bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competing kinetic pathways in the bromine addition to allylic ethers in 1,2‐dichloroethane: Opposite temperature effects
Authors: Cecchi Alessandro , Bartalucci Giuditta , Chiappe Cinzia , Bianchini Roberto 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of the electrophilic bromination of three allylic ethers in a nonprotic solvent, 1,2‐dichloroethane, has been investigated. Two of them followed a prevalent second‐order pathway, while the third one exhibited a classical, clean third order. The second‐order pathway in the first two olefins is attributed to electrophilic assistance of the ethereal oxygen to the attacking bromine molecule. In the molecular bromination of 2,4‐cis‐dimethyl‐8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]‐6‐octen‐3‐cis‐ol, opposite temperature dependences were found for the two different kinetic pathways. An exoergonic process for the second‐order reaction was explained by the lesser stability of the bromiranium–bromide ionic intermediate, compared to the bromiranium–tribromide in the third‐order profile. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 39: 197–203, 2007
The effect of knowledge protection, knowledge ambiguity, and relational capital on alliance performance
Authors: Lee Shu‐Cheng , Chang Shao‐Nung , Liu Chang‐Yung , Yang Jie 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of knowledge protection, knowledge ambiguity, and relational capital on alliance performance of 95 Taiwan‐based companies. The results show that knowledge protection exerts significant positive effect on knowledge ambiguity and relational capital and relational capital mediates the relationship between knowledge ambiguity and alliance performance. This paper concludes with a discussion of the implications and limitations of the research. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of skin temperature on lesion size in fractional photothermolysis
Authors: Laubach Hans , Chan Henry H. , Rius Francisca , Anderson R. Rox , Manstein Dieter 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFractional photothermolysis is a new concept in cutaneous re‐modeling whereby laser‐induced microscopic zones of thermal injury (MTZ—Microscopic Treatment Zones) are surrounded by normal, viable tissue. This unique thermal damage pattern allows re‐epithelialization in less than 24 hours. To increase patient comfort level during the procedure of fractional photothermolysis, simultaneous skin cooling has been proposed and is now extensively used. The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the influence of skin temperature on the diameter of the epidermal microthermal zone and the extent of thermal injury per unit area. The determination of the changes in these parameters that are due to skin temperature will allow the better control and understanding of fractional photothermolysis at different skin temperatures.Materials and MethodsFractional photothermolysis was performed with a 1,550 nm fiber laser (Fraxel SR® Laser) with 10 mJ per pulse on full‐thickness cadaver skin. The skin samples were brought prior to exposure to temperatures that ranged from 0 to 45°C. The epidermis of the skin samples was separated by dispase treatment, stained for thermal damage by NBTC stain, and lesion diameter was assessed by a blinded investigator.ResultsThe average MTZ diameter exhibits a positive, linear relationship with skin temperature (R2 = 0.904, P < 0.0001). As the skin temperature increases from 0 to 45°C. The MTZ diameter increases from 93 to 147 µm (58%), and the MTZ area from 6,870 to 17,050 µm2 (148%).ConclusionThe skin temperature affects the size of epidermal MTZs during fractional photothermolysis and is an important variable factor. The use of simultaneous skin cooling increases patient comfort; however, as it also decreases MTZ size, it may interfere with treatment efficacy. The control of skin temperature is necessary to provide a consistent outcome and to be able to compare treatments. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:14–18, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Facile Approach to Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotube/Poly(allylamine) Nanocomposites
Authors: Kim Jong‐Boem , Premkumar Thathan , Lee Kyungjae , Geckeler Kurt E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA facile approach to polymer nanocomposites with single‐wall carbon nanotubes and cationic polymers is reported. The composite material was synthesized by producing carboxylic acid groups at the nanotube termini followed by a reaction with poly(allylamine) in water. Fourier transform infrared spectral and thermogravimetric analyses corroborate that the poly(allylamine) chains were wrapped on the surface of the carbon nanotubes. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image shows that the nanotubes were dispersed with little aggregation, thus, strongly suggesting that the poly(allylamine) chains have covered the single‐wall carbon nanotubes, which was further evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. The composites are soluble in water, and this solubilization process opens up new opportunities in the solution chemistry on pristine nanotubes.magnified image
