bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regimen for accelerated propranolol initial dosing (RAPID)
Authors: Huang Charles Y. , Perman Marissa J. , Yan Albert C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundInfantile hemangiomas are common vascular tumors in children. Propranolol has proven effective in treating infantile hemangiomas and while generally safe, has potential risk for more serious side effects of hypoglycemia, hypotension, bradycardia, bronchospasm, and cardiovascular or respiratory compromise. Current prescribing guidelines recommend initiating propranolol doses at 1 mg/kg/day, with up‐titration to 2 mg/kg/day. This study aims to compare the incidence of adverse events in infants and children treated with propranolol initiated at 1 mg/kg/day versus being initiated directly at 2 mg/kg/day.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records of patients receiving propranolol therapy for infantile hemangiomas between October 2018–March 2021 at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Patients were categorized by initial propranolol dosage: 1 or 2 mg/kg/day. The primary outcome measures included parent‐reported adverse events, hypotension (defined by the Pediatric Advanced Life Support criteria), and bradycardia (defined as <1st percentile for age) following propranolol initiation.ResultsOut of the 244 patients identified, 123 were initiated at the 1 mg/kg/day dose, and 121 at the 2 mg/kg/day dose. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (p = .057). Additionally, among patients initiated at 2 mg/kg/day, there were no significant differences in the incidence of age‐related or weight‐related adverse events for those younger than 2 months or those in the 1st or 2nd quartile for weight (p = .53).ConclusionInfants and children initiated at 2 mg/kg/day did not demonstrate an increased incidence of adverse events associated with propranolol compared to those initiated at 1 mg/kg/day. These findings provide clinical evidence for the practice of accelerated propranolol initiation dosing.
A wild rice CSSL population facilitated identification of salt tolerance genes and rice germplasm innovation
Authors: Xing Meng , Nie Yamin , Huang Jingfen , Li Yapeng , Zhao Mingchao , Wang Shizhuang , Wang Yanyan , Chen Wenxi , Chen Ziyi , Zhang Lifang , Cheng Yunlian , Yang Qingwen , Sun Jiaqiang , Qiao Weihua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSalt stress is one of the major factors that limits rice production. Therefore, identification of salt‐tolerant alleles from wild rice is important for rice breeding. In this study, we constructed a set of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) using wild rice as the donor parent and cultivated rice Nipponbare (Nip) as the recurrent parent. Salt tolerance germinability (STG) was evaluated, and its association with genotypes was determined using this CSSL population. We identified 17 QTLs related to STG. By integrating the transcriptome and genome data, four candidate genes were identified, including the previously reported AGO2 and WRKY53. Compared with Nip, wild rice AGO2 has a structure variation in its promoter region and the expression levels were upregulated under salt treatments; wild rice WRKY53 also has natural variation in its promoter region, and the expression levels were downregulated under salt treatments. Wild rice AGO2 and WRKY53 alleles have combined effects for improving salt tolerance at the germination stage. One CSSL line, CSSL118 that harbors these two alleles was selected. Compared with the background parent Nip, CSSL118 showed comprehensive salt tolerance and higher yield, with improved transcript levels of reactive oxygen species scavenging genes. Our results provided promising genes and germplasm resources for future rice salt tolerance breeding.
A scientometric analysis and visualisation of elderly suicide research from 1951 to 2022
Authors: Palanbek Yavaş Seher , Baysan Caner 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are still many gaps in both national and international literature on elderly suicide. This study aimed to identify the most influential journals in elderly suicide, the countries and authors that contribute the most to the field, and the trends in the field.Material and MethodsStudies published on elderly suicide between 1951 and 2022 were retrieved utilising the Web of Science Core Collection. Co‐authorship analysis of countries and authors, as well as co‐occurrence analysis of keywords, were conducted using VOSviewer 1.6.18.ResultsThere were 2864 articles retrieved, including 95 countries, 889 academic journals, 9162 authors and 4160 keywords. The number of publications in this field has significantly increased after the 2000s, and the United States is the most productive country (996). The most prolific author is Yeates Conwell, while the journal with the highest number of publications in this field is the International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Other than ‘suicide’ and ‘elderly’, the most trending keywords are ‘depression’, ‘primary care’, ‘treatment’, ‘antidepressant’, ‘loneliness’, ‘quality of life’ and ‘COVID‐19’.ConclusionThere has been an increase in both the thematic diversity and quantity of studies on elderly suicide over time. However, these publications predominantly originate from socioeconomically affluent countries with relatively low suicide rates. While the increasing numbers of publications from developing countries in recent years are promising, there is a greater need for publications from countries with lower socioeconomic status for the prevention or intervention of elderly suicides.
