bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The C2DREAM framework: Investigating the structural mechanisms undergirding racial health inequities
Authors: Orakwue Kene , Hing Anna K. , Chantarat Tongtan , Hersch Derek , Okah Ebiere , Allen Michele , Patten Christi A. , Enders Felicity T. , Hardeman Rachel , Phelan Sean M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Racism shapes the distribution of the social determinants of health (SDoH) along racial lines. Racism determines the environments in which people live, the quality of housing, and access to healthcare. Extensive research shows racism in its various forms negatively impacts health status, yet few studies and interventions seriously interrogate the role of racism in impacting health. The C2DREAM framework illuminates how exposure to racism, in multiple forms, connects to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and obesity. The goal of the C2DREAM framework is to guide researchers to critically think about and measure the role of racism across its many levels of influence to better elucidate the ways it contributes to persistent health inequities. The conceptual framework highlights the interconnectedness between forms of racism, SDoH, and the lifecourse to provide a greater context to individual health outcomes. Utilizing this framework and critically contending with the effects of racism in its multiple and cumulative forms will lead to better research and interventions.
The rapacious ambivalence of VC investment: Venture capital, value capture, and the valorization of crisis
Authors: Howard Mark 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article explores venture capital (VC) as a means and process of accumulating future social necessity. It explores the mechanisms of growth that make VC-backed firms distinct. I argue that a distinctive feature of surplus value capture through VC is valorization via socially necessary contracted space-time, a corrective to Marx’s theorization of socially necessary labor time, which appears incomplete in the context of VC. First, extending Marx’s general formula for capital, I develop a general formula for VC, demonstrating how the VC investment upends traditional theories of capitalist accumulation. Second, I argue that VC invests in firms seeking to capture ‘human capital’ resources and uncapitalized market ‘space’ (noncapitalist social logics of exchange) with the aim of achieving ‘product-market fit’. Third, I demonstrate how time and space are contracted under the VC process as a value capture (VC) mechanism relating to future social necessity. VC is, I argue, about accumulating today what we will all need to be consuming tomorrow, just to keep up with social norms. Finally, I explore how the valorization of crisis (VC) demonstrates the accumulation of future social necessity in practice. I conclude with thoughts concerning the possibility of alternatives beyond the overdetermined rapacity of ‘VC’.
The maximum-J property in quasi-isodynamic stellarators
Authors: Rodríguez E. , Helander P. , Goodman A.G. 
Published: April 2024

Some stellarators tend to benefit from favourable average magnetic curvature for trapped particles when the plasma pressure is sufficiently high. This so-called maximum-

$J$

property has several positive implications, such as good fast-particle confinement, magnetohydrodynamic stability and suppression of certain trapped-particle instabilities. This property cannot be attained in quasisymmetric stellarators, in which deeply trapped particles experience average bad curvature and therefore precess in the diamagnetic direction close to the magnetic axis. However, quasi-isodynamic stellarators offer greater flexibility and allow the average curvature to be favourable and the precession to be reversed. We find that it is possible to design such stellarators so that the maximum-

$J$

condition is satisfied for the great majority of all particles, even when the plasma pressure vanishes. The qualitative properties of such a stellarator field can be derived analytically by examining the most deeply and the most shallowly trapped particles, although some small fraction of the latter will inevitably not behave as desired. However, through numerical optimisation, we construct a vacuum field in which 99.6 % of all trapped particles satisfy the maximum-

$J$

condition.
