bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamism of cytoprotective and antisecretory drugs in patients with unhealed gastric and duodenal ulcers
Authors: MÖZSIK G. , HUNYADY B. , GARAMSZEGI M. , NÉMETH A. , PAKODI F. , VINCZE A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract A continuous multiclinical, randomized and prospective study has been carried out in our department to compare the efficacy of different cytoprotective (sucralfate, DE‐NOL, Vitamin A) and antisecretory drugs (atropine, cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, pirenzepine) on ulcer healing in patients with chronic gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU).A total of 441 patients were randomized in different groups. The patients were treated with atropine (1 mg/day), cimetidine (1000 mg/day), ranitidine (300 mg/day), famotidine (80 mg/day), pirenzepine (50 mg/day), sucralfate (1000 mg/day), Vitamin A (3 × 50 000 IU/day) alone or in combination with cyproheptadinum (3 × 4 mg/day) DE‐NOL (3 × 5 mL/day) and Tisacid® (Al‐Mg‐hydroxycarbonicum; in different doses). Endoscopy (planimetric evaluation of ulcer sizes), measurements of clinical changes in patients’ complaints, antacid consumption and laboratory tests (blood count, urine, kidney and liver functions, electrolytes, pH status) were carried out at the beginning and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after treatment with different drugs. The incidence of ulcers, changes of ulcer sizes, subjective pain score and antacid consumption were noted at the abovementioned times. There were 20 or more patients in each group. The dynamism of ulcer healing rate was studied on the unhealed GU and DU.Our results showed that the ulcer size decreased significantly in all groups in GU and DU patients treated with cytoprotective and antisecretory drugs. Summed pain score (expressed as per cent of basic values) and antacid consumption decreased significantly in all groups. As well, some differences were found in the dynamism of ulcer healing at 2 weeks after the treatment. No significant differences were found in the dynamism of gastric and duodenal ulcers in patients treated with cytoprotective and antisecretory drugs at 4 and 6 weeks of treatment.
Gastric mucosal defensive factors: The therapeutic strategy
Authors: YEOMANS N. D. , SKELJO M. V. , GIRAUD A. S. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract There are several interesting approaches to augmenting defence or repair mechanisms that can be used already or may find a place in therapy for ulcer disease. Factors such as epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor show potential. Alternative strategies might be to stimulate mucosal blood flow with agents that release nitric oxide (NO), or to scavenge free radicals in the inflamed or ischaemic mucosa.If such approaches are to find a role in therapy, it is likely that it will be restricted: perhaps for the treatment of refractory ulcers, or for prophylaxis of stress ulceration. This is because most ulcers in future are likely to be healed with tolerable and high efficacy acid‐inhibiting drugs then have their recurrence prevented by regimens that eradicate Helicobacter pylori.The most important current indication for concentrating on enhancing mucosal defences is for managing non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID)‐induced ulcers. There is no clear advantage in using a defence‐enhancing agent (rather than an acid suppressant) to heal an NSAID ulcer if the NSAID can be stopped. The main value of prostaglandins is for prophylaxis of NSAID ulcers in those patients who need ongoing treatment with NSAID. For cost‐benefit reasons, prostaglandins should probably be used mainly for those at high risk of NSAID complications, and there has been progress in identifying these. Another interesting approach is aimed at clarifying mechanisms of gastric adaptation to NSAID, so that we might be able to design drugs and dosing regimens to maximize this phenomenon.
Jejunal release of prostaglandin E2 in Crohn's disease: Relation to disease activity and first‐degree relatives
Authors: AHRENSTEDT Ö , HäLLGREN† R. , KNUTSON L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPatients with Crohn's disease of the distal ileum show increased permeability to hyaluronan and increased release of histamine and complement components in uninvolved parts of the proximal jejunum. These abnormalities are related to disease activity, and are not found in first‐degree relatives. Increased synthesis of prostaglandins has been observed in inflamed areas of the intestine in active Crohn's disease. Our purpose was to measure luminal prostaglandin release in patients with active and inactive Crohn's disease and their first‐degree relatives. Twenty‐four patients with Crohn's disease of the distal ileum (10 in remission and 12 with inflammatory activity) and 17 of their first‐degree relatives were included and compared with healthy control subjects (n= 39). Ten centimetres of the proximal jejunum was isolated between balloons as described previously and perfused with a balanced electrolyte glucose‐containing solution. Luminal concentrations of PGE2 and albumin were measured and their luminal release was calculated. Luminal release of PGE2 was significantly higher in patients with Crohn's disease than in control subjects [69.7 ± 11.5 and 34.0±4.7 pg/cm per h (3.7±0.6 and 1.8±0.3 ng/L), respectively, P <0.01]. The PGE2 levels, however, were not positively correlated to disease activity. Furthermore, there was a modest, but significant increase in luminal PGE2 in first‐degree relatives [53.6±7.0 pg/cm per h (2.9±0.4 ng/L), P <0.05]. These changes were not accompanied by significant changes in luminal permeation of albumin. The stimulated jejunal synthesis of prostaglandins observed in patients with Crohn's disease and to some extent in their relatives may constitute a response to altered genetic mucosal characteristics.
