bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of growth fraction in tumors by Ki67 monoclonal antibody in cytologic smears: A prospective study of 40 cases
Authors: Rishi Mazhar , Schwarting Roland , Kovatich Albert J. , Ehya Hormoz , Stanley Michael W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe monoclonal antibody (MAb) Ki67 detects a nuclear antigen in cycling tumor cells. Quantitation of proliferating cells is helpful in predicting the recurrence and metastatic potential of tumors as previously reported. We conducted a prospective study on 40 benign and malignant tumors by performing Ki67 immunocytochemical stains on cytologic smears and their corresponding frozen tissues. Quantitation of Ki67 positive cells was done by counting 300 cells in 5‐7 high‐power fields in cytologic smears and tissues. Only nuclear or nucleolar immunostaining was considered positive for MAb Ki67. The number of Ki67 positive tumor cells in cytologic smears correlated well with Ki67 positive cells from corresponding tissues. On the average, cytologic smears showed 1.9% higher Ki67 positivity in malignant tumors as compared to their corresponding frozen tissues (P < 0.001). The Ki67 positivity in malignant tumors was found to be significantly higher when compared with benign tumors (P < 0.001). We conclude that cytologic smears can be used for the determination of growth potential in tumors by MAb Ki67. Additionally, cytologic preparations can be used during intraoperative consultations when adequate tissue is not available for the above mentioned study.
Fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis of ectopic thyroid: Report of one case
Authors: Stanek Jerzy , Busseniers Anne E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of a mass of the floor of the mouth in a teenage woman showed many foamy and pigmented histiocytes. cholesterol crystals, and few sheets of follicular cells with paravacuolar granules and cytoplasmic flares. The cytologic findings were consistent with adenomatous thyroid tissue. This was confirmed by subsequent surgical excision and histologic diagnosis of the surgical specimen. The differential diagnosis and value of preoperative diagnosis by FNA of lesions of the floor of the mouth in general and ectopic thyroid in particular, are briefly discussed.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of a pancreatic lymphoepithelial cyst
Authors: Cappellari James O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas (LECP) is an exceedingly rare nonneoplastic entity of uncertain histogenesis, A case of LECP clinically and radiographically mimicking a pseudocyst in a 44‐yr‐old man is described. Preoperative fine‐needle aspiration cytology was instrumental in correctly identifying the lesion as a benign true cyst, thus permitting appropriate surgical management by local resection. The clinical and pathologic features of all ten previously reported cases of lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas are reviewed and current theories regarding its histogenesis are discussed.
Tubal metaplasia: A cytologic study with comparison to other neoplastic and non‐neoplastic conditions of the endocervix
Authors: Ducatman Barbara S. , Wang Helen H. , Jonasson Jon G. , Hogan Christine L. , Antonioli Donald A. , Leiman Gladwyn 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTubal metaplasia of the endocervix (TME), a condition that may be con/used morphologically with glandular neoplasia, is frequently found in cone or hysterectomy specimens. To determine the frequency of detecting TME in cytologic smears, we retrospectively reviewed 28 Papanicolaou (Pap) smears from 22 women (mean age 39.1 yr; range 25‐60 yr) with histologically proven TME. Our criteria for TME were the presence of two cell types in addition to endocervical secretory cells, i.e., peg cells (cells with dark and granular cytoplasm and elongate nuclei) and ciliated cells. All women had cervical cytology specimens obtained with an endocervical brush shortly before the procedures in which TME was diagnosed, and five also had at least one post‐procedure smear. Of 20 smears with an adequate, non‐neoplastic endocervical component, TME was found in 2 (10%). In these two, TME cells constituted 10% and < 5% of all the glandular cells, respectively, and the percentage of ciliated cells in the TME was approximately 25% and 75%. In conclusion, TME was noted infrequently (10%) on the cervical cytosmears of women with histologically‐proven TME. This result corresponds to the histologic finding that TME typically involves the upper endocervix and glandular epithelium, with only 13% of the women having TME on the surface of the lower endocervix. Atypical glandular cells on cervical cytology are a problem for clinicians and pathologists alike. The differential diagnosis of such atypia, including TME, cells of the lower uterine segment, squamous intraepithelial lesion in glands and glandular neoplasia, is discussed.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Authors: Powers Celeste N. , Hurt Mark A. , Frable William J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) represents a spectrum of mesenchymal spindle cell tumors that typically involve both dermis and subcutis. Presented herein are six cases of DFSP, four of which were initially diagnosed by FNAB. The cytologic features useful in the identification of this lesion on Papanicolaou‐ and Diff‐Quik‐stained smears are discussed. Chief among these are the storiform stromal fragments, presence of entrapped adipose tissue and the recognition of fibrohistiocytic spindle cells. The potential pitfalls and the differential diagnostic possibilities of spindle‐cell lesions, particularly those of fibrohistiocytic origin are discussed.
