bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial efficacy of gentamicin‐loaded acrylic bone cements with fusidic acid or clindamycin added
Authors: Neut Daniëlle , Hendriks Johannes G.E. , van Horn Jim R. , Kowalski Rick S.Z. , van der Mei Henny C. , Busscher Henk J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe increasing gentamicin resistance among bacteria in septic joint arthroplasty has stimulated interest in adding a second antibiotic into gentamicin‐loaded bone cement. A first aim of this in vitro study is to investigate whether addition of fusidic acid or clindamycin to gentamicin‐loaded bone cement has an additional antimicrobial effect against a collection of 38 clinical isolates, including 16 gentamicin‐resistant strains. A modified Kirby‐Bauer test, involving measurement of the inhibition zone around antibiotic‐loaded bone cement discs on agar plates, was used to investigate whether adding a second antibiotic has an additional antimicrobial effect. Second, a selected number of strains was used to study their survival in an interfacial gap made in the different bone cements to mimic the gap between bone and cement as existing near a prosthesis. Gentamicin‐loaded bone cement had an antimicrobial activity against 58% of the 38 bacterial strains included in this study, while 68% of the strains were affected by bone cement loaded with a combination of gentamicin and clindamycin. Bone cement loaded with the combination of gentamicin and fusidic acid had antimicrobial activity against 87% of the bacterial strains. In the prosthesis‐related gap model, there was a clear trend toward less bacterial survival for gentamicin‐loaded bone cement after adding clindamycin or fusidic acid. Addition of clindamycin or fusidic acid into gentamicin‐loaded bone cement yields an additional antimicrobial effect. The combination gentamicin and fusidic acid was effective against a higher number of clinical isolates than the combination of gentamicin with clindamycin, including gentamicin‐resistant strains.©2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Modification of Natural Rubber by Grafting with Hydrophilic Vinyl Monomers
Authors: Kangwansupamonkon Wiyong , Gilbert Robert G. , Kiatkamjornwong Suda 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSummary: The grafting of two hydrophilic vinyl monomers, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (DMAEA) and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), onto natural rubber latex was carried out by emulsion polymerization using redox initiation. The effects of the redox initiator concentration and type (cumene hydroperoxide/tetraethylenepentamine, CHP/TEPA; tert‐butyl hydroperoxide/tetraethylenepentamine, t‐BHP/TEPA; potassium persulfate/potassium metabisulfite, K2S2O8/K2S2O5), the monomer concentration and the reaction temperature on the conversion, the grafting efficiency, the water absorption and the contact angles of the grafted copolymers films, and the colloidal stability of the latexes at low pH, were investigated. Infrared spectroscopic analysis confirmed that DMAEA and DMAEMA were grafted onto the natural rubber particles. The hairy layer structure of NR‐g‐poly(DMAEMA) latex particles was investigated by transmission electron microscopy using positive and negative stainings with OsO4 and phosphotungstic acid, respectively.TEM micrograph of NR‐g‐poly(DMAEMA) latex particles stained with 2% OsO4.magnified imageTEM micrograph of NR‐g‐poly(DMAEMA) latex particles stained with 2% OsO4.
Low‐Voltage All‐Polymer Field‐Effect Transistor Fabricated Using an Inkjet Printing Technique
Authors: Liu Yi , Varahramyan Kody , Cui Tianhong 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSummary: An all‐polymer field‐effect transistor (FET) fabricated using an inkjet printing technique is presented in this paper. Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) works as the source/drain/gate electrode material because of its good conductivity. Polypyrrole acts as the semiconducting layer. Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) K60, an insulating polymer with a dielectric constant of 60, operates as the dielectric layer. All the polymers are diluted with deionized water, and can be printed with a piezoelectric inkjet printing system. The device functions at a depletion mode with low operation voltage. It has a field‐effect mobility of 0.1 cm2 · V−1 · s−1, an on/off ratio of 2.9 × 103, and a subthreshold slope of 2.81 V · decade−1.Schematic of the all‐polymer FET synthesized here.imageSchematic of the all‐polymer FET synthesized here.
