bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical and radial distribution of atomic carbon in HD 163296
Authors: Urbina F. , Miley J. , Kama M. , Keyte L. 
Published: March 2024

Context. In protoplanetary disks, atomic carbon is expected to originate from the photo dissociation region at the disk surface where CO is dissociated by ultraviolet (UV) photons coming from the stellar, or external interstellar, radiation field. Even though atomic carbon has been detected in several protoplanetary disks, there is a lack of spatially resolved observations of it.
Aims. For the HD 163296 protoplanetary disk, we aim to obtain both the radial and vertical structure of [CI] = 3P1 − 3P0 line emission and perform the first direct comparison of this tracer with the optically thick line emission 12CO J = 2 − 1.
Methods. We used archival ALMA data for [CI] = 3P1 − 3P0 and previously published12 CO J = 2 − 1 data in HD 163296. Through the disksurf software, we extracted the vertical structure; meanwhile, we obtained the radial profiles directly from imaging. Brand new DALI modeling was employed to perform a direct comparison with the data.
Results. We find that these tracers are colocated radially but not vertically, where the 12CO J = 2 − 1 emission is, on average, located at higher altitudes, as is also the case for other tracers in the same disk.
Conclusions. Due to this difference in the vertical height of the emission, the optically thick 12CO J = 2 − 1 emission line appears to trace the highest altitudes, despite the expected formation mechanism of [CI] in the disk. The latter phenomena may be due to efficient mixing of the upper layers of the disk, or UV photons penetrating deeper than we expected.
Non-evolutionary effects on period change in Magellanic Cepheids
Authors: Rathour Rajeev Singh , Hajdu Gergely , Smolec Radosław , Karczmarek Paulina , Hocdé Vincent , Ziółkowska Oliwia , Soszyński Igor , Udalski Andrzej 
Published: March 2024

Context. Period change studies offer a novel way to probe the evolution and dynamics of Cepheids. While evolutionary period changes have been well studied both observationally and theoretically, non-evolutionary period changes lack a systematic and quantitative description. Here, we deal with one such aspect of non-evolutionary period changes related to a crucial property, namely, the binarity-based nature of a Cepheid. With the advent of long-term photometry surveys covering Magellanic fields, the census of classical Cepheids in binary (or multiple) systems outside the Milky Way is timely. This may have implications for crucial aspects such as the period-luminosity relationship calibrations and our understanding of the nature of Cepheid companions.
Aims. The overall objective is to have a quantitative understanding of the full picture of non-evolutionary period changes in Cepheids to develop a formalism to disentangle it from the secular evolutionary period change. In the first paper in the series, we aim to conduct a systematic search for non-evolutionary period changes to look for Cepheids in likely binary configurations and quantify their incidence rates in the Magellanic Clouds.
Methods. We collected more than a decade-long time-series photometry from the publicly available, Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) survey, with more than 7200 Cepheids altogether from the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Our sample contains both fundamental-mode and first-overtone mode Cepheids. Then, we calculate d the observed minus calculated (O–C) diagrams to reveal the light-travel time effect (LTTE). Finally, we calculated the minimum companion masses of the Cepheids and compared them with the predictions from Cepheid population synthesis results.
Results. In our search, out of an overall sample of more than 7200 Cepheids, we found 52 candidate Cepheid binary systems in the LMC (30 fundamental and 22 first-overtone mode) and 145 in the SMC (85 fundamental and 60 first-overtone mode). The majority of the sample is characterized by orbital periods of 2000–4000 d and eccentricities of 0.2–0.5. Moreover, we report two candidates in each galaxy with the Cepheid likely existing with a giant companion. The incidence rate ratio for SMC to LMC calculated from our sample is in agreement with binary Cepheid population synthesis predictions.
Conclusions. In our attempt to quantify the non-evolutionary period change connected with the LTTE, our systematic search has enriched the Cepheid binary sample by a factor of about 2 in both galaxies. The future spectroscopic follow-up can confirm the binarity nature of our sample and constrain the orbital parameters.
Gibt es eine Indikation zur Lokaltherapie des mHSPC?
Authors: Rieger Constantin , Pfister David , Hollmann Jonathan , Papachristofilou Alexandros 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Beim metastasierten hormonsensitiven Prostatakarzinom (mHSPC) bestehen prinzipiell 2 mögliche Indikationen für eine Lokaltherapie des Primärtumors oder von Metastasen: Die Linderung oder Vermeidung von Symptomen und Komplikationen sowie eine Verbesserung des Krankheitsverlaufs, idealerweise mit einer Anhebung des Gesamtüberlebens und der Lebensqualität der Patienten.

