bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Good Clinical Outcomes but High Rates of Adverse Reactions during Linezolid Therapy for Serious Infections: a Proposed Protocol for Monitoring Therapy in Complex Patients
Authors: Bishop Emma , Melvani Sharmila , Howden Benjamin P. , Charles Patrick G. P. , Grayson M. Lindsay 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACT

We assessed the toxicity and clinical outcomes associated with linezolid therapy (mean duration, 29 ± 28 days; range, 8 to 185 days) in 44 patients with serious gram-positive infections. Although a clinical cure was achieved in 73% of the cases, 28/44 (64%) had adverse reactions (thrombocytopenia,
n
= 13; anemia,
n
= 7; gastrointestinal,
n
= 12; peripheral neuropathy,
n
= 1; serotonin syndrome,
n
= 1), such that a systematic monitoring protocol was developed.
LINKING POLICIES FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION WITH ADVANCES IN BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS
Authors: TISDELL CLEM 
Published: March 2006

Global biodiversity loss and its consequences for human welfare and sustainable development have become major concerns. Economists have, therefore, given increasing attention to the policy issues involved in the management of genetic resources. To do so, they often apply empirical methods developed in behavioral and experimental economics to estimate economic values placed on genetic resources. This trend away from almost exclusive dependence on axiomatic methods is welcomed. However, major valuation methods used in behavioral economics raise new scientific challenges. Possibly the most important of these include deficiencies in the knowledge of the public (and researchers) about genetic resources, implications for the formation of values of supplying information to focal individuals, and limits to rationality.These issues are explored for stated-preference techniques of valuation (e.g., contingent valuation) as well as revealed preference techniques, especially the travel cost method. They are illustrated by Australian and Asian examples. Taking into account behavioral and psychological models and empirical evidence, particular attention is given to how elicitation of preferences, and supply of information to individuals, influences their preferences about biodiversity. Policy consequences are outlined.
JONES POLYNOMIAL INVARIANTS
Authors: FISH ANDREW , KEYMAN EBRU 
Published: March 2006

The Jones polynomial is a well-defined invariant of virtual links. We observe the effect of a generalised mutation M of a link on the Jones polynomial. Using this, we describe a method for obtaining invariants of links which are also invariant under M. The Jones polynomial of welded links is not well-defined in ℤ[q1/4, q-1/4]. Taking M = Fo allows us to pass to a quotient of ℤ[q1/4, q-1/4] in which the Jones polynomial is well-defined. We get the same result for M = Fu, so in fact, the Jones polynomial in this ring defines a fused isotopy invariant. We show it is non-trivial and compute it for links with one or two components.
PRIMA: PEPTIDE ROBUST IDENTIFICATION FROM MS/MS SPECTRA
Authors: LIU JIAN , MA BIN , LI MING 
Published: March 2006

In proteomics, tandem mass spectrometry is the key technology for peptide sequencing. However, partially due to the deficiency of peptide identification software, a large portion of the tandem mass spectra are discarded in almost all proteomics centers because they are not interpretable. The problem is more acute with the lower quality data from low end but more popular devices such as the ion trap instruments. In order to deal with the noisy and low quality data, this paper develops a systematic machine learning approach to construct a robust linear scoring function, whose coefficients are determined by a linear programming. A prototype, PRIMA, was implemented. When tested with large benchmarks of varying qualities, PRIMA consistently has higher accuracy than commonly used software MASCOT, SEQUEST and X! Tandem.
Comparing the Incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Collegiate Lacrosse, Soccer, and Basketball Players
Authors: Mihata Leanne C. S. , Beutler Anthony I. , Boden Barry P. 
Published: March 2006

