bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between weight gain during chemotherapy and outcomes in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Roeland Eric J. , Fintelmann Florian J. , Hilton Fiona , Yang Ruoyong , Whalen Ed , Tarasenko Lisa , Calle Roberto A. , Bonomi Philip D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis post hoc, pooled analysis examined the relationship between different weight gain categories and overall survival (OS) in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy.MethodsData were pooled from the control arms of three phase III clinical studies (NCT00596830, NCT00254891, and NCT00254904), and the maximum weight gain in the first 3 months from treatment initiation was categorised as >0%, >2.5%, and >5.0%. Cox proportional hazard modelling of OS was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for each category, including baseline covariates, time to weight gain, and time to confirmed objective response (RECIST Version 1.0).ResultsOf 1030 patients with advanced NSCLC (IIIB 11.5% and IV 88.5%), 453 (44.0%), 252 (24.5%), and 120 (11.7%) experienced weight gain from baseline of >0%, >2.5%, and >5.0%, respectively. The median time to weight gain was 23 (>0%), 43 (>2.5%), and 45 (>5.0%) days. After adjusting for a time‐dependent confirmed objective response, the risk of death was reduced for patients with any weight gain (>0% vs. ≤0% [HR 0.71; 95% confidence interval—CI 0.61, 0.82], >2.5% vs. ≤2.5% [HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.64, 0.91] and >5.0% vs. ≤5.0% [HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.60, 0.99]). The median OS was 13.5 versus 8.6 months (weight gain >0% vs. ≤0%), 14.4 versus 9.4 months (weight gain >2.5% vs. ≤2.5%), and 13.4 versus 10.2 months (weight gain >5.0% vs. ≤5.0%).ConclusionsWeight gain during treatment was associated with a reduced risk of death, independent of tumour response. The survival benefit was comparable for weight gain >0%, >2.5%, and >5.0%, suggesting that any weight gain may be an early predictor of survival with implications for the design of interventional cancer cachexia studies.
Frailty phenotype as mediator between systemic inflammation and osteoporosis and fracture risks: A prospective study
Authors: Di Dongsheng , Zhou Haolong , Cui Zhangbo , Zhang Jianli , Liu Qian , Yuan Tingting , Zhou Tingting , Luo Xiao , Ling Danyang , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSystemic inflammation and frailty have been implicated in osteoporosis (OP) and fracture risks; however, existing evidence remains limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the associations of systemic inflammation and frailty phenotype with incident OP and fracture and to evaluate the mediating role of frailty phenotype.MethodsThe present study analysed data from the UK Biobank, a comprehensive and representative dataset encompassing over 500 000 individuals from the general population. Baseline peripheral blood cell counts were employed to calculate the systemic inflammation markers, including neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII). Frailty phenotype was assessed using five criteria, defined as frail (≥3 items met), pre‐frail (1–2 items met) and non‐frail (0 items met). OP and fracture events were confirmed through participants' health‐related records. Multivariable linear and Cox regression models were utilized, along with mediation analysis.ResultsIncreased systemic inflammation was associated with increased risks of OP and fracture. The corresponding hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OP risk per standard deviation increase in the log‐transformed NLR, PLR and SII were 1.113 (1.093–1.132), 1.098 (1.079–1.118) and 1.092 (1.073–1.111), and for fracture risk, they were 1.066 (1.051–1.082), 1.059 (1.044–1.075) and 1.073 (1.058–1.089), respectively. Compared with the non‐frail individuals, the pre‐frail and frail ones showed an elevated OP risk by 21.2% (95% CI: 16.5–26.2%) and 111.0% (95% CI: 98.1–124.8%), respectively, and an elevated fracture risk by 6.1% (95% CI: 2.8–9.5%) and 38.2% (95% CI: 30.7–46.2%), respectively. The systemic inflammation level demonstrated a positive association with frailty, with β (95% CI) of 0.034 (0.031–0.037), 0.026 (0.023–0.029) and 0.008 (0.005–0.011) in response to per standard deviation increment in log‐transformed SII, NLR and PLR, respectively. The frailty phenotype mediated the association between systemic inflammation and OP/fracture risk. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.ConclusionsSystemic inflammation and frailty phenotype are independently linked to increased risks of OP and fracture. The frailty phenotype partially mediates the association between systemic inflammation and osteoporotic traits. These results highlight the significance of interventions targeting systemic inflammation and frailty in OP and fracture prevention and management.
