bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily physical activities of patients with chronic pain or fatigue versus asymptomatic controls. A systematic review
Authors: van Weering Marit , Vollenbroek-Hutten M.M.R. , Kotte E.M. , Hermens H.J. 
Published: November 2007

Objective: To gain an insight into the daily physical activity levels of patients with chronic pain or fatigue compared with asymptomatic controls. Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Picarta, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, reference tracking and a manual search of relevant journals. Review methods: A systematic, computerized database search of the medical databases up to September 2006 was performed. In addition, a hand search of relevant journals was carried out. Appropriate studies reported on the daily physical activities of adult patients with chronic pain or fatigue and included an asymptomatic control group. Two reviewers independently carried out methodological quality assessment and data extraction. A qualitative analysis was performed. Results: Twelve studies were included, involving five different syndromes. Results show large heterogeneity in methods used and syndromes investigated, which limited evidence. Eleven different methods were used to assess daily physical activities resulting in 16 different outcome parameters. There seem to be differences between the different syndromes, but results are not conclusive. Eight studies reported a lower physical activity level in patients compared with controls. There seems to be a difference in results between studies using objective versus those using subjective methods. Conclusions: Results reported in the literature with respect to the activity level of patients with chronic pain or fatigue compared with controls were too heterogeneous to give sufficient evidence and were not conclusive.
A systematic review of upper extremity casting for children and adults with central nervous system motor disorders
Authors: Lannin N.A. , Novak I. , Cusick A. 
Published: November 2007

Objective: To summarize evidence on the use of upper extremity casting designed to achieve reductions in contracture, tone, pain, function, oedema or spasticity in the elbow, wrist or hand of adults and children with neurological conditions. Data sources: A search was conducted of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, OT-Seeker; Google Scholar; reference lists of retrieved trial reports and review articles. Review methods: Two independent reviewers determined whether retrieved study abstracts met inclusion criteria: human subjects; >50% of participants children or adults described as having brain injury, cerebral palsy or stroke. Methodological quality of randomized controlled trials was rated using the PEDro scale (1—10 highest). Results: Thirty-one papers were retrieved and 23 studies appraised: three were randomized controlled trials and four were systematic reviews. Over three-quarters of the studies, excluding systematic reviews, were lower level evidence (n = 4 level V; n = 4 level IV; n = 1 level III). Methodological quality of randomized controlled trials was high (PEDro 8, 8 and 9) and there were modest positive short-term outcomes for two trials, although they did not include no-stretch comparison conditions. Safety issues typically included pain or skin breakdown; two adverse events were not cast related. Conclusion: While theoretical rationales suggest upper limb casting should be effective there is insufficient high-quality evidence regarding impact or long-term effects to either support or abandon this practice. High variability in casting protocols indicates little consistency or consensus in practice. As maximum or low-load stretch are rationales for cast application, the absence of no-stretch conditions in existing trials is a major weakness in current evidence.
Comparison of two Dutch follow-up care models for spinal cord-injured patients and their impact on health problems, re-admissions and quality of care
Authors: Bloemen-Vrencken J.H.A. , de Witte L.P. , Post M.W.M. , Pons C. , van Asbeck F.W.A. , van der Woude L.H.V. , van den Heuvel W.J.A. 
Published: November 2007

Objective: To evaluate whether transmural care for people with spinal cord injury living in the community has more impact on health outcomes than traditional follow-up care within the Netherlands. Design: Quasi-experiment with 12 months of follow-up. Setting: Eight Dutch rehabilitation centres. Subjects: Thirty-one patients who received transmural care in two `experimental' rehabilitation centres were compared with a matched sample of 31 patients having received `usual follow-up care' in six other rehabilitation centres. Intervention: The core component of the transmural care consists of a transmural nurse, who `liaises' between former patients living in the community, primary care professionals and the rehabilitation team. The transmural care model provides activities to support patients and their family/partners and activities to promote continuity of care. Main measures: The prevalence of pressure sores and urinary tract infections; the number and duration of re-admissions to hospital and rehabilitation centre due to pressure sores, bladder and bowel problems; and the experienced quality of follow-up care. Results: The transmural care, as implemented, did not influence the health outcomes. The prevalence of pressure sores, urinary tract infections and the number of re-admissions (due to pressure sores, bladder and bowel problems) was respectively 13, 13 and 4 in the intervention group versus 14, 15 and 6 in the usual follow-up care group. Since the transmural care had been incompletely implemented and there were methodological and practical limitations, we formulated no final conclusions regarding its effectiveness. Conclusion: Implementing the transmural care model strictly according to protocol may improve its effectiveness.
