bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Testicular Warming Enhances the Suppressive Effect of Testosterone on Spermatogenesis in Adult Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Lue Yanhe , Wang Christina , Liu Yi-Xun , Hikim Amiya P. Sinha , Zhang Xue-Sen , Ng Chiu-Ming , Hu Zhao-Yuan , Li Yin-Chuan , Leung Andrew , Swerdloff Ronald S. 
Published: February 2006

Context: The context of the study was to examine whether combined testosterone (T) and heat (H) treatment have additive or synergistic effects on suppression of spermatogenesis.Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether T+H induces a greater suppression of spermatogenesis than either treatment alone in monkeys.Design: The study was a randomized, placebo-controlled study.Setting: The study was conducted at a primate center in China.Participants: The study population was comprised of 32 adult cynomolgus monkeys.Interventions: Groups of eight adult monkeys were treated for 12 wk with: 1) two empty implants (C); 2) two T implants (T); 3) daily testicular heat exposure (43 C for 30 min) for 2 consecutive days (H); or 4) two T implants plus testicular heat exposure (T+H). Treatment was followed by an 8-wk recovery period.Main Outcome Measures: Measures included sperm counts and germ cell apoptosis.Results: Serum T levels were elevated in both the T and T+H groups during treatment but not in the C or H group. Sperm counts were transiently suppressed after heat to 16.4% of baseline at 4 wk and then returned to pretreatment levels. Sperm counts were suppressed slowly after T treatment to nadir of 6.4% of pretreatment levels at 12 wk. T+H rapidly suppressed sperm output as early as 4 wk to 3.9% of pretreatment levels that was maintained throughout treatment. The decreased sperm counts were due to increased germ cell apoptosis in all treatment groups. Sperm counts recovered to the pretreatment levels in all groups by 8 wk after treatment.Conclusion: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that transient testicular warming enhances and hastens the effect of T implant on the suppression of spermatogenesis in monkeys.
Linear Relationship between Activity of a New Ru-catalyst and Acidity of Substituted Benzoic Acids in the Dimerization of Acrylonitrile
Authors: Kashiwagi Kohichi , Sugise Ryoji , Shimakawa Toshihiro , Matuura Tunao , Shirai Masashi 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
A new type of catalyst system using ruthenium and carboxylic acid is useful for the tail-to-tail dimerization of acrylonitrile, proceeding without the formation of undesired by-product propionitrile. Carboxylic acids having pKa 3.5–5 are suitable as co-catalysts for the dimerization of acrylonitrile. The relationship between the logarithm of the relative rate in the dimer formation and the pKa of m- and p-substituted benzoic acids (Brønsted plot) was linear (R2 = 0.946) with a slope of −0.199. The role of the carboxylic acids can be considered to be effective protonation in the protonolysis of the carbon–ruthenium bond of an intermediate Ru complex.
Fabrication of Ordered Nanostructures in Ta Films Using 2D Array of Ferritin Molecules as Template
Authors: Masuda Hideki , Matsui Yoshitaka , Miwa Tetsuya , Nagae Mitsutaka , Tanji Miyuki , Nishio Kazuyuki 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Metal (Ta) films with ordered structures of nanometer-scale dimensions were fabricated by replicating the structure of a 2D array of ferritin molecules as a template. The deposition of a Ta layer onto a 2D array of ferritin molecules using ion-beam sputtering and subsequent removal of the ferritin molecules generated Ta films with an ordered array of concave with a 13 nm interval. The uniformity and chemical stability of Ta formed by ion-beam sputtering contributed to the precise replication of the fine structures of the 2D array of ferritin molecules.
Large-scale Synthesis of SrCrO4 Nanowires and PbCrO4 Nanorods by a Solution-phase Method at Room Temperature
Authors: Wang Wen-Shou , Xu Cheng-Yan , Zhen Liang , Yang Li , Shao Wen-Zhu 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
A facile, large-scale, solution-phase method has been developed to the synthesis of ABO4-type chromate nanowires/rods at room temperature. Single-crystalline strontium chromate nanowires and lead chromate nanorods were fabricated by this method without heating or adding any surfactants or polymers. The structure and morphology of the nanowires/rods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). This simple method may also be extended to the synthesis of other ABO4-type chromate one-dimensional nanostructures with a large-scale and low-cost production.
Ink-jet Microchip Interface between Liquid Flow and Flame-ionization Detector
Authors: Nishiyama Takahide , Endo Fumihiro , Eguchi Hiroko , Tsunokawa Jun , Nakagama Tatsuro , Seino Nobuko , Shinoda Masaki , Shimosaka Takuya , Hobo Toshiyuki , Uchiyama Katsumi 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
An ink-jet microchip interface between the continuous liquid flow and flame-ionization detector (FID) for gas chromatography (GC) has been developed. An ink-jet microchip for a conventional recorder was modified for the interface. When the interface was used for a flow-injection analysis (FIA) system with FID, 3.3 ng of the detection limit (S/N = 3) of ethanol in water was performed.
Highly Efficient Water Splitting over K3Ta3B2O12 Photocatalyst without Loading Cocatalyst
Authors: Kurihara Toshiyasu , Okutomi Hiroaki , Miseki Yugo , Kato Hideki , Kudo Akihiko 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
K3Ta3B2O12 with pillared structure showed a high photocatalytic activity for water splitting into H2 and O2 without assistance of cocatalysts. The bandgap of K3Ta3B2O12 was 4.2 eV. K3Ta3B2O12 showed blue photoluminescence at 77 K by the bandgap excitation as well as other tantalate photocatalysts for water splitting.
Shape- and Size-controlled Synthesis of Tetrahedral Pd Nanoparticles Using Tetranuclear Pd Cluster as Precursor
Authors: Norimatsu Fujie Y , Mizokoshi Yugo , Mori Kohsuke , Mizugaki Tomoo , Ebitani Kohki , Kaneda Kiyotomi 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Structurally well-defined tetrahedral Pd nanocrystals were obtained by a simple stabilizer- and reductant-free synthesis method using a tetranuclear Pd cluster as a precursor. The Pd tetrahedral nanoparticles were successfully immobilized on the surface of a solid support maintaining not only their size but also their shape.
Cognitive executive function in Down's syndrome
Authors: Rowe John , Lavender Anthony , Turk Vicky 
Published: February 2006

