bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive high‐level automated driving assistance system with integrated multi‐functionality
Authors: Kong Aijing , Hang Peng , Tang Yu , Wu Xian , Chen Xinbo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdvanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have gained substantial attention in recent years. However, the integration mechanism of multiple functions within ADAS remains unexplored, and the full potential of its functionality remains underutilised. This paper presents a novel multi‐functional integrated High‐level Automated Driving Assistance System that combines the Cruise Control (CC), Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), Automated Emergency Brake (AEB), and Automated Lane Change (ALC) functions. The presented system utilises a hierarchical framework. The extension multi‐mode switch strategy is established as the superior module and the Event‐Triggered Model Predictive Controller (ETMPC) is designed as the inferior controller. The CC, ACC, and ALC functions are effectively utilised to enhance traffic efficiency, while the AEB function ensures driving safety. To address the time constraints of conventional Model Predictive Control, an event‐trigger mechanism is proposed to reduce computational load. Simulations are conducted using the CarSim and Matlab platforms. The study results demonstrate significant improvements in both safety and traffic efficiency compared to conventional ADAS strategies. Furthermore, the proposed ETMPC method significantly reduces the frequency of solving Optimisation Problems and decreases online computation costs.
New insight into the hard X-ray emission influenced by the type I bursts observed by Insight-HXMT during the outburst of 4U 1636–536
Authors: Peng J. Q. , Zhang S. , Chen Y. P. , Kong L. D. , Wang P. J. , Zhang S. N. , Shui Q. C. , Ji L. , Zhang G. B. , Yan Z. , Tao L. , Qu J. L. , Ge M. Y. , Yu Z. L. , Li J. , Chang Z. , Li Z. S. , Zhang P. , Xiao Y. X. , Zhao S. J. 
Published: February 2024

Context.Thermonuclear bursts, also known as type I X-ray bursts, result from unstable nuclear burning of H/He accreted to the surface of neutron stars, lasting from tens to hundreds of seconds. Thermonuclear bursts have an important impact on accretion environments around the neutron stars, such as their disks and coronas, and are therefore a subject of extensive research. Thermonuclear bursts can be used as probes to gain a deeper understanding of the properties of their disks and coronas.Aims.By analyzing the data from Insight-HXMT and NICER, we can determine the evolution of the significance of the hard shortage in 4U 1636–536 with its spectral state, as well as the evolution of the fraction of deficit with energy. Additionally, we investigate the possible geometry and evolution of the corona in 4U 1636–536 by combining our findings with the results of spectral analysis.Methods.We extracted the light curves from the Insight-HXMT low-energy, medium-energy, and high-energy data and subtracted their pre-burst emission, which allowed us to estimate the significance of the hard shortages during the bursts. By fitting the spectra, the correlation between the persistent spectral parameters and the significance of the hard shortages could be established. The bursts were then grouped according to the spectral state in which they occurred, and the significance of the hard shortages was estimated. These in turn helped to investigate the evolution of the fraction of deficit with energy.Results.We find that during the soft state the significance of possible hard X-ray shortage in bursts is almost zero. However, in the hard state, some bursts exhibit significant shortages (> 3σ), while others do not. We attempt to establish a correlation between the significance of the hard X-ray shortage and the spectral parameters, but the data quality and the limited number of bursts prevent us from finding a strong correlation. For bursts with insignificant shortages in the soft state, the fraction of the deficit remains small. However, in the hard state the fraction of deficit for all bursts increases with energy, regardless of the significance of the shortage of individual bursts. For bursts during the hard state, we investigated the evolution of the fraction of deficit during the bursts by stacking the peaks and decays of the bursts, and find that as the flux of the bursts decreases, the energy corresponding to the maximum of the fraction of deficit becomes progressively higher.Conclusions.We explore the possible geometry and evolution of the corona suggested by the evolution of the fraction of deficit, which is obtained from the spectral and temporal analysis.
The X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei: Power spectrum and variance analysis of the Swift/BAT light curves
Authors: Papadakis I. E. , Binas-Valavanis V. 