Conductive Polypyrrole and Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) Nanotubes Fabricated with Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly
Authors: Ai Sufen , He Qiang , Tao Cheng , Zheng Suping , Li Junbai 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSummary: Conductive nanotubes were fabricated by the alternate adsorption of negatively charged polypyrrole (PPy) and positively charged poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) onto the inner pores of polycarbonate templates. Nanotubes are obtained by the subsequently removal of the template. Using several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, we demonstrate that the yielded materials possess a tubular structure and conductive properties. The conductivity of PPy/PAH nanotubes is measured as 0.008 S · cm−1.SEM image of eight bilayer PPy/PAH nanotubes after the removal of the template.imageSEM image of eight bilayer PPy/PAH nanotubes after the removal of the template.
Optimization and mediated bartering models for ground delay programs
Authors: Vossen Thomas , Ball Michael 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the airline community within the United States have adopted a new paradigm for air traffic flow management, called Collaborative Decision Making (CDM). A principal goal of CDM is shared decision‐making responsibility between the FAA and airlines, so as to increase airline control over decisions that involve economic tradeoffs. So far, CDM has primarily led to enhancements in the implementation of Ground Delay Programs, by changing procedures for allocating slots to airlines and exchanging slots between airlines. In this paper, we discuss how these procedures may be formalized through appropriately defined optimization models. In addition, we describe how inter‐airline slot exchanges may be viewed as a bartering process, in which each “round” of bartering requires the solution of an optimization problem. We compare the resulting optimization problem with the current procedure for exchanging slots and discuss possibilities for increased decision‐making capabilities by the airlines. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
Assessing p53 in clinical contexts: unlearned lessons and new perspectives
Authors: Hall Peter A , McCluggage W Glenn 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThere is compelling evidence for the central role of the p53 pathway in human neoplasia but, despite an enormous literature, the clinical utility of assessing this pathway remains ambiguous. Even simple questions about the assessment of p53 status in clinical samples remain unanswered and the literature is confusing and often contradictory. The p53 pathway is certainly complicated and the biochemical mechanisms for regulating the function of p53 and its downstream consequences are rabbinical in complexity. This perspective considers this complexity and the reasons why establishing the true utility of clinical assessment of p53 has proven to be so difficult. Indeed, recent observations regarding the existence of alternate splice variants of p53, the complexity of p53 regulation, and the existence of allelic variants of p53 and its regulators with distinct functionality makes the situation even more complex. Problems with the available assays are considered and the need to consider an array of methodological issues is emphasized. Newer strategies including analysis of the expression of downstream targets of p53 and the use of threshold strategies to measure p53 protein may provide more robust measures of the p53 pathway in clinical settings, perhaps coupled with cheap sequencing‐based approaches for mutation (and polymorphism) detection. However, progress will only be made if these methodological issues are resolved and robust assays are performed in the context of appropriately powered studies in clinical trial settings. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacogenetics of drug‐induced arrhythmias: a feasibility study using spontaneous adverse drug reactions reporting data
Authors: De Bruin Marie L. , van Puijenbroek Eugene P. , Bracke Madelon , Hoes Arno W. , Leufkens Hubert G. M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPurposeThe bottleneck in pharmacogenetic research on rare adverse drug reactions (ADR) is retrieval of patients. Spontaneous reports of ADRs may form a useful source of patients. We investigated the feasibility of a pharmacogenetic study, in which cases were selected from the database of a spontaneous reporting system for ADRs, using drug‐induced arrhythmias as an example.MethodsReports of drug‐induced arrhythmias to proarrhythmic drugs were selected from the database of the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre (1996–2003). Information on the patient's general practitioner (GP) was obtained from the original report, or from another health care provider who