bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heightened Telescopic Copings in Cleft Palate Rehabilitation: A Case Report
Authors: Kurtulmus Huseyin , Saygi Tugrul , Cotert H. Serdar 
Published: July 2007

Objective: To increase retention of overdentures in cleft palate patients by means of heightened telescopic copings with a newly designed attachment. In this study, a “precision attachment” is described to develop the stability and retention of telescopic overdentures. Case: A cleft palate patient was treated with a newly designed overdenture. Intraoral examination revealed poor tooth structure and retention. Therefore, a new semiprecision attachment was designed in order to increase retention and stabilization. Conclusion: The patient's tolerance was increased with the new overdenture.
Distribution of Orofacial Clefts and Frequent Occurrence of an Unusual Cleft Variant in the Rift Valley of Kenya
Authors: Spritz Richard A. , Arnold Thomas D. , Buonocore Samuel , Carter David , Fingerlin Tasha , Odero Wilson W. , Wambani John O. , Tenge Robert K. , Weatherley-White R. Christopher 
Published: July 2007

Objective: To investigate the pattern and distribution of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts among patients in the Rift Valley region of northwestern Kenya. Methods: Subjects were categorized anatomically for occurrence of an atypical cleft lip variant (ACL), typical cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate (CLP), or cleft palate (CP), and family history of orofacial clefts. Tribal ethnicity data were obtained from both cleft and noncleft clinic attendees. Results: There were 194 patients with CL (52.7%), 153 with CLP (41.6%), and 21 with CP (5.7%). CL constitutes a greater fraction of orofacial clefts in the Rift Valley region than reported elsewhere in Africa, principally due to frequent occurrence of ACL (52.5% of all CL). Among noncleft clinic attendees there was a lower fraction of Bantu and larger fraction of Nilotic-Paranilotic tribal ethnicity than in Kenya overall. In contrast, among patients with orofacial clefts there was significant underrepresentation of Bantu and overrepresentation of Nilotic-Paranilotic tribes, particularly Kalenjin. Patients of Kalenjin origin had a much higher rate of positive family history of orofacial clefts than Bantu patients. Conclusions: There is an unusual anatomic distribution of orofacial clefts in the Kenya Rift Valley, with frequent occurrence of an atypical CL variant. Our findings indicate that Bantu tribes have lower risk of orofacial clefts than Nilotic-Paranilotic tribes, possibly due to inherited genetic differences, perhaps accounting for the relatively low prevalence of orofacial clefts through much of Africa.
The application of lime and cement soil stabilization at BAA airports
Authors: Heath D. C. 
Published: July 2007

The Paper covers the introduction and progressive development of soil stabilization of the natural soil conditions at Gatwick, Stansted, Heathrow and Glasgow airports in the period 1980–1990. The main applications relate to the Weald Clay at Gatwick and the Boulder Clay at Stansted; reference is also made to work at Heathrow involving Gravel/Brickearth deposits and at Glasgow where soft clay deposits occur. The dual use of both lime and cement to modify and strengthen the natural subgrades and earthwork formation are described together with summaries of the main control testing results. Reference is also made to a general description of the specification and construction plant methods in use. The prime object of the Paper is to make available full practical details of large scale lime and cement soil stabilization work, bearing in mind the shortage of such information on construction site work undertaken in the UK.
The development of transport strategies for Edinburgh
Authors: May A. D. , Roberts M. , Mason P. 
Published: July 2007

In 1990 a consortium of the Scottish Development Department, Lothian Regional Council and Edinburgh District Council commissioned The MVA Consultancy to conduct a study of potential transport strategies for Edinburgh for the year 2010. The study was completed in under a year. This timescale was achieved by developing a strategic sketch-planning model, which enabled the performance of alternative strategies to be tested against a range of objectives and in the context of different scenarios for future development. A range of novel evaluation measures was developed, including a procedure for combining the issues of cost-benefit analysis and financial feasibility The study considered a wide range of transport policy measures, including road and light rail infrastructure, traffic and environmental management, parking supply, park-and-ride, public transport service levels, fares, parking charges and road user charging. It demonstrated the contribution of each of these to achievement of the transport policy objectives and the added benefits of combining infrastructure, management and pricing measures The Paper presents the objectives and structure of the study. It describes the sketch planning model developed and the ways in which this was used to evaluate strategies against the range of policy objectives. It presents the results of the strategy tests and identifies those strategy elements which contribute most to the resolution of transport problems. It demonstrates that it is possible, as a result, to achieve improvements in today's levels of environmental conditions, safety and accessibility, despite significant growth in the demand for travel
Mancunian Way (A57M) and London Road (A6) junction reconstruction, Manchester
Authors: Robinson D. L. , Barnes G. F. 
Published: July 2007