Published: February 2024

Aims. We study the X-ray power spectrum of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in order to investigate whether Seyfert I and II power spectra are similar or not and whether AGN variability depends on the mass and accretion rate of black holes as well as to compare the power spectra of AGN with the power spectra of Galactic X-ray black hole binaries.
Method. We used 14–195 keV band light curves from the 157-month Swift/BAT hard X-ray survey, and we computed the mean power spectrum and excess variance of AGN in narrow black hole mass and AGN luminosity bins. We fitted a power-law model to the AGN power spectra, and we investigated whether the power spectrum parameters and the excess variance depend on the black hole mass, luminosity, and accretion rate of AGN.
Results. We found the Seyfert I and Seyfert II power spectra to be identical, in agreement with AGN unification models. The mean AGN X-ray power spectrum has the same power-law like shape, with a slope of −1 in all AGN irrespective of their luminosity and black hole mass. We did not detect any flattening to a slope of zero at frequencies as low as 10−9 Hz. We detected an anti-correlation between the power spectral density function (PSD) amplitude and the accretion rate, similar to what has been seen in the past in the 2–10 keV band. This implies that the variability amplitude in AGN decreases with an increasing accretion rate. The universal AGN power spectrum is consistent with the mean 2–9 keV band Cyg X-1 power spectrum in its soft state. We detected a small difference in amplitude, but this is probably due to the difference in energy.
Conclusions. The mean low-frequency AGN X-ray power spectrum is consistent with the extension of the mean 0.01–25 Hz Cyg X-1 power spectrum in its soft state to lower frequencies. We cannot prove that the mean AGN PSD is analogous to the mean Cyg X-1 PSD in its soft state, as we do not know the location of the high-frequency break in the hard X-ray AGN PSDs. However, if this is the case, then the accretion disc in AGN probably extends to the radius of the innermost circular stable orbit (as is probably the case with the black hole binaries in their soft state). The X-ray corona will then be located on top, illuminating the disc and producing the X-ray reflection and disc reverberation phenomena commonly observed in these objects. Furthermore, the agreement between the PSD amplitude in AGN and the Cyg X-1 (either in the soft or the hard state) over many decades in frequency indicates that the X-ray variability process is probably the same in all accreting objects, irrespective of the mass of the compact object. We plan to investigate this issue further in the near future.
Optimisation-based alignment of wide-band integrated superconducting spectrometers for submillimeter astronomy
Authors: Moerman A. , Karatsu K. , Yates S. J. C. , Huiting R. , Steenvoorde F. , Dabironezare S. O. , Takekoshi T. , Baselmans J. J. A. , Brandl B. R. , Endo A. 
Published: February 2024

Context. Integrated superconducting spectrometers (ISSs) for wide-band submillimeter (submm) astronomy use quasi-optical systems for coupling radiation from the telescope to the instrument. Misalignment in these systems is detrimental to the system performance. The common method of using an optical laser to align the quasi-optical components requires an accurate alignment of the laser to the submm beam from the instrument, which is not always guaranteed to a sufficient accuracy.
Aims. We develop an alignment strategy for wide-band ISSs that directly uses the submm beam of the wide-band ISS. The strategy should be applicable in both telescope and laboratory environments. Moreover, the strategy should deliver similar quality of the alignment across the spectral range of the wide-band ISS.
Methods. We measured the misalignment in a quasi-optical system operating at submm wavelengths using a novel phase and amplitude measurement scheme that is capable of simultaneously measuring the complex beam patterns of a direct-detecting ISS across a harmonic range of frequencies. The direct detection nature of the microwave kinetic inductance detectors in our device-under-test, DESHIMA 2.0, necessitates the use of this measurement scheme. Using geometrical optics, the measured misalignment, a mechanical hexapod, and an optimisation algorithm, we followed a numerical approach to optimise the positioning of corrective optics with respect to a given cost function. Laboratory measurements of the complex beam patterns were taken across a harmonic range between 205 and 391 GHz and were simulated through a model of the ASTE telescope in order to assess the performance of the optimisation at the ASTE telescope.
