bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does health care for systemic development?
Authors: Sheffield James 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe paper critically evaluates systems approaches to knowledge management to identify if health care professionals value systemic development. Research in knowledge management and health informatics is reviewed to see if multiple systems perspectives exist, and if and how concepts from multiple systems perspectives are integrated, or ‘swept in’ to a complex whole. The first finding is that knowledge management strategies in health do ‘sweep in’ insights from three systems perspectives: personal learning (knowledge creation); communities of practice (knowledge normalization) and the exercise of technical expertise and technology (knowledge application). The second finding is that health knowledge management has an architecture that does promote systemic development. An empirical case example of systemic intervention by an executive team is discussed in terms of micro evolution in social ecology. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How can we break the mould? Democracy, semiotics and regional governance
Authors: McIntyre‐Mills Janet J. , de Vries Denise , Christakis Aleco , Bausch Ken 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPersonal moral responsibility, public ethics and accountability in policy making and governance are the essential ingredients (supported by legal measures) which we need in order to institutionalize respectful dialogue across diverse stakeholders at the local, national and international level. The idea is to ensure that the process supports subsidiarity, namely those at the receiving end of a decision should be party to the decision making process, thereby ensuring that complex decisions can be made that represent the needs of the majority whilst taking into account the needs of the minority whose ideas could be vital for problem solving. By engaging in processes that enhance participatory democracy we can match decisions more appropriately and enable people to have ownership of the ideas. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobius bands and Mandelbrot sets as metaphors for systemic praxis
Authors: McIntyre‐Mills Janet J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis essay explores a ‘Linkage proposition’, to use Len Troncale's expression, that the universe—both social and natural—is a feedback/feed forward loop. Mathematically, it can be described as recursive Mobius Band (see Kauffman, 2006). Energy transfer and communication link social and natural systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empirical Modeling of Starch Ester Synthesis from Octenylsuccinic Anhydride
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Elham , Mehranian Mehrnaz , Vahabzadeh Farzaneh 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn the present work, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the mathematical relationship between octenylsuccinic anhydride (OSA) treated maize starch and the octenylsuccinylation reaction conditions. A second‐order polynomial model was chosen to approximate the relationship between the response variable (y, as the degree of substitution “DS” used to define the extent of the octenylsuccinylation) and the three regressors, x1 as the temperature, x2 as the time and x3 as the pH. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high R2 coefficient of 0.9905, thus ensuring a satisfactory adjustment of the selected model with the experimental data. Only temperature‐pH interaction was found to have a non‐significant effect. The positive sign for the regression coefficient of the temperature variable indicated that the yDS increased with the increased levels of this factor from 25 to 45°C. The negative sign for the coefficient of time and also pH indicated that yDS decreased as either the time or pH increased in the region of the tested range. The negative coefficients of the interaction between x2 and x3 indicated that a simultaneous increase in reaction time with decrease in pH of the esterification reaction led to an increase in yDS. Maize starch octenylsuccinate synthesis on basis of its DS value was optimized for the three independent variables tested in this study. The predicted value for the DS was 0.02 where temperature, time and pH of the reaction were 28.0°C, 8.1 h, and pH 7.11, respectively. Results of some of the selected physicochemical properties of starch, tested in the present work were also discussed.
Biodiversity of Legume Health‐promoting Starch
Authors: Mikulíková Daniela , Masár Štefan , Kraic Ján 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe content of retrograded resistant starch (RS3) and RS3/total starch ratio was determined in 74 cultivars of six legumes currently found in human food. There were significant differences in individual crops as well as their cultivars. All analysed legumes (except soybean) are a suitable natural source of health‐promoting RS3. The highest levels of RS3 were found in peas. There were extensive differences in RS3 content and RS3/total starch ratio in the latter crop types. Higher resistant and lower total starch amounts were found in wrinkle seeded peas. Maximal RS3 content was detected in Ctirad, Dinara, Royal Salute and Elkan cultivars. In smooth seeded peas, lower resistant and higher total starch were estimated. High RS3 levels were also observed in lentils, especially in the LCMB12/58 and LCMB1941 cultivars. Similar RS3 values were found in the chickpea, faba bean and kidney bean. The highest RS3 levels were demonstrated in the kidney bean Ultima, Fabia, 545/97472 and 545/974532; chickpea Alfa, CM7185, BG004233, PK51814 and 88199; and faba bean Alfréd and Omar cultivars. No soybean cultivar was found to be a suitable source of RS3.
