bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of plerixafor use in the mobilization of blood grafts for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Jantunen Esa , Turunen Antti , Varmavuo Ville , Partanen Anu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlerixafor (PLER), a reversible antagonist of the CXC chemokine receptor type 4, has been in clinical use for mobilization of blood grafts for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) for about 15 years. Initially PLER was investigated in placebo‐controlled trials with the granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) filgrastim. It has also been used in combination with chemotherapy plus G‐CSF in patients who had failed a previous mobilization attempt or appeared to mobilize poorly with current mobilization (preemptive use). This review summarizes what is known regarding addition of PLER to standard mobilization regimens. PLER increases mobilization of CD34+ cells, decreases the number of apheresis sessions needed to achieve collection targets and increases the proportion of patients who can proceed to AHCT. It appears also to increase the amount of various lymphocyte subsets in the grafts collected. In general, hematologic recovery after AHCT has been comparable to patients mobilized without PLER, although slower platelet recovery has been observed in some studies of patients who mobilize poorly. In phase III studies, long‐term outcome has been comparable to patients mobilized without PLER. This also appears to be the case in patients receiving plerixafor for poor or suboptimal mobilization of CD34+ cells. In practice, PLER is safe and has not been shown to increase tumor cell mobilization.
Maternal and child life years gained by transfusing low titer group O whole blood in trauma: A computer simulation
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Leeper Christine , Spinella Philip C. , Emery Stephen P. , Horvath Sarah , Seheult Jansen N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundUsing low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) is increasingly popular for resuscitating trauma patients. LTOWB is often RhD‐positive, which might cause D‐alloimmunization and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) if transfused to RhD‐negative females of childbearing potential (FCP). This simulation determined the number of life years gained by the FCP and her future children if she was resuscitated with LTOWB compared with conventional component therapy (CCT).MethodsThe model simulated 500,000 injured FCPs of each age between 0 and 49 years with LTOWB mortality relative reductions (MRRs) compared with components between 0.1% and 25%. For each surviving FCP, number of life years gained was calculated using her age at injury and average life expectancy for American women. The number of expected future pregnancies for FCPs that did not survive was also based on her age at injury; each future child was assigned the maximum lifespan unless they suffered perinatal mortality or serious neurological events from HDFN.ResultsThe LTOWB group with an MRR 25% compared with CCT had the largest total life years gained. The point of equivalence for RhD‐positive LTOWB compared to CCT, where life years lost due to severe HDFN was equivalent to life years gained due to FCP survival/future childbearing, occurred at an MRR of approximately 0.1%.ConclusionIn this model, RhD‐positive LTOWB resulted in substantial gains in maternal and child life years compared with CCT. A >0.1% relative mortality reduction from LTOWB offset the life years lost to HDFN mortality and severe neurological events.
Evaluation of B‐lines with 2 point‐of‐care lung ultrasound protocols in cats with radiographically normal lungs
Authors: Rigot Manon , Boysen Søren R. , Masseau Isabelle , Letendre Jo‐Annie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare 2 point‐of‐care lung ultrasound (LUS) protocols for quantification of B‐lines in cats without evidence of respiratory disease based on history, physical examination, and thoracic radiography.DesignProspective observational study.SettingSingle center, veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsFifty‐seven cats without respiratory disease based on history, physical examination, and thoracic radiographs.InterventionsAll cats had 2 point‐of‐care LUS protocols performed bilaterally: a regional protocol (veterinary bedside lung ultrasound evaluation [VetBLUE]) and a more comprehensive vertical sweeping (VS) protocol. The total number of B‐lines per cat, number of sites with B‐lines, and maximal number of B‐lines at each site were recorded and compared.Measurements and Main ResultsTen cats (18%) had at least 1 B‐line identified with VetBLUE, versus 29 (51%) with VS. Comparing protocols, VS had a statistically higher total number of B‐lines per cat, higher number of sites with B‐lines, and higher maximal number of B‐lines per site. B‐lines that were too numerous to count were identified at a single location in 1 cat with VetBLUE and 2 cats with VS. A maximum of 3 B‐lines were identified at all other positive sites regardless of the protocol used. On average, it took 1.79 times longer to complete VS bilaterally compared to VetBLUE (median [interquartile range]: 140 [33] and 78 [14] s, respectively) (P = 0.001).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates it is not uncommon to identify a single or even multiple B‐lines in 1 or several sites on LUS in cats deemed to be clinically free of respiratory pathology—essential knowledge when using LUS as a screening test and to monitor intrathoracic lesions. In cats asymptomatic for respiratory disease, VS generally identifies more B‐lines than VetBLUE, likely because it assesses a larger lung surface area. The sonographic identification of B‐lines should be interpreted considering the LUS protocol used, history, and other diagnostics to determine their clinical significance.
