bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depth and morphology of reflectors from the non‐linear inversion of arrival times and waveform semblance data. Part II: modelling and interpretation of real data acquired in Southern Apennines, Italy
Authors: Corciulo M. , Zollo A. , Vassallo M. , Dell'Aversana P. , Morandi S. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTIn order to retrieve a 2D background velocity model and to retrieve the geometry and depth of shallow crustal reflectors in the Southern Apennines thrust belt a separate inversion of first arrival traveltimes and reflected waveforms was performed. Data were collected during an active seismic experiment in 1999 by Enterprise Oil Italiana and Eni‐Agip using a global offset acquisition geometry. A total of 284 on‐land shots were recorded by 201 receivers deployed on an 18 km line oriented SW–NE in the Val D'Agri region (Southern Apennines, Italy).The two‐step procedure allows for the retrieval of a reliable velocity model by using a non‐linear tomographic inversion and reflected waveform semblance data inversion. The tomographic model shows that the P wave velocity field varies vertically from approximately 3 km/s to 6 km/s within 4 km from the Earth's surface. Moreover, at a distance of approximately 11 km along the profile, there is an abrupt increase in the velocity field. In this zone indeed, an ascent from 2 km depth to 0 km above sea level of the 5.2 km/s iso‐velocity contour can be noted. The retrieved velocity can be associated with Plio‐Pleistocene clastic deposits outcropping in the basin zone and with Mesozoic limestone deposits. The inversion of waveform semblance data shows that a P‐to‐P reflector is retrieved at a depth of approximately 2 km. This interface is deeper in the north‐eastern part of the profile, where it reaches 3 km depth and can be associated with a limestone horizon.
Iterative tomographic analysis based on automatic refined picking
Authors: Satriano Claudio , Zollo Aldo , Rowe Charlotte 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThe ever‐growing size of data sets for active and passive seismic imaging makes the availability of automatic procedures for rapid analysis more and more valuable. Such procedures are especially important for time‐critical applications like emergency decisions or re‐orienting of ongoing seismic surveys. In this paper a new, iterative scheme for 3D traveltime tomography is presented. The technique, based on a tool originally developed for earthquake data, uses cross‐correlation to examine waveform similarity and to adjust arrival times on seismic sections. A preliminary set of reference arrival times is first corrected by the cross‐correlation lag and then used to build an initial 3D tomographic velocity model through a standard inversion code; traveltimes calculated from this model are then taken as new reference arrivals and the process of pick adjustment is repeated. The result is a tomographic image, upgraded and refined at each iteration of the procedure. The test performed on the waveform data set recorded during the 2001 SERAPIS active seismic survey in the gulfs of Naples and Pozzuoli (Southern Italy) shows that the 3D iterative tomography scheme produces a velocity image of the structure of the Campi Flegrei caldera which is consistent with the results from previous studies, employing just a fraction of the time needed by a human analyst to identify first breaks. We believe that this technique can be effectively employed for rapid analysis of large data‐sets within time‐critical or time‐dependent tasks and for automatic 4D tomographic investigations.
Calcium hydroxide induced apexification with apical root development: a clinical case report
Authors: Soares J. , Santos S. , César C. , Silva P. , Sá M. , Silveira F. , Nunes E. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAim  To report the induction of apical root development by calcium hydroxide in teeth with pulp necrosis and periapical radiolucency.Summary  A 10‐year‐old male patient was admitted to the clinic complaining of an intense pain and oedema on the anterior facial region, compatible with an acute dentoalveolar abscess. There was a previous history of dental trauma; only tooth 11 was negative to pulp sensitivity tests. Radiographically, tooth 11 exhibited incomplete root formation, characterized by a wide root canal, thin and fragile dentinal walls, and an extensive, divergent foraminal opening associated with an apical radiolucency. The first appointment focused on urgent local and systemic treatment. Apexification treatment commenced at the second session after 7 days, by means of chemo‐mechanical debridement throughout the entire root canal, using K‐files and irrigation with a 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. Subsequently, a calcium hydroxide paste was applied and changed four times over 8 months, when radiographic examination revealed complete closure of the foraminal opening, resulting in resolution of the periapical radiolucency and associated with 5 mm of additional root development. The root canal was filled by thermomechanical compaction of gutta‐percha and sealer. A 3‐year follow‐up revealed normal periapical tissues and the absence of symptoms.Key learning points • In young patients, dental trauma may cause pulp necrosis and arrest of root formation.• Under certain circumstances, chemo‐mechanical debridement, including the use of a calcium hydroxide paste, is a valid alternative to mineral trioxide aggregate and or surgery for root‐end closure.• In teeth with incompletely formed roots associated with periapical lesions, calcium hydroxide can induce periapical repair through the closure of the foramen and apical root development.
