bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of serum IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10 levels with clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: NAČINOVIĆ‐DULETIĆ A. , ŠTIFTER S. , DVORNIK Š. , ŠKUNCA Ž. , JONJIĆ NIVES 
Published: July 2007

SummaryCytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of lymphomas. This study aimed to determine the relationship(s) between serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10, measured by enzyme‐immunoassay, and the clinical characteristics and outcomes in 46 untreated patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Serum IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10 levels were higher in DLBCL patients than in control subjects. Elevated levels of IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10 correlated with more adverse disease features. Consequently, patients with elevated IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10 levels prior to treatment had a lower response to therapy. Furthermore, those with elevated IL‐6 and IL‐10 levels had poor median, 3‐year and 5‐year survival, while elevated serum IL‐8 level did not correlate with overall survival. Worse survival was also confirmed in patients with combined elevated pretreatment serum levels of IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10 (none, one, two or three elevated). Multivariate analysis identified elevated values of IL‐6 and IL‐10 and response to therapy as significant predictors for overall survival. Serum levels of IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10 before treatment of patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL may give some insight into the possible prognosis and thus facilitate the decisions regarding therapeutic approaches for individual patients.
A Call for Statistical Reform in EAQ
Authors: Byrd Jimmy K. 
Published: July 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review research published by Educational Administration Quarterly (EAQ ) during the past 10 years to determine if confidence intervals and effect sizes were being reported as recommended by the American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual . Research Design: The author examined 49 volumes of the journal, which included 245 articles from the most recent 10-year time frame. As the debate on statistical reform is focused on reporting confidence intervals and properly interpreting p values and null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST), the author examined all empirical studies from the 10-year time frame to determine if confidence intervals were included in the results and, if so, interpreted correctly. Because effect size measures are, alongside confidence intervals, at the heart of statistical reform goals in psychology, the author also examined effect-size practices in EAQ. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were utilized to report the findings of the analysis. Findings: The results of the descriptive analysis indicated that effect sizes were being reported in the majority of quantitative studies with limited interpretation. In contrast, no quantitative study examined from the 10-year time frame reported confidence intervals, despite the recommendations of the APA Task Force on Statistical Inference and guidelines outlined in the most recent edition of the APA Publication Manual . Recommendations for statistical reform in reporting quantitative results in EAQ are presented, and future direction is discussed.
Academic Drift, Institutional Production, and Professional Distribution of Graduate Degrees in Educational Leadership
Authors: Baker Bruce D. , Orr Margaret Terry , Young Michelle D. 
Published: July 2007

Purpose: This article sheds light on some basic questions about the distribution of educational leadership preparation degree programs among different types of institutions and the distribution of advanced degrees, by type, exploring change over time and the relationship to regional labor market estimates.Method: We used data from five major national data sets (Institutional Postsecondary Education Data System, Survey of Earned Doctorates, Schools and Staffing Survey, National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data, and Census data) to explore the production of graduate degrees in educational leadership by institutions of higher education and the distribution of graduate degrees across building level leaders in K-12 public education systems. We used two institutional classification systems— the Carnegie Classification and the U.S. News & World Report higher education classification—to group postsecondary institutions by resources and rank. The time period for our analysis is 1990 to 2003.Findings: On the production side, we found that the number of graduate degree programs and degrees granted in educational leadership increased considerably from 1993 to 2003, with master's degree programs increasing by 16% and the number of master's degrees granted increasing by 90%. Degree production shifted by institutional type, with the role of research universities in producing master's, specialist, and doctoral degrees declining dramatically and Comprehensive colleges and universities showing over a four-fold increase in the share. Degree production fluctuates widely among states, unrelated to school population estimates, suggesting areas for further research and policy analysis.
Community-Based Care Model for High-Risk Adults with Severe Disabilities
Authors: Naylor Mary D. , Hill-Milbourne Veronica R. , Knoble Sefi R. , Robinson Keith M. , Bowles Kathryn H. , Maislin Greg 
Published: July 2007

Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of a home-based intervention for adults with serious physical disabilities at high risk for poor health outcomes. Design: A pretest/post-test design; content analysis of case studies. Setting: Five-county Philadelphia metropolitan area. Patients and Other Participants: Forty-nine community-dwelling adults aged 20—55. Intervention: Six-month comprehensive care management intervention implemented by Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) focused on improvement of functional status or prevention of functional decline; management of health problems; and enhancement of self-direction of care by subjects and caregivers. Main Outcome Measures: Functional status; total hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) and acute care physician visits; symptom management; depression; quality of life; and satisfaction with care. Results: Between baseline assessment and nine months post-APN intervention, functional status improved (mean = 33.42 → 24.97, p = 0.014). There was a trend toward reductions in average hospitalization rate from 1.10 at baseline to 0.68 nine months post-APN intervention and ED rates from 0.90 to 0.50. Acute care visits to physicians increased from 0.52 to 0.95 from baseline to nine months post-APN intervention. The use of home health aides (mean = 2.72 → 1.37, p = 0.008) and physical therapists (mean = 1.16 → 0.42, p = 0.001) also decreased from baseline to nine months post-APN intervention. Facilitators and barriers to care are identified. Conclusions: Findings suggest potential benefit of a comprehensive, individualized intervention coordinated by APNs in improving health and functional outcomes and decreasing the use of
Ventilation patterns in red kangaroos (Macropus rufusDesmarest): juveniles work harder than adults at thermal extremes, but extract more oxygen per breath at thermoneutrality
Authors: Munn Adam J. , Dawson Terence J. , Maloney Shane K. 
Published: July 2007

