bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of haploids in bread wheat, durum wheat and hexaploid triticale crossed with pearl millet
Authors: Inagaki M. N. , Hash C. T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPearl millet is an efficient alternative to maize as a pollen source for haploid production in bread wheat. To compare haploid production frequencies in other Triticeae species, the crossabilities of two genotypes each of bread wheat, durum wheat and hexaploid triticale with four pearl millet genotypes and a maize control were examined. Embryos were obtained from crosses of all three species with both pearl millet and maize. However, significant differences in crossability were found among the three species (10.5–79.8% seed development and 1.4–15.8% embryo formation), as well as among genotypes of durum wheat (7.2–23.7% and 2.1–6.4%) and hexaploid triticale (0.3–20.6% and 0.1–2.7%). Crossability of bread wheat with pearl millet was relatively high. Haploid plants were regenerated from crosses of all three species with pearl millet. As in the case of maize crosses, low crossabilities of durum wheat and hexaploid triticale with pearl millet can be attributed to the absence of D‐genome chromosomes.
Morphological characteristics of hybrids between white clover, Trifolium repens L., and Caucasian clover, Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb
Authors: Abberton M. T. , Michaelson‐Yeates T. P. T. , Marshall A. H. , Holdbrook‐Smith K. , Rhodes I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHybrids between the stoloniferous Trifolium repens (2n = 4x = 32) and the rhizomatous Trifolium ambiguum (2n = 4x = 32) have been produced using T. repens as the recurrent parent. Morphological characteristics of the parent species and the F1, BC1, BC2 and BC3 hybrids were examined in a glasshouse experiment. Leaflet ratios and general plant shape indicated that the BC3 hybrid was similar to T. repens. Separation of plants into components of above‐ and below‐ground growth showed that T. repens had a greater total plant dry weight than T. ambiguum but 24% of its dry weight was in roots compared with 22% in roots and 44% in rhizomes in T. ambiguum. The BC3 generation contained plants that were predominantly T. repens‐like with stolons, but also had a small proportion of their total dry weight (3%) as rhizome, confirming the potential to produce plants that combine stoloniferous and rhizomatous growth. The proportions of rhizome and stolon varied within the BC3 generation, enabling farther selection and plant breeding. The BC3 hybrids produced similar numbers of inflorescences to T. repens however, fertility was lower, although there was some variation within the BC3 for both characters.
Fusarium vascular wilt in lentil: Inheritance and identification of DNA markers for resistance
Authors: Eujayl I. , Erskine W. , Bayaa B. , Baum M. , Pehu E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance of resistance to lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis was investigated in a cross between resistant (ILL5588) and susceptible (L692–16‐l(s)) lines. F2:4 progenies and F6:8, F6:9 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations were assessed for their wilt reaction for three seasons in a well‐established wilt‐sick plot. Resistance to wilt was conditioned by a single dominant gene in the populations studied. The map location of the Fw locus was identified for the first time through linkage to a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker (OPK‐15900) at 10.8 cM. Two other RAPD markers (OP‐BH800 and OP‐DI5500) identified by bulked segregant analysis were associated in the coupling phase with the resistance trait, and another marker (OP‐C04650) was associated with repulsion. The DNA markers reported here will provide a starting point in marker‐assisted selection for vascular wilt resistance in lentil.
Efficient shoot regeneration and somatic embryogenesis from immature cotyledons of Brassica napus L.
Authors: Turgut K. , Barghchi M. , Scott R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractImmature cotyledons of Brassica napus cv.‘Topas’ were used to investigate the effects of various naphthaleneacetic acid and benzylaminopurine concentrations on morphogenesis in vitro. A high efficiency of adventitious shoot regeneration and somatic embryogenesis was achieved on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with the above growth regulators. Two types of somatic embryogenesis were obtained, the first directly and the second via a callus stage.
