bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of anticancer actions of natural and synthetic vitamin E forms
Authors: Yu Weiping , Jia Li , Wang Pei , Lawson Karla A. , Simmons‐Menchaca Marla , Park Sook‐Kyung , Sun LuZhe , Sanders Bob G. , Kline Kimberly 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe goal of these studies was to investigate the potential anticancer properties of two naturally occurring plant sources and two manufactured synthetic forms of vitamin E, i. e., RRR‐α‐tocopherol (αT), RRR‐γ‐tocopherol (γT), all‐rac‐α‐tocopherol (all‐rac‐αT), and all‐rac‐α‐tocopheryl acetate (all‐rac‐αTAc) in breast cancer models. Vitamin E compounds were evaluated in vitro for inhibition of colony formation and induction of apoptosis in human MDA‐MB‐435 and MCF‐7 breast cancer cells and murine 66cl‐4 mammary cancer cells and in vivo for ability to reduce tumor growth and lung and lymph node metastases using the transplantable syngeneic BALB/c mouse 66cl‐4‐GFP mammary cancer model. γT inhibited colony formation and induced apoptosis in all three cancer cell lines. αT and all‐rac‐αT were less effective and all‐rac‐αTAc was ineffective. γT‐induced apoptosis was correlated with activation of caspases‐8 and ‐9 and down‐regulation of protein expression of c‐FLIP and survivin. In vivo study 1 analyses showed that all‐rac‐αT and all‐rac‐αTAc significantly inhibited tumor growth and inhibited both visible and microscopic size lung metastases. In vivo study 2 analyses showed that αT and γT reduced tumor growth, but only γT reduced tumor growth significantly in comparison to control. In conclusion, synthetic, but not natural, vitamin E exhibits promising anti‐cancer properties in vivo.
Absence of 2′‐deoxyguanosine‐carbon 8‐bound ochratoxin A adduct in rat kidney DNA monitored by isotope dilution LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Delatour Thierry , Mally Angela , Richoz Janique , Özden Sibel , Dekant Wolfgang , Ihmels Heiko , Otto Daniela , Gasparutto Didier , Marin‐Kuan Maricel , Schilter Benoît , Cavin Christophe 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe contribution of DNA adduct formation in the carcinogenic action of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) has been subject to much debate. Recently, a carbon‐bonded ochratoxin A‐2′‐deoxyguanosine adduct (dGuoOTA) formed by photochemical reaction in vitro has been shown by 32P‐postlabeling/TLC to comigrate with a spot detected in DNA isolated from rat and pig kidney following exposure to OTA. Considering the large body of evidence arguing against covalent DNA binding of OTA and the poor resolution and specificity of postlabeling analysis, we developed a stable isotope dilution LC‐MS/MS method to analyze dGuoOTA in kidney DNA isolated from rats treated with OTA. dGuoOTA and nitrogen‐15‐labeled dGuoOTA (15N5‐dGuoOTA) were prepared by photoirradiation of OTA in the presence of dGuo or nitrogen‐15‐labeled dGuo. Conditions for DNA hydrolysis were optimized using a synthetic oligonucleotide containing dGuoOTA to ensure complete release of dGuoOTA. The LOD of the method (S/N > 3) was 10 fmol dGuoOTA on‐column. However, dGuoOTA was not detected in DNA samples isolated from male F344 rats treated with OTA for up to 90 days at doses known to cause renal tumor formation. Detection limits, calculated for each individual sample based on the absolute LOD and the amount of DNA injected, were as low as 3.5 dGuoOTA/109 nucleotides. These data are consistent with previous results showing lack of DNA adduct formation by OTA and demonstrate that dGuoOTA is not formed in biologically relevant amounts under physiological conditions in vivo.