Determinants of exercise adherence in sedentary middle‐aged and older adults
Authors: Cabral Danylo F. , Fried Peter J. , Bigliassi Marcelo , Cahalin Lawrence P. , Gomes‐Osman Joyce 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRegular exercise positively impacts neurocognitive health, particularly in aging individuals. However, low adherence, particularly among older adults, hinders the adoption of exercise routines. While brain plasticity mechanisms largely support the cognitive benefits of exercise, the link between physiological and behavioral factors influencing exercise adherence remains unclear. This study aimed to explore this association in sedentary middle‐aged and older adults. Thirty‐one participants underwent an evaluation of cortico‐motor plasticity using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to measure changes in motor‐evoked potentials following intermittent theta‐burst stimulation (iTBS). Health history, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise‐related behavioral factors were also assessed. The participants engaged in a 2‐month supervised aerobic exercise program, attending sessions three times a week for 60 min each, totaling 24 sessions at a moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity. They were divided into Completers (n = 19), who attended all sessions, and Dropouts (n = 12), who withdrew early. Completers exhibited lower smoking rates, exercise barriers, and resting heart rates compared to Dropouts. For Completers, TMS/iTBS cortico‐motor plasticity was associated with better exercise adherence (r = −.53, corrected p = .019). Exploratory hypothesis‐generating regression analysis suggested that post‐iTBS changes (β = −7.78, p = .013) and self‐efficacy (β = −.51, p = .019) may predict exercise adherence (adjusted‐R2 = .44). In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of TMS/iTBS cortico‐motor plasticity, self‐efficacy, and cardiovascular health in exercise adherence. Given the well‐established cognitive benefits of exercise, addressing sedentary behavior and enhancing self‐efficacy are crucial for promoting adherence and optimizing brain health. Clinicians and researchers should prioritize assessing these variables to improve the effectiveness of exercise programs.
Effects of Performance‐Based Financing on Availability, Quality, and Use of Family Planning Services in the Democratic Republic of Congo: An Impact Evaluation
Authors: Drouard Salomé Henriette Paulette , Brenner Stephan , Antwisi Delphin , Toure Ndeye Khady , Madhavan Supriya , Fink Günther , Shapira Gil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccess to high‐quality family planning services remains limited in many low‐ and middle‐income countries, resulting in a high burden of unintended pregnancies and adverse health outcomes. We used data from a large randomized controlled trial in the Democratic Republic of Congo to test whether performance‐based financing (PBF) can increase the availability, quality, and use of family planning services. Starting at the end of 2016, 30 health zones were randomly assigned to a PBF program, in which health facilities received financing conditional on the quantity and quality of offered services. Twenty‐eight health zones were assigned to a control group in which health facilities received unconditional financing of a similar magnitude. Follow‐up data collection took place in 2021–2022 and included 346 health facility assessments, 476 direct clinical observations of family planning consultations, and 9,585 household surveys. Findings from multivariable regression models show that the PBF program had strong positive impacts on the availability and quality of family planning services. Specifically, the program increased the likelihood that health facilities offered any family planning services by 20 percentage points and increased the likelihood that health facilities had contraceptive pills, injectables, and implants available by 23, 24, and 20 percentage points, respectively. The program also improved the process quality of family planning consultations by 0.59 standard deviations. Despite these improvements, and in addition to reductions in service fees, the program had a modest impact on contraceptive use, increasing the modern method use among sexually active women of reproductive age by 4 percentage points (equivalent to a 37 percent increase), with no significant impact on adolescent contraceptive use. These results suggest that although PBF can be an effective approach for improving the supply of family planning services, complementary demand‐side interventions are likely needed in a setting with very low baseline utilization.
