bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of short-term verbal memory impairments in adolescents and adults with ADHD
Authors: Quinlan Donald M. , Brown Thomas E. 
Published: June 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a brief measure of verbal memory can assess short-term verbal memory impairments relative to verbal abilities in adolescents and adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and to ascertain whether significant differences between short-term verbal memory and verbal abilities are more common among persons with ADHD than in the general population. One hundred seventy-six adolescents and adults diagnosed with ADHD (DSM-IV criteria) were assessed with a measure of short-term verbal memory. The short-term verbal memory score of each subject was compared with the verbal abilities on two measures. Percentages of ADHD subjects with “significant discrepancy” between verbal IQ and short-term verbal memory were compared with the standardization sample for the verbal memory measure. A majority of adolescents and adults diagnosed with ADHD demonstrated significant discrepancy between performance on the short-term verbal memory measure and verbal IQ. The percentage of ADHD subjects with a significant discrepancy between these two measures greatly exceeded the percentage of persons in the general population showing such a discrepancy. This brief measure of short-term verbal memory may be a useful measure to include in a comprehensive assessment for ADHD symptoms in adolescents and adults. Replication in other groups of ADHD patients is needed to test the generalizability of the findings.
Assessing inhibitory control: A revised approach to the stop signal task
Authors: Carter J. D. , Farrow M. , Silberstein R. B. , Stough C. , Tucker A. , Pipingas A. 
Published: June 2007

The stop signal task (stop task) is designed to assess inhibitory control and is a frequently used research tool in clinical disorders such as ADHD and schizophrenia. Previous methods of setting stop signal delay and of assessing inhibitory control are problematic. The current study reports two modifications that improve the task as a measure of inhibitory control. The first modification was to set stop signal delays proportional to go mean reaction time (go MRT) to better account for inter-subject variability in go MRT. Twenty-eight normal children were tested, and all standard, stop task dependent measures were obtained when delays were set by this method. The second modification was to calculate a novel dependent measure called the area of inhibition (AOI) which provides a more complete measure of inhibitory control than the slope of the relative finishing time z-scores (ZRFT-slope). Implications for the assessment of inhibitory control in clinical populations are discussed.
Presenting problems and assigned diagnoses among young Latino children with disruptive behavior
Authors: Arcia Emily , Fernández María C. 
Published: June 2007

It is unclear whether the behaviors that alert families to the need for services are those that classify children for the diagnoses they receive. This study describes the behaviors that Latina mothers from Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic report to have induced them to seek services for their young children. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were used. Results indicated that mothers most frequently cited behaviors that fell in the categories of Hyperactivity, Aggression/Temper Tantrums, and School Complaints as reasons for help seeking. Whereas aggression and self-injurious acts were most alarming to mothers, School Complaints appeared to be a strong motivator for help seeking. Children whose mothers cited school behavior as a reason for help seeking had significantly poorer global functioning and presented significantly higher care giving demands than peers. In addition, their mothers reported significantly more disciplinary laxity than the mothers of peers without School Complaints. Maternal narratives of children’s behaviors moderately concurred with assigned diagnoses. Mothers overlooked inattentive behaviors in children with ADHD and reported much more aggression and oppositionality than might be expected from the number of diagnoses of ODD that were assigned.
Parenting of children with Attention-Defecit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): The role of parental ADHD symptomatology
Authors: Harvey E. , Danforth J. S. , McKee T. Eberhardt , Ulaszek W. R. , Friedman J. L. 
Published: June 2007

Objective: The present study examined the relation between parental ADHD symptomatology and parent-child behavior among 46 mothers and 26 fathers of ADHD children. Results: Fathers’ self-reports of inattention and impulsivity were strongly associated with self-reports of lax parenting both before and after parent training, and with self-reports of overreactivity after parent training. Fathers’ impulsivity was also associated with more arguing during audiotaped observations of parent-child interactions prior to parent training. Mothers’ self-reports of inattention were modestly associated with self-reports of laxness before and after parent training. Prior to parent training, there were nonlinear relations between mothers’ inattention and observations of mother-child behavior, with mothers who reported moderate levels of inattention engaging in the most negative parent-child interactions. After parent training, these relations were linear, with the mothers who reported the most inattention engaging in the most negative parent-child interactions. These results were weakened but were generally still significant when parental depression and alcohol use were controlled.
Persistence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder into adulthood: What have we learned from the prospective follow-up studies?
Authors: Mannuzza Salvatore , Klein Rachel G. , Moulton John L. 
Published: June 2007

