bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triamcinolone hexacetonide protects against fibrillation and osteophyte formation following chemically induced articular cartilage damage
Authors: Williams James M. , Brandt Kenneth D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough corticosteroids have been shown to cause articular cartilage degeneration, recent studies of experimentally induced osteoarthritis indicate that under certain conditions they may protect against cartilage damage and osteophyte formation. The present study examines the in vivo effect of triamcinolone hexacetonide on the degeneration of articular cartilage which occurs following intraarticular injection of sodium iodoacetate. Three weeks after a single injection of iodoacetate into the knees of guinea pigs, ipsilateral femoral condylar cartilage exhibited fibrillation, loss of staining with Safranin O, depletion of chondrocytes, and prominent osteophytes. In striking contrast, when triamcinolone hexacetonide was injected into the ipsilateral knee 24 hours after the intraarticular injection of iodoacetate, fibrillation was noted in only 1 of 6 samples, osteophytes were much less prominent, pericellular staining with Safranin O persisted, and cell loss was less extensive. Knees of animals which received only one‐tenth as much intraarticular triamcinolone hexacetonide after the iodoacetate injection also exhibited marked reduction in size and extent of osteophytes. However, the degree of fibrillation, loss of Safranin O staining, and chondrocyte depletion was similar to that observed in animals injected with iodoacetate but not treated with intraarticular steroid. No apparent morphologic or histochemical changes were observed after intraarticular injection of the steroid preparation alone. Thus, triamcinolone hexacetonide produced a marked, dose‐dependent protective effect in this model of chemically induced articular cartilage damage.
Quantification of keratan sulfate in blood as a marker of cartilage catabolism
Authors: Thonar Eugene J‐ M. A. , Lenz Mary Ellen , Klintworth Gordon K. , Caterson Bruce , Pachman Lauren M. , Glickman Paul , Katz Robert , Huff John , Kuettner Klaus E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have developed an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent‐inhibition assay which makes use of a monoclonal antibody specific for keratan sulfate to quantify keratan sulfate present as single chains in adult human serum. In adults hospitalized with conditions not thought to affect the turnover of keratan sulfate‐containing tissues, the serum levels varied from individual to individual (53–1,009 ng/ml) but did not show significant differences with respect to age, sex, or disease category. There were no significant differences between the serum levels of adult hospitalized patients and those of nonhospitalized normal adults. In contrast, the concentration of keratan sulfate in the sera of children aged 5–12 was significantly higher. No keratan sulfate was detected in the sera of 3 adult patients with macular corneal dystrophy, an inherited disorder of the cornea. This may indicate that individuals with macular corneal dystrophy have no keratan sulfate‐containing proteoglycans in their cartilage. Adult patients with osteoarthritis have significantly higher concentrations of circulating keratan sulfate. This suggests that the assay could prove valuable in monitoring increased cartilage catabolism in joint diseases.
Cartilage degradation by neutral proteoglycanases in experimental osteoarthritis. Suppression by steroids
Authors: Pelletier Jean‐Pierre , Martel‐Pelletier Johanne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study, we sought to determine the role of neutral proteases in cartilage matrix proteoglycan degradation, which occurs during the early stages of experimental osteoarthritis. The anterior cruciate ligament was transected in the right knees of 33 dogs. Their left knees served as sham operated controls. The animals were killed 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. Six dogs were treated with oral prednisone and then killed 4 weeks after surgery. Cartilage specimens from medial and lateral tibial plateaus were analyzed for DNA, proteoglycan content, and neutral proteoglycan degrading activity. No significant differences in cartilage DNA and proteoglycan content were observed among the dogs that had surgery, the controls, and the prednisonetreated animals. Total neutral metalloproteoglycan–degrading enzyme (NMPE) activity, determined by direct tissue assay, was significantly higher at all time points in osteoarthritic cartilage than in control cartilage. The active form of NMPE was significantly higher in osteoarthritic cartilage than in control cartilage at 2, 4, and 8 weeks in lateral plateaus and at 2 and 4 weeks in medial plateaus. Treatment for 4 weeks with prednisone (0.20–0.25 mg/kg/day) blocked the increased NMPE activity in osteoarthritic cartilage. The increase in the total and active neutral proteoglycanases supports the hypothesis that these enzymes are involved in early osteoarthritis. The synthesis of NMPE appears to be controlled by stimulating factors released by the synovium.
