bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Type 2 Diabetes Genes in Mexican Americans Through Genome-Wide Association Studies
Authors: Hayes M. Geoffrey , Pluzhnikov Anna , Miyake Kazuaki , Sun Ying , Ng Maggie C.Y. , Roe Cheryl A. , Below Jennifer E. , Nicolae Raluca I. , Konkashbaev Anuar , Bell Graeme I. , Cox Nancy J. , Hanis Craig L. 
Published: September 2007

OBJECTIVE—The objective of this study was to identify DNA polymorphisms associated with type 2 diabetes in a Mexican-American population.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We genotyped 116,204 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 281 Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes and 280 random Mexican Americans from Starr County, Texas, using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 100K set. Allelic association exact tests were calculated. Our most significant SNPs were compared with results from other type 2 diabetes genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Proportions of African, European, and Asian ancestry were estimated from the HapMap samples using structure for each individual to rule out spurious association due to population substructure.
RESULTS—We observed more significant allelic associations than expected genome wide, as empirically assessed by permutation (14 below a P of 1 × 10−4 [8.7 expected]). No significant differences were observed between the proportion of ancestry estimates in the case and random control sets, suggesting that the association results were not likely confounded by substructure. A query of our top ∼1% of SNPs (P &lt; 0.01) revealed SNPs in or near four genes that showed evidence for association (P &lt; 0.05) in multiple other GWAS interrogated: rs979752 and rs10500641 near UBQLNL and OR52H1 on chromosome 11, rs2773080 and rs3922812 in or near RALGPS2 on chromosome 1, and rs1509957 near EGR2 on chromosome 10.
CONCLUSIONS—We identified several SNPs with suggestive evidence for replicated association with type 2 diabetes that merit further investigation.
Interaction of unmodified and partially silylated nanosilica with red blood cells
Authors: Gun’ko Vladimir , Galagan Natalia , Grytsenko Irina , Zarko Vladimir , Oranska Olena , Osaulenko Vyacheslav , Bogatyrev Viktor , Turov Vladimir 
Published: September 2007

AbstractInteraction of red blood cells (RBCs) with unmodified and partially (50%) silylated fumed silica A-300 (nanosilica)was studied by microscopic, XRD and thermally stimulated depolarisation current (TSDC) methods. Nanosilica at a low concentration C A-300C A-300 = 1 wt% all RBCs transform into shadow corpuscles because of 100% haemolysis. Partial (one-half) hydrophobization of nanosilica leads to reduction of the haemolytic effect in comparison with unmodified silica at the same concentrations. A certain portion of the TSDC spectra of the buffered suspensions with RBC/A-300 is independent of the amounts of silica. However, significant portions of the low-and high-temperature TSDC bands have a lower intensity at C A-300 = 1 wt% than that for RBCs alone or RBC/A-300 at C A-300 = 0.01 wt.% because of structural changes in RBCs. Results of microscopic and XRD investigations and calculations using the TSDC-and NMR-cryoporometry suggest that the intracellular structures in RBCs (both organic and aqueous components) depend on nanosilica concentration in the suspension.
Differential pulse voltammetric determination of dopamine with the coexistence of ascorbic acid on boron-doped diamond surface
Authors: Guo-hua Zhao , Ming-fang Li , Ming-li Li 
Published: September 2007

AbstractElectrochemical determination of dopamine (DA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) was achieved on boron-doped diamond (BDD) film electrode by differential pulse voltammetry. The experimental results indicated that the oxidative peaks of DA and AA could be separated completely on anodically-treated (BDD) electrode without further modification, although these two peaks can not be separated on glassy carbon electrode. The peak separation of DA and AA was developed to be 0.44 V. High sensitivity was obtained to determine DA selectively with the coexisting of a large excess of AA in acidic media by DPV. The detection limit of DA was achieved to be 1.1 × 10-6 M in the presence of AA with the concentration of 200 times more than DA. This technique was also applied to the determination of DA in real samples.