Eine Lokaltherapie des mHSPC kann die systemische Therapie nicht ersetzen, sondern lediglich ergänzen. In diesem Beitrag werden die urologische und die radioonkologische Sicht zur Lokaltherapie des mHSPC dargelegt.
Der Säuglingsfuß in der osteopathischen Praxis
Authors: Rossi Sonja , Taubner Aurelia 
Published: March 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Differenzialdiagnostik am Säuglingsfuß ist komplex. Eine systematische
Untersuchung führt zur richtigen Diagnose und zu geeigneten Therapieverfahren. Das
vorgestellte Protokoll sichert die Qualität der interdisziplinären Arbeit.
Das GRADE-System und die Bewertung der Evidenz
Authors: Franke Helge 
Published: March 2024

„The Only Constant in Life Is Change.“ HeraclitusEvidenz ist in aller Munde und dies nicht nur im Rahmen der Evidence-based
Medicine. Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten basiert auf Evidenz, eine
wissenschaftliche Sichtweise ist ohne Evidenz nicht möglich. Aber was bedeutet
eigentlich Evidenz im Therapiekontext und wie wird sie gemessen und was bedeutet
dabei der GRADE-Ansatz?
Molekulare Testung des Prostatakarzinoms: wann, wie und mit welcher Konsequenz?
Authors: von Amsberg Gunhild , Paulsen Finn-Ole 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Das metastasierte Prostatakarzinom ist eine heterogene Erkrankung. Bislang basiert die Behandlungsentscheidung meist auf der Tumorausdehnung und -symptomlast, Begleiterkrankungen und dem Patientenwunsch. Molekularpathologische Aspekte fließen nur selten ein.

Kostenrückgang und zunehmende Verbreitung des Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) haben zu einer Zunahme der molekularen Testung und einem besseren Verständnis der Bedeutung molekularer Alterationen für die Entstehung und Ausbreitung des Prostatakarzinoms geführt. Eine konsequentere Testung konstitutioneller Genveränderungen („Keimbahntestung“) deckt hereditäre Prädispositionen auf. Nach der Zulassung von Olaparib zur Therapie BRCA1/2 mutierter, kastrationsresistenter Prostatakarzinome befinden sich weitere zielgerichtete Therapieansätze in der Entwicklung.

