bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conspiracy theory beliefs in the adolescent population: A systematic review
Authors: Byrne Anthony , Martin David , Jones Claire , Galbraith Niall , Mercer Tom 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionWhile the study of conspiracy theory beliefs is a relatively new research area, there has been a rise in academic interest in recent years. The literature provides evidence of relationships between conspiracy theory beliefs and a range of factors, but the vast majority of studies are limited to adult samples, and it is unclear how such beliefs present in adolescence.MethodsThe systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA‐S format. Relevant databases were searched up to February 23, 2023, for quantitative studies related to adolescent conspiracy theory beliefs.ResultsThe six included articles show that conspiracy theory beliefs are present from the start of adolescence, and stable from age 14 upwards, with correlations reported for mistrust and paranoid thinking. Negative relationships were reported for cognitive factors such as ontological confusion, cognitive ability, and actively open‐minded thinking. Health‐related beliefs correlated with adverse childhood experiences, peer problems, conduct, and sociodemographic factors. Right‐wing authoritarianism and anxiety positively correlated with intergroup conspiracy theory beliefs.ConclusionWhile some factors from adult studies are replicated in the review, there are differences between age groups. The age at which conspiracy theory beliefs begin to form indicate developmental aspects of adolescence, and possibly childhood, that require further examination. Cognitive factors show promise for interventions and should be explored further. However, the lack of studies using adolescent populations is an issue that must be resolved for a greater understanding of conspiracy theory beliefs and a move toward effective interventions.
CYP14 family in Caenorhabditis elegans: Mitochondrial function, detoxification, and lifespan
Authors: Lim Sharoen Yu Ming , Pan Yan , Alshagga Mustafa , Lim Willone , Cin Kong , Alshehade Salah A. , Alshawsh Mohammed 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCYP‐14 members of the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme family, plays important roles in mitochondrial dysfunction, detoxification, lipid metabolism, defense and lifespan regulation. The review identifies CYP‐14 members: cyp‐14A1, cyp‐14A2, cyp‐14A3, cyp‐14A4, cyp‐14A5 and their homology with human CYP families. Despite limited studies on C. elegans cyp‐14 members, the findings unraveled their complex crosstalk between mitochondrial stress, detoxification mechanisms, and lifespan regulation, emphasizing the complexity of these interconnected pathways as well as how their regulation depends on environmental cues changes including pH, nutrients, ROS and chemical stressors. The review underscores the translational relevance to human health, shedding light on potential human homologues and their implications in age‐related, metabolic and respiratory diseases. Among other genes, cyp‐14A2 and cyp‐14A4 predominate the mitochondrial function, heat resistance, lipid metabolism, detoxification and lifespan pathways. In conclusion, these insights pave the way for future research, offering promising avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting CYP‐14 activity to address age‐related diseases and promote healthy aging.
Resolving coupled pH titrations using alchemical free energy calculations
Authors: Wilson Carter J. , de Groot Bert L. , Gapsys Vytautas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn a protein, nearby titratable sites can be coupled: the (de)protonation of one may affect the other. The degree of this interaction depends on several factors and can influence the measured . Here, we derive a formalism based on double free energy differences () for quantifying the individual site values of coupled residues. As values can be obtained by means of alchemical free energy calculations, the presented approach allows for a convenient estimation of coupled residue s in practice. We demonstrate that our approach and a previously proposed microscopic formalism, can be combined with alchemical free energy calculations to resolve pH‐dependent protein values. Toy models and both, regular and constant‐pH molecular dynamics simulations, alongside experimental data, are used to validate this approach. Our results highlight the insights gleaned when coupling and microstate probabilities are analyzed and suggest extensions to more complex enzymatic contexts. Furthermore, we find that naïvely computed values that ignore coupling, can be significantly improved when coupling is accounted for, in some cases reducing the error by half. In short, alchemical free energy methods can resolve the values of both uncoupled and coupled residues.
