bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROTEOMER: A workflow‐optimized laboratory information management system for 2‐D electrophoresis‐centered proteomics
Authors: Nebrich Grit , Herrmann Marion , Hartl Daniela , Diedrich Madeleine , Kreitler Thomas , Wierling Christoph , Klose Joachim , Giavalisco Patrick , Zabel Claus , Mao Lei 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn recent years proteomics became increasingly important to functional genomics. Although a large amount of data is generated by high throughput large‐scale techniques, a connection of these mostly heterogeneous data from different analytical platforms and of different experiments is limited. Data mining procedures and algorithms are often insufficient to extract meaningful results from large datasets and therefore limit the exploitation of the generated biological information. In our proteomic core facility, which almost exclusively focuses on 2‐DE/MS‐based proteomics, we developed a proteomic database custom tailored to our needs aiming at connecting MS protein identification information to 2‐DE derived protein expression profiles. The tools developed should not only enable an automatic evaluation of single experiments, but also link multiple 2‐DE experiments with MS‐data on different levels and thereby helping to create a comprehensive network of our proteomics data. Therefore the key feature of our “PROTEOMER” database is its high cross‐referencing capacity, enabling integration of a wide range of experimental data. To illustrate the workflow and utility of the system, two practical examples are provided to demonstrate that proper data cross‐referencing can transform information into biological knowledge.
Particle Sizing with PCS Mixed of Self‐beating Mode and Heterodyne Mode
Authors: Benzhuo Lou 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) spectrum obtained from an actual dynamic light scattering experiment for particle sizing is usually a mixture of self‐beating mode and heterodyne mode. Simulation indicates that a large error can occur when the size of the scattering particles is inverted from such a mixed PCS if pure self‐beating mode or pure heterodyne mode arithmetic is adopted. A method of inverting the particle diameter from such a mixed PCS signal is introduced. The validity of this method is demonstrated by simulation and PCS experiments with standard particles.
The settlement intention of China's floating population in the cities: recent changes and multifaceted individual‐level determinants
Authors: Zhu Yu , Chen Wenzhe 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper uses data from two surveys conducted in Fujian Province in 2006 and 2002 to examine the recent situation and changes in the settlement intention of China's floating population and its determinants, and the diversification process of the floating population's migration flow. The results suggest that while the intention of the floating population to settle in the cities has increased, the places of origin remain important final destinations of the floating population, and a significant proportion of the floating population are still in the process of continuing their circulating process and looking for their final destination cities. The paper also suggests that there is a gap between the floating population's intention to settle in the cities and their real action to do so, and that they are cautious in turning such intention into immediate action. The paper identifies a set of complex determinants for the settlement intention of the floating population in the cities, and indicates that female, young, unmarried, better educated, non‐production workers, and Fujian‐origin members of the floating population, are more likely to choose to settle down in the cities. Having non‐agriculturalHukoustatus, higher household income, longer working contracts, better housing conditions, and a higher administrative status and bigger population size of the destination cities, are factors that promote the settlement intention of the floating population in the cities. The paper concludes that the final destination of the floating population's migration has been increasingly diversified, and it is of great importance to monitor and understand this diversification process. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A weak‐constraint four‐dimensional variational analysis system in the stratosphere
Authors: Lindskog Magnus , Dee Dick , Trémolet Yannick , Andersson Erik , Radnóti Gabor , Fisher Mike 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA weak‐constraint four‐dimensional variational (4D‐Var) analysis system designed to correct stratospheric model errors has been evaluated. Verifications against upper‐level radiosonde temperature observations and Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU) radiance data show that the addition of a weak constraint in the stratosphere can greatly reduce analysis bias. Both single‐observation analysis experiments and extended assimilations have been performed to help us understand the impact of the model error covariance specifications required for the weak‐constraint formulation. It is found that the use of multivariate balance constraints similar to those implemented in background‐error covariances can be problematic. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
A new approach to setting control limits of cumulative count of conforming charts for high‐yield processes
Authors: Chen Jung‐Tai 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCumulative count of conforming (CCC‐r) charts are usually used to monitor non‐conforming fraction p in high‐yield processes. Existing approaches to setting the control limits may cause non‐maximal or biased in‐control average run length (ARL). Non‐maximal in‐control ARL implies that the chart might not quickly detect the upward shift of p from its nominal value p0. On the other hand, biased in‐control ARL means that both the in‐control and out‐of‐control ARLs are inflated. This paper develops a new approach to setting control limits for CCC‐r charts with near‐maximal and near‐unbiased in‐control ARL. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is effective in terms of the maximization and unbiasedness of in‐control ARL. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of regression model‐based automatic process control with reduced adjustment frequency
