bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress is the master operator of drug and chemically‐induced programmed and unprogrammed cell death: Implications of natural antioxidantsin vivo
Authors: Ray S. D. , Lam T. S. , Rotollo J. A. , Phadke S. , Patel C. , Dontabhaktuni A. , Mohammad S. , Lee H. , Strika S. , Dobrogowska A. , Bruculeri C. , Chou A. , Patel S. , Patel R. , Manolas T. , Stohs S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractROS, RNS, BRIs and ROS‐RNS hybrids are produced during drug or chemical metabolismin vivo. These reactive species are instrumental to the culmination of cellular oxidative stress (OS). OS, once turned on, does not spare any vital intracellular macromolecule, such as glutathione, DNA, RNA, proteins, enzymes, lipids and ATP. Since concentration gradients of such components are very delicately balanced for normal cellular functioning, a gross perturbation leads to cell injury and cell death. Abundant evidence now suggests that intracellular antioxidants keep OS in check and maintain homeostasis. Our laboratory has focused on the role of OS in orchestrating various forms of cell death during drug and chemically‐induced target organ toxicity and their counteraction by various natural or synthetic antioxidants inin vivomodels. Despite complexity of thein vivomodels, results show that metabolism of xenobiotics are invariably associated with different degrees of OS and natural antioxidants such as grape seed extract, bitter melon extract (Momordica charantia) and N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) which were very effective in counteracting organ toxicities by minimizing events linked to OS (lipid peroxidation and total glutathione), and CAD‐mediated DNA fragmentation. Phytoextract exposure rescued cells from toxic assaults, protected genomic integrity, and minimized apoptotic, necrotic and apocrotic (oncotic necrosis) cell deaths. Pre‐exposure mode was more effective than post‐exposure route. Overall scenario suggests that OS may have been the prime modulator of death and/or survival programs, whereas, antioxidants may have imparted a dual role in either erasing death signals or reviving survival signals, and a combination of antioxidants may be more beneficial than a single entity to influence a number of intracellular events operating simultaneously to neutralize chaotic toxicological consequences.
Effect of the walnut polyphenol fraction on oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mice
Authors: Fukuda Toshiyuki , Ito Hideyuki , Yoshida Takashi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe examined the in vivo antioxidative effect of a polyphenol‐rich walnut extract on oxidative stress in mice with type 2 diabetes. C57BL/KsJ‐db/db mice were used as an accelerated oxidative animal model. The oral administration of the walnut polyphenol fraction at 200∼mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks caused a significant decrease in the level of urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosin, which is an in vivo marker of oxidative stress. These results imply that walnut polyphenols have both in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects.
Preventive effects of dietary boysenberry anthocyanins on galactosamine‐induced liver injury in rats
Authors: Igarashi Kiharu , Sugimoto Etsuko , Hatakeyama Asako , Molyneux John , Kubomura Kiyoko 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe preventive effects of the major boysenberry anthocyanins (BoAnt) on liver injury, were determined in rats with liver injury induced by galactosamine (GalN). Increases in plasma AST and ALT activities, which were all induced by the injection of GalN, were relieved by the ingestion of BoAnt, suggesting that BoAnt is a food component available to prevent liver injury.
Physiological effects and active ingredients of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb fruits on oxidative stress
Authors: Iwai Kunihisa , Kim Mi‐Yeon , Onodera Akio , Matsue Hajime 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe fruit of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb, called gamazumi in Japan, showed the strong antioxidant activities, and its preventive effects on oxidative stress and active ingredients were investigated. Male rats were subjected to water immersion restraint stress for 6 hours, after ingestion of the gamazumi crude extract (GCE) for 2 weeks. The formation of gastric ulcer was reduced, and the lipid peroxidation in plasma and organs also lowered in rats ingested GCE. In the streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats given GCE for 10 weeks, inhibition of lipid peroxidation in plasma, erythrocytes and organs was observed, and the increase of plasma glucose level also lowered. On the other hand, two cyanidin glycosides, two chlorogenic acids and quercetin were identified, and especially cyanidin 3‐sambubioside (Cy 3‐sam) showed the strong radical scavenging activity. It is suggested that Cy 3‐sam is a key compound contributing to the physiological effects of V. dilatatum fruit.
