bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell Therapy of Stage IV Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma With Autologous Epstein-Barr Virus–Targeted Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Authors: Comoli Patrizia , Pedrazzoli Paolo , Maccario Rita , Basso Sabrina , Carminati Ornella , Labirio Massimo , Schiavo Roberta , Secondino Simona , Frasson Chiara , Perotti Cesare , Moroni Mauro , Locatelli Franco , Siena Salvatore 
Published: October 2005

Purpose Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) –related malignancy expressing EBV antigens that are possible targets of cell therapy, including latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2). We conducted a clinical trial of EBV-targeted cell therapy with autologous virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for NPC refractory to conventional treatments. Patients and Methods Ten patients with EBV-related stage IV NPC in progression after conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy received intravenously autologous EBV-specific CTLs reactivated and expanded ex vivo from peripheral blood lymphocytes through stimulation with EBV-transformed autologous B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Toxicity, specific cellular immune responses, and clinical tumor responses were evaluated. Results EBV-specific CTLs could be generated in all patients and were predominantly CD3+/CD8+ T lymphocytes displaying specific killing of autologous EBV-LCL, autologous NPC cells as well as autologous targets bearing the EBV antigen LMP2. Patients received two to 23 infusions of EBV-specific CTLs that were well tolerated with the exception of grade 1 to 2 inflammatory reactions at the tumor site in two cases. Control of disease progression was obtained in six of 10 patients (two with partial response and four with stable disease). Analysis of interferon-γ–producing cells demonstrated an increased frequency of EBV-specific immunity, with appearance of LMP2-specific responses in four patients, of whom three had clinical benefit. Conclusion Cell therapy with EBV-targeted autologous CTLs is safe, induces LMP-2-specific immunologic responses, and is associated with objective responses and control of disease progression in patients with stage IV NPC resistant to conventional treatments.
Deepening and Extending the Quantum Principles in Chemistry
Authors: Nakatsuji Hiroshi 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
A brief summary of the author’s research projects for deepening and extending the quantum principles in chemistry is given. First, the structure of the exact wave function that is the solution of the Schrödinger equation was clarified and a method of calculating it starting from an approximate wave function is given. The singularity problem intrinsic to atoms and molecules was overcome, and a general method of solving the Schrödinger equation in an analytical form has been established. Quantum chemistry of excited states and ionized states is essential since it is difficult with experiments alone to explore this field due to the short lives of these species. The SAC-CI theory developed in the author’s groups offers a powerful method for investigating the chemistry of excited and ionized states. The energy gradient method incorporated into this program is particularly useful for studying geometries and reactions involving these states. The catalysis on a metal surface is a magic process that must be clarified with the help of quantum theory. The author studied it using his dipped adcluster model (DAM) that includes the effects of the free electrons of the bulk metal. The epoxidation reactions of ethylene and propylene were studied with this method. The NMR chemical shifts include much information about the valence electrons of molecular systems. The author clarified that the major electronic mechanisms of the chemical shifts could be attributed to the intrinsic atomic properties that are related to the position of the element in the periodic table. For the chemical shifts induced by heavy ligands, the relativistic effect is sometimes dominant. The spin-orbit effect is most important for light resonant nuclei. For heavier resonant nuclei, other spin-free relativistic effects and the electron correlation effects are also important and they strongly couple with each other, implying an existence of something “unexpected” in the chemistry of heavy elements. Finally, the strategy of the author’s study in quantum chemistry is shortly described.
