bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of topological hall effect and skyrmions in Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt system
Authors: Mohanty Shaktiranjan , Ojha Brindaban , Sharma Minaxi , Bedanta Subhankar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) between two ferromagnetic (FM) layers separated by a non-magnetic (NM) spacer layer gives rise to different types of coupling with the variation of spacer layer thickness. When the NM is metallic, the IEC is attributed to the well-known Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction which shows an oscillatory decaying nature with increasing thickness. Due to this, it is possible to tune the coupling between the two FM to be either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic. In this work we have studied a Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt system where the Co thickness has been taken in the strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy regime which is much less than the spin reorientation transition thickness. By tuning the Ir thickness to 2.0 nm, a canted state of magnetization reversal in the system is observed which gives rise to a possibility of nucleating topologically non-trivial spin textures like skyrmions. Further, with the combination of transport and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) measurements, we have confirmed the presence of skyrmions in our system. These findings may be useful for potential applications in emerging spintronic and data storage technologies using skyrmions.
Application of fiber loop ringdown spectroscopy technique for a new approach to beta-amyloid monitoring for Alzheimer Disease’s early detection
Authors: Kaya Burak Malik , Oz Semih , Esenturk Okan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A novel fiber optic biosensor was purposed for a new approach to monitor amyloid beta protein fragment 1–42 (Aβ42) for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) early detection. The sensor was fabricated by etching a part of fiber from single mode fiber loop in pure hydrofluoric acid solution and utilized as a Local Optical Refractometer (LOR) to monitor the change Aβ42 concentration in Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid (ACSF). The Fiber Loop Ringdown Spectroscopy (FLRDS) technique is an ultra-sensitive measurement technique with low-cost, high sensitivity, real-time measurement, continuous measurement and portability features that was utilized with a fiber optic sensor for the first time for the detection of a biological signature in an ACSF environment. Here, the measurement is based on the total optical loss detection when specially fabricated sensor heads were immersed into ACSF solutions with and without different concentrations of Aβ42 biomarkers since the bulk refractive index change was performed. Baseline stability and the reference ring down times of the sensor head were measured in the air as 0.87% and 441.6 μs ± 3.9 μs, respectively. Afterward, the total optical loss of the system was measured when the sensor head was immersed in deionized water, ACSF solution, and ACSF solutions with Aβ42 in different concentrations. The lowest Aβ42 concentration of 2 ppm was detected by LOR. Results showed that LOR fabricated by single-mode fibers for FLRDS system design are promising candidates to be utilized as fiber optic biosensors after sensor head modification and have a high potential for early detection applications of not only AD but possibly also several fatal diseases such as diabetes and cancer.
Analysis of truncated structure flexible microstrip patch antenna on jute substrate for biomedical applications
Authors: Gour Sonam , Rathi Amit 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the present years, academic and scientific societies have given more attention to flexible technology. When antenna performance is very poor due to its surrounding environment, flexible antennas have become important. A flexible patch antenna is presented using a Jute fiber with improved performance. It is designed with jute substrate material and a copper conducting layer for ground and patch. A rectangular stripped structure has been used in the antenna for enhancing the parameters and optimisations. The antenna is designed at a resonating frequency of 2.45 GHz. The efficiency of the antenna is measured from return loss, directivity and gain. It can be used for military applications, ground radar position, search and rescue applications. It is capable of biomedical application due to its minimised SAR value. It is used due to its inexpensive cost and abundant availability of jute substrate.
Prognostic Effect of Masked Morning Hypertension in Chinese Inpatients With Non-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Lin Lin , Jiang Xinying , Liu Lingling , Wu Jingcan , Yu Tiantian , Wei Yuting , Li Man , Peng Hui , Wang Cheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
This study aimed to elucidate the prognostic role of Masked Morning Hypertension (MMH) in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD).

METHODS
2,130 NDD-CKD patients of the inpatient department were categorized into four blood pressure (BP) groups: clinical normotension (CH−), clinical hypertension (CH+) with morning hypertension (MH+), and without MH+ (MH−) respectively. The correlation between these four BP types and the primary (all-cause mortality) and secondary endpoints (cardio-cerebrovascular disease [CVD] and end-stage kidney disease [ESKD]) was analyzed.

RESULTS
The prevalence of MH and MMH were 47.4% and 14.98%, respectively. Morning hypertension independently increased the risk of all-cause mortality (P = 0.004) and CVD (P &lt; 0.001) but not ESKD (P = 0.092). Masked morning hypertension was associated with heightened all-cause mortality (HR = 4.22, 95% CI = 1.31–13.59; P = 0.02) and CVD events (HR = 5.14, 95% CI = 1.37–19.23; P = 0.02), with no significant association with ESKD (HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.65–2.15; P = 0.60). When considering non-CVD deaths as a competing risk factor, a high cumulative incidence of CVD events was observed in the MMH group (HR = 5.16, 95% CI = 1.39–19.08).

