bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic differences in serum-neutralization titers of pigs after vaccination with pseudorabies modified live-virus vaccine
Authors: Rothschild M. F. , Hill H. T. , Christian L. L. , Warner C. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four-week-old pigs of the Chester White, Duroc, Hampshire, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds (n = 518) were vaccinated with a pseudorabies modified live-virus vaccine to determine whether genetic differences existed for immune response after vaccination. All pigs and their dams (sows) were tested before vaccination to determine preimmunization antibody titers, using a microtitration serum-neutralization (sn) test. The sn test results of sows were negative, as were preimmunization tests of the pigs. At 4 weeks after pigs were vaccinated, additional blood samples were collected from the pigs, and end-point sn titers were determined, using a 2-fold dilution scheme. Small, but statistically significant, breed differences existed for antibody response, with Yorkshire and Chester White pigs having the highest response, and Duroc and Landrace pigs, the lowest. Differences among sire progeny groups were small, but there were significant differences among dams. Genetic differences as seen by differences among breeds indicates that the efficacy of vaccines may vary from breed to breed and that vaccine trials should not neglect this potential source of variation.
Antibiotic resistance of members of the genus Salmonella isolated from chickens, turkeys, cattle, and swine in the United States during October 1981 through September 1982
Authors: Blackburn Billie O. , Schlater Linda K. , Swanson Merrill R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Members of the genus Salmonella isolated from chickens, turkeys, cattle, and swine and submitted to the National Veterinary Services Laboratories for serotyping during October 1981 through September 1982 were tested for sensitivity to 12 antibacterial drugs. A total of 3,500 isolates was tested.
A high rate of drug resistance was observed. Three cultures were resistant to each of the drugs and 30% were resistant to each drug except chloramphenicol, cephalothin, and gentamicin. Multiple resistance patterns were observed for 80% of the cultures with an even higher percentage in cultures from swine.
Effect of acetohydroxamic acid on dissolution of canine struvite uroliths
Authors: Krawiec Donald R. , Osborne Carl A. , Leininger Joel R. , Griffith Donald P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Long-term administration of acetohydroxamic acid to dogs with experimentally induced urease-positive staphylococcal urinary tract infections and struvite urolithiasis resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of urolith growth or urolith dissolution. Inhibition of urolith growth was associated with drug dose-dependent reduction of urine urease activity, urine pH, crystalluria, pyuria, hematuria, and proteinuria. Lesions of the urinary tract of dogs treated with acetohydroxamic acid were less severe than those of control dogs. Dose-dependent adverse drug reactions included reversible hemolytic anemia, abnormal red cell morphology, and abnormalities of bilirubin metabolism.
Induction of abortion in the bitch with a synthetic prostaglandin analog
Authors: Shille V. M. , Dorsey Deborah , Thatcher Marie-Joelle 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eight mixed-breed bitches in the middle (30 to 35 days) and late 3rd (53 to 56 days) of gestation were given 20 μg of synthetic prostaglandin analog/kg of body weight, im (4 bitches) or the polyethylene glycol vehicle, im (4 bitches). Bitches treated with prostaglandin aborted 2 days after treatment, whereas bitches given the vehicle delivered live pups at term. Luteolysis occurred within 24 hours of treatment, as shown by rapidly declining plasma progesterone concentrations. Microscopic signs of luteal degeneration were seen in ovaries removed 5 days after treatment. Three bitches erroneously designated as pregnant were treated during anestrus and had no marked changes in plasma progesterone or in gross and microscopic appearance of the reproductive tract. Serum alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities were increased slightly in 4 bitches on the day after treatment, but values declined to base-line values 24 hours later. Treatment side effects included panting, salivation, vomiting, repeated defecation, and transient pain at the injection site.
