bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metallomics, elementomics, and analytical techniques
Authors: Li Yu-Feng , Chen Chunying , Qu Ying , Gao Yuxi , Li Bai , Zhao Yuliang , Chai Zhifang 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMetallomics is an emerging and promising research field which has attracted more and more attention. However, the term itself might be restrictive. Therefore, the term "elementomics" is suggested to encompass the study of nonmetals as well. In this paper, the application of state-of-the-art analytical techniques with the capabilities of high-throughput quantification, distribution, speciation, identification, and structural characterization for metallomics and elementomics is critically reviewed. High-throughput quantification of multielements can be achieved by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA). High-throughput multielement distribution mapping can be performed by fluorescence-detecting techniques such as synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF), XRF tomography, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS, and ion-detecting-based, secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), while Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) and Raman microspectroscopy are excellent tools for molecular mapping. All the techniques for metallome and elementome structural characterization are generally low-throughput, such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), NMR, and small-angle X-ray spectroscopy (SAXS). If automation of arraying small samples, rapid data collection of multiple low-volume and -concentration samples together with data reduction and analysis are developed, high-throughput techniques will be available and in fact have partially been achieved.
Metallomics study on all-elements analysis of salmon egg cells and fractionation analysis of metals in cell cytoplasm
Authors: Haraguchi Hiroki , Ishii Atsushi , Hasegawa Takuya , Matsuura Hirotaka , Umemura Tomonari 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Salmon egg cells were the subject of investigation for all-elements analysis in a single biological cell, where the elements in egg cells were simultaneously determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave-assisted acid digestion. As a result, 74 elements among 78 stable isotope elements were determined or detected, although H, C, N, and O were determined separately by conventional CHN elemental analysis. In addition, the survey of protein-binding metallic elements as well as metalloid elements in salmon egg cell cytoplasm was performed by the fractionation analysis with a hyphenated system of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/ICP-MS using a 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate (CHAPS)-coated octadecylsilyl silica (ODS) column and a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) column.
Integrated application of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metallomics in environmental studies
Authors: González-Fernández Macarena , García-Barrera Tamara , Jurado Juan , Prieto-Álamo María J. , Pueyo Carmen , López-Barea Juan , Gómez-Ariza José Luis 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Here we report a preliminary working scheme for the integrative application of transcriptomic, proteomic, and metallomic methodologies in environmental monitoring, by using as sentinel the wildlife species Mus spretus and as reference the gene/protein sequence databases from the key model species Mus musculus. We have demonstrated that the absolute transcript expression signatures quantified by reverse transcription (RT) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of selected key genes (e.g., those coding for biotransformation enzymes) in M. spretus is a useful and reliable novel biomonitoring end-point. The suitability of commercial M. musculus oligonucleotide arrays for genome-wide transcriptional profiling in M. spretus has been also shown. Transcriptomic studies indicate considerable gene sequence similarities between both mouse species. Based on these similarities, we have demonstrated the applicability in free-living M. spretus of high-throughput proteomic methods, based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) analysis of tryptic 2D electrophoresis (2-DE) spot digest and peptide matching with M. musculus database. A metallomic approach based on size exclusion chromatography inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS) was applied to trace metal-biomolecule profiles. A preliminary integration of these three -omics has been addressed to M. musculus/M. spretus couple, two rodent species that separated 3 million years ago. The integrated application of transcriptomic and proteomic data and the bidirectional use of metallomics and proteomics for selective isolation of metal-biomolecules are covered in the working scheme MEPROTRANS-triple-OMIC reported in this study.
Development of multielemental imaging on semiconductor Compton telescope
Authors: Motomura Shinji , Kanayama Yousuke , Haba Hiromitsu , Igarashi Kaori , Watanabe Yasuyoshi , Enomoto Shuichi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The feasibility of using a Compton camera for multitracer imaging has been demonstrated with the results of two biological sample imaging experiments. The distribution of the multitracer administered to a soybean sample and a tumor-bearing mouse has been visualized for each nuclide simultaneously. 3D images of the multitracer have been obtained even though the samples were measured from a fixed direction.