Antioxidative activity of sulfur‐containing compounds in Allium species for human LDL oxidation in vitro
Authors: Nishimura Hiroyuki , Higuchi Ohki , Tateshita Koutaro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSulfur‐containing compounds contributing to health promotion in Allium species are produced via enzymic and thermochemical reactions. Sulfur‐containing amino acids and volatile organosulfur compounds were prepared for an antioxidative assay. The inhibitory activity of S‐alk(en)yl‐L‐cysteines and their sulfoxides, volatile alk(en)yl disulfides and trisulfides, and vinyldithiins in Allium species against lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) formation in human low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) was examined. It was elucidated that the alk(en)yl substituents (methyl, propyl, and allyl) and the number of sulfur atoms in the compounds were important for the antioxidative activity. 3,4‐Dihydro‐3‐vinyl‐1,2‐dithiin, which is produced by a thermochemical reaction of allyl 2‐propenethiosulfinate, exhibited the highest antioxidative activity of human LDL among sulfur‐containing compounds.
The antioxidative activity of traditional Japanese herbs
Authors: Xiufen Wang , Hiramatsu Naoko , Matsubara Mai 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe objective of this research was to examine the radical scavenging activity of traditional Japanese herbs. Samples used in the experiments were gennoshoko (Geranium nepalense var. thunbergii), yomogi (Artemisia vulgaris var.indica), senburi (Swertia japonica), iwa‐tobacco (Conandron ramondioides), sarunokoshikake (Elfvingia applanata), kanzo (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) and matatabi (Actinidia polygama). The water‐soluble components of the herbs were extracted in boiling water, and the volatile oil was extracted by a distillation apparatus or steeping in some organic solvents such as petroleum ether and ethyl ether. The radical scavenging activity was determined by the decrease of free radicals of DPPH detected by both colorimetric assay and HPLC method at 517∼nm. The extracts of gennoshoko, yomogi and iwa‐tobacco showed remarkable radical scavenging activity. The volatile oil of yomogi obtained by distillation or steeping in organic solvents had especially strong antioxidative activity.
Antioxidant activity and protective effect on DNA strand scission of Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis)
Authors: Lee Eun‐Jung , Jang Hae‐Dong 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) was extracted by refluxing with water and 75% ethanol as a solvent. Antioxidant activity and protective effect on DNA strand scission were investigated by using different antioxidant assay systems and DNA strand nicking assay, respectively. 75% Ethanol extract has higher content of total soluble phenolics and flavonoid than water extract. Antioxidant activities such as hydrogen donating capacity and scavenging activity of hydrogen peroxide were higher in 75% ethanol extract than in water extract except the rate constant with hydroxyl radical. Peroxyl radical induced DNA strand scission was prevented by both 75% ethanol and water extract and hydroxyl radical induced DNA strand scission was not. This result indicates that total soluble phenolics, specially flavonoid, of Rooibos tea are responsible for several kinds of antioxidant activities and preventive activity on peroxyl radical induced DNA strand scission.
Antioxidant properties of gingerol related compounds from ginger
Authors: Masuda Yuki , Kikuzaki Hiroe , Hisamoto Masashi , Nakatani Nobuji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGinger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) shows an antioxidant activity, and we have been engaging to determine the structures of more than 50 antioxidants isolated from the rhizomes of ginger. The isolated antioxidants are divided into two groups; gingerol related compounds and diarylheptanoids. In this study, structure‐activity relationship of gingerol related compounds was evaluated. Gingerol related compounds substituted with an alkyl group bearing 10‐, 12‐ or 14‐carbon chain length were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of rhizomes using repeated chromatographic techniques. The antioxidant activities of these compounds were evaluated by the following measurements; 1) 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2) inhibitory effect on oxidation of methyl linoleate under aeration and heating by the Oil Stability Index (OSI) method, and 3) inhibitory effect on oxidation of liposome induced by 2,2'‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH). These results suggested that the substituents on the alkyl chain might contribute to both radical scavenging effect and inhibitory effect of autoxidation of oils, while inhibitory effects against the AAPH‐induced peroxidation of liposome was somewhat influenced by the alkyl chain length; the antioxidant activity might be due to not only radical scavenging activity of antioxidants but also their affinity of the antioxidants to the substrates.