Clinical stem-cell sources contain CD8+CD3+ T-cell receptor–negative cells that facilitate bone marrow repopulation with hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Bridenbaugh Stephanie , Kenins Linda , Bouliong-Pillai Emilie , Kalberer Christian P. , Shklovskaya Elena , Gratwohl Alois , Wodnar-Filipowicz Aleksandra 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Clinical observations in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation implicate the involvement of CD8+ cells in promoting the stem-cell engraftment process. These findings are supported by mouse transplant studies, which attributed the engraftment-facilitating function to subpopulations of murine CD8+ cells, but the analogous cells in humans have not been identified. Here, we report that clinical stem-cell grafts contain a population of CD8α+CD3ϵ+ T-cell receptor– negative cells with an engraftment facilitating function, named candidate facilitating cells (cFCs). Purified cFC augmented human hematopoiesis in NOD/SCID mice receiving suboptimal doses of human CD34+ cells. In vitro, cFCs cocultured with CD34+ cells increased hematopoietic colony formation, suggesting a direct effect on clonogenic precursors. These results provide evidence for the existence of rare human CD8+CD3+TCR− cells with engraftment facilitating properties, the adoptive transfer of which could improve the therapeutic outcome of stem-cell transplantation.
A Novel Designation of Fixed-bed Column Using a High Gradient Magnetic Field
Authors: Eskandarpour Akbar , Onyango Maurice S , Bando Yoshiyuki , Okido Masazumi , Iwai Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A new magnetically assisted wastewater treating system has been suggested for CrVI-contaminated waters using a novel and strong Cr-sorbent, namely, schwertmannite. The system contains a fixed-bed column, put in a high magnetic field, which was alternately packed with schwertmannite fine particles and iron wools as a ferromagnetic porous media. The obtained results confirm its high efficiency.
Reductive Coupling of Aromatic Dialkyl Acetals Using the Combination of Zinc and Chlorotrimethylsilane in the Presence of Potassium Carbonate
Authors: Hatano Bunpei , Nagahashi Keita , Habaue Shigeki 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The treatment of aromatic acetals with zinc and chlorosilane in the presence of potassium carbonate in toluene brought about facile and effective reductive coupling to give the corresponding coupling products.
Carbon Nanomaterial Synthesis from Sucrose Solution without Using Graphite Electrodes
Authors: Aikawa Shinya , Kizu Takio , Nishikawa Eiichi , Kioka Toshihide 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanospheres (CNS) were synthesized from sucrose solution using an arc discharge method without graphite electrodes. In this process, the nanocarbon products were formed from carbon atoms supplied by the sucrose in solution rather than from the graphite of the electrodes. One of the advantages of this method is that the nanomaterials are produced in agglomerated forms, and there are no generated toxic gases during arcing process.
Synthesis of C2-Symmetric Sulfide and Its First Application in Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Aziridines
Authors: Gui Yuan , Shen Sheng , Wang Hai-Yang , Li Zhi-Yi , Huang Zhi-Zhen 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A C2-symmetric sulfide 6 has been synthesized from cheap l-tartaric acid. It was found that sulfide 6 could perform a tandem reaction with benzyl bromide and tosyl imines to give (2S,3S)-aziridines 9a–9g with good to excellent enantioseletivities (up to 96% ee).
