bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der gesetzlich verbesserte Zugang zur geriatrischen Rehabilitation – Voraussetzungen und Schwächen
Authors: Benzinger Petra , Jamour Michael , Grund Stefan , Bauer Jürgen M. 
Published: March 2024

Was ist neu?
Neuerungen durch das Intensivpflege- und Rehabilitationsstärkungsgesetz (IPReG) Seit Inkrafttreten der neuen Rehabilitations-Richtlinie (Reha-RL) können Vertragsärzte bei der Beantragung die Notwendigkeit einer geriatrischen Rehabilitation angeben. Bei nachvollziehbarer Dokumentation auf Muster 61 erfolgt keine Prüfung durch den Medizinischen Dienst.
Indikationsprüfung durch Vertragsärzte Voraussetzungen für die geriatrische Rehabilitation sind, dass der Versicherte 70 Jahre und älter ist und eine geriatrietypische Multimorbidität vorliegt.
Nachweis der Erfordernis einer geriatrischen Rehabilitation Die funktionelle Relevanz der rehabilitationsbegründenden Diagnose sowie der Multimorbidität muss durch vorgegebene Funktionstests in 2 Funktionsbereichen nachgewiesen werden. Darüber hinaus muss das SINGER-Patientenprofil erhoben werden, für welches bislang kein Manual vorliegt.
Erste Hinweise auf die Umsetzung der neuen Gesetzesvorgaben Trotz einer hohen Bewilligungsquote der Rehabilitationsanträge kommt es nur in einem geringen Teil der Fälle zu einer geringen Durchführung der Rehabilitationen.
Ambulante und mobile Angebote als Alternative zur stationären Rehabilitation Diese Rehabilitationsangebote bieten eine zeitlich und örtlich flexible Therapie an, bedürfen jedoch vor allem in ländlichen Regionen eines Ausbaus.
Medial Ligament Release: Is It a Proportional Standard?
Authors: Wever Capi C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAssessing the proportionality of extended facelift surgery across surgeons is not an easy task. Risks and assumed benefits need to be weighted, yet, especially the latter is difficult to objectify. Reverse engineering the pathway of two leading facelift surgeons suggest that excellent training and focused high-volume facelift surgery preceded their leadership. Yet these conditions are not available to all surgeons. Hence defining extended facelift techniques as the professional standard, could promote novice surgeons into a path that may not correspond to safe practice.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Communication Skill Training on Nursing Students' Skills and Self-Efficacy in Caring for Patients with Cancer: Part II
Authors: Prasad Viji , Naik Poonam , Ancheril Alphonsa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Health care professionals working in the field of oncology have reported difficulty communicating with patients and their families throughout diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. As it comes to the care and treatment of the patient as well as their feelings of uncertainty about the future, nurses on the treatment team are crucial in offering patients and their families both practical and emotional support. By offering specialized training in communication skills, health care providers—including undergraduate health care students and interns—can strengthen their relationship with patients.
Objectives The main objectives of the study were to assess the effect of communication skill training on the skills and self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students in providing care to patients with cancer.
Materials and Methods A quasi-experimental research design was adopted to evaluate the effect of skill training on the skills and self-efficacy of students. A total of 32 students from selected nursing colleges were chosen using a purposive sampling technique, and the lottery method was employed to assign students to the intervention and control groups. A baseline pro forma, basic communication skills checklist, and self-efficacy questionnaire (SE-12) were the instruments used for data collection. Using SPSS version 26, descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data.
Results The majority of the students in both the intervention group (81.25%) and the control group (75%) were between the ages of 20 and 21. Scores on communication skills pretest, posttest 1, and posttest 2 within and between groups all showed highly significant differences (p = 0.000). The self-efficacy scores of the intervention group students significantly improved (p = 0.000).
Conclusion The skill training program has enhanced the students' competency to communicate and their sense of self-efficacy in offering care for cancer patients. Health care professionals will help patients and their families take an informed and involved role in their own cancer care if they devote the resources to training, particularly prospective students, in this basic clinical competence.
