bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of potato varieties between seasons and their potential for acrylamide formation
Authors: De Meulenaer Bruno , De Wilde Tineke , Mestdagh Frédéric , Govaert Yasmine , Ooghe Wilfried , Fraselle Stéphanie , Demeulemeester Kürt , Van Peteghem Carlos , Calus André , Degroodt Jean‐Marie , Verhé Roland 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Acrylamide is a probable human carcinogen produced during food preparation, including frying of potato products. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of seasonal variation on tuber composition and its acrylamide generation potential.RESULTS: The chemical composition of potato varieties used respectively for French fry (Bintje and Ramos) and crisp (Lady Rosetta and Saturna) production was studied throughout a storage period of 9 months during two growing seasons (2003 and 2004), in addition to their acrylamide generation potential during preparation of French fries. A significant impact of variable climatological conditions on the reducing sugar, dry matter, total free amino acid and free asparagine contents of tubers was observed. Exceptionally warm summers gave rise to a lower reducing sugar content (expressed on a dry matter basis) and thus a lower susceptibility to acrylamide generation during frying.CONCLUSION: It cannot be excluded that potato growers and the potato‐processing industry are confronted with some harvests that are more prone to acrylamide generation than others owing to climatological variability, thus confirming the importance of a multifactorial approach to mitigate acrylamide generation in potato products. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
The Effect of Feed Composition of Styrene and Acrylic Acid on the Properties of Modified Low Density Polyethylene
Authors: Ding Shenglong , Liu Mingzhu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSummary:Low density polyethylene (LDPE) was functionalized with different molar ratios of styrene (St) to acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) in the molten state. The resultant LDPE was characterized by gel content and torque analysis. The results showed that the gel content of polymers grafted with small molar ratios (St/AA = 0.5) was always higher than those grafted with the equimolar St/AA ratio. The effect of DCP amount and AA concentration on the grafting degree of AA was investigated. The suitable DCP amount and AA concentration was obtained. Functionalized LDPE [LDPE‐g‐(AA‐St)] was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), melt flow rate (MFR), water contact angle and capillary rheometry. The results showed that both MFR and grafting degree of AA of LDPE‐g‐(AA‐St) was the highest when an equimolar AA/St ratio was used, but when mixtures of St and AA (St/AA = 1/10) were loaded, the water contact angle of the film prepared from the LDPE‐g‐(AA‐St) was the smallest, which indicated that the hydrophicity of the film surface not only depended on the grafting degree, but also the molar ratios of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic groups.
A comprehensive review of rFVIIa use in a tertiary care pediatric center
Authors: Heller Mariel , Lau Wendy , Pazmino‐Canizares Janneth , Brandão Leonardo R. , Carcao Manuel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundRecombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is a hemostatic agent developed for the treatment of bleeds in patients with hemophilia and inhibitors. Case reports/series document its growing use in patients without hemophilia. Such reports however do not accurately describe the proportion of rFVIIa used for various indications. We sought to document the complete use of rFVIIa at our institution over a 6‐year period (2000–2005).ProcedureUsing a computerized registry documenting all rFVIIa use in our institution a complete list of patients receiving rFVIIa was generated. Clinical data on these patients was obtained through chart review.Results111 patients received 7,016,400 µg of rFVIIa over the 6 years: 23 patients had congenital bleeding disorders (10 patients with hemophilia and inhibitors; 7 with congenital FVII deficiency; 6 with platelet function disorders). These 23 patients (21% of all patients receiving rFVIIa) accounted for 79.9% of all rFVIIa used; patients with hemophilia alone accounted for 68.6%. The 88 patients without a congenital bleeding disorder (79% of all patients using rFVIIa) accounted for 20.1% of rFVIIa used. However their annual use of rFVIIa increased 10‐fold during the 6 years.ConclusionsPatients with hemophilia use massive amounts of rFVIIa repeatedly while patients without hemophilia use rFVIIa infrequently and at smaller doses. The use of rFVIIa in patients without congenital bleeding disorders (all “off‐label” use) is rapidly growing in both number of patients and in total use and has likely significant clinical and economic ramifications. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1013–1017. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Graft versus leukemia effect after haploidentical HSCT in a MLL‐negative infant AML with HLXB9/ETV6 rearrangement
Authors: Hauer Julia , Tosi Sabrina , Schuster Friedhelm R. , Harbott Jochen , Kolb Hans‐Jochem , Borkhardt Arndt 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRecently published data show an extremely poor survival of infants with AML and HLXB9/ETV6 rearrangement which is the fusion, resulting from the translocation t(7;12)(q36;p13). None of the patients reported survived a period of 3 years, including four patients who have received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Herein, we report the clinical course of an 8‐month‐old patient with acute myeloid leukemia, M2 subtype and with a HLXB9/TEL rearrangement. The patient received a haploidentical HSCT in relapse situation without any prior re‐induction. The patient became MRD‐negative over a period of 53 days after HSCT. This case reinforces the potential benefit of a graft‐versus‐leukemia effect in the haploidentical setting even in chemoresistant myeloid leukemias with poor‐prognosis molecular features. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:921–923. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐lasting phosphorescence properties of Mn2+‐doped Cd2Ge7O16 orange light‐emitting phosphor
