bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incomplete emptying and urinary retention in multiple‐system atrophy: When does it occur and how do we manage it?
Authors: Ito Takashi , Sakakibara Ryuji , Yasuda Kosaku , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Liu Zhi , Yamanishi Tomonori , Awa Yusuke , Yamamoto Kaori , Hattori Takamichi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNeurogenic urinary retention can be a major cause of morbidity in multiple‐system atrophy (MSA). However, the timing of its appearance has not been entirely clear, and neither have the medical and surgical modalities for managing patients. We present the data obtained from our uroneurological assessment and therapeutic interventions at various stages of MSA. We recruited 245 patients with probable MSA. We measured postvoid residuals (PVR) and performed EMG cystometry in all patients. The grand average volume of PVR was 140 mL (range, 0–760) in our patients. The average PVR volume was 71 mL in the first year, increasing to 129 mL in the second year and 170 mL by the fifth year. The percentages of patients with complete urinary retention, acontractile detrusor, and detrusor–sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) also increased. The increase in PVR resulted in a decrease in functional bladder capacity, together with an increase in detrusor overactivity and neurogenic sphincter EMG. Clean intermittent self‐catheterization (CISC) was introduced in most patients. Bladder‐oriented therapy (cholinergic agents) had a limited value, whereas urethra‐oriented therapy benefited patients with DSD (surgery) for up to 2 years, but syncope occurred in a subset of patients (α‐blockers). MSA patients present with large PVR by the second year of illness, and that large PVR secondarily causes urinary frequency. CISC is the recommended treatment for most patients. Urethra‐oriented medication and surgery benefit patients who would have difficulty performing CISC, although careful consideration of the short‐term efficacy and potential adverse effects of these alternatives is mandatory. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
In vivo localized 1H MR spectroscopy of rat testes: Stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) combined with short TI inversion recovery (STIR) improves the detection of metabolite signals
Authors: Yamaguchi Masayuki , Mitsumori Fumiyuki , Watanabe Hidehiro , Takaya Nobuhiro , Minami Manabu 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA noninvasive NMR technique for evaluating testicular function was explored in this study. Localized in vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy was performed on rat testes using a stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence with a short echo time (TE). In the 1H spectra, large lipid signals dominated the chemical shift range of 0.89–2.78 ppm, which prevented the observation of metabolite signals in this region. To suppress these lipid signals, short inversion time (TI) inversion recovery (STIR) was combined with STEAM (STIR‐STEAM). The optimal TI was typically 320 ms. STIR‐STEAM with a TE of 15 ms allowed successful suppression of the lipid signals and the sensitive detection of several new metabolite signals. In normal testes, choline, creatine, glutamate, and glycine signals were identified. In addition to these metabolites, a lactate signal was observed in ischemic testes. To our knowledge, the signals of glutamate, glycine, and lactate have not been previously assigned in 1H MR spectra of testes in vivo. Lipid suppression by STIR aided in the detection of these metabolites, which would otherwise have been masked by the lipid signals. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High disease activity scores predict the need for additional health services in patients over 60 with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Martin Lynda J. , Griffith Siân M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjective: To determine whether we meet perceived need, in terms of appropriate supportive health services (physiotherapy, occupational therapy, chiropody and footwear, surgery, education and information), of patients aged 60 years and over with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Design: A cross‐sectional survey.Participants: 123 patients attending rheumatology outpatient clinics.Results: The response rate was 82% (99/123). Of the respondents 78% had one or more perceived needs. Respondents were more likely to express a need for chiropody or footwear (46%), education about RA (29%), or physiotherapy (22%) than for occupational therapy (7%) or surgery (6%). Further analysis compared this group with the ‘non‐needy’ group. There was a correlation between high disease activity scores and high anxiety scores and greater perceived need for additional health services.Conclusion: There was significant unmet demand for chiropody and footwear, education about RA, physiotherapy, occupational therapy and surgery. It is possible that strategies to reduce anxiety and improve control of active inflammatory disease may reduce demand for supportive services in certain patients. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Well‐defined thermosensitive, water‐soluble polyacrylates and polystyrenics with short pendant oligo(ethylene glycol) groups synthesized by nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization
