bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lichens of the Magnesian Limestone
Authors: Gilbert O. L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe lichen flora of natural outcrops, disused quarries and churchyards in the Magnesian Limestone belt of England, which stretches from Nottingham to Tyneside, is described with reference to 50 sites; 106 taxa were encountered. The lichen flora is compared with that of the Carboniferous Limestone in Derbyshire and found to be distinctive, relating particularly to the abundance of less exacting calcicoles. Lecanora campestris subsp. dolomitica, a lichen widespread at the southern end of the outcrop, is described.
Cell Walls of the Phycobionts Trebouxia and Pseudotrebouxia: Constituents and Their Localization
Authors: König J. , Peveling E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe cell wall composition of several species of the lichen phycobionts Trebouxia and Pseudotrebouxia has been investigated using gas chromatography, thin layer chromatography and infrared absorption spectrophotometry. In addition cell wall components (cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, sporopollenin, protein) were localized with cytochemical methods at the EM- level. The cell walls of Trebouxia and Pseudotrebouxia consist of several layers. In Trebouxia the inner layer (Si) consists mainly of cellulose, then followed by a non-cellulosic polysaccharide layer (S2), a sporopollenin-layer (S3) and an outer layer consisting again of a non-cellulosic polysaccharide (S4). In addition Trebouxia is surrounded by a sheath (a polysaccharide with species-specific terminal residues). In Pseudotrebouxia the cell wall is similarly constructed compared to Trebouxia, however, the sheath is lacking and the S4 layer contains a polysaccharide with species-specific terminal sugar residues. The role of the different cell wall constituents for the recognition mechanism between the lichen symbionts is discussed.
New or Interesting British Lichens V The Lichenologist
Authors: Coppins B. J. , James P. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNotes and keys are provided for British members of the Trapeliaceae. The genus Placynthiella Gyelnik is resurrected to accommodate the Lecidea uliginosa group: P. hyporhoda (Th. Fr.) comb, nov., P. icmalea (Ach.) comb, nov., P. oligotropha (Laundon) comb. nov. and P. uliginosa (Schrader) comb. nov. Aphanopsis Nyl. ex P. Sydow is recognized for the single species A. coenosa (Ach.) comb, nov., and attention is drawn to the enigmatic Biatora humida Kullhem. The Lecidea granulosa group is referred to Trapeliopsis, necessitating four new combinations, T. aeneofusca (Flörke ex Flotow) comb, nov., T. flexuosa (Fr.) comb, nov., T. gelatinosa (Flörke) comb. nov. and T. viridescens (Schrader) comb, nov., and the description of one new species, T. pseudogranulosa sp. nov. Special attention is given to sorediate species of Trapelia, including T. corticola sp. nov. and T. placodioides sp. nov.
Studies on The Growth of Lichens I Lobe Formation and the Maintenance of Circularity in Crustose Species
Authors: Hill D.J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe rate of lobe division during thallus enlargement in Xanthoria elegans and Diploicia canescens is considered in geometric terms. The frequency of lobe engulfment by neighbouring lobes was measured, was fitted graphically to a simple equation and was found to result from constant lobe division with thallus size. Values for a constant in the equation and derived from the observed frequency of lobe engulfment provided a measurement of a new morphological parameter: ratio lobe length to width. Greatest departure from circularity in small thalli of D. canescens occurred when thallus size did not permit lobe competition. Increasing lobe engulfment and thallus circularity in larger thalli appeared to be correlated. Circularity in crustose thalli without lobes is discussed with definitions of ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ areoles.
Macrolichens in Tasmanian Rainforests
Authors: Kantvilas G. , James P. W. , Jarman S. J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract96 macrolichens, including 12 new records, are reported for cool temperate rainforests in Tasmania. These species belong mainly to the austral cool temperate element. A descriptive account of the lichen floras from five major rainforest communities is given. Field observations suggest that substrate and light are the most important ecological factors affecting the distribution of lichens in rainforest. Although most species are widespread in Tasmania, large-scale disturbance and the fragmentation of rainforest stands is seen as a threat to their survival.
