bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Idealization and Omnipotence within the Group Matrix
Authors: Hyde Keith 
Published: March 2007

This paper describes a group where development is limited through idealization of the group conductor. The splitting which results from the group members' determination to meet informally (the pavement group) leads to `cure' only being obtainable through development of an idealized relationship with the conductor. Warm, emotionally involved, non-rivalrous relationships occur on the pavement, as do normal disappointing relationships. Within the group the conductor is often attacked and criticized, but the hidden idealization persists, together with the hopelessness of ever attaining the desired relationship. The personal networks of group members form a group matrix in which a persecutory authority permanently resides which will block the individual's maturation. At a certain point members must leave the group if they are to develop and mature. There is no potential for rapprochement with the omnipotent authority within the matrix. This authority is typically located within the conductor, but any member who attempts to establish the idealized relationship becomes the location for this authority, and the object of envious attack. The concepts of self-psychology (Heinz Kohut) are applied to the group and the matrix.
The Logic of Court Reform: Is Frederick Taylor Gloating?
Authors: Hays Steven W. 
Published: March 2007

Court reformers for the past 70 years have been advocating court unification. This reform has, within recent years, enjoyed amazing popularity. Dozens of states are presently considering and/or implementing structural and administrative consolidation of their judicial systems. Despite the significance of these reforms, little attention has been paid to the consequences and implications of judicial unification. The present undertaking represents an attempt to fill this void. After discussing the underlying logic of court reform, the author assesses the utility of this "theory " relative to contemporary management thought. Because court unification was developed as a "cure-all," it suffers from overgeneralizations regarding the nature of state and local justice. Indeed, it is characterized as being in direct conflict with many of the most cherished aspects of local justice. A number of alternative reform strategies are offered as potential means of reconciling the need for competent judicial administration with a concern for local autonomy and other components of American judicial tradition.
Dustiness of Compostable Waste: a Methodological Approach To Quantify the Potential of Waste To Generate Airborne Micro-Organisms and Endotoxin
Authors: Breum Niels O. , Nielsen Birgitte H. , Nielsen Eva M. , Midtgaard Uffe , Poulsen Otto M. 
Published: March 2007

The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of different waste storage systems on the potential of the waste to emit airborne dust, micro-organisms and endotoxin. Batches of 8.8 kg of compostable waste were mcubated at 20°C for periods of 1-2 weeks in three different storage systems: a system with relatively free access of air (FA) to the waste (paper bags in the kitchen, paper sacks outside the house), a system with low access (LA) of air (plastic bags in the kitchen, a container outside the house), and an intermediate (IA) system (trash can in the kitchen, a container outside the house). The compostable waste was prepared in the laboratory using a standard recipe simulating average kitchen waste in Denmark Weight loss and temperature of the waste were recorded during the storage period. After incubation, the volume of percolate was determined and the dustiness of the waste was measured in terms of the potential of the waste to emit bio-aerosols in a rotating drum. Storage in the FA system resulted in high weight loss of the waste (15-25% per week), a maximum temperature of 45°C and no percolate was observed. The LA system resulted in low weight loss (<3% per week), a temperature at ambient level and a volume of percolate less than 0.1 litre. Waste stored in the IA system was intermediate with a weight loss of 5-8% per week, a maximum temperature of 36°C and a volume of percolate less than 1 litre. Dustiness in terms of dust, endotoxin and micro-organisms was highly correlated to weight loss of the waste. Storage of the waste in the FA system resulted in extremely high concentrations of airborne micro-organisms in the rotating drum compared to that seen after storage in the LA system. The dustiness with respect to airborne Aspergillus fumigatus was at least a factor of 400 000 higher for FA waste compared to LA waste. The present method of testing dustiness of waste is considered important for the design of waste collection equipment and may therefore, over time, contribute to an improved air quality for the workers engaged in waste handling. © 1997 ISWA
Testing Knowledge About Adult Education
Authors: Dickinson Gary , Rubidge Nicholas A. 
Published: March 2007

A few specialized fields of practice in adult education have begun to develop standardized tests of learning outcomes, but no one has yet done so for the discipline itself. Objective tests might be useful adjuncts to instruction about adult education, as they would facilitate the determination of entry and exit knowledge levels of participants in both credit and non-credit programs and assist in the design of instruction. This study reports the develop ment and application of a test of knowldege about five topical areas in adult education. A 100-item true-false test was constructed and administered to 124 students enrolled in graduate and undergraduate courses in adult education. Three procedures were used to estimate reliability, and the obtained coefficients were considered acceptable for the total instrument, questionable for four topical areas, and poor for the items concerned with the adult learner. The construct validity of the instrument was examined by relating test scores to the background characteristics of those completing the test. The chief factor influencing test scores was found to be the number of previous university courses in adult education. The utility of the instrument was explored in several credit and non-credit programs and was found generally to be a useful component of the instructional process. Significant differences were noted between pre and post measures in the majority of cases. The results of the study suggest the desirability of developing additional instruments to measure higher cognitive levels, atti tudes, and skills in adult education.
Introductory Material Structure and Prior Knowledge Effects On Adult Learning
Authors: Grotelueschen Arden D. 
Published: March 2007