Authors: Che Guangbo , Li Xiuying , Liu Chunbo , Wang Hang , Liu Yang , Xu Zhanlin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA new phosphor, Cd2Ge7O16:Mn2+, which emits orange‐coloured long‐lasting phosphorescence upon UV light excitation, was prepared by the conventional high‐temperature solid‐state method and its luminescent properties were systematically investigated. X‐ray diffraction, photoluminescence and thermoluminescence spectra and lifetime decay curves were used to characterize the synthesized phosphor. This phosphor is well‐crystallized by calcination at 950 °C for 6 h and shows excellent performance. After irradiation under 258 nm UV light, this phosphor emits a broad band centred at 585 nm and shows obvious long‐lasting phosphorescence. The colour coordinate values of this phosphor are x = 0.56, y = 0.46. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First‐principles simulations of the leakage current in metal–oxide–semiconductor structures caused by oxygen vacancies in HfO2 high‐K gate dielectric
Authors: Mao L. F. , Wang Z. O. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHfO2 high‐K gate dielectric has been used as a new gate dielectric in metal–oxide–semiconductor structures. First‐principles simulations are used to study the effects of oxygen vacancies on the tunneling current through the oxide. A level which is nearly 1.25 eV from the bottom of the conduction band is introduced into the bandgap due to the oxygen vacancies. The tunneling current calculations show that the tunneling currents through the gate oxide with different defect density possess the typical characteristic of stress‐induced leakage current. Further analysis shows that the location of oxygen vacancies will have a marked effect on the tunneling current. The largest increase in the tunneling current caused by oxygen vacancies comes about at the middle oxide field when defects are located at the middle of the oxide. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Denoising aerial gamma‐ray surveying through non‐linear dimensionality reduction
Authors: Ramos Fabio , Dickson Bruce , Kumar Suresh 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of denoising aerial gamma‐ray surveying in mining exploration. Conventional methods for denoising spectral data make strong assumptions about the levels and type of noise which reduces their efficiency. The proposed methodology cast the problem as manifold learning followed by non‐linear regression. The model makes no assumptions about the level and type of noise and performs significantly better than previous techniques on both synthetic and real data. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MARTE: Technology development and lessons learned from a Mars drilling mission simulation
Authors: Cannon Howard N. , Stoker Carol R. , Dunagan Stephen E. , Davis Kiel , Gómez‐Elvira Javier , Glass Brian J. , Lemke Lawrence G. , Miller David , Bonaccorsi Rosalba , Branson Mark , Christa Scott , Rodríguez‐Manfredi José Antonio , Mumm Erik , Paulsen Gale , Roman Matt , Winterholler Alois , Zavaleta Jhony R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe NASA Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE) performed a field test simulating a robotic drilling mission on Mars in September 2005. The experiment took place in Minas de Riotinto in southwestern Spain, a highly relevant Mars analog site. The experiment utilized a 10 m class dry auger coring drill, a robotic core sample handling system, onboard science and life detection instruments, and a borehole inspection probe, all of which were mounted to a simulated lander platform. Much of the operation of the system was automated, and the resulting data were transmitted via satellite to remote science teams for analysis. The science team used the data to characterize the subsurface geology and to search for signs of life. Based on the data being received and operational constraints, the science team also directed the daily operation of the equipment. The experiment was highly successful, with the drill reaching over 6 m in depth in 23 days of simulated mission. The science team analyzed remote sensing data obtained from 28 cores and detected biosignatures in 12 core subsamples. This experiment represents an important first step in understanding the technology and operational requirements for a future Mars drilling mission. In the past there have been numerous rover field tests that have helped guide the design and implementation of the highly successful rover missions to Mars. However, a drilling mission potentially adds a new level of complexity, and it is important to understand the associated challenges. This paper documents the design of the experimental system, highlighting some of the more important design criteria and design trades. It also discusses the results of the field testing and lists some of the key technological lessons learned. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scaling regression inputs by dividing by two standard deviations
Authors: Gelman Andrew 
Published: October 2007