Authors: Hua Fengjun , Jiang Xueguang , Li Dejin , Zhao Bin 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe report the synthesis and thermosensitive properties of well‐defined water‐soluble polyacrylates and polystyrenics with short pendant oligo(ethylene glycol) groups. Four monomers, methoxydi(ethylene glycol) acrylate (DEGMA), methoxytri(ethylene glycol) acrylate (TEGMA), α‐hydro‐ω‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)tris(oxyethylene) (HTEGSt), and α‐hydro‐ω‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)tetrakis(oxyethylene) (HTrEGSt), were prepared and polymerized by nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization with 2,2,5‐trimethyl‐3‐(1‐phenylethoxy)‐4‐phenyl‐3‐azahexane as an initiator. Kinetics and gel permeation chromatography analysis showed that the polymerizations were controlled processes yielding polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities. All polymers could be dissolved in water, forming transparent solutions, and undergo phase transitions when the temperature was above a critical point. The thermosensitive properties were studied by turbidimetry and variable‐temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. The cloud points of the polymers of DEGMA, TEGMA, HTEGSt, and HTrEGSt were around 38, 58, 13, and 64 °C, respectively. For all four polymers, the cloud point increased with decreasing concentration and increasing molecular weight in the studied molecular weight range of 5000–30,000 g/mol. The removal of the nitroxide group from the polymer chain end resulted in a higher cloud point. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2454–2467, 2006
Silole‐containing poly(diphenylacetylene): Synthesis, characterization, and light emission
Authors: Chen Junwu , Kwok Hoi Sing , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA disubstituted polyacetylene consisting of a poly(diphenylacetylene) backbone and a 1,2,3,4,5‐pentaphenylsilole (SiC4Ph5) pendant, that is, {(C6H5) CC [C6H4O(CH2)3CCSiC4Ph5]}n (PS3DPA), was synthesized, and its light emission from both the backbone and the pendant was evaluated. The polymerization of C6H5CCC6H4O(CH2)3CCSiC4Ph5 with two ethynyl groups was effected with WCl6–Ph4Sn as the catalyst. The structure and properties of PS3DPA were characterized and evaluated by IR, UV, NMR, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence analyses. The ethynyl group of the diphenylacetylene moiety was polymerized exclusively, giving a soluble PS3DPA. The chloroform solution of PS3DPA showed a backbone emission that peaked at 522 nm, whereas the silole pendant was nonradiative at room temperature. The polymer did not show the aggregation‐induced emission phenomenon, probably because the silole clusters were difficult to form when the polymer chains aggregated because of the very high rigidity of the main chain. Intramolecular rotations of the phenyl groups of the silole moieties were responsible for the nonradiative decay of the silole chromophore. The intramolecular rotations, however, could be largely restricted in a cooling process of the polymer solution, showing cooling‐enhanced emission. The silole emission became dominant at lower temperatures. A multilayer electroluminescence device based on PS3DPA emitted a green light that peaked at 512 nm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2487–2498, 2006
Combination of conventional geophysical methods for sounding the composition of rock glaciers in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Ikeda Atsushi 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe composition of rock glaciers was sounded by a combination of conventional geophysical methods near the lower limit of mountain permafrost in the Swiss Alps. P‐wave velocity, direct current (DC) resistivity and year‐round ground surface temperatures were measured on 32 talus‐derived rock glaciers. Subsurface P‐wave velocities differ significantly between non‐vegetated (probably active/inactive) rock glaciers and vegetated (probably relict) rock glaciers. DC resistivities reflect structural differences in the rock glaciers (e.g. bouldery or pebbly, ice‐cemented or highly ice‐rich) rather than thermal differences (i.e. frozen or unfrozen). The combination of these methods provides reliable thermal and structural information on subsurface deposits. In addition, mean annual ground surface temperatures are equally good indicators of the distribution of permafrost as bottom temperatures of snow. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial segregation, segregation indices and the geographical perspective
