bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meta‐analysis of the neuropsychological sequelae of chemotherapy‐only treatment for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Peterson Catherine C. , Johnson Courtney E. , Ramirez Lisa Y. , Huestis Samantha , Pai Ahna L.H. , Demaree Heath A. , Drotar Dennis 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundMixed findings on the neuropsychological sequelae of chemotherapy‐only treatment for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), without radiation, indicate the need for a comprehensive meta‐analytic review. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a meta‐analysis assessing neuropsychological and academic functioning differences between children with ALL treated solely with chemotherapy and comparison groups.ProcedureThirteen articles met inclusion criteria for the meta‐analysis and were analyzed using a random effects model, weighted least squares methods.ResultsMean effect sizes were significantly different from zero for multiple domains of intelligence and academic achievement; processing speed; verbal memory; and some aspects of executive functioning and fine motor skills, indicating worse functioning in ALL survivors. Effect sizes for visual‐motor skills and visual memory were not significantly different from zero.ConclusionsResults support the presence of neuropsychological and academic sequelae for ALL survivors treated solely with chemotherapy and highlight the need for ongoing follow‐up of children with ALL using a standardized neuropsychological test battery and research methodology. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:99–104. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing the effect of beauty treatments on psychological distress, body image, and coping: a longitudinal study of patients undergoing surgical procedures for breast cancer
Authors: Quintard Bruno , Lakdja Fabrice 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIntroduction: Women with breast cancer may have significant problems adjusting to disease and therapy due to their association with significant changes in body image and sexuality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of beauty treatments in combination with routine cancer care.Methods: One hundred women with breast cancer were randomly assigned to a group receiving beauty treatments during hospitalization or a control group. Psychological distress, body image and coping were assessed twice during the hospitalization period: the day before surgery (baseline) and 6 days later (Time 1). A follow‐up assessment was performed three months later (Time 2).Results: Three months after surgery, patients who had received beauty treatments reported higher body‐image scores than the control group, but there was no effect in psychological distress. Helplessness/hopelessness increased over time in the control group but not in the group receiving beauty treatments.Conclusion: Overall, this study provides evidence of the usefulness of beauty treatments for breast‐cancer patients, in combination with routine care. Although these treatments did not seem to alleviate psychological distress directly, they had a beneficial impact on body image and may strengthen patients' social support and self‐esteem. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adolescent's stress responses and psychological functioning when a parent has early breast cancer
Authors: Edwards L. , Watson M. , St. James‐Roberts I. , Ashley S. , Tilney C. , Brougham B. , Osborn T. , Baldus C. , Romer G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjective: To identify factors associated with psychological functioning in adolescent children of early‐stage breast cancer patients.Method: Adolescents' self‐reported psychological functioning using the Child Behaviour Checklist (YSR), Mental Health subscale of the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ‐MH) and Child Impact of Events (C‐IES) scale. The Family Assessment Device (FAD) and the Family Environment Scale (FES cohesion subscale) assessed family functioning. Maternal depression was assessed on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and quality of life using the SF8. Using a cross‐sectional within‐groups design, assessments were obtained for 56 adolescents of 11–17 years.Results: High rates of stress were found (C‐IES) in 33% males and 45% females. Thirty percent of adolescents reported psychological problems (YSR) (28% males and 32% females) when compared with published norms. Poor family functioning was linked with YSR internalising and externalising problems; poor family cohesion with higher externalising and total YSR psychological problems. Maternal depression was linked with adolescent‐reported internalising problems.Conclusions: When mothers have breast cancer, a substantial minority of their adolescent children have psychological and stress response‐related problems linked with poor family functioning. These results argue in favour of a family‐oriented approach to psychological support of breast cancer patients. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A recombinant form of chagasin from Trypanosoma cruzi: inhibitory activity on insect cysteine proteinases
Authors: dos Santos Monteiro Ana Carolina , de Oliveira Neto Osmundo Brilhante , Del Sarto Rafael Perseghini , de Magalhães Mariana Torquato Q , Lima Janaina Nascimento , Lacerda Ariane Ferreira , Oliveira Raquel Sampaio , Scharfstein Julio , da Silva Maria Cristina Mattar , Valencia Jorge W Arboleda , Jiménez Arnubio Valencia , Grossi‐de‐Sa Maria Fatima 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:The activity of the major digestive cysteine proteinase detected in the intestinal tract of larvae of the bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say), was efficiently inhibited by the well‐characterized cysteine proteinase synthetic inhibitor E‐64 and also by a recombinant form of chagasin (r‐chagasin), a tight‐binding cysteine proteinase inhibitor protein from Trypanosoma cruzi.RESULTS:Incorporation of r‐chagasin into an artificial diet system at 0.1 g kg−1 retarded growth rate, decreased larval survival and led to complete mortality of A. obtectus at the end of the trial. The observed differences in growth rates occurred particularly in the first and second development stages. Artificial seeds containing high levels of r‐chagasin (0.5–30 g kg−1) completely inhibited larval penetration.CONCLUSION:Together, the results reported in this paper support the hypothesis that the inhibitory activity of r‐chagasin towards the major insect gut cysteine proteinase in vitro and in vivo is an accurate prediction of its insecticidal effects. The selectivity of this inhibitor against insect digestive proteinases supports the key role in parasite virulence by affecting the endogenous proteinase activity in its natural host. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Theory of laser cooling of semiconductor quantum wells