The Paper outlines the justification for the remodelling of an important intersection between the A6, a radial route into Manchester, and the Mancunian Way (A57/A57M), part of the city's Inner Relief Route. It also deals with basic design considerations and describes some of the more important features of the scheme. The existing junction straddles the River Medlock which flows through the site in culvert and is surrounded by housing, commercial property and the UMIST campus. Its layout takes the form of a large four-sided roundabout incorporating a pedestrian subway system. Traffic signal control operates during peak periods. The objectives of the scheme are those common to the overall policy of improvements to the Inner Relief Route. These are the relief of traffic congestion, the reduction of city centre traffic and the provision of improved facilities for pedestrians and cyclists. The adopted solution is a grade separated junction incorporating an overpass on the Mancunian Way axis. It meets the desired objectives but only with the degree of compromise common to most major urban highway schemes.
The design of a reinforced earth retaining wall at Dan-y-graig, Risca
Authors: Collins T. J. 
Published: July 2007

The Paper describes the selection and design development of a reinforced earth solution to the problem of supporting a new dual carriageway routed over sidelong ground,14.5 m above and parallel to a fast-flowing river. A three-span bridge supported by piled intermediate piers and reinforced earth abutments was incorporated at about the third point of the 540 m long reinforced earth walls. At one section of the scheme, where it was particularly desirable to minimize excavation into the side-long ground, a stepped form of wall cross-section was used. A method of sizing such a cross section is described together with illustrative examples of the design of reinforced earth retaining walls and abutments in submerged conditions.
Design approaches for geotextile separators beneath the granular sub-bases of unpaved roads
Authors: John N. W. M. 
Published: July 2007

The purpose of a geotextile separator beneath a granular sub-baisse to prevent the road aggregate and the underlying subgrade soil from intermixing. In the absence of a geotextile, contamination of the sub-base aggregate by soft subgrade soil could reduce its load bearing capacity and thereby limit the life of the pavement A number of different approaches have been proposed for the design of geotextile separators beneath unpaved roads. The most widely accepted of the methods based on simple hand calculations are those of Giroud and Noiray, and Sellmeijer et al. This Technical Note presents a simplified summary of these two design approaches and suggests some modifications.
M40 Oxford to Birmingham Route location and design
Authors: Heptinstall C. T. K. , Blood J. D. 
Published: July 2007

The Institution of Highway Engineers submitted a scheme for a national motorway system to the Ministry of Transport in 1936 and a national motorway plan was produced by the County Surveyor's Society in 1938, including a motorway from London via Oxford to Birmingham. However, it was the early 1960s before work commenced on the first section of the M40 High Wycombe Bypass and it was 1974 before the last section of motorway between London and Oxford was opened to traffic. This Paper describes the preparatory work and highway design for the continuation of the M40 northwards from Waterstock, near Oxford, to Birmingham.
An international initiative in highway research collaboration
Authors: Cornelius D. F. 
Published: July 2007