Physicochemical Properties of Starch in Sago Palms (Metroxylon sagu) at Different Growth Stages
Authors: Tie Adrina Pei‐lang , Karim Alias A. , Manan Dos Mohamed A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study was aimed to examine the physicochemical properties of starch extracted from two different points (base and mid heights) of the sago palms trunks (Metroxylon sagu) of different physiological growth stages namely, ‘Plawei’, ‘Bubul’, ‘Angau Muda’, ‘Angau Tua’ and ‘Late Angau Tua’ stages. The physicochemical properties of sago starch studied were the morphology of starch, amylose content, particle size and distribution profile, pasting, thermal and retrogradation profiles. The results showed significant differences in the amylose and amylopectin content as well as in the granule sizes of starch from the different growth stages. Variation was observed in the proportions of granule sizes and pasting properties of starch from base and mid heights of the different growth stages while slight or insignificant differences was observed in the thermal properties of sago starch.
Physicochemical and Biochemical Characterization of Starch Granules Isolated of Pigmented Maize Hybrids
Authors: Agama‐Acevedo Edith , de la Rosa Ana P. Barba , Méndez‐Montealvo Guadalupe , Bello‐Pérez Luís A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this study, the morphological and physicochemical of pigmented maizes as well as the initial characterization of the corresponding starch granule enzymes are described. Starch granules were isolated from blue, black, and white maize. They were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, particle size distribution, pasting characteristics, sorption isotherms, differential scanning calorimetry, and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. The morphology of the starch granules of pigmented maizes was different from the granules of white maize; the pattern was related to the endosperm type of these varieties. The average starch granule size was higher for black than for white and blue maizes. The average gelatinization temperature was similar in the three starches, but the pigmented maizes had higher gelatinization enthalpy; black maize starch showed the lowest enthalpy of retrogradation. These results indicated that the starches from the three maizes analyzed had different organization level. Black maize starch showed the highest peak viscosity followed by white and blue maize starches. In the gel electrophoresis three starch granules presented one main spot at pI of 5 and MW of 60 kDa that corresponds to the granule‐bound starch synthase. Blue and white starches presented some spots near 97 kDa at pI of 5.3–5.7 (white maize) and 5.1–5.5 (blue maize), spots that were not observed for black maize starch. The morphological and physicochemical characteristics of maize starch are related to the enzymes involved in its biosynthesis.
Carboxymethyl Starch Octenylsuccinate: Microwave‐ and Ultrasound‐assisted Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Čížová Alžbeta , Sroková Iva , Sasinková Vlasta , Malovíková Anna , Ebringerová Anna 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of water‐soluble octenylsuccinates of carboxymethyl starch (OS‐CMS) was performed with octenylsuccinic anhydride by assistance of microwave and ultrasound irradiation using the dimethyl sulphoxide/p‐toluenesulphonic acid system and DMSO as solvents for activation of CMS as well as reaction medium of the following esterification. The prepared OS‐CMS derivatives were characterized with regard to their structural, surface‐active and performance properties. The application of both microwave and ultrasound irradiation as energy sources permitted to shorten the esterification time to several minutes from 24 h of the previously reported conventional heating [33], whereby the reaction efficiencies were high and the water‐soluble derivatives exhibited excellent emulsifying efficiency as well as surfactant performance properties tested by washing power and antiredeposition efficiency. The results indicate also the high potential of both microwave and ultrasound energy sources to innovate and increase the efficiency of technological polysaccharide esterification processes.
