bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman spectroscopy and microscopy of individual cells and cellular components
Authors: Chan J. , Fore S. , Wachsmann‐Hogiu S. , Huser T. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractRaman spectroscopy provides the unique opportunity to nondestructively analyze chemical concentrations in individual cells on the submicrometer length scale without the need for optical labels. This enables the rapid assessment of cellular biochemistry inside living cells, and it allows for their continued analysis. Here, we review recent developments in the analysis of single cells, subcellular compartments, and chemical imaging based on Raman spectroscopy. Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy provides for the full spectral assessment of cellular biochemistry, while coherent Raman techniques, such as coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering is primarily used as an imaging tool comparable to confocal fluorescence microscopy. These techniques are complemented by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, which provides higher sensitivity and local specificity, and also extends the techniques to chemical indicators, i.e. pH sensing. We review the strengths and weaknesses of each technique, demonstrate some of their applications and discuss their potential for future research in cell biology and biomedicine.
EB1 acts as an oncogene via activating β‐catenin/TCF pathway to promote cellular growth and inhibit apoptosis
Authors: Liu Mei , Yang Shangbin , Wang Yihua , Zhu Hongxia , Yan Shuang , Zhang Wei , Quan Lanping , Bai Jinfeng , Xu Ningzhi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPreviously we showed that end‐binding protein 1 (EB1) may promote cellular growth by activating β‐catenin/T‐cell factor (TCF) pathway. To further investigate the role of EB1 in regulating cellular growth, we established an EB1‐inducible expression system in which the protein level of EB1 was significantly upregulated upon doxycycline induction. We found that EB1 promoted cellular growth and resulted in a significant increase in colony formation. In addition, EB1 could induce tumor formation in nude mice, activate β‐catenin‐dependent gene expression and upregulate the transcriptional activity of c‐myc. We also showed that EB1 in this manner inhibited apoptosis of 293‐T‐REx cells upon cisplatin and upregulated expression of Bcl‐2, whereas ΔN TCF4, an inhibitor of β‐catenin/TCF pathway, could completely or partially abolish the effects of EB1 on the promotion of cell growth and the inhibition of apoptosis activity. Moreover, knockdown of c‐myc by RNAi could abrogate upregulation of EB1‐dependent induction of Bcl‐2 expression. Overall, EB1 acts as a potential oncogene via activating β‐catenin/TCF pathway to promote cellular growth and inhibit apoptosis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
α2‐Agonists as analgesic agents
Authors: Giovannoni Maria Paola , Ghelardini Carla , Vergelli Claudia , Dal Piaz Vittorio 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIt is well known that norepinephrine is involved in the control of pain by modulating pain‐related responses through various pathways. α2‐Adrenergic agonists have a well‐established analgesic profile and, in the recent years, have found a wider application, in particular as adjunct to anesthetics and analgesics in perioperative settings. This review analyzes the α2‐agonists currently in clinical use, starting from the prototype Clonidine, as well as the most promising and studied molecules. In addition, an overview of the imidazoles, imidazolines, and hydroxyethyl‐thioureas derivatives published in both the open and patented literature is presented, providing chemical description and pharmacological data. Finally, the most commonly α2‐agonists used in veterinary medicine are described. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 2, 339–368, 2009
Preparation of two kinds of porphyrin‐functionalized polymeric materials based on poly(glyceryl methacrylate)
Authors: Gao Baojiao , Zhang Yan , Wang Ruixin , Guo Haopeng 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPoly(glyceryl methacrylate) (PGMA) was reacted with meso‐tetra(4‐hydroxylphenyl)porphyrin (THPP) in a homogeneous system via the ring opening reaction between epoxy and hydroxyl groups, which exist on the side chain of PGMA and the outside ring of THPP, respectively. Porphyrin‐functionalized PGMA with line‐type (denoted as HPP‐PGMA), on whose side chains hydroxylphenyl porphyrin (HPP) was bonded, was obtained. Grafting particles PGMA/SiO2 were also reacted with THPP, and the porphyrin‐immobilized particles (denoted as HPP‐PGMA/SiO2), on which HPP was supported, were produced. The above two target products were characterized using spectroscopy methods, such as infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), electronic absorption, and fluorescence emission. The effects of various factors on the bonding and immobilization