Neurological Care within the Indian Health Service
Authors: Parko Karen , Stitzer Michael , Trimble Brian , Christensen Loretta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAmerican Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) are the Indigenous peoples of the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, approximately 9.7 million people self-identified as AI/AN (alone or in combination with other races), representing 2.9% of the total U.S. population. These people represent diverse groups of discrete Tribes, each with their language, culture, and geographic home. As part of the conquest and settlement of North America, some Indigenous peoples signed treaties with the U.S. government, surrendering their lands in return for various government commitments, including health care. The Indian Health Service (IHS) was born out of these agreements. The IHS is an agency in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services under the U.S. Public Health Service. The IHS provides a comprehensive health service delivery system for approximately 2.7 million AI/AN who belong to 574 federally recognized Tribes/nations in 37 states. The aim of this paper is to make recommendations regarding the initiation of sustainable neurology care in marginalized or underserved populations by reviewing 40 years of neurology care provision within the IHS. We will discuss (1) the IHS, (2) neurological care provided within the IHS, including midlevel provider extension of neurology care and traditional medical care, and (3) select neurological diagnoses within AI/AN populations. Marginalized populations, including those in the United States that are rural, remote, or low socioeconomic status, lack access to specialty neurology care. This includes many AI/AN. The IHS has developed novel solutions to promote specialty care, including neurology. Notably, initial IHS investments in full-time neurology providers have led to more robust neurology care, often receiving attention from university programs. This suggests that an initial investment in stable on-site full-time neurology services provides a path to potential sustainable care for marginalized populations.
Probiotic Development: Research Gaps and Opportunities
Authors: Anjum Mehreen , Ouwehand Arthur C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Probiotics are live microbes, that when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Various health benefits have been documented for different strains/combinations of probiotics; mostly related to digestive and immune health. Because the gut is also linked to many other organ systems, health benefits outside the gut have been reported. Further, new strains from species not previously used in food and dietary supplements are being investigated as so-called next generation probiotics (NGPs). These NGPs are often intended to become drugs rather than dietary supplements or functional foods. The future may also bring new delivery formats that are not consumed but otherwise applied to the body. To develop these NGPs and better understand the mechanism of action of current probiotics, the so-called omics techniques are helpful. For a layperson, it is difficult to identify a good quality probiotic. However, careful reading of the product label can help to identify the strains and counts at the end of a product’s shelf life.

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Dynamical de Sitter black holes in a quasi-stationary expansion
Authors: Beyen Aaron , Hamamcı Efe , Meerts Kasper , Van den Bleeken Dieter 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We revisit and improve the analytic study (Gregory et al 2018 Class. Quantum. Grav.
35 155008) of spherically symmetric but dynamical black holes in Einstein’s gravity coupled to a real scalar field. We introduce a series expansion in a small parameter ε that implements slow time dependence. At the leading order (LO), the generic solution is a quasi-stationary Schwarzschild–de Sitter (SdS) metric, i.e. one where time-dependence enters only through the mass and cosmological constant parameters of SdS. The two coupled ODEs describing the LO time dependence are solved up to quadrature for an arbitrary scalar potential. Higher order corrections can be consistently computed, as we show by explicitly solving the Einstein equations at the next to LO as well. We comment on how the quasi-stationary expansion we introduce here is equivalent to the non-relativistic

1

/

c

expansion.
A novel gearbox local fault feature extraction method based on quality coefficient and dictionary learning
Authors: Liu Zhongze , Lin Huibin , Ding Li , Li Jipu , Zhang Bin , Jiang Fei , Chen Zhuyun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The performance of sparse decomposition is directly determined by the similarity between impact atoms and the actual fault impact waveform. The shift-invariant K-singular value decomposition (K-SVD) dictionary learning algorithm is capable of training impact patterns from vibration signals collected by sensors to construct impact atoms, thereby extracting fault impact components from the vibration signals. However, the impact pattern training using the shift-invariant K-SVD algorithm is influenced by the presence of harmonics and white noise in the gear transmission system vibration signals. To solve the above problems, a novel gearbox local fault feature extraction method based on the quality coefficient and dictionary learning is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the original signal is decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by empirical mode decomposition. Then, a new quality coefficient is proposed by comprehensively considering the intensity of the impact, harmonics and noise components in each IMF, as well as the degree of correlation with the original signal. The IMF with the largest quality coefficient is used to train the impact pattern and solve the sparse coefficients. Finally, the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm is adopted to solve the sparse coefficients, which are used to reconstruct the fault impact response signal from the dictionary. Simulation and experimental analysis demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
Interpretable machine learning models for failure cause prediction in imbalanced oil pipeline data