Essential fatty acid requirements of cats: Pathology of essential fatty acid deficiency
Authors: MacDonald Marnie L. , Anderson Bruce C. , Rogers Quinton R. , Buffington Charles A. , Morris James G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The pathologic changes of essential fatty acid (efa) deficiency were studied in specific-pathogen-free, domestic shorthair cats which were fed purified diets for 1.5 to 2.5 years. Cats fed an efa-deficient diet exhibited signs of deficiency: severe fatty degeneration of the liver, excessive fat in the kidneys, dystrophic mineralization of the adrenal glands, degeneration of the testes, and hyperkeratosis of the skin. Minor clinical pathologic changes were consistent with liver damage. Fatty acid analyses of plasma lipids revealed low concentrations of linoleate and other n6-fatty acids, and high concentrations of n7- and n9-fatty acids, consistent with efa deficiency.
These signs of deficiency were prevented by including safflower seed oil in the diet at a concentration to supply linoleate at 6.7% of dietary energy. Therefore, linoleate is an efa for the cat, despite negligible conversion of linoleate to arachidonate in cat liver. However, in cats fed a diet containing linoleate, but lacking arachidonate, there was mild mineralization of the kidneys, and the neutral fat content of the liver was slightly higher than that of cats fed a diet containing arachidonate and other long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Also, 2 of the 19 cats fed arachidonate-deficient diets developed unusual inflammatory skin lesions.
In cats fed a diet containing hydrogenated coconut oil, safflower seed oil, and chicken fat, fatty livers developed despite the presence of high levels of linoleate. The fatty livers appeared to result from a specific deleterious effect of the medium-chain triglycerides in hydrogenated coconut oil.
Most of the organ pathologic changes of efa deficiency in the cat can be prevented by feeding dietary linoleate. Linoleate meets the efa requirement for functions which depend on proper membrane structure: growth, lipid transport, normal skin and coat condition, and maintenance of the epidermal permeability barrier. However, dietary arachidonate is required by the cat for functions which depend on eicosanoid formation, such as reproduction and blood platelet aggregation.
Electromyographic and urethral pressure profilometry: Long-term assessment of urethral function after perineal urethrostomy in cats
Authors: Gregory C. R. , Vasseur P. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Urethral pressure and electromyographic profiles were recorded in 18 adult male cats about 61 months after perineal urethrostomy was done. The loss of striated sphincter function postoperatively was reversible in some cats. The increased frequency of bacterial urinary tract infection seen in cats postoperatively after perineal urethrostomy cannot be explained by compromised urethral sphincter function alone.
Pharmacokinetics of 4-aminopyridine in horses
Authors: Kitzman Joseph V. , Wilson Robert C. , Booth Nicholas H. , Hendricks H. Lamar , Bush Parshall B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The pharmacokinetics of 4-aminopyridine (4-ap), a drug capable of antagonizing nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs, as well as several classes of injectable sedative and anesthetic agents, were studied in 6 intact, awake horses. Plasma samples were assayed for 4-ap over a frequent sampling schedule for 8 hours after iv administration. The plasma 4-ap vs time data best fit a 2-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Distribution half-life was 7.4 minutes, elimination half-life was 259 minutes, volume of the central compartment was 0.89 L/kg, volume of distribution (area) was 1.98 L/kg, volume of distribution at steady state was 1.9 L/kg, and total clearance was 5.3 ml min−1 kg−1. The 259-minute elimination half-life observed in the present study is consistent with prolonged clinical effectiveness observed in a previous study of antagonism of xylazine/ketamine anesthesia by 4-ap in horses.
Relationship between the antibody-complement susceptibility of smooth Salmonella cholerae-suis var kunzendorf strains and their virulence for mice and pigs
Authors: Griffith Ronald W. , Kramer Theodore T. , Pohlenz Joachim F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In the present work, we attempted to characterize 4 field strains of Salmonella cholerae-suis var kunzendorf susceptible to antibody and complement (Ab-C), and 4 strains not susceptible to Ab-C, with respect to their virulence for mice and pigs. In vivo growth of an Ab-C-susceptible, mouse-virulent strain in the spleens of mice exceeded that of 2 Ab-C-susceptible, but mouse-avirulent strains by at least 104 organisms. Comparison of Ab-C susceptibility with virulence for pigs seemed to indicate that parallelism existed between Ab-C susceptibility and avirulence, except for strain 38, which was Ab-C susceptible yet virulent. There was agreement between virulence for mice and pigs, except for strains 10 and 61, which were avirulent for mice but relatively virulent for pigs. The 3 strain criteria under comparison (ie, Ab-C susceptibility, virulence for mice, and virulence for pigs) suggested only partial relatedness. Vaccination of pigs with the least virulent strain was found to protect them against challenge exposure with the most virulent strain, indicating that virulence factors may not be associated with immunogenicity.