In unserem Übersichtsartikel geben wir einen Überblick zur aktuellen molekularen Testung beim Prostatakarzinom und diskutieren mögliche Konsequenzen.
Neueste Erkenntnisse zum myelodysplastischen Syndrom
Authors: Petzer Verena , Wolf Dominik 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Neuerungen – Klassifikation und Prognose Die WHO-2016-Klassifikation wurde durch die ICC und die Klassifikation der WHO 2022 abgelöst. Die beiden Klassifikationen weisen viele Ähnlichkeiten auf; den größten Unterschied stellt der Blastengrenzwert dar. Seit 2022 steht der IPSS-M, der molekulare Aberrationen berücksichtigt, zur Verfügung und verbessert im Vergleich zum IPSS-R die Prognosegenauigkeit für das progressionsfreie Überleben und das Gesamtüberleben. Somit soll eine optimierte therapeutische Entscheidungsfindung ermöglicht werden.
Neuerungen – Therapie 2020 wurde Luspatercept für transfusionsabhängige Patient*innen mit Ringsideroblasten ± einer SF3B1-Mutation zugelassen. Rezent konnte die Überlegenheit von Luspatercept in der ersten Linie gegenüber EPO gezeigt werden. Mit Imetelstat können wir in Zukunft ggf. eine neue Zweitlinientherapie für LR-MDS-Patient*innen nach Versagen von EPO anbieten. Für High-Risk-Patient*innen ist die Therapie mit Azacitidin weiterhin der Therapiestandard – die Ergebnisse der Phase-III-Studien der Kombinationstherapien müssen abgewartet werden.
Diätetische Ansätze in der Tumortherapie
Authors: Leven Anna-Sophia , Eisenburger Robin Tamara , Espelage Lena , Tasdogan Alpaslan 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge der personalisierten Medizin gewinnen bei Tumorerkrankungen patientenindividuelle Faktoren wie persönliche Ernährungsmuster, der Lebensstil, das intestinale Mikrobiom oder das Geschlecht immer mehr an Bedeutung. Neben anderen Tumorentitäten erlangt auch beim malignen Melanom die Ernährung einen zunehmenden Stellenwert. Durch die Einführung der immun- und zielgerichteten Therapien konnte die Mortalität zwar deutlich gesenkt werden, jedoch zeigt sich ein sehr heterogenes Therapieansprechen. Folglich ist das Bestreben groß, alternative oder unterstützende Faktoren für ein besseres Therapieansprechen zu identifizieren. Präklinische Studien konnten bereits positive Effekte diätetischer Interventionen auf eine Immuntherapie und in der Folge auf das Therapieansprechen zeigen. Z.T. konnte das Ansprechen auf eine Immuntherapie sogar wiederhergestellt werden. Dabei wird angenommen, dass der Zellmetabolismus durch eine bestimmte Nährstoffaufnahme „umprogrammiert“ werden kann. Um diese präklinischen Daten auf die Klinik zu transferieren, werden im Rahmen von klinischen Studien diätetische Interventionen in Kombination mit etablierten Tumortherapien untersucht und dabei deren Auswirkungen auf den Metabolismus der Tumor- und Immunzellen analysiert.
Understanding the GABAA Receptor: Implications for Anesthesia and Beyond
Authors: Durga Padmaja , Singham Geetha , Baradaa Anupama 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a nonpeptide amino acid transmitter, is a major component of modern neuropharmacology and one of the most crucial target sites for general anesthetics and therapeutic drugs. GABA type A receptors (GABAARs) are the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system. They are part of the rapid-acting, ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) receptor category, a pentameric Cys-loop superfamily member that mediates inhibitory neurotransmission in the mature brain. GABAARs mainly consist of two α subunits, two β subunits, and one additional subunit from either γ or δ arranged around a central chloride (Cl-) selective channel. Multiple GABAAR subunit subtypes and splice variants have been identified. Each variant of GABAAR exhibits distinct biophysical and pharmacologic properties. Several compounds allosterically modulate the GABAAR positively or negatively. The widely used positive GABAAR modulators include benzodiazepines (anxiolytic and anticonvulsant), general anesthetics (volatile agents like isoflurane, and intravenous agents like barbiturates, etomidate, and propofol), long-chain alcohols, some anticonvulsants, and neuroactive steroids. The binding sites for each drug are distinctly different. The anesthetic drugs enhance receptor-mediated synaptic transmission and thus interrupt the thalamocortical transmission, which controls the sleep–wake patterns. Abnormality in the GABAAR function has been implicated in several neurological conditions, such as sleep disorders, seizures, depression, cognitive function, neurological recovery after injury, and neuroplasticity. Understanding the GABAAR lays the foundation for the development of highly specific drugs in the treatment of neurological disorders and general anesthesia.
The evaluation for plasma noise in arbitrary time-delay interferometry combinations
Authors: Zhao Xin-Lei , Wang Pan-Pan , Shao Cheng-Gang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The laser interferometer space antenna (LISA) uses laser interferometry to measure gravitational wave-induced distance changes between freely falling test masses on separate spacecraft. In practice, the space-borne gravitational wave detector operates in a plasma medium, and subsequently, the variations in electron density affect the refractive index and add displacement noise to measurements. Geometric time-delay interferometry (TDI) is the TDI combinations searched by geometric method, which is employed to mitigate overwhelming laser phase noise. This study explores all forty-five second-generation geometric TDI combinations up to sixteen links, analyzing plasma noise effects via power spectral density and cross-spectral density calculations for different optical links. Our findings reveal that plasma noise can exceed the noise floor, which comprises optical metrology system and test mass acceleration noise, in certain low-frequency regions due to different noise transfer behaviors. Further, we establish electron density requirements for various TDI combinations, showing that densities below