Preparation of Polyaniline Nanotubes via “Thin Glass Tubes Template” Approach and its Gas Response
Authors: Gao Yu , Yao Shuang , Gong Jian , Qu Lunyu 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPANI nanotubes were successfully prepared by using thin glass tubes as a single template in the presence of H4SiW12O40 and ammonium persulfate, which were used as dopant and oxidant, respectively, in this system. The structure and morphology of the PANI were characterized by IR spectrum, XRD pattern, SEM images, and TEM images. The inner diameter of PANI nanotubes was between 50 and 100 nm. This method employed here was a simple and effective way to prepare multifunctional PANI nanotubes. The gas response of the PANI nanotubes to a series of chemical vapors such as NH3, N2H4, and (C2H5)3N was studied. The results indicate that the PANI nanotubes show superior performance as chemical sensor.magnified image
13C NMR spectroscopy of some third‐generation cephalosporins, their synthetic intermediaries and reaction byproducts
Authors: López Miguel A. , Rodríguez Zalua , González Maritza , Tolón Blanca , Avila Rizette , Rodríguez Juan C. , Vélez‐Castro Hermán , Fini Adamo 
Published: January 2007

Abstract13C NMR spectroscopic data for 25 cephalosporin derivatives were assigned by combination of one‐ and two‐dimensional experiments. The effect of the substitution at C‐3, C‐7 and C‐4 acid group positions on the chemical shifts of the cephem nucleus is discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triple‐stimulation technique in multifocal neuropathy with conduction block
Authors: Deroide Nicolas , Uzenot David , Verschueren Annie , Azulay Jean‐Philippe , Pouget Jean , Attarian Shahram 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn patients with multifocal neuropathy with conduction block (CB), CBs located between the root and Erb's point are not detected in nerve conduction studies. We therefore examined whether the triple‐stimulation technique (TST) might provide a useful means of detecting CB proximal to Erb's point. Clinical assessments, extensive nerve conduction studies (NCS), conventional transcranial magnetic stimulation, and TST were performed on 10 patients with multifocal motor neuropathy with CB (MMNCB) and 6 patients with Lewis–Sumner syndrome. Conduction blocks located proximal to Erb's point were detected in 9 patients. Of the CBs, 58% were associated with muscle weakness. The use of TST to detect proximal CB improved the sensitivity of the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine criteria for definite or probable MMNCB from 60% to 90%. Thus, the TST is a useful means for detection of proximal CB and gives NCS considerable additional diagnostic power. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Laparoscopic versus open colposuspension for urodynamic stress incontinence
Authors: Tan Emile , Tekkis Paris P. , Cornish Julie , Teoh Tiong G. , Darzi Ara W. , Khullar Vik 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAimsLaparoscopic colposuspension aims to alleviate urodynamic stress incontinence whilst minimizing operative morbidity and mortality.The present study compared laparoscopic to open surgery with regards to short‐term outcomes.MethodsMeta‐analysis of comparative studies published between 1995 and 2006 of laparoscopic versus open colposuspension was performed. End points evaluated were operative outcomes and subjective/objective cure. A random‐effect model was used and sensitivity analysis performed to account for bias in patient selection.ResultsSixteen studies matched the selection criteria, reporting on 1,807 patients, of whom 861 (47.6%) underwent laparoscopic and 946 (52.4%) underwent open colposuspension length of hospital stay (WMD = −1.52 days, CI = −2.08, −0.96 days) and return to normal life (WMD = −1.51 weeks, CI = −3.02, 0.01 weeks) were significantly reduced following laparoscopic surgery. These findings remained consistent on sensitivity analysis. Bladder injuries occurred more often in the laparoscopic group (OR = 2.23, CI = 1.11, 4.50), but only with marginal statistical significance. Comparable bladder injury rates were found when studies were matched for quality, year, and randomized trials. Cure rates were similar between the two procedures at 2 years follow‐up.ConclusionLaparoscopic colposuspension results in a significant reduction in hospital stay and earlier return to work, with a possible increased risk of bladder injury. When performed by appropriately experienced surgeons it may be a safe option with advantages for the patient, but further randomized controlled trials should be undertaken to evaluate continence in the longer term at 5 years. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:158–169, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins are regulated by tumour necrosis factor‐α in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Gordon GJ , Mani M , Mukhopadhyay L , Dong L , Yeap BY , Sugarbaker DJ , Bueno R 
