bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The comprehensive strategy in the human health risk assessment of total chromium impurities in cough syrups with Marshmallow Root (Althaea officinalis) available in Polish pharmacies: regulatory aspects and special emphasis on Cr(VI) mode of action
Authors: Jurowski Kamil , Krośniak Mirosław 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChromium, which can currently only be considered pharmacologically active and not an essential element, is a very intriguing elemental impurity in final pharmaceutical products, especially traditional herbal medicinal products. This kind of traditional herbal medicinal product with Marshmallow root (Althaea officinalis L., radix) registered in the EU is widely used among the European population. The aim of this article is to propose a double regulatory strategy in assessing the human health risk of total chromium impurities in cough syrups with Marshmallow Root (Althaea officinalis) available in Polish pharmacies. We applied the strategy based on the requirements of the ICH Q3D (R1) guideline for the assessment of Cr impurities in final traditional herbal medicinal products with Marshmallow Root registered in the EU. Furthermore, we applied the strategy based on the concept of margin of exposure (MoE) considering Cr(VI) genotoxicity mode of action (MOA) and based on BMD10 for Cr(VI) as a point of departure (PoD). The total Cr content was in the range: 1.12–9.61 µg/L (in comparison with the ICH Q3D R1 guidelines: 1100 µg/g). Total Cr levels in a single dose were relatively high compared to raw results, but were not a threat to patients. Comparison of estimated results with oral PDE value for Cr in final drugs suggested by the ICH Q3D R1 guideline (10,700 µg/day) show that all the products analyzed were below this value (the highest result was 278.40 ng/day). Despite conservative assumptions, the MoE values obtained for Cr in daily dose for each Marshmallow Root cough syrup were above 10,000; therefore, exposure to Cr would not cause a health risk for specific population groups (children and adults). It can be summarized that each of the phytopharmaceuticals analysed with Marshmallow root available in Polish pharmacies does not represent a health hazard to patients. We confirm the safety of Cr impurities by applying a double regulatory strategy without the application of an expansive and demanding HPLC-ICP-MS technique for Cr speciation.
Factors affecting the protection of data rights in sports events: a configurational analysis
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Guo Xinyan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe development of algorithms and the spread of digital infrastructure have contributed significantly to the productivity of the digital economy. Data has come to be known as the “oil of the digital economy”. At the same time, data has begun to participate more deeply in the production activities of the global sports industry chain, and the international discussion on how to protect the rights of sports event data has been increasing. Based on the configurational theory and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, this study discusses the factors affecting the protection of sports event data rights. The study found three configuration paths for achieving high enterprise data protection effectiveness and two for achieving low enterprise data protection effectiveness. The results of this study provide theoretical support for governments to address the issue of sports event data rights. They will also facilitate the safe use of data in sports, promote the global sports industry and humanitarian action development, and contribute to international sustainable development.
Association between oxidative balance score and sarcopenia in older adults
Authors: Mahmoodi Marzieh , Shateri Zainab , Nazari Seyed Alireza , Nouri Mehran , Nasimi Nasrin , Sohrabi Zahra , Dabbaghmanesh Mohammad Hossein 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disease in which oxidative stress has been proposed as one of the primary markers. The oxidative balance score (OBS) represents the oxidative balance of a person's dietary pattern using the merged intake of anti-oxidants and pro-oxidants. Therefore, the present study assessed the association between OBS and sarcopenia in Iranian older adults. In the current study, 80 people with sarcopenia and 80 without it were considered the case and control groups, respectively. All controls were matched by sex with cases. To confirm sarcopenia, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), handgrip strength (HGS) measurement, and gait speed were used. Also, body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). A valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess all participants' dietary intake of pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants. Conditional logistic regression was applied to assess the association between OBS and sarcopenia. In the bivariate model, we observed lower odds of sarcopenia in the second and last tertile of OBS in comparison to the first tertile (T) (T2 – odds ratio (OR) = 0.414, 95% confidence interval (CI) : 0.186–0.918 and T3 – OR = 0.101, 95% CI: 0.041–0.248). After adjusting for potential confounders, the association was not significant in second and last tertile of OBS in comparision to the first one. The present study's findings demonstrated that overcoming exposure to anti-oxidants over pro-oxidants, as illustrated by a higher OBS, is not related to lower odds of sarcopenia in older adults.