100

cm

−
3

/

Hz

@

10

mHz

satisfy LISA’s criteria across all forty-five combinations. This allows for optimized TDI selection based on specific plasma densities.
Muon-induced nuclear magnetic moments in spinless muonic atoms: a simple estimate
Authors: Beyer K A , Oreshkina N S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In an attempt to address the long-standing fine-structure puzzle in heavy muonic atoms we investigate the magnetic interaction between a nucleus and its bound muon. A simple estimate shows that the effect is only noticeable for unrealistic nuclear parameters. A further investigation as to the relation of this effect to nuclear polarisation (NP) identifies the interaction as the magnetic dipole part of NP. Motivated by the relative closeness of this simple estimate to rigorous evaluations of NP, we extract effective values for the nuclear magnetic polarisability, a quantity otherwise unknown for all but the lightest nuclei.
Optical and dielectric properties of divalent copper based double perovskite compound, Gd2CuTiO6
Authors: Saha Papiya , Nithya R , Sarguna R M , Sen Sujoy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this work, we have investigated high temperature dielectric properties and room temperature optical properties on rare earth ion based orthorhombic Gd2CuTiO6 (GCTO). Optical properties like reflectance and band gap were determined from ultra-violet visible (UV–Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy technique and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The compound exhibited substantial optical absorption and emission in the visible region. Our findings reveal the presence of an intermediate band, as evidenced by the difference between the band gap values obtained from the Tauc plot using the diffuse reflectance spectrum (3.07 eV) and the PL spectrum (2.4 eV). Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated high thermal stability with <0.4% change in mass over a wide temperature range of 30 °C–1200 °C in air environment. Moreover, lead-halide free compound, GCTO is highly thermally stable oxide double perovskite with wide band gap and absorption in the UV–Vis range are highly suitable for optical applications In addition, dielectric properties of the compound have been examined using impedance spectroscopy as a function of frequency ranging from 500 Hz to 1 MHz and temperature between 300 K and 550 K. Compounds with relaxor behaviour at high temperatures and high thermal stability are desired for several applications. Because of the cation disorders present in this compound, GCTO displays dielectric relaxor behaviour indicative of a distribution of relaxation times. Furthermore, the frequency-dependent modulus illustrated a thermally activated conduction mechanism. Cole–Cole plots of electrical modulus suggest prominent grain contribution above 350 K.
Predicting treatment plan approval probability for high-dose-rate brachytherapy of cervical cancer using adversarial deep learning
Authors: Gao Yin , Gonzalez Yesenia , Nwachukwu Chika , Albuquerque Kevin , Jia Xun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Predicting the probability of having the plan approved by the physician is important for automatic treatment planning. Driven by the mathematical foundation of deep learning that can use a deep neural network to represent functions accurately and flexibly, we developed a deep-learning framework that learns the probability of plan approval for cervical cancer high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT). Approach. The system consisted of a dose prediction network (DPN) and a plan-approval probability network (PPN). DPN predicts organs at risk (OAR) D
2cc
and CTV D
90% of the current fraction from the patient’s current anatomy and prescription dose of HDRBT. PPN outputs the probability of a given plan being acceptable to the physician based on the patients anatomy and the total dose combining HDRBT and external beam radiotherapy sessions. Training of the networks was achieved by first training them separately for a good initialization, and then jointly via an adversarial process. We collected approved treatment plans of 248 treatment fractions from 63 patients. Among them, 216 plans from 54 patients were employed in a four-fold cross validation study, and the remaining 32 plans from other 9 patients were saved for independent testing. Main results. DPN predicted equivalent dose of 2 Gy for bladder, rectum, sigmoid D
2cc
and CTV D
90% with a relative error of 11.51% ± 6.92%, 8.23% ± 5.75%, 7.12% ± 6.00%, and 10.16% ± 10.42%, respectively. In a task that differentiates clinically approved plans and disapproved plans generated by perturbing doses in ground truth approved plans by 20%, PPN achieved accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve 0.70, 0.74, 0.65, and 0.74. Significance. We demonstrated the feasibility of developing a novel deep-learning framework that predicts a probability of plan approval for HDRBT of cervical cancer, which is an essential component in automatic treatment planning.
