a future HTN‐based distributed detection network for high time resolution and quantum optical astrophysics experiments
Authors: Solomos N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis contribution aims to introduce the idea that a well‐evolved HTN of the far future, with the anticipated addition of very large apertures, could also be made to incorporate the ability to carry out photonic astronomy observations, particularly Optical VLBI in a revived Hanbury‐Brown and Twiss Intensity Interferometry (HBTII) configuration. Such an HTN could exploit its inherent rapid reconfigurational ability to become a multi‐aperture distributed photon‐counting network able to study higher‐order spatiotemporal photon correlations and provide a unique tool for direct diagnostics of astrophysical emission processes. We very briefly review various considerations associated with the switching of the HTN to a special mode in which single‐photon detection events are continuously captured fora posterioriintercorrelation. In this context, photon arrival times should be determined to the highest time resolution possible and extremely demanding absolute time keeping and absolute time distribution schemes should be devised and implemented in the HTN nodes involved. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GCN and VOEvent: A status report
Authors: Barthelmy S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe GRB Coordinates Network (GCN) has filled an important niche in the conduct and progress of research on GRB for more than 14 years. The methods used to collect and distribute the positions, lightcurves, spectra, and images on GRB in real time (a few seconds) will be reviewed. For the research on GRBs to continue to move forward and for other fields of transient astronomy to move forward, enhancements are needed to the GCN. VOEvents is one of those changes, and that addition will be described here. The enhanced system will be called VO‐GCN. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)