Medical management of pneumoperitoneum, gastric pneumatosis, and hepatic venous gas secondary to 3% hydrogen peroxide toxicity in a dog
Authors: Gordon Stefan B. , Nadolski Amy C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the medical management and outcome of a dog suffering severe hydrogen peroxide toxicity.Case SummaryA 3‐year‐old neutered female Bichon Frise was presented to an emergency and referral practice after ingestion of 10–20 mL/kg 3% hydrogen peroxide. On presentation, the dog was obtunded, was tachypneic, and had severe gastric tympany. Abdominal radiographs revealed pneumoperitoneum, gastric pneumatosis, and hepatic venous gas. The dog was managed conservatively with supportive care and oxygen therapy. Repeat radiographs 6 hours later showed complete resolution of all gas inclusions. While hospitalized, the dog developed severe hematemesis, and abdominal ultrasound revealed severe gastric wall thickening. Subsequent endoscopy confirmed severe gastric mucosal necrosis without evidence of deeper ulceration and relatively mild petechiation of the esophagus. The dog was ultimately discharged after 5 days of hospitalization and continued to do well at home. Recheck ultrasound 5 weeks postdischarge showed normal gastric wall appearance.New or Unique Information ProvidedTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of pneumoperitoneum secondary to hydrogen peroxide toxicity and the first description of the clinical course of severe toxicity in dogs.
Surgical interventions and outcome in a population of canine trauma patients
Authors: Fisher Corey J. , Adams Taylor , Liss David , Cavanagh Amanda A. , Marvel Sarah J. , Hall Kelly E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine signalment, injury type, trauma severity score, and outcome of canine trauma patients undergoing surgical (emergency room [ER] or operating room [OR]) and nonsurgical treatment in addition to time to surgery, specialty services involved, and cost in the OR surgery population.DesignRetrospective evaluation of medical record and hospital trauma registry data on canine trauma cases.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsOne thousand six hundred and thirty dogs presenting for traumatic injury between May 2017 and July 2020.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsDemographics and outcome were compared for canine trauma patients undergoing OR surgery (12.8%, 208/1630), ER surgery (39.1%, 637/1630), or no surgical intervention (48.2%, 785/1630). Among the 2 surgical groups, 98.9% (836/845) survived to discharge compared with 92.2% (724/785) of the nonsurgical group (P < 0.0001). The OR surgical group had significantly higher median Animal Trauma Triage scores (2 vs 1, P < 0.0001) and median days in hospital (2 vs < 1, P < 0.0001) compared with the other groups. For the OR surgical cohort, electronic medical records were reviewed to determine the specialty surgery service involved, time to and duration of anesthesia and surgery, and visit cost. The most common surgery services involved were orthopedics (45.2%, 94/208) and general surgery (26.9%, 56/208). Neurology and general surgery cases required the longest median length of stay in hospital, and ophthalmology and dentistry cases required the shortest. The median cost of visit was highest in neurology ($10,032) and lowest in ophthalmology ($2305) and dentistry ($2404).ConclusionsSurgical intervention in canine trauma patients appears to be associated with higher survival rates, and among the surgery groups, mortality was highest in the ER and general surgery groups. OR surgical intervention, in particular general surgery and neurology, was associated with increased length of hospitalization, increased cost, and higher Animal Trauma Triage scores.
