bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN EVALUATION OF THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SYNTHETIC LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE
Authors: Newton John R. , Kilpatrick Michael J. , Pike Janet M. , Collins William P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The potential use of LH-RH as a test of pituitary function in women has been investigated. In this study the synthetic material was administered intravenously, and samples of peripheral blood were removed at defined times. The levels of plasma oestradiol, LH and FSH were determined by radioimmunoassay.
The administration of incremental doses of LH-RH (from 1.56 to 450 μg) demonstrated that a maximal response was obtained with 100 μg in the majority of apparently healthy subjects. Accordingly, this amount was selected as the standard dose for use in a test of pituitary function. The application of this test to 96 patients with secondary amenorrhea showed that the release of LH and FSH (as assessed by the maximum value, and the area under the response curve) was within the normal range in 82, high in 4 and low in 10. There was no correlation between the cause of the amenorrhea, the results of the LH-RH test, and the endogenous levels of oestradiol, LH and FSH.
In addition 5 patients with primary amenorrhea and 8 patients with pituitary disorders were tested with LH-RH. In primary amenorrhea low basal levels of LH were found, but all subjects had a normal response to LH-RH. In 3 patients with clinical hypopituitarism the basal levels of gonadotrophins were in the normal range, but there was an impaired response to LH-RH.
It is concluded that 100 μg of LH-RH administered intravenously may be used to test the ability of the pituitary to release LH and FSH, but the magnitude and duration of the response is not of additional diagnostic value.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF [8-ARGININE]-VASOPRESSIN
Authors: Czernichow P. , Merkelbach U. , Vallotton M. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A radioimmunological method for the determination of the human antidiuretic hormone, [8-arginine]-vasopressin (AVP), is described in detail. The antiserum has been raised in rabbits injected with AVP adsorbed onto charcoal particles and is used at a final dilution of 1:200 000. It contains antibodies directed specifically against the C-terminal tripeptide and possesses a high association constant of 8.2× 1012 1/mole. AVP is labelled in monoiodinated form (as proven after pronase digestion) at a high specific activity close to the theoretical maximum after purification from unlabelled hormone on Sephadex gel. The standard curves are characterized by a Bo of 55 %, a limit of detection ascertained at least at 3 pg (10 % displacement) and a 50 % displacement achieved with 35.5 pg. The index of precision λ ranges from 0.033 to 0.042. The conditions of the assay (buffer's composition and pH, timing) were systematically varied and tested. In addition the result of immunization of chicken with AVP is reported. The assay is adequate for the measurement of AVP in urine and plasma and will be described in forthcoming papers.
EFFECTS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM AND THYROXINE SUBSTITUTION ON THE METABOLISM OF L-METHIONINE, L-CYSTATHIONINE AND TAURINE IN DEVELOPING RAT BRAIN
Authors: Heinonen Kirsti 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In hypothyroidism induced by radioiodine the activity of cystathionine synthase and the concentration of L-cystathionine in cerebrum and cerebellum of developing rat decreased markedly. The amount of taurine was significantly higher in cerebral and cerebellar tissue of hypothyroid rats than in corresponding parts of normal rat brain. Early substitution therapy with L-thyroxine corrected these changes.
ACTION OF GROWTH-PROMOTING HORMONES ON MACROMOLECULAR BIOSYNTHESIS DURING LOBULO-ALVEOLAR DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTIRE MAMMARY GLAND IN ORGAN CULTURE
Authors: Mehta Rajendra G. , Banerjee Mihir R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The entire 2nd thoracic mammary gland of the immature virgin BALB/c mouse was stimulated to full lobulo-alveolar (LA) growth after 120 h organ culture in hormone supplemented medium. The minimal hormonal combination required was insulin (I) + prolactin (Prl) + aldosterone (A). The corticosteroid was replaceable by oestradiol-17β (E) + progesterone (P). The combination I alone or I + the steroid hormone(s) failed to induce the LA development and similar results were also evident in presence of Prl + the steroids. Incubation of the glands in medium with I + Prl + A activated a sequential rise of RNA, protein and DNA synthesis. A near maximal increase of RNA synthesis was present at 48 h in the medium with I + Prl, addition of the steroid hormones did not show further stimulatory effect. Supplementation of the medium with I + Prl and the adrenal or the ovarian steroids was needed for maximal activation of protein synthesis at 72 h and DNA replication at 96 h. The medium with I alone did not show a substantial rise of macromolecular biosynthesis in the mammary gland in organ culture. The highest level of DNA polymerase activity was observed at 72 h in glands cultivated in medium with I + Prl and A or E + P. Only a modest increase of DNA polymerase activity was present in glands cultivated with I alone or I + Prl. Prior treatment of the glands (cultivated with I + Prl + A) with actinomycin D or puromycin resulted into 44 and 40 % reduction of DNA polymerase activity suggesting hormone-induced synthesis of the enzyme before the rise of DNA synthesis in the mammary cells at 96 h in organ culture. Significance of these results with respect to the action of the "growth-promoting" hormones in the mammary gland in organ culture and in the animal has been discussed.
