bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial activity of narrow‐range alcohol oxyethylates
Authors: Blaszczak Jan , Zimoch Jolanta , Hreczuch Wieslaw , Matuszewski Aleksander , Szymanowski Jan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSurface and interfacial tension isotherms for narrow‐range distribution ALFOL 1214 alcohol oxyethylates were determined and compared with those obtained for broad‐range alcohol oxyethylates. Various adsorption parameters were estimated. The effectiveness of surface tension reduction decreases when the length of polyoxyethylene hydrophile increases. Micellization is observed at log cmc ranging from −4.7 to −3.3. Effects of the length and distribution of the polyoxyethylene chain on cmc are very small. A minimum of Amin/Nav0.5 is obtained for Nav=8, where Amin and Nav denote the minimum interfacial area occupied by a statistical molecule at the saturated interface and the average degree of oxyethylation, respectively. The interface becomes saturated at pC20=−5.61±0.35, where pC20 denotes the logarithm of concentration required to obtain the surface pressure equal to 20 mNm−1. The highest and lowest values of the surface excess at saturation and the free energy of adsorption, respectively, are obtained for an average degree of oxyethylation equal to 8. Parameters are correlated with the average degree of oxyethylation and the oxyethylene chain distribution parameter according to empirical second‐order polynomials. Small differences in adsorption abilities at the water/air interface are only observed for narrow‐ and broad‐range distributed oxyethylates. The differences become important for adsorption at the hexadecane/water interface. The lowest values of interfacial tension are obtained for narrow‐range oxyethylates with Nav=7 and 8. The Krefeld fabric detergency tests indicated that the best detergency was observed for alcohol oxyethylates with Nav=5–7. Narrow‐range oxyethylates exhibit somewhat better washing abilities than the broad‐range products. No relationship between detergency of alcohol oxyethylates and their abilities to adsorb at the water/air and water/hydrocarbon interfaces is observed.
Surface activity of mixtures of narrow‐range distributed alcohol oxyethylates and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
Authors: Zimoch J. , Błaszczak J. , Szarzyńska K. , Hrecuch W. , Szymanowski J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSurface and interfacial tension, emulsion inversion temperature, and detergency were determined for mixtures of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and narrow‐range distributed alcohol C12−C14 oxyethylates of different hydrophilicity. The mixtures of ionic and nonionic surfactants behave similarly to nonionic and ionic surfactants at the air/water and hydrocarbon/water interfaces, respectively. The air/water interface is mainly occupied by nonionic surfactant molecules. However, the interfacial tensions for mixtures of nonionic and ionic surfactants are similar to those of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. Mixtures of narrow‐range distributed oxyethylates and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate have a higher detergency at 40°C than individual components.
Hydrotropic properties of a novel alkylnaphthalene sulfonate
Authors: Burns Robert L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAlkylbenzenesulfonates based on toluene, xylene, as well as cumene, and alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, act as hydrotropes in surfactant systems. A novel sodium diisopropyl‐naphthalene sulfonate (SDIPNS) has been devepoped that contains about 92% diisopropylnaphthalene sulfonate, compared to other diisopropylnaphthalene sulfonate preparations that contain less than 50% diisopropylnaphthalene sulfonate. This material is both a hydrotrope and a surfactant. The color of a 35% solution is light yellow, Gardner 3, significantly lighter than comparable materials. Draves wetting time for a 0.5% solution is about 30 s. The Ross‐Miles foam test (1% solution) indicates a significant level of initial foam, but the foam is unstable. The solubilites of toluene and limonene in SDIPNS are much higher than in other hydrotropes tested. Hydrotropes raise the cloud point of nonionic surfactants; SDIPNS is the most efficient hydrotrope found for this application. Another measure of hydrotropicity is the amount of hydrotrope required to clear a cloudy detergent formulation; this hydrotrope is quite effective. Another measure is the modification of surfactant formulation viscosity; SDIPNS is quite effective. Additionally, SDIPNS changes the solubility of nonionic surfactants in water. SDIPNS is a surfactant as well as a hydrotrope, demonstrating a critical micelle concentration at about 1%.
