bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Biotransformation and Influence on the Functional Activities of Metabolites during the Fermentation of Elaeagnus moorcroftii Wall.ex Schlecht. Juice by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN-3
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Wang Chenxi , Lan Zhenghui , Teng Yingdi , Ni Yongqing , Zhang Yan 
Published: March 2024

Elaeagnus moorcroftii Wall.ex Schlecht. (EWS) has extensive nutrients and functional active ingredients, which makes it an excellent potential substrate for fermentation. The improvement in the antioxidant activity of Elaeagnus moorcroftii Wall.ex Schlecht. juice (EWSJ) fermented by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN-3 (B.an3) could be attributed to the metabolism and biotransformation of plant-based products by the bacterial strain. To reveal the underlying mechanism, non-targeted metabolomics was applied in this study. After fermentation, the structure of downregulated carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, and flavonoids was changed by Bifidobacterium biotransformation (included four reductions, three hydrolyses, four isomerizations, three deglycosidations, and five other reactions). The structure of these converted upregulated products has a higher antioxidant ability to reduce free radicals than their precursors, such as the flavonoids in the form of hydrolyzed conjugates, amino acids with multiple sulfhydryls or hydroxys, carbohydrates with reactive oxygen on benzene rings and fatty acids with unsaturated bonds, short chains, and glycosides. These findings shed light on the mechanism of the metabolism and biotransformation of EWSJ by B.an3, facilitate the study of the interaction between probiotics and fermented plant-based products, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of Bifidobacterium-fermented plant products with stronger functional activities.
Acil Servise Motosiklet Kazası Nedeniyle Başvuran Hastalar ile Araç İçi Trafik Kazası Nedeniyle Başvuran Hastaların Travma Skorlarının ve Prognozunun Karşılaştırılması
Authors: İmal Ersin , Şaşmaz Muhammed İkbal , Yaldız Demet 
Published: March 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmada acil servise araç içi trafik kazası veya motosiklet kazası ile başvuran çoklu travma hastalarının travma skorlarını ve prognozlarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışma Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Acil Servisi’ne çoklu travma ile başvuran 100 araç içi trafik kazalı ve 75 motosiklet kazalı olguda yapıldı. Olguların Yaralanma Ciddiyet Skoru (ISS), Kısaltılmış Yaralanma Skoru (AIS), Glasgow Koma Skoru (GKS), prognozları ve klinik özellikleri kaydedilmiştir.
Bulgular: Olguların araç içi trafik kazası grubundakilerin %75’i erkek, motosiklet kazası olgularının ise %94,7’si erkek idi. Yaş ortalaması araç içi trafik kazası ile başvuran olgularda 37,29 ± 16,02 saptanırken, motosiklet kazalı olgularda 37,85 ± 15,40 saptanmıştır. En sık yaralanma bölgesi araç içi trafik kazalı olgularda %76 ve motosiklet kazası nedeniyle gelen olgularda ise %74,6 ile ekstremite yaralanması olduğu belirlendi. Travma skorları incelendiğinde GKS ortalaması araç içi trafik kazalı olgularda 13,30 ± 3,56 motosiklet kazası nedeniyle gelen olgularda 13,0 ± 3,09 dur. ISS ortalaması araç içi trafik kazasında 24,28 ± 16,69 saptanırken, motosiklet kazası nedeniyle gelen olgularda ise 22,25 ± 17,32 saptanmıştır. AIS skorları karşılaştırıldığında araç içi trafik kazalı hastalarda 3,59 ± 1,20, motosiklet kazası nedeniyle gelen olgularda 3,40 ± 1,26 saptanmıştır. Travma skorları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Araç içi trafik kazalı olgularda cerrahi girişim oranı %24, motosiklet kazalı olgularda %21,3 saptandı. Olguların her iki grubunda da mortalite %8 olarak saptandı.
Sonuç: Çalışmada araç içi trafik kazası ve motosiklet kazası nedeniyle başvuran multitravmalı hastalar incelendi. İki grup da travma skorları açısından anlamlı benzer özellikler göstermiştir.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMBELIAN SMARTHPHONE VIVO DI TEMBILAHAN
Authors: Bujang Anuar , Amdanata Donal Devi 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah harga, kualitas produk dan promosi berpengaruh terhaadap keputusan pembelian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 50, pegambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling ini artinya setiap individu yang digunakan sebagai sampel dipilih dengan sengaja berdasarkan pertimbangan tertentu. Harga, Kualitas Produk Dan Promosi sebaga variabel bebas dan Keputusan Pembelian sebaga variabel terikat. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Analisis Linier Berganda. Berdasarkan tabel diatas menunjukan nilai R Square (R2) sebesar 0,914 atau 91.4%. Hal ini berarti variabel kepuasaan pembeli dipengaruhi oleh 5 variabel bebas yaitu harga, kualitas produk, promosidan sisanya 8.6% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak disertakan dalam variabel penelitian ini. Dari hasil uji regresi linier berganda diperoleh persamaan regresi, yaitu Y = 3.949 = 0.260 (X1) + 0,684 (X2) +0,106 (X3). Berdasarkan hasil analis pengujian yaitu uji parsial (uji t) dapat diketahui bahwa variabel Harga (X1) mempunyai thitung sebesar 3.062 > ttabel yaitu 1.675 dengan nilai sig 0,004 lebih kecil dari 0,05 maka h1 diterima. Dengan demikian Harga berpengaruh terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Variabel kualitas produk mempunyai thitung 10,743 > ttabel sebesar 1.675 dan nilai sig 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05 maka h2 diterima. Dengan demikian variabel kualitas produk berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian. Variabel promosi mempunyai 2.367 > ttabel sebesar 1.675 dan nilai sig 0,002 lebih kecil dari 0,05 maka H3 diterima. Dengan demikian variabel promosi berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian. Dari Uji F diperoleh nilai signifikansi untuk pengaruh Harga (X1), Kualitas Produk(X2), Promosi (X3), terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y) secara simultan nilai sig adalah sebesar 0,000 > 0,05 dan nilai fhitung 173.968 > ftabel 3,18 sehingga dapat sisimpulkan bahwa H5 diterima yang berarti terdapat pengaruh harga, kualitas produk, promosi, berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian.
Pengaruh jenis substrat berbeda dalam proses penggemukan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) di CV. Elitism NTT, Kelurahan Oesapa Barat, Kecamatan Kelapa Lima, Kota Kupang
Authors: Njuruhapa Rivaldo Alvadio , Linggi Yulianus , Liufeto Franchy Ch 
Published: March 2024

