bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE THERAPY ON HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE IN CHILDREN WITH HYPOPITUITARISM
Authors: LARON Z. , ROITMAN A. , KAULI R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYHead circumference was measured before and during hGH therapy in fourteen children with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) and in twenty‐one children with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD).In both groups there was a retardation in growth of the neurocranium, more marked in the children with IGHD, which was less than the retardation in linear height. In the group with IGHD, initiation of hGH therapy before a chronological age of 5 and a bone age of 3 had been reached led to a rapid catch‐up in cranial growth with normalization of the head size. In older children the induction of head growth was similar to that achieved by the long bones but without a true catch‐up phenomenon. In three adults with hereditary IGHD without therapy or with irregular treatment during late puberty, the head circumference was below normal range.In view of the possible role played by development of brain tissue upon cranial size, the importance of early diagnosis and initiation of therapy in infants and young children with a deficiency of hGH is stressed.
SERUM T3 AND T4 LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH ANOREXIA NERVOSA SHOWING TRANSIENT HYPERTHYROIDISM DURING WEIGHT GAIN
Authors: MOORE RAY , MILLS IVOR H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSerum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels were measured in a group of thirty‐three patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and compared with twenty‐five control women presenting with hirsutism and twenty‐one patients with primary myxoedema. T3 levels in the AN patients were significantly lower than in the control subjects and in the patients with myxoedema while T4 levels were significantly higher than in the patients with hypothyroidism but significantly lower than in the control group. Seventeen anorexia patients had further T3 and T4 levels measured following an arbitrary 25% weight gain and both levels had increased significantly. For individual patients, the absolute rise in T3 levels was significantly correlated with the rate of weight gain. Thirteen patients had serial T3 and T4 levels measured during their periods of weight gain. Eight of these subjects showed a gradual rise in T3 levels from subnormal or low normal levels to values in the upper normal range. Four subjects showed a distinct and self limiting overshoot of T3 levels and, associated with this, the patients had clinical features of mild hyperthyroidism.
THE EFFECT OF SOMATOSTATIN ON METABOLIC AND HORMONAL CHANGES DURING AND AFTER EXERCISE
Authors: CHALMERS R. J. , BLOOM S. R. , DUNCAN G. , JOHNSON R. H. , SULAIMAN W. R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of intravenous somatostatin on blood levels of metabolites and hormones has been examined in normal subjects who performed a 30‐minute period of bicycle exercises at 70% maximal exercise capacity. The results have been compared with control studies in the same subjects. Measurements were made of blood levels of lactate, glucose, free fatty acids, glycerol, acetoacetate, 3‐hydroxybutyrate, insulin, glucagon, growth hormone (hGH) and prolactin. Growth hormone and glucagon release were suppressed during exercise with somatostatin and there was a subsequent elevation during recovery. There was slight post‐exercise depression of insulin, but no alteration of plasma prolactin secretion. Blood glucose was reduced during exercise with somatostatin and increased during recovery. The elevation of ketone bodies after exercise was greater in the investigation with somatostatin, but there were no significant changes in other metabolites. Somatostatin, although causing inhibition of hGH release, appeared to have no significant effect upon fatty acid mobilization during exercise.
LONGITUDINAL STUDY OR SERUM THYROID HORMONES, CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AND THYROTROPHIN DURING AND AFTER NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: YAMAMOTO TOSHIHIDE , AMINO NOBUYUKI , TANIZAWA OSAMU , DOI KEI , ICHIHARA KIYOSHI , AZUKIZAWA MIZUO , MIYAI KIYOSHI 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMeasurements of serum levels of thyroxine (T4), free T4, 3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine (T3), free T3, 3,3′,5′‐triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3), thyroxine‐binding globulin capacity (TBGcap), chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and thyrotrophin (TSH) were carried out prospectively in eight women with uncomplicated pregnancies, in order to examine interrelationships between the thyroid gland and thyroid stimulating hormones during pregnancy. During pregnancy the levels of T4, free T4, T3, rT3 and TBGcap were significantly elevated, and TSH was decreased. It was noted that the elevation of T4 was maintained from the 8th to the 27th week of gestation while the level of TBGcap progressively increased. The levels of free T4 and rT3 in the first and third trimesters were significantly higher than those of age‐matched, non‐pregnant women. The levels of hCG showed a biphasic variation, with a peak in the 8th to 15th weeks, followed by a decline in the second trimester and a small, secondary elevation in the 32nd to 39th weeks. This later elevation was positively correlated with changes in free T4 and free T3 levels. The increase of serum T4 accompanied by an increase of free T4 in the first trimester appeared due to augmented secretion of T4, rather than being secondary to the elevated levels of TBGcap.