This Paper describes the genesis of the Forum of European National Highway Research Laboratories(FEHRL) and TRL's leading role in its formation. FEHRL members are drawn from EC and EFTA countries. The Paper describes FEHRL's mission, to encourage collaboration between national highway research so as to provide relevant knowledge to governments, the road industry and road users. FEHRL's objectives are also given; to meet these objectives FEHRL has developed a Strategic European Road Research Programme (SERRP). This programme was submitted to the European Commission, which is considering how elements of a revised SERRP might be carried forward as part of the EC 4th R & D Framework Programme. SERRP is described in outline. It covers road-making materials, pavement design, roadside equipment, construction and maintenance, management, road/vehicle interaction and road environment. Other FEHRL activities and their outcomes, such as the organization of a seminar on the falling weight deflectometer and a symposium on the mitigation of traffic noise in urban areas are summarized. Mention is made of the research collaboration that has been encouraged by FEHRL and which has led to strong cooperation between various groupings of its members on projects such as BRITE/EURAM. The Paper concludes with thoughts on the possible future for FEHRL.
Design and construction of the Dornoch Firth Bridge: design
Authors: Iversen N. , Faulds J. R. , Rowley F. N. 
Published: July 2007

This Paper explains the history of the project, the design and construct competition, and the design process that the Contractors followed from the initial inquiry stage to the final permanent works design for an incrementally launched continuous prestressed concrete box superstructure, supported on 20 reinforced concrete portals. The introduction describes how the final design was chosen. It includes reference to the influence that the economics, aesthetics and the programme implications of the various options considered had on the final chosen design and how the client's design brief was met. The design aspects are dealt with under three separate headings: substructure, superstructure and bridgeworks finishings. In each of these sections the Authors describe how the design criteria were met, how the method of construction influenced the design, and how the durability and maintenance aspects were incorporated.
Possible application of guided bus technology in Britain - operational design implications
Authors: Tebb R. G. P. 
Published: July 2007

Guided bus is a transport concept which ought more properly to be termed ‘guidable bus’, because its essentlal characteristic is that the vehicles can operate steered on ordinary roads in the normal manner or can be guided wherever infrastructure is provided for this purpose. Guided bus is intended to bring together the best features of road and rail transport to provide a high-performance, highly reliable system offering origin-destination transport for the majority of users, in today's idiom, genuinely a seamless rapid transit system. Compared to ordinary busways, guided busways offer the opportunity for substantial reductions in the amount of space required and provlde an enhanced ride and performance. Buses can be guided electronically or mechanically; although research on the current generatlon of guided buses started with electronic guidance, the greatest success has been achleved with mechanical guidance. In particular, the concept of kerb-guidance where the vehicle is steered by two 180 mm dia. solid rubber wheels in a bus lane provlded wlth 180 mm high kerbs set 2·6 m apart, has achieved greatest provenance with over 12 years of continuous operatlonal use. Because guidance need only be provided where congestion or circuitous road networks would otherwise delay buses the design of any system needs to explore localized opportunities as well as the overall system performance. Introduction can be incremental, as funds allow and needs require. The operational design implications for a guided bus system therefore are that great care needs to be taken in the application of a broad range of design features in a wide variety of potential applications to achieve the most cost-effective and efficient rapid transit system.
Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the Amniotic Fluid in Pregnant Women With a Diagnosis of Threatened Premature Labor
Authors: León Rubén , Silva Nora , Ovalle Alfredo , Chaparro Alejandra , Ahumada Alexis , Gajardo Marta , Martinez Maria , Gamonal Jorge 
Published: July 2007