The Persistence of Cladonia Patches in Closed Heathland Stands
Authors: Hobbs R.J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe inhibitory action of aqueous extracts from detached podetia of heathland Cladonia spp. and leachates from transplanted Cladonia turfs was tested using seeds of Avena fatua, Calluna vulgans and Deschampsia flexuosa. Significant inhibitory effects were found for each species. Further evidence from a field experiment suggests that patches containing a mixture of Cladonia spp. can inhibit germination or establishment of vascular species, probably through both chemical and physical processes, and thus maintain intact lichen patches in otherwise closed heathland stands.
On Succession in A Saxicolous Lichen Community
Authors: Woolhouse M. E. J. , Harmsen R. , Fahrig L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe lichen flora was sampled at each of the five sites on a near-vertical gneiss rock face. The sites were ranked according to the degree ofweathering of the rock surface and were taken to represent different stages in a succession. The succession shows an increase in species richness and diversity over time, although the proportion of the rock face unoccupied by lichens increases at the oldest site. The succession will be driven by allogenic processes, physical weathering of the rock, facilitation, especially the effects of lichens on surface erosion, and by inhibition, through competition for space. At the oldest site mortality of lichen thalli becomes important, continually opening up new areas for recolonization and maintaining community diversity. The succession may be described by four phases: (1) colonization, (2) growth,(3) competition and (4) senescence.
Lichens of the coniston Copper mines
Authors: Purvis O. W. , James P. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLichen communities at four sites of copper sulphide mineralization and associated secondary oxidation products are described from an old mining area at Coniston in the English Lake District. Five lichen species new to Britain, Stereocaulon symphycheilum, Lecanora handelii, Rhizocarpon furfurosum, Lecidea atrofulva and L. inops, are briefly described, the last mentioned being a specific indicator of copper mineralization. The species complex, Lecidea auriculata, L. diducens and L. inops, is discussed in some detail. Toninia leucophaeopsis and the non- British Bilimbia tornensis are distinct species and are both referred to the genus Stereocaulon.
Xanthomaculina Hale, A New Lichen Genus in the Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina)
Authors: Hale M. E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe endemic African lichen Parmelia hottentotta (Ach.) Ach. and related species are placed in a new genus, Xanthomaculina Hale, on the basis of cortical chemistry and a combination of conidial and morphological characters, including umbilicate growth form, presence of cilia and a vaulted cortex.
Epilithic Lichens in the Beacon Sandstone Formation, Victoria Land, Antarctica
Authors: Hale M. E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe epilithic lichen flora on the Beacon sandstone formation in Victoria Land consists of seven species: Acarospora gwynniiDodge & Rudolph, Buellia grisea Dodge & Baker, B. pallida Dodge & Baker, Carbonea capsulata (Dodge & Baker) Hale comb, nov., Lecanora fuscobrunnea Dodge & Baker, Leaded cancriformis Dodge & Baker, and L. siplei Dodge & Baker. The typification of the species is given along with descriptions and distribution in Antarctica.
Thallus tip Structure and Matrix Development in Bryoria Fuscescens
Authors: Greenhalgh G. N. , Whitfield A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSEM observations of the surface of branch tips of Bryoria fuscescens, before and after treatment to remove the matrix produced by the cortical hyphae, are described. Cortical hyphae are arranged in a simple, apical bundle, parallel to the long axis of the branch, which becomes, behind the apex, a hollow cylinder containing the algal population. The cortical structure is less complex than that of Usnea subfloridana. Substantial amounts of extracellular matrix are produced and the significance of this is discussed.
Studies In The Lichen Family Pannariaceae II. The Genus Leioderma Nyl
Authors: Galloway D. J. , Jørgensen P. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Southern Hemisphere genus Leioderma Nyl. contains seven species: L. amphibolum (Knight) P. M. Jørg & D. Galloway, L. applanatum sp. nov., L. duplication (Mull. Arg.) comb, nov., L. erythrocarpum (Nyl.) comb, nov., L. glabrum sp. nov., L. pycnophorum Nyl., and L. sorediatum sp. nov. The genus has two subgenera (Leioderma, and Fuscoderma subgen. nov.) distinguished by differences in thallus morphology and the structures of asci and ascospores. Leioderma is closely related to Erioderma but differs in thallus habit, structure of cortex and ascus, and chemistry. Leioderma appears to be a Gondwanan genus. A key is given, and details of anatomy, morphology, distribution, ecology, phytogeography and taxonomy are discussed. A new, Lewderma-like, sorediate Parmeliella, P. subgranulata sp. nov., is described from New Zealand, and the related P. granulata Lamb, is recorded from New Zealand for the first time.
