bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable All‐Fluorescence White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with High Efficiency and High CRI
Authors: Xie Xin , Hu Xiaoxiao , Qin Yuanyuan , Shen Shaogang , Dong Xiangyu , Pang Zhi , Lv Xinyi , Song Xiaofeng , Wang Pengfei , Wang Ying , Liu Guanhao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhite organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) have been regarded as the candidates for next‐generation flat‐panel displays and solid‐state lighting due to their low cost. However, it is still challenging to achieve two‐component WOLEDs with high efficiency, high color index (CRI), and long lifetime. Here, high‐performance all‐fluorescence WOLEDs based on a blue fluorescent emitter and an orange thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitter are demonstrated. The optimized all‐fluorescence WOLED with two EMLs presents the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE), current efficiency (CE), and power efficiency (PE) of 23.4%, 40.2 cd A−1, and 33.2 lm W−1, corresponding to a maximum CRI value of 83.1 and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.30, 0.31). To further improve the device stability, the all‐fluorescence WOLEDs with three EMLs and tandem structure are constructed, respectively. Under the premise of ensuring efficiency, in going from the two‐EMLs to the three‐EMLs and the tandem structure, the LT50 (time to 50% of the initial luminance) of all‐fluorescence WOLEDs increase from 601 to 714 h and 1622 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m−2. These strategies and results present new insight into the design of all‐fluorescence WOLEDs with high efficiency, high CRI, and extended lifetime.
20‐year depressive symptoms, dementia, and structural neuropathology in older women
Authors: Petkus Andrew J. , Wang Xinhui , Younan Diana , Salminen Lauren E. , Resnick Susan M. , Rapp Stephen R. , Espeland Mark A. , Gatz Margaret , Widaman Keith F. , Casanova Ramon , Chui Helena , Barnard Ryan T. , Gaussoin Sarah A. , Goveas Joseph S. , Hayden Kathleen M. , Henderson Victor W. , Sachs Bonnie C. , Saldana Santiago , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Shumaker Sally A. , Chen Jiu‐Chiuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe course of depressive symptoms and dementia risk is unclear, as are potential structural neuropathological common causes.METHODSUtilizing joint latent class mixture models, we identified longitudinal trajectories of annually assessed depressive symptoms and dementia risk over 21 years in 957 older women (baseline age 72.7 years old) from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. In a subsample of 569 women who underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging, we examined whether estimates of cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related neurodegeneration were associated with identified trajectories.RESULTSFive trajectories of depressive symptoms and dementia risk were identified. Compared to women with minimal symptoms, women who reported mild and stable and emerging depressive symptoms were at the highest risk of developing dementia and had more cerebrovascular disease and AD‐related neurodegeneration.DISCUSSIONThere are heterogeneous profiles of depressive symptoms and dementia risk. Common neuropathological factors may contribute to both depression and dementia.Highlights
The progression of depressive symptoms and concurrent dementia risk is heterogeneous.
Emerging depressive symptoms may be a prodromal symptom of dementia.
Cerebrovascular disease and AD are potentially shared neuropathological factors.
Penetrating cardiac injury caused by multiple rib fractures following high‐energy trauma: Usefulness of the exploratory video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Tetsumoto Keisuke , Takayama Masakazu , Koyama Tadaaki , Kayawake Hidenao , Saito Masao , Nakamura Ken , Takahashi Yutaka , Hamakawa Hiroshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPenetrating cardiac injuries are usually fatal and associated with poor survival rates.Case PresentationA 69‐year‐old man was injured in a motor vehicle accident and suffered from left hemothorax and multiple rib fractures near the heart. A comprehensive assessment raised suspicions of lacerated pericardium and myocardial injury. Consequently, a thoracoscopy was performed 9 h after injury. A penetrating cardiac injury was detected and surgically treated via video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged on postoperative day 16.ConclusionExploratory video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery may play a key role in the primary diagnosis of patients with high‐energy chest traumas with cardiac injury and simultaneously allow for the appropriate surgical interventions.
