bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OVARIAN AND PLACENTAL HORMONES DURING PROLACTIN SUPPRESSION AND STIMULATION IN EARLY HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: ANDERSEN A. N. , HERTZ J. , KJER J. J. , ESKILDSEN P. C. , LARSEN P. S. , SVENSTRUP B. , NIELSEN J. , ARENDS J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwenty‐seven healthy females referred for legal abortion between the sixth and ninth week of pregnancy were treated for 1 week with either bromocriptine, metoclopramide or placebo. Serum prolactin was significantly (P < 0·01) elevated by metoclopramide and suppressed by bromocriptine. Despite a more than tenfold difference in circulating prolactin levels among these two groups, no significant difference was found in serum levels of progesterone, oestradiol, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) human placental lactogen (hPL) or pregnancy specific B1‐glycoprotein (SP1). These data suggest that circulating levels of prolactin below 150 ng/ml are without effect on either luteal or placental hormone secretion during early human pregnancy.
RESPONSE OF PERIPHERAL SERUM SEX STEROIDS AND SOME OF THEIR PRECURSORS TO A SINGLE INJECTION OF hCG IN ADULT MEN
Authors: MARTIKAINEN H. , HUHTANIEMI I. , VIHKO R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYNine healthy men were given a single intramuscular injection of 5000 iu of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Peripheral blood samples were serially collected up to 7 days after the injection, and the sera were analysed for hCG and eight steroids hCG reached a maximum, 130·13 (SEM) iu/l, at 8 h and declined thereafter with a half‐life of about 24 h. Testosterone and 17‐hydroxyprogester‐one were elevated at 2 h, to 132·11% and 169·32%, respectively, when compared with the 0 h levels. It is to be observed, however, that in saline injected control men (n= 6) an early increase in serum testosterone was also observed. When compared with the saline‐injected controls, the first significant elevation in testosterone was obtained not earlier than at 12 h, and the maximum was seen at 96 h (239·23% of controls). Correspondingly, the first significant elevation of 17‐hydroxyprogesterone was seen at 8 h and the maximum at 36 h (296·44%) after the hCG injection. The maximum concentration of serum oestradiol was also found at 36 h (230·15%). The patterns of response in serum levels of androstenedione, and, to a lesser extent, in those of 5α‐dihydrotestosterone, were similar to those of testosterone. Progesterone levels decreased during days 3–7 after the hCG injection, and no clear changes were seen in the peripheral serum concentrations of pregnenolone and androsterone. The ‐24 and ‐12 h control samples displayed a diurnal rhythmicity for progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone and androsterone; the 08.00 h levels being significantly higher than those at 20.00 h. Our results show that, in the adult, human testicular androgen biosynthesis responds relatively slowly to additional gonadotrophic stimulation. The late peak of peripheral serum testosterone level after the hCG injection and the stimulatory sequence of its precursor steroids suggest that the side chain cleavage of C21 steroids, beyond 17 α‐hydroxylation, may be a critical step in the human testicular androgen response to this gonadotrophin. The clear increase in serum oestradiol during the hCG stimulation points out the potential importance of endogenous oestrogens in testicular endocrine function.
INAPPROPRIATE GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE IN THE DIENCEPHALIC SYNDROME OF CHILDHOOD: CASE REPORT AND 4 YEAR ENDOCRINOLOGICAL FOLLOW‐UP
Authors: DROP S. L. S. , GUYDA H. J. , COLLE ELEANOR 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA boy with an astrocytoma in the anterior hypothalamic area and typical features of the diencephalic syndrome of childhood was followed with yearly endocrinological evaluation from 10 months of age until he was 5½‐years‐old. Radiation therapy resulted in temporary clinical improvement. At the time of diagnosis height and bone age were advanced. Basal concentrations of growth hormone (GH) were markedly elevated and could only be partially suppressed by an oral glucose load. There was a paradoxical decline of GH levels following arginine‐insulin infusion and an abnormal GH release with TRH administration. Abnormal GH response to the various stimuli persisted for 2 years after radiation therapy. Pituitary secretion of LH, FSH, TSH, prolactin and ACTH remained intact. The characteristic clinical features as well as the endocrinological findings remain unexplained.