Sulfhydryl blocker‐induced colitis in the rat: Immunological changes in thymus gland and colonic mucosa
Authors: SUZUKI HIDEKAZU , HIBI TOSHIFUMI , ODA MASAYA , HOSODA YASUO , MORI MIKIJI , MIURA SOICHIROU , TANAKA SHIN , WATANABE MAMORU , TSUCHIYA MASAHARU 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe study was designed to examine the changes of thymus in sulfhydryl blocker‐induced colitis. We used N‐ethylmaleimide (NEM) as sulfhydryl blockers. Fasted male Sprague‐Dawley rats were given 3% NEM in 1% methyl cellulose into the colon. N‐ethylmaleimide treatment caused severe diarrhoea with bleeding for the first 7 days. At autopsy, adhesions, colon dilatation, and single or multiple erosions and ulcers were observed. Time‐course studies revealed that the lesions were most extensive and severe 3 or 7 days after the administration of NEM. Histological examination of colon on the 3rd day after NEM treatment demonstrated mucosal erosion, oedema and extensive infiltration of neutrophils. The mucosal lesions extended into the submucosa and muscle on the 7th day after NEM treatment. Immunohistochemical studies showed that T cells and macrophages were markedly increased in the lamina propria of colonic mucosa. After 3 weeks, the infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells was observed and regeneration of the mucosa was noticed. The thymus gland was significantly decreased in weight and size on the 3rd day after NEM treatment, but the weight loss of thymus gland was regained in 3 weeks. Transient atrophy of thymus gland was noticed in this colitis model. The phenotypes of thymocytes were not influenced by NEM treatment. It is concluded that the thymus abnormalities in human ulcerative colitis are not induced in this animal model and that other chronic models are necessary for the elucidation of the immunological abnormalities, including thymus abnormalities.
Heterogeneous distribution of microcirculatory disturbance in the gastric mucosa during gastric hypercontraction in rats
Authors: TANI KAZUHIRO , YAMAGUCHI TAKASHI , KUBOTA YOSHITSUGU , FUJIMURA KAZUYO , MIZUNO TAKAKO , INOUE KYOICHI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractGastric mucosal lesions induced by gastric hypermotility are characteristically observed along the gastric mucosal folds. To determine the role of microcirculatory disturbance in this particular condition, we measured the gastric mucosal haemodynamics after vagal stimulation and also examined histologically the transparent specimens of the transverse section of the contracted stomach in rats. Gastric mucosal haemodynamics measured with a reflectance spectrophotometer showed the repetition of ischaemia‐reperfusion during gastric hypermotility. The rapidly frozen and transparent specimen of the corpus showed that gastric mucosa was stretched at the crest and compressed at the base of the mucosal folds. Characteristic distribution of red blood cells was observed; it was dense at the crest of the mucosal folds and sparse at the base. These results suggest that gastric hypermotility may induce the distinctive heterogeneous microcirculatory disturbance in the folds and may contribute to the characteristic localization of mucosal lesions.
