bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabinoxylans and endoxylanases in refrigerated dough syruping
Authors: Courtin Christophe M , Gys Wouter , Delcour Jan A 
Published: June 2006

AbstractRefrigerated doughs of high quality have a long shelf life without loss of organoleptic properties. A major problem is the development of a liquid layer at the dough surface after prolonged storage, referred to as dough syruping. We here present a state‐of‐the‐art overview of the involvement of wheat flour arabinoxylan and wheat flour associated endoxylanases in this phenomenon and on ways to prevent or delay the occurrence of dough syrup upon prolonged storage of refrigerated doughs. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of different damage pathways in Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) stored under different chilling systems
Authors: Losada Vanesa , Rodríguez Óscar , Miranda José M , Barros‐Velázquez Jorge , Aubourg Santiago P 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSlurry ice is a biphasic system that has recently shown a number of advantages when employed as a chilling medium for fish species. Its use for a crustacean species of high commercial value, Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus), was evaluated in parallel with traditional flake icing. Quality parameters related to microbial spoilage and biochemical breakdown (aerobe and psychrotroph counts, pH, K value, total volatile amines, trimethylamine, free fatty acids and non‐enzymatic browning reactions) were assessed and compared with sensory (carapace, eyes, gills, odour and flesh) acceptability. Storage in slurry ice produced a significant (P < 0.05) inhibitory effect on both microbial growth (as determined by aerobes, psychrotrophs and volatile amines) and autolysis breakdown (as determined by K values and the release of free fatty acids) in comparison with the flake ice batch. In contrast, an enhancement effect of slurry ice on carapace browning was observed as a result of enzymatic browning development. Slurry ice batch also showed a more intense non‐enzymatic browning reaction in the lipid extract of the edible flesh. With a view to limiting both browning effects, the incorporation of an anti‐melanosis agent in the liquid phase of the slurry ice system is envisaged. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Structure Determination of Polyacetals by Liquid Chromatography and Hyphenated Techniques
Authors: Rittig Frank , Fandrich Nick , Urtel Melanie , Schrepp Wolfgang , Just Ulrich , Weidner Steffen M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSummary: The structure of polyacetal copolymers with respect to their end groups is investigated. Several techniques, such as liquid chromatography, MALDI‐TOF MS, IR and NMR spectroscopy, as well as combined techniques like 2D chromatography have been applied. Cyclic oligomers and polymers with formyl, hydroxy, and aliphatic end groups are identified. 2D chromatography shows that all the separated species are homogenously distributed with respect to their molar mass.2D chromatograms of sample F97B3.magnified image2D chromatograms of sample F97B3.
Simple Trends in the Methylene Regions of the NMR Spectrum of Poly(propylene) and Ethylene‐Propylene Copolymers
Authors: Monaco Guglielmo , Sessa Irene , Zambelli Adolfo 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSummary: The configurational sensitivity of the chemical shift of methylene carbons has been analyzed theoretically in terms of a perturbative approach. Theoretical results and computations have been applied successfully to new experimental data obtained from model compounds of the ${\rm S}_{\alpha \beta}$ resonance. It has been shown that the carbon in $\beta$ position with respect to the first methine of a regioregular sequence follows the same simple trend of the corresponding carbon atoms in $\alpha$ position. The tiny chemical shift spreadings of the ${\rm S}_{\alpha \beta}$ resonance due to the relative configuration of the nearest methyl groups in $\alpha$ and $\beta$ position showed a single inversion with respect to theoretical expectation.Decomposition of a chain in subchains.magnified imageDecomposition of a chain in subchains.