LRRK2 regulates ferroptosis through the system Xc‐GSH–GPX4 pathway in the neuroinflammatory mechanism of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zheng Zijian , Zhang Shushan , Liu Xinjie , Wang Xiangrong , Xue Cheng , Wu Xiao , Zhang Xinran , Xu Xinping , Liu Zheng , Yao Longping , Lu Guohui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. Neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia and apoptosis of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain are its primary pathological manifestations. Leucine‐rich repeat protein kinase 2 (LRRK2) kinase has been observed to increase expression during neuroinflammation, however, the effect of LRRK2 on microglia activation remains poorly understood. In this study, we have established lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated BV2 cells and 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) models for both in vivo and in vitro investigation. Our data in vivo reveal that LRRK2 can promote microglia activation by regulating ferroptosis and activating nuclear factor‐κB. Inhibition of LRRK2 expression effectively suppressed the LPS‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines and facilitated the secretion of neuroprotective factors. Importantly, by co‐overexpressing LRRK2 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), we identified the system Xc‐GSH–GPX4 pathway as a crucial component in LRRK2‐mediated microglial ferroptosis and inflammatory responses. Using a microglial culture supernatant (MCS) transfer model, we found that inhibiting LRRK2 or downregulating ferroptosis in BV2 cells prevented SH‐SY5Y cell apoptosis. Additionally, we observed abundant expression of LRRK2 and P‐P65 in the midbrain, which was elevated in the MPTP‐induced PD model, along with microglia activation. LRRK2 and P‐P65 expression inhibition with PF‐06447475 attenuated microglia activation in the nigrostriatal dense part of MPTP‐treated mice. Based on our findings, it is evident that LRRK2 plays a critical role in promoting the neuroinflammatory response during the pathogenesis of PD by regulating the system Xc‐GSH–GPX4 pathway. Taken together, our data highlights the potential research and therapeutic value of targeting LRRK2 to regulate neuroinflammatory response in PD through ferroptosis.
Ultrasound analysis of cervical thoracic duct for patients with constrictive pericarditis and chylothorax
Authors: Wang Yingying , Zheng Binyu , Zhao Xiaoning , Chen Qi , Yi Mei , Wen Zhe , Liu Yong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTo analyze ultrasound features of cervical thoracic duct for patients with constrictive pericarditis and chylothorax.MethodsPatients were retrospectively assessed. The patients were divided into a non‐pleural effusion (PE) group (n = 54), a chylothorax group (n = 23), and non‐chylothorax group (n = 28). Conventional ultrasound was used to obtain the maximum inner diameter and collapse of the inferior vena cava, the inner diameter of left cervical thoracic duct, and the frequency of opening of the valve at the end of the left thoracic duct. Contrast ultrasonography was used to score the reverse flow of the thoracic tube.ResultsThe percentage of PE was 48.5%, and the percentage of chylothorax was 21.9%. The three groups had significant differences in five parameters. The inner diameter of left cervical thoracic duct was correlated with the degree of central venous pressure. Contrast ultrasonography was effective in quantitative assessment of the degree of intravenous‐thoracic cord reverse flow which correlated with all parameters of central venous pressure.ConclusionThoracic duct dilation and regurgitation secondary to central venous pressure can lead to chyloreflux disorder and may be the mechanism of chylothorax occurrence in constrictive pericarditis.
Challenge‐based learning implementation in engineering education: A systematic literature review
Authors: Doulougeri Karolina , Vermunt Jan D. , Bombaerts Gunter , Bots Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundChallenge‐based learning (CBL) is a pedagogical approach increasingly adopted in engineering education. Despite its growing practice, there is little consensus in the literature about how CBL is implemented in engineering curricula and what experiences teachers and students have in relation to it.PurposeTo address this gap, the following research questions guided the study: How is CBL currently implemented in engineering education? What difficulties and lessons learned are associated with the implementation of CBL?MethodsWe systematically reviewed the empirical literature published between 2010 and 2021. Forty‐eight empirical studies describing CBL implementation were analyzed using the curricular spider‐web framework.ResultsThe review shows the variation in CBL implementation at the course and project levels. CBL courses and projects shared the use of open‐ended, real‐world challenges as a starting point for student learning. However, they differed in the embeddedness of a challenge in specific courses and the focus of the learning, which ranged across knowledge acquisition, knowledge application, and development of transversal skills. CBL experiences also varied in terms of challenge characteristics, such as the link with global societal challenges, stakeholders' involvement, and multidisciplinarity. Similar difficulties and lessons learned were reported by teachers and students across the different examples of CBL implementation.ConclusionsCBL as a pedagogical approach in engineering education can promote student engagement with complex societal challenges within a real‐world context. However, there are limitations to the review and implications of the findings for educational research and practice.
