bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KRASNOSELSKI–MANN ITERATION FOR HIERARCHICAL FIXED POINTS AND EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEM
Authors: MARINO GIUSEPPE , COLAO VITTORIO , MUGLIA LUIGI , YAO YONGHONG 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe give an explicit Krasnoselski–Mann type method for finding common solutions of the following system of equilibrium and hierarchical fixed points: where C is a closed convex subset of a Hilbert space H, G:C×C→ℝ is an equilibrium function, T:C→C is a nonexpansive mapping with Fix(T) its set of fixed points and f:C→C is a ρ-contraction. Our algorithm is constructed and proved using the idea of the paper of [Y. Yao and Y.-C. Liou, ‘Weak and strong convergence of Krasnosel’skiĭ–Mann iteration for hierarchical fixed point problems’, Inverse Problems24 (2008), 501–508], in which only the variational inequality problem of finding hierarchically a fixed point of a nonexpansive mapping T with respect to a ρ-contraction f was considered. The paper follows the lines of research of corresponding results of Moudafi and Théra.
Proposal of a Mediterranean diet index for pregnant women
Authors: Mariscal-Arcas Miguel , Rivas Ana , Monteagudo Celia , Granada Alicia , Cerrillo Isabel , Olea-Serrano Fatima 
Published: February 2009

Numerous studies have addressed the nutritional needs of pregnant women. The nutritional status of the woman before and during gestation affects the growth of the fetus and the course of the pregnancy and influences the risk of obesity for mother and infant. The aim of this study was to propose a diet quality index for pregnancy based on a Mediterranean-type diet (MDS-P), evaluating the diet of a group of pregnant women by applying the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and evaluating their intake of micronutrients required in optimal amounts during pregnancy, such as Fe, folic acid and Ca. The data used to construct this index (MDS-P) were gathered by means of a FFQ specifically designed for pregnant women. The mean MDS of this group, was 4·31 (sd 1·32), considered to represent satisfactory compliance with the Mediterranean diet (range 0–8). The mean MDS-P (range 0–11), which also takes account of dietary intake or supplements of folic acid, Fe and Ca was 7·53 (sd 1·44), indicating a compliance of around 70 %. The present study findings suggest that the MDS-P, which evaluates the adequacy of folic acid, Fe and Ca as well as compliance with the Mediterranean diet, may represent a valid tool for the specific assessment of the diet of pregnant women living in countries in the Mediterranean area. Further studies are required to complete the validation process.
Quantifying N response and N use efficiency in rice–wheat (RW) cropping systems under different water management
Authors: JING Q. , VAN KEULEN H. , HENGSDIJK H. , CAO W. , BINDRABAN P. S. , DAI T. , JIANG D. 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYAbout 0·10 of the food supply in China is produced in rice–wheat (RW) cropping systems. In recent decades, nitrogen (N) input associated with intensification has increased much more rapidly than N use in these systems. The resulting nitrogen surplus increases the risk of environmental pollution as well as production costs. Limited information on N dynamics in RW systems in relation to water management hampers development of management practices leading to more efficient use of nitrogen and water. The present work studied the effects of N and water management on yields of rice and wheat, and nitrogen use efficiencies (NUEs) in RW systems. A RW field experiment with nitrogen rates from 0 to 300 kg N/ha with continuously flooded and intermittently irrigated rice crops was carried out at the Jiangpu experimental station of Nanjing Agricultural University of China from 2002 to 2004 to identify improved nitrogen management practices in terms of land productivity and NUE.Nitrogen uptake by rice and wheat increased with increasing N rates, while agronomic NUE (kg grain/kg N applied) declined at rates exceeding 150 kg N/ha. The highest combined grain yields of rice and wheat were obtained at 150 and 300 kg N/ha per season in rice and wheat, respectively. Carry-over of residual N from rice to the subsequent wheat crop was limited, consistent with low soil nitrate after rice harvest. Total soil N hardly changed during the experiment, while soil nitrate was much lower after wheat than after rice harvest. Water management did not affect yield and N uptake by rice, but apparent N recovery was higher under intermittent irrigation (II). In one season, II management in rice resulted in higher yield and N uptake in the subsequent wheat season. Uptake of indigenous soil N was much higher in rice than in wheat, while in rice it was much higher than values reported in the literature, which may have consequences for nitrogen fertilizer recommendations based on indigenous N supply.
Patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder are impaired in associative learning based on external feedback
Authors: Nielen M. M. , den Boer J. A. , Smid H. G. O. M. 
Published: February 2009

BackgroundPatients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) have to repeat their actions before feeling satisfied that the action reached its intended goal. Learning theory predicts that this may be due to a failure in the processing of external feedback.MethodWe examined the performance of 29 OCD patients and 28 healthy volunteers on an associative learning task, in which initial learning is based solely on external feedback signals. Feedback valence was manipulated with monetary gains and losses.ResultsAs predicted, OCD patients were impaired during initial, external feedback-driven learning but not during later learning stages. The emotional salience of the feedback modulated learning during the initial stage in patients and controls alike. During later learning stages, however, patients approached near-normal performance with rewarding feedback but continued to produce deficient learning with punishing feedback.ConclusionOCD patients have a fundamental impairment in updating behavior based on the external outcome of their actions, possibly mediated by faulty error signals in response selection processes.
Egypt under Muʿāwiya Part I: Flavius Papas and Upper Egypt
Authors: Foss Clive 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPapyri from Egypt constitute the largest body of contemporary documentary evidence for the reign of Muʿāwiya. Most notable among them are the 107 texts in the archive of Flavius Papas, a local official of Upper Egypt in the 670s. Most are in Greek and provide insight into the administration, society and economy of a provincial centre. Since many deal with taxes and requisitions, they illustrate the incessant demands of the Islamic regime in Fusṭāṭ and the way local officials dealt with them. In particular, the archive shows the importance of Egypt for providing the men, materials and supplies essential for the war fleet of the caliphate. A few other documents from Upper Egypt hint at the economic role of the Church. This is the first of two parts, the second dealing with Middle Egypt, Fusṭāṭ and Alexandria.
The foundations of the house (Q 2: 127)
Authors: Witztum Joseph 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn Quran 2: 127 Ibrāhīm founded “the house” (most probably a reference to the Kaʿba) together with his son Ismāʿīl. This scene does not appear in the Bible and none of the attempts to find a literary precedent for it are satisfactory. This paper argues that this scene reflects post-biblical traditions concerning Genesis 22. The argument is based on a comparison of the Quran, quranic commentaries, rabbinic sources and Syriac homilies on Gen. 22. After suggesting an origin for the story, the paper analyses the ways in which the Quran adapted and appropriated the story to its needs. The replacement of Isaac with Ismāʿīl is a central point addressed in this context.
Kṣṇa and his rivals in the Hindu and Jaina traditions
Authors: Geen Jonathan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper compares the relationship between thevāsudevaKr̥ṣṇa and hisprativāsudevarival Jarāsandha in the Jaina tradition (primarily in Hemacandra'sTriṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacarita) with Kr̥ṣṇa Vāsudeva's rivalries with Jarāsandha, Śiśupāla and Pauṇḍraka in theMahābhārataand Hindupurāṇas. Three main points arising from this comparison are proposed. First, the Jainas conflated characteristics of the Hindu figures Jarāsandha, Śiśupāla and Pauṇḍraka in order to create a new Jarāsandha, who was now a single powerful nemesis for Kr̥ṣṇa. Second, this new relationship between Kr̥ṣṇa and Jarāsandha provided the template for a new class of Illustrious Beings (śalākāpuruṣas) in the Jaina Universal History: the recurring and paradigmaticvāsudevasandprativāsudevas. And third, this evolution of Kr̥ṣṇa mythology in the Jaina tradition may have influenced the parallel development in the Hindu tradition, including the creation of thevaiṣṇavatenavatārasdoctrine, and the expansion of the purāṇic mythology surrounding both Jarāsandha and Śiśupāla.
