bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of formaldehyde releasers and occurrence of formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers in registered chemical products
Authors: Flyvholm Mari‐Ann , Andersen Poul 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSubstances referred to as formaldehyde releasers were identified on review of the literature. Information on product categories and typical concentrations for chemical products containing formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers was obtained from the Danish Product Register Data Base (PROBAS). As of February 1992, 62,000 products were registered in PROBAS, 30,900 of these with information on composition and product category. Among the components of these products, 19 of the 22 identified formaldehyde releasers were found. The number of products registered with each formaldehyde releaser varied from 4 to 171, with cleaning agents, soaps, shampoos, paint/lacquers, and cutting fluids as the most frequent product categories. The most frequently registered formaldehyde releasers were bromonitropropanediol, bromonitrodioxane, and chloroallylhexaminium chloride. Formaldehyde itself was registered in 1,781 products, and was found in all product categories included in the study. It is concluded that products for industrial use as well as household and personal care products should be considered as sources of formaldehyde exposure. The use of unsystematic chemical names in literature is discussed. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychometric tests for assessment of brain function after solvent exposure
Authors: Rasmussen Kurt , Jeppesen Hans Jeppe , Sabroe Svend 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPsychometric testing is a key issue in neuropsychological toxicology assessment. Evaluation of methods for assessing general intellectual impairment is necessary as conventional neurology has been shown to be insensitive to the neurotoxic effects of solvents and metals. This study presents an analysis of a psychometric test battery from an investigation of psycho‐organic syndrome in a historical cohort of 96 metal degreasers with long‐term exposure to solvents, particularly trichloroethylene.The neuropsychological test battery was a combination of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Luria, and tests developed in Scandinavia. Linear regression analysis showed a significant dose‐response relation between increasing cumulative solvent exposure and impaired psychometric test performance in 9 out of 15 tests. Multivariate analysis, however, suggests that much of the variance was due to confounding variables, especially age, and to a lesser degree, primary intellectual function and word blindness. After control for confounding factors the strongest association with solvent exposure occurred for the following three tests: acoustic‐motor function, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), and the visual gestalt test. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevention of epoxy resin dermatitis: Failure of manufacturers to use available research information
Authors: Holmes Noni , Pearce Peter , Simpson Gary 
Published: April 2007

AbstractResearch information is often recommended as a solution for occupational disease and injury. This study asks whether publicly available research information on prevention of a well‐documented occupational hazard is acted on by an important sector in industry. The hazard, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by epoxy resins in paints, is particularly significant for painters, who may have to leave their jobs as a consequence of the condition. No evidence is found, according to a priori criteria, that paint manufacturers/suppliers acted on known prevention measures for epoxy resin ACD that are within their control to implement. The findings suggest that availability of research information alone fails to solve health and safety problems. Recommendations for avenues of direct and indirect enforcement where voluntary implementation is absent in the painting industry are suggested. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carcinogenic effects of wood dust: Review and discussion
Authors: Nylander Leena A. , Dement John M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOccupational exposure to wood dust (alone or chemically treated) is associated with an increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity. The specific causative agents, i.e., wood dust alone (natural products), wood dust with additives used in the processing or manufacturing of wood products, and/or physical determinants of wood dust and the associated risk factors, are not known or understood.The strongest association of exposure to wood dust and development of nasal cancer is observed in those occupations where workers are exposed to hard wood dust and chemical additives are not used. The time between first occupational exposure to wood dust and the development of adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity averages 40 years (range 7–70 years). The epidemiological data available are not sufficient to make a definitive assessment between wood dust exposure and increased risk for cancer other than nasal cancer.The toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of wood dust to laboratory animals or in vitro with animal or microbial cells have not been throughly studied. Thus there is no direct experimental evidence on the potential hazards of wood dust. Data are insufficient or lacking on 1) wood dust exposure levels in ambient air and worker's breathing zone, and the deposition in the nasal cavity; 2) hard vs. soft wood dusts; 3) particle size and shape; 4) chemical composition of wood dust and the extent of contamination with chemical additives; and 5) interaction between inhaled wood dust, chronic irritation, and tobacco smoking. These data are required so that one can understand the association between wood dust exposure and nasal cavity tumors, along with demographic differences in cancer rates, and to develop strategies for intervention and reduction of disease causing agents in order to reduce risk to wood industry workers. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arsenic poisoning in Central Kentucky: A case report
