bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The OR Suite as a Unique Trauma Resuscitation Bay
Authors: Brennan Regina , Cohen Sharon S. , Chambers Jodi A. , Andrews Cathy 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTTrauma is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States, and trauma injuries affect more than 50 million Americans annually. Inadequate care of trauma patients can cause unnecessary patient deaths. To decrease death and disability caused by trauma, one Denver hospital developed a trauma OR based on the “Golden Hour” principle (ie, the sooner a patient receives treatment, the more likely the patient will survive). Since 1977, this hospital has performed 1,838 trauma resuscitations in the trauma OR suite. This article discusses the importance of triage and recants the history of trauma patient transportation. The authors detail the trauma procedures at their hospital, including the specific roles of trauma team members and the necessary equipment, and provide demographic information on the trauma resuscitations performed at the hospital since 1988. The article also discusses the extensive and continuous orientation necessary for trauma team members and explains the quality improvement strategies implemented by this hospital. AORN J (Oct 1994) 576–584.
Clinical Forensics for Perioperative Nurses
Authors: Muro Grace A. , Easter Catherine R. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTPerioperative nurses frequently care for the victims and suspected perpetrators of violent crimes. Nurses often are the first health care providers to assess the trauma patient and collect crucial evidence for future legal action. Informational evidence includes observations about patients' behavior and appearance and documentation of their comments. Nurses also must protect the chain of evidence so that evidence can be admissible in court. To function in this role, perioperative nurses must understand the concepts of clinical forensics, which is the application of the principles and practices of forensic science to questions of law in the investigation of violent crime. AORN J 60 (Oct 1994) 585–593.
Implementation of an Event‐Related Sterility Plan
Authors: Schroeter Kathryn 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTA paradigm shift from a time‐related sterility method to an event‐related sterility assurance plan is possible if the nurse manager's approach to OR staff members is well researched and properly presented. Following research protocols and providing a methodology and rationale to staff members will enhance the success of the implementation process. A successful paradigm shift to an eventrelated sterility system has the potential of increasing knowledge, improving practice, empowering staff members, and saving money, time, and effort. AORN J 60 (Oct 1994) 595–602.
Strabismus Repair in the Pediatric Patient
Authors: Huddleston Kathryn R. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTStrabismus, one of the most common eye problems in children, is the inability to focus one or both eyes on an object. Strabismus results from poor extraocular muscle coordination. Patients with strabismus undergo surgery to reduce ocular deviation, restore normal vision, cosmetically straighten the eyes, and develop sensory fusion that will maintain motor alignment. Because strabismus is muscular problem, patients with strabismus are at increased risk for malignant hyperthermia (MH). This risk is an important perioperative consideration. The perioperative nurse must be familiar with the MH protocol and be prepared to treat a child in this emergent situation. AORN J 60 (NOV 1994) 754–760.
Right Gastroepiploic Artery Conduit Use in Myocardial Revascularization
Authors: Gallegos‐Alvarez Maria , O'Brien Mary 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe majority of surgeons use the saphenous vein or internal mammary artery as conduits in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Improved long‐term patient survival rates after CABG have increased the need for alternative conduits in reoperations for myocardial revascularization. In the past 20 years, surgeons have begun using the right gastroepiploic artery (GEA) as an alternative conduit in CABG. Perioperative nursing care of patients undergoing right GEA graRing for myocardial revascularization includes documentation of patient problems and nursing actions taken; preoperative patient assessment and teaching; intraoperative management of patient positioning, temperature, and skin integrity; and postoperative care to maintain the patient's hernodynamic stability and avoid complications. AORN J 60 (Nov 1994) 763–777.
Toward a Standardized Language to Describe Perioperative Nursing
Authors: Steelman Victoria M. , Bulechek Gloria M. , McCloskey Joanne Comi 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) is a standardized language that identifies all interventions performed by nurses. Each nursing intervention has a label name, a conceptual definition, and set of defining activities. The NIC provides a standardized nomenclature for automated databases, describes and measures nursing ‘contribution to health care, facilitates nursing education, supports clinical decision making, plans resource allocation, and facilitates nursing research. Perioperative nurses can use the NIC to describe and document their contributions to surgical patients’ outcomes. AORN J 60 (NOV 1994) 786–795.
