bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic studies of ferromagnetic (Cd,Mn)Te quantum wells
Authors: Kossacki P. , Gaj J. A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA summary of recent optical experiments is presented, elucidating the properties of the carrier‐induced ferromagnetic phase in p‐doped (Cd,Mn)Te quantum wells. A special attention is paid to the existence and properties of the ferromagnetic domains. Spatially‐resolved experiments with a resolution better than 0.5 µm do not show any domain pattern, but time‐resolved experiments, performed in a range from picoseconds to microseconds, supply a strong evidence for the existence of the domains and determine their dynamics. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
QSAR Analysis of the Time‐ and Dose‐Dependent Anti‐Inflammatory in vivo Activity of Substituted Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Saxena Anil K. , Schaper Klaus‐Jürgen 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe quantitative analysis and physicochemical description of time‐ and dose‐dependent in vivo drug effects is problematic as observed effects depend on both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. These factors depend in a different manner on the physicochemical properties of the investigated drugs. Obviously in vivo effects of drug series are governed by highly nonlinear relationships. As the function relating in vivo anti‐inflammatory effects of the imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines observed in rats (carrageenan‐induced rat paw edema test) to dose, time, and physicochemical properties could not be modeled explicitly, an attempt was made to train an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to find the unknown nonlinear relationship between input variables and observed % effect values. The analysis extracted a maximum of information from available in vivo data and resulted in an ANN model that enabled the calculation of dose‐ and property‐dependent anti‐inflammatory activities of a set of 15 imidazopyridines.
Dissociative electron attachment in selected haloalkanes
Authors: Pshenichnyuk S. A. , Pshenichnyuk I. A. , Nafikova E. P. , Asfandiarov N. L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThree mono‐substituted and six poly‐substituted haloalkanes derivatives were investigated by means of negative ion mass spectrometry (NIMS). Available electron transmission spectroscopy (ETS) data were used for the treatment of NIMS results. Comparison of the ETS spectra of mono‐substituted bromo‐ and chloroalkanes show that these families of compounds exhibit similar regularities in the process of NI formation. Capture of the p‐partial wave dominates in the lowest anion state formation. In the series of mono‐substituted bromo‐ and chloroalkanes the energy difference (Shift) between the vertical attachment energy (VAE) in ETS spectra and the maximum of the NI formation in dissociative electron attachment (DEA) spectra correlates approximately linearly with the VAE value for the given molecule. The slopes of these dependencies are different for the mono‐substituted chloro and bromo derivatives. It is conjectured that, in the derivatives di‐substituted in the 1,2‐positions, there is a shallow minimum in the repulsive anion potential curve, which makes possible temporary trapping of the anion. This delay is long enough for the rearrangement process and formation of the Hal ions. This effect is not detected in 1,1‐halogenated derivatives. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐throughput determination of carbocysteine in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: application to a bioequivalence study of two formulations in healthy volunteers
Authors: Bi Hui‐chang , Zhao Li‐zi , Zhong Guo‐ping , Zhou Shufeng , Li Bo , Deng Ying , Chen Xiao , Huang Min 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method to determine carbocysteine in human plasma was developed and fully validated. After methanol‐induced protein precipitation of the plasma samples, carbocysteine was subjected to LC/MS/MS analysis using electrospray ionization (ESI). The MS system was operated in the selected ion monitoring (SRM) mode. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Hypurity C18column (i.d. 2.1 mm × 50 mm, particle size 5 µm). The method had a chromatographic running time of 2.0 min and linear calibration curves over the concentration ranges of 0.1–20 µg/mL for carbocysteine. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the method was 0.1 µg/mL for carbocysteine. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision was less than 7% for all quality control samples at concentrations of 0.5, 2.0, and 10.0 µg/mL. These results indicate that the method was efficient with a simple preparation procedure and a very short running time (2.0 min) for carbocysteine compared with methods reported in the literature and had high selectivity, acceptable accuracy, precision and sensitivity. The validated LC/MS/MS method has been successfully used to a bioequivalence study of two tablet formulations of carbocysteine in healthy volunteers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of decomposition products and preclinical and low dose clinical pharmacokinetics of decitabine (5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine) by a new liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry quantification method