Analysis of comprehensive biomolecules in critically ill patients via bioinformatics technologies
Authors: Matsumoto Hisatake , Ogura Hiroshi , Oda Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEach patient with a critical illness such as sepsis and severe trauma has a different genetic background, comorbidities, age, and sex. Moreover, pathophysiology changes dynamically over time even in the same patient. Therefore, individualized treatment is necessary to account for heterogeneity in patient backgrounds. Recently, the analysis of comprehensive biomolecular information using clinical specimens has revealed novel molecular pathological classifications called subtypes. In addition, comprehensive biomolecular information using clinical specimens has enabled reverse translational research, which is a data‐driven approach to the identification of drug target molecules. The development of these methods is expected to visualize the heterogeneity of patient backgrounds and lead to personalized therapy.
Boryl Radical as a Catalyst in Enabling Intra‐ and Intermolecular Cascade Radical Cyclization Reactions: Construction of Polycyclic Molecules
Authors: Wang Jie , Lin Phang Yee , Yu You‐Jie , Liu Nan‐Nan , Xie Qiang , Zhang Feng‐Lian , Jin Ji‐Kang , Wang Yi‐Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCascade radical cyclization constitutes an atom‐ and step‐economic route for rapid assembly of polycyclic molecular skeletons. Although an array of redox‐active metal catalysts has recently shown robust applications in enabling various catalytic cascade radical processes, the use of free organic radical as the catalyst, which is capable of triggering strategically distinct cascades, has rarely been developed. Here, we disclosed that the benzimidazolium‐based N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐boryl radical is capable of catalyzing cascade cyclization reactions in both intra‐ and intermolecular pathways, assembling [5,5] fused bicyclic and [6,6,6] fused tricyclic molecules, respectively. The catalytic reactions start with the chemo‐ and regioselective addition of the boryl radical catalyst to a tethered alkene or alkyne moiety, followed by either an intramolecular formal [3+2] or an intermolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition process to construct bicyclo[3.3.0]octane or tetrahydrophenanthridine skeletons, respectively. Eventually, a β‐elimination occurs to release the boryl radical catalyst, completing a catalytic cycle. High to excellent diastereoselectivity is achieved in both catalytic reactions under substrate control.
Mechanistic Approach Toward the C4‐Selective Amination of Pyridines via Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen
Authors: Choi Hoonchul , Ham Won Seok , van Bonn Pit , Zhang Jianbo , Kim Dongwook , Chang Sukbok 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of site‐selective functionalization of N‐heteroarenes is highly desirable in streamlined synthesis. In this context, direct amination of pyridines stands as an important synthetic methodology, with particular emphasis on accessing 4‐aminopyridines, a versatile pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we report a reaction manifold for the C4‐selective amination of pyridines by employing nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen (SNH). Through 4‐pyridyl pyridinium salt intermediates, 4‐aminopyridine products are obtained in reaction with aqueous ammonia without intermediate isolation. The notable regioselectivity was achieved by the electronic tuning of the external pyridine reagents along with the maximization of polarizability in the proton elimination stage. Further mechanistic investigations provided a guiding principle for the selective C−H pyridination of additional N‐heteroarenes, presenting a strategic avenue for installation of diverse functional groups.
Oversaturating Liquid Interfaces with Nanoparticle‐Surfactants
Authors: Wu Xuefei , Xue Han , Fink Zachary , Helms Brett A. , Ashby Paul D. , Omar Ahmad K. , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAssemblies of nanoparticles at liquid interfaces hold promise as dynamic “active” systems when there are convenient methods to drive the system out of equilibrium via crowding. To this end, we show that oversaturated assemblies of charged nanoparticles can be realized and held in that state with an external electric field. Upon removal of the field, strong interparticle repulsive forces cause a high in‐plane electrostatic pressure that is released in an explosive emulsification. We quantify the packing of the assembly as it is driven into the oversaturated state under an applied electric field. Physiochemical conditions substantially affect the intensity of the induced explosive emulsification, underscoring the crucial role of interparticle electrostatic repulsion.
