bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving figures for climate change communications: Insights from interviews with international policymakers and practitioners
Authors: Bruine de Bruin Wändi , Rabinovich Lila , Weber Kate , Babboni Marianna , Ignon Lance , Wald Rachel , Dean Monica , Kashdan Alix , Luz Sigourney 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNearly 200 governments rely on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for scientific assessments of climate change. IPCC figures are important for conveying key findings, but can be difficult for policymakers and practitioners to understand. Best practices in graph design, summarized in the IPCC’s visual style guide, recommend conducting interviews with members of the target audience before finalizing figures. Therefore, we interviewed 20 policy makers and practitioners from different countries about three figures drafted for the second order draft of the summary for policymakers associated with IPCC’s Working Group III Sixth Assessment Report. Half were frequent users and half were occasional users of climate science, but similar comments emerged from both groups. The figures received a median rating of 3, on a scale from 1 (= not easy at all to understand) to 5 (= very easy to understand). Showing the caption did not always improve these ratings. Overall, two types of recommendations emerged. First, participants suggested focusing each figure on one key message for policymakers, and removing irrelevant details. For IPCC authors, this involves making hard choices about what to show in the figure and what to leave for the text. Additionally, participants suggested straightforward fixes such as using clear titles, labels, and captions that support the key message. Based on our findings, we present recommendations for the design of climate change figures, and examples of revised figures. These recommendations should be useful for the next round of IPCC reports, and for other organizations that communicate about climate science with policymakers and practitioners.
A framework for reasoning in school mathematics: analyzing the development of mathematical claims
Authors: Valenta Anita , Rø Kirsti , Klock Sigrid Iversen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a framework for analyzing opportunities for mathematical reasoning (MR) in school mathematics, using MR-relevant claims and their derivation as the unit of analysis. We contend that this approach can effectively capture a broad range of opportunities for MR across various teaching situations. The framework, rooted in commognition, entails identifying necessary object-level narratives (NOLs) and the processes involved in their construction and substantiation. After theoretical development, the framework was refined through analyses of mathematics lessons in Norwegian primary school classrooms. Examples from the data illustrate how to utilize the framework in analysis and what such analyses can reveal in four typical teaching situations: the introduction of new mathematical objects, the introduction of procedures, work on exercise tasks, and work on problem-solving tasks. Drawing from the analysis of these examples, we discuss the value of the framework for analyzing MR in school mathematics and how such analysis can benefit teachers and researchers.
Use case cards: a use case reporting framework inspired by the European AI Act
Authors: Hupont Isabelle , Fernández-Llorca David , Baldassarri Sandra , Gómez Emilia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite recent efforts by the Artificial Intelligence (AI) community to move towards standardised procedures for documenting models, methods, systems or datasets, there is currently no methodology focused on use cases aligned with the risk-based approach of the European AI Act (AI Act). In this paper, we propose a new framework for the documentation of use cases that we call use case cards, based on the use case modelling included in the Unified Markup Language (UML) standard. Unlike other documentation methodologies, we focus on the intended purpose and operational use of an AI system. It consists of two main parts: firstly, a UML-based template, tailored to allow implicitly assessing the risk level of the AI system and defining relevant requirements, and secondly, a supporting UML diagram designed to provide information about the system-user interactions and relationships. The proposed framework is the result of a co-design process involving a relevant team of EU policy experts and scientists. We have validated our proposal with 11 experts with different backgrounds and a reasonable knowledge of the AI Act as a prerequisite. We provide the 5 use case cards used in the co-design and validation process. Use case cards allows framing and contextualising use cases in an effective way, and we hope this methodology can be a useful tool for policy makers and providers for documenting use cases, assessing the risk level, adapting the different requirements and building a catalogue of existing usages of AI.
Combination of Lolium perenne L. and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. improve yields under low phosphorus availability
Authors: Velasco-Sánchez Ángel , Ferron Laura M. E. , Mani Doina T. C. , Bennegadi-Laurent Nadia , Trinsoutrot-Gattin Isabelle , Van Groenigen Jan Willem , Moinet Gabriel Y. K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is one of the main nutrients for all plants, including grasses. However, sources of P fertilizer are not renewable, are not evenly distributed and overfertilization can lead to serious environmental degradation. Smart combinations of grasses may be able to more efficiently take up P from soils through complementarity. In a two-year field mesocosm experiment, we compared the performance of Lolium perenne L. and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. in monocultures and in combination, as well as a mixture of both species with a tetraploid variety of Lolium perenne L and Phleum pratense L. Plants were grown in an unfertilized low P soil and in P fertilized soil for two growing seasons. We measured biomass production, root traits, nutrient uptake, microbial biomass and enzymatic activities. In the unfertilized plots the combination of Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea generated the highest cumulative yields (25,951 ± 4059 kg ha−1), relative total yield (> 1) and P nutrition index (0.79). We related this to the complementarity found in root traits and lower intraspecific competition of Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne diploid. Festuca arundinacea produced higher root biomass than Lolium perenne diploid at deeper soil layers (98 vs. 44 g m−2; p < 0.05). On the other hand, Lolium perenne diploid had significantly finer roots than Festuca arundinacea both at topsoil and bottom layers (0.19 vs. 0.22 mm and 0.19 vs. 0.23 mm at top and bottom layers respectively). The 4 species combination did not result in higher yields. Our results show that, in low P soils, combinations of grass species with contrasting root traits could lead to significantly higher yields than monocultures.
