bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of Lifetime Food Restriction on Development of Osteoarthritis in the Canine Elbow
Authors: HUCK JENNIFER L. , BIERY DARYL N. , LAWLER DENNIS F. , GREGOR THOMAS P. , RUNGE JEFFREY J. , EVANS RICHARD H. , KEALY RICHARD D. , SMITH GAIL K. 
Published: February 2009

Objective—To report the effects of age and lifetime calorie restriction on development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in elbow joints of Labrador retrievers.Study Design—Longitudinal cohort study.Animals—Labrador retriever dogs (n=48).Methods—Puppies from 7 litters were allotted to 2 groups of 24 dogs each. Diet‐restricted (DR) dogs received 25% fewer calories than control‐fed (CF) pair mates. Elbow radiographs were taken at 6 and 8 years of age and end of life (EOL). Gross and histopathologic evaluations for OA occurred at EOL.Results—There was no statistical difference in radiographic OA frequency between groups at any of the time points. Radiographic OA severity was greater for CF dogs at 6 years only (P<.05). There was no significant difference between feeding groups for histopathologic prevalence or severity of OA. Similarly, there were no differences in gross OA lesions between the groups (P>.05). Fragmented medial coronoid process, un‐united anconeal process, and osteochondrosis were not present in any elbow.Conclusion—No differences in prevalence or severity of radiographic and histopathologic elbow OA were found between feeding groups. Diet restriction resulted in a 1.8‐year extension in median lifespan but no additional incremental worsening of elbow disease. Evaluation at time points <6 years may have revealed larger differences in OA prevalence and severity between the dietary groups.Clinical Relevance—These findings support calorie restriction as a clinical tool to slow progression of elbow OA.
Subtotal Coronoid Ostectomy for Treatment of Medial Coronoid Disease in 263 Dogs
Authors: FITZPATRICK NOEL , SMITH THOMAS J. , EVANS RICHARD B. , O'RIORDAN JERRY , YEADON RUSSELL 
Published: February 2009

Objective—To document clinical outcomes after subtotal coronoid ostectomy (SCO) for treatment of medial coronoid disease (MCD).Study Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals—Dogs (n=263) with MCD.Methods—MCD was treated by a combination of SCO via mini‐arthrotomy, cage confinement (6 weeks), leash restricted exercise (12 weeks) and pentosan polysulfate administration. Outcomes were assessed by clinical examination in the short‐term (324 elbows), owner questionnaires (146 dogs), clinical examination (90 dogs), subjective assessment of gait (110 elbows) and radiographic examination (180 elbows), 4 months to 7 years 7 months after surgery.Results—One intraoperative complication occurred (1 elbow with fissuring of the ulna) and 8.2% elbows had immediate postoperative complications, the most common being wound infection (7%). Improvement in subjective lameness assessment to a score of 0 was noted at 5 weeks in 74.4% of elbows (veterinary) and 45.6% (owner) and at 12 weeks in 71.5% (veterinary), and 91.2% (owner). Subjective assessments of outcomes in the medium‐term revealed 81.9% dogs remained sound, with significantly (P<.05) improved daily function scores compared with preoperative values, 83.5% of dogs received no NSAID. Clinical examination revealed good limb function and subjective assessment showed 51% of limbs were free from lameness. Radiographic progression of osteophytosis occurred on average by one grade.Conclusion—Management of MCD using the described management regime, including SCO via mini‐arthrotomy, deserves consideration and comparison with existing treatment methods.Clinical Significance—Management of MCD by SCO can be considered when gross fissuring or fragmentation of the MCP is not evident. This technique does not require specialized instrumentation.
Early Clinical Experience with Osteochondral Autograft Transfer for Treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Medial Humeral Condyle in Dogs
Authors: FITZPATRICK NOEL , YEADON RUSSELL , SMITH THOMAS J. 
Published: February 2009

