bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoluminescence Wavelength Control of Fluorene Derivatives through H-bonding and Protonation
Authors: Kawatsuki Nobuhiro , Minami Yuta , Lee Joenghwan 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
A fluorene monomer, which comprised 4-pyridylcyanovinyl groups (FL-CNPy), was synthesized, and the photoluminescence (PL) properties of FL-CNPy combined with various (di)acids were evaluated. Due to hydrogen (H)-bonding or protonation between the pyridine end groups and acids, the PL emission maxima varied from 460 to 557 nm according to the acidity (pKa) and type of (di)acid. Additionally, adjusting the ratio of FL-CNPy/(di)acid tuned the PL emission wavelength without modifying the materials.
Outcome of treatment for dislocation after primary total hip replacement
Authors: Kotwal R. S. , Ganapathi M. , John A. , Maheson M. , Jones S. A. 
Published: March 2009

We have studied the natural history of a first episode of dislocation after primary total hip replacement (THR) to clarify the incidence of recurrent dislocation, the need for subsequent revision and the quality of life of these patients. Over a six-year period, 99 patients (101 hips) presented with a first dislocation of a primary THR. A total of 61 hips (60.4%) had dislocated more than once. After a minimum follow-up of one year, seven patients had died. Of the remaining 94 hips (92 patients), 47 underwent a revision for instability and one awaits operation (51% in total). Of these, seven re-dislocated and four needed further surgery. The quality of life of the patients was studied using the Oxford Hip Score and the EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire. A control group of patients who had not dislocated was also studied. At a mean follow-up of 4.5 years (1 to 20), the mean Oxford Hip Score was 26.7 (15 to 47) after one episode of dislocation, 27.2 (12 to 45) after recurrent dislocation, 34.5 (12 to 54) after successful revision surgery, 42 (29 to 55) after failed revision surgery and 17.4 (12 to 32) in the control group. The EuroQol-5 dimension questionnaire revealed more health problems in patients undergoing revision surgery.
Intra- and Intersubject Whole Blood/Plasma Cannabinoid Ratios Determined by 2-Dimensional, Electron Impact GC-MS with Cryofocusing
Authors: Schwilke Eugene W , Karschner Erin L , Lowe Ross H , Gordon Ann M , Cadet Jean Lud , Herning Ronald I , Huestis Marilyn A 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground: Whole-blood concentrations of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH) are approximately half of those in plasma due to high plasma protein binding and poor cannabinoid distribution into erythrocytes. Whole blood is frequently the only specimen available in forensic investigations; controlled cannabinoid administration studies provide scientific data for interpretation of cannabinoid tests but usually report plasma concentrations. Whole-blood/plasma cannabinoid ratios from simultaneously collected authentic specimens are rarely reported.Methods: We collected whole blood for 7 days from 32 individuals residing on a closed research unit. Part of the whole blood was processed to obtain plasma, and the whole blood and plasma were stored at −20 °C until analysis by validated 2-dimensional GC-MS methods.Results: We measured whole-blood/plasma cannabinoid ratios in 187 specimen pairs. Median (interquartile range) whole-blood/plasma ratios were 0.39 (0.28–0.48) for THC (n = 75), 0.56 (0.43–0.73) for 11-OH-THC (n = 17), and 0.37 (0.24–0.56) for THCCOOH (n = 187). Intrasubject variability was determined for the first time: 18.1%–56.6% CV (THC) and 10.8%–38.2% CV (THCCOOH). The mean whole-blood/plasma THC ratio was significantly lower than the THCCOOH ratio (P = 0.0001; 4 participants’ mean THCCOOH ratios were &gt;0.8).Conclusions: Intra- and intersubject whole-blood/plasma THC and THCCOOH ratios will aid interpretation of whole-blood cannabinoid data.
Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein H1, a Novel Nuclear Autoantigen
Authors: Van den Bergh Karolien , Hooijkaas Herbert , Blockmans Daniel , Westhovens René , Op De Beéck Katrijn , Verschueren Patrick , Dufour Diana , van de Merwe Joop P , Fijak Monika , Klug Jörg , Michiels Georges , Devogelaere Benoit , De Smedt Humbert , Derua Rita , Waelkens Etienne , Blanckaert Norbert , Bossuyt Xavier 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground: Serum samples from patients with autoimmune connective tissue diseases that show a finely speckled antinuclear antibody (ANA) on indirect immune-fluorescence often have antibodies against unknown nuclear target antigens. To search for such autoantigens we applied a proteomic approach using sera from patients with a high ANA titer (≥640) and finely speckled fluorescence but in whom no antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) could be identified.Methods: Using an immunoproteomics approach we identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (hnRNP H1) as a novel nuclear target of autoantibody response.Results: Recombinant rat hnRNP H1 reacted in Western blot analyses with 48% of 93 sera from patients with primary Sjögren syndrome and with 5.2% of 153 sera from patients with other connective tissue diseases (diseased controls). For comparison, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of anti–Sjögren syndrome A (SSA) antibodies for primary Sjögren syndrome in the same patient cohort were 88.2% and 76.3%, respectively. Interestingly, 5 of 11 primary Sjögren syndrome patients with no anti-SSA or anti-SSB antibodies had anti–hnRNP H1 antibodies. Anti–hnRNP H1 antibodies were preabsorbed by hnRNP H1, as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. In an evaluation of the presence of anti–hnRNP H1 antibodies in 188 consecutive samples submitted to the clinical laboratory with positive ANA (titer ≥160), anti–hnRNP H1 antibodies were found in 3 of 7 (2 primary and 5 secondary) Sjögren syndrome patients and in 8.3% of the diseased controls.Conclusions: HnRNP H1 is a newly discovered autoantigen that could become an additional diagnostic marker.
Prostate Specific Antigen Detection Using Microgapped Electrode Array Immunosensor with Enzymatic Silver Deposition
Authors: Huang Yong , Wang Tai-Hong , Jiang Jian-Hui , Shen Guo-Li , Yu Ru-Qin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground: Analysis of trace proteins plays an essential role in the fields of biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. Development of methods for the detection of proteins at very low concentrations has historically been a challenge in immunochemistry. We have developed an electrical immunosensor for the detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA).Methods: The electrical immunosensor uses a microgapped interdigitated electrode array (MGIDEA) based on enzymatic silver deposition reaction. The deposition of silver was dispersed over the microgaps and allows the microgapped interdigitated electrodes to be electrically connected, resulting in an increase in electrical conductance of MGIDEA that is used to quantify the analyte concentration. We used this electrical immunosensor to measure PSA in human serum samples from patients with prostate diseases.Results: This electrical immunosensor exhibited a linear response with PSA concentrations over a 6-decade range from 1.0 pg/L to 1.0 μg/L, with detection limit of 0.9 pg/L. PSA concentrations using this immunosensor agreed within 10% of those obtained using a commercial chemiluminescent immunoassay.Conclusions: The MGIDEA method has characteristics (analyte specific, low background, low limit of detection) that provide potential for molecular detection in various biomedical areas.
Activity Assays and Immunoassays for Plasma Renin and Prorenin: Information Provided and Precautions Necessary for Accurate Measurement
Authors: Campbell Duncan J , Nussberger Juerg , Stowasser Michael , Danser A H Jan , Morganti Alberto , Frandsen Erik , Ménard Joël 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground: Measurement of plasma renin is important for the clinical assessment of hypertensive patients. The most common methods for measuring plasma renin are the plasma renin activity (PRA) assay and the renin immunoassay. The clinical application of renin inhibitor therapy has thrown into focus the differences in information provided by activity assays and immunoassays for renin and prorenin measurement and has drawn attention to the need for precautions to ensure their accurate measurement.Content: Renin activity assays and immunoassays provide related but different information. Whereas activity assays measure only active renin, immunoassays measure both active and inhibited renin. Particular care must be taken in the collection and processing of blood samples and in the performance of these assays to avoid errors in renin measurement. Both activity assays and immunoassays are susceptible to renin overestimation due to prorenin activation. In addition, activity assays performed with peptidase inhibitors may overestimate the degree of inhibition of PRA by renin inhibitor therapy. Moreover, immunoassays may overestimate the reactive increase in plasma renin concentration in response to renin inhibitor therapy, owing to the inhibitor promoting conversion of prorenin to an open conformation that is recognized by renin immunoassays.Conclusions: The successful application of renin assays to patient care requires that the clinician and the clinical chemist understand the information provided by these assays and of the precautions necessary to ensure their accuracy.
The Rationale for Monitoring Invasive Plant Populations as a Crucial Step for Management
Authors: Maxwell Bruce D. , Lehnhoff Erik , Rew Lisa J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMany land managers are faced with trying to optimize management of invasive plant species based on budget constraints and lack of knowledge of the true potential of the species. Generally, “early detection rapid response” (EDRR) is the assumed best management strategy and tends to drive management regardless of the invasion stage or possible variation in the invasion potential of the population. We created a simulation model to evaluate the optimal management strategy to reduce the rate of invasion of nonindigenous plant species. The strategies were specifically chosen to assess the value of information from monitoring populations. We compared four management strategies and a no-management control over a 20-yr period in the context of a management area: (1) managing a fixed number of populations at random each year (EDRR random), (2) managing an equivalent number of populations along a road each year (EDRR road), (3) managing half of the fixed populations that were determined by monitoring to be sources of new populations (monitoring every year), and (4) managing an equivalent set of source populations only on even years, leaving the odd years for monitoring (monitoring every other year). EDRR random location without regard to population invasion potential, and monitoring every year targeting management on populations determined to be invasive (sources for new populations), were the most successful strategies for reducing the increase in total number of populations. The model simulations suggest that managers could dedicate 50% of their management time to monitoring without risk of accelerating invasions or reducing the impact of their weed management program.