Abortion in sows experimentally infected with African swine fever virus: Clinical features
Authors: Schlafer Donald H. , Mebus Charles A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirteen sows between 38 and 92 days of pregnancy were exposed oronasally to African swine fever virus (1979 Dominican Republic isolate) to determine whether infection would affect their reproductive performance.
Abortions occurred in sows in all stages of pregnancy. Of 11 sows, 7 aborted 5 to 8 (6.1 ± 0.90) days after inoculation or 0 to 3 (1.4 ± 0.98) days after fever development. Abortions occurred soon after clinical signs of infection first developed and viremia titers peaked. Swelling of the vulva and treading preceded abortion in some sows. Ecchymotic placental and petechial cutaneous hemorrhages were present in 6 of 13 and 9 of 13 litters, respectively.
African swine fever was transmitted to 2 healthy barrows by feeding fetal tissues collected from 1 inoculated sow. All inoculated sows not killed, died, precluding further study of neonates from infected sows.
Restricted dietary chloride and sodium bicarbonate supplementation in early lactation Holstein cows: Cerebrospinal fluid electrolyte alterations
Authors: Fettman M. J. , Chase L. E. , Bentinck-Smith J. , Coppock C. E. , Zinn S. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
As part of an experiment designed to study the acute and chronic metabolic changes associated with dietary chloride (Cl) restriction and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) supplementation in cows in early lactation, base-line and final experimental csf specimens were collected to evaluate the relative effects of a nutritional Cl deficiency on serum and csf electrolyte concentrations. Attention was paid to the comparative alterations in serum and csf Cl concentrations as an indication of the potential for the choroid plexus active Cl transport mechanism to conserve csf Cl concentrations in the face of total body Cl depletion.
Serum Cl values in cows fed the restricted Cl diets decreased from 96.4 ± 3.5 mEq/L to 83.4 ± 4.5 mEq/L in a 2-week trial and from 106.0 ± 2.8 mEq/L to 75.5 ± 6.7 mEq/L in an 8-week trial, as an indication of a nutritional Cl deficiency. Healthy cows maintained csf Cl concentrations approximately 20% higher than the serum values, whereas cows fed a diet containing 0.10% Cl and 0.70% NaHCO3 for 2 weeks maintained csf Cl values at 134.8% of the serum Cl concentrations, and csf Cl concentrations in cows given a diet with 0.10% Cl and 0.80% NaHCO3 for 8 weeks increased to 137.2% of the serum Cl values.
Effects of benzimidazole anthelmintics on the survival and migratory behavior of Toxocara canis larvae in the mouse
Authors: Abdel-Hameed Ahmed Awad 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nine benzimidazole anthelmintics—thiabendazole, mebendazole, fenbendazole, cambendazole, flubendazole, albendazole, parbendazole, oxibendazole, and oxfendazole—were tested for their larvicidal effects and capabilities to inhibit migration of larval Toxocara canis in mice. The drugs were administered in medicated diets containing 0.1% (w/w) of the pure compounds (130 to 160 mg/kg each day), starting 24 hours after oral inoculation with 500 infective eggs. Groups of mice were continued on medicated diets until day 8 after inoculation when half of the mice were killed; the other half were placed on normal diet and killed on day 22 after inoculation. Control groups were killed at the same times and the numbers of larvae recovered in pepsin digests of the liver, lungs, and carcass, as well as in press preparations of brain, were recorded. In mice killed after 8 days of treatment, all of the compounds except thiabendazole produced significant arrest of the migrating larvae in the liver. In mice given the normal diet for 2 weeks after termination of treatment with the different drugs, the percentages of larvae that remained in the liver showed wide variation. Significant larvicidal effects were observed only in mice treated with albendazole, oxfendazole, and cambendazole.