One pot synthetic approach to 2‐methyl‐5‐phenyl‐7‐amino‐[1,3,4]‐thiadiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carbonitrile derivatives with antifungal evaluation
Authors: Saikia Rimpi , Bharali Jumi , Borthakur Sukanya , Kalita Pabitra Kumar , Sarma Pradyut , Saikia Prakash Jyoti , Dutta Mintu Maan , Borthakur Susanta Kumar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNovel 2‐methyl‐5‐phenyl‐7‐amino‐[1,3,4]‐thiadiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carbonitrile derivatives 3 were synthesized from 2‐amino‐5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole 1 and benzylidinemalononitrile 2 in ethanol by refluxing the mixture with catalytic amount of NaOH. The structures of all compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, MS, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The newly synthesized compounds were also seen as an affective fungicide against Rhizoctonia solani and Trichoderma sp., two fungal microbes causing diseases in rice plants.
Regulation of soil nutrient cycling in the root zone of Pyracantha fortuneana: The role of core microbiome induced by plant species
Authors: Sun Caili , Lu Xiaoyu , Wang Yiwei , Qiu Mosheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundA host‐plant and its associated microbiota are interdependent, with the enduring root zone microbial communities evolving over an extended period for a specific plant species. However, the long‐term stability and functioning of host‐associated microbiota, and their potential to be influenced by introduced plants, remain poorly understood.AimsOur objective was to ascertain the relative contributions of core and rare microbiota in maintaining community stability and soil nutrient cycling in the presence of introduced plants.MethodsWe executed a pot experiment where four plant species at varying successional stages were planted in soil collected from the root area of Pyracantha fortuneana. Soil samples were collected 2 years post‐planting. The soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbial networks under different introduced plants were analyzed.ResultsThe growth of Betula luminifera significantly enhanced soil enzyme activity, multi‐nutrient cycling level, and microbial community diversity, compared to soils cultivated with Imperata cylindrica and Zanthoxylum simulans. Furthermore, the treatment involving B. luminifera planting exhibited a lower clustering coefficient and higher average path length than other treatments. Core taxa demonstrated higher node degree and betweenness centrality than rare taxa, favoring the stability of the microbial network. Importantly, the core taxa, particularly their co‐occurrence network properties, were the primary drivers for multi‐nutrient cycles of P. fortuneana root zone soils. Among the core taxa, Mortierellomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Thermoleophili, and Rubrobacteria were abundant in the treatment involving B. luminifera and were significantly positively correlated with most soil nutrient extracellular enzymes, thereby contributing to soil multi‐nutrient cycling.ConclusionCore taxa significantly influence the microbial stability in the root zone soil of P. fortuneana. The introduction of B. luminifera can enhance the stability of the microbial community structure within this soil, thereby promoting soil nutrient cycles.
