bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self Directed Learning Scale at University Context
Authors: Masrul Masrul , Yuliani Sri 
Published: April 2024

This research was carried out to investigate a relationship between self-directedness, self-involvement, expressive language, self-assessment, language varieties, metacognitive skills, editing and problem solving, text processing, knowledge rehearsal, idea planning, goal oriented monitoring and evaluating, peer learning, feedback handling, interest enhancement, motivational self-talk, and emotional control and the main and forming factors of self-directedness, self-involvement, expressive language, self-assessment, language varieties, metacognitive skills, editing and problem solving, text processing, knowledge rehearsal, idea planning, goal oriented monitoring and evaluating, peer learning, feedback handling, interest enhancing, motivational self-talk, and emotional control of self directed learning. A convenience sample approach was used to recruit English majors from a range of State University of Yogyakarta. All participants were recruited intentionally, and that they were informed that they might leave the study at any moment either during collecting data. The participant criteria include second-year English major students from various State Universities of Yogyakarta. As the result of pearson correlation in this research, it was found that there was a substantial relationship between the variables examined in this research. Moreover, as the result of factor analysis in this research was found that from the 11 variables included in the research namely self involvement, expressive language, self assessment, language varieties, metacognitive skills, editing and problem solving, Cognition, Metacognition, Social Behavior, and Motivational Regulation, they can be grouped into two main factors. The implications of these findings lie in a deeper understanding of the underlying conceptual structure of self-directed learning in a university context. With the identification of the key factors emerging from these variables, a more focused approach can be developed to enhance students' self-directed learning. This can also aid in the development of more precise and measurable assessment instruments to gauge progress in crucial aspects of self-directed learning. Thus, the implications of these findings can enrich teaching and learning practices in higher education settings.
Exploring theophylline-1,2,4-triazole tethered N-phenylacetamide derivatives as antimicrobial agents: unraveling mechanisms via structure-activity relationship, in vitro validation, and in silico insights
Authors: Saeed Sadaf , Shahzadi Irum , Zahoor Ameer Fawad , Al-Mutairi Aamal A. , Kamal Shagufta , Faisal Shah , Irfan Ali , Al-Hussain Sami A. , Muhammed Muhammed Tilahun , Zaki Magdi E. A. 
Published: April 2024

Theophylline, a nitrogen-containing heterocycle, serves as a promising focal point for medicinal researchers aiming to create derivatives with diverse pharmacological applications. In this work, we present an improved synthetic method for a range of theophylline-1,2,4-triazole-S-linked N-phenyl acetamides (4a‒g) utilizing ultrasound-assisted synthetic approach. The objective was to assess the effectiveness of synthesized theophylline-1,2,4-triazoles (4a‒g) as inhibitors of HCV serine protease and as antibacterial agents against B. subtilis QB-928 and E. coli AB-274. Theophylline-1,2,4-triazoles were obtained in good to excellent yields (69%–95%) in a shorter time than conventional approach. 4-Chlorophenyl moiety containing theophylline-1,2,4-triazole 4c displayed significantly higher inhibitory activity against HCV serine protease enzyme (IC50 = 0.015 ± 0.25 mg) in comparison to ribavirin (IC50 = 0.165 ± 0.053 mg), but showed excellent binding affinity (−7.55 kcal/mol) with the active site of serine protease, better than compound 4c (−6.90 kcal/mol) as well as indole-based control compound 5 (−7.42 kcal/mol). In terms of percentage inhibition of serine protease, 2-chlorophenyl compound 4b showed the maximum percentage inhibition (86%), more than that of the 3,4-dichlorophenyl compound 4c (76%) and ribavirin (81%). 3,4-Dimethylphenyl-based theophylline-1,2,4-triazole 4g showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC = 0.28 ± 0.50 μg/mL) against the B. subtilis bacterial strain as compared to the standard drug penicillin (MIC = 1 ± 1.50 μg/mL). The other 4-methylphenyl theophylline-1,2,4-triazole 4e (MIC = 0.20 ± 0.08 μg/mL) displayed the most potent antibacterial potential against E. coli in comparison to the standard drug penicillin (MIC = 2.4 ± 1.00 μg/mL). Molecular docking studies further helped in an extensive understanding of all of the interactions between compounds and the enzyme active site, and DFT studies were also employed to gain insights into the molecular structure of the synthesized compounds. The results indicated that theophylline-linked triazole derivatives 4b and 4c showed promise as leading contenders in the fight against the HCV virus. Moreover, compounds 4e and 4g demonstrated potential as effective chemotherapeutic agents against E. coli and B. subtilis, respectively. To substantiate these findings, additional in vivo studies and clinical trials are imperative, laying the groundwork for their integration into future drug design and development.
Outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound-guided ablation and minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of pancreatic insulinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xiao Dan , Zhu Li , Xiong Si , Yan Xu , Jiang Qin , Wang Ao , Jia Yegui 
Published: April 2024

Background and aimsMost pancreatic insulinomas can be treated by minimally invasive modalities. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the clinical outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided ablation and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in the treatment of pancreatic insulinoma.Materials and methodsOnline databases were searched for relevant studies. The primary aim was to compare the rates of adverse events (AEs) and the secondary aims were to compare the clinical and technical success rates, length of hospital stays, and symptom recurrence rates between EUS and MIS approaches.ResultsEight studies with 150 patients were identified that reported EUS-guided ablation outcomes, forming the EUS group, and 9 studies with 236 patients reported MIS outcomes, forming the MIS group. The pooled median age of the included patients in the EUS group was greater than that of the MIS group (64.06 vs. 44.98 years old, p &lt; 0.001). Also, the technical success rate was significantly higher in the EUS group (100% vs. 96.6%, p = 0.025), while the clinical success was significantly higher (6%) in the MIS group (94% vs. 98.7%, p = 0.021). The AE rates (18.7% vs. 31.1%, p = 0.012) and severe AE rates (1.3% vs. 7.9%, p = 0.011) were significantly lower in the EUS group. The median length of hospital stay in the EUS group (2.68 days, 95% CI: 1.88–3.48, I2 = 60.3%) was significantly shorter than in the MIS group (7.40 days, 95% CI: 6.22–8.58, I2 = 42.2%, p &lt; 0.001). The recurrence rate was significantly higher in the EUS group (15.3% vs. 1.3%, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsEUS-guided ablation is associated with a lower AE rate and a shorter length of hospital stay, but a higher recurrence rate for the treatment of insulinoma compared with MIS. The EUS approach may be an alternative, even first-line, treatment for poor surgery candidates.
Exploring a path of vegetation restoration best suited for a photovoltaic plant in the Hobq desert
Authors: Cai Jiale , Meng Zhongju , Meng Ruibing , Li Haonian , Chen Xiaoyan , Ren Xiaomeng , Guo Lijun , Hao Meijun 
Published: April 2024

To investigate the soil improvement effects of different vegetation restoration measures during the operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power plants in the Hobq Desert. This study determined the soil grain size composition and soil nutrient content of 0–5 cm under four vegetation restoration measures and within the mechanical sand barriers by laser diffraction techniques and chemical experiments. The results showed that: (1) Soil particle size composition in the study area is predominantly sandy, with 1.02%, 6.63%, 5.34% and 2.61% less sand inLeymus chinensis(YC),Glycyrrhiza uralensis(GC),Artemisia ordosica Krasch(YH) andHedysarum scoparium(HB), respectively, compared to mechanical sand barriers (CK). Soil particle distributions of YC, GC, and HB showed better sorting and more concentrated patterns, and all four vegetation restoration measures had higher fractal dimensions than CK. (2) AN (Alkali-hydrolyzable Nitrogen) content performance: The content of YC, GC, and HB was significantly higher than that of YH and CK, AP (Available Phosphorus) content did not differ significantly between measures, AK (Available Potassium) content was higher than that of CK in all measures, with YC content being the highest and SOM content being the highest for GC. (3) Soil total nutrient is unstable across vegetation restoration measures. Overall, the performance showed that the three vegetation restoration measures, YC, GC, and HB, were more evident in the soil total nutrient content improvement. Each particle size characteristic parameter and soil nutrient response vegetation restoration measures ameliorate sandy soil in PV power plants during operation and maintenance. YC and GC have the most apparent effect on soil amelioration.
