bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of range safety for the NASA space shuttle
Authors: Rabelo Luis C. , Sepulveda Jose , Compton Jeppie , Turner Robert 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe main objective of this paper is to introduce the development of a decision‐support environment for a complex problem: space range safety. Simulation modeling can provide a good environment to support range safety managers.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes the different models and the processes to find the different knowledge sources. In addition, it investigates statistically the most important factors. This will help determine emergency management procedures and sources of variability.FindingsThis case study provides guidance and an example to follow for other problems in aerospace (in particular new the analysis of new vehicles). There are important factors to consider in order to implement risk management in National Aeronautics and Space Administration.Research limitations/implicationsThere are several limitations; blast and debris effects need to be added.Practical implicationsFirst, it provides a guide in order to persuade managers of the utilization of decision‐support systems based on geographical information systems. Second, it shows that there is open source software (Calpuff in our environment) which can be used and integrated to make a more comprehensive environment. Validation is a big issue. In addition, simulation can help make decisions about future vehicles or events.Originality/valueThis is the first implementation of a virtual range (there is not an integrated system similar to this one available). This will be valuable to other safety managers not only for space exploration but also environmentalists and homeland security managers.
Fuel system design of the smart UAV considering operational reliability
Authors: Kong Changduk , Kang Myoung‐cheol , Lee Chang‐ho , Han Dong‐ju 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo set‐up a specific design procedure for the smart unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) fuel supply system which has been developed by Korean Aerospace Research Institute, and to design it preliminarily with the fuel system requirement and target reliabilities.Design/methodology/approachThe fuel system layout and fuel tank were determined through consideration of total fuel volume, fuel flow rate, reliability, weight, centre of gravity, etc. In sizing of components such as booster pumps, jet pumps, piping system, vent subsystem, refuelling and defuelling subsystem, engine fuel flow requirement, pressure loss, component failure rate, weight and centre of gravity were considered. Finally, the reliability analysis of the preliminary designed fuel system was carried out.FindingsAccording to the reliability analysis and weight estimation results, it was confirmed that the proposed fuel system agreed well with the design specifications and target reliabilities required by the vehicle system.Research limitations/implicationsIn current preliminary design phase, the most important consideration is the reliability of the fuel system. Therefore, the weight estimation of the designed fuel system to meet this reliability requirement could not meet partially the system's requirements. In the next design step, the proper fuel system for weight reduction will be performed through an optimization process between weight and reliability.Originality/valueA specific design procedure components' sizing to meet system requirement target reliability for UAV vertical take‐off/landing was proposed.
Numerical simulation of stage separation manoeuvre with jet interaction
Authors: Mirzaei Masoud , Najafie Nia Babak , Shadaram Abodollah 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis research aims to investigate numerically the influence of braking jets on separation process of a flying object.Design/methodology/approachThe flying object is at supersonic regime and axial separation of its stages is accomplished with the aid of braking jets of separated stage. The simulation is three‐dimensional and relative motion of the stages is considered three degree of freedom. Full Navier‐Stokes equations in conjunction with κ−ε (RNG) turbulence model equations are considered as governing equations. These equations are solved using the finite volume technique. The separation process is analysed as an unsteady process and the problem is solved in a moving grid domain. The local remeshing method is adapted to regenerate computational cells around moving boundaries.FindingsTime history of flow field around the vehicle components, time history of aerodynamic coefficients, and instantaneous relative position of the body components are the results of this research. Numerical modelling results are compared with the results of other references.Originality/valueMost of the similar works in this area have used Euler or thin layer Navier‐Stokes (TLNS) equations as governing equations and the use of full Navier‐Stokes equations to analyse such a complicated problem (3D axial separation with braking jets) have not been reported in the literature. Since there are some recirculation zones inside the flow field and Euler or even TLNS equations cannot predict their behaviours, the use of full Navier‐Stokes equations may lead to more accurate prediction of these regions and aerodynamic forces.
MALE UAV design of an increased reliability level
Authors: Goetzendorf‐Grabowski Tomasz , Frydrychewicz Andrzej , Goraj Zdobysław , Suchodolski Stanisław 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis study seeks to present the initial requirements for medium altitude long endurance (MALE) UAV design of an increased reliability.Design/methodology/approachShows and describes the successive design phases of PW‐103 MALE UAV.FindingsThe analysis of the performances of the PW‐103 UAV, powered by either a main or an auxiliary engine, demonstrated that auxiliary power unit improved flight safety significantly.Originality/valueSuccessive MALE UAV configurations developed in the design process were aerodynamically more efficient than their predecessors.
