bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative high pressure Raman study of individual and bundled single‐wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Christofilos D. , Arvanitidis J. , Andrikopoulos K. S. , Kourouklis G. A. , Ves S. , Takenobu T. , Iwasa Y. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this work, individual single‐wall carbon nanotubes (i‐SWCNTs) and their parent bundled material (b‐SWCNTs) are investigated by means of high pressure Raman spectroscopy. Pressure application results in the broadening and intensity redistribution of the radial breathing modes (RBMs) in both materials. These changes are more pronounced in the case of bundled SWCNTs as it is also evident by the abrupt increase of the G+ bandwidth at ∼5.5 GPa, in contrast to the smoother pressure response of the individual tubes. Our experimental findings reflect the size dependent cross‐section deformation of carbon nanotubes which evolves differently in the two materials investigated. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Second‐order Raman study of double‐wall carbon nanotubes under high pressure
Authors: Papagelis K. , Arvanitidis J. , Christofilos D. , Andrikopoulos K. S. , Takenobu T. , Iwasa Y. , Kataura H. , Ves S. , Kourouklis G. A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe high pressure response of the second‐order Raman G ′ band in a high quality bundled double wall carbon nanotube (DWCNT) material has been investigated by means of Raman spectroscopy up to 10 GPa. At ambient conditions two peaks appear, assigned to the inner and outer tubes of DWCNTs. Upon pressure application, the Raman signal of the outer tubes attenuates significantly. This intensity loss is related to the pressure‐induced structural modifications of the outer shells. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tunable laser in 1575 nm–1225 nm range achieved by pressure tuning combined with grating tuning
Authors: Dybala F. , Bercha A. , Adamiec P. , Bohdan R. , Trzeciakowski W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe demonstrated the pressure and external cavity tuning of commercial telecommunication laser, emitting in the 1500 nm band under normal conditions. The laser had AR coatings on the output mirror and highly reflective coating on its back facet. We measured the tuning ranges of the laser operating CW under four different pressures. The experimental setup was in the Littrow configuration. At each pressure the external cavity arrangement enabled the fine tuning in the range of the positive modal gain. We determined the net gain from the Hakki–Paoli method. The combination of pressure tuning with grating allowed us to obtain the 350 nm tuning range (from 1575 nm to 1225 nm). (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystal stability and pressure‐induced phase transitions in scheelite AWO4 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Eu) binary oxides. II: Towards a systematic understanding
Authors: Manjón F. J. , Errandonea D. , López‐Solano J. , Rodríguez‐Hernández P. , Radescu S. , Mujica A. , Muñoz A. , Garro N. , Pellicer‐Porres J. , Segura A. , Ferrer‐Roca Ch. , Kumar R. S. , Tschauner O. , Aquilanti G. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractRecent experimental measurements and ab initio calculations in scheelite CaWO4, SrWO4, BaWO4, PbWO4, EuWO4 and YLiF4 crystals reveal the existence of complex high‐pressure phase diagrams, which present striking differences but also relevant similarities. In this work we show that the high‐pressure structural sequence in the studied scheelites can be understood on the basis of the positions of the different ABX4 compounds in Fukunaga and Yamaoka's diagram and in Bastide's diagram. Our study can help to understand the phase diagrams and high‐pressure phase transitions occurring in ABX4 compounds with scheelite, wolframite, fergusonite, zircon, or pseudoscheelite structures. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐pressure properties and phase diagram of boron
Authors: Shirai Koun , Masago Akira , Katayama‐Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPhase diagram of boron is theoretically studied, with focusing mainly on difference between α and β phases. The melting curve is calculated by the pressure dependence of the bulk modulus of solid. It is found that the gradient of the melting curve is inverted at a high pressure. Based on this finding, a promising method to obtain good‐quality crystals of α phase is proposed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of the triacylglycerol composition ofBiota orientalis and carrot seed oil
Authors: Lie Ken Jie Marcel S. F. , Lam C. C. , Pasha Mohammed Khysar 
Published: December 2006