Authors: Liu Zhongfa , Marcucci Guido , Byrd John C. , Grever Michael , Xiao Jim , Chan Kenneth K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAberrant DNA methylation patterns resulting in gene transcriptional repression are observed in numerous cancers. Decitabine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, is being clinically evaluated in patients with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Decitabine is rather unstable and decomposes to 1‐beta‐D‐2′‐deoxyribofuranosyl‐3‐guanylurea under basic conditions and several additional unknown products under neutral conditions. This has greatly limited application of pharmacokinetic assays to clinical development of decitabine. In this paper, a high‐performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet multi‐stage mass spectrometry (HPLC‐UV‐MSn) study of the decomposition of decitabine in water and human plasma revealed that these previously unknown products are isomers of the intermediates formyl‐1‐beta‐D‐2′‐deoxyribofuranosyl‐3‐guanylurea and 1‐beta‐D‐2′‐deoxyribofuranosyl‐3‐guanylurea. A HPLC tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method for the determination of decitabine concentrations in human and rat plasma has been developed. This method was based on a specific fragmentation pathway of the molecular ion of decitabine at m/z 229 to generate a unique fragment ion at m/z 113 under collision‐induced dissociation. Separation of decitabine and the stable internal standard dihydro‐5‐aza‐cytidine from the endogenous interfering substance in plasma extract was carried out on a C18 Aquasil column under an isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of 5% water/acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium formate. The detection of decitabine was via selected reaction monitoring (SRM, 229 > 113), and its ionization was enhanced by post‐column addition of acetonitrile. Effects of sample preparation and handling parameters on the stability of decitabine were also evaluated in human plasma at various temperatures. The accuracy and precision of this assay showed a coefficient of variation of <15% over the range of 0.5–25 ng for rat plasma and 0.1–25 ng for human plasma injected on‐column. Pharmacokinetics of decitabine in rats following intravenous doses of 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg were characterized. In the rat, plasma concentration‐time profiles were found to follow a biexponential decline and the pharmacokinetics was dose‐independent. Application of this decitabine pharmacokinetic assay to human studies is therefore justified and ongoing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphopeptide quantitation using amine‐reactive isobaric tagging reagents and tandem mass spectrometry: application to proteins isolated by gel electrophoresis
Authors: Sachon E. , Mohammed S. , Bache N. , Jensen O. N. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is widely used for protein separation and it is frequently the final step in protein purification in biochemistry and proteomics. Using a commercially available amine‐reactive isobaric tagging reagent (iTRAQ) and mass spectrometry we obtained reproducible, quantitative data from peptides derived by tryptic in‐gel digestion of proteins and phosphoproteins. The protocol combines optimized reaction conditions, miniaturized peptide handling techniques and tandem mass spectrometry to quantify low‐ to sub‐picomole amounts of (phospho)proteins that were isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (Fe(III)‐IMAC) was efficient for removal of excess reagents and for enrichment of derivatized phosphopeptides prior to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) analysis. Phosphopeptide abundance was determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass (LC/MS/MS) using either MALDI time‐of‐flight/time‐of‐flight (TOF/TOF) MS/MS or electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight (ESI‐QTOF) MS/MS instruments. Chemically labeled isobaric phosphopeptides, differing only by the position of the phosphate group, were distinguished and characterized by LC/MS/MS based on their LC elution profile and distinct MS/MS spectra. We expect this quantitative mass spectrometry method to be suitable for systematic, comparative analysis of molecular variants of proteins isolated by gel electrophoresis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotopic analysis of ethanol: study on 18O/16O measurement using a high‐temperature pyrolysis system coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer
Authors: Calderone Giovanni , Reniero Fabiano , Guillou Claude 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 20; 2006, 937–940.
Silica retention in the Iron Gate I reservoir on the Danube River: the role of side bays as nutrient sinks
Authors: McGinnis Daniel F. , Bocaniov Serghei , Teodoru Cristian , Friedl Gabriela , Lorke Andreas , Wüest Alfred 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThere are longstanding concerns about the environmental impacts of super‐dams such as Iron Gate I, the Danube River's largest hydropower scheme. Iron Gate I is suspected of trapping up to 80% (∼590 000 tons per year) of dissolved silica in the form of sedimenting diatom frustules and 30 000 000 tons per year of suspended solids. This study, however, indicates that (i) conditions are unfavorable for primary production in Iron Gate I except for the small quiescent center of Orsova Bay, and the diatom production is much too low for the suspected silica uptake; (ii) Orsova Bay is the most important sediment trap as resuspension does not occur, with ∼1% (82 000 tons per year) suspended solids retention, and (iii) also the only significant silica trap, with ∼0.2% (1000 tons per year) retention. It is most conservatively estimated that no more than 5% of dissolved silica can be retained by the Iron Gate I reservoir, and therefore the earlier estimate of the huge retention can definitely be ruled out. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A parallel cost‐based abductive reasoning system on workstation cluster
Authors: Kato Shohei , Nakamura Tomonori , Itoh Hidenori 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for dynamic load balancing which works efficiently in the workstation cluster environment. A parallel abductive reasoning system based on the proposed method is also proposed. In the workstation cluster environment, parallel processing is performed using workstations with various processing abilities and loads. Thus, dynamic load balancing must consider the performance and loading conditions of the workstations. This paper proposes a method of estimating the processing ability of the workstation during operation, and also a dynamic load balancing algorithm to balance the estimated conditions. Using the proposed method, a parallel abductive reasoning system which can derive the most preferable explanation for a given observation is implemented. The results of experiments on the system are also reported. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(3): 80–89, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10190