System modeling and traceability applications of the higraph formalism
Authors: Fogarty Kevin , Austin Mark 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the use of higraphs as a means of representing dependencies and relationships among multiple aspects of system development models (e.g., requirements, hardware, software, testing concerns). We show how some well‐known diagram types in UML have counterpart higraph representations, how these models incorporate hierarchy and orthogonality, and how each model can be connected to the others in a useful (and formal) manner. Present‐day visual modeling languages such as UML and SysML do not readily support: (1) the traceability mechanisms required for the tracking of requirements changes and (2) built‐in support for systems validation. Higraphs also deviate from UML and SysML in their ability to model requirements, rules, and domain knowledge relevant to the development of models for system behavior and system structure. To accommodate these demands, an extension to the basic mathematical definition of higraphs is proposed. Capabilities of the extended higraph model are examined through the model development for an office network computing system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
Fetal growth between the first and second trimesters and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome
Authors: Pedersen N. G. , Wøjdemann K. R. , Scheike T. , Tabor A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo relate growth rate of the biparietal diameter (BPD) between the first and second trimesters to the risk of perinatal death, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), macrosomia, preterm/post‐term delivery and pre‐eclampsia.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analyzed sonographic BPD measurements at 11–14 and 17–21 weeks from 8215 singleton pregnancies in the Copenhagen First Trimester Study. Growth rate was defined as millimeters of growth per day between the two measurements and was dichotomized into growth rates < 2.5th vs. 2.5th–97.5th centiles, and > 97.5th vs. 2.5th–97.5th centiles. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs for adverse outcome were calculated.ResultsFetuses with growth rates < 2.5th centile had an OR of 4.79 (95% CI, 1.43–15.99) for perinatal death and an OR of 2.64 (95% CI, 1.51–4.62) for birth weight < sonographically estimated mean fetal weight (adjusted for gestational age) − 2 SD. Fetuses with growth rates > 97.5th centile had an OR of 2.83 (95% CI, 1.58–5.06) for birth weight > mean + 2 SD and an OR of 2.30 (95% CI, 1.15–4.59) for delivery in weeks 34–36. Growth rate showed no association with pre‐eclampsia.ConclusionsThere is a significant relationship between the growth rate of BPD from the first to the second trimester and adverse pregnancy outcome. Low growth rates are associated with an increased OR for perinatal death and IUGR, while high growth rates are associated with an increased OR for macrosomia and preterm delivery. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: prenatal diagnosis and possible influence on fetal growth
Authors: Delle Chiaie L. , Neuberger P. , Von Kalle T. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCongenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (IPSS) are abnormal vascular communications within the liver between branches of the portal vein and the hepatic veins. They have been recognized as an important disorder in children and should be differentiated from metabolic diseases, the symptoms of which may be similar. Several cases of prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities of the fetal venous system have been described in the literature, but the significance and prognosis of isolated congenital IPSS in prenatal life have not been reported and have only been derived from children. We present a case of congenital IPSS in which there was severe intrauterine growth restriction with a concomitant atypical fetal Doppler pattern. Findings on Doppler ultrasound indicate that the prenatal diagnosis of congenital IPSS is now feasible. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic effects of nano‐Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 on intumescent flame‐retarded polypropylene
Authors: Wang Xinlong , Song Ye , Bao Jianchun 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe melamine salt of 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaphos‐phorinane‐2‐oxide‐2‐hydroxide (IFR100) was used as an intumescent flame retardant in flame‐retarded polypropylene (PP). As a synergistic agent, nano‐Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 was incorporated into the PP/IFR100 composite at different proportions. The synergistic effects of nano‐Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 were studied by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The synergistic effect of the nano‐Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 additive with IFR100 was clearly observed by LOI. The TGA results showed that nano‐Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 improved the thermal stability of the PP/IFR100 system above 400°C. On the basis of the FTIR and XRD results, it was evident that nano‐Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 efficiently promoted the formation of a charred layer containing phosphocarbonaceous structures. The SEM micrographs indicated that nano‐Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 strengthened the structure of the char layer remaining after combustion. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
A small molecule‐directed approach to control protein localization and function
Authors: Geda Prasanthi , Patury Srikanth , Ma Jun , Bharucha Nike , Dobry Craig J. , Lawson Sarah K. , Gestwicki Jason E. , Kumar Anuj 
Published: July 2008

AbstractProtein localization is tightly linked with function, such that the subcellular distribution of a protein serves as an important control point regulating activity. Exploiting this regulatory mechanism, we present here a general approach by which protein location, and hence function, may be controlled on demand in the budding yeast. In this system a small molecule, rapamycin, is used to temporarily recruit a strong cellular address signal to the target protein, placing subcellular localization under control of the selective chemical stimulus. The kinetics of this system are rapid: rapamycin‐directed nucleo‐cytoplasmic transport is evident 10–12 min post‐treatment and the process is reversible upon removal of rapamycin. Accordingly, we envision this platform as a promising approach for the systematic construction of conditional loss‐of‐function mutants. As proof of principle, we used this system to direct nuclear export of the essential heat shock transcription factor Hsf1p, thereby mimicking the cell‐cycle arrest phenotype of an hsf1 temperature‐sensitive mutant. Our drug‐induced localization platform also provides a method by which protein localization can be uncoupled from endogenous cell signalling events, addressing the necessity or sufficiency of a given localization shift for a particular cell process. To illustrate, we directed the nuclear import of the calcineurin‐dependent transcription factor Crz1p in the absence of native stimuli; this analysis directly substantiates that nuclear translocation of this protein is insufficient for its transcriptional activity. In total, this technology represents a powerful method for the generation of conditional alleles and directed mislocalization studies in yeast, with potential applicability on a genome‐wide scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical Education and Training in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Collins John P. , Civil Ian D. , Sugrue Michael , Balogh Zsolt , Chehade Mellick J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSurgical education for medical students in Australia and New Zealand is provided by 19 universities in Australia and 2 in New Zealand. One surgical college is responsible for managing the education, training, assessment, and professional development programs for surgeons throughout both countries. The specialist surgical associations and societies act as agents of the college in the delivery of these programs, the extent of which varies among specialties. Historically, surgical training was divided into basic and specialist components with selection required for each part. In response to a number of factors, a new surgical education and training program has been developed. The new program incorporates a single merit‐based national selection directly into the candidate’s specialty of choice. The existing curriculum for each of the nine specialties has been remodeled to a competence‐based format in line with the competence required to undertake the essential roles of a surgeon. New standards and criteria have been produced for accreditation of health care facilities used for training. A new basic surgical skills education and training course has been developed, with simulation playing an increasing role in all courses. Trainees’ progress is assessed by workplace‐based assessment and formal examinations, including an exit examination. The sustained production of sufficient competent surgeons to meet societal needs encompasses many challenges including the recruitment of appropriate graduates and the availability of adequate educational and clinical resources to train them. Competence‐based training is an attractive educational philosophy, but its implementation has brought its own set of issues, many of which have yet to be resolved.
