bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid activity of Humana formula for newborns
Authors: Jarmołowska Beata , Szłapka‐Sienkiewicz Edyta , Kostyra Elżbieta , Kostyra Henryk , Mierzejewska Dagmara , Marcinkiewicz‐Darmochwał Katarzyna 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecent investigations have suggested that novel food should be evaluated not only from the nutritional but also from the physiological point of view. Opioid peptides derived from milk belong to compounds whose physiological importance has not yet been fully recognized. The commercial Humana formula for newborns sold on the Polish market was assayed in the study. Four opioid peptides with agonistic and antagonistic activity were found in a peptide extract from the Humana formula and its pepsin–trypsin hydrolysate: β‐casomorphin‐5, casoxin C and 6 and lactoferroxin A. The opioid activity of the peptide extracts was determined by examining their influence on the motor activity of isolated rabbit intestine. In conclusion, it was suggested that the opioid activity of the formulas could be an additional indicator of their diversity. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Ability of physico‐chemical measure‐ments to discriminate rabbit meat from three different productive processes
Authors: Combes Sylvie , Larzul Catherine , Jehl Nathalie , Cauquil Laurent , Gabinaud Béatrice , Lebas François 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: To fulfil consumers' requirements for food traceability, it is necessary to have effective tools to differentiate food products according to their origin. The aim of the study was to identify a limited number of physico‐chemical measurements that could differentiate rabbit meat from three different rearing systems: standard production system or a high quality norm system or a very low growth breeding system.RESULTS: The stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA) provided 14 physico‐chemical variables, then combined into two discriminant factors. Most of them (n = 8) were related to bone traits, and especially (n = 5) to mechanical femur assessments. Mechanical characteristics of meat were also relevant in this analysis. Decision tree analysis (DTA) selected two variables only (femur stiffness, and ratio of femur weight to chilled carcass weight) to discriminate the three groups. A total of 96% and 90% of rabbits were correctly assigned to their original group according to LDA and DTA, respectively.CONCLUSION: This work demonstrated that simple physico‐chemical traits recorded in carcasses and meat were efficient to discriminate rabbits from three different rearing systems using LDA or DTA procedures. These systems could have further implications for future traceability of breeding origin. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Microwave hepatic ablation: Initial experience of safety and efficacy
Authors: Martin Robert C.G. , Scoggins Charles R. , McMasters Kelly M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundMicrowave (MW) ablation is a new treatment modality for hepatic tumors in the United States. Past concerns had been related to small ablation size and efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, operative time, rate of complete ablation, and local recurrence.MethodsA prospective Phase II study of MW of hepatic tumors from 1/2004 to 10/2004.ResultsMW ablation was utilized to treat 67 hepatic tumors in 20 patients, with 13 men, 7 women, with a median age of 65 years (range 46–83 years). Tumor types, metastatic colorectal cancer (n = 9), hepatocellular (n = 5), metastatic carcinoid (n = 2), and one patient each with metastatic ovarian, breast, and gastric. MW treated a median of two tumors (range 1–13) per patient, median size of 3 cm (range 1.5–4.5 cm). Total median ablation time was 10 min (range 5–40 min). The overall ablation success at the discharge CT of the abdomen was 100%. Nine patients underwent additional procedures, including partial hepatectomy, colectomy, and gastrectomy. There were no perioperative deaths, while perioperative complications occurred in five patients—none of them related to hepatic ablation. After median follow‐up of 19 months there has been one ablation recurrence.ConclusionsMW ablation represents a reliable, efficient, and safe technique to perform hepatic tumor ablation. The ability to perform multiple ablations simultaneously allows for a more efficient surgical procedure. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:481–486. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiresidue analytical method of pesticides in peanut oil using low‐temperature cleanup and dispersive solid phase extraction by GC‐MS
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Hongyan , Pan Canping , Zhou Zhiqiang , Jiang Shuren , Liu Fengmao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA method for the determination of 33 pesticides in peanut oil by GC‐MS was described. Two extraction procedures based on (i) low‐temperature extraction and (ii) liquid–liquid extraction were tested for the optimization of the method. The mixture of anhydrous MgSO4 with primary secondary amine (PSA) or with PSA and C18 was performed as sorbents in dispersive SPE. Low temperature along with PSA and C18 cleanup gave the best results. Pesticides were identified and quantified by GC‐MS in SIM mode. The correlation coefficients, R2, in the linear range tests were better than 0.990. The average recoveries for most pesticides (spiked at 0.02, 0.05, 0.2, and 1 mg/kg) ranged from 70 to 110%, the RSD was below 20% in most instances, and LODs varied from 0.5 to 8 μg/kg.
