bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of jejuno‐ileal bypass on serum lipoproteins and glucose tolerance in severely obese patients
Authors: KRAL JOHN G. , SJÖSTRÖM L. , GUSTAFSON A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Plasma insulin and blood glucose during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and serial determinations of serum lipoprotein fractions before and after jejuno‐ileostomy in twenty severely obese (mean weight 137 kg) patients with a mean age of 29 years revealed statistically significant postoperative decreases in all parameters concomitant with a mean weight loss of 42 kg. Before the operation the patients were hyperinsulinaemic and had elevated blood glucose levels during OGTT though no patient had overt diabetes. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were normal but HDL cholesterol was significantly lower than in controls. During follow‐up at least until body weight had levelled off a mean 19 months postoperative, there were statistically significant reductions in blood glucose and plasma insulin as well as serum total cholesterol and lipoprotein fractions. There was no change in serum triglycerides. The low preoperative HDL levels decreased. In a subgroup of these patients we have earlier shown postoperative increases in arterial tissue cholesterol coincident with the present significant decreases in HDL as well as in LDL cholesterol.Correlations between total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol values in serum and blood glucose and plasma insulin at fast and during OGTT and changes in these parameters demonstrate interrelationships between lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The bypass procedure most likely reduces the intestinal synthesis of HDL which in turn may increase hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Evidently there is a multifactorial aetiology for the low HDL levels in the severely obese both before and after jejuno‐ileostomy.
Plasma aspirin esterases in normal individuals, patients with alcoholic liver disease and rheumatoid arthritis: characterization and the importance of the enzymic components
Authors: RAINSFORD K. D. , FORD N. L. V. , BROOKS P. M. , WATSON H. M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Two enzymes in human plasma capable of hydrolysing aspirin (‘aspirin esterases’) were isolated (by ion exchange and gel chromatography) and characterized, since their activity has been reported to be important in certain disease/therapeutic situations. The optimum pH and calcium concentration for plasma aspirin esterases were 80 and 5 mmol/1 respectively.The main enzymic activity (enzyme ‘C’) was associated with plasma cholinesterases. This component had a Km of 6‐5 mmol/1 for aspirin and a Kmax of 0–27 /imol salicylate/mg protein/min at pH 80 (Ca2+ present). It was not acetylated by aspirin but was inhibited by anti‐cholinesterase agents (eserine, echothiophate) and the neuromuscular blocking agent, decameth‐onium. The other enzymic component in plasma was albumin esterase.The sex difference in aspirin esterase activity in normal individuals previously reported by Menguy and co‐workers [1] was re‐investigated since it appeared that they had employed non‐optimal assay conditions. No significant differences were observed between the sexes in either normal individuals or patients with rheumatoid arthritis when the enzyme was assayed at either pH 7‐4 or the optimal pH of 80 (with Ca2+ added). The plasma albumin esterase activity was, however, markedly depressed in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis when assayed at pH 7‐4 and 80. Plasma aspirin esterases were elevated in nine rheumatoid arthritic patients receiving gold salt or D(‐)penicil‐lamine. Aspirin esterase 'C activity was negatively correlated with pain score in the plasma of female but not male rheumatoid arthritics. Also the percentage activation by calcium of aspirin esterase was correlated with the concentration of plasma calcium indicating that small changes in plasma calcium concentration may markedly affect enzymic activity.These results suggest that certain drugs (anti‐cholinesterase agents), disease states (e.g. alcoholic liver cirrhosis) or genetic deficiences (e.g. inactive pseudo‐cholinesterase) may be potentially important in the pharmacological and iatrogenic activities of aspirin.
