bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Dislocations, Dislocation Walls, and Grain Boundaries in Void Formation During Early Stages of Fast Neutron Irradiation
Authors: Horsewell A , Singh BN 
Published: December 2008

High purity aluminium was used to study the details of microstructural evolution during early stages of neutron irradiation. Aluminium specimens were irradiated at 120°C to fluences between 2.1021 and 1.1024 n/m2 (E &gt; 0.1 MeV). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation demonstrated that, even in fully annealed material, irradiation-induced dislocations and voids evolve heterogeneously. In addition, voids and dislocations were found to segregate such that the groups of voids and dislocations are spatially separated from each other. This kind of heterogeneity and segregation is further enhanced by the introduction of microstructural heterogeneity (in the form of dislocation walls) prior to irradiation.
Another form of heterogeneity was found to occur in a relatively wide band in the vicinity of the void denuded zone along grain boundaries; in this region, both formation and growth of voids were enhanced compared to that observed in the grain interior.
It is argued that these results cannot be rationalized in terms of a conventional biasdriven mechanism operating in a continuous sink medium. Both cell size and grain boundary effects would indicate an unusually high rate of transport of self-interstitial atoms from cell- and grain-interiors to cell walls and grain boundaries.
Fractography of Ceramic and Metal Failures
Authors: Mecholsky JJ , Powell SR 
Published: December 2008

Description
The Symposium on Fractography in Failure Analysis of Ceramics and Metals, sponsored by ASTM Committee E24 on Fracture Testing, was held at ASTM Headquarters, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 29-30 April 1982. J. J. Mecholsky, Jr., Sandia National Laboratories, and S. R. Powell, Jr., Bell Helicopter Company, served as symposium chairmen. This volume, Fractography of Ceramic and Metal Failures, has been edited by Messrs. Mecholsky and Powell.
Definitions for Asbestos and Other Health-Related Silicates
Authors: Levadie B 
Published: December 2008

Description
STP 834 addresses the need for clarification of terminology used to refer to groups of minerals; namely asbestos, silica, and talc. The specific minerals in each group are defined, along with their impact on human health. This volume includes a comprehensive glossary for health related silicates defining 46 terms. STP 834 serves as a practical handbook for the scientific community, regulatory agencies, medical and legal professionals, industry management, the media, and the general public.
Laser Induced Damage In Optical Materials: 1983
Authors: Bennett HE , Guenther AH , Milam D , Newnam BE 
Published: December 2008

Description
Provides information about optical materials for high power lasers. Highlights include surface characterization, thin film-substrate boundaries, and advances in fundamental laser-matter threshold interactions and mechanisms. Discussions in detail the scaling of damage thresholds with pulse duration, focal area, and wavelength.
Computerized Quantitative Infrared Analysis
Authors: McClure GL 
Published: December 2008

Description
Designed to be a useful desk reference. The first paper critically reviews the developments in infrared quantitative analysis through the year 1984. The next two papers are heavily applications-oriented to petroleum and synthetic polymers. Three papers focus on the use of computerized techniques to carry out multicomponent analysis by infrared methods. One presents the essential aspects of using factor analysis in quantitative spectroscopic applications. The final paper emphasizes the need for caution and crosschecking in the use of computers for spectroscopic determination.
Fractography of Modern Engineering Materials: Composites and Metals
Authors: Masters JE , Au JJ 
Published: December 2008

Description
Twenty papers will aid investigators conducting failure analysis of advanced composite and metallic materials. Composites papers focus on failure of continuous fiber graphite/epoxy material systems, covering delamination propagation, the effects of impact and radiation damage, and the fracture surface characterization of notched laminates. Several papers on fractography of ferrous alloys cover steam turbine blading steels, pressure vessel weldments, fatigue damage in carburized steel, and ductile-brittle transition in austenitic stainless steels.
Plasma Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Hazardous Materials: Design and Application of Enclosed Plasma Sources
Authors: Edelson MC , Leland Daniel J 
Published: December 2008

Description
Papers describe proven methods for enclosing plasma spectroscopic sources so that hazardous materials can be analyzed safely by optical emission spectroscopy. Most papers focus on radioactive materials, but the techniques are applicable to other toxic and hazardous materials.
Industrial Dust Explosions
Authors: Cashdollar KL , Hertzberg M 
Published: December 2008

Description
Papers provide new data from laboratory and large-scale dust explosibility testing, data from recent accident investigations in industry, and information on the practical design of preventive and protective measures for industrial equipment. This is a comprehensive reference for such industries as coal mining, electric power generation, grain handling, plastics, chemicals, wood products, and metal powders.
Emerging Semiconductor Technology
Authors: Gupta DC 
Published: December 2008

