bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Hydroxyl Radical Production and Their Reactivity with Ethanol in the Presence of Photoexcited Semiconductors
Authors: Noda Hiroyuki , Oikawa Kazuo , Ohya-Nishiguchi Hiroaki , Kamada Hitoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
ESR spin trapping technique has been applied to determine the quantum efficiency of the hydroxyl radical production from semiconductors such as anatase and rutile TiO2, WO3, and ZnO photoexcited with a 365 nm UV lamp in water and aqueous H2O2 solution. The quantum efficiency for anatase TiO2, rutile TiO2, and WO3 in H2O2 solution was 3—4 times larger than that in water. Its maximum values, 4.6% in water and 14.8% in 1 mmol dm−3 H2O2 solution were obtained from anatase TiO2. The reaction of the hydroxyl radical from photoexcited semiconductors with ethanol has been investigated in relation to the C-centered radical production in aqueous ethanol solution. The possible photocatalytic redox mechanisms are discussed concerning the reactions caused by photoinduced electron-hole pairs and produced radicals.
Vibronic Analysis of the ca. 400 nm Band of the Phenoxy Radical within the Approximation of the Weak Coupling Limit
Authors: Takahashi Junko , Shida Tadamasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of vibronic coupling on the absorption band at ca. 400 nm as well as on the Raman spectrum of the phenoxy radical (The IUPAC nomenclature recommends phenoxyl. However, in spectroscopic studies most authors prefer phenoxy to phenoxyl.) is examined by ab initio MO calculations within the framework of the adiabatic approximation. The vibronic coupling effect is represented in terms of the linear non-Condon term in the analysis of the absorption band and in terms of the B-term in the Raman study. The inclusion of the coupling effect improves theoretical spectra fits to experimental spectra.
Electric Conductivity Analysis of Micellar Solution of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Authors: Moroi Yoshikiyo , Matsuoka Keisuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electric conductivities at 298.2 K of sodium dodecyl sulfate solution above the cmc were analyzed from the concentrations of counterion, surfactant ion, and micelle based upon the mass action model of monodisperse micelle formation, where the three micellization parameters (log Kn = 230, n = 64, and m = 46.7) were employed. The ionic conductivity of micelle was found to be inconsistent not only with the micellar size of the identical charge but also with the conductivity of the dynamic radius of micelle of the identical charge. The inconsistencies could be solved by the hopping reaction of counterions between micelles through the overlapping of ionic diffuse double layers around micelle that takes place when two micelles come close together. The hopping reaction was found to start when the distance between micelles becomes less than 5 times the Debye length.
Solvent Extraction of Lanthanoids(III) and Yttrium(III) with N-Alkylcarbonyl-N-(4-chlorophenyl)hydroxylamines
Authors: Saitoh Tohru , Okuyama Manabu , Minagawa Madoka , Kamidate Tamio , Watanabe Hiroto , Haraguchi Kensaku 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
We investigated the effect of halogen substitution of N-alkylcarbonyl-N-phenylhydroxylamines on the extraction of lanthanoids(III). A p-chloro substituent of a phenyl group increased the acidity of R-PHAs by 0.3—0.5 pKa units, and a bromo substituent on the α carbon of the acyl group increased it by 1.5 pKa units. In the former substitution, the separation factor for pairs of lanthanoids(III) and yttrium(III) remained unchanged, whereas in the latter the separation factor was considerably reduced. Hence, the chloro substitution at the phenyl group was a good choice for lowering pH values in the extraction of lanthanoids(III). The pH region was suitable for extracting lanthanoids(III) while preventing the formation of their hydroxo complexes.
Volume Changes on the Conversion from Quinquedentate EDTA Complexes of Co(III) and Cr(III) into Sexidentate Complexes
Authors: Yoshitani Kouzou 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For the conversion from quinquedentate complexes, [Co(edtaH)(H2O)] and [Co(edta)(H2O)]−, into the sexidentate complex, [Co(edta)]−, the respective volume changes were measured from the density data at 25 °C. The volume change was determined as well for the proton dissociation of [Cr(edtaH)(H2O)]. A comparison of the volume changes in the Co(III) system with the corresponding Cr(III) system supports the recent view that edta forms a sexidentate complex with Cr(III) in the pH 3.5—6.5 range.