Impacts of land cover changes on dust emissions in northern China (2000–2020)
Authors: Song Hongquan , Min Ruiqi , Song Genxin , Zhai Shiyan , Wang Dong , Wang Yaobin , Bai Tianqi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLand cover is a key factor affecting dust emissions. Substantial changes in land cover have occurred due to human activities and climate change in northern China. However, the extent to which these changes influence dust emissions is still controversial. Here, we explored the specific impact of land use type transformation on dust emissions between 2000 and 2020 by using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) from the perspective of land cover changes. Two scenarios were set up and compared to quantify this impact. One scenario was using the land cover data in 2000, and the other scenario was to use the land cover data in 2020. Both scenarios were driven by the initial meteorological conditions in 2020. Results indicated that the land cover changes between 2000 and 2020 reduced dust emissions in northern China, but the weakened intensity showed obvious spatial differences. Different land use conversion types had significant differences in their impact on dust emissions. Transforming bare areas to water bodies can reduce dust emissions by up to −3.62 g m−2 year−1. This is followed by the change from bare areas to sparse vegetation areas, which can decrease dust emissions by −2.9 g m−2 year−1, and then by the conversion from bare areas to cropland, with a reduction of −2.57 g m−2 year−1. These findings can offer methodologies and data support for the quantitative evaluation of the effects of land cover changes on dust emissions. They can also serve as a reference for environmental management when formulating land use policies.
Flexibly Designable 2D Chiral Metasurfaces with Pixelated Topological Structure Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Chenqian , Cheng Xiguo , Wang Rui , Hu Xin , Wang Chinhua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract2D chiral metasurface have been widely used for planar circular dichroism (CD) devices. However, the design of 2D metasurfaces usually means a time‐consuming search of effective structures, which are typically limited to regular geometries and compromised performances. Here, an efficient method for 2D chiral metasurfaces with pixelated topological structure based on machine learning (ML) is proposed and demonstrated from which simultaneous high CD and extinction ratio (ER) either over broadband or at specific wavelength can be efficiently achieved. The proposed ML method combines both advantages of high efficiency of neural network (NN) and superior goal evolution ability of microbial genetic algorithm (MGA). Unlike traditional empirical‐driven methods, the hybrid framework and pixelated topologically deformable structures can fully exploit the potential of design space and push design capability to its physical limit. An average CD of 94.7% and ER of 15 dB over wavelength from 1.45–1.65 µm and a CD of >90%/ER of >27 dB at freely‐selected wavelength of 1.54 and 1.616 µm are obtained. Experiments with fabricated topological structures validate the theoretical predictions. The proposed pixelated structures with ML provide a universal method for precise tailoring of optical properties of metasurfaces which is otherwise unattainable with conventional regular geometries.
The Effects of Nitrogen‐Containing Monomers on the Thermal Degradation and Combustion Attributes of Polystyrenes Chemically Modified With Phosphonate Groups
Authors: Baby Aloshy , Tretsiakova‐McNally Svetlana , Joseph Paul , Zhang Jianping , Arun Malavika 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the present study, polystyrene (PS) is chemically modified with diethyl(acryloyloxymethyl)phosphonate (DEAMP) and an N‐containing monomer, selected from different classes of compounds, via a ter‐polymerization route; thus, exploring possible P–N synergistic effects on fire retardance of the base polymer. The successful incorporation of P and N monomeric units is confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR), 1H and 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The thermal degradation and combustion attributes of modified polymeric materials are measured using standard techniques, including Thermo‐Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), “bomb” calorimetry, and Pyrolysis Combustion Flow Calorimetry (PCFC). The thermal and combustion studies demonstrate that the thermal stability and combustion characteristics of styrenic polymers are significantly altered by the presence of even nominal amounts of P‐ and N‐containing groups, and in certain cases, synergistic interactions of these groups are also evident. For instance, as revealed by TGA, the extent of char formation, under the oxidative atmosphere, in the prepared ter‐polymers, is enhanced by 16–44%, when compared to the unmodified PS. The heat release rates and heat release capacities of ter‐polymers, measured using the PCFC technique, are reduced by 18–50%, in comparison to the same parameters obtained for the unmodified counterpart.
