bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der Aufwuchs im Längsschnitt der Talsperre Saidenbach
Authors: Petersohn D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe structure of periphyton or “Aufwuchs” communities is sensitive to environmental conditions. It was proposed that periphyton biomass might similarly reflect differences in measured chemical variables between 5 sampling stations in the Saidenbach reservoir. Longitudinal gradients of periphyton biomass could be shown.
Bestimmung von Spurenmetallen im Ostseewasser durch elektroanalytische‐ und AAS‐Methoden
Authors: Brügmann H. , Gian T. X. , Berge H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBetween November 1985 and October 1986 20 water samples were taken off at Rostock‐Warnemünde and analyzed by optimized electroanalytical and atomic absorption spectroscopical (AAS) methods on lead, cadmium, copper and zinc. Determinations by AAS were carried out following extraction of those metals as APDC/DDDC chelate complexes with freon and their back‐extraction into diluted nitric acid. Electroanalytical determinations were performed by stripping voltammetry (IV) with mercury film electrodes on glassy carbon together with differential pulse polarographic (DP) recording with (DPIV/UV) and without preceding UV‐photolytic treatment (DPIV) of the samples. The observed concentrations increased in the order DPIV – DPIV/UV – AAS. In the order Cd – Pb – Zn – Cu those fractions of metals increase which only become available for the electroanalysis following mineralization of natural organic material by UV.
Toxicity and long term effects of a sublethal concentration of cadmium on the growth of the fingerlings of Ophiocephalus punctatus (BL.)
Authors: Shukla J. P. , Pandey K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe LC50 for exposure of 48 and 96 h is 34.64 and 18.5 mg/l Cd2+, respectively. During the exposure to 3.5 mg/l Cd2+ from the 13th day significant differences of length and mass occur with respect to the control. Over a total of 31 days of experiment the reduction of growth rates is 11% for the longitudinal growth and 16% for the increase in weight.
Auswahl der Inkubationszeit bei Bestimmung der Belebtschlammaktivität mit Hilfe des TTC‐Tests
Authors: Miksch K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe general assumption that the quantity of the formazan formed is linearly proportional to the time of incubation cannot be confirmed in practice. A formation of formazan which is too low initially is due to the initially passive transport of TTC to the sites of action. A formazan formation which is initially very high occurs through non‐enzymatic reduction of TTC by reducing substances in the environment outside the bacterial cells. During longer periods of incubation, especially during toxicological tests, the substrate may get exhausted, so that less formazan will be formed. For the correct determination of the dehydrogenase activity by means of TTC it is necessary to determine the period of incubation within which the increase of formazan is linearly proportional to time. The dehydrogenase activity can be exactly determined only from this period of time of incubation.
Biochemical study of the gonads of Mystus vittatus exposed to the fertilizer NPK during the spawning season. Part 1: Carbohydrates
Authors: Narain A. S. , Pande R. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe gonads of spawning Mystus vittatus exposed for 96 h to the LC50‐96 h dose (i.e. 550 ppm) of NPK, the agricultural fertilizer, were biochemically analysed for their carbohydrate content. The glucose and glycogen contents of the spawning fish were found to be lowered significantly, and the total carbohydrate and lactic acid contents altered insignificantly, under the pollutional stress. The stressed fish also exhibited the presence of some additional free sugars within their gonads.
Localization of Branchial Enzymes and their Significance in the Detection of Crude Oil Toxicity in Colisa fasciatus
Authors: Prasad M. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of crude oil on the histochemical localization of branchial enzymes CA, SDH, LDH, Alkpase and Acidpase was investigated in Colisa fasciatus. The activity of all the enzymes experimented here was found to have decreased when treated with the lethal solutions of crude oil except the LDH which showed an increasing trend throughout the experiment. A transitory increase in the CA and SDH was observed in the beginning but reached an almost normal level after 48 h in 1000 ppm. On the basis of sensitiveness towards crude oil toxicity, the enzymes have been arranged in the following order: LDH > SDH > CA > Alkpase > Acidpase.The results suggest that crude oil is capable of impairing the enzyme activity. The decreased or increased level of enzymes may be used as an indicator for assessing the toxicity of oil pollutants.