CONCLUSIONS
MMH is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and combined cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in NDD-CKD patients, underscoring its prognostic significance. This highlights the need for comprehensive management of MH in this population.
Correlation Between Medically Diagnosed Anxiety and Depression Disorder and Self-Reported Breast Implant Illness
Authors: Bresnick Stephen , Lagman Carlito , Morris Susie , Bresnick Shayna , Robbins Matthew 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Anxiety disorders, both with and without comorbid depression, are widespread globally. In this study we investigate the intersection of anxiety, depression, and self-reported breast implant illness (BII) in females undergoing aesthetic breast surgery.

Objectives
The objective of our research was to enhance understanding about mental health history, psychotropic medication use, and its relation to BII symptoms.

Methods
A cohort of 240 consecutive female patients undergoing elective breast surgery was studied. In the study we categorized patients by groups based on the presence of self-reported BII symptoms and the type of breast surgery performed. Mental health history, psychotropic medication use, and time spent in treatment for mental illness were scrutinized. Statistical analyses were conducted, including multiple regression analysis.

Results
Results revealed that patients with self-reported BII symptoms often had a preexisting anxiety/depression disorder treated medically before obtaining breast implants, and this disorder predicted the occurrence of BII symptoms. These patients tended to be diagnosed with anxiety and depression at a younger age, initiate medication therapy earlier, take more medications for their condition, and spend more time in therapy compared with others undergoing elective breast surgery.

Conclusions
Implications of this study highlight the need for comprehensive counseling between plastic surgeons and patients with self-reported BII symptoms. Understanding the role of anxiety/depression in the pathogenesis of self-reported BII is crucial, and collaboration with psychiatrists and other mental health professionals can ensure improved supportive care. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the psychological aspects surrounding breast implant surgery and self-reported BII and emphasize the importance of preoperative mental health assessments in appropriate patient selection for elective breast surgery.

Level of Evidence: 3
scPRAM accurately predicts single-cell gene expression perturbation response based on attention mechanism
Authors: Jiang Qun , Chen Shengquan , Chen Xiaoyang , Jiang Rui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Motivation
With the rapid advancement of single-cell sequencing technology, it becomes gradually possible to delve into the cellular responses to various external perturbations at the gene expression level. However, obtaining perturbed samples in certain scenarios may be considerably challenging, and the substantial costs associated with sequencing also curtail the feasibility of large-scale experimentation. A repertoire of methodologies has been employed for forecasting perturbative responses in single-cell gene expression. However, existing methods primarily focus on the average response of a specific cell type to perturbation, overlooking the single-cell specificity of perturbation responses and a more comprehensive prediction of the entire perturbation response distribution.