Using machine learning techniques to predict the risk of osteoporosis based on nationwide chronic disease data
Authors: Tu Jun-Bo , Liao Wei-Jie , Liu Wen-Cai , Gao Xing-Hua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOsteoporosis is a major public health concern that significantly increases the risk of fractures. The aim of this study was to develop a Machine Learning based predictive model to screen individuals at high risk of osteoporosis based on chronic disease data, thus facilitating early detection and personalized management. A total of 10,000 complete patient records of primary healthcare data in the German Disease Analyzer database (IMS HEALTH) were included, of which 1293 diagnosed with osteoporosis and 8707 without the condition. The demographic characteristics and chronic disease data, including age, gender, lipid disorder, cancer, COPD, hypertension, heart failure, CHD, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and stroke were collected from electronic health records. Ten different machine learning algorithms were employed to construct the predictive mode. The performance of the model was further validated and the relative importance of features in the model was analyzed. Out of the ten machine learning algorithms, the Stacker model based on Logistic Regression, AdaBoost Classifier, and Gradient Boosting Classifier demonstrated superior performance. The Stacker model demonstrated excellent performance through ten-fold cross-validation on the training set and ROC curve analysis on the test set. The confusion matrix, lift curve and calibration curves indicated that the Stacker model had optimal clinical utility. Further analysis on feature importance highlighted age, gender, lipid metabolism disorders, cancer, and COPD as the top five influential variables. In this study, a predictive model for osteoporosis based on chronic disease data was developed using machine learning. The model shows great potential in early detection and risk stratification of osteoporosis, ultimately facilitating personalized prevention and management strategies.
Pathogenicity of monokaryotic and dikaryotic mycelia of Ganoderma boninense revealed via LC–MS-based metabolomics
Authors: Santiago Krystle Angelique A. , Wong Wei Chee , Goh You Keng , Tey Seng Heng , Ting Adeline Su Yien 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study compared the pathogenicity of monokaryotic (monokaryon) and dikaryotic (dikaryon) mycelia of the oil palm pathogen Ganoderma boninense via metabolomics approach. Ethyl acetate crude extracts of monokaryon and dikaryon were analysed by liquid chromatography quadrupole/time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-Q/TOF–MS) coupled with multivariate data analysis using MetaboAnalyst. The mummichog algorithm was also used to identify the functional activities of monokaryon and dikaryon without a priori identification of all their secondary metabolites. Results revealed that monokaryon produced lesser fungal metabolites than dikaryon, suggesting that monokaryon had a lower possibility of inducing plant infection. These findings were further supported by the identified functional activities. Monokaryon exhibits tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan metabolism, which are important for fungal growth and development and to produce toxin precursors. In contrast, dikaryon exhibits the metabolism of cysteine and methionine, arginine and proline, and phenylalanine, which are important for fungal growth, development, virulence, and pathogenicity. As such, monokaryon is rendered non-pathogenic as it produces growth metabolites and toxin precursors, whereas dikaryon is pathogenic as it produces metabolites that are involved in fungal growth and pathogenicity. The LC–MS-based metabolomics approach contributes significantly to our understanding of the pathogenesis of Ganoderma boninense, which is essential for disease management in oil palm plantations.
