bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LILRA5 is expressed by synovial tissue macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis, selectively induces pro‐inflammatory cytokines and IL‐10 and is regulated by TNF‐α, IL‐10 and IFN‐γ
Authors: Mitchell Ainslie , Rentero Carles , Endoh Yasumi , Hsu Kenneth , Gaus Katharina , Geczy Carolyn , McNeil H. Patrick , Borges Luis , Tedla Nicodemus 
Published: November 2008

AbstractLeukocyte immunoglobulin‐like receptor A5 (LILRA5) belongs to a family of receptors known to regulate leukocyte activation. There are two membrane‐bound and two soluble forms of LILRA5. The transmembrane LILRA5 contain a short cytoplasmic domain and a charged arginine residue within the transmembrane region. Cross‐linking of LILRA5 on monocytes induced production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that LILRA5 plays a role in inflammation. However, expression of LILRA5 in diseases with extensive inflammatory component is unknown. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory synovitis characterized by unregulated activation of leukocytes leading to joint destruction. Here we demonstrate extensive LILRA5 expression on synovial tissue macrophages and in synovial fluid of patients with active RA but not in patients with osteoarthritis. We also show that LILRA5 associated with the common γ chain of the FcR and LILRA5 cross‐linking induced phosphorylation of Src tyrosine kinases and Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). Furthermore, LILRA5 induced selective production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines as well as IL‐10. LILRA5 mRNA and protein expression was tightly regulated by TNF‐α, IL‐10 and IFN‐γ. Increased expression of LILRA5 in rheumatoid tissue, together with its ability to induce key cytokines involved in RA, suggests that this novel receptor may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
Resident enteric microbiota and CD8+ T cells shape the abundance of marginal zone B cells
Authors: Wei Bo , Su Thomas T. , Dalwadi Harnisha , Stephan Robert P. , Fujiwara Daisuke , Huang Tiffany T. , Brewer Sarah , Chen Lindy , Arditi Moshe , Borneman James , Rawlings David J. , Braun Jonathan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSince enteric microbial composition is a distinctive and stable individual trait, microbial heterogeneity may confer lifelong, non‐genetic differences between individuals. Here we report that C57BL/6 mice bearing restricted flora microbiota, a distinct but diverse resident enteric microbial community, are numerically and functionally deficient in marginal zone (MZ) B cells. Surprisingly, MZ B‐cell levels are minimally affected by germ‐free conditions or null mutations of various TLR signaling molecules. In contrast, MZ B‐cell depletion is exquisitely dependent on cytolytic CD8+ T cells, and includes targeting of a cross‐reactive microbial/endogenous MHC class 1B antigen. Thus, members of certain enteric microbial communities link with CD8+ T cells as a previously unappreciated mechanism that shapes innate immunity dependent on innate‐like B cells.
In situ imaging reveals different responses by naïve and memory CD8 T cells to late antigen presentation by lymph node DC after influenza virus infection
Authors: Khanna Kamal M. , Aguila Carolina C. , Redman Jason M. , Suarez‐Ramirez Jenny E. , Lefrançois Leo , Cauley Linda S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPulmonary influenza infection causes prolonged lymph node hypertrophy while processed viral antigens continue to be presented to virus‐specific CD8 T cells. We show that naïve, but not central/memory, nucleoprotein (NP)‐specific CD8 T cells recognized antigen‐bearing CD11b+ DC in the draining lymph nodes more than 30 days after infection. After these late transfers, the naïve CD8 T cells underwent an abortive proliferative response in the mediastinal lymph node (MLN), where large clusters of partially activated cells remained in the paracortex until at least a week after transfer. A majority of the endogenous NP‐specific CD8 T cells that were in the MLN between 30 and 50 days after infection also showed signs of a continuing response to antigen stimulation. A high frequency of endogenous NP‐specific CD8 T cells in the MLN indicates that late antigen presentation may help shape the epitope dominance hierarchy during reinfection.
