bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtopsy – Radiology in Forensic Medicine
Authors: Grabherr S. , Stephan B. A. , Buck U. , Näther S. , Christe A. , Oesterhelweg L. , Ross S. , Dirnhofer R. , Thali M. J. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryDuring the last few years, modern cross‐sectional imaging techniques have pioneered forensic medicine. Magnetic resonance imaging and especially multislice computed tomography are becoming increasingly implemented into post‐mortem examinations. These non‐invasive techniques can augment and even partially replace a traditional autopsy. Beside the radiological imaging techniques, the methods of three‐dimensional surface scanning and photogrammetry are used for the documentation of the external findings of the body. To realize the goal of a minimal‐invasive autopsy, other tools like post‐mortem biopsy and post‐mortem angiography have been developed. In analogy to the clinical use of biopsy and angiography these techniques will permit post‐mortem tissue sampling for further analyses and enable post‐mortem examinations of the vascular system. With the use of these methods, a minimally invasive, objective and investigator‐independent documentation of forensic cases can be realized to reach quality improvements in forensic pathological investigations.
Virtual Planning of Facial Reconstructions
Authors: Sarti A. , Lamberti C. , Gori R. , Erbacci G. , Bassani L. , Bianchi A. , Marchetti C. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryIn craniofacial surgery it is not easy to predict the shape of the postoperative face, as muscular changes resulting from the surgery cannot be found by a simple way. Three‐dimensional (3D) computer simulation of craniofacial surgery can be extremely useful to foresee the surgical outcome. Many authors proposed computer systems for craniofacial surgical planning based on computed tomographic (CT) images. A number of methods to achieve the prediction of soft tissue behaviour have been proposed from computer‐aided surgical planning system integrating anatomy‐based 3D finite element tissue model to methods for computation of soft‐tissue deformation in craniofacial surgery directly from CT images without any intermediate geometric model. We present a review of present techniques on the use of imaging in the presurgical planning of facial surgery and reconstruction. The entire workflow of image acquisition, tissue segmentation, tissue classification, surgical planning, soft tissue displacement computer simulation and visualization is outlined and different cases of real maxillofacial surgery are illustrated.
Multicenter Retrospective Study of ITI Implant‐Supported Posterior Partial Prosthesis in Jordan
Authors: Jebreen Sami E. , Khraisat Ameen 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTPurpose:  The aim of this multicenter study was to evaluate success and restorative problems of ITI (ITI Dental Implant System®, Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) implant‐supported posterior partial prostheses in Jordan.Materials and Methods:  One‐hundred forty‐one ITI implants were placed in the posterior region of the mandible or the maxilla in 66 patients at multiple clinical practices in Jordan. The age of the patients ranged from 17 to 85 years. The implants were retrospectively analyzed from the first date of placement in September 1999 until May 2006. Eighty‐three implants (58.87%) were placed in the mandible, and 58 (41.13%) in the maxilla. The implants were loaded with either cement‐retained single‐ or multiple‐tooth replacements.Results:  Three maxillary implants of two male patients have been lost (2.13% of the total and 5.12% of the maxillary implants). Failed implants were of wide‐neck type with 6‐mm lengths. Moreover, in another two male patients, two single implants at the maxillary premolar region exhibited significant bone loss from the buccal side of the implant surface (2‐mm bone resorption). Those two implants are still functioning and were included in calculating the survival rate but not the success rate. Therefore, the cumulative survival rate for both arches and genders was 97.87% and that for male patients in the maxillary region was 94.88%. The cumulative success rate for both arches and genders was 96.45% and that for the maxillary region was 86.21%. The corresponding rates concerning implants in female patients and the posterior mandible of both genders were 100% for both survival and success rates. Only one crown (mandibular) and another two abutment bridge (maxillary) were decemented in different patients (2.13%).Conclusions:  The survival and success rates of implants placed in male patients and in the maxilla were lower than that of implants placed in female patients and in the mandible. Cement‐retained restorations showed minimal complications.