Background Female college basketball and soccer athletes have higher rates of anterior cruciate ligament injury than do their male counterparts. Rates of anterior cruciate ligament injuries for women and men in collegiate lacrosse have not been examined. Understanding anterior cruciate ligament injury patterns in lacrosse, a full-contact sport for men and noncontact sport for women, could further injury prevention efforts. Hypotheses Female anterior cruciate ligament injury rates will decrease over time owing to longer participation in sports. Lacrosse anterior cruciate ligament injury rates will be lower than rates in basketball and soccer possibly owing to beneficial biomechanics of carrying a lacrosse stick. Study Design Cohort study (Prevalence); Level of evidence, 2. Methods Data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System were analyzed to compare men's and women's anterior cruciate ligament injuries in basketball, lacrosse, and soccer over 15 years. Results Anterior cruciate ligament injury rates in women's basketball and soccer were 0.28 and 0.32 injuries per 1000 athlete exposures, respectively, and did not decline over the study period. In men's basketball, injury rate fluctuated between 0.03 and 0.13 athlete exposures. Rates of anterior cruciate ligament injury did not significantly change in men's soccer over the study period. The rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury in men's lacrosse (0.17 athlete exposures, P < .05) was significantly higher than in men's basketball (0.08 athlete exposures) and soccer (0.12 athlete exposures). Injury rate in women's lacrosse (0.18 athlete exposures, P < .05) was significantly lower than in women's basketball and soccer. Conclusion There was no discernable change in rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury in men or women during the study period. Men's lacrosse is a high-risk sport for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Unlike basketball and soccer, the rates of anterior cruciate ligament injury are essentially the same in men's and women's lacrosse. The level of allowed contact in pivoting sports may be a factor in determining sport-specific anterior cruciate ligament risk.
Elongation and Structural Properties of Meniscal Repair Using Suture Techniques in Distraction and Shear Force Scenarios
Authors: Zantop Thore , Temmig Kira , Weimann Andre , Eggers Ann Kathleen , Raschke Michael J. , Petersen Wolf 
Published: March 2006

Background Most biomechanical studies on meniscal repairs have focused on testing distraction scenarios to evaluate structural properties of the repaired meniscus. An application of shear forces might replicate the in vivo situation more closely. Hypothesis In the shear force scenario, meniscal repair using a vertical suture technique will result in significantly less elongation when subjected to a cyclic loading protocol than that resulting from a horizontal suture technique. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods In fresh-frozen porcine menisci (n = 10 in each group), horizontal and vertical 2.0 Ethibond suturing techniques were tested in distraction and shear force scenarios. Elongation after 1000 cycles between 5 and 20 N and the structural properties such as stiffness, yield load, maximum load to failure, and failure mode were evaluated using a testing machine at a rate of 12.5 mm/s. Results In the distraction force scenario, no statistically significant difference in elongation after cyclic loading was found between specimens repaired with vertical or horizontal suture techniques. After 1000 cycles of cyclic loading in the shear force scenario, the horizontal suturing revealed significantly less elongation (2.8 ± 1.1 mm) than did the vertical suture technique (4.6 ± 2.0 mm). No statistically significant difference in yield and maximum load was found (P > .05). Conclusion The results of the present study do not support the authors’ hypothesis. In the shear force test, horizontal sutures were superior to vertical suture techniques. Clinical Relevance Meniscal repair with horizontal suture techniques can withstand elongation due to shear forces more effectively than can vertical mattress sutures.
Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in Patients with Lateral Patellar Instability and Trochlear Dysplasia
Authors: Steiner Timothy M. , Torga-Spak Roger , Teitge Robert A. 
Published: March 2006