Determination of flavonoid aglycones in several food samples by mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Herrero‐Martínez José Manuel , Oumada Fadoua Z. , Rosés Martí , Bosch Elisabeth , Ràfols Clara 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe application of mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography to the separation of ten flavonoid aglycones (catechin, epicatechin, naringenin, morin, fisetin, quercetin, kaempferol, galangin, apigenin, and chrysin) belonging to four different classes (flavanols, flavanones, flavonols, and flavones), and expected to be prominent in commonly consumed foods, has been developed. A micellar system composed of 25 mM SDS and 25 mM sodium cholate buffered at pH 7.0 provided a simultaneous separation of all compounds in less than 20 min. The procedure could be easily adapted to the determination of some flavonoids from each of these classes in real complex samples (propolis, Ginkgo biloba, etc.). The LODs of these compounds were in the range of 1.2–4 μg/mL, and the peak area and migration time repeatabilities were below 6.0 and 3.1%, respectively.
Modeling oxygen effects in tissue‐preparation neuronal‐current MRI
Authors: Luo Qingfei , Liu Ho‐Ling , Parris Brent , Lu Huo , Senseman David M. , Gao Jia‐Hong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTissue‐preparation neuronal‐current MRI (ncMRI) was recently developed to directly detect neuronal activity without hemodynamic contamination. However, as a paramagnetic substance, the oxygen molecules present in the tissue may also alter the ncMRI signal through relaxivity and susceptibility effects. To study the effects of oxygen on the ncMRI signal and estimate their impact on tissue‐preparation experiments, oxygen‐induced MRI signal changes were formulated as a function of oxygen concentration (OC) of gas, oxygen consumption rate, and imaging parameters. Under favorable conditions of these parameters, the maximum oxygen‐induced signal magnitude and phase change were estimated to be 0.32% and 3.85°, respectively. Considering that the ncMRI signal changes obtained in previous tissue‐preparation experiments (3–5% in magnitude, 0.8–1.7° in phase) were tens or hundreds of times larger than the corresponding oxygen‐induced signal changes (0.03% in magnitude, 0.03–0.07° in phase), it is concluded that the oxygen had negligible effects in the previous experiments. Magn Reson Med 58:407–412, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applications and limitations of whole‐brain MAGIC VASO functional imaging
Authors: Scouten A. , Constable R. T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis work extends the multiple acquisitions with global inversion cycling vascular space occupancy (MAGIC VASO) method to human whole‐brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3.0 Tesla and demonstrates the need to consider the dynamic contribution of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the relative VASO signal change (ΔVASO/VASO). Simulations were performed to determine the optimal slice number between global inversions, and correction factors were obtained to account for incomplete blood nulling in particular slices. The necessity of an accurate estimate of resting cerebral blood volume (CBVrest) is discussed in the context of ΔCBV/CBV calculations. A three‐compartment model is proposed to include both the resting and changing fractional CSF contribution (xc,rest and Δxc, respectively) to ΔVASO/VASO. A MAGIC VASO sequence that provides whole‐brain coverage is demonstrated using a paradigm comprised of visual, motor, and auditory stimulation. Activated regions are quantitatively compared in the corresponding blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) images. Estimates of the minimum ΔCBV/CBV resulting from motor and visual stimulation were comparable to previous findings at 17 ± 8% (N = 8) and 19 ± 9% (N = 6), respectively. The absence of VASO activation for auditory stimulation and evidence of activation‐induced decreases in CSF volume fraction around the insula and superior temporal gyrus support the possibility of a Δxc contribution to the VASO signal. Without specific knowledge of the CSF components (xc,rest and Δxc), inference of ΔCBV/CBV from ΔVASO/VASO is severely limited. Magn Reson Med 58:306–315, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative assessment of hepatic fibrosis in an animal model with magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Yin