Louise and Sidney Homer: a 21st century dual‐career couple, circa 1911
Authors: Achey Kidwell Linda , Kidwell Roland E. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the lives of early twentieth century opera star Louise Homer and her composer husband Sidney, and their attempts to manage two successful careers and a family of six children. Almost 100 years ago, the Homers – a rare example of a two‐career family – employed several adaptive strategies that academic researchers later suggested for twenty‐first century dual‐career couples.Design/methodology/approachConsidering the work‐family literature, two modern models of managing and coping with the stresses of dual careers were examined and the Homer family were then considered to determine whether they employed similar strategies. Letters were used from the Homers and their children, other original documents and secondary research in investigating the couple's efforts to handle the challenges of dual‐careers when the concept of a woman pursuing a profession outside the home was a novelty.FindingsSeveral adaptive strategies recently “discovered” to be used by upper‐income dual‐career couples with children seem just as applicable to 1911 when the Homers' fifth child was born. The findings underscore the idea that challenges perceived as unusual and unique to one generation have been dealt with successfully by past generations.Originality/valueThe paper provides an historical perspective on newly suggested strategies for dual‐career couples in the work‐family literature. Such strategies have been used for at least a century even though the dual‐career concept only became prominent in the last four decades. This paper is one of a few that examines dual‐career couples in an historical context, and indicates how the past can inform those who face contemporary workplace phenomena.
The emergence of job satisfaction in organizational behavior
Authors: Wright Thomas A. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeBased more on practical (and contextual), rather than theoretical grounds, over time, job satisfaction came to be the work attitude of choice for many early researchers interested in studying the relationship between employee attitudes and efficiency. Surprisingly, research examining the basis for why this belief is practically nonexistent. This paper addresses this apparent void in the organizational literature.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a historical overview of the development of job attitudes is introduced. Second, incorporating important early, but now mostly forgotten, research on employee boredom, fatigue and customer satisfaction, a “missing link” explanation is presented for job satisfaction eventually becoming the “job attitude of choice” in organizational research.FindingsIntegrating early research from two long‐forgotten streams of organizational research, this paper provides a practical (and contextual) framework for why job satisfaction became the most widely used measure of happiness in the happy/productive worker thesis.Practical implicationsFuture research endeavors on the happy/productive worker thesis might greatly benefit from an awareness of the important, but now mostly forgotten, stream of early research on worker well‐being.Originality/valueThis historical paper provides the reader with a better understanding of the contextual framework for how the fascination with job satisfaction developed over time.
The effect of economic conditions on union membership of men and women
Authors: Halbesleben Jonathon R.B. , Buckley M. Ronald 
Published: July 2006

PurposeIn a recent review of the history of women in unions, the author suggested that downturns in the economy have had a more significant effect on women than men in unions, leading to significant declines in the membership of women in unions. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between economic cycles and women's membership in unions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates that relationship using both quantitative and historical methods and generate evidence for the proposal.FindingsBased on the historical and quantitative analysis, it is concluded that a more accurate way to depict the situation is to say that economic conditions influence union membership through a number of important intervening variables and, furthermore, that changes in those intervening variables over the past 40 years have substantially influenced the relationship between economics and union membership.Originality/valueThis paper is unique in its combination of historical and empirical approaches to addressing questions of a historical nature. The paper addresses an interesting proposal regarding relationships between economics and gender in union membership
An Interregional Perspective on Aggregation Bias and Information Loss in Input‐output Analysis
Authors: CROWN WILLIAM H. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper extends previous theorems concerning aggregation bias in single‐region and national input‐output models to interregional input‐output (IRIO) models. The results indicate that the conditions for zero aggregation bias are more stringent in input‐output models involving multiple regions. In addition, the paper derives the relationship between the information content of IRIO and national input‐output accounts. The results confirm the conventional wisdom that the information content of multiple region input‐output models of the U.S. economy contain more information than national input‐output models.
Pareto‐Efficiency and the Provision of Public Goods Within a Rural Setting
Authors: C.DELLER STEVEN 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThe ability of small rural governments to provide local public goods in a Pareto‐efficient manner is examined. A test developed by Brueckner (1982) is used to examine the efficiency of a sample of town governments in rural Maine. The empirical results suggest that local property values are maximized, which implies that local public goods are provided in a Pareto‐efficient manner.