Synthesis of ZSM‐5 Zeolite Nanosheets with Tunable Silanol Nest Contents across an Ultra‐wide pH Range and Their Catalytic Validation
Authors: Li He , Yu Jiayu , Du Ke , Li Wanyi , Ding Ling , Chen Wei , Xie Songhai , Zhang Yahong , Tang Yi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZeolite synthesis under acidic conditions has always presented a challenge. In this study, we successfully prepared series of ZSM‐5 zeolite nanosheets (Z‐5‐SCA‐X) over a broad pH range (4 to 13) without the need for additional supplements. This achievement was realized through aggregation crystallization of ZSM‐5 zeolite subcrystal (Z‐5‐SC) with highly short‐range ordering and ultrasmall size extracted from the synthetic system of ZSM‐5 zeolite. Furthermore, the crystallization behavior of Z‐5‐SC was investigated, revealing its non‐classical crystallization process under mildly alkaline and acidic conditions (pH<10), and the combination of classical and non‐classical processes under strongly alkaline conditions (pH≥10). What's particularly intriguing is that, the silanol nest content in the resultant Z‐5‐SCA‐X samples appears to be dependent on the pH values during the Z‐5‐SC crystallization process rather than its crystallinity. Finally, the results of the furfuryl alcohol etherification reaction demonstrate that reducing the concentration of silanol nests significantly enhances the catalytic performance of the Z‐5‐SCA‐X zeolite. The ability to synthesize zeolite in neutral and acidic environments without the additional mineralizing agents not only broadens the current view of traditional zeolite synthesis but also provides a new approach to control the silanol nest content of zeolite catalysts.
Regiodivergent Hydrosilylation of Polar Enynes to Synthesize Site‐Specific Silyl‐Substituted Dienes
Authors: Wang Zi‐Lu , Wang Ying , Sun Yu‐Chen , Zhao Jin‐Bo , Xu Yun‐He 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHerein, we present catalyst‐regulated switchable site‐selective hydrosilylation of enynes, which are suitable for a wide range of alkyl and aryl substituted polar enynes and exhibit excellent functional group compatibility. Under the optimized conditions, silyl groups can be precisely installed at various positions of 1,3‐dienes. While α‐ and γ‐silylation products were obtained under platinum‐catalytic systems, β‐silylation products were delivered with [Cp*RuCl]4 as catalyst. This process lead to the formation of 1,3‐dienoates with diverse substitutions, which would pose challenges with other methodologies.
High‐potent trifunctional polybenzoxazines coatings for superhydrophobic cotton fabrics and mild steel corrosion protection applications
Authors: Srinivasan Harinei , Arumugam Hariharan , Krishnasamy Balaji , Mani Kailasam Saravana , Muthukaruppan Alagar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNew trifunctional polybenzoxazines were developed and utilized as a high‐potent coating material for superhydrophobic cotton fabrics and mild steel corrosion protection applications. New trifunctional benzoxazines resin have been synthesized using trihydroxytriphenylmethane (TTM) with dimethylaminopropylamine (dmapa), 1‐(3‐aminopropyl)imidazole (ipa) and aminoethoxyethanol (aee) as amine sources with paraformaldehyde through Mannich condensation. The structural confirmation of synthesized benzoxazines was ascertained by spectral studies. The ring opening polymerization of TTM‐Bzs was studied using DSC analysis. All the three TTM‐Bz monomers show curing temperature lower than 210°C. The thermo‐stability and water contact angle (WCA) of polybenzoxazines were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and goniometer, respectively. Among the TTM‐PBz studied, the poly(dmapa) exhibit better thermo‐stability and hydrophobic behavior when compared to rest of the synthesized polybenzoxazines. Poly(TTM‐dmapa)‐coated cotton fabric exhibits the superhydrophobic behavior and mild steel (MS)‐coated specimen possesses the higher charge transfer resistance value of 3.47 × 107 Ω cm2. It was also inferred that all the TTM‐PBz‐coated MS specimens exhibit higher corrosion protection behavior as well as good thermo‐stability and hydrophobic nature. Further, the obtained results suggested that these materials can be suitably exploited for hydrophobic anticorrosion applications with improved performance and enhanced longevity.
