bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced ultraviolet photoluminescence from V‐doped ZnO thin films prepared by a sol–gel process
Authors: Wei Ling , Zhang Liting , Zhang Yang , Zhang W. F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractUndoped and vanadium‐doped ZnO thin films were prepared on single‐crystalline p‐type Si(100) substrates by a sol–gel process and further annealed in an oxygen atmosphere. The influence of vanadium doping on the structural, surface morphological and optical properties of ZnO thin films was investigated by X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and photoluminescence measurements. Both the undoped and V‐doped ZnO thin films were of polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure with (002)‐preferred orientation. The crystallite size and the root‐mean‐square roughness of V‐doped ZnO are smaller than those of undoped ZnO. Vanadium doping could reduce deep level defects of ZnO and thus strengthen ultraviolet (UV) emission. The peak intensity of UV emission increased with increasing annealing temperature above 400 °C. After annealing at 800 °C, the UV emission for the V‐doped ZnO films was largely enhanced, while the visible emission was distinctly weakened. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of response of second‐order sliding mode controllers to external inputs in frequency domain
Authors: Boiko Igor , Castellanos Ivan , Fridman Leonid 
Published: April 2007

AbstractResponse of systems with the second‐order sliding‐mode (SOSM) control algorithms to an external harmonic excitation is analysed in the frequency domain. The analysis is done via application of the concept of the equivalent gain of a nonlinear function. The equivalent gain is used as a model of propagation of averaged values of signals through nonlinear elements of the system. Two SOSM algorithms: twisting and super‐twisting are analysed. The results are presented in the format of the conventional amplitude and phase frequency response. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sex differences in the regulation of cocaine and amphetamine‐regulated transcript expression in hypothalamic nuclei of rats by forced swim stress
Authors: Gozen Oguz , Balkan Burcu , Yararbas Gorkem , Koylu Ersin O. , Kuhar Michael J. , Pogun Sakire 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCocaine and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) peptides are suggested to play a role in several physiological processes including feeding, reward, neuroendocrine modulation, and the stress response. Although some studies implicate the modulation of CART peptide expression by glucocorticoids, direct evidence relating CART to the stress response is limited. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible involvement of CART peptides during acute stress in male and female rats. Forced swim was used as the stress procedure. Following stress, serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone (CORT) levels were determined, and CART immunocytochemistry was performed in the paraventricular (PVN) and arcuate (ARC) nuclei of the hypothalamus. Our results depict the following changes: (1) Serum ACTH and CORT levels were increased by stress and CORT levels were higher in female rats than males. (2) Stress modulated the number of CART expressing neurons. The degree and direction of this modulation varied according to the hypothalamic region and the sex of the subject. Forced swim stress increased CART peptide expression significantly in the PVN of female rats. In males, although there was a tendency for an increase in CART‐immunoreactive cells by forced swim stress, the difference was not statistically significant. In the ARC nucleus, forced swim stress did not affect CART peptide expression in either sex. Our results suggest differential and sexually dimorphic modulation of CART expression in the PVN and ARC by forced swim stress. Synapse 61:561–568, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antagonist‐induced increase in 5‐HT1A‐receptor expression in adult rat hippocampus and cortex