Inheritance of wheat stem rust resistance in triticale
Authors: Adhikari K. N. , McIntosh R. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenetic studies were conducted on nine triticale cultivars and lines lo determine the presence and identity of stem rust resistance genes. The lines were intercrossed and their F2 and F3 generations were tested with selected pathotypes of Puccinia graminis tritici. Segregation in seedling tesis showed the presence of two new genes SrLal and SrLa2 in ‘Lasko’, SrBj anil SrJ in ‘Bejon’. SrVen in ‘Currency’, SrBj in ‘Abacus’ and ‘RM4’ and SrNin in ‘Tahara’, ‘Maidan’ and ‘Madonna’ SrBj, SrNin, SrLal and SrLa2 were genetically independent and each conferred resistance to the currently important Australian P. graminis tritici pt 34‐2.12.13, whereas SrJ and SrVen conferred moderately susceptible reactions to the same pathotype. SrVen segregated independently of SrBj, but the relationship of SrVen with the other genes was noi determined. The typical low infection types conferred by SrBj and SrJ were best expressed at temperatures above 21 C, Prolamine separations nsinj; sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel elcclrophoresis confirmed that SiNin and SrBj were located in chromosome 2R. The gene SrLal behaved as a third allele at or near the Sr27, SrSatu locus in chromosome 3R, The present work demonstrated that chromosomes 2R and 3R are important bearers of genes Tor stem rust resistance in hexaploid iriticale.
Changes over time in the adaptation of barley releases in north‐eastern Spain
Authors: Munoz P. , Voltas J. , Araus J.L. , Igartua E. , Romagosa I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to characterize grain yield and adaptation of barley cultivars released in recent decades in north‐eastern Spain. Ten six‐rowed and 10 two‐rowed barley genotypes were grown in eight environments. Mean yields varied among environments between 1.7 and 5.8 tha−1. New releases showed higher mean yields and were specifically adapted to nonlimiting growing conditions. The average genetic advances were estimated as 40.7 and 32.9 kg ha−1 years−1 for two‐ and six‐rowed genotypes, respectively, in the four most productive environments. Old genotypes, with lower overall grain yields, were specifically adapted to the poorer sites. A negative genetic gain, estimated as ‐14.8kg ha−1 years−1. was reorded for six‐rowed culiivars in the four poorest sites. No significant association was observed between heading date and year of release. Variations in carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) were examined to assess whether changes in adaptation could be partially explained by shifts in the genoiypic transpiration efficiency (TE) over time, in the most favourable environments, new releases showed the highest grain yields and carbon isotope discrimination values (Δ). By contrast, older cultivars had constitutively? lower Δs and therefore higher TEs. These results suggest a genetic association between low TE and yield potential and specific adaptation to stress‐free conditions so that selection for yield under favourable conditions could have resulted in an indirect downward genetic shift in the TE of modern cultivars.
Inter simple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction for the detection of somaclonal variation
Authors: Alhani M. C. , Wilkinson M. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInter simple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction (ISSR‐PCR) analysis is quick, simple and generates complex bind profiles. The technique has been used widely for DNA fingerprinting and genetic distance analysis. In this study, the potential of ISSR‐PCR is evaluated for the detection of somaclonal variation in potalo tissue culture regenerants. Four primers were used to screen 40 regenerants of Solanum tuberosum cv. ‘Skirma’ for genetic change arising from callus culture. Two regenerants were found to have altered hand profiles. The use of an additional 13 primers on these variant clones failed to reveal any further evidence of genetic change. The potential and limitations of the approach for assessing the incidence of somaclonal variation is discussed.
Genetic parameters of several biochemical compounds from green coffee, Coffea canephora
Authors: Montagnon C. , Guyot B. , Cilas C. , Leroy T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA factorial crossing scheme of Cofflea canephora (two parents from the Congolese group crossed to 14 parents of the Guinean group) was used to evaluate genetic parameters of several biochemical compounds, bean weight and crop outturn (ration of dry bean weight 10 fresh berry weight). For most characters studied, additive genetic effects were preponderant. Narrow‐sense heritability was high for caffeine content (h2ns= 0.80), fat matter content (h2ns, = 0.74), bean weight (h2ns= 0.73) and crop outturn (h2ns= 1). It was intermediate for trigonelline (h2ns= 0.38) and chlorogenic acid (h2ns= 0.36) content. Only sucrose content had a low narrow‐sense heritability (h2ns=0.11). There were few genetic and enviromnental correlations, Consequences for breeding, in relation to coffee drinking quality, are discussed.
Interactionism, idiographics, and the social psychological invasion of personality
Authors: Kenrick Douglas T. , Dantchik Arthur 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe present paper discusses three recent developments in the field of Personality: (1) an infusion of social psychologists, (2) a proliferation of interactionist models, (3) the development of methodological strategies combining nomothetic and idiographic approaches. Advantages and disadvantages of these developments are discussed, and three problems associated with them are addressed: (1) an overemphasis on phenomenology, (2) an overemphasis on idiosyncracy, and (3) an unsatisfactory level of theory development. It is concluded that the present developments have had a stimulating effect on the field but they need to be integrated with the traditional personological goals of: (1) developing taxonomy of individuals (as well as a taxonomy of interactions) and (2) developing a more satisfactory theory of the whole organism within which to embed our minitheories. We recommend that such a theory attempt to incorporate the insights of the social learning and social cognition approaches with the recent and exciting developments in evolutionary theory.
