bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring fertility practices in Mattrouh Governorate in Egypt
Authors: Oraby Doaa , Amin Tarek Tawfik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background: Egypt’s National Population Council (NPC) is the body responsible for shaping the population policies in the country through research endeavors and proposing strategic directions. To support its’ mission, NPC conducts studies on alarming indicators emerging from 2021 Egypt’s Family Health Survey in selected governorates. The current study focuses on Mattrouh, a frontier governorate with high fertility rates, low contraceptive prevalence, wide spreading childhood marriage, and with large family size. The study aims to understand barriers and opportunities related to relevant fertility practices.
Methods: The research adopted qualitative methodology using focus group discussions (FGDs) in addition to desk review. Nine FGDs were conducted with married women, married men, mothers–in-law and community leaders from different regions within Matrouh governorate. The participants were recruited by the NPC branch in Mattrouh.
Results: Misconceptions about the safety of modern FP methods are dominated among users, inadequate acknowledgement of maternal and neonatal health risks of teenage pregnancies coupled with closely spaced births and limited knowledge about prerequisites for using traditional lactational amenorrhea as a family planning method were among the norms in this community and endorsed by the cultural values and motives.
Conclusion: Fertility practices are linked to deeply rooted beliefs embedded in the social fabric of this Bedwin and remote community. Sustained behavior change interventions including mass media programming and interpersonal communications addressing the prevalent FP related misconceptions and myths, combating childhood marriage, are increasingly important to improve the fertility practices and build demand for and continued use of FP services.
Effects of the diet of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.l. on its resistance to an insecticide
Authors: K.N. Cissé , J.C. Koella , B. Koudou G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Although genes responsible for resistance of mosquitoes against insecticides are common throughout malarious areas, it is not clear how much they affect the epidemiology of malaria, for resistance can be strongly affected by the environment. We therefore focused on the diet of Anopheles gambiae, an important aspect of their environment, with two experiments investigating how sugar and blood meals affect their resistance to deltamethrin. The first focused on sugar meals taken from different plants and on the time between the blood meal and the exposure to the insecticide. Mosquitoes had continuous access to Tevethia nerifolia, Ixora coccinea or Mandalium coromandelianum as sugar meals, and half of the mosquitoes received a blood meal. After 15–18 hours (i.e., at a time when digestive genes are upregulated) or 60–63 hours (i.e., after digestion) we exposed them to 0.5% deltamethrin for one hour and measured the proportion of mosquitoes that were knocked down during the exposure and that died within the next 24 hours. The plant had no effect on the rates of mortality or knock-down. If the mosquitoes were exposed earlier, blood-feds were 22.7% less likely to die and 10.0% less likely to be knocked down than unfeds,, but if they were exposed later, blood-feeding increased mortality by 8.7% and knock-down by 14.0%. In the second experiment, we explored how the sugar-meal (consisting of the same three plants) interacted with the age at blood feeding. The mosquitoes were blood-fed or left unfed four or 11 days after emergence and exposed to the insecticide one day later. Neither the plant nor its interactions with blood meal or age affected mortality, but younger mosquitoes had lower mortality (60.7%) than older ones (66.4%), independently of their blood-meal. Similarly, the plant had no effect on knock-down rate, but the blood meal increased it by 14.5% in young mosquitoes and reduced it by 21.5% in old ones. These results underline the complex role of the mosquitoes’ diet on their response to insecticides.
Autópsia de um gênero: o detetive Espinosa
Authors: Crespo Rodriguez Marta Maria , Motta Marcus Alexandre 
Published: February 2025

O artigo pretende compreender a ruptura contemporânea do romance policial na obra de Luiz Alfredo Garcia-Roza, manifestada a partir da autópsia, ou introspecção, do gênero em sua forma clássica. Tal introspecção se manifesta como o ambiente da fantasia do detetive Espinosa, conforme a subjetividade de seus pensamentos. Isso diz que a forma da ação detetivesca só encontra sua natureza nas divagações do detetive, apontando para a perda completa de qualquer resolução definitiva sobre o crime. Procuramos comprovar que Garcia-Roza faz uma reflexão do gênero por meio de uma autópsia das regras impressas na tradição, na qual não caberiam as peculiaridades do detetive Espinosa, abrindo espaço para a presença de leituras literárias num ambiente que as exclui. Nesse sentido, a autópsia é um meio de reconhecimento da tradição já introspectada.
Análise de recursos educacionais abertos à luz do conceito Design-REA Multimodal
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Elaine , Marques Pereira Daniervelin Renata 
Published: February 2025