Objectives. The study investigated executive function in adults with Down's syndrome.Design. Participants with Down's syndrome (N=26) were compared with non‐Down syndrome learning disabled participants (N=26).Method. The two group's performance on a range of tests of executive function were compared. Groups were matched on age and a measure of vocabulary.Results. The Down's syndrome group performed at a significantly lower level on a number of tests of executive function.Conclusion. It is suggested that impaired executive function in Down's syndrome is due to abnormal development of the prefrontal cortex in Down's syndrome. Tests of executive function may be sensitive to cognitive changes with the onset of dementia in people with Down's syndrome. Longitudinal studies examining changes in executive function in people with Down's syndrome are recommended.
Do empirically supported treatments generalize to private practice? A benchmark study of a cognitive‐behavioural group treatment programme for social phobia
Authors: Gaston Jonathan E. , Abbott Maree J. , Rapee Ronald M. , Neary Sally A. 
Published: February 2006

Objectives. There is much debate as to whether the treatment effects achieved in well‐controlled studies such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are generalizable to more ‘naturalistic’ clinical populations, such as that seen in private practice. The current study sought to examine this issue in relation to social phobia.Design. A benchmarking strategy was used to compare the effectiveness of a cognitive‐behaviour therapy group programme for social phobia that was developed and evaluated in a research unit, to that of a private practice population.Methods. Fifty‐eight participants from a university research unit and 54 participants from an independent private practice who met the principal diagnostic criteria for social phobia completed the 10‐session group programme. Symptom severity was measured at pre‐treatment, post‐treatment, and 3 months after treatment.Results. No significant treatment differences were found between the research unit and private practice groups. Both groups showed significant treatment effects that were maintained at 3‐month follow‐up.Conclusion. These findings suggest that treatments developed for RCTs are potentially transportable to private practice settings.
Mood fluctuations in people putatively at risk for bipolar disorders
Authors: Hofmann Beate U. , Meyer Thomas D. 
Published: February 2006