Description
Fourth in a series, STP 960 addresses new problems in semiconductor processing for the mid ‘80s. A total of 50 papers cover; Epitaxial Technology; Dielectrics and Junction Formation Techniques; Material Defects, Oxygen and Carbon in Silicon; Yield Enhancement and Contamination Control Aspects; Dopant Profiling Techniques and In-Process Measurements; and Fab Equipment: Automation and Reliability.
Supplementation with cholecalciferol does not result in weight reduction in overweight and obese subjects
Authors: Sneve M , Figenschau Y , Jorde R 
Published: December 2008

ObjectiveInvestigate whether cholecalciferol supplementation leads to weight loss in overweight and obese adults.DesignRandomized double blind clinical trial with 20 000 IU cholecalciferol twice a week, or 20 000 IU once a week plus placebo, or placebo twice a week, for 12 months. All subjects were given 500 mg calcium supplementation.MethodsFour hundred and forty five healthy, overweight, and obese men and women (age 21–70 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.0–47.0 kg/m2). Body weight, fatness, and fat distribution parameters were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometry, blood samples and 24-h urinary samples were collected.ResultsAt baseline, there were no significant differences between the groups, but there was a significant inverse relation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and BMI, and a significant positive association between calorie intake and BMI. Three hundred and thirty four subjects completed the study. During the study, there was no significant change in weight, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) or percentage body fat in any of the groups, nor between them. Parathyroid hormone decreased and 25(OH)D increased significantly in both groups receiving cholecalciferol, and serum levels of 25(OH)D stabilized after 3 months. Serum calcium was unchanged in all groups. Urinary calcium excretion increased in all groups, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Weekly dosage of 20 000–40 000 IU cholecalciferol for 12 months was associated with a low risk of adverse effects, at least in overweight and obese adults living at latitude 70° N.ConclusionSignificant weight reduction in overweight and obese subjects is unlikely to occur with cholecalciferol supplementation.
Synchronous Metastatic Melanoma Presenting as Gingival and Facial Swelling: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bonan Paulo Rogério Ferreti , Laranjeira Anamaria Lima , Martelli‐Júnior Hercílio , Guimarães André Luiz Sena , Vargas Pablo Agustín , Coletta Ricardo D. 
Published: December 2008

