bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverging mechanisms for TNF‐α receptors in normal mouse brains and in functional recovery after injury: From gene to behavior
Authors: Quintana Albert , Molinero Amalia , Florit Sergi , Manso Yasmina , Comes Gemma , Carrasco Javier , Giralt Mercedes , Borup Rehannah , Nielsen Finn Cilius , Campbell Iain L. , Penkowa Milena , Hidalgo Juan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and lymphotoxin‐α, have been described widely to play important roles in the brain in physiologic conditions and after traumatic injury. However, the exact mechanisms involved in their function have not been fully elucidated. We give some insight on their role by using animals lacking either Type 1 receptor (TNFR1KO) or Type 2 (TNFR2KO) and their controls (C57Bl/6). Both TNFR1KO and to a greater extent TNFR2KO mice showed increased exploration/activity neurobehavioral traits in the hole board test, such as rearings, head dippings, and ambulations, compared with wild‐type mice, suggesting an inhibitory role of TNFR1/TNFR2 signaling. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the elevated plus maze test, ruling out a major role of these receptors in the control of anxiety. We next evaluated the response to a freeze injury to the somatosensorial cortex. The effect of the cryolesion on motor function was evaluated with the horizontal ladder beam test, and the results showed that both TNFR1KO and TNFR2KO mice made fewer errors, suggesting a detrimental role for TNFR1/TNFR2 signaling for coping with brain damage. Expression of ∼22600 genes was analyzed using an Affymetrix chip (MOE430A) at 0 (unlesioned), 1, or 4 days post‐lesion in the three strains. The results show a unique and major role of both TNF receptors on the pattern of gene expression elicited by the injury but also in normal conditions, and suggest that blocking of TNFR1/TNFR2 receptors may be beneficial after a traumatic brain injury. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Purification and spectroscopic characterization of the recombinant BG21 isoform of murine golli myelin basic protein
Authors: Bamm Vladimir V. , Ahmed Mumdooh A.M. , Ladizhansky Vladimir , Harauz George 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA recombinant form of the murine Golli‐myelin basic protein (MBP) isoform BG21 (rmBG21) has been expressed in E. coli, and isolated to 96% purity via metal chelation chromatography. Characteristic yields were 6–8 mg protein per liter of culture in either minimal M9 or standard Luria‐Bertani media. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that rmBG21 had a large proportion of random coil in aqueous solution, but gained α‐helix in the presence of monosialoganglioside GM1 and PI(4)P, as well as in the membrane‐mimetic solvent trifluoroethanol. Bioinformatics analyses of the amino acid sequence of rmBG21 predicted an N‐terminal calmodulin (CaM)‐binding site. It was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering that rmBG21 and CaM interacted weakly in a 1:1 ratio in a Ca2+‐dependent manner. Solution NMR spectra of uniformly [13C15N]‐labeled protein in aqueous buffer were consistent with it being an extended protein; spectral quality was independent of temperature. Thus, like “classic” MBP and the Golli‐MBP isoform J37, rmBG21 is intrinsically disordered, implying multi functionality, and that its conformation depends on its environment and bound ligands. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Manipulation of proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow‐derived neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zeng Zhaohui , Yuan Xiangpeng , Liu Gentao , Zeng Xianhao , Zeng Xiaorong , Ng Hiushan , Chen Haiming , Jiang Tingxin , Akasaki Yasuharu , Kessey Kofi , Black Keith L. , Yu John S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRecent evidence has demonstrated that neural stem cells (NSC) can be expanded from a variety of sources, including embryos, fetuses, and adult bone marrow and brain tissue. We have previously reported the generation of adult rat bone marrow‐derived cellular spheres that are morphologically and phenotypically similar to neurospheres derived from brain NSC. Here we show that adult human bone marrow‐derived neural stem cells (HBM‐NSC) are capable of generating spheres that are similar to brain neural‐derived neurospheres. Additionally, we sought to promote proliferation and differentiation of HBM‐NSC through transduction with nonreplicative recombinant adenovirus encoding the cDNA sequence for Gli, rADV‐Gli‐1; sonic hedgehog, rADV‐Shh; or Nurr1, rADV‐Nurr1. Immunocytochemistry and RT‐PCR analysis showed that HBM‐NSC could be efficiently expanded and differentiated in vitro and that HBM‐NSC transduced with rADV‐Gli‐1 or rADV‐Shh dramatically increased NSC time‐related proliferation; however, Nurr1 had no effect on proliferation. We also transplanted HBM‐NSC into chicken embryos to examine their potential function in vivo. We found that transduction of HBM‐NSC with rADV‐Gli‐1 or rADV‐Shh and subsequent transplantation into chicken embryos increased HBM‐NSC proliferation, whereas rADV‐Nurr1 promoted migration and differentiation in vivo. Our findings suggest that HBM‐NSC can be efficiently expanded and differentiated in vitro and in vivo by overexpressing Gli‐1, Shh or Nurr1. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recovery of the depolarization ratio of single lines from overlapping isotropic and anisotropic Raman profiles and assignment of molecular vibrations, with special reference to toluene and toluene‐d8