Interaction of KLRG1 with E‐cadherin: New functional and structural insights
Authors: Rosshart Stephan , Hofmann Maike , Schweier Oliver , Pfaff Anne‐Kathrin , Yoshimoto Keiko , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Molnar Eszter , Schamel Wolfgang W. , Pircher Hanspeter 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe killer cell lectin‐like receptor G1 (KLRG1) is an inhibitory receptor expressed by memory T cells and NK cells in man and mice. It is frequently used as a cell differentiation marker and members of the cadherin family are ligands for KLRG1. The present study provides new insights into the interaction of mouse KLRG1 with E‐cadherin. Firstly, we demonstrate that co‐engagement of KLRG1 and CD3/TCR in a spatially linked manner was required for inhibition arguing against the notion that KLRG1‐ligation per se transmits inhibitory signals. Secondly, experiments with T cells carrying Y7F‐mutant KLRG1 molecules with a replacement of the tyrosine residue to phenylalanine in the single ITIM indicated that the inhibitory activity of KLRG1 is counteracted to some degree by increased interaction of KLRG1+ T cells with E‐cadherin expressing target cells. Thirdly, we demonstrate that deletion of the first or the second external domain of E‐cadherin abolished reactivity in KLRG1‐reporter cell assays. Finally, we made the intriguing observation that KLRG1 formed multimeric protein complexes in T cells in addition to the previously described mono‐ and dimeric molecules.
Rare‐Earth Metal Bis(dimethylsilyl)amide Complexes Supported by Cyclooctatetraenyl Ligands
Authors: Meermann Christian , Ohno Kouji , Törnroos Karl W. , Mashima Kazushi , Anwander Reiner 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMonomeric cyclooctatetraenyl rare‐earth metal complexes (COT)LnI(thf)3 were examined by X‐ray structure analysis for Ln = La and Sm being isostructural to the Nd and Ce congeners. Reaction of the lanthanum derivative with excess AlMe3 led to partial thf displacement and dimerization to [(COT)La(μ‐I)(thf)2]2. I–/[N(SiHMe2)2]– salt metathetic ligand exchange involving (COT)LnI(thf)3 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm) and Li[N(SiHMe2)2] did not give putative {(COT)Ln[N(SiHMe2)2](thf)x}. Instead, depending on the metal size, the mixed iodide/amide ate complexes (COT)Ln(μ‐I)2{μ‐N(SiHMe2)2}Ln(COT)][Li(thf)4] (Ln = Nd, Sm) and (COT)La(μ‐I)[μ‐N(SiHMe2)2]2La[μ‐(η2:η8‐COT)]Li(thf)3 were obtained and identified by X‐ray structure analyses. In thf solvent, these heteroleptic complexes undergo ligand redistribution to (COT)Ln[μ‐(η2:η8‐COT)]Li(thf)3, whose solid‐state structures were also analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (Ln = Nd, Sm). Utilization of K[N(SiHMe2)2] afforded alkali‐metal‐free (COT)La[N(SiHMe2)2](thf)2 in good yield, whose monomeric composition was determined by X‐ray structure analysis.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Residual Dipolar Couplings (RDCs) in Organic Structure Determination (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 34/2008)
Authors: Thiele Christina M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe cover picture shows all organic compounds to which residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) were applied in the NMR spectroscopic determination of their relative configuration or in the assignment of diastereotopic moieties. The details on how RDCs can be applied for structure determination, as well as the necessary prerequisites and the current developments in the area of flexible compounds, are presented in the Microreview by C. Thiele on p. 5673 ff.