Authors: Brown Lawrence A. , Chung Su‐Yeul 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWhat could be more inherently geographical than segregation? However, the richness of the spatial variations in segregation is seldom captured by the dominant genre of empirical research. Returning the ‘geography’ to segregation research, we argue that local areas need to be given considerably more attention, using measures that explicitly reveal the spatial fabric of residential clustering along racial/ethnic lines. We first critique global measures such as the Dissimilarity Index and its spatial counterparts. Attention then turns to local measures such as the Location Quotient and Local Moran's I, applying them to Franklin County, Ohio, the core of Columbus MSA (Metropolitan Statistical Area). Our interpretation of the findings also employs local knowledge concerning neighbourhood characteristics, ongoing urban processes, historical occurrences, and the like. Thus, while local indices based on secondary data expose the terrain of clustering/segregation, follow‐up fieldwork and/or secondary data analysis in a mixed‐methods framework provides a better understanding of the ground‐level reality of clustering/segregation. Tangible evidence of the gain from this approach is provided by our evaluation of conventional frameworks for understanding racial/ethnic aspects of residential patterning – assimilation, stratification and resurgent ethnicity – and in our proposal for a new framework, ‘market‐led pluralism’, which focuses on market makers who represent the supply side of housing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Background subtraction under varying illumination
Authors: Matsuyama Takashi , Wada Toshikazu , Habe Hitoshi , Tanahashi Kazuya 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground subtraction is widely used as an effective method for detecting moving objects in a video image. However, background subtraction requires a prerequisite in that image variation cannot be observed, and the range of application is limited. Proposed in this research paper is a method for detecting moving objects by using background subtraction that can be applied to cases in which the image has varied due to varying illumination. This method is based on two object detection methods that are based on different lines of thinking. One method compares the background image and the observed image using invariant features of illumination. The other method estimates the illumination conditions of the observed image and normalizes the brightness before carrying out background subtraction. These two methods are complementary, and highly precise detection results can be obtained by ultimately integrating the detection results of both methods. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(4): 77–88, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10166
Benefits of green offices in the UK: analysis from examples built in the 1990s
Authors: Edwards Brian 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper examines the evolution in the UK of green offices against a background of changing government and industry perspectives. A key factor discussed is the emergence of evidence that such buildings can lead to improvements in productivity in the workforce and hence greater competitiveness for the company involved. The paper reviews the measures and criteria employed for evaluating the performance of green buildings at the critical interface between environmental and economic factors. There is a general overview of the design and corporate ambition behind a number of green offices built in the 1990s and a more detailed examination of one. The paper reaches a number of conclusions of interest outside the UK, notably that users of buildings should be more involved in project briefing in order for the energy, health and productivity benefits to be effectively integrated. The paper also highlights the different perspectives held by clients, designers and users of green offices and how these alter the motivations at the genesis of a project. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Template‐Assisted Large‐Scale Ordered Arrays of ZnO Pillars for Optical and Piezoelectric Applications
Authors: Fan Hong Jin , Lee Woo , Hauschild Robert , Alexe Marin , Le Rhun Gwenaël , Scholz Roland , Dadgar Armin , Nielsch Kornelius , Kalt Heinz , Krost Alois , Zacharias Margit , Gösele Ulrich 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSpatially separated ZnO pillars, typically 300 nm in diameter and 2 μm in height, are fabricated via a template‐directed approach that leads to long‐range hexagonal order. The templates of Au nanodisk arrays are obtained by using metal membranes as a lithography mask. The growth of ZnO pillars is performed in a double‐tube system through vapor diffusion–deposition. The growth mechanism of the pillars is studied in detail and is proposed to be a combination of vapor–liquid–solid and vapor–solid models. The piezoelectric and optical properties of single pillars are characterized using piezoresponse force microscopy and micro‐photoluminescence spectroscopy, respectively. The pillars show strong excitonic emissions up to room temperature, which indicate a relatively low defect density and good crystalline quality. The obtained piezoelectric coefficient d33 is (7.5±0.6) pm V−1, which is to our knowledge the first reported value for a single nanopillar.