Distribution of Avicennia spp. in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands with special reference to new distributional reports and post-tsunami colonization patterns
Authors: Singh Anoop Raj , Thirumurugan Vedagiri , Prabakaran Nehru 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Post 2004 tsunami and earthquake, the landmass of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI's) experienced uplift (North Andaman and Mayabunder) and subsidence (South Andaman & Nicobar Islands). The altered geomorphology modified the tidal regime, which resulted in mangrove degradation in their current locations and the formation of new intertidal zones potential for mangrove colonization. Avicennia species; a pioneer in mangrove succession was expected to colonize such new intertidal zones. Therefore, to understand the colonization pattern of Avicennia species in these new intertidal zones and their distribution in the old forests, we surveyed 79 sites across ANI's (55 Andaman and 24 Nicobar Islands). Our survey confirms the presence of three Avicennia species namely A. marina, A. officinalis, and A. alba – a new distribution record to the ANI's. Further, A. marina was found to be the most widely distributed, and abundant among three Avicennia species (Relative Abundance (RA) – 97.92%; Relative Frequency (RF) – 68.75%). In contrast, A. officinalis (RA – 1.93%; RF – 26.25%) and A. alba (RA – 0.16%; RF – 5%) were found limited in their distribution and abundance. As per the IUCN Red List, the Avicennia population is decreasing globally, whereas, its population may increase significantly across ANI's due to the availability of vast new intertidal zones. Hence, Avicennia spp. can be utilized in the plantation programs to facilitate rapid colonization in the unvegetated potential mangrove habitats across ANI's. Such an effort will improve the mangrove ecosystem services that were hampered due to mangrove degradation by the 2004 tsunami.
Nuttalliellidae in Burmese amber: implications for tick evolution
Authors: Chitimia-Dobler Lidia , Handschuh Stephan , Dunlop Jason A. , Pienaar Ronel , Mans Ben J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTicks are composed of 3 extant families (Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae) and 2 extinct families (Deinocrotonidae and Khimairidae). The Nuttalliellidae possess one extant species (Nuttalliella namaqua) limited to the Afrotropic region. A basal relationship to the hard and soft tick families and its limited distribution suggested an origin for ticks in the Afrotropics. The Deinocrotonidae has been found in Burmese amber from Myanmar and Iberian amber from Spain, suggesting a wider distribution of the lineage composed of Deinocrotonidae and Nuttalliellidae. The current study describes 8 fossils from mid-Cretaceous (ca. 100 Ma) Burmese amber: 2 Deinocroton species (Deinocroton bicornis sp. nov.; Deinocroton lacrimus sp. nov.), 5 Nuttalliella species (Nuttalliella gratae sp. nov., Nuttalliella tuberculata sp. nov., Nuttalliella placaventrala sp. nov., Nuttalliella odyssea sp. nov., Nuttalliella tropicasylvae sp. nov.) and a new genus and species (Legionaris nov. gen., Legionaris robustus sp. nov.). The argument is advanced that Deinocroton do not warrant its own family, but forms part of the Nuttalliellidae comprising 3 genera, Deinocroton, Legionaris nov. gen. and Nuttalliella). Affinities of Burmese tick fossils to the Australasian region, specifically related to rifting of the Burma terrane from northern Australia ~150 million years ago, suggest that Nuttalliella had a much wider distribution than its current limited distribution. The distribution of Nuttalliella likely stretched from Africa over Antarctica and much of Australia, suggesting that extant members of this family may still be found in Australia. Considerations for the geographic origins of ticks conclude that an Afrotropic origin can as yet not be discarded.
Slow passage through the Busse balloon – predicting steps on the Eckhaus staircase
Authors: Asch Anna , Avery Montie , Cortez Anthony , Scheel Arnd 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMotivated by the impact of worsening climate conditions on vegetation patches, we study dynamic instabilities in an idealised Ginzburg–Landau model. Our main results predict time instances of sudden drops in wavenumber and the resulting target states. The changes in wavenumber correspond to the annihilation of individual vegetation patches when resources are scarce and cannot support the original number of patches. Drops happen well after the primary pattern has destabilised at the Eckhaus boundary and key to distinguishing between the disappearance of 1,2 or more patches during the drop are complex spatio-temporal resonances in the linearisation at the unstable pattern. We support our results with numerical simulations and expect our results to be conceptually applicable universally near the Eckhaus boundary, in particular in more realistic models.
