bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic Cancer Risk and Screening Outcomes in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Authors: Fernandes Conrad J. , Du Yun K. , Naumer Ann , Kagami Laura A. , Le Anh , Good Madeline , Duvall Melani , Powers Jacquelyn , Zelley Kristin , Maese Luke , MacFarland Suzanne , Kohlmann Wendy , Maxwell Kara N. , Katona Bryson W. 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a cancer predisposition syndrome that may confer increased pancreatic cancer (PC) risk. This study assesses PC risk and the rate of pancreatic imaging abnormalities in LFS.

Methods:
PC prevalence in LFS was calculated for individuals with a known TP53 variant from the IARC/NCI database. Pancreatic imaging studies across three institutional LFS cohorts were reviewed and compared using Fisher’s Exact test.

Results:
Of 3043 individuals with LFS in the IARC/NCI database 46 (1.5%) had PC and 42/1243 (3.4%) LFS families had a member with PC. Amongst PCs with a known age of diagnosis, 2.6% and 43.2% were diagnosed prior to age 30 and 50 respectively. Across three institutional LFS cohorts, 32/329 (9.7%) individuals had a pancreatic imaging abnormality, including cysts in 20 (6.1%) and a mass in 4 (1.2%). Whole-body MRI (WBMRI) had the lowest detection rate of pancreatic abnormalities (6%) whereas endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)/MRI Abdomen (MRI Abd) had the highest (50%/20.8%, respectively). Cysts were detected more frequently with EUS/MRI Abd (33.1%/18.1%, respectively) compared to WBMRI (4.3%). Individuals older than age 50 were more likely to have a pancreatic abnormality (35.8% versus 4.7%, P<0.01) or pancreatic cyst (26.4% compared to 2.2%, P<0.001) compared to those younger than age 50.

Conclusions:
PC may occur earlier in LFS compared to the general population. WBMRI identifies pancreatic abnormalities less frequently than other pancreatic cancer screening modalities in LFS. If dedicated PC screening is performed in LFS, screening should likely start prior to age 50 and use either EUS or MRI Abd.
Shaping sustainable paths for HIV/AIDS funding: a review and reminder
Authors: Elendu Chukwuka , Amaechi Dependable C. , Elendu Tochi C. , Amaechi Emmanuel C. , Elendu Ijeoma D. , Akpa Kenneth N. , Oloyede Praise O. , Adegbola Michael O. , Idowu Omoyelemi F. 
Published: February 2025

The fight against human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has made significant progress over the past decades, yet sustainable funding remains a critical challenge. Despite advances in medical treatments and prevention methods, the financial resources needed to combat the epidemic consistently face uncertainties and shortfalls. As of 2023, approximately 37.7 million people are living with HIV/AIDS globally, with 1.5 million new infections reported annually. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the hardest-hit region, accounting for 67% of the global HIV burden. This paper examines the current state of HIV/AIDS funding, identifying key gaps and challenges in maintaining adequate financial resources. It highlights the effects of funding fluctuations on treatment accessibility, prevention programs, and research, stressing the urgent need for diversified and innovative financing mechanisms. The paper offers actionable insights into sustainable funding strategies by analyzing successful models such as public-private partnerships and social impact bonds.
This review aims to inform policymakers, stakeholders, and the global community about the financial barriers to HIV/AIDS management and advocate for coordinated efforts to secure stable funding pathways. Ensuring consistent financial support is vital to preserving hard-won progress, expanding access to care, and achieving the ultimate goal of an AIDS-free generation.
Comparing intermittent and daily prednisone in duchenne muscular dystrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zulfiqar Eeshal , Hurjkaliani Sonia , Umar Shahood Ahmed , Shahzad Maryam , Ahsan Muneeba , Tahir Quareeha , Nizami Urooj , Rizvi Bariha , Khan Abdullah Abid , Baloch Aniqa , Hussain Syed Shafaat , Rabbani Mehwish , Fatima Marhaba , Larik Muhammad Omar , Hasanain Muhammad , Anjum Muhammad Umair , Bhattarai Pratik 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder caused by DMD gene mutations, leading to muscle wasting due to dystrophin deficiency. Current treatment with corticosteroids like prednisone shows benefits but lacks clarity on optimal dosing regimens. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to determine the efficacy and safety of daily versus intermittent prednisone dosing in DMD management.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus databases to identify studies comparing daily versus intermittent prednisone in DMD treatment. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024549050).

