bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid shear‐induced activation and cleavage of CD18 during pseudopod retraction by human neutrophils
Authors: Shin Hainsworth Y. , Simon Scott I. , Schmid‐Schönbein Geert W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSurface membrane expression and conformational activation of CD18 integrins into an open molecular configuration play critical roles in neutrophil ligand binding, membrane attachment, spreading on the endothelium, and cell migration to sites of inflammation. Previously, we observed pseudopod retraction and concomitant cleavage of CD18 by human neutrophils upon exposure to fluid shear stress. But the underlying cellular mechanism(s) linking these phenomena remains unknown. We hypothesize here that activation of CD18 under the influence of fluid shear stress leads to its increased susceptibility to proteolytic cleavage by lysosomal proteases such as cathepsin B and is a requirement for CD18 cleavage and subsequent pseudopod retraction. Specifically, we report conformational changes in the CD18 extracellular domain on neutrophils exposed to physiological fluid shear stresses. Western blot analysis using a CD18 antibody targeted against the intracellular domain revealed reduced levels of full‐length CD18 after stimulation of neutrophils with either fluid shear stress or with the Ca2+ ionophore phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA; 100 nM) in the presence of exogenous cathepsin B (0.5 U/ml). Moreover, we identified cathepsin B as one protease that may be released by neutrophils under flow and required for shear‐induced pseudopod retraction. These results suggest that a putative mechanotransduction mechanism involving shear‐induced changes in the conformation of CD18 and its subsequent cleavage from the cell surface serves to regulate pseudopod activity of neutrophils under physiologic shear stress. J. Cell. Physiol. 214: 528–536, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sonographic detection of intrapulmonary shunting of venous gas bubbles during exercise after diving in a professional diver
Authors: Obad Ante , Palada Ivan , Ivancev Vladimir , Valic Zoran , Fabijanic Damir , Brubakk Alf O. , Dujic Zeljko 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe report a case of right‐to‐left intrapulmonary (IP) shunting of venous gas bubbles at a high level of exercise after diving. The diagnosis was made using a 4‐chamber view of the heart via echocardiography during exercise. This case is the first in which we could find evidence of IP shunt recruitment during exercise after diving, and the bubble grade was the highest ever seen in our laboratory. Venous bubbles crossing over through IP shunts during exercise after diving is a very rare event. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
The business cycle in postwar Lebanon
Authors: Dibeh Ghassan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe postwar business cycle in Lebanon was dominated by the exchange rate based stabilization (ERBS) program implemented by the successive postwar governments. In the early period 1993–2002, a boom‐bust dynamics was generated during which the economy exhibited the well‐documented stylised facts of ERBS programs. The paper develops a cyclical index (ci) for Lebanon during this period and a VAR model shows that real interest rates (rr) had a significant impact on the dynamics of the business cycle during the early ERBS period. The second period 2002–2005 was marked by a recovery generated by foreign aid given to Lebanon in the Paris II international donors' conference held in November 2002. The period ended in a recession in 2005 brought about by the assassination of Lebanon's ex‐prime minister Rafic Hariri. The third phase of the business cycle was caused by the Israel–Lebanon war in the summer of 2006 which led to widespread civilian and infrastructure damage and ended a brief recovery in early 2006. Throughout the period 2002–2006, foreign aid was instrumental in the resilience of the ERBS program. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of methods for spatially estimating station temperatures in a quality control system