VARIATIONS IN THE CONCENTRATION OF TESTOSTERONE IN PERIPHERAL VENOUS PLASMA FROM HEALTHY WOMEN
Authors: Tyler John P. P. , Newton John R. , Collins William P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentration of testosterone (ng/100 ml; mean ± sd) has been determined in peripheral venous plasma at 4 hourly intervals for 24 h from 9 non-pregnant women (39.8 ± 11.8) and 9 during late pregnancy (70 ± 32). In addition, the level of this hormone has been measured in samples of plasma removed daily (between 08.30 and 10.00 h) throughout 9 ovarian cycles (41.6 ± 11.8), and weekly from 10 women during gestation (57.6 ± 14.7).
The results show that there is considerable individual variation in both the concentration and pattern in serial samples over the respective time scales. The values of the arithmetic mean from non-pregnant subjects show that there is a tendency for the concentration to be lower between 20.00 and 04.00 h. However, the differences between the values at defined times over a 24 h period are not statistically significant. During the ovarian cycle 3 subjects had peak values during the peri-ovulatory phase, 2 in the luteal, 1 in the follicular and 3 showed no consistent pattern. There was no significant difference in values (40.9 ± 11.8, 41.9 ± 11.9 and 41.8 ± 11.9) for the 3 phases of the cycle. There is a significant rise in the concentration of plasma testosterone during pregnancy (P< 0.0005), but the pattern of the arithmetic mean is not related to the corresponding values for progesterone or oestradiol. During late pregnancy (34 weeks to term) there is a change in the nycterohemeral pattern, with the highest mean values occurring between 16.00 and 04.00 h. The results are discussed.
PROGESTERONE, 20α-DIHYDROPROGESTERONE AND 20β-DIHYDROPROGESTERONE IN MOTHER AND CHILD AT BIRTH
Authors: Runnebaum B. , Stöber I. , Zander J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 14 healthy pregnant women at term progesterone (P) and 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-DHP) were determined by radioimmunoassay both in the maternal and foetal compartments. The average concentrations were as follows (ng/ml blood or ng/g wet weight tissue): peripheral maternal blood P 56 ± 26, 20α-DHP 16 ± 8; placental tissue P 2514 ± 1516, 20α-DHP 429 ± 412; placental blood P 365 ± 160, 20α-DHP 35 ± 18; blood of the umbilical vein P 388 ± 121, 20α-DHP 33 ± 15; blood of the umbilical arteries P 162 ± 62, 20α-DHP 28 ± 10.
In 5 healthy pregnant women at term progesterone (P), 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-DHP) and 20β-dihydroprogesterone (20β-DHP) were also determined by gas-liquid chromatography both in the maternal and foetal compartments. The average concentrations were as follows (ng/ml plasma or ng/g wet weight tissue): peripheral maternal plasma P 129 ± 49, 20α-DHP 15 ± 15, 20β-DHP 1.7 ± 0.9; placental tissue P 5060 ± 1435, 20α-DHP 230 ± 158, 20β-DHP 38 ± 30; placental plasma P 723 ± 245, 20α-DHP 24 ± 13, 20β-DHP 1.0 ± 0.1; plasma of the umbilical vein P 704 ± 227, 20α-DHP 17 ± 3, 20β-DHP 1.2 ± 0.3; plasma of the umbilical arteries P 324 ± 94, 20α-DHP 17 ± 5, 20β-DHP 2.6 ± 2.1
These results show that, contrary to the progesterone concentrations, no significant difference exists in the concentrations of 20α-DHP and 20β-DHP between the blood from the umbilical vein and arteries. Furthermore, no significant difference could be found in the concentrations of P and 20α-DHP between the sexes in either the blood from the umbilical vein or from the umbilical arteries.