Abstract13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis of the whole oil (triacylglycerols) ofBiota orientalis seeds confirms the presence of oleate [18:1(9Z)], linoleate [18:2(9Z, 12Z)], linolenate [18:3((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)], 20:3 (5Z, 11Z, 14Z), 20:4(5Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z), and saturated fatty acids in the acyl groups by comparing the observed carbon shifts with previously established shift data for model triacylglycerols. This technique shows that the saturated, 20:3 and 20:4 fatty acids are distributed mainly in the α‐acyl positions, whereas oleate, linoleate, and linolenate are randomly acylated to the α‐ and β‐positions of the glycerol “backbone”. Stereospecific hydrolysis of theBiota oil with pancreatic lipase, followed by chromatographic analysis of fatty esters, reveals the presence of trace amounts of 16:0(0.7%), 18:0(0.5%), 20:3 (0.4%), and 20:4 (1.3%) in the β‐position of the glycerol “backbone”, which are undetectable by13C NMR technique on the whole oil. Semiquantitative assessment of the13C NMR signal intensities gives the relative percentages of the fatty acid distribution as: saturated 16:0, 18:0 (12.0% α‐acyl), oleate (7.7% α‐acyl 8.7% β‐acyl), total linoleate and linolenate (31.7% α‐acyl; 24.2% βacyl), total 20:3 and 20:4 (15.7% α‐acyl). The13C NMR spectroscopic analysis of carrot seed oil identifies the presence of saturated (18:0), 18:1(6Z), 18:1(9Z), and 18:2(9Z, 12Z). The saturated fatty acid is found in the α‐acyl positions. Semi‐quantitative assessment of the signal intensities gives the relative percentages of the fatty acids as: 18:0 (4.5% α‐acyl), 18:1(6Z) (49.6% α‐acyl; 19.7% β‐acyl), oleate (6.5% α‐acyl; 8.6% β‐acyl) and linoleate (5.2% α‐acyl; 6.9% β‐acyl).
Quantitation of estolides by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Erhan Selim M. , Kleiman Robert , Abbott Thomas P. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractEstolides were produced from meadowfoam oil fatty acids, oleic, linoleic, petroselinic, andcis‐5,cis‐13 docosadienoic acids. Estolide reaction mixtures were quantitated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and compared to the area percentages determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The absorbance frequency of estolide carbonyl (1737 cm−1) is different than the lactone carbonyl (1790 cm−1) and the acid carbonyl (1712 cm−1). Estolide standards were obtained by wiped‐film molecular‐still distillations and column chromatography.
The fatty acid composition of the seeds ofGinkgo biloba
Authors: Hierro Maria Teresa G. , Robertson Graeme , Christie William W. , Joh Yong‐Goe 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of seeds ofGinkgo biloba has been examined by a combination of capillary gas chromatography, silver ion high‐performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Some of the fatty acids identified are unusual in plants and were rather different from those reported earlier. These include ananteiso‐methyl branched fatty acid, 14‐methylhexadecanoic acid, 5,9‐octadecadienoic acid, and 5,9,12‐octadecatrienoic acid. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that all of the double bonds were of thecis‐configuration.
Minor constituents of vegetable oils during industrial processing
Authors: Ferrari R. Ap. , Schulte E. , Esteves W. , Brühl L. , Mukherjee K. D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe report the effects of individual steps of industrial refining, carried out in Brazil, on the alteration of selected minor constituents of oils, such as corn, soybean, and rapeseed oils. Total sterols, determined by capillary gas chromatography (GC), decreased by 18–36% in the fully refined oils, compared with the crude oils. The total steradienes, dehydration products of sterols, were determinedvia a simple clean‐up on a short silica gel column, followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection. The level of steradienes, normally not present in crude oils, increased after each refining step, especially after deodorization. Thus, the content of steradienes increased after deodorization by about 15‐ to 20‐fold in corn and soybean oils, and by about 2‐fold in rapeseed oil. The total steryl esters were also determinedvia clean‐up on a short silica gel column, followed by HPLC with evaporative light scattering mass detection. A minor decrease in the level of steryl esters was observed after complete refining. The individual tocopherols and tocotrienols were determined by HPLC with a fluorescence detector. The level of total tocopherols and tocotrienols decreased by about 2‐fold after complete refining of corn oil and by about 1.5‐fold in soybean and rapeseed oils. In all three cases, maximum reduction of tocopherols was observed after the deodorization step. The level of polymeric glycerides, determinedvia clean‐up on a short silica gel column followed by size‐exclusion HPLC, increased to some extent (0.4–1%) during refining. The level oftrans fatty acids, determined by capillary GC, also increased to a substantial extent (1–4%) after refining.
