bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced chemotherapy delivery by intraarterial infusion and blood‐brain barrier disruption in the treatment of cerebral metastasis
Authors: Fortin David , Gendron Cathy , Boudrias Marie , Garant Marie‐Pierre 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Cerebral metastases are clinically significant in 10% to 30% of patients with neoplasia. Multiple cerebral metastases are typically treated with palliative radiotherapy. There is no consensus on the role of enhanced chemotherapy delivery as an adjuvant treatment modality in this disease. In this report, the authors detailed their experience with intraarterial (IA) chemotherapy infusion with and without blood‐brain barrier disruption (BBBD) in patients with multiple cerebral metastases.METHODS.From November 1999 to May 2005, 38 patients with multiple cerebral metastases were enrolled in a prospective study. Patients were treated with IA carboplatin, except for those with cerebral metastases of systemic lymphoma, who were administered IA methotrexate. Osmotic BBBD was offered to patients without the presence of a significant mass effect. These regimens were coupled with intravenous etoposide and cyclophosphamide. Cycles were repeated every 4 weeks.RESULTS.Survival was calculated from study entry and radiologic response was based on MacDonald criteria. Kaplan‐Meier estimates were generated for all subgroups. Mean and median survival obtained was as follows: 34 and 29.6 months for the whole group; 33.6 and 42.3 months for ovarian carcinoma; 15.3 and 13.5 months for lung adenocarcinomas; 8.3 and 8.8 months for small cell lung carcinoma; 8.9 and 8.1 months for breast carcinoma; and 24.8 and 16.3 months, respectively, for cerebral metastasis from systemic lymphoma.CONCLUSIONS.Even with a small number of patients in each subgroup, the results obtained seem promising for multiple brain metastasis of ovarian carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of lung, small cell lung carcinoma, and systemic lymphoma. Cancer 2007;109:751–60. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Clinical and endoscopic factors predict higher pathologic grades of Barrett dysplasia
Authors: Anandasabapathy Sharmila , Jhamb Jagriti , Davila Marta , Wei Caimiao , Morris Jeffrey , Bresalier Robert 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Barrett esophagus is highly prevalent in the Western world; however, only a minority of affected individuals progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Whereas many studies have examined risk factors for development of Barrett metaplasia, few data are available on risk factors for progression to neoplasia. Identifying simple, reliable, clinical, and endoscopic predictors of high‐grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma would be helpful for risk stratification in screening and surveillance programs.METHODS.Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic data were reviewed for patients with a new Barrett diagnosis between 2002 and 2005. Patients were classified, by an expert gastrointestinal pathologist, as having intestinal metaplasia, indefinite‐for‐dysplasia, low‐grade dysplasia, high‐grade dysplasia, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Gender, age, race, ethnicity, hiatal hernia presence and size, Barrett segment length, H. pylori status, alcohol, smoking, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and duration, and reflux symptom duration were evaluated by logistic regression analysis for their association with dysplasia severity.RESULTS.In all, 109 patients (26 women, 83 men, mean age: 58.8) were newly diagnosed with Barrett metaplasia (n = 39), indefinite/low‐grade dysplasia (n = 35), and high‐grade dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 35) over a 3‐year period. On logistic regression analysis, duration of reflux symptoms for ≥20 years (odds ratio [OR]: 5.66, P = .012), longer Barrett segment length (OR for 3–6 cm vs. <3 cm: 9.05, P < .0001; OR for ≥6 cm: 8.374, P < .0001), hernia size ≥4 cm (OR: 10.63, P = .014), and male gender (OR: 4.03, P = .0019) were associated with higher pathologic grade. Duration of reflux symptoms and Barrett length were significant as both discrete and continuous variables. Absence of H. pylori (OR: 2.731, P = .060) approached significance in predicting dysplasia severity. In bivariate models, gender and Barrett length (continuous form) were significantly associated with grade when considered together (OR: 2.52, P = .0490 and OR: 1.30, P < .0001), as were gender and hernia size >4 cm (OR: 4.64, P = .0049 and OR: 12.18, P = .0197).CONCLUSIONS.Male gender, longstanding gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia size, and segment length are strongly associated with higher grades of dysplasia at index diagnosis. These factors along with H. pylori status warrant further prospective evaluation as predictors of risk for development of high‐grade dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Use of adjuvant radiotherapy at hospitals with and without on‐site radiation services