Study of the reactivity of quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase with heterocycle-pentacyanoferrate(III) complexes and the electron transfer path calculations
Authors: Tetianec Lidija , Dagys Marius , Kulys Juozas , Ziemys Arturas , Meskys Rolandas 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe reactivity of alcohol dehydrogenase IIG (ADH IIG) from Pseudomonas putida HK5 with new heterocycle-pentacyanoferrate(III) complexes and hexacyanoferrate(III) was determined at pH 7.2. The pentacyanoferrate(III) complexes contained imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, their derivatives and 2-aminobenzothiazole as the sixth ligand. The largest reactivity of the complexes with ADH IIG was estimated for the complex containing pyridine. An apparent bimolecular constant (k
ox) for this complex was 8.7 × 105 M−1s−1. The lowest value of k
ox was estimated for the complex with benzotriazole (k
ox = 3.1 × 104 M−1s−1). The investigation of the hexacyanoferrate(III) enzymatic reduction rate at different ionic strength gave a single negative charge of reduced ADH IIG. Docking calculations revealed two binding sites of the complexes in ADH-IIG structure. The first one is located at the entrance to the PQQ pocket, and the second is at the site of cytochrome domain. The calculations of electron transfer (ET) path indicated that the most effective ET takes place from heme to the complex docked at the entrance to the PQQ pocket. This shortest path is constructed of amino acids Ser607 and Cys606.
Amyloid Precursor Protein
Authors: Leong Su Ling , Barnham Kevin J. , Multhaup Gerd , Cappai Roberto 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

The amyloid‐precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane glycoprotein implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In mammals, there are two paralogues of APP termed amyloid precursor‐like protein 1 (APLP1) and amyloid precursor‐like protein 2 (APLP2). Orthologues of APP also exist, suggesting a conserved function vital throughout evolution. APP is a multidomain protein with metal‐binding sites critical to its function. There are two copper‐binding domains, one lies in the N‐terminus, adjacent to the zinc‐binding domain, and the other is in the amyloid‐beta (Aβ) domain. Aβ is derived via a series of protease cleavages of APP by the secretases, and is the main constituent of the amyloid plaques that are a key pathological hallmark of AD. The physiological role of APP is as yet unknown. It can reduce Cu
2+
to Cu
+
, and the physiological and three‐dimensional structure suggests a role as a copper chaperone. The binding of Cu to Aβ is toxic to neuronal cultures, and this may contribute to the oxidative stress that is commonly observed in AD.
Metal Ions in Cyanobacterial PhotosystemII
Authors: Loll Bernhard , Biesiadka Jacek , Saenger Wolfram 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDevelopment of oxygenic photosynthesis provided the primeval reducing atmosphere with oxygen that is essential for all presently existing higher forms of heterotrophic life including human beings. Oxygenic photosynthesis is initiated at photosystem II (PSII), a multi‐subunit protein complex that is decorated with various cofactors and located in the thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria, algae and higher plants. PSII captures sunlight with its antenna proteins and converts it to chemical energy by catalyzing water oxidation to atmospheric oxygen, protons and electrons. The reducing electrons are exploited in subsequent steps in the formation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) used to reduce CO2to carbohydrates.We discuss here the presently most complete structure of cyanobacterial PSII that includes 35 chlorophylla, 11 carotenoids, 2 pheophytinsa, 2 plastoquinones, 2 hemes, bicarbonate, 14 lipids, 3 detergent molecules (n‐dodecyl‐β‐D‐maltoside), 4 Mn‐atoms, 2 Ca2+, and Fe2+that are embedded within 19 protein subunits per monomer. Water oxidation takes place at a redox‐active metal cluster that is composed of 4 Mn‐cations and 1 Ca2+cation. The arrangement, geometry and coordination of the metal ions in the Mn4Ca‐cluster provide information essential for understanding mechanistic aspects of water oxidation.
Human Ferrochelatase
Authors: Lanzilotta William N , Dailey Harry A 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Ferrochelatase catalyzes the terminal step of heme biosynthesis, the insertion of ferrous iron into protoporphyrin IX to form heme. The mammalian enzyme is a homodimer with a total molecular weight of 83 000 and is associated with the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Each subunit contains a [2Fe–2S] cluster whose coordination and spectral properties are unlike any other currently characterized [2Fe–2S] cluster. The crystal structure of the human enzyme both with and without porphyrin substrate‐bound is presented and discussed. The enzyme without substrate‐bound possesses an open mouth for an active site with the two lips of the mouth being responsible for interaction with the membrane. The enzyme with bound porphyrin has a closed mouth that results in a hand‐in‐glove fit with the porphyrin substrate.
