bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptoms of forest decline (Waldsterben) on Norway and red spruce
Authors: Liedeker H. , Schütt P. , Klein R. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStands of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) in Vermontwere examined for morphological symptoms of forest decline. Defoliation pattern, needle discoloration, regeneration of proventitious secondary shoots, and the formation of unusually short internodes with exceptionally small foliage were the same for both Norway and red spruce. Qualitative and quantitative analysis detected no significant variation between the two species in Vermont, suggesting that the symptoms examined are not specific for Norway spruce. Forest declinesymptomatology of Norway spruce in northeastern North America closely parallels the descriptions of ‘Waldsterben’ symptoms in the German literature.
Intersterilitätsgruppen und Klone von Heterobasidion annosum‐Isolaten aus Koniferen‐ Wurzel‐ und ‐Stammfäulen
Authors: Von Siepmann R. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Intersterility groups and clones of Heterobasidion annosum isolates from root and butt rots of conifers 69 H. annousum heterokaryons from scots pine, Douglas fir, Norway spruce and larch belonged to the P group, three heterokaryons from Norway spruce to the S group. The results of a study with clones of H. annosum isolates from roots of Scotch pine trees in close neighbourhood suggest colonisation by H. annosum (partly) via root contacts.
Cyclaneusma (Naemacyclus) minus an Pinus sylvestris in Polen
Authors: Von Kowalski T. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Cyclaneusma minus on Pinus sylvestris needles in Poland. The occurrence of C. minus on living and dead needles was investigated in 140 Pinus sylvestris stands of Southern Poland. C. minus could be found at all locations; it was less common in older stands than in younger ones. In young planta tions (up to the age of 20 years) the fungus caused heavy cast of (mostly two year old) needles.
Betula seedling establishment in response to forest decline induced canopy degeneration
Authors: Perkins T. D. , Klein R. M. , Vogelmann H. W. , Badger' G. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHigh mortality of dominant tree species, especially red spruce (Picea rubens) in the transition and lower montane coniferous zones on Camels Hump, Vermont, USA, has resulted in changes in the microclimate of the forest floor. Regeneration of tree seedlings (2 em dbh) was measured within one‐meter‐square quadrats and compared with results from the same forest zones in 1965. Yellow birch (Betula allegbaniensis) and heart‐leaved paper birch (B. papyrifera var. cordifolia) show large increases in seedling density, particularly in the zones where canopy decline and light intensity changes have been highest. The effects that increased birch establishment will have on the luture structure and composition of these forests are unknown.
Quantification of fungal infection in spruce needles from different sourcesc
Authors: Osswald W. F. , Elstner E. E 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA large number of batches of green as well as of chlorotic spruce needles were tested for fungal infection. Using ergosterol as a biochemical indicator for fungal colonization, the highest ergosterol contents were always found in partially or uniformly necrotized needles. However, no correlation was found between the ergosterol concentration and the chlorophyll content i. e. the degree of bleaching.
Virus contamination of waters in two forest districts of the Rhineland area (FRG)
Authors: Büttner Carmen , Nienhaus F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractViruses were detected in water samples collected from two forest districts of NorthrhineWcstfalia in early spring 1985 and 1986. Mechanically transmissible viruses of the Tobamo Potex‐ and Tombusvirus groups were isolated from 39 of 66 water samples taken from creeks, ponds and drainage ditches.
Scirrhia pini Funk et Parker. Life cycle of the fungus in plantations of Pinus nigra Arn. in Serbia
Authors: Karadžič D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe paper gives the results of research into the Sarrhia pini infection process in Pinus nigra plantations in Serbia (Yugoslavia). S. pini is one of the most dangerous fungi in Pinus nigra plantations in Serbia. Its condia are dispersed from the beginning of April till the end of October, and the ascospores from the second halt of June till the end of September. The critical period for infections is from the beginning of May till the end of July when the protection of plantations is necessary.
Bioassay for the mechanisms of decay resistance in stemwood of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Authors: Gramss G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn standing or freshly excised stemwood of European beech and several other hardwoods with nontoxic cores the resistance to the ingress of decay fungi increased with the vitality status of the living parenchyma cells in both sap‐ and heartwood. Virtually no influence on the timber's decay resistance could be ascribed to wide fluctuations in the content of phenolics, to regional moisture distributions, and to synergistic or antagonistic actions of first‐generation bacteria that precede the fungal invasion.