Reactivation of streptococcal cell wall‐induced arthritis by homologous and heterologous cell wall polymers
Authors: Esser Ronald E. , Stimpson Stephen A. , Cromartie William J. , Schwab John H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractJoint inflammation initially induced by intraarticular injection of an aqueous suspension of peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide (PG‐PS) fragments isolated from Streptococcus pyogenes was reactivated by systemic injection of a normally subarthropathic dose of homologous or heterologous cell wall polymers, including muramyl dipeptide and lipopolysaccharide. Reactivation was not correlated with the severity of the initial inflammatory reaction. Results of studies utilizing 125I‐labeled PG‐PS fragments suggested that reactivation was associated with increased localization of PG‐PS fragments in the joint following reinjection. These results indicate that the initial injury of the joint by S pyogenes PG‐PS fragments increases the susceptibility of the joint to subsequent injury. Furthermore, once the inflammatory reaction is initiated, it can be perpetuated by a variety of ubiquitous cell wall polymers derived from normal flora as well as from pathogenic bacteria.
Methylprednisolone infusion therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The effect on synovial fluid lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory indices
Authors: Bertouch James V. , Roberts‐Thomson Peter J. , Smith Malcolm D. , Woodruff Timothy G. , Brooks Peter M. , Bradley John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPaired samples of synovial fluid (SF) and blood were obtained prior to and at 4 and 24 hours following high‐dose methylprednisolone infusion therapy in a group of patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis. After therapy there was a significant decrease in numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, immune complexes, and C‐reactive protein in the SF. Measurement of lymphocyte subsets, using monoclonal antibodies, revealed that at 4 hours postinfusion, there was a disproportionate decrease in the percentage of SF lymphocytes expressing class II antigens (HLA‐DR or Ia‐like). These data suggest that glucocorticoids induce rapid changes in SF indices of disease activity and may directly influence T cell activation within the rheumatoid joint.
IgM anti‐histone H‐3 antibody associated with undifferentiated rheumatic disease syndromes
Authors: Molden Daniel P. , Klipple Gary L. , Peebles Carol L. , Rubin Robert L. , Nakamura Robert M. , Tan Eng M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA distinctive type of speckled antinuclear antibody staining pattern was identified by indirect immunofluorescence on mouse kidney substrate in 4.8% of 5,976 specimens analyzed for antinuclear antibodies. This pattern, termed variable large speckles (VLS), consisted of 3–10 nuclear speckles ranging in size from approximately 0.2–2.0μ. The pattern could be differentiated from other indirect immunofluorescence patterns related to specific antibodies. The predominant immunoglobulin isotype demonstrating the VLS pattern was IgM in 27 of 28 sera examined and IgG in 1 serum. VLS sera had substantial IgM antibodies to histone demonstrated by enzyme immunoassay, and further analysis of representative sera showed predominant antibody activity to histone class 3 (H‐3). Adsorption with histone H‐3 resulted in decrease or removal of antibody producing the VLS pattern. Available information showed that most patients with IgM antibodies of the VLS pattern had undifferentiated connective tissue disease symptoms. They were characterized by a heterogeneity of chronic symptoms including arthralgias, myalgias, inflammatory polyarthritis, myositis, sicca symptoms, and pleurisy associated with elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It remains to be determined whether the IgM anti‐histone H‐3 profile of these patients is a transient or long‐standing serologic characteristic.