Memory B-cell derived donor-specific antibodies do not predict outcome in sensitized kidney transplant recipients: a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Altulea Dania , van den Born Joost C. , Diepstra Arjan , Bungener Laura , Terpstra Dagmar , Hepkema Bouke G. , Lammerts Rosa , Heeringa Peter , Heidt Sebastiaan , Otten Henny , Reteig Leon , Karahan Gonca E. , Berger Stefan P. , Sanders Jan-Stephan 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundRepeated exposure to sensitizing events can activate HLA-specific memory B cells, leading to the production of donor-specific memory B cell antibodies (DSAm) that pose a risk for antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This single-center retrospective study aimed to identify DSAm and assess their association with outcomes in a cohort of KTRs with pretransplant serum donor-specific antibodies (DSA).MethodsWe polyclonally activated pretransplant peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 60 KTRs in vitro, isolated and quantified IgG from the culture supernatant using ELISA, and analyzed the HLA antibodies of eluates with single antigen bead (SAB) assays, comparing them to the donor HLA typing for potential DSAm. Biopsies from 41 KTRs were evaluated for rejection based on BANFF 2019 criteria.ResultsAt transplantation, a total of 37 DSAm were detected in 26 of 60 patients (43%), of which 13 (35%) were found to be undetectable in serum. No significant association was found between pretransplant DSAm and ABMR (P=0.53). Similar results were observed in a Kaplan–Meier analysis for ABMR within the first year posttransplant (P=0.29). Additionally, MFI levels of DSAm showed no significant association with ABMR (P=0.28).ConclusionThis study suggests no significant association between DSAm and biopsy-proven clinical ABMR. Further prospective research is needed to determine whether assessing DSAm could enhance existing immunological risk assessment methods for monitoring KTRs, particularly in non-sensitized KTRs.
The value of pre-hospital trauma life support courses for medical personnel—a questionnaire study
Authors: Teuben Michel Paul Johan , Löhr Nikolaus , Shehu Alba , Berk Till , Jensen Kai Oliver , Mikova Ester , Brüesch Martin , Müller Stephan , Pfeifer Roman , Mica Ladislav , Pape Hans Christoph , Sprengel Kai 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to determine the impact that PHTLS® course participation had on self-confidence of emergency personnel, regarding the pre-hospital treatment of patients who had suffered severe trauma. Furthermore, the goal was to determine the impact of specific medical profession, work experience and prior course participation had on the benefits of PHTLS® training.MethodsA structured questionnaire study was performed. Healthcare providers from local emergency services involved in pre-hospital care in the metropolitan area of Zurich (Switzerland, Europe) who completed a PHTLS® course were included. Altered self-confidence, communication, and routines in the treatment of severe trauma patients were examined. The impact of prior course participation, work experience and profession on course benefits were evaluated.ResultsThe response rate was 76%. A total of 6 transport paramedics (TPs), 66 emergency paramedics (EPs) and 15 emergency doctors (EDs) were included. Emergency paramedics had significantly more work experience compared with EDs (respectively 7.1 ± 5.7 yrs. vs. 4.5 ± 2.1 yrs., p = 0.004). 86% of the participants reported increased self-confidence in the pre-hospital management of severe trauma upon PHTLS® training completion. Moreover, according to 84% of respondents, extramural treatment of trauma changed upon course completion. PHTLS® course participants had improved communication in 93% of cases. This was significantly more frequent in EPs than TPs (p = 0.03). Multivariable analysis revealed emergency paramedics benefit the most from PHTLS® course participation.ConclusionThe current study shows that PHTLS® training is associated with improved self-confidence and enhanced communication, with regards to treatment of severe trauma patients in a pre-hospital setting, among medical emergency personnel. Additionally, emergency paramedics who took the PHTLS® course improved in overall self-confidence. These findings imply that all medical personal involved in the pre-hospital care of trauma patients, in a metropolitan area in Europe, do benefit from PHTLS® training. This was independent of the profession, previous working experience or prior alternative course participation.
