bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risks and benefits associated with the primary functions of artificial intelligence powered autoinjectors
Authors: Machal Marlon Luca 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThis research aims to present and assess the Primary Functions of autoinjectors introduced in ISO 11608-1:2022. Investigate the risks in current autoinjector technology, identify and assess risks and benefits associated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered autoinjectors, and propose a framework for mitigating these risks. ISO 11608-1:2022 is a standard that specifies requirements and test methods for needle-based injection systems intended to deliver drugs, focusing on design and function to ensure patient safety and product effectiveness. ‘KZH’ is an FDA product code used to classify autoinjectors, for regulatory purposes, ensuring they meet defined safety and efficacy standards before being marketed.MethodA comprehensive analysis of autoinjectors problems is conducted using data from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) database. This database records medical device reporting events, including those related to autoinjectors, reported by various sources. The analysis focuses on events associated with the product code KZH, covering data from January 1, 2008, to September 30, 2023. This research employs statistical frequency analysis and incorporates pertinent the FDA, United Kingdom, European Commission regulations, and ISO standards.Results500 medical device reporting events are assessed for autoinjectors under the KZH code. Ultimately, 188 of these events are confirmed to be associated with autoinjectors, all 500 medical devices were seen to lack AI capabilities. An analysis of these events for traditional mechanical autoinjectors revealed a predominant occurrence of malfunctions (72%) and injuries (26%) among event types. Device problems, such as breakage, defects, jams, and others, accounted for 45% of incidents, while 10% are attributed to patient problems, particularly missed and underdoses.ConclusionTraditional autoinjectors are designed to assist patients in medication administration, underscoring the need for quality control, reliability, and design enhancements. AI autoinjectors, sharing this goal, bring additional cybersecurity and software risks, requiring a comprehensive risk management framework that includes standards, tools, training, and ongoing monitoring. The integration of AI promises to improve functionality, enable real-time monitoring, and facilitate remote clinical trials, timely interventions, and tailored medical treatments.
A novel front in sustainable microbial management: computational analysis of curcumin and mangiferin’s synergistic action against Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Perveen Kahkashan , Bukhari Najat A. , Alshaikh Najla A. , Kondaveeti Suresh Babu , Alsulami Jamilah A. , Debnath Sandip , Kumarasamy Vinoth 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundMicroorganisms are crucial in our ecosystem, offering diverse functions and adaptability. The UNGA Science Summit has underscored the importance of understanding microbes in alignment with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Bacillus anthracis poses significant challenges among various microorganisms due to its harmful effects on both soil and public health. Our study employed computational techniques to investigate the inhibitory effects of curcumin and mangiferin on Bacillus anthracis, with the aim of presenting a novel bio-based approach to microbial management.MethodsEmploying high-throughput screening, we identified potential binding sites on B. anthracis. Molecular docking revealed that curcumin and mangiferin, when synergistically combined, exhibited strong binding affinities at different sites on the bacterium. Our findings demonstrated a significant drop in binding free energy, indicating a stronger interaction when these compounds were used together.FindingsResults of Molecular docking indicated binding energies of −8.45 kcal/mol for mangiferin, −7.68 kcal/mol for curcumin, and a notably higher binding energy of −19.47 kcal/mol for the combination of mangiferin and curcumin with CapD protein. Molecular dynamics simulations further validated these interactions, demonstrating increased stability and structural changes in the bacterium.ConclusionThis study highlights the effectiveness of natural compounds like curcumin and mangiferin in microbial management, especially against challenging pathogens like B. anthracis. It emphasizes the potential of sustainable, nature-based solutions and calls for further empirical research to expand upon these findings.
