bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canine lick granuloma treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Owen L. N. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThirteen dogs with lick granuloma have been treated with X‐ray irradiation on two or more occasions. No case was cured, but treatment proved satisfactory in 11 cases for periods ranging from six months to three years. In two cases where treatment was unsuccessful lesions had been present for two years.
Spondylosis deformans in the female beagle dog: A radiographic study
Authors: Morgan J. P. , Hansson K. , Miyabayashi T. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSpondylosis deformans is a generalised disease of ageing resulting in formation of bony osteophytes around degenerating intervertebral discs throughout the vertebral column. It is noninflammatory and needs to be differentiated from spondylitis, which is either an infectious or noninfectious inflammatory process. Lateral radiographs of 310 female beagle dogs from a closed colony showed development of spondylosis deformans that was age‐dependent and located principally at discs numbers 5, 15, and 20 to 23. It was noteworthy that disc 26 was minimally involved whereas this location has been previously reported to have frequent involvement in larger breeds of dogs. None of the dogs studied had clinical signs causing their removal from the colony, further supporting the concept that spondylosis deformans as a bony response to disc degeneration is not a cause of severe pain or lameness.
Three cases of local tetanus
Authors: Malik R. , Church D. B. , Maddison J. E. , Farrow B. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTUnyielding rigidity of one thoracic limb due to continuous involuntary muscle spasm was seen as the presenting complaint in two cats and a dog. A distal forelimb injury on the affected limb preceded the development of clinical signs in two animals. No abnormalities were detected in a detailed histological examination of the first case. The continuous localised muscular spasm subsided completely over a prolonged period in the remaining two cases. These findings strongly suggest a diagnosis of local tetanus. The diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition are discussed.
Chemotherapy of T b brucei infection: Use of DFMO, diminazene aceturate, alone and in combination
Authors: Onyeyili P. A. , Anika S. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe therapeutic activity of diminazene aceturate, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and a combination of the two agents was investigated in experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infections in mongrel dogs. The criteria used in the assessment of the trypanocidal effect of these compounds included the examination of the blood for the parasite, as well as clinical and haematological changes at intervals following treatment. Diminazene aceturate (7 mg/kg intramuscularly), DFMO (300 mg/kg/day orally in three divided doses for six days) and the combination of diminazene aceturate (7 mg/kg intramuscularly) and DFMO (300 mg/kg/day orally for six days) produced an intermittent aparasitemia in the dogs. Relapse infection occurred in all the three groups, but the period of aparasitemia produced by the combination of the agents was longest. The packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and red cell count values decreased after the dogs were inoculated with the parasite. The values improved slightly following the treatments with the agents or their combination. The total white blood cell counts in the infected dogs indicated leucocytosis, but this improved with drug treatment.
Inguinal hernia in dogs
Authors: Strande A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA review of inguinal hernia in dogs for the last 16 years revealed 65 females and nine males treated at The Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery. In a litter of three male and two female five‐month‐old West Highland white terrier puppies, all the males showed inquinal hernia, two combined with ectopic testicle.
Dorsal notch of foramen magnum due to incomplete ossification of supraoccipital bone in dogs
Authors: Watson A. G. , de Lahunta A. , Evans H. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe shape of the foramen magnum and the variation in the ossification pattern of the supra‐occipital bone were studied in 48 skulls, including 12 from neonatal and 33 from immature and mature beagles of known age. The shape varied markedly, and a dorsal notch, dorsomedial to the nuchal tubercles and present in over half of the beagles, developed as a result of incomplete ossification of the ventromedial part of the supra‐occipital bone. In a pomeranian and a chihuahua a membrane of dure mater and connective tissue, which covered the prominent dorsal notch, prevented prolapse of the brain. The spinal cord passed through a smaller oval opening in the ventral half of the foramen magnum. As there was no apparent impairment of function or anomalies associated with the dorsal notch and since a prominent dorsal notch was common in small breeds with brachycephalic skulls, it was concluded that the dorsal notch is a variation in the normal morphological pattern.