Impact of eastern dwarf mistletoe in black spruce forests of Newfoundland1
Authors: Singh Pritam , Carew G. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEastern dwarf mistletoe,Arceuthobinm pusillum, is known in Newfoundland since 1902. However, it has recently become very conspicuous and damaging in some parts of the island, and is regarded as one of the principal agents damaging black spruce on the island. The mistletoe has been found to reduce volume through tree and branch mortality, decline in growth, and cone and seed production, cause alterations in nutrient contents, and induce malformation of stem.
p‐Hydroxyacetophenone and Picein contents of healthy and damaged spruce needles from different locations in Bavaria
Authors: Osswald W. F. , Benz B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPicein can quickly be converted into p‐hydroxacetophenone by endogenous glucosidases activated by freezing and thawing of spruce needles. Picein was the main component of all investigated spruce needles. Its contents varied between 4 and 30 mg/g fw whereas p‐hydroxyacetophenone (pHAP) concentrations between 0.2 and 0.6 mg/g fw were found. No significant difference for picein and pHAP contents were observed comparing green and bleached needles or needle segments. In each case the ratio of pHAP to picein was smaller than one for both green and bleached needles. The importance of pHAP for pigment bleaching is discussed.
The dramatic corrosive effect of road side exposure and of aromatic hydrocarbons on the epistomatal wax crystalloids in spruce and fir ‐ and its significance for the‘Waldsterben’
Authors: Sauter J. J. , Pambor Leonie 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe dramatic corrosive effect of motor vehicle emissions on the wax tubules in the epistomatal chambers has been followed in needles of spruce and fir with the scanning electron microscope. Fumes of aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, xylene) were found to induce the same corrosion within days. The epistomatal waxes are considered, therefore, to be the primary target of such lipophihc compounds of polluted air and the physiological consequences of the ensuing premature stomatal obstruction to be closely related with the ‘Waldsterben’.
Rhizoctonia leaf web blight of Albizia lebbek, a destructive disease in forest nurseries in India
Authors: Mehrotra M. D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLeaf web blight of Albizia lebbek Benth, a highly destructive disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is reported from India. The disease was prevalent in forest nurseries from July to August and caused heavy defoliation making the plants unfit for planting in the same growing season. The management of the disease is discussed.
Survey of diseases and insects of Fraser fir and red spruce in the southern Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Bruck R. I. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDisease and insect surveys of three Southern Appalachian spruce‐fir ecosystems were conducted between 1985–1988. Visual tree decline was correlated with the presence of fungal pathogens and insect pests. Fungi were isolated from tree cankers, necrotic roots and diseased foliage; while insect incidence and impact was assessed visually. With the exception of damage to Fraser fir inflicted by the balsam wooly adelgid, little significant pathology or insect infestation was noted. This survey indicates that major diseases and insect damage, particularly on red spruce, appear not be primarily causal in the observed forest decline.
Effect of moisture on the colonization by Lentinus edodes and Hypoxylon truncatum in wood1
Authors: Abe Y. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Hypoxylon truncatum showed itself to occupy a larger area than Lentinus edodes in low‐moisture‐content stem segments inoculated with both fungi, but the result was just opposite under high moisture conditions. Their mycelial growth and decay rates indicated that H. truncatum is more tolerant of dry circumstances than L. edodes..
Rapid yellowing of needles of Picea abies
Authors: Innes J. L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSevere chlorosis developed in a 45 year old stand of Norway spruce over a period of three weeks in July and August 1986. The chlorosis was followed by needle necrosis and, eventually, shedding. The trees showing the most severe effects had all been damaged during timber extraction operations in 1985. The symptoms superficially resembled those on many trees in central Europe, Where air pollution is generally considered to be involved in chlorosis and defoliation. Air pollution is unlikely to be a primary factor in the chlorosis and defoliation observed in this stand.