Measurement of Intrapopulational Enzyme Variation in Five Species of Epiphytic Lichens
Authors: Fahselt Dianne 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThalli of five species of epiphytic lichens were collected from one moribund spruce-fir stand in the Algonquin Highlands in Ontario, Canada. Extracts of all were subjected to isoelectric focusing and stained for activity of 16 enzyme systems. Gels were scored for the presence or absence of individual bands in each enzyme system, and the degree of polymorphism of all detectable enzymes was evaluated using a variability measure developed for use with presence/absence data. Esterase and alkaline phosphatase showed the greatest amount of polymorphism and superoxide dismutase was the least variable enzyme system. The degree of enzyme variability in each of the five species was probably a reflection of its past evolutionary history and bore little relationship to apparent potential for sexual reproduction.
The Identity of ‘Lecidea Cinnabarina’ in the British Isles
Authors: Coppins B. J. , James P. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMost British collections hitherto identified as Lecidea cinnabarina Sommerf. are shown to belong to either Pertusaria pupillaris (Nyl.) Th. Fr. or to a sterile species tentatively assigned to Schismatomma as S. quercicola Coppins & P. James sp. nov. Notes are also provided on a problematical Pertusaria, resembling P. pupillaris and Lecidea cinnabarina s. str.
A Rock Pool Lichen Community in Northern Transvaal, South Africa: Composition and Distribution Patterns
Authors: Wessels D. C. J. , Büdel B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe distribution patterns of lichens belonging to the family Peltulaceae and procaryotic algae (cyanobacteria) were studied in a rock pool on a sandstone koppie (‘Inselberg’). situated in the mopane savanna of the northern Transvaal. The co-dominant lichen species along the wall of the pool were: Peltula clavata (Krempelh.) Wetmore, P. euploca (Ach.) Poelt ex Pisut, P. obscurans (Nyl.) Gyelnik, and P. placodizans (Zahlbr.) Wetmore. The cyanobacteria Gloeocapsa sanguinea (Ag.) Kütz. emend. Jaag, Plectonema tomasinianum Gom. ex Gom., Rivularia sp., Scytonema sp. and Tolypothrix sp. grew epilithically between the lichen thalli. Unicellular species of the genus Chroococcidiopsis Geitler or Myxosarcina Printz occurred cryptoendolithically. The distribution patterns of several lichen species are presented and statistical tests reveal distinct correlations of the habitats of some species with light levels and water supply; e.g. the olive-green P. placodizans preferred the fully exposed situation near and along the rim of the rock pool; the black species P. clavata was restricted to areas next to the water level.
Microfaunal communities associated with epiphytic lichens in Belfast
Authors: Roberts D. , Zimmer D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe composition and richness of the microfauna on lime trees was surveyed in relation to the distribution and cover of lichens in Belfast. Parameters used to help interpret the results included distance from the city centre and available data on air quality. The percentage epiphyte cover on the trunks of lime trees was significantly correlated with distance from the city centre whereas that on tree bases as not. In contrast, the number of microfaunal species revealed strong positive correlations with distance for both the bases and the trunks of trees. Most of this increase in microfaunal species richness towards rural areas was due to protistans which are thus proposed as useful bioindicators of air pollution. The total species richness of fauna showed slight negative correlation with smoke but not SO2 levels.
A Second Lichen-Forming Species of Cheiromycina From Austria
Authors: Hawksworth D. L. , Poelt J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA second species of the lichen-forming hyphomycete genus Cheiromycina B. Sutton, C. petri D. Hawksw. & Poelt sp.nov., is described from old Betula bark in Steiermark, Austria. It differs from C. flabelliformis B. Sutton in thallus colour, the more compact blue-grey non-eroding sporodochia, the very tightly dichotomously branched conidia, and in having much shorter terminal branches.