Individuals' experiences in genetic counseling and predictive testing for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Steigerwald Connolly G. , Bertolini Carina , McElhiney Martin , Bergner Amanda L. , Harms Matthew B. , Harrington Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs clinical genetic testing in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diagnostic setting increases, the identification of at‐risk family members has also expanded. No practice guidelines specifically for predictive genetic testing exist, and few studies about the psychological impacts of testing in this subgroup have occurred, limiting the ability to tailor recommendations and counseling in this community. We surveyed asymptomatic individuals at risk for inheriting an ALS‐associated gene mutation. The 80‐question survey was designed using a combination of validated measures (General Anxiety Disorder; FACToR; Decision Regret Scale) and original items. Ninety participants completed the survey, including those who completed predictive genetic testing (N = 42) and those who did not (N = 48). Gene positive individuals experienced greater negativity, uncertainty, and overall psychological impairment (p = 0.002; p < 0.001; p = 0.001). Individuals who had not undergone testing reported thinking about their risk multiple times per day and experiencing more decisional regret than those who tested (p = 0.006). In terms of decision‐making, being prepared for potential clinical drug trials was a more important potential benefit among those who underwent testing (p = 0.026). Participants valuing preparedness for clinical drug trials supports the concept that genetic testing for ALS will increase as research in gene‐targeted therapeutics progresses. This study describes factors relevant to the genetic testing decision‐making process and adaptation to results from the perspective of at‐risk individuals, which can ultimately guide genetic counseling practice in this population.
Early CAR− CD4+ T‐lymphocytes recovery following CAR‐T cell infusion: A worse outcome in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Gambella Massimiliano , Carlomagno Simona , Mangerini Rosa , Colombo Nicoletta , Parodi Alessia , Ghiggi Chiara , Giannoni Livia , Coviello Elisa , Setti Chiara , Luchetti Silvia , Serio Alberto , Laudisi Antonella , Passannante Monica , Bo Alessandra , Tedone Elisabetta , Sivori Simona , Angelucci Emanuele , Raiola Anna Maria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCAR− CD4+ T cell lymphopenia is an emerging issue following CAR‐T cell therapy. We analyzed the determinants of CD4+ T cell recovery and a possible association with survival in 31 consecutive patients treated with commercial CAR‐T for diffuse large B‐cell (DLBCL) or mantle cell lymphoma. Circulating immune subpopulations were characterized through multiparametric‐flow cytometry. Six‐month cumulative incidence of CAR− CD4+ T cell recovery (≥200 cells/μL) was 0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28–0.65). Among possible determinants of CD4+ T cell recovery, we recognized infusion of a 4‐1BB product (tisagenlecleucel, TSA) in comparison with a CD28 (axicabtagene/brexucabtagene, AXI/BRX) (hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI]: 5.79 [1.16–24.12] p = 0.016). Higher CD4+ T cell counts resulted with TSA at month‐1, ‐2 and ‐3. Moderate‐to‐severe infections were registered with prolonged CD4+ T cell lymphopenia. Early, month‐1 CD4+ T cell recovery was associated with a worse outcome in the DLBCL cohort, upheld in a multivariate regression model for overall survival (HR: 4.46 [95% CI: 1.12–17.71], p = 0.03). We conclude that a faster CAR− CD4+ T cell recovery is associated with TSA as compared to AXI/BRX. Month‐1 CAR− CD4+ T cell subset recovery could represent a “red flag” for CAR‐T cell therapy failure in DLBCL patients.