Analytical study of mine closure behaviour in a poro‐visco‐elastic medium
Authors: Wong H. , Morvan M. , Deleruyelle F. , Leo C. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper is interested in the hydro‐mechanical behaviour of an underground cavity abandoned at the end of its service life. It is an extension of a previous study that accounted for a poro‐elastic behaviour of the rock mass (Int. J. Comput. Geomech. 2007; DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2007.11.003). Deterioration of the lining support with time leads to the transfer of the loading from the exterior massif to the interior backfill. The in situ material has a poro‐visco‐elastic constitutive behaviour while the backfill is poro‐elastic, both saturated with water. This loading transfer is accompanied by an inward cavity convergence, thereby compressing the backfill, and induces an outward water flow. This leads to a complex space–time evolution of pore pressures, displacements and stresses, which is not always intuitive. In its general setting, a semi‐explicit solution to this problem is developed, using Laplace transform, the inversion being performed numerically. Analytical inversion leading to a quasi‐explicit solution in the time domain is possible by identifying the characteristic creep and relaxation times of volumetric strains with those of the deviatoric strains, on the basis of a parametric study. A few numerical examples are given to illustrate the hydro‐mechanical behaviour of the cavity and highlight the influence of key parameters (e.g. stiffness of backfill, lining deterioration rate, etc.). Further studies accounting for more general material behaviours for the backfill and external ground are ongoing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric‐pressure MOVPE growth of In‐rich InAlN
Authors: Houchin Y. , Hashimoto A. , Yamamoto A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper reports the atmospheric‐pressure MOVPE growth of In‐rich InAlN. All InAlN films prepared here (Al content:0∼ 0.43) do not show phase separation. The incorporation of Al in InAlN is decreased with increasing growth temperature. A decrease in Al content is also observed for films grown at a position farther from the up‐stream end of the susceptor. The marked decrease in the Al content along the gas flow direction seems to be caused by the shortage of TMA supply at the downstream by the parasitic reaction of TMA. A single‐crystalline InAlN film with an Al content of 0‐0.43 is successfully grown by adjusting growth temperature and TMA/(TMI+TMA) molar ratio. FWHM of X‐ray rocking curve for InAlN is increased with increasing Al content. The carrier concentrations in InAlN films are comparable to that in InN (1‐5 × 1019 cm–3). All the single‐crystalline InAlN films with an Al content of 0‐0.3 show a photoluminescence at room temperature. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Direct observation of uniform optical properties from microphotoluminescence mapping of InGaN quantum wells grown on slightly misoriented GaN substrates
Authors: Tachibana Koichi , Nago Hajime , Nunoue Shin‐ya 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe have studied microphotoluminescence mapping of InGaN quantum wells grown on GaN (0001) substrates with misorientation toward [1$/bar 1$00] direction. The fluctuation of peak energy and full width at half maximum in the mapping was large when the misorientation angle was 0.0° or 0.1°, whereas it was small when the misorientation angle was over 0.2°. The average of the full width at half maximum of InGaN peak had the minimum of below60 meV at room temperature when the misorientation angle was around 0.28°. These results indicate that InGaN quantum wells have high crystalline quality when grown on GaN (0001) substrates with misorientation angle between 0.2° and 0.3° toward [1$/bar 1$00] direction. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence of cubic InN films on MgO (001) substrates
Authors: Inoue T. , Iwahashi Y. , Oishi S. , Orihara M. , Hijikata Y. , Yaguchi H. , Yoshida S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe have studied photoluminescence from cubic InN films grown on MgO substrates with a cubic GaN underlayer by RF N2 plasma molecular beam epitaxy. A single PL peak was observed at 0.47 eV. By analyzing the reflectance spectra of cubic InN films, we could derive the refractive index and extinction coefficient, and found the band gap energy of cubic InN is 0.48 eV, indicating that the PL peak observed at 0.47 eV is due to the interband transition of cubic InN. The difference in the PL peak energy between hexagonal and cubic InN is in good agreement with that predicted by ab‐initio calculations. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
AlGaN‐based heterostructures grown on 4 inch Si(111) by MOVPE