Effect of nonpharmacological interventions on poststroke depression: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Yuanyuan , Gao Lei , Meng Xiaohan , Deng Qidan 
Published: April 2024

PurposeTo investigate the effects of nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) on poststroke depression (PSD) in stroke patients.MethodsComputer searches were conducted on the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang databases from their establishment to December 2023. The selection was made using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 40 articles were included to compare the effects of the 17 NPIs on patients with PSD.ResultsForty studies involving seventeen interventions were included. The network findings indicated that compared with conventional therapy (COT), superior PSD improvement was observed for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) + acupoint acupuncture (CBTA) (mean difference [MD], −4.25; 95% CI, −5.85 to −2.65), team positive psychotherapy (MD, −4.05; 95% CI, −5.53 to −2.58), music therapy (MT) + positive psychological intervention (MD, −2.25; 95% CI, −3.65 to −0.85), CBT (MD, −1.52; 95% CI, −2.05 to −0.99), mindfulness-based stress reduction (MD, −1.14; 95% CI, −2.14 to −0.14), MT (MD, −0.95; 95% CI, −1.39 to −0.52), acupoint acupuncture + MT (AAMT) (MD, −0.69; 95% CI, −1.25 to −0.14). Furthermore, CBT (MD, −3.87; 95% CI, −4.57 to −3.17), AAMT (MD, −1.02; 95% CI, −1.41 to −0.62), acupressure + MT (MD, −0.91; 95% CI, −1.27 to −0.54), and narrative care + acupressure (MD, −0.74; 95% CI, −1.19 to −0.29) demonstrated superior Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) improvement compared with COT.ConclusionEvidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggests that CBTA improves depression in patients with PSD. Moreover, CBT improves sleep in these patients. Additional randomized controlled trials are required to further investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of these interventions.
Distinct eye movement patterns to complex scenes in Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body disease
Authors: Yamada Yasunori , Shinkawa Kaoru , Kobayashi Masatomo , Nemoto Miyuki , Ota Miho , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Arai Tetsuaki 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD), the two most common causes of neurodegenerative dementia with similar clinical manifestations, both show impaired visual attention and altered eye movements. However, prior studies have used structured tasks or restricted stimuli, limiting the insights into how eye movements alter and differ between AD and LBD in daily life.ObjectiveWe aimed to comprehensively characterize eye movements of AD and LBD patients on naturalistic complex scenes with broad categories of objects, which would provide a context closer to real-world free viewing, and to identify disease-specific patterns of altered eye movements.MethodsWe collected spontaneous viewing behaviors to 200 naturalistic complex scenes from patients with AD or LBD at the prodromal or dementia stage, as well as matched control participants. We then investigated eye movement patterns using a computational visual attention model with high-level image features of object properties and semantic information.ResultsCompared with matched controls, we identified two disease-specific altered patterns of eye movements: diminished visual exploration, which differentially correlates with cognitive impairment in AD and with motor impairment in LBD; and reduced gaze allocation to objects, attributed to a weaker attention bias toward high-level image features in AD and attributed to a greater image-center bias in LBD.ConclusionOur findings may help differentiate AD and LBD patients and comprehend their real-world visual behaviors to mitigate the widespread impact of impaired visual attention on daily activities.
Multiomics analysis investigating the impact of a high-fat diet in female Sprague–Dawley rats: alterations in plasma, intestinal metabolism, and microbial composition
Authors: Zhang Jiacheng , Hu Binhong , Deng Xin , Sun Rong , Zhang Rong , Chen Kuo , Guo Wenzhi 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionWith improvements in living conditions, modern individuals exhibit a pronounced inclination towards a high-fat diet, largely because of its distinctive gustatory appeal. However, the association between high-fat diets and metabolic complications has largely been ignored, and metabolic diseases such as obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease now constitute a major public health concern. Because high-fat diets increase the risk of metabolic diseases, a thorough investigation into the impact of high-fat diets on gut microbiota and metabolism is required.MethodsWe utilize 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis to demonstrate that SD rats fed a high-fat diet exhibited marked alterations in gut microbiota and plasma, intestinal metabolism.ResultsChanges in gut microbiota included a decreased abundance at phylum level for Verrucomicrobiota, and a decreased abundance at genus level for Akkermansia, Ralstonia, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium. Additionally, significant changes were observed in both intestinal and plasma metabolite levels, including an upregulation of bile acid metabolism, an upregulation of glucose-lipid metabolism, and increased levels of metabolites such as norlithocholic acid, cholic acid, D-fructose, D-mannose, fructose lactate, and glycerophosphocholine. We also investigated the correlations between microbial communities and metabolites, revealing a significant negative correlation between Akkermansia bacteria and cholic acid.DiscussionOverall, our findings shed light on the relationship between symbiotic bacteria associated with high-fat diets and metabolic biomarkers, and they provide insights for identifying novel therapeutic approaches to mitigate disease risks associated with a high-fat diet.