Fat and fat‐free mass measurement agreement by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry versus bioelectrical impedance analysis: Effects of posture and waist circumference
Authors: Ellison Katie M. , Ehrlicher Sarah E. , El Zein Aseel , Sayer R. Drew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundBioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) operates under the assumption that the conductor has a uniform cylindrical shape. However, this assumption may be violated if measures are taken in the seated position, especially in people with a high waist circumference (WC).AimsThe aims of this research were to determine whether posture (supine, standing, and seated) and WC affect agreement between BIA and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures of fat mass (FM) and fat‐free mass (FFM).Materials & MethodsBaseline data were collected from 28 adults (mean = 61.4 ± 6.9 years, 64.3% female) with obesity (BMI 38.6 ± 5.0 kg/m2). Body composition was measured using BIA in the supine, standing, and seated positions and by DXA while supine. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analyses with two‐way mixed effects and absolute agreement were performed to determine agreement.ResultsPoint estimates were excellent for FM and FFM while supine, excellent for FM and good for FFM while standing, and moderate for FM and good for FFM while seated. BIA measures in the supine position resulted in the narrowest 95% confidence intervals compared with other positions. Better agreement was observed across all positions in participants with a WC below the median (118.3 cm).DiscussionDespite the potential pragmatic value of measuring with BIA in a seated position, the results of this analysis demonstrate the poorest agreement between DXA and BIA methods, especially in individuals with high WC.ConclusionFindings from this study demonstrate that BIA, particularly when measured in a supine position, can serve as a viable alternative to DXA for measuring body composition in people with obesity.
The melt memory effects in polymer crystallization
Authors: Shang Yingrui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a systematic review of the literature on the melt memory effects observed in polymers, an area that has engendered considerable debate for over 50 years. Recent advances in experimental techniques have provided fresh insights into how a polymer's thermal history influences its recrystallization behavior. It has been observed that given other conditions unchanged, the crystallization temperature during recrystallization decreases with an increase in the melt temperature Ts above the melting point Tm until a critical melt temperature is attained. This phenomenon also extends to the half‐time of crystallization and the secondary structures, such as lamellar thickness, of semi‐crystalline polymers. Despite these findings, a comprehensive constitutive model that encapsulates polymer melt memory effects remains elusive. Cutting‐edge instrumentation, including in situ small and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, temperature‐controlled Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and flash differential scanning calorimetry, have posed significant challenges to the traditional nucleation and growth models established in the 1970s. These models are foundational to our understanding of polymer crystallization, which is an integral part of polymer processing and production. In this review, the historical contours of this discourse are traced, with an examination of both the recent experimental breakthroughs and theoretical advancements pertinent to polymer melt memory effects. This paper delves into the prevailing theories of polymer nucleation and crystallization and engages with theoretical discussions and numerical simulations that attempt to elucidate and rationalize these melt memory phenomena.
Genomic responses to climate: Understanding local adaptation in the Andean tree species Nothofagus pumilio and implications for a changing world
Authors: Sekely Jill , Marchelli Paula , Arana Verónica , Dauphin Benjamin , Mattera María Gabriela , Pastorino Mario , Scotti Ivan , Soliani Carolina , Heer Katrin , Opgenoorth Lars 
Published: March 2024

Societal Impact StatementForest trees tend to be strongly genetically adapted to their local environments, but climate change will probably subject trees to novel combinations of precipitation, temperature, and photoperiod. Local adaptation was investigated in the ecologically and economically important Patagonian tree species Nothofagus pumilio by characterizing its genetic diversity in relation to the varied environmental conditions across its range. These insights are useful for conservation and management decisions, for example by identifying suitable populations to establish seed source plantations for restoration and characterizing relationships with environmental drivers of selection to better understand how this species will respond to climate change.SummaryNothofagus pumilio is a foundation tree species that inhabits a 2000‐km‐long range in the southern Andes, a region with two perpendicular environmental gradients: temperature and photoperiod (North–South), and precipitation (West–East). We investigated local adaptation patterns by searching for relationships between environmental clines and signatures of adaptation in candidate genes related to stress response, growth, and phenology. Using a paired site sampling design within a landscape genome analysis, we analyzed 493 adult N. pumilio trees in 20 sampling sites across the species' latitudinal range. We screened 47,336 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci in 1632 contigs (i.e., coding regions along the genome). Population structure and genetic diversity analyses preceded four genome scan analyses using genetic and environmental data. Population structure and genetic diversity are mainly oriented along the latitude axis. Genome scans identified 445 outlier SNPs, which are loci showing signatures of selection. Temperature and photoperiod variables were associated with notably more outliers than precipitation. However, the most frequent biological functions among genes were water deprivation response and cold response, suggesting that stress response is comprised of complex and polygenic traits that are affected by many environmental variables. Our findings suggest that N. pumilio shows signatures of local adaptation to extant climate conditions, including temperature, photoperiod, and precipitation. However, climate change is likely to alter existing relationships among environmental conditions to which this species is currently adapted. These changes may have unpredictable consequences for the species' future survival, adaptation potential, and the people who depend upon these forests.
