bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Nature of Foam. V. Phase Inversion and Foam Formation of Emulsion Consisting of Acetic Acid, Benzene, and Water
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The heterogeneous region of the system consisting of acetic acid, benzene and water (ABW) is divided into three regions A, B and C, referring to the type of emulsion produced by two different modes of shaking. Systems in region A or B produce water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion respectively, whatever the mode of shaking, and those in region C occasionally produce both types of emulsion according to the two modes of shaking. The region C is called the phase inversion zone by shaking.
(2) Some systems of this phase inversion zone behave both foamy and non foamy according to the two different modes of shaking. The existence of such foam-nonfoam system is restricted in a portion of the phase inversion zone which at the same time forms a portion of foamy region of heterogeneous system of ABW.
(3) The difference in nature or behaviour between two possible types of emulsions produced by one and the same system was compared in details, and its discussions were made.
Chemical Studies by Means of Molecular Beams. VII. A Method of Measuring the Intensity of Potassium Atomic Beams with an Incandescent Tungsten Surface. Part 1
Authors: Kodera Kumasaburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In these experiments on the measurement of the intensity of potassium atomic beams with a tungsten ribbon, the following results have been obtained:
(1) The ribbon was used to catch potassium atoms at room temperature and the positive ions formed by flashing were measured with a ballistic galvanometer.
(2) The ribbon surface is uniform for the ionization of potassium atoms.
(3) For the evaporation in the form of ions of adsorbed potassium atoms, the ribbon must be heated higher than 800 °C.
(4) When the ionization of adsorbed potassium atoms is effected by flashing, the ionization is complete, when the surface concentration is below 0.04; otherwise, the ionization is incomplete.
(5) The ionization efficiency as a function of the surface concentration of potassium atoms was calculated on simple assumption and was found to deviate from the value observed.
Chemical Studies of the Western Pacific Ocean. IV. The Refractive Index of Sea Water
Authors: Miyake Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Refractive indices of sea water of various chlorinities were measured and the following empirical formula was obtained:
n_D^25=1.33249_7+0.000334 Cl
(2) An assumption that the refraction of sea water is a summation of the individual refractions of pure water and dissolved salts, was proved both experimentally and theoretically.
Studies on the Oiliness of Liquids. VIII. Measurements of the Static Friction Coefficients for Silver Surfaces
Authors: Isemura Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Measurements of the static friction coefficients have been made to study the oiliness of liquids. The friction surfaces consisted of a silver plate and a silver piece of spherical surface.
(2) The static friction coefficients of water, hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic acids and esters have been measured.
(3) The static friction coefficients of these compounds excepting the acids are all comparable with the results obtained for the glass surfaces. The friction coefficients of acids diminish rapidly with the number of carbon atoms in the chain of the molecule for the silver surfaces, while they are nearly constant irrespective to the number of carbon atoms for glass surfaces.
On the Rhodanate Reaction of Molybdenum
Authors: Uzumasa Yasumitsu , Doi Ken-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) By means of a photoelectric colorimeter, the reaction products between molybdenum and rhodanate under various conditions were examined. The colour changes with the duration of time were recorded by an autographic apparatus constructed by the writers.
(2) The spectrographic observations of the products were also carried out.
(3) The red colour observed in the rhodanate test for molybdenum is ascribed to rhodanate complexes of quinquivalent molybdenum, possibly and chiefly K2[MoO(SCN)5].
(4) It is emphasized that, to attain the maximum sensitivity of the reaction, rhodanate should be added in advance of the reducing agent.
A Note on the Constitution of Dehydroergopinacone
Authors: Ando Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Dehydroergopinacone diacetate was prepared and its absorption spectrum in ultraviolet region was studied. Ergopinacone diacetate was shown not to be dehydrogenated with mercuric acetate. From the results a probable constitution (VII) was assigned to dehydroergopinacone, following Inhoffen’s ergopinacone formula.
Chemical Studies of the Western Pacific Ocean. II. The Chemical Composition of the Oceanic Salt. Part 2
Authors: Miyake Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Strontium in sea water from the Western Pacific Ocean has been determined gravimetrically; the analytical result: 14.4 mg. Sr per litre.