Authors: Cheng Kai , Leys M. , Derluyn J. , Balachander K. , Degroote S. , Germain M. , Borghs G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAlGaN is an important material for ultra‐violet light emitters, photo detectors and high breakdown voltage switching devices. In this work, crack‐free AlxGa1‐xN (5% < x < 55%) layers up to 1.5 μm have been grown on 4 inch Si(111) using an AlN/AlyGa1‐yN (y > 70%) template. The structural quality of AlGaN layers is comparable to that of GaN layers grown on silicon(111). For Al0.16Ga0.84N, the FWHM of HR‐XRD (0002) and (‐1102) ω‐scan is around 650 arc sec and 1200 arc sec respectively. Based on this high quality AlGaN buffer, a double heterostructure (DH) FET was demonstrated. The sheet resistance of DH‐FET is 274 ± 4.7 Ω/□ and the uniformity value of 1.7% is also excellent. Some of the wafers have been processed. Devices with a gate length of 2 μm showed current density of 500 mA/mm and transconductance of more than 200 mS/mm. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ozone and UV assisted oxidation of InN surfaces
Authors: Ecke G. , Wang Ch. Y. , Cimalla V. , Ambacher O. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHigh quality InN layers suffer from extremely high electron concentrations especially on surfaces and at interfaces. Even if their electron mobility could be extremely high, this prevents the electron depletion and so the application of this outstanding material in field effect transistors. Surface treatments like oxidation assisted by UV irradiation under Ozone atmosphere results in the decrease of the surface electron concentration. This has been confirmed by a combination of resistance and AES measurements. In order to investigate the surface modification by this oxidation laterally highly resolved Auger measurements have been carried out. The Auger signal intensities give information about the growing surface oxygen concentration whereas the Auger peak positions give information about the position of the Fermi level. The results show, that the oxidation process is heavily dependent on the quality of the InN surface. The oxidation is laterally inhomogeneous and the growing oxygen concentration is accompanied by a peak shift to the rhomboedric indium oxide value. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optically pumped lasing of GaN/AlGaN structures grown along a non‐polar crystallographic direction
Authors: Teisseyre H. , Szyman’︁ski M. , Khachapuridze A. , Świetlik T. , Skierbiszewski C. , Feduniewicz‐Żmuda A. , Siekacz M. , Łucznik B. , Kamler G. , Kryśko M. , Suski T. , Perlin P. , Grzegory I. , Porowski S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDue to their undesirable spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations, nitride structures grown along polar directions are subject to high built‐in electric fields. A promising means of overcoming the effects related to built‐in electric fields and, thereby, obtaining higher quantum efficiencies is to grow nitrides along a non‐polar direction. It is our intention to report our recent progress on non‐polar homo‐epitaxial structures grown by PAMBE along the (11$/bar 2$0) non‐polar direction. As a substrate we used GaN bulk crystals grown by the High Pressure Solution method and overgrown by HVPE. As has been previously reported, non‐polar AlGaN/GaN quantum wells possess sharp excitonic lines. We are able to present optically pumped laser action on separate confinement heterostructures. Laser action is clearly proved by spontaneous emission saturation, abrupt line narrowing, and the strong TE polarization of output light. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of oxygen plasma treatment on the tribological properties of Si‐DLC coatings
Authors: Choi J. , Nakao S. , Ikeyama M. , Kato T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe cover picture of this issue of physica status solidi (c) has been taken from the article [1]. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robust design via simulation experiments: a modified dual response surface approach
Authors: Giovagnoli Alessandra , Romano Daniele 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe existing procedures for robust design, devised for physical experiments, may be too limiting when the system can be simulated by a computer model. In this paper we introduce a modification of the dual response surface modelling, which incorporates the option of stochastically simulating some of the noise factors when their probabilistic behaviour is known. Our method generalizes both the crossed and the combined array approaches and finds a natural application to integrated parameter and tolerance design. The method appears suitable for designing complex measurement systems and in this paper is applied to the design of a high‐precision optical profilometer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of resolution cycle times of corrective actions in mobile terminals
Authors: Mwegerano Anderson , Kytösaho Pekka , Liukkonen Timo , Tuominen Aulis 
Published: April 2008