THE PROLACTIN RESPONSE TO METOCLOPRAMIDE IN GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENT ADOLESCENT MALES
Authors: COHEN H. N. , BEASTALL G. H. , FYFFE J. A. , FITZGERALD V. , THOMSON J. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) responses following administration of 10 mg i.v. metoclopramide (MCP) (‘Maxolon’—Beecham Pharmaceuticals) have been examined in thirty adolescent males with short stature and delayed puberty, eight of whom have isolated growth hormone deficiency. The results demonstrate that peak GH and PRL levels following stimulation were highly significantly correlated when all subjects were analysed together (r=0·61, P < 0·001) but when the responses of the GH deficient and non‐deficient groups of subjects were analysed separately no significant correlation was obtained (P > 0·1), this reflected the fact that the PRL response to MCP was significantly lower in the GH deficient group (P < 0·0002). In addition two boys who demonstrated biochemical GH deficiency prior to puberty only, showed PRL responses similar to boys with normal GH reserves. The results suggest that the PRL response to MCP may be of value in the assessment of stimulation tests of GH reserve, as well as in the selection of patients for treatment with G.H.
EFFECTS OF CYPROHEPTADINE ON INSULIN‐INDUCED HYPOGLYCAEMIA SECRETION OF PRL, GH AND CORTISOL
Authors: KLETZKY O. A. , MARRS R. P. , NICOLOFF J. T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of cyproheptadine hydrochloride on release of prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and cortisol following insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia was investigated in a group of eight adult female and male subjects. The results of this study demonstrated that cyproheptadine does not influence the release of these three hormones under the conditions employed in this study. The conflicting observation concerning the action of cyproheptadine on pituitary function as reported in the literature, may be a reflection of the diversity of pharmacological actions of this drug. Thus, any purported influence this drug might have on pituitary hormonal release should be interpreted with caution.
THE CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECT OF VASOPRESSIN IN RELATION TO ITS PLASMA CONCENTRATION IN MAN AND ITS RELEVANCE TO HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: KHOKHAR A. M. , SLATER J. D. H. , MA J. , RAMAGE CHRISTINE M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe cardiovascular response and the changes of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration following graded doses of AVP infused intravenously have been defined in six normal young men.The same measurements were also made during fluid deprivation in a patient with both nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and systemic hypertension. When, following AVP infusion, mean diastolic arterial pressure increased from 72·3 mmHg (SEM) to 78·2 mmHg (SEM) in the normal subject group, mean plasma AVP increased by 14·5 fmol/ml. When the patient was deprived of water, diastolic pressure increased, despite the fluid loss, from 90 to 105 mmHg, with a comparable increase of plasma AVP concentration of 15·3 fmol/ml. Further increases of plasma AVP concentration in either the normal subjects or in the patient were not associated with further increments of arterial pressure. We suggest that under pathophysiological circumstances in man plasma AVP concentrations may achieve levels which have a significant cardiovascular effect.
A LOW DOSE REGIME OF 1α HYDROXYVITAMIN D3 IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SENILE OSTEOPOROSIS: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: COHEN H. N. , FARRAH D. , FOGELMAN I. , GOLL C.C. , BEASTALL G. H. , McINTOSH W. B. , FLETCHER M. , BOYLE I. T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA comparison has been made between the metabolic consequences of daily administration for 6 weeks of 1·0 μg and 0·5 μg la hydroxyvitamin D3 (1α(OH)D3) in twenty patients with senile osteoporosis. There was no significant difference in the increase of calcium absorption which occurred in the two treatment groups between the beginning and end of the trial period. Serum and urinary calcium rose significantly in those receiving 1·0 μg 1α(OH)D3 but not in the lower dosage group. Serum parathyroid hormone levels were suppressed in the higher dosage group only. There was a significantly greater rise of serum inorganic phosphate, and fall of serum magnesium, on the higher dosage, but no significant change in serum creatinine occurred in either group. It is, therefore, suggested that in long term therapy regimes for osteoporosis incorporating 1α(OH)D3, 0·5 μg may be a more suitable daily dose than 1·0 μg 1α(OH)D3.
PANCREATIC SOMATOSTATINOMA PRESENTING WITH HYPOGLYCAEMIA
Authors: WRIGHT J. , ABOLFATHI A. , PENMAN ERICA , MARKS V. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA 33‐year‐old woman with a 2 month history of vague ill health was admitted to hospital in hypoglycaemic coma. Preoperative investigation suggested malignant insulinoma as the probable cause of illness, but immunohistological examination of the tumour showed it to consist mainly of somatostatin‐containing cells but sparse insulin‐secreting cells were also present. Plasma immuno‐reactive somatostatin levels were from fifty to 200 times the upper limit of normal and rose in response to arginine and fell during diazoxide infusion. The hypoglycaemia was unusually sensitive to the hyperglycaemic effects of diazoxide and chlorothiazide and, with 5‐fluorouracil as the only specific anti‐tumour agent, there has been clinical, biochemical and radiological evidence of tumour regression.