Bestimmung von Organochlorpestiziden in Schlämmen und Sedimenten
Authors: Huschek G. , Beerbalk H. O. , Werner G. , Engewald W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method for the determination of organohalogens by gas chromatography using electron capture (EDC) and mass‐spectrometric (MS) detection was developed for sediments from lakes and sludges of water treatment plants. The method was described and separate techniques for sample preparation were investigated to compare the retrieval rates and the best approach to the “real value”. With the help of solid‐liquid‐phase‐ and liquid‐liquid‐phase extraction sulphur, most of the organosulphur compounds and carbon acids were effectively removed. The compounds were identified by comparing temperature programmed retention indices with those of reference compounds and by high‐resolution GC/MS.
Die Massenentwicklung der Geißelalge Uroglena americana (Alk.) Lemm in Trinkwassertalsperren Thüringens und ihre Bekämpfung
Authors: Loth P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA mass development of Uroglena americana with cellular densities of up to 13.5 · 106 and 86.106 cells/l, was observed in two drinking‐water reservoirs. In the first case the development remained confined to the upper 20 m, in the second case there occurred a gradual shift of the maximum to deeper zones from May to July with decreasing cellular densities down to a depth of 35 m. Laboratory experiments for the control of the algae development were performed in order to protect the drinking‐water resources from potential impairments of odour and taste. Samples of the storage‐reservoir water with 20.106 cells/l of Uroglena were concentrated up to 1.25 … 12.5 mg/l Ca(OH)2 (pH‐values of 7.2 … 9.6) by addition of calcium hydroxide and observed for 39 h. First impairment of the cells of Uroglena is detectable at 5 mg/l Ca(OH)2 after 15 h, an immediate effect can be observed at 7.5 mg/l Ca(OH)2 together with increased sedimentation, also Gymnodinium and Cryptomonas having been damaged. Thereupon a successful control of Uroglena by liming up to pH‐values above 8.0 is possible. The application of lime to outdoor areas was not necessary, in the final analysis, since the drinking‐water quality could be secured by the optimum choice of the intake depth of raw water with a maximum of 4.103 to 77.103 cells/l.
Zur Charakterisierung von Aktivkohlen durch die Zersetzung von Wasserstoffperoxid
Authors: Radeke K.‐H. , Jonas S. , Spitzer P. , Jung R. , Neffe S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn search for a suitable and fast analytical method for assessing kinds of activated carbon for water purification there were carried out investigations with hydrogen peroxide. According to their catalytic activity, the various kinds of activated carbon are capable of decomposing hydrogen peroxide to different degrees and at different rates. The released oxygen can be determined volumetrically. The results of investigation obtained on always fresh carbon samples with acid and basic groups were discussed on the basis of the velocity constants of the oxygen development. An assessment of quality would be possible, in principle, but the surface characteristic of the kinds of carbon is considerably superimposed by influences of morphology, so that applying this method is advised against.
Purification of Drinking Water (Municipal Water Supply) by Activated Charcoal, Potassium Permanganate and Silica Gel Beds Vis a vis to Bleaching Powder and Its Effects on Fish Life
Authors: Lakshmi Smt. , Srivastava A. K. , Mishra A. N. , Pandey K. N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA novel method has been developed to purify the municipal water. A pH of 7.05 has been achieved, which is suitable for the drinking purpose. Heavy metal, Pb2+ ions, have been removed to the extent of 0.074 mg/l. This purified water also saves the life of fishes. At the same time the use of bleaching powder in purifying municipal water has been avoided due to its hazardous effect even on fishes.