Fracture resistance of structurally compromised root filled bovine teeth restored with accessory glass fibre posts
Authors: Martelli Jr H. , Pellizzer E. P. , Rosa B. T. , Lopes M. B. , Gonini Jr A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAim  To evaluate the mechanical behaviour of structurally compromised root filled bovine roots after restoration with accessory glass fibre posts.Methodology  Fifty roots of bovine teeth received conventional post preparations with a cervical diameter of 3.5 mm. The roots were assigned to five groups (n = 10): group MP – cast metal post, group GP – glass fibre post and group AGP – glass fibre post plus accessory glass fibre posts. In groups GP‐R and AGP‐R (similar to groups GP and AGP), 2 mm of coronal tooth structure were left intact. All groups were subjected to an elastic limit assay and tested in an universal machine for fracture resistance. Repeated measures anova were performed to examine differences in fracture resistance; fracture modes were analysed by Fischer’s exact test.Results  The mean fracture resistance values (kgf) were 61.8 (MP), 63.1 (GP), 55.5 (AGP), 56 (GP‐R) and (53.1) AGP‐R. No statistically significant difference was found between groups. The Fisher’s exact test indicated significant differences (P < 0.05) in the fracture mode amongst groups MP, GP and AGP, indicating 100%, 50% and 10% of catastrophic fractures, respectivelly.Conclusions  The use of accessory glass fibre posts affected the fracture mode favorably: 90% of fractures in group AGP were in the coronal third.
To tell or not to tell: attitudes of Chinese oncology nurses towards truth telling of cancer diagnosis
Authors: Li Jun‐Ying , Liu Chang , Zou Li‐Qun , Huang Mei‐Juan , Yu Chun‐Hua , You Gui‐Ying , Jiang Yong‐Dong , Li Hong , Jiang Yu 
Published: June 2008

Aims and objectives.  To investigate the attitude of oncology nurses towards whether and how to disclose diagnoses to patients with early‐stage cancer or terminal illness.Background.  The attitudes of patients and doctors towards the disclosure of cancer diagnosis differed from culture to culture. However, little research has focused on the attitudes of Chinese oncology nurses.Design.  Survey.Methods.  A questionnaire investigating nurses’ attitudes towards truth telling was delivered to 243 Chinese oncology nurses.Results.  One hundred and ninety‐nine (81⋅9%) nurses completed the questionnaire. 81⋅4% of the nurses reported that patients with early‐stage cancer should be informed of the diagnosis, while only 44⋅2% believed that patients with terminal illnesses should know the truth (p < 0⋅001). Nurses who preferred truth telling reported that patients with early or terminal stages of cancer should be informed by the doctor in charge (76⋅5% vs. 73⋅9%, respectively; p > 0⋅05), immediately after the diagnosis (75⋅9% vs. 79⋅5%, respectively) and in a quiet and undisturbed room (80⋅9% vs. 70⋅5%, respectively; p > 0⋅05). Nurses’ attitudes towards truth telling of terminal cancer were influenced by their educational level and work experience.Conclusion.  Oncology nurses differed in their attitudes towards truth telling of different stages of cancer. Nurses who preferred disclosure reported that cancer patients should be informed by the doctor in charge immediately after the diagnosis and in a quiet and undisturbed room.Relevance to clinical practice.  Many Chinese doctors, patients and their relatives believed that patients with terminal illness should not know their diagnosis. Thus, oncology nurses need additional training to deal with these situations.