Authors: Kelafant Geoffrey A. , Kasarskis Edward J. , Horstman Sanford W. , Cohen Chaim , Frank Arthur L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA recent case of chronic arsenic intoxication due to prolonged accidental ingestion of a commercially available crabgrass killer illustrates one of the more common etiologies of present day arsenic poisoning. A review of 20 years of arsenic poisoning at the University of Kentucky (21 cases) revealed no cases attributable to an industrial source. A tabulation of the 21 most recent cases is included. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comments on the health effects institute‐asbestos research (HEI‐AR) report: “Asbestos in public and commercial buildings,” with emphasis on risk assessment methods used
Authors: Sterling Theodor D. , Collett Chris W. , Rosenbaum Wilf L. , Weinkam James J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA Health Effects Institute—Asbestos Research Report calculates the risk of exposure to environmental asbestos fibers (EAF) by downward extrapolation from the mortality of workers exposed for 20 years. This extrapolation is improper because 1) relative risks of asbestos exposure very likely are not linearly progressive; 2) the composition of EAF may not be equivalent to that in mining or fabricating; 3) the same environmental asbestos concentration probably represents different exposure doses for different populations; and 4) health effects of asbestos exposure on children, seniors, patients, the institutionalized, the handicapped, and the chronically ill may not be the same as those of healthy workers. Evidence of asbestos‐related disease among family members of exposed workers demonstrates that the risk observed for EAF is substantially larger than that estimated from downward extrapolation and suggests a basis for an alternative approach to estimating asbestos‐related health risks. Such epidemiologic procedures are well established and ought to form the basis for detecting the health effects of EAF. It is also unclear which industry supports HEI‐AR. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bacteria, fungi, and endotoxin as potential agents of occupational hazard in a potato processing plant
Authors: Dutkiewicz Jacek 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWorkers in a potato processing plant were exposed at the particular workplace to large concentrations of airborne microorganisms and endotoxin. The presence of precipitins to microbial antigens was significantly correlated with the occurrence of the work‐related respiratory and general symptoms that were found in 45.9% of the examined workers. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exposure to bacterial aerosols and work‐related symptoms in sewage workers
Authors: Melbostad Erik , Eduard Wijnand , Skogstad Asbjørn , Sandven Per , Lassen Jørgen , Søstrand Per , Heldal Kari 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPersonal exposure to airborne bacteria and symptoms were studied in 24 sewage workers. An association between levels of total bacteria, rod‐shaped bacteria, and symptoms, such as tiredness and headache, during and after work was found. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sephadex‐induced granulomatous alveolitis in rat: Effects of antigen manipulation
Authors: Bjermer Leif , Sandström Thomas , Särnstrand Bengt , Brattsand Ralph 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA granulomatous alveolitis, with multinuclear cell formation combined with an eosino‐philic peribronchiolitis, was achieved in rats by intratracheal administration of sephadex beads (G‐200, Pharmacia, Sweden). The pattern of inflammation and the degree of postgranulomatous fibrosis were substantially dampened when the particles were dispersed by ultrasonification. The animals were analyzed with bronchoalveolar lavage and tissue morphology. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Viral infection enhances lung response to Micropolyspora faeni
Authors: Cormier Yvon , Assayag E. , Tremblay G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFarmer's lung is an important form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. It is believed to represent a delayed type allergic reaction to microorganisms found in moldy hay dust. The disease is prevalent in farmers from countries where, because of high humidity in the summer, molding of stored hay is unavoidable. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupational perilymph fistula
Authors: Forst Linda S. , Atterbury Margaret 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA case of occupational perilymph fistula in an ironworker is described. The patient was lifting and lowering 200 pounds of steel when he developed sudden onset of vertigo. Surgical exploration of the middle ear demonstrated leakage of perilymph fluid from the round window. Grafting of the window led to improvement of symptoms, but the patient was unable to continue work as an ironworker due to difficulty with balance. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toxic health effects including reversible macrothrombocytosis in workers exposed to asphalt fumes
Authors: Chase Robert M. , Liss Gary M. , Cole Donald C. , Heath Bonnie 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe investigated an outbreak of irritative and neurotoxic symptoms associated with exposure to asphalt fumes in a commercial lighting factory; 27 symptomatic female workers were clinically assessed including hematologic testing. When compared with a laboratory reference group (n = 107), the workers' mean platelet volume (MPV) was significantly higher and mean platelet count was lower (p = 0.013 and p = 0.048, respectively). Five months later, the factory's ventilation system was substantially modified. Follow‐up assessments 6 months postmodification on 15 of the original workers documented a significant decline in acute symptoms and a lowering of the subjects' mean MPV towards normal (p = 0.0007 by paired t‐test). The findings suggest that reversible macrothrombocytosis (enlarged platelets) can occur among symptomatic workers exposed to asphalt fumes. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Back to the future: Sweatshop conditions on the Mexico‐U.S. border. I. Community health impact of maquiladora industrial activity
