bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the gingival sulcus depth and interleukin‐1 isoform concentrations within the adjacent gingival tissue
Authors: Lester S. R. , Bain J. L. , Serio F. G. , Johnson R. B. 
Published: October 2008

Background and Objective:  While there is substantial information concerning the concentrations of interleukin‐1 isoforms within gingival crevicular fluid, there is little information concerning their concentrations within either normal or diseased gingival tissues. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the concentrations of gingival interleukin‐1 isoforms and the adjacent sulcular depth.Material and Methods:  Interdental gingival papillae were excised and grouped based on adjacent pocket depth and the presence of bleeding on probing. Gingiva adjacent to a sulcus of ≤ 3 mm without bleeding on probing were classified as ‘normal’; gingiva adjacent to a 3‐mm sulcus with bleeding on probing were classified as ‘diseased‐slight’; gingiva adjacent to a 4–6‐mm sulcus featuring bleeding on probing were classified as ‘diseased‐moderate’; and gingiva adjacent to a sulcus of > 6 mm featuring bleeding on probing were classified as ‘diseased‐severe’. Tissues were solublized and the concentrations of interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐1α, interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist and interleukin‐6 were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data were compared by factorial analysis of variance, the post‐hoc Tukey test and the Pearson’s correlation test.Results:  Gingival concentrations of interleukin‐6, interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist, interleukin‐1α‐ and interleukin‐1β were significantly greater at diseased‐severe sites than at normal, diseased‐slight, or diseased‐moderate sites (p < 0.05); the gingival concentrations of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist and interleukin‐1α were significantly greater at diseased‐severe than at diseased‐moderate sites (p < 0.05). Interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist concentrations were significantly correlated with both interleukin‐1α and interleukin‐1β concentrations. The ratios of concentrations of the interleukin‐1 isoforms were different at the various stages of inflammation.Conclusion:  Our data indicated a progressive increase in gingival concentrations of interleukin‐1 isoforms with increased adjacent sulcular depth. However, within ‘diseased’ tissues, the proportional concentrations of interleukin‐1α and ‐β to interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist were lowest within diseased‐severe tissues.
Gingival crevicular fluid and plasma levels of neuropeptide Substance‐P in periodontal health, disease and after nonsurgical therapy
Authors: Pradeep A. R. , Raj S. , Aruna G. , Chowdhry S. 
Published: October 2008

Background and Objective:  The level of Substance‐P in gingival crevicular fluid has been found to correlate with clinical measures of periodontal disease. The present study was designed to assess the relationship between clinical parameters and levels of Substance‐P in the gingival crevicular fluid from inflamed gingiva, periodontitis sites and after treatment of periodontitis sites, and to correlate them to the Substance‐P levels of plasma.Material and Methods:  Thirty, age‐ and gender‐matched subjects were divided into three groups (healthy, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis) based on modified gingival index scores and clinical attachment loss. A fourth group consisted of 10 subjects from the periodontitis group, 6–8 wk after initial therapy. Plasma and gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected and quantified for Substance‐P using an enzyme immunoassay.Results:  The mean concentration of Substance‐P, both in gingival crevicular fluid and plasma, was observed to be highest in the periodontitis group (45.13 pg/mL in gingival crevicular fluid and 67.8 pg/mL in plasma) and lowest in the healthy group (6.07 pg/mL in gingival crevicular fluid and below the detection level in plasma). The mean Substance‐P concentration in the gingivitis group (11.42 pg/mL in gingival crevicular fluid and 38.8 pg/mL in plasma) and in the after‐treatment group (7.58 pg/mL in gingival crevicular fluid and 39.7 pg/mL in plasma) lay between the highest and lowest values. In all groups the gingival crevicular fluid levels showed a statistically significant positive correlation with that of plasma and clinical attachment loss.Conclusion:  Substance‐P levels were highest in the gingival crevicular fluid from sites with periodontal destruction; however, periodontal treatment resulted in the reduction of Substance‐P levels. Gingival crevicular fluid and plasma Substance‐P levels showed a positive correlation in all of the groups.
Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae induce unique dendritic cell subsets via Toll‐like receptor 2
Authors: Kanaya S. , Nemoto E. , Ogawa T. , Shimauchi H. 
Published: October 2008