This research aims to determine how different types of substrate affect the duration of growth during the fattening phase of mud crabs (Scylla serrata). Carried out for one month at CV.Elitsm NTT, in West Oesapa Village, Kelapa Lima District, Kupang City. Randomized Block Design (RAK) was used in this research which consisted of four treatments and replications. The treatments given include: Muddy substrate with mangrove leaves (A), Muddy substrate (B), Mangrove leaf substrate (C), and Without substrate (D). The findings show that the use of muddy substrates with mangrove leaves provides the most beneficial results in accelerating the growth period during the mud crab fattening process. In 14 days after cultivation, the mud crabs were already developing well.

Keywords: Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata), fattening and substrate.
Analisis Finansial Tambak Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos) di Desa Dualaus. Kecamatan Kakuluk Mesak. Kabupaten Belu
Authors: Mau Antanika Sose , Sunadji Sunadji , Dahoklory Nicodemus 
Published: March 2024

The research was conducted for one month. namely on June 1 - July 1. 2023. located in Dualaus Village pond. Kakuluk Mesak District. Belu Regency. The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of milkfish farmers and the level of feasibility of milkfish pond business financially carried out by farmers in Fatuketi Village. as well as how to overcome obstacles in milkfish farming business. In this research. the methods applied include the use of Observation and Interview methods as a way to obtain primary and secondary data at the research site. The collected data were then analyzed through Characteristic Analysis and Feasibility Analysis. The results obtained by the characteristics of respondents include most of the ages of 40-60 years as much as (60%). with an average elementary school education as much as (60%) and the characteristics of respondents based on business experience mostly 21-30 years as much as (60%) who have run a milkfish rearing business that can produce 1094.8kg in one cultivation. The milkfish farming business in Dualaus Village is considered feasible to continue based on the analysis of the average profit of 37.263.000 break event points (BEP) with details of BEP (Kg) 2.086.45 kg and and BEP (RP) Rp. 20.963.64 / kg and (R / C) = 2.67. While the obstacles faced in Dualaus Village include the lack of water supply in the dry season in cultivation activities and the lack of water quality measuring instruments. So the solution in dealing with this is to ensure that the water level is at the minimum limit during the dry season and does not exceed the maximum limit in the rainy season. and provides water quality measurement tools and pest and disease management.