(2) Boron in sea water has been determined volumetrically; the analytical result: 4.73 mg. B per litre.
The author wishes to express his hearty thanks to Prof. T. Okada, Director of the Central Meteorological Observatory of Japan, for his kind guidance and the permission of publishing this report. He is also indebted to Mr. H. Matui for his assistance in the analytical work.
On the Nature of Foam. IV. Phase Inversion and Foaming of Emulsion Consisting of Acetic Acid, Ethyl Ether, and Water
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) It has been discovered, that there is certain heterogeneous system consisting of acetic acid, ethyl ether and water, which behaves both foamy and non foamy, according to the different modes of shaking. This behaviour in foam formation is due to the difference in the type of emulsions produced.
(2) Three modes of shaking were noted and their influences upon the type of emulsion have been discussed.
(3) The heterogeneous region of this system is divided into three parts, according to the type of emulsion produced by shaking, namely, oil-in-water region, water-in-oil region and phase inversion zone. In phase inversion zone, both types of emulsions are possible to be produced by different modes of shaking. Observations and discussions were made upon these emulsions.
The Influence of Temperature on the Formation of Platinum-carbonyl Sol
Authors: Sano Isamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The influence of the temperature of preparation on the forma？ion of platinum-carbonyl sol from the chloroplatinic acid solution by the action of carbon monoxide were investigated at various temperatures between 5° and 80°C., together with the influence of the concentration of solution ranging from 0.01 to 0.1% with respect to H2PtCl6·6H2O.
(2) Stable sols having a tinge of red with a dash of purple may be produced from the solutions of concentrations between 0.01 and 0.08% in a wide range of temperature; sols of various colours such as brownish red, brown as well as dark brown may be formed in the same limits of concentration as the above at the elevated temperatures.
(3) Sols tinged with red slightly inclining to purple may be obtained, though unstable, from the 0.1% acid solutions only at lower temperatures.
(4) The colouration effects above-mentioned were spectroscopically analyzed with the Nutting’s spectrophotometer, and it was found that the extinction curves for the sols tinged with red reach a maximum at about 540 mμ, while those for the sols with a tinge varying from brown to black decrease monotonously with the increasing wave-length.
Catalytic Activity of Phthalocyanines in the Autoxidation of Linseed Oil and Methyl Linoleate
Authors: Tamamushi Bunichi , Tohmatsu Shizuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The catalytic action of metallic phthalocyanines towards the aut-oxidation of linseed oil and methyl linoleate is demonstrated. Chloriron phthalocyanine is remarkably effective as catalyst, whereas copper- and magnesium phthalocyanine are slightly effective.
Studies on the Organic Molecular Compounds. Part III. On the Molecular Compound-Formation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Nitro-Compounds and with Antimony Trihalides
Authors: Shinomiya Chiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
As in the case of the nitro components discussed in Parts I and II, on the formation of crystalline molecular compounds, regularity was found also in the aromatic hydrocarbon components of condensed or non-condensed ring structure. The predominant tendency to compound-formation seems to be affected by the structure of both components, although it differs considerably from that in solutions. All the observed systems were almost halochromic when fused, about half the number of which gave crystalline compounds, some of which are shown in the phase diagrams. The effect of substituents of benzene ring in the binary systems containing antimony trihalides was also studied.
Studies on the Organic Molecular Compounds. Part IV. The Relation between Compound-Formation and the Substituent in the Monosubstitution Products of Several Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Shinomiya Chiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of the substituents in the aromatic (naphthalene) ring on compound-formation was studied in connexion with “aromatic—nitro-aromatic combination,”the results of which were in good agreement with those previously reported.
Studies on the Oiliness of Liquids. X. The Friction Coefficients of Mono- and Multi-Molecular Layers
Authors: Isemura Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The static friction coefficients of glass surfaces covered with the mono- and multi-molecular layers of some long chain acids etc. have been measured.
(2) The friction coefficients of glass covered with monomolecular film of acids are about one tenth of that of clean glass. The friction coefficients of alcohols and esters are somewhat higher but fluctuate considerably.
(3) The friction coefficients of multimolecular layers decrease by the increase of their thickness until it becomes five or seven molecular layers, but shows no further reduction.