VITAMIN E SUPPLEMENTATION EFFECTS ON COLOR AND LIPID STABILITY OF WHOLE AND GROUND LAMB
Authors: STROHECKER M. G. , FAUSTMAN C. , FURR H. , HOAGLAND T. A. , WILLIAMS S. N. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTCrossbred wethers averaging 44.1 kg were fed a diet supplemented with 2000 IU α‐tocopheryl acetate/day for 49 days. The controls received the same diet without supplement. Muscles from lambs supplemented with vitamin E contained higher concentrations of a‐tocopherol than the controls (P<0.05). There were no differences between control and supplemented animals for myoglobin stabiliry of two muscle slices stored at 4C (P>0.05). Ground semimembranosus (SM)from supplemented animals exhibited higher “a” values and lower Hue angle values (P < 0.05) than meat from control animals at 6 days of storage and longer indicating enhanced color stability due to vitamin E. Vitamin E supplementation decreased lipid oxidation of ground SM at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days of storage at 4C (P < 0.05) and it partially stabilized color of ground lamb. Color stability of whole lamb slices was not affected by vitamin E supplementation.
COLOR AND OXIDATIVE PROPERTIES OF IRRADIATED GROUND BEEF PATTIES1
Authors: LUCHSINGER S. E. , KROPF D. H. , GARCfA ZEPEDA C. M. , HUNT M. C. , STRODA S. L. , MARSDEN J. L. , KASTNER C. L. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe effects of two doses (2.0 and 3.5 kGy) of nonradioactive irradiation on color and oxidative properties were determined and compared to nonirradiated controls for frozen, raw and precooked, ground beef patties with 10 and 22% fat packaged in vacuum and aerobically. Irradiated raw patties were initially darker and less red than controls, but color of control and irradiated samples became more similar during display. Irradiation increased external redness in precooked patties that were vacuum‐packaged. Aerobic packaging, in combination with irradiation, increased lipid oxidation and discoloration, whereas vacuum‐packaged patties displayed for up to 21 days had minimal changes in color and lipid oxidation. Irradiation versus the controls significantly reduced bacterial counts.
EFFECT OF SPRAY DRIED BEEF BROTH ON THE SENSORY, TEXTURAL AND COOKING CHARACTERISTICS OF GRILLED OR BROILED LOW‐FAT GROUND BEEF PATTIES1
Authors: BLACKMER D. S. , MANDIGO R. W. , EILERT S. J. , CALKINS C. R. , OSBURN W. N. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTBeef broth is a high protein, high salt by‐product that has potential to improve the palatability of low‐fat meat products. Low‐fat ground beef with 2 or 3% added beef broth (BB) and 7 or 8% added water were compared to formulations with salt in an amount equal to the salt in the BB formulations and to a 16% fat, all‐beef control (no salt). Fatties were cooked on a grill or broiler and analyzed for sensory desirability, tenture and cooked characteristics. Low‐fat BB patties were equal to or more desirable for all sensory traits compared to other low‐fat patty formulations and control patties. Control patties required more force to shear and were harder and chewier than BB patties (F<0.01). Grilled patties were rated higher for sensory tenderness, but were harder to compress than broiled patties (P<0.05). Acceptable low‐fat ground beef patties were manufactured with a combination of spray dried beef broth and added water.
THE EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AND HOT‐PROCESSING ON QUALITY, PALATABILITY, AND CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF LAMB1
Authors: JEREMIAH L. E. , TONG A. K. W. , GIBSON L. L. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTA total of 500 lambs (159 rams, 165 ewes, and 176 wethers) sh to nine months of age and with slaughter weights between 41 and 77 kg were utilized. Electrical stimulation accelerated pstmortem PH (P<0.05). However, significant linear time trends were not observed with any treatment in the rwo muscles evaluated. Muscle temperature declined progressively as expected with all treatments and in all muscles. However, electrically stimulated, hot‐processed muscles cooled the most rapidly, due to the hot‐processing treatment, and had the lowest percentage transmission, while electrically stimulated muscles had the greatest amount of expressible juice (P<0.05). No effects on muscle color were observed (P>0.05). Electrical stimulation was clearly benejicial and hot‐processing was clearly detrimental to lambpalatability. The beneficial effects of electrical stimulation, however, were not effective in either preventing or offsetting the detrimental effects of hot‐processing. Moreover, electrical stimulation alone and in combination with hot‐processing produced only minor effects on consumer acceptance.