Interfragmentary compression force and fixation stability of lateral tibial plateau fractures in normal and osteoporotic bones
Authors: Jiang Jiang , Xu Daqiang , Ji Zhenhua , Jia Rui , Wang Fei , Tan Jinchuan , Hong Hong , Li Jianyi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLateral platform collapse in fixations of lateral tibial plateau fractures (TPFs) using either double‐lag screws fixation (DSF) or locking‐plate fixation (LPF) is not rare. This study aimed to explore the effect of enhancing the interfragmentary compression force (IFCF) on fixation stability in lateral TPFs in normal and osteoporotic bones using finite element analysis. Finite element models of DSF in normal bone and LPF in normal and osteoporotic bones were established to simulate the fixations of lateral TPF. After model validation, axial compressive forces of 500, 1000, 1500, and 2500 N to the tibial plateau along with an IFCF of 0, 100, 200, and 300 N were applied. The maximum axial micromotion of the lateral fragment (MAM‐LF), maximal translational micromotion of the lateral fragment (MTM‐LF), peak von Mises stress (VMS), and peak equivalent elastic strain of the lateral fragment (EES‐LF) were evaluated. The MAM‐LF showed a decreasing trend as the IFCF increased in all models. For DSF models, the peak VMS of implants increased as the IFCF increased when the axial loads were 500 and 1000 N. The peak EES‐LF decreased as the IFCF increased under axial loads of 1000, 1500, and 2500 N. For the normal and osteoporotic LPF models, the peak VMS of the implants decreased as the IFCF increased. Peak EES‐LF decreased as IFCF increased. In conclusion, enhancing IFCF was beneficial in improving the fixation stability of lateral TPF. The optimal IFCF for DSF and LPF should be as high as reasonably feasible.
Sedation‐free transnasal esophagoscopy to evaluate and monitor esophageal diseases in children with esophageal atresia‐tracheoesophageal fistula
Authors: Joseph Michael , Corrado Michelle M. , Odiase Eunice , Friedlander Joel A. , Smith Clint , Nguyen Nathalie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPatients with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA‐TEF) are at increased risk of conditions including gastroesophageal reflux, peptic esophagitis, gastric metaplasia, anastomotic strictures, eosinophilic esophagitis, and dysphagia. Patients with TEF‐EA may need serial endoscopy in their lifetime given the known short‐ and long‐term GI complications. There has been increased interest in pediatric unsedated transnasal endoscopy (TNE) as an endoscopic alternative as it is lower cost, has shorter recovery time, and eliminates potential risks associated with anesthesia. We report on the use of TNE with EA‐TEF in four patients: One patient had gastroesophageal reflux disease, one patient had eosinophilic esophagitis and TNE was used for surveillance in two patients. Use of TNE allowed for close endoscopic monitoring and changes in medication management. The third and fourth patients underwent TNE as part of routine EA‐TEF screening which is recommended by societal guidelines (Krishnan et al, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016;63(5):550‐570). Unsedated TNE is an alternative endoscopic approach in the management of patients with EA‐TEF.