Authors: Abbas Syed Y. , Nogueira Maria I. , Azmitia Efrain C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMany receptor antagonists function as reverse agonists on the signaling transduction pathway, but little is known about the action of these drugs on the regulation of receptor expression. Serotonin 1A (5‐HT1A) receptor expression in 5‐HT and serum‐free fetal hippocampal cultures is increased in the presence of a specific 5‐HT1A‐receptor antagonist N‐(2‐(4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐piperazinyl)ethyl)‐N‐(2‐pyridinyl) cyclohexane carboxamide (WAY 100635). To study the plasticity of postsynaptic 5‐HT1A receptors in the presence of antagonist in vivo, adult Sprague Dawley rats were injected i.p. either once or twice daily with a dose of WAY 100635 (3 mg/kg) over a period of 3 days. The 5‐HT1A receptor expression was detected by immunocytochemistry and light microscopy, and the receptor immunoreactivity (IR) in hippocampus subregions was quantitatively assessed by using a comparative computer‐assisted morphometric analysis. Following the daily injections of WAY 100635, a significant increase in 5‐HT1A receptor labeling in hippocampal neurons was recorded. This marked increase in 5‐HT1A receptor expression, which occurred within 4 h after a single injection of WAY 100635, is evident on the somata membrane and dendritic processes of hippocampal and cortex layer V neurons. By contrast, no increase in 5‐HT1A receptor‐IR was observed after multiple daily injections at a low dose (1 mg/kg) of WAY 100635. Our study shows that a single or multiple daily injections of WAY 100635 can result in an increase in 5‐HT1A receptor‐IR. This increase in labeling is consistent with an enhanced expression of the receptor protein. The action of this “inverse agonist” may have clinical importance in disorders such as depression, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease in which 5‐HT1A receptor levels are deficient. Synapse 61:531–539, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time‐expanded decision networks: A framework for designing evolvable complex systems
Authors: Silver Matthew R. , de Weck Olivier L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the concept of Time‐Expanded Decision Networks (TDNs), a new methodology to design and analyze flexibility in large‐scale complex systems. This includes a preliminary application of the methodology to the design of Heavy Lift Launch Vehicles for NASA's space exploration initiative. Synthesizing concepts from Decision Theory, Real Options Analysis, Network Optimization, and Scenario Planning, TDN provides a holistic framework to quantify the value of system flexibility, analyze development and operational paths, and identify designs that can allow managers and systems engineers to react more easily to exogenous uncertainty. TDN consists of five principle steps, which can be implemented as a software tool: (1) Design a set of potential system configurations; (2) quantify switching costs to create a “static network” that captures the difficulty of switching among these configurations; (3) create a time‐expanded decision network by expanding the static network in time, including chance and decision nodes; (4) evaluate minimum cost paths through the network under plausible operating scenarios; and (5) modify the set of initial design configurations to exploit high‐leverage switches and repeat the process to convergence. Results can inform decisions about how and where to embed flexibility in order to enable system evolution along various development and operational paths. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 10: 167–186, 2007
Family developmental risk factors among adolescents with disabilities and children of parents with disabilities
Authors: Hogan Dennis P. , Shandra Carrie L. , Msall Michael E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper investigates how the learning environments and family dynamics differ if households have a child with a disability or a parent with a disability. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, results indicate that children with disabilities experience similar learning environments as other children, but have somewhat weaker relationships with their parents. In two‐parent families, maternal disability lowers parents’ school involvement and is associated with a less enriching home environment. Paternal disability reduces maternal monitoring and positive family activities possibly because mothers divert care‐giving resources from their children to their male partners. Children in mother‐headed households experience learning environments and family dynamics that are similar regardless of their own disability status or that of their mothers, but these outcomes are markedly inferior to those of children growing up in two‐parent households. Future research on adolescent development should consider the disability status of children and parents, with particular attention to patterns of gendered care‐giving in American families.
Translational control of maskin mRNA by its 3′ untranslated region
Authors: Meijer Hedda A. , Radford Helois E. , Wilson Lolita S. , Lissenden Sarah , de Moor Cornelia H. 
Published: April 2007