Restoration of missing intensity of still images by using optical flow
Authors: Ogawa Takahiro , Haseyama Miki , Kitajima Hideo 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes an accurate method for the restoration of missing intensities of still images by using the optical flow. It is important in restoration to reconstruct missing edges correctly. Therefore, this paper modifies the optical flow conventionally used for motion analysis in video images and applies it to the restoration of missing intensities. Further, the proposed method introduces a new index expressing the correlation of intensities between two pixels into the scheme for calculation of the optical flow in order to obtain a flow which gives more accurate estimated values. The optical flow calculated by this index provides the pixel from the neighborhood whose intensity is most similar to that of the target pixel, so that the estimated intensity is not affected by pixels whose intensities are quite different. Consequently, even when multiple edges pass through the missing area or the direction of the edge changes significantly inside the area, the proposed method can reconstruct the edges correctly. Some experimental results are presented in order to verify the high performance of the proposed method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(3): 49–57, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20376
Development of a video‐rate rangefinder system using light intensity modulation with scanning laser light
Authors: Azuma Takeo , Uomori Kenya , Nobori Kunio , Morimura Atsushi 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe have developed an active rangefinder system that can obtain depth images at video field rates by improving Carrihill's intensity ratio depth sensor. Although the depth sensor can be made at low cost, its depth precision is affected by background light, video noise, and the motion of objects. To reduce such influences, first we used a laser line pattern scanned by a rotating mirror as a light source and a camera with an optical narrow‐bandpass filter—an interference filter—to overcome the background light. Second, we corrected the projected light power at the camera's peripheral field to decrease depth error there. Third, we performed inter‐field median filtering of measured depths to decrease the influence of object motion. As a result, we achieved standard deviations of depths 1.4% and 2.1% in a range of 2.2 to 3 and 3.2 to 4 m, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(3): 20–31, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20423
Development of processor cores for digital consumer appliances
Authors: Arakawa Fumio , Yamada Tetsuya , Okada Takashi , Ishikawa Makoto , Kondo Yuki , Ozawa Motokazu , Kodama Tomoyuki , Nishii Osamu , Hattori Toshihiro , Kamei Tatsuya , Nishimoto Junichi , Yoshioka Shinichi 
Published: February 2006

AbstractEmbedded processors are increasingly being used in digital consumer appliances such as cellular phones, digital still/video cameras, and car navigation systems. They must therefore deliver high performance within a reasonable area and power consumption level, and be flexible to meet a wide range of requirements for various applications. In this paper, we introduce our latest processor core SH‐X developed under the above background. The low‐power version of the SH‐X core achieves 360 MIPS with a power of 80 mW resulting in the high power‐performance ratio of 4500 MIPS/W. The standard version achieves 720 MIPS with a power of 250 mW, 2.8 GFLOPS, and 36M polygons/s graphics performance. The leak currents in the resume standby and U‐standby modes are 100 and 10µA, respectively. The resume standby mode can return the status before the standby in only 3 ms, while the U‐standby mode requires reset sequence to restart. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(3): 10–19, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20450
Embedding of time series data by using dynamic time warping distances
Authors: Mizuhara Yuko , Hayashi Akira , Suematsu Nobuo 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe propose an approach to embedding time series data in a vector space based on the distances obtained from Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), and classifying them in the embedded space. Under the problem formulation in which both labeled data and unlabeled data are given beforehand, we consider three embeddings: embedding in a Euclidean space by MDS, embedding in a pseudo‐Euclidean space, and embedding in a Euclidean space by the Laplacian eigenmap technique. We have found through analysis and experiment that embedding by the Laplacian eigenmap method leads to the best classification results. Furthermore, the proposed approach with Laplacian eigenmap embedding gives better performance than theknearest neighbor method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(3): 1–9, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20486
Software experience when using ontologies in a multi‐agent system for automated planning and scheduling
Authors: González E. J. , Hamilton A. F. , Moreno L. , Marichal R. L. , Muñoz V. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to present the software experience when using multi‐agent systems (MASs) and ontologies in the development of a sample application. In particular, the authors have implemented a MAS for the planning and scheduling of a University Research Group. This MAS, called MASplan, should help group members to find the best possible time frames to hold a meeting and to designate the use of common resources. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medium access control in mobilead hocnetworks: challenges and solutions