Boundary value problems for the inhomogeneous polyanalytic equation II
Authors: Begehr Heinrich , Kumar Ajay 
Published: November 2007

SummaryFurther mixed boundary value problems are studied for the inhomogeneous polyanalytic equation in the unit disc. As in part I, see [4], the boundary conditions are some combinations of Schwarz, Dirichlet and Neumann conditions. The method applied is based on an iteration process leading from lower order equations to higher ones, see [1–3]. The method can be used to solve all kind of such mixed problems also for other kinds of complex model equations.
Stability of disk-like galaxies – Part II: The Kuzmin disk
Authors: Fiřt Roman 
Published: November 2007

SummaryWe prove the existence and nonlinear stability of the Kuzmin disk, a polytropic steady state of the Vlasov–Poisson system widely used in astrophysics, which has infinite support, but finite mass. As in Part I we use the variational approach by REIN and GUO.
Oscillation of certain even-order neutral differential equations with distributed delay and damping term
Authors: Chen Da-Xue , Zhou Shu-Qing , Long Yu-Hua 
Published: November 2007

SummaryIn this paper, we investigate the oscillation of certain even-order neutral differential equations with distributed delay and damping term, and obtain several classes of sufficient conditions for the oscillation of all of its solutions, which generalize some known results. We also give some examples to illustrate the applicability of our results.
Supercritical fluid extraction of thorium from tissue paper matrix employing organophosphorus reagents
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Pal Ankita , Saxena M. K. , Ramakumar K. L. 
Published: November 2007

Summary
Feasibility of supercritical CO2 extraction of thorium from tissue paper matrix was studied and various organophosphorus reagents (TBP, TOPO, TPP, TPPO, TBPO) were evaluated as co-solvent. Effects of pressure (100–300 atm), temperature (313–353 K), flow rate (0.5–3 mL min−1), static time (0–40 min) and extraction time (5–40 min) on thorium extraction efficiency were investigated. Pressure of 200 atm, temperature of 333 K, CO2 flow rate of 2 mL min−1, 20 min static period followed by 20 min of extraction were found to be optimum. Under optimum conditions employing various organophosphorus reagents as co-solvent, extraction efficiency indicated the trends: (i) Among phosphates, if aliphatic group attached to P was replaced by aromatic group, then extraction efficiency decreased e.g. TBP (53%±8%) and TPP (39%±5%). (ii) Among the phosphine oxides, higher the aliphatic chain length attached to P, higher was the extraction efficiency e.g. TOPO (68%±4%) and TBPO (50%±9%). (iii) In case of phosphine oxides, if phenyl group was attached to P i.e. TPPO (59%±15%) then extraction efficiency was intermediate to TOPO and TBPO. (iv) Between phosphates and phosphine oxides, for aliphatic hydrocarbons, the extraction efficiencies were comparable e.g. TBP and TBPO. For aromatic ring, extraction efficiency was higher in phosphine oxides e.g. TPP and TPPO. Both TBPO and TPP have shown higher extraction efficiency in combination with TBP. The solvents dissolving oraganophosphorus reagents were found to influence extraction efficiency. The extraction efficiency was found to decrease slightly with increasing aliphatic chain length of the alcohol. The maximum extraction efficiency was obtained with 0.2 M TOPO in methanol where thorium was extractable with 68%±4 efficiency.
Synergistic extraction of Ce(III), Tb(III) and Lu(III) with a mixture of hexafluoroacetylacetone and triphenylphosphineoxide in benzene
Authors: Rizvi Moazzaz Ali , Ali Akbar , Iqbal Mohammad Saeed 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe synergistic solvent extraction of trivalent lanthanides such as Ce(III), Tb(III) and Lu(III) has been studied with a mixture of hexafluoroacetylacetone (HHFA) acting as an acidic chelating agent and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) as a neutral ligand in benzene from aqueous solution of pH 2.5 having ionic strength 0.01 mol dm−3(K+/H+, Cl−). The composition of the synergistic adduct has been determined by slope analysis method and found to be M(HFA)3·2TPPO [M=Ce(III), Tb(III) Lu(III)]. The effect of various anions and cations on the extraction of these metal ions has also been studied and only oxalate among the anion and Cr(III) among the cations has some deleterious effect. The formation constant and separation factor from various metal ions have also been determined and discussed.
