bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Along‐strike variation of fault slip rate of a transform plate boundary in Tierra del Fuego (South Patagonia)
Authors: Vassallo Riccardo , Martinod Joseph , Roy Sandrine , Sue Christian , Astrade Laurent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Magallanes–Fagnano Fault is an active strike‐slip structure accommodating the relative displacement between South America and the Scotia Plate. The Chilean portion of the fault is poorly studied because most of it runs below the sea level in the Strait of Magellan. Our tectonic geomorphological study is focused on a rare onshore fault section, along which streams horizontally deflected by hundreds of metres since the last main deglaciation are compatible with a dominant left‐lateral fault kinematics and yield a slip rate of 15.7 ± 2.4 mm/year. This rate is between 2 and 3 times higher than the one estimated on the Argentinian portion of the fault over the same period. This spatial variation may be due to both glacial unloading on the fault zone and/or structural factors. These results point out the need to study strike‐slip faults on several portions to unravel behaviour changes related to internal or external forcing.
Integrating multi‐omics data reveals energy and stress signaling activated by abscisic acid in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yoshida Takuya , Mergner Julia , Yang Zhenyu , Liu Jinghui , Kuster Bernhard , Fernie Alisdair R. , Grill Erwin 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYPhytohormones are essential signaling molecules regulating various processes in growth, development, and stress responses. Genetic and molecular studies, especially using Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), have discovered many important players involved in hormone perception, signal transduction, transport, and metabolism. Phytohormone signaling pathways are extensively interconnected with other endogenous and environmental stimuli. However, our knowledge of the huge and complex molecular network governed by a hormone remains limited. Here we report a global overview of downstream events of an abscisic acid (ABA) receptor, REGULATORY COMPONENTS OF ABA RECEPTOR (RCAR) 6 (also known as PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE 1 [PYR1]‐LIKE [PYL] 12), by integrating phosphoproteomic, proteomic and metabolite profiles. Our data suggest that the RCAR6 overexpression constitutively decreases the protein levels of its coreceptors, namely clade A protein phosphatases of type 2C, and activates sucrose non‐fermenting‐1 (SNF1)‐related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) and SnRK2, the central regulators of energy and ABA signaling pathways. Furthermore, several enzymes in sugar metabolism were differentially phosphorylated and expressed in the RCAR6 line, and the metabolite profile revealed altered accumulations of several organic acids and amino acids. These results indicate that energy‐ and water‐saving mechanisms mediated by the SnRK1 and SnRK2 kinases, respectively, are under the control of the ABA receptor‐coreceptor complexes.
Linear isometries of noncommutative L0$L_0$‐spaces
Authors: Ber Aleksey , Huang Jinghao , Sukochev Fedor 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe description of (commutative and noncommutative) ‐isometries has been studied thoroughly since the seminal work of Banach. In the present paper, we provide a complete description for the limiting case, isometries on noncommutative ‐spaces, which extends the Banach–Stone theorem and Kadison's theorem for isometries of von Neumann algebras. The result is new even in the commutative setting.
Development of an enhanced scoring system to predict ICU readmission or in-hospital death within 24 hours using routine patient data from two NHS Foundation Trusts
Authors: Pimentel Marco A F , Johnson Alistair , Darbyshire Julie Lorraine , Tarassenko Lionel , Clifton David A , Walden Andrew , Rechner Ian , Watkinson Peter J , Young J Duncan 
Published: April 2024

RationaleIntensive care units (ICUs) admit the most severely ill patients. Once these patients are discharged from the ICU to a step-down ward, they continue to have their vital signs monitored by nursing staff, with Early Warning Score (EWS) systems being used to identify those at risk of deterioration.ObjectivesWe report the development and validation of an enhanced continuous scoring system for predicting adverse events, which combines vital signs measured routinely on acute care wards (as used by most EWS systems) with a risk score of a future adverse event calculated on discharge from the ICU.DesignA modified Delphi process identified candidate variables commonly available in electronic records as the basis for a ‘static’ score of the patient’s condition immediately after discharge from the ICU. L1-regularised logistic regression was used to estimate the in-hospital risk of future adverse event. We then constructed a model of physiological normality using vital sign data from the day of hospital discharge. This is combined with the static score and used continuously to quantify and update the patient’s risk of deterioration throughout their hospital stay.SettingData from two National Health Service Foundation Trusts (UK) were used to develop and (externally) validate the model.ParticipantsA total of 12 394 vital sign measurements were acquired from 273 patients after ICU discharge for the development set, and 4831 from 136 patients in the validation cohort.ResultsOutcome validation of our model yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.724 for predicting ICU readmission or in-hospital death within 24 hours. It showed an improved performance with respect to other competitive risk scoring systems, including the National EWS (0.653).ConclusionsWe showed that a scoring system incorporating data from a patient’s stay in the ICU has better performance than commonly used EWS systems based on vital signs alone.Trial registration numberISRCTN32008295.