AbstractResolution cycle times for resolving issues raised by customers is one of the essential factors for indication of the customer's satisfaction. The fact that there are many mobile terminals manufacturers implies that competition to grab and hold market share for a sustainable time is very strong. A forecasting model, based on a selected statistical distribution, is built up to give an estimation of the resolution time in three different category products. In this paper the model does not specify different failure symptoms reported by customers. Uncertainties and the reliability of the model buildup are discussed and example of an optimized correction action is given. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Classical and Hologram QSAR Studies on a Series of Inhibitors of Trypanosomatid Glyceraldehyde‐3‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Guido Rafael V. C. , Castilho Marcelo S. , Mota Sabrina G. R. , Oliva Glaucius , Andricopulo Adriano D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLeishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis are major causes of morbidity and mortality in both tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The current available drugs are limited, ineffective, and require long treatment regimens. Due to the high dependence of trypanosomatids on glycolysis as a source of energy, some glycolytic enzymes have been identified as attractive targets for drug design. In the present work, classical Two‐Dimensional Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships (2D QSAR) and Hologram QSAR (HQSAR) studies were performed on a series of adenosine derivatives as inhibitors of Leishmania mexicana Glyceraldehyde‐3‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase (LmGAPDH). Significant correlation coefficients (classical QSAR, r2=0.83 and q2=0.81; HQSAR, r2=0.91 and q2=0.86) were obtained for the 56 training set compounds, indicating the potential of the models for untested compounds. The models were then externally validated using a test set of 14 structurally related compounds and the predicted values were in good agreement with the experimental results (classical QSAR, $\rm{ r_{{\rm{pred}}}^2 = 0.94}$; HQSAR, $\rm{ r_{{\rm{pred}}}^2 = 0.92}$).
The complex formation of tetracyclohexylammonium C1‐resorcinarene with various guests – an electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry study
Authors: Mäkinen Marko , Kalenius Elina , Neitola Raisa , Rissanen Kari , Vainiotalo Pirjo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe complex formation of a tetraammonium C1‐resorcinarene (R+4HCl) was studied using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI‐FTICR) mass spectrometry. Although R+4HCl easily loses its counter ions in the ESI process, a neutral self‐assembled structure with an intramolecular circular hydrogen‐bonded 16‐membered N+H ··· X− ··· HN+ array with ammonium ion as the charge‐giving species was observed in the gas phase. In addition to chloride, several other counter ions were also studied. The size and basicity of the counter ion as well as the size of the charge‐giving cation strongly affected the gas‐phase stability of the self‐assembled system. H/D exchange experiments showed that the ammonium substituents in the apical position of R affect the hydrogen‐bonding system in the resorcinarene. The complexation of the saturated dicarboxylic acids was found to depend on the length of the carbon chain. The rigidity of the molecular skeleton of the acid improved the complexation considerably. The orientation and position of the carboxylic groups also had an effect on the complexation and consequently enabled stereochemical differentiation of the acids. Mass spectrometric observations were supported by theoretical calculations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sample size determination for soft‐bottom sampling in large rivers and comparison with the chironomid pupal exuvial technique (CPET)
Authors: Raunio Janne , Anttila‐Huhtinen Marja 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOur objective in this study was to determine the adequate sample size for the use of grab sampling in the biomonitoring of large soft‐bottom rivers. We also compared two sampling methods, grab sampling and the Chironomid Pupal Exuvial Technique (CPET), in detecting anthropogenic impacts in a large boreal river and assessed the degree of concordance between the two data sets. Sample size determination showed that, at the lowest possible taxonomic level, a minimum of eight benthic samples was required to obtain a reliable picture of benthic communities. When using the CPET, the number of chironomid species was nearly twice that of all benthic macroinvertebrates in the grab samples. In addition, a majority of the chironomid species found in the grab samples was also detected using the CPET. Although both data sets indicated significant differences in benthic communities between the sampling sites in the river Kymi, a Mantel test showed that patterns in community composition were not concordant. This was mainly because benthic samples from the deep depositional areas of the river indicated poorer ecological status than did the CPET data, which integrate species from various depths and habitats. Thus, samples from a single macrohabitat may not adequately represent environmental conditions of large rivers. Overall, our results suggest that the CPET provides a reliable and cost‐effective alternative, or a supplementary assessment tool, to more traditional sampling methods when assessing anthropogenic stresses in large boreal rivers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Histogram Matching Approach for assessment of flow regime alteration: application to environmental flow optimization