Results:
After the systematic search, 6 trials were included in the pooled analysis. Intermittent prednisone was associated with a higher prevalence of cushingoid appearance (RR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.51; P = 0.005), excessive hair growth (RR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.24; P = 0.02), and hypertension (RR: 3.42; 95% CI: 1.87 to 6.25; P < 0.0001). In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences between daily versus intermittent prednisone in terms of forced vital capacity (FVC), blood pressure, loss of ambulation, weight changes, weight gain, bone fracture, behavioral changes, and DEXA lumbar spine Z-scores.

Conclusion:
No significant differences in efficacy outcomes regimens were observed. However, intermittent prednisone was associated with a higher prevalence of certain adverse effects, such as cushingoid appearance, excessive hair growth, and hypertension. These findings provide valuable insights for clinicians when choosing treatment strategies and highlight the need for personalized approaches to minimize side effects while maintaining efficacy.
Bone mineral content, growth, and renal health of infants with perinatal exposure to maternal dolutegravir vs efavirenz and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate vs tenofovir alafenamide: the randomized IMPAACT 2010 (VESTED) trial
Authors: Mbengeranwa Tapiwa , Ziemba Lauren , Brummel Sean S , Johnston Ben , Cassim Haseena , Theron Gerhard , Ngqawana Zukiswa , Wabwire Deo , McCarthy Katie , Shepherd John , Lockman Shahin , Chinula Lameck , Stranix-Chibanda Lynda ,   for the IMPAACT 2010/VESTED study team and investigators
Published: February 2025

Background:
The impact on infant bone, growth, and renal health of in utero and breastmilk exposure to contemporary antiretroviral treatment (ART) remains unclear.

Methods:
643 pregnant women with HIV in nine countries in Africa, Asia and the Americas were randomized to start ART with dolutegravir (DTG) + emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), DTG + FTC/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), or efavirenz (EFV)/FTC/TDF between 14-28 weeks’ gestation and continued for 50 weeks postpartum. Pairwise comparisons used two-sample t-tests of mean week 26 infant bone mineral content (BMC) assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a subset; mean infant z-scores for length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-length (WLZ) at 26 and 50 weeks; and mean infant creatinine and estimated creatinine clearance at birth and 26 weeks.

Results:
577 infants were included in the growth analysis, and 169 in the DXA analysis. Week 26 infant spine BMC was significantly lower in the EFV/FTC/TDF arm (133.5g) compared to the DTG+FTC/TAF (143.4g; mean difference [95% CI]: 0.22 [0.02, 0.42] g) and DTG+FTC/TDF (137.4; mean difference [95%CI]: 0.20 [0.01, 0.40] g) arms. Mean LAZ and WAZ scores through week 50 were also significantly lower in the EFV/FTC/TDF versus DTG arms, but not WLZ. Infant obesity was rare (2-4%) and similar between arms. There was no apparent by-arm difference in infant creatinine or estimated creatinine clearance through week 50 (p-values ≥ 0.18).