Authors: Rupper G. , Kwong N. H. , Gu B. , Binder R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe present a microscopic many‐body theory of laser cooling of semiconductor quantum wells. The cooling mechanism is the upconversion of pump photons through absorption and subsequent luminescence by an electron–hole–exciton mixture maintained at steady state in the quantum well. Assuming this Coulomb plasma to be in quasi‐thermal equilibrium, our theory calculates its absorption/luminescence spectra within a diagrammatic (real‐time) Green's function approach at the self‐consistent T‐matrix level. These spectra are used in a cooling threshold analysis for GaAs quantum wells that also takes into account other losses into heat. We compare the present results with previous ones obtained for bulk GaAs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polariscopic imaging and vibrational characterization of hybrid films for packaging
Authors: Marino Iari‐Gabriel , Lottici Pier Paolo , Razzetti Carlo , Montenero Angelo , Rocchetti Marco , Toselli Maurizio , Marini Michele , Pilati Francesco 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPolymeric films (low‐density polyethylene and oriented polypropylene) for packaging applications coated with organic–inorganic nanocomposite hybrids have been prepared by sol‐gel process. Tetraethoxysilane and two different organic phases, polyvinyl alcohol and a diblock copolymer polyethylene‐polyethylene glycol were used as precursors. Information about the hydrolysis and polycondensation degrees was obtained by investigating the vibrational features of the coatings by means of attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies. Through a new polariscopic imaging technique, the bi‐dimensional maps of the optical anisotropy of the samples, both as‐prepared and under mechanical strain, were obtained. The maps showed inhomogeneous retardation and nearly flat azimuth distributions. The anisotropy properties of the samples depended mainly on the substrates and were not influenced by the coatings, while the optical transmission was slightly better for the tetraethoxysilane‐polyvinyl alcohol sample. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical study of three catastrophic precipitating events over southern France. II: Mesoscale triggering and stationarity factors
Authors: Ducrocq V. , Nuissier O. , Ricard D. , Lebeaupin C. , Thouvenin T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn the western Mediterranean basin, large amounts of precipitation can accumulate in less than a day when a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) stays over the same area for several hours. Heavy Precipitating Events (HPEs) in this region (especially southern France) are not only characterized by significant precipitation rates (typically more than 200 mm in less than 24 or 48 hours) but also by quasi‐stationary behaviour. The aim of this present study is to use realistic simulations of past events to analyze and better understand the physical mechanisms which lead to the stationarity of HPEs over southern France using a high‐resolution (2.5 km) non‐hydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric model. We focused on three HPEs: 13–14 October 1995 (the Cévennes case), 12–13 November 1999 (the Aude case) and 8–9 September 2002 (the Gard case).The experimental design for simulating realistic structures and evolutions of the HPEs with the Meso‐NH model has been presented in a companion paper. In that study, the evolution of the synoptic patterns in which the HPEs occurred were analysed. In this paper, the importance of mesoscale ingredients, such as the moist and conditionally unstable low‐level jet (LLJ), is examined in terms of their ability to focus the deep convection over the same area for several hours. The Cévennes case is typical of a so‐called ‘Cévenole’ event in France for which orographic forcing is the primary mechanism which acts to continuously generate convective cells upwind of the Massif Central. The unusual location of the Gard event is explained by a cold pool induced by the evaporation of precipitation which acts as a relief‐like feature to force the conditionally unstable and moist LLJ to rise. This constitutes a quasi‐stationary forcing as the cold pool is blocked in the Rhône Valley. For the third case, diabatic cooling and the Massif Central act to enhance the precipitation but have almost no impact on the location of the anchoring point of the precipitating system. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
A high‐latitude convective cloud feedback and equable climates