Simultaneous tracing of multiple precursors each labeled with a different homo-elemental isotope by speciation analysis: Distribution and metabolism of four parenteral selenium sources
Authors: Suzuki Kazuo T. , Doi Chiaki , Suzuki Noriyuki 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The availability, distribution, and metabolism of four typical selenium sources [inorganic selenite and selenate, and organic selenomethionine (SeMet) and methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys)] were compared by administering them simultaneously through a parenteral route. The four selenium sources were each labeled with a different enriched selenium isotope (82Se, 78Se, 77Se, and 76Se, respectively), and administered intravenously at the dose of 25 μg Se/kg body weight each to rats that had been depleted of natural abundance selenium with a single isotope, 80Se, by feeding 80Se-selenite in drinking water and a selenium-deficient diet. At 1 h post-injection, the amounts of the four tracers recovered from major organs and blood comprised around 70, 55, and 50 % of the doses for selenite, MeSeCys and SeMet, and selenate, respectively, being most abundant in the liver. The intact precursors, except for selenite, were recovered from all organs. 77Se and 76Se of SeMet and MeSeCys origin, respectively, were much more efficiently recovered from the pancreas than selenite and selenate, in forms mostly bound to proteins together with intact forms, suggesting that SeMet and MeSeCys are preferentially distributed directly to the pancreas. The incorporations of selenium into selenoprotein P (Sel P) and selenosugars were most efficient from selenite and less efficient from SeMet, suggesting that selenite was most efficiently utilized for the syntheses of selenoproteins and selenosugars. Although selenate was partly excreted into the urine in its intact form, it was retained longer in the plasma in its intact form than the other selenium sources. The advantage of simultaneous administration of multiple precursors each labeled with a different enriched isotope to depleted hosts followed by simultaneous tracing of the labeled isotopes over the conventional method with a single tracer is emphasized together with cautions that may occur with the new multiple tracer method.
Monads and vector bundles on quadrics
Authors: Malaspina Francesco 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
We improve Ottaviani's splitting criterion for vector bundles on a quadric hypersurface and obtain the equivalent of the result by Rao, Mohan Kumar and Peterson. Then we give the classification of rank 2 bundles without “inner” cohomology on 𝒬
n
(n > 3). It surprisingly exactly agrees with the classification by Ancona, Peternell and Wisniewski of rank 2 Fano bundles.
A Targeted Gain-of-Function Screen Identifies Genes Affecting Salivary Gland Morphogenesis/Tubulogenesis in Drosophila
Authors: Maybeck Vanessa , Röper Katja 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
During development individual cells in tissues undergo complex cell-shape changes to drive the morphogenetic movements required to form tissues. Cell shape is determined by the cytoskeleton and cell-shape changes critically depend on a tight spatial and temporal control of cytoskeletal behavior. We have used the formation of the salivary glands in the Drosophila embryo, a process of tubulogenesis, as an assay for identifying factors that impinge on cell shape and the cytoskeleton. To this end we have performed a gain-of-function screen in the salivary glands, using a collection of fly lines carrying EP-element insertions that allow the overexpression of downstream-located genes using the UAS-Gal4 system. We used a salivary-gland-specific fork head-Gal4 line to restrict expression to the salivary glands, in combination with reporters of cell shape and the cytoskeleton. We identified a number of genes known to affect salivary gland formation, confirming the effectiveness of the screen. In addition, we found many genes not implicated previously in this process, some having known functions in other tissues. We report the initial characterization of a subset of genes, including chickadee, rhomboid1, egalitarian, bitesize, and capricious, through comparison of gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes.