Authors: Awuku Bright , Huang Ying , Yodo Nita , Asa Eric 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Pipelines are critical arteries in the oil and gas industry and require massive capital investment to safely construct networks that transport hydrocarbons across diverse environments. However, these pipeline systems are prone to integrity failure, which results in significant economic losses and environmental damage. Accurate prediction of pipeline failure events using historical oil pipeline accident data enables asset managers to plan sufficient maintenance, rehabilitation, and repair activities to prevent catastrophic failures. However, learning the complex interdependencies between pipeline attributes and rare failure events presents several analytical challenges. This study proposes a novel machine learning (ML) framework to accurately predict pipeline failure causes on highly class-imbalanced data compiled by the United States Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. Natural language processing techniques were leveraged to extract informative features from unstructured text data. Furthermore, class imbalance in the dataset was addressed via oversampling and intrinsic cost-sensitive learning (CSL) strategies adapted for the multi-class case. Nine machine and deep learning architectures were benchmarked, with LightGBM demonstrating superior performance. The integration of CSL yielded an 86% F1 score and a 0.82 Cohen kappa score, significantly advancing prior research. This study leveraged a comprehensive Shapley Additive explanation analysis to interpret the predictions from the LightGBM algorithm, revealing the key factors driving failure probabilities. Leveraging sentiment analysis allowed the models to capture a richer, more multifaceted representation of the textual data. This study developed a novel CSL approach that integrates domain knowledge regarding the varying cost impacts of misclassifying different failure types into ML models. This research demonstrated an effective fusion of text insights from inspection reports with structured pipeline data that enhances model interpretability. The resulting AI modeling framework generated data-driven predictions of the causes of failure that could enable transportation agencies with actionable insights. These insights enable tailored preventative maintenance decisions to proactively mitigate emerging pipeline failures.
The high-temperature gas soft measurement method based on the temperature attenuation patterns of flowing argon gas inside a cavity
Authors: Yang G , Wang W H , Chu J R , Zhang F R , Li B R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The device for generating the airflow temperature signal is employed in aircraft ground simulation. This process involves heating the argon gas by the arc discharge to generate high-temperature gas, which subsequently flows into the cavity and mixes with cold gas to produce the temperature signal. However, the temperature of argon gas at the entrance of the cavity is excessively high, and sensor installation is challenging, making direct measurement difficult. This paper introduces a high-temperature gas soft measurement method based on the temperature attenuation patterns of flowing argon gas inside the cavity, and establishes a mathematical model for the flow and temperature distribution of argon gas within the cavity. The method calculates the target temperature at the entrance of the cavity by measuring the lower-temperature argon gas at the outlet of the cavity. Furthermore, a simulation and experimental platform were set up to validate the proposed method. The experimental results indicate that there is a 7.9% deviation between the soft measurement values and the directly measured values of argon gas temperature in the middle of the cavity. At the outlet of the cavity, the maximum deviation between the directly measured argon gas temperature and the simulation calculation results based on the soft measurement values at the entrance temperature is 5.2%. The paper rigorously validates the accuracy of the soft measurement method from various perspectives. Notably, this method offers the advantage of remote indirect measurement, and indirectly expanding the upper limit of the temperature sensor.
Structural and chemical properties of anion exchanged CsPb(Br(1−x)Cl
x
)3 heterostructured perovskite nanowires imaged by nanofocused x-rays
Authors: Marçal L A B , Lamers N , Hammarberg S , Zhang Z , Chen H , Dzhigaev D , Gomez-Gonzalez M A , Parker J E , Björling A , Mikkelsen A , Wallentin J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Over the last years metal halide perovskites have demonstrated remarkable potential for integration in light emitting devices. Heterostructures allow for tunable bandgap depending on the local anion composition, crucial for optoelectronic devices, but local structural effects of anion exchange in single crystals is not fully understood. Here, we investigate how the anion exchange of CsPbBr3 nanowires fully and locally exposed to HCl vapor affects the local crystal structure, using nanofocused x-rays. We study the nanoscale composition and crystal structure as function of HCl exposure time and demonstrate the correlation of anion exchange with changes in the lattice parameter. The local composition was measured by x-ray fluorescence and x-ray diffraction, with general agreement of both methods but with much less variation using latter. The heterostructured nanowires exhibit unintentional gradients in composition, both axially and radially. Ferroelastic domains are observed for all HCl exposure times, and the magnitude of the lattice tilt at the domain walls scales with the Cl concentration.
A total rip-off—crack propagation in paper
Authors: Bates Joanna , Dean Julian S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The explanation of material properties starts at a young age identifying materials using words such as strong or brittle, but it is not until higher education that we teach how and why materials break along with what brittle really means. It is an important concept to understand, as a material that could be thought strong can be made to appear weak with the addition of a very small crack. As force is applied, these cracks, introduced through dents, scratches or even from the manufacturing process, can rapidly grow, leading to catastrophic failure. To help educators explain this concept in class without the need for specialised equipment or teaching complex theory, we present a set of accessible experiments on the fracture strength of paper strips. We show how the complexity of the experiment can be modified for various age groups, ranging from an engaging session for younger students pulling paper strips to a more involved extended practical using analytical solutions and fitting to determine the fracture strength of paper. These experiments have been delivered successfully to students of various ages and have led to stimulating discussions on the subject of materials science and engineering.