Serial tissue Doppler imaging in the evaluation of bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension among extremely preterm infants: a prospective observational study
Authors: Gopagondanahalli Krishna Revanna , Abdul Haium Abdul Alim , Vora Shrenik Jitendrakumar , Sundararaghavan Sreekanthan , Ng Wei Di , Choo Tze Liang Jonathan , Ang Wai Lin , Binte Mohamad Taib Nur Qaiyimah , Wijedasa Nishanthi Han Ying , Rajadurai Victor Samuel , Yeo Kee Thai , Tan Teng Hong 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate serial tissue Doppler cardiac imaging (TDI) in the evolution of bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH) among extremely preterm infants.DesignProspective observational study.SettingSingle-center, tertiary-level neonatal intensive care unit.PatientsInfant born &lt;28 weeks gestation.Main outcome measuresUtility of TDI in the early diagnosis and prediction of BPD-PH and optimal timing for screening of BPD-PH.ResultsA total of 79 infants were included. Of them, 17 (23%) had BPD-PH. The mean gestational age was 25.9 ± 1.1 weeks, and mean birth weight was 830 ± 174 g. The BPD-PH group had a high incidence of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (83% vs. 56%, p &lt; 0.018), longer oxygen days (96.16 ± 68.09 vs. 59.35 ± 52.1, p &lt; 0.008), and prolonged hospital stay (133.8 ± 45.9 vs. 106.5 ± 37.9 days, p &lt; 0.005). The left ventricular eccentricity index (0.99 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.7, p &lt; 0.01) and the ratio of acceleration time to right ventricular ejection time showed a statistically significant trend from 33 weeks (0.24 ± 0.05 vs. 0.28 ± 0.05, p &lt; 0.05). At 33 weeks, the BPD-PH group showed prolonged isovolumetric contraction time (27.84 ± 5.5 vs. 22.77 ± 4, p &lt; 0.001), prolonged isovolumetric relaxation time (40.3 ± 7.1 vs. 34.9 ± 5.3, p &lt; 0.003), and abnormal myocardial performance index (0.39 ± 0.05 vs. 0.32 ± 0.03, p &lt; 0.001). These differences persisted at 36 weeks after conceptional gestational age.ConclusionsTDI parameters are sensitive in the early evolution of BPD-PH. Diagnostic accuracy can be increased by combining the TDI parameters with conventional echocardiographic parameters. BPD-PH can be recognizable as early as 33–34 weeks of gestation.
Chemotherapeutic potential of betanin/capecitabine combination targeting colon cancer: experimental and bioinformatic studies exploring NFκB and cyclin D1 interplay
Authors: Ahmed Rehab , Zaitone Sawsan A. , Abdelmaogood Asmaa K. K. , Atef Huda M. , Soliman Mona F. M. , Badawy Alaa M. , Ali Howaida S. , Zaid AbdelNaser , Mokhtar Hatem I. , Elabbasy Lamiaa M. , Kandil Emad , Yosef Asmaa Mokhtar , Mahran Rama I. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Betanin (C₂₄H₂₆N₂O₁₃) is safe to use as food additives approved by the FDA with anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects in many types of cancer cell lines. The current experiment was designed to test the chemotherapeutic effect of the combination of betanin with the standard chemotherapeutic agent, capecitabine, against chemically induced colon cancer in mice.Methods: Bioinformatic approach was designed to get information about the possible mechanisms through which the drugs may control cancer development. Five groups of mice were assigned as, (i) saline, (ii) colon cancer, (iii) betanin, (iv) capecitabine and (v) betanin/capecitabine. Drugs were given orally for a period of six weeks. Colon tissues were separated and used for biological assays and histopathology.Results: In addition, the mRNA expression of TNF-α (4.58-fold), NFκB (5.33-fold), IL-1β (4.99-fold), cyclin D1 (4.07-fold), and IL-6 (3.55-fold) and protein levels showed several folds increases versus the saline group. Tumor histopathology scores in the colon cancer group (including cryptic distortion and hyperplasia) and immunostaining for NFκB (2.94-fold) were high while periodic-acid Schiff staining demonstrated poor mucin content (33% of the saline group). These pathologic manifestations were reduced remarkably in betanin/capecitabine group.Conclusion: Collectively, our findings demonstrated the usefulness of betanin/capecitabine combination in targeting colon cancer and highlighted that betanin is a promising adjuvant therapy to capecitabine in treating colon cancer patients.