Authors: Abbot Dorian S. , Tziperman Eli 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA convective cloud feedback on extratropical surface temperatures is identified in a zonally averaged two‐level atmospheric model. The model contains simplified parametrizations for convection, precipitation, and clouds, and a long‐wave radiation scheme that explicitly depends on carbon dioxide, water vapour, and cloud fraction. The convective cloud feedback occurs if the extratropical surface temperature is increased enough to initiate strong atmospheric convection. This results in a change from low to high clouds and from negative to neutral or positive cloud radiative forcing, which further warms the surface and leads to more convection. This positive feedback activates as the CO2concentration is increased and leads to a climate solution with high boundary‐layer temperatures, convection at mid and high latitudes, and an Equator to Pole temperature difference that is reduced by 8–10 °C. The reduction in Equator to Pole temperature difference is due to changes in high‐latitude local heat balance and occurs despite decreased meridional heat transport. The convective cloud feedback also leads to multiple equilibria and hysteresis with respect to CO2and other model variables, although these results may be due to the simplicity of the model. The possible connection of the behaviour of the model at high CO2with equable climates is considered. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
XPS study of the hematite–aqueous solution interface
Authors: Shchukarev Andrey , Boily Jean‐François 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe interaction between the surface of hematite colloidal platelets and Na+ and Cl− ions was investigated by XPS using the cryogenic technique. Pastes in ionic strengths of 0 and 10 mM NaCl contained about 10 at. % water and water/NaCl atomic ratios of 3 to 6. These results fall within the range of values obtained for a variety of minerals studied with this technique. Pastes in 100 mM NaCl background electrolyte, however, contained an unusually larger water content of 25 at. %, yielding a Na+: Cl−: H2O ratio of 1:1:2. This result is in strong contrast with other minerals at the same ionic strength, which typically reveal about 10 at. % water. Substituting Na+ for Cs+ in the hematite paste with 100 mM CsCl yielded, on the other hand, the same amount of water as in the pastes with 0 and 10 mM NaCl, and underpinned the role of Na+ ions in the large water content of the hematite paste. As surface concentrations of Na+ and Cl− exceeded those of hematite surface structural hydroxyl groups and Na 1s and Cl 2p spectra exhibited energy loss features, the electrolyte ions are proposed to be distributed in a three‐dimensional array in the fast‐frozen paste, possibly in a hydrohalite‐like (NaCl·2H2O) phase. In addition, because the fast‐frozen solution of 100 mM NaCl yields a water/NaCl ratio of about 70, hematite is proposed to play an important role in the stabilization of this three‐dimensional distribution of Na+ and Cl− ions. The role of the neutrally charged {001} plane, a predominant feature in the hematite particles of this study, is notably discussed in the light of recent molecular models showing that this plane can stabilize several layers of hydrated ions up to 15 Å from the surface. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of molybdenum and silicon on activity of Ni + W composite coatings in the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Popczyk Magdalena 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNi + W, Ni + W + Si and Ni + W + Mo + Si composite coatings were obtained by electrolytic codeposition of crystalline nickel from an electrolyte containing suspension of W, Mo and Si powders. These coatings were obtained under galvanostatic conditions, at the current density of jdep. = 0.100 A cm−2 and at the temperature of 338 K. Chemical composition of obtained coatings was determined by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) method. The electrochemical activity of these coatings was studied in the process of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from 5 M KOH solution using steady‐state polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. On the basis of the results of EIS measurements, the rate constants of the HER as well as the surface roughness factor were determined. It was found that Ni + W + Mo + Si composite coatings are characterised by enhanced electrochemical activity toward hydrogen evolution as compared with Ni + W + Si and Ni + W coatings. The reason for this is connected with the presence of additional composite components (W, Mo, Si). Thus, obtained coatings may be useful in application as electrode materials for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical trigger based on the molecules of bacteriorhodopsin adsorbed on AgBr nanocrystals
Authors: Zakharov V. N. , Kudryavtsev I. K. , Aslanov L. A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIt is well known that light absorption triggers transformation chain of bacteriorhodopsin (bR). Protein goes through the intermediate states which usually are denoted in alphabetic order: K,L,M,N, and O. These transformations and electric potential changes correlated with them occur in 10 ps. The value of electric potential photoinduced by bR molecules on single membrane is 100 mV. The energy is stored electrostatically in accordance with the mechanisms of molecular condenser appearing under flash action. To obtain high photopotentials (up to 10–12 V) it is necessary to use packs of oriented membranes of bR molecules.We propose to use the molecules of bR adsorbed on silver halide crystals to overcome the threshold of spontaneous nucleation from small silver specks to colloidal ones in very short‐time interval. Earlier we demonstrated the kinetic curves of the chemical development process for ultrafine‐grained emulsion. Colloidal silver particles appeared to lead to effective scattering and absorption of actinic light. Such systems can be considered in the framework of integrated chemical systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterisation of rapidly solidified nanocrystalline soft magnetic ribbons based on FeSiB with P and Ga additions