Demodicosis in the cat
Authors: Chesney C. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe available reports upon the occurrence of mites of the Demodicidae in the cat are reviewed and current knowledge of the biology is discussed. The conclusion is drawn that demodicosis of the cat is more prevalent than previously supposed. It is found in both male and female, in long‐ and shorthaired coat types, and in several breeds. Infestation may be found in the absence of frank signs, or it may be associated with systemic diseases. However, it remains unclear whether the parasite can itself cause clinically apparent disease.
Pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma with multiple digital metastases in a cat
Authors: Scott‐Moncrieff J. C. , Elliott G. S. , Radoveky A. , Blevins W. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA 14‐year‐old domestic shorthaired cat was presented because of swelling of the digits and lameness. A solitary lung mass was observed on thoracic radiographs. Clinical and pathological evaluation confirmed a primary pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to a single digit on each foot. Other metastatic lesions were present in the left popliteal lymph node and in the left iliac vein.
Serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni and C coli isolated from dogs
Authors: Woldehiwet Z. , Jones J. J. , Tennant B. J. , Jones D. M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni and C coli isolated from 56 dogs were established by the Penner serotyping scheme. A total of 37 C jejuni and 19 C coli were typed. Only two of the C coli strains were typable by the Penner method compared to 29 of 37 C jejuni strains. Pen 2 and 4 were the most predominant serotypes, constituting 41‐4 per cent of the typable C jejuni strains. All but one of the C jejuni strains belonging to serotypes pen 1 and 2 were isolated from dogs with diarrhoea.
Angiokeratoma: A benign vascular tumour of the dog
Authors: George C. , Summers B. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe angiokeratoma (AK) is a rare neoplasm of the nictitans and the conjunctiva of dogs. This report adds eight further cases to the two reported in the literature. The majority involved the nictitans of mature dogs of either sex with a possible predisposition in the English setter breed. Two occurred in the skin. In both locations, the AK had, as its characteristic feature, large dilated sinusoidal spaces abutting and infiltrating a hyperplastic epidermis. Compared to classical dermal haemangioendotheliomas, AKs are rare. In most cases, excision is curative.
Simultaneous urethral pressure profilometry using microtip transducer catheters in the bitch: A comparison of catheter material
Authors: Holt P. E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSimultaneous urethral pressure profilometry using an 8FG polyurethane microtip transducer catheter in the bitch is subject to considerable variation, Marked differences occur in the parameters normally measured due to the orientation of the transducers and patient position. It has been suggested that a softer catheter may result in less variation. In this study, a comparison was made between 8FG polyurethane and silicone rubber microtip transducer catheters in 35 bitches. There were significant variations in both maximum urethral closure pressure and functional profile length due to catheter type (P < 0–001). Resting intravesical pressure varied with the recording transducer (P < 0–001) and there was a significant interaction between catheter type and recording transducer (P < 0–001). Radiographic measurements on 15 bitches suggested that variations in recorded intravesical pressure were probably related to the location of the transducers of the two catheters within the bladder. It is concluded that the use of a softer catheter material alone is insufficient to eliminate variations resulting from the orientation of the recording sensors within the urethra.
Pharmacokinetics, tolerance and serum thromboxane inhibition of carprofen in the dog
Authors: McKellar Q. A. , Pearson T. , Bogan J. A. , Gaibraith E. A. , Lees P. , Ludwig B. , Tiberghien M. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) carprofen was administered to dogs as a mixed‐micelle solution at a dose rate of 0–7 mg/kg intravenously, as a palatable paste at a dose rate of 0–7 mg/kg orally, and as an oral tablet formulation at a dose rate of 0–7 mg/kg and 4‐0 mg/kg orally for pharmacokinetic studies. It was also administered as an oral tablet formulation at a dose rate of 9‐0 mg/kg orally daily for 14 days in a tolerance study. The pharmacokinetics following intravenous administration at a dose rate of 0–7 mg/kg indicate that carprofen has a small volume of distribution (Vd area = 0–09‐0‐25 litres), a slow systemic clearance (Cls = 1–34‐5‐57 ml/min) and an elimination half‐life of 3–20‐11‐77 hours. Both oral paste and tablet preparations were highly bioavailable and absorption was proportional to dose rate at 0–7 mg/kg and 4‐0 mg/kg bodyweight. Given once daily at dose rates likely to be used clinically it is unlikely to accumulate in the plasma. Carprofen administered as a palatable paste at a dose rate of 0–7 mg/kg did not inhibit serum thromboxane generation and this drug may therefore have a mode of action different from most NSAIDs. Carprofen was well tolerated when administered as an oral tablet formulation at a dose rate of 9.0 mg/kg daily for 14 days in healthy beagle dogs.