Authors: Zhai Hongqiang , Wang Jianfeng , Chen Xiang , Fang Yuguang 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMobilead hocnetworks (MANETs) are useful in environment where fixed network infrastructure is unavailable. To function normally, MANETs demand an efficient and distributed medium access control (MAC) protocol. However, characteristics of MANETs such as radio link vulnerability, mobility, limited power pose great challenges on MAC design. This paper surveys the recent advances in MAC design for MANETs. We first identify the challenges that are facing MAC in MANETs. Then we discuss the proposed MAC schemes according to their design goals, focusing on some critical design issues, and tradeoffs. Finally, we point out some future research directions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ACR: an adaptive communication‐aware routing through maximally zone‐disjoint shortest paths inad hocwireless networks with directional antenna
Authors: Ueda Tetsuro , Tanaka Shinsuke , Komiyama Bokuji , Roy Siuli , Saha Dola , Bandyopadhyay Somprakash 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA fundamental problem that distinguishes wireless networks from wired networks is the mutual interference between routes within the proximity of each other. This phenomenon is known as route coupling and it restricts the possibility of occurrence of simultaneous communications along the coupled routes. In this context, the use of directional antenna, having smaller transmission beam‐width compared to omni‐directional antenna, helps to easily decouple interfering routes, and improves network performance through space division multiple access (SDMA). However, even if we have an efficient directional MAC protocol, it alone would not be able to guarantee good system performance, unless we have a proper routing strategy in place that exploits the advantages of directional antenna. So, in this paper, an adaptive routing strategy is proposed that exploits the advantages of directional antenna inad hocnetworks through the selection of maximally zone‐disjoint shortest routes. Zone‐disjoint routes would minimize the effect of route coupling and improve the overall network performance. The proposed strategy ensures effective load balancing and is applied to design and implement both single path and multipath routing protocols in ad hoc networks with directional antennas. Simulation results obtained on QualNet network simulator shows the effectiveness of the proposed routing protocols. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐efficient broadcast and multicast routing in multihopad hocwirelessnetworks
Authors: Cheng Maggie Xiaoyan , Sun Jianhua , Min Manki , Li Yingshu , Wu Weili 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of broadcasting and multicasting in large scale multihopad hocwireless networks. We focus on the energy‐efficient broadcast routing in stationary networks and consider the case where wireless nodes can dynamically control their transmission power for each broadcast session.Minimum spanning tree (MST) has the property that the longest edge in the tree is the shortest among all the spanning trees. We introduce a new algorithm called minimum longest edge (MLE) that constructs a broadcast tree based on MST, and for networks where nodes have different energy reserves, we introduce minimum weight incremental arborescence (MWIA) algorithm to compute the broadcast tree. Multicast tree can be obtained by pruning broadcast tree. These algorithms provide a scheme to balance the energy consumption among all nodes. The simulation results show that MLE and MWIA improved the energy balance and network lifetime for a wide range of networks, and the improvement is more significant when the network size grows. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interoperability of multicast routing protocols in wireless ad hoc networks
Authors: Viswanath Kumar , Obraczka Katia 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAlthough multihop ad hoc networks (MANETs) have typically been considered as isolated, stand‐alone networks with no connection to the Internet, it is quite likely that future internetworks may interconnect numerous MANET clouds, each running different routing mechanisms. This could be primarily dictated by administrative constraints or different network functional and performance requirements and can result in scenarios where nodes belonging to different MANET clouds running different routing mechanisms may wish to communicate with one another. In this paper, we introduce techniques to allow interoperability of various multicast routing protocols in MANETs. In particular, we investigate two different interoperability techniques, that is, flooding‐based interoperability and facilitator‐assisted interoperability. Our preliminary evaluation of the two techniques indicates that the flooding‐based mechanism is best suited for scenarios involving intermittent communications between different ad hoc domains whereas the facilitator‐assisted approach is best suited for data intensive applications such as video‐conferencing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GARA: a geometry aided routing algorithm
Authors: Daescu O. , Fasui G. , Haridoss K. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe consider the problem of finding themost sustainable path(MSP) between two nodes in a wireless mobilead hocnetwork (MANET). A MSP between two nodes is a path that maximizes the probability of path existence under some probability model. We show how to exploit geometric properties in computing the reliability of a path in the resulting mobility graphG, prove that simple shortest path algorithms such as Dijkstra's algorithm cannot be directly applied in this scenario, and propose an algorithm for computing a single pair MSP in a modified representation ofG. To improve reliability in routing, we also discuss the computation ofkmost sustainable paths under the link metric and under the standard shortest path formulation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.