Ligand Bridged Heterodinuclear Transition Metal Complexes – Syntheses, Structures and Electrochemical Investigations
Authors: Escarpa Gaede Petra , van Wüllen Christoph 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe syntheses of the homo‐ and hererobimetallic compounds [Ln1M(η5‐C5H4)CMe2(η5‐C9H6)2MLn] (2a‐5d), [(C9H7)CMe2(η5‐C5H4)Fe(η5‐C5H4)CMe2(η5‐C9H6)2MLn] (6a‐c), and [(η5‐C5H4)CMe2(η5‐C9H6)2MLn]2Fe (7a‐b) are reported with 1MLn = Rh(cod) 2, Ir(cod) 3, Mn(CO)3 4 and FeCp 5, 2MLn = Rh(cod) a, Ir(cod) b, Mn(CO)3 c and FeCp d, respectively. Crystal structures of 3a, 3b and 5c are described showing two different ligand conformations in form of two rotamers. The energetic difference between these both rotamers is insignificant small in the gas phase according to DFT calculations. The rotation barrier for the species has been determined to 23 kJ/mol. According to the absence of intermolecular interactions in the solid state, the preference for one of the conformers is deduced from packing effects. All complexes are investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The shift of the redox potentials with respect to the mononuclear reference systems is a suitable tool to determine intermetallic electronic interaction. For some compounds, the normal behaviour with an increasing separation of the redox potentials is observed. A second group of complexes shows the opposite behaviour with a decreasing in the potential differences. A mechanism of intramolecular catalytic oxidation is supposed for that species.
Structural and Physicochemical Characteristics of Tetrabutylammonium Tetrahalogenoferrates(III), [(C4H9)4N][FeBr4−nCln]
Authors: Wyrzykowski Dariusz , Kruszyński Rafał , Kucharska Urszula , Warnke Zygmunt 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA series of tetrahalogenoferrates(III), [FeBr4−nCln]− (n=0‐4) stabilized with the tetrabutylammonium cation, of general formula [(C4H9)4N][FeBr4−nCln], has been synthesized. The crystal and molecular structure of [(C4H9)4N][FeCl4] was determined. The iron cation adopts slightly distorted tetrahedral coordination with two opposite angles smaller than tetrahedral one, two equal to tetrahedral and two larger than tetrahedral. The bond valences were computed. The total valence of iron atom is equal to 3.08. In the structure can be found only one hydrogen bond C(1)–H···Cl. Except mentioned there are no unusually intermolecular short contacts between ions existing in the structure. All [(C4H9)4N][FeBr4−nCln] (n=0‐4) compounds are isostructural in solid state.On the basis of conductometric measurements, relative stabilities of the anions have been estimated in methanol (MeOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone (AC), acetonitrile (AN) and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) representing both polar (including amphiprotic and aprotic) as well as non‐polar solvents. Further, the dissociation constants of the compounds were calculated from the expanded Pitt's conductivity equation. The results of the conductometric measurements were supported by electronic spectra.
Optimization of right ventricular lead position in cardiac resynchronisation therapy☆
Authors: Riedlbauchová Lucie , Ĉihaák Robert , Byteŝník Jan , Vanĉura Vlastimil , Frídl Petr , Hoŝkovaá Lenka , Kautzner Josef 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe benefit of biventricular pacing (BiV) may be substantially affected by optimal lead placement.AimTo evaluate the importance of right ventricular (RV) lead positioning on clinical outcome of BiV.Methods and resultsA total of 99 patients with symptomatic heart failure and implantation of BiV system were included. Position of the left‐ventricular (LV) lead was selected based on timing of local endocardial signal within the terminal portion of the QRS complex. RV lead was preferably positioned at the midseptum (n = 74, RVS group) where the earliest RV endocardial signal was recorded. A subgroup of patients had RV lead placed in the apex (n = 25, RVA group). NYHA class, maximum oxygen‐uptake (VO2max), LV end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD, mm) and ejection fraction were assessed every third month.A trend towards greater improvement in NYHA class and significant increase in VO2max was present in the RVS group. Moreover, a significant decrease in LVEDD (ΔLVEDD) was observed in the RVS group only (− 3.4 ± 6.5 mm versus + 1.7 ± 6.4 mm in RVA group at 12 months, p = 0.004). No significant correlation between the degree of ΔLVEDD and QRS narrowing induced by BiV was found. LVEDD reduction was predominantly present in dilated cardiomyopathy.ConclusionsMidseptal positioning of the RV lead appears to promote reverse LV remodelling during cardiac resynchronisation therapy.