Objective—To establish whether osteochondral autograft transfer (OAT) procedures for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the canine elbow would restore articular contour, resurface osteochondral defects with hyaline cartilage, and resolve lameness in the short term.Study Design—Case series.Animals—Dogs (n=27) with medial humeral condylar OCD.Methods—After arthroscopic assessment, the medial humeral condyle was exposed by arthrotomy. Medial coronoid disease (MCD) was managed by subtotal coronoid ostectomy, then the OCD lesion debrided and OATS™instrumentation used for resurfacing the defect with osteochondral core grafts collected from the stifle. Recipient sockets were created to maximally resurface OCD lesions. Six elbows also had proximal ulnar osteotomy. Outcomes measures included subjective clinical, radiographic, and arthroscopic examination at 12–18 weeks.Results—Of 33 treated elbows, 30 also had MCD. Accurate reconstruction of the medial humeral condylar surface was achieved in all joints. Lameness resolved in 3–13 weeks in 26 of 31 limbs with follow‐up. Arthroscopic outcomes for elbows with concomitant MCD but without proximal ulnar osteotomy were variable (14/24 good, 5/24 intermediate, 5/24 poor). Short‐term outcome for OCD without MCD (n=2) and when proximal ulnar osteotomy (n=5) was performed were positive. Long‐term assessments of 7 dogs suggested minimal donor site morbidity.Conclusions—OAT procedures are technically feasible in the canine elbow. In elbows with concurrent MCD, proximal ulnar osteotomy may improve likelihood of positive clinical outcome.Clinical Relevance—OAT procedures warrant further evaluation as a treatment option for selected cases of OCD involving the canine medial humeral condyle.
Techniques of Application and Initial Clinical Experience with Sliding Humeral Osteotomy for Treatment of Medial Compartment Disease of the Canine Elbow
Authors: FITZPATRICK NOEL , YEADON RUSSELL , SMITH THOMAS , SCHULZ KURT 
Published: February 2009

Objective—To determine medium‐term clinical efficacy of sliding humeral osteotomy (SHO) for treatment of lameness and elbow pain associated with clinically diagnosed elbow disease featuring cartilage eburnation of the medial elbow compartment (medial compartment disease—MCD).Study Design—Case series.Animals—Dogs (n=49) with severe or persistent lameness attributable to MCD.Methods—Signalment, lameness history, and preoperative imaging findings were recorded. A custom, locking, stepped SHO plate was applied to the medial aspect of the humerus, stabilizing a mid‐diaphyseal transverse osteotomy, medially translating the distal segment relative to the proximal segment. Three variants of technique of application were used and outcomes compared between respective patient groups. Outcome measures included lameness scoring, anatomic measures, VAS scoring of elbow pain, and owner assessment of function. Measures recorded preoperatively, 12, and 26 weeks postoperatively were compared.Results—Of 59 limbs that had SHO, 39 had preoperative focal treatment of the diseased medial aspect of the coronoid process. Mean ± SD dog age was 45.5 ± 37.48 months and body weight ranged from 13.6 to 46.7 kg. Mean preoperative duration of lameness was 14.7 ± 18.50 months. Lameness improved for all limbs by 26 weeks, and resolved in 21/32 limbs. Significant improvements in postoperative elbow pain scores and most owner assessments of function were observed. Incidence of major complications requiring surgical intervention was 17.2%, 22.2%, and 4.8% for each of the 3 technique variants described. Histologic examination of 2 elbows at >12 months revealed fibrocartilage cover of medial aspect of humeral condyle.Conclusions—Canine SHO with or without focal treatment of the diseased medial aspect of the coronoid process ameliorates lameness and pain associated with MCD at medium‐term follow‐up. Application technique is critical to minimizing morbidity.Clinical Relevance—SHO is appropriate for clinical management of pain and lameness in select cases of canine MCD.
Nonconstrained Elbow Replacement in Dogs
Authors: CONZEMIUS MIKE 
Published: February 2009