Authors: Kirillov S. A. , Morresi A. , Paolantoni M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIf a Raman line consists of several overlapping components, any attempt to perform a quantitative analysis of the wavenumber‐dependent depolarization ratio ρ(ν) fails, since ρ(ν) of a composite line is not an additive function of ρ(ν) of its constituents, and for a composite line representing an envelope of i single lines, ρcomp(ν) ≠ ∑ρi(ν). This situation causes significant difficulties in the analysis of Raman spectra, especially in the case of weak lines (overtones, combination bands, etc.) situated in the close vicinity of strong fundamentals. In this paper, a specific algorithm is employed to recover isotropic and anisotropic Raman profiles. Using toluene and toluene‐d8 as examples, it is shown that the ρ(ν) spectra of all components of a composite spectrum can be easily restored, facilitating the assignment of overtones, hot bands, and combination bands. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐operative neck surgery for well‐differentiated thyroid cancer of follicular origin
Authors: Monchik Jack M. , DeLellis Ronald A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis review focuses on the pathologic criteria for completion thyroidectomy in well differentiated thyroid cancer as well the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent disease. The roles of ultrasound in the diagnosis of a cervical recurrence, its value in determining the extent of lymph node dissection in the lateral compartment, and the importance of intra‐operative ultrasound in re‐operative thyroid surgery are discussed. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:714–718. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Sosa Julie Ann , Udelsman Robert 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThere has been a long debate about the optimal surgical management of differentiated thyroid cancer. It has focused on the extent of thyroidectomy, with recommendations ranging from thyroid lobectomy to total thyroidectomy. There is no randomized prospective trial addressing this issue; such a trial would be prohibitive, since differentiated thyroid cancer has a good prognosis and a long natural history. Instead, there is heavy reliance on retrospective analyses, as well as consensus expert opinion and experience. We review this evidence, along with recent recommendations from several professional associations. We believe that total or near‐total thyroidectomy followed by 131I ablation and thyroid hormone suppression are most appropriate for the majority of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, as retrospective analyses have shown that they reduce the risk of cancer recurrence, address the chance of multifocal intrathyroidal cancer, and facilitate use of surveillance scans and thyroglobulin monitoring for post‐operative recurrence. This recommendation comes with the caveat that total thyroidectomy must be performed safely, since there is evidence that surgeon volume is associated with patient outcomes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:701–707. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Na+‐MMT Platelets on Monomer Casting Polyamide 6/Polyphenylene Oxide Blends
Authors: Liu Andong , Xie Tingxiu , Yang Guisheng 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSummary: Blend composites (95:5) of monomer casting polyamide 6 and polyphenylene oxide (MCPA6/PPO) with and without 0.5 wt.‐% Na+‐montmorillonite (Na+‐MMT) platelets were prepared by in situ AROP of CL using water as a pre‐dispersant of Na+‐MMT. The effect of Na+‐MMT on morphologies of MCPA6/PPO has been studied by scanning and transmission electron micrographs and rotational rheometer, respectively. The domain size of PPO dispersed phase in the MCPA6 matrix decreased significantly from some dozens of micrometers to about 1 µm and all Na+‐MMT was dispersed only in the MCPA6 phase. It is considered that the high aspect ratio of the Na+‐MMT prevented the coalescence of PPO domains during in situ polymerization. The results of DSC indicated that the size of PPO dispersed phase affected the crystalline behavior. Synergistic action of PPO and Na+‐MMT improved the strength and the toughness of nanocomposites compared with that of the pure MCPA6.SEM micrographs of the cryo‐fractured surfaces of (A) MCPA6/PPO (95:5) and (B) MCPA6/PPO/Na+‐MMT (95:5:0.5).magnified imageSEM micrographs of the cryo‐fractured surfaces of (A) MCPA6/PPO (95:5) and (B) MCPA6/PPO/Na+‐MMT (95:5:0.5).
Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes with Well‐Defined Functional Polymers via Thiol‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: You Ye‐Zi , Hong Chun‐Yan , Pan Cai‐Yuan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSummary: Thiol‐reactive‐functionality decorated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been obtained. Trithiocarbonate‐ended poly(N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (PHPMA) is prepared by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) using S‐1‐dodecyl‐S′‐(α,α′‐dimethyl‐α″‐acetic acid)trithiocarbonate as chain transfer agent, subsequently, thiol‐terminated PHPMA (PHPMA‐SH) is obtained by treating trithiocarbonate‐ended PHPMA with hexylamine. The PHPMA‐S‐S‐MWNT conjugate is formed by simply stirring the mixture of thiol‐reactive‐functionality decorated MWNTs with PHPMA‐SH in phosphate buffered saline by a thiol‐coupling reaction. FT‐IR, HRTEM, 1H NMR, and TGA results show that this thiol‐coupling reaction is effective to produce aqueous soluble polymer–MWNT conjugates under mild conditions.Thiol‐reactive‐functionality decorated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes are modified with thiol end‐capped polymers by a thiol‐coupling reaction.magnified imageThiol‐reactive‐functionality decorated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes are modified with thiol end‐capped polymers by a thiol‐coupling reaction.
Assessing the role of DRD5 and DYT1 in two different case–control series with primary blepharospasm
Authors: Clarimon Jordi , Brancati Francesco , Peckham Elizabeth , Valente Enza Maria , Dallapiccola Bruno , Abruzzese Giovanni , Girlanda Paolo , Defazio Giovanni , Berardelli Alfredo , Hallett Mark , Singleton Andrew B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPrimary blepharospasm is a common adult‐onset focal dystonia. Polymorphisms of the genes encoding TorsinA (DYT1) and the D5 dopamine receptor (DRD5) have previously been associated with lifetime risk for focal dystonia. We describe here experiments testing common variability within these two genes in two independent cohorts of Italian and North American patients with primary blepharospasm. We have failed to identify a consistent association with disease in the two patient groups examined here; however, analysis of the Italian group reveals an association with the same risk genotype in DYT1 as previously described in an Icelandic population. We have also found global significant DYT1 haplotype differences between patients and controls in the Italian series. These data suggest that further examination is warranted of the role genetic variability at this locus plays in the risk for primary dystonia. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Regional metabolic changes in Parkinsonian patients with normal dopaminergic imaging
Authors: Eckert Thomas , Feigin Andrew , Lewis Daniel E. , Dhawan Vijay , Frucht Steven , Eidelberg David 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDopaminergic imaging has been found to be normal in approximately 15% of parkinsonian patients enrolled in neuroprotective trials. We used 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) to determine the metabolic basis for this finding. We reviewed scans from 185 patients with clinical signs of Parkinson's disease (PD) who underwent 18F‐fluorodopa PET imaging for diagnostic confirmation. Of this group, 27 patients (14.6%) had quantitatively normal scans; 8 of these patients were additionally scanned with FDG PET. Pattern analysis was performed on an individual scan basis to determine whether the metabolic changes were consistent with classic PD. Computer‐assisted single‐case assessments of the FDG PET scans of these 8 patients did not disclose patterns of regional metabolic change compatible with classical PD or an atypical parkinsonian variant. Similarly, network quantification revealed that PD‐related pattern expression was not elevated in these patients as it was in an age‐ and duration‐matched cohort with classical PD (P < 0.0001). None of these patients developed clinical signs of classical PD or of an atypical parkinsonian syndrome at a follow‐up visit conducted 3 years after imaging. The results suggest that parkinsonian subjects with normal dopaminergic imaging do not have evidence of classical PD or an atypical parkinsonian syndrome. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Brainstem respiratory control: Substrates of respiratory failure of multiple system atrophy
