bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Components of Partial Disease Resistance in Wheat Detected in a Detached Leaf Assay Inoculated with Microdochium majus using First, Second and Third Expanding Seedling Leaves
Authors: Browne R. A. , Mascher F. , Golebiowska G. , Hofgaard I. S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe use of first, second and third expanding seedling leaves of wheat (L1, L2 and L3 respectively), inoculated with conidial suspensions of Microdochium majus (syn. Microdochium nivale var. majus) in a detached leaf assay, for detecting components of partial disease resistance (PDR) was investigated across a range of wheat cultivars. Incubation periods (period from inoculation to first appearance of symptoms; a dull grey–green water‐soaked lesion) and latent periods (period from inoculation to the first appearance of sporodochia) were longest and lesions smallest on L3. The expression of PDR components on L2 was intermediate to those on L1 and L3. The longer latent periods on L3 typically occurred after leaf senescence contrasting with latent periods on L1 and L2 where sporulation most frequently occurred on relatively green leaf tissue. Cultivar differences in the first appearance of symptoms, incubation period, which occurred before any leaf senescence was observed, correlated significantly across all leaf positions. Similarly cultivar differences in latent period were correlated for L1 and L2. However, latent periods on L3, which were the least consistent between cultivars across experiments, were not correlated with those of L1 or L2 in any experiment. The results indicate that due to the delay in sporulation until after leaf senescence, observations on latent period in L3 are less representative of what occurs in the whole plant where infection of living tissue is of greatest interest. This work indicates that the selection of the first or second expanding leaf of wheat is optimal for the use in the detached leaf assay using M. majus for studying components of PDR.
Development of a Rapid RT‐PCR Test for the Detection of Peach Latent Mosaic Viroid, Pear Blister Canker Viroid, Hop Stunt Viroid and Apple Scar Skin Viroid in Fruit Trees from Tunisia
Authors: Fekih Hassen I. , Roussel S. , Kummert J. , Fakhfakh H. , Marrakchi M. , Jijakli M. H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was developed to investigate the occurrence of ‘peach latent mosaic viroid’ (PLMVd), ‘pear blister canker viroid’ (PBCVd), ‘hop stunt viroid’ (HSVd) and ‘apple scar skin viroid’ (ASSVd) on fruit trees (peach, pear, almond and apple) in Tunisia. The test was initially performed with total RNA preparations from selected isolates and then applied to total RNA preparations from leaf or bark tissues of fruit trees collected in the north of Tunisia and the Sahel. PLMVd was found to occur in peach and pear trees, HSVd in pear, peach and almond trees, and PBCVd in pear trees. Mixed PBCVd–HSVd and PLMVd–HSVd infections occurred naturally in pear trees. ASSVd was not detected in any samples from apple trees. The identity of the detected viroids was confirmed by comparing their sequences with those of other previously characterized isolates. The test was then simplified by direct use of diluted crude plant extracts. The results obtained from crude sap extracts of leaves or bark tissues and from total RNA preparations were identical. This improved test is thus quick and useful for large‐scale routine analysis. It can be used in a certification programme to contribute to prevention of the occurrence and spread of PLMVd, HSVd, PBCVd and ASSVd in Tunisia.
Rosellinia aquilaAmong Fungi on Branches of Sessile Oak with Symptoms of Decline
Authors: Kwaśna H. , ŁAkomy P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRosellinia aquilawas found for the first time in crowns of sessile oaks,Quercus robur(Mattuschka) Liebl., with symptoms of decline. The fungus occurred mostly on diseased branches but also colonized twigs with healthy appearance. Its anamorph and teleomorph stages were produced abundantly on dead branches after long incubation in moist conditions. Colonization of oak trees byR. aquilawas likely to have been facilitated by higher humidity and temperature in the oak stands.