Published: January 2007

AbstractInhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are overexpressed by most neoplasms and promote tumour cell survival after a wide variety of apoptotic stimuli elicited via intrinsic (ie mitochondrial) and extrinsic (ie death receptor) pathways. It has previously been reported that one of these proteins, IAP‐1(MIHC/cIAP2), is overexpressed in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and is responsible for a large degree of the resistance of cultured MPM cells to cisplatin. Subsequent analysis in a larger number of human tumours revealed that additional IAPs (eg IAP‐2/MIHB/cIAP1, livin/ML‐IAP/KIAP, survivin, and XIAP/MIHA/hILP) are also overexpressed in MPM and, with the exception of IAP‐2, have expression patterns that correlate with prognosis. In the present study, potential regulatory mechanisms of IAP genes in MPM were investigated and it was found that tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) can increase mRNA and protein levels of IAP‐1, IAP‐2, and XIAP, but not livin or survivin in MPM cell lines (n = 4). It was also found that IAP gene expression levels are increased concomitantly with translocation to the nucleus of the TNF‐responsive transcription factor NF‐κB. Co‐incubation of MPM cells with TNF‐α and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an NF‐κB inhibitor, prevented TNF‐mediated up‐regulation of IAP gene expression levels. In survival studies, TNF‐α was not toxic to MPM cells at any concentration examined. However, MPM cells exposed to TNF‐α were twice as resistant to cisplatin in dose response survival assays compared with unstimulated controls and were found to have a significantly greater fraction of surviving cells at multiple cisplatin concentrations (p < 0.0087). Finally, it was found that levels of circulating TNF‐α were statistically significantly (p = 0.031) (median 312.5 pg/ml) higher in MPM patients (n = 6) prior to surgical tumour debulking compared with those after surgery (median 0 pg/ml). These results when combined with previous observations by our laboratory and others strongly suggest that IAPs act synergistically with TNF family members to promote survival of MPM tumour cells after exposure to cisplatin and possibly other chemotherapeutic drugs. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivation and risk of sequelae in Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Pollono Daniel , Rey Guadalupe , Latella Antonio , Rosso Diego , Chantada Guillermo , Braier Jorge 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate disease reactivation in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and its impact on adverse sequelae.Materials and MethodsA retrospective evaluation of 300 patients diagnosed with LCH between 1987 and 2002 with complete response to initial treatment was performed.ResultsMean age at diagnosis was 5.3 years. With a mean follow‐up of 4.8 years, reactivation of the disease occurred in 29.7% (89/300) of the patients, with two or more reactivations in 34.8% (31/89) of those. Reactivation occurred in 17.4, 36.8, 46.5, and 53.5% of the patients with single‐system unifocal disease (Group A: 161 patients), single‐system multifocal disease (Group B: 53 patients), multi‐system disease without (Group C: 58 patients), and with (Group D: 28 patients) risk‐organ involvement, respectively. The differences between the incidence rates of Groups A and B (P < 0.0004), A and C (P < 0.0001), and A and D (P < 0.0001) were highly significant. The most common reactivation sites involved were bone, middle ear, and skin; reactivation was rare in risk organs (9.5%). The median time between initial complete response and the first reactivation episode was 1 year for Group A, 1.3 years for Group B, and 9 months for Groups C and D. Most reactivation episodes (88%) occurred within the first 2 years of follow‐up. Adverse sequelae were recognized in 242/300 patients: 71% (49/69) of patients with and 25.4% (44/173) without reactivations developed these adverse sequelae (P < 0.0001), respectively. Sites most commonly showing sequelae were bone, middle ear, and hypothalamus (Diabetes Insipidus).ConclusionsIncidence of reactivation correlates with the stage of the disease at diagnosis. Incidence of sequelae correlates with the occurrence of reactivations. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:696–699. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The risk of coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetic patients exposed to thiazolidinediones compared to metformin and sulfonylurea therapy