Background: Epidemiologic and randomized controlled studies have shown that periodontal diseases may be associated with preterm labor and delivery of infants with low birth weights. The purpose of the present study was to determine the presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity by periodontopathic bacteria in pregnant women with a diagnosis of threatened premature labor.Methods: A periodontal examination and collection of amniotic fluid and subgingival plaque samples were performed on women identified as having threatened premature labor (preterm premature rupture of membranes without clinical infection or labor and preterm labor with intact membranes) and a gestational age ranging between 24 and 34 weeks. Samples collected from amniotic fluid and from the four deepest periodontal pockets in each patient were pooled in prereduced transport fluid and cultured. Porphyromonas gingivalis was identified primarily by colony morphology under stereoscopic microscope and rapid biochemical tests. Amniotic fluid or plaque samples were homogenized, DNA was extracted, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 16S rRNA with specific and universal primers was carried out.Results: Twenty‐six women with threatened premature labor were included: eight with preterm premature rupture of membranes and 18 with preterm labor with intact membranes. Eight women presented with gingivitis, 12 with chronic periodontitis, and six without periodontal disease. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity as detected by P. gingivalis PCR was 30.8% (eight of 26 patients). In these eight patients, P. gingivalis was present in both the subgingival samples and the respective amniotic fluid sample.Conclusion: The presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity by P. gingivalis could indicate a role for periodontal pathogenic bacteria in pregnant women with a diagnosis of threatened premature labor.
Early Devonian calymenid larvae (Trilobita) from the Bissounel Formation (Montagne Noire, France)
Authors: Lerosey-Aubril Rudy 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe late Emsian middle Member of the Bissounel Formation (Montagne Noire, France) has yielded a highly diverse silicified trilobite fauna. Among the thousands of disarticulated sclerites discovered, two protaspid specimens were found that display morphological characteristics of planktonic larvae of calymenid trilobites. The presence of calymenid protaspides within a non-calymenid trilobite fauna is noted. The two specimens are very similar to the first planktonic larval stage of the Ordovician Flexicalymene senaria (Conrad, 1841), and are of comparable size. This indicates that, as in F. senaria, a second planktonic larval stage might have occurred in the ontogeny of this undetermined calymenid. Thus, some post-Ordovician calymenids might have retained the ancestral developmental strategy with a two-stage planktonic period. The discovery of these two protaspides constitutes the first evidence of a calymenid trilobite in the Devonian of the Montagne Noire.
Anoxic alkaline oxidation of bisulfide by Fe/Ce oxides: Reaction pathway
Authors: Petre Catalin F. , Larachi Faïçal 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of the anoxic reaction between bisulfide and iron/cerium oxide–hydroxide was studied for alkaline pH [8.0–11.0] at 0.1 MPa and 298 K in a batch slurry reactor as a part and parcel of the surface chemistry in action in the oxidation of the total reduced sulfur pollutants in the pulp and paper atmospheric emissions. Bisulfide was converted into thiosulfate and polysulfides; while the leached divalent iron and thiosulfate dovetailed equimolarly for pH ≥ 9.5 which was attributed to the breaking of sulfur–oxygen surface intermediates initiated by iron‐disulfide FeII(SS) complexes. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of S 2p and Fe 2p of the material revealed iron sulfide, polysulfides/elemental sulfur and thiosulfate signatures along with Fe(III) oxide–hydroxide, Fe(II) sulfide and some Fe(II) connected to sulfoxy species. A detailed reaction pathway of the anoxic oxidation of bisulfide by Fe/Ce oxide–hydroxide based on FeII(SS) complex was proposed for explaining the formation of zerovalent sulfur, thiosulfate, and leached ferrous iron, and whereof a kinetic model was derived to depict the Fe(II) leaching and bisulfide consumption rates. The model rate constants were analyzed in terms of sensitivity to pH, and initial concentrations of bisulfide and surface Fe(III). © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Reactions of [Cp*Ru(H2O)(NBD)]+ with alkynes
Authors: Xiong Wei‐Cheng , Yu Guang‐Ao , Gan Quan , Yin Jun , Meng Xiang‐Gao , Liu Sheng Hua 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFormal [2 + 2 + 2] addition reactions of [Cp*Ru(H2O)(NBD)]BF4 (NBD = norbornadiene) with PhCCR (R = H, COOEt) give [Cp*Ru(η6‐C6H5C9H8R)] BF4 (1a, R = H; 2a, R = COOEt). Treatment of [Cp*Ru(H2O)(NBD)]BF4 with PhCCCCPh does not give [2 + 2 + 2] addition product, but [Cp*Ru(η6‐C6H5CCCCPh)] BF4(3a). Treatment of 1a, 2a, 3a with NaBPh4 affords [Cp*Ru(η6‐C6H5C9H8R)] BPh4 (1b, R = H; 2b, R = COOEt) and [Cp*Ru(η6‐C6H5CCCCPh)] BPh4(3b). The structures of 1b, 2b and 3b were determined by X‐ray crystallography. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and phase behavior of cholesteric liquid crystal polymers containing glutamic acid in main‐chain