(4) The effect of compression during the deposition of the film was investigated. The film deposited in high compression state shows low friction coefficient.
(5) The film deposited from basic substrate shows lower friction coefficient than that deposited from acidic substrate.
(6) The force area relations of stearic acid monolayer have been studied on fresh distilled water, on tap water, and on tap water added with ammonium oxalate in relation to the transference of the film on the glass plate.
Studies on Reactions Between Gas and Solid. VIII. The Mechanism of Nitrogenation of Calcium Carbide
Authors: Aono Takeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In this paper the theories of nitrogenation of calcium carbide were summarized and discussed, and the mechanism of these catalytic action was explained.
1. The mechanism of nitrogenation was ascertained as follows:
I. activated adsorption of nitrogen on active positions of carbide, (at comparatively lower temperatures);
II. formation of an intermediate compound, Ca(CN)2, temporarily,
III. breaking up of Ca(CN)2 into CaCN2 and C,
IV. further propagation of the CaCN2—formation.
2. The action of catalysts can be classified also in four kinds:
I. catalysts which affect the adsorption of nitrogen on the carbide surface and make the start of the reaction easy, (active carbon or nascent carbon and carbon separating material such as phosphate-slag,)
II. catalysts which favor the cyanide formation as well as the pro？ession of cyanamide formation, (alkali and alkali-earth chlo？ides), they also affect the equilibrium Ca(CN)2\ightleftarrowsCaCN2+C,
III. catalysts which activate the carbide and facilitate the cyanamide formation, (Ca(CN)2 and CaCN2 formed by the reaction or co-melted previously with the carbide; CaS being a negative catalyst in this class,)
IV. catalysts which accelerate the propagation of the reaction diminishing chemical resistance phvsically as well as chemically, (CaF2, CaCl2 etc.)
Of course some of these catalysts have combined actions affecting on two or three stages simultaneously.
3. The depression of melting points, heat of activation, dissociation pres？ure of the cyanamide and the CaC2–CaCN2 system by these catalysts were also discussed.
4. Some chemical interpretations for the action of some catalysts were also proposed, (hypothetically).
The Formation of Polyhydroxy-dialdehydes. II. d-Lyxo-trihydroxy-glutaric Dialdehyde and its Derivatives
Authors: Iwadare Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Monoacetone-d-mannose was now obtained as colourless crystalline needles and its structure was established as 2,3-monoacetone-d-mannofuranose (III). Melting point, 80.5–82°. [α]D15=+4.5° (5 minutes)→−3.7° (40 hours) in water. And triaeetyl-monoacetone-d-mannose was ascertained to have the constitution (VI).
(2) Bis-phenylhydrazone of d-lyxo-trihydroxy-glutarie dialdehyde was obtained as colourless needles, starting from 2,3-monoacetone-d-mannofuranose. Melting point, 168.5–169°. [α]D15=−72° in pyridine. Equilbrium rotation of d-lyxo-trihydroxy-glutaric dialdehyde was measured. [α]D15=+5° in water. Bis-p-nitrophenylhydrazone of d-lyxo-trihydroxyglutaric dialdehyde was obtained as orange-yellow leaflets. Melting point, 207–207.5°.
Strontium salt of d-lyxo-trihydroxy-glutaric acid was obtained by oxidizing the dialdehyde with bromine in presence of strontium carbonate.
Studies on the Adsorption at the Solid—Liquid Interface. I. On the Adsorption of Some Fatty Acids by Glass
Authors: Akamatu Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) A method of determining relatively small amount of adsorption has been devised. To measure the change of concentration of solution before and after the adsorbing procedure, the density determination using the float method is applied.
(2) The experiments are described on the adsorption of some fatty acids from the toluene solution by the glass powder.
Studies on the Reactions between Oxides in Solid State at Higher Temperatures. VI. Discussion of the Reaction Mechanism with a Special Reference to the Effect of Particle Size on the Reactions
Authors: Tanaka Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The main characteristics of the solid reactions between the oxides, studied in the present investigations, have been summarized. These reactions can be classified into the following two types: (1) the reactions of the systems, MgO–TiO2, CaO–TiO2 and MgO–Al2O3, which have a rapid initial reaction period and a small energy of activation, and (2) those of the systems, MgO–SnO2 and CaO–SnO2, in which no rapid initial reaction and a large energy of activation are observed.