SUMMARYJuvenile mortalities in large mammals are usually associated with environmental extremes, but the basis for this vulnerability is often unclear. Because of their high surface area to volume ratio, juveniles are expected to suffer greater thermal stresses relative to adults. Coping with thermal stress requires the ventilatory system to accommodate increases in oxygen demand and respiratory water loss at thermal extremes. Because juveniles are smaller than adults, these demands may set up different constraints on their ventilatory system. Using red kangaroos (Macropus rufus Desmarest), an arid zone species, we compared the ventilatory capabilities of juveniles and adults at thermoneutral (25°C) and extreme (–5°C and 45°C) ambient temperatures. We used an allometry to compare juvenile to adult ventilation,using predicted body mass scaling exponents for oxygen consumption (0.75),respiration rate (–0.25), tidal volume (1.0), ventilation rate (0.75)and oxygen extraction (0.0). At ambient 25°C, the juveniles' resting metabolic rate was 1.6 times that of the mature females (ml min–1 kg–0.75), accommodated by significantly higher levels of oxygen extraction of 21.4±1.8%versus 16.6±1.9% (P&lt;0.05). At thermal extremes,juveniles showed typical mammalian responses in their ventilation, mirrored by that of adults, including higher metabolic and ventilation rates at ambient–5°C and shallow panting at 45°C. However, at thermal extremes the juvenile kangaroos needed to work harder than adults to maintain their body temperature, with higher rates of ventilation at ambient –5°C and 45°C, accomplished via larger breaths at –5°C and higher respiratory rates at 45°C.
Modelling of Radiation Damage in Fe-Cr Alloys
Authors: Malerba L. , Terentyev D. A. , Bonny G. , Barashev A. V. , Bjorkas C. , Juslin N. , Nordlund K. , Domain C. , Olsson P. , Sandberg N. , Wallenius J. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
High-Cr ferritic/martensitic steels are being considered as structural materials for a large number of future nuclear applications, from fusion to accelerator-driven systems and GenIV reactors. Fe-Cr alloys can be used as model materials to investigate some of the mechanisms governing their microstructure evolution under irradiation and its correlation to changes in their macroscopic properties. Focusing on these alloys, we show an example of how the integration of computer simulation and theoretical models can provide keys for the interpretation of a host of relevant experimental observations. In particular we show that proper accounting for two basic features of these alloys, namely, the existence of a fairly strong attractive interaction between self-interstitials and Cr atoms and of a mixing enthalpy that changes sign from negative to positive around 8 to 10 % Cr, is a necessary and, to a certain extent, sufficient condition to rationalize and understand their behavior under irradiation. These features have been revealed by ab initio calculations, are supported by experimental evidence, and have been adequately transferred into advanced empirical interatomic potentials, which have been and are being used for the simulation of damage production, defect behavior, and phase transformation in these alloys. The results of the simulations have been and are being used to parameterize models capable of extending the description of radiation effects to scales beyond the reach of molecular dynamics. The present paper intends to highlight the most important achievements and results of this research activity.
Full-scale Flexural Strength Testing for Stone Cladding Design
Authors: Naggatz Steven G. , Gerns Edward A. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Beginning with the Industrial Revolution and rapidly increasing following World War II, building cladding systems changed dramatically. Exterior wall construction that had previously consisted of thick mass masonry evolved into contemporary curtain wall systems. As curtain wall systems evolved, the economics of reducing the thickness of curtain wall components became more important. The use of thin stone veneers on buildings in the modern era was not associated with increased knowledge of stone material properties based on testing and research. Rather, the reduction in thickness is attributable to advancements in fabrication technology, economy in construction, and a rational approach to design of veneer systems. This paper will discuss the evolution of the use of stone in curtain wall systems and the associated ASTM standards for building stone. Early ASTM standards for building stone were limited to tests used to evaluate the compression strength of stone which was consistent for mass bearing walls of the early 20th century. As stone was increasingly used more as a veneer, standards for modulus of rupture (ASTM C 99) were introduced. As systems continued to evolve, flexural strength (ASTM C 880) was introduced to address material variability. The evolution of ASTM C 880 included increasing specimen width to further incorporate variability of the stone. Recently, the authors have introduced full panel testing in the design and evaluation process. This paper will present data and discuss the differences in test results for three case studies where both ASTM C 880 specimens and full panel flexural strength testing was performed. The focus of this section will be to discuss the implications of performing full-size panel testing in addition to ASTM C 880 standard specimen testing on design of stone cladding systems for tall building construction as a natural evolution of the design and evaluation process for thin stone cladding systems.
Characteristics That Affect the Integrity of Existing Thin Stone Cladding
Authors: Lewis Michael D. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Prestigious structures began using thin natural stone panels as wall cladding to give them historic character in the late 1960s. Easier fabrication methods increased stone production and enabled larger, thinner panels that were lightweight. Unfortunately, engineering and testing did not keep pace. Inadequate initial evaluation of material durability and panel strength resulted in varying degrees of distress developing in some claddings. Because early stone cladding was installed with little structural analysis, current evaluation should predict capability by checking characteristics initial engineering likely ignored. Comprehending all characteristics that affect the integrity of thin stone cladding must be the objective of a responsible maintenance program. The program must evolve with each evaluation’s findings to adapt to the specifics of that building and its changes over time. Maintaining the safety of a building’s skin is essential to extending the service life of the whole structure. Verifying safety requires more than a cursory visual check for exposed elements to find them before they fall. In the past, stone cladding was completely removed from too many structures that experienced distress. Some evaluations misunderstood or misdiagnosed affect of distress on integrity. They failed to investigate some characteristics, or did not relate others, yielding an incomplete assessment. Adding evaluation of characteristics common to traditional structural assessment to a cladding program adds rigor and objectivity, avoiding misdiagnosis and unjustified expense. In rare cases, remove-and-replace-all may still be required, but only if gross problems exist with support. However, in most cases, an appropriate program will not only identify the parts creating the highest risk, but the program can prescribe selective replacement instead of complete recladding as a long-term remedy.
Cloning
Authors: Murdoch Alison 
Published: July 2007

Key content

Reproductive cloning is prohibited in the United Kingdom and there is legislation banning it in some other countries.
The therapeutic potential of being able to grow unlimited supplies of functioning, differentiated cells of different types is immense.
One possible application in gynaecology might be to use cell‐based therapies to replace the endometrium and to treat myometrial scars and bladder wall or vaginal deficiencies.
A licence to undertake somatic cell nuclear transfer for the derivation of stem cells was granted in the UK in 2004 and the first blastocyst described in 2005.
One potential way of obtaining oocytes might be to ask women undergoing in vitro fertilisation to donate some of theirs.