Antioxidative compounds isolated from the rhizomes of smaller galanga (Alpinia officinarum Hance)
Authors: Ly Tram Ngoc , Shimoyamada Makoto , Kato Koji , Yamauchi Ryo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAntioxidative compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of fresh rhizome of smaller galanga (Alpinia officinarum Hance). Seven phenylpropanoids (1–7) were obtained and their structures were elucidated by MS and NMR analyses. They comprised the two known compounds, (E)‐p‐coumaryl alcohol γ‐O‐methyl ether (1) and (E)‐p‐coumaryl alcohol (6); and the five novel compounds, stereoisomers of (4E)‐1,5‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐1‐methoxy‐2‐(methoxymethyl)‐4‐pentene (2a and 2b), stereoisomers of (4E)‐1,5‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐ethoxy‐2‐(methoxymethyl)‐4‐pentene (3a and 3b), (4E)‐1,5‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐1‐[(2E)‐3‐(4‐acetoxyphenyl)‐2‐propenoxy]‐2‐(methoxymethyl)‐4‐pentene (4), (4E)‐1,5‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐(methoxymethyl)‐4‐penten‐1‐ol (5), and (4E)‐1,5‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4‐penten‐1‐ol (7). Compounds 1–7 were detected for the first time as constituents of galanga rhizomes and exhibited antioxidative activities against the autoxidation of methyl linoleate in bulk phase.
Antioxidative activity of animal and vegetable dietary fibers
Authors: Suzuki Nobutaka , Fujimura Ayako , Nagai Takeshi , Mizumoto Iwao , Itami Toshiaki , Hatate Hideo , Nozawa Takashi , Kato Norihisa , Nomoto Tateo , Yoda Binkoh 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSome dietary fibers originated from insects such as silkworm (Sericin) and others along with constituents of several representative seaweeds such as wakame Undaria pinnatifida; hijiki Hizikia fusifome; and kombu Laminaria japonica, were found to have fairly large reaction rates determined by quenching experiments of emission spectra in the near‐infrared region λ:_{max}1270 nm for singlet oxygen 1O2, Cypridina luminescence method for superoxide, and peroxide value (POV) for autoxidation. The determined reaction rates are between 103 ‐ 105 (g/L){‐1} s{‐1} for the insect and the plant dietary fibers; the larger ones are as large as that of ascorbic acid, 1.93 × 104 (g/L){‐1} s{‐1} for singlet oxygen. Most of these seaweed constituents also showed antioxidative activity against autoxidation and superoxide as well as their immunological enhancing activity. These results suggest a possibility that dietary fibers that are supposed to prevent the large‐intestine cancer by their physical properties may prevent the cancer, at least in parts, by their chemical, antioxidative activity.
Abies nephrolepis leaf phenolics prevent the inhibition of gap junction intercellular communication by hydrogen peroxide in rat liver epithelial cells
Authors: Lee Sang Jun , Lee Ki Won , Lee Hyong Joo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRecent reports suggest that carcinogenicity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is implicated in inhibition of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC), which is a cellular event associated with the tumor promotion. The present study investigated the effect of phenolics (KF) from leaves of Abies nephrolepis (Khingan fir) on inhibition of GJIC by H2O2 in WB‐F344 rat liver epithelial cells. The phenolics were extracted from fresh leaves by using 80% aqueous methanol, and were analyzed mainly as catechin derivatives including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and catechin itself. KF and EGCG protected the inhibition of GJIC by H2O2, whereas butylated hydroxytoluene, a commercial antioxidant, had no effect. Our results indicate that KF exhibits potential chemopreventive effects against carcinogenesis, which may be attributable to phenolics such as EGCG.
Tea polyphenol epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate associates with plasma membrane lipid rafts: Lipid rafts mediate anti‐allergic action of the catechin
Authors: Tachibana Hirofumi , Fujimura Yoshinori , Yamada Koji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHigh‐affinity IgE receptor FcϵRI is key molecule in the IgE‐mediated allergic reactions. Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) has a suppressive effect of the expression of the FcϵRI. We show here that EGCG highly associates with plasma membrane microdomains, lipid rafts. The disruption of these lipid rafts caused a reduction of the amount of raft‐associated EGCG and the FcϵRI ‐suppressive effect of EGCG. These results suggest that the interaction between EGCG and the lipid rafts is important for EGCG's ability to downregulate FcϵRI expression.