Micellar thin‐layer chromatographic separation of heavy metal cations: Effect of organic and inorganic additives on migration behavior
Authors: Mohammad Ali , Iraqi Eram , Khan Iftkhar Alam 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe migration behavior of heavy metal cations on cellulose layers using aqueous micellar, hydro‐organic, and water‐organic‐surfactant mobile phases was investigated. Anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactant systems were examined over a 0.001–5% concentration range. Brij‐35, a nonionic surfactant capable of forming charged complexes with some metal ions, was identified as the best surfactant. The effect of the presence of organic additives, such as dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, methanol and acetone, on the mobility of metal ions was also studied. Acetone was found to be the most effective additive at 10% concentration with 3% Brij. Quantitative determination of UO22+ by spectrophotometry after preliminary thin‐layer chromatographic (TLC) separation from Fe3+ and Hg2+ was also performed. A maximal recovery of 93% was obtained. This TLC method is rapid, with development times averaging 2 min.
Synthesis and physicochemical studies of methyl‐12‐[1′‐β‐d‐lactosyl]‐octadec‐9‐ene‐1‐oate: A novel biosurfactant analog
Authors: Kanjilal Sanjit , Maiti S. , Kaimal T. N. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSynthesis of a new glycolipid and biosurfactant analog, methyl‐12‐[1′‐β‐d‐lactosyl]‐octadec‐9‐ene‐1‐oate (LOD), has been done from easily accessible renewable resources, namely, lactose and ricinoleic acid from castor oil. Surface and thermodynamic properties at the air/water interface including critical micelle concentration (CMC), aggregation number (<N>), maximal densities (Γmax), minimal area per molecule (Amin), surface pressure at the CMC (ΠCMC) free energy of adsorption (ΔGad0), and free energy of micelle formation per mole of monomer unit (ΔGm0) were investigated. The results indicate that this particular glycolipid, because of branching in the hydrophobic chain, has a comparatively large Amin value and hence a very low CMC, aggregation number, and less free energy of micellization and adsorption at the air/water inter‐face than molecules with a straight hydrophobe, for example, n‐dodecyl‐β‐d‐maltoside. The effects of electrolytes (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and AlCl3) of the same ionic strength and of increasing ionic strength on the interfacial microenvironment of LOD were also investigated. For the same anion, Cl−, and the same ionic strength, different cations were found to have different effects on the CMC of LOD. With increasing ionic strength, different electrolytes were found to have different effects on the interfacially located, highly hydrated aqueous layer of the LOD micelle. The water structure‐making or‐breaking ability of different cations from the interfacial microenvironment of LOD was found to depend on the charge/radius ratio of the cations.
Effect of sesamin on mitochondrial and peroxisomal β‐oxidation of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids in rat liver
Authors: Umeda‐Sawada Rumi , Ogawa Megumi , Nakamura Mayumi , Igarashi Osamu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effects of dietary sesamin on the hepatic metabolism of arachidonic (AA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids, were investigated with respect to their β‐oxidation and secretion as triacylglycerol (TG). For 2 wk, rats were fed three types of dietary oils: (i) corn oil (control) group; (ii) FPA group: FPA ethyl esters/rapeseed oil=2∶3; (iii) AA group: AA ethyl esters/palm oil/perilla oil=2∶2∶1, with or without 0.5% (w/w) of sesamin. Dietary sesamin significantly increased the activities of hepatic mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation enzymes (mitochondrial carnitine acyltransferase I, acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, and peroxisomal acyl‐CoA oxidase). Dietary FPA increased mitochondrial carnitine acyltransferase I and peroxisomal acyl‐CoA oxidase. Dietary AA, however, had an effect on peroxisomal acyl‐CoA oxidase only. In whole liver and the TG fraction, EPA and AA concentrations were significantly increased by dietary EPA and AA, respectively, and were decreased by dietary sesamin. In hepatic mitochondria and peroxisomes, EPA concentration was increased by dietary EPA, but AA was not changed by dietary AA. The addition of dietary sesamin to the EPA‐supplemented diet significantly decreased the EPA concentration compared to concentrations found with consumption of dietary EPA alone. These results suggest that sesamin increased β‐oxidation enzyme activities and reduced hepatic EPA and AA concentrations by degradation. The stimulating effect of sesamin on β‐oxidation, however, was more significant in the EPA group than in the AA group. Hepatic AA concentration was altered by the joint effect of sesamin through esterification into TG and the stimulation of β‐oxidation.