Background Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament has been proven to restore stability in patients with lateral patellar instability. No study to date has examined the results in a patient population with the predisposing factor of femoral trochlear dysplasia. Hypothesis Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament restores stability and provides pain relief in patients who have lateral patellar instability in association with trochlear dysplasia. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Thirty-four patients with chronic patellar instability and trochlear dysplasia were treated with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using an adductor tendon autograft, bone–quadriceps tendon autograft, or bone–patellar tendon allograft. All patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively with Kujala, Lysholm, and Tegner scores at a minimum of 24 months. Results Thirty-four patients were followed for a mean of 66.5 months (range, 24-130 months) after surgery. Kujala scores improved from 53.3 to 90.7, Lysholm scores improved from 52.4 to 92.1, and Tegner activity scores improved from 3.1 to 5.1. All improvements were highly statistically significant (P < .001). No statistical difference was found between the postoperative Lysholm, Kujala, and Tegner scores and the degree of dysplasia, graft type, or degree of symptoms. There were 85.3% and 91.1% good and excellent results based on Kujala and Lysholm scores, respectively. No recurrent dislocations have occurred. Conclusion Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction provides excellent long-term pain relief and functional return in patients with patellar instability and femoral trochlear dysplasia. In addition, reconstruction prevents recurrent dislocation, despite the diminished bony constraint of a dysplastic trochlea.
Arthroscopic Capsulolabral Reconstruction for Posterior Instability of the Shoulder
Authors: Bradley James P. , Baker Champ L. , Kline Alex J. , Armfield Derek R. , Chhabra Anikar 
Published: March 2006

Background There are few reports in the literature detailing arthroscopic treatment of unidirectional posterior shoulder instability. Hypothesis Arthroscopic capsulolabral reconstruction is effective in restoring stability and function and alleviating pain in athletes with symptomatic unidirectional posterior instability. This population has significant differences in glenoid and chondrolabral versions when compared with controls. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Ninety-one athletes (100 shoulders) with unidirectional recurrent posterior shoulder instability were treated with an arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral reconstruction and evaluated at a mean of 27 months postoperatively. A subset of 51 shoulders in contact athletes were compared with the entire group of 100 shoulders. Patients were evaluated prospectively with the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scoring system. Stability, strength, and range of motion were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively with standardized subjective scales. Forty-eight shoulders had magnetic resonance arthrograms performed and were available for review. The posterior inferior chondrolabral and bony glenoid versions were measured and compared with controls. Results At a mean of 27 months postoperatively, the mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score improved from 50.36 to 85.66 (P < .001). There were significant improvements in stability, pain, and function based on standardized subjective scales (P < .001). The contact athletes did not demonstrate any significant differences when compared with the entire cohort for any outcome measure. The results in the 71 shoulders followed for at least 2 years were similar to the overall group. On magnetic resonance arthrography, the shoulders with posterior instability were found to have significantly greater chondrolabral and osseous retroversion in comparison with controls (P < .001 and P = .008, respectively). Conclusion Arthroscopic capsulolabral reconstruction is an effective, reliable treatment for symptomatic unidirectional recurrent posterior glenohumeral instability in an athletic population. Overall, 89% of patients were able to return to sport, with 67% of patients able to return to the same level postoperatively.
Autologous Osteochondral Mosaicplasty for Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans in Teenaged Patients
Authors: Iwasaki Norimasa , Kato Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Jyunichi , Saitoh Satoru , Minami Akio 
Published: March 2006

Background Autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty is a new technique to provide hyaline repair for articular defects. Although recent studies have reported the successful treatment of articular defects in the knee and ankle joints with this surgical procedure, little attention has been given to the surgical efficacy of mosaicplasty in the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum. Purpose To clarify the clinical outcomes of mosaicplasty for teenaged patients with advanced lesions of capitellar osteochondritis dissecans. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Eight teenaged patients with advanced lesions of capitellar osteochondritis dissecans underwent mosaicplasties. All patients were baseball players who were affected on the right side, which was also their throwing side. The surgical technique involves obtaining small-sized cylindrical osteochondral grafts from the lateral periphery of the femoral condyles and transplanting them to prepared osteochondral defects. At a mean follow-up of 24 months, all patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically. Results Seven of the 8 patients were free from elbow pain, and the remaining patient had mild pain occasionally. The mean clinical score described by Timmerman and Andrews (a maximum of 200 points) significantly improved from 140 points to 183 points postoperatively. All patients except one had excellent or good clinical results. Radiographically, the graft incorporation and a normal contour of the subchondral cortex were found in all patients. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the preoperative heterogeneity of the lesion had disappeared and the signal intensity returned to normal. Six of the 8 patients, including all 3 pitchers, returned to competitive-level baseball. Conclusion Mosaicplasty for advanced lesions of capitellar osteochondritis dissecans in teenaged baseball players can provide satisfactory clinical and radiographic results.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome in Athletes
Authors: Kinoshita Mitsuo , Okuda Ryuzo , Yasuda Toshito , Abe Muneaki 
Published: March 2006