PROGRESSIVE VISUAL FAILURE IN ACROMEGALY FOLLOWING EXTERNAL PITUITARY IRRADIATION
Authors: ATKINSON A. B. , ALLEN I. V. , GORDON D. S. , HADDEN D. R. , MAGUIRE C. J. F. , TRIMBLE E. R. , LYONS A. R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFour out of twenty‐three acromegalic patients selected for treatment with external megavoltage pituitary irradiation between 1961 and 1975 developed progressive visual failure. They had received megavoltage external irradiation through multiple portals from a cobalt‐60 unit over a period of 3 weeks. Visual deterioration began 2 months to 6 years after irradiation. In two patients the optic nerves were explored. In both, post‐mortem later confirmed radiation damage to the optic nerves and hypothalamus. In one case there was also necrosis of the right frontal lobe with necrosis and inflammation of the bone surrounding the pituitary fossa. In the two other patients, extensive clinical and neuroradiological investigation excluded the presence of a suprasellar mass as a cause for this visual failure and a clinical diagnosis of radiation necrosis was made.
BROMOCRIPTINE SUPPRESSION OF TRH‐STIMULATED PROLACTIN AND THYROTROPHIN RELEASE AND ACCOMPANYING INHIBITION OF BROMOCRIPTINE INDUCED GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE BY TRH IN NORMAL MAN
Authors: BROWN P. M. , BACCHUS R. , SACHS L. , SÖNKSEN P. H. , WHEELER M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSix normal fasting males received on four separate occasions in random order (1) a placebo tablet followed 60 min later by 200 μg of TRH intravenously (2) bromocriptine 2.5 mg orally followed by TRH intravenously (3) bromocriptine 2.5 mg orally followed by a placebo injection and (4) placebo tablet followed by placebo injection. Plasma prolactin and TSH responses to TRH were decreased following bromocriptine pretreatment. The rise of plasma growth hormone after bromocriptine was inhibited by TRH. The rise in plasma FSH seen after TRH injection was not influenced by bromocriptine pretreatment. Circulating LH and insulin concentrations were unaffected by any drug administration. These results suggest a dopaminergic influence on prolactin and TSH release in normal men, an inhibitory effect of TRH on bromocriptine stimulated growth hormone secretion, and no dopaminergic modulation of basal insulin secretion.
PLASMA LEVELS OF SOMATOSTATIN‐LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY–INDEPENDENCE OF KIDNEY FUNCTIÓN
Authors: LUNDQVIST GUDMAR , GUSTAVSSON SVEN , HÄLLGREN ROGER 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPlasma levels of somatostatin‐like immunoreactivity (SLI) and gastrin were determined by radioimmunoassay in patients with varying degrees of renal dysfunction. The plasma SLI was not increased in patients with end‐stage renal failure as compared to healthy controls. In patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency no significant correlation was found between the plasma SLI and kidney function as estimated by the51Cr‐EDTA‐clearance rate. In uraemic patients a significant inverse correlation was found between plasma SLI and plasma gastrin.
ECTOPIC FUNCTIONING ADRENOCORTICO‐MYELOLIPOMA IN LONGSTANDING NELSON'S SYNDROME
Authors: MASCHLER ITZHAK , ROSENMANN ELIEZER , EHRENFELD ERNEST N. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA 26‐year‐old man with the Nelson's syndrome is described, in whom an abdominal tumour developed, accompanied by recurrent Cushing's syndrome 11 years after total adrenalectomy. Upon removal the tumour was a myelolipoma containing islands of adrenocortical‐like elements. On incubation of the tumour with radioactive precursors, its capacity to produce cortisol in vitro was shown. The name adrenocortico‐myelolipoma is suggested for this tumour.