CALCIUM CHELATORS AND SALT EXTRACTED MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEIN INJECTION INTO LEAN PRERIGOR BEEF MUSCLE: EFFECTS ON TENDERNESS INDICES
Authors: CLAUS J.R. , JORDAN L. , EIGEL W.N. , MARRIOTT N.G. , SHAW D.E. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTPrerigor beef longissimus muscles were removed within 40 min postmortem and injected 10% (within 2 h postmortem) with either a chelator (alginate, 3%; haametaphosphate, 3%; EDTA, 0.13%; citrate, 0.13%), meat slurry (45%), or a myofibrillar meat extract (3.7% protein) to evaluate the effects of each injection on the physical and chemical properties compared to a control and a water only injected treatment. Gross muscle shortening was not inhibited The water only, meat extract and citrate treatments had shorter (P<0.05) sarcomeres than the control. The meat shy, alginate, phosphate, and EDTA treatments produced sarcomere lengths equivalent to the control. The control had the lowest (P<0. 05) pH and percentage moisture. However, there were no differences in percentage cooking losses. Although variations in sarcomere length were apparent, these treatments did not improve tenderness (P>0.05) as measured by Warner‐Bratzler shear.
PORK SOFTNESS ASSESSED SUBJECTIVELY AND OBJECTIVELY USING VACUUM‐INDUCED CHANGES IN REFLECTANCE
Authors: SWATLAND H.J. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTSubjective assessments were made of softness and paleness in longissimus muscles of 382 sides of pork. Softness was correlated with paleness, (r = 0.57, P < 0.001). Softness was tested objectively in another 48 pork loins by applying a vacuum (to −2 kPa) across an elliptical area of longissimus. Reflectance from the meat surface measured by fiber‐optics increased as the meat bulged outwards toward the vacuum. Pale pork was deformed to a greater extent than dark pork, and the initial slope of the reflectance‐pressure relationship was correlated with initial reflectance before deformation and with maximum reflectance during deformation. At the maximum extent of deformation, there was a decrease in reflectance if the meat touched the fiber‐optic light guide. By spectrophotometry of another 19 loins, the major difference between reflectance at 0 kPa and ≤−2 kPa was found at 470 nm.
EFFECT OF MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING ON THE QUALITY OF SMOKED CATFISH
Authors: GOKTEPE I. , MOODY M. W. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTSmoked catfish were inoculated with Listeria ivanovii then packaged under 80% CO2/20% N2 (M1) and 40% CO2/30%O2/130% N2 (M2) and stored at 2 and 8C. Noninoculated samples packaged under air (A) served as controls. Fillets stored under M2 at 8C showed the fastest growth of L. ivanovii. L. ivanovii counts in samples stored under M1 at both temperatures decreased significantly over time. Listeria growth was observed in samples stored under air at 2 and 8C after 2 weeks. APC results were similar to that of Listeria The highest TBA values were observed in M2‐stored samples followed by air‐stored samples. Lightness (“L” values) increased significantly, whereas “a” (redgreen) and “b” (blue/yellow) values decreased in all atmospheres at both temperatures over time. The combined use of M1 and 2C improved the quality of smoked catfish by inhibiting microbial growth and minimizing the extent of lipid oxidation.