Genomic Consequences of Background Effects onscallopedMutant Expressivity in the Wing ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Dworkin Ian , Kennerly Erin , Tack David , Hutchinson Jennifer , Brown Julie , Mahaffey James , Gibson Greg 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGenetic background effects contribute to the phenotypic consequences of mutations and are pervasive across all domains of life that have been examined, yet little is known about how they modify genetic systems. In part this is due to the lack of tractable model systems that have been explicitly developed to study the genetic and evolutionary consequences of background effects. In this study we demonstrate that phenotypic expressivity of the scallopedE3 (sdE3) mutation of Drosophila melanogaster is background dependent and is the result of at least one major modifier segregating between two standard lab wild-type strains. We provide evidence that at least one of the modifiers is linked to the vestigial region and demonstrate that the background effects modify the spatial distribution of known sd target genes in a genotype-dependent manner. In addition, microarrays were used to examine the consequences of genetic background effects on the global transcriptome. Expression differences between wild-type strains were found to be as large as or larger than the effects of mutations with substantial phenotypic effects, and expression differences between wild type and mutant varied significantly between genetic backgrounds. Significantly, we demonstrate that the epistatic interaction between sdE3 and an optomotor blind mutation is background dependent. The results are discussed within the context of developing a complex but more realistic view of the consequences of genetic background effects with respect to mutational analysis and studies of epistasis and cryptic genetic variation segregating in natural populations.
The PP2C Alphabet Is a Negative Regulator of Stress-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Drosophila
Authors: Baril Caroline , Sahmi Malha , Ashton-Beaucage Dariel , Stronach Beth , Therrien Marc 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 pathways, also known as stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) pathways, are signaling conduits reiteratively used throughout the development and adult life of metazoans where they play central roles in the control of apoptosis, immune function, and environmental stress responses. We recently identified a Drosophila Ser/Thr phosphatase of the PP2C family, named Alphabet (Alph), which acts as a negative regulator of the Ras/ERK pathway. Here we show that Alph also plays an inhibitory role with respect to Drosophila SAPK signaling during development as well as under stress conditions such as oxidative or genotoxic stresses. Epistasis experiments suggest that Alph acts at a step upstream of the MAPKKs Hep and Lic. Consistent with this interpretation, biochemical experiments identify the upstream MAPKKKs Slpr, Tak1, and Wnd as putative substrates. Together with previous findings, this work identifies Alph as a general attenuator of MAPK signaling in Drosophila.
Arabidopsis thaliana Genes Encoding Defense Signaling and Recognition Proteins Exhibit Contrasting Evolutionary Dynamics
Authors: Caldwell Katherine S , Michelmore Richard W 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The interplay between pathogen effectors, their host targets, and cognate recognition proteins provides various opportunities for antagonistic cycles of selection acting on plant and pathogen to achieve or abrogate resistance, respectively. Selection has previously been shown to maintain diversity in plant proteins involved in pathogen recognition and some of their cognate pathogen effectors. We analyzed the signatures of selection on 10 Arabidopsis thaliana genes encoding defense signal transduction proteins in plants, which are potential targets of pathogen effectors. There was insufficient evidence to reject neutral evolution for 6 genes encoding signaling components consistent with these proteins not being targets of effectors and/or indicative of constraints on their ability to coevolve with pathogen effectors. Functional constraints on effector targets may have provided the driving selective force for the evolution of guard proteins. PBS1, a known target of an effector, showed little variation but is known to be monitored by a variable guard protein. Evidence of selection maintaining diversity was present at NPR1, PAD4, and EDS1. Differences in the signatures of selection observed may reflect the numbers of effectors that target a particular protein, the presence or absence of a cognate guard protein, as well as functional constraints imposed by biochemical activities or interactions with plant proteins.