Composition and glycosaminoglycan metabolism of articular cartilage from habitually loaded and habitually unloaded sites
Authors: Slowman Sally D. , Brandt Kenneth D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe uronic acid (proteoglycan, PG) content of cartilage from habitually unloaded sites of normal canine femoral condyles has been shown to be lower than that from habitually loaded regions, even though the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis is similar. We investigated whether the GAG degradation in unloaded cartilage would be greater than that in loaded cartilage, and we obtained comparative biochemical data concerning the PGs and organization of the extracellular matrix of normal loaded and unloaded cartilage. PG extractability (determined by sequential guanidinium chloride extracts of cartilage), percentage of PGs forming large aggregates, and hydrodynamic size of the PG monomers (determined by Sepharose 2B chromatography) were essentially the same in loaded and unloaded cartilage. As expected, the uronic acid content of unloaded cartilage was 20% lower than that of loaded cartilage (P < 0.02), while the water and DNA contents of the 2 tissues were not statistically different. There was no difference in the rate of net 35SO4‐GAG synthesis in organ cultures of loaded and unloaded cartilage. Moreover, there was no appreciable difference in the rates of 35SO4‐GAG degradation of loaded and unloaded cartilage, as determined by 35SO4 pulse‐chase studies. We have previously shown that selective cyclic compressive stresses applied in vitro to cartilage from loaded areas of canine femoral condyles may increase 35SO4‐GAG synthesis. The present results suggest that the rates of GAG metabolism in loaded and unloaded cartilage under atmospheric pressure in vitro may not reflect the rates which exist in articular joints under compressive loads in vivo.
Homologous type II collagen induces chronic and progressive arthritis in mice
Authors: Holmdahl Rikard , Jansson Liselott , Larsson Erik , Rubin Kristofer , Klareskog Lars 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNative mouse type II collagen was used for immunization of DBA/1 mice. Arthritis developed exclusively in male animals and was characterized by a variable and delayed onset, a slow and progressive development, and frequent exacerbations of disease in several joints including those that were previously affected. Titers of anti‐type II collagen autoantibodies were found not to correlate well with arthritis development. It appears that experimental arthritis induced with homologous type II collagen resembles rheumatoid arthritis in humans, both in certain clinical features and in the lack of correspondence between anti‐type II collagen autoantibody titers and disease symptoms.
Anti‐Ro (SS‐A) and Anti‐La (SS‐B) in patients with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Harley John B. , Alexander Elaine L. , Bias Wilma B. , Fox Owen F. , Provost Thomas T. , Reichlin Morris , Yamagata Hajime , Arnett Frank C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractClinical, serologic, and genetic findings in Sjögren's syndrome patients were correlated with quantitative determinations for antibody against Ro (SS‐A), La (SS‐B), and nRNP (Sm) using newly developed, sensitive solid‐phase assays. In 86 Sjögren's syndrome patient sera, more than 96% had anti‐Ro (SS‐A), and 87% had anti‐La (SS‐B), spanning a 4.8 log10 range of autoantibody concentration, whereas only 95% of the patients had anti‐nRNP (Sm). Low levels of anti‐Ro (SS‐A) and anti‐La (SS‐B) were found in 10% and 12.5%, respectively, of the 40 normal control sera. In Sjögren's syndrome patients, the level of anti‐Ro (SS‐A) correlated strongly with that of anti‐La (SS‐B) (r = 0.80; P 0.0001) but not with the level of anti‐nRNP (Sm). We found much higher levels of anti‐Ro (SS‐A) and anti‐La (SS‐B) in patients with purpura, leukopenia, lymphopenia, and increased polyclonal gamma globulins than in those without these conditions (between 4.3‐fold and 17‐fold higher; P < 0.001 to P < 0.05). Anti‐Ro (SS‐A) and anti‐La (SS‐B) levels correlated with the rheumatoid factor titer and with the concentrations of total globulin, IgG, and IgA, but not with the IgM concentration. The association of rheumatoid factor titer with levels of anti‐Ro (SS‐A) and anti‐La (SS‐B) occurred only in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Antinuclear antibody titers correlated with levels of anti‐Ro (SS‐A) and anti‐nRNP (Sm). HLA‐DR3‐positive patients had higher levels of anti‐Ro (SS‐A) and anti‐La (SS‐B).