Bacterial Carriage on the Fingernails of OR Nurses
Authors: Wynd Christine A. , Samstag Dons E. , Lapp Anna Mane 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThis study provides statistically significant data that demonstrate that chipped fingernail polish or fingernail polish worn longer than four days fosters increased numbers of bacteria on the fingernails of OR nurses after surgical hand scrubs. There were no significant correlations between fingernail length and the numbers of bacterial colonies on the fingernails of the study groups tested after performing a standard surgical hand scrub. A convenience sample 102 perioperative nurses with either freshly polished fingernails; chipped fingernail polish; or natural, polish‐free fingernails participated. The data suggest OR nurses can wear fresh fingernail polish on healthy fingernails without risking increased bacterial counts. AORN J 60 (NOV 1994) 796–805.
Perioperative Nurses' Roles in Managing New Technology
Authors: Mdonnell Edwina A. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe scientific knowledge base for medical technology doubles every two years. Whether new technologies will improve health care depends on how appropriately they are used; therefore, purchasing appropriate technology is crucial. Appropriate technologies include those that are valid, adaptable, acceptable, and affordable. Perioperative nurses can facilitate acquisition and use of appropriate technology in the OR by applying the process of technology assessment‐a five‐step process that examines the need, safety, effectiveness and efficacy, economappraisal, and social impact of new technology. This article details the technology assessment process and provides methods of preparing perioperative staff members to use new technology. AORN J 60 (Nov 1994) 81 5–827.
Financial know‐how for nurses makes the transition from useful to essential: The Nursing Process: Assessing, Planning, Implementing, Evaluating
Authors: Kincaid Sherry 
Published: May 2007

Helen Yura, Mary B Walsh, The Nursing Process: Assessing, Planning, Implementing, Evaluating, 4th ed., 1983, Appleton‐Century‐Crofts, 25 Van Zant St, East Norwalk, Conn 06855, 364, $14.95 paperback.New Nursing Skillbook Series., Giving Emergency Care Competently (A New Nursing Skillbook), 2nd ed., 1983, Springhouse Corp, Bethlehem Pike, Springhouse, Pa 19477, 192$12.95.
A CLASS OF STRONGLY SINGULAR RADON TRANSFORMS ON THE HEISENBERG GROUP
Authors: Lyall Neil 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe primarily consider here the $L^2$ mapping properties of a class of strongly singular Radon transforms on the Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}^n$; these are convolution operators on $\mathbb{H}^n$ with kernels of the form $M(z,t)=K(z)\delta_0(t)$, where $K$ is a strongly singular kernel on $\mathbb{C}^n$. Our results are obtained by using the group Fourier transform and uniform asymptotic forms for Laguerre functions due to Erdélyi.We also discuss the behaviour of related twisted strongly singular operators on $L^2(\mathbb{C}^n)$ and obtain results in this context independently of group Fourier transform methods. Key to this argument is a generalization of the results for classical strongly singular integrals on $L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$.