Objectives. The dysregulation of the Behavioural Activation System (BAS) is discussed as a vulnerability marker for bipolar disorders, resulting in fluctuations of activity and mood. People putatively at risk for bipolar disorders (BD) should therefore show mood fluctuations.Method. Using the ‘Hypomanic Personality Scale’ (HPS) three groups of young adults with high (N=17), medium (N=19), and low scores (N=18) were selected and completed a 28‐day diary including CES‐D and PANAS.Results. People at risk for bipolar disorders exhibited high levels of manic symptoms, positive and negative affect. They also generally reported more mood instability.Conclusions. The results support the hypothesis that fluctuations of mood and symptoms might be a core characteristic of the hypothesized vulnerability for BD. These fluctuations of mood were, however, not restricted to positive affect as a dysregulation of the BAS would suggest.
I see what you see: The lack of a self‐serving body‐image bias in eating disorders
Authors: Jansen Anita , Smeets Tom , Martijn Carolien , Nederkoorn Chantal 
Published: February 2006

Objectives. Eating‐disordered subjects feel unattractive, and the current idea is that this feeling reflects a distorted body image. A distorted body image requires a mismatch between the negative self‐judgments and more objective judgments of the body.Design and methods. To examine whether eating‐disordered subjects have valid reasons for their feelings of unattractiveness, the body images of eating‐symptomatic subjects and control models were compared with inter‐subjective evaluations of these bodies given by two community samples (panels; N=72, N=88).Results. Although the objective body sizes of the eating‐symptomatic subjects were in the normal range and not different from control bodies, the first panel rated the (headless) bodies of the eating‐symptomatic subjects as less attractive. This finding was replicated with the second panel. There was also large agreement between the eating‐symptomatic subjects and the second panel on the specific body parts that were indicated as unattractive. Contrary to the eating‐symptomatic subjects, the control models showed a strong positively biased perception of their own attractiveness: they rated their own bodies more positively than others rated them.Conclusion. Consensual validation of the harsh body appraisals of eating‐symptomatic subjects was found. Interestingly, the normal controls were the ones that showed a biased body image; they rated themselves far more attractive than other people rated them. These data suggest that the real problem in eating disorders is not a distorted body image but a lack of a distorted body image, that is, the lack of a self‐serving body‐image bias.
The Global Justice Movement: Where it Came From; Where We Hope it's Going
Authors: George Susan 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis lecture was given upon the receipt of the Conrad A. Arensberg Award from the Society for the Anthropology of Work in San Francisco, California, in November 2004. In the lecture, Ms. George explains the background and strategies of what journalists often call the anti‐globalization movement and what she prefers–as an activist within that social movement–to call the global justice movement. She asks what the role of the scholar‐activist is in the global justice, or citizens', movement; Ms. George does not believe that intellectual neutrality is possible. In the lecture, she lays out the goals of the neoliberal proponents of global capitalist policies and discusses the effects of those policies on the lives of global citizens and on the global environment. She discusses the role of financiers and world lending agencies in implementing a neoliberal agenda, and the very specific ways that activists in the global justice movement are countering that neoliberal agenda–giving examples from France, where she is the Vice President of an organization called ATTAC. Included in this published transcript are the questions and answers following Ms. George's Arensberg Award lecture.
Like Exporting Baseball: Individualism and Global Competition in the High‐Tech Industry
Authors: Chet Carrie Lane 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDrawing on ethnographic fieldwork among high‐technology jobseekers in Dallas, Texas, during the period 2001‐04, this article examines the response of unemployed U.S. tech workers to the intensification of the offshore outsourcing of white‐collar work from the United States to lower‐cost locations overseas. The researcher found that while a vocal minority of tech workers denounces offshore outsourcing, or offshoring, as unethical, unpatriotic, and economically shortsighted, most high‐tech jobseekers see offshoring as a natural offshoot of an unstoppable and ultimately beneficial system of global capitalist competition. These “globalist” workers, who espouse a model of work that privileges individual responsibility and flexibility over loyalty and security, argue that nations and individuals must take the initiative in making themselves competitive with other countries' increasingly skilled, educated, and low‐cost workforces if they are to survive in this newly global economy. This perspective is buttressed by globalists' individualist ethos and their remarkably resilient faith in the logic of the market economy.
Long‐Term Evaluation of Hollow Screw and Hollow Cylinder Dental Implants: Clinical and Radiographic Results After 10 Years
Authors: Telleman Gerdien , Meijer Henny J.A. , Raghoebar Gerry M. 
Published: February 2006

