bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing glycerophosphocholine lipid matrix interference effects in biological fluid assays by using high‐turbulence liquid chromatography
Authors: Du Lihong , White Robert L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMatrix interferences can severely affect quantitative assays of biological samples when electrospray ionization (ESI) is employed with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). A major source of matrix interferences for plasma sample analyses is the presence of glycerophosphocholine (GPCho) lipids. The efficiency of online high‐turbulence liquid chromatography (HTLC) extraction for eliminating these lipids is evaluated and the interfering effects of endogenous lipids on human plasma assays are measured for pharmaceutical compounds having a wide variety of chemical properties. It is found that GPCho lipids, represented by 16:0, 18:1 and 18:0 LPC (lysophosphatidylcholine) and 16:0‐18:2 PC, cause variations for hydrophobic compound analyses even when optimal online HTLC extraction conditions are employed. The efficiency for lipid removal depends on the organic content of the transfer solvent, but turbulent flow loading has no significant effect. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Twenty Years of Splenic Preservation in Trauma: Lower Early Infection Rate Than in Splenectomy
Authors: Gauer Jean‐Marc , Gerber‐Paulet Susanne , Seiler Christian , Schweizer Walter Paul 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundRetrospective studies concerning the operative preservation and nonoperative management of splenic injuries in patients with splenic trauma have been published; however, few studies have analyzed prospectively the results and early complication rates of a defined management in splenic injury.MethodsFrom 1986 to 2006, adult patients with blunt splenic injuries were evaluated prospectively with the intent of splenic preservation. Hemodynamically unstable patients underwent laparotomy. Stable patients were treated conservatively regardless of the grade of splenic injury determined by ultrasound and/or CT scan.ResultsDuring a 20‐year period, 155 patients were prospectively evaluated. In 98 patients (63%), the spleen could be preserved by nonoperative (64 patients, 65%) or operative (34 patients, 35%) treatment and 57 patients (37%) needed splenectomy. There were no differences in age, sex, or trauma score between the groups, but a higher early infection rate in patients with splenectomy compared with patients with splenic preservation (p < 0.005) was observed, even if the patients were matched with respect to multiple trauma using the Injury Severity Score (p < 0.01).ConclusionsSplenic preservation in patients with blunt splenic injury by operative or nonoperative treatment leads to lower early infection rates in adults and, therefore, should be advocated.
Delayed Wound Healing in Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal Sinus Coincides with an Altered Collagen Composition
Authors: Binnebösel Marcel , Junge Karsten , Schwab Robert , Antony Albert , Schumpelick Volker , Klinge Uwe 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundAlthough patients with pilonidal sinus are young and, thus, are expected to heal well, a delayed healing with high risk of recurrence frequently is observed. This study was initiated to test whether disorders in the extracellular matrix (ECM) may be detected in patients with pilonidal sinus and delayed wound healing or recurrent disease, respectively.MethodsIn 48 patients, tissue specimens were obtained at the index operation. All patients were treated by local excision and primary wound closure. The collagen type I/III ratio, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1, ‐9, and ‐13, as well as the proliferation index (Ki67) and the macrophage infiltrate (CD68) were measured. Patients with an uneventful wound healing by primary intention were compared with those in which the healing by primary intention fails (secondary healing), and patients suffering first onset of pilonidal sinus or to those patients who had undergone previous surgery for pilonidal sinus. Clinical parameters and comorbidity were evaluated.ResultsPatients with secondary healing, exhibited at the index operation a significantly lower collagen type I/III ratio (2.34 ± 0.4) compared with patients with problem‐free wound healing (3.04 ± 0.7). Furthermore, significantly higher expression of MMP‐1, ‐9, and 13, and a significantly higher proliferation index (Ki67) were found in the specimens of the patients with secondary healing. In patients in whom the operation was performed because of a recurrence expression of both Ki67 and CD68 were significantly higher. Smokers had an increased risk for suffering recurrent disease, but did not show differences in the collagen ratio.ConclusionsAs a novel finding, this study indicates that disturbances of the ECM may predict a delayed wound healing after pilonidal sinus surgery.