The association between C-reactive protein concentration and depression in later life is due to poor physical health: results from the Health in Men Study (HIMS)
Authors: ALMEIDA OSVALDO P. , NORMAN PAUL , HANKEY GRAEME J. , JAMROZIK KONRAD , FLICKER LEON 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTBackgroundC-reactive protein (CRP) is a non-specific marker of inflammation that has been associated with depression and vascular disease, particularly in men. This study aimed to investigate the association between high CRP concentration and depression while taking physical health into account.MethodA cross-sectional study of a community-dwelling sample of 5438 men aged 70+. Participants with scores ⩾7 on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) were considered to display clinically significant depressive symptoms. We measured the serum concentration of CRP with a high-sensitivity assay. The assessment of physical co-morbidity included three components: the Charlson weighted index, self-report of major health events on a standardized questionnaire, and the physical component of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Other measured factors included age, native language, education, a standardized socio-economic index, smoking, prior or current history of depression treatment, cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination score <24) and body mass index (BMI).ResultsParticipants with depression (n=340) were older than their controls without depression (age in years: 76·6±4·4v. 75·4±4·1). Men with CRP concentration >3 mg/l had an increased odds ratio (OR) [1·59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·20–2·11] of being depressed compared to men with CRP ⩽3 mg/l. This association became non-significant once we adjusted the analysis for the measures of physical co-morbidity and other confounding factors (OR 1·22, 95% CI 0·86–1·73).ConclusionsThe physiological mechanisms that lead to the onset and maintenance of depressive symptoms in older men remain to be determined, but CRP concentration is unlikely to play a significant role in that process.
Who eats what, where and when? Isotope-labelling experiments are coming of age
Authors: Neufeld Josh D , Wagner Michael , Murrell J Colin 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Isotope-labelling experiments have changed the way microbial ecologists investigate the ecophysiology of microbial populations and cells in the environment. Insight into the ‘uncultivated majority’ accompanies methodology that involves the incorporation of stable isotopes or radioisotopes into sub-populations of environmental samples. Subsequent analysis of labelled biomarkers of sub-populations with stable-isotope probing (DNA-SIP, RNA-SIP, phospholipid-derived fatty acid-SIP) or individual cells with a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and microautoradiography reveals linked phylogenetic and functional information about the organisms that assimilated these compounds. Here, we review some of the most recent literature, with an emphasis on methodological improvements to the sensitivity and utility of these methods. We also highlight related isotope techniques that are in continued development and hold promise to transform the way we link phylogeny and function in complex microbial communities.
Glomerella acutata on Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in Norway
Authors: Talgø V. , Aamot H. U. , Strømeng G. M. , Klemsdal S. S. , Stensvand A. 
Published: May 2007

In August 2004, Glomerella acutata Guerber & Correll was detected on fruits from highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) for the first time in Norway. Both the conidial (Colletotrichum acutatum J. H. Simmonds) and the ascigerous (G. acutata) stage developed on naturally infected blueberry fruits. Perithecia also readily formed on blueberries and strawberries inoculated with a culture from highbush blueberry, and on artificial, solid medium (both on strawberry leaf agar and potato dextrose agar). To our knowledge this is the first report worldwide of the teleomorph of Glomerella acutata on a naturally infected host. Accepted for publication 15 January 2007. Published 9 May 2007.
Radiopacity of root filling materials using digital radiography
Authors: Carvalho‐Junior J. R. , Correr‐Sobrinho L. , Correr A. B. , Sinhoreti M. A. C. , Consani S. , Sousa‐Neto M. D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAim  To evaluate radiopacity of root filling materials using digital radiography.Methodology  The sealers tested were AH PlusTM, Endofill®, EndoREZTM and EpiphanyTM. Gutta‐percha (Dentsply Maillefer) and ResilonTM cones were also tested. Acrylic plates, containing six wells, measuring 1 mm in depth and 5 mm in diameter, were prepared for the test, and filled with the materials. The test samples were radiographed together with an aluminium stepwedge calibrated in millimetres, according to ANSI/ADA Specification 57. For the radiographic exposures, digital imaging plates and an X‐ray machine at 70 kVp and 8 mA were used. The object‐to‐focus distance was 30 cm, and the exposure time, 0.2 s. After the laser optic reading process, the software determined the radiopacity of the standardized areas, using grey‐scale values, calculating the average radiographic density for each material.Results  The decreasing values of radiopacity of the studied materials, expressed in millimetres of aluminium equivalent, were: ResilonTM (13.0), AH PlusTM (11.2), gutta‐percha (9.8), EpiphanyTM (8.0), Endofill® (6.9) and EndoREZTM (6.6).Conclusion  All materials had radiopacity values above 3 mm of aluminium recommended by ANSI/ADA Specification 57.
