bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of deactivation or resistance mechanisms of CrOx, VOx and MnOx supported phases in the total oxidation of chlorobenzene via ToF‐SIMS and XPS analyses
Authors: Bertinchamps F. , Poleunis C. , Grégoire C. , Eloy P. , Bertrand P. , Gaigneaux E. M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractVOx, CrOx and MnOx supported on TiO2 are all efficient catalysts in the total oxidation of benzene. However, in the oxidation of chlorobenzene, they exhibit different behaviors in terms of their resistance to deactivation by the chlorinated reactant and/or products of the reaction (Cl2, HCl). Precisely: VOx catalysts present a very good resistance; conversely, MnOx catalysts present a huge deactivation and CrOx catalysts exhibit an intermediate behavior. This contribution leads to a better understanding of the mechanisms and origins of the respective deactivation (or resistance to deactivation) of the catalysts via a postmortem characterization by ‘X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy’ (XPS) and ‘time of flight—secondary ion mass spectroscopy’ (ToF‐SIMS). (i) The different behaviors are correlated to the atomic ratio of chlorine/transition metal at the surface of the used catalysts and (ii) the nature of the chlorinated species responsible for the deactivation is elucidated: namely, CrOx catalysts deactivate because of a firm adsorption at the surface of the chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOC) or of chlorinated intermediates of reaction, while MnOx catalysts deactivate because of the formation of (oxy)chlorides at their surface. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long range and surface effects on the Auger parameter: electrostatic self‐consistent polarization energy model
Authors: Satta Mauro , Morpurgo Simone , Moretti Giuliano 
Published: February 2008

AbstractComputational (Tinker) and computer graphic (Molden) programs, available free of charge from the web, respectively, permit the calculation of Auger parameter shifts at the electrostatical level of theory and the graphical display of the involved atomic structures. The effects of distant cations and anions from the ion with the added positive charge may be easily investigated together with the effect of decreasing its coordination number because of its localization at the surface of the material. For such an ion, the effect of adsorbed molecules (e.g. water molecules) on the Auger parameter shift can also be calculated. An application of this method is reported for a BaCl2 crystal considering the Auger parameter shift of Ba cations in different localizations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ARXPS study of the ion mobility through (HfO2)x(SiO2)1−x formed on air‐exposed HfSi0.5As1.5
Authors: Grosvenor Andrew P. , Cavell Ronald G. , Mar Arthur 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe oxidation of the (001) surface of HfSi0.5As1.5 exposed to the atmosphere, as monitored by angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS), gives rise to a slightly Si‐rich (HfO2)x(SiO2)1−x film. As2O3 and SiO2 are present at the air‐oxide interface, suggesting that both As and Si atoms can diffuse through the amorphous silicate film via vacancies, in the form of defects and interstitial sites. By exposing the surface over periods between 1 and 60 min, it was found that the oxidation of HfSi0.5As1.5 follows logarithmic kinetics, indicating that the oxide film formed is passive. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of the initial oxide‐film microstructure on the passivation behavior of Al metal surfaces
Authors: Reichel F. , Jeurgens L. P. H. , Mittemeijer E. J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAn unexpected passivation behavior is reported for the low temperature oxidation of bare Al{111} substrates, which is characterized by an unusual decrease of the oxide‐film thickness with increasing temperature (at constant time) in the amorphous oxide‐film regime (as established by angle resolved‐X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, real‐time In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry and low energy electron diffraction). Modeling of the oxide‐film growth kinetics on the basis of the coupled‐currents of cations and electrons in a surface‐charge field shows that the decrease of oxide‐film thickness with increasing temperature is due to a slow increase of the rate‐limiting activation energy barrier for cation transport, W, with increasing temperature in combination with a constant kinetic potential due to the surface‐charge field up to the amorphous‐to‐crystalline transition temperature at about 450 K. On Al{100} a more gradual amorphous‐to‐crystalline transition is observed, which is associated with concurrent increases of not only the energy barrier W, but also the kinetic potential, resulting in the usually observed increase of the near‐limiting thickness with increasing temperature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐energy total reflection X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy for polished iron surface