Results of Surgical Treatment After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage III Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Carretta Angelo , Ciriaco Paola , Melloni Giulio , Sayed Imad , Bandiera Alessandro , Ferla Luca , Puglisi Armando , Zannini Piero 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe potential benefits of an approach combining neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery in stage IIIA and IIIB NSCLC have to be weighed against a potential increase in postoperative complications. We evaluated the results in terms of postoperative complications and survival in patients with stage III NSCLC who underwent complete surgical treatment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with two regimens: mitomycin, vinblastine, and cisplatin (MPV) versus gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC).MethodsFrom March 1991 to September 2005, 110 patients with stage III NSCLC (86 stage IIIA and 24 stage IIIB) underwent complete surgical treatment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ninety‐two patients were men and 18 were women, with a mean age of 59 (range, 39–80) years. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen was MPV in 72 patients and GC in 38.ResultsThe overall response (>50%) to chemotherapy was 84%. Postoperative mortality and morbidity were 1.8% and 20%, respectively. Overall 5‐year survival was 46%. Minor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (<50%) and residual nodal N2 involvement in stage IIIA had an adverse impact on survival (p < 0.05).ConclusionsFavorable long‐term survival was observed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with MPV and GC regimens in stage IIIA and IIIB NSCLC, with relatively low postoperative mortality and morbidity. Caution should be taken when offering surgical treatment to patients with minor response to induction chemotherapy and residual N2 disease in view of the significantly reduced survival.
Psychological and psychiatric factors related to health-related quality of life after total hip replacement – preliminary report
Authors: Badura-Brzoza Karina , Zajac Piotr , Brzoza Zenon , Kasperska-Zajac Alicja , Matysiakiewicz Jerzy , Piegza Magdalena , Hese Robert T. , Rogala Barbara , Semenowicz Jacek , Koczy Bogdan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAbstractTotal hip replacement is one of the most successful orthopaedic interventions in improving considerably the patients' performance, nevertheless some patients demonstrate declined functional ability following an operation. Such condition is not a consequence of medical illness or the surgery itself but might rather be associated with mental status. The authors conduct an investigation concerning the relation between some psychological and psychiatric factors and their influence on health-related quality of life in patients after total hip replacement.MethodsInto the study group we included 102 subjects undergoing total hip replacement (59 female, 43 male). In all subjects we measured depression (Beck Depression Inventory – BDI), anxiety (State and Trait Anxiety Inventory – STAI), sense of coherence (SOC-29), personality traits (Eysenck Personality Inventory – EPI) and health related quality of life (SF-36).ResultsThe postoperative values of the PCS and the MCS for the whole group of patients correlated negatively with the SOC values (p= 0.04 andp= 0.03 respectively). Neuroticism (EPI) and anxiety as a trait (STAI) were also associated with postoperative performance, both in mental (p= 0.03 andp= 0.008 respectively) and physical (p= 0.005 andp= 0.04 respectively terms).ConclusionTotal hip replacement improves significantly the patient’s health-related quality of life at 6 months after surgery, what is influenced by sense of coherence, neuroticism and anxiety as a trait. Above mentioned factors should be taken into account when rehabilitation and social readaptation processes are planned.
Suicidal ideation and time perspective in high school students
Authors: Laghi Fiorenzo , Baiocco Roberto , D’Alessio Maria , Gurrieri Grazia 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectiveMany studies have enlightened the relevance of deepening our knowledge of suicidal ideation among adolescents. However, research has given insufficient attention to the impact of time perspective on suicidal ideation: the present study confirms this relationship in a large sample of adolescents.MethodA survey was conducted on a sample of 3700 Italian adolescents. We obtained data using a structured questionnaire addressing suicidal ideation, mental health status, self-esteem, individual and family characteristics, and time perspective (ZTPI) in three temporal frames: the past, present and future, and the attitude related to each one of them. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsOverall, 9.2% of the sample reported severe suicidal ideation during the past two weeks; 7.6% reported moderate suicidal ideation. Female adolescents were more likely to report severe suicidal ideation when compared to males (χ(2)2= 13.38,P= .001). There were no differences regarding age (χ(1)2= 2.81,P= .245) and SES (χ(2)2= 8.67,P= .08).The first discriminant function was mostly explained by psychopathological symptoms (General Global Index), self-esteem and two dimensions of the ZTPI (Negative Past and Fatalistic Present).ConclusionsDifferences in time perspective dimensions between moderate and severe ideators suggest that these groups should be considered and analyzed as two discrete groups in further research.