Authors: Ye Liang , Pan Ershun , Shi Jianjun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAutomatic process control based on a regression model has been adopted as one of the important techniques to improve product quality in manufacturing processes. Though more frequent adjustments generally produce a superior control performance, it may also increase control cost and impair control applicability. In this paper, the concepts of quality margin and self‐compensation of noise change are introduced. Based on these concepts, a control strategy is proposed which is capable of ensuring an acceptable process performance with a reduced adjustment frequency. A case study of leaf spring forming process is conducted to compare the control performance and control adjustment frequency between the proposed approach and the existing methods. Some properties of the proposed control law are also studied. The proposed method is implemented in a hot steel rolling process to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct injection liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric horse urine analysis for the quantification and confirmation of threshold substances for doping control. II. Determination of theobromine
Authors: Vonaparti A. , Lyris E. , Panderi I. , Koupparis M. , Georgakopoulos C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn equine sport, theobromine is prohibited with a threshold level of 2 µg mL−1 in urine, hence doping control laboratories have to establish quantitative and qualitative methods for its determination. Two simple liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) methods for the identification and quantification of theobromine were developed and validated using the same sample preparation procedure but different mass spectrometric systems: ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS) and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). Particle‐free diluted urine samples were directly injected into the LC/MS systems, avoiding the time‐consuming extraction step. 3‐Propylxanthine was used as the internal standard. The tested linear range was 0.75–15 µg mL−1. Matrix effects were evaluated analyzing calibration curves in water and different fortified horse urine samples. A great variation in the signal of theobromine and the internal standard was observed in different matrices. To overcome matrix effects, a standard additions calibration method was applied. The relative standard deviations of intra‐ and inter‐day analysis were lower than 8.6 and 7.2%, respectively, for the LC/ITMS method and lower than 5.7 and 5.8%, respectively, for the LC/TOFMS method. The bias was less than 8.7% for both methods. The methods were applied to two case samples, demonstrating simplicity, accuracy and selectivity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultra‐thin SiO2 on Si IX: absolute measurements of the amount of silicon oxide as a thickness of SiO2 on Si
Authors: Seah M. P. , Unger W. E. S. , Wang Hai , Jordaan W. , Gross Th. , Dura J. A. , Moon Dae Won , Totarong P. , Krumrey M. , Hauert R. , Zhiqiang Mo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractResults from a study conducted between National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) for the measurements of the absolute thicknesses of ultra‐thin layers of SiO2 on Si are reported. These results are from a key comparison and associated pilot study under the auspices of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance. ‘Amount of substance’ may be expressed in many ways, and here the measurand is the thickness of the silicon oxide layers with nominal thicknesses in the range 1.5–8 nm on Si substrates, expressed as the thickness of SiO2. Separate samples were provided to each institute in containers that limited the carbonaceous contamination to approximately < 0.3 nm. The SiO2 samples were of ultra‐thin on (100) and (111) orientated wafers of Si. The measurements from the laboratories which participated in the study were conducted using ellipsometry, neutron reflectivity, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy or X‐ray reflectivity, guided by the protocol developed in an earlier pilot study. A very minor correction was made in the different samples that each laboratory received. Where appropriate, method offset values attributed to the effects of contaminations, from the earlier pilot study, were subtracted. Values for the key comparison reference values (agreed best values from a Consultative Committee study) and their associated uncertainties for these samples are then made from the weighted means and the expanded weighted standard deviations of the means of these data. These results show a dramatic improvement on previous comparisons, leading to 95% uncertainties in the range 0.09–0.27 nm, equivalent to 0.4–1.0 monolayers over the 1.5–8.0 nm nominal thickness range studied. If the sample‐to‐sample uncertainty is reduced from its maximum estimate to the most likely value, these uncertainties reduce to 0.05–0.25 nm or ∼1.4% relative standard uncertainties. The best results achieve ∼1% relative standard uncertainty. It is concluded that XPS has now been made fully traceable to the SI, for ultra‐thin thermal SiO2 on Si layers, by calibration using wavelength methods in an approach that may be extended to other material systems. © Crown copyright 2009. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interface characterization of nickel contacts to bulk bismuth tellurium selenide