Successful treatment of a severe 5‐hydroxytrytophan intoxication using carbon hemoperfusion, hemodiafiltration, and mechanical ventilation in a dog
Authors: Her Jiwoong , Gordon Daniel , Riggs Alexandra , Venner Laura , Cooper Edward , Langston Catherine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the successful use of carbon hemoperfusion and hemodiafiltration in combination with mechanical ventilation (MV) to treat a severe intoxication of 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP) in a dog.Case SummaryA dog ingested a minimum of 550 mg/kg of extended‐release 5‐HTP, resulting in serotonin syndrome that progressed to a comatose state and severe hypoventilation requiring MV. Extracorporeal carbon hemoperfusion coupled with hemodiafiltration was performed to remove 5‐HTP from this patient. A carbon hemoperfusion cartridge was placed in series upstream in the extracorporeal circuit from the hemodialyzer. A total of 46.5 L of blood (4.89 L/kg) was processed during a 4.85‐hour treatment. Serial plasma samples were obtained at 0, 60, 90, and 150 minutes during the session and 14 hours after the session. These samples were later analyzed for 5‐HTP and serotonin concentrations. The extraction ratio of 5‐HTP was 93.6%–98.9% through the carbon filter. The dog was weaned from MV within 8 hours after extracorporeal therapy and, after a full recovery, was successfully discharged.New or Unique Information ProvidedDespite an extensive review of the available literature, this appears to be the first reported case of using a carbon hemoperfusion, hemodiafiltration, and MV to treat severe serotonin syndrome secondary to 5‐HTP intoxication in a dog. The combination of carbon hemoperfusion and hemodiafiltration can significantly reduce plasma 5‐HTP concentrations after acute intoxication and may serve to decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with severe intoxication.
Large Deformation Dynamic Characteristics of Cracked Laminated Panel and Improvement of Stiffness Using Shape Memory Alloy Fiber
Authors: Kumar Erukala Kalyan , Pattanayak Pritam , Panda Subrata Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study explores the investigation of the nonlinear dynamic responses or time-dependent deflection analysis of a laminated composite shell panel integrated with a shape memory alloy (SMA), considering both undamaged and damaged set-ups. The primary focus of this research is to examine the impact of SMA incorporation on the structural behavior of the parent configuration, aimed at enhancing its structural stiffness. To ensure the validity of the proposed model, sensitivity analyses and numerical validations are presented. The mathematical framework employed in this study employs the higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT), which offers enhanced accuracy in capturing the intricate behaviors of these shell panels. The dynamic responses are obtained using the Newmark average acceleration method. Numerical simulations are carried out using a dedicated MATLAB code developed in-house, allowing amplified correctness in outcomes and widespread analysis. The study thoroughly assesses a range of geometric parameters and those relevant to SMA for both intact and impaired shell panels. The outcomes of the investigation reveal affirmative findings, underscoring notable improvements in structural strength and enhanced nonlinear dynamic responses through the introduction of SMA reinforcement into the composite shell panel.
Purge–Mainstream Interactions in a Turbine Stage With Rotor Endwall Contouring
Authors: Mesny Alex W. , Pountney Oliver J. , Scobie James A. , Li Yan Sheng , Sangan Carl M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purge flows are prevalent in modern gas turbine design, allowing for increased turbine entry temperatures. The purge flow passes through a rim seal and interacts with the mainstream flow, modifying the blade secondary flow structures and reducing stage efficiency. These structures may be controlled using end wall contouring (EWC), though experimental demonstration of their benefit is seldom reported in the literature. The optically accessible turbine at the University of Bath was designed to directly measure and visualize the flow field within the blade passage for a rotor with EWC. The single-stage turbine enables phase-locked flow field measurements with volumetric particle image velocimetry (PIV). Purge flow was supplied to investigate a range of operating conditions in which the secondary flow structures were modified. The modular turbine rotor allowed for expedient change of a bladed ring, or bling, featuring non-axisymmetric EWC. The identified secondary flow structures were the pressure-side leg of the horse shoe vortex (PS-HSV) and an egress vortex (EV) of concurrent rotational direction. An increase in purge flowrate monotonically shifted the EV toward the suction-side (SS) of the adjacent blade. The migration of the PS-HSV toward the SS caused the two aforementioned vortices to merge. The EWC rotor design included a leading-edge (LE) feature to alter the PS-HSV and a trough to guide the EV low spanwise in the passage and maintain displacement from the adjacent suction-side. The EWC rotor was found to be effective at altering the formation and positioning of the secondary flow structures at a range of purge flow conditions.
