bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundedness and Convergence of Mini-batch Gradient Method with Cyclic Dropconnect and Penalty
Authors: Jing Junling , Jinhang Cai , Zhang Huisheng , Zhang Wenxia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDropout is perhaps the most popular regularization method for deep learning. Due to the stochastic nature of the Dropout mechanism, the convergence analysis of Dropout learning is challenging and the existing convergence results are mainly of probability nature. In this paper, we investigate the deterministic convergence of the mini-batch gradient learning method with Dropconnect and penalty. By drawing and presenting a set of samples of the mask matrix of Dropconnect regularization into the learning process in a cyclic manner, we establish an upper bound of the norm of the weight vector sequence and prove that the gradient of the cost function, the cost function itself, and the weight vector sequence deterministically converge to zero, a constant, and a fixed point respectively. Considering Dropout is mathematically a specific realization of Dropconnect, the established theoretical results in this paper are also valid for Dropout learning. Illustrative simulations on the MNIST dataset are provided to verify the theoretical analysis.
Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Capacity of Grape Seed and Grape Skin Phenolic Compounds After Simulated In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion
Authors: Elejalde Edurne , Villarán María Carmen , Esquivel Argitxu , Alonso Rosa María 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGrapes present recognized beneficial effects on human health due to their polyphenolic composition. The grape overproduction together with the wine sales down and the world socioeconomic situation makes the wine grape valorization a promising strategy to give an added-value to this natural product. The objective of the present work was to study the influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic profile of skin and seed extracts of different grape varieties (Tempranillo, Graciano, Maturana tinta and Hondarrabi zuri). After in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, total phenolic content (TPC) of seed polyphenolic extracts decreased significantly for all the varieties. The highest decrease was for Tempranillo going from 108 ± 9 to 50 ± 3 mg / g dry matter (dm). This variety also showed the highest decrease of 90% in antioxidant capacity. However, for all the skin polyphenolic extracts there was an increase in TPC. The highest variation was also for Tempranillo. It varied from 10.1 ± 0.8 to 55.1 ± 0.9 mg / g dm. Among red varieties Tempranillo skin polyphenolic extract showed the lowest undigested anthocyanin content but the highest bioaccessibility index (BI) of 77%. For flavanols, flavonols and procyanidins the seed polyphenolic extracts showed a BI at the intestinal phase between 11% for (+)-epicatechin gallate to 130% procyanidin A2. The results of this study suggest that grape skin extracts and grape seed extracts are a reliable source of bioaccessible antioxidant polyphenols, to be used for the development of antioxidant supplements with specific functionalities depending on the grape variety.
Gender Equity in Deanship of the Central and Eastern European Law Schools
Authors: Kużelewska Elżbieta , Kraśnicka Izabela , Gruodytė Edita , Plakolli-Kasumi Luljeta , Trocan Laura Magdalena , Žuber Bruna , Draganov Jivko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe paper aims to analyze the scope of female leadership (deanship) at public and non-public law faculties in selected countries from the region of Central and Eastern Europe: Poland, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Kosovo, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Montenegro. The paper will explore the engagement of women in the administration of law schools operating within public (and non-public) schools (universities) across the region in the latest years. The paper aims to show the number of female deanships at law faculties in the analyzed states. This analysis will be based on statistical data obtained from the available public sources (including national databases as well as the European Union resources) providing the number of female deans and vice-deans appointed or elected by the academia at all higher education institutions within the country. The initial hypothesis states that gender inequality has been present in the deanship of analyzed law schools and reflects general trends in gender equality in Europe. Comprehensive analysis of the central and eastern European states will allow formulating the key conclusions and answering the following research questions concerning the differences in the numbers of women on the key positions within the law faculties in terms of public versus non-public institutions and in the light of the general gender equality trends in the continent. The research methods used for the analysis include a dogmatic method, statistical method as well as comparative method.
The Textual Organisation of CJEU Judgments
Authors: Trklja Aleksandar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research paper focuses on the comprehensive description and analysis of the structure of judgments from the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Despite the growing interest in examining the rhetorical and linguistic aspects of legal texts, the genre structure of judgments has remained a little-explored area. While headings and paragraph enumeration provide a systematic reference system for citation and cross-referencing they do not reveal the dynamic relations between individual text chunks in judgments. The current analysis combines Swales and Bhatia's genre theory with Hoey's approach to patterning in discourse and corpus linguistics analyses. The findings show that the complexity of CJEU judgments extends beyond surface-level information with linguistic expressions playing a crucial role in highlighting dynamic relations and discourse patterning. The results reveal how the structure of CJEU judgments has changed over time and point to the intratextual relations between different sections. Additionally, the study provides a detailed description of the textual organisation of CJEU judgments in terms of move structures and conventionalised discourse patterns.
Attitude ascriptions: a new old problem for Russell’s theory of descriptions
Authors: Rinner Stefan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn order to explain that sentences containing empty definite descriptions are nevertheless true or false, Russell famously analyzes sentences of the form ‘The F is G’ as ‘There is exactly one F and it is G’. Against this it has been objected that Russell’s analysis provides the wrong truth-conditions when it comes to non-doxastic attitude ascriptions. For example, according to Heim, Kripke, and Elbourne (HKE), there are circumstances in which (1) is true and (2) is false.