Meng , Woollard John , Wang Xiaofang , Torres Vicente E. , Harris Peter C. , Ward Christopher J. , Glaser Kevin J. , Manduca Armando , Ehman Richard L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChronic liver disease is a world‐wide problem that causes progressive hepatic fibrosis as a hallmark of progressive injury. At present, the gold standard for diagnosing hepatic fibrosis is liver biopsy, which is an invasive method with many limitations, including questionable accuracy and risks of complications. MR elastography (MRE), a phase‐contrast MRI technique for quantitatively assessing the mechanical properties of soft tissues, is a potential noninvasive diagnostic method to assess hepatic fibrosis. In this work, MRE was evaluated as a quantitative method to assess the in vivo mechanical properties of the liver tissues in a knockout animal model of liver fibrosis. This work demonstrates that the shear stiffness of liver tissue increases systematically with the extent of hepatic fibrosis, as measured by histology. A linear correlation between liver stiffness and fibrosis extent was well‐defined in this animal model. An additional finding of the study was that fat infiltration, commonly present in chronic liver disease, does not significantly correlate with liver stiffness at each fibrosis stage and thus does not appear to interfere with the ability of MRE to assess fibrosis extent. In conclusion, MRE has the potential not only for assessing liver stiffness, but also for monitoring potential therapies for hepatic fibrosis. Magn Reson Med 58:346–353, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR grid‐tagging using hyperpolarized helium‐3 for regional quantitative assessment of pulmonary biomechanics and ventilation
Authors: Cai J. , Altes T.A. , Miller G.W. , Sheng K. , Read P.W. , Mata J.F. , Zhong X. , Cates G.D. , de Lange E.E. , Mugler J.P. , Brookeman J.R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new technique is demonstrated in six healthy human subjects that combines grid‐tagging and hyperpolarized helium‐3 MRI to assess regional lung biomechanical function and quantitative ventilation. 2D grid‐tagging, achieved by applying sinc‐modulated RF‐pulse trains along the frequency‐ and phase‐encoding directions, was followed by a multislice fast low‐angle shot (FLASH)‐based acquisition at inspiration and expiration. The displacement vectors, first and second principal strains, and quantitative ventilation were computed, and mean values were calculated for the upper, middle, and lower lung regions. Displacements in the lower region were significantly greater than those in either the middle or upper region (P < 0.005), while there were no significant differences between the three regions for the two principal strains and quantitative ventilation (P = 0.11–0.92). Variations in principal strains and ventilation were greater between subjects than between lung zones within individual subjects. This technique has the potential to provide insight into regional biomechanical alterations of lung function in a variety of lung diseases. Magn Reson Med 58:373–380, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging of blood–spinal cord barrier disruption in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Schellenberg Angela E. , Buist Richard , Yong V. Wee , Del Bigio Marc R. , Peeling James 
Published: July 2007

AbstractInflammation, demyelination, and blood‐spinal cord barrier (BSB) breakdown occur in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of MRI for detecting lesions and BSB disruption in vivo during EAE in the mouse lumbar spinal cord, to determine how MR features of BSB disruption change during the course of disease, and to relate such changes to clinical signs and histological features of disease. Following induction of EAE in C57BL/6 mice, contrast‐enhanced (CE) T1‐weighted MR images were acquired to detect BSB disruption in the lumbar spinal cord at the early stage of disease, at peak disease, and at remission, and T2‐weighted images were obtained to monitor spinal cord morphology. Following imaging the spinal cords were assessed in situ for general features of inflammation, BSB leakage, activated macrophages/microglia, and demyelination. No focal lesions were evident on T2‐weighted MR images. BSB disruption was greatest at the onset of signs of disease, and decreased progressively thereafter. Inflammation and demyelination were pronounced at the initial stage of disease and at peak disease, and were decreased at remission. Nonuniform contrast enhancement indicated that breakdown of the BSB occurred predominantly within the white matter (WM) of the spinal cord. Magn Reson Med 58:298–305, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative imaging of cartilage morphology at 3.0 Tesla in the presence of gadopentate dimeglumine (Gd‐DTPA)