Intercalation of p-Aminobenzylated and Dimethylammoniomethylated Calix[4]areneoctols by Cu(II)–Montmorillonite
Authors: Kijima Tsuyoshi , Kato Yoshikuni , Ohe Kaoru , Machida Masato , Matsushita Yohichi , Matsui Takanao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The uptake of two different types of cationic calix[4]areneoctols by Cu(II)–montmorillonite was studied at 25 °C. p-Aminobezylated calix[4]areneoctol 1 forms an intercalated phase in which the guest molecules are arranged as a 10.8 Å thick monolayer, with a cone-type conformation and with their cavity axes perpendicular to the inorganic layers. Thermogravimetric and copper(II) release data suggest that the calixareneoctol molecules are taken up in their divalent form and act as a prop to yield a vacant space of 42% in interlayer porosity. The molecules of dimethylammoniomethylated calix[4]areneoctol 2 are also intercalated as a monolayer, but initially in their divalent form and finally in the di- and mono-valent mixed form to fully occupy the interlayer space. The striking contrast between the two calixareneoctols as guest species is substantially due to the difference in bulkiness of their ammonio-substituted groups.
Crystal Structures of Cobalt(III) Complexes Containing 1,1,1-Tris(dimethylphosphinomethyl)ethane (mmtp), [CoCl3(mmtp)] and [Co(CN)3(mmtp)]·2H2O
Authors: Kashiwabara Kazuo , Kita Masakazu , Fujita Junnosuke , Kurachi Saeko , Ohba Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structures of [CoCl3(mmtp)] (mmtp = 1,1,1-tris(dimethylphosphinomethyl)ethane) (complex 1) and [Co(CN)3(mmtp)]·2H2O (complex 2) were determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Crystal data and final R values are; for complex 1, orthorhombic, P21nb (c, a, b setting of Pna21), a = 13.545(1), b = 13.875(1), c = 9.315(1) Å, V = 1750.7(3) Å3, Dx = 1.58, Dm = 1.57(3) g cm−3, and Z = 4, and R = 0.046 for 1999 reflections. For complex 2, orthorhombic, P21nb, a = 14.345(2), b = 15.330(2), c = 9.229(1) Å, V = 2029.4(4) Å3, Dx = 1.39, Dm = 1.35(2) g cm−3, and Z = 4, and R = 0.039 for 2715 reflections. The Co–P bond distances of av 2.203(2) Å for complex 1 and of av 2.228(1) Å for complex 2 are fairly shorter than those (av 2.331(9) Å) in [Co(mmtp)2][Co(CN)6]·2.25H2O, in which the Co–P bonds are mutually in the trans positions, indicating the strong trans influence of the phosphino group.
Chemistry of Phosphorus Ylides, 131 Reactions with Phosphacumulenes. VII: Novel Synthesis of Pyridazinones and Pyridazinethiones from the Reaction of Cumulated Phosphorus Ylides with Monohydrazones of α-Diketones, Acenaphthenequinone, and Indantrione
Authors: Soliman Fouad M , Yakout El-Sayed M , Said Medhat M 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The behavior of the reactive phosphacumulenes 2a,b, towards different α-diketone monohydrazones 1, 5, 11, and 13, acenaphthenequinone monohydrazone 8 and indantrione monohydrazone 16 has been studied. In some cases the resulted phosphoranes directly cyclize by an intramolecular Wittig reaction with the formation of pyridazinones 4a, 6, 9, 12, and 17 and pyridazinethione 4b. Structure of the new products were assigned according to consistent analytical and spectroscopic data.
The Chemiluminescent Cycloreversion of an Anthracene-Benzene Biplanemer System both in the Solid State and in the Liquid State
Authors: Kimura Masaru , Okamoto Hideki , Kashino Setsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the thermal [4+4]cycloreversions of 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid-benzene 3a, methyl 9-anthracenecarboxylate-benzene 3b, dimethyl (or diethyl) 9,10-anthracenedicarboxylate-benzene 3c (or 3d) and anthracene-1,4-difluoro(or dichloro)benzene 3f (or 3g) biplanemers, chemiluminescene was observed for 3a—d only in the solid state at &gt; 120 °C but not in a liquid phase, while 3f and 3g were not chemiluminescent. Efficient chemiluminescence was observed in the photocycloreversion of all biplanemers tested in both phases. The thermodynamic parameters for the thermal cycloreversion of these biplanemers were collected. Higher activation energies were obtained in the solid state than in the liquid phase. The higher energies favor touch of the S0 surface with the S1 surface at the transition state for effecting the chemiluminescent cycloreversion.