A novel hepatitis B virus X‐interactive protein: Cytochrome C oxidase III
Authors: Wang Xiao Zhong , Li Dan , Tao Qi Min , Lin Na , Chen Zhi Xin 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground:  Hepatitis B virus‐encoded X protein has been shown to be capable of activating many different viral and cellular promoters through protein–protein interactions and to contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. As its mechanism has not yet been identified unequivocally, the aim of the present study was to screen the cellular proteins that can interact with X protein.Methods:  The yeast two‐hybrid system was used to screen the X‐interactive protein. False positive clones were eliminated by segregation analysis, and then putative positive clones were amplified, sequenced and analyzed with bioinformatics. A mating experiment was performed to confirm the binding of putative proteins to X protein in the yeast cells. The specific interaction between X protein and putative proteins in mammalian cells was verified by coimmunoprecipitation.Results:  The hepatitis B virus X‐interactive protein recovered from a human liver cDNA library was cytochrome C oxidase III. The specific interaction between protein X and cytochrome C oxidase III was verified by mating experiment and coimmunoprecipitation of COS7 cell lysates expressing both proteins.Conclusion:  These data support the speculation that cytochrome C oxidase III is a novel functional target of hepatitis B virus X protein in cells.
Expression of Ki‐67, transforming growth factor β1, and B‐cell lymphoma–leukemia‐2 in liver tissue of patients with chronic liver diseases
Authors: Piekarska Anna , Piekarski Janusz , Szymczak Wiesław , Kubiak Robert 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground:  The purpose of the present paper was to assess expression of proliferation, fibrosis and apoptosis markers in different phases of chronic liver diseases.Methods:  Sixty‐six adults with chronic liver diseases (chronic hepatitis C, n = 48; chronic hepatitis B, n = 10; alcohol chronic liver disease, n = 8) treated at the Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology from 1999 to 2001, composed the study group. Liver biopsy specimens were used for immunohistochemical assessment of expression of Ki‐67, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) and B‐cell lymphoma–leukemia‐2 (Bcl‐2). Grade of liver inflammation and stage of fibrosis were evaluated according to the Scheuer scale.Results:  Expression of Ki‐67 in hepatocytes was most intensive in patients with grade 2 and 3 inflammation. The expression in patients with grade 4 inflammation was low. The expression of Ki‐67 in lymphocytes was most intensive in patients with grade 2 inflammation. Expression of TGF‐β1 in hepatocytes reached a maximum in patients with grade 2 or 3 inflammation and dropped in patients with grade 4 inflammation. There was a statistically significant correlation between stage of fibrosis and expression of TGF‐β1 in liver stromal cells. A very strong correlation was found between the expression of Bcl‐2 in bile ductules epithelium and the grade of inflammation (P = 0.006). The expression of Bcl‐2 in hepatocytes was observed only in patients with very intense liver inflammation (grade 3) and in patients with stage 3 or 4 fibrosis.Conclusion:  Processes of proliferation, fibrosis and apoptosis are not directly correlated to progression of liver disease. Expression of studied markers can be used for analysis of dynamics of these processes.
Safety of ketorolac in neonates and infants after cardiac surgery
Authors: MOFFETT BRADY S. , WANN TIFFANY I. , CARBERRY KATHLEEN E. , MOTT ANTONIO R. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryBackground:  Ketorolac is an injectable nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug that is often used as a transitional short‐term analgesic to treat moderate pain and to decrease opioid use. There is a paucity of literature documenting the safety of using ketorolac in neonates and infants after cardiac surgery.Methods:  A retrospective chart review was performed which identified all patients <6 months of age who received ketorolac after cardiac surgery. Patients’ demographic, surgical, and dosing data were collected. A Student's t‐test was used to identify significant differences in renal and hematologic laboratory values at baseline and at 48 h of treatment.Results:  A total of 53 children <6 months of age received at least one dose of ketorolac after cardiac surgery. Eleven of 53 children (21%) were <1 month of age. The blood urea nitrogen/serum creatinine (SCr) levels increased from baseline at 48 h of therapy in all infants, but stayed within normal limits. The largest increase in SCr level from baseline on any day of ketorolac therapy was 26 μmol·l−1 (0.3 mg·dl−1) which occurred in two neonates. Four patients (three infants and one neonate) had minor episodes of bleeding while being treated with ketorolac. There were no clinically significant changes in hemoglobin, hematocrit or platelet count. None of these episodes caused hemodynamic instability nor required transfusion of blood products.Conclusions:  Ketorolac was used safely in neonates and infants who have had cardiac surgery at our institution. Ketorolac was not associated with any adverse hematologic or renal effects. Prospective investigation is warranted to further assess the safety and effectiveness of ketorolac in this patient population.