Authors: You Jinsheng , Hubbard Kenneth G. , Goddard Steve 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe inverse distance weighting (IDW) and spatial regression test (SRT) methods provide data estimates for a station of interest based on the measurements at neighbouring stations. This paper evaluates the performance of the two approaches across the USA in estimating maximum and minimum daily temperature where the estimates are compared to actual measured data. The performance of these approaches was assessed using the coefficient of efficiency, explained variance, root mean square error, systematic and non‐systematic errors. The t‐test and variance test were also used to compare the performances of the two methods. In addition, two other versions of the IDW were tested. The first IDW modification was intended to determine the importance of adding a lapse rate correction to the surrounding stations. The second IDW modification used the intermediate estimates from the SRT method and therefore, by comparison to SRT, showed the relative importance of using SRT weights. The spatial regression approach was found to be superior to all versions of the IDW method especially in the coastal and mountainous regions. The spatial regression approach successfully resolves the systematic differences caused by temperature lapse rate with elevation, which is not accounted for in the inverse distance weighting method. Both the SRT and the IDW methods are found to perform relatively poorly when the weather station density is low. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
A framework for developing high‐resolution multi‐model climate projections: 21st century scenarios for the UK
Authors: Vidal Jean‐Philippe , Wade Steven 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article proposes a framework for building climate projections from an ensemble of global circulation models (GCMs) at the local scale required for impact studies. The proposed method relies on a fine‐scale gridded baseline climatology and consists of the following steps: (1) building appropriate precipitation and temperature time series from land areas covered by GCM sea cells; (2) correction of GCM outputs inherent biases through ‘quantile‐based mapping’; and (3) disaggregation of bias‐corrected outputs with monthly spatial anomalies between GCM‐specific and observed spatial scales. The overall framework is applied to derive 21st century seasonal climate projections and inter‐annual variability for the UK based on an ensemble of six GCMs run under two different emissions scenarios. Results show a large dispersion of changes within the multi‐GCM ensemble, along with a good comparison between scenarios from individual ensemble members and from previous UK and European studies using dynamically downscaled outputs from corresponding GCMs. The framework presented in this article provides appropriate outputs to take account of the uncertainty in global model configuration within impacts studies that are influencing current decisions on major investments in flood risk management and water resources. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Accelerated fracture healing in the geriatric, osteoporotic rat with recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor‐bb and an injectable beta‐tricalcium phosphate/collagen matrix
Authors: Hollinger Jeffrey O. , Onikepe Andrew O. , MacKrell Jim , Einhorn Thomas , Bradica Gino , Lynch Samuel , Hart Charles E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAging and osteoporosis contribute to decreased bone mass and bone mineral density as well as compromised fracture healing rates and bone repair quality. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to determine if recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (rhPDGF‐BB) delivered in an injectable beta‐tricalcium phosphate/collagen matrix would enhance tibial fracture healing in geriatric (>2 years of age), osteoporotic rats. A total of 80 rats were divided equally among four groups: Fracture alone; Fracture plus matrix; Fracture plus matrix and either 0.3 mg/mL or 1.0 mg/mL rhPDGF‐BB. At 3 and 5 weeks, rats were euthanized and treatment outcome was assessed histologically, radiographically, biomechanically, and by micro‐CT. Results indicated rhPDGF‐BB‐treated fractures in osteoporotic, geriatric rats caused a statistically significant time‐dependent increase in torsional strength 5 weeks after treatment. The healed fractures were equivalent in torsional strength to the contralateral, unoperated tibiae. Data from the study are the first, to our knowledge, to underscore rhPDGF‐BB efficacy in an injectable beta‐tricalcium phosphate/collagen matrix accelerated fracture repair in a geriatric, osteoporotic rat model. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Orthop Res 26:83–90, 2008
The growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) core promoter polymorphism is not associated with knee osteoarthritis in the greek population