Cultural evolution creates the statistical structure of language
Authors: Arnon Inbal , Kirby Simon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHuman language is unique in its structure: language is made up of parts that can be recombined in a productive way. The parts are not given but have to be discovered by learners exposed to unsegmented wholes. Across languages, the frequency distribution of those parts follows a power law. Both statistical properties—having parts and having them follow a particular distribution—facilitate learning, yet their origin is still poorly understood. Where do the parts come from and why do they follow a particular frequency distribution? Here, we show how these two core properties emerge from the process of cultural evolution with whole-to-part learning. We use an experimental analog of cultural transmission in which participants copy sets of non-linguistic sequences produced by a previous participant: This design allows us to ask if parts will emerge purely under pressure for the system to be learnable, even without meanings to convey. We show that parts emerge from initially unsegmented sequences, that their distribution becomes closer to a power law over generations, and, importantly, that these properties make the sets of sequences more learnable. We argue that these two core statistical properties of language emerge culturally both as a cause and effect of greater learnability.
Enhancing detection accuracy via controlled release of 3D-printed microlattice nasopharyngeal swabs
Authors: Xiao Ran , Li Jiaheng , Wong Yue Fung , Chu Lok Ting , Zhu Yingxin , Wang Liqiang , Wu Minghui , Zhang Dingkun , Gong Meng , Lai Joseph , Chan Kannie W. Y. , Fan Rong , Chen Ting-Hsuan , Lu Yang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNasopharyngeal (NP) swab is one of the most effective sampling devices for clinical specimens. However, commercial NP swabs often release samples through diluents, lowering analyte concentration and causing inaccurate detections. Here, we developed 3D-printed open-cell microlattice NP swabs with user-friendly high-efficiency controlled sample release (CR) mode. Compared with traditional NP swabs, our microlattice NP swabs show higher (~7–11 times) flexibility, larger (~2.3 times) and customizable release volume, higher (dozens to thousands of times) release concentration, high recovery efficiency (~100%), and the ability to quantify analyte levels. Our microlattice NP swabs have been thus demonstrated to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of antibody detection experiments using rapid detection kits. This study offers a promising approach to enhance sensitivity and accuracy in clinical specimen detections, and is beneficial to inspire the design of a wider range of biomedical devices based on 3D-printed microlattice metamaterials.
Mitochondrial fusion and altered beta-oxidation drive muscle wasting in a Drosophila cachexia model
Authors: Dark Callum , Ali Nashia , Golenkina Sofya , Dhyani Vaibhav , Blazev Ronnie , Parker Benjamin L , Murphy Kate T , Lynch Gordon S , Senapati Tarosi , Millard S Sean , Judge Sarah M , Judge Andrew R , Giri Lopamudra , Russell Sarah M , Cheng Louise Y 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCancer cachexia is a tumour-induced wasting syndrome, characterised by extreme loss of skeletal muscle. Defective mitochondria can contribute to muscle wasting; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using aDrosophilalarval model of cancer cachexia, we observed enlarged and dysfunctional muscle mitochondria. Morphological changes were accompanied by upregulation of beta-oxidation proteins and depletion of muscle glycogen and lipid stores. Muscle lipid stores were also decreased in Colon-26 adenocarcinoma mouse muscle samples, and expression of the beta-oxidation geneCPT1Awas negatively associated with muscle quality in cachectic patients. Mechanistically, mitochondrial defects result from reduced muscle insulin signalling, downstream of tumour-secreted insulin growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) homologue ImpL2. Strikingly, muscle-specific inhibition of Forkhead box O (FOXO), mitochondrial fusion, or beta-oxidation in tumour-bearing animals preserved muscle integrity. Finally, dietary supplementation with nicotinamide or lipids, improved muscle health in tumour-bearing animals. Overall, our work demonstrates that muscle FOXO, mitochondria dynamics/beta-oxidation and lipid utilisation are key regulators of muscle wasting in cancer cachexia.
Feature‐enhanced representation with transformers for multi‐view stereo
Authors: Xiang Lintao , Yin Hujun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMost existing multi‐view stereo (MVS) methods fail to consider global context information in the stage of feature extraction and cost aggregation. As transformers have shown remarkable performance on various vision tasks due to their ability to perceive global contextual information, this paper proposes a transformer‐based feature enhancement network (TF‐MVSNet) to facilitate feature representation learning by combining local features (both 2D and 3D) with long‐range contextual information. To reduce memory consumption of feature matching, the cross‐attention mechanism is leveraged to efficiently construct 3D cost volumes under the epipolar constraint. Additionally, a colour‐guided network is designed to refine depth maps at a coarse stage, hence reducing incorrect depth predictions at a fine stage. Extensive experiments were performed on the DTU dataset and Tanks and Temples (T&T) benchmark and results are reported.