Synthetic Strategy for Rational Design of Single-Chain Magnets
Authors: Miyasaka Hitoshi , Clérac Rodolphe 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
A magnetically-isolated one-dimensional chain can behave as if “magnet”— this sentence may be opposed to our common sense. In this review, we will show that a “magnet-like” behavior can effectively be found in only a magnetic spin chain. In 2001, which is almost forty years after the pioneering theoretical work of R. J. Glauber [J. Math. Phys., 4, 294 (1963)] on the dynamics of ferromagnetically-coupled Ising spin chains, the first experimental evidence of such behavior has been discovered in a real one-dimensional compound [A. Caneschi et al. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 40, 1760 (2001)]. In 2002, we have reported on a one-dimensional compound [Mn2(saltmen)2Ni(pao)2(py)2](ClO4)2 (saltmen2− = N,N′-(1,1,2,2-tetramethylethylene)bis(salicylideneiminato), pao− = pyridine-2-aldoximato, and py = pyridine) which can be considered as a chain of ferromagnetically-coupled anisotropic ST = 3 units [J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 12837 (2002)]. Magnetic measurements on this compound revealed the presence of slow relaxation and large field-dependent hysteresis of the magnetization at low temperatures. The topology of this chain is very close to the “ideal” chain imagined by Glauber and hence, still to date, the simplest system to probe the Glauber dynamics. By analogy to the Single-Molecule Magnets described in the introduction of this paper, we called this type of material: Single-Chain Magnet (SCM). To obtain simple SCM systems, we have developed a step-by-step synthetic strategy using primary and secondary building blocks to control the chemistry of the targeting materials and the physics of their characteristic magnetic properties. In this review, we will describe this synthetic strategy from the elementary building blocks to the final series of Single-Chain Magnets obtained since 2002. The magnetic properties of all these materials will be discussed in detail. In particular, the experimental SCM behavior will be described and analyzed in relation with the generalization of the Glauber model for real systems.
Design and Synthesis of Semi-Artificial Myoglobin Possessing DNA-Binding Peptides on Heme Propionates
Authors: Sakamoto Seiji , Kudo Kazuaki 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Peptides possessing the DNA-binding capability were successfully introduced into myoglobin by a cofactor-reconstitution strategy. We have designed and synthesized an artificial iron–protoporphyrin IX (heme)–peptide conjugate, Heme(br)2, which has covalently conjugated GCN4 basic region peptides at the heme propionate groups as an artificial DNA-binding site. The peptide Heme(br)2 was inserted into apomyoglobin to give a peptide-conjugated myoglobin, Mb(br)2. The UV–vis and circular dichroism spectra of Mb(br)2 were comparable to those of native myoglobin, suggesting that the heme environment and three-dimensional structure of Mb(br)2 were almost identical to those of native myoglobin. The size exclusion chromatography indicated that the Mb(br)2 existed as a monomeric form in an aqueous solution and interacted with its target DNA sequence [c-AMP responsive element (CRE)]. The fluorescence study also revealed that the Mb(br)2 bound CRE DNA effectively with 1/1 stoichiometry [affinity constant; 8.4 (±0.8) × 107 M−1]. Additionally, the CRE DNA-binding enhanced the peroxidase-like activity of Mb(br)2, possibly due to the partial structural perturbation around the heme active-site. These results demonstrate that the chemical modification of prosthetic group with functional peptides can provide a new strategy for the design of semi-artificial proteins with engineered function.
Gold Nanoparticles Stabilized by Tripod Thioether Oligomers: Synthesis and Molecular Dynamics Studies
Authors: Hosokawa Youichi , Maki Suguru , Nagata Toshi 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (1.5–1.7 nm) were prepared by use of three tripod thioether oligomers as stabilizing molecules. The particle sizes were independent of the sizes of the stabilizers, and were smaller than those stabilized with simpler thioethers. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to examine how the stabilizers adsorb on the nanoparticles. Parameters were developed for modeling the interactions between gold and organic molecules. Simulations in explicit chloroform solvent at 300 K revealed multiple-point adsorption of the stabilizers on the nanoparticles.
Electrocatalytic Reduction of Dioxygen on 9,10-Anthraquinones-Incorporated Clay-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Manisankar Paramasivam , Gomathi Anandhan 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The preparation and electrochemical characterization of 9,10-anthraquinones adsorbed clay-modified and anthraquinones–clay composite-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) were investigated. The influence of the pH on the electrochemical behavior and stability of the clay-modified electrodes (CMEs) were studied by cyclic voltammetry in acidic and neutral aqueous media. For the dioxygen reduction, anthraquinones adsorbed clay-modified electrodes possess good electrocatalytic abilities with overpotential ranging from 174 to 452 mV, lower than the bare GCE in the pH range 4.0–7.0; also, anthraquinones–clay composite-modified electrodes exhibited potent catalytic activities with an overpotential of about 128–421 mV lower than at a bare GCE at pH 7.0–8.0. The diffusion coefficients of mediators in clay films were evaluated by chronoamperometric techniques. Chronocoulometric studies showed the involvement of two electrons in the reduction of anthraquinones and four electrons in dioxygen reduction at the optimum pH. In addition, hydrodynamic voltammetric studies were performed to determine the mass-specific activity of the anthraquinones used, the heterogeneous rate constants for the reduction of O2 at the surface of modified electrodes and the apparent diffusion coefficient of O2 in aqueous O2-saturated buffer solutions.