Authors: Eckstein Felix , Buck Robert J. , Wyman Bradley T. , Kotyk John J. , Le Graverand Marie‐Pierre Hellio , Remmers Ann E. , Evelhoch Jeffrey L. , Hudelmaier Martin , Charles H. Cecil 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMRI‐based cartilage morphometry was previously validated in the absence of gadopentate dimeglumine (Gd‐DTPA). However, Gd‐DTPA is required for compositional (proteoglycan) imaging using delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC). Therefore, the effect of Gd‐DTPA on cartilage morphometry was studied. A total of 165 female participants (67 with and 98 without osteoarthritis [OA]) were imaged at 3.0 Tesla before and 2 hr after intravenous Gd‐DTPA injection. Flip angles in post‐Gd‐DTPA scans varied between 12° and 35°. Cartilage volume and thickness of post‐ vs. pre‐Gd‐DTPA scans showed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of 0.85 ≥ r ≥ 0.95, mean differences between –2.1% and +1.1%, and standard deviations (SDs) of differences between 4.7% and 9.2%. Mixed‐effect models found no consistent impact of flip angle and OA status on post‐ vs. pre‐Gd‐DTPA differences. Accurate morphological measurements of cartilage can be obtained after Gd‐DTPA injection, allowing compositional and morphological imaging to be combined into one session. Magn Reson Med 58:402–406, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inversion‐recovery‐prepared SSFP for cardiac‐phase‐resolved delayed‐enhancement MRI
Authors: Detsky J.S. , Stainsby J.A. , Vijayaraghavan R. , Graham J.J. , Dick A.J. , Wright G.A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDelayed‐enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DE‐MRI) can be used to visualize myocardial infarction (MI). DE‐MRI is conventionally acquired with an inversion‐recovery gradient‐echo (IR‐GRE) pulse sequence that yields a single bright‐blood image. IR‐GRE imaging requires an accurate estimate of the inversion time (TI) to null the signal from the myocardium, and a separate cine acquisition is required to visualize myocardial wall motion. Simulations were performed to examine the effects of a steady‐state free precession (SSFP) readout after an inversion pulse in the setting of DE‐MRI. Using these simulations, a segmented IR‐SSFP sequence was optimized for infarct visualization. This sequence yields both viability and wall motion images over the cardiac cycle in a single breath‐hold. Viability images at multiple effective TIs are produced, providing a range of image contrasts. In a study of 11 patients, IR‐SSFP yielded infarct sizes and left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEFs) similar to those obtained by IR‐GRE and standard SSFP, respectively. IR‐SSFP images yielded improved visualization of the infarct‐blood border because of the simultaneous nulling of healthy myocardium and blood. T recovery curves were extracted from IR‐SSFP images and showed excellent qualitative agreement with theoretical simulations. Magn Reson Med 58:365–372, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eight‐channel transmit/receive body MRI coil at 3T
Authors: Vernickel P. , Röschmann P. , Findeklee C. , Lüdeke K.‐M. , Leussler Ch. , Overweg J. , Katscher U. , Grässlin I. , Schünemann K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMultichannel transmit magnetic resonance imaging (MR) systems have the potential to compensate for signal‐intensity variations occurring at higher field strengths due to wave propagation effects in tissue. Methods such as RF shimming and local excitation in combination with parallel transmission can be applied to compensate for these effects. Moreover, parallel transmission can be applied to ease the excitation of arbitrarily shaped magnetization patterns. The implementation of these methods adds new requirements in terms of MRI hardware. This article describes the design of a decoupled eight‐element transmit/receive body coil for 3T. The setup of the coil is explained, starting with standard single‐channel resonators. Special focus is placed on the decoupling of the elements to obtain independent RF resonators. After a brief discussion of the underlying theory, the properties and limitations of the coil are outlined. Finally, the functionality and capabilities of the coil are demonstrated using RF measurements as well as MRI sequences. Magn Reson Med 58:381–389, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase contrast using multiecho steady‐state free precession