Near-Earth Object Observations using Synthetic Tracking
Authors: Zhai Chengxing , Shao Michael , Saini Navtej , Choi Philip , Evans Nez , Trahan Russell , Nazli Kutay , Zhan Max 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Synthetic tracking (ST) has emerged as a potent technique for observing fast-moving near-Earth objects (NEOs), offering enhanced detection sensitivity and astrometric accuracy by avoiding trailing loss. This approach also empowers small telescopes to use prolonged integration times to achieve high sensitivity for NEO surveys and follow-up observations. In this study, we present the outcomes of ST observations conducted with Pomona College’s 1 m telescope at the Table Mountain Facility and JPL’s robotic telescopes at the Sierra Remote Observatory. The results showcase astrometric accuracy statistics comparable to stellar astrometry, irrespective of an object’s rate of motion, and the capability to detect faint asteroids beyond 20.5th magnitude using 11 inch telescopes. Furthermore, we detail the technical aspects of data processing, including the correction of differential chromatic refraction in the atmosphere and accurate timing for image stacking, which contribute to achieving precise astrometry. We also provide compelling examples that showcase the robustness of ST even when asteroids closely approach stars or bright satellites cause disturbances. Moreover, we illustrate the proficiency of ST in recovering NEO candidates with highly uncertain ephemerides. As a glimpse of the potential of NEO surveys utilizing small robotic telescopes with ST, we present significant statistics from our NEO survey conducted for testing purposes. These findings underscore the promise and effectiveness of ST as a powerful tool for observing fast-moving NEOs, offering valuable insights into their trajectories and characteristics. Overall, the adoption of ST stands to revolutionize fast-moving NEO observations for planetary defense and studying these celestial bodies.
The macroevolution of sexual size dimorphism in birds
Authors: Caron Fernanda S , Pie Marcio R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
There is considerable variation of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in body mass among animal groups, yet the drivers of interspecific variation in SSD are still poorly understood. Possible mechanisms have been suggested, including sexual selection, selection for fecundity in females, niche divergence between sexes, and allometry, yet their relative importance is still poorly understood. Here, we tested predictions of these four hypotheses in different avian groups using a large-scale dataset on SSD of body mass for 4761 species. Specifically, we estimated the probability of transition between male- and female-biased SSD, tested for differences in evolutionary rates of body mass evolution for males and females, and assessed the potential ecological and spatial correlates of SSD. Our results were consistent with the sexual selection, fecundity, and niche divergence hypotheses, but their support varied considerably among avian orders. In addition, we found little evidence that the direction of SSD affected the evolution of male or female body mass, and no relationship was detected between SSD and environmental predictors (i.e. temperature and precipitation seasonality, productivity, species richness, and absolute latitude). These results suggest that avian evolution of SSD is likely to be multifactorial, with sexual selection, fecundity, and niche divergence playing important roles in different avian orders.
Identification of a rare MET variant in three siblings with extramammary Paget disease
Authors: Kobayashi Yuki , Nakamura Yoshio , Tahara Umi , Nakamura Kohei , Nakanishi Kuniaki , Miyagawa Akihiro , Horikawa Hiroto , Kobayashi Kenta , Funakoshi Takeru , Sugano Kokichi , Ushiama Mineko , Yoshida Teruhiko , Inazumi Toyoko 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is an intraepithelial adenocarcinoma that primarily affects the genital and axillary areas in older individuals. A limited number of paired patients with familial EMPD (i.e. parent–offspring, siblings) have been reported but the genetics have not yet been adequately studied. We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first familial cases of patients with EMPD involving three affected siblings. The tumour-only multigene panel testing using surgical specimens revealed a heterozygous c.2997A&gt;C (p.Glu999Asp) nonsynonymous variant in the proto-oncogene MET (NM_000245.4) in the three affected siblings. The germline multigene panel testing using peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed the same missense MET variant in all five family members who were tested, including two asymptomatic offspring (51 and 37 years of age). The MET variant we identified could be involved in EMPD carcinogenesis. Further genomic analyses of patients with familial EMPD are warranted to validate the pathogenic relevance of MET variants in EMPD development.