Involvement of N‐acetyl‐lactosamine‐containing sugar structures in the liver metastasis of mouse colon carcinoma (colon 26) cells
Authors: KAWAKAMI HAYATO , ITO MASATAKA , MIURA YUKI , HIRANO HIROSHI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHistochemical aspects of the process of experimentally induced metastasis were examined by light and electron microscopy with labelled lectins employed as a probe. Mouse colon carcinoma cells (colon 26) were injected into the spleen of Balb/c mice and liver metastasis was induced. Among the lectins tested, Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin (ECA) stained the metastasized colon 26 cells strongly compared with the heterogeneous and faint staining in non‐metastasized tumour foci in the spleen or in the subcutaneous space. Other lectins, such as Phaseolus vulgaris ieucoagglutinin (PHA‐L), Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA‐E) and Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA), having specificity for branched complex type sugar chains, did not show any differences between metastasized cells and non‐metastasized tumour foci. In addition, N‐acetyl‐lactosamine, a specific inhibitor of ECA binding, significantly inhibited the attachment of suspended colon 26 cells to sectioned unfixed normal liver tissue. These results indicate that the expression of galactose (Gal) β 1–4 N‐acetyl‐glucosamine (GlcNAc) residues of branched complex type sugar chains having specificity for ECA are important for the interaction process of carcinoma cells with hepatic cells in the process of liver metastasis.
Clinical features in young adult patients with ischaemic colitis
Authors: MATSUMOTO TAKAYUKI , IIDA MITSUO , KIMURA YUTAKA , NANBU TAKUMI , FUJISHIMA MASATOSHI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe clinical, radiographic and endoscopic findings in 16 patients with ischaemic colitis, all of whom were <45 years of age, were analysed. The clinical features were characterized by an acute onset of abdominal pain and rectal bleeding, and persistent constipation prior to the onset of symptoms. Twelve of the 16 patients did not have any known predisposing factors. Barium enema examination and colonoscopy revealed longitudinal ulcers and oedema of the left side of the colon of these patients. These features were then compared with those found in patients with ischaemic colitis, who were > 70 years of age. Although the clinical symptoms, the site of involvement and the initial radiographic or endoscopic findings were similar between the two groups, the transient form of ischaemic colitis and constipation prior to the onset of symptoms were more frequently present in the young patients than in the old patients. These findings suggest that ischaemic colitis, which is not a rare condition even in young adults, is less severe in young patients than in old patients, and that constipation may be related to the pathogenesis of this disease in young adults.
Enteroglucagon, but not CCK, plays an important role in pancreatic hyperplasia after proximal small bowel resection
Authors: SASAKI MASAYA , BAMBA TADAO , HOSADA SHIRO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe present study was performed to examine the role played by pancreatotrophic factors, especially enteroglucagon and cholecystokinin (CCK), in the compensatory pancreatic hyperplasia observed after proximal small bowel resection (PSBR). Male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups, receiving either PSBR or transection (TRC). Five animals from each group were randomly selected for treatment with FK‐480, a novel CCK antagonist. Four weeks after the operation, plasma levels of gastrin, CCK and enteroglucagon were measured. Pancreatic wet weight and protein, DNA, RNA and enzyme content were also determined. The wet weight and content of protein, DNA and RNA were significantly higher in PSBR rats than in TRC rats, regardless of whether they received FK‐480. FK‐480 had no suppressive effects on adaptive pancreatic growth after PSBR. Plasma enteroglucagon levels rose significantly in PSBR rats, and there were positive correlations between plasma enteroglucagon levels and pancreatic protein, DNA and RNA content. These findings demonstrated that plasma CCK was not the major trophic factor operating in the pancreas after PSBR, and showed that enteroglucagon plays an important role in the pancreatic hyperplasia that occurs after PSBR.
An early gallstone clearance following repeat piezoelectric lithotripsy
Authors: TSUCHIYA YUKIHIRO , TAKANASHI HIDEKI , HANIYA KAZUO , NISHIARAI HIROMI , MIKAMI SIGERU , NATSUKI YUTAKA , KUNIYUKI HIROSHI , SAITO HIROBUMI , SAITO NOBUHIKO , OHTO MASAO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPiezoelectric extracorporeal litotripsy was performed in 128 symptomatic patients with radiolucent gall‐bladder stones to assess the significance of disintegration in fragment clearance. Up to 10 repeat lithotripsy sessions were scheduled to achieve a fragment target size of <3 mm. Fragmentation assessed by the size of the largest fragments after the last session was graded into three classes. I: sludge‐like disintegration, 18%; II: <3 mm (mean ± s.d., 1.7 ± 0.5 mm), 56%; and III: < 3 mm (3.3 ± 0.6), 26%. All patients were initially subjected to lithotripsy alone. Bile acid dissolution therapy was started only when ultrasonography failed to show the evidence of decrease in the <3 mm fragments during a 1 month follow up. Finally, 69 patients (54%) were treated by lithotripsy alone, and the remaining 59 received additional dissolution therapy at a mean period of 2.5 months after the initial lithotripsy. The rate of complete clearance in class I, II and III patients was 91, 42 and 10% at 6 months and 100, 68 and 49% at 18 months, respectively. Significant differences were noted between the three fragmentation grades (I vs II, III, P <0.0001; II vs III, P <0.02). The patients with complete clearance within 6 months were seen only in those treated by lithotripsy alone, while the majority (87%) of patients with complete clearance during the later period were seen in those treated by additional dissolution therapy.We conclude that a high degree of fragmentation appears to lead stones to an earlier period clearance, and reduce the need for dissolution therapy.