A canker disease of autumn olive caused by Tubercularia vulgaris
Authors: Kessler K.J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA stem‐girdling basal canker of autumn olive, Elaeagnus umbellata, was found in Illinois and Indiana. Tubercularia vulgaris was determined to be the causal organism by using field pathogenicity tests. The perithecial state of the fungus was not found. Symptoms of the disease are described.
Effects of ozone on gas exchange, frost resistance, flushing and growth of different provenances of European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)
Authors: Larsen J. B. , Yang W. , Tiedemann A. v. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhotosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration were studied in different Abies alba provenances during and alter ozone exposure at three different levels (0/control, 125, and 250 ppb O3, respectively). The after‐effects of ozone on frost resistance and growth rate were also analyzed.Pronounced reductions of photosynthesis and transpiration rates and an increased respiration were registered as a response to O3. Five months after exposure the winter frost resistance was significantly reduced, and growth depressions were registered during the following year. Differences in ozone sensibility and regeneration ability between provenances could be demonstrated.
Susceptibility of European and north‐west American conifers to the North American vascular pathogen Leptographium wageneri
Authors: Webber Joan F. , Hansen E. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBlack stain root disease, caused by the fungus Leptographium wageneri, is a native disease of western North America. It primarily attacks several Pinus species and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Currently absent from Europe, any accidental introduction or the pathogen could pose a threat to the commercially grown conifers in Europe. To assess the extent of this threat, the susceptibility of nine European and North American conifer species to this disease was examined.
Zur Taxonomie und Nomenklatur von Lophodermium piceae (Fuckel) v. Höhnel
Authors: Osorio M. , Stephan B. R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe systematic position and nomenclature of Lophodermium piceae are reviewed chronologically on basis of references cited since 1799. A critical analysis of the actual name of this fungus species of the ascomycete family of Rhytismataceae is given.
The bark beetle‐associated blue‐stain fungus Ophiostoma polonicum can kill various spruces and Douglas fir
Authors: Christiansen E. , Solheim H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn a field experiment in southernmost Norway four young trees of each of eight coniferous species were subjected to artificial inoculation with the pathogenic blue‐stain fungus Ophiostoma polonicum, associated with the spruce bark beetle Ips typographic A dose previously known to Be lethal to most Norway spruce trees also killed individuals of Sitka, white, and black spruce, and Douglas fir. All Scots and lodgepole pines, and subalpine firs survived the given load of infection. Douglas fir did not exhibit the induced resinous defence reaction seen in spruce and pine. The fungus did not proliferate in the phloem of Douglas fir, but spread more easily in a tangential direction in the sapwood of this species than in spruce.
Chemical factors in Pinus strobus inhibitory to Armillaria ostoyae
Authors: Mwangi L. M. , Lin D. , Hubbes M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFresh sapwood of Pinus strobus inhibited the growth of Armillaria osotyae. Compounds extracted from sapwood with ethyl acetate inhibited the fungus in bioassays. Pinosylvin monothyl ether as tentatively identified by thin layer chromatography and ultraviolet spectra was isolated from the extract and found to inhibit the growth of A. ostoyae.
Pathogenic variation of Seiridium spp. isolated from cankered Cuppressaceae hosts in New Zealand
Authors: Chou C. K. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractField and glasshouse inoculation tests with isolates of S. cardinale and S. unicorne (Cke & Ell.) Sutton on C. macrocarpa and C lusitanien showed symptoms caused by the two pathogens to be indistinguishable. Isolates of S. cardinale showed an overall higher pathogenicity and less variability than those of S. unicorne. Neither pathogen seemed capable of infecting hosts outside the Cupressaceae, An isolate of Boesewinkel originating from Crvptowcria and supposed to be a distinct species from the anamorph of Lepteutypa cupressi, failea to infect Cryptomeria; neither could L. cupressi and S. cardinale, though all of them readily infected C. macrocarpa and C. lusitanica. Isolates of S. unicoene showed vast differences in pathogenicity in any one test, but many of the Isolates also showed extremi pathogenicity variation between repeat tests, hence pathogenicity determination became uncertain or probalistic. There is no evidence that the decline of S cardinale in this country is due to reduced pathogenicity or to possible interaction with S. unicorne in host infection.