THE EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL CRYPTORCHIDISM ON SERUM OESTROGEN AND TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN THE ADULT MALE RAT
Authors: Hall R. W. , Gomes W. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestrone, oestradiol and testosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in male rats 0.5, 1, 4, 8 and 16 days after rats were either made artificially cryptorchid or sham-operated. Oestradiol levels were not significantly different between cryptorchid and control rats 12 h or 1 day after surgery, but levels in cryptorchid animals fell to 35 % of controls on day 4 (P < 0.05), 31% on day 8, and 29% on day 16 (P < 0.01). Conversely, oestrone and the total of the two oestrogens was higher in cryptorchid rats at one-half day (P <0.05), but did not differ at any other time. Testosterone levels were generally lower in cryptorchid rats than in controls. The minor contribution of oestradiol to total oestrogen levels and the lack of change of total oestrogens in cryptorchid rats led to the conclusion that oestrogens are probably not the tubular regulator of FSH in the male.
METABOLISM AND MODE OF ACTION OF ANDROGENS IN TARGET TISSUES OF MALE RATS
Authors: Szalay R. , Krieg M. , Schmidt H. , Voigt K. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to get more information on the mode of action of anti-androgens, two series with low but biologically active doses of cyproterone acetate were started. In the first experiments 12 μg of [3H] cyproterone acetate was injected intravenously into adult rats castrated 3 days before treatment. Thirty min after injection the radioactivity uptake in the target organs and other tissues was measured. The metabolites were separated by thin layer chromatography. A large pool of radioactivity could be shown in the liver. Thin layer chromatography revealed that in this pool cyproterone acetate had been converted by more than 80% to one metabolite. In blood plasma, too, the metabolite accounted for the major part of radioactivity. When compared to skeletal muscle, the prostate, seminal vesicles, and m. bulbocavernosus and m. levator ani accumulated more radioactivity. Within 30 min unchanged cyproterone acetate was retained selectively thus showing its relative high affinity to target organs. In a second experimental series, adult castrated male rats were given 10 μg of cyproterone acetate intravenously 30 min before the injection of [3H] testosterone or [3H]5α-dihydrotestosterone. Under this condition androgen uptake in target tissues was reduced to about 70 % of the control values. The data parallel the results of in vivo studies on cytosol receptor displacement of androgens by cyproterone acetate. In agreement with previous investigators no significant influence of the anti-androgen on androgen metabolism was observed. The importance of the findings concerning the mode of anti-androgen action is discussed.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF OESTRADIOL-17β ON COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS IN THE FEMUR OF CASTRATED FEMALE RATS
Authors: Langeland Norvald 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of different doses of oestradiol-17β on collagen metabolism in the femur of castrated young mature female rats was studied. The animals received daily injections of the hormone for 21 days and 25 μCi [14C]proline was injected intraperitoneally 24 h before the rats were sacrificed.
The rats receiving 1 μg oestradiol per day had a significantly higher specific activity of hydroxyproline in bone compared to the normal and the castrated control rats. At the same time the bone weights and collagen content per femur were less in the rats receiving oestradiol 1 and 2 μg/day than in the control animals. The higher specific activity of bone hydroxyproline in the rats receiving oestradiol-17β 1 μg/day did not, however, indicate a higher bone collagen accretion rate. As all rats received the same amount of [14C] proline, and the body weights differed considerably at sacrifice, the animals probably had different tissue fluid concentrations of [14C] proline. This possibility was supported by the observation that serum concentrations of radioactivity were inversely correlated to body weights. "Correcting" for differences in body weights, the castrated control rats turned out to be the group with the highest specific activity. On doses of 10 and 20 μg oestradiol-17β per day, the specific activity of hydroxyproline in bone was lower than in the control rats while bone weights and collagen content of the femur were not different from the corresponding values of the castrated controls. This finding suggests a "slow down" of collagen metabolism – both with regard to the accretion and the resorption.