Finally neutralizing the threat? A novel SARS-CoV-2 vaccine platform that elicits enhanced neutralizing antibody responses
Authors: Salamango Daniel J. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak took the world by storm due to its rapid global spread and unpredictable disease outcomes. The extraordinary ascension of SARS-CoV-2 to pandemic status motivated a world-wide effort to rapidly develop vaccines that could effectively suppress virus spread and mitigate severe disease. These efforts culminated in the development and deployment of several highly effective vaccines that were heralded as the beginning-of-the-end of the pandemic. However, these successes were short lived due to the unexpected and continuous emergence of more transmissible and immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants. Thus, attention has shifted toward developing novel vaccine platforms that elicit more robust and sustained neutralizing antibody responses. Recent findings by Muñoz-Alía and colleagues address this by combining a live recombinant measles vaccine platform with novel biochemical approaches to generate vaccine candidates that bolster the potency of neutralizing antibody responses against diverse SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (M. Á. Muñoz-Alía, R. A. Nace, B. Balakrishnan, L. Zhang, et al., mBio 9:e02928-23, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02928-23
).
A high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework for the eastern Ellis Bay Formation, Canada: A record of Hirnantian sea-level change
Authors: Zimmt Joshua B. , Holland Steven M. , Desrochers André , Jones David S. , Finnegan Seth 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Anticosti Island (Québec, Canada) contains one of the thickest Ordovician/Silurian boundary sections in the world, providing a fossiliferous and well-preserved record of the Late Ordovician mass extinction; however, the absence of a comprehensive correlation framework for the island prevents the full incorporation of data from across Anticosti into a global understanding of the extinction event. Here, we combine sedimentological, stratigraphic, and chemostratigraphic data to develop a sequence stratigraphic framework for the Ellis Bay and lowermost Becscie formations along the northeastern shore of Anticosti Island. These formations record six fourth-order (~100–400 k.y.) depositional sequences bounded by regionally traceable unconformities. Evidence of subaerial weathering and exposure at many of these unconformities is subtle and has long gone unrecognized, which highlights the complexity of correlation in this and other stratigraphically thin icehouse records. Quartz pebble lags that mantle these surfaces punctuate the otherwise fine-grained, mixed carbonate–siliciclastic strata of the Ellis Bay Formation and provide the means to trace unconformities across localities; these surfaces are also marked by depleted carbon isotopic values, meteoric cement, microkarst, and incised valleys. This sequence stratigraphic framework provides the first correlation framework for exposures from the eastern end of this classic Ordovician/Silurian boundary section, and thus enables the integration of paleobiological, stratigraphic, and geochemical data into a basin-wide perspective of the Late Ordovician mass extinction. Critically, comparison to sequence stratigraphic frameworks from coeval sections suggests that other regions may be incomplete at the level of the fourth-order cycles recorded on Anticosti Island and may contain similarly cryptic unconformities.