Clostridium butyricum isolated from giant panda can attenuate dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice
Authors: Yu Shuran , Xie Junjin , Guo Qiang , Yan Xia , Wang Yuxiang , Leng Tangjian , Li Lin , Zhou Jielong , Zhang Wenping , Su Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveProbiotics are beneficial to the intestinal barrier, but few studies have investigated probiotics from giant pandas. This study aims to explore the preventive effects of giant panda-derived Clostridium butyricum on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice.MethodsClostridium butyricum was administered to mice 14 days before administering DSS treatment to induce enteritis.ResultsClostridium butyricum B14 could more effectively prevent colitis in mice than C. butyricum B13. C. butyricum B14 protected the mouse colon by decreasing the histology index and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels, which improved intestinal inflammation-related symptoms. In addition, the treatment led to the regulation of the expression of Tifa, Igkv12-89, and Nr1d1, which in turn inhibited immune pathways. The expression of Muc4, Lama3, Cldn4, Cldn3, Ocln, Zo1, Zo2, and Snai is related the intestinal mucosal barrier. 16S sequencing shows that the C. butyricum B14 significantly increased the abundance of certain intestinal probiotics. Overall, C. butyricum B14 exerted a preventive effect on colitis in mice by inhibiting immune responses, enhancing the intestinal barrier and increasing the abundance of probiotic species. Thus, C. butyricum B14 administration helps regulate the balance of the intestinal microecology. It can suppress immune pathways and enhance barrier-protective proteins.
Perinatal exposure to atazanavir-based antiretroviral regimens in a mouse model leads to differential long-term motor and cognitive deficits dependent on the NRTI backbone
Authors: Dhume Shreya H. , Balogun Kayode , Sarkar Ambalika , Acosta Sebastian , Mount Howard T. J. , Cahill Lindsay S. , Sled John G. , Serghides Lena 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundCombination antiretroviral therapy (ART) use in pregnancy has been pivotal in improving maternal health and reducing perinatal HIV transmission. However, children born HIV-exposed uninfected fall behind their unexposed peers in several areas including neurodevelopment. The contribution of in utero ART exposure to these deficits is not clear. Here we present our findings of neurocognitive outcomes in adult mice exposed in utero to ART.MethodsDams were treated with a combination of ritonavir-boosted atazanavir with either abacavir plus lamivudine (ABC/3TC + ATV/r) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine (TDF/FTC + ATV/r), or water as a control, administered daily from day of plug detection to birth. Offspring underwent a battery of behavioral tests that investigated motor performance and cognition starting at 6-weeks of age and ending at 8 months. Changes in brain structure were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging and immunohistochemistry. Expression of genes involved in neural circuitry and synaptic transmission were assessed in the hippocampus, a region strongly associated with memory formation, using qPCR.FindingsPups exposed to TDF/FTC + ATV/r showed increased motor activity and exploratory drive, and deficits in hippocampal-dependent working memory and social interaction, while pups exposed to ABC/3TC + ATV/r showed increased grooming, and deficits in working memory and social interaction. Significant volumetric reductions in the brain were seen only in the ABC/3TC + ATV/r group and were associated with reduced neuronal counts in the hippocampus. Altered neurotransmitter receptor mRNA expression as well as changes in expression of the neurotrophic factor BDNF and its receptors were observed in both ART-exposed groups in a sex-dependent manner.InterpretationIn our model, in utero ART exposure had long-term effects on brain development and cognitive and motor outcomes in adulthood. Our data show that neurological outcomes can be influenced by the type of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone of the regimen and not just the base drug, and display sex differences.