Reducing wounding of game by shotgun hunting: effects of a Danish action plan on pink‐footed geese
Authors: NOER HENNING , MADSEN JESPER , HARTMANN POUL 
Published: May 2007

Summary

Shooting of game by shotgun inevitably leads to wounding of some individuals. Few attempts, however, have been made to quantify the numbers involved. Following demonstration that for certain species nearly one bird was wounded for every one killed, a national action plan to reduce wounding of game was implemented in Denmark in 1997. The plan called for substantial improvements in hunting practice to reduce the number of wounded birds, granting hunters an initial period to achieve this on a voluntary basis.
The Svalbard pink‐footed goose is hunted exclusively in Norway and in Denmark, where two‐thirds of the annual harvest is taken. Before 1997, 25% of the first‐year and 36% of the older geese carried embedded shot, corresponding to at least 0·7 wounded geese per bagged one. We studied the effects of the action plan by X‐raying annual catches of geese during 1998–2005.
Since 1998 there has been a significant decrease in the proportion of geese carrying shot for both first‐years (7–11% in catches) and older geese (gradual decrease to c. 18% by 2005). A simple population dynamic model predicts these decreases to be consistent with a c. 60% reduction of numbers wounded for both age classes.
During 1996–2005 the Svalbard pink‐footed goose population increased from 33 000 to 50 000 individuals. Information on harvest size is sparse, and the possibility that declining harvest rates could have affected the proportion of geese carrying shot cannot be disregarded. We show that the observed decreases cannot be explained solely by decreasing harvest rates, although calculated effects of the plan may have been somewhat inflated. Even in that case, however, reductions of at least 50% appear to have resulted from the plan.
Synthesis and applications. The basic remedial action to reduce wounding has been to encourage compliance with the 25 m maximum range recommended for shooting geese in Denmark. This reduction in range eliminates shots that have a low probability of killing and a relatively high risk of wounding. Since 1997, the total annual number of harvested geese in Denmark has increased from 15 000 to 30 000. Thus, reductions in numbers wounded do not appear to have had any negative impact on harvest size.
An operational model predicting autumn bird migration intensities for flight safety
Authors: VAN BELLE J. , SHAMOUN‐BARANES J. , VAN LOON E. , BOUTEN W. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryForecasting migration intensity can improve flight safety and reduce the operational costs of collisions between aircraft and migrating birds. This is particularly true for military training flights, which can be rescheduled if necessary and often take place at low altitudes and during the night. Migration intensity depends strongly on weather conditions but reported effects of weather differ among studies. It is therefore unclear to what extent existing predictive models can be extrapolated to new situations.We used radar measurements of bird densities in the Netherlands to analyse the relationship between weather and nocturnal migration. Using our data, we tested the performance of three regression models that have been developed for other locations in Europe. We developed and validated new models for different combinations of years to test whether regression models can be used to predict migration intensity in independent years. Model performance was assessed by comparing model predictions against benchmark predictions based on measured migration intensity of the previous night and predictions based on a 6‐year average trend. We also investigated the effect of the size of the calibration data set on model robustness.All models performed better than the benchmarks, but the mismatch between measurements and predictions was large for existing models. Model performance was best for newly developed regression models. The performance of all models was best at intermediate migration intensities. The performance of our models clearly increased with sample size, up to about 90 nocturnal migration measurements. Significant input variables included seasonal migration trend, wind profit, 24‐h trend in barometric pressure and rain.Synthesis and applications. Migration intensities can be forecast with a regression model based on meteorological data. This and other existing models are only valid locally and cannot be extrapolated to new locations. Model development for new locations requires data sets with representative inter‐ and intraseasonal variability so that cross‐validation can be applied effectively. The Royal Netherlands Air Force currently uses the regression model developed in this study to predict migration intensities 3 days ahead. This improves the reliability of migration intensity warnings and allows rescheduling of training flights if needed.