Com vistas a aplicar o conceito de “Design-REA Multimodal” (DRM), de Silva (2023), para avaliar Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA) do repositório digital “Recursos Educacionais para Leitura e Produção de Textos nas Licenciaturas” (REALPTL), selecionamos dois REA para análise. O conceito DRM parte da revisão sobre o design e a similitude entre abordagens dos multiletramentos, da multimodalidade e dos REA, empregando os seguintes critérios: design da plataforma/do repositório, design técnico, design de multiletramentos (multimodal e sociocultural) e design educacional. Os REA selecionados para estudo foram produzidos por estudantes de pós-graduação e usam diferentes temáticas, estratégias de produção textual e tecnológica. Os resultados mostram que a análise dos recursos ajuda a “ler” os REA em sua amplitude, revelando suas vantagens a maneira como podem ser aperfeiçoados em um redesign, ao mesmo tempo em que o DRM pode servir como metodologia para orientar a produção por criadores de REA.
Letramento na Era da Inteligência Artificial
Authors: Carvalho de Castro Vania , Kalantzis Mary , Cope Bill 
Published: February 2025

A mais recente iteração da Inteligência Artificial, conhecida como "IA Generativa", constitui, sobretudo, uma tecnologia voltada para o processo de escrita. A IA Generativa é uma máquina capaz de produzir textos de gêneros diversos. No contexto histórico global, a importância dessa tecnologia não pode ser subestimada, uma vez que a linguagem artificial do código se entrelaça com a linguagem natural da vida cotidiana. A capacidade de escrita da IA generativa é multimodal, indo além da produção de texto predominantemente verbal ao também "ler" e "escrever" imagens por meio de rótulos textuais e prompts. Além disso, essa forma peculiar de escrita abarca conceitos matemáticos, procedimentos de software e algoritmos. Com base nessas considerações, este artigo investiga as implicações da IA Generativa no ensino e aprendizado da alfabetização e do letramento. Inicialmente, exploramos os desafios e impactos da IA Generativa nas práticas de letramento. Em seguida, apresentamos um estudo de caso que exemplifica a implementação prática da IA Generativa no suporte ao letramento e à aprendizagem. Por fim, delineamos implicações amplas para o ensino e a aprendizagem, propondo uma nova agenda para o letramento na era da IA Generativa.
Palavras-chave: Inteligência Artificial; IA Generativa; Letramento; Ensino e aprendizagem
Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan Manusia Kelas XI SMAN 1 Samalantan
Authors: Sartika Ira , Dafrita Ivan Eldes , Nawawi Nawawi 
Published: February 2025

This research aims to develop Problem Based Learning based E-modules to train students' critical thinking skills that are valid, practical and effective. The method used in this research is research and development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The techniques used were indirect communication techniques and measurement. Data collection tools used validation sheets, questionnaires and tests. The research subjects were class XI SMAN 1 Samalanta. Data analysis techniques of validity and practicality based on validation sheets and questionnaire sheets, while effectiveness based on N-gain values of pre-test and post-test. The results showed that: 1) validity obtained a percentage of 86% with valid criteria 2) practicality obtained a percentage of 81.06% with practical criteria 3) effectiveness obtained an N-gain value of 0.5 with moderate criteria. Conclusion: E-modules based on Problem Based Learning are classified as valid, practical and effective for use in the learning process in improving students' critical thinking skills.
Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan E-modul berbasis Problem Based Learning untuk melatih kemampuan berfikir kritis siswa yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dengan model ADDIE (Analyze, Desing, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Teknik yang digunakan teknik komunikasi tidak langsung dan pengukuran. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar validasi, angket dan tes. Subjek penelitian kelas XI SMAN 1 Samalanta. Teknik analisis data kevalidan dan kepraktisan berdasarkan lembar validasi dan lembar angket, sedangkan keefektifan berdasarkan nilai nilai N-gain pre-test dan post-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) kevalidan memperoleh presentase sebesar 86% dengan kriteria valid 2) kepraktisan memperoleh presentase sebesar 81,06% dengan kriteria praktis 3) keefektifan memperoleh nilai N-gain sebesar 0,5 dengan kriteria sedang. Kesimpulan: E-modul berbasis Problem Based Learning yaitu sudah tergolong valid, praktis dan efektif untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir kritis siswa.
Analisis, Uji Coba dan Rekonstruksi Kegiatan Praktikum Melalui Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pencernaan Kimiawi
Authors: Siregar Nurul Faizah , Supriatno Bambang , Amprasto Amprasto 
Published: February 2025