Acute exercise increases adipose tissue interstitial adiponectin concentration in healthy overweight and lean subjects
Authors: Højbjerre Lise , Rosenzweig Mary , Dela Flemming , Bruun Jens M , Stallknecht Bente 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveWe studied how an acute bout of exercise influences expression and concentration of adiponectin and regulators of adiponectin in adipose tissue and plasma.Design and methodsEight overweight and eight lean males were examined by large-pore microdialysis in s.c. abdominal adipose tissue (SCAAT) and had arterialized blood sampled. On one day subjects rested for 3 h, exercised for 1 h at 55% of maximal oxygen uptake and rested again for 2.5 h, and on another day subjects rested for 6.5 h. On the day including exercise SCAAT was biopsied before and after exercise.ResultsExercise increased the SCAAT interstitial adiponectin concentration in both overweight and lean subjects and concentrations did not differ between groups. Plasma adiponectin did not increase during exercise and was similar in overweight and lean subjects. Adiponectin mRNA in SCAAT decreased during exercise and was similar in overweight and lean subjects. Surprisingly, the interstitial adiponectin concentration in SCAAT was only 20% of the plasma concentration. SCAAT interleukin-6 (IL-6) microdialyzate and plasma concentrations and SCAAT IL-6 mRNA increased during exercise in both groups. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plasma concentration did not change during exercise in any of the groups, but SCAAT TNF-α mRNA increased after exercise in both groups. Furthermore, exercise decreased SCAAT leptin mRNA with no change in resistin mRNA.ConclusionsAcute exercise increases adipose tissue interstitial adiponectin concentration in both overweight and lean subjects with no major changes in plasma adiponectin concentration. The interstitial concentration of adiponectin in SCAAT is only 20% of that in plasma.
Glucocorticoids and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Walker Brian R 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChronic excessive activation of glucocorticoid receptors induces obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Subtle abnormalities of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and/or of tissue sensitivity to glucocorticoids are also associated with these cardiovascular risk factors in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, glucocorticoids have direct effects on the heart and blood vessels, mediated by both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors and modified by local metabolism of glucocorticoids by the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes. These effects influence vascular function, atherogenesis and vascular remodelling following intra-vascular injury or ischaemia. This article reviews the systemic and cardiovascular effects of glucocorticoids, and the evidence that glucocorticoids not only promote the incidence and progression of atherogenesis but also modify the recovery from occlusive vascular events and intravascular injury. The conclusion is that manipulation of glucocorticoid action within metabolic and cardiovascular tissues may provide novel therapeutic avenues to combat cardiovascular disease.
Mifepristone (RU 486) in Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Johanssen Sarah , Allolio Bruno 
Published: November 2007

AbstractContextMifepristone (RU 486) blocks the action of cortisol by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor and, therefore, is of potential therapeutic value in Cushing's syndrome. However, research in endogenous hypercortisolism has been hampered by the controversy related to the use of mifepristone for inducing abortion. Currently, new studies are planned to better define the role of RU 486 in Cushing's syndrome. This paper reviews the available evidence concerning the therapeutic effects and adverse events of RU 486 in Cushing's syndrome.Evidence acquisitionOriginal articles and reviews were identified using a PubMed search strategy covering the time period until February 2007.Evidence synthesisTreatment of Cushing's syndrome with mifepristone has been reported in a total of 18 patients, with daily doses ranging from 5 to 30 mg/kg. Case reports indicate that the mifepristone-induced receptor blockade may lead to significant clinical improvement in patients with Cushing's syndrome in whom surgery and inhibitors of adrenal steroidogenesis fail to control hypercortisolism. Due to its rapid onset of action, mifepristone may be particularly useful in acute crises, e.g. in cortisol-induced psychosis. Side effects include adrenal insufficiency and, as a result of its antiprogestin action, endometrial hyperplasia in long-term treatment. Adrenal insufficiency can be assessed only by careful clinical evaluation, as the hormonal parameters are not reliable during receptor blockade, and is rapidly reversed by exogenous dexamethasone. Well-designed larger clinical trials are needed to better assess the value of this interesting drug in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome.