Authors: Moure‐Eraso Rafael , Wilcox Meg , Punnett Laura , Copeland Leslie , Levenstein Charles 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPresent working conditions in one of the most active areas of the maquiladora system along the Mexico‐U.S. border are reminiscent of nineteenth‐century U.S. sweatshops. This conclusion was reached after evaluating two separate but interrelated surveys among Mexican nationals living near the Mexico‐U.S. border, one of community leaders (Paper I), and one of workers in maquiladora enterprises in the towns of Matamoros and Reynosa, Mexico (Paper II). Paper I evaluates the results of the community leaders' survey. Criteria for selection of the leaders were: level of responsibility in the community; knowledge of the industry in the region, and length of residence in the area (more than 3 years). Representatives from government, maquiladora industry management, labor union leadership, labor union activists, and community improvement activists were interviewed. Structured questionnaires with opportunities for open‐ended answers were used by trained Spanish speaking interviewers. The questions covered community demographics, health care structures, governance of the region, knowledge of working conditions, and knowledge of environmental impact on the region and the community. Community leaders were ambivalent on the purported benefits of the development of these types of industries in their communities. A substantial majority (21 of 25) thought that the maquiladoras brought few positive developments, other than creating jobs. Serious concerns about overextending weak social infrastructures and about environmental deterioration were voiced. Immediate (preventive) measures appear necessary to develop community infrastructures and to protect environmental health. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevated quantitative vibrotactile threshold among workers previously poisoned with methamidophos and other organophosphate pesticides
Authors: McConnell Rob , Keifer Matthew , Rosenstock Linda 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTo evaluate chronic effects of acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning, quantitatively determined vibrotactile thresholds were measured as an index of peripheral neuropathy among agricultural workers in Nicaragua. Thirty‐six male workers were evaluated between 10 and 34 months after hospitalization for acute organophosphate poisoning and compared to an age‐ and sex‐matched community reference group. Vibrotactile thresholds were measured quantitatively in right and left index fingers and right and left great toes. Study subjects were stratified into three groups: 1) never poisoned; 2) poisoned with organophosphates other than methamidophos, agents which have not been reported to cause peripheral neuropathy; and 3) poisoned with methamidophos, a peripheral neurotoxin. For all digits, there was a statistically significant trend of increasing age‐and height‐adjusted thresholds across these three exposure categories. Over one fourth of patients previously poisoned with methamidophos we studied had abnormal vibrotactile thresholds. These results suggest that previously reported cases of organophosphate‐induced delayed polyneuropathy may represent only the worst disease in a spectrum of impairment, a sequela of exposure that may be much more common than previously thought. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toxic encephalopathy due to 1,1,1‐trichloroethane exposure
Authors: Kelafant Geoffrey A. , Berg Richard A. , Schleenbaker Randal 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwenty‐eight workers with long‐term repetitive high exposures to 1,1,1‐trichloroethane were evaluated for complaints of short‐term memory loss, disequilibrium, moodiness, irritability, and decreased ability to concentrate. As a group, they had significant deficits in memory, intermediate memory, rhythm, and speed as measured by the Luria‐Ne‐braska Neuropsychological Battery. Platform posturography demonstrated deficits in vestibular, somatosensory, and ocular components of balance. The encephalopathic picture in these patients is similar to what has been described after exposure to other solvents. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of a spontaneous abortion cluster: Lessons learned
Authors: McDiarmid Melissa A. , Breysse Patrick , Lees Peter S. J. , Curbow Barbara , Kolodner Ken 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn investigation of a reported spontaneous abortion excess in an office environment was undertaken employing a multidisciplinary approach, including (1) an epidemiologic/ validation step; (2) an industrial hygiene survey, including electromagnetic field measurements and indoor air quality determinations; and (3) a risk perception/risk communication component. This approach was needed because there are numerous chemical and physical agents and psychosocial stressors that may potentially impact the reproductive status of female office workers. Although video display terminals (VDTs) are typically the focus of spontaneous abortion (SAB) investigations, one cannot ignore other stressors in the environment. Magnetic field exposures within a payroll area were determined using a hand‐held survey meter and data logging dosimeter. On average, the full shift time‐weighted average exposures of workers to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields in the payroll office area ranged from 1.0 to 5.6 mG.Influencing the investigation's protocol design were the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC's) recent Guidelines for Investigating Clusters of Health Events. Although these guidelines grew primarily out of cancer cluster investigations, we applied them in this instance and found them to be generalizable to reproductive hazards investigations. A spontaneous abortion excess was validated over a 2‐year period among 26 women with 32 reproductive events, with rates 1.5–2.5 times the expected, depending on comparison figures used. Lessons learned in the investigation, including the applicability of the CDC's Cluster Investigation Protocol and the enormous importance of risk perception and risk communication, are described. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung cancer mortality and airways obstruction among metal miners exposed to silica and low levels of radon daughters