Impact of health education on promoting influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Xie Weiguang , Xiao Jingyi , Chen Jingyi , Huang Anzhong , Huang Xuehua , He Shaoyi , Xu Lin 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionInfluenza is a major public health threat, and vaccination is the most effective prevention method. However, vaccination coverage remains suboptimal. Low health literacy regarding influenza vaccination may contribute to vaccine hesitancy. This study aims to evaluate the effect of health education interventions on influenza vaccination rates and health literacy.Methods and analysisThis cluster randomised controlled trial will enrol 3036 students in grades 4–5 from 20 primary schools in Dongguan City, China. Schools will be randomised to an intervention group receiving influenza vaccination health education or a control group receiving routine health education. The primary outcome is the influenza vaccination rate. Secondary outcomes include health literacy levels, influenza diagnosis rate, influenza-like illness incidence and vaccine protection rate. Data will be collected through questionnaires, influenza surveillance and self-reports at baseline and study conclusion.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been sought from the Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University. Findings from the study will be made accessible to both peer-reviewed journals and key stakeholders.Trial registration numberNCT06048406.
Red filter meibography by smartphones in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction: a validity and reliability study
Authors: Anissa Gisela Haza , La Distia Nora Rina , Widyawati Syska , Sitompul Ratna , Yusuf Prasandhya Astagiri , Kekalih Aria 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of the red filter meibography by smartphone compared with infrared in assessing meibomian gland drop-out.Methods and analysisAn analytical cross-sectional study was done with a total of 35 subjects (68 eyes) with suspected MGD based on symptoms and lid morphological abnormalities. Meibomian glands were photographed using two smartphones (Samsung S9 and iPhone XR) on a slit-lamp with added red filter. Images were assessed subjectively using meiboscore by the two raters and drop-out percentages were assessed by ImageJ.ResultsThere was no agreement in meiboscore and a minimal level of agreement in drop-out percentages between red filter meibography and infrared. Inter-rater reliability showed no agreement between two raters. Intra-rater reliability demonstrated weak agreement in rater 1 and no agreement in rater 2.ConclusionValidity of the red filter meibography technique by smartphones is not yet satisfactory in evaluating drop-out. Further improvement on qualities of images must be done and research on subjective assessment was deemed necessary due to poor results of intrarater and inter-rater reliability.