Effects of gentamicin solution and cream on the healing of open wounds
Authors: Lee A. H. , Swaim S. F. , Yang S. T. , Wilken L. O. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
When 0.1% gentamicin solution was applied to full-thickness skin wounds of dogs, the wounds became smaller by contraction during the first 7 days and continued to contract over the next 14 days. Wounds treated with 0.1% gentamicin cream enlarged during the first 7 days, followed by wound contraction over the next 14 days. The wounds treated with gentamicin solution also had more epithelialization at 7 days than did the cream-treated wounds; however, epithelialization of the 2 types of wounds was similar at 14 and at 21 days. Gentamicin solution and cream were effective in controlling bacterial growth on wounds when compared with the bacterial growth on the control wounds (not treated with antibiotics).
Survey of thyroglobulin autoantibodies in dogs
Authors: Haines Deborah M. , Lording P. M. , Penhale W. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect autoantibodies to thyroglobulin in dogs with and without clinical evidence of thyroid disease. Autoantibodies were found in 59% of 34 clinically hypothyroid dogs, 43% of 65 dogs with nonthyroidal endocrine diseases, 47% of 64 healthy dogs closely related to antibody-positive canine hospital patients, and 13% of 1,057 canine hospital patients without endocrine disorders.
Dogs with bacterial skin disease and alopecia of unknown causes had an increased prevalence of autoantibodies compared with the prevalence of autoantibodies in healthy dogs and dogs with other diseases. Three breeds of dogs, Great Danes, Irish Setters, and Old English Sheepdogs, had an increased occurrence of autoantibodies compared with that in other breeds and dogs of mixed breeding. A familial tendency to thyroid autoimmunity was demonstrated in a group of Great Dane dogs. The occurrence of autoantibodies was not influenced by age or sex.
Thyroid function, as assessed by total thyroxine estimation, was depressed in hospitalized dogs compared with the thyroid function in healthy dogs, irrespective of thyroglobulin-antibody status. Two of 11 autoantibody-positive dogs monitored for an 18-month period developed low thyroxine concentration and depressed thyroid responsiveness to exogenous thyrotropin stimulation.
Effects of voltage and order of voltage application on seminal characteristics of electroejaculates of the domestic cat
Authors: Pineda M. H. , Dooley M. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two experiments were performed to determine the effects of voltage and order of voltage application on the volume and number of spermatozoa of electroejaculates collected sequentially from the domestic cat. An electroejaculate was defined as the seminal fluid and spermatozoa obtained during the application of 60 electrical stimuli. Four electroejaculates were obtained from each cat once a week for 4 weeks. In experiment 1, a stepwise increase in voltage (1, 2, 4, and 8 V) was used in a factorial design to obtain successive electroejaculates from 9 cats. The volume of electroejaculate was not affected by cat, voltage, or week of collection (P > 0.05) and the interactions cat × voltage and week of collection × voltage also were not significant (P > 0.05). Number of spermatozoa of electroejaculates was affected by cat (P < 0.001) and voltage (P < 0.025), and the interaction cat × voltage also was significant (P < 0.001). The number of spermatozoa of electroejaculates was not affected by week of collection (P > 0.05), and the interaction week of collection × voltage also was not significant (P > 0.05). The number of spermatozoa in electroejaculates collected with 4 or 8 V were greater (P < 0.05) than the number of spermatozoa in electroejaculates collected with 1 or 2 V. Stimulation with 8 V resulted in urine contamination of some electroejaculates. In experiment 2, a latin square design was used to determine the effects of voltage (1, 2, 4, and 6 Y), electroejaculate sequence, and order of the 4 voltages in the sequence on seminal characteristics of electroejaculates from 8 cats. Volume of electroejaculate was not affected by cat, voltage, order of voltages, electroejaculate sequence, or week of collection (P > 0.05). Number of spermatozoa in the electroejaculates was affected by voltage (P < 0.01) and electroejaculate sequence (P < 0.001), but was not affected by cat, week of collection, or order of voltages within a sequence of voltages (P > 0.05). The 2nd electroejaculate of the sequence contained a greater (P < 0.05) number of spermatozoa than did the 1st, 3rd, or 4th electroejaculate. Urine contamination was not observed in electroejaculates collected with 6 V.