Effect of fenitrothion on the physical properties of crustacean lipoproteins
Authors: Garcia C. F. , Cunningham M. , González‐Baró M. R. , Garda H. , Pollero R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of the liposoluble organophosphorus insecticide fenitrothion (FS) on lipid packing and rotation of two crustacean plasma HDL was investigated. These lipoproteins, HDL‐1 and HDL‐2, differed in their lipid composition, but their lipid/protein ratios were similar. The rotational behavior of the fluorescent probes 1,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene (DPH) and 3‐(p‐(6‐phenyl)‐1,3,5‐hexatrienyl) phenylpropionic acid (DPH‐PA) was used to obtain information about the lipid dynamics in the outer and inner regions, respectively, of the lipid phase of the lipoproteins. Fluorescent steady‐state anisotropy (rs), lifetime (τ), rotational correlation time (τr), and the limiting anisotropy (r∞) of these probes were measured in the lipoproteins exposed to different concentrations of FS in vitro. The results showed the penetration of FS into both plasma lipoproteins, altering the lipid dynamics of the inner as well as the outer regions. The overall effect of the insecticide was to induce an increase in the lipid order in a concentration‐dependent fashion. DPH and DPH‐PA fluorescence‐lifetime shortening indicated that FS increased the polarity of the probe environment, suggesting an enhanced water penetration into the lipoprotein lipid phase, may be due to the induction of failures in the lipid packing. Even in the absence of FS, a higher ordering of the lipid phase was found in HDL‐2 compared to HDL‐1, a fact that might be attributed to a higher percentage of sphingomyelin in HDL‐2.
From gallstones to genes: Two hundred years of sterol research. A tribute to George J. Schroepfer Jr.
Authors: Gibbons Geoffrey F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe origins of cholesterol research can be traced to prerevolutionary France. The discovery of cholesterol as a single substance, present in human gallstones, owes much to the scientists of l'Académie Française, including Lavoisier, who contributed so much to the emergence of chemistry as a modern scientific discipline. Since that time, cholesterol probably has been the most intensively scrutinized natural product of all time, and it has been the subject of Nobel Prizes for several who have studied its structure, biosynthesis, and regulation. The pace of research into cholesterol shows no sign of diminishing, and recent discoveries have led to the recognition that the regulation of cholesterol metabolism is intimately linked with that of other metabolic pathways. Details of these interactions are only just emerging, but it is becoming apparent that under some circumstances it is difficult to reconcile, in a conventional manner, changes in regulatory gene expression with corresponding changes in pathway carbon flux. The present review includes some of our studies on the roles of the transcription factors sterol regulatory element‐binding protein, liver X‐receptor α, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α in the coordination of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis and describes how some of the results obtained can best be interpreted from a Metabolic Control Analysis perspective of the regulation of pathway carbon fluxes.
4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxycinnamate esters of milkweed oil: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Harry‐O'kuru Rogers E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) is a new industrial crop. Its seed oil (TAG) is highly polyunsaturated. In the search for novel applications for milkweed seed oil, the olefinic groups in the TAG were oxidized to polyhydroxy TAG via epoxidation and subsequent epoxy ring‐opening reactions. These polyhydroxy TAG exhibit unique industrially desirable emulsoid properties in water. Esterification of the secondary polyhydroxy functionalities of the TAG derivatives of the oil with trans‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxycinnamic acid (ferulic acid) has resulted in the development of novel cinnamate esters of milkweed oil. These cinnamates are also obtainable via direct ring‐opening of the epoxy TAG intermediate with ferulic acid. Among the interesting characteristics of the ester derivatives is their UV radiation‐absorbing property.
Influence of dietary saturated fatty acids on the regulation of plasma cholesterol concentration
Authors: Wilke Michaelann S. , Clandinin M. Thomas 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe specific effects of individual fatty acids (FA) on plasma cholesterol levels, in the range habitually consumed by humans, is not usually presented by the literature. Conclusions have been made regarding the cholesterolemic effect of individual FA, even though these FA cannot be tested individually. It appears that FA balance of the diet may be more important than individual FA intakes. Variation in plasma cholesterol response to diet is influenced by many factors, such as gene‐nutrient interactions. The effect on human health of current processes used in the food industry that are certain to change dietary fat composition and TG structure is yet to be fully explored. Some of the relevant research regarding dietary fat and plasma cholesterol levels is reviewed.