At high doses – 10 and 20 μg oestradiol per animal per day – the percentage of incorporated 14C found as [14C]hydroxproline was reduced. The reason for this altered total-C14/[14C]hydroxyproline ratio is at present unknown.
ASSESSMENT OF GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION IN WOMEN WITH ANOREXIA NERVOSA
Authors: Aono T. , Kinugasa T. , Yamamoto T. , Miyake A. , Kurachi K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The LH and FSH secretions in 21 patients with anorexia nervosa were assessed by radioimmunoassay. On a single iv injection of 100 μg LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH), 8 patients showed LH response comparable to that of normal cyclic women in the follicular phase, and 5 patients showed excessive response. Although the remaining 8 patients showed almost no LH response, infusion of 400 μg LH-RH or daily im injections of LH-RH restored gonadotrophin responsiveness to LH-RH in all patients tested.
The initial rise in LH during clomiphene citrate treatment was observed in 3 out of 5 patients, but the second peak of LH was found in only one patient. The initial suppression of LH following iv injection of conjugated oestrogen (Premarin®) was observed in 9 out of 10 patients but a rebound increase comparable to that in normal cyclic women in the mid-follicular phase was found in only 3 patients.
These results seem to suggest that impaired hypothalamic function is the cause of gonadotrophin deficiency and the resultant anovulation in most patients with anorexia nervosa.
THE EFFECTS OF DEXAMETHASONE AND STARVATION ON BODY COMPOSITION AND REGIONAL ADIPOSE TISSUE CELLULARITY IN THE RAT
Authors: Krotkiewski Marcin , Björntorp Per 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to examine regional effects of corticosteroids on the depot fat distribution a dose of dexamethasone that produced changes in fat cell weight (40 μg per kg per day) was administered to rats. Starved rats were included for comparison.
Starvation caused a decrease in depot fat and fat cell weight proportional to the characteristic fat cell weight of that region. In comparison with the changes found in the depots of pair-fed rats the effects of dexamethasone in this dose were largely the same. The epididymal adipocytes behaved differently and were emptied more slowly than their weight indicated.
OESTRADIOL RECEPTOR LEVELS IN THE HUMAN FALLOPIAN TUBE DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Robertson D. M. , Landgren B.-M. , Guerrero R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The levels of cytoplasmic high-affinity oestradiol receptor sites were determined in the isthmus, isthmus-ampulla, ampulla and fimbria of human Fallopian tubes obtained from 23 women during the proliferative and secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and after menopause. Each segment was homogenized in 0.25 m sucrose and fractionated by differential centrifugation into an 800 g × 15 min nuclear pellet and a 100 000 g×1 h cytoplasmic supernatant and pellet. The nuclear and cytoplasmic pellets were extracted with 0.01 m Tris/HCl pH 8.0 containing 0.25 m sucrose, 1 mM EDTA and 0.1 m KCl. The receptor levels were determined in the 100 000 g × 1 h supernatant (free receptors) and in the KCI extracts (bound receptors). Values are expressed per μg DNA.
The concentration of receptors (total, free and bound) was significantly greater in the ampulla than in the isthmus in both phases of the menstrual cycle (P < 0.001). The concentration of free receptors in the isthmus, isthmus-ampulla and ampulla obtained in the proliferative phase was not significantly different from that of the secretory phase. In the fimbria a significantly higher concentration (P < 0.01) was observed in the proliferative phase. The bound receptors were significantly higher in all regions in the proliferative phase than in the secretory phase (P < 0.01).
As a consequence the concentration of total receptors was significantly greater along the tube in the proliferative phase (P < 0.01). The levels of oestradiol in the nuclear pellet of each segment as measured by radioimmunoassay were significantly greater in the isthmic region (P < 0.01) than in other regions of the tube. The inverse relationship between the concentration of oestradiol receptor sites and the nuclear levels of oestradiol along the Fallopian tube is discussed.