Aggregation and beyond: Some basic issues on the prediction of behavior
Authors: Epstein Seymour 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFailure to appreciate the role that aggregation plays in increasing reliability and validity and in establishing the range of generalization of findings has resulted in misunderstandings about the stability of behavior across time and situations, and in the conduct of experiments that produce results that tend to be neither generalizable nor replicable. Appropriate aggregation can reduce error variance associated with the unrepresentativeness of individual stimuli, situations, occasions, judges, items of behavior, and subjects. Inappropriate aggregation can result not only in a loss of information but also in a reduction in reliability as well as validity. Different approaches to prediction with single items of behavior are discussed, and it is concluded that single items tend to be too unreliable and too narrow in scope to measure broad dispositions such as traits. A major emphasis is that behavior is often so highly situationally specific that unless this is taken into account by procedures such as aggregation over situations and/or occasions, or by the investigation of events that are so highly ego‐involving that experimental effects dominate situation‐ally unique effects, results will tend to be unreplicable or ungeneralizable, no matter what their level of statistical significance.
Studies in intuitive personology from an idiothetic point of view: Implications for personality theory
Authors: Lamiell James T. , Foss Mark A. , Larson Randy J. , Hempel Ann M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFollowing Lamiell's (1981) critique of the individual differences approach to the scientific study of personality, questions have arisen concerning (a) the nature of the empirical research to which the “idiotheric” framework he proposed as an alternative has thus far led, and (b) the wider theoretical implications of that research. The present article seeks to address these questions within the medium of research on the nature of the reasoning process by which lay persons formulate and express subjective personality impressions. It is argued that the findings of this research offer strong empirical support for a conception of the intuitive personologist as a dialectician. Among other things, the discussion of these findings focuses on their implications for a humanistic conception of the relation between cognition and behavior, and thus of personality more broadly defined.
Sex and sex role effects on achievement strivings: Dimensions of similarity and difference
Authors: Gaeddert William P 
Published: April 2006

AbstractModels of gender differences in achievement were examined to explore their accuracy and redundancy Self‐reports of successes and failures of females and males were content analyzed The eight dimensions postulated by Bakan (1966, agentic‐communal), Stem and Bailey (1973, task‐social), Kipins (1974, other‐directed, inner‐directed), and Veroff (1977, impact‐process) were collapsed into only two dimensions using factor analysis A domain dimension was used to consider the task (agentic) vs social (communal) nature of the achievement activities that were undertaken A performance evaluation dimension referred to whether people used intrinsic (inner‐directed, process) or extrinsic (other‐directed, impact) factors in evaluating their performance Analyses using measures of sex role identification, and the stereotypic masculinity or femininity of subjects’ achievements suggested (1) Sex role stereotypes are intimately related to the domains of achievement goals, however, women and men did not differ in the kinds of activities (domains) that they reported, and (2) women (intrinsic) and men (extrinsic) differed in how they defined success and failure, but these performance evaluation styles were not strongly related to sex role identification
Gender and individualistic vs. collectivist bases for notions about the self
Authors: Lykes M Brinton 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis article provides a critique of traditional psychological theories of the self that emphasize autonomy, separation, and independence, and ignore the inherently social character of the self Evidence from an empirical investigation of selected experiences of 84 white adult women and men who evidence two different notions of the self (autonomous individualism and social individuality) suggest that the culturally dominant notion of the self, rooted in assumptions of autonomy, independence, and separation, is but one orientation to the self A contrasting notion, social individuality, reflects a dialectical understanding of individuality and sociality grounded in an experience of social relations characterized by inequalities of power Preliminary research suggests that differences between women's and men's notions of the self are grounded in their different experiences of power These findings support a larger argument that research on the self in psychology must be grounded in an analysis of material social reality and reflect the dialectical relation of individuality and sociality
Methodological developments in personality research: An introduction
Authors: West Stephen G 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis article first provides a brief overview of some of the empirical and conceptual work in personality following Mischel's (1968) critique Strengths and weaknesses of traditional personality research designs including laboratory experiments, experimental personality designs, and preexperimental correlational studies are presented Some more recent approaches to designing laboratory research that attempt to address issues of external validity and approaches to designing field Investigations that attempt to address issues of internal validity are discussed Issues associated with the measurement of constructs, the broadening of measurement methods, and newer data analytic techniques are noted Finally, a brief orientation to the other papers in the special issue is presented
The person‐situation debate: A critical multiplist perspective