Authors: Iyore O. D. , Lee T. H. , Gupta R. P. , White J. B. , Alshareef H. N. , Kim M. J. , Gnade B.E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization of nickel contacts to bulk bismuth tellurium selenide [Bi2(Te,Se)3] is reported. Samples were prepared in a dual column focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM) system using a lift‐out technique, with ion beam energy and exposure times carefully optimized to minimize sample damage. Diffusion of Ni into Bi2(Te,Se)3 was observed and the formation of a nickel telluride (NiTe) interfacial region confirmed after heat treatment at 200 °C. Selected area diffraction patterns provided evidence of a modified bismuth telluride–like structure at the interface, identified by analytical electron microscopy to be composed of Ni and Bi2(Te,Se)3. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stage line diagram: An age‐conditional reference diagram for tracking development
Authors: van Buuren Stef , Ooms Jeroen C. L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a method for calculating stage line diagrams, a novel type of reference diagram useful for tracking developmental processes over time. Potential fields of applications include: dentistry (tooth eruption), oncology (tumor grading, cancer staging), virology (HIV infection and disease staging), psychology (stages of cognitive development), human development (pubertal stages) and chronic diseases (stages of dementia). Transition probabilities between successive stages are modeled as smoothly varying functions of age. Age‐conditional references are calculated from the modeled probabilities by the mid‐P value. It is possible to eliminate the influence of age by calculating standard deviation scores (SDS). The method is applied to the empirical data to produce reference charts on secondary sexual maturation. The mean of the empirical SDS in the reference population is close to zero, whereas the variance depends on age. The stage line diagram provides quick insight into both status (in SDS) and tempo (in SDS/year) of development of an individual child. Other measures (e.g. height SDS, body mass index SDS) from the same child can be added to the chart. Diagrams for sexual maturation are available as a web application at http://vps.stefvanbuuren.nl/puberty. The stage line diagram expresses status and tempo of discrete changes on a continuous scale. Wider application of these measures scores opens up new analytic possibilities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das Zügelgurt‐Fachwerk über die Mulde in Wurzen – eine Revision nach Entwurf und Ausführung
Authors: Reintjes Karl‐Heinz 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBei der Querung der Bundesstraße B6 über die Mulde bei Wurzen wurde als Tragwerkssystem eine Verbundbrücke mit Zügelgurt‐Fachwerk gewählt. Dieser bekannte Fachwerktyp wurde bei der Muldebrücke Wurzen in wesentlichen Richtungen weiterentwickelt. Zum einen wurde das Fachwerk mit einer Tragebene als Mittelträger ausgebildet, zum anderen wurde der Mittelträger mit der Krümmung der Trassierung ausgebildet. Diese Lösung wird in folgendem Bericht dargestellt. Die bei Entwurf und Ausführung gemachten Erfahrungen werden zusammengestellt und es werden alternativ mögliche Lösungswege, Konstruktionstypen und Verfahrensweisen diskutiert.
A judicial presentation of evidence of a student culture of “dealing”
Authors: Wood Nathan B. , Lawrenz Frances , Haroldson Rachelle 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study uses a new‐to‐educational‐research methodology, based on the legal process, to build a case that U.S. students have been largely ignored in discussion and planning for their own, presumed futures. A variety of evidence, from two large and distinct data bases, is drawn together to show: (1) students perceive their classrooms in ways distinctly different from the ways in which teachers perceive the same classrooms, (2) students' values are fundamentally different from teachers', (3) student and teacher cultures work together to perpetuate the status quo, and (4) existing educational policy, and the research on which it is based, does not adequately consider student culture. A global student culture of “dealing” is described and it is argued that this culture is an underlying cause of the deterioration in the achievement of U.S. students and the failures of so many reform efforts to bring about substantial and lasting change. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 421–441, 2009
Science teachers' perceptions of the school environment: Gender differences
Authors: Huang Shwu‐yong L. , Fraser Barry J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBecause the school environment has been shown to play an important role in teacher and student performance, we undertook research into the assessment of school environment, differences between female and male science teachers' perceptions of their school environments, and associations between these school environment perceptions and teachers' background characteristics. Although gender differences in science education have attracted both public concern and academic interest, little research has specifically addressed this issue in terms of the school environment. Data were collected from a large sample of 300 female and 518 male science teachers from secondary schools in Taiwan. Statistically significant gender differences were found in most aspects of the school environment, with female science teachers perceiving greater collegiality among teachers, higher gender equity among students, and stronger professional interest, and with male science teachers perceiving lower work pressure and better teacher–student relations. Gender differences in science teachers' perceptions of collegiality, work pressure, and gender equity in the school environment persisted even after controlling for teachers' background and school characteristics. Among the implications are recommendations about administrative policy for improving the school environment for both male and female teachers and about future research on factors associated with teachers' perceptions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 404–420, 2009