Keywords: Financial feasibility analysis. milkfish
Analisis finansial pada usaha budidaya rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii di Desa Akle, Kecamatan Semau Selatan, Kabupaten Kupang
Authors: Lilong Syuni Y , Sunadji Sunadji , Ratoe Oedjoe Marcelien Dj 
Published: March 2024

Kappaphycus alvarezii, a type of red algae from the Rhodophyta group, produces carrageenan which has various important uses in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other sectors. The global demand for carrageenan makes it a commodity that is in demand on the international market. This research aims to identify the characteristics of K. alvarezii seaweed cultivators, carry out financial analysis, and identify the obstacles faced and how to overcome them in the cultivation business. The research results show that the majority of cultivators in Akle Village have cultivation experience of around 11-19 years (48%), low education (31% have not completed elementary school), age range between 20-60 years (87.5 %), and the number of family dependents is 4 people (25%). The seaweed cultivation business in Akle Village, South Semau District, Kupang Regency is considered feasible to continue based on Break Even Point (BEP) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BC) analysis. The obstacles faced include disturbances from turtles, fish and ice-ice disease, which can be overcome by making fences from trawls and using superior seeds.
Keywords: Financial analysis, Kappaphycus alvarezii, respondent characteristics, constraints, seaweed.
PENGARUH EFIKASI DIRI DAN TEMAN SEBAYA TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR PADA MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI UNDANA
Authors: Amidah Amidah 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini berfokus pada kemandirian belajar yang menekankan pada kemampuan siswa dalam mengambil inisiatif sendiri, merancang, melakukan, serta mengevaluasi kegiatan belajarnya pada saat kegiatan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kontribusi efikasi diri dan teman sebaya terhadap pembelajaran secara mandiri. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada metode survei berdasarkan analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi berganda (SPSS 21) setelah melakukan kuesioner kepada 65 mahasiswa yang memberikan tanggapan. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut ditemukan bahwa efikasi diri berpengaruh terhadap kemandirian belajar yaitu . Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menjelaskan besar pengaruh teman sebaya terhadap kemandirian belajar yaitu . Sehingga secara simultan penelitian ini juga menjelaskan pengaruh efikasi diri (self-efficacy) dan teman sebaya berpengaruh terhadap kemandirian belajar, di mana dalam hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan yakni. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menjelaskan pengaruh yang yang positif signifikan.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN BELAJAR DAN LINGKUNGAN BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR EKONOMI SISWA KELAS XI IPS DI SMA NEGERI 2 NUBATUKAN
Authors: Tolok Theresia Kewinai , Saragih Fernando , Data Ari 
Published: March 2024