Backgound and Objective:  Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the activation of T cells as well as in shaping immune responses. We have reported previously that Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides (Pg LPS) induced a CD14+CD16+ DC subset with a weak immuno‐stimulatory activity. In contrast, Escherichia coli LPS (Ec LPS) induced fully matured DCs with strong immunostimulatory activities. Since Pg LPS as well as Pg fimbriae have been indicated to work as Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2 ligands, we speculate that the TLR usage of bacterial antigens may be critical for DC maturation.Material and Methods:  We investigated the effect of Pg fimbriae on the phenotype and function of human peripheral blood DCs in comparison with a TLR2 ligand, peptidoglycan, and a TLR4 ligand, Ec LPS.Results:  Flow cytometry revealed that Pg fimbriae and peptidoglycan but not Ec LPS induced CD14 and CD16 expression on peripheral blood DCs (CD14−CD16−). A monoclonal antibody against TLR2 abrogated this induction, but an antibody against TLR4 had no effect. Dendritic cells stimulated with Pg fimbriae had a weaker capability to induce allogenic T cell proliferation and exhibited a weaker production of interleukin‐8 and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) than DCs stimulated with Ec LPS.Conclusion:  These results indicate that different TLR usage affects mature DC phenotype and function and is thus crucial to the regulation of immunity to the pathogen.
Gender differences in systemic inflammation and atheroma formation following Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in heterozygous apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice
Authors: Champagne C. , Yoshinari N. , Oetjen J. A. , Riché E. L. , Beck J. D. , Offenbacher S. 
Published: October 2008

Background and Objective:  Men are at higher risk for periodontal and cardiovascular diseases compared with women, although they have lower serum levels of risk markers, including lipids and acute phase proteins. In this study, we investigated whether infection with a major periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, affected the inflammatory and atherosclerotic response of male and female mice differently.Material and Methods:  Forty‐eight heterozygous apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice (24 males and 24 females), maintained on normal diet, were infected twice by intrasubcutaneous chamber injections of P. gingivalis or vehicle at weeks 11 and 14 of age. Serum samples were collected before the first infection and bi‐weekly thereafter, to quantify levels of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the murine acute phase protein, serum amyloid A (SAA). Mice were killed at week 17 to evaluate aortic atheroma lesion score.Results:  Males had significantly higher baseline HDL cholesterol levels (p < 0.01, factorial ANOVA). Following P. gingivalis infection, HDL cholesterol levels decreased over time in infected males only [p < 0.05, generalized estimating equation (GEE)], whereas SAA levels increased and remained elevated over time in both male and female infected mice (p < 0.01, GEE). Lesion scores were significantly higher in infected mice (3‐fold, p < 0.01, factorial ANOVA), and lesion scores of all mice were positively correlated with SAA levels at the time of killing (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.40, p < 0.01).Conclusion:  In these young mice, P. gingivalis infection induced sex‐specific changes in serum lipids but no gender differences in acute phase proteins and atheroma lesion score.
Oral health care patterns and the history of miscarriage
Authors: Heimonen A , Janket S‐J , Meurman JH , Furuholm J , Ackerson LK , Kaaja R 
Published: October 2008

Objective:  Oral infections can trigger the production of pro‐inflammatory mediators that may be risk factors for miscarriage. We investigated whether oral health care patterns that may promote or alleviate oral inflammation were associated with the history of miscarriage in 328 all‐Caucasian women.Materials and methods:  Of 328 women in this cross‐sectional cohort, 74 had history of miscarriage (HMC). Medical, dental and sociodemographic data were collected through clinical examinations, medical record searches and structured questionnaires.Results:  The multivariate regression analyses indicated that urgency‐based dental treatment demonstrated a significant association [odds ratio (OR) = 2.54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–5.37; P = 0.01] and preventive dental treatment demonstrated a marginally significant inverse association (OR = 0.53; CI: 0.26–1.06; P = 0.07) with HMC. Self‐rated poor oral health had a non‐significant positive association with HMC (OR 1.60; CI: 0.88–2.90).Conclusion:  Our results provide sufficient evidence for hypothesis generation to test whether other precise measures of oral inflammation are associated with adverse birth outcomes.
Oxidative stress and myeloperoxidase levels in saliva of patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Çağlayan F , Miloglu Ö , Altun O , Erel Ö , Yılmaz AB 
Published: October 2008