Authors: Benarroch Eduardo E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMultiple system atrophy may manifest with severe respiratory disorders, including sleep apnea and laryngeal stridor, which reflect a failure of automatic control of respiration. This function depends on a pontomedullary network of interconnected neurons located in the parabrachial/Kölliker Fuse nucleus in the pons, nucleus of the solitary tract, and ventrolateral medulla. Neurons in the preBötzinger complex expressing neurokinin‐1 receptors are critically involved in respiratory rhythmogenesis, whereas serotonergic neurons in the medullary raphe and glutamatergic neurons located close to the ventral medullary surface are involved in central chemosensitivity to hypercapnia, hypoxia, or both. Pathological studies using selective neurochemical markers indicate that these neuronal groups are affected in multiple system atrophy. This finding may provide potential anatomical substrates for the respiratory manifestations of the disease. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
The nature and influence of motivation within the MOA framework: implications for social marketing
Authors: Binney Wayne , Hall John , Oppenheim Peter 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Social marketers acknowledge that to achieve optimum programme outcomes, identification and targeting of the non‐conforming cohort is paramount. This article discusses the application of the social marketing framework, motivation, opportunity and ability (MOA) with a particular focus on the motivation aspect of the model. Motivation is considered from the perspectives of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

Previously, the degree or level of motivation has been used in the operationalisation of the motivation construct, while in this paper the type of motivation is used as the basis for the construct. The construct is then applied to an environmental land management study, namely a rabbit control programme.

Specifically, the aims of this paper were to further develop the MOA constructs, with a particular focus on motivation, including intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, to develop an understanding of the factors that are associated with ineffective behaviour and to develop a model to predict effective/ineffective control behaviour.

Scales were developed to enable a study of the relationship between the MOA constructs, including intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and the respondents control behaviour. Data were collected from a random sample of 566 respondents who were involved in the control programme. Using ANOVA and MANOVA techniques, significant differences were found between those landholders that exhibited effective control and ineffective control with regard to all MOA constructs.

A multinomial logit (MNL) regression model was then developed to predict behaviour. This model showed that ability and intrinsic motivation were significant predictors of behaviour. The estimated model was able to predict recalcitrant landholders with 98% accuracy. The results of this study therefore provide a significant contribution to social marketing as it is the recalcitrant cohort that social marketers wish to understand and whose behaviour they frequently attempt to rectify in order to achieve stated social and/or environmental objectives. The implications for related social market theory, policy development and environmental management programmes are discussed.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethnocentric tendencies amongst arts audiences
Authors: Kottasz Rita , Bennett Roger 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

According to empirical research, the most regular consumers of art are well‐to‐do, well‐educated members of the social elite who, as a socio‐demographic group, would not be expected to exhibit ethnocentric tendencies. Yet, curators of arts institutions and art critics have long been concerned that ethnocentrism does exist amongst visitors to museums and art galleries. This paper reports the findings of a study that investigated the ethnocentric tendencies of arts audiences in Hungary (where, allegedly, individuals are more inclined to exhibit ethnocentric bias) and England (where the opposite is said to be true). The research examined whether ethnocentrism significantly impacted upon perceptions of artworks from (i) a visitor's own country, (ii) a culturally similar and (iii) a culturally dissimilar country. Intentions to attend art exhibitions featuring artists from these countries were then explored. The empirical analysis confirmed that individuals who exhibited ethnocentric tendencies did in fact overvalue the quality of artworks from their home country. Moreover, ethnocentrism within the Hungarian (but not the English) sample had a significant impact on intentions to visit particular types of exhibition.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inflation lung mechanics deteriorates markedly after saline instillation and open endotracheal suctioning in mechanically ventilated healthy piglets