Conclusion:
It is reassuring that maternal DTG-based ART during pregnancy and breastfeeding was associated with higher infant spine bone mineral content, better growth, and less stunting than EFV/FTC/TDF.
An Analysis of Delta Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Classification and Ki-67 Expression
Authors: Fan Jiao-jiao , Liu Yang , Li Guanxiong , Liu Rui-chao , Xie Ziteng 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system, characterized by high malignancy and poor prognosis. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) accounts for 90% to 95% of all cases. This study aims to investigate the diagnostic value of delta apparent diffusion coefficient (dADC) values in distinguishing between type I and type II EOC and to explore its correlation with Ki-67 expression.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis included 95 patients (mean age: 51.6 ± 12.5 y; range: 17 to 73 y) diagnosed with EOC at our hospital from September 2021 to August 2023. Of these, 51 patients had type I EOC (low-grade serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, or borderline tumors), and 44 had type II EOC (high-grade serous carcinoma or high-grade endometrioid carcinoma). Bilateral lesions were observed in 16.8% of patients. Preoperative MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), serum CA125 levels, and postoperative immunohistochemical Ki-67 expression, were analyzed. Tumor staging was based on the 2021 FIGO criteria. Minimum ADC (minADC), maximum ADC (maxADC), and dADC values were calculated from the solid tumor components. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed diagnostic performance, and the correlation between dADC and Ki-67 expression was examined.

Results:
The maxADC and minADC of type II EOC were lower than those of type I, while dADC was higher than type I (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the efficacy of dADC in distinguishing between type I and type II EOC was higher than that of minADC and maxADC (P<0.05). When the dADC threshold was 0.31×10−3 mm2/s, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.982, with a sensitivity of 95.3% and specificity of 97.3%. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between dADC and Ki-67 expression.

Conclusion:
dADC has a certain value in accurately distinguishing between type I and type II EOC preoperatively, and it can reflect the proliferative activity of tumor cells.
Evaluating Undersampling Schemes and Deep Learning Reconstructions for High-Resolution 3D Double Echo Steady State Knee Imaging at 7 T: A Comparison Between GRAPPA, CAIPIRINHA, and Compressed Sensing
Authors: Marth Thomas , Marth Adrian Alexander , Kajdi Georg Wilhelm , Nickel Marcel Dominik , Paul Dominik , Sutter Reto , Nanz Daniel , von Deuster Constantin 
Published: February 2025

Objective
The 3-dimensional (3D) double echo steady state (DESS) magnetic resonance imaging sequence can image knee cartilage with high, isotropic resolution, particularly at high and ultra-high field strengths. Advanced undersampling techniques with high acceleration factors can provide the short acquisition times required for clinical use. However, the optimal undersampling scheme and its limits are unknown.

Materials and Methods
High-resolution isotropic (reconstructed voxel size: 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.3 mm3) 3D DESS images of 40 knees in 20 volunteers were acquired at 7 T with varying undersampling factors (R = 4–30) and schemes (regular: GRAPPA, CAIPIRINHA; incoherent: compressed sensing [CS]), whereas the remaining imaging parameters were kept constant. All imaging data were reconstructed with deep learning (DL) algorithms. Three readers rated image quality on a 4-point Likert scale. Four-fold accelerated GRAPPA was used as reference standard. Incidental cartilage lesions were graded on a modified Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS). Friedman's analysis of variance characterized rating differences. The interreader agreement was assessed using κ statistics.

Results
The quality of 16-fold accelerated CS images was not rated significantly different from that of 4-fold accelerated GRAPPA and 8-fold accelerated CAIPIRINHA images, whereas the corresponding data were acquired 4.5 and 2 times faster (01:12 min:s) than in 4-fold accelerated GRAPPA (5:22 min:s) and 8-fold accelerated CAIPIRINHA (2:22 min:s) acquisitions, respectively. Interreader agreement for incidental cartilage lesions was almost perfect for 4-fold accelerated GRAPPA (κ = 0.91), 8-fold accelerated CAIPIRINHA (κ = 0.86), and 8- to 16-fold accelerated CS (κ = 0.91).