Effect of hepatocyte volume on energy status in the cirrhotic rat liver
Authors: MATSUI Y. , OKUDA Y. , NAKAGAWA M. , KWON A‐H. , MINOURA T. , HIRAMATSU Y. , UETSUJI S. , KAMIYAMA Y. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of reduced hepatocyte volume on liver energy status, the relationship between the morphologically quantified hepatocyte volume and biochemical parameters, and the difference in nuclear density between the parenchyma and stroma were assessed in rat livers with thioacetamide‐induced cirrhosis. The ratio of hepatocytes to whole liver tissue, defined as the ‘hepatocyte area ratio', and the nuclear densities of the parenchyma and stroma were calculated microscopically with an image analysing system. Adenine nucleotide, protein and DNA contents, and the ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity in the liver were assayed. In the cirrhotic group, adenine nucleotide content, protein content and ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity were positively correlated with the hepatocyte area ratio, whereas DNA content was negatively correlated with this ratio. The adenylate energy charge of the cirrhotic liver was maintained at a constant level regardless of the ratio. Adenine nucleotide content, protein content and ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity per fractional ‘hepatocyte area ratio’ in cirrhotic livers were significantly lower than in control livers. The nuclear density of the stroma was significantly greater than that of the parenchyma. These results suggest that the lowered energy status in the cirrhotic liver is not caused by reduced hepatocyte volume but rather by impaired hepatocyte metabolism. In addition, the morphological measurement with an image analysing system was found to be useful for evaluating the effects of decreased hepatocyte volume on biochemical derangements in cirrhotic tissue.
An estimation of human bile metastability: Clinical application of a sensitive cholesterol crystal growth assay
Authors: OHYA TOSHIHIDE , TAZUMA SUSUMU , HATSUSHIKA SUMIE , TERAMEN KAZUSHI , AIHARA NAOKI , SASAKI MASATOSHI , YAMASHITA YOSHIFUMI , OCHI HIDENORI , HORIKAWA KAZUHIKO , MIURA HIROYUKI , HIRANO NAOMICHI , KAJIYAMA GORO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe formation of cholesterol monohydrate crystal initiates cholesterol gallstone formation. The nucleation time (NT), a light microscopy method, is used currently to estimate human bile metastability. Recently, a cholesterol crystal growth (CCG) assay utilizing photometric turbidity to quantitate cholesterol crystallization was developed using model bile systems. The object of this study was to determine whether this novel CCG assay was applicable to the quantitative assessment of native human bile metastability. Human gall‐bladder bile samples were collected from patients undergoing cholecystectomy. There were five patients with cholesterol gallstone and five stone‐free patients. A significant correlation between the onset time measured by the CCG assay and the NT observed by light microscopy was found in our modified assay condition where interference by bilirubin was negligible (P < 0.01). Also, the growth rate measured by the CCG assay significantly correlated with the NT (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the CCG assay is applicable to quantitative assessment of human bile metastability reflected by cholesterol crystal nucleation and that the cholesterol crystal growth is also conveniently estimated by this method.
Reovirus serotype 3 infection in infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia or neonatal hepatitis
Authors: RICHARDSON SIMONE C. , BISHOP RUTH F. , SMITH ARNOLD L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractInfection with reovirus serotype 3 (reo 3) has been postulated to be associated with extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) in infants, and with neonatal hepatitis (NNH). We have investigated this association by assaying antireo 3 antibodies in sera from infants (aged < 4 months) with EHBA (n= 40), NNH (59), cholestatic liver disease due to other causes (61) and control infants with no liver disease (138). Antireo 3 immunoglobulins (Ig) of the G, A and M classes were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. No differences in the prevalence of antireo 3 IgG or IgA were found between any of the four groups. A significantly higher prevalence of positive antireo 3 IgM was found in infants with EHBA (12/40), NNH (12/59) or cholestatic liver disease associated with parenteral nutrition (7/17), alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency (4/15) or a variety of other causes (15/29) compared with control infants (13/138). These data support an association between reovirus 3 infection and cholestatic liver disease in infants. The nature of this association may differ for EHBA, NNH and cholestatic liver disease due to other causes, and remains to be determined.