The Impact of Stadium and Professional Sports on Metropolitan Area Development
Authors: BAADE ROBERT A. , DYE RICHARD F. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTMore and more cities are being encouraged to subsidize sports stadiums as an economic development tool. In this paper regression analysis using census data on nine different metropolitan areas is employed to evaluate the impact of stadiums and professional sports teams on area development. Previous attempts to estimate the effectiveness of sports‐based development have used assumption‐driven trade multiplier models. The evidence presented here is that the presence of a new or renovated stadium has an uncertain impact on the levels of personal income and possibly a negative impact on local development relative to the region. These results should serve as a caution to those who assume or assert a large positive stadium impact.
The Incorporation Of Multiple Bases Into Shift‐Share Analysis
Authors: MCDONOUGH CAROL C. , SIHAG BALBIR S. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThis paper expands the shift‐share technique by developing a methodology for selecting and including both primary‐ and secondary‐base economies in the shift‐share model. This is useful when the shift‐share technique is applied to subregional economies, whose economic growth is typically tied to the economies of both the state and the nation. The expanded methodology is illustrated with data from the Lowell, Massachusetts, Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA).
Spatial Divisions of Corporate Services Occupations in the United States, 1983–88
Authors: ETTLINGER NANCY , CLAY BRADLEY 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThis article examines corporate services from a regional perspective, using the concept of “spatial divisions of labor.” We examine non‐routine, control‐related activity as well as routine activity, bridging the literatures on white‐ and pink‐collar work. Using the Geographic Profile on Employment and Unemployment, published by the U.S. Department of Labor, we examine occupational data across the nine census divisions continuously from 1983 through 1988. This data source is unique because it reports on occupational data annually, in relatively disaggregate form, and does so by geographic regions. Location quotients for the occupational data serve to identify a “core” with respect to concentrations of control‐related activity. This core comprises the New England, Middle Atlantic, and Pacific divisions. In contrast, routine activity generally is more dispersed, although some regional separation is evident for specific occupations, showing regional concentration in subordinate or “peripheral” regions. The results of the study identify regional patterns, which are heuristically valuable in raising questions regarding the complex processes responsible for spatial divisions of labor. In particular, the findings suggest a geography of modes of production, a subject that requires substantially more attention.
Aid to Families with Dependent Children and Female Poverty
Authors: HOFFMAN EMILY P. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThe causal relationships between poverty in female‐headed households with minor children and Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) transfer payments for the period from 1959 to 1988 were examined by means of the Granger causality test. This study found weak statistical evidence that receipt of AFDC “causes” poverty, but strong statistical evidence that the number of poor female‐headed households with minor children is a “cause” of the number of recipients of AFDC, and that an increase in the real dollar amount of AFDC per recipient family “causes“ a reduction in the poverty rate of female‐headed households with minor children.
The Impact of Output and Productivity Changes on Manufacturing Employment
Authors: RIGBY DAVID L. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTTraditional univariate shift‐share studies of employment provide an unreliable indicator of the relative performance of a region or an industry for they fail to separate the effects of output and productivity change on the demand for labor. An extended shift‐share model is proposed that overcomes this weakness and permits identification of different processes of regional development. This model is used to investigate annual employment change in twenty (two‐digit SIC) manufacturing industries in nine census regions of the U.S. between 1950 and 1986. The timing and depth of the exodus of manufacturing jobs from the snowbelt to the sunbelt is illustrated along with the business cycle performance of industries and regions. Productivity growth in the sunbelt is positively associated with rapid output expansion, whereas in the snowbelt it is associated with the loss of market share and economic rationalization.
Short‐Term Dynamics of the U.S. Interstate Migration System, 1980–1988
Authors: MCHUGH KEVIN E. , GOBER PATRICIA 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThis paper identifies short‐term fluctuations in the interstate migration system using annual state‐to‐state migration flow data from Internal Revenue Service (IRS) records for the period, 1980 to 1988. Measures of migration efficiency are employed to indicate the net redistribution of population between states relative to the size of underlying gross interstate flows. Three findings stand out: (1) migration was more effective in redistributing the population in years of economic retrenchment than during periods of growth and expansion, (2) the dominant pattern of population redistribution shifted from a core‐periphery configuration evident in the 1970s and early 1980s to a bi‐coastal distribution by the mid‐1980s, and (3) the most dramatic event of the 1980s was the oil glut and decline in oil prices and profits which ravaged the economies of energy states in the West South Central and Mountain regions. Rapid reversals from net in‐ to net out‐migration among energy states sent ripples and shock waves through the system of interstate migration flows. Overall, results demonstrate the high degree of temporal and spatial volatility in the U.S. interstate migration system.