Prognostic value of breast cancer cytologic grading: A retrospective study of 213 cases
Authors: Ciatto Stefano , Bonardi Rita , Herd‐Smith Andrea , Cariaggi Paola , Confortini Massimo , Bulgaresi Paolo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe authors evaluate 213 consecutive breast cancer cases with positive fine‐needle aspiration cytology. Cytologic smears were reviewed and classified according to a grading system. A correlation between cytologic grading and pathological stage (T and N category) was observed. Univariate analysis of 5‐yr overall survival rate showed a significant negative association with prognosis only for G3 (90%) compared to G1 (72%) cases. Such prognostic correlation was no longer significant at multivariate (Cox) analysis adjusting for potential confounders such as T or N categories. The prognostic value of cytologic grading is limited and dependent on other classic prognostic indicators that are currently determined in breast cancer patients. Its practical value is negligible, as it does not improve the prognostic judgment.
Value of papanicolaou smear in detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection
Authors: Pandit Ajita A. , Klhilnani Pushpa H. , Powar Harshawardhan S. , Mali B. N. , Joshi Jayashree V. , Krishna Usha 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study was undertaken to assess the value of Papanicolaou smear for the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. The study was both retrospective (groups I and II) and prospective (group III). Group I consisted of 41 smears with cytomorphological changes proposed by Gupta, Kiviat, or Shiina. Group II was a control group, consisting of 30 cytologically normal smears. All these smears were subjected to specific immunofluorescent (IF) staining under identical conditions to confirm the diagnosis. In group III, 40 consecutive duplicate cervical smears were collected from patients attending the Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic. One smear was routinely examined, and the specific IF staining was done on the other smear. The results in all the three groups were analysed. It was concluded that Papanicolaou smear is not useful in the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
Monoclonal antibody 44‐3A6 as an adjunct in cytodiagnosis of adenocarcinomas in body fluids
Authors: Cajulis Ricardo S. , Szumel Richard , Frias‐Hidvegi Denise , Combs Steven G. , Radosevich James A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonoclonal antibody (MCA) 44‐3A6 detects a cell‐surface trans‐membrane phosphoprotein frequently expressed by pulmonary adenocarcinoma (AC) and associated with glandular differentiation. This antibody has been found to have utility in assessing routine formalin fixed paraffin‐embedded pulmonary neoplasms, as well as the cytopathological evaluation of sputum and bronchial brushings. Recently, it has been shown to be useful in cytological diagnosis of pleural effusions. This study is directed at evaluating its effectiveness in detecting immunoreactive neoplastic cells in body fluids (BF) arising in other tissues. A retrospective cohort of 57 cases was studied, consisting of 36 pleural, 19 ascitic, and 2 pericardial BF. After evaluation of Papanicolaou‐stained slides, the BF specimens were immunostained with MCA 44‐3A6 using the avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex (ABC) method. In 29 cases, tissue sections of the primary tumors, were also available for immunostaining with MCA 44‐3A6. Results showed that 39/42 (93%) of AC BF cases were positive and 28/42 (66%) stained intensely (3‐4+) with 75‐100% of the AC cells staining in each case. All of the 18 benign and non‐AC malignant BF were negative. The staining patterns in the tissue sections of the 29 cases that had corresponding BF samples were similar. We conclude from this study that the MCA 44‐3A6 (1) is useful in detecting cells consistent with AC in BF; (2) does not stain inflammatory cells or reactive mesothelial cells, thus helping distinguish reactive from malignant BF; and (3) frequency and pattern of expression in BF parallels its expression in tissue specimens. This study confirms that this MCA is a useful adjunct tool in the cytopathological evaluation of BF.