reactions of HPP were studied in detail. The experimental results show that the soluble HPP‐PGMA has all the spectral characteristics of porphyrins and the absorption or emission intensity is increased with the increase in the bonding degree of HPP. In the preparation process of HPP‐PGMA, in order to avoid the occurrence of the crosslinking reaction and to obtain HPP‐PGMA with complete line‐type, the catalyst should be selected and the reaction time should be controlled. NaHCO3 is an appropriate catalyst. In the immobilization process of HPP on the grafting particle PGMA/SiO2, the greater the used amount of the catalyst triethylamine (TEA), the more rapid is the rate of ring opening reaction, resulting in higher immobilization amount of HPP. Besides, the immobilization amount of HPP is increased with the enhancement of the reaction temperature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape memory fiber spun with segmented polyurethane ionomer
Authors: Zhu Yong , Hu Jinlian , Lu Jing , Yeung Lap Yan , Yeung Kwok‐wing 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe effect of cationic groups within hard segments on shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) fibers was studied and the cyclic tensile testing was conducted to assess the shape memory effect. Mechanical properties, hard segment crystallization, and dynamic mechanical properties of SMPU ionomer fibers composed of 1,4‐butanediol (BDO), N‐methyldiethanolamine (NMDA), 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), and poly(butylene adipate)diol (PBA) were investigated using a universal tensile tester, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results demonstrate that only 2 wt% NMDA can significantly change the glass transition temperature of the soft segment phase. DSC shows that the ionic group within hard segments can facilitate the crystallization of hard segments in unsteamed SMPU ionomer fibers. But for steamed fiber specimens, this effect is insignificant. Moreover, the ionic groups in hard segments with different hard segment contents (HSC) have different effects. In unsteamed fibers with 64 wt% HSC, 2 wt% NMDA increases the glass transition of soft segments from 63.5 to 70.6°C. However, in fibers with 55 wt% HSC, the glass transition temperature is lowered from 46.7 to 33.5°C. The post‐treatment, high‐pressure steaming is an effective way to remove the internal stress and subsequently improve the dimensional stability of SMPU ionomer fibers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of metronidazole‐loaded chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery application
Authors: Elzatahry A. A. , Eldin M. S. Mohy 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis study describes the preparation of mucoadhesive chitosan nanoparticles containing metronidazole (MZ) intended for colon‐specific delivery. The chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by the ionic gelation method and their in vitro properties were studied. The release profiles of MZ from the nanoparticles were determined by UV–Vis absorption measurement at λmax 278 nm. Scanning electron microscopy was used for morphology observation. The nanoparticles exhibited mucoadhesive properties, which diminished with increasing drug content. The nanoparticles with a particle size range between 200 and 300 nm exhibited excellent mucoadhesive properties. The results show that the formulated nanoparticles have succeeded in controlling the release of MZ over a 12‐hr period. In conclusion, the release of MZ was found to be dependent upon the composition of the nanoparticles, the ratio of the components and possible particle size, as well as bioadhesive ability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility of FDG‐PET/CT in the follow‐up of neuroblastoma which became MIBG‐negative
Authors: Colavolpe Cécile , Guedj Eric , Cammilleri Serge , Taïeb David , Mundler Olivier , Coze Carole 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe report on the case of a 10‐month‐old female infant with a metastatic neuroblastoma which became MIBG‐negative at time of relapse. We discuss the different hypothesis associated with this particular outcome, and the potential utility of FDG‐PET as an alternative to follow up the residual disease at this stage. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:828–831. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bordetella holmesii bacteremia in sickle cell disease
Authors: McCavit Timothy L. , Grube Steve , Revell Paula , Quinn Charles T. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPatients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have an increased risk of invasive bacterial infection because of hyposplenism. Bordetella holmesii is a recently described Gram‐negative coccobacillus with an apparent predilection for asplenic hosts. We report two patients with SCD and B. holmesii bacteremia. Fastidious growth in culture and a typically uncomplicated clinical course distinguish B. holmesii infection from other invasive bacterial infections in SCD. Providers for patients with SCD should be aware of this pathogen and ensure that their microbiology laboratories are capable of isolating and identifying this organism. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:814–816. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plethysmographic lung volumes in normal chilean children and adolescents