Very low density lipoprotein overproduction in genetic forms of hypertriglyceridaemia
Authors: CHAIT ALAN , ALBERS JOHN J. , BRUNZELL JOHN D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Very low density lipoprotein kinetic parameters were compared in familial hypertriglyceridaemia and familial combined hyperlipidaemia, two distinct genetic forms of hypertriglyceridaemia. Very low density lipoprotein apoprotein B turnover rate was greater in hypertriglyceridaemic subjects with familial combined hyperlipidaemia (0.99 ± 0.27 mg/kg)/h; n = 5; P < 0.005) and also in familial hypertriglyceridaemia (0.74 ± 0.10; n = 6; P < 0.005) than in age and weight matched non‐hyperlipidaemic controls (0.54 ± 0.21; n = 6), suggesting that the hypertriglyceridaemia seen in both genetic disorders was due to very low density lipoprotein overproduction. Very low density lipoprotein apoprotein B turnover rate was greater in familial combined hyperlipidaemia than in familial hypertriglyceridaemia while plasma triglyceride turnover was higher in familial hypertriglyceridaemia. This disparity in the turnover rates of apoprotein B and triglyceride between these disorders was accompanied by a higher very low density lipoprotein triglyceride/apoprotein B ratio in familial hypertriglyceridaemia than in familial combined hyperlipidaemia (P < 0.001) and in normals (P < 0.005).The findings suggest that the hypertriglyceridaemia of familial combined hyperlipidaemia is due to overproduction of very low density lipoprotein of normal composition, while that of familial hypertriglyceridaemia is due to oversecretion of triglyceride‐enriched very low density lipoprotein.
Kinetic bases of the primar hperlipidaemias: studies of apolipoprotein B turnover in geneticall defined subjects
Authors: JANUS E. D. , NICOLL A. M. , TURNER P. R. , MAGILL P. , LEWIS B. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Autologous 131I‐labelled ver low densit lipoprotein (VLDL) and 125I‐labelled low densit lipoprotein (LDL) were injected into seven normal subjects and into fort‐three hperlipidaemic patients, classified into groups on the basis of famil studies and clinical findings, to quantitate VLDL and LDL apolipoprotein B kinetics. In normal subjects, mean VLDL‐B peptide snthetic rate was 151 mg kg‐1 da‐1, mean LDL‐B peptide snthetic rate 7‐7 mg kg‐1 da‐1 and mean LDL‐B fractional catabolic rate (FCR) 0–31 da‐1.In heterozgous familial hpercholesterolaemia (n= 14) VLDL‐B peptide production was normal in patients with normal triglceride levels; in those with high triglceride levels there was either VLDL overproduction or a catabolic defect. LDL‐B peptide snthetic rates ranged from high normal to increased (8‐5‐180 mg kg‐1 da‐1) and LDL‐B peptide FCR values were markedl reduced (0–14‐0‐28 da‐1) confirming the presence of a defect in LDL catabolism but indicating over‐production as well.In familial combined hperlipidaemia (n= 11) VLDL‐B peptide production ranged from normal to elevated (13‐9‐44‐4 mg kg‐1 da‐1, mean 23‐8 mg kg‐1 da‐1) correlating with the VLDL triglceride level (i.e. with the phenotpic expression of the disorder). LDL‐B peptide production ranged from high normal to markedl increased (8–9‐19‐5 mg kg‐1 da‐1, mean 12‐2 mg kg‐1 da‐1) and correlated with LDL cholesterol levels (i.e. the phenotpe), (r=+ 0–66, P < 005).Three patients with unclassified hpercholesterolaemia had increased LDL‐B peptide snthetic rates. One patient with remnant hperlipoproteinaemia (tpe III) had a high normal VLDL‐B peptide snthetic rate, 17‐3 mg kg‐1 da‐1, and a strikingl low FCR of VLDL‐B.In familial hpertriglceridaemia (three patients)
Serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations and tissue lipoprotein‐lipase activity in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism: the effect of substitution therapy
Authors: LITHELL HANS , BOBERG JONES , HELLSING KRISTOFFER , LJUNGHALL SVERKER , LUNDQVIST GUDMAR , VESSBY BENGT , WIDE LEIF 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Twenty‐one patients with increased, thyroid‐stimulating‐hormone (TSH) concentrations in the serum while fasting were studied before and after substitution with l‐thyroxine. Nine patients had TSH values < 40 mU/1 and an average serum‐thyroxine value of 64 nmol/1. Twelve patients with TSH‐values > 40 mU/1 had an average serum‐thyroxine value of 23 nmol/1. On treatment TSH and thyroxine normalized (reference limits < 8 mU/1 and 65–160 nmol/1 respectively) as did also the response to a load with thyroid‐releasing hormone (TRH).In the group with severe thyroid dysfunction (TSH > 40 mU/1) the lipoprotein‐lipase activities in both adipose and skeletal‐muscle tissue were subnormal before therapy and increased during substitution treatment. This was also reflected in a significant increase of the post‐heparin, lipoprotein‐lipase activity in the plasma and of the fractional removal rate of an i.v. injected fat emulsion. Ten out of twelve patients showed a decrease of the triglyceride concentration in whole serum, which reflected changes of the triglyceride concentrations in low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) and high‐density lipoproteins (HDL) more than changes in very‐low‐density lipoproteins, in which the triglyceride concentration was unchanged during treatment. In LDL, both the cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were elevated before therapy and decreased by 22% and 32% of the pretreatment values, respectively, during treatment. Furthermore, the serum‐apolipoprotein‐B concentration decreased by 16%. The serum‐apolipoprotein‐A‐I concentration was subnormal before treatment and the lipid composition of the HDL particle was changed towards an enrichment of triglycerides. During treatment, the HDL‐triglyceride concentration decreased, whereas that of HDL cholesterol was unchanged. The fasting serum‐insulin concentration increased significantly during the treatment period.In the group with mild hypothyroidism (TSH < 40 mU/1), there were no significant changes similar to those found in severe hypothyroidism.