Koerberiella Wimmeriana (Lecanorales, Porpidiaceae) and Its Lichenicolous Fungi
Authors: Rambold G. , Hertel H. , Triebel D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLecanora creatina Norman ex Th. Fr. and Lecanora leucophyma Leighton were found to be synonyms of Koerberiella wimmeriana (Körber) B. Stein; both represents the isidiate growth form of the species. The lichenicolous fungi Arthonia almquistii Vainio, Endococcus propinquus (Körber) D. Hawksw. and Sagediopsis aquatica (B. Stein) Triebel occurs on K. wimmeriana. All are described in detail.
The Occurrence of Copper-Psoromic Acid in Lichens From Cupriferous Substrata
Authors: Purvis O. William , Elix John A. , Gaul Kim L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe localization of psoromic acid and copper in partly green, copper-rich specimens of Lecidella bullata and Tephromela testaceoatra collected in Norway was studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. Infrared absorption spectroscopy of lichen material and of a synthetic copper-psoromic acid complex, and the other techniques, provide evidence that complexing of copper by psoromic acid occurs within specific areas of these lichens and this leads to their unusual colouration. In contrast, a specimen of copper-rich Lecanora cascadensis, which contains psoromic and usnic acids, does not contain such a complex. From the evidence obtained it is suggested that taxonomists should pay attention to the impact of rock and lichen chemistry on the appearance of lichen thalli.
Artificial Resynthesis of Thalli of the Cyanobacterial Lichen Peltigera Praetextata Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Stocker-Wörgötter Elfie , Türk Roman 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe resynthesis of foliose thalli of the cyanobacterial lichen Peltigera praetextata was achieved on a soil substratum under laboratory conditions. On agar plates mycelia formation by this lichen fungus only occurred when a sufficient number of photobiont cells was present. Resynthesis on agar was restricted to the formation of loose algal-fungal associations, which showed no lichen-like structures. Early resynthesis stages were formed on soil only after a very long lag phase of 2–3 months. First soredia-like stages (resynthesis products of fungal hyphae and cyanobacteria) appeared, later tissue clumps and thallus primordia differentiated. Welldeveloped lichen thalli with rhizines that resembled young thalli from the natural environment were formed after an incubation time of 2–3 years.
The Brown Parmelia Type Specimens of A. N. Oxner
Authors: Esslinger Theodore L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe morphology and chemistry of the type specimens for the four species of brown Parmelia described by A. N. Oxner have been studied. The correct name for the widely distributed Northern Hemisphere taxon, now generally known as Melanelia substygia (Räsänen) Essl. (Parmelia substygia Räsänen), is now M. tominii (Oxner) Essl. Parmelia borisorum Oxner and Parmelia altaica Oxner are also synonyms of M. tominii. Parmelia teretiuscula Oxner is a synonym of Melanelia stygia (L.) Essl.
Factors of Importance to Some Lichen Species of Deciduous Broad-Leaved Woods in Southern Sweden
Authors: Gustafsson Lena , Fiskesjö Anneli , Ingelög Torleif , Petterssonj Börje , Thor Göran 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA number of lichen species presumed to prefer broad-leaved, deciduous woodlands of long continuity were recorded in 101 stands with different histories and in different successional stages in southern Sweden. Of 19 recorded species, Arthonia vinosa, Calicium adspersum, C. salicinum, Lobaria pulmonaria, and Mycobilimbia sabuletorum occurred in ten stands or more. Habitat variables that indicate occurrence of natural forest conditions were registered and also factors of stand and site quality used in forest surveys. The lichen species recorded were significantly correlated with the presence of large, old, deciduous, broad-leaved trees. Deciduous, broadleaved woods with many large old trees are at present being rapidly transformed into forest plantations. The recorded lichen species will decrease unless the woods are protected or have modified management.