An Imperative Responsibility in Professional Role Socialization: Addressing Incivility
Authors: Layne Diana , Hudgins Tracy , Kusch Celena E. , Lounsbury Karen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe study used a thematic analysis to examine student and faculty responses to two qualitative questions focused on their perceptions of the consequence of incivility and solutions that would embed civility expectations as a key element to professional role socialization in higher education. Participants included students and faculty across multiple academic programs and respondent subgroups at a regional university in the southern United States. A new adapted conceptual model using Clark’s in Nursing Education Perspectives, 28(2), 93–97 (2007, revised 2020) Conceptual Model for Fostering Civility in Nursing Education and Daniel Goleman’s in Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam Books (1995) Emotional Intelligence domains was used as the framework for this study to give meaning and context to its findings. For this group of respondents, the study found that seventy percent of faculty and students agree that incivility has the largest impact on the emotional intelligence domain of self-management, which includes negative emotional outcomes, loss of respect, negative professional and student outcomes, poor academic outcomes, attrition, and less success. Leadership in higher education will strengthen their institutions by using a relational approach centered on communication skill-building to ensure that faculty have been socialized to the importance of civil professional behavior and that stakeholders collectively explore and agree on the meaning and organizational integration of civility.
The sugar kelp Saccharina latissima II: Recent advances in farming and applications
Authors: Sæther Maren , Diehl Nora , Monteiro Cátia , Li Huiru , Niedzwiedz Sarina , Burgunter-Delamare Bertille , Scheschonk Lydia , Bischof Kai , Forbord Silje 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe sugar kelp Saccharina latissima has received intense scientific attention over the last decades. In recent years, interest in cultivation of the species has strongly increased in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Eastern Pacific Ocean, driven by the great potential of S. latissima to be utilised for various industrial applications, including food, feed, and biomaterials. Accordingly, current research has focused on improving farming methods and technology, environmental impacts, and site selection. In addition, many studies have investigated the varying chemical composition of S. latissima, extraction of commercially interesting components, and the use of the biomass and its derived components in various applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of farming and applications of S. latissima from the last 15 years. Additional insights on other research topics, such as ecology, physiology, biochemical and molecular biology of S. latissima, are given in the first review, “The sugar kelp Saccharina latissima I: recent advances in a changing climate” (Diehl et al. 2023).
Organic carbon utilisation by the filamentous alga Tribonema
Authors: Liu Jiajun , Crosbie Nicholas D. , Scales Peter J. , Martin Gregory J. O. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFilamentous algae have potential application to wastewater treatment, in particular for efficient recovery of nutrients into biomass. However, supplying inorganic carbon is a major limiting factor. The utilisation of organic carbon present in wastewater may reduce the constraints in carbon supply, however there is little knowledge of mixotrophic growth amongst filamentous algae. This study investigated the utilisation of organic carbon sources relevant to wastewater by the filamentous xanthophyte alga Tribonema. Algae growth was compared in the absence of organic carbon (autotrophic) and in presence of 0.2 g-C L-1 glucose, ethanol or acetate under mixotrophic (presence of organic carbon and light) or heterotrophic (presence of organic carbon and absence of light) conditions. To investigate direct utilisation of organic carbon and indirect utilisation via bacterial CO2-genesis, cultivation was performed under both axenic and non-axenic conditions. Tribonema was found to directly utilise glucose, which increased mixotrophic productivity and maintained growth under heterotrophic conditions. In contrast, acetate was only indirectly utilised mixotrophically in the presence of bacteria, whereas ethanol was not utilised under any conditions. The underlying mechanisms of glucose utilisation by Tribonema were also investigated by analysing its photosynthetic rate and respiration rate under glucose concentrations ranging from 0 – 100 g L-1. Based on the results, enhancements to metabolic pathways and reduced CO2 requirements provided by glucose utilisation were proposed. Despite the positive results with respect to glucose utilisation, out competition for this resource by bacteria suggest that Tribonema is more suitable for treatment of wastewater with low organic carbon concentrations, such as secondary-treated wastewater effluent.
