bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injectable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement Provides Favorable Space and a Scaffold for Periodontal Regeneration in Dogs
Authors: Hayashi Chie , Kinoshita Atsuhiro , Oda Shigeru , Mizutani Koji , Shirakata Yoshinori , Ishikawa Isao 
Published: May 2006

Background: An earlier study showed that an injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) served as a stable scaffold for bone formation and promoted histocompatible healing of periodontal tissue in dogs. In this study, we evaluated the influence of CPC on regeneration of periodontal defects with experimental periodontitis in dogs.Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced by placing stainless‐steel mesh on the mesial side of maxillary canines in six adult, healthy beagle dogs. Subsequently, intrabony defects were resized so as to be standard, and CPC was injected in the experimental bone defects. Non‐grafted defects on the contralateral side served as controls. Twelve weeks after surgery, the animals were sacrificed and histologic specimens were prepared. Periodontal tissue healing was evaluated histologically and histometrically.Results: Healing of periodontal tissues, in terms of bone and cementum formation, was consistently observed in the CPC‐applied sites. CPC was partly replaced by new bone. New cementum and periodontal ligament‐like tissue were observed between CPC and the root surface. New bone (P <0.05), new cementum (P <0.01), and new connective tissue attachment and adhesion (P <0.05) were significantly enhanced in the experimental sites.Conclusion: Calcium phosphate cement provides stable wound healing and enhanced periodontal regeneration in periodontal defects in dogs with experimental periodontitis.
Effect of Enamel Matrix Protein Derivative on Healing of Surgical Supra‐Infrabony Periodontal Defects in the Rat Molar: A Histomorphometric Study
Authors: Nemcovsky Carlos E. , Zahavi Shira , Moses Ofer , Kebudi Edmon , Artzi Zvi , Beny Leah , Weinreb Miron 
Published: May 2006

Background: Enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) has proven to enhance periodontal regeneration in human and animal studies. The present histomorphometric study evaluated healing of combined supra‐infrabony periodontal defects with EMD.Methods: The study comprised two groups of 10 Wistar rats each, 7 to 8 months old. Bony defects were created on the mesial aspect of the mesial root of the first maxillary molar. The root surface was planed and 24% EDTA gel applied for 2 minutes and then rinsed with water. In the study group, EMD was applied, and in the control group, only propylene glycol alginate was applied. Animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after surgery, and block sections were removed, demineralized, and embedded in paraffin. For histomorphometric analysis, three sections from the central area of the defect were selected. Root, surgical defect, epithelial attachment, sulcus, supracrestal connective tissue, ankylosis, and the length and area of new cementum and new bone were measured.Results: No statistically significant differences between the two groups were found for root and defect measures. The remaining parameters were calculated as a percentage of the defect. In the study group, smaller gingival recession (P = 0.05), deeper gingival sulcus (P = 0.05), and shorter junctional epithelium (P = 0.01) were found. New cementum was observed in the study group only (P = 0.02). Ankylosis was six times larger in the control group but not statistically significant. New bone formation was similar in both groups.Conclusion: Enamel matrix protein derivative enhanced periodontal healing in this model by reducing gingival recession and junctional epithelium along the root surface and enhancing the formation of new cementum.
Feasibility and Influence of the Microgap of Two Implants Placed in a Non‐Submerged Procedure: A Five‐Year Follow‐Up Clinical Trial
Authors: Heijdenrijk Kees , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Meijer Henny J.A. , Stegenga Boudewijn , van der Reijden Wil A. 