Background: In 1988, an implant manufacturer offered a new dental implant system, with a wide choice of hollow cylinder (HC) and hollow screw (HS) implants. The purpose of this retrospective study of HS and HC implants was to evaluate clinical and radiographic parameters of peri‐implant tissue and to analyze surgical and prosthetic aftercare.Methods: A total of 89 HS and 26 HC implants in 38 edentulous patients were available for complete evaluation. The patients were treated with overdentures stabilized by two or four implants. The follow‐up period was 10 years.Results: The results of the clinical evaluation showed a mean sulcus probing depth of 3.3 ± 1.3 mm (range = 2 to 10 mm). The mean radiographic bone loss was 2.2 ± 2.1 mm (range = 0.1 to 12.2 mm). One implant (HS) was removed during the osseointegration period. Three other implants (two HS and one HC) in three patients had to be removed after 10 years. The survival rate of the HS implant (96.6%) was comparable to the HC implant (96.1%). The success rate of the HS implant (93.3%) was slightly more favorable compared to the HC implant (88.5%). The HS and HC implants met the Albrektsson criteria of success.Conclusions: HS and HC implants provide a stable base for long‐term support of a mandibular overdenture. Furthermore, it is important to monitor peri‐implant bone level by taking annual radiographs and measuring probing depth, especially after prolonged service.
Comparative Study of Two Root Coverage Procedures: A 24‐Month Follow‐Up Multicenter Study
Authors: Moses Ofer , Artzi Zvi , Sculean Anton , Tal Haim , Kozlovsky Avital , Romanos Georgios E. , Nemcovsky Carlos E. 
Published: February 2006

Background: Treatment alternatives to cover exposed root surfaces include free grafts, pedicle flaps, and barrier membranes. This 24‐month follow‐up study clinically evaluated the long‐term effect of a coronally advanced flap procedure with the additional use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) to treat gingival recession versus the subpedicle connective tissue graft (CTG) procedure.Methods: Miller Class I or II buccal recession‐type defects in the anterior teeth or premolars in 65 patients (28 in EMD and 37 in CTG groups) were treated in several centers. At baseline and 12 and 24 months post‐treatment, vertical recession defect (VRD), height of keratinized tissue (HKT), and probing depth (PD) were recorded, and the percentage of root coverage (PRC) of the original defect was calculated. Student t test, analysis of variance, and analysis of covariance were used for statistical analyses.Results: At 12‐ and 24‐month evaluations, PRC was 73.2% (SD = 15.58%) and 76.9% (SD = 16.77%) in the EMD group and 86.8% (SD = 12.48%) and 84.3% (SD = 13.32%) in the CTG group, respectively (P <0.001). Differences between groups were statistically significant (P = 0.002). Baseline HKT was 1.07 mm (SD = 0.66 mm) in the EMD group and 1.65 mm (SD = 0.92 mm) in the CTG group. At 12 and 24 months, values were 1.75 mm (SD = 0.59 mm) and 2.25 mm (SD = 0.52 mm) in the EMD group and 4.24 mm (SD = 0.89 mm) and 4.05 mm (SD = 0.94 mm) in the CTG group, respectively. Differences in HKT were statistically significant within (EMD: P <0.001; CTG: P = 0.017) and between (P <0.001) groups.Conclusions: Both treatments proved clinically successful. CTG treatment showed a higher percentage of root coverage and HKT increase. EMD is a valuable, long‐term effective treatment alternative to achieve root coverage together with an increase in HKT.
Periodontitis Is Associated With Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women
Authors: Contreras A. , Herrera J.A. , Soto J.E. , Arce R.M. , Jaramillo A. , Botero J.E. 
Published: February 2006