Fts
H
/
Hfl
B
Authors: Bieniossek Christoph , Baumann Ulrich 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

The ATP‐dependent, membrane‐standing metalloprotease FtsH/HflB (filamentation temperature‐sensitive locus H/high frequency of lysogenisation locus B) is universally conserved in eubacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. Its substrates are integral membrane proteins, for example, it degrades the unassembled subunits such as SecY of the SecYEG translocon or the a‐subunit of F
o
ATPase, as well as some soluble proteins, most notably the heat shock factor σ
32
, the λ‐phage transcriptional activator λ‐CII and LpxC, a key enzyme in lipid A biosynthesis. FtsH is the only essential energy‐dependent protease in
Escherichia coli
and its knockout shows generally severe phenotypes, for example, malfunctioning of paraplegin, a close homolog in human mitochondria, results in one form of spastic paraplegia. The crystal structure of the cytosolic region reported here reveals a self‐compartmentalizing protease composed of two hexameric rings. The protease ring exhibits perfect sixfold symmetry with a novel, virtually all‐helical fold of the monomers. The active center is formed by the
427
HEAGH motif and the conserved Asp500 as third zing ligand. The AAA domains have ADP bound and are arranged in a hexameric ring with twofold symmetry only. Two of the essential pore residues Phe234, which are implied in substrate binding and translocation, are located toward the interior of the two rings. This suggests a mechanism of substrate recognition and unfolding.
Copper Transporters and Chaperones
Authors: Arnesano Fabio , Banci Lucia 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCopper is an essential element for many cellular processes in all the kingdoms of life. Its presence in cells needs to be tightly controlled, as free copper ions can be toxic due to their redox chemistry, though they must be available to obtain the mature form of copper‐dependent proteins.For this purpose, organisms have developed a machinery for proteins, which control copper uptake, transport, sequestration, and efflux. These proteins are engaged in complex, highly specific pathways, responsible for copper incorporation in target proteins, its transport within a compartment and/or through different cellular compartments and organelles, and its excretion. In the present chapter, we describe the structural and functional features of proteins involved in the three most characterized processes, that is, copper delivery to the trans‐Golgi network or transport across the plasma membrane, involving copper‐transporting adenosine triphosphatases, copper incorporation into the Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase, and into the two copper centers of cytochromecoxidase, located in two different enzyme subunits and involving three copper ions.The structural properties of various functional states of these copper transport proteins, and the related mechanisms, are discussed with respect to their key role in cellular processes.
Intent to harm or injure? Gender and the expression of anger
Authors: Campbell Anne , Muncer Steven 
Published: September 2007

AbstractGender differences in aggressive behaviour but not in anger suggest that women may express anger through behaviours that lack intent to harm or injure. Angry behaviours (injurious and noninjurious) were rated in terms of their likelihood of use when angry (N=888). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a direct aggression factor and two further scales: explosive acts (e.g. throwing objects when alone) and defusing acts (e.g. talking to a third party). Men exceeded women on direct aggression and explosive acts, whereas women exceeded men on defusing acts. Expressive beliefs about aggression (as a loss of self‐control) were higher among women and strongly associated with use of defusing acts and the avoidance of direct aggression. Instrumental beliefs about aggression (as a means of control over others) were higher among men and showed the opposite pattern of associations. We highlight the need for further work on actors' intention in relation to angry behaviours and the impact of context on these intentions. Aggr. Behav. 34:282–293, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confocal Raman Spectroscopy of α‐Sexithiophene: From Bulk Crystals to Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Brillante A. , Bilotti I. , Albonetti C. , Moulin J.‐F. , Stoliar P. , Biscarini F. , de Leeuw D. M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe report confocal micro‐Raman spectra of the organic semiconductor α‐sexithiophene (T6) on bulk crystals and on thin films grown on technologically relevant substrates and devices. We show that the two polymorphs, which are clearly identified by their lattice phonon spectra, may coexist as physical impurities of one inside the other in the same crystallite. Spatial distribution of the two phases is monitored by Raman phonon mapping of crystals grown upon different conditions. Raman microscopy has then been extended to T6 thin films grown on silicon oxide wafers. We identify the crystal phase in thin films whose thickness is just 18 nm. The most intense total‐symmetric Raman vibration is still detectable for a two‐monolayer thick film. Comparative analysis between micro‐Raman and AFM of T6 thin films grown on field effect transistors shows that electrode‐channel steps favour the nucleation and growth of T6 molecules on the substrate, at least below 50 nm.