Authors: Houts Arthur C , Cook Thomas D , Shadish William R 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCritical multiplism is an approach to question and method choice predicated on the only partial validity of most current social science practices In the first part of this paper, the approach is described, and note is made of many of its advantages but also of two of its limitations Critical multiplism is then applied to the person‐situation debate The analysis reveals that major protagonists in the debate have often discussed different versions of what appears to be the same question, and they usually agree when they define the questions similarly The major real difference concerns predictions about the extent of cross‐situational consistency in behaviors This entails at least two subquestions (1) how consistent is the same molecular behavior across situations? and (2) how crosssituationally stable are different molecular behaviors presumed to indicate the same latent trait? Data from Peake (1982) reported in Mischel and Peake (1982) are then reanalyzed For molecular behaviors within the trait of conscientiousness, the central tendency of the cross‐situational correlation is between 30 and 50, while for the nine different behaviors measured as most prototypical of the latent trait of conscientiousness it is in the 30 to 40 range While these values are higher than those of Mischel and Peake (1982), comparable analyses of their friendliness data failed to replicate the results for conscientiousness, cautioning us not to overgeneralize estimates of cross‐situational consistency from any of the analyses currently available
The role of factor analysis in the development and evaluation of personality scales
Authors: Briggs Stephen R , Cheek Jonathan M 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine the usefulness of factor analysis in developing and evaluating personality scales that measure limited domain constructs The approach advocated follows from several assumptions that a single scale ought to measure a single construct, that factor analysis ought to be applied routinely to new personality scales, and that the factors of a scale are important if it can be demonstrated that they are differentially related to other measures A detailed study of the Self‐Monitoring Scale illustrates how factor analysis can help us to understand what a scale measures A second example uses the self‐esteem literature to illustrate how factor analysis can clarify the proliferation of scales within a single content domain Both examples show how factor analysis can be used to identify important conceptual distinctions Confirmatory techniques are also introduced as a means for testing specific hypotheses It is concluded that factor analysis can make an important contribution to programmatic research in personality psychology
Structural equation models and personality research
Authors: Judd Charles M , Jessor Richard , Donovan John E 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis article is a nontechnical introduction to the use of structural equation models in personality research Although such models can be fruitfully used to address a variety of important theoretical issues, the substantive focus in this article is on the use of such models for elucidating the construct validity of personality measures We include numerous more specific topics under our treatment of construct validity First of all, we show how structural equation models can be applied to the issues of convergent and discriminant validity Do our variables measure the constructs we want them to measure and not other constructs that we would prefer not to measure? Second, we show the utility of structural equation models for predictive validity Do our variables reliably predict other constructs with which they are theoretically linked? Finally, we examine the stability of personality constructs through structural equation models Through‐out, our emphasis is on the particular advantages that structural equation models bring to these analytic tasks Ultimately, such models must be used in the service of theory, and when used appropriately, they can help us to refine both our measures and our theories of individual differences
The Social Relations Model: An integrative method for personality research
Authors: Malloy Thomas E , Kenny David A 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAs outlined by Snyder and Ickes (1985), the study of personality can be undertaken using one of three research approaches dispositional, situational, and interactive We show how the Social Relations Model provides an integrative method to estimate simultaneously dispositional, situational, and interactive effects Reviewed are component approaches to the study of personality The Social Relations Model is shown to be a component model (a special case of generalizability theory) applied in a social interaction context In the model, dispositional, situational, and interactive effects are termed actor, partner, and relationship effects, respectively The Social Relations Model can be used to answer a number of important issues in personality research The model can be used to assess reliability, measure the validity of self‐ratings, and validate self‐report inventories The model requires special designs in winch each person interacts with multiple partners Empirical examples are presented in which social anxiety, sex role inventories, and self‐disclosure are studied
Behavioral genetic methods
Authors: Plomin Robert 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTraditional behavioral genetic methods involve the use primarily of family, twin, and adoption correlations to estimate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences in the etiology of individual differences These methods and representative results for personality are described However, newer methods are emphasized structural models and model–fitting, multivariate analysis, genetic change and continuity in development, shared and non‐shared components of environmental variance, and genetic components of “environmental” variation Because most applications of these behavioral genetic methods to the study of personality involve self‐report omnibus questionnaires, an important direction for future research in this area is to use these methods to explore new issues and new measures that have emerged from personality theory and research during the past decade