The number of spermatozoa of electroejaculates from the domestic cat is dependent upon the voltage of stimulation and number of stimuli given. There appears to be separate voltage thresholds for the release of seminal fluid and spermatozoa in the domestic cat.
Experimental Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in lambs
Authors: Brogden K. A. , Cutlip R. C. , Lehmkuhl H. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lambs were inoculated iv with 3.2 × 103 colony forming units (cfu) to 3.2 × 106 cfu of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from a 6-hour broth culture supplemented with 0.1% sorbitan monooleate. After 28 days, multiple abscesses were observed in the lungs and lymph nodes. The number of abscesses in the lungs correlated with the inoculation dose. Two lambs given 105 cfu and 106 cfu died. Multiple abscesses occurred in other lambs given 106 cfu to 104 cfu and few abscesses occurred in lambs given 103 cfu. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was isolated from lung abscesses, inoculation site abscesses, and lymph node abscesses, but not from normal tissues. Because this procedure consistently induced abscesses in the lungs, we believe it will be a suitable challenge system for studies on the prevention of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep.
Epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in the Mexicali Valley, Mexico: Data gathering and survey results
Authors: Salman Mowafak D. , Meyer Margaret E. , Hird David W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Data for path analysis on the epidemiology of bovine brucellosis were gathered from 184 premises in Mexicali Valley, Mexico, that had dairy cattle, swine, and/or goats. Each farmer manager or owner was interviewed, using a pretested set of questions, and the livestock on the premises were serotested for Brucella antibodies. The focus in gathering these data was to identify the characteristics of premises with seropositive cattle in comparison with characteristics of premises with no seropositive cattle.
Research needs on internal parasites of horses
Authors: Klei Thomas R. , Bello Thomas R. , Clayton Hilary M. , DiPietro J. A. , Drudge J. H. , Lyons E. T. , Moore James N. , Slocombe J. O. D. , Stiller David 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The importance of the horse industry to the economy of the United States and the impact of parasitic infections on the industry are well documented. However, contemporary research activity on internal parasites of horses has not kept pace with growth of the horse population. Parasitic infections are a major facet of enteritis and colic in horses. Parasites are also associated with poor growth and development, respiratory tract disease, dermatitis, and CNS lesions. Babesia infections remain a threat to horses imported from some regions of the world.
Most research activity has dealt with the development of new antiparasitic drugs. Efforts must be made to integrate these studies with observations on the bionomics of parasites in different regions and under different management conditions into more effective and less costly integrated parasite control programs. Increased research activity concerning the pathogenesis and immune response to equine parasitic infections is also necessary. A better understanding of these factors will lead to improved diagnostic, treatment, and preventative measures. Specific research objectives designed to produce short-term and long-term benefits are suggested.
Age-related renal, hematologic, and hemostatic abnormalities in FH/Wjd rats
Authors: Urizar R. E. , Cerda J. , Dodds W. J. , Raymond S. L. , Largent J. A. , Simon R. , Gilboa Ν. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
This longitudinal study compared the renal morphologic changes and hemostatic defects of FH/Wjd rats at different ages. A second aim was to determine whether the bleeding tendency becomes intensified in older animals by the concomitant renal disease. Results indicated that reduced capacity for platelet 14C-serotonin release (P < 0.01) was found for each age group studied in comparison with Wistar controls. The nephropathy of old FH/ Wjd male rats was more severe than that in either FH/ Wjd females or age-matched Wistars of both sexes. The mesangial lesions showed abundant deposits of factor VIII-related antigen, fibronectin, and immunoglobulins, but not C3, along with tightly packed or loose electron-dense material. Polyethylene glycol precipitation and platelet aggregation tests detected smalt amounts of circulating immune complex-like material. Old FH/Wjd rats did not develop edema, and the glomerular filtration rate remained normal despite the persistent proteinuria, hematuria, and arterial hypertension characteristic of this strain. Our data indicated that the congenital platelet dysfunction does not become more severe in older animals and that the nephropathy seems unrelated, does not appear to be mediated by immune complexes, and, in contrast to the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis of persons, the lesions progress without a parallel impairment of renal function.