AbstractInterpretation of regression coefficients is sensitive to the scale of the inputs. One method often used to place input variables on a common scale is to divide each numeric variable by its standard deviation. Here we propose dividing each numeric variable by two times its standard deviation, so that the generic comparison is with inputs equal to the mean ±1 standard deviation. The resulting coefficients are then directly comparable for untransformed binary predictors. We have implemented the procedure as a function in R. We illustrate the method with two simple analyses that are typical of applied modeling: a linear regression of data from the National Election Study and a multilevel logistic regression of data on the prevalence of rodents in New York City apartments. We recommend our rescaling as a default option—an improvement upon the usual approach of including variables in whatever way they are coded in the data file—so that the magnitudes of coefficients can be directly compared as a matter of routine statistical practice. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating drug efficacy and viral dynamic parameters: HIV and HCV
Authors: Perelson Alan S. , Ribeiro Ruy M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMathematical models have proven valuable in understanding the in vivo dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1), the virus that causes AIDS, and hepatitis C virus (HCV), the virus that causes hepatitis C infection. By comparing mathematical models with the data obtained from patients being treated with antiviral drugs, it has been possible to determine many quantitative features of these infections. The most dramatic finding has been that even though AIDS and hepatitis C are diseases that occur on a timescale of one or more decades, there are very rapid dynamical processes that occur on timescales of hours to days, as well as slower processes that occur on timescales of weeks to months. We show how dynamical modeling and parameter estimation techniques have uncovered these important features of HIV and HCV infection and subsequently impacted the way in which patients are treated with potent antiviral drugs. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information advantages of large institutional owners
Authors: Schnatterly Karen , Shaw Kenneth W. , Jennings William W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe study the relation between the percentage of outstanding shares held by a firm's largest institutional owner and the bid–ask spread on that firm's shares, a measure of information risk. We find that the greater the percentage of shares held by the largest institutional investor, the greater the bid–ask spread in share prices. In contrast, the percentage of shares held by smaller institutional owners is related to lower bid–ask spreads. The results imply that only the largest of a firm's institutional owners—and no other institutional owner—is perceived to hold an information advantage. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knowledge transfer and international joint ventures: the case of NUMMI and General Motors
Authors: Inkpen Andrew C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractUsing a case study of NUMMI, a joint venture between General Motors (GM) and Toyota, this research note examines alliances and knowledge transfer with a focus on the organizational processes used to transfer knowledge. The results suggest two possible explanations for the knowledge transfer outcome. The primary explanation is that the systematic implementation of knowledge transfer mechanisms can overcome the stickiness and causal ambiguity of new knowledge. A second explanation is that creating successful knowledge transfer should be viewed from a change management perspective in which trial and error learning experiences and experimentation support the transfer outcome. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impacts of temperature on the leaching of organotin compounds from poly(vinyl chloride) plastics—A study conducted under simulated landfill conditions
Authors: Björn Annika , Hörsing Maritha , Karlsson Anna , Mersiowsky Ivo , Ejlertsson Jörgen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate whether organotin‐stabilized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) products could contribute to the pool of organotins observed in landfill leachates, and if the possible release could be related to different temperatures and landfill degradation phases. Small‐scale anaerobic reactors filled with generic household waste, a mixture of inocula, and different PVC plastics were used in the study and incubated at 20, 37, 55, and 70°C. The reactor units incubated at temperatures of 20–55°C underwent the anaerobic degradation phases that are characteristic for the aging of landfilled waste material. There were, however, differences in the duration of the phases as well as in the total biogas production among the units. Under methanogenic conditions greater losses of organotin compounds were observed as compared to acidogenic conditions. It was shown that the release of organotin stabilizers increases considerably at temperatures above the glass transition of the PVC products. A dealkylation from di‐ into monoalkyltin species was observed, as well as a possible methylation of inorganic tin. However, the main part of the organotins was adsorbed into the solid waste matrix. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:176–188, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
How to prepare a power system for 15% wind energy penetration: the Portuguese case study
Authors: Estanqueiro Ana , Castro Rui , Flores Pedro , Ricardo João , Pinto Medeiros , Rodrigues Reis , Lopes J. Peças 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe 2001/77/CE Renewable Energies European Directive together with Kyoto Protocol ratification supported by a government vision and strong objective on the reduction of external oil dependence put Portugal in the front line to achieve one of the highest wind energy penetrations within 10 years' time. This paper gives a summarized overview of the Portuguese technical approaches and methodologies followed in order to plan and accommodate the ambitious wind power goals to 2010/2013, preserving the overall quality of the power system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is Surgery Indicated for Patients with Symptomatic Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor and Unresectable Hepatic Metastases?