Objectives: Longitudinal studies of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) into adolescence have all reported high rates of ADHD. However, findings from studies into adulthood are inconsistent. This article reviews factors that may account for disparate rates found in adult follow-ups, and recommends optimal methodologies for prospective studies of children with ADHD in particular and childhood mental disorders in general. Method: Follow-up studies of children with ADHD into adulthood are critically reviewed to identify factors that influence adult ADHD prevalence estimates. Results: Four factors are identified: (1) ascertainment procedure, (2) attrition rate, (3) reporting source, and (4) disorder criteria. Conclusions: Estimates of the proportion of children with ADHD who will experience symptoms of the childhood syndrome in adulthood are likely to vary considerably, as a function of multiple factors. Several recommendations are made for designing future follow-up investigations.
Maternal and child attributions in ADHD versus non-ADHD populations
Authors: Collett Brent R. , Gimpel Gretchen A. 
Published: June 2007

Objective: This study explores child and maternal attributions in ADHD and non-ADHD populations. Participants included children with ADHD ( N = 26) and without ADHD ( N = 24) and their mothers. Method: Children completed the Children’s Attributional Style Questionnaire-Revised (CASQ-R; Kaslow & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991) and mothers completed the Written Analogue Questionnaire (WAQ; Johnston & Freeman, 1997). Results: Consistent with hypotheses, differences were observed between the ADHD and non-ADHD groups on both child and maternal attributions measures. Post hoc analyses in the ADHD sample indicate that maternal, but not child, attributions differ as a function of medication status. Finally, correlations between child and maternal attributions were not found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the attributional styles of children with ADHD may place them at risk for poor self-esteem and/or depression in later life. The attributions provided by these children’s mothers appear to differ slightly as a function of medication status, a finding that may lend insight into factors that influence parental choice of intervention and/or changes over the course of treatment.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in adult patients with Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Is ADHD a vulnerability factor?
Authors: Adler L. A. , Kunz M. , Chua H. C. , Rotrosen J. , Resnick S. G. 
Published: June 2007

Objective: There is limited evidence suggesting a link between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study examined the association between PTSD and ADHD using retrospective and current clinical evaluations. Method: Twenty-five male veterans with PTSD and 22 male veterans with panic disorder were evaluated for ADHD. The data was analyzed using chi-square and student’s t-tests. Results: Thirty-six percent of participants with PTSD and 9% of participants with panic disorder met criteria for childhood ADHD. Twenty-eight percent of participants with PTSD and 5% of participants with panic disorder met criteria for current ADHD. Conclusions : There appears to be a significant association of PTSD with ADHD. ADHD or common predisposing factors may increase the vulnerability for developing PTSD.
Temperature Management During Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Effect of Rewarming Rate on Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Borger Michael A. , Rao Vivek 
Published: June 2007

Hypothermia is a very strong neuroprotective agent during cerebral ischemia. However, several randomized clinical trials have failed to demonstrate a protective effect of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass on postoperative cognitive deficits. The lack of neuroprotection may be due to rapid rewarming, which in turn may result in cerebral hyperthermia. The purpose of this study was to detennine if rapid rewarming at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with an increased risk of postoperative neuropsychologic impairment. Methods: A battery of neuropsychologic tests were administered preand postoperatively to patients undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery. Patients were allowed to drift to 34°C then rewarmed to 37.5°C at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the median time to rewarm (21 minutes): a rapid group (n = 70) and a slow group (n = 76). Results: The 2 groups of patients were similar for all pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables, with the exception of rewarming times (15 ± 4 minutes [mean ± SD]) in the rapid group versus 30 ± 9 minutes in the slow group, p < 0.001). The rapid group had a significantly higher prevalence of neuropsychologic impairment 1 week postoperatively than the slow group (82% versus 57%, p < 0.05), as well as worse mean scores on all neuropsychologic tests. There was a nonsignificant trend toward increased neuropsychologic impairment 3 months postoperatively in the rapid group, as well as worse mean scores on 8 of the 10 tests. Conclusions: Rapid rewarming at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass may increase the risk of postoperative cognitive impairment. Until further studies are performed, rapid rewarming should be avoided in order to minimize the risk of cerebral hyperthermia.
Developing new tourism services: Dinosaurs, a new drive tourism resource for remote regions?
Authors: Laws Eric , Scott Noel 
Published: June 2007