Detection and determination of glyceraldehyde‐derived advanced glycation end product
Authors: Usui Teruyuki , Shimohira Kazuhito , Watanabe Hirohito , Hayase Fumitaka 
Published: December 2008

AbstractProtein is modified by carbonyl compound in the Maillard reaction, and the irreversible structure is formed as the advanced glycation end product (AGE). We identified GLAP (glyceraldehyde‐derived pyridinium compound) as an AGE formed from glyceraldehyde and lysine residue of protein. In the present study, we investigated detection and determination of GLAP from glycated protein using fluorescence HPLC method. Albumin (BSA) and carbonyls (glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde, methylglyoxal, glyoxal, three pentoses or three hexoses) were dissolved in phosphate buffed solution (pH 7.4), and incubated at 37°C for a week. GLAP was formed only in the glyceraldehyde‐modified BSA. It is suggested that GLAP was specific AGE derived from glyceraldehyde. In addition, GLAP depressed the intracellular glutathione level and induced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HL‐60 cells. GLAP caused the oxidative stress. Therefore, GLAP will be a biomarker in the AGE related disease such as diabetic complications or chronic renal failure.
Characterization of carnosine uptake and its physiological function in human intestinal epithelial Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Son Dong Ok , Satsu Hideo , Kiso Yoshinobu , Shimizu Makoto 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCarnosine (β‐Ala‐L‐His) is known to have the physiological functions of an antioxidant. Although dietary carnosine is thought to be absorbed across intestinal epithelial cells, the mechanism for this absorption is not yet well understood and its function in the intestinal tract is also obscure. The intestinal transport of carnosine was characterized in the present study by using human intestinal Caco‐2 cells, and its physiological function in these cells was further examined. The carnosine uptake was proton‐dependent, being activated by lowering the apical pH value. Its uptake was significantly inhibited by other dipeptides, whereas it was not inhibited by other amino acids. These characteristics of the carnosine uptake strongly suggest its transport into the cells via peptide transporter 1 (PepT1). Since carnosine has antioxidative activity, we studied its effect on the H2O2‐induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines in Caco‐2 cells. The H2O2‐induced increase in IL‐8 secretion was inhibited by a pretreatment with carnosine for 3 h, this inhibition being presented in a dose‐dependent manner. These results suggest that carnosine had a protective effect against oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells.
Cortisol and IGF‐1 synergistically up‐regulate taurine transport by the rat skeletal muscle cell line, L6
Authors: Park Sung‐Hee , Lee Haemi , Park Taesun 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study was undertaken to evaluate effects of exercise‐induced hormones, cortisol, IGF‐1, and β‐endorphin, on the regulation of taurine transport activity in rat skeletal myoblasts, L6 cells. Challenge of L6 cells with cortisol (100 nM) for 24 hrs resulted in a 165% increase in taurine transport activity, 220% increase in Vmax of the taurine transporter, and 55% increase in taurine transporter/ β‐actin mRNA level compared with untreated control cells. Neither IGF‐1 (1∼100 nM) nor β‐endorphin (1∼20 nM), added in the incubation medium separately for 24 hrs, affected taurine uptake by L6 cells. However, when cells were co‐treated with IGF‐1 (10 nM) plus cortisol (100∼nM), taurine transport activity (37% increase, p < 0.05), Vmax of the transporter (54%, p < 0.05), and taurine transporter/ β‐actin mRNA level were further increased compared to the value for cells treated with cortisol alone. These results suggest that taurine transport by skeletal muscle cells appear to be synergistically up‐regulated during a prolonged exercise via elevated levels of cortisol and IGF‐1 in muscle.
Absorption and metabolism of delphinidin 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside in rats
Authors: Ichiyanagi Takashi , Rahman M. Mamunur , Kashiwada Yoshiki , Ikeshiro Yasumasa , Shida Yasuo , Hatano Yoshihiko , Matsumoto Hitoshi , Hirayama Masao , Konishi Tetsuya 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAnthocyanins, kind of flavonoids (FL) found in plants and vegetables, are known to have varieties of physiological functions.In the present study, we examined absorption and metabolism of delphinidin 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside (Dp3G) in rats. Dp3G appeared in the plasma at 15 min after oral administration as an intact glucosidic form. The plasma level also showed another peak at 60 min. One metabolite peak was detected in the plasma and the structure was assigned as 4'‐O‐methyl Dp3G (MDp3G) by NMR and MS. The metabolite was also identified in several tissues as a major metabolite especially in the liver. No 3′‐O‐methyl Dp3G was detected in any tissues, therefore, 4′‐OH methylation is the main path of Dp3G metabolism in rats. This finding generalized the metabolic formation of FL having pyrogallol B ring because it has been reported that FL having catechol structure produced 3′‐O‐methyl‐derivatives, but FL having pyrogallol structure produced 4′‐O‐methyl‐derivatives.