Authors: Tsezou Aspasia , Satra Maria , Oikonomou Pagona , Bargiotas Konstantinos , Malizos Konstantinos N. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGenetic factors have been shown to play an important role in the etiology of osteoarthritis (OA). A functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) +104T/C; rs143383 in the 5′ UTR of the GDF5 gene was recently associated with susceptibility to osteoarthritis in the Japanese and Chinese population. Our objective was to assess whether this SNP was also associated with knee OA in a Greek Caucasian population sample. The +104T/C SNP was genotyped in a total of 519 case–control cohort; 251 patients with idiopathic knee OA and 268 controls were used. No significant differences were found in genotype or allele frequencies of the +104T/C SNP of GDF5 gene between cases and controls (p < 0.05). Also, no significant differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies were found when the individuals were stratified by sex. Our data implied that the +104T/C; rs143383 GDF5 core promoter polymorphism is not a risk factor for OA etiology in Greek Caucasians. Our study highlights the heterogeneous nature of OA genetic susceptibility. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Orthop Res 26:136–140, 2008
Multiple freeze‐thaw cycled meniscal allograft tissue: A biomechanical, biochemical, and histologic analysis
Authors: Lewis Paul B. , Williams James M. , Hallab Nadim , Virdi Amarjit , Yanke Adam , Cole Brian J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMeniscus allografting has provided relief of meniscal injuries that were previously thought irreparable. However, meniscus allograft tissue remains limited and a significant problem. To improve allograft tissue yield, decrease processing costs, and increase graft availability, this study investigated the biomechanical changes of meniscal allograft tissue frozen and thawed multiple times. Specifically, our study compared the intrinsic compressive resistances of meniscus undergoing four Freeze‐Thaw cycles versus tissue undergoing a single Freeze‐Thaw cycle. Seven menisci that were originally procured and processed for allografting were donated for the study. Each meniscus was segmented and samples independently underwent novel constant slow‐rate compression testing, and histological and biochemical evaluation. The menisci that underwent a single Freeze‐Thaw cycle demonstrated a significantly higher Young's Modulus (14 megapascals) as compared to menisci undergoing multiple Freeze‐Thaw cycles (10 megapascals, p = 0.03). These results were maintained when medial and lateral menisci were compared independently. Histological and biochemical analyses supported, but did not provide an explanation for the change in intrinsic compressive resistance. From these results, transplantation of meniscal allograft tissue frozen and thawed four times may be compromised in its ability to resist compression; and thus may undermine its role in replacing native meniscal tissue. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:49–55, 2008
Role of osteoblast–fibroblast interactions in the formation of the ligament‐to‐bone interface
Authors: Wang I‐Ning E. , Shan Jing , Choi Rene , Oh Seongcheol , Kepler Christopher K. , Chen Faye H. , Lu Helen H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) inserts into bone through a characteristic fibrocartilagenous interface, which is essential for load transfer between soft and hard tissues. This multi‐tissue interface is lost post ACL reconstruction, and the lack of an anatomic fibrocartilage interface between graft and bone remains the leading cause of graft failure. Currently, the mechanism of interface formation is not known. As a fibrocartilage‐like tissue is found within the bone tunnel post ACL reconstruction, we hypothesize that fibroblast–osteoblast interactions at the graft‐to‐bone junction play a role in fibrocartilage formation. To test this hypothesis, a co‐culture model permitting osteoblast–fibroblast communications was used to determine the effects of heterotypic interactions on cell phenotype and the development of fibrocartilage‐relevant markers in vitro. It was found that co‐culture decreased cell proliferation and osteoblast‐mediated mineralization, while inducing fibroblast‐mediated mineralization. Moreover, the expression of interface‐relevant markers such as collagen type II and aggrecan were detected. Our findings suggest that osteoblast–fibroblast interactions may lead to cell trans‐differentiation and eventual fibrocartilage formation. These results provide new insight into the mechanism of fibrocartilage formation, which are critical for interface tissue engineering and achieving biological fixation of soft tissue grafts to bone. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1609–1620, 2007
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium extract suppresses adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes
Authors: Sheu Fuu , Chuang Wen‐I , Chien Po‐Jung 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis study examined how Citrus herbal medicines—Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium (CRVP), Aurantii Immaturus Fructus (AIF) and Aurantii Fructus (AF)—affect the differentiation of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Eight days after induction for differentiation with 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine, dexamethasone and insulin (MDI) medium and simultaneously with the tested CRP, intracellular triacylglycerol accumulations of 3T3‐L1 cells were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared with those for CRVP, AIF and AF and those of the vehicle control. This suppression affect was dose‐dependent, and decreases in triacylglycerol production of 12.6, 18.7, 34.05 and 49.6% were observed for CRP at concentrations of 50, 100, 150 and 200 µg mL−1 respectively. Additionally, the expression of key transcription factors for the 3T3‐L1 adipogenesis gene, including PPAR‐γ, C/EBP‐α and SREBP‐1, was markedly reduced by CRP treatment. These results suggest that dietary CRP suppresses 3T3‐L1 differentiation by down‐regulation of adipogenic transcription factors. Experimental data may prove useful in further medical examination of the use of CRP for body weight control. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of wheat and oat polysaccharides provided as rolls on the digestion and absorption processes in the small intestine of pigs
Authors: Bach Knudsen Knud Erik , Jørgensen Henry 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe objective of the present investigation was to study the impact of wheat and oat polysaccharides provided as rolls with contrasting dietary fibre characteristics on ileal digesta and portal and arterial plasma glucose concentrations. The diets were offered as baked rolls to eight pigs fitted with a T‐shaped cannula for total collection in a crossover design and to four portal vein‐ and mesenteric artery‐catheterised pigs. Ileal digesta were collected at 2 h intervals during an 8 h sampling period and portal and arterial blood at 10 min intervals from − 10 min up to 120 min and then at 30 min intervals up to 240 min post‐feeding. There was substantial variation in the flow of ileal digesta during the 8 h sampling period, but the flow was more uniform when feeding the oat rolls compared with the wheat rolls. Carbohydrates were the predominant ileal constituent, with most of them present as non‐starch polysaccharides and with starch in both diets almost completely digested at the end of the small intestine. Ingestion of the two diets was followed by a rapid rise in postprandial glucose concentration but with no significant difference in either portal or arterial glucose concentration pattern between the two diets. The recovery of glucose in the portal vein up to 240 min after feeding represented 47–64% of consumed starch. Cellulose, resistant starch and arabinoxylans were almost completely recovered at the ileum, while there was a substantial loss of mixed linkage (1 → 3)(1 → 4)‐β‐D‐glucan. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Polyphenolic composition of a permanent pasture: variations related to the period of harvesting
Authors: Fraisse Didier , Carnat Andrée , Viala Didier , Pradel Philippe , Besle Jean‐Michel , Coulon Jean‐Baptiste , Felgines Catherine , Lamaison Jean‐Louis 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPhenolics contribute to the micronutrient composition of forages, which in turn may affect animal product composition. To assess the importance of these compounds, the polyphenolic and botanical composition of a permanent mountain pasture in the Massif Central (France) were studied at three stages of growth. Phenolic fractions (acids, flavonoids and total) were analysed using HPLC and specific colorimetric methods over the whole pasture and in nine main species. On a botanical level, 43 species including 31 dicotyledons composed a mountain variant ofCynosuriongrouping. Over time, the species growing on the field changed, the main plants beingFestuca nigrescensand eight dicotyledons. In whole pasture, about 170 different compounds were separated by HPLC, of which only 30 were common to all stages. The total polyphenolic content was estimated as 31, 32 and 19 g kg−1DM for the three stages. They were mainly composed of dihydroxycinnamic derivatives (3,5‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinic, chlorogenic, 1,5‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinic acids), and of flavonoids in lesser proportions. Some polyphenols were peculiar to a few species and others were ubiquitous. The two major dicaffeoylquinic acids were identified for the first time inAchillea millefoliumandKnautia arvernensis. Colorimetric measurements of phenolic fractions were in good agreement with HPLC analysis (P< 0.01) for all species studied. Thus, on the mountain pasture studied, a cow would be expected to ingest up to 500 g of polyphenols daily, which could affect the quality of animal products. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Anthocyanin dyes extracted from grape pomace for the purpose of textile dyeing