Objective:  Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common oral ulcerative condition affecting 5–25% of the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress parameters in saliva of patients with RAS and to investigate the relationship among these parameters in either group.Materials and Methods:  The study involved 50 patients with RAS of whom 24 were male and 26 were female, and 25 healthy controls of whom 13 were male and 12 were female.Results:  There was no statistically significant difference in the salivary total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index levels, and myeloperoxidase activity between patients with RAS and those in the control group.Conclusions:  The results show that reactive oxygen species may not play a role in the etiology of RAS.
TNF‐α and IL‐4 levels in generalized aggressive periodontitis subjects
Authors: Bastos MF , Lima JA , Vieira PM , Mestnik MJ , Faveri M , Duarte PM 
Published: October 2008

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to evaluate tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐4 levels in healthy sites and sites exhibiting signs of moderate and advanced generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) in the same subject.Methods:  The following sites were selected for crevicular fluid sampling in the same AgP subject (n = 14): Healthy sites (HS): no marginal bleeding or bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD) ≤ 3 mm; Moderate sites (MS): BOP and PD between 4 and 6 mm; Advanced sites (AS): BOP and PD ≥ 7 mm. One site from periodontally healthy subjects (n = 13) was sampled for use as a control. TNF‐α and IL‐4 levels were measured using ELISA.Results:  The total amount of TNF‐α was lower for control sites, while there were no differences among healthy and diseased sites from GAgP subjects (P < 0.05). The concentration of TNF‐α was higher in HS, in relation to the other sites (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the groups regarding total amounts of IL‐4 (P > 0.05), while IL‐4 concentration was significantly higher in control sites, when compared with sites from GAgP subjects (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  In conclusion, high levels of TNF‐α and low levels of IL‐4 were observed in both healthy and diseased sites within the same generalized AgP individuals.
Dental panoramic radiographic evaluation in bisphosphonate‐associated osteonecrosis of the jaws
Authors: Treister N , Sheehy N , Bae EH , Friedland B , Lerman M , Woo S 
Published: October 2008

Objectives:  To determine the extent to which clinical and radiographic features of bisphosphonate‐associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BONJ) are correlated.Design:  Retrospective case review.Methods:  The records of 39 patients diagnosed with BONJ and examined by panoramic radiography were retrospectively evaluated. The arches were divided into sextants (n = 234) and evaluated for the following signs: sclerosis, surface irregularity, sockets, fragmentation and lysis.Main outcome measures:  The McNemar, Kruskall–Wallis and equivalency tests were performed to analyze the association between clinical and radiographic signs and BONJ severity.Results:  Sixty‐two out of 234 sextants were abnormal by clinical criteria and 61 out of 234 sextants demonstrated at least one radiographic abnormality. There was agreement between clinical and radiographic detection in 41 sextants. The data showed equivalency between BONJ diagnosis and both sclerosis and surface irregularity. The correlation between number of clinical sites and any radiographic finding was significant in the maxilla (P < 0.001) but not in the mandible (P = 0.178). The total number of radiographic signs per patient increased with BONJ stage.Conclusion:  Focal panoramic radiographic findings of sclerosis and surface irregularity correlate with clinical sites of BONJ. This may be a useful and reliable tool to detect early changes of BONJ or to confirm a clinical diagnosis.
Utilization of parenting groups and consultation services as parenting support services by Japanese mothers of 18 month old children
Authors: ARIMOTO Azusa , MURASHIMA Sachiyo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAim:  To clarify the factors related to the utilization of parenting groups and consultation services by mothers with children aged 18 months.Methods:  This was a cross‐sectional study using a self‐report questionnaire survey at health examinations in five health centers of an urban city in Tokyo, Japan, from July to September 2003. The final study population was comprised of the 371 mothers who provided information on both demographics and the utilization of services.Results:  Of these 371 mothers, 166 participated in parenting groups since the birth of their 18 month old child. Logistic regression analyses indicated the following factors related to such participation: past experience in the use of services provided by the local government, trust in the specific group, and worries about their children. Participation in the parenting groups was not related to child‐rearing anxiety or mental health status. The participants indicated that the groups provided friends and child‐rearing information and alleviated stress. Worries about children and past experience in the use of public services would enhance the utilization of services.Conclusion:  It is essential for service‐providers to offer services specific to the situation or desires of mothers. Mothers might need both consultation services and support groups to reinforce the mother–child relationship, for social support, and to freely discuss worries with both professionals and peers.
Assessing the Response of Seasonal Variation of Net Primary Productivity to Climate Using Remote Sensing Data and Geographic Information System Techniques in Xinjiang
Authors: Peng Dai‐Liang , Huang Jing‐Feng , Cai Cheng‐Xia , Deng Rui , Xu Jun‐Feng 
Published: October 2008