Authors: Nagoshi Masayasu , Kawano Takashi , Makiishi Noriko , Baba Yuji , Kobayashi Katsumi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTotal reflection (TR) XPS has been applied to a mirror‐polished iron sheet using incident X‐ray with the energy range of 1800–3600 eV from synchrotron radiation. XPS spectra measured under the TR conditions show remarkably low background intensity and the relative background intensity becomes lower as the photon energy of incident X‐ray increases. These results are explained qualitatively by means of shallow penetration depth of grazing incident X‐rays and rather deep escape depth of high‐energy photoelectrons. XPS spectra have been recorded under ordinary XPS geometry using X‐rays with the same energy range. These spectra are compared with TRXPS, and background spectra are extracted and used for background subtraction for ordinary XPS spectra. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
XPS spectromicroscopy: exploiting the relationship between images and spectra
Authors: Walton John , Fairley Neal 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe application of spectroscopic processing techniques to multi‐spectral XPS data sets has enabled the acquisition of quantitative surface chemical state images. Such data sets are necessarily large, incorporating many spectra, so prohibiting interactive processing. Instead multivariate analytical techniques are used to reduce the dimensionality of the data, and also to increase the signal/noise, there bye speeding acquisition. These techniques may also be used to classify regions in images according to different chemistry, that is changes in photoelectron intensity, changes in binding energy and changes in the inelastic background. Spectra from classified regions may then be summed to aid visualisation, obviating the need for multivariate curve resolution with its attendant uncertainties. Further the inelastic background of transmission corrected spectra from classified regions may be modelled to provide spatially resolved in‐depth information. Such classification also aids curve fitting, since curve fit models can be applied to regions of similar chemistry. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanowires of metal oxides for gas sensing applications
Authors: Kaciulis Saulius , Pandolfi Luca , Comini Elisabetta , Faglia Guido , Ferroni Matteo , Sberveglieri Giorgio , Kandasamy Sasikaran , Shafiei Mahnaz , Wlodarski Wojtek 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNanowires of different metal oxides (SnO2, ZnO) have been grown by evaporation–condensation process. Their chemical composition has been investigated by using XPS. The standard XPS quantification through main photoelectron peaks, modified Auger parameter and valence band spectra were examined for the accurate determination of oxidation state of metals in the nanowires.Morphological investigation has been conducted by acquiring and analyzing the SEM images. For the simulation of working conditions of sensor, the samples were annealed in ultra high vacuum (UHV) up to 500 °C and XPS analysis repeated after this treatment. Finally, the nanowires of SnO2 have were used to produce a novel gas sensor based on Pt/oxide/SiC structure and operating as Schottky diode. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of copper corrosion products formed during localized corrosion using field emission Auger electron spectroscopy
Authors: Van Ingelgem Yves , Vandendael Isabelle , Vereecken Jean , Hubin Annick 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCorrosion of pure copper surfaces in chloride‐containing solutions leads to the combined local and global attack of the surface. To be able to identify both reactions, it is important to know the nature of the corrosion products formed in both processes. This was done by investigation of the corroded surface using field emission AES (FE‐AES). The spectra recorded from different locations on the surface were compared to reference spectra using target factor analysis (TFA). The study confirmed the porous nature of the general corrosion product layer. In this layer both Cu2O and CuO are present, the former in higher concentrations. In the local attack sites more CuO than Cu2O is detected and also more chlorides are present. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of polyvinylpyrolidone as an additive in electrochemical preparation of ZnO nanowires and nanostructured thin films