This paper examines issues encountered when developing new tourism services generally, and specific aspects relating to the development of remote area dinosaur fossil fields for tourism. It studies two sites, one in the USA and one in Australia. Access to both sites is by minor roads, and both sites are characterised by long drives separating the sites from small communities that offer limited infrastructure and few other attractions for visitors. In both areas, however, tourism is seen as one of the few possible ways to sustain existing communities in the face of declining primary-industry-based employment. In general, tourists visiting these areas are on touring holidays of two weeks’ duration or more where the attraction is the general attributes of the region as well as to a lesser extent their interest in dinosaur fossils. These provide a potential resource for remote-region economic development through commodification as a new tourism attraction. Development of dinosaur fossil finds as a tourism resource is conceptualised here as new service development. Developing new tourism services, especially in remote regions, is challenging and has not been well examined in the tourism literature. The new service development process used in this case study first examines the characteristics of the existing tourists travelling through the region. The characteristics of a number of potential market segments currently interested in dinosaur fossils were then examined and contrasted with the existing market. This is conceptualised on a specialist-generalist spectrum of interest in fossils. A study of the tourist service features associated with dinosaur fossil tourism in remote regions of the USA was conducted, leading to the identification of a number of possible incremental development opportunities. The paper then takes a strategic approach to examining potential new tourism service development related to dinosaur fossils in remote regions of Queensland, Australia. In particular, it describes use of information about existing services in similar regions as the basis for ideas about development as well as comparison between existing and potential markets.
Couple dynamics in household tourism decision making: Women as the gatekeepers?
Authors: Mottiar Ziene , Quinn Deirdre 
Published: June 2007

The purpose of this study is to explore household tourism decision making. There is an extensive literature on consumer choice in general.1-3 In terms of tourism, the main focus has been on motivational factors,4-6 but as part of the emergence of a literature which studies the issues of tourism and gender, there are some authors who focus on holiday decision making.7-9 In this context the focus here is on the distinctive roles and power relations within a couple. The study is exploratory in nature and employs a self-administered questionnaire. It is concluded that the overall consumption of a holiday is largely a joint decision, but when the purchase is broken down into different stages females have a dominant role in the early stages of the process, possibly making them the gatekeepers.
The marketing of water parks, slides and surf pools at resorts and hotels in Arizona: A case study
Authors: Trowbridge Emery H. 
Published: June 2007

Many resorts and hotels in Arizona have introduced family-oriented water parks as part of their guest experience. In a marketing effort to appeal to a broader guest base, these properties have had varying results from this type of investment. This study explores development of water features at eight major resorts and one independent hotel in Arizona. Some of these developments have slides, others have ‘lazy rivers’ for the tube floaters, lavish waterfalls, wave generators, grotto bars and a smorgasbord of hot ‘jet baths’. Through the use of mainly qualitative data, the various issues involving the research, operation and marketing of these facilities are revealed. An example of development costs is presented.
Involvement: Travel motivation and destination selection
Authors: Josiam Bharath M. , Smeaton George , Clements Christine J. 
Published: June 2007

Researchers and marketers are interested in understanding and predicting the complex behaviours of consumers. One important facet of consumer behaviour is the ‘involvement’ construct. Involvement is ‘a person’s perceived relevance of the object based on inherent needs, values, and interests’. 1 This study examined the interplay between the involvement construct and push/pull factors as motivators in destination selection. Clements and Josiam 2 found that college students who had travelled during the Spring Break vacation had significantly higher levels of involvement than non-travellers. This study surveyed 795 college students during their Spring Break vacation at the beach in Panama City Beach, Florida. Vacationers were found to be highly involved with the concept of travelling on Spring Break. As hypothesised, high levels of involvement were significantly associated with push factors relevant to travel to beachfront destinations on Spring Break. High levels of involvement were also significanlty associated with the pull factors of Panama City Beach, Florida, as a popular beachfront destination for Spring Breakers.
Destination branding, niche marketing and national image projection in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Hall Derek 
Published: June 2007

