bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intramolecular hydrogen bond in 3‐imino‐propenylamine isomers: AIM and NBO studies
Authors: Raissi H. , Jalbout Abraham F. , Abbasi B. , Fazli F. , Farzad F. , Nadim E. , de Leon Aned 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe molecular structure and intramolecular hydrogen bond energy of 18 conformers of 3‐imino‐propenyl‐amine were investigated at MP2 and B3LYP levels of theory using the standard 6‐311++G** basis set. The atom in molecules or AIM theory of Bader, which is based on the topological properties of the electron density (ρ), was used additionally and the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was also carried out. Furthermore calculations for all possible conformations of 3‐imino‐propenyl‐amin in water solution were also carried out at B3LYP/6‐311++G** and MP2/6‐311++G** levels of theory. The calculated geometrical parameters and conformational analyses in gas phase and water solution show that the imine–amine conformers of this compound are more stable than the other conformers. B3LYP method predicts the IMA‐1 as global minimum. This stability is mainly due to the formation of a strong NH···N intramolecular hydrogen bond, which is assisted by π‐electrons resonance, and this π‐electrons are established by NH2 functional group. Hydrogen bond energies for all conformers of 3‐imino‐propenyl‐amine were obtained from the related rotamers methods. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Bayesian decision sequential analysis with survival endpoint in phase II clinical trials
Authors: Zhao Lili , Woodworth George 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChen and Chaloner (Statist. Med. 2006; 25:2956–2966. DOI: 10.1002/sim.2429) present a Bayesian stopping rule for a single‐arm clinical trial with a binary endpoint. In some cases, earlier stopping may be possible by basing the stopping rule on the time to a binary event. We investigate the feasibility of computing exact, Bayesian, decision‐theoretic time‐to‐event stopping rules for a single‐arm group sequential non‐inferiority trial relative to an objective performance criterion. For a conjugate prior distribution, exponential failure time distribution, and linear and threshold loss structures, we obtain the optimal Bayes stopping rule by backward induction. We compute frequentist operating characteristics of including Type I error, statistical power, and expected run length. We also briefly address design issues. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian adjustment for covariate measurement errors: A flexible parametric approach
Authors: Hossain Shahadut , Gustafson Paul 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn most epidemiological investigations, the study units are people, the outcome variable (or the response) is a health‐related event, and the explanatory variables are usually environmental and/or socio‐demographic factors. The fundamental task in such investigations is to quantify the association between the explanatory variables (covariates/exposures) and the outcome variable through a suitable regression model. The accuracy of such quantification depends on how precisely the relevant covariates are measured. In many instances, we cannot measure some of the covariates accurately. Rather, we can measure noisy (mismeasured) versions of them. In statistical terminology, mismeasurement in continuous covariates is known as measurement errors or errors‐in‐variables. Regression analyses based on mismeasured covariates lead to biased inference about the true underlying response–covariate associations. In this paper, we suggest a flexible parametric approach for avoiding this bias when estimating the response–covariate relationship through a logistic regression model. More specifically, we consider the flexible generalized skew‐normal and the flexible generalized skew‐t distributions for modeling the unobserved true exposure. For inference and computational purposes, we use Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. We investigate the performance of the proposed flexible parametric approach in comparison with a common flexible parametric approach through extensive simulation studies. We also compare the proposed method with the competing flexible parametric method on a real‐life data set. Though emphasis is put on the logistic regression model, the proposed method is unified and is applicable to the other generalized linear models, and to other types of non‐linear regression models as well. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive designs with correlated test statistics
Authors: Götte Heiko , Hommel Gerhard , Faldum Andreas 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn clinical trials, the collected observations such as clustered data or repeated measurements are often correlated. As a consequence, test statistics in a multistage design are correlated. Adaptive designs were originally developed for independent test statistics. We present a general framework for two‐stage adaptive designs with correlated test statistics. We show that the significance level for the Bauer–Köhne design is inflated for positively correlated test statistics from a bivariate normal distribution. The decision boundary for the second stage can be modified so that type one error is controlled. This general concept is expandable to other adaptive designs. In order to use these designs, the correlation between test statistics has to be estimated. For a known covariance matrix, we show how correlation can be determined within the framework of linear mixed models. A sample size reassessment rule is proposed and evaluated for an unknown covariance matrix by simulation. As Wald test statistics in linear mixed models have independent increments, we use this property to create valid test procedures. We compare these procedures with the proposed design in our simulations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanoparticles of Mesoporous SO3H‐Functionalized Si‐MCM‐41 with Superior Proton Conductivity