Comparative experimental infection of the copepod Paracartia grani with Marteilia refringens and Marteilia maurini
Authors: Carrasco N , Arzul I , Chollet B , Robert M , Joly J P , Furones M D , Berthe F C J 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Paracartia grani (Copepoda) has been identified as a potential intermediate host in the life cycle of Marteilia refringens, a paramyxean parasite infecting flat oysters. However, no intermediate host has yet been identified for Marteilia maurini that infects mussels. A better understanding of the life cycle of these two Marteilia types would clarify their taxonomic relationship and hypothesized co‐specificity. For this purpose, experimental infections of copepods, P. grani, were performed using naturally infected flat oysters and mussels. Infection patterns were different depending whether copepods were infected from oysters or mussels. M. maurini did not proliferate in copepods while M. refringens rapidly proliferated in infected copepods. Previously unrecognized developmental stages of M. refringens were found during this study.
Identification of immune‐related genes from kidney and spleen of turbot, Psetta maxima (L.), by suppression subtractive hybridization following challenge with Vibrio harveyi
Authors: Wang C , Zhang X‐H , Jia A , Chen J , Austin B 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSuppression subtractive hybridization was used to investigate the response of turbot, Psetta maxima (L.), to Vibrio harveyi, by using a cDNA library constructed from artificially infected turbot kidney and spleen mRNA. Forty‐nine expressed sequence tags were obtained. Several immune system genes were identified, including a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia gene and a heat shock protein 70 gene. Some signalling molecules were also present in the cDNA libraries, including src‐family tyrosine kinase SCK, sgk‐1 serine‐threonine protein kinase and amyloid precursor‐like protein 2. The full length of MHC class Ia cDNA was cloned from turbot cDNA by rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction. The nucleotide sequence of turbot MHC class Ia has been submitted to GenBank with accession number EF032639. The turbot MHC class Ia cDNA has an open reading frame encoding 354 amino acids, and the deduced amino acid sequence of turbot MHC class Ia has 68%, 54%, 51%, 52%, 57%, 33%, 29% and 29% identities to those of olive flounder, medaka, rainbow trout, Atlantic cod, tiger puffer, chicken, mouse and human, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcriptase‐PCR was performed for the MHC class Ia gene, and it was revealed that the expression level of the MHC class Ia gene in V. harveyi‐challenged turbot increased to fourfold that of the controls.
Association of cardiac autonomic function measures with severity of sleep‐disordered breathing in a community‐based sample
Authors: WANG WENLI , TRETRILUXANA SURADEJ , REDLINE SUSAN , SUROVEC SUSAN , GOTTLIEB DANIEL J. , KHOO MICHAEL C. K. 
Published: June 2008

SummaryThe goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that spectral indices of heart rate variability, such as high‐frequency power (HFP), low‐to‐high frequency power (LHR), and their respiration‐adjusted counterparts (HFPra, LHRra) are correlated with severity of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB), as quantified by the respiratory disturbance index (RDI). A total of 436 subjects, non‐smoking, normotensive, and free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes were selected from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS). Of these, 288 records with sufficiently high quality electrocardiogram signals were selected for further analysis [males/females: 221/67; age: 46.1 to 74.9 years; body mass index (BMI): 21.5 to 46.4 kg m−2; 0.3 < RDI < 85.0−1]. From each polysomnogram, the respiration channels (thoracic and abdominal) and R‐R interval (RRI) derived from the electrocardiogram were subjected to spectral analysis and autoregressive moving average modeling in consecutive 5‐min segments. After adjusting for age and BMI, mean RRI was found to be negatively correlated with RDI in men in all sleep‐wake states (all P < 0.001). HFP and HFPra were negatively correlated with RDI in men only during wakefulness (all P < 0.01). In women, LHR and LHRra were not correlated with RDI during wakefulness, but were positively correlated during non‐rapid eye movement Stage 1 and 2 sleep (all P < 0.01). These findings suggest that the indices of cardiac autonomic control are correlated with SDB severity, but gender and state affect the nature of these correlations. In both genders, however, vagal modulation of heart rate increases while sympathetic modulation decreases from wakefulness to sleep.