Lepraria in the British Isles
Authors: Laundon Jack R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe first modern taxonomic classification of the species of Lepraria is presented. Chemistry is the most important character used to separate the morphologically similar, but distinct, sterile taxa. Nine species are recorded from the British Isles, of which L. eburnea and L. frigida are new to science. Lepraria nivalis is a new name for Crocynia murorum B. de Lesd., and L. caesioalba (B. de Lesd.) Laundon a new combination. Two species, L. incana (L.) Ach. and L. lobificans Nyl., are especially common and are dominant on shaded bark and rock. Twenty-eight lichens reported as Lepraria belong elsewhere or require further study. The combination Leproloma cacuminum (Massal.) Laundon is made to replace the name L. angardianum.
New Species and Combinations in The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland
Authors: Coppins B. J. , Jamesj P. W. , Hawksworth D. L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn support of the Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland, 22 new combinations are made, and the following new species are described: Bacidia subcircumspecta Coppins, B. viridifarinosa Coppins & P. James, Coccotrema citrinescens P. James & Coppins, Eopyrenula avellanae Coppins, E. grandicula Coppins, E. septemseptata Coppins, Fuscidea hibernica P. James & Poelt, Graphis alboscripta Coppins & P. James, Lecidea doliiformis Coppins & P. James, Melaspilea atroides Coppins, Opegrapha fumosa Coppins & P. James, and O. multipuncta Coppins & P. James.
Notes on Polysporina Vězda, with a Description of a New Species from Tasmania.
Authors: Kantvilas Gintaras 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe new species,Polysponna terricolaKantvilas from south-eastern Tasmania, is described and compared to other species in the genus. It is well characterized by a range of morphological, anatomical and ecological characters, especially by the presence of oil paraphyses and oil droplets in the hymenium, features unknown in other members of the genus. Species ofPolysporinaare best separated by the following characters: size and morphology of the apothecia, size of ascospores, thickness of paraphyses and height of the hymenium. The combinationsP. ferniginea(Lettau) M. Steiner andP. pusilla(Anzi) M. Steiner are validated. A key to the taxa studied is provided.
Specific Language Impairment in French-Speaking Children: Beyond Grammatical Morphology
Authors: Thordardottir Elin T. , Namazi Mahchid 
Published: May 2007

Purpose
Studies on specific language impairment (SLI) in French have identified specific aspects of morphosyntax as particularly vulnerable. However, a cohesive picture of relative strengths and weaknesses characterizing SLI in French has not been established. In light of normative data showing low morphological error rates in the spontaneous language of French-speaking preschoolers, the relative prominence of such errors in SLI in young children was questioned.

Method
Spontaneous language samples were collected from 12 French-speaking preschool-age children with SLI, as well as 12 children with normal language development matched on age and 12 children with normal language development matched on mean length of utterance. Language samples were analyzed for length of utterance; lexical diversity and composition; diversity of grammatical morphology and morphological errors, including verb finiteness; subject omission; and object clitics.

Results
Children with SLI scored lower than age-matched children on all of these measures but similarly to the mean length of utterance–matched controls. Errors in grammatical morphology were very infrequent in all groups, with no significant group differences.

Conclusion
The results indicate that the spontaneous language of French-speaking children with SLI in the preschool age range is characterized primarily by a generalized language impairment and that morphological deficits do not stand out as an area of particular vulnerability, in contrast with the pattern found in English for this age group.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of immune thrombocytopenic purpura in a cohort of monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance
Authors: Rossi Davide , Paoli Lorenzo De , Franceschetti Silvia , Capello Daniela , Vendramin Chiara , Lunghi Monia , Conconi Annarita , Magnani Corrado , Gaidano Gianluca 
Published: May 2007

SummaryMonoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) may become symptomatic for autoimmune manifestations. We report on the prevalence and clinical course of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) observed in a consecutive series of 228 MGUS patients. At MGUS diagnosis, ITP was determined in 6/228 cases, accounting for a prevalence of 2630/100 000 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1210–5620]. One incidental ITP case occurred after 21 months of follow‐up. After a follow‐up of 681·3 patient‐years, the crude incidence of ITP in MGUS was 146·8 per 100 000 patient‐year (95% CI: 3·7–817·8). Overall, these observations point to an association between MGUS and ITP.