3D fluoroscopy with real‐time 3D non‐cartesian phased‐array contrast‐enhanced MRA
Authors: Brodsky Ethan , Isaacs David , Grist Thomas M. , Block Walter F. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractFor optimized CE‐MRA of the chest and abdomen, the scan time and breath‐hold must be coordinated with the arrival of contrast. A 3D fluoroscopy system is demonstrated that performs real‐time 3D projection reconstruction acquisition, reconstruction, and visualization using only the standard scanner hardware and operator console workstation. Unlike 2D fluorotriggering techniques, no specification of a monitoring slab or careful placement of the imaging volume is required. 3DPR data are acquired continuously throughout the examination using an eight‐channel receiver and 1 s interleaved subframes. The data are reconstructed using 1 s segments for real‐time monitoring with 0.8‐cm isotropic spatial resolution over the entire torso, allowing full‐volume axial, coronal, and sagittal MIPs to be displayed simultaneously with minimal latency. The system later uses the same scan data to generate high‐spatial‐resolution time‐resolved sequences of the breath‐hold interval. The 3D fluoroscopy system was validated on phantoms and human volunteers. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decomposed direct matrix inversion for fast non‐cartesian SENSE reconstructions
Authors: Qian Yongxian , Zhang Zhenghui , Wang Yi , Boada Fernando E. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA new k‐space direct matrix inversion (DMI) method is proposed here to accelerate non‐Cartesian SENSE reconstructions. In this method a global k‐space matrix equation is established on basic MRI principles, and the inverse of the global encoding matrix is found from a set of local matrix equations by taking advantage of the small extension of k‐space coil maps. The DMI algorithm's efficiency is achieved by reloading the precalculated global inverse when the coil maps and trajectories remain unchanged, such as in dynamic studies. Phantom and human subject experiments were performed on a 1.5T scanner with a standard four‐channel phased‐array cardiac coil. Interleaved spiral trajectories were used to collect fully sampled and undersampled 3D raw data. The equivalence of the global k‐space matrix equation to its image‐space version, was verified via conjugate gradient (CG) iterative algorithms on a 2× undersampled phantom and numerical‐model data sets. When applied to the 2× undersampled phantom and human‐subject raw data, the decomposed DMI method produced images with small errors (≤3.9%) relative to the reference images obtained from the fully‐sampled data, at a rate of 2 s per slice (excluding 4 min for precalculating the global inverse at an image size of 256 × 256). The DMI method may be useful for noise evaluations in parallel coil designs, dynamic MRI, and 3D sodium MRI with fixed coils and trajectories. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and applications of novel amphiphilic fluoroalkyl end‐capped oligomers‐clay nanocomposites
Authors: Sawada Hideo , Takebayashi Airi , Uejima Mitsugu , Murakami Toshihide 
Published: June 2006

AbstractNonionic‐type amphiphilic fluoroalkyl end‐capped acryloylmorpholine and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide homooligomers were found to be new convenient intercalating agents for the achievement of an enlarged basal spacing of the clay layers to afford fluorinated oligomers‐clay nanocomposites. These novel fluoroalkyl end‐capped oligomers‐clay nanocomposites were found to exhibit good dispersibility and stability in aqueous and organic media, and were applied to the surface modification of traditional organic polymeric materials such as poly(methyl methacrylate). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Geschichte der Diuretika: Vom Coffein zum Furosemid
Authors: Rau Silvia 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDie Entdeckungsgeschichte der Diuretika ist überwiegend von glücklichen Zufällen geprägt. Aus chemisch sehr unterschiedlichen Stoffen, den Purinen, den Quecksilberverbindungen und den Sulfonamiden, deren diuretische Wirkung mehr zufällig entdeckt und zunächst nur als eine Nebenwirkung bei anderweitiger Indikation betrachtet wurde, konnte die Forschung eine Arzneimittelgruppe entwickeln, deren hoher therapeutischer Stellenwert bis heute unbestritten ist.