Mass Spectrometric and Spectroscopic Studies on Hydrolysis of Phosphoesters by Bis(μ-acetato)-μ-phenolato Dinuclear Metal(II) Complexes (Metal = Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn)
Authors: Jikido Reiko , Shiraishi Hitomi , Matsufuji Kanako , Ohba Masaaki , Furutachi Hideki , Suzuki Masatatsu , Okawa Hisashi 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Dinuclear metal(II) complexes of 2,6-bis{N-[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl]iminomethyl}-4-methylphenol (HL), [Mn2(L)(AcO)2(NCS)] (1), [Co2(L)(AcO)2]BPh4 (2), [Ni2(L)(AcO)2(MeOH)]BPh4 (3), and [Zn2(L)(AcO)2]BPh4 (4), have been examined as regards their hydrolytic activity toward tris(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (TNP) and hydrogen bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (HBNP) by means of mass spectrometric methods as well as UV–visible spectroscopic methods. All the complexes hydrolyze TNP to BNP− in the relative activity of 4 &gt; 2 &gt; 1 &gt;&gt; 3. It is found that one AcO− group of [M2(L)(AcO)2]+ is replaced with BNP−, arising from the hydrolysis of TNP, affording [M2(L)(AcO)(bnp)]+ in an equilibrium with [M2(L)(AcO)2]+: [M2(L)(AcO)2]+ + BNP− [M2(L)(AcO)(bnp)]+ + AcO−. In the reaction of HBNP with 1–4, [M2(L)(AcO)(bnp)]+ is produced in the equilibrium with [M2(L)(AcO)2]+, and the bound BNP− is slowly hydrolyzed in the case of M = Mn and Co. The bound BNP− of [Ni2(L)(AcO)(bnp)]+ is barely hydrolyzed and the bound BNP− of [Zn2(L)(AcO)(bnp)]+ is practically not hydrolyzed. The relevance of the complexes to phosphotriesterase and phosphodiesterase is discussed.
Comparison of 8-Quinolinol Derivatives as Carriers for the Collection of Heavy Metals with Emulsion Globules
Authors: Matsumiya Hiroaki , Ohkouchi Ryohei , Hiraide Masataka 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
A series of 8-quinolinol derivatives has been examined as carriers for the collection of heavy metals with water-in-oil emulsion globules. The emulsion was prepared by dissolving 50 μmol of 8-quinolinol derivative and 30 mg of Span-80 (sorbitan monooleate) in 2.0 cm3 of toluene and vigorously mixing with 0.50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid by ultrasonic irradiation. The resulting emulsion was gradually injected into 25 cm3 of sample solution [containing 0.10 μg each of Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II)] at pH 4–8 and dispersed by stirring for 10 min as numerous tiny globules. When working with the parent compound, 8-quinolinol, Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) were effectively transported through the toluene layer into the internal aqueous phase of the emulsion. However, Pb(II) was not transported at all. The derivatives of 5,7-dichloro-, 2-methyl-, and 5-octyloxymethyl-8-quinolinol were not useful for the simultaneous collection of the heavy metals. On the other hand, Kelex-100 (7-dodecenyl-8-quinolinol) allowed a nearly quantitative (more than 90%) collection of all the metals at pH 7–8. The effects of the substituents on the metal-collection efficiency are discussed in terms of the acidity and hydrophobicity of the carriers.