Published: May 2006

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a two‐piece implant system in a non‐submerged procedure and to study the impact of the microgap between the implant and abutment.Methods: Sixty edentulous patients (Cawood Class V‐VI) participated in this study. After randomization, 20 patients received two two‐piece implants placed in a non‐submerged procedure, 20 patients received two two‐piece implants placed in the traditional submerged procedure, and 20 patients were treated with two one‐piece dental implants placed in the traditional non‐submerged procedure. The implants were placed in the mandible for overdenture treatment. A standardized clinical evaluation was performed and radiographs were taken immediately after denture insertion and yearly up to 5 years. Peri‐implant samples were collected 12, 36, and 60 months after loading with sterile paper points and analyzed for the presence of putative periodontal pathogens using culture techniques.Results: One two‐piece implant of the non‐submerged group and one two‐piece implant of the submerged group were lost after 6 and 12 months, respectively. After 5 years of functioning, no significant clinical, radiological, or microbiological differences were found between the three groups. No association was found between the level of the microgap and the amount of bone loss.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that dental implants designed for a submerged implantation procedure can also be used in a non‐submerged procedure and may be as predictable as when used in a submerged procedure or as one‐piece implants. The microgap at the crestal level in two‐piece implants does not appear to have an adverse effect on the amount of peri‐implant bone loss.
The Effects of Respite Care for Homeless Patients: A Cohort Study
Authors: Buchanan David , Doblin Bruce , Sai Theophilus , Garcia Pablo 
Published: May 2006

Objectives. Homeless individuals experience high rates of physical and mental illness, increased mortality, and frequent hospitalizations. Respite care provides homeless individuals with housing and services allowing more complete recovery from illnesses and stabilization of chronic conditions. Methods. We investigated respite care’s impact on 225 hospitalized homeless adults consecutively referred from an urban public hospital during a 26-month period. The cohort was separated into 2 groups: (1) patients referred and accepted into the respite center and (2) patients referred but denied admission because beds were unavailable. All patients met the center’s predefined eligibility criteria. Main outcome measures were inpatient days, emergency department visits, and outpatient clinic visits. Results. The 2 groups had similar demographic characteristics, admitting diagnoses, and patterns of medical care use at baseline. During 12 months of follow-up, the respite care group required fewer hospital days than the usual care group (3.7 vs 8.3 days; P=.002), with no differences in emergency department or outpatient clinic visits. Individuals with HIV/AIDS experienced the greatest reduction in hospital days. Conclusions. Respite care after hospital discharge reduces homeless patients’ future hospitalizations.
Healthy Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities: A Low-Cost Approach to Facilitating Healthy Aging
Authors: Masotti Paul J. , Fick Robert , Johnson-Masotti Ana , MacLeod Stuart 
Published: May 2006

Naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs) are broadly defined as communities where individuals either remain or move when they retire. Using the determinants of health model as a base, we hypothesize that some environmental determinants have a different impact on people at different ages. Health benefits to living within NORCs have been observed and likely vary depending upon where the specific NORC exists on the NORC to healthy-NORC spectrum. Some NORC environments are healthier than others for seniors, because the NORC environment has characteristics associated with better health for seniors. Health benefits within healthy NORCs are higher where physical and social environments facilitate greater activity and promote feelings of well-being. Compared to the provision of additional medical or social services, healthy NORCs are a low-cost community-level approach to facilitating healthy aging. Municipal governments should pursue policies that stimulate and support the development of healthy NORCs.