Measuring anesthesia in children using the EEG
Authors: DAVIDSON ANDREW J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAdvances in electroencephalogram (EEG) processing have produced new interest in measuring anesthesia using the EEG. There are a number of EEG‐based anesthesia ‘depth’ monitors now available and their use in pediatric anesthesia is increasing. Although these monitors have been extensively studied in adults, there are relatively few studies examining their validity or use in children. To some extent we must rely on adult data. However, extrapolation of data from adults to children requires an in depth understanding of the physiology behind the data. The first question is what is being measured. What is anesthesia? A model of anesthesia has several components with arousal as a core component. Arousal can be linked to clinical observations, and correlates with anatomical and physiological studies. The EEG has characteristics that fairly consistently change with arousal during anesthesia, but the relationship between arousal and the EEG is imprecise and drug dependent. This relationship is the basis for using the EEG to measure anesthesia and provides only an indirect measure of consciousness and memory formation. A good understanding of how the EEG is related to anesthesia is essential when interpreting the EEG during anesthesia, and especially when extending the use of the EEG to measure anesthesia in children. Physiological studies in adults and children indicate that EEG‐derived anesthesia depth monitors can provide an imprecise and drug‐dependent measure of arousal. Although the outputs from these monitors do not closely represent any true physiological entity, they can be used as guides for anesthesia and in so doing have improved outcomes in adults. In older children the physiology, anatomy and clinical observations indicate the performance of the monitors may be similar to that in adults, although the clinical relevance of outcomes may be different. In infants their use cannot yet be supported in theory or in practice.
Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome in Korea: Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 1998–2001
Authors: Park H. S. , Kim S. M. , Lee J. S. , Lee J. , Han J. H. , Yoon D. K. , Baik S. H. , Choi D. S. , Choi K. M. 
Published: March 2006

Background:  Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major international health problem. Limited information is available about the prevalence of MetS in Asia, especially in Korea.Objective:  To examine the prevalence and trends of MetS in a Korean population. In addition, we investigated the risk factors associated with MetS.Design and Participants:  A total of 7445 participants aged ≥20 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHNS) 1998 and 5964 participants from the KNHNS 2001 were included in this analysis. The KNHNS is a cross‐sectional health survey of a nationally representative sample of the Korean population. The prevalence of MetS was determined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and the Asia‐Pacific criteria for obesity based on waist circumference (APC‐WC).Results:  Using the ATP III criteria, the age‐adjusted prevalence of MetS among Korean adults was 15.7% (13.7% male, 17.8% female) in 1998 and 14.4% (13.0% male, 16.2% female) in 2001. Using the APC‐WC criteria, the prevalence was 21.6% (19.4% male, 23.9% female) in 1998 and 21.4% (20.1% male, 23.4% female) in 2001. Of the five MetS components, increasing trends were found between 1998 and 2001 in the prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia, low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and central obesity for both men and women. Age, sex, body mass index and a family history of diabetes were associated with MetS.Conclusions:  These results from a representative sample show that MetS is common in Korean adults. A systemic public health programme is required to prevent future increases in diabetes and cardiovascular complications.