Independence and interdependence of Dif and Frz chemosensory pathways in Myxococcus xanthus chemotaxis
Authors: Xu Qian , Black Wesley P. , Cadieux C. Linn , Yang Zhaomin 
Published: June 2008

SummaryDif and Frz, two Myxococcus xanthus chemosensory pathways, are required in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) chemotaxis for excitation and adaptation respectively. DifA and FrzCD, the homologues of methyl‐accepting chemoreceptors in the two pathways, were examined for methylation in the context of chemotaxis and inter‐pathway interactions. Evidence indicates that DifA may not undergo methylation, but signals transmitting through DifA do modulate FrzCD methylation. Results also revealed that M. xanthus possesses Dif‐dependent and Dif‐independent PE‐sensing mechanisms. Previous studies showed that FrzCD methylation is decreased by negative chemostimuli but increased by attractants such as PE. Results here demonstrate that the Dif‐dependent sensory mechanism suppresses the increase in FrzCD methylation in attractant response and elevates FrzCD methylation upon negative stimulation. In other words, FrzCD methylation is governed by opposing forces from Dif‐dependent and Dif‐independent sensing mechanisms. We propose that the Dif‐independent but Frz‐dependent PE sensing leads to increases in FrzCD methylation and subsequent adaptation, while the Dif‐dependent PE signalling suppresses or diminishes the increase in FrzCD methylation to decelerate or delay adaptation. We contend that these antagonistic interactions are crucial for effective chemotaxis in this gliding bacterium to ensure that adaptation does not occur too quickly relative to the slow speed of M. xanthus movement.
Blood stage malaria antigens induce different activation‐induced cell death programs in splenic CD4+ T cells
Authors: MUKHERJEE P. , DEVI Y. S. , CHAUHAN V. S. 
Published: June 2008

SUMMARY CD4+ T cells respond to antigen immunization through a process of activation, clonal expansion to generate activated effector T cells followed by activation‐induced clonal deletion of the responding T cells. While loss of responding T cells in post‐activation death by apoptosis is a major factor regulating immune homeostasis, the precise pathways involved in downsizing of Plasmodium falciparum antigen‐induced T cell expansions are not well characterized. We report in this study that splenic CD4+ T cells from mice immunized with nonreplicating immunogens like OVA or recombinant blood stage P. falciparum antigens, PfMSP‐3 and PfMSP‐119 or crude parasite antigen (PfAg) undergo sequential T cell activation, proliferation followed by activation‐induced cell death (AICD) in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner after Ag restimulation. While PfMSP‐3 and OVA‐induced AICD was mediated through a death receptor‐dependent apoptotic program, PfMSP‐119 and PfAg‐induced AICD was via a mechanism dependent on the activation of mitochondria apoptosis signalling pathway through Bax activation. These results provide insights into the mechanism through which two blood stage merozoite antigens trigger different apoptotic programs of AICD in splenic CD4+ T cells.
Adverse effects of ketoconazole in dogs – a retrospective study
Authors: Mayer Ursula K. , Glos Katharina , Schmid Matthias , Power Helen T. , Bettenay Sonya V. , Mueller Ralf S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAlthough ketoconazole has been used extensively in dogs for the treatment of various fungal infections, information about adverse effects is mainly anecdotal. Common adverse effects in humans include dose‐dependant anorexia, nausea and vomiting, allergic rashes and pruritus. Drug‐induced hepatitis is very rare, but potentially fatal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the type and frequency of adverse effects associated with ketoconazole therapy in dogs treated for skin diseases and any possible influence of dosage, duration of therapy, signalment or concurrent medication. The medical records of 632 dogs treated with ketoconazole (2.6–33.4 mg/kg) were reviewed. Adverse effects occurred in 14.6% (92 dogs) and included vomiting (7.1%), anorexia (4.9%), lethargy (1.9%), diarrhea (1.1%), pruritus (0.6%), erythema (0.3%) and other adverse effects (2.5%). Of the dogs with other adverse effects, four of 16 (25%) were ataxic and three of these received concurrent ivermectin. Adverse effects were significantly more often recorded in dogs concurrently treated with ciclosporin (P = 0.034) or ivermectin (P = 0.007). Increased liver enzyme levels were reported rarely, and icterus was not seen in any of the dogs. However, monitoring liver enzymes during therapy is recommended, although this might not necessarily prevent severe idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.
Comparative analysis of endodontic pathogens using checkerboard hybridization in relation to culture
Authors: Vianna M. E. , Horz H.‐P. , Conrads G. , Feres M. , Gomes B. P. F. A. 