Catholic Hospital Affiliation and Postpartum Contraceptive Care and Subsequent Deliveries
Authors: Meille Giacomo , Monnet Jessica N. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceIn recent years, the number of Catholic hospitals has grown, raising concerns about access to contraception. The association between living in an area in which the closest hospital is Catholic and the probability of postpartum contraception and subsequent deliveries is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess whether living in an area in which the closest hospital was Catholic was associated with the probability of postpartum contraception and subsequent deliveries.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s State Inpatient Databases, State Emergency Department Databases, and State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Databases for 11 states (California, Florida, Georgia, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New York, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, and Wisconsin). Female patients with a delivery from 2016 to 2019 who lived within 20 miles of a nonfederal acute care hospital were included, with patients followed up for 1 to 3 years. Coarsened exact matching was used to match patients based on the county-level percentage of the population affiliated with Catholic churches and urbanicity, and the zip code–level number of hospitals within 5 and 20 miles, median household income, and percentage of the population by race and ethnicity. Data were analyzed from April 2022 to November 2023.ExposuresResidence in a zip code in which the closest hospital was Catholic.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProbabilities of delivery at a Catholic hospital, surgical sterilization within 1 year of delivery, receipt of long-acting reversible contraception at delivery, and subsequent delivery within 3 years.ResultsThe sample consisted of 4 101 443 deliveries (1 301 792 after matching), with 14.5% of patients living in exposed zip codes (ie, where the closest hospital was Catholic). Living in exposed zip codes was associated with a 21.26–percentage point (pp) increase in the probability of delivery at a Catholic hospital (95% CI, 19.50 to 23.02 pp; 237.3% relative to the mean in unexposed zip codes; P &amp;lt; .001). Additionally, comparing exposed vs unexposed zip codes, the probability of surgical sterilization at delivery decreased by 0.95 pp (95% CI, −1.14 to −0.76 pp; P &amp;lt; .001) and the probability of sterilization in the year after discharge further decreased by 0.21 pp (95% CI, −0.29 to −0.13; P &amp;lt; .001). Subsequent deliveries within 3 years increased 0.47 pp (95% CI, −0.03 to 0.97 pp; 2.3% relative to the mean in unexposed zip codes; P = .07).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study finds that living in a zip code in which the closest hospital was Catholic was associated with a modest decrease in the probability of postpartum surgical sterilizations and a modest increase in the probability of subsequent deliveries.
Coma Prognostication After Acute Brain Injury
Authors: Fischer David , Edlow Brian L. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceAmong the most impactful neurologic assessments is that of neuroprognostication, defined here as the prediction of neurologic recovery from disorders of consciousness caused by severe, acute brain injury. Across a range of brain injury etiologies, these determinations often dictate whether life-sustaining treatment is continued or withdrawn; thus, they have major implications for morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Neuroprognostication relies on a diverse array of tests, including behavioral, radiologic, physiological, and serologic markers, that evaluate the brain’s functional and structural integrity.ObservationsPrognostic markers, such as the neurologic examination, electroencephalography, and conventional computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been foundational in assessing a patient’s current level of consciousness and capacity for recovery. Emerging techniques, such as functional MRI, diffusion MRI, and advanced forms of electroencephalography, provide new ways of evaluating the brain, leading to evolving schemes for characterizing neurologic function and novel methods for predicting recovery.Conclusions and RelevanceNeuroprognostic markers are rapidly evolving as new ways of assessing the brain’s structural and functional integrity after brain injury are discovered. Many of these techniques remain in development, and further research is needed to optimize their prognostic utility. However, even as such efforts are underway, a series of promising findings coupled with the imperfect predictive value of conventional prognostic markers and the high stakes of these assessments have prompted clinical guidelines to endorse emerging techniques for neuroprognostication. Thus, clinicians have been thrust into an uncertain predicament in which emerging techniques are not yet perfected but too promising to ignore. This review illustrates the current, and likely future, landscapes of prognostic markers. No matter how much prognostic markers evolve and improve, these assessments must be approached with humility and individualized to reflect each patient’s values.