Influence of melt‐blending conditions on structural, rheological, and interfacial properties of polyamide‐12 layered silicate nanocomposites
Authors: Médéric Pascal , Razafinimaro Tolotrahasina , Aubry Thierry 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe influence of the melt‐blending conditions on the structural, rheological, and interfacial properties of modified montmorillonite/Polyamide‐12 nanocomposites has been studied performing transmission electron microscopy observation combined with X‐Ray diffraction and rheological experiments. In the dilute regime, for short mixing times, the apparent aspect ratio of primary clay entities, determined from intrinsic viscosity measurements, is shown to increase with rotational speed. At high blade rotational speeds, the viscometric results suggest an almost achieved exfoliation, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy micrographs. For longer mixing times, a significant drop of viscous dissipation is observed, which is very marked at high blade rotational speeds and attributed to a modification of the particle/matrix interface. In the concentrated regime, the rheological behavior of nanocomposites is attributed to the formation of a network of mesoscopic domains, composed of correlated clay entities. Upon increasing strain during mixing, the clay aggregates within these domains break into intercalated stacks and finally exfoliated layers, as shown by transmission electron microscopy micrographs and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction patterns. The melt state elastic and viscous properties of the nanocomposites are mainly governed by the networked domains, and not by the nature and properties of the structure within the domains. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:986–994, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Myosin binding protein C is differentially phosphorylated upon myocardial stunning in canine and rat hearts — Evidence for novel phosphorylation sites
Authors: Yuan Chao , Guo Yurong , Ravi Rajashree , Przyklenk Karin , Shilkofski Nicole , Diez Roberto , Cole Robert N. , Murphy Anne M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMyocardial stunning is the transient cardiac dysfunction that follows brief episodes of ischemia and reperfusion without associated myocardial necrosis. Currently, there is limited knowledge about its cellular and biochemical mechanisms. In order to better understand the underlying mechanisms of contractile dysfunction associated with the stunning, comprehensive proteomic studies using 2‐D DIGE were performed using a regional stunning model in canine heart. Cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP‐C), a regulatory myofilament protein associated with the thick filament, and nebulette, a thin filament associated protein, were differentially expressed. Phosphoprotein specific staining indicated both protein changes were due to phosphorylation. Subsequent phosphorylation mapping of canine cMyBP‐C using IMAC and MS/MS identified five phosphorylation sites, including three novel sites. In order to further evaluate this finding in a different model, cMyBP‐C phosphorylation was examined in a rat model of global stunning. In the rat model, stunning was associated with increased phosphorylation of cMyBP‐C at a critical calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II site, and the increased phosphorylation was largely inhibited when stunning was prevented by either ischemic preconditioning or reperfusion in the presence of low‐calcium buffer. These data indicate cMyBP‐C phosphorylation plays an important role in myocardial stunning.
Cystic fibrosis enters the proteomics scene: New answers to old questions
Authors: Ollero Mario , Brouillard Franck , Edelman Aleksander 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe discovery in 1989 of the gene encoding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and its mutation as the primary cause of cystic fibrosis (CF), generated an optimistic reaction with respect to the development of potential therapies. This extraordinary milestone, however, represented only the initial key step in a long path. Many of the mechanisms that govern the pathogenesis of CF, the most commonly inherited lethal pulmonary disorder in Caucasians, remain even today unknown. As a continuation to genomic research, proteomics now offers the unique advantage to examine global alterations in the protein expression patterns of CF cells and tissues. The systematic use of this approach will probably provide new insights into the cellular mechanisms involved in CF dysfunctions, and should ultimately result in the finding of new prognostic markers, and in the generation of new therapies. In this article we review the current status of proteomic research applied to the study of CF, including CFTR‐related interactomics, and evaluate the potential of these technologies for future investigations.
Mass spectrometry‐based proteomics for the detection of plant pathogens
Authors: Padliya Neerav D. , Cooper Bret 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPlant diseases caused by fungi, oomycetes, viruses, and bacteria are devastating both to the economy and to the food supply of a nation. Therefore, the development of new, rapid methods to identify these pathogens is a highly important area of research that is of international concern. MS‐based proteomics has become a powerful and increasingly popular approach to not only identify these pathogens, but also to better understand their biology. However, there is a distinction between identifying a pathogen protein and identifying a pathogen based upon the detection of one of its proteins and this must be considered before the general application of MS for plant pathogen detection is made. There has been a recent push in the proteomics community to make data from large‐scale proteomics experiments publicly available in the form of a centralized repository. Such a resource could enable the use of MS as a universal plant pathogen detection technology.