In an effort to identify the effects of presenting differentially structured in troductory learning materials, adults of three levels of prior knowledge of a specific mathematics concept, numeral sets in various bases, were given two differentially structured sets of instructional materials. One set was abstract throughout and the other progressed from concrete to abstract in structure. It was found that the cognitive structure created by prior knowledge of the con cept can influence meaningful subsequent learning. Subjects with little prior knowledge benefited most from materials structured to progress from the concrete to the abstract, while subjects with high level of prior knowledge benefited more from materials that were abstract throughout.
The Nature of Counseling Expertise in Adult Education Practice
Authors: Even Mary Jane 
Published: March 2007

Through extensive diagnoses and analyses, practicing adult educators identified 63 areas of knowledge, attitude, and skill which they believed would help them to work more effectively with people on many levels and in many situations. The needs were judged to be part of the counseling process. Much of the knowledge, attitudes, and skills identified is not being provided in graduate adult education programs and could represent needs brought about by the ever changing social milieu of adult education. Based upon the outcomes of the diagnoses, a potentially useful label has been suggested which interpolates counseling expertise into adult education terminology. The term is "interpersonal expertise" and is based upon the assump tions, philosophies, and processes of the field of adult education.
Learn to Manage Pay and Performance Like an Entrepreneur
Authors: Cantoni Craig J. 
Published: March 2007

Too much of the conventional wisdom about pay and performance management is based on large companies' practices. These firms typically define fairness in terms of consistency, reliance on inflexible human resource systems, and a culture that attracts and retains people who are more comfortable with predictability and fairness than with ambiguity and risk-taking. The bigger the firm, the more likely it will publish salary grades and ranges, rely on formal job evaluation, and use HR programs that don't support effective performance management. Entrepreneurial firms, on the other hand, manage pay and performance effectively, not because they have sophisticated programs, but because they need to eliminate weak links and to reward top performers. They also have leaders who know what is happening in the organization and the will to hold people accountable for their performance. Big companies can manage like their entrepreneurial counterparts if they are willing to replace some long-standing HR practices with an HR approach that values inconsistency, flexibility, and hands-on management.
Romania's Mystical Revolutionaries: the Generation of Angst and Adventure Revisited
Authors: Tismaneanu Vladimir , Pavel Dan 
Published: March 2007

“The point was to do something, heroic or criminal, which was unpredictable and undetermined by anybody else.” Hannah Arendt “... the saddest are among the youth; because their days are burning with doubts and their respite plagued with endless settlings of accounts with themselves.” Nae Ionescu “Everything begins in mystique and ends in politics.” Charles Péguy
Localization and the Use of Information Sources
Authors: Fuellhart Kurt 
Published: March 2007

Business scholars have long emphasized the need for a continuous flow of strategic, tactical and operational information in order for decision makers to make informed organizational choices. However, much of the practical and theoretical work on ‘organizational learning’ and ‘environmental scanning’ has been aspatial and focused on the large corporation. Researchers of small business dynamics and entrepreneurship have measured firms’ use of information sources, but this work also remains largely aspatial. Geographers have only begun to scratch the surface of the relationships between forms of industrial spatial organization and the use of specific information sources at a firm level. Coupling these various perspectives, I investigate the use and qualitative assessment of information sources by establishments in a highly localized industry (carpets in northern Georgia) and make some comparisons with several other industries in other regions (plastics and textile producers). Analysis is based upon responses to a mail survey soliciting information from (mainly small) firms regarding their use of 15 common sources of market and technical information. I contextualize the use of information sources in the carpet industry by reviewing important industry trends and circumstances as well as the industry’s spatial organization. The results indicate that firms in the carpet industry, perhaps the most agglomerated industry in the United States, report relatively low overall use and availability of common sources of information compared with firms in other industries and regions. Organizational attributes, such as size and affiliation, may have stronger relationships to the sources of information that firms typically use than local context.
Moral Development and its Relation to Perspective Taking Ability
Authors: Ittyerah Miriam , Mahindra Kanika 
Published: March 2007