Peptic ulcer disease in the elderly in Singapore
Authors: NG T. M. , FOCK K. M. , CHIA S. C. , CHEW C. N. , CHONG Y. Y. , CHEE E. N. , YAP C. K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOf 460 patients with peptic ulcer disease seen over a 30‐month period, there were 174 elderly patients (defined as ? 60 years old), constituting 38%. In this group of elderly, gastric ulcers (GU) were observed more frequently than duodenal ulcers (DU) with a ratio of 1.6: 1 and the male to female ratio was 1.7: 1. In patients < 60 years old, there were more DU than GU with a ratio of 2.7: 1, and a higher male to female ratio of 3.7: 1. Seventy‐two per cent of the elderly had at least one other medical condition with 20% having three or more medical problems. Hypertension and ischaemic heart disease were the most frequently encountered illnesses. Half the elderly presented with upper abdominal pain and one‐third had an atypical presentation. Analgesic ingestion in the preceding 4 weeks was present in 29% of the elderly. In the elderly, bleeding was the most frequent complication occurring in 50%; perforation occurred in 2%. In those with bleeding ulcers, 44% had history of analgesic usage. The mortality of bleeding peptic ulcer in the elderly, was 11% and this was largely due to concurrent medical conditions. Only two deaths occurred due to bleeding ulcer.
AIDS and the gut
Authors: CHUI DAVID W. , OWEN ROBERT L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThere are increasing challenges for the practising gastroenterologist in treating AIDS‐related gastrointestinal diseases. The differential diagnoses of dysphagia and odynophagia include cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, non‐specific aphthous ulceration and non‐AIDS oesophageal diseases, especially reflux oesophagitis. Chronic subacute abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting, early satiety and weight loss is suggestive of an obstructive lesion caused by lymphoma or Kaposi's sarcoma. Severe acute abdominal pain can indicate pancreatitis or intestinal perforation due to cytomegalovirus. Right upper quadrant pain (with or without fever, vomiting or abnormal liver function tests with a cholestatic profile) is suggestive of hepatobiliary pathology including cholecystitis, cholangitis, acalculous cholecystitis and AIDS cholangiopathy. Diarrhoea is the most common gastrointestinal symptom of AIDS, affecting 50–90% of patients. Causes of AIDS diarrhoea include protozoa (Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Septata intestinalis, Cyclospora spp, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia), bacteria (Mycobacterium avium‐intracellulare, Clostridium difficile, Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter jejuni), and viruses (CMV, HSV and possibly HIV). Chronic diarrhoea, malnutrition and weight loss can shorten the life‐span of patients with AIDS. Elemental diets, isotonic formulas, medium chain triglycerides and total parenteral nutrition have been tried with little success in AIDS patients with severe diarrhoea and wasting.
Intestinal ischaemia associated with carcinoid tumour: A case report with review of the pathogenesis
Authors: BESSELL J. R. , KARATASSAS A. , ALLEN P. W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA case of ischaemic ileal perforation associated with a macroscopically unapparent ileal carcinoid is described. The mesenteric vessels were non‐pulsatile at operation but were anatomically patent when examined by the pathologist. The characteristic elastic perivascular sclerosis of mesenteric vessels, which probably caused a functional vascular obstruction, was only discovered after the histological sections were reviewed. The true incidence of this rare condition may be higher than previously suspected because the perivascular sclerosis can easily be overlooked. Awareness of the association between carcinoid tumour and mesenteric ischaemia may lead to early surgery and an improved outcome.
Primary hepatic lymphoma in a patient with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: RYAN JEREMY , WALLACE SHARON , JONES PENELOPE , TAGGART GREG , DUDLEY FRANK 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe case is presented of a woman with chronic active hepatitis C who developed primary hepatic lymphoma. The possible roles of viral hepatitis and therapeutic interferon in the pathogenesis and progression of this unusual maligancy are discussed. In addition, the importance of accurate tissue diagnosis to identify potentially treatable hepatic tumours is emphasized.