Early postnatal maternal deprivation in rats induces memory deficits in adult life that can be reversed by donepezil and galantamine
Authors: Benetti Fernando , Mello Pâmela Billig , Bonini Juliana Sartori , Monteiro Siomara , Cammarota Martín , Izquierdo Iván 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEarly postnatal maternal deprivation is known to cause long‐lasting neurobiological effects. Here, we investigated whether some of the cognitive aspects of these deficits might be related to a disruption of the cholinergic system. Pregnant Wistar rats were individually housed and maintained on a 12:12 h light/dark cycle with food and water freely available. The mothers were separated from their pups for 3 h per day from postnatal day 1 (PND‐1) to PND‐10. To do that, the dams were moved to a different cage and the pups maintained in the original home cage, which was transferred to a different room kept at 32 °C. After they reached 120–150 days of age, maternal‐deprived and non‐deprived animals were either sacrificed for brain acetylcholinesterase measurement, or trained and tested in an object recognition task and in a social recognition task as described by Rossato et al. (2007) [Rossato, J.I., Bevilaqua, L. R.M., Myskiw, J.C., Medina, J.H., Izquierdo, I., Cammarota, M. 2007. On the role hippocampal synthesis in the consolidation and reconsolidation of object recognition memory. Learn. Mem. 14, 36–46] and Lévy et al. (2003) [Lévy, F., Melo. A.I., Galef. B.G. Jr., Madden, M., Fleming. A.S. 2003. Complete maternal deprivation affects social, but not spatial, learning in adult rats. Dev. Psychobiol. 43, 177–191], respectively. There was increased acetylcholinesterase activity in hippocampus and perirhinal cortex of the deprived animals. In addition, they showed a clear impairment in memory of the two recognition tasks measured 24 h after training. Oral administration of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil or galantamine (1 mg/kg) 30 min before training reversed the memory impairments caused by maternal deprivation. The findings suggest that maternal deprivation affects memory processing at adulthood through a change in brain cholinergic systems.
Environment and paleoecology of a 12 ka mid-North American Younger Dryas forest chronicled in tree rings
Authors: Panyushkina Irina P. , Leavitt Steven W. , Thompson Todd A. , Schneider Allan F. , Lange Todd 
Published: October 2008

AbstractUntil now, availability of wood from the Younger Dryas abrupt cooling event (YDE) in N. America ca. 12.9 to 11.6 ka has been insufficient to develop high-resolution chronologies for refining our understanding of YDE conditions. Here we present a multi-proxy tree-ring chronology (ring widths, “events” evidenced by microanatomy and macro features, stable isotopes) from a buried black spruce forest in the Great Lakes area (Liverpool East site), spanning 116 yr at ca. 12,000 cal yr BP. During this largely cold and wet period, the proxies convey a coherent and precise forest history including frost events, tilting, drowning and burial in estuarine sands as the Laurentide Ice Sheet deteriorated. In the middle of the period, a short mild interval appears to have launched the final and largest episode of tree recruitment. Ultimately the tops of the trees were sheared off after death, perhaps by wind-driven ice floes, culminating an interval of rising water and sediment deposition around the base of the trees. Although relative influences of the continental ice sheet and local effects from ancestral Lake Michigan are indeterminate, the tree-ring proxies provide important insight into environment and ecology of a N. American YDE boreal forest stand.