Blister rust in Romania
Authors: Blada I. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn a survey of the incidence of Cronartium ribicola in Romania, this parasite was found to be present all over the country, except in mountain regions.The heaviest attacks occurred in Ribes nigrum and in young plantations of Pinus strobus, whereas old plantations of P. strobus and other pine species were free from blister rust, as were natural populations of Pinus cembra, Ribes alpinum, and R. petraeum in the Carpathians.
Untersuchungen zur Abhängigkeit der Buchen‐Rindennekrose von der Stärke des Befalls durch Cryptococcus fagisuga in Buchen‐(Fagus sylvatica‐)Wirtschaftswäldern
Authors: Lunderstädt Von J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Investigations into the dependence of beech bark necrosis on infection with Cryptococcus fagisuga in commercial beech‐(Fagus sylvatica)forests. Occurrence and sequence of attack of Fagus sylvatica by Cryptococcus fagisuga, slime flux, and necrosis were followed with four different methods of observation. Under average climatic conditions provocation and development of individual successive infection waves overlap to such a high degree that, because of the relatively short duration of the scale attack and because of the long duration and the great variation of the intensity of the necrotic reaction of the susceptible members of the beech population, individual waves of attack can hardly be discriminated in time and space.
Effect of selected forestry herbicides on ectomycorrhizal development and seedling growth of lodgepole pine and white spruce under controlled and field environment
Authors: Sidhu S. S. , Chakravarty P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn tests under aseptic conditions, the herbicides hexazinone (PrononeTM5G® and Velpar L.R.®), glyphosate, and triclopyr reduced seedling growth and mycorrhizal development of Pinus contorta var. Litifolia and Picea glanca. Triclopyr was most toxic of the tour herbicide formulations. Under greenhouse condition, only 2 formulations of hexazinone (Pronone TM5G® and Velpar L.®) were tested. At high concentrations (2 and 4 kg/ha) it reduced growth and mycorrhizal infections significantly but showed recovery with time. No adverse effects were observed at low concentration (1 kg/ha). In general, seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus (Suillus tomentosus), were more sensitive to herbicide than the ones without mycorrhizal inoculation. Under field conditions overall effects of herbicide application were less intense. Only 4 kg/ha rates of hexazinone resulted in reductions in seedling growth and mycorrhizal infections. The nonmycorrhizal seedings planted in the field developed mycorrhizae in over 40% of short roots within 2 months after planting in all herbicide treatments.
Decline of radial growth in red oaks is associated with short‐term changes in climate
Authors: Tainter F. H. , Retzlaff W. A. , Starkey D. A. , Oak S. W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractComparison of basal area increments of paired healthy and declined oak trees shows a marked disjuncture beginning in the early 1950′ at 3 of 4 sample locations across the southeastern United States. An argument is presented that the change in growth was caused (or accelerated) by a series of severe regional droughts in the early 1950′s that impacted the trees which then responded by forming two distinct populations consisting of: 1. relatively healthy trees, and 2. declined trees. Both populations produced less annual basal area increment after several subsequent short‐term droughts, but marked crown deterioration and death appeared in the declined population after a moderately severe drought in the early 1980′s.
Scleroderris canker in New York State: Attempts to justify and cope with regulatory action
Authors: Hudler G. W. , Neal Brenda G. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Pinus resinosa, P. sylvestris, P nigra, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Picea glauca seedlings in three sites and Pinus thunbergii in two sites in New York State were inoculated with conidia of Gremmeniella abietina twice in 1986. Percent infection therefrom was determined in spring of 1987, Some members of each species of Pinus became infected at one site within the current range of the disease and in other sites 84 and 300 km south of the current range. P. glauca and P. menztesii were not infected. Results of experiments to test efficacy of postharvest treatments to eradicate G. abietina from infected seedlings suggested that immersion in hot (55°C) water and applications of dilute sodium hypochlorite would eradicate the pathogen with little or no effect on retention or color of foliage of P. resinosa and P. sylvestris.