IR spectroscopic strategies for the structural characterization of isolated and microsolvated arenium ions
Authors: Dopfer Otto 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis contribution summarizes recent experimental developments in coupling modern sensitive IR spectroscopic techniques with selective mass spectrometric methods, which have allowed for the first time for the unambiguous structural characterization of isolated and microsolvated protonated aromatic molecules in the gas phase. The two major experimental strategies involve (i) single‐photon IR photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy in atandem quadrupole mass spectrometer using novel optical parametric oscillator (OPO) laser systems in the 2500–4000 cm−1 range and (ii) IR multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometer using high‐intensity free electron lasers (FEL) in the 500–2500 cm−1 range. Both techniques offer complementary spectroscopic information, which is highlighted for the various isomers of protonated fluorobenzene, a simple prototype for protonated aromatic molecules. The analysis of the IR spectra provides unprecedented experimental insight into structure, energetics, and chemical reactivity of these fundamental reactive intermediates under isolated and controlled microsolvation conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen bonding and rate enhancement in the photoinduced polymerization of telechelic urethane methacrylates based on a cycloaliphatic system: Tricyclodecane dimethanol
Authors: Deepak V. D. , Rajan J. , Asha S. K. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA new class of telechelic urethane methacrylic crosslinkers, based on a cycloaliphatic system (tricyclodecane dimethanol and tricyclodecane monomethanol), was synthesized. The synthesis was achieved by a two‐step condensation of 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate with tricyclodecane dimethanol and capping with hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Samples of hexanediol diacrylate, tricyclodecane monomethacrylate, and tricyclodecane dimethacrylate were used as non‐hydrogen‐bonding monomers for comparative studies of the curing kinetics. The photopolymerization of these telechelic systems was investigated with UV irradiation in the presence of 2,2‐diethoxy acetophenone as the photoinitiator, and the kinetics were followed by the monitoring of the double‐bond conversion at 815 cm−1 with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The hydrogen‐bonded crosslinkers had higher double‐bond conversions than their non‐hydrogen‐bonded counterparts under identical conditions. The higher cure rate could be explained by hydrogen‐bonding preassociation in these systems, which brought the methacrylate double bonds within close proximity. The temperature effects on the hydrogen bonding were also investigated. A decrease in the extent of the double‐bond conversion with increasing temperature was observed for the hydrogen‐bonded crosslinker, in contrast to an increased conversion with temperature for hexanediol diacrylate and tricyclodecane dimethacrylate. This was directly indicative of a reduction of hydrogen bonding at elevated temperatures leading to lower conversions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4384–4395, 2006
Synthesis of well‐defined, brush‐type, amphiphilic [poly(styrene‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐graft‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)]‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐[poly(styrene‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐graft‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)] and its aggregation behavior inaqueous media
Authors: Xu Xuewei , Jia Zhongfan , Sun Ruiming , Huang Junlian 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBrush‐type, amphiphilic [poly(styrene‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐graft‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)]‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐[poly(styrene‐co‐2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate)‐graft‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)] was successfully synthesized via consecutive ring‐opening anionic polymerization, reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and coordination–insertion ring‐opening polymerization (ROP). Two poly (ethylene oxide) macro‐RAFT agents with two 3‐benzylsulfanylthiocarbonylsufanyl propionic acid end groups were prepared by the reaction of Poly(ethylene oxide) with hydroxyl group at two ends [HO–PEO–OH] with 3‐benzylsulfanylthiocarbonylsufanyl propionic acid chloride in the presence of pyridine; their molecular weights were 4840 and 8570 g/mol, and their molecular weight distributions were 1.07 and 1.09, respectively. The obtained macro‐RAFT agents were used to mediate the copolymerization of styrene and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate with 2,2‐azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator and dimethylformamide as the solvent. The hydroxyl groups of the 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate units of the resulting triblock copolymers then initiated the ROP of ε‐caprolactone in the presence of Sn(Oct)2 at 100 °C in toluene. It was determined that the RAFT process was controllable. The self‐assembled morphologies of the copolymers varied from rods to pearl necklaces and vesicles with an increase in the water concentration in tetrahydrofuran from 22.0 to 25.7, 29.6, and 39.0%, and the morphologies were also dependent on the molecular weight and chain structure of the copolymers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4396–4408, 2006