Results. Laboratory measurements show that the optimised optical setup corrects for tilts and offsets of the submm beam. Moreover, we find that the simulated telescope aperture efficiency is increased across the frequency range of the ISS after the optimisation.
Funktionelle Stimmtransition von Trans*Frauen – Eine Doppelfallstudie
Authors: Stang Philipp , Gillig Katrina 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Stimmtransition ist ein wichtiger Aspekt des Angleichungsprozesses insbesondere für Trans*Frauen.
Methoden Im Rahmen einer explorativen mixed-methods Doppelfallstudie im Längsschnittdesign wurde die logopädische Stimmtransition evaluiert.
Ergebnisse Den als hinreichend weiblich beurteilten Sprechstimmen in den Audioaufnahmen wurde von den Probanden, zwei Trans*Frauen, das Adjektiv „feminin“ zugeschrieben, während von den Logopäden die Adjektive „hoch“ und „hell“ zugeschrieben wurden. Phonetisch beträgt die mittlere Sprechtonhöhe in diesen Aufnahmen 176.02 Hz. bzw. 145.58 Hz. Signifikante Unterschiede mit großen Effektstärken konnten zwischen den Mittelwerten zu WP (Weiblichkeitsbeurteilung der Probandinnen) und ZP (Zufriedenheitsbeurteilung der Probandinnen) der Probandinnen 1 und 2 festgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse der Audioaufnahmen zeigen einen starken Zusammenhang zwischen Zufriedenheit und Weiblichkeitsbeurteilung bei den Testpersonen und einen mittleren Zusammenhang in der Fremdbeurteilung durch die Logopädinnen. Aus den Interviewergebnissen leiten sich Empfehlungen für einen niederschwelligen Zugang zu relevanten Informations- und Therapieangeboten ab.
Fazit Stimmtraining kann bei Trans*Frauen im Rahmen der Stimmtransition zu einer Steigerung der Stimmhöhe, Weiblichkeitseinschätzung und Zufriedenheit führen.
Synthesis of Stilbenes by Cyanide/Base-Mediated Coupling of Benzylic Chlorides and Alcohols
Authors: Madsen Robert , Schichler Johanna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA straightforward procedure has been developed for the direct synthesis of stilbenes from benzylic chlorides and alcohols. The transformation employs a two-step one-pot protocol where the benzylic chloride is first subjected to a substitution with potassium cyanide in o-xylene. Without workup, the resulting arylacetonitrile is then reacted directly with the benzylic alcohol and potassium tert-butoxide to generate the stilbene framework. The condensation has been performed with a variety of commercially available benzylic chlorides and alcohols to afford substituted stilbenes as the pure E-isomers. A kinetic isotope effect of 5.2 has been measured for the overall transformation when comparing benzyl alcohol and α,α-d
2-benzyl alcohol. The release of cyanide during the final elimination to stilbene has been confirmed by a picrate test. Thus, the potassium tert-butoxide-mediated elimination of cyanide is believed to proceed by an E1cB mechanism where the deprotonation reaction constitutes the rate-determining step.
Categorising and cohabiting: practices as the site of biosocial becoming
Authors: Shove Elizabeth , Blue Stanley , Kelly Michael P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this article we argue that social practices, which consist of sayings and doings that extend across space and time, generate and sustain distinctive patterns of microbial interaction. In taking this approach, we position practice theory within and not outside the realm of contemporary biological processes, including processes that matter for human health. In working towards this conclusion, we show how categories and distinctions (e.g. between communicable and non-communicable disease) are embedded in medical responses and in the lives of potentially harmful bacteria like Helicobacter Pylori. Our next step is to explain how social practices engender patterns of cohabitation, interaction and mutual adaptation between microbes within and beyond the body, processes we illustrate with reference to anti-microbial resistance. The conclusion that human and microbial coexistence is, in various ways, defined by the lives of social practices provides an important bridge between the social and natural sciences and a starting point from which to approach fundamental questions about the dynamics of biosocial becoming, and the part that public policies play in these processes.