Agenesis of the vulva in a Maltese dog
Authors: Meij B. P. , Voorhout G. , van Oosterom R. A. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractVulvar agenesis in a four‐month‐old Maltese dog is described. Urinary incontinence and dysuria were the main clinical signs. The morphology of the urogenital system was assessed with contrast radiography. Through episiostomy a perineal stoma, resembling a vulva, was created, resulting in complete resolution of the clinical signs.
Assessment of adrenal function in cats: Response to intravenous synthetic ACTH
Authors: Sparkes A. H. , Adams D. T. , Douthwaite J. A. , Grufiydd‐Jones T. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe serum cortisol response to intravenous synthetic ACTH (tetracosactrin) was assessed in 15 healthy adult cats. Mean cortisol levels showed a significant (P<0.001) rise at 60 minutes and peaked at 180 minutes. At 120 and 180 min‐ utes mean cortisol levels were significantly (P<0.001) higher than at 60 minutes. The time of peak cortisol response in individual cats varied between 120 and 240 minutes, but nine (60 per cent) peaked at 180 minutes. In response to the ACTH the cats showed a rise in cortisol levels of between 160 and 1360 per cent. No significant rise in cortisol levels was seen in five cats following administration of sterile saline.
Abdominal ultrasonography in small animals: Examination of the liver, spleen and pancreas
Authors: Lamb C. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTUltrasonography is an important diagnostic technique in veterinary medicine. It may be used to examine most structures in the small animal ahdomen, providing a rapid, non‐invasive means of supplementing information obtained by physical examination and radiography. Limitations of ultrasonography include the non‐specific nature of many observed abnormalities, which prevents a specific diagnosis, and the difficulty of identifying certain normal organs such as the pancreas. This paper reviews ultrasonography of the liver, spleen and pancreas, and ultrasound‐guided biopsy in small animals, and indicates areas of potential future development.
Vertebral distraction‐fusion for cervical spondylopathy using a screw and double washer technique
Authors: McKee W. M. , Lavelle R. B. , Richardson J. L. , Mason T. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA technique using two interbody washers and a transvertebral screw was utilised to distract the cervical vertebrae and so decompress the spinal cord in 17 dobermann pinschers and three great danes with cervical spondylopathy. Neurological dysfunction was graded (1 to 5) according to the degree of hindlimb ataxia. Myelography showed evidence of spinal cord compression at C6‐7 in all dogs and at C5‐6 in six dogs. Twenty‐three compressive lesions were reduced when traction was applied to the cervical spine. Seventeen dogs improved following surgery and of these 10 improved by two or more grades. Follow‐up radiographic studies indicated resorption of end‐plate bone and eventual fusion of the vertebral bodies. Displacement of the screw into the vertebral canal, remodelling of the vertebral canal, fracture of C6 ventral spinous process and breakage of the screw were implant associated complications. The distraction‐fusion technique with modifications appears to be an effective procedure for the management of cervical spondylopathy in dogs in which the compressive lesion is soft tissue in nature.
Mesenteric and omental sclerosis associated with metastases from gastrointestinal neoplasia in the dog
Authors: Roth L. , King J. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTEleven cases of adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract were reviewed. Six tumours were considered to be of gastric origin, three originated from the jejunum and two from exocrine pancreatic tissue. Clinical signs were variable, but intermittent anorexia and vomiting were common features. Grossly, there was marked fibrosis involving the mesentery in nine cases, the omentum in 10 cases, and the abdominal surface of the diaphragm in three cases. Neoplasms that primarily involved the stomach or jejunum caused localised thickening of the bowel wall with mucosal ulceration. Pancreatic masses were continuous with the peritoneal lesion. The major histological feature in the mesentery and omentum was small islands of neoplastic cells surrounded by abundant proliferating connective tissue.