Plasma lipids in kidney transplanted children and adolescents: influence of pubertal development, dietary intake and steroid therapy
Authors: BROYER MICHEL , TÉTE MARIE‐JOSEPHE , LAUDAT MARIE‐HÉLÉNE , BERTHELIER SONIA GOLDSTEIN with the technical assistance of MARTINE , DARTOIS ANNE‐MARIE , BERTHELIER MARTINE 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Plasma triglycerides and/or cholesterol were significantly increased in twenty‐four of thirty kidney transplanted children and adolescents with stable renal function, at least one year after the last rejection crisis who received low dose prednisone therapy. The cholesterol increment was related to both low density and high density lipoproteins. However, similar to findings in adult allograft recipients, these increases were very variable: six subjects had normal levels, eight had increased triglycerides, five increased triglycerides and cholesterol, and eleven increased cholesterol. No influence of renal function was found in this series of patients all of whom had plasma creatinine below 160 μmol/1. Subjects who had achieved sexual development had lower cholesterol values. An insignificant difference was observed between patients receiving daily and alternate‐day steroid therapy, but a significant negative correlation was found between plasma triglycerides and fractional urinary excretion of 17 OH corticosteroids in the first 6 h after an oral dose of prednisone. Finally, no correlation was found between energy intake and triglycerides; but a significant correlation was observed between protein intake and plasma cholesterol.In conclusion, some patients show a high level of triglycerides and/or cholesterol after renal transplantation, possibly due to a different individual response to steroid therapy.
Quantitative liver functions after 70% hepatectomy
Authors: YILDIRIM S. I. , POULSEN H. E. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Following 70% hepatectomy on rats the galactose elimination capacity, taken as a measure of the cytosolic liver function, was reduced from 2.55 ± 0.48 to 1.27 ± 019 (mean ± < SEM) μmol/min. Six hours later it was restored to control values. The prothrombin index, representing the function of the endoplasmic reticulum, was reduced from 1.13±0.02 to 0.34 ± 0.02 (arbitrary units) after 12 h, and it was restored after 96 h. The rapid normalization of the initial fall in the capacity to metabolize galactose reflects a two‐ to three‐fold increase of the galactose metabolizing capacity of the remaining liver.This study demonstrates that liver functions are dissociated in time following 70% hepatectomy in the rat, and that the galactose elimination capacity is restored before regeneration can compensate for the loss in liver cell mass.
Persisting modification of dogs' basal exocrine pancreatic secretion after repeated intravenous calcium injections
Authors: NOEL‐JORAND M.C. , COLOMB E. , ASTIER J.P. , SARLES H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Biochemical, histological and crystallographic studies were carried out on the pure exocrine pancreatic juice of calcium treated dogs and of normal dogs.

The ionic equilibrium was changed leading to modifications of protein and calcium solubilities with formation of protein and calcium precipitates.
Plugs were further studied: three components were identified, (a) cells mostly of ductal origin, (b) calcium salt already crystallized in the plug on coming out of the duct, (c) protein material in the central part of the plug.
The importance of these data is in relation with pancreatic disorders by hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism.