Pulmonary Resection for Metastases from Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Fengshi , Sato Kiyoshi , Fujinaga Takuji , Sonobe Makoto , Shoji Tsuyoshi , Sakai Hiroaki , Miyahara Ryo , Bando Toru , Okubo Kenichi , Hirata Toshiki , Date Hiroshi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary metastasectomy has become the standard therapy for various metastatic malignancies to the lungs; however, few data have been available about lung metastasectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. To confirm the role for resection of pulmonary metastases for such tumors, we reviewed our institutional experience.MethodsBetween 1993 and 2005, 12 patients with pulmonary metastases from hepatocellular carcinomas underwent complete pulmonary resection. All patients had undergone curative resection of their primary hepatocellular carcinomas and also had obtained or had obtainable locoregional control of their primaries. Various perioperative variables were investigated retrospectively to analyze the possible prognostic factors for overall survival and pulmonary metastases‐free survival after pulmonary metastasectomy.ResultsNine patients were male and three were female (median age, 53 (range, 43‐80) years). Overall survival rate after metastasectomy was 80.8%, 57.7%, and 28.9% at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Pulmonary metastases‐free survival rate was 64.2%, 32.1%, and 21.4% at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Five patients presented recurrences in the remaining liver before pulmonary metastases, but hepatic recurrences at this interval did not affect an overall survival after pulmonary metastasectomies. Two patients had undergone living‐related liver transplantation. The maximum tumor size of the pulmonary metastasis < 3 cm was the only favorable prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.0006), whereas there was no significant prognostic factor for pulmonary metastases‐free survival.ConclusionsPulmonary metastasectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in selected patients was well justified when the maximum tumor size was <3 cm.
Total Endoscopic Thyroidectomy with Bilateral Breast Areola and Ipsilateral Axillary (BBIA) Approach
Authors: Jeryong K. , Jinsun L. , Hyegyong K. , Eilsung C. , Jiyoung S. , Insang S. , Moonsang A. , Jiyeon K. , Jaeeun H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic surgery for thyroid nodules is used by many endocrine surgeons. The present study reviews our experiences with endoscopic thyroidectomy using bilateral breast areola and ipsilateral axillary (BBIA) approach to evaluate its safety and feasibility.MethodsFrom June 2003 through November 2007, the study group was comprised of 68 consecutive patients with benign thyroid nodules (66 women; mean age, 33.28 ± 10.3 (range, 15–72) years). A detailed description of the surgical technique is provided.ResultsThe mean maximum diameter of the tumor was 3.14 ± 1.61 (range, 1–10.7) cm. Sixty‐five cases were successfully resected with an endoscopic procedure, but three cases were converted to a conventional open procedure due to bleeding. Endoscopic procedures were 61 lobectomies, 2 isthmectomies, and 2 near total thyroidectomies. The mean operating time was 89.93 ± 24.71 (range, 50–170) minutes, and the last 32 cases tended to take less time than the first 33 cases (P = 0.033). No CO2 gas‐related complications, such as subcutaneous emphysema or hypercapnia, were observed. There was no case of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury or hypoparathyroidism. The mean length of the hospital stay was 5.37 ± 1.5 (range, 3–11) days.ConclusionsEndoscopic thyroidectomy using BBIA approach is safe and feasible. The cosmetic results were considered excellent by all patients. The advantages of this approach are no cervical or chest wall scar, and no significant morbidity.