Authors: Carta Plinio , Cocco Pierluigi , Picchiri Gianfranco 
Published: April 2007

AbstractStarting from a cross‐sectional survey in 1973, the mortality of two cohorts of Sardinian metal miners was followed through December 31, 1988. In mine A, the quartz concentration in respirable dust ranged between 0.2% and 2.0% and the exposure to radon daughters averaged 0.13 working level (WL), with the highest estimated cumulative exposure around 80–120 WLM. In mine B, the silica content was much higher (6.5–29%), but exposure to radon daughters was significantly lower than in mine A. More than 98% of the overall work force in 1973 (1,741 miners) entered the cohort, providing 25,842.5 person‐years. Smoking, occupational history, chest radiographs, and lung function tests were available for the cohort members at admission. Mortality for all causes was slightly lower than expected. A significant excess for nonmalignant chronic respiratory diseases was noticed in both mines. Twenty‐four subjects died of lung cancer, 17 from mine A (SMR: 128; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 75–205) and 7 from mine B (SMR: 85; 95% CI: 34–175). The SMR for lung cancer was highest among the underground workers from mine A (SMR: 148; 95% CI: 74–265), with a significant upward trend by duration of employment in underground jobs. Mine B underground miners showed lung cancer SMRs close to 100 without a significant trend by duration of employment. Among underground miners with spirometric airways obstruction in 1973, those from mine A showed the highest risk (SMR: 316; 95% CI: 116–687). The relationship did not change after adjusting for age and smoking.Based on the present findings, crystalline silica per se does not appear to affect lung cancer mortality. A slight association between lung cancer mortality and exposure to radon daughters, though within relatively low levels, may be considered for underground miners from mine A.Impaired pulmonary function may be an independent predictor of lung cancer and an important risk factor enhancing the residence time of inhaled carcinogens, i.e., alpha particles or PAHs, by impairing their bronchial and alveolar clearance. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome of carpal tunnel surgery in washington state workers' compensation
Authors: Adams Michael L. , Franklin Gary M. , Barnhart Scott 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAll cases of occupational carpal tunnel syndrome (OCTS) who received surgery for this condition in the Washington State workers' compensation system were identified using claim and physician billing databases. One hundred ninety‐one incident surgical cases were identified between July 1, 1987 and December 31, 1987, and were followed up a mean of 3 years postoperatively for clinical, disability, and return to work outcomes. Medical record and claim file review was required for clinical and employment information. The mean age of all patients was 36.6 years, 48% were female, and 40% received bilateral surgery. The mean time from claim filing to surgery was 187 days. Ninety‐eight percent of cases met the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) case definition for OCTS. Relief of pain was complete or modest in 86% (124/145) and only 14% of cases reported no improvement in symptoms. Mean duration of disability (time loss) postoperatively was nearly 4 months, and 8% of cases exceeded 1 year of time loss. The majority of cases returned to their same job (67%) or to a different job (15%). Workers in high risk occupations were less likely to return to the same job after CTS surgery compared to those in lower risk occupations (61% vs. 75%, p = 0.08).In this population, no association was seen between any outcome and age, gender, marital status, or baseline wage. Duration of disability was not significantly related to preoperative severity of OCTS or to more specific case criteria for this condition. These findings suggest that disability following surgery for OCTS may be related to other medical, psychosocial, administrative, legal, or work‐related factors not evaluated in this study. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A retrospective‐cohort study of occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium
Authors: Pastides Harris , Austin Robert , Lemeshow Stanley , Klar Janelle , Mundt Kenneth A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine the risk of mortality, cancer, and other adverse health outcomes, at the United States' largest chromate chemicals manufacturing facility in Castle Hayne, North Carolina. This facility, built in 1971, was designed to reduce the high levels of chromium exposure found at most older facilities. Exposure assessment was based on analysis of more than 5,000 personal breathing zone samples collected over a 15‐year period. A questionnaire was used to collect relevant occupational, medical, smoking, and other information from current and former employees. Analysis of the cohort's mortality experience found no substantial departures from that expected based on external comparisons, although evidence of a healthy worker effect was observed. Internal cohort analyses were limited by relatively small numbers; however, a subgroup of employees who transferred from older facilities was found to have higher risks of mortality (odds ratio = 1.27 for each 3 years of previous exposure; 90% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.51) and cancer (odds ratio = 1.22 for each 3 years of previous exposure; 90% CI = 1.03–1.45). While this subgroup represented only 11% of the individuals in this study, they accounted for 46% (6/13) of all observed cancers (excluding skin cancers) and 60% (3/5) of lung cancers. There was no increased risk of mortality or cancer among employees who worked only at the newer facility. As an etiologic research study, the results are limited by the relatively small number of subjects and short follow‐up; nevertheless, the findings can be used to design and implement a prospective surveillance system for monitoring the health of chromate production workers. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.