Confidence Limits for Seasonal Rainfall: Their Value in Kenya Agriculture
Authors: Woodhead T. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYFor Muguga, in Kenya, confidence limits of expected ‘twenty-day’ rainfall may be reliably derived through a logarithmic transformation of the skew rainfall data. Frequency distributions of rainfall totals received during specific crop-growing seasons are examined for three widely separated Kenya sites. It is shown that confidence limits for such seasonal rainfall cannot be obtained by summation of the corresponding limits for the successive twenty-day intervals included within the season. Twenty-day limits should not therefore be accumulated in seasonal comparisons of crop water requirements and precipitation. Such assessments of agricultural site potential must take account of the year-to-year variability of precipitation, but are best undertaken with actual rainfall amounts.
Expected Rainfall and Kenya Agriculture-Confidence Limits for Large Areas at Minimum Cost
Authors: Woodhead T. , Waweru E. S. , Lawes E. F. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYConfidence limits of expected twenty-day rainfall have been computed for two widely separated maize-producing regions in Kenya. The 35-km. square survey areas were quite different topographically, and limits were derived for seven rainfall sites in each. Ratios of these limits to the corresponding long-term mean precipitations were evaluated for each site for each twenty-day period during the appropriate maize-growing seasons. For a particular period and confidence level, these ratios were almost constant for either group of seven sites. The variability computed for a single, well-chosen site is therefore representative of quite a large neighbourhood. Expected rainfall totals were also derived for a ‘fictitious’ site, simulating the average precipitation over the whole of the flatter of the two areas. The resulting limits were less extreme than those of any individual site, indicating that areal rainfall, as used in hydrology, is less variable than the agriculturally-important point rainfall.
Needs of Sugar Cane for Silicon when Growing in Highly Weathered Latosols
Authors: Cheong Y. Wong You , Halais P. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYYields of sugar cane in low-silicon soils were significantly increased by the application of both calcium silicate and coral sand. Over and above the significant response to Ca and increase in soil pH, there was a highly significant response to Si. The overall response to the higher level of calcium silicate application (14·2 tons/ha.) over the control was 28·3 tons of cane per hectare. Neither calcium silicate nor coral sand influenced the sucrose content of the juice.
Water Relations of Beans II. Effects of Differential Irrigation on Yield and Seed Size of Broad Beans
Authors: El Nadi A. H. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA crop of broad beans was subjected to different water treatments with a view to finding the most economical irrigation policy. Increments in yield were obtained from the sixth to ninth irrigation, but the relative significance of each irrigation after the sixth was dependent upon whether irrigation water was saved during the vegetative and early flowering phase, or during the phase of pod development. The influence of the different water regimes on yield components and on some attributes of growth was studied.
Foliar Composition of the Oil Palm in West Malaysia I. Variation in Leaf Nutrient Levels in Relation to Sampling Intensity
Authors: Chin Poon Yew , Varley J. A. , Ward J. B. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA uniformity trial was carried out at Banting, Selangor in West Malaysia to estimate optimal sampling rates for determining foliar nutrient contents of oil palms. The results suggest that the unit for sampling in this area is greater than 10 acres but less than 50. A comparison of the results with those obtained in Nigeria shows a large measure of agreement. Factors concerned in choosing a sampling rate are discussed. With the information available a rate of 2–3 per cent appears adequate.
Effects of Application Techniques on the Control of Powdery Mildew on Roses
Authors: Vigodsky Hillela , Zieslin N. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThree methods of applying four fungicides were tested for controlling powdery mildew on roses. Best results were obtained by air blast application, with high-volume sprays providing better control than low-volume sprays. The former, unassisted by air blast, failed to give adequate control. Fluorescent tracers showed that performance of various modes of application depended on their ability to provide a satisfactory fungicide deposit on the lower leaf surface, which was particularly susceptible to the disease.
Effects of Sowing Date, Nitrogen and Seed Rate on Wheat Yields in the Sudan Gezira
Authors: Khalifa M. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA three-year study of the effects of sowing date, nitrogen application and seed rate on wheat showed that sowing in mid-October gave consistently greater grain yields than sowing in mid-September or mid-November because grains were larger and more numerous per head. Nitrogen increased yields but the effect decreased with later sowing. Nitrogen probably increased grain yield by increasing the number of ears, but this effect diminished with higher levels of nitrogen. Grain yield was only slightly influenced by seed rate, and the interaction of seed rate with sowing date or nitrogen was unimportant.