Design and implementation in an Altera's cyclone IV EP4CE6E22C8 FPGA board of a fast and robust cipher using combined 1D maps
Authors: Djomo Alain Fanda , Tiedeu Alain , Fotsing Janvier 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes an image encryption algorithm based on combined 1D chaotic maps. First, a permutation technique was applied. It was then reorganized into 1D matrices along the rows and columns respectively, which were then shuffled by computing the substituted position indices to obtain the scrambled image. Subsequently, a method of confusion of the scrambled image was used through another generated data map, combined with random sub‐matrices for diffusion, then resulting in an encrypted image. Finally, the proposed cryptosystem was implemented in a single kernel platform developed using the Nios II Software Build Tools processor for Eclipse. A hardware architecture was designed using the Qsys‐built tool which is available in the Quartus II 13.0sp1 environment. The developed single‐core system was implemented using the Cyclone IV EP4CE6E22C8. Robustness evaluation of the cryptosystem was performed through security analysis tests such as histogram analysis, correlation coefficient, differential analysis, and key space analysis to prove that it is of good quality, efficient, fast, and successfully resisting brute force attacks. The hardware performance analysis was also carried out. Then the cryptosystem is compared with those in the literature both in the hardware and security performance aspects.
A low‐cost method for testing and analyzing the cervical range of motion
Authors: Zhang Xun , Xu Guanghua , Li Zejin , Teng Zhicheng , Zhang Xin , Zhang Sicong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMeasurement of the cervical range of motion (CROM) is significant for early diagnosis of cervical spondylosis and determination of the severity of the disease. Aiming at the problem of convenient and continuous measurement of CROM and the reduction of the impact of data fluctuations, this paper proposes a low‐cost method for testing and analyzing CROM. This paper analyzes the correspondence between smartphone orientation sensor angle and CROM, obtains smartphone orientation sensing data, and uses the extreme‐point symmetric mode decomposition method by calculating the energy of the difference value to extract the adaptive global mean curve of the CROM data, and calculates the cervical ROM. The statistical analysis of the CROM test results is carried out. Results show that the method proposed can obtain the CROM including flexion and extension, lateral flexion, and rotation in a single measurement, which has the advantages of continuous measurement and low cost.
Immunologische Tracerentwicklung mit Nanobodies
Authors: Küppers Jim 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungNanobodies sind die antigenbindenden Fragmente eines speziellen Antikörperformats, welches
zum Beispiel in Kameliden vorkommt. Die Größe, Struktur und Beschaffenheit von Nanobodies
bringen viele Vorteile mit sich, wodurch sie als exzellente Vehikel für die Entwicklung von
Radiotracern in der nuklearmedizinischen Bildgebung und Therapie von großem Wert sind. Zu
diesem Zweck werden die entsprechenden Radiohalogene oder Radiometalle auf unterschiedliche
Art und Weise selektiv oder unselektiv an der Peptidkette des Nanobody’s angebracht. Die
indirekte Radiohalogenierung mittels prosthetischer Gruppen und die Postmarkierung von bereits
eingebrachten Chelatoren mit Radiometallen sind die bevorzugten Markierungsstrategien. Am
häufigsten erfolgt die Tracerentwicklung über den His6-Tag mit
99mTc-Tricarbonyl. Präklinisch und auch zum Teil klinisch konnte die Eignung von
verschiedenen nanobodybasierten Tracern bereits gezeigt werden.