A Pint-Sized Public Sphere: Compensatory Colonialism in Literature by Elite Children During the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
Authors: Rouleau Brian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, thousands of middle-class youths published their own amateur newspapers. These periodicals were printed using the so-called toy (or “novelty”) press, a portable tabletop device that helped democratize word processing. Children often used their presses to compose miniature novels and short stories. They then shared their prose with a national community of fellow juvenile writers collectively known as “Amateurdom.” Adolescent fiction explored an array of subjects, but the frontier, territorial expansion, and empire in the West became some of its particular fixations. All that imperial storytelling, however, possessed a rich subtext. Boys and girls, reacting to late-nineteenth-century changes in the lived experience of childhood, used their printing presses to challenge various constraints imposed upon them. But in so doing, they both perpetuated and reinforced a pernicious culture of settler colonialism that celebrated the subjugation of American Indians. Ultimately, the amateur publications of children remind us that fiction is not exclusively an adult enterprise. The creative output of young people provides important insight into an underexplored realm of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era’s literary world.
Personal Resources, Well-Being, Internalizing and Externalizing	Symptoms of Youth in Out-Of-Home Care
Authors: Dunkel Sophia , Rueth Jana-Elisa , Wiemann Ann-Katrin , Werner Anika , Konrad Kerstin , Lohaus Arnold 
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Background: Many youth living in out-of-home care have higher rates of mental health problems and more negative developmental outcomes than youth who live in their biological families. Aims: While previous studies have focused primarily on risk factors that increase the likelihood of behavioral problems, this study focuses on resources that contribute to positive development. Method: As part of the EMPOWERYOU research project, youth aged 11–18 years living in out-of-home care ( n = 79, living in foster and adoptive families and residential groups) and living with their biological families ( n = 71) participated in an online survey. Youth reported on their personal resources, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and well-being. Results: Youth in out-of-home care reported significantly fewer personal resources, less well-being, and more internalizing and especially externalizing symptoms than youth growing up in their biological families. Path analysis results showed that high self-esteem and high self-control were associated with less externalizing symptoms. Lower empathy/perspective-taking and more self-esteem were associated with less internalizing symptoms. More optimism was associated with increased well-being. These relationships were independent of family placement as there was no moderating effect for placement type. Limitations: Potential limitations arise from focusing solely on self-report and using of a cross-sectional design. Conclusion: The results highlight the relevance of promoting the personal resources of youth in out-of-home care. Since the path analysis did not reveal moderation by family placement, possible interventions do not need to be specified for them, but (already existing) effective interventions can be used.
A Hyperactive Geomagnetic Field in the Late Visean (Early Carboniferous) From the Late Asbian Stratotype Section in Northwest England, UK
Authors: Hounslow Mark W. , Biggin Andrew J. , Cózar Pedro , Somerville Ian D. , Kamenikova Tereza , Sprain Courtney J. 
Published: April 2024

Plain Language SummaryNearly synchronous global changes in geomagnetic polarity give both a detailed irregular pacing to geological time and provide a glimpse into heat transfer processes across the core—mantle boundary which drives the Earth's geodynamo. Although the Late Carboniferous is characterized by some well‐studied reversals, details of the tempo of polarity changes in the Early Carboniferous are unknown. This work addresses this by providing a detailed record of polarity changes over a ∼2 million year interval at around 334.5–332.5 million years ago‐from the Trowbarrow Quarry section in NW England. We demonstrate that these limestones likely preserve magnetization from close to their time of formation and record at least 31 polarity reversals. These observations support the idea that the Earth's dynamo was in a hyperactive reversing state similar to those sustained for tens of Myr in the Late Jurassic, parts of the Cambrian and the Late Ediacaran. It further corroborates a ∼200 Myr cyclicity in paleomagnetic field behavior since the Precambrian, potentially linked to variable core heat flow forced by mantle convection.