Background: Metastases to the oral cavity are unusual, and most cases affect the jaws. The clinicopathologic features of a metastatic melanoma involving the mandibular gingiva and facial skin are described.Methods: A 42‐year‐old white woman who had been treated for plantar melanoma 10 years ago showed concomitant nodular lesions in the mandibular gingiva and facial skin. Incisional biopsy and fine needle aspiration cytology were performed in the gingival and facial swelling, respectively.Results: Radiographs revealed irregular bone erosion and widening of the periodontal ligament space associated with the gingival lesion, whereas cranial computed tomography showed an irregular hyperdense mass associated with the dermal tissue. The histopathologic findings were suggestive of melanoma; immunohistochemical analysis revealed, in both lesions, neoplastic cells strongly positive for S100 and HMB‐45 antibodies and weak reactivity for melan‐A. The final diagnosis of these lesions was metastatic melanoma, and the patient died before restarting treatment.Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first English‐language report of metastatic melanoma affecting the gingiva and facial skin concomitantly. The intraoral involvement of disseminated melanoma indicates a very poor prognosis, as confirmed by the current case.
Harvesting Excitons Via Two Parallel Channels for Efficient White Organic LEDs with Nearly 100% Internal Quantum Efficiency: Fabrication and Emission‐Mechanism Analysis
Authors: Wang Qi , Ding Junqiao , Ma Dongge , Cheng Yanxiang , Wang Lixiang , Jing Xiabin , Wang Fosong 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBy incorporating two phosphorescent dyes, namely, iridium(III)[bis(4,6‐difluorophenyl)‐pyridinato‐N,C2′]picolinate (FIrpic) for blue emission and bis(2‐(9,9‐diethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzoimidazol‐N,C3)iridium(acetylacetonate) ((fbi)2Ir(acac)) for orange emission, into a single‐energy well‐like emissive layer, an extremely high‐efficiency white organic light‐emitting diode (WOLED) with excellent color stability is demonstrated. This device can achieve a peak forward‐viewing power efficiency of 42.5 lm W−1, corresponding to an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 19.3% and a current efficiency of 52.8 cd A−1. Systematic studies of the dopants, host and dopant‐doped host films in terms of photophysical properties (including absorption, photoluminescence, and excitation spectra), transient photoluminescence, current density–voltage characteristics, and temperature‐dependent electroluminescence spectra are subsequently performed, from which it is concluded that the emission natures of FIrpic and (fbi)2Ir(acac) are, respectively, host–guest energy transfer and a direct exciton formation process. These two parallel pathways serve to channel the overall excitons to both dopants, greatly reducing unfavorable energy losses. It is noteworthy that the introduction of the multifunctional orange dopant (fbi)2Ir(acac) (serving as either hole‐trapping site or electron‐transporting channel) is essential to this concept as it can make an improved charge balance and broaden the recombination zone. Based on this unique working model, detailed studies of the slight color‐shift in this WOLED are performed. It is quantitatively proven that the competition between hole trapping on orange‐dopant sites and undisturbed hole transport across the emissive layer is the actual reason. Furthermore, a calculation of the fraction of trapped holes on (fbi)2Ir(acac) sites with voltage shows that the hole‐trapping effect of the orange dopant is decreased with increasing drive voltage, leading to a reduction of orange emission.
Tension‐Stiffening bei Zugstäben mit “Kombibewehrung”
Authors: Empelmann Martin , Henke Volker 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBei der nichtlinearen Berechnung von Stahlbetonbauteilen ist die wirklichkeitsnahe Erfassung des Steifigkeitsverhaltens im ungerissenen Zustand, Zustand der Erstrissbildung und im Bereich des abgeschlossenen Rissbilds, zur Beschreibung des komplexen Trag‐ und Verformungsverhaltens derartiger Bauteile von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung. Da nunmehr auch zunehmend Stahlfaserbeton im konstruktiven Ingenieurbau eine immer breitere Anwendung findet, ergibt sich die Frage, ob die für Stahlbeton geltenden Gesetzmäßigkeiten auch auf Bauteile mit einer “Kombibewehrung”, d. h. mit einer Bewehrung aus Betonstahl und Stahlfasern, übertragen werden können. In diesem Aufsatz werden dazu die auf der Grundlage der in DIN 1045‐1 allgemein eingeführten Ansätze zur Rissbreitenberechnung zur Ermittlung des Steifigkeitsverhaltens von Stahlbetonbauteilen herangezogen, im Hinblick auf eine Kombibewehrung erweitert und überprüft.
Effect of pore size, shear rate, and harvest time during the constant permeate flux microfiltration of CHO cell culture supernatant
Authors: Stressmann Maja , Moresoli Christine 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe influence of the shear rate, the membrane pore size, and the age of the culture at time of harvest on transmembrane pressure (TMP) increase and membrane fouling during the microfiltration of a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell culture supernatant was investigated. A hollow fiber microfiltration system operated at constant permeate flux was used. The highest TMP increase with filtration time was observed for the small membrane pore size (0.20 μm) operated at the higher shear rate (8,000 s−1). Furthermore, the high overall fouling observed with the small membrane pore size was also associated with the highest irreversible fouling and the most significant decrease of predicted open pore area. The predicted reduction in open pore area obtained with the combined pore blockage and cake formation mechanism could explain the observed TMP profiles. Based on the overall membrane fouling, the long‐term irreversible fouling and the initial fouling rate, derived from an empirical curve fitting, no effect of the time of harvest was observed but a dependence of the initial fouling rate on the shear rate was identified. Treatment of the fouled membrane with water showed the presence of a more significant reversible fouling at high shear rates and increased irreversible fouling with smaller membrane pore size. It is recommended to use the large membrane pore size (0.45 μm) and the low shear rate (4,000 s−1) to minimize fouling associated with the soluble components of serum‐free CHO cell culture supernatant.