Reidentification With Birth-Registered Sex in a Western Australian Pediatric Gender Clinic Cohort
Authors: Cavve Blake S. , Bickendorf Xander , Ball Jack , Saunders Liz A. , Thomas Cati S. , Strauss Penelope , Chaplyn Georgia , Marion Larissa , Siafarikas Aris , Ganti Uma , Wiggins Aaron , Lin Ashleigh , Moore Julia K. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceSome young people who identify as transgender and seek gender-affirming medical care subsequently reidentify with their sex registered at birth. Evidence regarding the frequency and characteristics of this experience is lacking.ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of reidentification and explore associated characteristics in a pediatric gender clinic setting.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study examined all referrals to the Child and Adolescent Health Service Gender Diversity Service at Perth Children’s Hospital between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2020. The Gender Diversity Service is the sole statewide specialist service in Western Australia that provides children and adolescents up to age 18 years with multidisciplinary assessment, information, support, and gender-affirming medical care. All closed referrals for this study were audited between May 1, 2021, and August 8, 2022.ExposureReidentification with birth-registered sex.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe number of referrals closed due to reported reidentification with birth-registered sex was determined, as well as descriptives and frequencies of patient demographics (age, birth-registered sex), informant source, International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision gender-related diagnoses, pubertal status, any gender-affirming medical treatment received, and whether subsequent re-referrals were received.ResultsOf 552 closed referrals during the study period, a reason for closure could be determined for 548 patients, including 211 birth-registered males (mean [SD] age, 13.88 [2.00] years) and 337 birth-registered females (mean [SD] age, 15.81 [2.22] years). Patients who reidentified with their birth-registered sex comprised 5.3% (29 of 548; 95% CI, 3.6%-7.5%) of all referral closures. Except for 2 patients, reidentification occurred before or during early stages of assessment (93.1%; 95% CI, 77.2%-99.2%). Two patients who reidentified with their birth-registered sex did so following initiation of puberty suppression or gender-affirming hormone treatment (1.0% of 196 patients who initiated any gender-affirming medical treatment; 95% CI, 0.1%-3.6%).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings from a pediatric gender clinic audit indicate that a small proportion of patients, and a very small proportion of those who initiated medical gender-affirming treatment, reidentified with their birth-registered sex during the study period. Longitudinal follow-up studies, including qualitative self-report, are required to understand different pathways of gender identity experience.
The sensitivity of radiobiological models in carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) and its consequences on the clinical treatment plan: Differences between LEM and MKM models
Authors: Góra Joanna , Grosshagauer Sarah , Fossati Piero , Mumot Marta , Stock Markus , Schafasand Mansure , Carlino Antonio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeCarbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) relies on relative biological effectiveness (RBE)‐weighted dose calculations. Japanese clinics predominantly use the microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM), while European centers utilize the local effect model (LEM). Despite both models estimating RBE‐distributions in tissue, their physical and mathematical assumptions differ, leading to significant disparities in RBE‐weighted doses. Several European clinics adopted Japanese treatment schedules, necessitating adjustments in dose prescriptions and organ at risk (OAR) constraints. In the context of these two clinically used standards for RBE‐weighted dose estimation, the objective of this study was to highlight specific scenarios for which the translations between models diverge, as shortcomings between them can influence clinical decisions.MethodsOur aim was to discuss planning strategies minimizing those discrepancies, ultimately striving for more accurate and robust treatments. Evaluations were conducted in a virtual water phantom and patient CT‐geometry, optimizing LEM RBE‐weighted dose first and recomputing MKM thereafter. Dose‐averaged linear energy transfer (LETd) distributions were also assessed.ResultsResults demonstrate how various parameters influence LEM/MKM translation. Similar LEM‐dose distributions lead to markedly different MKM‐dose distributions and variations in LETd. Generally, a homogeneous LEM RBE‐weighted dose aligns with lower MKM values in most of the target volume. Nevertheless, paradoxical MKM hotspots may emerge (at the end of the range), potentially influencing clinical outcomes. Therefore, translation between models requires great caution.ConclusionsUnderstanding the relationship between these two clinical standards enables combining European and Japanese based experiences. The implementation of optimal planning strategies ensures the safety and acceptability of the clinical plan for both models and therefore enhances plan robustness from the RBE‐weighted dose and LETd distribution point of view. This study emphasizes the importance of optimal planning strategies and the need for comprehensive CIRT plan quality assessment tools. In situations where simultaneous LEM and MKM computation capabilities are lacking, it can provide guidance in plan design, ultimately contributing to enhanced CIRT outcomes.