TRIMMING, VACUUM CLEANING OR HOT WATER‐VACUUM CLEANING EFFECTS OF LAMB HINDSADDLES1
Authors: GILL C.O. , BAKER L.M. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTSwab samples were obtained from the hindsaddles of randomly selected lamb carcasses before and after the routine operations of trimming, vacuum cleaning unaccompanied by heating of the surface, or hot water‐vacuum cleaning in a commercial carcass dressing process. For each operation, two pairs of sample sets, each pair of 25 samples collected before and 25 samples collected after the operation were obtained The total aerobes, coliforms and Escherichia coli recovered from each sample were enumerated. For each set, values for the mean, standard deviation and log of the arithmetic mean were calculated on the assumption that the log values were normally distributed. For any pair of total count, coliform or E. coli data sets, the log means generally differed by <0.3, <0.4 or <0.5 log units, respectively. Apparently, none of the treatments had practically important effects on the microbial condition of the population of dressed carcasses.
CRANBEFCRY JUICE MARINADE IMPROVES SENSORY AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF VACUUM‐PACKAGED LAMB CHOPS
Authors: McKENNA D. R. , STRACHAN D. S. , MILLER R. K. , ACUFF G. R. , SAVELL J. W. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTMarination was investigated as a means to add value and improve the palatability of lamb chops. Vacuum‐packaged whole lamb loins (n = 24) were assigned randomly to a 14 or 20‐day aging period. Loins were split and right and left sides were designated to receive one of two treatments: control or marinade with spice rub. Loins were cut into chops and chops were vacuum‐packaged and displayed for 0–, 7– or 14‐days in a retail display case. Chops from both aging periods assigned to the 0 day retail display period were evaluated for both raw and cooked characteristics by consumers. Consumers indicated that cooked appearance. odor, juiciness, flavor, tenderness, and overall‐like were higher for treated chops than for controls (P < 0.05). However, consumers preferred the appearance of raw control chops over the appearance of raw treated chops (P < 0.05). Treated lamb chops had lower aerobic plate counts at 7 and 14 days of retail display for both aging periods (P < 0.05), and lower 2‐thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) values than control chops (P < 0.05). A treatment × retail display day interaction (P < 0.05) was observed for TBARS values as treated chops had lower TBARS values than control chops as days of retail display increased. Marinating lamb chops improved palatability traits of cooked lamb chops and extended the shelf‐life characteristics of raw lamb chops.
EARLY POSTMORTEM MUSCLE SHORTENING AND TENSION IN RELATION TO TENDERNESS IN BEEF M. LONGISSIMUS
Authors: ROSENVOLD K. , ANDERSEN H. J. , SLINDE E. , HILDRUM K. I. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate muscle tension and shortening in relation to tenderness in beef M. longissimus. Initially, an intercalibration of six identical rigormeters using a polyacrylamide standard showed that the rigormeters gave reproducible results. This means that the rigormeter is a potentially valuable tool in studies of postmortem muscle tension and shortening. Tension and shortening of M. longissimus from 24 bulls carcasses exposed to two different chilling regimes were measured 1.5 to 20 h postmortem in the rigormeters. The muscle samples were separated into three groups; fast chilled (all tough), slow chilled (tough) and slow chilled (tender). On average, both the developed tension and accumulated shortening of muscle strips during this period were highest in tender, slow chilled samples and lowest in fast chilled samples. There was a relationship between glycolytic rate and the muscle contraction process, as the fast glycolyzing muscles exerted the fastest development of tension and contraction. This study indicates that tension and, shortening, as measured in the rigormeter, is related to WB shear force measured in aged meat.
A RAPID METHOD FOR DETECTION OF THE COPY NUMBER OF PORCINE ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUS IN SWINE
Authors: YU P. , ZHANG L. , LI S.F. , CHENG J.Q. , LU Y.R. , ZENG Y.Z. , LI Y.P. , BU H. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT Pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation is associated with the risk of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) transmission. It was assumed that copy number of PERV could increase during inbreeding. To detect the copy number of PERV of Banna minipig inbred line (BMI) and three other breeds of Chinese pigs, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐QPCR, SYBR Green I ) was performed in this study. The results demonstrated that BMI pigs contained higher copy numbers of PERV gag, pol and envB genes than other tested domestic pigs, which greatly suggested that copy numbers had increased during inbreeding. Domestic pigs outbreeding and from different regions had similar copy numbers of PERV in genome. Thus, selective outbreeding of pigs of remote origin might be a feasible means to reduce PERV load in organ donors. RT‐QPCR (SYBR Green I) offered a rapid and accurate method for the detection of the copy number of most relevant retroviruses and was especially suitable for high‐throughput screen.