Authors: Wong Sandra L. , Wei Yongliang , Birkmeyer John D. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.In many areas of health care, whether patients receive specific medical interventions often is influenced heavily by the local availability of resources for delivering those services. However, relations between resource availability and utilization are relatively unexplored in cancer care, including perioperative adjuvant therapy.METHODS.The authors studied associations between the on‐site availability of radiation services and the use of adjuvant radiotherapy using the national, linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare database (from 1992 to 2002). They examined 1 cancer for which the effectiveness of adjuvant radiotherapy was well established in randomized clinical trials (rectal cancer) and another cancer for which it was not (pancreatic cancer) (N = 10,198). The availability of on‐site radiation services at the hospital where surgery was performed was assessed by using data from the American Hospital Association. In comparing rates of adjuvant radiotherapy, analyses were adjusted for both patient characteristics and other hospital attributes.RESULTS.For rectal cancer, the use of adjuvant radiotherapy was similar in patients who underwent surgery at centers with and without on‐site radiation services (29% vs 29%, respectively). Among patients with pancreatic cancer, however, those who underwent surgery at hospitals with on‐site radiation services were twice as likely to receive radiotherapy than patients who underwent surgery at hospitals without such services (43% vs 26%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–3.2). Adjusting for other factors, the groups had similar survival rates for each cancer.CONCLUSIONS.The availability of on‐site radiation services significantly increased the likelihood that patients would receive radiotherapy, at least for cancers for which the effectiveness of such therapy was not well established. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Fully automated segmentation and morphometrical analysis of muscle fiber images
Authors: Kim Yoo‐Jin , Brox Thomas , Feiden Wolfgang , Weickert Joachim 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground:Measurement of muscle fiber size and determination of size distribution is important in the assessment of neuromuscular disease. Fiber size estimation by simple inspection is inaccurate and subjective. Manual segmentation and measurement are time‐consuming and tedious. We therefore propose an automated image analysis method for objective, reproducible, and time‐saving measurement of muscle fibers in routinely hematoxylin‐eosin stained cryostat sections.Methods:The proposed segmentation technique makes use of recent advances in level set based segmentation, where classical edge based active contours are extended by region based cues, such as color and texture. Segmentation and measurement are performed fully automatically. Multiple morphometric parameters, i.e., cross sectional area, lesser diameter, and perimeter are assessed in a single pass. The performance of the computed method was compared to results obtained by manual measurement by experts.Results:The correct classification rate of the computed method was high (98%). Segmentation and measurement results obtained manually or automatically did not reveal any significant differences.Conclusions:The presented region based active contour approach has been proven to accurately segment and measure muscle fibers. Complete automation minimizes user interaction, thus, batch processing, as well as objective and reproducible muscle fiber morphometry are provided. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Differential effect of pioglitazone (PGZ) and rosiglitazone (RGZ) on postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective, randomized crossover study
Authors: Chappuis Bernard , Braun Monika , Stettler Christoph , Allemann Sabine , Diem Peter , Lumb Peter J. , Wierzbicki Anthony S. , James Richard , Christ Emanuel R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundPostprandial metabolism is impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2Dm). Two thiazolidinediones pioglitazone (PGZ) and rosiglitazone (RGZ) have similar effects on glycaemic control but differ in their effects on fasting lipids. This study investigated the effects of RGZ and PGZ on postprandial metabolism in a prospective, randomized crossover trial.MethodsSeventeen patients with T2Dm were randomized to RGZ or PGZ for 12 weeks, with an 8‐week wash‐out period. Fasting blood samples were taken for glucose (FPG), insulin, HbA1c, lipids, apolipoproteins (apo), lipoprotein (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL), and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) activity. A standardized breakfast was served and postprandial glucose, insulin, and lipid subfraction profiles were determined.ResultsRGZ and PGZ treatment resulted in a similar improvement in FPG, HbA1c and homeostasis model assessment. Fasting and postprandial triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly lower following PGZ therapy (fasting: −0.35 vs 0.44 mmol/L; p < 0.04; postprandial AUC‐TG: −195.6 vs 127.9 mmol/L/min; p < 0.02) associated with changes in VLDL‐2‐TG (−0.10 vs 0.21 mmol/L; p = 0.23) and VLDL‐3‐TG (0.0 vs 0.34 mmol/L; p < 0.04). Fasting cholesterol increased with RGZ compared to PGZ (0.06 vs 0.59 mmol/L; p < 0.04), particularly in VLDL‐2‐C (−0.30 vs 0.59 mmol/L; p < 0.03) and VLDL‐3‐C (−0.85 vs 2.11 mmol/L; p < 0.02). Postprandial VLDL lipid and protein content increased after RGZ and decreased after PGZ. Fasting apoB, apoA‐I, apoC‐II/C‐III‐ratio, and LPL activity did not differ. CETP activity decreased after RGZ and increased after PGZ (−6.2 vs 4.2 p/mol/mL/min; p < 0.002).ConclusionsBoth the glitazones had similar effects on glucose metabolism. The additional beneficial effect of PGZ on lipid metabolism may be related to its effects on insulin‐independent VLDL production and CETP activity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The oxidizing enzyme CYP26a1 tightly regulates the availability of retinoic acid in the gastrulating mouse embryo to ensure proper head development and vasculogenesis
Authors: Ribes Vanessa , Fraulob Valérie , Petkovich Martin , Dollé Pascal 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) has been implicated as one of the signals providing a posterior character to the developing vertebrate central nervous system. Embryonic RA first appears in the posterior region of the gastrulating embryo up to the node level, where it may signal within the adjacent epiblast and/or newly induced neural plate to induce a hindbrain and spinal cord fate. Conversely, rostral head development requires forebrain‐inducing signals produced by the anterior visceral endoderm and/or prechordal mesoderm, and there is evidence that RA receptors must be in an unliganded state to ensure proper head development. As RA is a diffusible lipophilic molecule, some mechanism(s) must therefore have evolved to prevent activation of RA targets in anterior regions of the embryo. This might result from RA catabolism mediated by the CYP26A1 oxidizing enzyme, which is transiently expressed in anteriormost embryonic tissues; however, previous analysis of Cyp26a1−/− mouse mutants did not clearly support this hypothesis. Here we show that Cyp26a1−/− null mutants undergo head truncations when exposed to maternally‐derived RA, at doses that do not affect wild‐type head development. These anomalies are linked to a widespread ectopic RA signaling activity in rostral head tissues of CYP26A1‐deficient embryos. Thus, CYP26A1 is required in the anterior region of the gastrulating mouse embryo to prevent teratological effects that may result from RA signaling. We also report a novel role of CYP26A1 during early development of the intra‐ and extra‐embryonic vascular networks. Developmental Dynamics 236:644–653, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A study on robust beam‐forming algorithm for search operation in distributed array radar
Authors: Matsuda Shoji , Hashiguchi Hiroyuki , Fukao Shoichiro 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA distributed array radar is a radar configuration to form a high‐gain receive beam suited to an equivalent large‐aperture antenna by arbitrarily distributing and positioning multiple small antennas and coherently synthesizing their received signals. When the placement intervals of the small antennas are sufficiently longer than the wavelength, the conventional beamformer generates many grating lobes and, therefore, ambiguity in the estimated direction of the target. This paper shows that robust Capon beamformer using the norm constraints is effective as a beamforming method that suppresses these grating lobes when using distributed array radar in search radar and prevents a decrease of the search efficiency caused by the reduction in beam width. In addition, an improvement based on diagonal loading is proposed for this algorithm in order to improve the search efficiency. Finally, we consider the parameter optimization and demonstrate the performance using numerical simulation examples. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(5): 33–47, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20325
A method of direction finding for dispersive electromagnetic pulses