Seasonal Flux of Nonstructural Carbohydrate in Five Species of Submerged Macrophytes in a Precambrian Shield Lake. Part 1: Effect of Light and Water Depth
Authors: Sutherland‐Guy C. , Pip E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSummary: Soluble carbohydrate and starch were examined in shoots of Ceratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadensis, Myriophyllum exalbescens, Potamogeton foliosus and P. zosteriformis in Shoal Lake (Manitoba–Ontario) during the 1985 season. A wide range of variation was found for the same species on any given day among different sampling stations at the same depth. Correlations of each of total soluble carbohydrate and starch with water depth were inconsistent on any given day, although inverse correlations were more common. In M. exalbescens, roots consistently contained more soluble carbohydrate than shoots. The soluble carbohydrate fraction of all species contained glucose, fructose and sucrose. However C. demersum also contained significant and relatively constant proportions of melibiose, raffinose and stachyose. Starch content decreased during the season in C. demersum but increased in P. foliosus and P. zosteriformis shoots. E. canadensis and M. exalbescens showed no significant seasonal trends. Starch comprised 30 … 85 % of the total nonstructural carbohydrate in the 5 species. Seasonal carbohydrate and starch concentrations were not significantly correlated with each other in any of the macrophytes examined. The proportion of starch relative to the total nonstructural carbohydrate increased during the season in P. foliosus and P. zosteriformis.
Qualitätsprobleme bei der Gewinnung von uferfiltriertem Grundwasser in Ungarn
Authors: László F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSummary: In Hungary a large proportion of the drinking‐water demand is met by bank filtration. Especially the middle section of the Danube stretch is used for drinking‐water supply, also for the capital Budapest (310 · 106 m3/a). The considerable pollutant load imported, anyhow, is increased by several Hungarian sources of contamination. The Danube has such a high self purifying capacity that, among other things, the annual COD‐Mn load by the city of Budapest amounting to 140,000 t is degraded to such a level that the export of organic pollutants in the Danube from Hungary is not greater than the import. Heavy metals get into the bank filtrate through organic complexing agents. Also organochlorine compounds and their precursors were quantitatively determined. In Budapest water is treated with ozone, activated carbon and open high‐rate filtration.
Atomabsorptionsspektrometrische Metallbestimmung in natürlichen Gewässern und Abwässern
Authors: Gontscharowa N. N. , Speiser G. M. , Wanowa E. I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the aid of the Soviet atomic‐absorption two‐channel spectrometer “Saturn” successful attempts were made to improve the sensitivity of the heavy‐metal determination after the previous two‐step separation and concentration technique. Compared with other combustible gases, the propane/nitrogen‐oxide flame is preferred. Because of the possibility of the direct determination of the heavy metals in the water samples the duration of analyses could be reduced by fifty per cent. Besides the heavy‐metal analytics, a rapid‐determination technique for calcium and magnesium was developed. The results of the different determination techniques and the ranges of measurement are given in several tables.
Antibiotic Resistance and Transferable R Plasmids in Coliforms from a Polluted Estuary
Authors: Umaran A. , Garaizer J. , Cisterna R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work was to find out how far the Nervion Estuary serves as a reservoir of R plasmids and/or for their dissemination. The fecal pollution bacterial indicator population was estimated along the estuary and 167 coliform isolates were assayed for resistance to 16 antibiotics. About sixty‐nine per cent of the coliform isolates were antibiotic‐resistant and forty‐two per cent of these were simultaneously resistant to three or more of 16 antibiotics tested. Furthermore, 31.5% of enterobacterial strains resistant to any of the antibiotics tested could transfer their resistance determinants in conjugal matings. Most of the transferred plasmids confer resistance to ampicillin or to other β‐lactamic antibiotics and several codify resistance to tetracyclin, chloramphenicol of fosfomycin. Taking account of the coliforms density found and the ratio of these isolates able to transfer R plasmids, an average of 5 × 103 coliform strains able to transfer R plasmids in 100 ml of water was obtained. This amount must indicate a significant potential public health risk because these polluted waters get into an area with intensive fishing and recreational use.