Medical and Financial Impact of a Neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Referral Center in the Nitric Oxide Era
Authors: Pawlik Theodore David , Porta Nicolas Francisco Marcos , Steinhorn Robin Heise , Ogata Edward , deRegnier Raye-Ann Odegaard 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVES. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether widespread use of nitric oxide after Food and Drug Administration approval decreased admissions to a neonatal referral center for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation evaluation. We also sought to determine whether antecedent treatment delayed eventual transfer, resulting in sicker patients, increased mortality, increased extracorporeal membrane oxygenation application, and higher direct costs of care.METHODS. This was a retrospective cohort study of all of the patients transferred to a neonatal referral center for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation evaluation before (1995–1999) and after (2000–2005) Food and Drug Administration approval of nitric oxide. Patients were divided into “congenital diaphragmatic hernia” and “persistent pulmonary hypertension” (all other diagnoses) for additional analysis.RESULTS. Admission rates for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation evaluation decreased in the nitric oxide era, and eventual transfer was not delayed. Persistent pulmonary hypertension patients had improved oxygen indexes, a trend toward decreased mortality, decreased extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use, and decreased direct costs. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients had unchanged physiologic measurements, mortality, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use with increased direct costs of care. As a whole, outcomes for patients transferred for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation evaluation improved, whereas direct costs were unchanged.CONCLUSIONS. Persistent pulmonary hypertension patients had improved outcomes with decreased costs, whereas congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients had unchanged outcomes with increased costs. Overall, patients admitted to this NICU because of the presence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation services had improved outcomes without increased costs in the nitric oxide era.
THE EVOLUTION OF SPAWNING MIGRATIONS: STATE DEPENDENCE AND FISHING‐INDUCED CHANGES
Authors: Jørgensen Christian , Dunlop Erin S. , Opdal Anders Frugård , Fiksen Øyvind 
Published: December 2008

Individuals migrate to exploit heterogeneities between spatially separated environments to modulate growth, survival, or reproduction. We devised a bioenergetics model to investigate the evolution of migration distance and its dependence on individual states. Atlantic codGadus morhuaranges from sedentary populations to stocks that migrate several thousand kilometers annually. We focused on the Northeast Arctic cod stock, which migrates south to spawn. A linear relationship between migration distance and the expected survival of offspring was assumed, here understood as the prospects for future survival and development that a fertilized egg faces at a particular spawning location. Reasons for why it may increase southward include warmer water that increases development rates, and thereby survival, along the pelagic drift trajectory.In the model, ingested energy can either be allocated to growth or stored for migration and reproduction. When migrating, individuals forgo foraging opportunities and expend energy. Optimal energy allocation and migration strategies were found using state‐dependent optimization, with body length, age, condition, and current food availability as individual states. For both a historical and contemporary fishing regime we modeled two behaviors: (1) homing cod returning to the same spawning site each year and (2) roaming cod with no such constraints.The model predicted distinct regions of locally high spawning stock biomass. Large individuals in good condition migrated farthest, and these also tended to mature later in life. The roaming cod spread farther south as they grew larger and older. Homing cod did not have this freedom, and spawning was generally concentrated along a narrower stretch of the coastline.Under contemporary fishing, individuals matured earlier at a smaller size, had shorter migrations, spawned over a contracted geographical range, and tended to be in poorer condition. The effects were most pronounced for the homing behavior.
Arsenic Exposure through Drinking Water and its Effect on Pregnancy Outcome in Bengali Women
Authors: Sen Jaydip , Chaudhuri Asit 
Published: December 2008

Arsenic Exposure through Drinking Water and its Effect on Pregnancy Outcome in Bengali WomenTwelve districts of the state of West Bengal, India are affected by arsenic (As) and millions of individuals are consuming As-contaminated groundwater. The probable adverse effects of As on pregnancy outcome (stillbirth and miscarriage) are yet to be properly studied. The present investigation is an attempt to understand the effects of As exposure on the pregnancy outcome in Bengali women exposed to As through drinking water and residing in different villages in North 24 Parganas District of West Bengal. The results show a significantly higher rate of stillbirths and miscarriages than those in the unexposed population.