Background information. Maskin is a member of the TACC (transforming acidic coiled‐coil) domain proteins found in Xenopus laevis oocytes and embryos. It has been implicated in the co‐ordination of the spindle and has been reported to mediate translational repression of cyclin B1 mRNA.Results. In the present study, we report that maskin mRNA is translationally repressed at the level of initiation in stage 4 oocytes and becomes activated in stage 6 oocytes. The translational repression of maskin mRNA correlates with the presence of a short poly(A) tail on this mRNA in stage 4 oocytes. The 3′‐UTR (untranslated region) of maskin can confer the translational regulation to a reporter mRNA, and so can the 3′‐UTR of human TACC3. A conserved GUCU repeat element was found to repress translation in both stage 4 and stage 6 oocytes, but deletion of this element did not abrogate repression in stage 4 oocytes. UV cross‐linking experiments indicated that overlapping sets of proteins bind efficiently to both the maskin and the cyclin B1 3′‐UTRs. As reported previously, CPEB [CPE (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element)‐binding protein] binds to the cyclin B1 3′‐UTR, but its binding to the maskin 3′‐UTR is minimal. By RNA affinity chromatography and MS, we identified the EDEN‐BP [EDEN (embryonic deadenylation element)‐binding protein] as one of the proteins binding to both the maskin and the cyclin B1 3′‐UTRs.Conclusions. Maskin mRNA is translationally regulated by at least two repressor elements and an activation element. One of the repessor elements is the evolutionarily conserved GUCU repeat. EDEN‐BP binds to both the maskin and cyclin B1 3′‐UTRs, indicating it may be involved in the deadenylation of these mRNAs.
Conserved patterns of nuclear compartmentalization are not observed in the chordate Oikopleura
Authors: Spada Fabio , Koch Jeannette , Sadoni Nicolas , Mitchell Nadine , Ganot Philippe , De Boni Umberto , Zink Daniele , Thompson Eric M. 
Published: April 2007

Background information. Recent results from a limited number of eukaryotic model organisms suggest that major principles governing spatial organization of the genome in functionally distinct nuclear compartments are conserved through evolution.Results. We examined the in situ spatial organization of major nuclear components and nuclear patterns of gene loci with strictly defined expression patterns in endocycling cells of the transparent urochordate Oikopleura dioica, a complex metazoan with a very compact genome. Endocycling cells with different functions and similar DNA content displayed distinct topologies of nuclear components. However, the generation of the diverse nuclear architectures did not involve specific local organization of active genes or their preferential amplification. Interestingly, endocycling cells lacked nuclear‐envelope‐associated heterochromatin and prominent splicing‐factor domains, which in mammalian cells associate with transcriptionally silent and active loci respectively. In addition, no correlation was found between transcriptional activity of a locus and its association with chromatin domains rich in specific histone modifications.Conclusions. Together, these findings and the absence of typical eukaryotic replication patterns reveal a surprisingly limited functional compartmentalization of O. dioica endocycling nuclei. This indicates that robust cell‐type‐specific gene expression does not necessarily require high levels of spatial genome organization.
Risk of Rabies Infection and Adverse Effects of Postexposure Prophylaxis in Healthcare Workers and Other Patient Contacts Exposed to a Rabies Virus–Infected Lung Transplant Recipient
Authors: Mattner Frauke , Henke-Gendo Cornelia , Martens Andreas , Drosten Christian , Schulz Thomas F. , Heim Albert , Suerbaum Sebastian , Kuhn Sabine , Bruderek Juliane , Gastmeier Petra , Strueber Martin 
Published: April 2007

Background.
Rabies virus was inadvertently transmitted to a lung transplant recipient through donor lungs. The patient was given ventilatory assistance and cared for postoperatively for 6 weeks before a diagnosis of rabies virus infection was made. Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) was offered to potentially exposed healthcare workers (HCWs).

Methods.
Only HCWs classified as belonging to possible and/or proven contact groups (according to a standardized interview) received PEP. The risk of individual HCWs being exposed to rabies virus was reassessed on the basis of viral concentrations measured in the patient's excretions and body fluids. HCWs who were vaccinated as part of PEP were followed up prospectively according to a standardized procedure.