Pore graded borosilicate bioactive glass scaffolds: in vitro dissolution and cytocompatibility
Authors: Szczodra Agata , Houaoui Amel , Salminen Turkka , Hannula Markus , Gobbo Virginia Alessandra , Ghanavati Sonya , Miettinen Susanna , Massera Jonathan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract3D borosilicate bioactive glass (1393B20 and B12.5MgSr) scaffolds were prepared by robocasting, with and without a dense layer at the top. Pore graded scaffolds are promising as they allow for membrane deposition and could limit the risk of soft tissue infiltration. In vitro dissolution was studied in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) and Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). 1393B20 scaffolds dissolved faster than B12.5MgSr in TRIS whereas they dissolved slower in SBF. The difference in dissolution profiles, as a function of the medium used, is assigned to the different rates of precipitation of hydroxyapatite (HA). While the precipitation of calcium phosphate (CaP) in the form of HA, first sign of bioactivity, was confirmed by ICP, FTIR-ATR and SEM-EDX analysis for both compositions, 1393B20 was found to precipitate HA at a faster rate. The presence of a dense top layer did not significantly impact the dissolution rate and CaP precipitation. In vitro cell culture was performed using human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). Prior to cell plating, a preincubation of 3 days was found optimum to prevent burst ion release. In direct contact, cells proliferate and spread on the scaffolds while maintaining characteristic spindle morphology. Cell plated on 1393B20 scaffolds showed increased viability when compared to cell plated on B12.5MgSr. The lower cell viability, when testing B12.5MgSr, was assigned to the depletion of Ca2+ ions from culture medium and higher pH. Static cell culture leads to believe that the scaffold produced from the 1393B20 glass composition are promising in bone regeneration applications.
Graphical Abstract
QGIS-based modeling and analysis of urban dynamics affecting land surface temperature towards climate hazards in coastal zones of Portugal
Authors: Isinkaralar Oznur 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClimate risk creates considerable concern due to the density of natural and socio-economic assets in coastal areas. Monitoring land use/cover changes, detecting population growth, and analyzing their impact on land surface temperature (LST) are necessary for effective urban management. In this study, land use/land cover (LULC), population, and LST changes in coastal regions of Portugal. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery was examined using World Bank population and CORINE data. Changes in land use types and LST values from 1990 to 2018 were analyzed. At the same time, LULC predictions were made using the Modules for Land Use Change Simulation (MOLUSCE) plug-in included in the QGIS software, and population projections were analyzed with LULC predictions in 2046. The results show the significant impact of land use on temperatures. It has been demonstrated that green and water areas can effectively cool cities. In the LULC changes between 1990 and 2018, the Leiria region stands out, with an annual increase of 4.04% in built areas from 121.58 to 259.06 km2. According to the simulations between 2018 and 2046, it was predicted that 18.74% of agricultural areas and 14.43% of forest areas would be transformed into built environments. The study is also essential as it confirms that the MOLUSCE plug-in can be effectively applied to land cover simulation on a large regional scale.
Quine, evidence, and our science
Authors: Kemp Gary 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs is reasonably well-appreciated, Quine struggled with his definition of the all-important notion of an observation sentence; especially in order to make them bear out his commitment to language’s being a ‘social art’. In an earlier article (Mind 131(523):805–825, 2022), I proposed a certain repair, which here I will explain, justify and articulate further. But it also infects the definition of observation categoricals, and furthermore makes it a secondary matter, a seeming afterthought, that evidence, science and knowledge generally are shared—are joint, social and collaborative products. Without forsaking Quine’s strict naturalism, I try to make the necessary adjustments to Quine’s scheme.
The phenotype of recovery XI: associations of sleep quality and perceived stress with discounting and quality of life in substance use recovery
Authors: Yeh Yu-Hua , Zheng Michelle H. , Tegge Allison N. , Athamneh Liqa N. , Freitas-Lemos Roberta , Dwyer Candice L. , Bickel Warren K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Sleep and stress show an interdependent relationship in physiology, and both are known risk factors for relapse in substance use disorder (SUD) recovery. However, sleep and stress are often investigated independently in addiction research. In this exploratory study, the associations of sleep quality and perceived stress with delay discounting (DD), effort discounting (ED), and quality of life (QOL) were examined concomitantly to determine their role in addiction recovery. DD has been proposed as a prognostic indicator of SUD treatment response, ED is hypothesized to be relevant to the effort to overcome addiction, and QOL is an important component in addiction recovery.