GROWTH HORMONE CELL ANTIBODIES AND PARTIAL GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY IN A GIRL WITH TURNER'S SYNDROME
Authors: BOTTAZZO G. F. , McINTOSH C. , STANFORD W. , PREECE M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYGrowth hormone (GH) cell auto‐antibodies have been demonstrated in the serum of a girl with an iso‐chromosome variant of Turner's syndrome. On two occasions she showed an abnormal response of GH release during insulin induced hypoglycaemia. Her response to GH treatment was poor, but this was commenced at a very late bone‐age. It is possible that autoimmunity is a new aetiological factor for GH deficiency in some cases.
HYPERTHYROIDISM DUE TO A PITUITARY TSH SECRETING TUMOUR WITH AMENORRHOEA‐GALACTORRHOEA
Authors: BENOIT R. , PEARSON‐MURPHY B. E. , ROBERT F. , MARCOVITZ S. , HARDY J. , TSOUKAS G. , GARDINER† R. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA 20–year‐old female presented with thyrotoxicosis associated with amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea after oral contraceptive withdrawal. Serum TSH was persistently elevated (mean: 28 ± 31 μU/ml during 24–h sampling and did not vary significantly after TRH, bromocriptine or somatostatin. Prolactin levels remained constantly at the upper limit of normal (mean: 206 ± 21 ng/ml, with a minimal increase after TRH, a slight decrease after somatostatin (54%) and a marked decrease after bromocriptine (885%). Surgical exploration revealed an unusually firm tumour adherant to the wall of the sella turcica; electron microscopic study showed that it was composed almost exclusively of thyrotrophs. After a transient period of euthyroidism post‐operatively, T3 toxicosis occurred with an increased TSH level (155 μU/ml) and a rise in TSH and alpha subunit in response to TRH. An increase in T4 followed while prolactin remained low.
DYNAMICS OF SERUM rT3 AND 3, 3‐T2 DURING rT3 INFUSION IN PATIENTS TREATED FOR THYROTOXICOSIS WITH PROPYLTHIOURACIL OR METHIMAZOLE
Authors: LAURBERG P. , WEEKE J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYrT3 metabolism in patients treated for thyrotoxicosis with propylthiouracil (PTU), or methimazole (MMI) was studied by infusion of rT3 and measurements of the increase in serum rT3 and serum 3, 3′‐diiodothyronine.The results indicate that the high serum rT3 observed during treatment with PTU is not due to an increase in rT3 production, but to a decrease in the metabolic clearance rate of rT3. rT3 infusion was followed by an increase in serum 3, 3′‐T2 which was similar whether PTU or MMI was given. However, after stopping rT3 infusion there was a more rapid fall in serum 3, 3′‐T2 during MMI treatment, compatible with an inhibitory effect of PTU on 3, 3′‐T2 degradation.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ACROMEGALY IN THE NEWCASTLE REGION
Authors: ALEXANDER L. , APPLETON D. , HALL R. , ROSS W. M. , WILKINSON R. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIn an attempt to derive estimates of the incidence and prevalence of acromegaly a survey of the population in the area served by the former Newcastle Regional Hospital Board has been conducted to detect cases of acromegaly alive after 1 January 1960 and diagnosed before 31 December 1971. Cases were detected by means of letters to general practitioners, hospital physicians, neurosurgeons and to hospital records officers, as well as from death certificates. From the population of 3.1 millions a firm diagnosis of acromegaly was made in 164 patients, in eighty‐one on clinical grounds alone and in eighty‐three with confirmation by assay of human growth hormone (hGH). The annual incidence of acromegaly appears to be close to three cases per million and the prevalence of diagnosed cases up to forty cases per million. In male acromegalics there was a significant increase in the risk of death from cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, respiratory and malignant diseases but in females from cerebrovascular disease only.
EFFECT OF INTRANASAL LHRH THERAPY ON PLASMA LH, FSH AND TESTOSTERONE, AND RELATION TO CLINICAL RESULTS IN PREPUBERTAL BOYS WITH CRYPTORCHIDISM
Authors: ILLIG RUTH , TORRESANI T. , BUCHER H. , ZACHMANN M. , PRADER A. 