Latar belakang riset ini yakni prestasi belajar peserta didik yang rendah karena, tidak mengumpulkan tugas, alat pembelajaran di sekolah kurang lengkap, ekonomi keluarga kurang baik, didalam masyarakat sebagian besar anak usia sekolah yang tidak melanjutkan pendidikan. Riset ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Disiplin Belajar dan Lingkungan Belajar Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Ekonomi Siswa Kelas XI IPS di SMAN 2 Nubatukan. Populasi berjumlah 89 peserta didik, sampel sebanyak 73 peserta didik. Pengambilan sampel Proportional Sampling. Analisis regresi linear bergada adalah teknik analisis yang dipakai dalam riset ini, Y = 16,741 + 1,041 X₁ + 0,590 X₂ + e. Riset ini menunjukan bahwa disiplin belajar dan lingkungan belajar secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar ekonomi siswa kelas XI IPS di SMAN 2 Nubatukan, F-hitung>F-tabel (21,170>3,98) dan sig 0,000<0,05. Secara parsial disiplin belajar (X1) berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar ekonomi siswa kelas XI IPS di SMAN 2 Nubatukan (3,880>1,994), sig 0,000<0,05. Lingkungan belajar (X2) berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar ekonomi siswa kelas XI IPS di SMAN 2 Nubatukan, (2,219>1,994), sig 0,030<0,05. Pengaruh variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat 37,7% dan 62,3% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Pada Perusahaan Hero Supermarket Tbk. Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Bete Agustina , Manu Rolens Riwu , Data Ari 
Published: March 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah sebagai pengevaluasian kemampuan keuangan Perusahaan Hero Supermarket Tbk. menurut profitabilitas, solvabilitas, likuiditas dan aktivitas Metodologi deskriptif kuantitatif digunakan dalam jenis penelitian ini. Metode pengolahan informasi akan menguraikan perbandingan keuangan. Temuan Menurut penelitian, kemampuan keuangan Hero Supermarket Tbk. ada pada situasi yang jelek terlihat dari perbandingan likuiditas yang menggambarkan sebenarnya perbandinga lancar, perbandingan cepat, dan perbandingan kas perusahaan pada kondisi dibawah rata-rata. kemampuan keuangan Hero Supermarket Tbk. TDER dikatakan buruk berdasarkan rasio solvabilitas, tetapi TDTA dan LTDER berada dalam kondisi yang dapat diterima. kemampuan keuangan Hero Supermarket Tbk. ditilik dari perbandingan menguntungkan GPM dalam keadaan menguntungkan dan OPM, OR, dan NPM dalam keadaan tidak menguntungkan. kemampuan Keuangan Perseroan Berdasarkan rasio aktivitas, Hero Supermarket Tbk. ATO, RTO, FATO, ITO, dan WCTO semuanya dalam kondisi yang sangat menguntungkan, tetapi ATO dalam kondisi yang lebih buruk dari rata-rata.
Controlling the structure and composition of SnO2-based thin film with reactive sputtering to improve the sensitivity of semiconductor CO2 sensor
Authors: Maeda Takuto , Sugiyama Mutsumi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The sensitivity of SnO2 thin film-based CO2 gas sensors was enhanced by controlling the surface structure employing reactive sputtering during the deposition process to carefully adjust the oxygen partial pressure to modify the surface structure of the SnO2 films. This process increased the sensitivity, primarily due to larger surface area and improved gas adsorption capabilities. Furthermore, the effect of heterojunctions between p-type SnO and n-type SnO2 on the sensitivity was investigated using a model diagram. Both theoretical analysis and experimental data consistently demonstrated that the number of heterojunction interfaces contributes significantly to the sensitivity of SnO-SnO2 heterojunction gas sensors. These findings highlight the effectiveness of controlling the surface structure and composition ratio of thin films through reactive sputtering to enhance sensitivity. This study offers valuable insights for optimizing SnO2 thin-film-based gas sensors for CO2 detection.
Addressing Barriers to entry into international trade by SMEs in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mashizha Margaret , Gumbo Lillian , Chimwe Eusebia 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The study sought to establish strategies to address barriers to entry into international trade by SMEs in Harare. It was triggered by the need to increase the participation of Zimbabwean SMEs in foreign markets.
Research methodology: The research study adopted an explanatory approach using a survey strategy and data was collected from 322 registered SMEs in Harare using questionnaires. Data was analysed using SPSS 27 to calculate descriptive and inferential statistics and Chi-square tests, correlation, and regression analyses were used to address the research questions.
Results: Barriers to entry into international trade identified were a lack of managerial expertise and entrepreneurial skills and low advertising levels. The study recommends that SMEs increase the number of skilled personnel and develop SME management. SME management should also increase market knowledge and promote innovation to allow for SMEs to participate meaningfully in international trade.
Limitation: The study was limited to SMEs operating in Harare only. It was quantitative and explanatory.
Contribution: The study makes a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge by bringing to the fore strategies that could enhance the international participation of SMEs, which are the backbone of economic growth in Zimbabwe.
KEJADIAN STUNTING BALITA USIA 24-59 BULAN PADA KELUARGA BURUH TANI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SUMBANG 1
Authors: Aprilia Sukma Dwi , Budiono Irwan 
Published: March 2024

Angka kejadian stunting di Kabupaten Banyumas tahun 2021 mencapai 21,6%. Pada 2022 angka stunting di Puskesmas Sumbang 1 sebesar 16% dimana tahun 2023 memiliki target untuk menurunkan angka stunting menjadi 14%. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis faktor yang memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian stunting. Kebaharuan penelitian ini untuk memberikan masukan dan data terbaru terkait stunting pada instansi terkait serta penggabungan beberapa variabel dalam penelitian. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif observasional dengan desain case control. Jumlah total sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 30 responden pada masing-masing kelompok dengan menerapkan purposive sampling. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan variabel yang memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-59 bulan keluarga buruh tani di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sumbang 1 yaitu, tingkat kecukupan energi p=0,004 OR=5,67 (1,84-17,5), riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif p=0,002 OR 6,90 (2,16-22,0), riwayat pemberian makanan pendamping air susu ibu p=0,001 OR=8 (2,47-25,8), pendidikan ibu p=0,11 OR=5,68 (1,59-20,3), pendapatan keluarga p=0,006 OR=6,5 (1,82-23,2), jumlah anggota keluarga p=0,018 OR=4,2 (1,41-13,0), riwayat penyakit infeksi p=0,002 OR=6,9 (2,16-2,0), dan status ketahanan pangan keluarga p=0,039 OR=3,45 (1,195-9,9). Hasil analisis multivariat menyatakan bahwa pendapatan keluarga p=0,006 OR=8,511 (1,676-43,212) menjadi faktor yang paling memiliki interaksi paling kuat terhadap kejadian stunting. Kesimpulannya bahwa pendapatan keluarga adalah faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-59 bulan pada keluarga buruh tani di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sumbang 1.
PELATIHAN MEMBACA PUISI PADA SISWA DI SD NEGERI 99 BENGKULU SELATAN DESA PADANG LEBAR KECAMATAN PINO
Authors: Atmaja Loliek Kania , Manjato Ajat , Zakaria Jelita , Mahdijaya  , Suyuthie Hasmi 
Published: March 2024