Influence of stearic acid on hemostatic risk factors in humans
Authors: Tholstrup Tine 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStearic acid has been claimed to be prothrombotic. Elevated plasma factor VII coagulant activity (FVIIc) may raise the risk of coronary thrombosis in the event of plaque rupture. Fibrinogen, an acute‐phase protein, is necessary for normal blood clotting; however, elevated levels of fibrinogen increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Here I report the results of three controlled, human dietary intervention studies, which used a randomized crossover design to investigate the hemostatic effects of stearic acid‐rich test diets in healthy young men. A diet high in stearic acid (shea butter) resulted in a 13% lower fasting plasma FVIIc than a high palmitic acid diet, and was 18% lower than a diet high in myristic and lauric acids (P=0.001) after 3 wk of intervention. The stearic acid‐rich test fat increased plasma fibrinogen concentrations slightly compared with the myristic‐lauric acid diet (P<0.01). When investigating the acute effects of fatty meals, those high in stearic acid (synthesized test fat) resulted in a smaller postprandial increase in FVII than those high in trans and oleic FA, indicating a smaller increase in activated FVII after ingesting stearic acid compared with fats high in monounsaturated FA, probably caused by lower postprandial lipemia. Thus, the present investigations did not find dietary stearic acid to be more thrombogenic, in either fasting effects compared with other longchain FA, or in acute effects compared with dietary unsaturated FA, including trans monounsaturated FA. The slightly increased effect on fasting plasma fibrinogen may be biologically insignificant, but it should be investigated further.
Trans isomeric octadecenoic acids are related inversely to arachidonic acid and DHA and positively related to mead acid in umbilical vessel wall lipids
Authors: Decsi Tamás , Boehm Günther , Tjoonk H. M. Ria , Molnár Szilárd , Dijck‐Brouwer D. A. Janneke , Hadders‐Algra Mijna , Martini Ingrid A. , Muskiet Frits A. J. , Boersma E. Rudy 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLong‐chain PUFA play an important role in early human neurodevelopment. Significant inverse correlations were reported between values of trans isomeric and long‐chain PUFA in plasma lipids of preterm infants and children aged 1–15 yr as well as in venous cord blood lipids of full‐term infants. Here we report FA compositional data of cord blood vessel wall lipids in 308 healthy, full‐term infants (gestational age: 39.7±1.2 wk, birth weight: 3528±429 g, mean±SD). The median (interquartile range) of the sum of 18‐carbon trans FA was 0.22 (0.13)% w/w in umbilical artery and 0.16 (0.10)% w/w in umbilical vein lipids. Nonparametric correlation analysis showed significant inverse correlations between the sum of 18‐carbon trans FA and both arachidonic acid and DHA in artery (r=−0.38, P<0.01, and r=−0.20, P<0.01) and vein (r=−0.36, P<0.01, and −0.17, P<0.01) wall lipids. In addition, the sum of 18‐carbon trans FA was significantly positively correlated to Mead acid, a general indicator of EFA deficiency, in both artery (r=+0.35, P<0.01) and vein (r=+0.31, P<0.01) wall lipids. The present results obtained in a large group of full‐term infants suggest that maternal trans FA intake is inversely associated with long‐chain PUFA status of the infant at birth.
Synthesis of 9,9,9‐trideutero‐1,4‐dihydroxynonane mercapturic acid (d3‐DHN‐MA), a useful internal standard for DHN‐MA urinalysis
Authors: Chantegrel B. , Deshayes C. , Doutheau A. , Steghens J. P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRacemic 1,4‐dihydroxynonane mercapturic acid (DHN‐MA) and 9,9,9‐trideutero‐1,4‐dihydroxynonane mercapturic acid (d3‐DHN‐MA) are synthesized on a 400‐mg scale (over‐all yield ∼40%) by a two‐step sequence involving Michael addition of N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine to methyl‐4‐hydroxynon‐2(E)‐enoate or methyl 9,9,9‐trideutero‐4‐hydroxynon‐2(E)‐enoate, followed by reduction of the intermediate adducts with lithium borohydride. The requisite starting methyl esters are obtained, respectively, from heptanal or 7,7,7‐trideuteroheptanal and methyl 4‐chlorophenyl‐sulfinylacetate via a sulfoxide piperidine and carbonyl reaction described in the literature. The 7,7,7‐trideuteroheptanal is easily prepared by classical methods in four steps from 6‐bromo‐1‐hexanol. 13C NMR data indicate that DHN‐MA as well as d3‐DHN‐MA are obtained as mixtures of four diastereomers. Preliminary results show that d3‐DHN‐MA could be used as an internal standard for mass spectrometric quantification of DHN‐MA in human urine.