Ytterbium Trifluoromethanesulfonate Mediated Cross-Aldol Reaction between Ketones and Aldehydes
Authors: Fukuzawa Shin-ichi , Tsuchimoto Teruhisa , Kanai Takeshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The cross-aldol reaction between a ketone and an aldehyde proceeded smoothly with threo diastereoselection favorably mediated by ytterbium trifluoromethanesulfonate and tertiary amine in diethyl ether or in dichloromethane. A ytterbium enolate was trapped with chlorotrimethylsilane to afford a silyl enol ether.
Effect of Arsenious and Arsenic Acids on the Chemiluminescence of Luminol in the Absence of Hydrogen Peroxide and Its Analytical Application
Authors: Sakai Hiroyuki , Fujiwara Terufumi , Kumamaru Takahiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Arsenious and arsenic acids caused an increase in the chemiluminescence of luminol even in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. Based on the finding, a new flow injection chemiluminescence method was developed for determination of arsenic(III,V). Applicability to biological materials containing arsenic is also demonstrated.
Antioxidant Activity of the Fused Heterocyclic Compounds, 2,3,7,8-Thianthrenetetrols
Authors: Nishiyama Tomihiro , Taira Toshifumi , Kagimasa Toshio , Yamamura Tatsuo , Yamada Fukiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The antioxidant activities of thianthrene-2,3,7,8-tetrols were evaluated with an oxygen-absorption method at 60 °C for tetralin. Its antioxidant activities were 4.2—6.6 times the activity of α-tocopherol.
Isomerization of Cyclooctene and Cyclododecene Oxides Catalyzed by Solid Acids and Bases
Authors: Arata Kazushi , Nakamura Hideo , Nakamura Yuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title reactions were carried out over seven catalysts. From cyclooctene oxide a large amount of 7-octenal was formed together with 3-cycloocten-1-ol over SiO2–Al2O3 and SiO2–TiO2, 3-cycloocten-1-ol over solid H3PO4, and cyclooctanone over FeSO4. Most catalysts except for NiSO4, Al2O3, and TiO2–ZrO2 produced 1,3-cyclododecadiene, cyclododecanone, and 2-cyclododecen-1-ol uniformly from cyclododecene oxide. Allylic alcohols were preferentially given by Al2O3 and TiO2–ZrO2.
Resolution and Peel Adhesion Strength of Photoelectrochemically Plated Copper Layers onto a TiO2-Adhered Alumina Substrate
Authors: Morishita Shinya , Suzuki Ken-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The resolution and peel adhesion strength of photoelectrochemically plated copper layers onto a TiO2-adhered alumina substrate were investigated. The smallest line width was ca. 50 μm. The highest peel adhesion strength of the plated copper layer was attained with a heat-treatment on the TiO2-adhered-alumina substrate before plating.
Discovery of the Activated-Carbon Radical AC+ and the Novel Oxidation-Reactions Comprising the AC/AC+ Cycle as a Catalyst in an Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kimura Masaru , Miyamoto Ikuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The oxidation reaction of the cobalt(II) complex [Co(edta)]2− to [Co(edta)]− (edta4− = ethylenediaminetetraacetate ion) occurred efficiently by hydrogen peroxide or peroxodisulfate with activated carbon (AC) in aqueous media of pH 4.7, where the AC acts as a catalyst of the electron-transfer mediator. The oxidation reaction constitutes a chain reaction comprising the AC/AC+ cycle, in which the oxidation reaction is initiated by an electron-transfer from AC to hydrogen peroxide or peroxodisulfate to make radicals of AC+ and OH•, or SO4−•. These radicals could rapidly oxidize [Co(edta)]2− to [Co(edta)]−. The rate of the oxidation reaction is of first-order with respect to the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (or peroxodisulfate) and the AC amounts added, and of zero-order to [Co(edta)]2− under the conditions. Further, the rate was unrelated to the dissolved O2. In the case of hydrogen peroxide, it could be decomposed by the AC, even in the absence of [Co(edta)]2−, according to the first-order with respect to the hydrogen peroxide concentration; the rate constant was 2-fold of the rate constant in the presence of [Co(edta)]2−. However, in the case of peroxodisulfate, no appreciable decomposition of the S2O82− was found in the absence of [Co(edta)]2−, and the decomposition rate in the presence of [Co(edta)]2− was 104-fold faster than the rate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition under the same conditions. Consequently, it is concluded that the AC acts in a way similar to iron(II) ion in the Fenton-reagent.