Practicum is an important component in biology learning and practicum helps students to gain hands-on experience. Practicum activities can be assisted by the presence of student worksheets. Student worksheets as a guide to the implementation process of practicum to improve student skills. This study aims to analyze and reconstruct student worksheets. The research method applied in this study uses a qualitative descriptive method. This study has research stages, namely ANCOR: Analysis, Trial, and Reconstruction. The student worksheet (LKPD) used is the 2013 Curriculum 8th grade science book Revised 2017. The results of the study show that LKPD on the concept of the chemical digestive system in the 2013 curriculum book revised 2017 has several components that must be reconstructed, besides that there are no changes in terms of content according to the curriculum. Therefore, it is necessary to improve LKPD on the concept of the chemical digestive system. The components that are improved in LKPD according to the knowledge construction adapted from Novak & Gowin (1984) include: Focus Question, Object Event, Theory/principle/concept, Record/transformation and Knowledge Claim. The components that are improved in LKPD include: activity objectives, theoretical basis, tools and materials, work steps, data recording and practical questions. This improvement is expected to provide an understanding that is in accordance with the revised 2013 curriculum, which can provide more meaningful practicums in addition to students being able to improve their minds on and hands on abilities in practical activities to face the era of the industrial revolution 4.0
Absrtak. Praktikum adalah komponen penting dalam pembelajaran biologi dan praktikum membantu siswa untuk memperoleh pengalaman langsung. Kegiatan praktikum dapat dibantu dengan adanya lembar kerja siswa. Lembar kerja peserta didik sebagai penuntun proses pelaksanaan praktikum untuk meningkatkan keterampilan peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan merekonstruksi lembar kerja peserta didik. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini memiliki tahap penelitian yaitu ANCOR: Analisis, Uji Coba, dan Rekonstruksi. Lembar kerja peserta didik (LKPD) yang digunakan adalah buku kelas VIII IPA Kurikulum 2013 Revisi 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan LKPD pada konsep sistem pencernaan kimiawi pada buku kurikulum 2013 revisi 2017 memiliki beberapa komponen yang harus direkonstruksi, selain itu tidak ada perubahan dalam hal konten sesuai dengan kurikulum. Maka dari itu, diperlukan perbaikan LKPD pada konsep sistem pencernaan kimiawi. Komponen yang diperbaiki pada LKPD sesuai dengan konstruksi pengetahuan yang diadaptasi dari Novak & Gowin (1984) antara lain: Focus Question, Object Even, Theory/principle/concept,Record/transformation dan Knowledge Claim.
Analisis dan Rekonstruksi Desain Kegiatan Laboratorium Keanekaragaman Makhluk Hidup
Authors: Juniarti Mia Angriana , Supriatno Bambang , Amprasto Amprasto 
Published: February 2025

Lab activities can guide students in constructing knowledge through a process of operational steps. However, most laboratory activities in the field are not appropriate with the content taught so that students cannot construct factual knowledge into conceptual knowledge, especially in studying the diversity of creatures. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the quality of existing practicum activities for the diversity of living things to be tested and reconstructed into a design of laboratory activities to support a better learning process. The research method used is qualitative descriptive method. The flow of research carried out is based on ANCOR (Analysis, Trial, and Reconstruction). The type of sampling technique used is nonprobability sampling with purposive sampling technique. The research sample, practicum activities for the diversity of living things integrated in the class X independent curriculum science book. The results of analysis and trials based on the existence of knowledge construction components found that alternative design of laboratory activities is needed based on knowledge construction indicators in the Diagram Vee.
Key words: Analysis, Reconstruction, Design of Laboratory Activities, Classification of Living Things.