Prediction of municipal solid waste generation with combination of support vector machine and principal component analysis: A case study of Mashhad
Authors: Noori R. , Abdoli M.A. , Ghasrodashti A. Ameri , Jalili Ghazizade M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractQuantity prediction of municipal solid waste (MSW) is crucial for design and programming municipal solid waste management system (MSWMS). Because effect of various parameters on MSW quantity and its high fluctuation, prediction of generated MSW is a difficult task that can lead to enormous error. The works presented here involve developing an improved support vector machine (SVM) model, which combines the principal component analysis (PCA) technique with the SVM to forecast the weekly generated waste of Mashhad city. In this study, the PCA technique was first used to reduce and orthogonalize the original input variables (data). Then these treated data were used as new input variables in SVM model. This improved model was evaluated by using weekly time series of waste generation (WG) and the number of trucks that carry waste in week of t. These data have been collected from 2005 to 2008. By comparing the predicted WG with the observed data, the effectiveness of the proposed model was verified. Therefore, in authors' opinion, the model presented in this article is a potential tool for predicting WG and has advantages over the traditional SVM model. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Dimensional analysis of the earthquake‐induced pounding between adjacent structures
Authors: Dimitrakopoulos Elias , Makris Nicos , Kappos Andreas J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this paper the dynamic response of two and three pounding oscillators subjected to pulse‐type excitations is revisited with dimensional analysis. Using Buckingham's Π‐theorem the number of variables that govern the response of the system is reduced by three. When the response is presented in the dimensionless Π‐terms remarkable order emerges. It is shown that regardless of the acceleration level and duration of the pulse all response spectra become self‐similar and follow a single master curve. This is true despite the realization of finite duration contacts with increasing durations as the excitation level increases. All physically realizable contacts (impacts, continuous contacts, and detachments) are captured via a linear complementarity approach. The study confirms the existence of three spectral regions. The response of the most flexible among the two oscillators amplifies in the low range of the frequency spectrum (flexible structures); whereas, the response of the most stiff among the two oscillators amplifies at the upper range of the frequency spectrum (stiff structures). Most importantly, the study shows that pounding structures such as colliding buildings or interacting bridge segments may be most vulnerable for excitations with frequencies very different from their natural eigenfrequencies. Finally, by applying the concept of intermediate asymptotics, the study unveils that the dimensionless response of two pounding oscillators follows a scaling law with respect to the mass ratio, or in mathematical terms, that the response exhibits an incomplete self‐similarity or self‐similarity of the second kind with respect to the mass ratio. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear optimization method for short‐term hydro scheduling considering head‐dependency
Authors: Catalão J. P. S. , Mariano S. J. P. S. , Mendes V. M. F. , Ferreira L. A. F. M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper is on the problem of short‐term hydro scheduling, particularly concerning head‐dependent reservoirs under competitive environment. We propose a new nonlinear optimization method to consider hydroelectric power generation as a function of water discharge and also of the head. Head‐dependency is considered on short‐term hydro scheduling in order to obtain more realistic and feasible results. The proposed method has been applied successfully to solve a case study based on one of the main Portuguese cascaded hydro systems, providing a higher profit at a negligible additional computation time in comparison with a linear optimization method that ignores head‐dependency. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatic steatosis and endocannabinoids—Does it all happen within the liver?
Authors: Wasmuth Hermann E. , Trautwein Christian 
Published: November 2008

Osei-Hyiaman D, Liu J, Zhou L, Godlewski G, Harvey-White J, Jeong WI, Bátkai S, Marsicano G, Lutz B, Buettner C, Kunos G. Hepatic CB 1 receptor is required for development of diet-induced steatosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin and leptin resistance in mice. J Clin Invest 2008;118:3160–3169. (Reprinted with permission.)

Abstract
Diet-induced obesity is associated with fatty liver, insulin resistance, leptin resistance, and changes in plasma lipid profile. Endocannabinoids have been implicated in the development of these associated phenotypes, because mice deficient for the cannabinoid receptor CB(1) (CB1(−/−)) do not display these changes in association with diet-induced obesity. The target tissues that mediate these effects, however, remain unknown. We therefore investigated the relative role of hepatic versus extrahepatic CB(1) receptors in the metabolic consequences of a high-fat diet, using liver-specific CB(1) knockout (LCB1(−/−)) mice. LCB1(−/−) mice fed a high-fat diet developed a similar degree of obesity as that of wild-type mice, but, similar to CB1(−/−) mice, had less steatosis, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin and leptin resistance than did wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet. CB(1) agonist-induced increase in de novo hepatic lipogenesis and decrease in the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and total energy expenditure were absent in both CB1(−/−) and LCB1(−/−) mice. We conclude that endocannabinoid activation of hepatic CB(1) receptors contributes to the diet-induced steatosis and associated hormonal and metabolic changes, but not to the increase in adiposity, observed with high-fat diet feeding. Theses studies suggest that peripheral CB(1) receptors could be selectively targeted for the treatment of fatty liver, impaired glucose homeostasis, and dyslipidemia in order to minimize the neuropsychiatric side effects of nonselective CB(1) blockade during treatment of obesity-associated conditions.
