bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Coatings-Orientants on Antifriction Properties of Lubricants in Tribounits under Boundary Lubrication
Authors: Levchenko VA , Buyanovsky IA , Ignatieva ZV , Matveenko VN 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The effect of some carbon coatings deposited on steel surfaces on lubricating properties of oils is investigated. The friction tests were carried out by using two test configurations: “ball-on-disk” and “ring-to-ring.” Friction surfaces were coated by carbon of two types: monocrystalline and amorphous ones. As lubricants some model and commercial oils were used. It is found that the friction coefficient and its temperature dependence differ significantly for carbon films under study. The obtained results were attributed to a different orientating effect of these coatings on structural ordering in boundary layers, which structure is considered as a mesophase of liquid crystals. The findings suggest that the carbon coatings with orientating effect on boundary layers are advantageous for improving antifriction characteristics and for governing processes of boundary lubrication.
Arius: Twice a Heretic?
Authors: Haugaard William P. 
Published: April 2006

“Christology was an important element of the earliest Arianism.” So states Raven in the introductory chapters to his study of apollinarianism. This paper will consider the christology of the “earliest′ Arians,” in particular that of Arius himself. Christology has been defined as “the study of the Person of Christ, and in particular of the union in Him of the Divine and human natures.” In the latter “particular” sense, we shall conclude that Arius really had no developed christology. This is not to say, however, that Arius was not christologically concerned in the larger sense of the word; i.e., “the study of the Person of Christ.” It is true to say after Dorner that:We should be very greatly mistaken … if we were to suppose that the Christological labours had meanwhile been totally suspended: on the contrary, in the case of the thinkers of the Church, Christology was the perennial motive of their trinitarian efforts.
Pathomics Signature for Prognosis and Chemotherapy Benefits in Stage III Colon Cancer
Authors: Jiang Wei , Wang Huaiming , Dong Xiaoyu , Yu Xian , Zhao Yandong , Chen Dexin , Yan Botao , Cheng Jiaxin , Zhuo Shuangmu , Wang Hui , Yan Jun 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceThe current TNM staging system may not provide adequate information for prognostic purposes and to assess the potential benefits of chemotherapy for patients with stage III colon cancer.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a pathomics signature to estimate prognosis and benefit from chemotherapy using hematoxylin-eosin (H-E)–stained slides.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective prognostic study used data from consecutive patients with histologically confirmed stage III colon cancer at 2 medical centers between January 2012 and December 2015. A total of 114 pathomics features were extracted from digital H-E–stained images from Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, and a pathomics signature was constructed using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression model in the training cohort. The associations of the pathomics signature with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Patients at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, formed the validation cohort. Data analysis was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe prognostic accuracy of the pathomics signature as well as its association with chemotherapy response were evaluated.ResultsThis study included 785 patients (mean [SD] age, 62.7 [11.1] years; 437 [55.7%] male). A pathomics signature was constructed based on 4 features. Multivariable analysis revealed that the pathomics signature was an independent factor associated with DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.46 [95% CI, 2.89-4.13]; P &amp;lt; .001) and OS (HR, 2.78 [95% CI, 2.34-3.31]; P &amp;lt; .001) in the training cohort. Incorporating the pathomics signature into pathomics nomograms resulted in better performance for the estimation of prognosis than the traditional model in a concordance index comparison in the training cohort (DFS: HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.86-0.89] vs HR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.71-0.75]; P &amp;lt; .001; OS: HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.84-0.86] vs HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.72-0.76]; P &amp;lt; .001) and validation cohort (DFS: HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.82-0.85] vs HR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.67-0.72]; P &amp;lt; .001; OS: HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.78-0.82] vs HR, 0.69 [0.67-0.72]; P &amp;lt; .001). Further analysis revealed that patients with a low pathomics signature were more likely to benefit from chemotherapy (eg, combined cohort: DFS: HR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.28-0.69]; P = .001; OS: HR, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.29-0.64]; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that a pathomics signature could help identify patients most likely to benefit from chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer.