Non–ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: Treatment guidelines for the nurse practitioner
Authors: Albert Nancy 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurpose: To increase awareness among nurse practitioners (NPs) of the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) 2002 guideline update for the diagnosis and treatment of acute coronary syndrome, and for secondary prevention in patients with unstable angina (UA) and non–ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).Data sources: ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with UA and NSTEMI, ACC/AHA guidelines for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease, 2006 update, selected research and clinical articles.Conclusions: Recent research has shown that patients with UA/NSTEMI benefit from the routine, long‐term use of dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel. In suitable patients, outcome is also improved by adoption of an early invasive strategy combined with aggressive medical therapy.Implications for practice: Familiarity with the patient as well as current management recommendations can improve clinical outcomes for patients with UA/NSTEMI. Thus, NPs can play a pivotal role in the management of coronary disease, both during and following an acute ischemic event.
Caring for patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Hayden Mary Lou , Womack Catherine R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurpose: Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects up to 40 million Americans, with an estimated cost of $2.7 billion per annum. This review discusses several therapeutic options that reduce the symptoms of AR, including allergen avoidance, antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids (INS), leukotriene receptor antagonists, and immunotherapy.Data sources: The articles included in this review were retrieved by a search of Medline literature on the subjects of AR, antihistamines, INS, leukotriene antagonists, and immunotherapy, as well as current published guidelines for the treatment of AR.Conclusions: Allergen avoidance is recommended for all patients prior to pharmacologic therapy. Oral and nasal H1‐antihistamines are recommended to alleviate the mild and intermittent symptoms of AR, and INS are recommended as the first‐line treatment choice for mild persistent and more moderate‐to‐severe persistent AR.Implications for practice: There are a number of different types of therapy for the management of AR; with so many options available, successful tailoring of treatment to suit individual requirements is realistically achievable.
Wegener’s granulomatosis: Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Olivencia‐Simmons Ivelisse 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurpose: To provide nurse practitioners with a basic understanding of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, diagnostic testing, pharmacological treatment, and prevalence of Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG).Data sources: Published research and clinical articles, and a case report.Conclusions: WG is a systemic disease characterized by vasculitis, necrosis, and granulomas. The diagnosis of WG is difficult, particularly early in the disease process. In order to confirm the diagnosis, the patient should undergo specific tests such as antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein, and biopsy of the tissue involved.Implications for practice: The diagnosis of WG is often delayed because of the vague symptoms on presentation. Initial symptoms, such as chronic fatigue, upper respiratory infection, sinusitis, and otitis media are common and may not be alarming. Recognizing symptoms, ordering diagnostic tests, and providing appropriate pharmacological therapy is key to diagnosing and treating WG.
Postpartum depression screening by family nurse practitioners
Authors: Goldsmith Marla E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of the study was to identify whether and how nurse practitioners (NPs) screen for postpartum depression, as well as to identify factors affecting such screening.Data sources: Self‐report data were gathered from 159 questionnaires completed by a convenience sample of family NPs (FNPs) in Illinois and Wisconsin during July 2002.Conclusions: Despite the fact that 84% of FNP respondents saw at least one postpartum woman yearly, 42% never screened for postpartum depression in any way. The subjects’ confidence in their knowledge of how to use a screening tool was the single best predictor of screening behavior (r= .487). NPs tend to follow clinical practice guidelines, but no guidelines exist to address postpartum depression specifically. Screening for postpartum depression is not universal, making it likely that prevailing estimates of the incidence of this disease are low.Implications for practice: If the number of NPs who screen for postpartum depression could be increased, many postpartum patients and families could be positively affected. Advanced practice nursing education should adequately prepare graduates to screen at‐risk patients. The development of graduate curricula including thorough units on postpartum depression, as well as formulation of clinical practice guidelines for postpartum depression, could make great strides toward more and better screening, prompt diagnosis, and treatment.