Exploration of potential adaptation strategies to climate change in the Zayandeh Rud irrigation system, Iran
Authors: Morid Saeed , Bavani Ali Reza Massah 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPotential negative impacts of climate change provide compelling arguments for action and adaptive measures to help mitigate pressure on water resources, agricultural production and environmental quality. To explore the possible impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of different adaptation strategies, an integrated modelling framework that allows linkage and integration of climate models, basin‐ and field‐scale hydrological models is of great importance. This paper describes an assessment of climate change impacts on water resources, agriculture and the environment in the Zayandeh Rud irrigation system of Esfahan (Iran) using simulation models. The paper also focuses on alternative adaptation strategies to mitigate the negative impacts. Results of the simulations show that potential impact of climate change could cause the Zayandeh Rud irrigation system to face more frequent and severe water shortage problems. Among the evaluated adaptation strategies, change in cropping patterns was found to be the best possible measure to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change. Results also show the capability of the modelling system to deliver the required simulations using readily available data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the efficiency of surface and subsurface irrigation in dryland environments
Authors: Dastorani Mohammad T. , Heshmati Mohammad , Sadeghzadeh Mohammad A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIrrigation water quantity and quality limitation is the main problem of agricultural development in the research area (Rafsanjan pistachio orchards in Iran). Optimization of the irrigation system is one of the most important factors to enhance water use efficiency in this region. This research project was designed to compare the applicability of two different types of irrigation, including traditionally used surface irrigation and a simple and relatively cheap subsurface drip irrigation (using a perforated pipe covered with plastic cloth). For this purpose two plots, each containing 39 pistachio trees and 720 m2 in area, were selected in an orchard and were both irrigated using an exactly equal quantity and quality of water for 3 years. At the end of the second year the yield in the plots was harvested separately and compared. The ratio of the weight of fresh and also dried crop in the subsurface irrigation plot to those of surface irrigation plot was respectively 1.895 and 2 for the second year, and 2.17 and 2.12 for the third year. Another parameter measured for the trees of the two plots was annual shoot growth. The value of the plot growth index (PGI) in the surface irrigation plot was calculated as 2238 cm, whereas in the subsurface irrigation plot it was 4580 cm. In addition, the dried weight of weed grown in the surface irrigation plot was 82 kg but was only 21 kg in the subsurface irrigation plot. These results show the considerable difference in efficiency of the two irrigation systems, and relatively higher preference for a subsurface system over the traditionally used surface method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A retrospective review of the outcome of plasma exchange and aggressive medical therapy in antibody mediated rejection of renal allografts: A single center experience
Authors: Al‐Badr Wisam , Kallogjeri Dorina , Madaraty Kamel , Oliver Dana , Bastani Bahar , Grossman Brenda J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAntibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) has been recognized as a major cause of renal allograft loss. Protocols using plasma exchange (PE) to reverse rejection have mixed results. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed to determine the clinical response to PE inpatients with AMR of renal allograft. A good response to treatment was defined as a decline in serum creatinine (SCr) to within 25% above the prerejection value or discontinuation of dialysis with a SCr <2 mg/dl within 3 months of discharge from the hospital and disappearance of donor‐specific alloantibodies (DSA). Results: Twenty‐two patients, treated with PE for biopsy proven AMR with or without acute‐cellular rejection (ACR), were included in the study. Sixty‐four percent of patients had concurrent AMR and ACR. Fifty‐two percent of all patients had a good response to antirejection therapy, whereas 63% of patients with only AMR and 46% of patients with both AMR and ACR had a good response. Good response to PE did not correlate with the number of plasma volumes exchanged (P = 0.09), but correlated with a shorter period from transplantation to the rejection episode (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Only a shorter interval between transplantation and the acute rejection episode correlated with a good response to PE. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lipocalin‐2 is induced by interleukin‐1β in murine adipocytes in vitro