Salah satu sasaran dari program kami dalam hal ini adalah anak-anak dengan rentang usia 8 hingga 15 tahun. Sebab hasil identifikasi kami menunjukkan rentannya daya eksplorasi anak di usia dini, serta minat bahkan daya kenal anak terhadap literasi cenderung minim. Teori yang kemudian menjadi objek kajian kami adalah teori ekplorasi bagi anak, dimana eksplorasi kemudian dapat memberikan kesempatan pada anak untuk melihat, memahami, merasakan, dan pada akhirnya membuat sesuatu yang menarik perhatian mereka. Disamping itu, pengabdian dengan metode ini dilakukan dengan tujuan meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat, dalam hal ini terutama anak-anak atas potensi yang ada pada mereka hingga sekaligus bisa mengembangkannya. Setelah pelatihan membaca puisi ini dilalui oleh anak-anak kondisi mereka menunjukkan progresivitas yang signifikan, rasa percaya diri yang mulanya tidak timbul kini mulai terbentuk, bakat dan minat yang mulanya masih jauh terpendam, kini mulai dengan berani mereka kenali. Anak-anak yang kerap kali oleh beberapa warga masyarakat disepelekan ternyata mampu memiliki tingkat kepercayaan diri yang tinggi terlebih dalam unjuk penampilannya diatas panggung, dihadapan banyak khalayak.
Generate Impressive Videos with Text Instructions: A Review of OpenAI Sora, Stable Diffusion, Lumiere and Comparable Models
Authors: Karaarslan Enis , Aydın Ömer 
Published: March 2024

The generation of videos from textual input poses a significant
computational challenge within computer science. Nonetheless, recent
advancements in text-to-video artificial intelligence (AI) technologies
have showcased notable progress within this domain. Foreseen
advancements in realistic video generation and data-driven physics
simulations are poised to further propel the field forward. The
emergence of text-to-video AI holds transformative potential across a
plethora of creative domains, including filmmaking, advertising, graphic
design, and game development, as well as within sectors such as social
media, influencer marketing, and educational technology. This research
study seeks to comprehensively review generative AI methodologies in
text-to-video synthesis, with an emphasis on large language models and
AI architectures. Multiple methods such as literature review, technical
evaluation and solution proposal were applied for this purpose.
Prominent models such as OpenAI Sora, Stable Diffusion, and Lumiere are
evaluated for their efficacy and architectural intricacies. However, the
pursuit of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is accompanied by a
myriad of challenges. These encompass the imperative to safeguard human
rights, prevent potential misuse, and protect intellectual property
rights. Ensuring the accuracy and integrity of the generated content is
paramount. The computationally intensive nature of transformer models
results in substantial electricity and water consumption, necessitating
the formulation of strategies to mitigate environmental and
computational costs to ensure long-term sustainability. This research
endeavors to explore potential avenues for addressing these challenges
and proposes solutions to advance environmental and computational
efficiency within the context of text-to-video AI.
Japanese Cave Site as a Historical Tourism Object in Aeramo Village, Aesesa District, Nagekeo Regency
Authors: Dhiki Katarina , Du'e Amalianus 
Published: March 2024

This study aims to find out the history of the Japanese cave site in Aeramo village, also to find out its current condition and efforts to maintenance and utilize the Japanese cave site as a historical tourist attraction. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The research was carried out at the Japanese cave site in Aeramo village, Aesesa district, Nagekeo Regency. Data was collected using direct observation techniques, unstructured interviews and documentation. Based on study results, it is known that the Japanese cave site in Aeramo village, which is located on Oki Sato hill and Oki Rane hill, was created during the Japanese occupation, which arrived in Mbay in 1942. Japanese cave sites are the result of forced labor (romusha) carried out by Japanese soldiers toward local communities. The current condition of Oki Sato Japanese cave seems poorly maintained like most abandoned buildings. While the Oki Rane Japanese cave is in fairly good condition. Maintenance efforts that have been carried out include building a wall to support the mouth of the cave, building a fence around the cave location, and planting trees (reforestation) around the hill.