An integrated GIS‐based approach in assessing carcinogenic risks via food‐chain exposure in arsenic‐affected groundwater areas
Authors: Liang Ching‐Ping , Jang Cheng‐Shin , Liu Chen‐Wuing , Lin Kao‐Hung , Lin Ming‐Chao 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study presented an integrated GIS‐based approach for assessing potential carcinogenic risks via food‐chain exposure of ingesting inorganic arsenic (As) in aquacultural tilapia, milkfish, mullet, and clam in the As‐affected groundwater areas. To integrate spatial information, geographic information system (GIS) was adopted to combine polygon‐shaped features of aquacultural species with cell‐shaped features of As contamination in groundwater. Owing to sparse measured data, Monte Carlo simulation and sequential indicator simulation were used to characterize the uncertainty of assessed parameters. Target cancer risks (TRs) of ingesting As contents at fish ponds were spatially mapped to assess potential risks to human health. The analyzed results reveal that clam farmed at the western coastal ponds and milkfish farmed at the southwestern coastal ponds have high risks to human health, whereas tilapia cultivated mainly at the inland ponds only has high risks at the 95th percentile of TR. Mullet in general has low risks to human health. Moreover, to decrease risks, this study suggests reducing the use of As‐affected groundwater at clam and milkfish ponds due to high bioconcentration factor (BCF) of clam and inorganic As accumulation ratio of milkfish. The integrated GIS‐based approach can provide fishery administrators with an effective management strategy at specific fish ponds with high risks to human health. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
Electrospun ZnO Nanowires as Gas Sensors for Ethanol Detection
Authors: Wu Wan-Yu , Ting Jyh-Ming , Huang Po-Jung 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
ZnO nanowires were produced using an electrospinning method and used in gas sensors for the detection of ethanol at 220 °C. This electrospinning technique allows the direct placement of ZnO nanowires during their synthesis to bridge the sensor electrodes. An excellent sensitivity of nearly 90% was obtained at a low ethanol concentration of 10 ppm, and the rest obtained at higher ethanol concentrations, up to 600 ppm, all equal to or greater than 90%.
A Temperature Window for the Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition of CH4over Mo2-Fe10/MgO Catalyst
Authors: Yu Ouyang , Daoyong Li , Weiran Cao , Shaohua Shi , Li Chen 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
A temperature window for the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes by catalytic chemical vapor deposition of CH4over Mo2-Fe10/MgO catalyst has been studied by Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that when the temperature is lower than 750 °C, there were few SWCNTs formed, and when the temperature is higher than 950 °C, mass amorphous carbons were formed in the SWCNTs bundles due to the self-decomposition of CH4. The temperature window of SWCNTs efficient growth is between 800 and 950 °C, and the optimum growth temperature is about 900 °C. These results were supported by transmission electron microscope images of samples formed under different temperatures. The temperature window is important for large-scale production of SWCNTs by catalytic chemical vapor deposition method.
Indications and extent of elective neck dissection in patients with early stage oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma: nationwide survey in The Netherlands
Authors: de Bree R , van der Waal I , Doornaert P , Werner J A , Castelijns J A , Leemans C R 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground:Different strategies are available for the management of patients with early (i.e. tumour stage one or two) oral or oropharyngeal carcinoma and a clinically negative neck.Material and methods:In 2006, a questionnaire was sent to the eight head and neck cancer centres of the Dutch Head and Neck Oncology Cooperative Group. This questionnaire covered: the factors influencing the decision to perform an elective neck dissection; the neck staging procedure; and the types of neck dissection undertaken.Results:All eight questionnaires were returned completed. Respondents indicated that the site (n = 6), size (n = 7) and thickness (n = 6) of the primary tumour were important in decisions regarding elective neck dissection. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology was the most frequently used diagnostic technique (n = 7). Depending on the site and stage of the primary tumour presented, in the different cases 3–7 of the centres would perform an elective neck dissection. Selective neck dissections (i.e. levels I to III/IV) were more frequently performed than modified radical neck dissections.Conclusion:There was no uniformity regarding management of the clinically negative neck in patients with early stage oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma, within The Netherlands.
Biomonitoring with lichens on twigs
Authors: LARSEN VILSHOLM René , WOLSELEY Pat A. , SØCHTING Ulrik , CHIMONIDES P. Jim 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo surveys of the lichen and bryophyte flora growing on oak twigs from a Welsh and a Danish locality were compared with additional data on bark pH and % nitrogen in thalli ofHypogymnia physodes. Despite differences in climate and lichen flora, both sites showed a shift in the lichen communities from nitrogen sensitive (nitrophobe) to nitrogen tolerant (nitrophile) species, which was correlated with both increasing bark pH and an increase in total nitrogen in thalli ofH. physodes. The floristic survey from Wales was a repetition of a study eight years earlier (Wolseley & Pryor 1999) now showing a loss of nitrophobes in all sites and the appearance of nitrophiles in pasture sites in 2003. This study demonstrates that lichens on twigs can be used as an early warning system to detect a response to changes in land management and nitrogen deposition.