μ-Hydroxo-μ-phenolato Dinuclear Nickel(II) Complexes in a Mixed-Spin State and Their Urea Adduct as Relevance to the Urease Active Site
Authors: Amase Rie , Shiraishi Hitomi , Miyasato Yuji , Ohba Masaaki , Okawa Hisashi 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Dinucleating compartmental ligands (2,6-bis{N-[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl]iminomethyl}-4-methylphenol (HL1) and 2-{N-[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl]iminomethyl}-6-{N-methyl-N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]aminomethyl}-4-methylphenol (HL2)) have afforded the following dinuclear nickel(II) complexes: [Ni2(L1)(OH)(py)(H2O)](ClO4)2·H2O (1), [Ni2(L2)(OH)(MeOH)(H2O)](ClO4)2·CH3CN (2), and [Ni2(L2)(OH)(dmf)2](ClO4)2 (3). X-ray crystallographic studies for 1 and 3 have clarified a μ-hydroxo-μ-phenolato dinuclear structure in a mixed-spin state with one pseudo octahedral Ni(II) (S = 1) and one planar Ni(II) (S = 0). The urea adducts, [Ni2(L1)(OH)(urea)(H2O)](ClO4)2·H2O (1′) and [Ni2(L2)(OH)(urea)(H2O)](ClO4)2 (2′), were prepared by the reaction of 1 and 2 with urea, respectively, and were structurally characterized to be in the mixed-spin state. The relevance of 1′ and 2′ to urease is discussed.
The Yukawa–Tsuno Relationship for the β-Silicon Effect in the Solvolysis Rates of 2-(Aryldimethylsilyl)ethyl Chlorides
Authors: Fujio Mizue , Uchida Mai , Okada Ayumi , Alam Md Ashadul , Fujiyama Ryoji , Siehl Hans-Ullrich , Tsuno Yuho 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Solvolysis rates of 2-(aryldimethylsilyl)ethyl chlorides were determined conductimetrically in 60% (v/v) aqueous ethanol. The effects of aryl substituents at the silyl atom on the solvolysis rates at 50 °C were correlated with essentially nonresonant parameters of r = 0.10 in terms of Yukawa–Tsuno (Y–T) Eq. 1, giving a ρ value of −1.75. Such a high ρ value may be regarded as the effect of aryl ring on the bridged Si in the rate-determining step. The Si-bridging is consistent with the fact that the solvolysis of the unsubstituted substrate with d2-labeled ethylene moiety gave substitution products with label scrambling. The arylsilyl substituent effects were likewise analyzed for several relevant sets of β-silyl systems in order to ascertain significant variations of ρ values from system to system; Y–T Eq. 1 correlated quite excellently with essentially nonresonant sigmas of negligible resonance demand (r 0.10), to exhibit significant variations of ρ from −1.75 to −0.95.
Photocontrol of Micelle Triggered by Malachite Green Carrying a Long Alkyl Chain
Authors: M. Uda Ryoko , Kimura Keiichi 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
A Malachite Green derivative carrying a long alkyl chain has been designed to realize the photoinduced uptake of oily substances based on its photogenerated amphiphilicity. NMR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the solubility of benzene in cetyltrimethylammoium chloride solution with Malachite Green carrying a long alkyl chain. We found that UV irradiation drastically increased the solubility of benzene in the system of Malachite Green carrying a long alkyl chain. The results for the photoinduced solubilization are in good agreement with the photoionization ratio of Malachite Green carrying a long alkyl chain, which can play an important role in the control of molecular assemblies.
Copolymerization of Ethylene with Methylenecyclopropanes Promoted by Cobalt and Nickel Complexes
Authors: Takeuchi Daisuke , Anada Kouhei , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The cobalt and nickel complexes promote addition polymerization of substituted methylenecyclopropanes as well as their copolymerization with ethylene to afford the polymers that contain three-membered rings. The homopolymerization of 2-aryl-1-methylenecyclopropane catalyzed by [CoCl2(L)]–MMAO (L = bis(1-iminoalkyl)pyridine ligand) at −40 °C produces the polymers with a narrow molecular weight distribution. The copolymer of ethylene and 2-aryl-1-methylenecyclopropane is also obtained by using the same catalyst. The ratio of the two monomer units varies in the range from 0 to 0.5 depending on the concentration of ethylene and 2-aryl-1-methylenecyclopropane. 13C{1H} NMR spectrum of the alternating copolymer exhibits a single sharp signal for each carbon of the repeating units. Ethylene and 7-methylenebicyclo[4.1.0]heptane also undergo alternating copolymerization to produce the polymer having the C4 repeating unit containing a bicyclic group. Heating the polymer at 130 °C causes ring-opening isomerization to afford the polymer having a C=C double bond in the main chain. Mixtures of [Ni(π-C3H5)Br]2, a diimine ligand, and cocatalysts such as NaBARF and Et2AlCl, initiate the copolymerization of ethylene with 2-aryl-1-methylenecyclopropane to give a random copolymer with a low molecular weight (Mn = 1000–2000).