Abstract Net primary productivity (NPP) is a key component of energy and matter transformation in the terrestrial ecosystem, and the responses of NPP to global change locally and regionally have been one of the most important aspects in climate‐vegetation relationship studies. In order to isolate causal climatic factors, it is very important to assess the response of seasonal variation of NPP to climate. In this paper, NPP in Xinjiang was estimated by NOAA/AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. The impact of climatic factors (air temperature, precipitation and sunshine percentage) on seasonal variations of NPP was studied by time lag and serial correlation ageing analysis. The results showed that the NPP for different land cover types have a similar correlation with any one of the three climatic factors, and precipitation is the major climatic factor influencing the seasonal variation of NPP in Xinjiang. It was found that the positive correlation at 0 lag appeared between NPP and precipitation and the serial correlation ageing was 0 d in most areas of Xinjiang, which indicated that the response of NPP to precipitation was immediate. However, NPP of different land cover types showed significant positive correlation at 2 month lag with air temperature, and the impact of which could persist 1 month as a whole. No correlation was found between NPP and sunshine percentage.
Crossability Barriers in the Interspecific Hybridization between Oryza sativa and O. meyeriana
Authors: Fu Xue‐Lin , Lu Yong‐Gen , Liu Xiang‐Dong , Li Jin‐Quan 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Oryza meyeriana Baill (GG genome) is a precious germplasm in the tertiary gene pool of cultivated rice (AA genome), and possesses important traits such as resistance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. However, interspecific crossability barrier, a critical bottleneck restricting genes transfer from O. meyeriana to cultivars has led to no hybrids through conventional reproduction. Therefore, the reasons underlying incrossability were investigated in the present report. The results showed that: (i) at 3–7 d after pollination (DAP), many hybrid embryos degenerated at the earlier globular‐shaped stage, and could not develop into the later pear‐shaped stage. Meanwhile, free endosperm nuclei started to degenerate at 1 DAP, and cellular endosperm could not form at 3 DAP, leading to nutrition starvation for young embryo development; (ii) at 11–13 DAP, almost all hybrid ovaries aborted. Even though 72.22% of hybrid young embryos were produced in the interspecific hybridization between O. sativa and O. meyeriana, young embryos were not able to further develop into hybrid plantlets via culturing in vitro. The main reason for the incrossability was hybrid embryo inviability, presenting as embryo development stagnation and degeneration since 3 DAP. Some possible approaches to overcome the crossability barriers in the interspecific hybridization between O. sativa and O. meyeriana are discussed.
Genetic Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Contents of Mineral Nutrients in Rice Grain
Authors: Garcia‐Oliveira Ana Luisa , Tan Lubin , Fu Yongcai , Sun Chuanqing 
Published: October 2008