Consistency and character in the Mahābhārata
Authors: Smith John D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIt is well known that the Mahābhārata sometimes contains narrative inconsistencies. In this article I consider a number of these, particularly certain cases in which one or more characters appear to be presented in an inconsistent manner. After considering possible explanations for the existence of such seeming discrepancies, I put forward the possibility that they are more apparent than real, and that the Mahābhārata was never intended to be read as a smooth-flowing temporal sequence.
Association between indicators of livestock farming intensity and hospitalization rate for acute gastroenteritis
Authors: FEBRIANI Y. , LEVALLOIS P. , LEBEL G. , GINGRAS S. 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYTo evaluate associations between indicators of livestock farming intensity (manure surplus and livestock density) and acute gastroenteritis hospitalization (AGH) rate, we conducted an ecological study on 306 selected agricultural municipalities of Quebec. We estimated the AGH rate for the period 2000–2004 from the Quebec hospital database. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to estimate the strength of association between the farming indicators and AGH with adjustment for confounders. The modifying effect of age and water source was also evaluated. Association between manure and AGH was observed in children, especially those aged 0–4 years for selected zoonotic infections [adjusted hospitalization rate ratio (aHRR) 1·93, 95% CI 1·21–3·09]. The risk ratio was higher for subjects using ground-water source. An increasing HRR trend with each additional level of poultry density was observed in children aged 0–4 years, especially forSalmonellainfections. We conclude that livestock farming intensity may be linked to bacterial acute gastroenteritis in children.
Characterization ofemmtypes and superantigens ofStreptococcus pyogenesisolates from children during two sampling periods
Authors: MA Y. , YANG Y. , HUANG M. , WANG Y. , CHEN Y. , DENG L. , YU S. , DENG Q. , ZHANG H. , WANG C. , LIU L. , SHEN X. 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYThe characteristics of 359 group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates collected from Chinese paediatric patients in two periods (1993–1994, 2005–2006) were studied. Isolates were assigned toemmtypes and assayed for eight superantigen (SAg) genes (speA,speC,speH,speI,speG,speJ,ssa,SMEZ). Typesemm1 andemm12 were consistently the most prevalent during the two periods, while others varied in frequency. GAS isolates carrying six or more SAg genes increased from 46·53% (1993–1994) to 78·39% (2005–2006);ssa,speHandspeJgenes (P<0·05) increased butspeAdeclined (P<0·05). SAg gene profiles were closely associated with theemmtype, but strains of the sameemmtype sometimes carried different SAg genes in the two periods. No significant difference inemm-type distribution and SAg gene profile was noted between isolates from different diseases. These data may contribute towards the development of a GAS vaccine in China.
Methodological considerations in estimating speed of cognitive operations
Authors: Becker James T. , Caldararo Rocco , Baddeley Alan D. , Dew Mary Amanda , Heindel William C. , Banks Gordon , Dorst Stanley K. , Lopez Oscar L. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIndividuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and having cognitive impairment have been described as having slow mentation. Data supporting this proposition come from a variety of sources, including Sternberg's (1966) item recognition memory task. The procedure nominally provides an index of speed of mental operations, independent from input/output demands. However, since the original use of this procedure in the 1960s, advances in cognitive psychology have revealed many of its limitations. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric characteristics of this task. Each participant performed the Sternberg item recognition task twice, 6 mo apart. The stability of the estimate of the slope of regression equations and for zero intercept ranged from excellent (r = .87) to poor (r = .30), and the data from many individual subjects could not be reliably modelled using multiple linear regression techniques. These data, as well as those from previous research, demonstrate the limited practical use of this task in clinical samples. Furthermore, as cognitive psychological theory has advanced in the past 30 yr, the conceptual underpinnings of the procedure have essentially evaporated. (JINS, 1995, 1, 3–9).