Authors: Johannes Catherine B. , Koro Carol E. , Quinn Sherry G. , Cutone Jennifer A. , Seeger John D. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate whether the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) differs among adult diabetic patients treated with thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and similar patients treated with combined oral metformin and sulfonylurea (M + S) therapy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 25 140 diabetic patients aged 18 and older who had at least one pharmacy claim for a TZD or combined M + S therapy between 1 January 1999 and 30 June 2002. We used propensity score matching to adjust for observable differences between initiators of combined M + S therapy and TZD initiators. The data were analyzed in two ways: first based on the original matched groups, ‘as balanced’, without accounting for switching to another medication during follow‐up, and second based on actual antidiabetic drug use during follow‐up, ‘as treated’. Cox proportional hazards regression and multivariable Poisson regression were performed to compare the risk of CHD events.ResultsIn the ‘as balanced’ analysis, the risk for CHD among TZD users relative to combination drug users was close to the null value (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.02, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.87–1.20). In the ‘as treated’ analysis, the risk of CHD was similar for periods of current use of TZDs compared to periods of non‐use (incidence rate ratio: 1.10, 95%CI: 0.96–1.25).ConclusionsThese results do not suggest a cardioprotective or deleterious effects of TZDs compared with combined M + S oral therapy on the short‐term CHD event risk in persons with type 2 diabetes after accounting for the greater baseline CHD risk in TZD initiators. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volume phase transition temperature tuning and investigation of the swelling–deswelling oscillation of responsive microgels
Authors: Li Xin , Zuo Ju , Guo Yanling , Cai Libo , Tang Shuo , Yang Weiben 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTemperature‐ and pH‐responsive polyampholyte microgels were prepared by an aqueous dispersion polymerization. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) were employed for the characterization of the morphology and size distribution of the microgels. Temperature‐ and pH‐dependent volume phase transitions of the polyampholyte microgels were also investigated using DLS. The microgels showed an interesting swelling–deswelling oscillatory behavior when the pH was varied. An interpretation was proposed for the phenomenon in terms of Coulombic repulsion and hydrophobic hydration. It is of great interest that the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of the polyampholyte microgels can be varied by changing the pH. This could be a convenient approach for tuning the VPTT of N‐isopropylacrylamide‐based hydrogels. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Incorporation of carbon nanotubes into polyethylene by high energy ball milling: Morphology and physical properties
Authors: Gorrasi Giuliana , Sarno Maria , Di Bartolomeo Antonio , Sannino Diana , Ciambelli Paolo , Vittoria Vittoria 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHigh energy ball milling (HEBM) was utilized, as an innovative process, to incorporate carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a polyethylene (PE) matrix avoiding: high temperatures, solvents, ultrasonication, chemical modification of carbon nanotubes. Composites with 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 wt % of carbon nanotubes were prepared. Films were obtained melting the powders in a hot press. Morphology and physical properties (thermal, mechanical, electrical properties) were evaluated. The used processing conditions allowed to obtain a satisfactory level of dispersion of CNTs into the PE matrix with a consequent improvement of the physical properties of the samples. The thermal degradation was significantly delayed already with 1–2% wt of CNTs. The mechanical properties resulted greatly improved for low filler content (up to 3% wt). The electrical measurements showed a percolation threshold in the range 1–3 wt % of CNTs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 597–606, 2007
Isothermal crystallization behaviors of isotactic polypropylene nucleated with α/β compounding nucleating agents