Very Long SiC‐Based Coaxial Nanocables with Tunable Chemical Composition
Authors: Bechelany M. , Brioude A. , Stadelmann P. , Ferro G. , Cornu D. , Miele P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe present a simple process for the fabrication of very long SiC‐based coaxial nanocables (NCs). The versatility of this technique is confirmed by the ability to change the chemical composition of the NC outer layers from silica to carbon and boron nitride. The NCs consist of a SiC core approximately 30 nm in diameter with lengths up to several hundred of nanometers. The thickness of the coating is in the range 2–10 nm. The morphology and structural characterization of the NCs is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), respectively, and their chemical composition is probed by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). A vapor–solid growth mechanism is proposed to explain the growth of SiC‐based NCs of various chemical compositions, depending on the chemical nature of the vapor phase. Because of the large quantity of very long and interlaced NCs produced during the synthesis, the macroscopic aspect of the as‐grown material is like a self‐supported felt.
Chiral Thiourea‐Phosphine Organocatalysts in the Asymmetric Aza‐Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reaction
Authors: Shi Yong‐Ling , Shi Min 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA new kind of bifunctional (thio)urea‐phosphine catalyst was synthesized and applied to the aza‐Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction of N‐sulfonated imines with methyl vinyl ketone, phenyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ketone or acrolein. Moderate to excellent ee and yields of the products were obtained under mild reaction conditions.
Synthesis of β‐Lactams by 4‐exo‐tet Cyclization Process Induced by Electrogenerated Cyanomethyl Anion, Part 2:[1] Stereochemical Implications
Authors: Feroci Marta 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAn efficient electrochemically induced synthesis of chiral cis β‐lactams has been described, via deprotonation of chiral amides containing an acidic methylene group and a bromine atom as leaving group and bearing a chiral auxiliary or amine function. The electrogenerated base – cyanomethyl anion – is easily obtained by galvanostatic reduction of acetonitrile‐tetraethylammonium hexafluorophosphate solutions under very mild conditions. The yields are high and the cis‐diastereoselection complete. The use of starting chiral amides has allowed in many cases the preparation of the most abundant isomer in a pure form.
2,3‐Disubstituted Benzo[b]thiophenes from Diarylalkynes via Electrophilic Addition‐Cyclization and Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Lamanna Giuseppe , Menichetti Stefano 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDiarylalkynes are readily transformed in 3‐chlorobenzo[b]thiophenes in a two‐step electrophilic addition‐cyclization procedure that runs highly efficiently in solution or in the solid phase. The heteroaromatic carbon‐chlorine bond participates in palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura or Buchwald–Hartwig cross‐couplings to give, in a single step, 2,3‐disubstituted derivatives of pharmacological relevance .
Fluorinated Alcohols as Solvents for Enantioselective Hydrogenation with Chiral Self‐Assembling Rhodium Catalysts
Authors: Dubrovina Natalia V. , Shuklov Ivan A. , Birkholz Mandy‐Nicole , Michalik Dirk , Paciello Rocco , Börner Armin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe herein describe the beneficial effect of fluorinated alcohols on asymmetric hydrogenation using chiral self‐assembling rhodium complexes. Previously, the application of these catalysts has been hampered by low reaction rates in non‐polar solvents, which are essential for establishing the self‐assembling architecture via hydrogen bonding. Excellent reaction rates are usually observed in alcohols as solvents, but the characteristic hydrogen bonds are cleaved in those media, resulting in poor ee values. We now show for the first time that the disadvantageous properties of both solvent classes on the catalytic reaction can be overcome by using fluorinated alcohols. Due to this key finding, homogeneous catalysis with self‐assembling catalysts is much closer to practical application.