Dendrimer‐grafted cell adhesion peptide–modified PDMS
Authors: Mikhail A. S. , Jones K. S. , Sheardown H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSurface concentration of cell adhesion peptides is thought to play a role in the interactions between biomaterials and cells. The high density of functional groups at the periphery of dendrimers has been exploited in various applications, but their full potential for generating surfaces with high functional group concentrations has not yet been realized. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers were surface modified with both polyethylene oxide (PEO) and generation 3 diaminobutane dendrimers. PEO and the dendrimers were subsequently used as linker molecules for surface grafting of cell adhesion peptides. ATR‐FTIR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and water contact angle results confirmed the successful attachment of the polymer linkers and peptides. Peptide grafting density was quantified by means of 125I radiolabeling. Maximum surface peptide grafting density on dendrimer‐modified surfaces was twofold greater than the maximum peptide grafting density achieved via the PEO linker. However, vascular endothelial cell adhesion was significantly greater on surfaces modified with the PEO linker, presumably due to the highly flexible PEO spacer making the peptide more accessible for binding with the cell surface receptors. These results suggest that, although peptide surface density may be important, optimizing surface density may not be sufficient for improving biological interactions.
How Nature Morphs Peptide Scaffolds into Antibiotics
Authors: Nolan Elizabeth M. , Walsh Christopher T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe conventional notion that peptides are poor candidates for orally available drugs because of protease‐sensitive peptide bonds, intrinsic hydrophilicity, and ionic charges contrasts with the diversity of antibiotic natural products with peptide‐based frameworks that are synthesized and utilized by Nature. Several of these antibiotics, including penicillin and vancomycin, are employed to treat bacterial infections in humans and have been best‐selling therapeutics for decades. Others might provide new platforms for the design of novel therapeutics to combat emerging antibiotic‐resistant bacterial pathogens.
Molecular Single‐Bond Covalent Radii for Elements 1–118
Authors: Pyykkö Pekka , Atsumi Michiko 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA self‐consistent system of additive covalent radii, R(AB)=r(A) + r(B), is set up for the entire periodic table, Groups 1–18, Z=1–118. The primary bond lengths, R, are taken from experimental or theoretical data corresponding to chosen group valencies. All r(E) values are obtained from the same fit. Both E–E, E–H, and E–CH3 data are incorporated for most elements, E. Many E–E′ data inside the same group are included. For the late main groups, the system is close to that of Pauling. For other elements it is close to the methyl‐based one of Suresh and Koga [J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 5940] and its predecessors. For the diatomic alkalis MM′ and halides XX′, separate fits give a very high accuracy. These primary data are then absorbed with the rest. The most notable exclusion are the transition‐metal halides and chalcogenides which are regarded as partial multiple bonds. Other anomalies include H2 and F2. The standard deviation for the 410 included data points is 2.8 pm.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimer‐Induced Stabilization of H Adsorbate Cluster on BN(0001) Surface
Authors: Weck Philippe F. , Kim Eunja , Lepp Stephen H. , Balakrishnan Naduvalath , Sadeghpour H. R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen Vacancy Ordering in the Double‐Layered Ruddlesden—Popper Cobaltite Sm2BaCo2O7‐δ.
Authors: Gillie Lisa J. , Hadermann Joke , Hervieu Maryvonne , Maignan Antoine , Martin Christine 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of Li2FeSiO4.
Authors: Nishimura Shin‐ichi , Hayase Shogo , Kanno Ryoji , Yashima Masatomo , Nakayama Noriaki , Yamada Atsuo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Superconductivity and Crystal Structures of (Ba1‐xKx)Fe2As2 (x = 0—1).
Authors: Rotter Marianne , Pangerl Michael , Tegel Marcus , Johrendt Dirk 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Large Coupled Magnetoresponses in EuNbO2N.
Authors: Jorge A. Belen , Oro‐Sole Judith , Bea Ana M. , Mufti Nandang , Palstra Thomas T. M. , Rodgers Jennifer A. , Attfield J. Paul , Fuertes Amparo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth, Structure, and Physical Properties of Ln2MGa12 (Ln: La, Ce; M: Ni, Cu).
Authors: Cho Jung Young , Millican Jasmine N. , Capan Cigdem , Sokolov Dmitry A. , Moldovan Monica , Karki Amar B. , Young David P. , Aronson Meigan C. , Chan Julia Y. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Distinctly Different Reactivities of Two Similar Polyoxoniobates with Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Ohlin C. Andre , Villa Eric M. , Fettinger James C. , Casey William H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the Yttrium Containing Isopolytungstate [YW10O36]9‐.
Authors: Barsukova Maria , Dickman Michael H. , Visser Elena , Mal Sib Sankar , Kortz Ulrich 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Al Flux Synthesis of the Oxidation‐Resistant Quaternary Phase LnFe4Al9Si6 (Ln: Tb, Er).
Authors: Sieve Bradley , Gray Danielle L. , Henning Robert , Bakas Thomas , Schultz Arthur J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Non‐Cross‐Linked Soluble Polystyrene‐Supported Ruthenium Catalyst for Carbenoid Transfer Reactions.
Authors: Choi Matthew Kwok‐Wai , Yu Wing‐Yiu , So Man‐Ho , Zhou Cong‐Ying , Deng Qing‐Hai , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Regioselective Dehydrohalogenation of Alkyl Halides with Dimethylphenylsilylmethylmagnesium Chloride.
Authors: Kobayashi Tsuneyuki , Ohmiya Hirohisa , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.