Association between the oxidative balance score and low muscle mass in middle-aged US adults
Authors: Chen Kun , Yin Qiang , Guan Jiangan , Yang Jingwen , Ma Yuan , Hu Yu , Chen Chan , Chen Wenwen 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundOxidative Balance Score (OBS) is a tool for assessing the oxidative stress-related exposures of diet and lifestyle. The study aimed to investigate the association between OBS and low muscle mass.MethodsOverall, 6,307 individuals over the age of 18 were assessed using data from the 2011 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted logistic regression and models were used, together with adjusted models.ResultsThere was a negative relationship between OBS and low muscle mass [odds ratio (OR): 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94–0.97, p&lt; 0.0001] using the first OBS level as reference. The values (all 95% CI) were 0.745 (0.527–1.054) for the second level, 0.650 (0.456–0.927) for the third level, and 0.326 (0.206–0.514) for the fourth level (P for trend &lt;0.0001). Independent links with low muscle mass were found for diet and lifestyle factors. A restricted cubic spline model indicated a non-linear association between OBS and low muscle mass risk (P for non-linearity&lt;0.05). In addition, the inflection points of the nonlinear curves for the relationship between OBS and risk of low muscle mass were 20.ConclusionOBS and low muscle mass were found to be significantly negatively correlated. By modulating oxidative balance, a healthy lifestyle and antioxidant rich diet could be a preventive strategy for low muscle mass.
A retrospective study of the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin in children with severe infection
Authors: Junqi Zhang , Jie Cai , Jinglin Wang , Jinmiao Lu , Guoping Lu , Yi Wang , Zhiping Li 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesLevofloxacin is widely used because of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and convenient dosing schedule. However, the relevance of its use in children remains to be investigated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin use in children with severe infections.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of patients &lt;18 years of age who received levofloxacin intravenously in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of our hospital during the period between 2021 and 2022. Patient demographics, course characteristics, clinical effectiveness, and adverse event correlations were extracted through a retrospective tabular review.ResultsWe included 25 patients treated with 28 courses of levofloxacin. The mean age of these children treated with levofloxacin was 4.41 years. Conversion of pathogenic microbiological test results to negative after levofloxacin treatment was detected in 11 courses (39.29%). A decrease in inflammatory markers, white blood cell or C-reactive protein counts, was detected in 18 courses (64.29%). A total of 57 adverse events occurred during the treatment period, of which 21 were possibly related to levofloxacin and no adverse events were probably related to levofloxacin.ConclusionThe effectiveness of levofloxacin use in children with serious infections is promising, especially for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Adverse events occurring during the initiation of levofloxacin therapy in children are reported to be relatively common, but in this study, only a small percentage of them were possibly related to levofloxacin, and none of them were highly possibly related to levofloxacin.
An 8-month adapted motor activity program in a young CMT1A male patient
Authors: Bottoni Giorgio , Crisafulli Oscar , Pisegna Caterina , Serra Marco , Brambilla Sara , Feletti Fausto , Cremonte Giovanni , D’Antona Giuseppe 
Published: April 2024

Background:It is unclear whether prolonged periods of training can be well tolerated. In Charcot-Marie Tooth disease (CMT). We report the effects of an 8-month, adapted motor activity (AMA) program in a 16-years-old CMT1A male patient. The program included strength, mobility, and balance training (two sessions per week, 1 h per session).Measures:Walking ability and walking velocity (Six-Minute Walking Test—6MWT, Ten Meters Walking Test—10 mW T), balance (Y-Balance Test—YBT, Berg Balance Scale—BBS), functional mobility (Short Physical Performance Battery—Short physical performance battery), fatigue (Checklist Individual strength questionnaire - CIS20R), health and quality of life (Short Form Health Survey 36 questionnaire—SF-36) were evaluated in three moments: before (T0), after 5 (T1) and 8 (T2) months of adapted motor activity. Dorsal and plantar foot flexion strength (Maximal Voluntary Contraction—maximum voluntary contraction) and neuromuscular functions (Electromyography—sEMG, interpolated twitch technique—ITT) were measured at T1 and T2.Results:Relative to T0, an amelioration of walking ability (6MWT, +9,3%) and balance (with improvements on Y-balance composite normalized mean reach of the right and left limb of 15,3% and 8,5%, respectively) was appreciable. Relative to T1, an increase in foot strength in three out of four movements (right plantar flexion, +39,3%, left plantar flexion, +22,7%, left dorsal flexion, 11,5%) was observed. Concerning voluntary muscle activation, a greater recruitment in the left, unlike right, medial gastrocnemius was observed.Conclusion:Results suggest the safety of an 8-month AMA program in a young patient affected by CMT1A.