Synthetic and Physicochemical Studies of Polymeric Homotrimetallic Complexes Involving [(8-Hydroxy-5-quinolyl)imino]mercaptoacetic Acid
Authors: El-Gahami Mohamed A 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Coordination polymers of [(8-hydroxy-5-quinolyl)imino]mercaptoacetic acid have been prepared with the metal ions, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+. The polymeric complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, TGA, molar conductance as well as electronic and IR spectral measurements. It was found that the ligand behaves as a triprotic tetradentate one. The coordination takes place through the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the quinolinol moiety as well as through the mercapto and carboxyl groups of the mercaptoacetic acid. The analytical data depict the formation of complex compounds with the stoichiometry 3 : 2 (metal : ligand). Tetrahedral stereochemical configuration is suggested for these polymeric complexes.
Interactions of Chiral Ru(II) Complexes with Calf Thymus DNA as Studied by Circular Dichroism and Electric Dichroism Measurements
Authors: Kyaw Naing , Takahashi Masayuki , Taniguchi Masahiro , Yamagishi Akihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The interactions of the enantiomers of [Ru(bpy)2(phi)]Cl2 and [Ru(phen)2(phi)]Cl2 (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and phi = 9,10-phenanthrenequinone diimine) with calf thymus DNA were studied by spectroscopic titrations, circular dichroism, and electric linear dichroism methods. These complexes bound to DNA with binding constants greater than 104 M−1. From the CD and LD spectra, the phi ligands of both complexes are concluded to be intercalated between the basepairs of DNA.
Synthetic Photochemistry. LXIV. Mild Base-Induced retro-Benzilic-Acid Rearrangement of Isolated proto-Photocycloadducts of Methyl 2,4-Dioxopentanoate to Terpinolene. Facile Synthesis of α-Chamigrene and α-Chamigren-3-one
Authors: Hatsui Toshihide , Wang Jin-Jun , Takeshita Hitoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the photoaddition reaction of terpinolene with methyl 2,4-dioxopentanoate, the products derived from the tetrasubstituted C=C were four proto-[2+2] photocycloadducts, together with ene reaction products. When these proto-cycloadducts were treated with aqueous sodium carbonate, a facile retro-benzilic acid rearrangement to form substituted cyclopentenone derivatives occurred. The product from the other trisubstituted C=C was an ordinary retro-aldol product of the [2+2] cycloadduct and an ene reaction product. One of the proto-photocycloadducts was transformed into α-chamigren-3-one and further to α-chamigrene.
Radical Alkylation of Heteroaromatic Bases with Polysilane Compounds
Authors: Togo Hideo , Hayashi Ken , Yokoyama Masataka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Alkyl halides were treated with protonated heteroaromatic bases in the presence of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-2,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)trisilane under photochemical conditions to give the corresponding alkylated heteroaromatic bases easily. The alkylation of protonated heteroaromatic bases with 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-2-(trimethylsilyl)trisilane proceeded effectively under photochemical conditions or thermal conditions. The present method is the first report on the alkylation of heteroaromatic bases under non-oxidative conditions.
The Use of Organic Solvent Systems in the Yeast Mediated Reduction of Ethyl Acetoacetate
Authors: Jayasinghe Leonard Y , Kodituwakku Devika , Smallridge Andrew J , Trewhella Maurie A 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reduction of ethyl acetoacetate to ethyl (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate, mediated by freeze-dried yeast, proceeds in good yield (53—58%) and with high enantioselectivity (&gt;96%ee) in a number of organic solvents; petroleum ether, diethyl ether, toluene, and carbon tetrachloride. A small amount of water (0.8 ml (g-yeast)−1) is required for the reaction to proceed. The water/yeast/substrate ratio and the solvent polarity have been found to significantly influence the reactivity of the system. The enantiomeric excess was determined by gas chromatography employing a chiral column.
Crystal and Molecular Structures of a Low-Melting Polymorph of Allocinnamic Acid
Authors: Lee Ho-Hi , Senda Hitoshi , Oyama Kaoru , Kuwae Akio , Hanai Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Crystals of a polymorph of allocinnamic acid having a melting point of 58 °C are monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 6.2508(8), b = 15.524(2), c = 8.5067(5) Å, β = 109.295(7)°, and Z = 4. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to a final R value of 0.042 for 1321 reflections [I &gt; 3σ(I)]. The molecules form centrosymmetric dimers with two O–H···O bonds of carboxylic acid groups [O···O distance, 2.666(1) Å, O···H–O angle, 160.79°]. The plane formed by the olefin group is twisted with respect to the phenyl ring at an angle of 37.8(2)°. The high-resolution solid-state 13C NMR spectra were also measured and may be useful for distinguishing polymorphs of allocinnamic acid.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tungstates Soluble in Nonaqueous Media
Authors: Ikenoue Shuichi , Mikuriya Masahiro , Miyauchi Osamu , Nukada Ryoji , Yagasaki Atsushi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A series of tungstates soluble in nonaqueous solvents were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and IR spectra. The heptameric compound [(t-C4H9)NH3]6[W7O24] was structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction methods.