Method
An online sample of 118 individuals recovering from SUDs was collected through the International Quit and Recovery Registry. Exhaustive model selection, using the Bayesian Information Criterion to determine the optimal multiple linear model, was conducted to identify variables (i.e., sleep quality, perceived stress, and demographics) contributing to the total variance in DD, ED, and QOL.

Results
After model selection, sleep was found to be significantly associated with DD. Stress was found to be significantly associated with psychological health, social relationships, and environment QOL. Both sleep and stress were found to be significantly associated with physical health QOL. Neither sleep nor stress was supported as an explanatory variable of ED.

Conclusion
Together, these findings suggest sleep and stress contribute uniquely to the process of addiction recovery. Considering both factors when designing interventions and planning for future research is recommended.
Benefit and risk of oral anticoagulant initiation strategies in patients with atrial fibrillation and cancer: a target trial emulation using the SEER-Medicare database
Authors: Truong Bang , Hornsby Lori , Fox Brent , Chou Chiahung , Zheng Jingyi , Qian Jingjing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOral anticoagulants (OACs) are recommended for patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib) having CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 2. However, the benefits of OAC initiation in patients with AFib and cancer at different levels of CHA2DS2-VASc is unknown. We included patients with new AFib diagnosis and a record of cancer (breast, prostate, or lung) from the 2012–2019 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database (n = 39,915). Risks of stroke and bleeding were compared between 5 treatment strategies: (1) initiated OAC when CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 1 (n = 6008), (2) CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 2 (n = 8694), (3) CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 4 (n = 20,286), (4) CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 6 (n = 30,944), and (5) never initiated OAC (reference group, n = 33,907). Confounders were adjusted using inverse probability weighting through cloning-censoring-weighting approach. Weighted pooled logistic regressions were used to estimate treatment effect [hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CIs)]. We found that only patients who initiated OACs at CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 6 had lower risk of stroke compared without OAC initiation (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.54–0.75). All 4 active treatment strategies had reduced risk of bleeding compared to non-initiators, with OAC initiation at CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 6 being the most beneficial strategy (HR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.44–0.55). In patients with lung cancer or regional/metastatic cancer, OAC initiation at any CHA2DS2-VASc level increased risk of stroke and did not reduce risk of bleeding (except for Regimen 4). In conclusion, among cancer patients with new AFib diagnosis, OAC initiation at higher risk of stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 6) is more beneficial in preventing ischemic stroke and bleeding. Patients with advanced cancer or low life-expectancy may initiate OACs when CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 6.
Unlocking high-performance HCl adsorption at elevated temperatures: the synthesis and characterization of robust Ca–Mg–Al mixed oxides
Authors: Cao Jun , Cao Songshan , Zhu Hualun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe presence of HCl and SO2 gas imposes limitations on syngas utilization obtained from household waste in a wide range of applications. The hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLs) have been proved that could remove HCl efficiency. However, the research on impact of synthesis conditions of HTLs and SO2 on HCl removal was limited. In this study, a range of Ca–Mg–Al mixed oxide sorbents was synthesized by calcining HTLs, with variations in crystallization temperature, solution pH, and the Ca/Mg molar ratio. These sorbents were examined for their effectiveness in removing HCl at medium–high temperatures under diverse conditions. The adsorption performance of selected sorbents for the removal of HCl, SO2, and HCl-SO2 mixed gas at temperature of 350 °C, 450 °C, and 550 °C, respectively, was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was observed that the HTL synthesis parameters significantly influenced the HCl adsorption capacity of Ca–Mg–Al mixed oxides. Notably, HTLs synthesized at 60 °C, a solution pH of 10–11, and a Ca/Mg ratio of 4 exhibited superior crystallinity and optimal adsorption characteristics. For individual HCl and SO2 removal, temperature had a minor effect on HCl adsorption but significantly impacted SO2 adsorption rates. At temperatures above 550 °C, SO2 removal efficiency substantially decreased. When exposed to a mixed gas, the Ca–Mg–Al mixed oxides could efficiently remove both HCl and SO2 at temperatures below 550 °C, with HCl dominating the adsorption process at higher temperatures. This dual-action capability is attributed to several mechanisms through which HTL sorbents interacted with HCl, including pore filling, ion exchange, and cation exchange. Initially, HCl absorbed onto specific sites created by water and CO2 removal due to the surface’s polarity. Subsequently, HCl reacted with CaCO3 and CaO formed during HTL decomposition.
Graphical abstract