Conclusions
Our results suggest significant advantages of incoherent versus regular undersampling patterns for high-resolution 3D DESS cartilage imaging with high acceleration factors. The combination of CS undersampling with DL reconstruction enables fast, isotropic, high-resolution acquisitions without apparent impairment of image quality. Since DESS specific absorption rate values tend to be moderate, CS DESS with DL reconstruction promises potential for high-resolution assessment of cartilage morphology and other musculoskeletal anatomies at 7 T.
Urbanicity and anxiety disorders: current evidence and quo vadis?
Authors: Chew Qian Hui , Sim Kai Samuel , Shi Yao Eric , Sim Kang 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
There are few studies investigating the effects of urbanization on various anxiety-related conditions in specific population subgroups. This review aims to examine the effects of urbanization through the lens of population subgroups as well as anxiety disorder subtypes.

Recent findings
There was more consistent evidence suggesting that those of a younger age group and from disadvantaged backgrounds (such as lower socioeconomic status, refugee status) may be more vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). When we examined the relationship between urbanization and anxiety disorder subtype, the results were largely mixed, with some evidence for the positive association between urbanization and PTSD. Many of the recent studies had been conducted in the context of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Summary
The association between urbanicity and anxiety-related disorders in the various subgroups can be influenced by socio-demographic factors. Interventions and policies that aim to ameliorate the effects of urbanicity would need to identify vulnerable individuals early based on social or environmental factors. Given that the short and long-term psychological sequelae of the recent COVID-19 pandemic are still being evaluated, the inter-relationships between urbanization, external factors and specific anxiety disorders await further delineation.
Muscle Activation of Upper Body in Different-Angle Suspension Push-Ups: An Analysis of Angle-Specific Muscle Engagement
Authors: Lin Yu-Chin , Lin Kuei-Fu , Chen Chu , Chan Shih-Hsuan , Lee Po-Chun , Hsu Chih-Hsiang , Chiang Tsung-Lin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe aim of this study was to understand the effect on upper body muscle activation of bodily angle during push-ups performed with TRX suspension training. Nineteen men (age: 21.1 ± 1.2 years; height: 174.1 ± 4.9 cm; weight: 70.7 ± 7.2 kg) with resistance training experience participated in this study. The participants were required to perform five push-ups on a stable surface and with TRX at five angles (+30°, +15°, 0°, −15°, and −30°, where 0° indicates that the shoulder joints were at the same height as the ankle joints when the arms were extended). The recovery period between the sets at each angle was 3–5 minutes. Stable-surface and TRX push-ups were separated by at least 48 hours. During push-ups, electromyography (EMG) data from the pectoralis major (PM), anterior deltoids (AD), triceps brachii (TRI), upper trapezius (UT), and serratus anterior (SA) were recorded. Muscle activation was indicated by the percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). The %MVIC of each muscle group was then categorized. Repeated-measured two-way analysis of variance was used to determine differences in the muscle group activation between the push-up surface types and five angles. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. The activation of the PM, AD, and TRI during TRX push-ups was categorized as medium to extremely high. Compared with that for stable-surface push-ups, the activation of the PM during TRX push-ups was significantly higher (p < .05). Furthermore, +30°, +15°, and 0° push-ups produced greater PM activation than push-ups at lower angles (p < .05). Both TRX and stable-surface push-ups resulted in greater anterior deltoids, TRI, UT, and SA activation during −30° push-ups. This study indicates the appropriate push-up practices for different muscle groups, as determined by quantifying the muscle activation.
Prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides for alleviation of hepatic steatosis: Results from a four-month dietary intervention and determinants of response