Results.
Of 179 HCWs and other patient contacts, 132 met the eligibility criteria for PEP (118 [89.4%] with possible contact and 14 [10.6%] with proven contact with the patient's excretions and/or body fluids). One hundred thirty-one individuals started PEP, and 126 met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Of these, 48 (38%) developed at least 1 adverse effect (8 [6.3%] had fever, 37 [29.4%] had headache, 3 [2.4%] had lymphadenopathy, 17 [13.5%] had dizziness, and 6 [4.8%] had paresthesia). No HCW or other patient contact developed rabies or serious PEP-related adverse effects. Reassessment of the individual's risk of infection as a function of the viral concentration in the patient's excretions and/or body fluids (up to 5.12 × 107 copies/mL) revealed that 103 HCWs (78.0%) had contact with high-risk substances (89 [67.40%] had possible contact and 14 [10.7%] had proven contact).

Conclusion.
HCWs can be exposed to significant viral concentrations in excretions and/or body fluids from rabies virus-infected lung transplant recipients. Because widespread use of PEP entails the possibility of significant health problems for HCWs considered to be at risk of contracting rabies, applying a rational indication for PEP is crucial.
Circumstances of Patient Falls and Injuries In 9 Hospitals In a Midwestern Healthcare System
Authors: Krauss Melissa J. , Nguyen Sheila L. , Dunagan Wm. Claiborne , Birge Stanley , Costantinou Eileen , Johnson Shirley , Caleca Barbara , Fraser Victoria J. 
Published: April 2007

Objective.Preventing hospital falls and injuries requires knowledge of fall and injury circumstances. Our objectives were to determine whether reported fall circumstances differ among hospitals and to identify predictors of fall-related injury.Design.Retrospective cohort study. Adverse event data on falls were compared according to hospital characteristics. Logistic regression was used to determine adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk factors for fall-related injury.Setting.Nine hospitals in a Midwestern healthcare system.Patients.Inpatients who fell during 2001-2003.Results.The 9 hospitals reported 8,974 falls that occurred in patient care areas, involving 7,082 patients; 7,082 falls were included in our analysis. Assisted falls (which accounted for 13.3% of falls in the academic hospital and 9.8% of falls in the nonacademic hospitals;P&lt;.001) and serious fall-related injuries (which accounted for 3.7% of fall-related injuries in the academic hospital and 2.2% of fall-related injuries in the nonacademic hospitals;P&lt;.001) differed by hospital type. In multivariate analysis for the academic hospital, increased age (aOR, 1.006 [95% CI, 1.000-1.012]), falls in locations other than patient rooms (aOR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.03-2.27]), and unassisted falls (aOR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.23-2.36]) were associated with increased injury risk. Altered mental status was associated with a decreased injury risk (aOR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.58-0.89]). In multivariate analysis for the nonacademic hospitals, increased age (aOR, 1.007 [95% CI, 1.002-1.013]), falls in the bathroom (aOR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.06-2.01]), and unassisted falls (aOR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.37-2.43]) were associated with injury. Female sex (aOR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.71-0.97]) was associated with a decreased risk of injury.Conclusion.Some fall characteristics differed by hospital type. Further research is necessary to determine whether differences reflect true differences or merely differences in reporting practices. Fall prevention programs should target falls involving older patients, unassisted falls, and falls that occur in the patient's bathroom and in patient care areas outside of the patient's room to reduce injuries.
Reduction in Surgical Site Infections in Neurosurgical Patients Associated With a Bedside Hand Hygiene Program in Vietnam
Authors: Thu Le Thi Arm , Dibley Michael J. , Nho Vo Van , Archibald Lennox , Jarvis William R. , Sohn Annette H. 
Published: April 2007

Objective.
We conducted an intervention study to assess the impact of the use of an alcohol-chlorhexidine-based hand sanitizer on surgical site infection (SSI) rates among neurosurgical patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Design.
A quasi-experimental study with an untreated control group and assessment of neurosurgical patients admitted to 2 neurosurgical wards at Cho Ray Hospital between July 11 and August 15, 2000 (before the intervention), and July 14 and August 18, 2001 (after the intervention). A hand sanitizer with 70% isopropyl alcohol and 0.5% Chlorhexidine gluconate was introduced, and healthcare workers were trained in its use on ward A in September 2000. No intervention was made in ward B. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions of SSI were used. Patient SSI data were collected on standardized forms and were analyzed using Stata software (Stata).