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: Diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Stanley Michael W. , Tani Edneia M. , Rutquist Lars‐Eric , Skoog Lambert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdenoid cystic carcinoma rarely occurs as a primary breast malignancy. When seen in fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) material, it is identical to its counterpart in the salivary glands. We report six cases diagnosed by aspiration in patients aged 32‐82 yr. The smears were highly cellular and featured extracellular spheres of metachromatic material. These were surrounded by small, uniform cells with bland nuclei and very little cytoplasm. Numerous similar cells occurred singly in the background. The cytologic differential diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma includes other entities that produce extracellular metachromatic spheres including collagenous spherulosis. We describe and illustrate similar material originating in inspissated secretions or stromal fragments from fibrocystic change and fibroadenoma, as well as infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Diagnostic criteria for adenoid cystic carcinoma and the clinical relevance of distinguishing this rare tumor from typical infiltrating ductal carcinoma are discussed.
Unresectable stage IV nephroblastoma: A potential indication for fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in children
Authors: Geisinger Kim R. , Wakely Paul E. , Wofford Marcia M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the United States, the initial morphologic diagnosis of nephroblastoma is usually determined on a nephrectomy specimen prior to the initiation of any additional therapy. Such an approach, however, is not appropriate in all children; we believe that fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) should be the initial diagnostic procedure in a minority of patients with suspected Wilms' tumor. One such group of patients is those who present with stage IV disease, especially when it is considered unresectable. Herein we present two children with advanced Wilms' tumor to support our contention. The initial microscopic diagnosis in each was made by FNAB. Following chemotherapy, predominantly necrotic Wilms' tumors were excised. Both patients are alive with no evidence of residual disease or untoward affects from the aspiration procedure.
Aspiration cytology of maxillary myxoma
Authors: Verma Anand Kumar , Tandon Rajeev , Saxena Sunita , Pandey Jyotsana , Talib Vajahat Hussain 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration was used to diagnose a case of maxillary myxoma. Abundant mucoid material was obtained. Microscopic examination showed three‐dimensional fibrillary myxoid fragments entangling spindle‐shaped, stellate, and fusiform cells with round to oval monomorphic nuclei. A striking feature was delicately branching capillaries. The diagnosis was subsequently con‐finned on histology and histochemistry.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of the salivary gland: Problem cases
Authors: Macleod Carla B. , Frable William J. , Cohen Michael B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmong 582 fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies of major and minor salivary glands performed between 1974 and 1990, lack of cytological histologic correlation was noted in 21 cases. Of these, the cause in 10 FNAs was inadequate cytological sampling of the lesion. [One case of malignant hemangiopericytoma was tentatively diagnosed as a monomorphic adenoma on FNA, a polymorphic T‐cell lymphoma was diagnosed as granulomatous inflammation on aspiration biopsy, a benign lymphoepithelial lesion was diagnosed as a reactive lymph node, a branchial cleft cyst was called benign mixed tumor (BMT), one case of chronic sialoadenitis was called BMT by FNA, two cases of benign lymphoepithelial lesion (BLEL) were diagnosed as cystic Warthin's tumor, two low‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas were called BMT, and a BMT was cytologically diagnosed as a Warthin's tumor with squamous metaplasia versus low‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. One case of low‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma was diagnosed only as a “cyst.”] Review of these cases identifies constant features that permit differentiation between Warthin's tumor and BLEL, and among BMT, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and chronic sialoadenitis. Despite a few problem cases, FNA of the salivary gland is accurate in the preoperative diagnosis and classification of salivary gland neoplasms.