Published: March 2008

SummarySynthetic LHRH (HOE 471) administered intranasally over a period of 4 weeks for treatment of uni‐ or bilateral cryptorchidism in nineteen otherwise healthy prepubertal boys led to increased basal and peak LH values and to markedly decreased peak FSH values in the i.v. LHRH test. Basal testosterone remained unchanged. Sixteen cryptorchid boys treated with placebo served as a control group. The reduced FSH response to i.v. LHRH could be due to induction of a gonadal feedback mechanism rather than pituitary depletion of FSH, in view of the favourable therapeutic effect and the increased LH secretion seen in some of our patients. Pretreatment LHRH tests were available in twenty successfully and in twenty‐eight unsuccessfully treated boys. LH values were similar in both groups, whereas FSH peak values were significantly higher in boys who responded successfully to subsequent therapy. Testicular descent occurred most readily in boys with a large pool of easily releasable FSH and without a significant rise in testosterone (in contrast to HCG treatment). We suggest that FSH induces changes that potentiate the local action of testosterone.
SERUM CONCENTRATION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN AND ITS ALPHA AND BETA SUBUNITS. 2. TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOURS
Authors: GASPARD U. J. , REUTER AIMÉE M. , DEVÌLLE J‐L. , VRINDTS‐GEVAERT YVONNE , BAGSHAWE K. D. , FRANCHIMONT P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYUsing specific homologous radioimmunoassays of native hCG and its α and β subunits, we determined the levels of these glycoproteins in unfiltered maternal blood serially obtained in five non‐invasive hydatidiform moles before and after evacuation. Some of these samples were assayed after gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G 100. Twelve samples, obtained in cases of invasive trophoblastic tumour after ablative surgery and chemotherapy, were also assessed for their hCG, hCGα and hCGβ content. In unaborted moles, mean circulating levels of native hCG and free hCGβ were considerably increased (seven and thirteen times, respectively) as compared to normal pregnancies of the same age, whereas levels of free hCGα were either normal or slightly elevated. Chromatographic analyses of molar sera confirmed the presence of free circulating subunits, and separated hCGβ in its monomeric form from its higher molecular weight form, the latter being in greater quantity than in normal pregnancy sera. In contrast, the elution profile of serum native hCG was comparable in cases of normal and molar pregnancy. Successful curettage was accompanied by a return to normal levels of the native hCG and its α and β subunits in 40–90 days. Persistence of tumour tissue was indicated by a slight increase in levels of native hCG and the β subunit. Determination of α subunit level was less useful for the detection of any relapse.
REVERSIBLE HYPERTENSION AND HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: BING R. F. , BRIGGS R. S. J. , BURDEN A. C. , RUSSELL G. I. , SWALES J. D. , THURSTON H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSix patients with hypothyroidism and hypertension whose blood pressure fell to normal when treated with thyroxine (172.7.2/112.2.1 to 140.3.2/84.1.6 mmHg, P<0.001) are described. Plasma renin activity (1.76±0.63 ng angiotensin I.ml−1.h−1) was low before treatment. Hypertension with low plasma renin is consistent with sodium retention. Hypertension in the hypothyroid patient only requires further evaluation if it persists after adequate treatment with thyroxine.
VITAMIN D METABOLITES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO AZOTAEMIC OSTEODYSTROPHY*
Authors: MASON REBECCA S. , LISSNER DIANNE , WILKINSON MARGARET , POSEN S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBone biopsies were performed and serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites were measured in twenty‐four patients with chronic renal failure. The concentrations of three metabolites‐25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (25‐OHD). 24,25‐dihydroxyvitarnin D (24,25‐OH2D) and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25‐OH2D)‐were significantly lower in uraemic than in normal sera. There was a positive correlation between serum 24,25‐OH2D and serum 25‐OHD, whereas serum 1,25‐OH2D values, which were independent of those of the other vitamin D metabolites, were negatively correlated with serum creatinine and serum inorganic phosphate. The two major skeletal lesions, osteomalacia and parathyroid osteopathy, while coexisting in many patients, varied independently in relation to their severity and were correlated with different vitamin D metabolites. The severity of osteomalacia was negatively correlated with the serum concentrations of 25‐OHD and 24,25‐OH2D while the severity of parathyroid osteopathy was negatively correlated with serum 1,25‐OH2D values. To our knowledge these are the first systematic studies correlating skeletal histology with dihydroxylated vitamin D metabolites in renal failure in man.