An attempt was made to study the relationships between moral development and perspective taking abilities of children at three age levels (i.e., 5-6 years, 8-9 years and 11-12 years). The results indicated that both moral reasoning and perspective taking improved with age. Gender differences were significant for only the cognitive perspec tive taking ability suggesting that girls possess more prosocial characteristics. Multiple correlations indicated that perspective taking abilities have a significant effect on moral reasoning for only the youngest age group. This suggests that perspective taking ability is a crucial mediator for moral development at the initial stages. Hence, perspective taking once acquired increases only slightly to include the areas of perception or cognition, whereas moral reasoning is acquired through slow and successive comprehension of the various moral issues confronted in the course of development.
Perceived Role of Human Resource Management in Indian Organizations: An Empirical Study 1
Authors: Bhal Kanika T. 
Published: March 2007

The role of HR professionals needs to undergo a radical shift with the changing Indian corporate scenario. A new set of roles where the focus shifts from doables to deliverables based on Ulrich (1997) has been con ceptualized and operationalized in this study. The first role of HR Professionals as a Strategy Integrator deals with aligning business and HR strategies of an organization. The second role focuses on being an Efficient Administrator, which would mean designing and developing efficient transaction mechanisms. The third role focuses on the HR Professionals acting as a Nurturant Patron to help employees accomplish their goals by providing them with resources and ensuring that employees are not overwhelmed by expectations. Finally, the fourth role of the HR Professional is that of a proactive Transition Facilitator to help organizations to anticipate change and deal with it. To begin with, examples of these roles from Indian organizations are identified to explicate these roles. Further, a questionnaire survey of 103 respondents from 14 organizations (five from Consumer Durables and nine from IT) was conducted. The key results of the study indicated that HR is not perceived to play a differentiated role in Indian organizations. The survey also found an inherent bias in the perceptions of the HR professionals vis-à-vis the non-HR professionals (from other areas) regarding the role played by HR professionals in these organizations. Results and their implications are discussed.
Degradation of Electrodeposited Polypyrroles
Authors: Burford R.P. , Moss B.K. , Lamb R. 
Published: March 2007

The degradation behaviour of polypyrroles with p-toluene sulfonate, perchlorate and tetrafluoroborate counter-ions has been studied using several techniques. The kinetics of conductiv ity decay in several environments have been measured and activation energies determined. XPS has been used to characterise the polymer surface and chemical changes to the polymer backbone and counter-ion monitored with time at elevated temperatures. The XPS study has been complemented by static SIMS. SEM has been used to follow changes in morphology in polymers aged in air, oxidising environ ments and exposed to UV Changes in mechanical behaviour are correlated with thermogravimetric data. A variety of stabilisers were incorporated into the polypyrrole and the effect upon durability moni tored. Those methods and materials which give significant enhancement in behaviour will be dis cussed.
An Integrated Design Evaluation System Supporting Thermal-Structural Iterations
Authors: Eliasson Peter , Isaksson Ola , Jeppsson Peter , Fernström Göran 
Published: March 2007

In the design of high temperature components, design evaluation often requires an iterative procedure between thermal fluid and thermal structural simulations An integrated computer system providing an iterative environment for the multidisciplinary simulations re quired has been developed. The system supports iterations between thermal fluid and thermal structural simulations using two different commercial simulation packages. Traditionally, fluid and structural analysis have been simulated separately and analysis of coupled prob lems has required special, multidisciplinary simulation packages which are seldom used in early stages of design. Improving the infrastruc ture for data exchange between separate computer applications is one way to significantly reduce the lead time for design iterations. This reduction in lead-time allows multidisciplinary effects to be accounted for in early stages of design. The design system is demonstrated on an exhaust manifold, where the thermal interaction between fluid and structure is of significant importance. The commercial simulation tools have been integrated to demonstrate the effect of automised data flow on design methodology, i.e , de sign iterations. This integration method makes use of existing features in the simulation packages and uses an export file format as the neu tral exchange format. In this way, the integrated system is simple and fast to develop which is preferred in small prototype systems and de velopment project Database integration supports a tighter integration, but requires more development effort. For design systems, where several design tools need to communicate, standardised information management procedures are preferable, following the ideas of the STEP framework.
Social Support, Self-Worth, and Depression in Offending and Nonoffending Mothers of Maltreated Children
Authors: Kinard E. Milling 
Published: March 2007