PARSIMONIOUS PERIODIC TIME SERIES MODELING
Authors: Lund Robert , Shao Qin , Basawa Ishwar 
Published: March 2006

SummaryThis paper studies techniques for fitting parsimonious periodic time series models to periodic data. Large sample standard errors for the parameter estimates in a periodic autoregressive moving‐average time series model under parametric constraints are derived. Likelihood ratio statistics for hypothesis testing are examined. The techniques are applied in modeling daily temperatures at Griffin, Georgia, USA.
MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION IN LINEAR MODELS WITH EQUI‐CORRELATED RANDOM ERRORS
Authors: Zhang Haimeng , Rao M. Bhaskara 
Published: March 2006

SummaryNecessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of maximum likelihood estimators of unknown parameters in linear models with equi‐correlated random errors are presented. The basic technique we use is that these models are, first, orthogonally transformed into linear models with two variances, and then the maximum likelihood estimation problem is solved in the environment of transformed models. Our results generalize a result of Arnold, S. F. (1981)[The theory of linear models and multivariate analysis. Wiley, New York]. In addition, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of restricted maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters. The results of Birkes, D. & Wulff, S. (2003)[Existence of maximum likelihood estimates in normal variance‐components models. J Statist Plann. Inference.113, 35–47] are compared with our results and differences are pointed out.
Epicuticular compounds and sexual recognition in the ball‐roller scarab, Canthon cyanellus cyanellus
Authors: Ortiz‐Domínguez Maribel , Favila Mario E. , Mendoza‐López María R. , García‐Barradas Oscar , Cruz‐Sánchez Jesús S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe analyzed the role of cuticular compounds in sexual recognition of the carrion ball‐roller scarab, Canthon cyanellus cyanellus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Males rolled food balls with freeze‐killed females on them as though the females were alive. Acceptance of female cadavers was low when they were washed with solvents and increased significantly when the solvent extract was reapplied to the cadavers. Acceptance of female cadavers by males was significantly higher than that of male cadavers by females. Male cadavers washed with solvent and impregnated with female cuticular compounds were accepted by males as though they were frozen or living females. Similarly, extracted female cadavers impregnated with male cuticular compounds were accepted by females. These results suggest that C. c. cyanellus males recognize females by their cuticular compounds, whereas females use a combination of cuticular compounds and other unknown cues to recognize males.
Assessment of the potential of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) varieties as trap plants for management of Chilo partellus
Authors: Khan Zeyaur R. , Midega Charles A.O. , Hutter Nicholas J. , Wilkins Richard M. , Wadhams Lester J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTen Napier grass [Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (Poaceae)] varieties, used in various parts of Kenya as animal fodder, were tested for their potential role as a trap crop in the management of the gramineous spotted stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), through habitat manipulation. Oviposition preference and larval survival and development were determined for each of these varieties under laboratory and screen‐house conditions. Two‐choice tests revealed that seven of the varieties tested were preferentially chosen by gravid female moths for oviposition over a susceptible maize cv. Inbred A. Larval survival was significantly lower on the majority of the Napier grass varieties (about 10%) than on maize cv. Inbred A (about 60%). Similarly, larval development was about 2 weeks longer on the majority of the Napier grass varieties. It was concluded that four of the varieties tested (Bana, Ex‐Machakos, Gold Coast, and Ex‐Nyanza‐2) had potential for use as trap crops in C. partellus management because they were more preferred by the borer moths for oviposition and allowed minimal survival of the larvae. This minimal larval survival is desirable in the conservation of C. partellus natural enemies when the cultivated host plant is out of season.