Authors: Cunha‐Goncalves Doris , Perez‐de‐Sá Valéria , Ingimarsson Jónas , Werner Olof , Larsson Anders 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIntroduction Non‐bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage is an alternative to diagnostic bronchoscopy in pediatric patients, as fiberoptic bronchoscopes with aspiration channels are too large for small infants. There are many variations of the method in clinical practice, and saline instillation followed by open endotracheal suctioning is still commonly used. Lung function can deteriorate with these procedures, and we have investigated the effects on lung mechanics and oxygenation in healthy piglets. Methods The lungs of anesthetized and mechanically ventilated piglets were recruited with CPAP 35 cmH2O. Thereafter we instilled 5 ml of saline into the endotracheal tube, followed by three breaths from the ventilator. Saline was retrieved through a suction catheter wedged far distally in the airway. The procedure was followed by a new recruitment maneuver. Complete inspiratory/expiratory pressure–volume loops (PV‐loops) were obtained just before and 5 min after saline instillation. Arterial blood gases were collected at equivalent times in 14 similar piglets submitted to exactly the same procedure. Results The inspiratory limb of the PV‐loops changed markedly, as the lower inflection point was displaced towards higher pressures (P = 0.004), and hysteresis measured at 15 and 30 cmH2O increased (P = 0.004 and P = 0.012, respectively). Although PaO2 decreased significantly (P = 0.001), values after saline instillation/suctioning were still in the high normal range, that is, 22.2 ± 2.6 kPa. Conclusions Opening pressures of the lungs increase markedly after saline instillation/suctioning in healthy piglets. In this situation, adequate recruitment maneuvers and PEEP might prevent lung collapse and deteriorations in arterial oxygenation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:10–14. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Airway pressure release ventilation: A pediatric case series
Authors: Krishnan Jambunathan , Morrison Wynne 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAirway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is a relatively new mode of mechanical ventilation (MV) first described in animal studies in 1987 and in humans in 1988. It is a time‐triggered, time‐cycled, pressure‐limited mode where a high level of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is maintained with brief regular releases in pressure, and spontaneous breathing is allowed throughout the cycle. In theory, it is consistent with a lung protective approach while having some hypothetical advantages over HFOV. The use of this mode of ventilation in pediatrics has been limited. The authors describe their experience with this mode of ventilation in a series of pediatric patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:83–88. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular design of fullerene‐based ultralow‐k dielectrics
Authors: Wang Yuekui , Seifert Gotthard , Hermann Helmut 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe article [1] presents results of a quantum‐theoretical study of hypothetical interlayer dielectrics for semiconducting circuits. The configuration shown in the cover picture consists of two C60 fullerenes connected by a silicon‐containing C(COO)2Si0.5 molecule. This fullerene dimer acts as basic structural unit of a fullerene polymer proposed as a new insulating material with extremely low dielectric constant of k = 1.5 for application in future devices.The work is a joint collaboration of IFW (H. Hermann), Technical University Dresden (G. Seifert), and AMD Saxony while Y. Wang was a guest scientist working on this project together with his co‐authors. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of influence of electrical induction on electrostatic interaction of atoms and molecules in solution. 1. Dependence of atomic charges in molecule from environment based on the model of FQ theory
Authors: Keshtova Svetlana V. , Keshtova Fatima M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA new scheme to predict the behavior of atomic charges in molecules that depend on the environment is described. This method combines some advantages of earlier techniques (i.e., partial equalization of orbital electronegativities; fluctuating charge) and new approaches (i.e., two systems of σ and π electrons considered separately, with the use of new parameters). This method has avoided mistakes in the concept of dot charges on atoms. The new technique makes it possible to apply Thole's polarizabilities and van der Waals steric radii of atoms in molecules obtained from natural bond orbital (NBO) steric analysis. The new parameters demonstrate the degree of capability of the polarizabilities of atoms and bonds show the degree of mobility of electrons at creating the bond. The validity of our approximations is proved at a qualitative level. This new method can produce results showing good agreement with the results of ab initio calculations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007