A Chiral Functionalized Salt‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition of Ketones to Nitroolefins
Authors: Xiong Yan , Wen Yuehong , Wang Fei , Gao Bo , Liu Xiaohua , Huang Xiao , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe chiral functionalized salt catalysis, which differs from the known enzyme‐ and transition metal‐based methods, has been successfully developed to carry out the Michael addition of ketones to nitroolefins. Chiral anion salt (type I), chiral cation salt (type II), or chiral anion‐chiral cation salt (type III) could be expected to be remarkably effective catalysts and afford the corresponding chemically and optically pure Michael addition adducts. A primary amine group activating the ketone during salt catalysis was their obvious and common property. Based on preliminary experimental investigations and previous reports on primary amine catalysis, a reaction pathway via imine, enamine, iminium ion to imine was proposed.
Integrating Catalyst and Co‐Catalyst Design in Olefin Polymerization Catalysis: Transferable Dianionic Ligands for the Activation of Late Transition Metal Polymerization Catalysts
Authors: Brasse Mikaël , Cámpora Juan , Davies Maxwell , Teuma Emmanuelle , Palma Pilar , Álvarez Eleuterio , Sanz E. , Reyes Manuel L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTreatment of nickel and palladium α‐diimine catecholate complexes with alkylaluminum catecholates leads to active ethylene polymerization catalysts. Comparison of the catalytic activities achieved with combinations of α‐diimine catecholate or halide complexes as catalyst precursors with different activators (MMAO or alkylaluminum catecholates) reveals that the presence of the catecholate ligand in both catalyst components is beneficial for achieving high activity levels at very low M/Al ratios.
A Novel (2,2‐Diarylvinyl)phosphine/Palladium Catalyst for Effective Aromatic Amination
Authors: Suzuki Ken , Hori Yoji , Nishikawa Takenobu , Kobayashi Tohru 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA new series of diarylvinylphosphine ligands was designed and synthesized. A catalyst system, consisting of the ligands and palladium species, effectively catalyzed the coupling reaction of aryl bromides and chlorides with amines to afford the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. The efficiency is likely derived from an interaction between the palladium center and the cis‐aryl moiety on the diarylvinylphosphine ligand stabilizing a catalytic intermediate during the coupling reaction.
Tungsten‐ and Molybdenum‐Based Coordination Polymer‐Catalyzed N‐Oxidation of Primary Aromatic Amines with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Bordoloi Ankur , Halligudi S. B. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRecyclable tungsten‐ and molybdenum‐based coordination polymers efficiently catalyzed the oxidation of primary aromatic amines to the corresponding nitroso derivatives with 30 % aqueous hydrogen peroxide in high yields at room temperature.
Copper(II) Triflate‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution of Propargylic Acetates with Enoxysilanes. A Straightforward Synthetic Route to Polysubstituted Furans
Authors: Zhan Zhuang‐ping , Wang Shao‐pei , Cai Xu‐bin , Liu Hui‐juan , Yu Jing‐liang , Cui Yuan‐yuan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA novel and efficient procedure for the synthesis of γ‐alkynyl ketones by the nucleophilic substitution of propargylic acetates with enoxysilanes in the presence of a catalytic amount of Copper(II) triflate, has been developed. The substitution reaction can be followed by a 4‐toluenesulfonic acid‐catalyzed cyclization without purification of the γ‐alkynyl ketone intermediates, offering a straightforward synthetic route to polysubstituted furans.
Gold‐Catalyzed 5‐ and 6‐exo‐dig Selective Cyclizations of Alkynyl Silyl Enol Ethers: Efficient Method for [3+2] and [4+2] Annulations onto α,β‐Enones
Authors: Lee Kooyeon , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAn efficient method for the annulation of five‐ and six‐membered rings onto α,β‐enones is described via gold‐catalyzed 5‐ and 6‐exo‐dig selective cyclizations of alkynyl silyl enol ethers.
Successful treatment with rituximab in a patient with an acquired factor V inhibitor
Authors: Lebrun Agnes , Leroy‐Matheron Catherine , Arlet Jean‐Benoit , Bartolucci Pablo , Michel Marc 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRituximab has already been successfully used to treat immune‐mediated bleeding disorders such as acquired factor VIII inhibitor. We report here a case of severe acquired factor V (FV) inhibitor deficiency due to FV inhibitor which has been dramatically improved after rituximab. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.