A multi-omic survey of black cottonwood tissues highlights coordinated transcriptomic and metabolomic mechanisms for plant adaptation to phosphorus deficiency
Authors: Kangi Emel , Brzostek Edward R. , Bills Robert J. , Callister Stephen J. , Zink Erika M. , Kim Young-Mo , Larsen Peter E. , Cumming Jonathan R. 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionPhosphorus (P) deficiency in plants creates a variety of metabolic perturbations that decrease photosynthesis and growth. Phosphorus deficiency is especially challenging for the production of bioenergy feedstock plantation species, such as poplars (Populus spp.), where fertilization may not be practically or economically feasible. While the phenotypic effects of P deficiency are well known, the molecular mechanisms underlying whole-plant and tissue-specific responses to P deficiency, and in particular the responses of commercially valuable hardwoods, are less studied. MethodsWe used a multi-tissue and multi-omics approach using transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses of the leaves and roots of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) seedlings grown under P-deficient (5 µM P) and replete (100 µM P) conditions to assess this knowledge gap and to identify potential gene targets for selection for P efficiency.ResultsIn comparison to seedlings grown at 100 µM P, P-deficient seedlings exhibited reduced dry biomass, altered chlorophyll fluorescence, and reduced tissue P concentrations. In line with these observations, growth, C metabolism, and photosynthesis pathways were downregulated in the transcriptome of the P-deficient plants. Additionally, we found evidence of strong lipid remodeling in the leaves. Metabolomic data showed that the roots of P-deficient plants had a greater relative abundance of phosphate ion, which may reflect extensive degradation of P-rich metabolites in plants exposed to long-term P-deficiency. With the notable exception of the KEGG pathway for Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500), the responses of the transcriptome and the metabolome to P deficiency were consistent with one another. No significant changes in the proteome were detected in response to P deficiency.Discussion and conclusionCollectively, our multi-omic and multi-tissue approach enabled the identification of important metabolic and regulatory pathways regulated across tissues at the molecular level that will be important avenues to further evaluate for P efficiency. These included stress-mediating systems associated with reactive oxygen species maintenance, lipid remodeling within tissues, and systems involved in P scavenging from the rhizosphere.
Servant leadership, brand love, and work ethic: important predictors of general health in workers in the education sector
Authors: Laura-Arias Elena , Villar-Guevara Miluska , Millones-Liza Dany Yudet 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundBuilding a path aimed at the wellbeing of workers in the education sector is the fundamental basis to encourage quality education. To fill the gap in knowledge and address this aspect by understanding the behavior of the study population, it was proposed as with the objective of determining if servant leadership, brand love and work ethic predict the general health in workers.MethodsA non-probability sampling was applied for convenience. For this purpose, a sample of 509 workers from Peru was submitted to study, who completed a questionnaire consisting of: scale of servant leadership, work ethic, GHQ-12 and brand love. By applying a quantitative method using a structural equation modeling partial least squares approach.ResultsThe present study demonstrated that the three constructs (servant leadership, brand love, and work ethic) predict the general health of workers in a positive and significant way, in a sample of Peruvian workers in the education sector. Furthermore, the results suggest that these factors can be used to improve the health of employees in educational institutions in Peru and possibly in other contexts as well.ConclusionGiven these results and after knowing the solidity of the predictions, the importance of promoting general health in workers in the education sector.