Abstrak. Kegiatan laboratorium dapat membimbing siswa dalam mengonstruksi pengetahuan melalui serangkaian langkah-langkah operasional. Namun, mayoritas kegiatan laboratorium di lapangan tidak sesuai dengan materi yang diajarkan sehingga siswa tidak dapat mengonstruksi pengetahuan faktual menjadi pengetahuan konseptual terutama dalam mempelajari keanekaragaman makhluk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai kualitas kegiatan praktikum keanekaragaman makhluk hidup yang sudah ada untuk kemudian diuji coba dan direkonstruksi kembali menjadi desain kegiatan laboratorium untuk menunjang proses pembelajaran yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui analisis lembar kegiatan praktikum untuk menentukan lembar kegiatan praktikum biologi kelas X yang kurang sesuai dan analisis komponen desain kegiatan praktikum berdasarkan Diagram Vee. Berdasarkan alur tahapan dalam perancangan desain kegiatan laboratorium berbasis ANCOR (Analisis, Uji Coba, dan Rekonstruksi), diperlukan alternatif desain kegiatan laboratorium berdasarkan indikator konstruksi pengetahuan dalam Diagram Vee.

Kata kunci: Analisis, Rekonstruksi, Laboratorium, Klasifikasi Makhluk Hidup.
Influence of aging on facial attractiveness perception in individuals with normal occlusion
Authors: Natsumeda Gabriela , Silva Ivan , Miranda Felicia , Massaro Camila , Garib Daniela 
Published: February 2025

Objectives
To evaluate the perception of orthodontists and laypeople of facial attractiveness during aging in participants with acceptable, untreated occlusion.

Materials and Methods
Frontal and profile facial photographs of 24 participants (13 male, 11 female) with acceptable, untreated occlusion, taken during adolescence (mean age = 13.3 years) and late adulthood (mean age = 61.2 years) were used. Groups of 30 orthodontists and 30 laypeople scored the facial attractiveness using a scale from 1 (unattractive face) to 10 (very attractive face). Raters indicated the apparent age at T2 and the most and least pleasing facial structures. Three-way analysis of variance was used to assess the influence of sex, age, and rater group on facial attractiveness. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare males and females regarding the apparent age perceived by raters at late adulthood (P &lt; .05).

Results
Mature age was judged with lower scores on facial attractiveness (mean = 5.43) by both groups compared with adolescence (mean = 6.51). Facial attractiveness was not affected by sex. At late adulthood, females were considered younger by both groups of raters, while men were perceived more similar to their actual age. Laypeople were slightly more critical than orthodontists in the assessment of facial attractiveness. Thirty percent of the raters indicated the eyes as the most pleasant region and the chin and nose as the least pleasing structures.

Conclusions
Facial attractiveness slightly decreased from adolescent to mature ages. Women appeared younger than their actual age at late adulthood.
Risk of Incident Diabetes Related to Lipoprotein(a), LDL Cholesterol, and Their Changes With Alirocumab: Post Hoc Analyses of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Randomized Trial
Authors: Schwartz Gregory G. , Szarek Michael , Jukema J. Wouter , Cobbaert Christa M. , Reijnders Esther , Bittner Vera A. , Schwertfeger Markus , Bhatt Deepak L. , Fazio Sergio , Garon Genevieve , Goodman Shaun G. , Harrington Robert A. , White Harvey D. , Steg Philippe Gabriel 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE
Previous genetic and clinical analyses have associated lower lipoprotein(a) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) with greater risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes (NOD). However, PCSK9 inhibitors such as alirocumab lower both lipoprotein(a) and LDL-C without effect on NOD.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a post hoc analysis of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial (NCT01663402), we examined the joint prediction of NOD by baseline lipoprotein(a), LDL-C, and insulin (or HOMA–insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) and their changes with alirocumab treatment. Analyses included 8,107 patients with recent acute coronary syndrome on optimized statin therapy, without diabetes at baseline, assigned to alirocumab or placebo with median follow-up 2.4 years. Splines were estimated from logistic regression models.

RESULTS
Lower baseline lipoprotein(a) and higher baseline insulin or HOMA-IR independently predicted 782 cases of NOD; baseline LDL-C did not predict NOD. Alirocumab reduced lipoprotein(a) and LDL-C without affecting insulin or NOD risk (odds ratio [OR] vs. placebo 0.998; 95% CI 0.860–1.158). However, in logistic regression, decreased lipoprotein(a) and LDL-C on alirocumab were independent, opposite predictors of NOD. OR for NOD for 25% and 50% lipoprotein(a) reductions on alirocumab were 1.12 (95% CI 1.01–1.23) and 1.24 (1.02–1.52). OR for NOD for 25% and 50% LDL-C reductions on alirocumab were 0.88 (95% CI 0.80–0.97) and 0.77 (0.64–0.94).