Baculovirus‐resistant Anticarsia gemmatalis responds differently to dietary rutin
Authors: Piubelli G.C. , Hoffmann‐Campo C.B. , Moscardi F. , Miyakubo S.H. , De Oliveira M.C.N. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the major soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae)] defoliator pest in Brazil can be controlled by a specific and virulent nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AgMNPV). Flavonoids such as rutin (quercetin 3‐O‐rhamnosylglucoside) were identified in soybean; it is known that this compound plays an important role in plant defense against lepidopteran pests. Studies were carried out to evaluate the biological and physiological activity of rutin (0.65 and 1.30%) on populations of A. gemmatalis resistant and susceptible to AgMNPV. Larvae from the resistant population were more negatively influenced by rutin, in comparison to larvae of the susceptible population, even with the addition of the lowest level of the flavonoid (0.65%) to the insect diet. The highest mortality (98%) was observed in the resistant population, when larvae fed on the diet containing 1.30% of rutin. Elongation of the feeding time, smaller initial larval weight, and pupal weight was observed on the virus‐resistant and ‐susceptible populations after adding 0.65 and 1.30% rutin to the diet. Larvae of the resistant population to AgMNPV fed on diet plus rutin 0.65% were also less efficient in the conversion of ingested and digested food into biomass.
Characteristics of 5‐aminolaevulinic acid‐induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in human skin in vivo
Authors: Ibbotson S. H. , Jong C. , Lesar A. , Ferguson J. S. , Padgett M. , O'Dwyer M. , Barnetson R. , Ferguson J. 
Published: March 2006

Background/Purpose: Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is increasingly being used to treat skin cancers. Knowledge of the detailed characteristics of 5‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)‐induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence in diseased and normal skin is incomplete. Understanding the characteristics of PpIX fluorescence in normal skin may facilitate optimization of PDT regimes while minimizing side effects in the surrounding normal skin. We investigated the characteristics of ALA‐induced PpIX fluorescence in normal skin.Methods: ALA was applied to the arm, back and leg skin of 21 healthy volunteers for 1–6 h, and PpIX fluorescence was measured for up to 24 h after ALA application using a fluorescent spectrometer. The effect of tape stripping on fluorescence was also examined.Results: Considerable inter‐subject variation was observed in the time to reach peak PpIX fluorescence. Intra‐subject variation in the time to peak fluorescence was dependent on ALA application time. Six hours after ALA application, no significant difference was observed in the degree of fluorescence achieved irrespective of ALA application times ranging between 1 and 6 h. PpIX fluorescence was reduced on the leg and increased by tape stripping.Conclusions: Marked inter‐ and intra‐subject variation in ALA‐induced PpIX fluorescence occurs in normal human skin. ALA application time, body site and the state of the stratum corneum are all determinants of PpIX fluorescence within subjects and these factors need to be taken into account in optimization of PDT regimes.
Association of HLA subtype DRB1*0407 in Colombian patients with actinic prurigo
Authors: Suárez Alfonso , Valbuena Martha Cecilia , Rey Maritza , de Porras Quintana Luisa 
Published: March 2006

Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1*0407 had been associated with actinic prurigo in different populations. This class II HLA‐DR subtype had not been studied in Colombia.Objective: The objective of this study was to establish whether there was an association of actinic prurigo with HLA DR in a Colombian population.Materials and methods: Forty patients with a clinical diagnosis of actinic prurigo and 40 healthy subjects, paired by age, sex and birthplace, were studied. HLA typing for HLA DRB1 and DRB1*04, if necessary, was performed by the PCR‐SSP method using blood samples.Results: A high frequency of HLA DRB1*0407 was found in the patients (97.5% vs. 30%; P< 0.00001). The allelic frequency of HLA DRB1*0407 was 63.8% in the case group, and 14.5% in the controls (P<0.00001). In the control group, there was a higher frequency of the alleles DRB1*01 (14.5% vs. 1.25%; P=0.0027) and DRB1*13 (23.7% vs. 2.5%; P=0.00013).Limitations: The small number of controls does not allow us to drive conclusions about other HLA alleles.Conclusions: HLA subtype DRB1*0407, found in actinic prurigo patients in studies conducted in England, Scotland, Ireland and Mexico, was also associated in Colombian patients. This finding, concordant in patients from different ethnic groups, could be helpful in the diagnosis of this disease and probably important in its pathogenesis. DRB1*01 and DRB1*13 alleles were more frequent in controls than in patients; we do not know whether they play any role in the resistance to the disease.