Cytologic features of metastatic transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Johnson Terri L , Kini Sudha R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytologic preparations containing metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (MTCC) from 18 sites in 16 patients were renewed to determine characteristic morphologic features. The patient group included 13 males and 3 females with a mean age of 66 years. Primary TCC occurred in the bladder (14), kidney (1) and ureter (1); nearly all the primary tumors were poorly differentiated and most were invasive at the time of diagnosis. The cytologic specimens were derived from lymph nodes (6). liver (4). serous fluids (2), pelvic soft tissue (2), subcutaneous nodules (2), and lung (1). One patient presented with MTCC in Pap smears. Cytologically MTCC presented as loosely cohesive, moderate to markedly pleomorphic cells which occurred singly and in syncytial clusters. The malignant cells were usually large with abundant granular or fibrillar cytoplasm and the cell borders were generally distinct. Most nuclei were large and hyperchromatic with irregularly distributed granular chromatin and prominent nucleoli. The most distinctive features were the presence of spindled, pyramidal, and/or racquet‐shaped malignant cells with eccentric nuclei and cytoplasmic features of both squamous and glandular differentiation including endoplasmic/ectoplasmic interfaces and intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Although clinical history is most useful in the diagnosis of MTCC, these morphologic features in cytologic preparations of malignant epithelial neoplasms may be helpful. In the absence of a known primary TCC. it is doubtful that a definite cytologic diagnosis could be made; however, the characteristic cell shapes and cytoplasmic features may be suggestive of MTCC.
Diagnostic value of electron microscopy on paraffin‐embedded cytologic material
Authors: Young Nancy A. , Naryshkin Sonya , Katz Sheila Moriber 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an important adjuvant to light microscopy, but is underutilized in cytopathology because of technical obstacles. One should attempt to obtain properly fixed material for TEM whenever possible. If that is not available, TEM on the cell block requires no preplanning or additional needle passes, and avoids problems of inadequate tissue for diagnosis. However, cell blocks are often not examined because of the perception that their poor ultrastructural preservation precludes their utility. We describe our experience in performing TEM on cell blocks from 15 cytologic specimens. In 13 of 15 cases, the cell block material was adequate for ultrastructural evaluation, and it clarified or extended the diagnosis in seven of these cases. TEM is a useful adjuvant technique to cytodiagnosis and can be successfully performed on cell blocks when gluteraldehyde‐fixed material is not available.
Cytological diagnosis of paget's disease of the nipple by scrape smears: A report of five cases
Authors: Samarasinghe D. , Frost F. , Sterrett G. , Whitaker D. , Ingram D. , Sheiner H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive cases of mammary Paget's disease were diagnosed by nipple scrape cytology. The neoplastic material obtained was abundant in two cases, moderate in one, but in two, only a few cell aggregates and single malignant cells were obtained. Cell engulfment was a feature in three cases and this, together with dense tumour cell cytoplasm and the background of keratinous debris, may impart a squamous‐like appearance; however, three‐dimensional cell aggregates, papillary‐like groups, acinar‐like collections, and some cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei allowed glandular differentiation to be inferred in three cases. In four cases a combination of clinical evaluation, and cytological findings of malignant cells compatible with Paget's disease was used so that mastectomy could proceed, and in one case there was frozen section confirmation of an underlying invasive carcinoma. In the single case in which it was performed, there was positive immunoperoxidase staining for c‐erb B2 oncoprotein. Demonstration of this protein, CEA, or mucin, helps distinguish Paget's disease from melanoma or squamous cell carcinoma in‐situ.
Cytologic detection of herpes simplex virus DNA in nipple discharge by in situ hybridization: Report of two cases
Authors: Kobayashi Tadao K. , Okamoto Hajime , Yakushiji Michiaki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytologic changes in the smears from nipple discharge of two cases with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are described. The cytology revealed the ground‐glass appearance of the nuclei with multinucleated syncytial cells. Subsequently, in situ hybridization (ISH) using a biotinytated DNA probe was applied to identify the HSV DNA in the Papanicolaou‐destained specimens. Positive hybridization was found with intense staining for the HSV DNA in the nuclei of cells having a ground‐glass appearance. Cytologic observation together with ISH procedure may be rapid and valuable tool for the detection and final demonstration of HSV infections. Similar investigations may be carried out in cellular samples from other body sites.