Efficacious patient‐specific QA for Vertebra SBRT using a high‐resolution detector array SRS MapCHECK: AAPM TG‐218 analysis
Authors: Berk Kemal , Kron Tomas , Hardcastle Nicholas , Yeo Adam Unjin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposePatient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) for vertebra stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) presents challenges due to highly modulated small fields with high‐dose gradients between the target and spinal cord. This study aims to explore the use of the SRS MapCHECK® (SRSMC) for vertebra SBRT PSQA.MethodsTwenty vertebra SBRT treatment plans including prescriptions 20 Gy/1 fraction and 24 Gy/2 fractions were selected for each of Millennium (M)‐Multileaf Collimator (MLC), and high‐definition (HD)‐MLC. All 40 plans were measured using Gafchromic EBT3 film (film) and SRSMC, using the StereoPHAN phantom. Plan complexity was assessed using modulation complexity score (MCS), edge metric (EM) (mm−1), modulation factor (MU/cGy), and average leaf pair opening (ALPO) (mm) and its correlation with gamma‐pass rate was investigated. The high dose gradient between the target and the spinal cord was analyzed for film and SRSMC and compared against the treatment planning system (TPS). Applying the methodology proposed by AAPM TG‐218, action and tolerance values specific to the SRSMC for vertebra SBRT were determined for β values ranging from 5 to 8.ResultsFilm and SRSMC gamma‐pass rates showed no correlation (p > 0.05). A moderate negative correlation (R = ‐0.57, p = 0.01) is present between EM and SRSMC 3%/1 mm gamma‐pass rate for HD‐MLC plans. Both film and SRSMC accurately measured high dose gradients between the target and the spinal cord (R2 > 0.86, p ≤ 0.05). Notably, dose‐gradient of HD‐MLC plans is 22% steeper and has a smaller standard deviation to M‐MLC plans (p ≤ 0.05). Applying TG‐218, the film tolerance limit was 96% with action limit 95% for 5%/1 mm (β = 6) and for the SRSMC tolerance limit was 97% with an action limit of 96% for 4%/1 mm (β = 6).ConclusionOur findings suggest that universal TG‐218 limits may not be suitable for vertebra SBRT PSQA. This study demonstrates that SRSMC is a viable tool for vertebra SBRT PSQA, supported by TG‐218 implementation of process‐based tolerance and action limits.
Design of a robotic system to assist in the treatment of severe COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Tran Hoang T. , Tran Dong L. T. , Nguyen Minh T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe article presents the conceptualization, development, and implementation of a sophisticated mobile robotic system with the purpose of providing aid in the medical care of those afflicted with severe cases of COVID‐19. The robotic system will engage in verbal communication with the patient and provide updates regarding the external environment. Additionally, it will facilitate the delivery of food, beverages, and other consumable items to the isolation room. The robot has the capability to navigate to its intended location using two distinct modes: autonomous mode and online control mode. The hardware is constructed within a mobile robot system that is interconnected to the Internet over a 4G mobile network. The system employs a client–server software architecture wherein the transmission of data between the client and the server occurs through various transport protocols. Experimental simulations were conducted in an active treatment room to evaluate the performance of autonomous operating mechanisms, including obstacle avoidance positioning, safe destination navigation, and feedback display for remote robot operation.