Authors: Marschall Roland , Bannat Inga , Feldhoff Armin , Wang Lianzhou , Lu Gao Qing (Max) , Wark Michael 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNanometer‐sized mesoporous silica particles of around 100‐nm diameter functionalized with a large amount of sulfonic acid groups are prepared using a simple and fast in situ co‐condensation procedure. A highly ordered hexagonal pore structure is established by applying a pre‐hydrolysis step in a high‐dilution synthesis approach, followed by adding the functionalization agent to the reaction mixture. The high‐dilution approach is advantageous for the in situ functionalization since no secondary reagents for an effective particle and framework formation are needed. Structural data are determined via electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and X‐ray diffraction, proton conductivity values of the functionalized samples are measured via impedance spectroscopy. The obtained mesoporous SO3H‐MCM‐41 nanoparticles demonstrate superior proton conductivity than their equally loaded micrometer‐sized counterparts, up to 5 × 10−2 S cm−1. The mesoporosity of the particles turns out to be very important for effective proton transport since non‐porous silica nanoparticles exhibit worse efficient proton transport, and the obtained particle size dependence might open up a new route in rational design of highly proton conductive materials.
Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanorods: Molecular Origin of Cytotoxicity and Surface Effects
Authors: Alkilany Alaaldin M. , Nagaria Pratik K. , Hexel Cole R. , Shaw Timothy J. , Murphy Catherine J. , Wyatt Michael D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGold nanorods of different aspect ratios are prepared using the growth‐directing surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which forms a bilayer on the gold nanorod surface. Toxicological assays of CTAB‐capped nanorod solutions with human colon carcinoma cells (HT‐29) reveal that the apparent cytotoxicity is caused by free CTAB in solution. Overcoating the nanorods with polymers substantially reduces cytotoxicity. The number of nanorods taken up per cell, for the different surface coatings, is quantitated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on washed cells; the number of nanorods per cell varies from 50 to 2300, depending on the surface chemistry. Serum proteins from the biological media, most likely bovine serum albumin, adsorb to gold nanorods, leading to all nanorod samples bearing the same effective charge, regardless of the initial nanorod surface charge. The results suggest that physiochemical surface properties of nanomaterials change substantially after coming into contact with biological media. Such changes should be taken into consideration when examining the biological properties or environmental impact of nanoparticles.
The etiology of liquidity crises and how managers can be better prepared
Authors: Mathis F. John , Kallberg Jarl , Tuzzolino Frank 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFinancial shocks have become an increasingly pervasive feature of the global economic landscape. Among the two most prominent that have faced corporate managers during the past decade are the bursting of the technology bubble in 2000 and the ongoing global financial and economic crisis. These not only have had a chilling impact on the industries most directly involved, but they also occasioned a massive spillover into other industrial sectors, and in financial markets in general. “Contagion” is perhaps the most devastating aspect of such crises. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seeding the clouds for industrial relations climate change in emerging economies
Authors: Reade Carol , McKenna Mark Reade 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAs manufacturing businesses increasingly move labor‐intensive production to emerging economies, it is important for international managers to understand the sociopolitical factors that shape the climate in which management and labor interact. We present a conceptual “weather map” of industrial relations climates and use indices to plot the climates of 33 emerging, 11 transition, and 21 developed economies. As hypothesized, emerging economies, compared with transition and developed economies, are characterized by a relatively adversarial industrial relations climate and a high incidence of industrial action. Implications for international managers and future research directions are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of the consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity scales in Iran: A research note