Authors: Enculescu Ionut , Matei Elena , Sima Mariana , Enculescu Monica , Sima Marian , Ghica Cornel 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPreparation of ZnO in different nano‐morphological forms became a hot topic during the last few years. This tendency was motivated by the wide field of potential applications ranging from optics to electronics and spintronics. In the present work, we deal with the preparation of ZnO nanowires and nanostructured thin films using electrochemical deposition.ZnO nanowires were grown using the template approach, namely by replicating the nanopores of polycarbonate ion track membranes. The method yields uniform arrays of nanowires with the morphology controlled by the shape and size of the templates pores. Adding polyvinylpyrolidone as an additive in the growth bath became a necessity due to the fact that polycarbonate ion track membranes are usually hydrophobic and thus filling of the nanopores with the growth electrolyte is rather difficult. In order to better understand the influence of the additive on the electrochemical deposition of such nanostructures, similar experiments were performed for the deposition of ZnO thin films.Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and optical spectroscopy measurements were performed for characterization of the deposited structures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
XPS analysis of nano‐thin films on substrate
Authors: Mao S. F. , Zhang Z. M. , Tokesi K. , Csik A. , Toth J. , Bereczky R. J. , Ding Z. J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFor a surface localized nano‐structure, the XPS quantification based only on peak intensity analysis is inaccurate. In this work, we have developed an algorithm that is more elaborate and convenient for application to XPS quantification of nanoscale thin film on substrate by considering the background in a region of about 100 eV following the film signal peak. A W/SiO2 overlayer sample is investigated in this work. Theoretical evaluation of the spectra is compared with the experimental result and a pertinent algorithm is derived for application to the film thickness analysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of phosphorus concentration on the electronic structure of nanocrystalline electrodeposited Ni–P alloys: an XPS and XAES investigation
Authors: Elsener B. , Atzei D. , Krolikowski A. , Rossi A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA surface analysis has been conducted on a series of electrodeposited nickel‐phosphorus (Ni–P) alloys containing from 6 to 29 at.% phosphorus, using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES). No changes in core‐level binding energies, Ni2p3/2 and Ni2p1/2, P2p, P2s, or X‐ray excited NiLMM and PKLL Auger lines were observed regardless of phosphorus concentration. The only systematic differences observed concerned: (i) the binding energy of the Ni2p satellite peak, (ii) the fine structure of the NiLMM Auger lines, (iii) the percentage of the satellite in the total Ni2p3/2 spectrum and (iv) the valence band density of states in the Ni3d electrons region, all related to the electronic structure of the Ni–P alloys. For the first time, it has been possible to describe and rationalise the influence of (phosphorus) ligand concentration on the electronic structure of nickel‐based alloys, using a screening model proposed in the literature for clarifying the role of substituents on the electronic structure of conductor compounds of nickel. As the phosphorus content increases, the number of non‐bonding Ni3d electrons decreases. Thus the d‐type core‐hole screening is less pronounced and the binding energy of the satellite for the final state with a filled Ni4s shell increases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A risk‐adjusted CUSUM in continuous time based on the Cox model
Authors: Biswas Pinaki , Kalbfleisch John D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn clinical practice, it is often important to monitor the outcomes associated with participating facilities. In organ transplantation, for example, it is important to monitor and assess the outcomes of the transplants performed at the participating centers and send a signal if a significant upward trend in the failure rates is detected. In manufacturing and process control contexts, the cumulative summation (CUSUM) technique has been used as a sequential monitoring scheme for some time. More recently, the CUSUM has also been suggested for use in medical contexts. In this article, we outline a risk‐adjusted CUSUM procedure based on the Cox model for a failure time outcome. Theoretical approximations to the average run length are obtained for this new proposal and for some discrete time procedures suggested in the literature. The proposed scheme and approximations are evaluated in simulations and illustrated on transplant facility data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth rates in epidemic models: Application to a model for HIV/AIDS progression
Authors: Gran Jon Michael , Wasmuth Linn , Amundsen Ellen J. , Lindqvist Bo H. , Aalen Odd O. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe most common quantity used to describe the growth of an epidemic when modelling infectious diseases is the basic reproduction numberR0. WhileR0is most appropriate for epidemics with short‐lasting infections, long‐lasting infections such as HIV/AIDS may call for the use of growth rates with other properties. For a group of multi‐state compartment models we define bothR0, the actual reproduction numberRa(t), and the intrinsic growth rater. We study the relationship between these different reproduction numbers and growth rates and take a brief look at how they could be estimated from actual observed data. The work is illustrated by a model for HIV/AIDS progression among homosexual men in England and Wales. We conclude that other measures of growth, in addition toR0, give important supplementary information. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytochrome P450 2E1 in the substantia nigra: Relevance for dopaminergic neurotransmission and free radical production