Progress in table olive debittering: Degradationin vitro of oleuropein and its derivatives byLactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Marsilio V. , Lanza B. , Pozzi N. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractOleuropein, a bitter‐tasting secoiridoid glycoside present in olive leaves and fruit (Olea europaea L.), is hydrolyzed by oleuropeinolyticLactobacillus plantarum strains. The work reports the results of a gas‐chromatographic study of the oleuropein derivatives released by incubation withL. plantarum B21, isolated from table olive brines, and byL. plantarum ATCC 8014. Process kinetics indicate that the bacterial strains initially hydrolyze the oleuropein by means of β‐glucosidase action with formation of an aglycone (the first observable intermediate compound). In a second step, this derivative, by means of esterase action, gives rise to 2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl) ethanol (identified) and elenolic acid (not identified).
Recovered oil from palm‐pressed fiber: A good source of natural carotenoids, vitamin E, and sterols
Authors: Choo Yuen‐May , Yap Soon‐Chee , Ooi Cheng‐Keat , Ma Ah‐Ngan , Goh Swee‐Hock , Ong Augustine Soon‐Hock 
Published: December 2006

AbstractRecovered fiber from pressed palm fruits, which is normally burned as fuel to provide energy for the palm oil mills, has now been found to be a rich source of carotenoids, vitamin E (tocopherol and tocotrienols), and sterols. Residual oil (5–6% on dry basis) extracted from palm press fibers contains a significant quantity of carotenoids (4000–6000 ppm), vitamin E (2400–3500 ppm), and sterols (4500–8500 ppm). The major identified carotenoids are α‐carotene (19.5%), β‐carotene (31.0%), lycopene (14.1%), and phytoene (11.9%). In terms of vitamin E, α‐tocopherol constitutes about 61% of the total vitamin E present, the rest being tocotrienols (α‐, γ‐, and δ‐). The major sterols present are β‐sitosterol (47%), campesterol (24%), and stigmasterol (15%). The oil extracted from palm‐pressed fiber is contaminated with about 30% of palm kernel oil. The quality of this fiber oil is slightly lower than that of crude palm oil in terms of the content of free fatty acids, peroxide value, and anisidine value.
Temperature‐dependent diffusion coefficient of soluble substances during ethanol extraction of clove
Authors: Myint San , Daud Wan Ramli Wan , Mohamad Abu Bakar , Kadhum Abdul Amir H. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient of ethanol‐soluble substances from ground cloves (particle size 250 μm) during extraction was estimated by fitting batch extraction data at several temperatures (27.8, 40, 50, and 60°C) to a previously developed mass transfer model. The model was based on spherical geometry of particles. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to develop an equation that describes the diffusivity as a function of temperature. The temperature dependence ofDA was of the Arrhenius type.
Comparative nutritional quality of palmstearin‐liquid oil blends and hydrogenated fat (vanaspati)
Authors: Ray S. , Bhattacharyya D. K. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAn attempt was made to use high‐melting lowdigestible fat palmstearin as a vanaspati substitute by blending it with polyunsaturated fatty acid‐rich liquid oils. This blending produced fat products of zero‐trans fatty acid content and melting points below the human body temperature, so that they can be digested easily. The new blended products were fed to male albino rats (Charles Foster strain); the coefficients of digestibilities were 94.2% for palmstearin and rapeseed oil blend, 95.1% for palmstearin and sunflower oil blend, and 96.2% for palmstearin and soybean oil blend, which were somewhat better than the digestibility coefficient of conventional vanaspati (93.6%). Feeding experiments for three months showed comparable results in terms of serum lipid profiles. The blended products significantly increased the total cholesterol level but not the free cholesterol level in serum and liver of rats when compared with those of the conventional vanaspati group of rats.