Armored TGFβRIIDN ROR1-CAR T cells reject solid tumors and resist suppression by constitutively-expressed and treatment-induced TGFβ1
Authors: Tran Tri Minh , Chand Thakuri Bal Krishna , Nurmukhambetova Saule , Lee Jia-Jye , Hu Peirong , Tran Ngoc Q , Steimle Brittany , Dash Pradyot , Schneider Dina 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy target receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is broadly expressed in hematologic and solid tumors, however clinically-characterized ROR1-CAR T cells with single chain variable fragment (scFv)-R12 targeting domain failed to induce durable remissions, in part due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we describe the development of an improved ROR1-CAR with a novel, fully human scFv9 targeting domain, and augmented with TGFβRIIDN armor protective against a major TME factor, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ).MethodsCAR T cells were generated by lentiviral transduction of enriched CD4+and CD8+T cells, and the novel scFv9-based ROR1-CAR-1 was compared with the clinically-characterized ROR1-R12-scFv-based CAR-2 in vitro and in vivo.ResultsCAR-1 T cells exhibited greater CAR surface density than CAR-2 when normalized for %CAR+, and produced more interferon (IFN)-γ tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-2 in response to hematologic (Jeko-1, RPMI-8226) and solid (OVCAR-3, Capan-2, NCI-H226) tumor cell lines in vitro. In vivo, CAR-1 and CAR-2 both cleared hematologic Jeko-1 lymphoma xenografts, however only CAR-1 fully rejected ovarian solid OVCAR-3 tumors, concordantly with greater expansion of CD8+and CD4+CAR T cells, and enrichment for central and effector memory phenotype. When equipped with TGFβ-protective armor TGFβRIIDN, CAR-1 T cells resisted TGFβ-mediated pSmad2/3 phosphorylation, as compared with CAR-1 alone. When co-cultured with ROR-1+AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer line in the presence of TGFβ1, armored CAR-1 demonstrated improved recovery of killing function, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 secretion. In mouse AsPC-1 pancreatic tumor xenografts overexpressing TGFβ1, armored CAR-1, in contrast to CAR-1 alone, achieved complete tumor remissions, and yielded accelerated expansion of CAR+T cells, diminished circulating active TGFβ1, and no apparent toxicity or weight loss. Unexpectedly, in AsPC-1 xenografts without TGFβ overexpression, TGFβ1 production was specifically induced by ROR-1-CAR T cells interaction with ROR-1 positive tumor cells, and the TGFβRIIDN armor conferred accelerated tumor clearance.ConclusionsThe novel fully human TGFßRIIDN-armored ROR1-CAR-1 T cells are highly potent against ROR1-positive tumors, and withstand the inhibitory effects of TGFß in solid TME. Moreover, TGFβ1 induction represents a novel, CAR-induced checkpoint in the solid TME, which can be circumvented by co-expressing the TGβRIIDN armor on T cells.
Risk of extended major adverse cardiovascular event endpoints with tofacitinib versus TNF inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a post hoc analysis of a phase 3b/4 randomised safety study
Authors: Buch Maya H , Bhatt Deepak L , Charles-Schoeman Christina , Giles Jon T , Mikuls Ted , Koch Gary G , Ytterberg Steven , Nagy Edward , Jo Hyejin , Kwok Kenneth , Connell Carol A , Masri Karim Richard , Yndestad Arne 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesCompare the risk of extended major adverse cardiovascular (CV) event (MACE) composite outcomes and component events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with tofacitinib versus tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in Oral Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial (ORAL) Surveillance.MethodsPatients with RA aged ≥50 years and with ≥1 additional CV risk factor received tofacitinib 5 mg or 10 mg two times per day or TNFi. MACE (non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), non-fatal stroke or CV death (MACE-3)) was extended by sequential addition of CV events (hospitalisation for unstable angina (MACE-4), coronary revascularisation (MACE-5), transient ischaemic attack (MACE-6), peripheral vascular disease (MACE-7)), heart failure (HF) hospitalisation (MACE-8) and venous thromboembolism (VTE; (MACE-8 plus VTE)). HRs (tofacitinib vs TNFi) were evaluated for MACE and individual components.ResultsHRs for MACE-4 to MACE-8 with combined and individual tofacitinib doses versus TNFi were similar. Risk of MACE-8 plus VTE appeared similar with tofacitinib 5 mg two times per day versus TNFi (HR 1.12 (0.82 to 1.52)), but higher with tofacitinib 10 mg two times per day versus TNFi (HR 1.38 (1.02 to 1.85)). Risk of MI was higher with tofacitinib versus TNFi, but difference in risk of other individual CV events was not suggested. Across extended MACE definitions, risk appeared higher with tofacitinib versus TNFi in those with atherosclerotic CV disease or age ≥65 years.ConclusionIn ORAL Surveillance, risk of composite CV endpoints combining all ischaemic CV events and HF did not appear different with tofacitinib versus TNFi. The totality of CV risk was higher with tofacitinib 10 mg two times per day versus TNFi, driven by an increase in VTE.Trial registration numberNCT02092467.