Cyano‐Coordinated Tin Halide Perovskites for Wearable Health Monitoring and Weak Light Imaging
Authors: Liu Tianhua , Wang Junfang , Liu Yongsi , Min Liangliang , Wang Lixia , Yuan Ziquan , Sun Haoxuan , Huang Le , Li Liang , Meng Xiangyue 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLow‐toxicity tin halide perovskites with excellent optoelectronic properties are promising candidates for photodetection. However, tin halide perovskite photodetectors have suffered from high dark current owing to uncontrollable Sn2+ oxidation. Here, 2‐cyanoethan‐1‐aminium iodide (CNI) is introduced in CH(NH2)2SnI3 (FASnI3) perovskite films to inhibit Sn2+ oxidation by the strong coordination interaction between the cyano group (C≡N) and Sn2+. Consequently, FASnI3‐CNI films exhibit reduced nonradiative recombination and lower trap density. The self‐powered photodetector based on FASnI3‐CNI exhibits low dark current (1.04 × 10−9 A cm−2), high detectivity (2.2 × 1013 Jones at 785 nm), fast response speed (2.62 µs), and good stability. Mechanism studies show the increase in the activation energy required for thermal emission and generated carriers, leading to a lower dark current in the FASnI3‐CNI photodetector. In addition, flexible photodetectors based on FASnI3‐CNI, exhibiting high detectivity and fast response speed, are employed in wearable electronics to monitor the human heart rate under weak light and zero bias conditions. Finally, the FASnI3‐CNI perovskite photodetectors are integrated with a 32 × 32 thin‐film transistor backplane, capable of ultraweak light (170 nW cm−2) real‐time imaging with high contrast, and zero power consumption, demonstrating the great potential for image sensor applications.
570 Wh kg⁻1‐Grade Lithium Metal Pouch Cell with 4.9V Highly Li+ Conductive Armor‐Like Cathode Electrolyte Interphase via Partially Fluorinated Electrolyte Engineering
Authors: Liu Xiangxiang , Li Yong , Liu Jiandong , Wang Huaping , Zhuang Xiujuan , Ma Jianmin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLithium‐rich manganese‐based layered oxides (LRMOs) are promisingly used in high‐energy lithium metal pouch cells due to high specific capacity/working voltage. However, the interfacial stability of LRMOs remains challenging. To address this question, a novel armor‐like cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) model is proposed for stabilizing LRMO cathode at 4.9 V by exploring partially fluorinated electrolyte formulation. The fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and tris (trimethylsilyl) borate (TMSB) in formulated electrolyte largely contribute to the formation of 4.9 V armor‐like CEI with LiBxOy and LixPOyFz outer layer and LiF‐ and Li3PO4‐rich inner part. Such CEI effectively inhibits lattice oxygen loss and facilitates the Li+ migration smoothly for guaranteeing LRMO cathode to deliver superior cycling and rate performance. As expected, Li||LRMO batteries with such electrolyte achieve capacity retention of 85.7% with high average Coulomb efficiency (CE) of 99.64% after 300 cycles at 4.8 V/0.5 C, and even obtain capacity retention of 87.4% after 100 cycles at higher cut‐off voltage of 4.9 V. Meanwhile, the 9 Ah‐class Li||LRMO pouch cells with formulated electrolyte show over thirty‐eight stable cycling life with high energy density of 576 Wh kg−1 at 4.8 V.
Advance Chemical Mechanical Polishing Technique for Gallium Nitride Substrate
Authors: Zhao Xuanyi , Wang Shouzhi , Liu Lei , Li Qiubo , Yu Jiaoxian , Wang Guodong , Liang Chang , Wang Zhongxin , Hao Han , Xu Xiangang , Zhang Lei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs the representative of substrate material, gallium nitride (GaN) has excellent mechanical properties and high thermal stability. Achieving high surface flatness is critical for subsequent epitaxial growth and device fabrication processes. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) technique of GaN is commonly one of the most effective ways to achieve atomically smooth surfaces. However, the current process is difficult to meet the needs of industrial development due to the characteristics of low material removal rate. Assisted enhanced CMP technique is deemed to possess significant potential due to its improved processing efficiency and surface topography quality. Herein, a variety of auxiliary enhanced CMP systems are designed and studied. In this review, recent advances both in conventional and assisted enhanced CMP of GaN are comprehensive presented, with a focus on their potential applications in various fields. The mechanism and design strategy of the process are discussed and summarized. The key issues in machining atomically flattened surface are outlined, and future strategies for sustainable development are also proposed. This review provides a novel perspective on GaN processing and offers more inspiration for future research to realize its development and commercial application.