A cardiac MRI motion artifact reduction method based on edge enhancement network
Authors: Jiang Nanhe , Zhang Yucun , Li Qun , Fu Xianbin , Fang Dongqing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) usually requires a long acquisition time. The movement of the patients during MRI acquisition will produce image artifacts. Previous studies have shown that clear MR image texture edges are of great significance for pathological diagnosis. In this paper, a motion artifact reduction method for cardiac MRI based on edge enhancement network is proposed. Firstly, the four-plane normal vector adaptive fractional differential mask is applied to extract the edge features of blurred images. The four-plane normal vector method can reduce the noise information in the edge feature maps. The adaptive fractional order is selected according to the normal mean gradient and the local Gaussian curvature entropy of the images. Secondly, the extracted edge feature maps and blurred images are input into the de-artifact network. In this network, the edge fusion feature extraction network and the edge fusion transformer network are specially designed. The former combines the edge feature maps with the fuzzy feature maps to extract the edge feature information. The latter combines the edge attention network and the fuzzy attention network, which can focus on the blurred image edges. Finally, extensive experiments show that the proposed method can obtain higher peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index measure compared to state-of-art methods. The de-artifact images have clear texture edges.
Combining quantitative and qualitative analysis for scoring pleural line in lung ultrasound
Authors: Xing Wenyu , He Chao , Ma Yebo , Liu Yiman , Zhu Zhibin , Li Qingli , Li Wenfang , Chen Jiangang , Ta Dean 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Accurate assessment of pleural line is crucial for the application of lung ultrasound (LUS) in monitoring lung diseases, thereby aim of this study is to develop a quantitative and qualitative analysis method for pleural line. Approach. The novel cascaded deep learning model based on convolution and multilayer perceptron was proposed to locate and segment the pleural line in LUS images, whose results were applied for quantitative analysis of textural and morphological features, respectively. By using gray-level co-occurrence matrix and self-designed statistical methods, eight textural and three morphological features were generated to characterize the pleural lines. Furthermore, the machine learning-based classifiers were employed to qualitatively evaluate the lesion degree of pleural line in LUS images. Main results. We prospectively evaluated 3770 LUS images acquired from 31 pneumonia patients. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed pleural line extraction and evaluation methods all have good performance, with dice and accuracy of 0.87 and 94.47%, respectively, and the comparison with previous methods found statistical significance (P < 0.001 for all). Meanwhile, the generalization verification proved the feasibility of the proposed method in multiple data scenarios. Significance. The proposed method has great application potential for assessment of pleural line in LUS images and aiding lung disease diagnosis and treatment.
A recurrence model capturing interface traps for non-zero bandgap GFETs towards dynamic mimicking of synaptic plasticity
Authors: Chandrasekar L , Raja Shaik Rameez , Rajakumari V , Pradhan K P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper primarily focusses on developing an analytical model with a non-zero bandgap of boron (B)/nitrogen (N) substitution doped graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) to mimic the synaptic behaviour. The trap charges at the channel and gate-insulator interface are utilized to induce the hysteresis conduction mechanism, which is further exploited to accomplish synaptic plasticity. The proposed recurrence, that is the time-dependent trap drain current model, accurately captures the physical insights of trap charges using an equivalent metal–insulator–graphene model. An interesting feature of the proposed model is that it is compatible with both the doped (B/N) and the undoped GFETs. The model is also investigated to generate the hysteresis characteristics of the GFET that are further utilized to simulate the synaptic behaviour. Another fact that must be noticed is the existence of complete OFF regions for doped B/N GFETs, unlike the undoped case, which manifest undesirable ambipolar behaviour. The synapse made up of B/N-doped GFETs predicts an optimistic learning and memory mechanism, termed as spike time-dependent plasticity (STDP). The STDP characteristics of B/N doped synaptic GFETs have been enhanced by more than 18 × compared to artificial synapses made of undoped GFETs. Hence, the hysteresis behaviour along with the non-zero bandgap of B/N substitution doped GFETs makes them highly favourable for the dynamic mimicking of synaptic plasticity to be efficiently biologically plausible.