reported the event. GPs were contacted and asked to recruit the patient as well as two age, gender and drug matched controls. Patients were asked to fill a questionnaire and provide a buccal swab DNA sample through the mail. DNA samples were screened for 10 missense mutations in 5 genes associated with the congenital long‐QT (LQT) syndrome (KCNQ1, KCNH2, SCN5A, KCNE1, KCNE2).ResultsWe identified 45 eligible cases, 29 GPs could be contacted of which seven were willing to participate. Four cases and five matched controls could be included in the study, giving an overall participation rate of 9% (4/45). The main reason for GPs not being willing to participate was lack of time. Variants were identified in KCNH2, SCN5A and KCNE1.ConclusionsSpontaneous reporting systems for ADRs may be used for pharmacogenetic research. The methods described, however, need to be improved to increase participation and international collaboration may be required. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical ageing in poly(4‐hydroxy styrene)/poly(vinyl methyl ether) blends
Authors: Arrighi Valeria , Cowie John MG , Ferguson Roderick , McEwen Iain J , McGonigle Elizabeth‐Anne , Pethrick Richard A , Princi Elisabetta 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe influence of blend composition on enthalpy‐relaxation behaviour was assessed for miscible blends of poly(4‐hydroxy styrene)/poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PHS/PVME). Values of enthalpy lost (ΔH(Ta, ta)) were calculated from experimental data plotted against log (ta) and modelled using the Cowie–Ferguson (CF) expression. This gives a set of values for three adjustable parameters, ΔH∞(Ta), log (tc) and β. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) measurements indicated that all of the blends, except the blend with 59 mol% of the PHS component, have greater free volume than pure PHS. Furthermore, infrared spectroscopy was useful for assessing the hydrogen‐bonding interactions in the blends. The ageing results are discussed with reference to the strength of the interactions and free volumes, and are compared with related systems. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Basic study of the gelation of dimethacrylate‐type crosslinking agents
Authors: Aoki Hiroshi , Hosoya Ken , Norisuye Tomohisa , Tanaka Nobuo , Tokuda Daisuke , Ishizuka Norio , Nakanishi Kazuki 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAn investigation was made of the gelation of dimethacrylate‐type crosslinking agents in view of an application for separation media. The study mainly centered on a crosslinking agent, glycerol dimethacrylate (GDMA), which is relatively hydrophilic because of a hydroxyl group in the middle of its structure. The gelation of GDMA was compared with that of other hydrophobic crosslinking agents such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and 1,6‐hexanediol dimethacrylate. The diluents used in the study were toluene, toluene with methanol, and cyclohexanol. The gelation was observed in real time with a charge coupled device camera and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Also, the separated dry gels were extensively characterized with scanning electron microscopy, BET (N2 absorption and desorption isotherm), and Fourier transform infrared. DLS analysis showed a stronger molecular interaction of GDMA gelation in toluene, whereas this interaction was much weaker in an alcoholic solvent such as toluene with methanol or cyclohexanol. This indicated that GDMA gelation might proceed through hydrogen bonding as well as a crosslinking reaction of vinyl groups. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 949–958, 2006
Synthesis and properties of optically active amino acid based polyacetylenes bearing eugenol and fluorene moieties
Authors: Rahim Erwin Abdul , Sanda Fumio , Masuda Toshio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNovel optically active amino acid based polyacetylenes bearing eugenol and fluorene moieties were synthesized, and their properties, including chiroptical ones, were analyzed. N‐[1‐(3,4‐Dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐propyloxycarbonyl]‐L‐alanine N′‐propargylamide (1), N‐[1‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐propyloxycarbonyl]‐L‐alanine propargyl ester (2), N‐(9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)‐L‐alanine N′‐propargylamide (3), and N‐(9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)‐L‐alanine propargyl ester (4) were polymerized with a rhodium‐zwitterion catalyst in tetrahydrofuran to afford the corresponding polymers with moderate molecular weights ranging from 10,800 to 17,300 in good yields. Because of the large specific rotation and circular dichroism (CD) signal, it was concluded that the poly(N‐propargylamide)s [poly(1) and poly(3)] took a helical structure with a predominantly one‐handed screw sense. The solvent and temperature could tune the helical structure of poly(1). On the other hand, the poly(propargyl ester)s [poly(2) and poly(4)] exhibited only small specific rotations and CD signals. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 810–819, 2006