Enhancing interface adhesion between waterjet‐produced rubber powders and natural rubber by wet‐mixing method
Authors: Guo Lei , Liu Gongxu , Bai Lichen , Hao Kuanfa , Zhao Jinyang , Liu Kexin , Jian Xingao , Chai Hailin , Liu Fumin , Xu Yuan , Liu Haichao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe addition of rubber powder (RP) to natural rubber (NR) matrix using the dry mixing method leads to uneven distribution and poor interface bonding while the wet mixing method is not feasible due to the hydrophobic nature of the RP surface. To address this issue, we developed a method for producing RP with weakened hydrophobicity on the surface by high‐pressure waterjet and successfully achieved even distribution of the waterjet‐produced rubber powders (WPRPs) in NR and strong interface adhesion between WPRPs and NR by the wet mixing method. The properties of NR/WPRP composites were tested and characterized carefully. When adding 6 phr of 140‐mesh WPRPs in the NR matrix, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the NR/WPRP composites were 30.2 MPa and 627.2%, respectively, which were 4% and 7% higher than NR without WPRPs. Moreover, the anti‐abrasion property of the NR/WPRP composite was also strengthened by the addition of WPRPs. Our findings demonstrate that recycling waste rubber through a reasonable recycling method can not only reduce material waste and alleviate environmental pollution but also enhance the performance of the raw rubber, which offers significant economic benefits.
Comparing mass transfer and reaction rate kinetics in starch hydrolysis during food digestion
Authors: Sun Yongmei , Zhou Zelin , Zhong Chao , Lei Zexin , Langrish Timothy A. G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study demonstrates evidence that the mass transfer process of an enzyme (a biocatalyst) is the rate‐limiting step in the starch hydrolysis reaction during food digestion. The significance of this work has been to compare the reaction rate of starch hydrolysis by salivary enzymes with the mass transfer rate of rate‐limiting enzymes. This research has applied mass transfer and reaction engineering theory in a quantitative study of starch hydrolysis, and a dimensionless group, the Damköhler number (Da), has been calculated based on glucose measurements from a beaker and stirrer system. The values of the Da number in this study (0.3–19) indicate that both the time constant for mass transfer and the time constant for reaction are significant parameters. Scanning electron microscopy images emphasize that compression (simulated mastication) helps to break the plant cell wall of starch. Mass‐transfer resistance needs to be considered during food digestion studies. The Da numbers are significantly affected by both compression forces (internal mass‐transfer coefficients) and stirrer speeds (external mass‐transfer coefficients) in this beaker and stirrer system.
Piperlongumine and its derivatives against cancer: A recent update and future prospective
Authors: Swain Shasank S. , Sahoo Sanjeeb K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPiperlongumine, or piplartine (PL), is a bioactive alkaloid isolated from Piper longum L. and a potent phytoconstituent in Indian Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine with a lot of therapeutic benefits. Apart from all of its biological activities, it demonstrates multimodal anticancer activity by targeting various cancer‐associated pathways and being less toxic to normal cells. According to their structure–activity relationship (SAR), the trimethylphenyl ring (cinnamoyl core) and 5,6‐dihydropyridin‐2‐(1H)‐one (piperdine core) are responsible for the potent anticancer activity. However, it has poor intrinsic properties (low aqueous solubility, poor bioavailability, etc.). As a result, pharmaceutical researchers have been trying to optimise or modify the structure of PL to improve the drug‐likeness profiles. The present review selected 26 eligible research articles on PL derivatives published between 2012 and 2023, followed by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) format. We have thoroughly summarised the anticancer potency, mode of action, SAR and drug chemistry of the proposed PL‐derivatives against different cancer cells. Overall, SAR analyses with respect to anticancer potency and drug‐ability revealed that substitution of methoxy to hydroxyl, attachment of ligustrazine and 4‐hydroxycoumarin heterocyclic rings in place of phenyl rings, and attachment of heterocyclic rings like indole at the C7‐C8 olefin position in native PL can help to improve anticancer activity, aqueous solubility, cell permeability, and bioavailability, making them potential leads. Hopefully, the large‐scale collection and critical drug‐chemistry analyses will be helpful to pharmaceutical and academic researchers in developing potential, less‐toxic and cost‐effective PL‐derivatives that can be used against different cancers.