An Azido Ester Plasticizer, 1,3‐Di(Azidoacetoxy)‐2,2‐Di(Azidomethyl)Propane (PEAA): Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Properties
Authors: Shaojun Qiu , Huiqing Fan , Chao Gao , Xiaodong Zheng , Xiaoxian Gan 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA polyazido compound, 1,3‐di(azidoacetoxy)‐2,2‐di(azidomethyl)propane (PEAA) was synthesized and identified. Thermal properties of PEAA, such as the glass transition temperature (Tg), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) were investigated in detail. Two steps in the course of thermal decomposition of PEAA were observed clearly, and some gases, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrocyanic acid, methane and 2‐methyl‐1,3‐butadiene were identified as decomposition products by in situ cell FTIR. The pyrolysis mechanism was also proposed.
Reproductive success of bromadiolone‐resistant rats in absence of anticoagulant pressure
Authors: Heiberg Ann‐Charlotte , Leirs Herwig , Siegismund Hans R 
Published: June 2006

AbstractResistance to anticoagulant rodenticides in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) is associated with pleiotropic effects, notably with an increased dietary vitamin K requirement. Owing to this disadvantage, resistance is believed to be selected against if anticoagulant selection is absent. In small experimental populations of wild brown rats, an investigation was carried out to establish whether tolerance to anticoagulant exposure changed over a period of 2 years. In the same populations, DNA microsatellite markers were used to infer parentage, and this made it possible to estimate reproductive success of sensitive and resistant rats and estimate effective population size, Ne. Even though there was evidence for a selection against resistant rats with high vitamin K requirement, anticoagulant tolerance was not seen to be significantly influenced in the absence of bromadiolone selection. As the population size under investigation was small, random genetic drift may have played a role in this. In the presence of bromadiolone selection, however, the tolerance was significantly increased, suggesting that continuous selection will increase the proportion of highly resistant rats in the population. It was found that, for both males and females, surprisingly few individuals contributed to the next generation with numerous offspring, and most breeders contributed with none or a single offspring. The expected higher reproductive success and consequent increase in proportional numbers of sensitive rats in the absence of anticoagulant selection could not be observed. Among the resistant rats, moderately resistant females were found to be better breeders than highly resistant breeders, but for resistant males the reverse was true. This could be explained by the fact that the increased vitamin K requirement results in sex differential selection; in highly resistant males the selection presumably takes place at the immature stage, whereas in females the vitamin K requirement becomes crucial at the reproductive stage, as vitamin K is not only essential for the blood clotting process but also for bone formation. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Theoretical and experimental study of aparisthman: A natural product with anti‐ulcer activity
Authors: Brasil D. S. B. , Moreira R. Y. O. , Müller A. H. , Alves C. N. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAparisthman is a furan diterpenoid with a clerodane skeleton isolated from Aparisthmium cordatum (Juss.) Bail. (Euphorbiaceae). This natural product presents significant anti‐ulcer activity to the level of cimetidine (Tagamet®), a compound used for the treatment of ulcers provoked by stress. The structure of X‐ray diffraction of the aparisthman was compared with theoretical calculations and the results showed that the theory is in accordance with the experimental data. The infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra also were obtained and compared with theoretical calculations. The B3LYP theory level, with the 6‐31G(d,p) basis set, leads the value to the IR absorption close to the value experimentally observed. NMR theoretical obtained with HF/6‐311+G(2d,p) shows little deviation of experimental results. Calculations of molecular electrostatic potential and stabilization energies suggest that the protonation of aparisthman will be able to occur on carbonyl oxygen atom (O4). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006