THE ACCURACY AND STANDARDIZATION OF TBG KITS
Authors: HOWORTH P. J. N. , RAOUF A. A. M. , KEIGHTLEY H. G. , MARSDEN P. , O'GORMAN P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThree kits for measurement of serum thyroxine‐binding globulin (TBG) were compared with a reference radioimmunoassay in forty‐three normal euthyroid subjects. The Corning Immophase kit gave similar results to those with the reference method with satisfactory precision and accuracy. The Behringwerke AG RIA‐gnost kit gave results with adequate but lower correlation with the reference method (r = 0.80) than that of the Corning kit trial (r = 0.92). The mean value was significantly greater than the reference method mean, indicating that the Behringwerke kit was inaccurately standardized. The CEA‐Sorin TBG kit (Eurotope services) gave results with a poor correlation against the reference method (r = 0.59). The mean value was also significantly greater than the reference mean indicating that this kit is both inaccurately standardized and less precise than the other two. It is stressed that TBG‐kits need to be periodically standardized against reference methods in the absence of properly validated primary standards in all batches.
SYSTOLIC TIME INTERVALS AND ANKLE REFLEX TIME IN PATIENTS WITH MINIMAL SERUM TSH ELEVATION: RESPONSE TO TRIIODOTHYRONINE THERAPY
Authors: OOI T. C. , WHITLOCK R. M. L. , FRENGLEY P. A. , IBBERTSON H. K. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe ankle reflex half relaxation time (ART) and the systolic time intervals (STI) of myocardial contraction have been proposed as useful indices of peripheral thyroid hormone action. In this study, these indices were evaluated in sixteen subjects with minimal serum thyrotrophin (TSH) elevation (5–25 μu/ml) to determine whether they have tissue hypothyroidism. Measurements were made before and after triiodothyronine (T3) therapy at subreplacement doses of 10 μg twice daily for 4 weeks and 20 μg twice daily for another 4 weeks. These results were compared with those of a control group of fifteen subjects with normal serum TSH (0–4 μu/ml), who went through the same protocol. Pretreatment STI were not significantly different between the two groups. Therapy with T3, 10 μg twice daily, did not alter STI in either group. A significant reduction in STI occurred in both groups with T3, 20 μg twice daily but the degree of reduction was not significantly different between the two groups. On the other hand, pretreatment ART was significantly longer in subjects with minimal serum TSH elevation than in normal subjects. T3 therapy at a dose of 10 μg twice daily, did not change ART in either group. However, a significant reduction in ART occurred with T3, 20 μg twice daily only in subjects with minimal serum TSH elevation and not normal controls. Thus, ART, but not STI measurement discriminated between the two groups and suggested that a mild degree of tissue hypothyroidism might exist in subjects with minimal serum TSH elevation, and that STI is less sensitive than ART in reflecting thyroid hormone action. In a further group of four subjects with overt hypothyroidism (serum TSH>25 μu/ml) pretreatment STI and ART were significantly prolonged. A greater fall in these indices occurred in this group with T3 therapy than in normal controls, confirming previous reports that STI and ART are abnormal in unequivocal hypothyroidism.
SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF METABOLITES OF VITAMIN D IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE (CRF). CONSEQUENCES FOR THE TREATMENT WITH 1‐α‐HYDROXY‐DERIVATIVES
Authors: JUTTMANN J. R. , BUURMAN C. J. , DE KAM E. , VISSER T. J. , BIRKENHÄGER J. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn forty‐two patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), serum concentrations of 25‐hydroxy‐cholecalciferol (25‐OHCC), 24,25‐dihydroxy‐cholecalciferol (24,25‐OH2CC) and 1,25‐dihydroxy‐cholecalciferol (1,25‐OH2CC) were measured before and during intermittent haemodialysis (IHD) and in a few cases also after renal transplantation. 25‐OHCC and 24,25‐OH2CC were measured by means of a competitive protein binding assay after Sephadex LH 20 chromatography and 1,25‐OH2CC by means of a radioimmunoassay after Sephadex LH 20 and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). In our patients serum values for 25‐OHCC and 24,25‐OH2CC showed a seasonal fluctuation as in normal individuals. The concentrations in the serum of 24,25‐OH2CC and 1,25‐OH2CC showed a positive correlation with renal function. With regard to 24,25‐OH2CC this correlation was only found for the 24,25‐OH2CC: 25‐OHCC ratio which was used to eliminate the seasonal fluctuation. For both dihydroxylated metabolites subnormal concentrations were found when the creatinine clearance was 40–50 ml/min and lower. It appears that the decrease of the plasma level of these metabolites of Vitamin D preceeds (or is concomitant with) the changes in the serum values of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the diminution of the intestinal absorption of Ca. These findings indicate that patients with CRF should be treated at an early stage of the disease with 1α‐hydroxy‐derivatives of Vitamin D in order to prevent the development of, or to induce the healing of, bone‐lesions of renal osteodystrophy.