Authors: Caussade Solange , Pulgar Dahiana , Vega‐Briceno Luis , Viviani Paola , Diaz Carla , Contreras Ilse , Sanchez Ignacio 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIntroductionPlethysmographic measurement is the most reliable method for evaluating lung volumes in children. Current published normative data are based on studies in primarily Caucasian children.ObjectivesTo establish Chilean normal values with new reference equations and to compare these results with previously published data.Subjects and MethodsLung function was measured [slow vital capacity (SVC), inspiratory capacity (IC), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV), total lung capacity (TLC), and RV/TLC] in 245 healthy Chilean school children and adolescents, using spirometry and plethysmography; 123 girls and 122 boys were studied, aged 7–18 years.ResultsAlmost all variables of pulmonary volume differed between boys and girls (P < 0.05). Z scores were significantly higher than zero in all age groups when compared with predicted values. We present predictive exponential equations for each variable of static lung volume; all of these variables had a strong correlation with height, but not weight.SummaryNormal values of lung volumes of Chilean school children and adolescents are significantly higher than the current predictive values. These differences may be related to differences in anthropometric characteristics. We recommend using these data in our population and postulate that Latin‐American populations like ours may have similar lung volumes. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:866–873. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effectiveness of home treatment for patients with cystic fibrosis: The intravenous administration of antibiotics to treat respiratory infections
Authors: Termoz A. , Touzet S. , Bourdy S. , Decullier E. , Bouveret L. , Colin C. , Nove‐Josserand R. , Reix P. , Cracowski C. , Pin I. , Bellon G. , Durieu I. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPatients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience repeated infectious respiratory exacerbations leading to a continuous decline in lung function. The exacerbations are treated in hospital or at home. Our aim was to compare the clinical outcome for patients undergoing intravenous antibiotic treatment either in hospital or at home. A retrospective 10‐year study was performed in four regional CF Centers. The outcome measures were percentage changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and weight for age z‐score (WZS). FEV1, FVC, and WZS changes were calculated for the entire study period and for each course. A total of 1,164 courses were analyzed. For each course, the mean improvement in FEV1 and FVC was significantly higher when performed in hospital than when performed at home (P < 0.05). FEV1 and FVC values were 10.2%, 9.5% respectively in the hospital group and 7.3%, 6.8% in the home group. A total of 153 patients were analyzed (51 inpatients matched to 102 patients treated at home). The two groups had no significant differences in any outcome variable at baseline. The mean variation per year in FEV1 was greater in the hospital group versus the home group (−0.4% vs. −1.8%; P = 0.03). The mean variation per year in WZS was greater in the hospital group versus the home group (P < 0.01). Clinical outcome, as defined by spirometric parameters and body weight, was better after a course of treatment in hospital than after a home treatment. This benefit was maintained throughout of the study period. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:908–915. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Obstructive sleep disordered breathing in children: Beyond adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Praud Jean‐Paul , Dorion Dominique 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTraditionally, adenotonsillectomy (AT) has long been the treatment of choice for obstructive sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children. AT is usually considered a safe procedure, which cures 80% of children with SDB. Accumulated data have however challenged this overly simplistic view. Indeed, AT is invariably associated with significant morbidity, post‐operative pain, and a mortality rate which, though low, cannot be ignored. In addition, aside from a recurrence of SDB at adolescence in an unknown percentage of cases, some recent results suggest that complete SDB cure is not achieved in as much as 75% of cases after AT. Interestingly, several treatment options have been recently proposed for replacing or complementing AT. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is now suggested in children with remaining SDB after AT; however, compliance and suitability of equipment remain important hurdles, especially in small children and infants. Anti‐inflammatory treatments, including nasal glucocorticoids and/or the anti‐leukotriene montelukast, appear to hold great promise. Finally, orthodontic treatments are an appealing option, with recent results in children suggesting that it is possible to improve or perhaps even cure SDB in a durable manner by enlarging the nasal passages and/or the oropharyngeal airspace. In conclusion, while we are currently in the midst of an exciting time with several new treatments being developed for childhood SDB, randomized controlled trials are urgently needed to delineate their indications. In the meantime, it appears that systematic detection of orthodontic anomalies and better collaboration with maxillofacial specialists, including orthodontists and/or dentists, is needed for deciding the best treatment options for childhood SDB. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:837–843. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the analysis of some orbital contributions to the current density in circulenes
Authors: Monaco Guglielmo , Zanasi Riccardo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAccording to the ipsocentric method, the current density stems from a sum of rotationally and translationally allowed transitions: translationally allowed transition are diatropic and rotationally allowed transition must be prevailingly paratropic. Applying this method to circulenes, we show that it can be used, together with simple Hückel theory, to design systems with localized currents on the rim. More importantly, we report the current density maps of coronene2+ and coronene2−. In these systems, a single rotational contribution gives both diatropic and paratropic circulations. This finding has been interpreted by a simple model based on the orbitals of the subsystem, which are the hub and the rim. It turns out that, in such cases, simple inspection of the Hückel orbitals is sufficient to predict the relative tropicities on the rim and the hub. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Preformed pair induced quantum phase transition in fulleride superconductivity
Authors: Squire Richard H. , March Norman H. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThere continues to be enormous interest in the BCS to BEC transition. While the BCS and BEC “end points” seem to be well‐established, in the intermediate region—home to fulleride and high temperature superconductors—considerable extrapolation of the models must be done as there still is no exact theory. Last year we reported a revealing reinterpretation of the Boson–Fermion model (BFM) by comparing it to the “cold” atom formulation. While the ground and singly excited states appear to remain continuous in all models we have examined, the collective modes due to a Feshbach resonance (tuned by doping) cause a breakdown of the Migdal theorem, thereby transforming the nature of the superconductivity. As a result of vertex corrections there is a fundamental change in the nature of the superconductivity due to the formation of “preformed pairs” as the previously suggested location (Squire and March, Int J Quantum Chem 2007, 107, 3013) of a quantum critical point in the fulleride phase diagram is passed. The result is a quantum phase transition between BCS and BEC superconductivity (SC) in the BFM. We discuss features of the resonance and the experimentally observed preformed pair formation in fullerides, essential to the BFM, and often speculated since the work of Nozieres and Schmitt–Rink (J Low Temp Phys 1985, 59, 980). Here we present arguments to establish a model of the preformed pair which can be favorably compared with a circular charge density wave (CDW) isolated on a fulleride molecule due to Coulomb splitting of the Jahn–Teller active Hg vibrational modes. Our conclusions are: (1) the doping of two electrons into triply degenerate t1u orbitals results in the experimentally observed singlet state (CDW); and (2) this CDW (preformed pair) results in suppression of BCS SC and enables the Feshbach resonance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Theoretical studies on effects of hydrogen bonds attaching to cysteine ligands on 4Fe‐4S clusters