Geographic Patterns of Interspecific Hybridization between Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) and Diffuse Knapweed (C. diffusa)
Authors: Blair Amy C. , Hufbauer Ruth A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHybridization between species has the potential to change invasion dynamics. Field observations suggest that spotted knapweed and diffuse knapweed, two ecologically and economically destructive invasive plants, hybridize in their introduced range. As a first step towards understanding whether hybridization has affected the dynamics of the invasion of these species, we conducted field surveys in the introduced (North American) and native (European) ranges to discern patterns of hybridization and measured fitness-related traits among field hybrids and parental species. In North America we detected plants with hybrid morphology in 97% of the diffuse knapweed sites (n= 40); such hybrid plants were taller and more often exhibited polycarpy than plants with typical diffuse knapweed morphology. Hybrids were not detected in North American spotted knapweed sites (n= 22). In most regions surveyed in Europe, diffuse knapweed and spotted knapweed were isolated from each other and existed as distinct, nonhybridizing species. However, in Ukraine, the two species frequently coexisted within a site, resulting in hybrid swarms. On average, the plants from the North American diffuse knapweed sites (including plants with both diffuse and hybrid morphology), were larger than the apparently pure diffuse knapweed in the native range. The cross-continental patterns of hybridization likely are explained by differences in cytology. It recently has been confirmed that the spotted knapweed in North America is tetraploid whereas the diffuse knapweed is diploid. Genetic incompatibilities associated with these two cytotypes likely prevent ongoing hybridization. We hypothesize that hybrid individuals were introduced to North America along with diffuse knapweed. Because plants with hybrid morphology are found in nearly all North American diffuse knapweed sites, the introduction of hybrids likely occurred early in the invasion of diffuse knapweed. Thus, although the presence of hybrids might facilitate the ongoing invasion of diffuse knapweed into North America, elevated concern regarding their presence might not be warranted. Because such individuals are not likely to represent a new hybridization event, currently effective management strategies used in diffuse knapweed sites should not need alteration.
Land Manager and Researcher Perspectives on Invasive Plant Research Needs in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Renz Mark , Gibson Kevin D. , Hillmer Jennifer , Howe Katherine M. , Waller Donald M. , Cardina John 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn 2006, the Midwest Invasive Plant Network's Research Committee conducted a web-based survey to help identify research needs and interactions between land managers and researchers working to manage invasive plants in the Midwest. Of 192 responses, 30% identified themselves as researchers and 70% identified themselves as managers. Researchers and managers rated working together on invasive plant issues as high or medium in importance, but neither group rated the current level of cooperation as high, with over 90% describing current cooperation as low or medium. Both groups self-associate, with 89% of researchers working with other researchers and 77% of managers working with other managers. “Lack of time” and “lack of money” were the main issues limiting researchers and land managers from working more closely together: money was a greater constraint for researchers and time was more important for land managers. To help researchers and land managers work more effectively together, both groups favored opportunities to develop research-based projects at land managers' sites, with funding from a cooperative grant program. Open-ended responses suggest that on-site experiments and demonstrations of management methods could help researchers and land managers interact more effectively. Researchers rated basic biology as more important than land managers did, but neither group judged testing theories of invasion as a high priority. “Social/political factors” and “risk assessment” were viewed as less important despite their clear relevance in the introduction and spread of invasive plants.
Stacking Seismograms to Improve Microseismic Images
Authors: Shemeta J. E. , Maxwell S. , Warpinski N. R. , Quimby S. , Riebel T. , Phillips Z. , Kinser J. R. , Hinds G. , Green T. W. , Waltman C. K. 
Published: March 2009

Summary
Microseismic mapping's primary limitation is its viewing distance, which is affected by noise, attenuation, and the intrinsic size of the source event. In the Rocky Mountains, the required viewing distances are often less than typical offset-well spacings, making accurate mapping difficult in many fields. A new approach to improving microseismic mapping capabilities is to digitally stack the signals from separate adjacent receivers to obtain noise cancellation. This approach requires large numbers of receivers and fast telemetry rates to obtain the necessary data. An experiment has been conducted in the Uintah basin with a 12 level receiver array in which 3 of the 12 levels consisted of triple receiver stacks. The improvement in the signal quality consists of reduced noise, improved hodogram linearity, and clearer phase arrivals. The subsequent microseismic maps using stacked data are both more accurate and contain more events that can be analyzed.