Comparison of active tuberculosis occurrence associated with Janus kinase inhibitors and biological DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Song Yun-Kyoung , Lee Jaehee , Jo Junwoo , Kwon Jin-Won 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the risk of tuberculosis associated with the use of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors or biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in South Korea.MethodsIn this nationwide matched-cohort study, we retrospectively identified adult patients with new-onset RA from the National Health Insurance Service database who were prescribed bDMARDs or JAK inhibitors and recently underwent latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening during 2012‒2021, and followed them up until the end of 2022 for the development of active tuberculosis. HRs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression in a propensity score-matched cohort.ResultsAmong 16 760 matched patients with RA (3352 JAK inhibitor users and 13 408 bDMARD users), 18.8% received tuberculosis preventive therapy for LTBI. Overall, JAK inhibitor users had a significantly lower risk of tuberculosis than bDMARD users (HR (95% CI)=0.37 (0.22 to 0.62)). Among the patients treated for LTBI, patients with low treatment adherence had a significantly higher risk than those without LTBI (HR (95% CI)=2.78 (1.74 to 4.44)). Patients without LTBI and using JAK inhibitors had a significantly lower risk of tuberculosis across all ages and sexes compared with bDMARD users.ConclusionPatients with RA using JAK inhibitors have a significantly lower risk of active tuberculosis than bDMARD users in South Korea; however, patients with RA having LTBI are equally at risk regardless of the treatment received (JAK inhibitor vs bDMARD). Therefore, vigilant tuberculosis monitoring, especially in patients with low adherence to tuberculosis preventive therapy, is essential.
Analysis of belimumab prescription and outcomes in a 10-year monocentric cohort: is there an advantage with early use?
Authors: Tani Chiara , Zucchi Dina , Cardelli Chiara , Elefante Elena , Signorini Viola , Schilirò Davide , Cascarano Giancarlo , Gualtieri Luca , Valevich Anastasiya , Puccetti Giulia , Carli Linda , Stagnaro Chiara , Mosca Marta 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThe objective is to evaluate perscriptions of belimumab (BEL), how these have changed over the years and their impact on clinical outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. We retrieved demographic and clinical data and concomitant therapies at BEL starting (baseline). Disease activity was assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months and organ damage at baseline and at the last visit.ResultsFrom 422 patients followed in the Pisa SLE cohort, 102 patients received BEL and were included and 22 (21.6%) were immunosuppressant (IS)-naïve. Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) with a glucocorticoid (GC) dosage ≤5 mg/day (LLDAS5) and remission were achieved by 47% and 38% of patients at 6 months, and by 75% and 66% at 12 months. Comparing IS-naïve patients with those who received BEL after at least one conventional IS, we did not find significant differences in baseline characteristics and in the achievement of LLDAS5 and remission. Despite at baseline we did not observe significant differences in mean GC daily dosage, IS-naïve patients were taking a significantly lower GC daily dose at 6 and 12 months. Interestingly, IS-naïve patients were more common in the most recent years.ConclusionsOur data confirm that BEL is effective in controlling disease activity, and in recent years BEL has been considered as an earlier treatment option before other IS. Early introduction of BEL can be at least as effective as a step-up approach and can help to reduce the GC dosage.
Understanding the psychosocial determinants of effective disease management in rheumatoid arthritis to prevent persistently active disease: a qualitative study
Authors: Stoll Nkasi , Dey Mrinalini , Norton Sam , Adas Maryam , Bosworth Ailsa , Buch Maya H , Cope Andrew , Lempp Heidi , Galloway James , Nikiphorou Elena 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundAccording to epidemiological studies, psychosocial factors are known to be associated with disease activity, physical activity, pain, functioning, treatment help-seeking, treatment waiting times and mortality in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Limited qualitative inquiry into the psychosocial factors that add to RA disease burden and potential synergistic interactions with biological parameters makes it difficult to understand patients’ perspectives from the existing literature.AimThis study aimed to gather in-depth patient perspectives on psychosocial determinants that drive persistently active disease in RA, to help guide optimal patient care.MethodsPatient research partners collaborated on the research design and materials. Semistructured interviews and focus groups were conducted online (in 2021) with patients purposively sampled from diverse ethnicities, primary languages, employment status and occupations. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.Results45 patients participated across 28 semistructured interviews and three focus groups. Six main themes on psychosocial determinants that may impact RA management were identified: (1) healthcare systems experiences, (2) patient education and health literacy, (3) employment and working conditions, (4) social and familial support, (5) socioeconomic (dis)advantages, and (6) life experiences and well-being practices.ConclusionThis study emphasises the importance of clinicians working closely with patients and taking a holistic approach to care that incorporates psychosocial factors into assessments, treatment plans and resources. There is an unmet need to understand the relationships between interconnected biopsychosocial factors, and how these may impact on RA management.