Population Dynamics and Distribution Patterns of Longfin Smelt in the San Francisco Estuary
Authors: Rosenfield Jonathan A. , Baxter Randall D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe San Francisco Estuary supports several endemic species of fish and the southernmost populations of other species. Many of these native species and populations are imperiled or have experienced recent population declines that indicate a general decline in the estuary's capacity to support pelagic fish species. We studied the distribution and abundance of one of the estuary's native species, longfin smeltSpirinchus thaleichthys, using data from three long‐term aquatic sampling programs. Each of the sampling programs we studied revealed a substantial reduction in the abundance of longfin smelt. These trends support the idea that the estuary's capacity to support pelagic fish species has been significantly reduced over the past three decades. Longfin smelt in the estuary displayed consistent patterns in relative abundance and distribution during their life cycle. We also found significant, but weak, spatial autocorrelation among sampling stations. These patterns in distribution reveal differential habitat use and migratory behavior. Managers can use these insights into longfin smelt distribution patterns to improve interpretation of sampling program results.
Anticipated Climate Warming Effects on Bull Trout Habitats and Populations Across the Interior Columbia River Basin
Authors: Rieman Bruce E. , Isaak Daniel , Adams Susan , Horan Dona , Nagel David , Luce Charles , Myers Deborah 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA warming climate could profoundly affect the distribution and abundance of many fishes. Bull trout Salvelinus confluentus may be especially vulnerable to climate change given that spawning and early rearing are constrained by cold water temperatures creating a patchwork of natal headwater habitats across river networks. Because the size and connectivity of patches also appear to influence the persistence of local populations, climate warming could lead to increasing fragmentation of remaining habitats and accelerated decline of this species. We modeled the relationships between (1) the lower elevation limits of small bull trout and mean annual air temperature and (2) latitude and longitude across the species' potential range within the interior Columbia River basin of the USA. We used our results to explore the implications of the climate warming expected in the next 50 or more years. We found a strong association between the lower elevation limits of bull trout distributions and longitude and latitude; this association was consistent with the patterns in mean annual air temperature. We concluded that climate does strongly influence regional and local bull trout distributions, and we estimated bull trout habitat response to a range of predicted climate warming effects. Warming over the range predicted could result in losses of 18‐92% of thermally suitable natal habitat area and 27‐99% of large (>10,000‐ha) habitat patches, which suggests that population impacts may be disproportionate to the simple loss of habitat area. The predicted changes were not uniform across the species' range, and some populations appear to face higher risks than others. These results could provide a foundation for regional prioritization in conservation management, although more detailed models are needed to prioritize actions at local scales.
Does war beget child aggression? Military violence, gender, age and aggressive behavior in two Palestinian samples
Authors: Qouta Samir , Punamäki Raija‐Leena , Miller Thomas , El‐Sarraj Eyad 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe examined, first, the relations between children's exposure to military violence and their aggressive behavior and the role of age and gender in that relation in two Palestinian samples. Second, we tested parenting practices as a moderator of the relation between exposure to military violence and aggressive behavior, and third, whether exposure to military violence of different nature (direct victimization versus witnessing) has specific associations with different forms of aggression (reactive, proactive and aggression‐enjoyment). Study I was conducted in a relatively calm military‐political atmosphere in Palestine‐Gaza, and included 640 children, aged 6–16 years whose parents (N=622) and teachers (N=457) provided reports. Older children (≥12 years) provided self‐reports (N=211). Study II included 225 Palestinian children aged 10–14‐year, who participated during a high‐violence period of the Al Aqsa Intifada characterized by air raids, killing and destruction. Results showed that witnessing severe military violence was associated with children's aggressive and antisocial behavior (parent‐reported) in study I, and with proactive, reactive and aggression‐enjoyment (child‐reported) in the study II. As hypothesized, good and supporting parenting practices could moderate the link between exposure to military violence and aggressive behavior. Aggr. Behav. 34:231–244, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.