Automated identification of fleck lesions in Stargardt disease using deep learning enhances lesion detection sensitivity and enables morphometric analysis of flecks
Authors: Sabharwal Jasdeep , Liu Tin Yan Alvin , Antonio-Aguirre Bani , Abousy Mya , Patel Tapan , Cai Cindy X , Jones Craig K , Singh Mandeep S 
Published: February 2024

PurposeTo classify fleck lesions and assess artificial intelligence (AI) in identifying flecks in Stargardt disease (STGD).MethodsA retrospective study of 170 eyes from 85 consecutive patients with confirmed STGD. Fundus autofluorescence images were extracted, and flecks were manually outlined. A deep learning model was trained, and a hold-out testing subset was used to compare with manually identified flecks and for graders to assess. Flecks were clustered using K-means clustering.ResultsOf the 85 subjects, 45 were female, and the median age was 37 years (IQR 25–59). A subset of subjects (n=41) had clearly identifiable fleck lesions, and an AI was successfully trained to identify these lesions (average Dice score of 0.53, n=18). The AI segmentation had smaller (0.018 compared with 0.034 mm2, p<0.001) but more numerous flecks (75.5 per retina compared with 40.0, p<0.001), but the total size of flecks was not different. The AI model had higher sensitivity to detect flecks but resulted in more false positives. There were two clusters of flecks based on morphology: broadly, one cluster of small round flecks and another of large amorphous flecks. The per cent frequency of small round flecks negatively correlated with subject age (r=−0.31, p<0.005).ConclusionsAI-based detection of flecks shows greater sensitivity than human graders but with a higher false-positive rate. With further optimisation to address current shortcomings, this approach could be used to prescreen subjects for clinical research. The feasibility and utility of quantifying fleck morphology in conjunction with AI-based segmentation as a biomarker of progression require further study.
Video versus direct laryngoscopy to improve the success rate of nasotracheal intubations in the neonatal intensive care setting: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tippmann Susanne , Schäfer Janine , Winter Julia , Mühler Ann-Kathrin , Schmitz Katharina , Schönfeld Mascha , Eichinger Michael , Mildenberger Eva , Kidszun André 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo assess whether video laryngoscopy (VL) for tracheal intubation of neonates results in a higher first-attempt success rate and fewer adverse tracheal intubation-associated events (TIAEs) when compared with direct laryngoscopy (DL).DesignSingle-centre, parallel group, randomised controlled trial.SettingUniversity Medical Centre Mainz, Germany.PatientsNeonates <440/7weeks postmenstrual age in whom tracheal intubation was indicated either in the delivery room or in the neonatal intensive care unit.InterventionIntubation encounters were randomly assigned to either VL or DL at first attempt.Primary outcomeFirst-attempt success rate during tracheal intubation.ResultsOf 121 intubation encounters assessed for eligibility, 32 (26.4%) were either not randomised (acute emergencies (n=9), clinicians’ preference for either VL (n=8) or DL (n=2)) or excluded from the analysis (declined parental consent (n=13)). Eighty-nine intubation encounters (41 in the VL and 48 in the DL group) in 63 patients were analysed. First-attempt success rate was 48.8% (20/41) in the VL group compared with 43.8% (21/48) in the DL group (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.51 to 2.88).The frequency of adverse TIAEs was 43.9% (18/41) and 47.9% (23/48) in the VL and DL group, respectively (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.97). Oesophageal intubation with concomitant desaturation never occurred in the VL group but in 18.8% (9/48) of intubation encounters in the DL group.ConclusionThis study provides effect sizes for first-attempt success rates and frequency of TIAEs with VL compared with DL in the neonatal emergency setting. This study was underpowered to detect small but clinically important differences between the two techniques. The results of this study may be useful in planning future trials.
The expressivity of classical and quantum neural networks on entanglement entropy
Authors: Wu Chih-Hung , Yen Ching-Che 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAnalytically continuing the von Neumann entropy from Rényi entropies is a challenging task in quantum field theory. While the n-th Rényi entropy can be computed using the replica method in the path integral representation of quantum field theory, the analytic continuation can only be achieved for some simple systems on a case-by-case basis. In this work, we propose a general framework to tackle this problem using classical and quantum neural networks with supervised learning. We begin by studying several examples with known von Neumann entropy, where the input data is generated by representing $${\text {Tr}}\rho _A^n$$

Tr

ρ
A
n

with a generating function. We adopt KerasTuner to determine the optimal network architecture and hyperparameters with limited data. In addition, we frame a similar problem in terms of quantum machine learning models, where the expressivity of the quantum models for the entanglement entropy as a partial Fourier series is established. Our proposed methods can accurately predict the von Neumann and Rényi entropies numerically, highlighting the potential of deep learning techniques for solving problems in quantum information theory.