Authors: Tsutsui Minoru , Konagaya Shigeo , Kagawa Tadayoshi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA new measurement method which can determine the direction of arrival of a pulse electromagnetic wave with frequency dispersion characteristics has been developed. The direction of arrival is determined by conventional data analysis for an electric field component and two magnetic field components. The sensor system is composed of a vertical dipole antenna and two search coils oriented in perpendicular directions in the horizontal plane. The major part of the analysis of the detected signal is composed of the derivation of the spectrum with frequency dispersion from the pulse waveform and the calculation of the direction of arrival from the amplitude and the phase obtained for each frequency in the dispersion characteristics. By the proposed method, the direction of arrival can be determined even when a frequency‐dependent delay is produced in propagation (frequency dispersion). The method is applied to lightning discharge pulses, and it is shown that the direction of arrival can be determined with high accuracy. Thus, the method can be used for continuous observation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(5): 23–32, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20327
A proposal for an efficient message‐flooding scheme using a link‐cut technique
Authors: Ohtsuka Kenji , Ishihara Taku , Shioda Shigeo 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe propose an efficient message‐flooding scheme that aims to reduce the number of messages transmitted over the network. The proposed method involves the prior conversion of two‐way links into single‐way links (in this paper we refer to this as thelink‐cut technique); by avoiding message link collisions we aim to reduce the number of messages transmitted and by incorporating a time‐out transaction, we are able to realize a 50 percent reduction in the number of messages as compared to standard flooding methods while maintaining a delivery success rate of 100 percent. In addition, we show in simulations that by making use of information regarding the number of outgoing links for each node (the number of adjacent nodes), we are able to reduce the number of messages sent while constraining the growth in the message transmission times. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(5): 11–22, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20351
A comparison of steady‐state characteristics of buck‐type DC‐DC converter using DSP
Authors: Kurokawa Fujio , Okamoto Wataru , Matsuo Hirofumi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the relationship between the control constants and the output voltage regulation characteristics of a buck DC/DC converter for a digital control system using P‐I‐D control, the minimum phase FIR filter, and the moving average constructed from digital signal processors. Furthermore, the digital control method and its control constants were studied comparatively from the perspective of suppressing the oscillations based on the limit cycle. We found that when an 8‐bit analog‐to‐digital (A‐D) converter having a quantization width of about 80 mV was used, we could obtain excellent results similar to the minimum phase FIR filter and the moving average, achieve an excellent output voltage regulation of less than 1.3% for fluctuations from a light load to the rated 2 A for the target 10 V, and suppress oscillations to less than 20 mV. In the P‐I‐D control method, adequate output voltage regulation characteristics were obtained, but oscillations could not be suppressed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(5): 1–10, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20357
A New Chloro‐Bridged CuII Schiff Base Complex with Ferromagnetic Exchange Interaction
Authors: Ma Shu‐Lan , Sun Xu‐Xia , Gao Song , Qi Chuan‐Min , Huang Hai‐Bo , Zhu Wen‐Xiang 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of the μ‐Cl‐bridged dinuclear complex [CuLCl]2 with the new Schiff‐base ligand HL, 2‐methyl‐6‐[(pyridine‐2‐ylmethylene)amino]phenol, is reported. The structural study shows the complex has the unusual distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal geometry. Variable temperature susceptibility measurements in the range of 2.0–300 K reveal a novel ferromagnetic coupling, 2J = 1.52 cm–1. A comparison for the magnetic coupling of [CuLCl]2 with other reported Cu(μ‐Cl)2Cu compounds with square‐pyramidal or trigonal‐bipyramidal geometry is discussed in detail. The complex may provide useful information for the magneto‐structural correlations of these compounds. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis of Tin(II) Phosphate Open Frameworks Using Isomers of 1,2‐Diaminocyclohexane as Template