Authors: Sommer Grit , Weise Sebastian , Kralisch Susan , Lossner Ulrike , Bluher Matthias , Stumvoll Michael , Fasshauer Mathias 
Published: November 2008

AbstractLipocalin‐2 (Lcn2) has recently been isolated as an adipocyte‐secreted acute phase reactant that plays a role in insulin resistance, obesity, and atherosclerotic disease. In the current study, we determined regulation of Lcn2 by the proinflammatory and insulin resistance‐inducing cytokine interleukin (IL)‐1β in 3T3‐L1 and brown adipocytes by relative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Interestingly, IL‐1β dramatically induced Lcn2 mRNA in both adipocyte models. Furthermore, Lcn2 protein secretion was dramatically upregulated in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes after 24 h of IL‐1β treatment. Experiments using pharmacological inhibitors indicated that IL‐1β‐induced Lcn2 expression is mediated via nuclear factor κB and janus kinase 2. Taken together, our results show an upregulation of Lcn2 by IL‐1β in fat cells implicating a potential role of this adipocyte‐secreted acute phase reactant in the development of insulin resistance, obesity, and associated disorders including cardiovascular disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 103–108, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beta‐hairpin restraint potentials for calculations of potentials of mean force as a function of beta‐hairpin tilt, rotation, and distance
Authors: Lee Jinhyuk , Ham Sihyun , Im Wonpil 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe have developed a set of restraint potentials for β‐hairpin tilt relative to the membrane normal, β‐hairpin rotation around the β‐hairpin axis, and hairpin–hairpin distance. Such restraint potentials enable us to characterize the molecular basis of specific β‐hairpin tilt and rotation in membranes and hairpin–hairpin interactions at the atomic level by sampling their conformational space along these degrees of freedom, i.e., reaction coordinates, during molecular dynamics simulations. We illustrate the efficacy of the β‐hairpin restraint potentials by calculating the potentials of mean force (PMFs) as a function of tilt and rotation angles of protegrin‐1 (PG‐1), a β‐hairpin antimicrobial peptide, in an implicit membrane model. The peptide association in the membrane is also examined by calculating the PMFs as a function of distance between two PG‐1 peptides in various dimer interfaces. These novel restraint potentials are found to perform well in each of these cases and are expected to be a useful means to study the microscopic driving forces of insertion, tilting, and rotation of β‐hairpin peptides in membranes as well as their association in aqueous solvent or membrane environments particularly when combined with explicit solvent models. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Ultrastructural characterization of the new NG97ht human‐derived glioma cell line using two different electron microscopy technical procedures
Authors: Machado Camila Maria Longo , Zorzeto Tatiane Queiroz , Bianco Juares E. Romero , Rosa Renata Giardini , Genari Selma Candelaria , Joazeiro Paulo Pinto , Verinaud Liana 
Published: November 2008

AbstractOn the basis of transmission electron microscopy observations in tumor cell lines, oncologists have made innumerous diagnostic and therapeutical progresses. Following this path, the UNICAMP immunopathologies laboratory established the NG97 cell line derived from a human astrocytoma grade III, which when injected to the athymic nude mouse flank developed a grade IV astrocytoma. In this study, we focused on ultrastructural characterization of the NG97 cells after being recovered from xenotransplant (NG97ht). These cells in culture were assayed by two different electron microscopy procedures to characterize ultrastructures related to grade IV astrocytomas and to observe their structures through cell subcultivation. Additionally, comparative morphological descriptions of different cell passages in these technical procedures could be a useful tool for improving electron microscopy cell lineage protocols. Results from many cell passage observations showed ultrastructural similarities, which suggest malignant and glioblastoma phenotypes. In the first procedure, NG97ht cells were harvested and then incorporated into agarose before subjecting them to electron microscopy protocols, whereas in the second one, monolayer cells grew first on cover slides. Comparison among protocols revealed that organelles, cytoplasmatic extensions, spatial conformation of filopodia, and cell attachment to substrate were more preserved in the second procedure. Furthermore, in this latter procedure, a unique ellipsoidal structure was observed, which was already described when dealing with gliosarcoma cell line elsewhere. Therefore, these analyses demonstrated a morphological characterization of a new NG97ht cell line using electron transmission microscopy. Moreover, it has been shown that the second procedure provides more detailed information compared with the first. Microsc. Res. Tech, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.