Background The details of the occurrence of tarsal tunnel syndrome in athletes have not been well documented in the literature, and more data on tarsal tunnel syndrome related to sporting activity are necessary to enable better recognition of this condition. Hypothesis Sporting activities make athletes vulnerable to the occurrence of tarsal tunnel syndrome under specific conditions. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Between 1986 and 2002, 18 patients with tarsal tunnel syndrome related to sporting activities were surgically treated, of whom 15 patients (21 feet; mean age, 17.8 years) were competitive athletes and 3 were recreational sports amateurs (4 feet; mean age, 52.7 years). To assess the role of physical factors and sporting activities in making athletes vulnerable to the occurrence of tarsal tunnel syndrome, the authors reviewed the medical charts and evaluated the results of treatment. The mean duration of follow-up was 58.6 months. Results Activities that triggered tarsal tunnel syndrome were those that applied a heavy burden on the ankle joint such as sprinting, jumping, and performing ashibarai in judo under specific physical conditions. Predisposing underlying physical factors were flatfoot deformity and an existence of talocalcaneal coalition, accessory muscles, and bony fragments around the tarsal tunnel. The majority of patients were able to return to the same sport after treatment. Conclusion Tarsal tunnel syndrome occurs in athletes involved in strenuous sporting activities, especially when predisposing physical factors are present.
An in Vivo Injury Model of Posterolateral Knee Instability
Authors: LaPrade Robert F. , Wentorf Fred A. , Olson Erik J. , Carlson Cathy S. 
Published: March 2006

Background Posterolateral knee instability is a difficult clinical problem to diagnose and treat. To best evaluate its natural history and the effects of interventional treatments, it is important to develop an in vivo model in an attempt to validate human cadaveric and clinical observational studies. Purpose To develop an in vivo model of posterolateral knee instability in the rabbit and to determine the natural history of untreated posterolateral knee injuries at 6 months postoperatively. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods The fibular collateral ligament and popliteus tendon were surgically transected in 1 knee in each of 10 skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits, with the contralateral knee serving as a control knee. At 6 months postoperatively, the rabbits were euthanized, the knees were removed, and biomechanical testing of knee joint stability was performed. After biomechanical testing, histological sections of each proximal tibia and distal femur were evaluated, and each proximal tibia was graded using an osteoarthritis grading scheme. Results Biomechanical testing revealed a statistically significant difference in amount of rotation in the operated knees compared with the unoperated control knees to varus moments at 30°, 60°, and 90° and to external rotation torques at 30° and 60°. Morphological analysis revealed no significant difference in lesions of osteoarthritis in the medial compartment of the operated knees compared with the unoperated knees. Conclusions Although the presence of posterolateral knee instability was validated 6 months after surgery in this model, the authors did not identify significant differences in lesions of osteoarthritis in the operated knees compared with the unoperated control knees. Clinical Significance This study confirms that posterolateral knee instability can be created in an animal model. It also recapitulates the clinical observation in humans that untreated posterolateral knee injuries do not heal. Similar to animal models of medial collateral ligament sectioning, further studies to validate a posterolateral instability knee model may lead to interventional studies to determine the best way to treat this complex knee instability pattern.
Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Accelerates Bone-Tendon Junction Healing
Authors: Lu Hongbin , Qin Ling , Fok Pikkwan , Cheung Winghoi , Lee Kwongman , Guo Xia , Wong Wannar , Leung Kwoksui 
Published: March 2006