MINERALOCORTICOID REPLACEMENT IN ADDISON'S DISEASE
Authors: THOMPSON D. G. , MASON A. STUART , GOODWIN F. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYEight patients with treated Addison's disease were studied whilst receiving different doses of fludrocortisone together with a constant intake of glucocorticoid. Plasma renin activity (PRA), blood pressure, pulse rate and plasma potassium and urea concentrations were measured after 2‐week periods on each dose. In two patients, PRA measurements indicated that mineralocorticoid replacement therapy had been inadequate. In four others, PRA remained normal throughout the study, even after fludrocortisone had been discontinued, suggesting that the drug was unnecessary for the maintenance of normal sodium balance in these patients. Asymptomatic fludrocortisone overdosage was indicated by a low plasma potassium concentration, but not by PRA measurements which failed in this study to distinguish between adequate and excessive mineralocorticoid replacement.
PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AND ALDOSTERONE CONCENTRATION IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH SALT‐LOSING TYPE OF CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA DURING INFANCY
Authors: KOSHIMIZU TAKASHI 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPlasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentration (PAC) were determined in normal infants aged 20 days to 1 year as well as in normal neonates and older children. The responses of PRA and PAC to five intramuscular injections of synthetic ACTH‐Z at 6‐hour intervals while on replacement cortisol therapy were also studied in nine infants with salt‐losing type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21‐hydroxylase deficiency (CAH) of varying severity, using the data obtained in normal infants as control. The mean PRA and PAC decreased with age from the neonatal period, but in infants aged 20 days to 3 months these variables remained as high as those in newborns. They were also remarkably higher in infants aged 4 to 12 months than in older children. In two cases of CAH (cases 1 and 2) where salt wasting symptoms had been only transiently observed during the neonatal period, PAC was markedly elevated in response to ACTH administration, while in the remaining seven infants with CAH (cases 3–9) with persistent salt wasting symptoms, PAC was not elevated at all or only slightly so. PRA, on the other hand, increased with time during the ACTH stimulation in cases 3–9, while it increased and then decreased in cases 1 and 2. These findings suggest that the salt‐wasting symptoms in CAH may arise where there is a tendency toward renal salt loss due to the overproduction of ACTH‐dependent steroids characteristic of this disease, and cannot be compensated for by sufficient secretion of aldosterone. In cases 3–9, the maximal PAC under the ACTH stimulation was 17–44 ng/dl. These levels are comparable to or even higher than the normal range for control older children aged 2–8 years, but the levels were inappropriately low for the marked elevation of PRA in all of them when compared with the mean level in normal infants. Therefore, these data also seem to explain at least in part the well known clinical fact that the salt wasting symptoms in CAH are severe during infancy, requiring the administration of mineralocorticoids in addition to cortisol. However, beyond infancy only the replacement cortisol therapy is necessary to remit the symptoms.
MATERNAL SERUM PROLACTIN AND ITS RESPONSE TO TRH IN NORMAL AND COMPLICATED EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: YLIKORKALA O. , KIVINEN S. , REINILA M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMaternal serum prolactin levels (PRL) were measured by radioimmunoassay in thirty‐four women with either normal or complicated early pregnancy. The basal PRL level (mean ± S.D.) of 33.4 ± 16.4 ng/ml in normal pregnancy (n= 15) was similar to the level of 32.7 ± 18.8 ng/ml in threatened abortion (n= 11) and 32.8 ± 16.9 ng/ml in hyperemesis gravidarum (n= 8). Two patients, one with blighted ovum and the other with subsequent spontaneous abortion, demonstrated PRL levels lower than the range of 20–63 ng/ml in the control group. The PRL response to 200 μg of synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) administered intravenously was similar throughout the patient groups. The basal level of PRL in the whole series was more closely related to the level of serum oestradiol (r= 0.778, P < 0.001) than to that of serum progesterone (r= 0.442, P < 0.05). However the increments of PRL following TRH administration did not correlate with either oestradiol or progesterone.
LACK OF EFFECT OF PROLACTIN SUPPRESSION ON PLASMA DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE
Authors: METCALF M. G. , ESPINER E. A. , DONALD R. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn twelve patients with hyperprolactinaemia, treatment which reduced plasma prolactin from a mean of 531 μg/1 (range 68–3500 μg/1) to 8.3 μg/1 (0–27 μg/1), caused no significant change in plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHA‐SO4).Pre‐treatment levels of DHA‐SO4 were within the normal range in eleven out of twelve cases. The results do not support for claims that prolactin excess is associated with an increase in circulating DHA‐SO4.