Food‐induced (allergic) arthritis. Inflammatory arthritis exacerbated by milk
Authors: Panush Richard S. , Stroud Robert M. , Webster Ella M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSuggestive, but largely unproven, observations have associated arthritis with environmental antigens, including foods. We studied a patient with inflammatory arthritis in a prospective, “blinded,” controlled fashion to determine whether her symptoms were associated with food sensitivities. This 52‐year‐old white woman with 11 years of class I, stage I, active disease, had symptomatic exacerbations allegedly associated with meat, milk, and beans. We observed an increase in symptoms following an unblinded food challenge and then studied her in our clinical research unit. On her normal diet for 6 days, she averaged 30 minutes of morning stiffness, 9 tender joints, 3 swollen joints, 87% subjective assessment (100% = best possible), and 89% examiner assessment. While she was fasting (3 days) or taking Vivonex (2 days), we noted no morning stiffness, tender joint score of 1, swollen joint score of 0, and assessments of 100% (P < 0.05 versus normal diet). She was then nourished with Vivonex for 33 days without difficulty and challenged in a blinded fashion at mealtimes with lyophilized foods placed into opaque capsules. Four milk challenges (equivalent to ≧8 ounces per meal) produced up to 30 minutes of morning stiffness, 14 tender joints, 4 swollen joints, subjective assessment of 85%, and objective assessment of 80% (P < 0.05 versus fasting‐Vivonex), peaking 24–48 hours postchallenge. Placebo and other foods (lettuce and carrots) were without effect. Immunologic studies suggested both delayed and immediate cutaneous reactivity to milk, no elevation in IgE anti‐milk, marked increases of IgG and IgG4 anti‐milk levels, marginally increased IgG‐milk circulating immune complexes, and in vitro cellular sensitivity to milk. These data relate symptomatic exacerbation of inflammatory arthritis with immunologic hypersensitivity to milk in this patient. This observation suggests new insights in the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint disease and its therapeutic control.
Poems syndrome. Study of a patient with proteinuria, microangiopathic glomerulopathy, and renal enlargement
Authors: Fam Adel G. , Rubenstein Joel D. , Cowan Donald H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe studied a patient with POEMS syndrome (plasma cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal [M]‐protein, skin changes) who was also found to have renal enlargement and microangiopathic glomerulopathy. The latter finding is unusual in POEMS syndrome patients, and the associated symptoms can lead to confusion in diagnosis. We emphasize the importance of considering POEMS syndrome in the differential diagnosis of patients who have unexplained neuropathy, scleroderma‐like skin changes, and/or monoclonal gammopathy.
Normal anti‐Klebsiella lymphocytotoxicity in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Kinsella T. Douglas , Fritzler Marvin J. , Lewkonia Raymond M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe compared in vitro lymphocytotoxicity (LCT) of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), obtained from patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and normal controls (NC). Assays were performed with antibacterial antisera prepared from AS‐ and NC‐derived Klebsiella and coliforms Escherichia coli. LCT assessed by eosin staining was not significantly different in PBL of 12 AS patients and 28 controls when reacted with 3 Klebsiella and 1 E coli antisera. LCT assessed by 51Cr release was not significantly different for PBL of 20 age‐and sex‐matched pairs of AS patients and NC when reacted with 3 Klebsiella and 1 E coli antisera. Similarly, LCT‐51Cr of PBL of 15 matched AS and NC pairs was not significantly different for anti‐K21, a serotype putatively implicated in Klebsiella‐HLA‐B27 antigenic cross‐reactivity. Our results do not support the notion of molecular mimicry between Klebsiella and B27 in the pathogenesis of primary AS.