Nonspecific white matter degeneration following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Gale Shawn D. , Johnson Sterling C. , Bigler Erin D. , Blatter Duane D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMorphometric analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) scans in 88 traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients demonstrated significantly larger ventricle-to-brain ratios (VBR) and temporal horn volumes, and significantly smaller fornix-to-brain ratios (FBR) and corpus callosum (CC) area measurements, compared to 73 controls. Additionally, TBI patients were grouped according to Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for a within-TBI sample comparison so that severity of injury on brain morphology could be examined. The severe TBI group (GCS = 3–6) differed from the mild and moderate injury groups on measures of the internal capsule, VBR, temporal horn volume, and CC. In a separate analysis wherein the TBI subjects were grouped by degree of fornix atrophy, the group with the smallest fornix size demonstrated the lowest memory performance. Furthermore, anatomic measures correlated with severity of injury, and tests of memory and motor function. Results demonstrate the diffuse nature of degeneration in TBI with more severe injury, and that quantified MR identified morphologic changes relate to neuropsychological outcome. (JINS, 1995, 1, 17–28.)
Learning of name–face associations in memory impaired patients: A comparison of different training procedures
Authors: Thoene Angelika I. T. , Glisky Elizabeth L. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare a mnemonic strategy based on concept-driven processing and explicit memory (i.e., verbal elaboration and imagery) to one based on data-driven processing and implicit memory (the method of vanishing cues) in a names and faces learning task. A third training condition that used video presentation was also included. Six American and six German patients with memory impairment attributable to brain injuries of different etiologies attempted to learn the associations between names and faces in each of the three conditions. The mnemonic strategy proved to be the most effective. Discussion focuses on the characteristics of the training procedures and on the nature of the to-be-learned materials as critical determinants of the effectiveness of different training techniques. (JINS, 1995, 1, 29–38.)
Working memory following improvements in articulation rate in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: White Desirée A. , Craft Suzanne , Hale Sandra , Schatz Jeffrey , Park T.S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIt has been postulated that rehearsal rate is the primary determinant of working memory capacity for verbal material (Baddeley et al., 1975). A previous study of normal control children and children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (SDCP) suggested that covert rather than overt rehearsal rate determines working memory capacity (White et al., 1994). In the current study, a subset of SDCP children who received a surgical treatment to relieve spasticity were retested on measures of articulation rate and memory span. A subset of control children from the original study were also retested. The SDCP group showed improvements in articulation rate at follow-up, though memory span did not change and was again equivalent to that of controls. These findings indicate that increases in articulation rate are not necessarily accompanied by improvements in memory span, and provide additional evidence that working memory capacity may be determined by covert rather than overt articulatory rehearsal. (JINS, 1995, I, 49–55.)
Episodic memory function in advanced aging and early Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Cullum C. Munro , Filley C. M. , Kozora E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDespite some well-documented differences, normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share a number of common neuropathological and neuropsychological features. Many of the reported differences are largely quantitative in nature and there is often overlap between the respective distributions of these populations. To assess the issue of overlap and distinguishing features in memory functions between these groups, and to minimize aging effects per se, samples of older individuals in good health (ages 75–95 yr) and younger patients in the early stages of AD (age < 75 yr) were selected to be similar in global cognitive functioning. Despite comparable language and visuospatial scores, these preliminary results suggest important qualitative differences in episodic memory functions between these conditions, even when “low-functioning” or “at-risk” controls are compared with early AD patients. These findings furthermore highlight some of the challenges in defining “normality” among the oldest segment of our population. (JINS, 1995, I, 100–103.)
Semantic memory and reading abilities: A case report
Authors: Cipolotti Lisa , Warrington Elizabeth K. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe document the unexpected dissociation of preserved reading skills in a patient with severely impaired semantic memory. The common co-occurrence between impairment of word meaning and surface dyslexia has not been observed. The patient (hereafter called DRN) had marked naming and word comprehension difficulties. A strong word frequency effect was observed on tests of word comprehension but was absent in a test of word reading. DRN's ability to read both regular and exception words that he failed to comprehend was remarkably well preserved. We will argue that these findings provide further support for the independence of semantic and phonological processing. (JINS, 1995,I, 104–110.)