Authors: Bahaee Mahmood , Pisani Michael J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis research note presents the results of testing the reliability of two constructs from the country‐of‐origin literature—consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity—within the Iranian national consumer environment. Consumer ethnocentrism, developed by Shimp and Sharma (1987), measures the level of consumer ethnocentrism and has been used broadly in several countries. The consumer animosity scale (Klein, Ettenson, & Morris, 1998), a newer construct, has not been widely tested for its reliability in diverse national contexts. The country of Iran, with its ongoing dispute and hostility with the United States, provides an ideal context to test both of these constructs. We utilized the original animosity scale and an adapted version of the ethnocentrism scale. Both scales performed well and provide strong support for the reliability of each construct, allowing other researchers a high degree of confidence in their application. This finding suggests that these research tools may be useful and can be expanded to the greater Middle East region. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A cross‐cultural analysis of print advertising targeted to Hispanic and non‐Hispanic American consumers
Authors: Singh Nitish , Bartikowski Boris 
Published: February 2009

AbstractU.S. Hispanics represent an important consumer segment in the North American market, but research in the area of U.S. Hispanic advertising remains limited. This study provides cross‐cultural analysis of print advertising targeted to Hispanic and non‐Hispanic American consumers in an attempt to explore the differences or similarities in their depictions of cultural values. The authors develop a scheme for content analyzing cultural values based on cultural theory literature. Results show meaningful differences in the core cultural values emphasized to target U.S. Hispanic consumers. The study has implications for marketers and academics who want to differentiate between culturally adapted advertising appeals for U.S. Hispanic and non‐Hispanic American consumers. The coding scheme developed in this study can help marketers identify and depict Hispanic cultural value appeals in their marketing communications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Formal institutions and foreign direct investment
Authors: Seyoum Belay 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis study examines the impact of formal institutions on foreign direct investment. First, the quality (strength or weakness) of formal institutions in host countries is analyzed. Second, the absolute differences in the quality of formal institutions between the host and home countries are examined. The results show that (1) strong formal institutions in host countries positively influence FDI flows and (2) the larger the institutional distance between the home and host country, the lesser the FDI inflows. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Construction of ZnII‐based rac‐Helical Chains Containing Semi‐rigid Dipolar Ligand 1,4‐Bis(benzimidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene
Authors: Wen Quan‐Yan , Chen Jian‐Qiao , Fang Hua‐Cai , Chen Li , Zhou Zheng‐Yuan , Hu Zuo‐Jun , Cai Yue‐Peng 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA ZnII compound based on the semi‐rigid dipolar ligand 1,4‐bis(benzimidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene (L), {[Zn(L)2Cl2]·2DMF}n (1) has been synthesized successfully under solvothermal conditions. X‐ray single crystal diffraction shows that the complex contains P‐helical and M‐helical chains with 21 screw axis but crystallizes as a racemate. Through π···π stacking interactions between two well‐overlapping benzimidazoleyl rings from two adjacent chains, the 3D racemic supramolecular network is assembled. Furthermore, the IR, TGA and luminescent properties are also investigated in this work.
Simple Cutaneous Advancement Flap Anoplasty for Resistant Chronic Anal Fissure: A Prospective Study
Authors: Giordano Pasquale , Gravante Gianpiero , Grondona Pietro , Ruggiero Boris , Porrett Theresa , Lunniss Peter James 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundA proportion of patients with chronic anal fissure have persistent symptoms and pathology despite optimum conservative therapies. Lateral anal sphincterotomy, the standard surgical treatment, is associated with functional compromise in a minority of patients. Sphincter‐sparing anoplasty has been advocated as an alternative procedure for those with “low pressure” sphincters. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of simple cutaneous advancement flap anoplasty (SCAFA) when applied to consecutive patients with chronic anal fissure irrespective of anal tone and the patient’s gender.MethodThis was a prospective outcome study of 51 consecutive patients treated with SCAFA over a 6.5‐year period.ResultsSurgery was well tolerated. There were three (5.9%) early flap dehiscences, all of which were treated with repeat SCAFA, and one of those three patients remained symptomatic at 2 months. All fissures healed in the short term. Three other patients subsequently developed fissures at sites remote from the original pathology. Continence was unaffected by the procedure.ConclusionsSimple cutaneous advancement flap anoplasty should be considered as a first‐line surgical treatment of chronic anal fissure, irrespective of patient gender and anal tone.