Hans wants the ghost in his attic to be quiet tonight.

Hans wants there to be exactly one ghost in his attic and for it to be quiet tonight.

After all, the argument goes, unlike (2), (1) can be true without Hans wanting there to be exactly one ghost in his attic. Kaplan and Neale famously reply that the HKE objection presupposes that non-doxastic attitudes are closed under entailment, which they are not. For Rostworowski, on the other hand, the problematic principle used by the HKE objection is a substitutivity principle for non-doxastic attitude ascriptions. This is further supported by the fact that, as Elbourne points out, Russell’s analysis already leads to a problem similar to the HKE objection together with substitutivity alone. By questioning substitutivity for non-doxastic attitude ascriptions, Rostworowski tries to block both the HKE objection and Elbourne’s variant of the HKE objection. In this paper, I will argue that Russell’s analysis of definite descriptions leads to a variant of the HKE objection even in the context of doxastic attitude ascriptions. Since, as we will see, doxastic attitude ascriptions do not seem to suffer from the substitutivity problems discussed by Rostworowski in the context of non-doxastic attitude ascriptions, this will further exacerbate the problem for Russell’s analysis. I will then discuss the possibility to reject substitutivity for doxastic attitude ascriptions using a contextualist analysis of attitude ascriptions. However, we will see that, independent of whether we accept substitutivity for doxastic attitude ascriptions, a complete solution of the doxastic problem has to reject Russell’s analysis of the truth-conditions of sentences of the form ‘The F is G’. Concluding, I will show that, unlike Russell’s analysis, the Frege–Strawson analysis of definite descriptions, according to which a sentence of the form ‘The F is G’ presupposes that there is exactly one F, rather than asserting it, provides an explanation of the HKE objection, Elbourne’s variant of the HKE objection, and the doxastic problem presented in this paper. This will speak not only in favor of a Fregean analysis of definite descriptions, but also of a Fregean conception of propositions.
Stochastic Periodic Microstructures for Multiscale Modelling of Heterogeneous Materials
Authors: Ricketts Evan John 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Plurigaussian simulation is a method of discrete random field generation that can be used to generate many complex geometries depicting real world structures. Whilst it is commonly applied at larger scales to represent geological phenomena, the highly flexible approach is suitable for generating structures at all scales. Here, an extension of plurigaussian simulation to periodic plurigaussian simulation (P-PGS) is presented, such that the resulting fields are periodic in nature. By using periodic Gaussian random fields as components of the method, periodicity is enforced in the generated structures. To substantiate the use of P-PGS in capturing complex heterogeneities in a physically meaningful way, the pore-scale microstructure of cement paste was represented such that its effective properties can be calculated through a computational homogenisation approach. The finite element method is employed to model the diffusion of heat through the medium under dry and saturated pore conditions, where numerical homogenisation is conducted to calculate the effective thermal conductivity of the medium. Comparison of the calculated values with experimental observations indicated that the generated microstructures are suitable for pore-scale representation, given their close match. A maximal error of 1.38% was observed in relation to the numerically determined effective thermal conductivity of mortar paste with air filled pores, and 0.41% when considering water filled pores. As the assumption of a periodic domain is often an underlying feature of numerical homogenisation, this extension of plurigaussian simulation enables a path for its integration into such computational schemes.