Authors: Shiau Jenq‐Tzong , Wu Fu‐Chun 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper we present a Histogram Matching Approach (HMA) for assessment of the flow regime alteration. The HMA uses the degree of histogram dissimilarity as a metric for impact assessment, which is based on the quadratic‐form distance between the frequency vectors of the pre‐ and post‐impact histograms weighted by a specified similarity matrix. The HMA is coupled with an aggregated multiobjective optimization genetic algorithm and applied to a case study on the Kaoping diversion weir (Taiwan) for determining the optimal environmental flow scheme that balances the ecosystem and human needs objectives. Two key issues are addressed in this study. First, we compare the performances of the HMA and existing Range of Variability Approach (RVA). Second, we employ three types of similarity function to investigate their effect on the outcomes of the HMA. The results reveal that the HMA consistently outperforms the RVA in preserving the natural flow variability regardless of what type of similarity function is used. No single type of similarity function can be found that would simultaneously best preserve the natural patterns of 32 Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA). For the situations where the water‐supply reliability is of critical concern, the pulse similarity is recommended because it would assure the smallest water‐supply deficit. If, however, minor degradation in the water‐supply reliability may be overlooked, the linear similarity is suggested because it would generally result in the post‐impact flows that most satisfactorily resemble to the natural flow regime. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic analysis of water temperature reduction practices in a large river floodplain: an exploratory study of the Willamette River, Oregon
Authors: Seedang Saichon , Fernald Alexander G. , Adams Richard M. , Landers Dixon H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper examines ecosystem restoration practices that focus on water temperature reductions in the upper mainstem Willamette River, Oregon, for the benefit of endangered salmonids and other native cold‐water species. The analysis integrates hydrologic, natural science and economic models to determine the cost‐effectiveness of alternative water temperature reduction strategies. A temperature model is used to simulate the effects of combinations of upstream riparian shading and flow augmentations on downstream water temperatures. Costs associated with these strategies are estimated and consist of the opportunity costs of lost agricultural production and recreation opportunities due to flow releases from an up‐stream reservoir. Temperature reductions from another strategy, hyporheic flow enhancement, are also examined. Restoration strategies associated with enhanced hyporheic cooling consist of removal/reconnection of current obstacles to the creation of dynamic river channel complexity. The observed reduction of summer water temperatures associated with enhanced channel complexity indicates that restoring hyporheic flow processes is more likely to achieve cost‐effective temperature reductions and meet the total maximum daily load (TMDL) target than conventional approaches that rely on increased riparian shading or/and combinations of flow augmentation. Although the costs associated with the hyporheic flow enhancement approach are substantial, the effects of such a long‐term ecological improvement of the floodplain are expected to assist the recovery of salmonid populations and provide ancillary benefits to society. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalizing from clinical trial data: A case study. The risk of suicidality among pediatric antidepressant users
Authors: Greenhouse Joel B. , Kaizar Eloise E. , Kelleher Kelly , Seltman Howard , Gardner William 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFor the results of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and related meta‐analyses to be useful in practice, they must be relevant to a definable group of patients in a particular clinical setting. To the extent this is so, we say that the trial is generalizable or externally valid. Although concern about the generalizability of the results of RCTs is often discussed, there are few examples of methods for assessing the generalizability of clinical trial data. In this paper, we describe and illustrate an approach for making what we call generalizability judgments and illustrate the approach in the context of a case study of the risk of suicidality among pediatric antidepressant users. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.