Use of Catalytic Metal‐Polyethylene Imine Complexes and Recovered Polymeric Sorbents for the Chemisorptive Removal of Polyphenols and Phenols
Authors: Stom D. I. , Butina N. P. , Shakhova G. V. , Khangurov A. V. , Pshezhetskii V. S. , Koryakovtsev A. A. , Gavrilova E. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInvestigations of the chemisorptive properties of polyethylene imine with respect to phenol compounds have been carried out. It has been established that in the reaction of polyethylene imine with phenol compounds a three‐dimensional polymer is formed by cross‐linking and precipitates. The use of transition metal‐polyethylene imine complexes accelerates the oxidation of intermediates of the quinoid type. Results have been obtained in studying the spectral characteristics of the products of the reaction of phenols and quinones with polyethylene imine and catalytic metal‐(II)‐polyethylene imine complexes. The kinetic study of this process has shown the reaction to obey a first‐order equation.The use of a recovered sorbent, the cystein‐pretreated anion‐exchanger AB‐17‐8, for the sorption and further oxidation of phenols and quinones by the substitution of a cystein anion containing an SH‐group for an ion‐exchange polymer anion has been studied. It is suggested to employ sodium sulfite instead of cystein in order to reduce the cost of treatment and analysis of waste waters with high phenol and quinone contents.
Biomanipulation im Experimentalgewässer Gräfenhain: Veränderte direkte und indirekte Effekte nach fünfjähriger Versuchsdauer
Authors: Köhler J. , Köhler A. , Benndorf J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractZooplankton‐eating fish had been completely eliminated by stocking with predacious fish in 1981 and consecutive years in a small Experimental water (flooded quarry, surface area 0.044 ha, mean depth 7 m). The short‐term response of the plankton community to this food‐web manipulation was reported by Benndorf et al. (1984). The present paper analyses the response of the ecosystem during the fifth year of stable biomanipulation (1985) and compares these findings with the situation during the first biomanipulation year (1981) as well as with the prebiomanipulation state of the ecosystem (1979, 1980). The situation in 1985 differs in many aspects from that in 1981: (1) Abundance of Chaoborus flavicans has increased, most of the larvae do not longer hide in the sediment during daytime, (2) the mean summer biomass of herbivorous zooplankton has decreased, (3) the mean individual body weigth of crustaceans has further increased; small Daphnia hyalina and D. cucullata were replaced by larger D. longispina and D. pulex, (4) the dominating herbivores (D. longispina and Eudiaptomus gracilis) do not longer migrate to deeper layers during daytime, (5) small and medium‐sized age classes of D. longispina show „Nackenzähne”︁ as a mechanism of defence against Chaoborus, (6) the percentage of inedible algae has further increased, which shows that the grazing pressure on phytoplankton was enhanced. The Secchi depth was in 1985 almost as high as in 1981. The only important criterion which has not changed from 1979 to 1985 was phytoplankton biomass. Obviously, phytoplankton biomass is controlled by nutrients and light rather than by zooplankton grazing. The results emphasize that the internal ecological time‐lag mechanisms must be taken into consideration in food‐web manipulation and that short‐term investigations are not an appropriate basis to draw conclusions with respect to the new stable state of the ecosystem.
Habitat Ecology of Anisopteran Nymphs in Certain Water Bodies of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Kaushik S. , Sharma S. , Saxena M. N. , Saksena D. N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnisopteran nymphs of certain water bodies at various locations in Madhya Pradesh in relation to certain ecological conditions were studied. In all twenty‐one species belonging to four different families were identified. Mostly they were found in shallow running water having a considerably sandy bottom and an abundance of vegetation. Anisogomphus occipitalis, Burmogomphus sivalikensis, Mesogomphus lineatus, Macromia moorei, Orthetrum taeniolatum, Trithemis aurora, Trithemis festiva and Tholymis tillarga were found in waters at higher altitude. Brachythemis contaminata, Macromia sp. and Orthetrum sp. were observed in water bodies at lower altitude. Orthetrum pruinosum neglectum, Orthetrum brunneum brunneum, Orthetrum sabina sabina, Anax immaculifrons, Potomarcha obscura, Potomarcha sp., Crocothemis servilia servilia, Zyxomma petiolatum were found commonly at higher as well as lower altitudes. At higher altitude Orthetrum taeniolatum, Tholymis tillarga and in plains Orthetrum sp., Macromia sp., Brachythemis contaminata and at higher as well as lower altitudes Anax guttatus, Potomarcha sp. were found in organically polluted water bodies. Macromia moorei, however, preferred cool waters with a sandy bottom. Orthetrum taeniolatum and Tholymis tillarga are indicative of highly alkaline water. Zyxomma petiolatum, though present at higher altitude and in plains, also preferred decaying plant debris. These nymphal communities were found in a great variety of habitats and in association with an abundance of algae and macrophytes.