Rosellinia minor (Höhn.) Francis in Christbaumkulturen
Authors: Cech Von T. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Damages in Christmas tree‐plantations of Norway spruce by Rosellinia minor (Höhn.) Francis. In a plantation of Christmas trees of Norway spruce in the valley of Rhine (Vorarlberg, Austria) an epidemy of Rosellinia minor (Höhn.) Francis occurred in 1987 and 1988. 10 years old trees were totally affected by the fungus. Differences in fruiting‐structures between R. minor, R. herpotrichoides (Hept. and Davids.) and R. aquila (Fr.) de Not. are discussed.
In vitro evaluation of fungicides against Cylindrocladium spp. causing diseases of Eucalyptus in Kerala, India1
Authors: Sharma J. K. , Mohanan C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA total of 22 fungicides were evaluated in vitro for their efficacy against Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum (CQ), C. ilicicola (CI), C. floridanum (CF), C. parvum (CP), and C. camelliae (CC) causing various diseases of Eucalyptus in Kerala, India. Though there were a number of fungicides effective (ED100) in the comdial germination and poisoned food techniques, only carbendazim provided complete inhibition of CQ, CI and CC in the soil‐fungicide screening technique; carbendazim was also highly effective against CF and CP. C. ilicicola appeared to be more tolerant than other species of Cylindrocladium as only a few fungicides were found to be effective against it even in the conidial germination technique. On comparison of the three fungicidal evaluation techniques, it is concluded that, for a pathogen producing microsclerotia, like Cylindrocladium, the soil‐fungicide screening technique is the most appropriate one for obtaining reliable results.
The histology of Hevea brasiliensis phloem necrosis
Authors: Nicole M. , Thouvenel J. C. , Giannotti J. , Chrestin H. , Geiger J. P. , Nandris D. , Rio B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhloem necrosis of rubber tree(hevea brasiliensis)is characterized by cel wall degradation, alteration of the middle lamella, the vesiculation of endomembranes, the formation of tylosoids and the internal coagulation of rubber.
Fatty acids of ozone‐exposed Scots pine and poplar trees and of damaged field‐grown Norway spruce trees
Authors: Kyburz S. , Eichenberger W. , Keller T. , Rennenberg H. , Schröder P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn foliage of Pinus sylvestris, Populus euramericana, and Picea abies the fatty acid composition was analyzed. Whereas clonal material of pine and poplar in controlled ozone fumigations did not show any significant differences as compared to controls, such differences were obtained in fieldgrown spruces showing needle loss.
Toxin production by Rosellinia desmazieresii (Berk. & Br.) Sacc.
Authors: Ofong A. U. , Pearce R. B. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryDamage symptoms, were expressed on detached shoots of Salix repens within 24 hours of exposure to toxin preparations from culture filtrates of Rosellina desmazieresii. Many of these symptoms, which resembled those observed on diseased plants, could also be obtained in the test system by exposure to cytochalasin E solutions. This toxic compound is produced by R. desmazieresii and may be important in symptom development, since culture filtrate preparations from isolates producing little cytochalasin E induced few symptoms.Toxin preparations from R. desmazieresii induced damage on detached shoots of several woody species, including both hosts and non‐hosts of this fungus.
La Nécrose du Phloème du Tronc de l'Hévéa en Côte d'lvoire: 2. Etiologie de la maladie
Authors: Nandris D. , Thouvenel J. C. , Nicole M. , Giannotti J. , Declert C. , Chrestin H. , Rio B. , Noirot M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhloem Necrosis of the trunk of the rubber tree in Ivory Coast. 2. Etiology of the disease. Numerous experiments were performed in order to identify the causal pathogen of rubber tree Phloem Necrosis. Trials of control by fungicides and bactencides, of identification of the microorganisms isolated from decayed tissues, of transmission from diseased to healthy trees and also, microscopic observations of necrotic phloem samples, all failed in practice. However, symptomatology and epidemic spread in plantation suggest a pathological cause of this disease.
New type forest damage to mediterranean vegetation in Southern Sardinian forests (Italy)
Authors: Bussotti F. , Ferretti M. , Cenni E. , Gellini R. , Clauser F. , Grossoni P. , Barbolani E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper investigates some biological aspects of the decline of the Forest of Pikinamanna in Southern Sardinia: the evolution of forest deterioration, leaf diagnosis, analysis and observation with SEM. We present the hypothesis of a relationship between this decline and some adverse environmental factors, particularly atmospheric pollution and drought.