Objective—To review development of a nonconstrained total elbow replacement system for use in dogs and report the surgical technique used for implantation.Study Design—Descriptive report.Animals—Dogs with chronic elbow osteoarthritis (OA) unresponsive to medical management for at least 1 year.Methods—A nonconstrained elbow replacement system (radioulnar and humeral components) was developed and used in dogs with medically nonresponsive elbow OA. The components were refined based on evaluation of clinical outcome. Changes in humeral stem design for composite fixation, the contours of the articulating surfaces, and in the humeral component to increase range of motion were incorporated. Drilling and cutting guides were developed to facilitate accuracy of implantation.Results—With component refinement, more favorable long‐term functional outcome was achieved.Conclusions—Design improvements incorporated into the elbow replacement system should increase treatment success.Clinical Relevance—Total elbow replacement in dogs is possible and good long‐term outcome can be achieved.
A Human Factors Engineering Implementation Program Used on Offshore Installations
Authors: McSWEENEY KEVIN P. , De KOKER THEO , MILLER GERRY 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper discusses a practical and successful approach for Human Factors Engineering (HFE) Implementation Program (HFEIP) development and integration in the design of offshore installations. This HFEIP strategy has evolved over many years with numerous successes in the offshore industry. This paper focuses on:

The different tasks that should be included in an HFEIP.
Examples of the application of the different tasks in the HFEIP.
HFEIP lessons learned.