Interfacial Polarization Loss Improvement Induced by the Hollow Engineering of Necklace‐like PAN/Carbon Nanofibers for Boosted Microwave Absorption
Authors: Xiao Junxiong , Zhan Beibei , He Mukun , Qi Xiaosi , Gong Xiu , Yang Jing‐Liang , Qu Yunpeng , Ding Junfei , Zhong Wei , Gu Junwei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRational manipulation of composition and microstructure design is recognized as an effective pathway to realize multifunctional high‐performance microwave absorber. In this work, necklace‐like hollow polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/carbon nanofibers are designed and constructed through a simple continuous electrospinning‐carbonization‐etching route. Specifically, by varying the carbonization temperature, the ratio of PAN to carbon content of necklace‐like hollow PAN/carbon nanofibers can be effectively regulated, resulting in tunable electromagnetic parameters and conductive loss capacities. After that, the hollow structure is further introduced to improve the feature of lightweight, impedance‐matching characteristics, and interfacial polarization loss ability. Accordingly, the necklace‐like hollow PAN/carbon nanofibers exhibited a frequency bandwidth of 6.60 GHz and a minimum reflection loss of −44.73 dB at 1.76 mm. Both the experimental and theoretical simulation results indicated that the obtained necklace‐like hollow PAN/carbon nanofibers possessed the high chemical stability and excellent microwave absorbing performance, endowing them as the excellent candidates for microwave absorbers in the extreme conditions. Therefore, the findings not only offered a simple pathway to rationally manipulate composition and microstructure but also provided a novel technique to make the most of hollow engineering for strengthening interface polarization loss.
One‐Pot Synthesis Inorganic–Organic Hybrid PdNi Bimetallenes for PET Electrocatalytic Value‐Added Transformation
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Wei Ranran , Yan Min , Wang Xianlong , Wei Xuewen , Wang Yinglong , Wang Liang , Zhang Junmei , Yin Shuli 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProgress is made in the advancement of efficient and durable electrocatalysts for the ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR), which is a critical breakthrough in the conversion of waste plastic into high‐value‐added chemicals. Here, an organic ligand‐modified PdNi bimetallenes (PdNi O‐BMs) catalyst is designed and constructed through the one‐pot method. Benefiting from the frizzy and porous surface structure and inorganic–organic hybrid interface modification, PdNi O‐BMs undergo electrocatalytic reforming of ethylene glycol (EG) derived from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to form formic acid. The unique structural advantages result in high EGOR performance. Meanwhile, the influence of Ni and organic ligand on the catalyst performance is confirmed through density functional theory calculations. This study reveals an advanced strategy for the synthesis of inorganic–organic hybrid bimetallenes, providing a green and sustainable new approach for PET value‐added transformation.
Dissecting Gut‐Microbial Community Interactions using a Gut Microbiome‐on‐a‐Chip
Authors: Lee Jeeyeon , Menon Nishanth , Lim Chwee Teck 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile the human gut microbiota has a significant impact on gut health and disease, understanding of the roles of gut microbes, interactions, and collective impact of gut microbes on various aspects of human gut health is limited by the lack of suitable in vitro model system that can accurately replicate gut‐like environment and enable the close visualization on causal and mechanistic relationships between microbial constitutents and the gut. , In this study, we present a scalable Gut Microbiome‐on‐a‐Chip (GMoC) with great imaging capability and scalability, providing a physiologically relevant dynamic gut‐microbes interfaces. This chip features a reproducible 3D stratified gut epithelium derived from Caco‐2 cells (µGut), mimicking key intestinal architecture, functions, and cellular complexity, providing a physiolocially relevant gut environment for microbes residing in the gut. Incorporating tumorigenic bacteria, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), into the GMoC enable the observation of pathogenic behaviors of ETBF, leading to µGut disruption and pro‐tumorigenic signaling activations. Pre‐treating the µGut with a beneficial gut microbe Lactobacillus spp., effectively prevent ETBF‐mediated gut pathogenesis, preserving the healthy state of the µGut through competition‐mediated colonization resistance. The GMoC holds potential as a valuable tool for exploring unknown roles of gut microbes in microbe‐induced pathogenesis and microbe‐based therapeutic development.