Article Highlights

Integrating P-PGS into numerical homogenisation frameworks enhances complex heterogeneous material representation

The flexibility of P-PGS enables a wide range of material microstructures to be represented accurately

Use of the generated structures allows material properties to be estimated accurately through numerical homogenisation
Insects as potential vectors of phytoplasmas in urban trees in a mega-city: a case study in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Silva-Castaño Andres Felipe , Brochero Helena , Franco-Lara Liliana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUrban trees offer many ecosystem services which can be affected by pathogens, including phytoplasmas. Phytoplasmas cause regulator growth imbalances in infected plants, which produce deviations from the normal plant architecture, among other symptoms. In Bogotá, Colombia, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma fraxini’ infect at least 11 species of urban trees, including Andean oak. This tree species is endemic to Colombia and Panama, and it plays an important ecologic role in the Colombian Andes wild forests. In Bogotá, knowledge about the insect vectors associated with the transmission of phytoplasmas to Andean oak is scarce. In this work we sampled the entomofauna of Andean oaks and evaluated the role of Cicadellidae and Psylloidea taxa as potential vectors of phytoplasmas in Bogotá. Insects were captured using direct and indirect sampling methods from Andean oaks at three contrasting sites in Bogotá, and also from neighbouring trees. The insects were identified by morphological and molecular methods and tested for phytoplasmas. In total, 510 Cicadellidae members of 13 taxa and 129 Psylloidea of 8 taxa were captured; richness and abundance depended on the type and sampling site. The most abundant species were Scaphytopius (Convelinus) sp. (Cicadellidae) and Acizzia uncatoides (Psylloidea). Leafhoppers positive for phytoplasmas were Chiasmodolini, Dikrella (Readionia) sp., Empoasca sp. and Scaphytopius sp. taxa. Our results suggest that several potential species of phytoplasmas may be dispersing phytoplasmas to Andean oaks and other urban tree species. It is necessary to conduct transmission tests to evaluate the transmission capacity of the potential vectors.
Instructional design students’ design judgment development
Authors: Demiral-Uzan Muruvvet , Boling Elizabeth 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis qualitative multi-case study explores the exercise and development of the design judgment of eight instructional design (ID) students working on design projects over one semester in graduate programs at four different institutions in the USA. Their design processes were explored through interviews and their design documents using the concepts of design judgment as reported by Nelson and Stolterman (The design way: Intentional change in an unpredictable world, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2012) and reflection-in-action as reported by Schön (The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action, Basic Books, New York, 1983) to characterize the exercise and development of their design judgment across the semester. Findings reveal that these ID students make multiple design judgments concurrently and constantly. Their prior design experience, the course requirements and their design practice in class influence both the exercise and development of their design judgment. Lastly, the development of their design judgment is both perceptible and personal. In light of these findings, recommendations are made for how to support the development of ID students’ design judgment.
Relationship Between Reactive Astrocytes, by [18F]SMBT-1 Imaging, with Amyloid-Beta, Tau, Glucose Metabolism, and TSPO in Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kong Yanyan , Maschio Cinzia A. , Shi Xuefeng , Xie Fang , Zuo Chuantao , Konietzko Uwe , Shi Kuangyu , Rominger Axel , Xiao Jianfei , Huang Qi , Nitsch Roger M. , Guan Yihui , Ni Ruiqing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReactive astrocytes play an important role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we aimed to investigate the temporospatial relationships among monoamine oxidase-B, tau and amyloid-β (Aβ), translocator protein, and glucose metabolism by using multitracer imaging in AD transgenic mouse models. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [18F]SMBT-1 (monoamine oxidase-B), [18F]florbetapir (Aβ), [18F]PM-PBB3 (tau), [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), and [18F]DPA-714 (translocator protein) was carried out in 5- and 10-month-old APP/PS1, 11-month-old 3×Tg mice, and aged-matched wild-type mice. The brain regional referenced standard uptake value (SUVR) was computed with the cerebellum as the reference region. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on mouse brain tissue slices. [18F]SMBT-1 and [18F]florbetapir SUVRs were greater in the cortex and hippocampus of 10-month-old APP/PS1 mice than in those of 5-month-old APP/PS1 mice and wild-type mice. No significant difference in the regional [18F]FDG or [18F]DPA-714 SUVRs was observed in the brains of 5- or 10-month-old APP/PS1 mice or wild-type mice. No significant difference in the SUVRs of any tracer was observed between 11-month-old 3×Tg mice and age-matched wild-type mice. A positive correlation between the SUVRs of [18F]florbetapir and [18F]DPA-714 in the cortex and hippocampus was observed among the transgenic mice. Immunostaining validated the distribution of MAO-B and limited Aβ and tau pathology in 11-month-old 3×Tg mice; and Aβ deposits in brain tissue from 10-month-old APP/PS1 mice. In summary, these findings provide in vivo evidence that an increase in astrocyte [18F]SMBT-1 accompanies Aβ accumulation in APP/PS1 models of AD amyloidosis.
Spin-controlled topological phase transition in non-Euclidean space
Authors: Du Zhuochen , Gao Jinze , Yan Qiuchen , Lu Cuicui , Hu Xiaoyong , Gong Qihuang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractModulation of topological phase transition has been pursued by researchers in both condensed matter and optics research fields, and has been realized in Euclidean systems, such as topological photonic crystals, topological metamaterials, and coupled resonator arrays. However, the spin-controlled topological phase transition in non-Euclidean space has not yet been explored. Here, we propose a non-Euclidean configuration based on Möbius rings, and we demonstrate the spin-controlled transition between the topological edge state and the bulk state. The Möbius ring, which is designed to have an 8π period, has a square cross section at the twist beginning and the length/width evolves adiabatically along the loop, accompanied by conversion from transverse electric to transverse magnetic modes resulting from the spin-locked effect. The 8π period Möbius rings are used to construct Su–Schrieffer–Heeger configuration, and the configuration can support the topological edge states excited by circularly polarized light, and meanwhile a transition from the topological edge state to the bulk state can be realized by controlling circular polarization. In addition, the spin-controlled topological phase transition in non-Euclidean space is feasible for both Hermitian and non-Hermitian cases in 2D systems. This work provides a new degree of polarization to control topological photonic states based on the spin of Möbius rings and opens a way to tune the topological phase in non-Euclidean space.
Graphical abstract
The Role of Self-compassion as a Mediator Between Insomnia, Depression, and Anxiety
Authors: Marques Daniel Ruivo , Miller-Mendes Mariana , Gomes Ana Allen , Pereira Anabela Sousa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Insomnia, depression, and anxiety are associated constructs with direct impact on health and quality of life. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these associations remain largely understudied. One of the possible intermediary variables underlying these associations might be self-compassion. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to specifically examine if self-compassion mediates the relationship between insomnia and depression (and vice versa) and insomnia and anxiety (and vice versa).