Note: The examples of the application of the HFEIP Program tasks in this paper have been reported by the HFE professionals principally responsible for the development of the HFEIP described herein. The examples are from current and past experiences involving major offshore Engineering, Procurement, Construction, and Installation projects. These projects include but are not limited to: Tension Leg Platforms, Spar's, and a Floating Platform for Storage and Offloading unit.
Intelligent Ship Arrangements: A New Approach to General Arrangement
Authors: PARSONS MICHAEL G. , CHUNG HYUN , NICK ELEANOR , DANIELS ANTHONY , LIU SU , PATEL JIGNESH 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA new surface ship general arrangement optimization system developed at the University of Michigan is described. The Intelligent Ship Arrangements system is a native C++, Leading Edge Architecture for Prototyping Systems–compatible software system that will assist the designer in developing rationally based arrangements that satisfy design specific needs as well as general Navy requirements and standard practices to the maximum extent practicable. This software system is intended to be used following or as a latter part of ASSET synthesis. The arrangement process is approached as two essentially two‐dimensional tasks. First, the spaces are allocated to Zone‐decks, one deck in one vertical zone, on the ship's inboard profile. Then the assigned spaces are arranged in detail on the deck plan of each Zone‐deck in succession. Consideration is given to overall location, adjacency, separation, access, area requirements, area utilization, and compartment shape. The system architecture is quite general to facilitate its evolution to address additional design issues, such as distributive system design, in the future.
Managing the Operational Constraints in Ship Machinery Design and Installation: Synthesis of Design‐Based Failures for Improving the Structural Quality of Shipboard Systems
Authors: CELIK METIN 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAlthough the relevant standards, technical innovations, international rules, and safety‐related regulations enforce the shipbuilding industry to improve the design and structural quality of the merchant ships, there are still many design‐based failures that are being encountered by operators during the service period. Design‐based failures that have an influence on the technical performance and operational efficiency cause minor or catastrophic consequences, increase human errors, and impair safety on board ships. This paper mainly focuses on examining the potential causes and effects of design‐based deficiencies in ship machinery space on board merchant ships by referring to the outcomes of experimental surveys, ship deficiency reports, and marine accident statistics. In addition, a shipyard‐centered information network on monitoring design‐based failures is proposed for managing the gaps between designers, operators, and equipment manufacturers. It encourages the shipyard organizations to enhance the design and structural quality of the shipboard systems.
Intelligent Electromechanical Actuators to Modernize Ship Operations
Authors: TESAR DELBERT , KRISHNAMOORTHY GANESH 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe Navy is determining the viability of replacing hydraulic actuation for Navy platforms by using advanced torque‐dense electromechanical actuators (EMAs). The goal is to create a Standardized Actuator Building Block (SABB) to open up the ship architecture, enhancing performance while reducing the threat of obsolescence, enable rapid reconfiguration (fight through) after attack, expand performance, and dramatically shorten the associated logistics trail. This can make refreshment even at sea feasible with significant improvements in ship availability and reduced dock time. Cost is also of increasing interest to the Navy in order to produce more combatant platforms for a given budget. SABBs can be downgraded (to reduce cost) or upgraded (to meet more demanding performance requirements) all within the same set of standards (quick‐change interfaces, sizes, geometry, etc.). These modules can be rapidly replaced even by a nominally trained technician (reducing training costs) and therefore reducing the number of ship personnel. This paper outlines the merits of the crucial component to achieve the abovementioned objectives: the EMA. The EMA is the exact equivalent of the computer chip to computers—to drive anything that moves on the ship. In conjunction with the intelligent actuator control framework, developed based on extensive research in robotics and intelligent machines at The University of Texas Robotics Research Group, this technology can now be leveraged to make a significant contribution to the modernization of future ships and submarines.
Use of rapid tests and antiviral medications for influenza among primary care providers in the United States
Authors: Katz Mark A. , Lamias Mark J. , Shay David K. , Uyeki Timothy M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractLimited data are available about how physicians diagnose and treat influenza. We conducted an internet‐based survey of primary care and emergency physicians to evaluate the use of influenza testing and antiviral medications for diagnosis and treatment of influenza. In April 2005, an electronic link to a 33‐question, web‐based survey was emailed to members of the American College of Physicians, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Family Physicians, and American College of Emergency Physicians. Of the 157 674 physician members of the four medical societies, 2649 surveys were completed (1·7%). The majority of participants were internists (59%). Sixty percent of respondents reported using rapid tests to diagnose influenza. Factors associated with using rapid influenza tests included physician specialty, type of patient insurance, and practice setting. After controlling for insurance and community setting, emergency physicians and pediatricians were more likely to use rapid influenza tests than internists [odds ratio (OR) 3·7, confidence interval (CI): 2·3–6·1; and OR 1·7, CI: 1·4–2·1, respectively]. Eighty‐six percent of respondents reported prescribing influenza antiviral medications. Reasons for not prescribing antivirals included: patients do not usually present for clinical care within 48 hours of symptom onset (53·0%), cost of antivirals (42·6%) and skepticism about antiviral drug effectiveness (21·7%). The use of rapid tests and antiviral medications for influenza varied by medical specialty. Educating physicians about the utility and limitations of rapid influenza tests and antivirals, and educating patients about seeking prompt medical care for influenza‐like illness during influenza season could lead to more rapid diagnosis and improved management of influenza.
Characterisation of a highly pathogenic influenza A virus of subtype H5N2 isolated from ostriches in South Africa in 2004
Authors: Abolnik Celia , Londt Brandon Z. , Manvell Ruth J. , Shell Wendy , Banks Jill , Gerdes Gertruida H. , Akol George , Brown Ian H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives  The HPAI H5N2 strain that caused an outbreak in ostriches of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa in 2004 was characterized.Design  Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) were performed on sera from ostrich farms in the outbreak region, and intravenous pathogenicity (IVPI) tests, reverse‐transcriptase‐polymerase‐chain reaction (RT‐PCR), nucleic acid sequencing and phylogenetic comparisons were performed on the HPAI H5N2 virus isolated during the outbreak.Results  The deduced amino acid sequence at the HA0 cleavage site determined by RT‐PCR and nucleotide sequencing was PQREKRRKKRGLF and thus the virus fell within the definition of a highly pathogenic virus, but in an IVPI test in chickens on the virus isolated from the index case and a value of 0·63 was recorded, which is below the criterion for highly pathogenic viruses in this in vivo test. After a further passage in embryonated eggs a second IVPI was carried out and an elevated value of 1·19 was obtained. Cloacal swabs were taken from the initial IVPI birds, inoculated into embryonated chickens eggs and a third IVPI was then performed on the resulting haemagglutinating, infective allantoic fluid. An index of 2·73 was recorded.Conclusions  HI tests appeared to be the more sensitive test compared to AGID when testing for antibodies to avian influenza in sera. An ostrich‐derived virus with a virulent HA0 cleavage site was not initially virulent in chickens but after passage in the latter the virulence increased. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated the link between AI viruses carried by wild ducks and those infecting ostriches.
Media, Politics and Climate Change: Towards a New Research Agenda
Authors: Anderson Alison 
Published: February 2009