Abstract In present study, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ca, Mg, P and K contents of 85 introgression lines (ILs) derived from a cross between an elite indica cultivar Teqing and the wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) were measured by inductively coupled argon plasma (ICAP) spectrometry. Substantial variation was observed for all traits and most of the mineral elements were significantly positive correlated or independent except for Fe with Cu. A total of 31 putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for these eight mineral elements by single point analysis. Wild rice (O. rufipogon) contributed favorable alleles for most of the QTLs (26 QTLs), and chromosomes 1, 9 and 12 exhibited 14 QTLs (45%) for these traits. One major effect of QTL for zinc content accounted for the largest proportion of phenotypic variation (11%–19%) was detected near the simple sequence repeats marker RM152 on chromosome 8. The co‐locations of QTLs for some mineral elements observed in this mapping population suggested the relationship was at a molecular level among these traits and could be helpful for simultaneous improvement of these traits in rice grain by marker assisted selection.
Abnormalities Occurring during Female Gametophyte Development Result in the Diversity of Abnormal Embryo Sacs and Leads to Abnormal Fertilization in indica/japonica Hybrids in Rice
Authors: Zeng Yu‐Xiang , Hu Chao‐Yue , Lu Yong‐Gen , Li Jin‐Quan , Liu Xiang‐Dong 
Published: October 2008

Abstract Embryo sac abortion is one of the major reasons for sterility in indica/japonica hybrids in rice. To clarify the causal mechanism of embryo sac abortion, we studied the female gametophyte development in two indica/japonica hybrids via an eosin B staining procedure for embryo sac scanning using confocal laser scanning microscope. Different types of abnormalities occurred during megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis were demonstrated. The earliest abnormality was observed in the megasporocyte. A lot of the chalazal‐most megaspores were degenerated before the mono‐nucleate embryo sac stage. Disordered positioning of nucleus and abnormal nucellus tissue were characteristics of the abnormal female gametes from the mono‐nucleate to four‐nucleate embryo sac stages. The abnormalities that occurred from the early stage of the eight‐nucleate embryo sac development to the mature embryo sac stage were characterized by smaller sizes and wrinkled antipodals. Asynchronous nuclear migration, abnormal positioning of nucleus, and degeneration of egg apparatus were also found at the eight‐nucleate embryo sac stage. The abnormalities that occurred during female gametophyte development resulted in five major types of abnormal embryo sacs. These abnormal embryo sacs led to abnormal fertilization. Hand pollination using normal pollens on the spikelets during anthesis showed that normal pollens could not exclude the effect of abnormal embryo sac on seed setting.
Emergence of a quasar outflow
Authors: Hamann F. , Kaplan K. F. , Hidalgo P. Rodríguez , Prochaska J. X. , Herbert-Fort S. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
We report the first discovery of the emergence of a high-velocity broad-line outflow in a luminous quasar, J105400.40+034801.2, at redshift z∼ 2.1. The outflow is evident in ultraviolet C iv and Si iv absorption lines with velocity shifts v∼ 26 300 km s−1 and deblended widths FWHM ∼4000 km s−1. These features are marginally strong and broad enough to be considered broad absorption lines (BALs), but their large velocities exclude them from the standard BAL definition. The outflow lines appeared between two observations in the years 2002.18 and 2006.96. A third observation in 2008.48 showed the lines becoming ∼40 per cent weaker and 10 to 15 per cent narrower. There is no evidence for acceleration or for any outflow gas at velocities ≲23 000 km s−1. The lines appear to be optically thick, with the absorber covering just 20 per cent of the quasar continuum source. This indicates a characteristic absorber size of ∼4 × 1015 cm, but with a BAL-like total column density log NH(cm−2) ≳ 21.2 and average space density nH≳ 2 × 105 cm−3. We attribute the emergence of the outflow lines to a substantial flow structure moving across our line of sight, possibly near the ragged edge of the main BAL flow or possibly related to the onset of a BAL evolutionary phase.