The ‘China Threat’: Stereotypical representations in the US competition with China
Authors: Lucenti Flavia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhen Donald Trump was elected, the idea of the ‘China Threat’ gained popularity. Nonetheless, this was not a novelty. From the early nineties, when the country consolidated its economic growth, concern had begun to spread that China would convert its economic resources into a military force to turn against the US. This article explores whether the concept of the China Threat may have been influenced by stereotypical representations rooted in US academic thinking and shared at the government level. The analysis proceeds by adopting a three-stage approach. First, it draws a theoretical framework that intertwines a constructivist perspective from IR theory with social psychology, referring to Social Representations Theory and theories of stereotypes. Second, while focusing on the expressions ‘Thucydides’ Trap’ and ‘New Cold War’, it describes how the China Threat has been elaborated in the US scholarly agenda. Finally, it discusses how the China Threat has found an outlet especially in the Trump administration’s narrative.
The inferiors imitate the superiors: the government’s low-carbon concerns and the renewable energy technology of firms
Authors: Du Weijian , Li Mengjie , Wang Zhaohua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExisting research has focused mainly on the technological effects of rigid constraints such as low-carbon policies, but there has been little exploration of flexible constraints such as the government’s low-carbon concerns. To explore the role of flexible low-carbon constraints and effective paths for achieving low-carbon development, this paper theoretically and empirically investigates the influence of the government’s low-carbon concerns on local firms’ innovation in renewable energy technology and the underlying mechanism. Benchmark analysis shows that the government’s low-carbon concerns can improve renewable energy technology among firms in an area. Mechanism analysis reveals that low-carbon concerns promote firms’ renewable energy technology adoption by increasing the amount of research and development (R&D) investment and government subsidies and energy use costs of firms in the area. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that heterogeneity exists across technologies, firms, industries and locations in terms of the incentive impact of the government’s low-carbon concerns on the level of renewable energy technology innovation. Extensive analysis indicates that the government’s low-carbon concerns have a long-term incentive impact on the renewable energy technology of local firms and a positive demonstration impact on the renewable energy technology of neighboring firms. This study is helpful in that it explores the major driving factors behind the creation of a low-carbon economy and the achievement of climate targets.
Intense charge transfer plasmons in golden nanoparticle dimers connected by conductive molecular linkers
Authors: Fedorov A. S. , Visotin M. A. , Lukyanenko A. V. , Gerasimov V. S. , Aleksandrovsky A. S. 
Published: February 2024

Golden nanoparticle dimers connected by conjugated molecular linkers 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene are produced. The formation of stable dimers with 22 nm diameter nanoparticles is confirmed by transmission electron microphotography. The possibility of charge transfer through the linkers between the particles in the dimers is shown by the density functional theory calculations. In addition to localized plasmon resonance of solitary nanoparticles with a wavelength of 530 nm, the optical spectra exhibit a new intense absorption peak in the near-infrared range with a wavelength of ∼780 nm. The emergent absorption peak is attributed to the charge-transfer plasmon (CTP) mode; the spectra simulated within the CTP developed model agree with the experimental ones. This resonant absorption may be of interest to biomedical applications due to its position in the so-called transmission window of biological tissues. The in vitro heating of CTP dimer solution by a laser diode with a wavelength of 792 nm proved the efficiency of CTP dimers for achieving a temperature increase of ΔT = 6 °C, which is sufficient for hyperthermia treatment of malignant tumors. This indicates the possibility of using hyperthermia to treat malignant tumors using the material we synthesized.