Calcinosis circumscripta in dogs as a cause of spinal ataxia
Authors: Lewis D. G. , Kelly D. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwo young male (five‐ and seven‐month‐old) dogs, presented with signs of rapidly developing hind leg ataxia and marked proprioceptive deficits. Radiographic examination indicated the presence of a large calcified epidural mass lying dorsally within the spinal canal at the atlantoaxial articulation. Following surgical removal of the mass, both dogs returned to complete normality in a few weeks. Histological examination confirmed the lesions as calcinosis circumscripta.
Feeding exotic and pocket pets
Authors: Cooper J. E. , White Gilbert 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTNutritional diseases are common in exotic species. Some animals fail to thrive in captivity and may die of inanition. At the other end of the scale obesity is frequently seen. Specific deficiencies and imbalances occur ‐ for example, metabolic bone disease, vitamin C deficiency, thiamine deficiency and vitamin A deficiency. Guidelines for feeding exotic and pocket pets are needed. It is particularly important to know and understand the natural history of the species in question, to take into account the importance of acceptability and palatability of food items and to ensure that the diets offered are as varied as possible.
Relationships between diet and malabsorption in dogs
Authors: Batt R. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAbnormalities affecting the pancreas or small intestine can result in malabsorption and diarrhoea by interfering with either the degradative or absorptive phases in the handling of one or more nutrients. Diet may be involved in the pathogenesis of certain disorders and can also influence the nature and severity of the clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal disease. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency can have serious nutritional consequences as the pancreas plays a crucial role in the degradation of the main dietary constituents. Whereas gastrointestinal peptidases help compensate for pancreatic protease deficiencies, malabsorption of carbohydrate and fat occurs and can result in osmotic and secretory diarrhoea, respectively. Small intestinal disease can result in malabsorption by interference with either the number or functioning of individual enterocytes. Diarrhoea may be due to stimulated secretion and diminished absorption of fluid and electrolytes, and also to the osmotic effects of small molecules, particularly carbohydrates, that remain in the lumen. Specific therapy depends on the disease. Dietary management is also important, for example with a restricted fat diet containing highly digestible carbohydrate and a high quality protein source. Where a specific dietary sensitivity is suspected, such as gluten‐enteropathy, a hypoallergenic diet may prove particularly valuable.
Medetomidine as a premedicant in dogs and its reversal by atipamezole
Authors: Young L. E. , Brearley J. C. , Richards D. L. S. , Bartram D. H. , Jones R. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTMedetomidine (10, 20, 40 μg/kg) was used as a premedicant before thiopentone, halothane and nitrous oxide anaesthesia in 60 dogs undergoing a variety of elective surgical and diagnostic procedures at the University of Liverpool Small Animal Hospital. The efficacy of the sedation produced by the three dose groups was evaluated using a sedation scoring system which is presented. Induction of anaesthesia was accomplished using 1–25 per cent thiopentone sodium administered slowly to effect. The mean dose of thiopentone required for intubation following 10 μ‐g/kg medetomidine (group 1) was 6–9 mg/kg (SD ± 2–3 mg/kg), following 20 μ‐g/kg medetomidine (group 2) was 4–5 mg/kg (SD ± 1–6 mg/kg) and following 40 μg/kg (group 3) was 2–4 mg/kg (SD ± 2–5 mg/kg). Induction of anaesthesia was generally smooth and significant apnoea (greater than 45 seconds) was not noted. Anaesthesia was maintained in all cases using halothane vapourised in a one part oxygen to two parts nitrous oxide mixture, delivered to the patient via a suitable non‐breathing circuit (Magill, Bain or T Piece). At the conclusion of the procedure, atipamezole (50, 100, 200 μg/kg) was administered intramuscularly to half of the dogs in each group (10 dogs). Dogs receiving atipamezole recovered rapidly and smoothly to sternal recumbency, group 1 taking 8‐5 minutes (SD ± 2–7 minutes), group 2 taking 11‐8 minutes (SD ± 3–6 minutes), and group 3 taking 12‐6 minutes (sd ± 4–5 minutes). When atipamezole was not administered a dose dependent increase in recumbency time occurred.