An adaptive spacing of root‐zone hole fertilization to improve production and fertilizer utilization of rapeseed
Authors: Chen Hui , Liu Wei , Gao Liping , Liao Yitao , Li Qiang , Liao Qingxi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDRoot‐zone hole fertilization has a positive impact on enhancing crop production and fertilization efficiency. However, a suitable spacing for hole fertilization in rapeseed cultivation is unclear. To explore an adaptive hole spacing for improving rapeseed yield and fertilization efficiency, field experiments were conducted. Four spacings of hole fertilization were designed: 10 (FD10), 20 (FD20), 30 (FD30) and 40 cm (FD40), using no fertilization (F0) and deep‐banded placement of fertilizer (DBP) as controls. The burial depth was 10 cm for FD and DBP treatments.RESULTSCompared to DBP, hole fertilization impacted soil microenvironment, crop growth and yield components, resulting in a significant increase of 28.4% in seed yield and 25.6% in oil yield. Seed yield in FD20 (4345.43 kg ha−1) increased by 4.3%, 9.4% and 15.1% compared to FD10, FD30 and FD40, respectively. Fertilizer partial factor productivity under FD20 was 4.2%, 8.6% and 13.9% greater than FD10, FD30 and FD40, respectively; whereas the increase for agronomic efficiency was 6.0%, 12.7% and 21.0%, and the increase for N recovery efficiency was 39.5%, 52.5% and 62.9%, respectively.CONCLUSIONFertilization with a hole spacing of 17 cm is a promising practice to maintain high production and fertilization efficiency when cultivating rapeseed. These results provide a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for improving rapeseed productivity and fertilizer utilization. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Porous poly(bismaleimide‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres as dispersive solid‐phase extraction adsorbent coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography for the determination of triazine herbicide residues in vegetable samples
Authors: Xu Yang , Bao Jingyi , Ning Yuhan , Wang Weiping , Wang Ai‐jun , Feng Jiu‐ju 
Published: March 2024

In this work, monodisperse and nano‐porous poly(bismaleimide‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres with large specific surface area (427.6 m2/g) and rich pore structure were prepared by one‐pot self‐stable precipitation polymerization of 2,2′‐bis[4‐(4‐maleimidophenoxy) phenyl] propane and divinylbenzene. The prepared poly(bismaleimide‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres were employed as dispersive solid‐phase extraction (DSPE) adsorbent for the extraction of triazine herbicides. Under optimized conditions, good linearities were obtained between the peak area and the concentration of triazine herbicides in the range of 1–400 µg/L (R2 ≥ 0.9987) with the limits of detection of 0.12–0.31 µg/L. Triazine herbicides were detected using the described approach in vegetable samples (i.e., cucumber, tomato, and maize) with recoveries of 93.6%–117.3% and relative standard deviations of 0.4%–3.5%. In addition, the recoveries of triazine herbicides remained above 80.7% after being used for nine DSPE cycles, showing excellent reusability of poly(bismaleimide‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres. The adsorption of poly(bismaleimide‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres toward triazine herbicides was a monolayer and chemical adsorption. The adsorption mechanism between triazine herbicides and adsorbents might be a combination of hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, and π‐π conjugation. The results confirmed the potential use of the poly(bismaleimide‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres‐based DSPE coupled to the high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the detection of triazine herbicide residues in vegetable samples.
Kinematic viscosity prediction of jet fuels and alternative blending components via comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography, partial least squares, and Yeo‐Johnson transformation
Authors: Caceres‐Martinez Louis Edwards , Kilaz Gozdem 
Published: March 2024

This work presents an accurate yet simplified partial least squares model to predict the kinematic viscosity of conventional and alternative jet fuels at −20°C using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC × GC/FID). Three different normalization methods (mean‐centering, logarithmic, and Yeo‐Johnson) were evaluated to identify their impact in the prediction of middle distillates’ physical properties. Results using Yeo‐Johnson transformation exhibited improved viscosity prediction capabilities over the validation set with a mean absolute percentage error of 5.3%, a root‐mean‐squared error of 0.23, and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9404 using only 10 latent variables. Unlike previously reported correlations, this model allowed the identification of specific hydrocarbon groups and carbon numbers that drive jet fuel viscosity at low temperatures. The presence of even small amounts of large branched‐alkanes (C15–C17), dicyclic‐alkanes (C10), and cycloaromatics (C11) have the potential to strongly increase the kinematic viscosity of jet fuels. Contrastingly, light monocycloalkanes and branched‐alkanes (≤ C10) were associated with lower viscosity values. Novelly, this model suggests the implementation of Yeo‐Johnson transformations to predict the physical properties of middle distillates to further improve the performance metrics of partial least squares models based on GC data.