Authors: Hung Ji‐Shiang , Chang Ming‐Chu , Lee Po‐Huang , Tien Yu‐Wen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundPatients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, even in the presence of unresectable hepatic metastases, have survival usually measured in years than in months. Theoretically, we would have reason to resect symptomatic primary pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from these patients palliatively. However, the effect and feasibility of removing symptomatic primary pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in patients with unresectable hepatic metastases has never been addressed.MethodsIn 2000, we instituted a prospective study to resect symptomatic primary tumors and treat unresectable hepatic metastases by lanreotide and hepatic artery embolization in patients with definite tissue proof of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.ResultsThirteen patients were included in this study; seven patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, and six underwent distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. There were no operative deaths. Eight of thirteen patients had no radiologic evidence of disease progression. The other five patients had disease progression by their 6‐month follow‐up; they underwent hepatic artery chemoembolization or chemotherapy. One patient died of multiple lung and bone metastases 80 months after operation, and one patient died of continuous progression of liver metastases 18 months after operation. Telephone interviews of 11 patients who survived revealed that 10 reported improved quality of life after resection of symptomatic primary pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and one patient reported no change.ConclusionsWe suggest that symptomatic primary pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors should be resected even when unresectable hepatic metastases are found at diagnosis because of the relatively low risk of pancreatic surgery, effective elimination of symptoms caused by primary tumors, and slow progression of hepatic metastases under lanreotide and hepatic artery embolization.
Unsuccessful treatment attempt: Cord blood stem cell transplantation in a patient with Niemann–Pick disease type A
Authors: Morel C. F. , Gassas A. , Doyle J. , Clarke J. T. R. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryNiemann–Pick disease type A (NP‐A; OMIM 257200) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of acid sphingomyelinase and resulting in accumulation of sphingomyelin, unesterified cholesterol, and other complex lipids in many tissues. It is characterized by failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative course culminating in death by 3 years of age. There is no known effective treatment. We report the case of a prenatally diagnosed girl who underwent cord blood stem cell transplantation (CBSCT) at 3 months of age. She was neurologically intact at the time of CBSCT. Hepatosplenomegaly, was detected at 6 weeks of age; the splenomegaly resolved following CBSCT. Recovery was complicated by graft‐versus‐host disease. She subsequently developed and continues to show marked global developmental delay, generalized hypotonia, and signs of neurological regression, despite continued engraftment. Bilateral cherry red spots were detected at 10 months of age, 7 months post‐CBSCT. Although she is doing better than her affected brother, she shows little overall benefit from CBSCT.
Surface and Biological Activity of Organoammonium Hydrogen Selenite Surfactants
Authors: Badawi Abdelfattah M. , Mekawi Mohamed Ahmed , Mohamed M. Z. , Mohamed A. S. , Khowdairy M. M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this article we show steps taken toward the development of bactericidal and fungicidal synthetic cationic surfactants by the reaction of decyl, dodecyl or tetradecyl amine with selenious acid to produce a series of quaternary ammonium salts which consequently converted to copper and cobalt cationic complexes via complexing them with copper (II) or cobalt (II) ions. Surface properties of these surfactants were investigated. The surface properties studies included critical micelle concentration (CMC), maximum surface excess (Γmax) and minimum surface area (Amin). Free energy of micellization () and adsorption () were calculated. The antimicrobial activity was determined via the inhibition zone diameter of the prepared compounds measured against five strains of a representative group of microorganisms. FTIR spectra, elemental analyses and 1 H‐NMR spectra were obtained to insure the purity of the prepared compounds
Δ6 Desaturase mRNA Abundance in HepG2 Cells Is Suppressed by Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Portolesi Roxanne , Powell Barry C. , Gibson Robert A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe effect of unsaturated fatty acids on the abundance of Δ6 desaturase (D6D) mRNA and the fatty acid composition of HepG2 cell membranes was examined. Supplementation of HepG2 cells with oleic acid (18:1n‐9, OA), linoleic acid (18:2n‐6, LA), α‐linolenic acid (18:3n‐3, ALA), arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6, AA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3, EPA) reduced D6D mRNA abundance by 39 ± 6.6, 40 ± 2.2, 31 ± 5.2, 55 ± 4.8, and 52 ± 5.0%, respectively, compared with control cells. Despite the reduction in D6D mRNA abundance, the level of D6D conversion products (20:3n‐9, EPA and AA) in OA, ALA and LA supplemented cells, respectively, was elevated above that in control cells. Our results suggest that although unsaturated fatty acids decrease the abundance of D6D mRNA by as much as 50%, the conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids and accumulation of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in HepG2 cell phospholipids continues to occur.