Results
Here, we present scPRAM, a method for predicting perturbation responses in single-cell gene expression based on attention mechanisms. Leveraging variational autoencoders and optimal transport, scPRAM aligns cell states before and after perturbation, followed by accurate prediction of gene expression responses to perturbations for unseen cell types through attention mechanisms. Experiments on multiple real perturbation datasets involving drug treatments and bacterial infections demonstrate that scPRAM attains heightened accuracy in perturbation prediction across cell types, species, and individuals, surpassing existing methodologies. Furthermore, scPRAM demonstrates outstanding capability in identifying differentially expressed genes under perturbation, capturing heterogeneity in perturbation responses across species, and maintaining stability in the presence of data noise and sample size variations.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/jiang-q19/scPRAM and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10935038.
Topological benchmarking of algorithms to infer gene regulatory networks from single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Stock Marco , Popp Niclas , Fiorentino Jonathan , Scialdone Antonio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMotivationIn recent years, many algorithms for inferring gene regulatory networks from single-cell transcriptomic data have been published. Several studies have evaluated their accuracy in estimating the presence of an interaction between pairs of genes. However, these benchmarking analyses do not quantify the algorithms’ ability to capture structural properties of networks, which are fundamental, e.g., for studying the robustness of a gene network to external perturbations. Here, we devise a three-step benchmarking pipeline called STREAMLINE that quantifies the ability of algorithms to capture topological properties of networks and identify hubs.ResultsTo this aim, we use data simulated from different types of networks as well as experimental data from three different organisms. We apply our benchmarking pipeline to four inference algorithms and provide guidance on which algorithm should be used depending on the global network property of interest.Availability and implementationSTREAMLINE is available at https://github.com/ScialdoneLab/STREAMLINE. The data generated in this study are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10710444.
Disinhibition in dementia related to reduced morphometric similarity of cognitive control network
Authors: Jenkins Lisanne M , Heywood Ashley , Gupta Sonya , Kouchakidivkolaei Maryam , Sridhar Jaiashre , Rogalski Emily , Weintraub Sandra , Popuri Karteek , Rosen Howard , Wang Lei ,   Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Neuroimaging Initiative, Rosen Howard , Dickerson Bradford C , Domoto-Reilly Kimoko , Knopman David , Boeve Bradley F , Boxer Adam L , Kornak John , Miller Bruce L , Seeley William W , Gorno-Tempini Maria-Luisa , McGinnis Scott , Mandelli Maria Luisa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Disinhibition is one of the most distressing and difficult to treat neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. It involves socially inappropriate behaviours, such as hypersexual comments, inappropriate approaching of strangers and excessive jocularity. Disinhibition occurs in multiple dementia syndromes, including behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, and dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Morphometric similarity networks are a relatively new method for examining brain structure and can be used to calculate measures of network integrity on large scale brain networks and subnetworks such as the salience network and cognitive control network.
In a cross-sectional study, we calculated morphometric similarity networks to determine whether disinhibition in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (n = 75) and dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (n = 111) was associated with reduced integrity of these networks independent of diagnosis.
We found that presence of disinhibition, measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire, was associated with reduced global efficiency of the cognitive control network in both dementia of the Alzheimer’s type and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia.
Future research should replicate this transdiagnostic finding in other dementia diagnoses and imaging modalities, and investigate the potential for intervention at the level of the cognitive control network to target disinhibition.
CSF neurofilament light chain profiling and quantitation in neurological diseases
Authors: Leckey Claire A , Coulton John B , Giovannucci Tatiana A , He Yingxin , Aslanyan Aram , Laban Rhiannon , Heslegrave Amanda , Doykov Ivan , Ammoscato Francesca , Chataway Jeremy , De Angelis Floriana , Gnanapavan Sharmilee , Byrne Lauren M , Schott Jonathan M , Wild Edward J , Barthelémy Nicolas R , Zetterberg Henrik , Wray Selina , Bateman Randall J , Mills Kevin , Paterson Ross W 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Neurofilament light chain is an established marker of neuroaxonal injury that is elevated in CSF and blood across various neurological diseases. It is increasingly used in clinical practice to aid diagnosis and monitor progression and as an outcome measure to assess safety and efficacy of disease-modifying therapies across the clinical translational neuroscience field. Quantitative methods for neurofilament light chain in human biofluids have relied on immunoassays, which have limited capacity to describe the structure of the protein in CSF and how this might vary in different neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we characterized and quantified neurofilament light chain species in CSF across neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases and healthy controls using targeted mass spectrometry. We show that the quantitative immunoprecipitation–tandem mass spectrometry method developed in this study strongly correlates to single-molecule array measurements in CSF across the broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases and was replicable across mass spectrometry methods and centres. In summary, we have created an accurate and cost-effective assay for measuring a key biomarker in translational neuroscience research and clinical practice, which can be easily multiplexed and translated into clinical laboratories for the screening and monitoring of neurodegenerative disease or acute brain injury.
Waning Interest in Infectious Diseases Among Trainees: Is Medicine Pulling the Goalie?