Authors: Bechtold Thomas , Mahmud‐Ali Amalid , Mussak Rita 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Pomace from different grape varieties was studied with regard to the content of extractable anthocyanins.RESULTS: Total anthocyanin concentrations of 24.5–126 mg dm−3 were found in the extracts. The amount of extractable pigment was dependent on the variety of grape. The extracts were applied in textile dyeing operations using cotton fabric pre‐mordanted with tannin as textile substrate. Red/violet shades were obtained that showed good water‐fastness; however, limited light‐fastness indicated need for improvement to fulfil requirements for textile application.CONCLUSION: Colour measurement by means of CIE‐Lab coordinates and Kubelka–Munk value showed a direct correlation between extractable anthocyanin concentration and colour depth of the dyed material. Thus the analytically determined concentration of anthocyanins in the aqueous extract can serve as a measure of quality of grape pomace as raw material for textile dyeing application. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
A New π‐Conjugated Polymer Containing Isothianaphthene and Dialkoxy‐p‐phenylene Units: Self‐Assembly and Electronic and Optical Properties
Authors: Yamamoto Takakazu , Ootsuka Haruki , Iijima Takayuki 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA new π‐conjugated polymer consisting of isothianaphthene and bis(dodecyloxy)‐p‐phenylene units has been prepared by Pd‐catalyzed organometallic polycondensation. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates that the polymer assumes an interdigitation‐type self‐assembled packing structure in the solid state and aligns on the surface of a platinum plate, with the dodecyloxy side chain oriented toward the surface of the platinum plate. The polymer undergoes facile electrochemical doping as well as chemical doping with iodine and NOBF4. BF‐doped polymer is also considered to assume an interdigitation‐type packing structure in the solid state. Electrical conductivities of the chemically doped polymer are also reported.magnified image
Effect of the Molecular Weight of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) on the Morphology and Performance of Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Ma Wanli , Kim Jin Young , Lee Kwanghee , Heeger Alan J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe morphology and performance of bulk heterojunction solar cells comprised of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) have been investigated using P3HT with different molecular weights (MWs). It is concluded that the optimum annealing temperature for the bulk heterojunction material is related to the MW of P3HT. The best performance is obtained by using P3HT with an optimum ratio between high MW and low MW components. The corresponding ‘ideal morphology’ is comprised of highly ordered crystalline regions formed by low MW P3HT embedded and interconnected by a high MW P3HT matrix.magnified image
Strategy for Better Ordering in Diblock Copolymer Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Lo Chieh‐Tsung , Lee Byeongdu , Rago Nancy L. Dietz , Winans Randall E. , Thiyagarajan P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA simple approach to improve the structural ordering in block copolymer/nanoparticle nanocomposites is presented. It is to blend a small molecular weight homopolymer with the composites, which can uniformly swell the preferred domain where the nanoparticles locate and increase the conformational entropy of the domain. Consequently, the interfaces between the block copolymer domains become smooth that improves the long range order in the nanocomposites. Furthermore, the uniform swelling of the preferred domain by the homopolymer will allow higher loading of nanoparticles without adversely affecting the long range order.magnified image
A continuum theory for first‐order phase transitions based on the balance of structure order
Authors: Fabrizio M. , Giorgi C. , Morro A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFirst‐order phase transitions are modelled by a non‐homogeneous, time‐dependent scalar‐valued order parameter or phase field. The time dependence of the order parameter is viewed as arising from a balance law of the structure order. The gross motion is disregarded and hence the body is regarded merely as a heat conductor. Compatibility of the constitutive functions with thermodynamics is exploited by expressing the second law through the classical Clausius–Duhem inequality. First, a model for conductors without memory is set up and the order parameter is shown to satisfy a maximum theorem. Next, heat conductors with memory are considered. Different evolution problems are established through a system of differential equations whose form is related to the manner in which the memory property is represented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.