Beyond the ‘tyranny of metrics’? Indicator literacy in sustainable finance
Authors: Eyre Ben , Bonilla Oiara , Brightman Marc , Voicu Stefan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSustainable finance ‘thought leaders’ call for metrics as the key to aligning investment with sustainability objectives and harnessing the market for ‘good’. In this article, we consider how measurement is used in sustainable finance through three case studies of financial instruments described as bonds (green, forest, and impact) and develop Sally Engle Merry's concept of ‘indicator literacy’ as a contribution to critical geographies of sustainable finance. Through ethnography, we explore how labelling financial products as sustainable (and therefore moral) increasingly relies on claims to achieve measurable outcomes and how attention to spatial and scalar dynamics illuminates what this leaves out.
Genome‐wide methylation landscape during somatic embryogenesis in Medicago truncatula reveals correlation between Tnt1 retrotransposition and hyperactive methylation regions
Authors: Nandety Raja Sekhar , Oh Sunhee , Lee Hee‐Kyung , Krom Nick , Gupta Rajeev , Mysore Kirankumar S. 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYMedicago truncatula is a model legume for fundamental research on legume biology and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Tnt1, a retrotransposon from tobacco, was used to generate insertion mutants in M. truncatula R108. Approximately 21 000 insertion lines have been generated and publicly available. Tnt1 retro‐transposition event occurs during somatic embryogenesis (SE), a pivotal process that triggers massive methylation changes. We studied the SE of M. truncatula R108 using leaf explants and explored the dynamic shifts in the methylation landscape from leaf explants to callus formation and finally embryogenesis. Higher cytosine methylation in all three contexts of CG, CHG, and CHH patterns was observed during SE compared to the controls. Higher methylation patterns were observed in assumed promoter regions (~2‐kb upstream regions of transcription start site) of the genes, while lowest was recorded in the untranslated regions. Differentially methylated promoter region analysis showed a higher CHH methylation in embryogenesis tissue samples when compared to CG and CHG methylation. Strong correlation (89.71%) was identified between the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and the site of Tnt1 insertions in M. truncatula R108 and stronger hypermethylation of genes correlated with higher number of Tnt1 insertions in all contexts of CG, CHG, and CHH methylation. Gene ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified genes and pathways enriched in the signal peptide processing, ATP hydrolysis, RNA polymerase activity, transport, secondary metabolites, and nitrogen metabolism pathways. Combined gene expression analysis and methylation profiling showed an inverse relationship between methylation in the DMRs (regions spanning genes) and the expression of genes. Our results show that a dynamic shift in methylation happens during the SE process in the context of CG, CHH and CHG methylation, and the Tnt1 retrotransposition correlates with the hyperactive methylation regions.