Inhibition of malonaldehyde formation by antioxidants from ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Ogata J. , Hagiwara Y. , Hagiwara H. , Shibamoto T. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe inhibitory effect of α‐tocopherol, β‐carotene, 2″‐O‐glycosyl isovitexin (2″‐O‐GIV), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on malonaldehyde (MA) formation from ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was determined by gas chromatography. The levels of MA formed from 1 mg each of octadecatetraenoic acid (ODTA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) upon oxidation with Fenton's reagent were 29.8±1.5, 17.2±1.5, and 22.0±0.7 nmol, respectively. BHT was most effective toward protecting all three ω3 PUFA, whereas β‐carotene did not exhibit any inhibitory effect. 2″‐O‐GIV inhibited MA formation from EPA and DHA by 56 and 43%, respectively, showing the second greatest inhibitory activity after BHT. α‐Tocopherol inhibited MA formation from ODTA and DHA by 67 and 28%, respectively, but it did not show any activity toward EPA oxidation. The naturally occurring antioxidant, 2″‐O‐GIV, may be useful to prevent oxidation of ω3 PUFA.
Transesterification of phospholipids by acetone‐dried cells of aRhizopus species immobilized on biomass support particles
Authors: Hara Fumiko , Nakashima Toshimitsu 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAcetone‐dried cells of aRhizopus species, immobilized on biomass support particles were applied to the transesterification between phosphatidylcholine and heptadecanoic acid. All eight species ofRhizopus tested exhibited good transesterification performance, with the immobilized cells ofR. niveus, R. delemar, andR. javanicus showing particularly high reaction rates which were equal to or exceeded that of a commercially available immobilized lipase preparation, Lipozyme IM60.
Effect of colony size on the competitive outcome of encrusting colonial organisms
Authors: Nandakumar K. , Tanaka M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe relative importance of colony size ratio of interacting species was studied in Tomioka Bay, Japan. Six encrusting colonial species belonging to the following three different taxonomic groups were tested: Ascidia (three species), Bryozoa (two) and Porifera (one). Colonies of these organisms were grown in the community of sessile organisms developed on plastic panels. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the effect of size ratio on the competitive outcome of interacting colonies. The results between all possible combinations among these six species did not show a significant size effect in competitive outcome (i.e. a larger colony size did not always prove important in the success of a competitive interaction with smaller colonies of other species). On the contrary, competitive success depends on the types of species interacting. Certain species such as Didemnum moseleyi (ascidian) and Haliclona sp. (sponge), in spite of being smaller in colony size, won in competitive interactions with larger colonies of other species such as Diplosoma mitsukurii (ascidian) and Watersipora subovoidea (bryozoan). These results contradict the one reported earlier: that the larger the colony size, the more chance the colony will have to win in competitive interactions.
Individual variation in two host plants of the ladybird beetle, Epilachna pustulosa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Fujiyama Naoyuki , Katakura Haruo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIndividual variation in two species of host plants (thistle, Cirsium kamtschaticum, and blue cohosh, Caulophyllum robustum) of the herbivorous ladybird beetle Epilachna pustulosa was examined under laboratory conditions for their acceptability to adult beetles as a food resource, for adult preference and for larval performance. When clones of these plants were subjected to non‐choice tests using posthibernating female beetles, there was found to be significant intraspecific variation among clones in terms of their acceptability, but interspecific variation was not detected. Significant intraspecific as well as interspecific variation were frequently detected in the two host plants when clones of these plants were subjected to choice tests using posthibernating female beetles; the magnitude of interspecific plant variation for beetle preference is not necessarily larger than that of intraspecific plant variation. Individual variation across plant species with respect to beetle larval performance was also significant. A positive correlation between adult preference and larval performance is suggested across the two taxonomically remote host plant species, thistle and blue cohosh, although this needs further investigation.