Authors: Shahabi H. Niazi , Andersson D.R. , Nissbrandt H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) has been detected in brain regions which are of relevance for the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, such as the substantia nigra (SN). Furthermore, CYP2E1 is known to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), toxic molecules which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. We have previously reported that CYP2E1 inhibition increases extracellular dopamine (DA) in the SN. The aims of the present study were by using in vivo microdialysis in rat, to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the increase in extracellular DA induced by CYP2E1 inhibition and to explore whether ROS is produced in the SN, both with and without the presence of an exogenous CYP2E1 substrate. The effect of inhibition of CYP2E1 by phenylethyl isothiocyanate (100 mg/kg) on extracellular DA in the SN was unaltered following pretreatment with γ‐butyrolactone and GBR‐12909, drugs that inhibit firing of DA neurons and DA re‐uptake, respectively. Preadministration of tetrodotoxin or reserpine, however, abolished the effect of CYP2E1 inhibition. Administration of isoflurane, an anesthetic which is metabolized by CYP2E1, increased the production of •OH in the SN, as measured by the transformation of 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid to 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid during local perfusion compared with animals given other anesthetics. The results support the notion that CYP2E1 is located near or in the same compartment in the SN as stored DA, tentatively the endoplasmatic reticulum, and that the enzyme activity might modulate the amount of DA that is available for release. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the production of ROS can be stimulated by CYP2E1 substrates. Synapse 62:379–388, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solvent extraction of lipids from soybeans with acidic hexane
Authors: Hensarling T. P. , Jacks T. J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractHexane and hexane containing 5% acetic acid (v/v) were used to extract lipids from soybean at room temperature and at 60 C. Hexane/acetic acid extractions yielded ca. 11% more total lipids and ca. 6–10% more neutral oil than did hexane extractions. Hexane/ acetic acid extraction at room temperature yielded the same or slightly more neutral oil than did hexane at 60 C. Thirty‐five times more phosphorus was extracted with hexane/acetic acid than with hexane; this phosphorus represented ca. 46% of the phospholipid phosphorus of soybean. Also, when hexane/acetic acid was used as the solvent, the separation of miscella from marc by filtration was about twice as rapid as the separation when hexane alone was the solvent.
Increased oilseed protein solubility after peroxide exposure
Authors: Jacks T. J. , Hensarling T. P. , Muller L. L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOilseed proteins of peanut (arachin), pumpkin (cucurbitin) and soy (11‐S glycinin) were exposed to 30% H2 O2. Solubilities of arachin, cucurbitin, and glycinin increased 8.5‐fold, 40‐fold, and ca. 200‐fold, respectively, in aqueous (arachin and cucurbitin) or acidic (glycinin) media. Implications for utilization of oilseed pro‐teins following exposureto H2 O2 are discussed.
Cognitive and Behavioural Effects of Genetic Testing for Thrombophilia
Authors: Heshka J. , Palleschi C. , Wilson B. , Brehaut J. , Rutberg J. , Etchegary H. , Langlois N. , Rodger M. , Wells P. S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractVery few studies have examined the impact of genetic testing for thrombophilia on health behaviours, perceptions of control over risk factors for venous thromboembolism, or health services utilization. Through a postal questionnaire we compared first degree relatives with thrombophilia (carriers) most of whom had received counseling, to those without (non‐carriers) with respect to: (a) perceived causes of venous thromboembolism; (b) perceived control; (c) health behaviour changes; and (d) use of health care services. 44/51 for carriers and 26/47 for non‐carriers completed questionnaires. Carriers were more likely to believe their risk of venous thromboembolism ‘is a little higher’ or ‘much higher’ than average (p < 0.001) but some continued to believe their risk ‘is the same as’ or ‘lower than’ average. 16%–32% of carriers did not recognize major risk factors. Stress, worry, or depression, negative attitude, and over‐exertion were over‐interpreted as risks. 37.2% did not appreciate that thrombophilia increases risk. Behaviour changes were uncommon. There is a need for research on education and strategies to improve knowledge in thrombophilia carriers.