Responses of Mesoscale Convective System to Global Warming: A Study on the Henan 2021 Record‐Breaking Rainfall Event
Authors: Lin Zhongxi , Nie Ji , Wang Jun , Chen Yang , Meng Zhiyong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe limited capabilities of global climate models in simulating mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) restrict our understanding of how global warming impacts MCSs. This study uses a high‐resolution numerical model with large‐ensemble experiments to simulate MCSs during the record‐breaking extreme rainfall event in Henan Province, China, in July 2021. We compare the changes in the MCS's strength, size, and structure in a real‐world simulation (RW) and a 0.8°C colder simulation (analog to no‐anthropogenic‐warming‐world simulation, short for NAWW) to assess the response of MCSs to global warming. Our results show that the total rainfall from the MCS increased by 10.0% in RW compared to NAWW, with a 3.1% increase in area and a 6.7% increase in rainfall intensity. The development of MCS becomes more rapid in response to warming since the pre‐industrial era. The warmer and wetter climate results in higher convective available potential energy, and accelerates the MCS growth, but then the narrower low‐convective inhibition regions suppress the continuous growth of MCS. During the mature phase, the maximum hourly rainfall intensity (Pmax) can increase by up to 26.5%/K, while Pmax locations can either remain unchanged or shift depending on the interaction of flows and terrains. These results highlight varying responses of MCSs to global warming during its different stages and provide valuable insights into the changing characteristics of extreme rainfall events under global warming.
How Might the May 2015 Flood in the U.S. Southern Great Plains Induced by Clustered MCSs Unfold in the Future?
Authors: Feng Zhe , Chen Xiaodong , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe historic 22–26 May 2015 flood event in Texas and Oklahoma was caused by anomalous clustered mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that produced record‐breaking rainfall and $3 billion of damage in the region. A month‐long regional convection‐permitting simulation is conducted to reconstruct multiple clustered MCSs that lead to this flood event. We further use the pseudo global warming approach to examine how a similar event may unfold in a warmer climate and the driving physical factors for the changes. Tracking of MCSs in observations and simulations shows that the historical simulation reproduces the salient characteristics of the observed MCSs. In a warmer climate under a high‐emission (SSP5‐8.5) scenario, the Southern Great Plains is projected to experience a near surface warming of 4–6 K, accompanied by enhanced moisture transport by the strengthened Great Plains low‐level jet. A warmer and moister lower troposphere leads to 36%–59% larger convective available potential energy, supporting wider and more intense convective updrafts and rainfall production. Consistently, MCSs have wider convective areas and stronger rainfall intensities, producing 50% larger rain volumes during the mature stage. Extreme (99.5%) MCS rainfall frequency and amount will increase by threefold. However, MCS stratiform rain area decreases as a result of elevated stratiform cloud bases that lead to stronger sublimation and evaporation of precipitation in response to warming, resulting in reduced weak‐to‐moderate surface precipitation. Results suggest that global warming greatly increases precipitation intensity of clustered MCS events under strong synoptic influence, with much higher potential to produce serious floods without additional climate adaptation.