Background Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound has been demonstrated to be beneficial for accelerating fracture healing, delayed union, nonunion, and soft tissue repair. Hypothesis Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerates healing of bone-to-tendon junction repair by promoting osteogenesis and tissue remodeling at the healing junction. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Standard partial patellectomy was conducted in forty-eight 18-week-old rabbits divided into an ultrasound treatment and control group. Daily ultrasound was delivered 3 days after surgery onto the patellar tendon–patella healing junction and continuously up to weeks 2, 4, 8, and 16 postoperatively, when the patella–patellar tendon complexes were harvested for radiographic, histologic, and biomechanical evaluations. Results Radiographic measurements showed significantly more newly formed bone at the patellar tendon–patella healing junction in the ultrasound group compared with the controls at week 8 (4.91 ± 2.74 mm2 vs 2.50 ± 1.83 mm2, P < .05) and week 16 (7.22 ± 2.34 mm2 vs 4.61 ± 2.22 mm2, P < .05) after partial patellectomy. Histologically, the ultrasound group at weeks 8 and 16 showed improved tissue integration, characterized by trabecular bone expansion from the remaining patella and regeneration of fibrocartilage layer at the patellar tendon–patella healing junction. Fluorescence microscopy revealed earlier bone formation in the ultrasound group when compared with the controls at week 8 (1.78 ± 0.32 vs 1.23 ± 0.43, P < .01) and week 16 (2.10 ± 0.67 vs 1.29 ± 0.35, P < .01). Mechanical testing showed significantly higher failure load and ultimate strength in the ultrasound group (300.2 ± 61.7 N and 7.10 ± 1.29 MPa, respectively) as compared with controls (222.3 ± 65.1 N and 5.26 ± 1.36 MPa, respectively) at week 16 (P < .05 for both). Conclusion Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound was able to accelerate bone-to-tendon junction repair. Clinical Relevance These results may help establish treatment efficacy for accelerating bone-to-tendon junction repair and facilitating earlier rehabilitation.
Traditional Versus Up-Front [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose–Positron Emission Tomography Staging of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Dutch Cooperative Randomized Study
Authors: Herder Gerarda J.M. , Kramer Henk , Hoekstra Otto S. , Smit Egbert F. , Pruim Jan , van Tinteren Harm , Comans Emile F. , Verboom Paul , Uyl-de Groot Carin A. , Welling Alle , Paul Marinus A. , Boers Maarten , Postmus Pieter E. , Teule Gerrit J. , Groen Harry J.M. 
Published: March 2006

PurposeWe investigated whether application of positron emission tomography (PET) immediately after first presentation might simplify staging while maintaining accuracy, as compared with traditional strategy in routine clinical setting.MethodsAt first presentation, patients with a provisional diagnosis of lung cancer without overt dissemination were randomly assigned to traditional work-up (TWU) according to international guidelines or early PET followed by histologic/cytologic verification of lesions, or imaging and follow-up. Patients with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) –avid, noncentral tumors without suspicion of mediastinal or distant metastases on PET proceeded directly to thoracotomy. Follow-up in presumed benign lesions was at least 12 months. In patients treated with surgery or neoadjuvant therapy, the quality of staging was measured by comparing the clinical stage to the final stage (combination of peroperative staging and 6 months of follow-up). To investigate test substitution, we analyzed the number of (non)invasive tests to achieve clinical TNM staging, and its associated costs.ResultsBetween 1999 and 2001, 465 patients (233 TWU, 232 PET) were enrolled at 22 hospitals. The mean (standard deviation) number of procedures to finalize staging was equal in the TWU arm and the PET arm: 7.9 (2.0) v 7.9 (1.9), P = .90, respectively. Mediastinoscopies occurred significantly less often in the PET arm. Agreement between clinical and final stage was good in both arms (κ = .85 v .78; P = .07). Costs did not differ significantly.ConclusionUp-front18FDG-PET in patients with (suspected) lung cancer does not reduce the overall number of diagnostic test, but it maintains quality of TNM staging with the use of less invasive surgery.