Threadlike Micelles Controlling Viscosities of Cement Slurry
Authors: Yamamuro Hotaka , Koyanagi Koji , Takahashi Hiromichi 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The threadlike micelle of a cationic surfactant: cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), containing anionic aromatic substances has been formed with unique rheological properties in strong electrolyte aqueous solutions and slurry using an inorganic powder such as cement. The threadlike micelle can be used as a high-efficiency viscosity agent for cement slurry.
Overchoice and Assortment Type: When and Why Variety Backfires
Authors: Gourville John T. , Soman Dilip 
Published: October 2005

Almost universally, research and practice suggest that a brand that increases its product assortment, or variety, should benefit through increased market share. In this paper, we show this is not always the case. We introduce the construct “assortment type” and demonstrate that the effect of assortment size on brand share is systematically moderated by assortment type. We define an “alignable” assortment as a set of brand variants that differ along a single, compensatory dimension such that choosing from that assortment only requires within-attribute trade-offs. In contrast, we define a “nonalignable” assortment as a set of brand variants that simultaneously vary along multiple, noncompensatory dimensions, demanding between-attribute trade-offs. In turn, we argue that an alignable assortment can efficiently meet the diverse tastes of consumers, thereby increasing brand share, but that a nonalignable assortment increases both the cognitive effort and the potential for regret faced by a consumer, thereby decreasing brand share. We term this effect “overchoice.” Across three studies, we provide evidence of overchoice and tie the effect to the effort and regret brought about by nonalignability. In the process, we demonstrate that simplification of information presentation, reversibility of choice, and a reduction in underlying nonalignability serve to reduce or eliminate this effect.
Highly Structured AsianDrosophila melanogasterPopulations: A New Tool for Hitchhiking Mapping?
Authors: Schlötterer Christian , Neumeier Hannah , Sousa Carla , Nolte Viola 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMark-recapture experiments showed that D. melanogaster has high dispersal capabilities. Consistent with a highly migratory species, only very low levels of differentiation were described for D. melanogaster populations from the same continent. We reinvestigated the population structure in D. melanogaster using 49 polymorphic markers in 23 natural populations. While European and American D. melanogaster populations showed very low differentiation, Asian D. melanogaster populations were highly structured. Despite the high differentiation of Asian flies, we confirm that all non-African populations are derived from a single colonization event. We propose that the availability of D. melanogaster populations with high and low population structure provides a novel tool for the identification of ecologically important adaptations by hitchhiking mapping.
Interactions of UNC-34 Enabled With Rac GTPases and the NIK Kinase MIG-15 in Caenorhabditis elegans Axon Pathfinding and Neuronal Migration
Authors: Shakir M Afaq , Gill Jason S , Lundquist Erik A 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Many genes that affect axon pathfinding and cell migration have been identified. Mechanisms by which these genes and the molecules they encode interact with one another in pathways and networks to control developmental events are unclear. Rac GTPases, the cytoskeletal signaling molecule Enabled, and NIK kinase have all been implicated in regulating axon pathfinding and cell migration. Here we present evidence that, in Caenorhabditis elegans, three Rac GTPases, CED-10, RAC-2, and MIG-2, define three redundant pathways that each control axon pathfinding, and that the NIK kinase MIG-15 acts in each Rac pathway. Furthermore, we show that the Enabled molecule UNC-34 defines a fourth partially redundant pathway that acts in parallel to Rac/MIG-15 signaling in axon pathfinding. Enabled and the three Racs also act redundantly to mediate AQR and PQR neuronal cell migration. The Racs and UNC-34 Ena might all control the formation of actin-based protrusive structures (lamellipodia and filopodia) that mediate growth cone outgrowth and cell migration. MIG-15 does not act with the three Racs in execution of cell migration. Rather, MIG-15 affects direction of PQR neuronal migration, similar to UNC-40 and DPY-19, which control initial Q cell polarity, and Wnt signaling, which acts later to control Q cell-directed migration. MIG-2 Rac, which acts with CED-10 Rac, RAC-2 Rac, and UNC-34 Ena in axon pathfinding and cell migration, also acts with MIG-15 in PQR directional migration.