Authors: Godec M. , Mandrino Dj. , Šuštaršič B. , Nolan D. , Jenko M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSoft magnetic materials derived from rapidly solidified FeSiB alloys exhibit excellent soft magnetic properties due to the crystallisation of nanoscale α‐iron grains in an amorphous matrix. It has been proposed that decreasing the critical solidification rate by choosing the multi‐atomic alloying system with negative enthalpies of mixing among elements can lead to further grain refinement. In the present work, an alloy with P, Ga and Al additions to satisfy the rule for decreasing the critical solidification rate was produced. The structures of as‐cast and annealed alloys were investigated in detail using FESEM, supplemented by EDS, WDS and EBSD analytical tools. Additionally, surface analysis by AES and XPS was performed to characterise the phases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UPS of multilayer nitrogen‐bearing compounds on the Si(100) surface
Authors: Bush B. , Craig J. H. , Roos K. R. , Lozano J. , Field K. W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractUltraviolet photoemission spectra (UPS) are presented for condensed layers of three ethylated amines; mono‐, di‐, and triethylamine (TEA) on the Si(100) surface at 100 K. The photoemission peaks associated with the nitrogen lone pair electrons are identified in the amines and compared with the corresponding spectra for condensed ammonia. Shifts in the lone pair binding energy for the ethyl‐substituted amines are shown to be consistent with conventional chemical paradigms. Also, for comparison purposes spectra for two nonethylated amines, trimethylamine (TMA), and its silicon analog, trisilylamine (TSA), are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Migrating legacy video lectures to multimedia learning objects
Authors: De Lucia Andrea , Francese Rita , Passero Ignazio , Tortora Genoveffa 
Published: March 2008

AbstractVideo lectures are an old distance learning approach that offers only basic interaction and retrieval features to the user. Thus, to follow the new learning paradigms, we need to re‐engineer the e‐learning processes while preserving the investments made in the past. In this paper we present an approach for migrating video lectures to multimedia learning objects. Two essential problems are tackled: the detection of slide transitions and the generation of the learning objects. To this aim, the video of the lecture is scanned to detect the slide changes, while the learning object metadata and the slide pictures are extracted from the presentation document. A tool named VLMigrator (video lecture migrator) has been developed to support the migration of video lectures and the restructuring of their contents in terms of learning objects. Both the migration strategy and the tool have been experimented in a case study. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Link failure resilience in the dynamic source routing protocol
Authors: Aissani Mohamed , Mellouk Abdelhamid , Demigha Walid , Senouci Mustapha Réda 
Published: March 2008

AbstractReactive routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks reduce the routing cost in high mobility environments where link failures are frequent. However, route discovery in these protocols is typically performedvianetwork‐wide flooding, which consumes a substantial amount of bandwidth and causes a significant latency to data packets. To improve the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol and overcome these limitations, we propose two optimization techniques,viz. generalized salvaging mechanism and cache maintenance using a distributed topology discovery mechanism through mobile ant‐agents. We show, by simulations, that our contributions improve the DSR performance, and particularly in large scale networks with high mobility and heavy load that cause frequent link failures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Open-Closed Field Algebras
Authors: Kong Liang 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe introduce the notions of open-closed field algebra and open-closed field algebra over a vertex operator algebra V. In the case that V satisfies certain finiteness and reductivity conditions, we show that an open-closed field algebra over V canonically gives an algebra over a $${\mathbb{C}}$$ -extension of Swiss-cheese partial operad. We also give a tensor-categorical formulation and constructions of open-closed field algebras over V.
The Prevention Delivery System: Organizational Context and Use of Comprehensive Programming Frameworks
Authors: Livet Melanie , Courser Matthew , Wandersman Abraham 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate organizational‐level mechanisms in the Prevention Delivery System (PDS) and their influence on implementing comprehensive programming frameworks (e.g., Communities that Care‐CtC) as the innovation. The PDS is part of the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation (ISF) and describes key characteristics of innovation implementation and dissemination. The study addresses two research questions: (1) What types of organizational characteristics are related to successful use of each of the programming processes (i.e., planning, implementation, evaluation, and sustainability) that are part of comprehensive programming frameworks?; and (2) What are the similarities and differences in the organizational patterns correlated with use of each of the programming processes? Surveys, interview data, and other documents designed to assess organizational characteristics and extent of use of a comprehensive programming framework over time, were collected from 8 Community boards and 23 provider agencies. These organizations were responsible for planning and delivering substance abuse prevention services as part of a statewide initiative in Ohio. Data were analyzed using Spearman rho (and rank‐biserial) correlations, with an emphasis on effect sizes. Results indicated that leadership, shared vision, process advocates, and technical assistance were common correlates of use across programming processes. However, the role played by these organizational variables differed for each programming process, pointing to complex interactions of the organizational infrastructure with other variables (i.e., characteristics of the innovation itself and external macro‐level factors). This exploratory study provides preliminary data on the organizational‐level mechanisms of the PDS and the complexity of their relationships with the other Systems in the Interactive Systems Framework.