Pelvic limb removal by coxofemoral disarticulation in 13 dogs
Authors: Knapp D. W. , Tomlinson J. L. , Constantinescu G. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTHindlimb amputation may be necessary in cases of neoplasia, neurogenic atrophy, permanent functional impairment from chronic orthopaedic disease and severe soft tissue injury. Midshaft femoral amputation may not be satisfactory when wide tissue margins are required. This report describes the procedure and the results of two techniques of hindlimb removal. The first disarticulation technique leaves the thigh musculature attached to the body and the second technique is an ‘en bloc’ resection of the rear leg. Five clinical cases leaving the thigh musculature intact and eight clinical cases of en bloc resection are summarised. Indications and complications are discussed. Although not curative in all cases, all owners were satisfied with the end surgical results and functional outcome.
Primary lymphoma of the prostate in a dog
Authors: Mainwaring C. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA case of primary lymphoma of the prostate is reported in a nine‐year‐old crossbred dog. The lesion was treated with cytotoxic drugs, however, the dog was euthanased because of inadequate response. This is the first recorded case of primary prostatic lymphoma in the dog.
Evaluation of the efficacy of an epsiprantel/pyrantel combination against gastrointestinal helminths of dogs
Authors: Jacobs D. E. , Fisher M. A. , Pilkington J. G. , Jones R. L. , Cracknell V. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTrials were conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of a combination of epsiprantel at a dose rate of 5‐5 mg/kg bodyweight and pyrantel pamoate at 5 mg pyrantel base/kg against Toxocara canis in prenatally infected unweaned greyhound pups, Toxascaris leonina, Uncinaria stenocephala, Trichuris vulpis and Dipylidium caninum in naturally infected adolescent greyhounds and Ancylostoma caninum, U stenocephala. Taenia hydatigena and Taenia pisiformis in artificially infected laboratory beagles. The product was well accepted and produced no obvious side effects. Percentage efficacy values based on post mortem worm counts were: T hydatigena 100; T pisiformis 100; D caninum 100; adult T canis 84‐0; adult T leonina 96‐5; immature T leonina 99‐8; U stenocephala 99‐0 and 87‐7; A caninum 92‐7; and T vulpis 43‐3.
Cauda equina syndrome in the dog: Radiographic evaluation
Authors: Morgan J. P. , Bailey C. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTDogs with clinical signs typical of cauda equina syndrome require careful evaluation to determine the cause of the disease as this strongly influences choice of treatment. Possible aetiologies include congenital or developmental, inflammatory, traumatic, neoplastic, and degenerative lesions that may involve vertebrae, vertebral joints, intervertebral discs, spinal cord, spinal nerves, or meninges. It must be determined whether clinical signs are due to musculoskeletal or neurological disease before performing special radiographic procedures. Non‐contrast radiography permits false‐positive diagnosis of obvious degenerative changes involving the L‐S disc that may be without clinical signs or permits a false‐negative diagnosis due to the failure to appreciate soft tissue lesions not seen radiographically. Special radiographic techniques are recommended and include: (1) stress radiography, (2) discography, and (3) epidural myelography. Evaluation of the results of these studies assists in determining the cause of the cauda equina syndrome and the type of therapy required.
Heritability of elbow osteochondrosis within a closed population of dogs
Authors: Guthrie S. , Pidduck H. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTElbow osteochondrosis (ununited coronoid process and osteochondritis dissecans) was identified within a population of dogs owned by the Guide Dogs for the Blind Association (GDBA). Breeding records were available for all the dogs so family relationships could be ascertained. The incidence of the condition in first‐degree relatives of affected dogs was compared with that in the general population and was found to be significantly higher, suggesting that genetic factors were involved. The incidence was significantly different in males and females. The disease appeared to be multifactorial, with a heritability (h2) of 0–77 + se 0–12 (n=2489) in males and 0–45 ± se 0–21 (n = 2641) in females. Recurrence risks were calculated so that suitable recommendations could be made on breeding policies with a view to reducing the incidence of the condition.