Early heart and skeletal muscle mitochondrial response to a moderate hypobaric hypoxia environment
Authors: Aragón‐Vela Jerónimo , Casuso Rafael A. , Aparisi Ana Sagrera , Plaza‐Díaz Julio , Rueda‐Robles Ascensión , Hidalgo‐Gutiérrez Agustín , López Luis Carlos , Rodríguez‐Carrillo Andrea , Enriquez José Antonio , Cogliati Sara , Huertas Jesús R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn eukaryotic cells, aerobic energy is produced by mitochondria through oxygen uptake. However, little is known about the early mitochondrial responses to moderate hypobaric hypoxia (MHH) in highly metabolic active tissues. Here, we describe the mitochondrial responses to acute MHH in the heart and skeletal muscle. Rats were randomly allocated into a normoxia control group (n = 10) and a hypoxia group (n = 30), divided into three groups (0, 6, and 24 h post‐MHH). The normoxia situation was recapitulated at the University of Granada, at 662 m above sea level. The MHH situation was performed at the High‐Performance Altitude Training Centre of Sierra Nevada located in Granada at 2320 m above sea level. We found a significant increase in mitochondrial supercomplex assembly in the heart as soon as the animals reached 2320 m above sea level and their levels are maintained 24 h post‐exposure, but not in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, in skeletal muscle, at 0 and 6 h, there was increased dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) expression and a significant reduction in Mitofusin 2. In conclusion, mitochondria from the muscle and heart respond differently to MHH: mitochondrial supercomplexes increase in the heart, whereas, in skeletal muscle, the mitochondrial pro‐fission response is trigged. Considering that skeletal muscle was not actively involved in the ascent when the heart was beating faster to compensate for the hypobaric, hypoxic conditions, we speculate that the different responses to MHH are a result of the different energetic requirements of the tissues upon MHH.
imageKey points
The heart and the skeletal muscle showed different mitochondrial responses to moderate hypobaric hypoxia.
Moderate hypobaric hypoxia increases the assembly of the electron transport chain complexes into supercomplexes in the heart.
Skeletal muscle shows an early mitochondrial pro‐fission response following exposure to moderate hypobaric hypoxia.
A High Energy Density Pulsed Power Supply for Micro Electrical Discharge Machining of High Aspect Ratio Holes
Authors: Cao Peiyao , Tong Hao , Li Yong , Zhu Yulan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In micro-electrical discharge machining (EDM), it is difficult to guarantee machining efficiency and accuracy when further increasing the aspect ratio of microholes due to poor circulation of working fluid and removal of debris. In order to increase the ratio of material vaporization erosion and reduce the ejection of large debris caused by material melting, this study proposes a high energy density pulsed power supply that increases the peak discharge current by adding energy-storage inductors with designed charging and discharging control. Machining microholes of diameters from 100 μm to 200 μm with aspect ratios of 10:1, 20:1, and 30:1 show that when the inductance increases from 4.7 μH to 20 μH, the peak current increases by more than two times and the machining efficiency improves by approximately 30%, and the accuracy of the aperture consistency is enhanced, while the occurrence of microcracks on the machined surface is significantly reduced.
The Dissolvable Alginate Fiber Network Produced Via the Immersed Microfluidic Spinning
Authors: Rajestari Zarya , Kalaus Joseph , Kulinsky Lawrence 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pore size and pore interconnectivity that characterize the topology of the vascular networks in tissue constructs are critical to healthy cell behavior and tissue formation. While scaffolds with hollow channel structures (that precede vascularization of tissue engineering constructs) have gained significant attention, still creating the hollow channel networks within various cellular matrices such as cell-laden hydrogels, remain a slow process limited by the speed of material extrusion of 3D printing techniques for the deposition of sacrificial fibers. To address the issue of low throughput for sacrificial fiber production and placement, we propose to utilize the micromanufacturing technique of the immersed microfluidic spinning. This study discusses the optimization of the topology of the sacrificial calcium alginate microfibers as a function of alginate concentration and the gauge of the needle used in the immersed fluidic spinning. An important parameter of the fabricated fiber network is the size of the loops produced via the immersed fluidic spinning. The nutrients should diffuse from the fluidic channel to the center of the loop. We demonstrate that the loops with radii between approximately 1600 and 3200 μm can be produced with needle of 30 gauge for alginate concentrations between 1% and 8%. Fiber diameters are also characterized as a function of needle gauge and alginate concentration. We demonstrate the creation of a hollow channel in a Methacrylate gelatin (GelMA) sample by dissolving the alginate fibers produced via the immersed fluidic spinning method. Finally, viability of the fibroblast cells in GelMA is qualitatively studied as a function of the distance of the cells from the outside boundary of the gel (where the cell media is located). As expected, the cell viability falls as the distance from the outer boundary of the gel increases.