Results.
A total of 786 patients were enrolled: 377 in the period before intervention (156 in ward A and 221 in ward B) and 409 in the period after intervention (159 in ward A and 250 in ward B). On ward A after the intervention, the SSI rate was reduced by 54% (from 8.3% to 3.8%; P = .09), and more than half of superficial SSIs were eliminated (7 of 13 vs 0 of 6 in ward B; P = .007). On ward B, the SSI rate increased by 22% (from 7.2% to 9.2%; P = .8). In patients without SSI, the median postoperative length of stay and the duration of antimicrobial use were reduced on ward A (both from 8 to 6 days; P &lt;.001) but not on ward B.

Conclusions.
Our study demonstrates that introduction of a hand sanitizer can both reduce SSI rates in neurosurgical patients, with particular impact on superficial SSIs, and reduce the overall postoperative length of stay and the duration of antimicrobial use. Hand hygiene programs in developing countries are likely to reduce SSI rates and improve patient outcomes.
Christian Identity in the Jewish and Graeco-Roman World
Authors: Lieu Judith 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEarly Christianity took shape through its texts, and is only available to us in the earliest centuries through its texts. Using contemporary models of how identity is constructed, the construction of Christian identity through texts of the first two centuries can be placed alongside that of Greeks, Romans, and Jews. Particularly important are a sense of history, defining boundaries, a distinctive practice, conceptualized space to inhabit, constructions of gender, the use of ethnic categories, and the manipulation of ‘the other’, alongside the explicit development of a technical terminology. Close analysis demonstrates the strong continuities in strategies in identity-construction between overtly Christian texts and those of their contemporaries, and provides a clearer framework for considering texts and situations that resist easy categorization. This approach offers a radical alternative to explanations of the development of early Christianity through the growth of institutions, doctrine or ritual, and allows exploration of diversity without prejudice regarding orthodoxy or canonicity. It also offers a way forward towards an understanding of the continuities of Christianity across time and place.
History, Memory, and the Invention of Tradition
Authors: Lieu Judith 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe ‘invention’ of a past, an acknowledged feature in the construction of identity, can be illustrated by Graeco-Roman and Jewish writings. Conflicting claims to, and re-writings of, the same history are common. Various strategies for the appropriation of Israel’s history characterize early Christian writings, alongside the creation of new histories reaching back to Jesus. Here too, different accounts reflect competing claims to represent the true heirs of the past.
The Grammar Of Practice
Authors: Lieu Judith 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBourdieu’s concept of Habitus provides a framework for understanding the nexus of practice and belief in early Judaism and how a shared set of practices and world-view can encompass multiple interpretations. From this perspective, we can explore how self-understandings in so-called early Christian writings both overlap with each other and with Jewish patterns and differentiate themselves from them. A language of mutuality was particularly important in Christian writings, which often emphasize practice more than belief. Although these distinguish themselves from Jews and ‘pagans’, many of their values were shared in common, and perhaps lived out in cooperation more than conflict.
Embodiment and Gender
Authors: Lieu Judith 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe construction of masculinity and of woman as ‘the other’ are integral to an idealized self-identity in the ancient world. These take a distinctive form in Jewish writings when combined with Biblical images of sexual immorality and anxieties about intermarriage. Despite the emphasis on the body in the incarnation, many early Christian writings continue this pattern, combined with Graeco-Roman anxieties about the body. Although some have found traces of a greater egalitarianism in early Christianity, a developing ascetical tradition reflects a conviction of the importance of the body as a site of identity but a widespread ambiguity about its expression.