Authors: Zhang Yue‐Fei , Xin Zhong 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSodium 2,2′‐methylene‐bis(4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl) phosphate (NA40) and N,N‐dicyclohexylterephthalamide (NABW) are high effective nucleating agents for inducing the formation of α‐isotactic polypropylene (α‐iPP) and β‐iPP, respectively. The isothermal crystallization kinetics of iPP nucleated with nucleating agents NABW, NA40/NABW (weight ratio of NA40 to NABW is 1:1) and NA40 were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Avrami equation was adopted to analyze the experimental data. The results show that the addition of NABW, NA40/NABW and NA40 can shorten crystallization half‐time (t1/2) and increase crystallization rate of iPP greatly. In these three nucleating agents, the α nucleating agent NA40 can shorten t1/2 of iPP by the largest extent, which indicates that it has the best nucleation effect. While iPP nucleated with NA40/NABW compounding nucleating agents has shorter t1/2 than iPP nucleated with NABW. The Avrami exponents of iPP and nucleated iPP are close to 3.0, which indicates that the addition of nucleating agents doesn't change the crystallization growth patterns of iPP under isothermal conditions and the crystal growth is heterogeneous three‐dimensional spherulitic growth. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 590–596, 2007
Elastic instability of slip traces in oxidized thin foils
Authors: Youssef Sami , Fnaiech Mustapha , Bonnet Roland 
Published: January 2007

AbstractParallel slip traces are often observed in transmission electron microscopy of oxidized and deformed thin foils, but apparently they have not been reported for foils with thicknesses less than a few tens of nanometers. This situation can be explained by an elastic instability of a dislocation dipole for foil thicknesses lower than a critical threshold value. This value is derived from the knowledge of the elastic field of a dislocation in a three‐layer laminated medium and the minimization of the elastic potential energy of the thin foil. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Towards a more systematic analysis of uncertain user–product interactions in product development: an enhanced user–product interaction framework
Authors: Lu Yuan , den Ouden Elke , Brombacher Aarnout , Geudens Wim , Hartmann Herman 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFor highly innovative products the actual product use is often very uncertain. However, the uncertainty/variability in product use and its impact on product reliability has rarely been explored. The mismatch between the anticipated product use and the actual product use can lead to considerable unexpected technical and non‐technical reliability risks. However, traditional reliability management techniques focus primarily on managing technical reliability risks. This situation results in an increasing amount of no‐fault‐found or fault‐not‐found reports in the highly innovative consumer electronics (CE) industry. Under the time‐to‐market pressure, it is increasingly important to take into consideration the significant factors that determine product use in the early product development process. In the Software Reliability Engineering (SRE) framework, a top‐down approach (operational profile) is used to analyse the product use. However, an operational profile cannot be directly applied to analyse product use for CE products due to the differences between the reliability of software products and that of CE products. This paper proposes an enhanced framework to structurally analyse unexpected user–product interactions for highly innovative CE products. In this framework, the product, user and environmental conditions are used to analyse user–product interactions. This framework has been implemented to analyse user–product interactions by using data from a consumer test of a highly innovative CE product. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MÜLLER’S QUESTION ON SEMI-PERFECT COMPLETE HEREDITARY NOETHERIAN PRIME RINGS
Authors: Ánh Pham Ngoc , Herbera Dolors 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA positive answer to a question of Müller is given: any semi-perfect complete hereditary Noetherian prime ring $R$ has a weakly symmetric self-duality sending every ideal $I$ to its cycle-neighbour $X$. Consequently, the factor rings $R/I$ and $R/X$ are isomorphic without using the 1984 results of Dischinger and Müller.
A COUNTEREXAMPLE TO A CONTINUED FRACTION CONJECTURE
Authors: Short Ian 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIt is known that if $a\in\mathbb{C}\setminus(-\infty,-\tfrac14]$ and $a_n\to a$ as $n\to\infty$, then the infinite continued fraction with coefficients $a_1,a_2,\dots$ converges. A conjecture has been recorded by Jacobsen et al., taken from the unorganized portions of Ramanujan’s notebooks, that if $a\in(-\infty,-\tfrac14)$ and $a_n\to a$ as $n\to\infty$, then the continued fraction diverges. Counterexamples to this conjecture for each value of $a$ in $(-\infty,-\tfrac14)$ are provided. Such counterexamples have already been constructed by Glutsyuk, but the examples given here are significantly shorter and simpler.