Reduction en masse of Inguinal Hernia in a 2-Month-Old Male Infant
Authors: Kojima Masato , Touge Ryo , Kurihara Sho , Saeki Isamu , Takahashi Shinya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReduction en masse is the reduction of the hernial sac into the preperitoneal space, with a loop of bowel remaining trapped at the neck of the hernial sac. This complication is rare, usually associated with inguinal hernias, and is characterized by the absence of a noticeable bulge in the groin. The patient was a 2-month-old male infant and presented with a nonreducible bulge in his left groin, and incarceration of the left inguinal hernia was diagnosed. Manual reduction was performed, and the hernia bulge became less noticeable. He was admitted, and laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure was scheduled for the next day. The laparoscopy revealed remarkably dilated intestines, serous ascites, and an ischemic intestine in the left groin. A laparotomy was performed and revealed reduction en masse of the left inguinal hernia with a strangulated ileum at its neck. We made an incision at the neck, followed by the resection of 20-cm long strangulated ileum. The patient's condition was unstable on the day of operation, but the postoperative period was uneventful, and the left inguinal hernia was repaired, 11 months after the operation. Reduction en masse in pediatrics is significantly rare but when it occurs, the diagnosis can be delayed and occasionally the patient will be life-threatening. To avoid reduction en masse, it is crucial to perform the reduction gently and confirm the absence of a hernia sac in the preperitoneal space containing a loop of bowel by ultrasound scanning. Moreover, contrary to common practice, overnight observation and close monitoring will avoid missing a late presentation, leading to timely interventions.
Intraoperative Stimulation Mapping in Neurosurgery for Anesthesiologists, Part 2: The Anesthetic Considerations
Authors: Masohood Naeema S. , Paquin-Lanthier Gabriel , Chui Jason , Lu Nancy , Chowdhury Tumul , Venkatraghavan Lashmi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntraoperative language and sensorimotor function mapping with direct electrical stimulation allows precise identification of functionally important brain regions. Direct electrical stimulation brain mapping has become the standard of care for the resection of brain lesions near or within eloquent regions with various patient outcome benefits. Intraoperative stimulation mapping (ISM) is commonly performed in an awake patient for language and motor assessments. However, motor mapping under general anesthesia, termed asleep motor mapping, has been increasingly performed over the last two decades for lesions primarily affecting the motor areas of the brain. Both asleep-awake-asleep and monitored anesthesia care have been successfully used for awake craniotomy in modern neuroanesthesia. Each anesthetic agent exerts varying effects on the quality of ISM, especially under general anesthesia. Careful selection of an anesthetic technique is crucial for the successful performance of ISM in both awake and asleep conditions. A comprehensive search was performed on electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify articles describing anesthesia for awake craniotomy, intraoperative brain mapping, and asleep motor mapping. In the second part of this narrative review, we summarize the effects of different anesthetic regimes and agents on ISM, causes of the failure of awake craniotomy and mapping, and outline the anesthetic considerations for ISM during awake craniotomy and asleep motor mapping.
Intrinsic magnetism of an individual rare-earth atom on transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors
Authors: Batnyam N. , Ochirkhuyag T. , Odkhuu D. 
Published: March 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) structures that exhibit intriguing magnetic phenomena such as perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy (PMA) have become a focus of spintronic research due to their potentials in maximizing the information storage density. Herein we perform density-functional theory plus U (DFT+U) calculations to investigate the binding affinity and intrinsic magnetic properties of an individual rare-earth (RE) Sm atom on WSe2 monolayer. Our calculations show that Sm adatom energetically prefers to adsorb at the W-top site in WSe2 rather than the Se-top and hollow sites. We predict extremely large PMA values of ∼7–33 meV per Sm at the most stable W-top site, depending on U parameter in DFT+U calculations, while it is negligibly small for the Se-top and hollow sites. The underlying mechanism for large PMA is elucidated in terms of the strong spin–orbit coupled Sm 4f – W 5d orbital states and large 4f orbital magnetic moment in the high-spin crystal field. These results provide a viable route to achieving an atomic scale f-electron PMA in 2D structures, opening interesting prospects in two-dimensional semiconducting spintronics.