Associations of excessive internet use, sleep duration and physical activity with school absences: a cross-sectional, population-based study of adolescents in years 8 and 9
Authors: Kosola Silja , Kullberg Marianne , Melander Katja , Engblom Janne , Ranta Klaus , Alanko Katarina 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundInternet use has increased and sleep and physical activity (PA) have decreased in recent years among adolescents. Besides sleep and PA, another determinant of future health for adolescents is education. Our aim was to evaluate the associations of excessive internet use (EIU), short sleep duration and low PA with both unexcused absences and medical absences during lower secondary school.MethodsThe School Health Promotion study is a national survey of adolescents conducted biennially in Finland. We used data collected in 2019, when EIU was assessed for the first time. Cumulative odds ratio analysis was conducted with unexcused absences and medical absences as outcome variables. Besides EIU, sleep duration and PA, the associations of maternal education and parental relations were assessed.ResultsThe mean age of the 86 270 participants was 15.3 years. Girls scored higher than boys on EIU. In all, 34.7% of participants slept less than 8 hours per night during the school week, and 34.3% reported low PA (ie, less than 3 days per week with minimum 1 hour of PA per day). EIU, short sleep and low PA were associated with both unexcused absences and medical absences from school. Longer sleep during weekends showed no association with absences, but good parental relations had the strongest protective association with both unexcused and medical absences.ConclusionsEIU, short sleep duration and low PA were associated with both unexcused and medical absences from school. This has important implications for both the promotion of general health and the support offered to students with alarming school absences.
Heyde’s syndrome: a challenging case of severe aortic stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Abouzid Mohamed , Abdelhakeem Ahmed , Elshafie Shorouk , Ghorab Ahmad 
Published: April 2024

We present the case of an elderly man with a history of diastolic congestive heart failure, severe aortic stenosis and atrial fibrillation, who presented with fatigue, weakness, coffee ground emesis and black tarry stool. Haemoglobin was 68 g/L. Lactate dehydrogenase was elevated at 1038. Evaluation by cardiology and gastroenterology specialists revealed reflux oesophagitis and a mild hiatal hernia on oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, normal colonoscopy and small bowel series without obstruction. Capsule endoscopy identified angiodysplasia in the small intestine.The patient was diagnosed with Heyde’s syndrome based on the triad of severe aortic stenosis, gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasia and acquired von Willebrand syndrome. The patient underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement, resulting in the resolution of symptoms.Heyde’s syndrome represents a challenging clinical entity requiring a multidisciplinary approach for accurate diagnosis and management. Early recognition, prompt intervention and interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial in optimising patient outcomes.
Quality of reporting inflammatory bowel disease randomised controlled trials: a systematic review
Authors: Gordon Morris , Khudr Jamal , Sinopoulou Vassiliki , Lakunina Svetlana , Rane Aditi , Akobeng Anthony 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveOur objective was to perform a systemic evaluation of the risk of bias in randomised controlled trial (RCT) reports published on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).DesignWe assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane tool, as indicators of poor methodology or subsequently poor reporting. We systematically selected, with dual independent judgements, all studies published on IBD with no time limits and assessed the methodological quality of included studies again using independent dual ratings.Results563 full texts were included after selection and review. No abstract publications were free of any source of bias. Full-text publications still fared badly, as only 103 full-text papers exhibited a low risk of bias in all reporting domains when excluding blinding. RCTs published in journals with higher impact factor (IF) were associated with an overall reduced rate of being at high risk. However, only 6% of full RCT publications in journals with an IF greater than 10, published in the past 5 years, were free of bias.The trend over time is towards improved reporting in all areas. Trials published by larger author teams, in full-text form and by industry and public sponsorship were positively correlated with a lower risk of bias. Only allocation concealment showed a statistically significant improvement with time (p=0.037).ConclusionThese findings are consistent with those of other specialties in the literature. While this unclear risk of bias may represent poor reporting of methods instead of poor methodological quality, it leaves readers and future secondary researchers with significant questions regarding such key issues.