Authors: Sakoulas George 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Relatively low salaries in infectious diseases (ID) compared to other medical specialties, in a world where cost of living is skyrocketing, are an easy explanation for unmet needs of ID training programs to fill their positions. However, the interest in ID falling short of expectations may reflect that some features of the ID specialty are counter to select pervasive tendencies of modern culture, including (1) slow uptake of innovation into daily routines of ID practitioners, (2) the emphasis of clinical mastery of ID practitioners in an environment of medical corporatization and increased focus on revenue generation, and (3) the fact that ID practice takes societal interests into consideration (eg, prevention of antibiotic resistance) in a world dominated by rights of individuals, frequently at the expense of the common good. This article reflects on these possibilities to determine what steps can be taken to resurrect interest in our specialty.
The Challenges of Designing Sexual Assault Law
Authors: Hörnle Tatjana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The paper compares and evaluates newer laws on sexual assault in Germany (2016), Sweden (2018) and Spain (2022). It focuses on the main challenge for law reform in this field: the complexity of consent-based rules. Before drafting new offence descriptions, the variety of models of consent should be analysed and their advantages and disadvantages considered. Lawmakers should also pay attention to situations that either make consent impossible or endanger the validity of factual consent.
Museum genomics approach to study the taxonomy and evolution of Woolly-necked storks using historic specimens
Authors: Ghimire Prashant , Palacios Catalina , Trimble Jeremiah , Lamichhaney Sangeet 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The accessibility of genomic tools in evolutionary biology has allowed for a thorough exploration of various evolutionary processes associated with adaptation and speciation. However, genomic studies in natural systems present numerous challenges, reflecting the inherent complexities of studying organisms in their native habitats. The utilization of museum specimens for genomics research has received increased attention in recent times, facilitated by advancements in ancient DNA techniques. In this study, we have utilized a museum genomics approach to analyze historic specimens of Woolly-necked storks (Ciconia spp.) and examine their genetic composition and taxonomic status and explore the evolutionary and adaptive trajectories of populations over the years. The Woolly-necked storks are distributed in Asia and Africa with a taxonomic classification that has been a matter of ambiguity. Asian and African Woollynecks were recently recognized as different species based on their morphological differences; however, their genomic validation was lacking. In this study, we have used ∼70-year-old museum samples for whole-genome population-scale sequencing. Our study has revealed that Asian and African Woollynecks are genetically distinct, consistent with the current taxonomic classification based on morphological features. However, we also found a high genetic divergence between the Asian subspecies Ciconia episcopus neglecta and Ciconia episcopus episcopus, suggesting this classification requires a detailed examination to explore processes of ongoing speciation. Because taxonomic classification directly impacts conservation efforts, and there is evidence of declining populations of Asian Woollynecks in Southeast Asia, our results highlight that population-scale studies are urgent to determine the genetic, ecological, and phylogenetic diversity of these birds.
Harnessing the power of new genetic tools to illuminate Giardia biology and pathogenesis
Authors: Hagen Kari D , Hart Christopher J S , McInally Shane G , Dawson Scott C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Giardia is a prevalent single-celled microaerophilic intestinal parasite causing diarrheal disease and significantly impacting global health. Double diploid (essentially tetraploid) Giardia trophozoites have presented a formidable challenge to the development of molecular genetic tools to interrogate gene function. High sequence divergence and the high percentage of hypothetical proteins lacking homology to proteins in other eukaryotes have limited our understanding of Giardia protein function, slowing drug target validation and development. For more than 25 years, Giardia A and B assemblages have been readily amenable to transfection with plasmids or linear DNA templates. Here, we highlight the utility and power of genetic approaches developed to assess protein function in Giardia, with particular emphasis on the more recent clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/Cas9-based methods for knockdowns and knockouts. Robust and reliable molecular genetic approaches are fundamental toward the interrogation of Giardia protein function and evaluation of druggable targets. New genetic approaches tailored for the double diploid Giardia are imperative for understanding Giardia's unique biology and pathogenesis.
Identification of factors limiting the allotopic production of the Cox2 subunit of yeast cytochrome c oxidase
Authors: Nieto-Panqueva Felipe , Vázquez-Acevedo Miriam , Hamel Patrice P , González-Halphen Diego 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Mitochondrial genes can be artificially relocalized in the nuclear genome in a process known as allotopic expression, such is the case of the mitochondrial cox2 gene, encoding subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO). In yeast, cox2 can be allotopically expressed and is able to restore respiratory growth of a cox2-null mutant if the Cox2 subunit carries the W56R substitution within the first transmembrane stretch. However, the COX2W56R strain exhibits reduced growth rates and lower steady-state CcO levels when compared to wild-type yeast. Here, we investigated the impact of overexpressing selected candidate genes predicted to enhance internalization of the allotopic Cox2W56R precursor into mitochondria. The overproduction of Cox20, Oxa1, and Pse1 facilitated Cox2W56R precursor internalization, improving the respiratory growth of the COX2W56R strain. Overproducing TIM22 components had a limited effect on Cox2W56R import, while overproducing TIM23-related components showed a negative effect. We further explored the role of the Mgr2 subunit within the TIM23 translocator in the import process by deleting and overexpressing the MGR2 gene. Our findings indicate that Mgr2 is instrumental in modulating the TIM23 translocon to correctly sort Cox2W56R. We propose a biogenesis pathway followed by the allotopically produced Cox2 subunit based on the participation of the 2 different structural/functional forms of the TIM23 translocon, TIM23MOTOR and TIM23SORT, that must follow a concerted and sequential mode of action to insert Cox2W56R into the inner mitochondrial membrane in the correct Nout–Cout topology.