The HNRC 500-Neuropsychology of Hiv infection at different disease stages
Authors: Heaton Robert K. , Grant Igor , Butters Nelson , White Desireé A. , Kirson Donald , Atkinson J. Hampton , McCutchan J. Allen , Taylor Michael J. , Kelly Mark D. , Ellis Ronald J. , Wolfson Tanya , Velin Robert , Marcotte Thomas D. , Hesselink John R. , Jernigan Terry L. , Chandler James , Wallace Mark , Abramson Ian ,   THE HNRC GROUP
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe present study examined neuropsychological (NP) functioning and associated medical, neurological, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and psychiatric findings in 389 nondemented males infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Type 1 (HIV-1), and in 111 uninfected controls. Using a comprehensive NP test battery, we found increased rates of impairment at each successive stage of HIV infection. HIV-related NP impairment was generally mild, especially in the medically asymptomatic stage of infection, and most often affected attention, speed of information processing, and learning efficiency; this pattern is consistent with earliest involvement of subcortical or frontostriatal brain systems. NP impairment could not be explained on the bases of mood disturbance, recreational drug or alcohol use, or constitutional symptoms; by contrast, impairment in HIV-infected subjects was related to central brain atrophy on MRI, as well as to evidence of cellular immune activation and neurological abnormalities linked to the central nervous system. (JINS, 1995, 1, 231–251.)
Evidence of altered dominance in children with congenital spastic hemiplegia
Authors: Korkman Marit , von Wendt Lennart 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe study aimed at investigating lateralization effects and signs of transfer and crowding in children with congenital lateralized brain damage with the aid of a dichotic listening test, a chimeric test, and verbal and nonverbal neuropsychological tests. Thirty-three children with spastic hemiplegia and 86 control children (age 5.0–12.0 yr) were assessed. Children with left-hemisphere damage (n = 17) were found to have a pathological left-ear advantage for verbal material, and children with right-hemisphere damage (n = 16) were found to have a pathological right visual half-field advantage for visual material. Children with left-hemisphere damage and a left-ear advantage on the dichotic test were also found to have a right visual half-field advantage on the chimeric test, which was regarded as a sign of reversed dominance. No verbal or nonverbal differences emerged between the left-hemisphere and the right-hemisphere damage groups, nor did differences emerge when the children were reclassified by considering children with left-hemisphere damage and signs of reversed dominance as having damage to the nondominant hemisphere. It was concluded that although lateralized brain damage may alter the dominance for verbal and visual functions, there is still considerable inter-individual variability with respect to inter- and intrahemispheric neural adjustment to damage. The dichotic and the chimeric tests did not indicate the presence of brain damage accurately, but they indicated the lateralization of damage in children with stated abnormality with a high degree (91.3%) of accuracy. (JINS, 1995, I, 261–270.)
Mood disturbance versus other symptoms of depression in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Nyenhuis David L. , Rao Stephen M. , Zajecka John M. , Luchetta Tracy , Bernardin Linda , Garron David C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe administered the Multiscale Depression Inventory (MDI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to 84 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, 101 patients diagnosed with major depression and 87 nonmedical, nonpsychiatric controls. The MDI consists of three separate depression scales measuring mood, vegetative, and evaluative symptoms. We found that: (a) MS patients did not significantly differ from the controls in mood symptoms, (b) the depression prevalence rate in MS patients was significantly lower when measured by the mood scale (17·7%) than by the BDI (30·5%) or MDI total score (26·6%), and (c) MS patients showed significantly less mood disturbance than a non-MS comparison group matched on BDI measured depression severity. We suggest that the inclusion of nonmood symptoms in self-report depression scales may artificially raise both prevalence rates and severity ratings of MS related depression and that the most valid measure of depression in MS is mood disturbance. (JINS, 1995, I, 291–296.)