Authors: Yuan Xuejun , Li Yi‐Zhi , Xu Yan , You Xiaozeng , Linhardt Robert J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA novel layered framework of tin(II) phosphate, [Sn4(PO4)3(OH)]2–·[trans‐1,2‐C6H10(NH3)2]2+, has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions with tin(II) oxalate, phosphoric acid and a mixture of trans‐ and cis‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane (1,2‐DACH). The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n (No. 14). The channels of the trans‐1,2‐DACH are occluded by hydrogen bonding in the doubly protonated form, which is leached out from the framework. Reaction using only tran‐DACH gives the same compound. For comparison, when cis‐DACH is used as template under the same conditions instead of the mixture of trans and cis isomers, the neutral inorganic phosphate framework (Sn3O)2(Sn2O)2(PO4)4 is formed. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar {1}$ (No. 2). These results suggest that trans‐1,2‐DACH is selectively occluded in the framework [Sn4(PO4)3(OH)]2–·[trans‐1,2‐C6H10(NH3)2]2+. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A Square‐Planar Nickel(II) Monoradical Complex with a Bis(salicylidene)diamine Ligand
Authors: Benisvy Laurent , Kannappan Ramu , Song Yu‐Fei , Milikisyants Sergey , Huber Martina , Mutikainen Ilpo , Turpeinen Urho , Gamez Patrick , Bernasconi Leonardo , Baerends Evert Jan , Hartl František , Reedijk Jan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe new square‐planar NiII–N2O2 complex [Ni(MeL)] (1Me), where MeL stands for the dianionic phenolato form of N,N′‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐salicylidene)‐4,5‐dimethyl‐1,2‐phenylenediamine (MeLH2), has been synthesised and fully characterised. X‐ray crystallography was also used for the characterisation. The electrochemical one‐electron oxidation of 1Me produces the thermally stable (within the temperature range 10–295 K) cationic species (1Me)+. The UV/Vis and X‐band EPR experimental data, supported by DFT calculations, indicate that (1Me)+ is best described as a NiII monoradical complex and, thus, does NOT exist in a NiIII ground state, in contrast to its demethylated counterpart [Ni(HL)]+ (1H)+ below 170 K.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Investigating Organization of Molecules that Facilitates Intermolecular Acyl Transfer in Crystals: Reactivity and X‐ray Structures of O‐Benzoyl‐myo‐inositol 1,3,5‐Orthoesters
Authors: Murali Chebrolu , Shashidhar Mysore S. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Bhadbhade Mohan M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCrystal structure analysis of racemic 2,6‐di‐O‐benzoyl‐myo‐inositol 1,3,5‐orthobenzoate reveals helical organization of the molecules, remarkably similar to that observed earlier in crystals of racemic 2,6‐di‐O‐benzoyl‐myo‐inositol 1,3,5‐orthoformate. Both these dibenzoates are isostructural despite the bulkier phenyl substituent in place of hydrogen. Thelatter compound shows highly facile intermolecular benzoyl transfer reactivity in its crystals and as anticipated from the crystal structure, the orthobenzoate indeed exhibits facile benzoyl transfer reactivity in its crystals. 2‐O‐Benzoyl‐myo‐inositol 1,3,5‐orthoformate and the corresponding orthobenzoate also undergo transesterification in their crystals, but the specificity of acyl transfer is very low, and the reaction yields a mixture of products. The parameters of helical molecular assembly that facilitates acyl transfer in crystals have been investigated. A comparison of the molecular assemblies and lattice interactions in crystals of all the four compounds with the observed reactivity patterns show that facile acyl transfer reaction is brought about by a modular “reaction tunnel” formed by helical pre‐organization of molecules, favorable electrophile···nucleophile contacts and weak interactions that hold the acyl group in the “right” orientation for the attack by the nucleophile. Acyl transfer reaction in all the four derivatives was also carried out in solution for comparison.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
meso‐5‐Bromo‐10,15,20‐tri(p‐tolyl)‐21‐thiaporphyrin as a Precursor for the Synthesis of Novel Compounds
Authors: Punidha S. , Agarwal Neeraj , Gupta Iti , Ravikanth M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of eight novel compounds with meso‐5‐bromo‐10,15,20‐tri(p‐tolyl)‐21‐thiaporphyrin as a key synthon under mild Pd‐coupling conditions is reported. The title compound was prepared easily by treating the readily available 10,15,20‐tri(p‐tolyl)‐21‐thiaporphyrin with N‐bromosuccinimide at room temperature for 10 min. The use of the title compound was demonstrated by synthesizing 21‐thiaporphyrin‐based complex systems such as ethyne‐bridged N3S‐N3S dyad, phenylethyne‐bridged N3S‐N3O dyad, N3S‐N2S2 dyad, meso‐meso‐linked ZnN4‐N3S dyad and ZnN4‐N3S‐ZnN4 triad under mild Pd‐mediated coupling conditions. The steady‐state fluorescence studies indicated a possibility of an efficient energy transfer between the two porphyrin subunits in the dyads and triad. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)