(2) The rapid initial reaction is probably due to the existence of a rapid surface diffusion, and when the reaction proceeds chiefly by the inner diffusion, no rapid initial part may be observed.
(3) The effect of the particle size of each of the components on these reactions has been discussed. In the reactions without distinct surface diffusion, the effect of the particle size of the component, of which total surface area is smaller, should be great, while that of the diffused component becomes remarkable when the sufrace diffusion takes place rapidly.
(4) For the three reactions, MgO-SnO2, MgO-Al2O3 and CaO-TiO2, the above discussions have been proved experimentally by changing the particle size of each of the components.
(5) Technical importance of the effect of particle size on solid reactions has been stated.
(6) Some further considerations on the diffusion mechanism have been given, and the difference in the energies of activation has been interpreted.
(7) Finally, the phenomenon of sintering due to solid reactions has been discussed. It is considered that the sintering occurs by the reactions in which a rapid surface diffusion takes place.
In conclusion, the author wishes to express his sincere thanks to Dr. R. Yoshimura for his interest, to Mr. K. Hirota for criticizing and discussing the problem willingly, and also to Dr. R. Negishi and to the other colleagues. He is also indebted to Messrs. S. Takasago and T. Sugawa for their assistances in the experiments.
The Addition of Hydrogen Bromide to Crotonic Acid in Carbon Tetrachloride Solution and the Oxygen Effect
Authors: Simamura Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Hypotheses suggested to explain the orientation of hydrogen bromide in the addition to the ethenoid compound have been briefly reviewed and critisized.
(2) Allowing the mixture of hydrogen bromide and oxygen to react with crotonic acid in carbon tetrachloride, three products, β-bromobutyric acid, crotonic acid dibromide and α-hydroxy-β-bromobutyric acid, have been isolated.
(3) Oxygen has been found not to accelerate the addition of hydrogen bromide to crotonic acid in carbon tetrachloride solution in the dark.
(4) It is concluded that in the addition of hydrogen bromide to crotonic acid in the presence of oxygen, this participates in the reaction producing free bromo-radical acid and bromine atoms, the latter being attached to the β-carbon atom of crotonic acid, but that the chains involving these cannot develop because of the ready reaction of the bromo radical acid with oxygen rather than with hydrogen bromide.
The Formation of Polyhydroxy-dialdehydes. III. l-Lyxotrihydroxy-glutaric Dialdehyde and its Derivatives
Authors: Iwadare Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Following compounds were obtained in crystals: 2,3,5,6-Diacetone-l-mannofuranose, m.p., 122–122.5° and [α]D=−27° (in acetone). Bis-phenylhydrazone of l-lyxo-trihydroxy-glutaric dialdehyde, m.p., 165–165.5° and [α]D=+73° (in pyridine). Bis-p-nitro-phenyl-hydrazone of l-lyxotrihydroxy-glutaric dialdehyde, m.p., 203.5–204°. Potassium diacetone-l-mannonate, [α]D10=+32.2° (in water). And diacetone-l-mannopolactone, m.p. 124–124.5°.
Hydrogenation and Polymerisation Reactions of Acetylene II. Polymerisation Reaction by Use of the Thermal Diffusion Column
Authors: Kimura Osamu , Hirota Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The possibility of polymerisation reaction of acetylene with a good yield by use of the thermal diffusion column as reaction vessel has been discussed theoretically.
(2) The polymerisation of acetylene has been carried out with tungsten wire as heating filament at 700°C–1000°C.
(3) The experimental results have shown that acetylene is converted into liquid hydrocarbons almost perfectly, and that the amount of hydrogen, methane, and ethylene are small in the resulting gas, and moreover the deposition of carbon is scarcely observed.