Methods
Data from 494 individuals were collected. The participants were recruited from the general population and filled out an online survey containing a set of self-reported measures of insomnia severity, depression, and anxiety.

Results
The findings indicated that insomnia effect on depression operates through self-compassion (b = 0.08; 95% CI [0.01, 0.12]), whereas the effect of depression on insomnia through self-compassion was not supported. Regarding anxiety, it was observed that self-compassion has a mediating effect on the relationship between insomnia and anxiety (b = 0.06; 95% CI [0.03, 0.09]). Cross-sectional design of the study does not allow to infer causal relationships. Mediator variable did not support the indirect effect of anxiety on insomnia.

Conclusion
Self-compassion seems to be an important factor to be taken into account in preventive and intervention programs for insomnia.
Preparation of shape memory polyurethane composite materials by grafting PCL onto CNFs with different carboxyl content
Authors: Liu Xiaohong , Basta Altaf H. , Liu Rui , Fu Shiyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study describes the preparation of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with varying amounts of carboxyl groups from rice straw pulp using the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO oxidation system. The resulting CNFs were found to be in the form of nanofibers with an average diameter of 6 nm and an average length of 160 nm. To further enhance their properties, the CNFs were grafted with polycaprolactone (PCL) to create CNFs-g-PCL, which was then blended with shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) to produce CNFs-g-PCL/SMPU composites. It was observed that as the carboxyl content in CNFs increased from 0.35 to 1.14 mmol/g, the graft ratio of PCL on CNFs decreased from 24.6 to 10.7%. Consequently, the hydrophobicity of the grafted product (CNFs-g-PCL) also decreased. When 10% CNFs-g-PCL was added to the SMPU matrix, the elastic modulus and tensile stress of the resulting composite were both higher than those of the pure SMPU, increasing by up to 54.4% and 67.3%, respectively. Additionally, the shape retention and shape recovery rates of the composite remained stable after addition of CNFs-g-PCL. In conclusion, incorporating CNFs-g-PCL into SMPU can improve its mechanical properties while maintaining its shape memory properties.
Graphical abstract
Building a More Robust Introduction to Measurement in Research Method Courses
Authors: Reynolds Joshua J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMeasurement is integral to science. Given that it takes many years to become knowledgeable in measurement, it is valuable to consider current practices in teaching measurement to undergraduate psychology students. It is argued here that psychology research method courses could benefit from significant additions and clarifications in the topic of measurement. Three topics to consider are: discussions of different measurement viewpoints, the conditions for continuous quantities, and measurement challenges in psychology. These topics can be integrated into our courses and would translate to a more nuanced understanding of measurement and a greater ability to critically think about measurement in psychology. Suggested strategies for teaching about these topics are also discussed.