Sources of Output Change in the U.S. Economy
Authors: MARTIN R. P. , HOLLAND DAVID 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTOutput changes in the U.S. economy from 1972 to 1977 are analyzed using a 477‐sector input‐output framework. The empirical model is based on benchmark data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Commodity output changes are attributed to technical change, import substitution, changes in domestic final demand, and changes in export demand. Special attention is given to the importance of international trade and the patterns of change observed in rapidly growing and declining sectors.The results indicate that 71 percent of the sectors lost domestic market share to imports, but on balance international trade contributed to positive output change through increased exports. Technology changes became increasingly important in sectors of the economy experiencing either rapid growth or decline. Conversely, final demand, exports, and import substitution generally appeared to be most important in the slowly changing sectors. These findings confirm and expand on earlier work that indicated a dominant role for technology changes in explaining output changes in emerging and declining industries.
An Evaluation of State Budget Stabilization Funds Among Midwestern States
Authors: NAVIN JOHN C. , NAVIN LEO J. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTUsing data from the National Conference of State Legislatures, this paper examines the state budget stabilization funds of Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Unlike previous research, this paper examines the movement of the fund balances over time (between 1983 and 1991), to see how the fund balances move in relation to a number of indicators of state fiscal health. The results of this research show that the use of these funds varies significantly among the states as does the level of funding and therefore the ability of the funds to serve as an effective tool for counter‐cyclical state fiscal policy.
Recent Trends in Nonmetropolitan Migration: Toward a New Turnaround?
Authors: FUGUITT GLENN V. , BEALE CALVIN L. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTOver the past 30 years there have been three unanticipated shifts in metropolitan‐nonmetropolitan population change and migration: the nonmetropolitan turnaround of the 1970s, with a migration balance favoring nonmetropolitan areas: the downturn of the early 1980s when nonmetropolitan areas lost net migrants as they did in the 1960s, and a more recent post‐1990 recovery, with nonmetropolitan net migration rates once again above those of metropolitan areas. Partial explanations have been developed from the deconcentration and regional restructuring theoretical perspectives, but there is not yet consensus on how to explain this sequence of three migration changes since 1970. There is a need for a general review of these trends, particularly given the recency of the latest change. Such a review is attempted here. Annual net migration estimates are examined, considering the changing metropolitan‐nonmetropolitan differential, and differences across geographic and functional county types in nonmetropolitan areas. Some differences stand out across the 24‐year period, but the most notable finding is the widespread nature of the turnaround, the reversal, and the current recovery. There are differences between the present and the 1970s, but a trend toward greater retention and or acquisition of people in rural and small town areas is clear.
Spatial Labor Markets and the Rural Labor Force
Authors: STABLER JACK C. , OLFERT M. ROSE , GREUEL JONATHAN B. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTFunctional economic areas have long been recognized as the appropriate unit of analysis for examining the spatial organization of regional economic activity. While easily defined conceptually, few fine‐tuned empirical delineations based on either trading or commuting patterns have been produced. In this paper, labor market areas (LMAs) based on commuting patterns of Saskatchewan residents are constructed for two points in time, 1981 and 1991. Detailed Statistics Canada data on place of work and place of residence for the experienced labor force were used 38 distinct LMAs were identified for 1991, and 37 for 1981. The 15 largest LMAs, which included just under one‐half of all rural municipalities (RMs) in southern Saskatchewan, grew in absolute terms and gained in relative importance during the decade. Another 23 (22) smaller LMAs in 1991 (1981), provided jobs for modest but declining numbers of both commuters and noncommuters. The remaining 30 percent of all RMs had such low or diffused levels of commuting that they were not included in any LMA in either year. A pattern apparent for all LMAs was an intensification of commuting within the labor market area. Although there was a reduction in the number of commuters from centers of employment to surrounding areas between 1981 and 1991, there was an even larger increase in commuters to centers of employment. While commuting to a job in an urban center is still a distinct possibility for the rural labor force living within the 15 largest LMAs, it is increasingly less likely for those residing elsewhere in rural Saskatchewan. In these remote areas, alternatives to urban‐based employment are required.