Synthesis and Octane Number of tert-Butyl Cyclohexane and 1,4-Di-tert-butyl Cyclohexane. Alkylation of Benzene with Isobutylene into tert-Butyl Benzene and p-Di-tert-butyl Benzene and their Hydrogenation
Authors: Katuno Masaharu , Suwa Teturo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Benzene has been alkylated with isobutylene using sulfuric acid of various concentrations, and some of the results of V. N. Ipatieff, B. B. Corson and H. Pines have been reconfirmed. The alkylation takes place predominantly with 91–96% sulfuric acid.
2. Using 91% sulfuric acid as catalyst, benzene has been alkylated with varied amount of isobutylene against benzene. The increase of the yield of tert-butyl benzene caused by the decrease of the amount of isobutylene against benzene is not remarkable, forming a considerable amount of p-di-tert-butyl benzene fraction. By the increase of the amount of isobutylene against benzene, the yield of p-di-tert-butyl benzene fraction increases to the main reaction product, with the decrease of tert-butyl benzene fraction. The reaction of excess isobutylene with benzene causes the mere polymerisation of isobutylene with 91% sulfuric acid to yield high-boiling olefinic polymer after complete alkylation of benzene.
3. tert-Butyl benzene and p-di-tert-butyl benzene have been readily hydrogenated into tert-butyl cyclohexane and 1,4-di-tert-butyl cyclohexane, respectively, using nickel-kieselguhr catalyst. 1,4-Di-tert-butyl cyclohexane is a mixture of cis and trans isomers, and is partially crystal？ised at room temperature and melts completely at 31°C.
4. Octane numbers. of 1,4-di-tert-butyl cyclohexane, tert-butyl cyclohexane and the high boiling aromatic hydrocarbon CF2R have been measured. 1,4-Di-tert-butyl cyclohexane has high octane numbers as predicted, the 20% blending octane number amounting to 113. It has the flash point of 80.5°C., and is highly soluble in hydrocarbones, and there？ore may be used as a constituent of safety fuels.
Synthesis of Tertiary Butyl Alcohol by the Hydration of Isobutylene. II. Separation of Tertiary Butyl Alcohol by the Distillation of Diluted Sulphuric Acid Solution, and on the “Porous Substance Effect”, “Stirring Effect” and “Agitation Effect”
Authors: Katuno Masaharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The separation of tert-butanol by the distillation from diluted aqueous sulphuric acid solution has been studied as the method of separation of tert-butanol from the absorption product of isobutylene with sulphuric acid without neutralising acid with alkali. By the suitable dilution of the absorption product, tert-butanol can be separated in the theoretical yield of about 68–80%, with small regeneration and polymerisation of isobutylene. The regeneration of isobutylene increases and the polymerisation takes place in a considerable extent with increasing concentration of acid. The increase in the absorption of isobutylene with a definite amount of acid, or the use of fractionating column in the distillation increase the regeneration of isobutylene.
2. The distillation in the presence of pumice powder increases markedly the formation of isobutylene with the decrease in the yield of tert-butanol. An explanation has been given.
3. The marked increases in the formation of gaseous product from liquid reaction mixture by the addition of powder of porous substances, such as pumice powder, and by the vigorous mechanical stirring have been named as “the porous substance effect” and “the stirring effect” respectively, both being named generically as “the agitation effect”. Some examples of the “agitation effect” observed hitherto have been summarized.
The Synthesis of Higher Alcohols in the Presence of Calcium Carbide. (B.) VI Normal Butyl Alcohol from Ethyl Alcohol and Carbide
Authors: Negishi Ryoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The various substances synthesized have been separated into a number of fractions by distillation, and the properties of them have been described briefly.
The following factors which affect the synthesis of butanol have been considered: The effects of (1) the carbide concentration in the paste, (2) the temperature, (3) the rate of alcohol charged, (4) the pressure, (5) the rate of effluent gas, (6) the carbide content, (7) the solid diluents, and (8) miscellaneous factors, such as the species of the introduced gases and the paste vehicles.
Under the optimum conditions, two parts by volume of ethyl alcohol give one part of normal butanol, 0.2 parts of higher alcohol, and 0.3 parts of so-called hydrocarbons, boiling up to 165°C.
It has been concluded that the non-catalytic synthesis of normal butanol from ethyl alcohol in the presence of calcium carbide is not only theoretically interesting, but it may possess also some practical significance.