AbstractClimate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time, and the media have been demonstrated to play a key role in shaping public perceptions and policy agendas. Journalists are faced with multiple challenges in covering this complex field. This article provides an overview of existing research on the media framing of climate change, highlighting major research themes and assessing future potential research developments. It argues that analysis of the reporting of climate science must be placed in the wider context of the growing concentration and globalization of news media ownership, and an increasingly ‘promotional culture’, highlighted by the rapid rise of the public relations industry in recent years and claims‐makers who employ increasingly sophisticated media strategies. Future research will need to examine in‐depth the targeting of media by a range of actors, as well as unravel complex information flows across countries as media increasingly converge.
Beetle abundance–environment relationships at the Subantarctic–Patagonian transition zone
Authors: RUGGIERO ADRIANA , SACKMANN PAULA , FARJI‐BRENER ALEJANDRO G. , KUN MARCELO 
Published: February 2009

Abstract.The spatial variation in the abundance of individuals may be associated with the variation in environmental variables. The productivity hypothesis proposes that climate affects plant productivity, which may limit the abundance of beetles. The thermal‐limitation hypothesis proposes the direct effect of ambient temperature may limit beetle abundance. We analysed the abundance of epigaeic beetles at the Subantarctic–Patagonian transition to test for these abundance–environment relationships.We collected beetles using 450 pitfall traps within a ~150 × 150 km area representative of the Subantarctic–Patagonian transition. We used path analysis to evaluate the relationships between beetle abundance and plant cover, litter biomass, averaged minimum and daily temperature range, and mean annual precipitation. We used principal coordinates of neighbour matrices to model the spatial autocorrelation of the data.The abundance of beetles increased strongly with tree canopy cover and less strongly with herb cover. The increase in shrub cover had a positive effect on beetle abundance in areas to the east of the transition, within the scrubland‐steppe, but it has a negative effect on beetle abundance in areas to the west of the transition, within the forests. The association between beetle abundance and minimum daily temperature was negative or weak throughout. Increased temperature variation had a negative effect on beetle abundance.We suggest that indirect positive climatic effects mediated through plant cover are important to account for the variation in beetle abundance, which favours the productivity hypothesis. Thermal limitation may operate locally through variation in daily temperature range.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers from the limpet Cellana grata
Authors: NG W. C. , CHAN M. N. , SLINGSBY G. , WILLIAMS GRAY A. , LEUNG F. C. C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis note describes the development of nine polymorphic microsatellite loci in the limpet Cellana grata to investigate population structure and cohort variation in this species. The number of alleles ranged from seven to 22 and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.62 to 0.95. Deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was detected in two loci, both as a result of heterozygote deficiency. Null alleles were detected in one of these loci. These genetic markers will be used to investigate the genetic structure of C. grata populations, as well as variation among cohorts of this common intertidal species.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the northern flicker (Colaptes auratus; Aves)
Authors: KUHN SYLVIA , WIEBE KAREN L. , KEMPENAERS BART 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTo investigate the mating system of northern flickers (Colaptes auratus), we developed primers for 14 microsatellite loci and screened them in 68 unrelated adults and their offspring. All markers were highly polymorphic with 9 to +36 alleles per locus. One marker was Z‐chromosome linked; one marker exceeded the size standard range and could not be analysed further. We checked the other 12 markers for Mendelian inheritance in 36 broods for which the social parents were known. Seven markers showed evidence for the presence of null alleles, and three of those showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Markers were generally unlinked.
Species‐specific primers for predation studies of the pollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae)
Authors: CASSEL‐LUNDHAGEN ANNA , ÖBERG SANDRA , HÖGFELDT CAROL , EKBOM BARBARA 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSpecies‐specific primers were developed for the pollen beetle (a pest in oilseed rape) for studies of predation by natural insect predators. Two forward and three reverse primers were designed within the mitochondrial COI gene and used in combination to amplify fragments in the size range of 163–290 bp. Remains of pollen beetle DNA were consistently detected in Pardosa spiders up to 24 h after ingestion but dropped drastically at 48 h. These primers will facilitate studies on biological control of this oilseed rape pest. Detection time was not correlated with fragment length as might be expected as the DNA gradually degrades into progressively shorter fragments over time.