Platelet function in diabetes mellitus in relationship to complications, glycosylated haemoglobin and serum lipoproteins
Authors: BETTERIDGE D.J. , ZAHAVI J. , JONES N.A.G. , SHINE B. , KAKKAR V.V. , GALTON D. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Mean levels of 8‐thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 were highly significantly elevated in diabetes compared to controls (72.6 v. 36.3 ng/ml, P < 0.0005; 48.5 v. 16.5 ng/ml, P < 0.0005; respectively) as was malondialdehyde formation (12.4 v. 8.1 nmol/109 platelets, P< 0–0005). Diabetics with retinopathy had significantly higher levels of ß‐thromboglobulin than those without retinopathy (79 v. 70 ng/ml; P < 0.042). However, those diabetics without clinical evidence of vascular disease had levels of ß‐thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 significantly higher than controls.β‐Thromboglobulin did not correlate with glycosylated haemoglobin but did correlate significantly with individual lipid and lipoprotein levels (ß‐thromboglobulin v. total triglyceride, P < 0–029; u. VLDL triglyceride, P<0441; v. LDL cholesterol, P<O.042; v. HDL/total cholesterol ratio, P< 0.02).Abnormal platelet function may contribute to the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus.
Intestinal obstruction in germ‐free dogs
Authors: HENEGHAN J. B. , ROBINSON J. W. L. , MENGE H. , WINISTÖRFER H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Mechanical occlusions were created in the intestines of four germ‐free dogs. At the time of the operation, a control loop of mid‐intestine was perfused in vivo and then excised for examinations in vitro, which included the determination of the equilibrium uptake of phenylalanine and of ß‐methyl‐glucoside, the influx kinetics of phenylalanine and morphometric analysis of the mucosa by microdissection and stereological techniques. Seven days after establishment of the occlusion the abdomen was reopened, and loops above and below the occlusion were perfused, and then excised for the same tests in vitro.Unlike occluded loops of conventional dogs, the intestine of the germ‐free animal above the occlusion does not secrete water and electrolytes into the lumen. Its transport properties in vitro do not differ from those of the control loop, and the morphometric analyses reveal only slight changes in villus structure. The loop below the obstruction undergoes marked atrophy, as has been observed in conventional dogs.The results suggest that the copious secretion that occurs above an intestinal obstruction in normal animals is due to the presence of an abundant bacterial population in the obstruction fluid.
Lack of sensitivity and specificity of the renal clearance of amylase/clearance of inulin ratio in experimental acute rat pancreatitis with a study on the renal handling of amylase
Authors: GREUTER G. , WIDGREN S. , FAVRE H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. As there are controversies about the specificity and the sensitivity of the amylase clearance/inulin clearance ratio (Cam/Cin) in the diagnosis of pancreatitis, this ratio has been calculated: (a) in rats with induced pancreatitis with histologically proven lesions; (b) in toxic induced tubulopathy rats with lesions demonstrated histologically and biologically (enzymuria). Hyperamylasaemia was found in 86% of the pancreatitis rats at 24 h, 50% at 48 h and 25% at 60 h. The ratio Cam/Cin was elevated above 2 SD of the control values among 14% of the rats at 24 h, 50% at 48 h and 25% at 60 h. There were no changes in enzyme elimination rates in the urine as compared to control values. Renal histology remained normal. Histological scores expressing a severe haemorrhagic pancreatitis were identical at 24, 48 and 60 h. In toxic induced tubulopathy rats, amylasaemia remained normal, but the Cam/Cin ratio only increased when the glomerular filtration rate was diminished by 90%.The diagnosis could only be made by hyperamylasaemia in 50% of the histologically proven pancreatitis in the rat. The use of the ratio Cam/Cin does not increase the frequency of a correct diagnosis. Finally, amylase must be only filtered by the kidney as no tubular enzymes appeared in the urine of pancreatitis rats. Furthermore, this ratio is not specific for pancreatitis as it could be elevated in other pathologic states such as severe renal failure.
Lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and post‐heparin plasma in primary endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia: relation to lipoprotein pattern and to obesity
Authors: TASKINEN MARJA‐RIITTA , NIKKILÄ ESKO A. , KUUSI TIMO 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was determined from heparin eluates of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and from post‐heparin plasma of sixty‐five males with hypertriglyceridaemia and of seventy males with normal serum lipid levels. The patients were subgrouped by their lipoprotein concentrations into types 2b, 4 and 5. The mean LPL activity of adipose tissue (per tissue weight) of nonobese type 2b, 4 and 5 patients was reduced to 54%, 41 % and 13%, respectively, of the corresponding value of normolipidaemic men. On the other hand, among obese hyperglyceridaemic men only those with type 5 showed a decreased LPL activity in adipose tissue (44%). The mean skeletal muscle LPL was subnormal in nonobese type 4 (55%) and in type 5 patients (34%) but was normal in type 2b and in obese type 4 patients. The post‐heparin plasma LPL activity was significantly reduced in all nonobese hyperglyceridaemic groups but was normal in obese patients apart from cases with type 5 who had low values. One exceptional subject with type 5 had high post‐heparin plasma LPL activity.It is concluded that a low LPL activity may be a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridaemia in nonobese subjects and in patients having type 5 disorder.
Effects of haem infusion on biliary secretion of porphyrins, haem and bilirubin in man
Authors: McCORMACK LARRY R. , LIEM HENG H. , STRUM WILLIAMSON B. , GRUNDY SCOTT M. , MULLER‐EBERHARD URSULA 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Employing a continuous bile collection, we measured the bile secretion of porphyrins, haem (iron protoporphyrin IX regardless of oxidation state) and bilirubin in five healthy subjects. The baseline values for the flow of porphyrins in the bile were: 4·7 pL 1·9 nmol/h uroporphyrin, 27·3 pL 3·8 nmol/h coproporphyrin and 39·2 pL 11·7 nmol/h protoporphyrin. Bile haem flow was 59·7 pL 12·6 nmol/h, and that of bilirubin 23·8 pL 8·2 μmol/h. Following haem injection (6·4 μmol/kg) the flow of protoporphyrin but not of the other porphyrins was reduced, and the bile haem flow increased (232 pL 109·5 nmol/h), while the flow of bilirubin did not increase significantly. A few patients with representative porphyrias showed the expected increase in copro‐ and protoporphyrin in the bile. The patient with coproporphyria exhibited a bile flow of coproporphyrin of 1470 pL 133 nmol/h and of protoporphyrin of 334 pL 29 nmol/h; haem infusion significantly reduced the bile flow of both porphyrins (to 649 pL 101 for copro‐ and 215 pL 36 nmol/h for protoporphyrin). The patient with protoporphyria had an increased protoporphyrin flow, yet haem infusion caused no reduction in protoporphyrin flow (106 pL 7 after v. 81·4 pL 13 nmol/h before haem).In conclusion, we found that haem and porphyrins are normal constituents of bile, and that injected haem appears in bile. Bile bilirubin did not rise within 12 h after haem infusion a finding which warrants further investigation.
Vitamin D metabolites in post‐menopausal women and their relationship to the myopathic electromyogram
Authors: HEYBURN PHILIP J. , PEACOCK MUNRO , CASSON IAN F. , CRILLY RICHARD G. , TAYLOR GEOFFREY A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Proximal muscular weakness is a feature of many metabolic bone diseases but is not well recognized in spinal osteoporosis. Thirty‐six post‐menopausal women presenting with back pain, with or without osteoporosis, were therefore studied in order to define the relationship between abnormal electromyographic findings and disturbed vitamin D metabolism, as both low plasma 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D concentrations and malabsorption of calcium have been reported in osteoporosis.Patients with abnormal electromyograms had lower concentrations of plasma 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D (mean 78.3 pmol/1, SD 20.5, n=15) than normal subjects of similar age (mean 110.4 pmol/1, SD 39.4, n= 21; P<0.01), but electromyographic abnormality was not associated with changes in radiocalcium absorption, plasma 25 hydroxy vitamin D, plasma calcium or phosphate or urinary calcium or hydroxyproline excretion or impaired renal function. There was no relationship between abnormal electromyography and osteroporosis assessed by spinal radiographs and iliac crest biopsy.These findings are consistent with our previous suggestion that muscle weakness in many unrelated bone disorders is related to low plasma 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D concentrations, but suggest that there is no relationship between proximal myopathy and spinal osteoporosis in post‐menopausal women.