Strain and Exchange‐Spring Mechanism of (1‐x) Ni0.5Cu0.25Zn0.25Fe2O4 + (x) SrFe11Y1O19 Magnetically Soft–Hard Ferrite Composed Nanoparticles
Authors: Phase Vidyasagar P. , Kammar Sharanabasappa S. , Munnolli Chandrashekhar S. , Madansure Yashwant S. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Batoo Khalid M. , Kadam Ram H. , Shirsath Sagar E. , Shitre Anil R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA mixture of soft–hard (S–H) ferrites with the general chemical formula (1‐x) Ni0.5Cu0.25Zn0.25Fe2O4 (NCZFO) + (x) SrFe11Y1O19 (SFYO) is developed via sol‐gel auto‐combustion and their physical mixing. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and two‐probe technique are used to examine the resultant materials. Rietveld refinement of XRD data confirms the co‐existence of both soft and hard phases in the composites. The HRTEM and FESEM results confirm the nanocrystalline nature of the synthesized particles. Williamson‐Hall method is employed to reveal the strain nature in soft and hard phases. VSM analysis shows considerable changes in the magnetic characteristics for the different composition of NCZFO and SFYO. The exchange‐spring mechanism is discussed in the manuscript.
Implementation and evaluation of a spectral cumulus parametrization for simulating tropical cyclones in JMA‐GSM
Authors: Baba Yuya , Ujiie Masashi , Ota Yukinari , Yonehara Hitoshi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA spectral cumulus parametrization (spectral scheme) developed using a cloud‐resolving model simulation was implemented in Global Spectral Model of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA‐GSM, GSM hereafter). The performance of the spectral scheme in terms of mean state, variability, and tropical cyclone (TC) properties was evaluated using atmosphere‐only model experiments by comparing results of the original convection scheme (based on Arakawa–Schubert scheme, AS scheme) and the spectral scheme. Parameter tunings were first conducted for the spectral scheme, through which the climatological errors of the cloud cover in the Southern Ocean and temperature were greatly improved. The spectral scheme showed comparable climatological errors to the AS scheme in the increased resolutions. The spectral scheme greatly improved tropical variability, that is, response to El Niño/Southern Oscillation and Madden–Julian Oscillation. Analyses on TC statistical data revealed that the spectral scheme improved TC properties in terms of genesis frequency, intensity, and the response of TC to tropical variability. Specifically, significant improvements were seen in the Northern Hemisphere. Further analyses on the TC structure revealed that higher TC intensity was sustained for longer times by the spectral scheme than by the AS scheme. The reason for this is that the spectral scheme better simulates convective heating by considering coexistence of different cloud types with parametrized vertically varying entrainment rates, especially from low to mid‐altitudes. The convective heating leads to a sharper vertical‐radial circulation in the TC structure, causing stronger incoming moisture flux toward the TC centre, and resulting in a stronger TC intensity. Consequently, the spectral scheme can simulate a comparable mean state, better variability, and better TC properties compared with the original scheme by simulating a more detailed convective structure. Therefore, it has a potential to increase the TC forecast skill for operational GSM.