The tiered model of psychosocial intervention in cancer: a community based approach
Authors: Hutchison Sandy D. , Steginga Suzanne K. , Dunn Jeff 
Published: December 2005

AbstractClinical practice guidelines for the management of psychosocial distress in people with cancer have been produced in Australia and North America and these provide direction for the provision of psychosocial care for patients with cancer and their families. This report describes a tiered intervention model to operationalise psychosocial care in oncology in the community and outlines a framework for integrating services across sectors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational study of titanium (IV) complexes with organic chromophores
Authors: Kondov Ivan , Wang Haobin , Thoss Michael 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA computational study of small titanium complexes with the chromophores catechol, alizarin, and coumarin 343 is presented. Employing density functional theory (DFT), the ground‐state geometries, energies, and harmonic frequencies of the different compounds are calculated. Furthermore, time‐dependent DFT and the configuration interaction singles (CIS) method are used to determine excitation energies and excited‐state gradients. Based on these results, the character of the excited states as well as electronic‐vibrational coupling strengths are analyzed, and the implications for electron‐transfer reactions at dye–semiconductor interfaces are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Theoretical study of the substituent effect on the intramolecular hydrogen bonds in di(4‐hydroxycoumarin) derivatives
Authors: Mihaylov Tzvetan , Georgieva Ivelina , Bauer Günther , Kostova Irena , Manolov Ilia , Trendafilova Natasha 
Published: December 2005

AbstractGeometry optimization of ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐pyridyl‐substituted di(4‐hydroxycoumarin) [di(4‐HC)] was performed with the density functional theory (DFT) [B3LYP/6‐31G(d)] method. Two asymmetrical intramolecular OH…O hydrogen bonds (HBs) stabilized the structures. The calculated single HB energies varied from −62.56 to −47.53 kJ mol−1 and pointed to a relative strong hydrogen bond in the systems studied. The 2‐ and 6‐pyridyl substituents produced the largest geometrical changes in di(4‐hydroxycoumarin) fragment. The highest total HB energy was found for 2‐pyridyl‐substituted and the lowest one for 6‐pyridyl‐substituted di(4‐hydroxycoumarin). The HB energy variations were confirmed with rotational barrier method calculations. Both steric and electrostatic factors were found to be responsible for the HB asymmetry in the compounds studied. According to the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) calculations the most preferred reactive site for electrophilic attack of pyridyl‐substituted di(4‐hydroxycoumarin)s are the pyridine nitrogen and the carbonyl oxygens, followed by the hydroxyl oxygens. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Molecular orbital investigation of various reaction pathways in reaction of ketones with bromoform
Authors: Vitnik Željko J. , Kiricojević Vesna D. , Ivanović Milovan D. , Juranić Ivan O. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTo elucidate the ring opening, nucleophilic reactions of dihaloepoxides the extensive calculations were done on a model system cyclohexanone–bromoform. In this reaction, the formation of dihaloepoxide is postulated as a key step that determines the distribution and stereochemistry of products. Every reaction scheme involves epoxide as a key intermediate (1). Three major products (2, 3, and 4) can be obtained, in principle, by three different competing reaction pathways. The calculations showed that all the pathways are exothermic. Reaction pathway 1 is most convenient, it does not include any intermediate, and its energy is not much affected by the polarity of the medium. In pathways 2 and 3, the calculations showed the intermediates having a largely carbocationic character on the spiro junction carbon atom. The step in which these intermediates are formed determines the reaction rate. Because of the polarity of intermediates in pathways 2 and 3, the base concentration and polarity of solvent determine the balance of reaction pathways and the product yield. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Quantitative analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in adipose tissue, human serum and foodstuff samples by gas chromatography with ion trap tandem mass spectrometry and isotope dilution