Background: Recent investigations have demonstrated a positive association between periodontitis and pregnancy complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of periodontitis and the subgingival microbial composition on preeclampsia.Methods: A case‐control study was carried out in Cali, Colombia that included 130 preeclamptic and 243 non‐preeclamptic women between 26 to 36 weeks of pregnancy. Sociodemographic data, obstetric risk factors, periodontal status, and subgingival microbial composition were determined in both groups. Preeclampsia was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, and ≥2+ proteinuria, confirmed by 0.3 g proteinuria/24 hours of urine specimens. Controls were healthy pregnant women. Odds ratios (ORs) for periodontitis and subgingival microbiota compositions were calculated.Results: A total of 83 out of 130 preeclamptic women (63.8%) and 89 out of 243 controls (36.6%) had chronic periodontitis (OR: 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.91 to 4.87; P <0.001). Clinical attachment loss increased in the case group (4.0 ± 0.10 mm) compared to the control group (3.0 ± 0.08 mm) (P <0.001). The average newborn birth weight from preeclamptic mothers was 2.453 g, whereas in controls was 2.981 g (P <0.001). Two red complex microorganisms, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythensis, and the green complex microorganism Eikenella corrodens were more prevalent in the preeclamptic group than in controls (P <0.01).Conclusions: Chronic periodontal disease and the presence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and E. corrodens were significantly associated with preeclampsia in pregnant women. Further research is needed to establish pathogenic mechanisms of active periodontal disease and subgingival periodontopathogens related to preeclampsia development.
Implant Placement at the Time of Maxillary Molar Extraction: Technique and Report of Preliminary Results of 83 Sites
Authors: Fugazzotto Paul A. 
Published: February 2006

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictability of implant placement at the time of maxillary molar extraction using a modified insertion technique and implant design.Methods: At the time of maxillary molar extraction, 83 tapered‐end implants with an apical diameter of 4.1 mm and a neck diameter of 6.5 mm were placed in maxillary first or second molar sites, following manipulation of the remaining interradicular bone with osteotomes. Regenerative materials, consisting of demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and/or osseous coagulum, and bioabsorbable or non‐resorbable membranes were placed, and passive soft‐tissue primary closure was attained in all cases.Results: Soft‐tissue closure was maintained until the time of clinical reentry 6 months after implant insertion in 81 of 83 sites. Loss of primary soft‐tissue closure in the other two areas did not result in complete uncovering of the cover screw and implant top. All implants were clinically immobile at the time of implant uncovery 6 months after insertion and were restored with single crowns. All implants were functioning successfully for up to 18 months (mean: 12.4 months).Conclusion: The combination of atraumatic removal of hopeless maxillary molars, controlled manipulation of the residual interradicular bone, insertion of implants of the aforementioned design, and use of appropriate regenerative materials at the time of implant insertion predictably afforded a stable implant for restoration with a single crown.
Five‐Year Follow‐Up of Regenerative Periodontal Therapy With Enamel Matrix Derivative at Sites With Angular Bone Defects
Authors: Heden Gunnar , Wennström Jan L. 
Published: February 2006

Background: This prospective case series report aimed at analyzing the long‐term (5 years) stability of clinical attachment level (CAL) gains following regenerative therapy with the use of enamel matrix proteins in intrabony defects.Methods: A total of 114 consecutively treated periodontal patients (mean age: 55.8 years) were initially included. Each subject exhibited at least one deep proximal intrabony defect with the inclusion criteria of 1) probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm, 2) clinical attachment loss ≥6 mm, and 3) radiographic evidence of a ≥3‐mm intrabony component. A total of 146 defects met the criteria for inclusion. At least 6 months after the completion of an initial phase of mechanical infection control, a baseline examination was performed to characterize the experimental site. Reconstructive therapy with the use of enamel matrix proteins was subsequently performed. Experimental sites were reexamined 1 and 5 years after reconstructive surgery. Primary efficacy variables were considered to be changes in PD, CAL, soft tissue recession (REC), and radiographic defect depth (RDD). Stepwise regression analysis was employed for evaluation of predicting factors of CAL change between the 1‐ and 5‐year reexaminations.Results: A total of 82 patients (102 defects) were included in the analysis. One year following the regenerative surgery, a mean CAL gain of 4.3 mm (P <0.001), a mean PD reduction of 4.9 mm (P <0.001), and a mean increase in REC of 0.6 mm (P <0.001) were recorded. At the 5‐year follow‐up, a further mean PD reduction of 0.3 mm (P >0.05), CAL gain of 1.1 mm (P <0.01), and reduction in recession of 0.8 mm (P <0.01) had taken place. Radiographs revealed that the bone defect had been reduced in depth with an average of 2.9 mm at 1 year (P <0.001). No statistically significant alteration in defect depth was observed between 1 and 5 years of follow‐up. The stepwise regression analysis identified the degree of REC and residual PD at 1 year as significant predictors of CAL change between 1 and 5 years.Conclusion: Results demonstrated long‐term (5 years) stability of CAL gains following regenerative therapy with the use of enamel matrix proteins in intrabony defects.