Published: June 2008

Background/Aim:  The purpose of this study was to detect bacterial species and to quantify the total number of bacteria from samples of infected root canals before (S1) and after chemo‐mechanical preparation using 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel as auxiliary chemical substance (S2) and after 7 days of intracanal dressing (S3) to compare microbial changes.Method:  Twenty‐four teeth were selected for this study. Chemo‐mechanical preparation was performed using 2% CHX gel, then three different intracanal medicaments [M1: Ca(OH)2 paste; M2: 2% CHX gel; and M3: Ca(OH)2 paste plus 2% CHX gel] were used for 7 days. Checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization was performed to detect 40 bacterial species. Aerobic and anaerobic culture techniques were used to determine the bacterial community by counting the colony‐forming units (CFU).Results:  The species most frequently identified by checkerboard in S1 were: Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. polymorphum, Treponema socranskii ssp. socranskii, Parvimonas micra and Enterococcus faecalis. In S2 and S3 a total of eight different species were identified; and only one of them was gram‐positive (E. faecalis). Microorganisms were not identified after use of M2 for 7 days. The quantification obtained on agar plates ranged from 4 × 105 to 2.6 × 106 CFU/ml in S1, mean CFU was reduced by 99.96% in S2, and there was no statistical difference between the CFU in S2 and S3.Conclusion:  The antibacterial effect of the mechanical preparation supplemented by the use of an antibacterial auxiliary substance greatly reduced the microorganisms in the main root canal.
Relationship of Porphyromonas gingivalis with glycemic level in patients with type 2 diabetes following periodontal treatment
Authors: Makiura N. , Ojima M. , Kou Y. , Furuta N. , Okahashi N. , Shizukuishi S. , Amano A. 
Published: June 2008

Introduction:  The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between serum glycemic levels and subgingival microbial profile alteration following periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:  We studied 30 periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who received full‐mouth subgingival debridement by analyzing their subgingival microbial profiles using a polymerase chain reaction method at baseline and various time‐points for 12 months following treatment. Concurrently, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and metabolic parameters, including glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood sugar level, C‐reactive proteins, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high‐density and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, were recorded.Results:  Periodontal conditions were significantly improved after treatment, and the occurrence rates of periodontal bacterial species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia, were also reduced. Interestingly, P. gingivalis was detected more frequently in subjects with increased HbA1c values after periodontal treatment than in those patients with decreased HbA1c values. Furthermore, P. gingivalis with type II fimbriae was detected only in HbA1c‐increased subjects, while improvements in HbA1c values were observed only in subjects without type II clones.Conclusions:  These results suggest that glycemic level in diabetes is affected by the persistence of P. gingivalis, especially clones with type II fimbriae, in periodontal pockets.
Regulation of urease expression of Actinomyces naeslundii in biofilms in response to pH and carbohydrate
Authors: Yaling L. , Dan J. , Tao H. , Xuedong Z. 
Published: June 2008

Introduction:  The hydrolysis of urea by the urease enzymes of oral bacteria is believed to have a major impact on oral microbial ecology and to be intimately involved in oral health and diseases. Actinomyces naeslundii is a ureolytic bacterium that is adapted to tolerate the rapid and dramatic fluctuations in nutrient availability, carbohydrate source, and pH in dental biofilms. Our research objectives were to better understand the regulation of the expression of urease under environmental conditions that closely mimic those in dental biofilms.Methods:  A. naeslundii ATCC12104 were grown in a chemostat biofilm reactor with carbohydrate‐limited medium for 3 days followed by a carbohydrate pulse, at pH 7.0 and at pH 5.5. Urease activities and ureC gene messenger RNA levels of cells in the biofilm were measured before and after the carbohydrate pulse.Results:  We found that the neutral pH environments and excess carbohydrate availability could both result in enhancement of urease activity in biofilm cells. The ureC messenger RNA level of A. naeslundii biofilm cells cultivated at pH 7.0 was approximately 10‐fold higher than that of cells grown at pH 5.5, but no changes in ureC gene expression were detected after the carbohydrate pulse.Conclusions:  Neutral pH environments and excess carbohydrate availability could promote urease expression of A. naeslundii in biofilms, but only neutral pH environments could up‐regulate the ureC gene expression and the pH regulates ureC gene expression at a transcriptional level.