Km‐Scale Simulations of Mesoscale Convective Systems Over South America—A Feature Tracker Intercomparison
Authors: Prein Andreas F. , Feng Zhe , Fiolleau Thomas , Moon Zachary L. , Núñez Ocasio Kelly M. , Kukulies Julia , Roca Rémy , Varble Adam C. , Rehbein Amanda , Liu Changhai , Ikeda Kyoko , Mu Ye , Rasmussen Roy M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are clusters of thunderstorms that are important in Earth's water and energy cycle. Additionally, they are responsible for extreme events such as large hail, strong winds, and extreme precipitation. Automated object‐based analyses that track MCSs have become popular since they allow us to identify and follow MCSs over their entire life cycle in a Lagrangian framework. This rise in popularity was accompanied by an increasing number of MCS tracking algorithms, however, little is known about how sensitive analyses are concerning the MCS tracker formulation. Here, we assess differences between six MCS tracking algorithms on South American MCS characteristics and evaluate MCSs in kilometer‐scale simulations with observational‐based MCSs over 3 years. All trackers are run with a common set of MCS classification criteria to isolate tracker formulation differences. The tracker formulation substantially impacts MCS characteristics such as frequency, size, duration, and contribution to total precipitation. The evaluation of simulated MCS characteristics is less sensitive to the tracker formulation and all trackers agree that the model can capture MCS characteristics well across different South American climate zones. Dominant sources of uncertainty are the segmentation of cloud systems in space and time and the treatment of how MCSs are linked in time. Our results highlight that comparing MCS analyses that use different tracking algorithms is challenging. We provide general guidelines on how MCS characteristics compare between trackers to facilitate a more robust assessment of MCS statistics in future studies.
Surface Albedo Dominates Radiation Efficiency of Alpine Grasslands Along an Elevation Profile of Qilian Mountains
Authors: Li Hongqin , Zhang Fawei , Zhu Jingbin , Li Jiexia , Guo Xiaowei , Zhou Huakun , Li Yingnian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractQuantifying the elevation dependency of radiation partitioning in high‐altitude mountains is crucial for projecting regional energy balance while remains highly uncertain. We compared the surface radiation partitioning parameters across a meadow (3,200 m), shrub (3,400 m), and forb (3,600 m) along a southern slope of the Qilian Mountains. At a daily scale, the downward shortwave radiation (Rs) fluctuated minimally among the grassland types probably induced by similar site orientations. The greatest downward and upward longwave radiation (Ld and Lu) happened at the lowest meadow while the largest net shortwave (Sn) and longwave (Ln) radiation occurred at the deciduous shrub. The net all‐wave radiation (Rn) of the meadow and shrub was similar and exceeded that of the forb by ∼20%. The differences in Rn between the sites were jointly explained by those of upward shortwave radiation (Ru) and Lu, more than by Rs and Ld, suggesting the importance of surface attributes. The monthly normalized effective terrestrial radiation (λ, the ratio of Ln to Rs) varied insignificantly among the sites and averaged 0.25 ± 0.05, which was comparable to the global mean value (0.26). The smallest surface albedo (α, the ratio of Ru to Rs) and largest radiation efficiency (η, the ratio of Rn to Rs) were 0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.64 ± 0.09, respectively, both at the shrub. Grassland type dominated the spatial variations of monthly α and η. These findings highlighted the importance of grassland types to explain the spatiotemporal variations of radiation partitioning parameters in high‐altitude alpine grasslands.
Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids/hyaluronic acid-methacrylic anhydride hybrid hydrogel with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties for infected wound healing
Authors: Qi Cai , Sun Qiang , Xiao Dexuan , Zhang Mei , Gao Shaojingya , Guo Bin , Lin Yunfeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBacterial resistance and excessive inflammation are common issues that hinder wound healing. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer a promising and versatile antibacterial option compared to traditional antibiotics, with additional anti-inflammatory properties. However, the applications of AMPs are limited by their antimicrobial effects and stability against bacterial degradation. TFNAs are regarded as a promising drug delivery platform that could enhance the antibacterial properties and stability of nanodrugs. Therefore, in this study, a composite hydrogel (HAMA/t-GL13K) was prepared via the photocross-linking method, in which tFNAs carry GL13K. The hydrogel was injectable, biocompatible, and could be instantly photocured. It exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors and scavenging ROS. Thereby, the hydrogel inhibited bacterial infection, shortened the wound healing time of skin defects in infected skin full-thickness defect wound models and reduced scarring. The constructed HAMA/tFNA-AMPs hydrogels exhibit the potential for clinical use in treating microbial infections and promoting wound healing.