Antioxidant‐restricted diet reduces plasma nonesterified fatty acids in trained athletes
Authors: Watson Trent A. , Blake Robert J. , Callister Robin , Garg Manohar L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNonesterified FA (NEFA) are a major fuel source for humans at rest and during moderate exercise. The effect of dietary antioxidant restriction on plasma NEFA levels and exercise performance in trained athletes was examined. Seventeen athletes followed a 2‐wk restricted‐antioxidant (R‐AO) diet, which resulted in a threefold reduction in antioxidant intake (ascorbic acid, 139 to 49 mg; β‐carotene, 5093 to 1142 μg) and a significant (P=0.001) reduction in the plasma NEFA. The amount and types of fat consumed were not different between the R‐AO and habitual diets. Exercise time to exhaustion was not affected by the R‐AO diet, but rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was significantly (P=0.03) elevated. The increase in RPE may have occurred as a result of the R‐AO diet and subsequent reduction in plasma NEFA; however, further research is required to confirm this conclusion.
Surgical Treatment of Pheochromocytomas
Authors: Gavaghan Mary 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTPheochromocytomas are tumors that develop from chromaffin tissue of the embryonic sympathoadrenal system. These tumors may occur anywhere chromaffin tissue exists but most often develop in the adrenal medulla. Less than 50% of patients are diagnosed with pheochromocytomas while alive, and most of these tumors are found on autopsy. The classic signs and symptoms of pheochromocytomas are headache, perspiration, palpitations, pallor, and paroxysmal hypertension. Elevated levels of vanillylmandelic acid and metanephrines in patients' 24‐hour urine collections are the most reliable diagnostic indicators of pheochromocytomas. Most patients with pheochromocytomas can be cured if diagnoses and surgical resections of tumors occur before irreversible cardiovascular disease and end‐organ damage from hypertension develop. AORN J 65 (June 1997) 1041‐1071.
Case–control study of multidrug resistance phenotype and response to induction treatment including or not fludarabine in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia patients
Authors: Malagola Michele , Damiani Daniela , Martinelli Giovanni , Michelutti Angela , Cesana Bruno , Vivo Antonio De , Piccaluga Pier Paolo , Ottaviani Emanuela , Candoni Anna , Geromin Antonella , Tiribelli Mario , Fanin Renato , Testoni Nicoletta , Lauria Francesco , Bocchia Monica , Gobbi Marco , Pierri Ivana , Zaccaria Alfonso , Zuffa Eliana , Mazza Patrizio , Priccolo Giancarla , Gugliotta Luigi , Bonini Alessandro , Visani Giuseppe , Skert Cristina , Bergonzi Cesare , Roccaro Aldo Maria , Filí Carla , Baccarani Michele , Russo Domenico 
Published: November 2006

SummaryOne hundred and six patients aged ≤60 years with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) treated with fludarabine‐based regimens (cases) were matched with 106 AML patients treated with conventional non‐fludarabine‐based regimens (controls). The cases and controls were matched by expression of the multidrug resistance P‐glycoprotein (MDR‐Pgp), measured by flow cytometry as mean fluorescence index (MFI), cytogenetics, and age. The complete remission (CR) rate of the cases was 61% among the MDR‐Pgp‐positive (posve) patients (MFI ≥ 6) vs. 75% among the MDR‐Pgp‐negative (negve) ones (MFI < 6) (P = 0·16). Conversely, in the controls, the CR rate was 44% among the MDR‐Pgp‐posve patients vs. 67% among the MDR‐Pgp‐negve ones (P = 0·02). The 4‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of MDR‐Pgp‐posve cases were significantly longer than those of MDR‐Pgp‐posve controls (DFS, 28·1% vs. 6·5%, P = 0·004; OS, 33·5% vs. 9·6%, P = 0·01). This difference was not found among the MDR‐Pgp‐negve patients. By univariate (P = 0·007) and multivariate (P = 0·007) analysis, the MDR‐Pgp‐posve phenotype was negatively correlated with CR and it emerged as the most important independent negative prognostic factor, after cytogenetics. Our study confirms the prognostic impact of the MDR phenotype in AML and strongly suggests fludarabine‐based induction treatments as a promising strategy for MDR‐Pgp‐posve AML patients. In this setting of patients, large prospective randomised studies should be planned.