Comparative Quality of Potable Waters at Bhagalpur, India
Authors: Saha L. C. , Kumar S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present study deals with the comparative quality of potable waters of different sources at Bhagalpur, India, which is located on the south bank of river Ganga at 87°02′ N latitude and 25°15′ E longitude. Surface water (river Ganga) receives a number of drains and domestic wastewater outlets. The municipal surface water gets severely contaminated by rusted, damaged parallel pipelines and the groundwater through seepage from septic tanks, drains and a deep sewerage system. The contaminants from these sources have deteriorated the quality of potable water by increasing the concentration of turbidity (40 NTU), nitrate‐N (42.5 ppm), total bacterial density (21.649 × 107/l) and MPN coliform (12,900/100 ml). The higher concentration of nitrate‐N, chloride and the presence of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa indicated the faecal contamination.
Periphyton in a Stabilization System
Authors: Sládečková A. , Sládeček V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeriphyton consisting of decomposers, producers and consumers proved to be an excellent indicator of the water quality in the course of selfpurification of dairy wastes in a stabilization system consisting of 3 reservoirs in Dvorec near Nepomuk. The periphyton growing on natural substrata was sampled three times, analyzed microscopically, and the saprobic index was derived. Some interesting decomposers were shown on a plate.
Toxicity of Mercuri to Mudskipper, Boleophthalmus dentatus (Cuv. and Val.). Part 1: Changes in the Activity of ATPases in Gills
Authors: Lakshmi R. , Kundu R. , Mansuri A. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present paper deals with the toxicity of mercuric chloride on gill ATPases in the mudskipper, Boleophthalmus dentatus. Fishes were exposed to four sublethal concentrations of mercuric chloride for three durations. The activity of total, Na+, K+; Ca2+; Mg2+; Ca2+; HCO3−; Mg2+, HCO3−‐ATPases was estimated. Results showed inhibition of almost all the enzymes in all concentrations for all durations of exposure. The inhibition increased with increasing HgCl2 concentrations as well as exposure durations. This inhibition probably blocked the transport of substances across the membrane by active transport and brought a total failure of the osmoregulatory mechanism in gills.
Effect of pH on Adsorption Equilibria for Dissolved Weak Organic Electrolytes on Activated Carbon
Authors: Seidel A. , Radeke K.‐H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe influence of pH on the adsorption equilibria of a‐picolin and phenol from aqueous solution on activated carbon is studied experimentally for the single solutes and their mixtures. For these weak bases and weak acids the effect of pH on adsorption capacity is contrary, thus allowing an efficient separation by adsorption.A model based on the concept of competitive adsorption of ionic and molecular forms of the organic electrolytes represents the experimental data qualitatively. Deviations between theoretical and experimental results are discussed on the basis of possible interactions of the organic solutes and the activated carbon with components of the buffer used in the experiments.
Relationship between Quantitative Indices of Individual and Digestive Cell Conditions in the Common Mussel, Mytilus edulis L., from the Biscay Coast
Authors: Agirregoikoa M. G. , Pérez M. A. , Marigómez J. A. , Angulo E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSome data based on quantitative measurements at the individual and histological levels have been compared in four different populations of Mytilus edulis from the Biscay coast. Each population has been divided into two groups, corresponding to animals living at high and low tide levels. Biometric measurements show evident differences between samples from these two groups at all the studied stations. This should be the result of a distinct adaptation to hydric stress. On the other hand, a positive correlation between the flesh condition (FC) index: and the mean epithelial thickness (MET) of digestive tubules has been found. So, authors conclude that both FC and MET are good populational stress indices, and the use of both parameters simultaneously can be helpful in the assessment of environmental stress.