Authors: Kitagawa Y. , Shoji M. , Saito T. , Nakanishi Y. , Koizumi K. , Kawakami T. , Okumura M. , Yamaguchi K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe effect of hydrogen bonds attaching to sulfur atoms of cysteine ligands on 4Fe‐4S cluster is examined by using UB3LYP method. Calculated results indicate that an existence of the hydrogen bonds scarcely changes SOMO‐SUMO gap, shapes of Kohn‐Sham orbitals, and magnetic interactions between Fe ions, although it stabilizes Kohn‐Sham orbital energies of SOMO and SUMO about 1.0 eV. And they also make a reduced state stable in comparison with an oxidized state. In addition, the point charges of +0.1e (e: elementary electric charge) at the position of the hydrogen atoms give almost same results to the hydrogen bonds quantitatively. The results suggest that a positive environment from the hydrogen bonds around the clusters is important for a redox potential of 4Fe‐4S clusters. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Computational modeling of inclusion complexes of β‐cyclodextrin with enantiomers of salsolinol, N‐methyl‐salsolinol, and 1‐benzyl‐tetrahydroisoquinoline
Authors: Huang Ming‐Ju , Quan Zhe , Liu Yi‐Ming 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCapillary electrophoresis with β‐CD as a chiral selector has successfully separated the two enantiomers of salsolinol, N‐methyl‐salsolinol, and 1‐benzyl‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (BTIQ). The migration times of each enantiomer in capillary electrophoresis reflect the stability of their β‐CD inclusion complexes. This paper reports a computational modeling study of the inclusion complexes of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) with salsolinol, N‐methyl‐salsolinol, and BTIQ by using PM3 (Parametric Method 3) semiempirical molecular orbital calculations and the ONIOM hybrid method. Two types of the inclusion complexes, cis‐ and trans‐orientations, are considered for each enantiomer of the guest molecules, salsolinol, N‐methyl‐salsolinol, and BTIQ. In the cis‐orientation, the nitrogen in the salsolinol, N‐methyl‐salsolinol, and BTIQ points toward the secondary hydroxyls of the β‐CD, while in the trans‐orientation, the nitrogen in salsolinol, N‐methyl‐salsolinol, and BTIQ points toward the primary hydroxyls of the β‐CD. We found that the stabilization energies of these inclusion complexes from these PM3 and ONIOM different methods correlate very well with the migration order deduced from the study of capillary electrophoretic separation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Structural evaluation of the glucuronides of morphine and formoterol using chemical derivatization with 1,2‐dimethylimidazole‐4‐sulfonyl chloride and liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Salomonsson Matilda Lampinen , Bondesson Ulf , Hedeland Mikael 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFor the first time chemical derivatization of isomeric drug glucuronides with 1,2‐dimethylimidazole‐4‐sulfonyl chloride (DMISC) has been successfully applied as a tool for determining the site of conjugation. This provides a way to differentiate between glucuronide isomers containing aliphatic and phenolic hydroxyl groups. The analyses were performed with liquid chromatography/electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MSn). DMISC has previously been shown to react selectively with phenols in estrogens, thus improving sensitivity in ESI‐MS. The model compounds selected for this study were commercially available standards of formoterol, morphine, morphine‐3‐glucuronide (M3G), and morphine‐6‐glucuronide (M6G). Formoterol glucuronides were produced with an enzymatic method in house. Both formoterol and morphine possess one phenolic and one aliphatic hydroxyl group where glucuronidation could take place. The product ion mass spectra of the native morphine glucuronides were indistinguishable due to the initial neutral loss of monodehydrated glucuronic acid (176 u). However, a significant difference between the isomers was observed with DMISC derivatization, as only the form with a free phenol, M6G, gave a detectable reaction product. Formoterol formed two detectable glucuronide isomers in the enzymatic reaction. Their respective sites of conjugation could not be directly determined from the product ion spectra. Reaction with DMISC, however, gave a detectable product with only one of the isomers. Based on previous experience of the preferred DMISC reactions with phenols, and interpretation of the fragmentation pattern of the derivative, it was concluded that the reactive isomer had a free phenol, and was thus conjugated on the aliphatic chain. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Software for the calculation of isotope patterns in tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ramaley Louis , Herrera Lisandra Cubero 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSoftware, available at no cost on the Internet, is described which uses polynomial expansion algorithms to calculate the isotope patterns for precursor ion, neutral loss, and MSn product ion tandem mass spectra. Such information is useful for determining product ion and neutral loss composition, identification of analytes in complex samples, deconvolution of overlapping spectra, and correction of peak heights or areas in quantitative analysis. The effect of less than unit mass resolution on the isotope patterns is described and experimental examples of the use of the software are presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.