Offending mothers of maltreated children were compared twice, one year apart, with nonoffending mothers of maltreated children on measures of social support, self-worth, and depressive symptoms. Offending mothers generally did not differ from nonoffending mothers on perceived social support or self-worth. The two groups did not differ on depressive symptoms at the first interview (Time 1), but depressive symptoms decreased more over time for nonoffending mothers than for offending mothers. Perceptions of low social support from family and friends were the strongest predictors of more negative perceptions of self-worth and greater depressive symptomatology at Time 1. At Time 2, support from friends remained a significant independent predictor of self-worth and depressive symptoms, but support from family was no longer significant. Mothers whose children experienced a repetitive pattern of maltreatment and mothers who were not offenders had more depressive symptoms at Time 1. Single mothers experienced more depressive symptoms at Time 1, while lower education was associated with increased depressive symptoms at Time 2. The findings have important implications for planning interventions with maltreating families.
Adolescent Clothing and Adjustment
Authors: Drake Mary Frances , Ford Imogene M. 
Published: March 2007

The major objectives of this research were to explore two basic general questions: (1) does race, sex, or grade influence clothing and social and personal adjustment variables, and (2) what are the relationships among clothing attitudes and adjustment variables? The subjects were 213 fe males and males (age range 14–19), Blacks and Whites, ninth and tenth grade, in a city high school. Demographic facts of race, sex, and grade were transcribed from school records. A question naire was designed in three sections to collect data for clothing attitudes and social and personal adjustment variables.Differences in race, sex, and grade were tested by analysis of variance. Chi‐square statistics were computed to test that the coefficients of correlation were from the same population.Race, sex, and grade did not have an effect on the clothing attitude, dressing for self. Sex had an effect on feelings of clothing deprivation, with females experiencing more deprivation than males. The effect of sex on dressing for others indicated that females more than males were likely to dress for others. The white subjects regarded dressing for others as more important than the black subjects. Tenth grade subjects regarded dressing for others as more important than 9th grade sub jects. Self‐acceptance was affected by sex. Females had lower self‐acceptance than the males, with black 10th graders having the lowest self‐acceptance. Black subjects accepted Blacks socially, and Whites accepted Whites.
A Home Production Activity Model
Authors: Beutler Ivan F. , Owen Alma J. 
Published: March 2007

The basic theoretical framework for a home production activity model is developed here. This model provides a unified context in which to view production activities, especially within the home. A rationale for the widely held concept of utility is explained, thereby integrating social, psychological, and economic theory in a single theoretical construct. Such an inter disciplinary approach facilitates the understanding and explanation of the processes by which the family carries out its diverse functions.Production activities are examined in an input‐output model and are differentiated accord ing to a classification of household, market, or home production. Output is defined in such a manner as to specifically expand the recently developed characteristic approach to consumer decision‐ making. This process allows us to view a broad range of family activities and place them on a continuum extending from production to consumption. Such a perspective pro vides a framework for analyzing home management and family development decisions of re source allocation with respect to human capital, material capital, time, consumption, and production.
Bureaucratic responses to executive orders
Authors: Sanders Robert M. 
Published: March 2007

Governmental crises may become reality when Presidential orders are not implemented by the bureaucracy. Through formal delegation and informal power, the bureaucracy can stall, ignore or delay orders mandated by the ex ecutive, despite the widespread notion that the American Presidency possesses great potency. During national emergencies, the chief executive must not only implement solutions, but must arbitrate between agency officials more con cerned with enacting personal policies than following executive directives. Fragmentation between the technical and administrative components of the public sector may result in disasters such as nuclear reactor accidents. Struggles to implement preferred policy within a Presidential administration may result in greater calamities; the aggravation of tensions between nations, and, possi bly, a nuclear exchange between the superpowers. Since the end of the Second World War, Presidents have been faced with this scenario on several occasions. Through alliances with other branches, the civil service can establish hear ings which can not only slow Presidential orders, but also muster public sup port for the bureaucracy's cause. Agency chiefs, cognizant that more resources create more powerful organizations, devise clever strategies to expand budgets, even when the chief executive mandates cutbacks. Local agency leaders have even initiated litigation to regain funding impounded under deficit reduction legislation.
Polish Privatization Program: Action, Symbolism And Cultural Barriers
Authors: Obloj Krzysztof , Kostera Monika 
Published: March 2007

This article examines the organizational culture in Polish privatized compa nies. Culture is not perceived by the authorities responsible for implement ing as a major factor calling for consideration. The reform is seen primarily as a political and economical issue. From their experience as consultants and students of management culture the authors recognize culture as a powerful factor, which can become a pow erful barrier to the implementation of the reform of Polish state-owned enter prises and a trigger of severe crises in the privatized firms. The paper describes and interprets some of the interesting contradictions that arise between the values declared by the managers of the privatized SOEs (and promoted by the authorities) and the values-in-use in the companies.