Authors: Hintikka Jukka E , Permi Perttu , Lehtonen Marko , Lensu Sanna , Driuchina Anastasiia , Jormanainen Mika , Laukkanen Jari , Bayal Nitin , Erawijantari Pande P. , O’Connell Thomas M , Lahti Leo , Pekkala Satu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA common complexity from increasing rates of overweight is metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) which can develop into more severe conditions such as fibrosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The gut and its microbial flora interact with the liver through the gut-liver axis and supporting healthy composition and metabolism of the microbiota can benefit metabolic health. We have previously shown in animals that a xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) prebiotic can drive beneficial gut flora and ameliorate hepatic steatosis- our current objective is to validate these results in humans. Forty-two adults (mean age 53.7, mean BMI 33.5) ingested a prebiotic dose of XOS daily for four months. Liver fat was quantified with MRI and body composition was measured. Standard clinical measurements and untargeted metabolomes were analyzed from serum. Microbiota composition, metagenome and metabolites were analyzed from fecal samples. A subgroup analysis was conducted between non-steatotic individuals, non-responders, and responders. The XOS supplementation caused decreases in detrimental amino acid degradation products (AADPs) isovalerate, isobutyrate, and phenylacetate in the gut while serum metabolome remained stable. A decrease in liver fat during the prebiotic was accompanied by a decrease in visceral fat. In a prediction analysis, this response was driven by higher initial ratio ofBacteroidestoFaecalibacterium, higher fecal AADPs, and higher serum amino acids. Non-responders had metabolomic signatures of advanced steatosis, possibly impeding effects from XOS. In overweight individuals with early hepatic steatosis, XOS may correct fermentation imbalances in the gut and decrease production of harmful metabolites, which may benefit hepatic health.IMPORTANCEPre- and probiotics are emerging, yet unknown, avenues of treatment for metabolism-associated steatotic liver disease. In overweight humans, a xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) prebiotic induced shifts in gut bacteria and their metabolites. High proteolytic activity in the gut was predictive of hepatic response to XOS, which may serve the development of personalized treatment of fatty liver.
gyōza: a Snakemake workflow for modular analysis of deep-mutational scanning data
Authors: Durand Romain , Pageau Alicia , Landry Christian R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDeep-mutational scanning (DMS) is a powerful technique that allows screening large libraries of mutants at high throughput. It has been used in many applications, including to estimate the fitness impact of all single mutants of entire proteins, to catalog drug resistance mutations and even to predict protein structure. Here, we present gyōza, a Snakemake-based workflow to analyze DMS data. gyōza requires little programming knowledge and comes with comprehensive documentation to help the user go from raw sequencing data to functional impact scores. Complete with quality control and an automatically generated HTML report, this new pipeline should facilitate the analysis of any DMS experiment. gyōza is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/durr1602/gyoza).
Breaking Free from Tobacco: Insights from Chipangali’s Small-Scale Farmers on Embracing Alternative Crops in Zambia
Authors: Mataliro Mercy , Mutalange Martha , Ngambi Wingston Felix , Zyambo Cosmas 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTobacco is an important cash crop for farmers across the globe but has substantial health and environmental risks, thus the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) emphases the need for countries to promote alternative crop farming. This study seeks to understand the success of the alternative crop promotion program among tobacco small-scale farmers and government officials in Chipangali district, Zambia. The study analyzed data from qualitative key-informant interviews (KIIs) with government officials and extension officers (n = 5) and focus group discussions (FGDs) with farmers (n = 6). The FGDs and KIIs were audio recorded, transcribed, and then translated into English. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted to identify challenges and lessons learned from alternative crop farming program provided by participants. We highlight important factors linked to the success of the alternative crop promotion program, challenges and lessons learned. The results highlight several factors, including access to farming inputs, market dynamics, government support and farmers’ perceptions of tobacco farming associated with success of the program. Challenges identified included high faming input costs, market uncertainties, limited support, and dependency on tobacco companies. The alternative crop promotion program provided valuable lessons to farmers. However, majority of farmers felt the program was not inclusive and such initiative in future should accommodate all farmers to be successful. Additionally, provision of farming inputs and improvement of supply chain for the promoted crops could motivate tobacco farmers to transition to alternative crop cultivation. Furthermore, addressing environmental challenges such as water scarcity and unpredictable weather patterns through adaptive measures like drought-resistant crops and irrigation systems, could contribute to the success of the program. This study highlights the concerns and lessons that tobacco farmers raised which could be incorporated in the implementation of alternative crop promotion program in Chipangali.