Convenient Synthesis of 1,4-Naphthoquinones from Polymethoxynaphthalenes. Oxidative Demethylation with Silver-Catalyzed Ammonium Peroxodisulfate
Authors: Tanoue Yasuhiro , Sakata Kazunori , Hashimoto Mamoru , Morishita Shin-ichi , Hamada Moritsugu , Kai Norihisa , Nagai Takeshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The oxidative demethylation of polymethoxynaphthalenes such as 1,4-di, 1,4,5-tri, 1,4,5,8-tetra, and 1,2,4,5,8-pentamethoxynaphthalenes with silver-catalyzed ammonium peroxodisulfate gave the corresponding 1,4-naphthoquinones in good yield under mild reaction conditions.
Direct and Stereoselective Preparation of Optically Active 1,3-Dioxolanes from the Corresponding Chiral Styrene Oxides
Authors: Nagata Takushi , Takai Toshihiro , Yamada Tohru , Imagawa Kiyomi , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the presence of a catalytic amount of titanium(IV) chloride, optically active styrene oxide and its analogs are directly converted into the corresponding acetals such as acetonides or cyclopentylidene acetals keeping up high to complete optical purity on the treatment with ketones.
The role of the Pirani scoring system in the management of club foot by the Ponseti method
Authors: Dyer P. J. , Davis N. 
Published: July 2006

The Pirani scoring system, together with the Ponseti method of club foot management, was assessed for its predictive value. The data on 70 idiopathic club feet successfully treated by the Ponseti method and scored by Pirani’s system between February 2002 and May 2004 were analysed. There was a significant positive correlation between the initial Pirani score and number of casts required to correct the deformity. A foot scoring 4 or more is likely to require at least four casts, and one scoring less than 4 will require three or fewer. A foot with a hindfoot score of 2.5 or 3 has a 72% chance of requiring a tenotomy. The Pirani scoring system is reliable, quick, and easy to use, and provides a good forecast about the likely treatment for an individual foot but a low score does not exclude the possibility that a tenotomy may be required.
Distal femoral fractures treated by hinged total knee replacement in elderly patients
Authors: Appleton P. , Moran M. , Houshian S. , Robinson C. M. 
Published: July 2006

Although the use of constrained cemented arthroplasty to treat distal femoral fractures in elderly patients has some practical advantages over the use of techniques of fixation, concerns as to a high rate of loosening after implantation of these prostheses has raised doubts about their use. We evaluated the results of hinged total knee replacement in the treatment of 54 fractures in 52 patients with a mean age of 82 years (55 to 98), who were socially dependent and poorly mobile. Within the first year after implantation 22 of the 54 patients had died, six had undergone a further operation and two required a revision of the prosthesis. The subsequent rate of further surgery and revision was low. A constrained knee prosthesis offers a useful alternative treatment to internal fixation in selected elderly patients with these fractures, and has a high probability of surviving as long as the patient into whom it has been implanted.
Early results of a physiotherapist-delivered Ponseti service for the management of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus foot deformity
Authors: Shack N. , Eastwood D. M. 
Published: July 2006

We studied 24 children (40 feet) to demonstrate that a physiotherapist-delivered Ponseti service is as successful as a medically-led programme in obtaining correction of an idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus deformity. The median Pirani score at the start of treatment was 5.5 (mean 4.75; 2 to 6). A Pirani score of ≥5 predicted the need for tenotomy (p < 0.01). Of the 40 feet studied, 39 (97.5%) achieved correction of deformity. The remaining foot required surgical correction. A total of 25 (62.5%) of the feet underwent an Achilles tenotomy, which was performed by a surgeon in the physiotherapy clinic. There was full compliance with the foot abduction orthoses in 36 (90%) feet. Continuity of care was assured, as one practitioner was responsible for all patient contact. This was rated highly by the patient satisfaction survey. We believe that the Ponseti technique is suitable for use by non-medical personnel, but a holistic approach and good continuity of care are essential to the success of the programme.