EFFECTS OF HEROIN ADDICTION ON THYROTROPHIN, THYROID HORMONES AND PROLACTIN SECRETION IN MEN
Authors: CHAN VIVIAN , WANG CHRISTINA , YEUNG ROSE T. T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPituitary‐thyroid function in male heroin addicts and addicts after abstinence (exaddicts) was studied and compared with that of healthy euthyroid men. In heroin addicts the increases in circulating total thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels were accompanied by an increase in the thyroid hormone uptake test. These changes may reflect a quantitative increase in thyroxine binding globulin. Reverse triiodothyronine concentrations in heroin addicts were normal. The thyrotrophin‐releasing hormone elicited a diminished thyrotrophin response in heroin addicts which was significantly different from that in control subjects and ex‐addicts. An elevation of serum prolactin was noted in heroin addicts, while ex‐addicts had normal levels. Gradual recovery of pituitary‐thyroid function occurred after heroin withdrawal.
HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (hGH) STIMULATION TESTS: THE SEQUENTIAL EXERCISE AND l‐DOPA PROCEDURE
Authors: LIBERMAN BERNARDO , CESAR FERNANDO PRESTES , WAJCHENBERG BERNARDO LÉO 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYForty‐eight normal volunteers, thirteen subjects with short stature without apparent cause and thirty‐one patients with delayed growth clinically highly suggestive of growth hormone deficiency (GHD), with chronological ages of 11.4 ±0.4 years (mean±SEM), 14.0 ±0.7 years and 12.8 ± 0.8 years; height age of 11.0 ± 0.4 years, 8.9 ± 0.7 years and 6.3 ± 0.4 years and bone age of 10.7 ± 0.7 years, 9.9 ± 0.8 years and 7.5 ± 0.7 years respectively, were tested with provocative tests of human growth hormone (hGH) release—insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia, arginine infusion, l‐DOPA, exercise and sequential exercise and l‐DOPA‐in order to identify growth hormone deficiency. In the ‘normal’ subjects (control plus short stature) the sequential exercise and l‐DOPA test induced the greatest peak and integrated secretion rates of plasma hGH (16.5 ± 1.2 ng/ml and 679 ± 70 ng/ml/120 min respectively) when compared to other tests. This combined stimulus was the only one to which all ‘normal’ subjects responded: a similar degree of responsiveness has not been earlier described for other hGH‐stimuli. The responses observed with all stimuli were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in GHD group compared to the ‘normal subjects’.Emphasis was given to the sequential exercise and l‐DOPA test as an innocuous, sensitive and simplified procedure in the evaluation of children with growth retardation.
THYROID ADENYLATE CYCLASE STIMULATING IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN THYROID DISEASES*
Authors: BECH K. , MADSEN S. NISTRUP 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe occurrence of serum immunoglobulins with capacity to stimulate thyroid adenylate cyclase (TSAb) was studied in seventy‐two healthy volunteers and 120 unselected patients with various thyroid diseases. A high frequency of TSAb (82.5%, P>0.00006) was found in Graves’disease, while TSAb was present only in 13–20% of serum from patients with nontoxic nodular goitre, nontoxic diffuse goitre, toxic adenoma, toxic nodular goitre and myxoedema. These patients had low level of TSAb compared to patients with Graves’disease. In patients with Graves’disease there was no correlation between the level of TSAb and hormonal status except serum triiodothyronine (rs=0.29, P<0.05), and no relation with eye involvement or presence of microsomal thyroid antibodies was found.The results indicate that the human thyroid adenylate cyclase assay system with 1 hour incubation periods is a sensitive method for detection of immunoglobulins with TSH‐like capacity to stimulate the thyroid gland.
ECTOPIC PITUITARY ADENOMAS
Authors: RASMUSSEN P. , LINDHOLM J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe report here four cases representing different forms of ectopic pituitary adenomas localized: (1) in the nasal cavity, (2) in the sphenoidal sinus, (3) on the sphenoidal wing and (4) on the petrous temporal bone. Ectopic pituitary adenomas may probably occur in extrasellar pituitary tissue deposited along the route of fetal development or as a result of intracranial dissemination of adenomatous cells during operation. It is assumed that in some cases ectopic pituitary tissue may retain endocrine function leading to a sustained pituitary function even after a radical hypo‐physectomy.