Authors: Gómara Belén , Herrero Laura , Bordajandi Luisa R. , González María José 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA method based on gas chromatography (GC) separation followed by ion trap tandem mass spectrometry detection in EI mode (ITD‐MS/MS), using isotope dilution, was developed for the determination of ten native polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and four 13C12‐labeled congeners in biological (fat tissue and human serum) and food samples. The highest‐mass fragment ions were used as precursor ions for those congeners with molecular ions with m/z values higher than the maximum of the instrument. In these cases (hepta‐BDEs and 13C12‐hexa‐BDEs) no fragmentation was achieved under the experimental conditions employed. Repeatability (lower than 9%) and reproducibility (lower than 13%), expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 3 and 4, respectively), were satisfactory. Similarly, the coefficient of variation (n = 4) of the isotopic ratio between the two most abundant product ions was lower than 10 and 6% for native and labeled congeners, respectively. To evaluate the feasibility of the method, the optimized isotope dilution GC/ITD‐MS/MS method was used for the quantitation of selected PBDE congeners in different samples including adipose tissue, human serum and foodstuff samples, from three inter‐laboratory comparative exercises, covering a wide range of concentrations. A solid‐phase extraction procedure, previously developed for PCB determination in small‐size bird serum samples, was successfully applied to quantification of PBDEs in 1 mL samples of human serum. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advantages of deuterium‐labelled mixed triacylglycerol in studies of intraluminal fat digestion
Authors: Slater Christine , Preston Tom , Weaver Lawrence T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe 13C‐mixed triacylglcerol (MTG, 1,3‐distearyl, 2‐[1‐13C]octanoyl glycerol) breath test is a non‐invasive measure of intraluminal fat digestion. Recovery of 13C in breath CO2 is incomplete (<50%) owing to sequestration of 13C into organic molecules via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In addition lack of knowledge of CO2 production rate (VCO2) during the test leads to errors in the calculated percentage dose recovered (PDR). 2H sequestration into organic molecules is low (∼4%) and is not influenced by factors that affect VCO2 such as food intake or physical activity. After oxidation of 2H‐labelled macromolecules, the label appears in body water, which can be sampled non‐invasively in urine or saliva. After an overnight fast, two healthy adults consumed [2H]MTG (1,3‐distearyl, 2‐[2H15]octanoyl glycerol) and [13C]MTG (1,3 distearyl, 2‐[1‐13C]octanoyl glycerol) simultaneously. Total body water (TBW) was measured by 18O dilution and also estimated from height and weight. Urine and saliva were sampled at baseline and for 10 h after consumption of the test meal. The abundance of 2HOH and H2 18O in urine and saliva was measured by continuous‐flow isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry. Cumulative PDR of 2H and 18O was calculated from the plateau enrichment, which was reached by 6 h in both saliva and urine. Recovery of 2H calculated using measured TBW was compared with that using an estimated value of TBW. Mean recovery of 2H in saliva was 99.3% and in urine was 96.4%. Errors introduced by estimating TBW were <5%. [2H]MTG could provide a simpler, more robust, indirect test of intraluminal fat digestion compared with the 13C‐breath test. Further studies are required in pancreatic insufficient patients. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracellular Biosynthesis of Magnetite using Fungi
Authors: Bharde Atul , Rautaray Debabrata , Bansal Vipul , Ahmad Absar , Sarkar Indranil , Yusuf Seikh Mohammad , Sanyal Milan , Sastry Murali 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe development of synthetic processes for oxide nanomaterials is an issue of considerable topical interest. While a number of chemical methods are available and are extensively used, the collaborations are often energy intensive and employ toxic chemicals. On the other hand, the synthesis of inorganic materials by biological systems is characterized by processes that occur at close to ambient temperatures and pressures, and at neutral pH (examples include magnetotactic bacteria, diatoms, and S‐layer bacteria). Here we show that nanoparticulate magnetite may be produced at room temperature extracellularly by challenging the fungi, Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium sp., with mixtures of ferric and ferrous salts. Extracellular hydrolysis of the anionic iron complexes by cationic proteins secreted by the fungi results in the room‐temperature synthesis of crystalline magnetite particles that exhibit a signature of a ferrimagnetic transition with a negligible amount of spontaneous magnetization at low temperature.