Niche‐assembly vs. dispersal‐assembly rules in coastal fish metacommunities: implications for management of biodiversity in brackish lagoons
Authors: MOUILLOT DAVID 
Published: May 2007

Summary

Biodiversity is rapidly being lost in a world transformed increasingly by human activities. We need to determine urgently the factors which control the coexistence of species and thus allow local biodiversity to be maintained.
Coexistence between interacting species can be explained by species‐sorting, mass‐effect, patch dynamic and neutral perspectives on metacommunities. According to the first two paradigms, community assembly rules are based on species’ ecological niches or functional roles, whereas the latter two emphasize the role of stochastic processes.
Here I consider whether effective strategies for managing fish biodiversity in coastal lagoons depend on the predominant paradigm.
The neutral perspective was not considered relevant because lagoon fishes belong to different trophic levels and have clear niche differences.
Where fish coexistence is ruled by species‐sorting, priority must be given to the preservation or restoration of habitat, whereas heterogeneity among lagoons and population densities become critical when mass effects predominate.
According to the patch dynamics perspective, the key factors are individual turn‐over and the fitness equivalence among species.
Synthesis and applications. Coastal fish metacommunities are not ruled consistently by a single theoretical paradigm. However, consideration of such extreme cases sets clear boundaries for species assembly rules. Confronting the three main views is not only a controversial topic, but also has consequences for ecosystem and biodiversity management.
Nurses’ perceptions, understanding and experiences of health promotion
Authors: Casey Dympna 
Published: May 2007

Aim.  This paper presents an account of nurses' perceptions and understanding of health promotion in an acute setting.Background.  Health promotion is considered the remit of every nurse. To engage in health‐promoting practice, however, nurses need to understand the term ‘health promotion’ clearly.Method.  A single qualitative embedded case study was used. Purposive sampling of eight nurses was employed. Initially, theses nurses were observed in practice and, following this, a semi‐structured one‐to‐one interview was conducted with each observed nurse. Qualitative data analysis guided by work of Miles and Huberman was employed.Results.  The data revealed one main theme: health‐promoting nursing practice and this consisted of six categories and five subcategories. The findings indicated that nurses struggled to describe their understanding of health promotion, their understanding was limited and the strategies described to conduct health promotion were narrow and focused on the individual. Their perceptions and descriptions of health promotion were more in keeping with the traditional health education approach. Overall health promotion was reported to occur infrequently, being added on if the nurse had time. Factors relating to education, organizational and management issues were identified as key barriers prohibiting health‐promoting nursing practice.Conclusions.  Nurses must recognize that health promotion is a broad concept that does not exclusively focus on the individual or lifestyle factors. Nurses must be educated to recognize health‐promoting opportunities in the acute setting, as well as how to plan for and conduct health promotion so that it becomes integral to practice. A review of the methods of organizing and delivering nursing care is also advocated.Relevance to clinical practice.  Ward managers have an important role in supporting nurses, creating a culture for health promotion and sharing power in decision‐making processes, so that nurses feel valued and empowered.
Initiation, choice and satisfaction of nursing appointments in general practice: a cross‐sectional survey of patients and nurses
Authors: Pascoe Shane W , Neal Richard D , Bedford Yvonne E , McMain Sheena S 
Published: May 2007

Aims and objectives.  To compare patients’ and nurses’ perceptions regarding the initiation of appointments, and to assess patients’ satisfaction with appointment provision.Background.  Appointment provision is changing in primary care and no research has assessed the initiation of nursing appointments.Design.  Cross‐sectional survey assessing patients’ and nurses’ perceptions of the same appointment.Methods.  A survey distributed to a convenience sample of patients attending nursing appointments for a two‐week period.Results.  Patients are highly satisfied with appointment provision. There is little agreement between patients and nursing staff regarding the initiation of an appointment.Conclusion.  Patients are satisfied with appointment provision which can accommodate different perceptions regarding the initiation of an appointment.Relevance to clinical practice.  It is important to acknowledge patients’ perceptions regarding appointment management as the views of nursing staff differ regarding the initiation of the appointment.