Cytology of thyroglossal cyst papillary carcinoma
Authors: Chen Karl T. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cytologic and histologic features of two cases of carcinoma arising in thyroglossal cyst are reported. The carcinoma in both cases was papillary thyroid carcinoma. The aspirated cyst fluid in one case revealed only macrophages and benign squamous epithelial cells, while in the other case the cyst fluid showed cytologic features of papillary carcinoma including psammoma bodies and epithelial cells with papillary clustering, intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, and positive immunohistochemical reaction to thyroglobulin.
Nodular fasciitis: Spontaneous resolution following diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Stanley Michael W. , Skoog Lambert , Tani Edneia M. , Horwitz Charles A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNodular fasciitis can be histologically mistaken for a sarcoma. Typical cases are less than 5 cm and enlarge rapidly over days or weeks before diagnosis. The natural history of nodular fasciitis is unknown, since the diagnosis is usually based on excised lesions. Fine‐needle aspiration of nodular fasciitis has been described, and features benign‐appearing spindle cells (singly and in groups), collagen, and myxoid material. We describe 11 cases in which nonsurgical observation led spontaneously to complete resolution. Our study includes 7 males and 4 females (24 to 73 years of age; median = 42). Lesions were located in the arm (4), thigh (3), temporal area (2), breast (1) and the parotid (1) and ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 cm. (median = 1.5). They had been present for from less than 1 to 4 weeks (median = 2). In 9 cases, spontaneous resolution occurred in from 3 to 8 weeks (median = 4). Two other patients were lost to follow‐up for up to 11 months, after which resolution was noted. Small palpable masses in the subcutaneous soft tissues which evolve over a short period of time and show the cytologic features of nodular fasciitis should be managed nonsurgically. If resolution does not occur within a few weeks, surgery can then be performed. Diagn Cytopathol 1993;9:322‐324.
Diagnostic pitfalls in thyroid fine‐needle aspiration: A review of 394 cases
Authors: Caraway Nancy P. , Sneige Nour , Samaan Naguib A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo determine the diagnostic pitfalls of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), we reviewed 394 thyroid aspirates obtained between January 1986 and December 1990. Surgical follow‐up was available for 150 aspirations. The cytologic diagnoses were categorized into four groups: benign, 57; indeterminate, 51; malignant, 33; and nondiagnostic specimen, nine. There were three false negative diagnoses (3%), which upon review were judged to be inadequate specimens. Three false positive diagnoses (7%) were identified: in the first two cases, follicular adenomas were mistaken for papillary carcinoma: in the third case, atypical Hürthle cells were mistaken for a Hurthle cell carcinoma. Our results showed a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 91% for the detection of malignancy. If indeterminate cases were considered positive, the specificity decreased to 50%, while the sensitivity increased to 97%. We conclude that: 1 certain follicular adenomas may display cytologic features mimicking papillary carcinoma; 2 as in follicular neoplasms, aspirates of Hürthle cell adenomas cannot be differentiated from Hurthle cell carcinomas; 3 with adequate sampling, false negative results can be markedly reduced.
Multinodular goiter of the thyroid mimicking malignancy: Diagnostic pitfalls in fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Fiorella Russell M. , Isley William , Miller Leslie K. , Kragel Peter J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of multinodular goiter with multicentric papillary hyperplasia is presented with cytologic features suggestive of thyroid papillary carcinoma. While the cytologic criteria for papillary thyroid carcinoma is well defined, occasional diagnostic difficulties can arise. Cytologically, the presence of focal papillary aggregates, the presence of a psammoma body within a background of copious colloid and scattered follicular cells led to diagnostic confusion. Histologically, the presence of secondary follicles in the papillae and protrusion of the papillary structures into colloid lakes supported the diagnosis of goiter. It is our opinion that most, if not all, of these difficulties can be circumvented by the incorporation of all major and some minor cytologic criteria for papillary carcinoma in the analysis of such lesions. Single criteria for papillary carcinoma, either major or minor, is not sufficient.