Effects of a Single and Short‐Term Ingestion of Diacylglycerol on Fat Oxidation in Rats
Authors: Osaki Noriko , Meguro Shinichi , Onizawa Kouji , Mizuno Tomohito , Shimotoyodome Akira , Hase Tadashi , Tokimitsu Ichiro 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis study examines the effect of diacylglycerol (DAG) oil consisting mainly of 1,3‐species on fat oxidation as a possible mechanism for anti‐obesity. We examined the following: (1) the long‐term (23‐week) effects of a DAG oil diet on the development of obesity; (2) the effect of a single ingestion of DAG oil on fat oxidation; and, (3) the short‐term (2‐week) effect of a DAG oil diet on fat metabolism in rats. Rats fed a DAG oil diet accumulated significantly less body fat compared to rats fed a triacylglycerol (TAG) oil diet, each oil possesses a similar fatty acid composition. More 14C‐CO2 was expired and less 14C‐radioactivity was incorporated into visceral fat after administration of a tracer emulsion containing 1,3‐[oleoyl‐1‐14C] diolein compared to [carboxyl‐14C] triolein. Indirect calorimetry showed respiratory quotients were significantly lower in the DAG oil diet group than in the TAG oil diet group. More 14C‐CO2 was expired and less 14C‐radioactivity was incorporated into visceral fat in the DAG oil diet group than in the TAG oil diet group after a single intragastric administration of [carboxyl‐14C] triolein. These results suggest the following. (1) DAG oil has an inhibitory effect on diet‐induced fat accumulation. (2) 1,3‐DAG, a major component of DAG oil, is more susceptible to oxidation. (3) A short‐term ingestion of DAG oil increases fat utilization at the whole body level and results in increased oxidation of dietary fat. The stimulated fat oxidation might be one explanation for the anti‐obesity effect of long‐term DAG oil ingestion.
Acute heart failure in the emergency department: Short and long‐term outcomes of elderly patients with heart failure
Authors: Ezekowitz Justin A. , Bakal Jeffery A. , Kaul Padma , Westerhout Cynthia M. , Armstrong Paul W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAims:Previous epidemiologic studies of acute heart failure (AHF) have involved patients admitted to hospital and fail to account for that unknown proportion discharged directly from the emergency department (ED). We examined discharge rates, and whether outcomes, including mortality, differed based on admission status in AHF.Methods and results:This population‐based cohort included all patients ≥65 years presenting to an Alberta ED with HF (ICD9‐CM 428.x; 1998 to 2001). Patients were either not admitted (Not‐ADM) or directly admitted to hospital (ADM) and followed for one‐year.Of 10,415 AHF patients evaluated in the ED, 35% were Not‐ADM whereas 65% were ADM. Thirty days after ED presentation the rates of death, re‐ED or initial/re‐hospitalisation were 3.3%, 44% and 19% for Not‐ADM, and 10.9%, 33% and 21% for the ADM patients, respectively (all p<0.0001). At one‐year, the rates of death, re‐ED or initial/re‐hospitalisation were 20%, 82% and 58% for Not‐ADM, and 34%, 72% and 60% for ADM, respectively (all p<0.0001).Conclusions:One third of AHF patients were not immediately admitted after an ED visit but most present again to the ED, two‐thirds were hospitalised and 20% died within the first year. Our findings provide new impetus to undertake risk assessment and treatment strategies in the ED for AHF.