Quantum-classical rate coefficient datasets of vibrational energy transfer in carbon monoxide based on highly accurate potential energy surface
Authors: Hong Qizhen , Storchi Loriano , Coletti Cecilia , Li Jia , Sun Quanhua , Li Jun 
Published: February 2024

A merged potential energy surface (PES) is introduced for CO + CO collisions by combining a recent full-dimensional ab initio PES [Chen et al. J. Chem. Phys. 153, 054310 (2020)] and analytical long-range multipolar interactions. This merged PES offers a double advantage: it retains the precision of the ab initio PES in describing the van der Waals well and repulsive short range while providing an accurate physical description of long-range interaction; it significantly reduces the computational time required for trajectory integration since the long-range portion of the ab initio PES (involving numerous neural network fitting parameters) is now replaced by the analytical model potential. Based on the present merged PES, mixed Quantum-Classical (MQC) calculations, which capture quantum effects related to vibrational motion, align with a range of experimental data, including transport properties, vibrational energy transfer between CO and its isotoplogues, as well as rate coefficients for V–V and V–T/R processes. Notably, the original ab initio PES yields V–T/R rate coefficients at low temperatures that are significantly higher than the experimental data due to the artificial contribution of its unphysical long-range potential. In addition to conducting extensive MQC calculations to obtain raw data for V–V and V–T/R rate coefficients, we employ Gaussian process regression to predict processes lacking computed MQC data, thereby completing the considered V–V and V–T/R datasets. These extensive rate coefficient datasets, particularly for V–T/R processes, are unprecedented and reveal the significant role played by V–T/R processes at high temperatures, emphasizing the necessity of incorporating both V–V and V–T/R processes in the applications.
Second language processing of English definite noun phrases by Spanish speakers and Japanese speakers
Authors: Snape Neal , Hosoi Hironobu , Umeda Mari 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The present study examines the acquisition of definite noun phrases (NPs) in L2 English. Both English and Spanish
have a definite article, but Japanese lacks articles, though definite anaphoric and definite non-anaphoric are present to some
degree through the optional use of sono (the/that). A self-paced reading task was administered to assess
real-time processing in the comprehension of different types of definite NPs by L2-English learners. The self-paced reading
results show processing of definite NPs is influenced by proficiency level rather than L1 transfer effects. We discuss our
findings in reference to the Morphological Congruency Hypothesis and the Lexical Learning/Lexical Transfer model and suggest that
our data support the latter but not the former.
Stability estimate for an inverse stochastic parabolic problem of determining unknown time-varying boundary
*
Authors: Liao Zhonghua , Lü Qi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Stochastic parabolic equations are widely used to model many random phenomena in natural sciences, such as the temperature distribution in a noisy medium, the dynamics of a chemical reaction in a noisy environment, or the evolution of the density of bacteria population. In many cases, the equation may involve an unknown moving boundary which could represent a change of phase, a reaction front, or an unknown population. In this paper, we focus on an inverse problem with the goal is to determine an unknown moving boundary based on data observed in a specific interior subdomain for the stochastic parabolic equation. The uniqueness of the solution of this problem is proved, and furthermore a stability estimate of log type is derived. This allows us, theoretically, to track and to monitor the behavior of the unknown boundary from observation in an arbitrary interior domain. The primary tool is a new Carleman estimate for stochastic parabolic equations. As a byproduct, we obtain a quantitative unique continuation property for stochastic parabolic equations.
Production and protection of entanglement via vacuum induced coherences
Authors: Nair Anjali N , Arun R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The entanglement dynamics of a pair of three-level V-type atoms decaying spontaneously in a common vacuum reservoir is investigated. Under the condition that the decaying transitions in the atoms have parallel dipole moments, the effect of coherences induced by spontaneous emission is considered in the atomic dynamics. We show that vacuum-induced coherence (VIC) and collective effects in atomic decay play a significant role in the creation of entanglement. By using negativity as a measure of entanglement, we study the time evolution of entanglement for initial separable and generalized Dicke states as well as maximally entangled qutrit states. We show that the effects of VIC enhance the production of entanglement from initial separable states of the atoms. We also show that the entanglement can be protected in steady-state for atoms evolving from initial entangled states. The amount of entanglement that can be preserved is more in the presence of VIC than in its absence.