Learning objectives

To learn about the moral and ethical issues surrounding human cloning.
To be aware of the potential use of cloning in gynaecology.
To be informed about the current research.

Ethical issues

How can oocytes be obtained without risk to the donor?
Is it ethical to pay women to donate oocytes?

Please cite this article as: Murdoch A. Cloning. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2007;9:177–180.
Puerperal genital haematoma: a commonly missed diagnosis
Authors: Mawhinney Sandra , Holman Ruth 
Published: July 2007

Key content

Although uncommon, puerperal genital haematomas can be associated with serious maternal morbidity.
An abnormally high level of perineal pain following childbirth is a hallmark symptom.
The primary aims of treatment are to prevent further blood loss and correct hypovolaemia.
There is debate regarding the optimal management of genital haematoma.

Learning objectives

To understand the aetiology of puerperal genital haematoma.
To recognise the signs and symptoms and know how they are classified according to their location.
To learn about the most appropriate methods of treatment.

Ethical issues

How should we choose the most appropriate treatment when research on the condition is scarce?
Should resources be used to ensure interventional radiology services are available to all maternity units?

Please cite this article as: Mawhinney S, Holman R. Puerperal genital haematoma: a commonly missed diagnosis. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2007;9:195–200.
The Interaction of the Wnt and Notch Pathways Modulates Natural Killer Versus T Cell Differentiation
Authors: Aoyama Keisuke , Delaney Colleen , Varnum-Finney Barbara , Kohn Aimee D. , Moon Randall T. , Bernstein Irwin D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe Wnt and Notch signaling pathways have been independently shown to play a critical role in regulating hematopoietic cell fate decisions. We previously reported that induction of Notch signaling in human CD34+CD38− cord blood cells by culture with the Notch ligand Delta1 resulted in more cells with T or natural killer (NK) lymphoid precursor phenotype. Here, we show that addition of Wnt3a to Delta1 further increased the percentage of CD34−CD7+ and CD34−CD7+cyCD3+ cells with increased expression of CD3ε and preTα. In contrast, culture with Wnt3a alone did not increase generation of CD34−CD7+ precursors or expression of CD3ε or preTα gene. Furthermore, Wnt3a increased the amount of activated Notch1, suggesting that Wnt modulates Notch signaling by affecting Notch protein levels. In contrast, addition of a Wnt signaling inhibitor to Delta1 increased the percentage of CD56+ NK cells. Overall, these results demonstrate that regulation of Notch signaling by the Wnt pathway plays a critical role in differentiation of precursors along the early T or NK differentiation pathways.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Nitric Oxide Donor Upregulation of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1/Chemokine (CXC Motif) Receptor 4 Enhances Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Migration into Ischemic Brain After Stroke
Authors: Cui Xu , Chen Jieli , Zacharek Alex , Li Yi , Roberts Cynthia , Kapke Alissa , Savant-Bhonsale Smita , Chopp Michael 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1) and its chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4), along with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), regulate bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) migration. We tested the hypothesis that a nitric oxide donor, DETA-NONOate, increases endogenous ischemic brain SDF1 and BMSC CXCR4 and MMP9 expression, which promotes BMSC migration into ischemic brain and thereby enhances functional outcome after stroke. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), and 24 hours later, the following were intravenously administered (n = 9 mice per group): (a) phosphate-buffered saline; (b) BMSCs (5 × 105); (c) 0.4 mg/kg DETA-NONOate; (d) combination of CXCR4-inhibition BMSCs with DETA-NONOate; and (e) combination of BMSCs with DETA-NONOate. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying combination-enhanced BMSC migration, transwell cocultures of BMSC with mouse brain endothelial cells (MBECs) or astrocytes were performed. Combination treatment significantly improved functional outcome after stroke compared with BMSC monotherapy and MCAo control, and it increased SDF1 expression in the ischemic brain compared with DETA-NONOate monotherapy and MCAo control. The number of BMSCs in the ischemic brain was significantly increased after combination BMSC with DETA-NONOate treatment compared with monotherapy with BMSCs. The number of engrafted BMSCs was significantly correlated with functional outcome after stroke. DETA-NONOate significantly increased BMSC CXCR4 and MMP9 expression and promoted BMSC adhesion and migration to MBECs and astrocytes compared with nontreatment BMSCs. Inhibition of CXCR4 or MMPs in BMSCs significantly decreased DETA-NONOate-induced BMSC adhesion and migration. Our data demonstrate that DETA-NONOate enhanced the therapeutic potency of BMSCs, possibly via upregulation of SDF1/CXCR4 and MMP pathways, and increased BMSC engraftment into the ischemic brain.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
The Development of a Generic Bioanalytical Matrix Using Polydiacetylenes
Authors: Lee S. W. , Kang C. D. , Yang D. H. , Lee J.‐S. , Kim J. M. , Ahn D. J. , Sim S. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn order to develop more user‐viable formats for polydiacetylene (PDA) biosensors, it is necessary to control the biochemical and physical properties of the PDA matrix. In this study, we prepare polydiacetylene liposomes from controlled mixtures of 10,12‐pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) and PCDA–MI, a PCDA derivative with a maleimide headgroup. Both the chemical and physical properties of the liposome are easily manipulated by controlling the molar ratio of PCDA to PCDA–MI during liposome preparation. After preparing the liposomes, the activity of the maleimide headgroups increases linearly with the PCDA–MI content for concentrations in the range of 0–30 %. As a result, the antibody‐binding characteristics of the PDA liposomes increase with PCDA–MI content. It is also possible to modulate the physical properties of the liposome. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements show that the phase organization of the liposome is progressively lost with increasing PCDA–MI content. Furthermore, the liposomes show an increased color change in response to temperature that is also dependent on PCDA–MI content, indicating increased membrane fluidity. When PCDA:PCDA–MI liposomes are conjugated with a cell‐specific antibody the response to the antigen induces a color change that is dependent on the PCDA–MI content. Consequently, it is deduced that the increased sensitivity of the liposomes containing higher PCDA‐MI content is due to increased antibody binding and membrane fluidity. From these experiments, we identify the factors controlling the colorimetric properties of the PDA matrix and demonstrate that it is possible to modulate the sensitivity and stability of PDA biosensors by controlling the ratio of constituent monomers.
Optical sensor for aliphatic amines based on the simultaneous colorimetric and fluorescence responses of smart textile
Authors: Staneva Desislava , Betcheva Rositza , Chovelon Jean‐Marc 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe pH indicator proposed is a water‐soluble dye based on benzo[de]antracen‐7‐one. Dissolving in buffered aqueous solution, it changes color from yellow to orange and in the mean time decreases its fluorescence emission as a function of the amine concentration. Viscose fabric, dyed with the same dye has been investigated as a new reversible colorimetric and fluorescent sensor material for ammonia and aliphatic amines in buffered solution. The high value of the dye pKa and the influence of the textile matrix on the selective detection of dimethylamine compared to ammonia, trimethylamine, and metylamine have been studied. The different response of the solution and textile matrix as well as the optical analyses both as a color change and a fluorescence emission have been discussed. The advantage of this sensor is the fact that depending on the analytical problem to be solved and the available instrumentation it can be used either as a fluorogenic or as a chromogenic chemosensor. In addition, the textile sensor is characterized by facile fabrication, low cost, sensibility, and reproducibility. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007