Authors: Zhang Bao‐Yan , Zhang Li‐Feng , Tian Mei , Xiao Wen‐Qiang , Guan Yan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFour polymers (P0–P3) containing peptide chain as polymer backbone were synthesized by condensation reaction with bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate and triethylamine. The chemical structures of the monomers M0–M3 were confirmed by FTIR and 1H‐NMR. The structure–property relationships of the monomers and polymers are discussed. Their phase behavior and optical properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and polarizing optical microscopy. Monomers M1–M3 and polymers P1–P3 displayed cholesteric phases. The results demonstrated that the melt temperature and clear point of monomers (M1–M3) and polymers (P1–P3) decreased with the increase of the flexible spacer length in the side‐chain, and the mesophase temperature range of the polymers increased with the increase of the flexible spacer length. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
A project‐based biochemistry laboratory promoting the understanding and uses of fluorescence spectroscopy in the study of biomolecular structures and interactions
Authors: Briese Nicholas , Jakubowski Henry V. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA laboratory project for a first semester biochemistry course is described, which integrates the traditional classroom study of the structure and function of biomolecules with the laboratory study of these molecules using fluorescence spectroscopy. Students are assigned a specific question addressing the stability/function of lipids, proteins, or nucleic acids, and asked to design an experiment to answer the question using fluorescence methodologies. Students study phase equilibria and determine the critical micelle concentration of single chain amphiphiles, the melting point of multilamellar vesicles, and the melting points and thermodynamic constants (Keq, ΔG0, ΔH0 and ΔS0) for denaturation of ds‐DNA and proteins. In addition, they examine binding properties of proteins. These laboratory experiments are designed to support student learning of the major themes of structure and function in the course.
From purines to basic biochemical concepts
Authors: Marini Isabella , Ipata Piero Luigi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMany high school biology courses address mainly the molecular and cellular basis of life. The complexity that underlies the most essential processes is often difficult for the students to understand; possibly, in part, because of the inability to see and explore them. Six simple practical experiments on purine catabolism as a part of a biochemistry course for 16–18 years students that require only simple equipment for thin layer chromatography have been developed, tried, and tested. These include detection and measurement of enzyme activities in biological extracts, detection of reversible and irreversible reactions, creating a pathway from consecutive reactions. They focus on purines because of their multifunctionality in biochemical processes. They allow students to grasp specific concepts and to use them as a framework for approaching metabolic complexity.
Locks and keys
Authors: Orgill MaryKay , Bodner George 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAnalogies can be powerful teaching tools because they can make abstract material intelligible to students by comparing it to material with which the students are already familiar. In this study, we interviewed 43 students to determine the specific ways they use analogies to learn and function in their biochemistry classes. We found that students use analogies in a variety of unique ways to promote understanding, visualization, recall, and motivation in their biochemistry clases. However, their uses of analogies did not always correlate well with their instructors' purposes for using analogies. We also discuss the teaching implications of these findings.
Problem‐solving Test: α1‐antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Szeberényi József 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTerms to be familiar with before you start to solve the test: protein conformation, protein folding, proteases, protein synthesis, protein glycosylation, glycoproteins, N‐linked and O‐linked oligosaccharides, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, secretory pathway, microsomes, pulse/chase labeling, SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoprecipitation, chaperones, protein translocation.
CC‐Doppelbindungen mit extremer Reaktivität, II. 1,3‐Diphenyl‐2‐imidazolidinselenon aus 1,1′,3,3′‐Tetraphenyl‐Δ2,2′‐biimidazolidin und Selen
Authors: Schönberg Alexander , Singer Erich , Stephan Werner 
Published: July 2007

Abstract1,1′,3,3′‐Tetraphenyl‐Δ2,2′‐biimidazolidin (1) reagiert mit metallischem Selen unter Bildung von 1,3‐Diphenyl‐2‐imidazolidinselenon (6). Die Einwirkung von Kupferpulver, Ethyliodid, Thiophenol, Phenylmagnesiumbromid, Phenylisocyanat und Lithiumalanat auf 6 wird beschrieben. Die teils ungewöhnlichen Abläufe dieser Reaktion werden diskutiert.