Accept or challenge? Exploring the experiences of pre‐service teachers from minoritised groups
Authors: Vickers‐Hulse Karan , Whitehouse Sarah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe shortage of teachers from Black, Asian and minoritised groups is well documented. Over the past decade, a body of research has confirmed that discrimination and inequality is a factor in the recruitment of teachers from Black, Asian and minoritised groups in England. Drawing on findings from the 2017 Runnymede Trust Report, which highlighted Bristol's lack of racial diversity within the teaching community, this paper explores the experiences of a group of pre‐service teachers on university teacher education routes who are minoritised within the general teaching population. The identified lack of diversity in the teacher workforce extends beyond race to other aspects of identity and representation in the classroom and is mirrored in teacher education. A series of focus group interviews were conducted across a 9‐month period. Results are presented as vignettes to capture the voice of minoritised participants. The findings have implications for the recruitment and retention of a diverse teacher workforce, as well as highlighting the need to ensure a sense of belonging for all pre‐service teachers entering the teaching community. This paper proposes a model relating to the analysis of critical incidents, which aims to inform future research into how pre‐service teachers respond to critical incidents regarding their identity. This model seeks to clarify tensions in the diverse lived experiences of pre‐service teachers and helps to explore the importance of context.
Mapping the signaling environment between sustainability‐focused entrepreneurship and investment inputs: A topic modeling approach
Authors: Yang Nan , Dousios Dimitrios , Korfiatis Nikolaos , Chalvatzis Konstantinos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe need for climate action has increased attention to sustainability‐focused entrepreneurship. In this context, entrepreneurial firms play a fundamental role in developing high‐technology solutions for decarbonization but face funding gaps due to the liabilities of newness and smallness. Despite the importance of signaling in entrepreneurship, little is known about what and how to effectively signal to attract investor interest in small ventures that develop sustainable technologies. To address this gap, the present study is anchored in signaling theory and suggests a topic modeling solution to identify signals presented in company self‐descriptions and areas of activity, alongside their investment inputs. Using data extracted from Crunchbase, a corpus of 5099 self‐descriptions of small sustainable technology ventures over a period of 10 years, this study provides novel insights into the signaling environment of sustainability‐focused entrepreneurship. The study's findings have implications for the sustainability ecosystem, namely, start‐ups, small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises, investors, and policymakers.
Blockchain technology in circular economy: Unpacking the potential issues and critical echoes through data triangulation and natural language processing
Authors: Shrivastav Santosh Kumar , Bag Surajit 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aims to identify the current status, potential issues and critical echoes in the integration of blockchain within circular economy (CE) practices. This study utilizes multiple data sources and synthesizes 91 published articles, and over 11,182 social media documents. Word‐embedding‐based clustering technique is employed to derive topics and themes on the use of blockchain in CE. The result of the study demonstrates that industries seek to implement blockchain for CE practices to automate processes for higher efficiency. However, issues revolving around blockchain governance and ethics, the impact of global trade facilitation, the skills required to implement blockchain, and sustainable reverse logistics within CE practices are major concerns. Additionally, acheiving a good return on investment while using blockchain for CE practices is another factor of concern for decision‐makers. This is the first study of its kind to discover topics, themes, potential issues, and critical echoes of integrating blockchain in CE through data triangulation. The results of this study are relevant to managers and policymakers, providing insights into leveraging up‐to‐date developments to address challenges in integrating blockchain within CE practices.