What are the roles of positive psychological construct in blended learning contexts? Integrating academic buoyancy into the Community of Inquiry framework
Authors: Yang Yan , Lay Yoon Fah 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionIn the post-epidemic era, blended learning has become a social trend for the future of higher education, and scholars have endeavored to understand the factors that influence student learning in these blended communities. Communities of Inquiry is a conceptual framework that describes the components of blended learning environments, indicating teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence. However, the framework fails to adequately explore how individual learning motivational factors influence student learning. Therefore, this study extends the Community of Inquiry framework by drawing on a positive psychological construct-academic buoyancy to reveal the relationship between academic buoyancy and the three presences through empirical research.MethodsThe theoretical model was validated by SPSS 26.0 and smartPLS4.0. To evaluate the measurement and structural models, structural equation modeling (SEM) was carried out using the partial least squares (PLS) method.Findings(a) Teaching presence positively predicts academic buoyancy, and academic buoyancy positively predicts social presence and cognitive presence; (b) academic buoyancy mediates teaching presence and social presence, as well as teaching presence and cognitive presence; and (c) academic buoyancy acts as a chain mediator between teaching presence and cognitive presence through social presence.DiscussionThe results of this study fill a gap in the multiple roles of individual positive psychological construct-academic buoyancy in blended learning communities, extend the Community of Inquiry theoretical framework, and provide empirical evidence for blended learning quality and practical improvement strategies.
Against the odds: exploring individuals’ pushback mechanisms against commercialized football gambling
Authors: Adebisi Tunde , Aregbesola Ayooluwa , Taiwo-Abdul Timilehin 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThe need for money, the pursuit of pleasure, and the liberalized access to gambling have been documented in several pieces of literature as the drivers of gambling. Such drivers are predicated on commercialized gambling, leading to the growth of the gambling industry and constituting a structural influence that normalizes the activity among young people.MethodsThrough a qualitative inquiry, this study investigates the social agentic factors of individuals who are susceptible to gambling. Fifteen non-gamblers were recruited across three commercial cities in Africa, namely Nairobi, Lagos, and Johannesburg. We first established the gambling susceptibility of the participants: their need for money, their passion for football, ownership of a smartphone, access to the internet, and exposure to football gambling marketing.ResultsConsequently, we probed for their agency, which is indicative of why they do not gamble, despite being susceptible to engaging in the activity. Four major agentic factors were identified from the participants; knowledge of the industry’s business model, conserving the integrity of football, identity of self, morality and/or religion model.DiscussionAs such, these factors may be utilized to develop an intervention program for gamblers within the geographical context.
Cultural worldviews and waste sorting among urban Chinese dwellers: the mediating role of environmental risk perception
Authors: Cai Lin , Li Qingjun , Wan Erya , Luo Menglin , Tao Siwen 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveWaste sorting has received considerable attention in recent decades. However, research on the mechanisms underlying the relationships among cultural worldview, environmental risk perception, and waste sorting is rather scarce. This study aims to explore the cultural worldviews, environmental risk perception, and waste sorting among urban Chinese and their mechanisms.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study involving 744 urban Chinese residents (371 men and 373 women). A questionnaire was utilized to measure cultural worldviews, environmental risk perception, and waste sorting. Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were used to examine the relationship between cultural worldviews, perceptions of environmental risk, and waste sorting.ResultsWaste sorting had a relatively insignificant negative relationship with fatalism and individualism. The correlation between environmental risk perception and cultural worldviews was negative except for egalitarianism, and the correlation between hierarchy and environmental risk perception was higher than the others, while individualism was higher than fatalism. Heightened environmental risk perception mediates the relationship between egalitarianism and waste sorting. Reduced environmental risk perception mediates the relationship between hierarchy and waste sorting, and mediates the relationship between individualism and waste sorting.ConclusionThese new findings provide initial support for the mediating role of environmental risk perception in the relationship between cultural worldviews and waste sorting. Both theoretical and practical implications for understanding the psychological mechanisms of waste sorting are discussed.