Production Optimization by Real-Time Modeling and Alarming: The Sendji Field Case
Authors: Danquigny Jacques , Daïan Renaud , Tison Marc , Herrera Ronald , Ndombi Alain-Serge , Valette Pierre 
Published: March 2009

Summary
Digital technologies can improve oil production and reduce operating costs. In this prospect, TOTAL launched a corporate program called "Field Monitoring" to capitalize affiliate previous experiences. For gas-lifted wells, it resulted in the development of the "Well Performance Monitoring" (WPM) tool implemented in December 2006 at the Sendji field located offshore Congo.
This paper presents the main workflows, functionalities, and added value of WPM.
Besides multi-real-time data trends, the application offers color-coded multialarm visualization versus time. These alarms are ranked in terms of "priority" and aggregated at each well, platform, field, and asset level, which allows well engineers to easily track down underperforming wells.
Alarms priority can be linked either to well integrity issues or production losses. These real-time estimated losses are computed using network and well-modeling softwares; they highlight deviation from optimum operating set points.
WPM makes easier regular optimization of gas-lift optimization by feeding models inputs with user-validated real-time data.
A major challenge of right-time production optimization is to sustain updated models. Two workflows address this issue: 1) automatic modeling of production well tests and 2) real-time modeling of the actual behavior of the production system. When a significant difference occurs between modeling and reality, a specific alarm is triggered.
This paper shows various examples of enhanced well performance diagnosis and the corresponding production gains. Also, good support from onsite teams was achieved thanks to key technical solutions, such as user-friendly interface, possible individual tuning of each alarm, and handling of unstable or unmatched wells. Finally, WPM enables computation of KPIs that allow the evaluation of potential well interventions.
This tool will be deployed at a corporate level and extended to ESP-lifted wells, gas injectors or producers, and to subsea wells in deep offshore environment. The general alarming, interface features, and data architecture will be applied to surface equipment monitoring and optimization.
A Systematic Investigation of Girassol Deepwater-Field Operational Data To Increase Confidence in Multiphase Simulation
Authors: Zakarian Erich , Larrey Dominique 
Published: March 2009

Summary
After more than 5 years of experience as operator of Girassol, the earliest deepwater field put in production offshore West Africa, Total has recorded a large amount of operational data. The production system includes several conventional subsea loops connected to a floating-production, storage and offloading vessel (FPSO) at 1,350-m water depth, with gas lift injected at the bottom of the risers for activation and flow stabilization.
A systematic review of the operating parameters of the subsea production loops over the past years gave the opportunity to extract series of measurements representative of a wide range of flow rates, watercuts, and gas-lift rates, including flow-stability tests performed both on upward- and downward-sloping flow-lines. These data were compared to the results obtained from dynamic simulations performed with the simulation code OLGA, originally used for the design of the subsea production system. The comparison focused on the overall pressure drop between manifolds and topside and on the transition between stable and unstable flow with decreasing gas lift rate.
The work was conducted in two steps. First, updating the model of each flowline to implement the details of the as-built geometry, then performing extensive numerical simulations and post-processing of the selected operational cases. Particular attention was paid to the first step to achieve the best compromise between model accuracy and computation speed. The optimum was met when the model, run with the Slug Tracking option, was able to reproduce the transition to unstable flow observed onsite.
To investigate future operating conditions of the Girassol field, this methodology will help to establish a confidence level in multiphase simulation. This work can also serve as a reference for other deepwater-field developments.
Asphaltene Precipitation From Reservoir Fluids: Asphaltene Solubility and Particle Size vs. Pressure
Authors: Muhammad Moin , McFadden Jim , Creek Jeff 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The near-infrared (NIR) light scattering technique, commercially known assolids detection system (SDS) is widely used to determine the asphalteneprecipitation pressure in reservoir fluids. In this study the SDS is used tocompare samples collected from the same zone in the same well at the same timebut in different sample chambers. The SDS technique is further compared withhigh pressure filtration for the same fluid studied by SDS In addition,asphaltene precipitation as a function of pressure was determined.
The results of this study indicate that the SDS test provides a quick toolto determine the asphatene precipitation pressure but has limited sensitivity.Furthermore, the bulk of asphaltenes tended to precipitate within a narrowpressure range near the precipitation onset pressure for the fluid sampletested in this study.