Oxygen radicals as effectors of cartilage destruction. Direct degradative effect on matrix components and indirect action via activation of latent collagenase from polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Authors: Burkhardt H. , Schwingel M. , Menninger H. , Macartney H. W. , Tschesche H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDegradation of intact cartilaginous tissue (bovine nasal cartilage) by oxygen‐derived free radicals (ODFR) generated enzymatically by xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine was studied. The degree of tissue destruction was determined by measuring the indentation under a defined compression force as well as by the loss of uronic acid‐ and hydroxyproline‐containing matrix components. Cartilage slices altered by prior elastase treatment were more susceptible to oxygen radical attack than were intact tissue specimens. Degradation of cartilage matrix by ODFR was strongly inhibited by superoxide dismutase or catalase. Coincubation of latent collagenase from polymorphonuclear leukocytes with the ODFR‐generating system led to activation of collagenolytic activity, resulting in marked degradation of the bovine cartilage slices. In further studies, activated polymorphonuclear leukocyte‐collagenase was shown to degrade intact human articular cartilage to a degree of mechanical insufficiency. Thus, our assay system serves as an in vitro model of tissue damage, which may be relevant to pathophysiologic states such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Characterization of the antibody response in mice with type II collagen–induced arthritis, using monoclonal anti–type II collagen antibodies
Authors: Holmdahl Rikard , Rubin Kristofer , Klareskog Lars , Larsson Erik , Wigzell Hans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty monoclonal antibodies reactive with type II collagen were characterized as to their determinant specificity and their reactivity with cartilage‐derived components. The monoclonal antibodies reacted with 7 different epitopes on the native type II collagen triple helical structure. Antibodies defining 3 of these epitopes occurred more frequently in sera from arthritic mice than in sera from nonarthritic mice. In vivo injection of some selected autoreactive antibodies caused synovitis, but in no case did it give rise to full‐blown arthritis.
Progesterone secretion in the rat in response to an adjuvant arthritis challenge
Authors: Latman Neal S. , Kishore Vimal , Bruot Brent 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study was undertaken to determine if progesterone is secreted in response to an adjuvant‐induced arthritis challenge in the rat. While the arthritic rat paw volume increased 33%, the plasma progesterone concentration increased from 502 pg/ml in the control rats to 1,202 pg/ml in the arthritic animals. A strong positive correlation was found between the degree of edema and the plasma progesterone concentrations. We suggest that progesterone may play an antiinflammatory role in adjuvant arthritis in the rat.
Interleukin‐1 lymphocyte chemotactic activity in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid
Authors: Miossec Pierre , Dinarello Charles A. , Ziff Morris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examined the role of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) in the chemotactic activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid (SF). Crude RA SF was found to be chemotactic for B cells and T cells. After AcA 54 gel filtration, the principal peaks of chemotactic activity were found in the 5‐kd, 16‐kd, and 60‐kd fractions. The majority of the chemotactic activity for both the B cells (74‐85%) and the T cells (69‐78%) was removed from these fractions by treatment with anti‐IL‐1 antibody. However, in crude SF, approximately 60% of the chemotactic activity for B cells and 40% of that for T cells was removed, indicating the presence of additional chemotactic factors in RA SF. IL‐1 activity, measured by the thymocyte proliferation assay, was demonstrated in RA SF AcA 54 Ultrogel fractions after separation from inhibitors of thymocyte proliferation that are present in crude SF. On chromatofocusing of the 16‐kd fraction, the principal peaks of both thymocyte proliferation activity and chemotactic activity were present in the same fractions with pl values of 6.8, 5.7, and 5.2, which are characteristic of IL‐1. The demonstration of IL‐1‐associated chemotactic activity in RA SF may reflect the presence in the RA synovial membrane (including both the lining layer and the subsynovial layer) of activated macrophages, interstitial histiocytic cells, and other IL‐1‐producing cells, such as endothelial cells. These findings suggest that such cells may attract lymphocytes to their environment by secretion of IL‐1.
Effects of gold therapy on the synthesis and quantity of serum and synovial fluid IgM, IgG, and IgA rheumatoid factors in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Hanly John G. , Hassan Jaythoon , Whelan Alex , Feighery Conleth , Bresnihan Barry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEleven patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were monitored prospectively while receiving up to 1 gm of gold sodium thiomalate. There was a significant decrease in serum and synovial fluid IgG, IgA, and IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) levels over the period of study. Comparison of changes in serum RF and total immunoglobulin levels indicated a selective effect on RF production. These observations were supported by changes in the spontaneous in vitro production of IgM‐RF and total IgM by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Studies of synovial membrane synthesis showed a downward trend in immunoglobulin and RF production, but this did not reach statistical significance. A differential effect on the various RF classes was also noted. The most profound effect was on IgM‐RF production; whereas, changes in IgG‐RF production were least affected. These results suggest a selective and differential effect of gold salts on RF production.