Depressive symptoms are prominent among elderly hospitalised heart failure patients
Authors: Lesman‐Leegte Ivonne , Jaarsma Tiny , Sanderman Robbert , Linssen Gerard , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data on the prevalence of depressive symptoms in hospitalised elderly HF patients and demographic and clinical characteristics associated with depressive symptoms are not known.MethodsA sample of 572 HF patients (61% male; age 71 ± 12 years; LVEF 34% ± 15) was recruited from 17 Dutch hospitals during HF admission. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the CES‐D. Demographic, clinical variables and HF symptoms were collected from patient chart and interview.ResultsForty one percent of the patients had symptoms of depression with women significantly more often reporting depressive symptoms than men 48% vs. 36% (X2 = 8.1, p < 0.005). HF patients with depressive symptoms reported more clinical HF symptoms than patients without depressive symptoms. Even after deleting HF related symptoms (sleep disturbances and loss of appetite) from the CES‐D scale, 36% of patients were still found to have symptoms of depression. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that depressive symptoms were associated with female gender (odds 1.68, 95% CI 1.14–2.48), COPD (odds 2.11, 95% CI 1.35–3.30), sleep disturbance (odds 3.45, 95% CI 2.03–5.85) and loss of appetite (odds 2.61, 95% CI 1.58–4.33).ConclusionsDepressive symptoms are prominent in elderly hospitalised HF patients especially in women. Depressive symptoms are associated with more pronounced symptomatology, despite the fact that other indices of severity of left ventricular dysfunction are similar.
A review of homocysteine and heart failure
Authors: Herrmann Markus , Taban‐Shomal Omid , Hübner Ulrich , Böhm Michael , Herrmann Wolfgang 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChronic heart failure (CHF) is a major public health problem causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Recently, plasma homocysteine (HCY) has been suggested to be increased in CHF patients potentially representing a newly recognized risk marker. This manuscript reviews the existing literature regarding hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) and CHF. Clinical data indicate that HHCY is associated with an increased incidence of CHF as well as with the severity of the disease. Mechanistic studies of HHCY and CHF are rare. However, preliminary results suggest that HHCY causes adverse cardiac remodelling characterized by interstitial and perivascular fibrosis resulting in increased myocardial stiffness. In addition, HHCY seems to affect the pump function of the myocardium. The mechanisms leading from an elevated HCY level to reduced pump function and adverse cardiac remodelling are a matter of speculation. Existing data indicate that direct effects of HCY on the myocardium as well as NO independent vascular effects are involved. In conclusion, HHCY might be a potential aetiological factor in CHF. Future studies need to clarify the mechanistic role of HHCY in CHF as a useful paradigm with most interesting therapeutic implications, because HCY lowering therapy could favourably influence the prognosis in CHF patients.
The influence of sex on right ventricular dysfunction in patients with severely depressed left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Martínez‐Sellés Manuel , Muñoa Marta Domínguez , Martínez Esther , Fernández Miguel Angel García , García Eulogio 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAim:To assess the influence of sex on right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction.Methods and results:We studied 385 consecutive patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <0.35. All patients underwent invasive measurement of right ventricular and pulmonary artery pressures and evaluation of RVD by standard transthoracic echocardiography.Female patients (n=84, 21.8%) were significantly older than male patients (62.0±11.4 vs. 58.2±10.7 years), p=0.005. The prevalence of RVD was lower in women (26.5%) than in men (38.9%), p=0.03; both in patients with and without coronary artery disease (19.4% vs. 34.5% and 31.9% vs. 44.4%, respectively). Haemodynamic parameters and LVEF were similar in men and women. Low LVEF, pulmonary systolic pressure, degree of mitral regurgitation, male sex, and absence of significant coronary artery disease were independently correlated with RVD.Conclusion:Women with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction have less RVD than men, despite similar haemodynamic parameters and LVEF.