Distance effect of co‐occurring tree species on pine wilt disease incidence inPinus densifloraseedlings inoculated withBursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Nakamura Katsunori , Togashi Katsumi , Takahashi Fumiki 
Published: December 2006

AbstractField‐grownPinus densifloraseedlings were inoculated withBursaphelenchus xylophilusand the incidence of pine wilt disease was analyzed with respect to the spatial relationships between pine seedlings and adjacent seedlings of other tree species in a pure pine stand and three stands mixed withAlnus sieboldiana, Sarothamus scopariusor naturally associated species. The disease incidence was 60.9% in a 0–40 cm distance class from the nearestA. sieboldianaseedlings and then decreased with increasing minimum distance. The mean minimum distance between pine seedlings andA. sieboldianawas significantly shorter in diseased seedlings than in healthy ones. The highest disease incidence (53.9%) was found in a 0–40 cm distance class from the nearestS. scoparius, although the relationship with minimum distance was blurred by a high incidence in the 80‐cm distance class. The mean minimum distance between pine seedlings was significantly short in diseased seedlings in a pure stand, whereas it was not so short between pine seedlings and other tree species in the two stands mixed withS. scopariusand the naturally associated species. The distance effect on disease incidence was noticeable inA. sieboldianaandP. densifloraat high density. This was not so clear inS. scopariusand was not found in the naturally associated species.
Stand dynamics during a 12‐year period in a second‐growth stand in a cool temperature forest in northern Japan
Authors: Namikawa Kanji , Ishikawa Yukio , Sano Junji 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn 1981 and 1993, trees over 2 m high were measured and mapped to clarify stand dynamics in two permanent plots of 0.1 ha in a secondary, cool temperate, mixed broadleaf/conifer forest after logging in the Tomakomai Experiment Forest, central Hokkaido, northern Japan. The species could be placed in two groups according to the change in basal area and density, and annual height growth:Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata, Phellodendron amurense, Prunus sargentii and Tilia japonica (Group I: GI) showed episodic regeneration and/or fast height growth;Acer mono, Acer palmatum var. matsumuae and Sorbus alnifolia (Group II: GII) showed continuous regeneration and/or slow height growth. The age distribution of stems over 10 cm in d.b.h. suggests synchronous regeneration of GI and GII species. Vertical stratification was promoted during the 12‐year period by the difference in annual height growth between the two species groups. Additional tree censuses in both remnant old‐growth stands and second‐growth stands after large scale blowdowns demonstrated that Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata is most dominant in stands varying in the stages of development. Disturbance history and successional trends in dominant species implied that stand‐devastating disturbances were responsible for the regeneration of Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata in the study forest.
The role of weed invasion in controlling sand dune reactivation in abandoned fields in semi‐arid Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Nemoto Masayuki , Ohkuro Toshiya , Xu Bin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe growth of crops and invading weeds were examined at six sites under different cultivation conditions in semi‐arid Inner Mongolia, where sand dune reactivation has been controlled by weed invasion. The soil moisture content was not sufficient for crop growth in over‐cultivated farmland. The shortage of moisture in the soil suppresses the growth of both crops and weeds. Accordingly, farmers carry out weeding to maintain better soil moisture conditions for crop growth. Over‐cultivated farmland is often abandoned when the crop yield decreases to an economically unprofitable level. If weed vegetation before abandonment remains, it becomes a core of vegetation expansion and recovers the entire soil surface. While weedy vegetation is lacking or has been grazed by livestock, sand dune reactivation occurs.
Mature tree effect of Acer mono on seedling mortality due to insect herbivory
Authors: Maetô Kaoru , Fukuyama Kenji 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMature tree effects on the mortality and herbivory of current‐year seedlings were investigated in a common subcanopy species, Acer mono Maxim., in a cool temperature mixed forest. The mortality of natural seeldings under the canopy with A. mono layers was greater than that under the canopy without them. Also, the mortality of seedlings in planters located under the crown of an A. mono tree was at least 1.8 times greater than that of those in planters about 5 m away from the crown edge. Pyrrhalta fuscipennis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and other specialist insects, having probably dropped from A. mono crowns, were more frequently observed in planters under A. mono crowns than in those far the crowns. Leaf area loss due to specialist herbivores was probably the main cause of increase in the mortality of A. mono seedlings close to conspecific adults. It is implied that seedling predation by specialist herbivores coming from parent trees is a substantial factor promoting local seed dispersal of A. mono.