Effect of simultaneous administration of vitamin C, L‐cysteine and vitamin E on the melanogenesis
Authors: Fujiwara Yoko , Sahashi Yumiko , Aritro Mitsumi , Hasegawa Satoko , Akimoto Koji , Ninomiya Shinji , Sakaguchi Yasue , Seyama Yousuke 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effect of simultaneous administration of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), L‐cystein (Cys) and vitamin E (tocopherol) on the melanogenesis in vivo and in vitro was studied.Forty‐eight brownish guinea pigs were divided into 4 groups as follows: VC group, VC+Cys group, VC+Cys+VE group and control group. They were given these vitamins by oral administration every day. UV‐B exposure (0.384 J/cm2) on their depleted back skin was done at the day 8, 10, 12, 15 17 and 19. After UV‐B irradiation, vitamins were administrated further 3 weeks. The luminosity score was measured using a Color Reader CR‐11 (Minolta, Co) and the numbers of DOPA‐positive melanocytes of their back skin were counted. B16 melanoma cells were incubated with VC, N‐acetyl cystein (NAC) and VE. After 4 days of incubation, cells were harvested. The melanin contents and the tyrosinase activities in cells were measured.The luminosity score in the VC+VE+Cys group was higher than those in the other groups. The numbers of DOPA‐positive melanocytes of guinea pigs treated with VC, VE and Cys were significantly decreased compared with those in VC group. In B16 melanoma cells, simultaneous treatment of VC, VE and NAC was the most effective to decrease the melanin contents and to inhibit tyrosinase activity.
Physiological significance of the taurine transporter and taurine biosynthetic enzymes in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Takasaki Masakazu , Satsu Hideo , Shimizu Makoto 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe intracellular level of taurine is maintained both by the taurine transporter (TAUT) and by endogenous synthesis from Met and Cys. We investigated in the present study the regulation of TAUT and of cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), one of the major taurine biosynthetic enzymes, in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. The TAUT activity, expression of TAUT and CDO mRNA were up‐regulated by hypertonicity. In contrast, the TAUT activity, expression of TAUT and CDO mRNA were down‐regulated by taurine‐rich conditions. Furthermore, it was indicated that the up‐regulation of TAUT activity resulted from the increased number of expressed TAUT, and not by the change in affinity of TAUT. On the other hand, the taurine‐induced down‐regulation of TAUT activity resulted not only from a decrease in the number of expressed TAUT but also from a decrease in their affinity. These results suggest that murine TAUT and CDO were cooperatively regulated in response to hypertonicity and taurine‐rich conditions.
3D finite element model of biofilm detachment using real biofilm structures from CLSM data
Authors: Böl Markus , Möhle Roland B. , Haesner Marian , Neu Thomas R. , Horn Harald , Krull Rainer 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this work, a three‐dimensional model of fluid–structure interactions (FSI) in biofilm systems is developed in order to simulate biofilm detachment as a result of mechanical processes. Therein, fluid flow past the biofilm surface results in a mechanical load on the structure which in turn causes internal stresses in the biofilm matrix. When the strength of the matrix is exceeded parts of the structure are detached. The model is used to investigate the influence of several parameters related to the mechanical strength of the biofilm matrix, Young's modulus, Reynolds number, and biofilm structure on biofilm detachment. Variations in biofilm strength and flow conditions significantly influence the simulation outcome. With respect to structural properties the model is widely independent from a change of Young's modulus. A further result of this work indicates that the change of biofilm structure due to growth or other processes will significantly change the stress distribution in the biofilm and thereby the detachment rate. An increase of the mechanical load by increasing fluid flow results in a flat surface of the remaining biofilm structure. It is concluded that the change of structure during biofilm development is the key determinant in terms of the detachment behavior. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 177–186. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.