Fabrication of Highly Ordered Polymeric Nanodot and Nanowire Arrays Templated by Supramolecular Assembly Block Copolymer Nanoporous Thin Films
Authors: Liu Xikui , Stamm Manfred 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Realizing the vast technological potential of patternable block copolymers requires both the precise controlling of the orientation and long-range ordering, which is still a challenging topic so far. Recently, we have demonstrated that ordered nanoporous thin film can be fabricated from a simple supramolecular assembly approach. Here we will extend this approach and provide a general route to fabricate large areas of highly ordered polymeric nanodot and nanowire arrays. We revealed that under a mixture solvent annealing atmosphere, a near-defect-free nanoporous thin film over large areas can be achieved. Under the direction of interpolymer hydrogen bonding and capillary action of nanopores, this ordered porous nanotemplate can be properly filled with phenolic resin precursor, followed by curation and pyrolysis at middle temperature to remove the nanotemplate, a perfect ordered polymer nanodot arrays replication was obtained. The orientation of the supramolecular assembly thin films can be readily re-aligned parallel to the substrate upon exposure to chloroform vapor, so this facile nanotemplate replica method can be further extend to generate large areas of polymeric nanowire arrays. Thus, we achieved a successful sub-30 nm patterns nanotemplates transfer methodology for fabricating polymeric nanopattern arrays with highly ordered structure and tunable morphologies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Monodispersed Copper Colloids in Polar Solvents
Authors: Yu Wei , Xie Huaqing , Chen Lifei , Li Yang , Zhang Chen 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
A chemical reduction method for preparing monodispersed pure-phase copper colloids in water and ethylene glycol has been reported. Owing to the reduction property of ethylene glycol, the reaction rate in ethylene glycol is higher than that in water. In addition, the amount of reducing agent can be reduced largely. Ascorbic acid plays roles as reducing agent and antioxidant of colloidal copper, due to its ability to scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen molecules. Thermogravimetric results reveal that the as-prepared copper nanoparticles have good stability, and they begin to be oxidized at above 210 °C. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone works both as size controller and polymeric capping agents, because it hinders the nuclei from aggregation through the polar groups, which strongly absorb the copper particles on the surface with coordination bonds.
A Rapid, Micro FAME Preparation Method for Vegetable Oil Fatty Acid Analysis by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Lall Rahul K. , Proctor Andrew , Jain Vishal P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA 30‐min, micro‐base‐catalyzed method for vegetable oil fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) preparation was developed using only 1 mg of oil sample by limiting the solvent volumes used. This method was primarily developed to quickly analyze fatty acid composition of CLA‐rich soy oil but can be further applicable to pure vegetable oils. Existing base‐catalyzed FAME preparation methods are not appropriate to use because they are either rapid but not micro, or micro but not rapid, or are rapid and micro but use acidification in the final step of FAME preparation, which would isomerize oils containing conjugated fatty acids. Serial dilutions of a mixed commercial FAME reference standard were prepared and analyzed by GC with a flame ionization detector (FID) with maximum instrument sensitivity. The novel method was also used to prepare soy oil FAMEs for GC‐FID analysis. There were no statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in fatty acid data from the FAME reference standard dilutions. Similarly, there was no statistical significant difference (P < 0.05) between results obtained for all the soy oil dilutions and the control method. This technique is a rapid method for preparing small pure oil samples as FAMEs for GC‐FID analysis.