Three‐Phase‐Heterojunction Cu/Cu2O–Sb2O3 Catalyst Enables Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to CO and High‐Performance Aqueous Zn–CO2 Battery
Authors: Ma Junjie , Huang Fang , Xu Aihao , Wei Dong , Chen Xiangyu , Zhao Wencan , Chen Zhengjun , Yin Xucai , Zhu Jinliang , He Huibing , Xu Jing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractZn–CO2 batteries are excellent candidates for both electrical energy output and CO2 utilization, whereas the main challenge is to design electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions with high selectivity and low cost. Herein, the three‐phase heterojunction Cu‐based electrocatalyst (Cu/Cu2O‐Sb2O3‐15) is synthesized and evaluated for highly selective CO2 reduction to CO, which shows the highest faradaic efficiency of 96.3% at −1.3 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, exceeding the previously reported best values for Cu‐based materials. In situ spectroscopy and theoretical analysis indicate that the Sb incorporation into the three‐phase heterojunction Cu/Cu2O‐Sb2O3‐15 nanomaterial promotes the formation of key *COOH intermediates compared with the normal Cu/Cu2O composites. Furthermore, the rechargeable aqueous Zn–CO2 battery assembled with Cu/Cu2O‐Sb2O3‐15 as the cathode harvests a peak power density of 3.01 mW cm−2 as well as outstanding cycling stability of 417 cycles. This research provides fresh perspectives for designing advanced cathodic electrocatalysts for rechargeable Zn–CO2 batteries with high‐efficient electricity output together with CO2 utilization.
Metal Sulfide S‐Scheme Homojunction for Photocatalytic Selective Phenylcarbinol Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Huijun , Gao Yujie , Meng Sugang , Wang Zengrong , Wang Peixian , Wang Zhongliao , Qiu Chengwei , Chen Shifu , Weng Bo , Zheng Yu‐Ming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetal sulfide‐based homojunction photocatalysts are extensively explored with improved photocatalytic performance. However, the construction of metal sulfide‐based S‐scheme homojunction remains a challenge. Herein, the fabrication of 2D CdIn2S4 nanosheets coated 3D CdIn2S4 octahedra (referred to as 2D/3D n‐CIS/o‐CIS) S‐scheme homojunction photocatalyst is reported by simply adjustment of polyvinyl pyrrolidone amount during the solvothermal synthesis. The formation of S‐scheme homojunction within n‐CIS/o‐CIS is systematically investigated via a series of characterizations, which can generate an internal electric field to facilitate the separation and migration of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. The 2D/3D n‐CIS/o‐CIS composite exhibits significantly improved photocatalytic activity and stability in the selective oxidation of phenylcarbinol (PhCH2OH) to benzaldehyde (PhCHO) when compared to pure n‐CIS and o‐CIS samples under visible light irradiation. It is hoped that this work can contribute novel insights into the development of metal sulfides S‐scheme homojunction photocatalysts for solar energy conversion.
In Situ NMR Verification for Stacking Pressure‐Induced Lithium Deposition and Dead Lithium in Anode‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Lin Xing , Shen Yue , Yu Yao , Huang Yunhui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAnode‐free lithium metal batteries have emerged as strong contenders for next‐generation rechargeable batteries due to their ultra‐high energy density. However, their safety and life span are insufficient because of the easy generation of dendrites and dead lithium during lithium plating and stripping. Understanding the formation mechanism for lithium dendrites and dead lithium is essential to further improve battery performance. By employing in situ solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the influence of stacking pressure on dendritic behavior and dead lithium is systematically investigated. At 0.1 MPa, lithium dendrite is rapidly formed, followed by a linear increase of dead lithium. High stacking pressure not only causes lithium metal to fracture but also leads to form dendrites and dead lithium at the fracture site. At 0.5 MPa stacking pressure, the least quantity of dead lithium is attained, and the growth pattern of dead lithium is exponential growth. The exponential growth pattern is distinguished by the high growth of dead lithium early in the battery cycle and essentially no growth later in the cycle. As a result, it is believed that efficient suppression of dead lithium generation early in battery cycling can play a critical role in improving battery performance.