The dynamism of the structure and scale of international tourism in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe both reflects and is part of economic, political and social restructuring processes in the region. Tourism activity has significantly increased across the post-communist world in terms of tourist movements, yet Central and Eastern Europe has lagged far behind the rest of Europe and global averages in the level of per capita tourism income generated. Further, while in regional terms tourism activity has increased, in the sub-region of Southeastern Europe it has stagnated, because of regional instability and conflict, the nature of the tourism product, and infrastructural and service level shortcomings. Relatively few tourism marketing studies from Central and Eastern Europe have been undertaken and little work on branding has been published. As something of a pioneering study therefore, this paper examines the relationship between tourism destination branding, niche marketing and national image projection in the region, and concludes that coordination between government action and tourism industry promotion is vital if destinations are to project a clear national and tourism image which contextualises and emphasises the quality of the visitor experience.
Consumer’s evaluation of a new product bearing a familiar name: An exploratory study on brand equity extensions in the hospitality industry
Authors: Rompf Paul D. 
Published: June 2007

For more than a decade hospitality and travel enterprises have tested and introduced a vast array of new products designed for more narrowly desined consumer markets. A related activity has also gathered momentum particularly as a marketing strategy; the utilisation of an enterprise’s identity in the form of its established brand name to boost the introduction of a new product. How a consumer evaluates a new product bearing an established brand was the purpose of this pilot study conducted in the service sector. Utilised in the research was a model of consumers’ evaluation of a brand extension that postulated comparisons between existing product, new product and brand image attributes. The attributes were categorised and dichotomised into feature-based and concept-based dimensions. Consumers are posited to examine the similarity or congruence between salient and accessible attributes in judging the fit between the new product and brand. A good fit is believed to increase the likelihood of consumers’ favourable acceptance of the new product. Results of an exploratory field experiment provide support for the model and have implications for practitioners implementing the strategy.
Achieving dignified care for older people through practice development: A systematic approach
Authors: McCormack Brendan , Wright Jayne 
Published: June 2007

This paper presents the results of a one-year practice development project undertaken in a rehabilitation ward for older people with the intention of developing the quality of rehabilitation practice and of exploring the potential for nurses to work as case managers. The baseline data showed that the culture of the ward reflected a custodial approach to patient care, a lack of effective clinical leadership and poor understanding of the rehabilitation needs of older people. It was concluded that changes to practice were needed before a case management approach to care could be considered. A systematic practice development approach was adopted, incorporating pre- and post-development evaluation methods. A comparison ward was used to compare the impact on clinical practice of the change strategies used. The ensuing development strategy focused on facilitating nurses and other members of the multidisciplinary team to question their own attitudes, beliefs and values and to begin to challenge clinical practice. Ongoing work was aimed at implementing cultural and structural changes agreed by the multidisciplinary team, supported by research evidence, in order to establish new norms of clinical practice and leadership. As a result of the project, the ward team was in a much better position to develop a case management approach to patient care, and to implement the development needs identified within the post-evaluation data.
Managed care, case management and multidisciplinary pathways of care: A selective review for the RCN R&D priority-setting exercise
Authors: Hale Claire , Crofts Linda , Stokoe Lyn 
Published: June 2007

Over the past few years, healthcare managers and professionals have become increasingly interested in the processes of managed care, case management and multidisciplinary pathways of care. The introduction of clinical governance and the emphasis on evidence-based practice has intensified this interest.This selective review of the literature on managed care, case management and multidisciplinary pathways of care was carried out as part of the Royal College of Nursing Research and Development priority-setting exercise. The review highlights the conceptual confusion over all three terms and the lack of any robust evidence to support their purported advantages. Priorities for research and development in this area are highlighted.
Nurse-led care: The importance of management support
Authors: Read Susan M. 
Published: June 2007

The focus of this paper is the importance of proper management planning and support to underpin the provision of nurse-led care. The author's record of research in this field has left her with a lasting impression that nurse-led services often fail to reach their full potential, at least in part because of inadequate management. The main body of the paper consists of a brief account of a Department of Health-funded project, Exploring New Roles in Practice (ENRiP). In this three-stage study, members of the teams undertook a mapping exercise in a 20% sample of acute trusts throughout England to identify the emerging range and purpose of new roles for nurses and members of the professions allied to medicine (PAMs). The resulting database provided the sampling frame for 32 case studies to clarify the range of issues relating to the introduction of new roles. The database in its entirety also provided the population for a survey designed to establish the generalisability of the conclusions emerging from Stages One and Two. The research findings provided evidence on which to base a guidance document encapsulating the lessons learned during the project. The implications of its findings for management of nurse-led services are discussed and compared with advice given by the author in 1995 in the report Catching the Tide.