Determination of 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine in Urine Using HPLC With Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Domijan Ana-Marija , Peraica Maja 
Published: December 2008

Determination of 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine in Urine Using HPLC With Electrochemical DetectionEndogenous cell metabolism and different chemicals, drugs, ionising radiation, solar light, cigarette smoking, and air pollution can induce oxidative damage to DNA. Oxidative DNA damage is involved in the development of different diseases, aging, and cancer. Urine 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is widely accepted as a biomarker of the "whole body" oxidative DNA damage. The aim of this study was to introduce a method for determination 8-oxodG in spot urine samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. In the tested range of 50 nmol L-1to 400 nmol L-1, the calibration curve was linear (r2=0.9995) and the limit of detection was 3 nmol L-1. Concentrations of 8-oxodG ranged between 3.0 nmol L-1and 48.0 nmol L-1, which is in accordance with values reported for healthy individuals in other studies.
Cytotoxicity of Polyphenolic/Flavonoid Compounds in a Leukaemia Cell Culture
Authors: Josipović Pavle , Oršolić Nada 
Published: December 2008

Citotoksičnost polifenolnih/flavonoidnih spojeva u kulturi leukemijskih stanicaFlavonoidne sastavnice propolisa biološki su aktivne tvari koje posjeduju antioksidativna, protutumorska, imunomodulacijska i protuupalna svojstva. Istražili smo citotoksično djelovanje polifenolnih spojeva (kvercetina, kavene kiseline, krizina, naringenina i naringina) na različite linije leukemijskih stanica (MOLT, JURKAT, HL-60, RAJI, U937). Stanice su inkubirane u mediju RPMI-1640 obogaćenom 10%-tnim fetalnim telećim serumom, pri temperaturi od 37 °C u atmosferi s 5% CO2, uz dodatak polifenolnih/flavonoidnih spojeva različitih koncentracija (100 μg mL-1, 50 μg mL-1, 25 μg mL-1i/ili 12,5 μg mL-1). Utvrđeno je da citotoksičnost flavonoida ovisi o vrsti i koncentraciji; najjači citotoksični učinak imaju kvercetin te krizin i kavena kiselina. Krizin i/ili naringenin primijenjeni na U937 i HL-60-stanice stimuliraju proliferaciju stanica, što upućuje na bifazni učinak istraživanih spojeva na monocitne leukemijske stanice. Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na potrebu daljnjih istraživanja učinkovitosti flavonoida na molekularnoj razini.
Chromosome Aberrations in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Croatian Hospital Staff Occupationally Exposed to Low Levels of Ionising Radiation
Authors: Kašuba Vilena , Rozgaj Ružica , Jazbec Anamarija 
Published: December 2008

Chromosome Aberrations in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Croatian Hospital Staff Occupationally Exposed to Low Levels of Ionising RadiationMedical staff is an occupational group exposed to different agents suspected to induce genetic damage. Among them ionising radiation is the most studied. Cytogenetic analysis of human chromosomes in peripheral lymphocytes allows direct detection of mutation in somatic cells. This study investigated the cytogenetic effects of low-level ionising x-radiation in 48-hour peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures sampled from 765 hospital staff occupationally exposed to several agents known or suspected to induce chromosome damage and compared them with 200 control subjects. The exposed subjects were divided in eight (8) groups according to their specialities and job titles. The exposed groups manifested an increase in all types of chromosome aberrations. Acentric fragments were the most frequent chromosome-type aberration. Dicentric chromosomes were statistically significant only in urologists/gynaecologists. Age and smoking significantly influenced the incidence of dicentrics in the exposed groups. The frequency of ring chromosomes was low in all exposed groups (range: 0-2), and none were found in the control group. These findings indicate the importance of periodic medical checkups of hospital staff occupationally exposed to low doses of ionising radiation. The purpose is to create an individual cytogenetic register, where changes could evidence individual risks.