Quasi‐Solid Sulfur Conversion for Energetic All‐Solid‐State Na−S Battery
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wang Mingli , Song Bin , Huang Xiang‐Long , Zhang Wenli , Zhang Erhuan , Cheng Yingwen , Lu Ke 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe high theoretical energy density (1274 Wh kg−1) and high safety enable the all‐solid‐state Na−S batteries with great promise for stationary energy storage system. However, the uncontrollable solid–liquid‐solid multiphase conversion and its associated sluggish polysulfides redox kinetics pose a great challenge in tunning the sulfur speciation pathway for practical Na−S electrochemistry. Herein, we propose a new design methodology for matrix featuring separated bi‐catalytic sites that control the multi‐step polysulfide transformation in tandem and direct quasi‐solid reversible sulfur conversion during battery cycling. It is revealed that the N, P heteroatom hotspots are more favorable for catalyzing the long‐chain polysulfides reduction, while PtNi nanocrystals manipulate the direct and full Na2S4 to Na2S low‐kinetic conversion during discharging. The electrodeposited Na2S on strongly coupled PtNi and N, P‐codoped carbon host is extremely electroreactive and can be readily recovered back to S8 without passivation of active species during battery recharging, which delivers a true tandem electrocatalytic quasi‐solid sulfur conversion mechanism. Accordingly, stable cycling of the all‐solid‐state soft‐package Na−S pouch cells with an attractive specific capacity of 876 mAh gS−1 and a high energy of 608 Wh kgcathode−1 (172 Wh kg−1, based on the total mass of cathode and anode) at 60 °C are demonstrated.
Reimagining human dissection in preclinical medical education using studio‐based learning: A retrospective pilot study
Authors: Leung Yin , Ho Kevin Loktin , Yung Long , Tang Mei Kuen Florence 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHuman dissections in the current medical curriculum are conducted using a checklist approach to prioritize the exposure of anatomical structures. In this setting, anatomy educators are labored to enhance their engagement during the dissection. To address this issue, we considered the current medical education pedagogies and identified a novel approach of studio‐based learning (SBL) for application in a Human Dissection Workshop. This study aimed to (1) evaluate students' perceptions of SBL, (2) appraise the impact of SBL on anatomical knowledge learning, and (3) interpret the results of a validated questionnaire. Workshop participants were recruited from Year 2 medical students at the Chinese University of Hong Kong from the 2020 and 2021 cohorts. Fifty‐one students participated in the workshop (N = 24 [2020], N = 27 [2021]), and 50 of them completed the postworkshop questionnaire rated on a 5‐point Likert scale. Nineteen items were validated using a factor analysis. The interpretation of the questionnaire results demonstrated the different learning outcomes of the workshop, which included (1) enhancing students' knowledge and spatial understanding of anatomical structures, (2) strengthening students' appreciation of gross pathologies and clinical relevance, and (3) promoting higher‐order thinking skills. To our knowledge, this is the first study to introduce SBL in medical education. The successful implementation of the workshop reflects the promising potential of SBL for enhancing human dissection and supplementing the medical curriculum.
Application of fucosylation inhibitors for production of afucosylated antibody
Authors: Xu Ping , Ou Yu Chuan , Smith Michael , Paulson Jim , Schmidt Michael A. , Kandari Lakshmi , Parsons Rodney , Khetan Anurag 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFucosylation is an important quality attribute for therapeutic antibodies. Afucosylated antibodies exhibit higher therapeutic efficacies than their fucosylated counterparts through antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mechanism. Since higher potency is beneficial in reducing dose or duration of the treatment, afucosylated antibodies have attracted a great deal of interest in biotherapeutics development. In this study, novel small molecules GDP‐D‐Rhamnose and its derivatives (Ac‐GDP‐D‐Rhamnose and rhamnose sodium phosphate) were synthesized to inhibit the enzyme in the GDP‐fucose synthesis pathway. Addition of these compounds into cell culture increased antibody afucosylation levels in a dose‐dependent manner and had no significant impact on other protein quality attributes. A novel and effective mechanism to generate afucosylated antibody is demonstrated for biologics discovery, analytical method development, process development, and other applications.