UNALTERED BASAL PROLACTIN SECRETION DURING SHORT‐TERM OESTRIOL TREATMENT IN POST‐MENOPAUSAL WOMEN*
Authors: L'HERMITE M. , BADAWI M. M. , MICHAUX‐DUCHENE A. , ROBYN C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSix post‐menopausal women were submitted, at 1 month interval, to oral oestriol treatment for 14day periods at daily doses of 2 and 6 mg. Blood samples were collected for LH, FSH and PRL measurements (by RIA) every other day during treatments as well as during a 14‐day control period. Though the effect on LH levels was questionable, oestriol resulted in a clear and significant, although moderate, gradual decrease of mean FSH levels. At the doses used, which are effective in the treatment of menopausal symptoms, but are devoid of any proliferative effect upon the endometrium, oestriol failed to induce any stimulatory effect on basal PRL secretion in these post‐menopausal women.
MEASUREMENT OF 1,25‐DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL IN MAN BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY
Authors: CLEMENS T. L. , HENDY G. N. , PAPAPOULOS S. E. , FRAHER L. J. , CARE A. D. , O'RIORDAN J. L. H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY1α,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25‐(OH)2D3) has been measured in human serum by radioimmunoassay. The assay uses a high titre antiserum raised in sheep against 1,25‐(OH)2D3‐25‐hemisuccinate, conjugated to bovine serum albumin. The sensitivity of the assay is 10 pg/tube. Other hydroxylated forms of vitamin D3 cross react with the antiserum and are therefore removed from serum extracts by chromatography on Sephadex LH 20 followed by high pressure liquid chromatography. The mean (± SEM) serum 1,25‐(OH)2D3 concentration for a group of healthy adult subjects was 41 ± 2.5 pg/ml. None was detected in anephric patients and the concentration was low or undetectable in patients with chronic renal failure.
THE INFLUENCE OF BROMOCRIPTINE ON SERUM LEVELS OF GROWTH HORMONE AND OTHER PITUITARY HORMONES AND ITS METABOLIC EFFECTS IN ACTIVE ACROMEGALY
Authors: ROELFSEMA F. , GOSLINGS B. M. , FRÖLICH M. , MOOLENAAR A. J. , VAN SETERS A. P. , SLOOTEN H. VAN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of treatment with bromocriptine for 12–18 months on serum GH and metabolic responses was studied in sixteen patients with active acromegaly. Of this group ten patients showing a sustained GH reduction of more than 50% during an 8 h bromocriptine test, proved to be responsive to long‐term therapy. In the responding patients GH levels decreased to 38% of the pretreatment level after 12 months of therapy. A dose higher than 10 mg did not produce a significantly greater effect. Prolactin and LH levels decreased in all patients, FSH levels showed a significant rise. Testosterone levels in the male patients increased significantly, indicating that the state of hypogonadism can at least be partially reversed. The GH levels became normal in only one patient. We conclude that the role of bromocriptine in acromegaly is limited and selective pituitary operation and/or irradiation is preferred as definitive treatment in most patients.
DISSOCIATED THYROXINE, TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND REVERSE TRIIODOTHYRONINE LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH FAMILIAL GOITRE DUE TO IODIDE ORGANIFICATION DEFECTS*
Authors: CHAN VIVIAN , WANG CHRISTINA , YEUNG ROSE T. T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe thyroid function of patients with three different types of organification defect was studied. All patients were characterized by a high thyroidal 13 I uptake and a positive perchlorate discharge. Patients with Pendred's syndrome who had goitre and congenital nerve deafness were mostly euthyroid with normal circulating thyroid hormone levels. Only two of them had compensated euthyroidism with elevated total T3, high basal TSH and delayed return to basal value after TRH. The patients who were euthyroid with large goitres and normal hearing had elevated total T3 and an exaggerated TSH response to TRH. The thyroid function of these two groups of patients contrasted with that of goitrous cretins, who were clinically hypothyroid with low circulating total T4, increased T3 and decreased rT3 levels. The data suggest that in patients with intrathyroidal iodine deficiency secondary to organification defect, there is preferential T3 production in an effort to maintain euthyroid state, and this is further substantiated in the case of gross thyroid insufficiency either by enhanced peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, or reduced metabolic clearance of T3 and increased clearance of rT3, resulting in elevated T3 and decreased rT3 levels.