Authors: Pai Vinay M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractConventional phase‐contrast (PC) MRI is limited in the temporal resolution (typically 50 ms) that can be achieved, due to the need to implement bipolar velocity encoding gradients. PC using steady‐state free precession (SSFP) has recently been developed to acquire PC data at higher rates without sacrificing contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR). This work presents two multiecho SSFP PC implementations that can be used to increase the time efficiency of PCSSFP. Both approaches (extrinsic and intrinsic) enable reference image lines to be acquired within the same TR as the flow‐encoded lines, thus minimizing the scan time and permitting TR‐equivalent temporal resolutions. Both approaches have been implemented and tested successfully on human volunteers at 1.5T and 3T. While the intrinsic approach is useful for encoding higher velocity flows in‐plane, the extrinsic implementation can be used for studying a wider range of encoding velocities for flow in the imaging plane and through the imaging plane. Magn Reson Med 58:419–424, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fat quantification with IDEAL gradient echo imaging: Correction of bias from T1 and noise
Authors: Liu Chia‐Ying , McKenzie Charles A. , Yu Huanzhou , Brittain Jean H. , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractQuantification of hepatic steatosis is a significant unmet need for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MRI is capable of separating water and fat signals in order to quantify fatty infiltration of the liver (hepatic steatosis). Unfortunately, fat signal has confounding T1 effects and the nonzero mean noise in low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) magnitude images can lead to incorrect estimation of the true lipid percentage. In this study, the effects of bias from T1 effects and image noise were investigated. An oil/water phantom with volume fat‐fractions ranging linearly from 0% to 100% was designed and validated using a spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) sequence in combination with a chemical‐shift based fat‐water separation method known as iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation (IDEAL). We demonstrated two approaches to reduce the effects of T1: small flip angle (flip angle) and dual flip angle methods. Both methods were shown to effectively minimize deviation of the measured fat‐fraction from its true value. We also demonstrated two methods to reduce noise bias: magnitude discrimination and phase‐constrained reconstruction. Both methods were shown to reduce this noise bias effectively from 15% to less than 1%. Magn Reson Med 58:354–364, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous separation of intracellular and extracellular lactate NMR signals of human erythrocytes
Authors: Kohler Götz , Rost Florian , Seelig Joachim 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIntracellular/extracellular lactate (Lac) distribution has been determined before in human and animal erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBCs]) with various methods. However, all previous methods determine intra‐ and extracellular Lac separately or indirectly. Now, 13C‐NMR spectroscopy has been used to monitor intra‐ and extracellular Lac simultaneously in intact RBCs. Isolated human RBCs were incubated with [3‐13C]‐Lac, [3‐13C]‐pyruvate (Pyr), and [1‐13C]‐glucose (Gluc). A distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) sequence was used (TR = 3.3 s, N = 128) to monitor the 13C‐NMR resonances in both compartments. The intra‐ and extracellular methyl group resonances of Lac and Pyr were clearly separated by 9.6 Hz and 7.0 Hz, respectively, under normoxic conditions due to the RBC chemical‐shift effect. The results show that the chemical‐shift effect of RBCs is convenient to monitor intra‐ and extracellular Lac simultaneously in intact RBCs under normoxic conditions. Magn Reson Med 58:213–217, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.