Development and evaluation of a deep learning-based model for simultaneous detection and localization of rib and clavicle fractures in trauma patients’ chest radiographs
Authors: Cheng Chi-Tung , Kuo Ling-Wei , Ouyang Chun-Hsiang , Hsu Chi-Po , Lin Wei-Cheng , Fu Chih-Yuan , Kang Shih-Ching , Liao Chien-Hung 
Published: April 2024

PurposeTo develop a rib and clavicle fracture detection model for chest radiographs in trauma patients using a deep learning (DL) algorithm.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively collected 56 145 chest X-rays (CXRs) from trauma patients in a trauma center between August 2008 and December 2016. A rib/clavicle fracture detection DL algorithm was trained using this data set with 991 (1.8%) images labeled by experts with fracture site locations. The algorithm was tested on independently collected 300 CXRs in 2017. An external test set was also collected from hospitalized trauma patients in a regional hospital for evaluation. The receiver operating characteristic curve with area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and negative predictive value of the model on each test set was evaluated. The prediction probability on the images was visualized as heatmaps.ResultsThe trained DL model achieved an AUC of 0.912 (95% CI 87.8 to 94.7) on the independent test set. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity on the given cut-off value are 83.7, 86.8, and 80.4, respectively. On the external test set, the model had a sensitivity of 88.0 and an accuracy of 72.5. While the model exhibited a slight decrease in accuracy on the external test set, it maintained its sensitivity in detecting fractures.ConclusionThe algorithm detects rib and clavicle fractures concomitantly in the CXR of trauma patients with high accuracy in locating lesions through heatmap visualization.
Free surface oscillation driven by rotating stirrer
Authors: Watamura Tomoaki , Iwata Reiji , Sugiyama Kazuyasu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To gain insights into the mechanisms of free surface oscillation in a rotating mixing container, we observe the free surface deformation and measure the torque acting on the bar. The container was half-filled with liquids. Periodic surface oscillation occurs. At the rotational speed where the amplitude of the oscillation reaches its maximum, the time-averaged torque also takes the local maximum values. To account for the sloshing mechanism, an equation of motion is derived using the Lagrangian mechanics; we found that the sloshing occurs when the collision frequency of bar on the surface is consistent with the natural frequency of the system and the damping coefficient is sufficiently smaller than unity. The time-averaged torque increases when the sloshing becomes violent. We conclude that the hydrodynamics of oscillation is successfully modeled using point-mass mechanics, and thus we can reasonably capture the rotation speed at which violent oscillation occurs.

Graphical Abstract
Free surface deformation driven by the rotating arm in the cylindrical container which is half-filled with liquids
Proposta de zoneamento ambiental para bacias hidrográficas: Aplicação na Unidade de Planejamento e Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos Afluentes Mineiros do Baixo Paranaíba
Authors: Rosa Rafael Mendes , Ferreira Vanderlei de Oliveira 
Published: April 2024

The growing – and almost always devoid of criterion – exploitation of natural resources raised the importance of initiatives related to environmental conservation. In this context, environmental zoning has become a fundamental instrument in territorial management. This article proposes a methodological procedure for environmental zoning specifically oriented for watersheds, with demonstrative application in the Water Resources Planning and Management Unit from Lower Paranaíba River Tributary Watersheds, state of Minas Gerais (Brazil). The proposal includes assessing vulnerability to soil loss, qualitative and quantitative vulnerability of surface waters, and the situation of legally protected areas. The methodology involves recognizing conflicts from the intersection of the above-mentioned vulnerabilities and legally protected areas with land use, constituting a zoning model capable of indicating areas for preservation, recovery, and management. The work is expected to be useful to managers and the model to be applied in similar territorial units.