Relationship between abnormal sperm morphology induced by dietary zinc deficiency and lipid composition in testes of growing rats
Authors: Merrells Krystal J. , Blewett Heather , Jamieson Jennifer A. , Taylor Carla G. , Suh Miyoung 
Published: February 2009

The present study investigated the effect of dietary Zn deficiency during sexual maturation on sperm integrity and testis phospholipid fatty acid composition. Male weanling Sprague–Dawley rats were randomised into four dietary groups for 3 weeks: Zn control (ZC; 30 mg Zn/kg); Zn marginally deficient (ZMD; 9 mg Zn/kg); Zn deficient (ZD; < 1 mg Zn/kg); pair fed (PF; 30 mg Zn/kg) to the ZD group. Morphology of cauda epididymal sperm and lipid profiles of testis phospholipids were analysed. The rats fed the ZD diet had a lower testis weight (P < 0·02). Seminal vesicles and prostate weight were also lower in the ZD and PF groups. Rats fed the ZD diet, but not the ZMD diet, had 34–35 % more abnormal spermatozoa and 24 % shorter sperm tail length than the ZC and PF rats (P < 0·001). Testis cholesterol concentration was higher in the ZD rats compared with the ZC and PF rats (P < 0·04). Testes were highly enriched withn-6 fatty acids by showingn-6 : n-3 fatty acid ratios of 27:1 in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and 23:1 in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The dominant fatty acid in testes was docosapentaenoic acid (22 : 5n-6), comprising 15 and 24 % of PC and PE, respectively. This fatty acid was significantly lower in the ZD rats, whereas 18 : 2n-6 was higher compared with the rats in the other diet groups. These results demonstrate that severe Zn deficiency adversely affects sperm integrity and modulates testis fatty acid composition by interrupting essential fatty acid metabolism. This suggests that Zn deficiency-associated abnormal testicular function is perhaps preceded by altered membrane fatty acid composition, especially of a major fatty acid, 22 : 5n-6.
INTEGRABLE SYSTEMS IN SYMPLECTIC GEOMETRY
Authors: ASADI E. , SANDERS J. A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractQuaternionic vector mKDV equations are derived from the Cartan structure equation in the symmetric space=Sp(n+1)/Sp(1) ×Sp(n). The derivation of the soliton hierarchy utilizes a moving parallel frame and a Cartan connection 1-form ω related to the Cartan geometry onmodelled on$(\mk{sp}_{n+1}, \mk{sp}_{1}\,{\times}\, \mk{sp}_{n})$. The integrability structure is shown to be geometrically encoded by a Poisson–Nijenhuis structure and a symplectic operator.
WEAKLY NON-ASSOCIATIVE ALGEBRAS AND THE KADOMTSEV–PETVIASHVILI HIERARCHY
Authors: DIMAKIS ARISTOPHANES , MÜLLER-HOISSEN FOLKERT 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOn any ‘weakly non-associative’ algebra there is a universal family of compatible ordinary differential equations (provided that differentiability with respect to parameters can be defined), any solution of which yields a solution of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy with dependent variable in an associative sub-algebra, the middle nucleus.
BAKER–AKHIEZER FUNCTION AS ITERATED RESIDUE AND SELBERG-TYPE INTEGRAL
Authors: FELDER GIOVANNI , VESELOV ALEXANDER P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA simple integral formula as an iterated residue is presented for the Baker–Akhiezer function related toAn-type root system in both the rational and trigonometric cases. We present also a formula for the Baker–Akhiezer function as a Selberg-type integral and generalise it to the deformedAn,1-case. These formulas can be interpreted as new cases of explicit evaluation of Selberg-type integrals.
SECOND-ORDER DEFORMATIONS OF HYDRODYNAMIC-TYPE POISSON BRACKETS
Authors: FERGUSON JAMES T. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the properties of differential-geometric-type Poisson brackets specified by a differential operator of degree 2. It also considers the conditions required for such a Poisson bracket to form a bi-Hamiltonian structure with a hydrodynamic-type Poisson bracket.
NOTE ON THE TWO-COMPONENT ANALOGUE OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL LONG WAVE – SHORT WAVE RESONANCE INTERACTION SYSTEM
Authors: MARUNO KEN-ICHI , OHTA YASUHIRO , OIKAWA MASAYUKI 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAn integrable two-component analogue of the two-dimensional long wave – short wave resonance interaction (2c-2d-LSRI) system is studied. Wronskian solutions of 2c-2d-LSRI system are presented. A reduced case, which describes resonant interaction between an interfacial wave and two surface wave packets in a two-layer fluid, is also discussed.