Growth of Sugar Beet (Var. Polyrave) in Relation to Petiole Nitrate Content
Authors: Albasal N. , Dor Z. , Carmeli R. , Kafkafi U. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYNitrate content in the petiole of sugar beet (var. Polygrave) reaches its maximum three months after emergence of the seedling. There is a linear correlation between the final yields and the nitrate content of the petiole at the maximum stage. Nitrogen fertilization should be given in the first three months of the beet growth.
Floral Initiation and Flowering of Coffea arabica L. in Kenya
Authors: Wormer T. M. , Gituanja J. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIn Kenya, coffee growing east of the Great Rift Valley has its main flowering either in February–March or in October–November. These flowerings are mainly initiated from approximately August to December and June to September, respectively. Changes from an early to a late flowering rhythm and vice versa can be caused by (a) pruning, (b) the condition of the tree, and (c) the weather pattern, but more information is needed for a complete understanding of this problem.
Nodulation of Legumes in the Sudan II. Rhizobium Strains and Cross-Inoculations ofAcacia Spp
Authors: Habish H. A. , Khairi Sh. M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYCross-inoculation tests among tenAcaciaspecies and cowpea (Vigna sinensis) showed that eightAcacia sppwere related to cowpea while two were independent and this agreed with the placement of Acacia in the cowpea group. The Acacia rhizobia showed certain cultural and physiological similarities to the cowpea Rhizobium and were resistant to high temperatures.
Response of Maize Varieties in Tanzania to Different Plant Populations and Fertilizer Levels
Authors: Bolton A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTrials were conducted for three seasons at a range of altitudes in Tanzania to investigate the effect of plant populations and levels of applied nitrogen and phosphate on the performance of maize varieties. Increasing population to 47,500 plants per hectare gave increased yields even though cob size and number of cobs per 100 plants showed considerable reductions, but 72,000 plants/ha. is probably too many for late maturing varieties. Sites over 900 m. showed good response to applied fertilizer, but below 900 m. response was much smaller or absent. Cob height was increased by fertilizer but hardly affected by spacing, no treatment made any appreciable difference to days to 50 per cent pollen shed, and lodging increased with closer spacing.
A Simple Wetness Recorder
Authors: Huxley P. A. , Waller J. M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYWhen wetted overnight by dew, dye spots on a cone-shaped paper ‘sensor’ will spread to an extent which depends on both the duration and the intensity of dewfall. Results from such a sensor have been compared with those from the de Wit recorder. Although only a qualitative assessment of surface wetness is obtained, the paper sensors are cheap and easily replicated, they can be stored for assessment later and they can be made in sizes to suit any particular situation in the field.
Statistical Studies of Experimental Techniques with the Apple Crop in Iran
Authors: Abraham T. P. , Hoobakht A. , Nejad Parvin Aryan 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYData of uniformity trials on apple in farmers' gardens showed large localized and genetic variation, indicating that larger plots could be used with advantage. Formation of blocks on the basis of uniformity trials can be expected to increase block efficiency considerably. With only four to six years for experiments it was found better to use trunk girth as a calibrating variate for forming plots and blocks instead of losing two years for a uniformity trial. The minimum number of replications needed to obtain estimates of treatment effects with a given standard error has been calculated. There was a pronounced biennial swing in the yields as reflected by the intra-tree correlation.
The Potassium Status of Soils in the Savanna Zone of Nigeria
Authors: Wild A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThirty one soils from the Savanna Zone of Nigeria were low in exchangeable potassium, ΔK°, and ΔK°° and had very low potassium buffer capacities. The soils were low in clay, which was kaolinitic. Two soils high in 2:1 layer clay minerals contained higher quantities of labile potassium. Total potassium varied with parent material. Release of non-exchangeable potassium was low. After cropping, wet/dry cycles released exchangeable potassium. Potassium deficiency is expected to occur commonly with intensive cropping in the field.