CONCLUSIONS
Baseline lipoprotein(a) was inversely associated with risk of NOD. Alirocumab-induced reductions of lipoprotein(a) and LDL-C were associated with increased and decreased risk of NOD, respectively, without net effect on NOD. Ongoing trials will determine the impact of larger and longer lipoprotein(a) reductions on NOD.
Experimental Toxoplasmosis in Calves and Pregnant Cows
Authors: Stalheim O. H. V. , Hubbert W. T. , Boothe A. D. , Zimmermann W. J. , Hughes D. E. , Barnett D. , Riley J. L. , Foley J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Experimental Toxoplasma gondii infections were studied in pregnant cows and in calves. In tests to compare their virulence, three strains of the toxoplasmal parasite were fed to cats; then fecal oocysts were collected and given per os to calves. In tests to determine their effects, virulent tachyzoites or oocysts were given to 10 calves and to 22 pregnant cows by the oral, iv, or intraamniotic routes. Clinical signs were fever and inappetence. One cow in early gestation aborted 24 days after iv administration of tachyzoites. Gross and microscopic changes were slight and nonspecific. Toxoplasmas were isolated from brain or liver of 4 cows, placenta of 2 cows, gastric contents of 2 near-term fetuses, and blood and tissues of calves. Toxoplasmas were not isolated from control cows.
Acute Systemic Anaphylaxis in Adult Domestic Fowl: Evidence for the Protective Role of H2-Histaminergic and β2-Adrenergic Receptors
Authors: Chand N. , DeRoth L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pentobarbital-anesthetized and spontaneously breathing, bovine albumin (ba)-sensitized adult domestic fowl showed acute systemic anaphylaxis to iv injection of antigen (ba), which was characterized by arterial hypotension, central venous hypertension, and bradycardia. Large doses of pyrilamine maleate (H1-receptor antagonist) partially inhibited acute systemic anaphylaxis. On the other hand, metiamide (a specific H2-antagonist) and propranolol (β-adrenergic antagonist) markedly enhanced the anaphylactic response. Terbutaline (β2-agonist), dimaprit (a highly selective H2-agonist), and compound FPL 55712 (a slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis receptor antagonist) either significantly inhibited or reversed the anaphylactic response. Cimetidine (a newer H2-antagonist) enhanced only central venous pressor response to ba. This investigation appears to suggest a minor role of histamine and a major role of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis as chemical mediators of anaphylaxis. A protective role of β2-adrenergic and H2-histaminergic receptors seem to operate in immediate hypersensitivity reactions in adult domestic fowl.
Estrus, Ovulation, and Serum Hormones in Mares Given Prostaglandin F2α, Estradiol, and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Authors: Booth L. C. , Oxender W. D. , Douglas R. H. , Woodley S. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was injected in mares given prostaglandin F2α (pgf2α) to induce luteolysis in an attempt to synchronize ovulation. Pretreatment with estradiol-17β (E2-17β) was used to determine whether or not estradiol would enhance the release of luteinizing hormone (lh) after treatment with GnRH. Twelve mares were used in a balanced Latin square crossover design.
Mares were injected with pgf2α, treatment A; pgf2α + GnRH, treatment B; or pgf2α + E2-17β + GnRH, treatment C. The interval ± sem from pgf2α injection to estrus was 3.3 ± 0.2, 3.2 ± 0.3, and 2.3 ± 0.1 days for treatments A, B, and C, respectively. The mean interval in days from injection to first ovulation averaged 1 day less (P < 0.10) for treatments B (6.7 ± 0.6) and C (6.2 ± 0.3) than for treatment A (7.6 ± 0.7). The duration of estrus and the interval from ovulation to end of estrus were similar among the three treatment groups. Mares treated with GnRH (treatments B and C) had a significant (P < 0.01) two- to threefold increase in lh concentrations when compared with controls. Pretreatment with estradiol-17β did not appear to enhance lh release after GnRH was given, and the time of ovulation was not significantly changed by GnRH treatment.