METABOLISM OF OESTRADIOL-17β AND OESTRONE IN THE HUMAN UTERUS
Authors: Krishnan A. R. , Bajaj B. K. , Hingorani V. , Laumas K. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A study of the metabolism of oestradiol in the human endometrium and myometrium of the proliferative and secretory phases of the cycle showed that the conversion of oestradiol to oestrone by endometrium in the proliferative phase was higher than that in the secretory phase. The decreased metabolic activity of the secretory phase endometrium was attributed to the influence of progesterone on the endometrium. The metabolic conversion of oestradiol to oestrone was enhanced when pyridine nucleotides were added to the system. The conversion of oestradiol to oestrone was maximum in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of the endometrium. Furthermore, the conversion of oestradiol was low in all the subcellular fractions of the myometrium as compared with the endometrial subcellular fractions. The presence of co-factors increased the metabolic conversion of oestradiol to oestrone in the subcellular fractions of the endometrium. The presence of 17β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase was indicated in all the subcellular fractions. A correlation was found between the amount of oestradiol and oestrone bound to the receptors in the uterus and the rate of metabolism of oestradiol in the uterus. The physiological significance of metabolism of oestradiol and the hormone action are discussed.
GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE FOLLOWING THYROTROPHIN-RELEASING HORMONE INJECTION INTO PATIENTS WITH ANOREXIA NERVOSA
Authors: Maeda K. , Kato Y. , Yamaguchi N. , Chihara K. , Ohgo S. , Iwasaki Y. , Yoshimoto Y. , Moridera K. , Kuromaru S. , Imura H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) on plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyrotrophin (TSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH), were studied in patients with anorexia nervosa. The basal plasma GH levels were elevated in 6 of 11 patients studied. Intravenous injection of synthetic TRH (500 μg) significantly raised the plasma GH levels in 9 of 11 patients. The peak values of plasma GH after TRH ranged from 6.0 to 31.5 ng/ml. Plasma GH concentrations also increased following the administration of synthetic LH-RH (100μg) in 1 of 7 patients. The intravenous injection of saline solution caused no significant change in plasma GH in these patients. The plasma LH responses to LH-RH were significantly blunted in all patients, whereas the plasma PRL and TSH responses to TRH were almost normal in the patients examined. These results suggest that the hypothalamo-pituitary function regulating GH and LH secretion is altered in patients with anorexia nervosa.
NON-SUPPRESSIBLE INSULIN-LIKE ACTIVITY AND SULPHATION ACTIVITY IN SERUM EXTRACTS OF NORMAL SUBJECTS, ACROMEGALICS AND PITUITARY DWARFS
Authors: Schlumpf U. , Heimann R. , Zapf J. , Froesch E. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Non-suppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA) is a term used for a variety of substances in serum, excluding insulin, which promote glucose uptake of adipose tissue and diaphragm in vitro. NSILA-S is a peptide with a molecular weight of 7000 which is soluble in acid ethanol and which has been purified on a large scale from human serum.
This study describes a simple chromatographic one step procedure by which NSILA-S can be extracted and quantitatively measured in individual sera. Using Sephadex G-75 equilibrated with 1 m acetic acid, NSILA-S was detected only in one peak containing small molecular peptides. NSILA-S obtained with this one step chromatographic procedure exerted all the effects of purified NSILA-S including sulphation activity on the rat cartilage. All chromatographic fractions with NSILA-S also had sulphation activity.
Both, NSILA-S and sulphation activity were increased in acromegalics and decreased in pituitary dwarfs. It is suggested that one molecule in serum is responsible for both activities which are, at least in part, under the control of growth hormone.
EFFECT OF ACTINOMYCIN D ON THE PITUITARY RESPONSE TO LH-RH
Authors: Vilchez-Martinez Jesus A. , Arimura Akira , Schally Andrew V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of Actinomycin D (Act D) on the release of LH and FSH induced by LH-RH was investigated in rats. Immature male rats received an iv infusion over a period of 3–4 h or a quick iv injection of synthetic LH-RH. Infusion of LH-RH significantly increased serum LH and FSH levels at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after the initiation of infusion. Pre-treatment with 100 μg/100 g b. w. Act D failed to affect the rise of serum LH and FSH levels 1 h after the infusion but significantly suppressed the response at 2, 3 and 4 h. The increase in serum LH and FSH levels after a quick injection of LH-RH was unaffected by pre-treatment with Act D whether the antibiotic was injected 1 or 2 h before LH-RH. The results suggest that the initial phase of the pituitary response to LH-RH does not require DNA-dependent RNA synthesis, whereas that in the later period does. RNA synthesis may be necessary only to maintain the increased secretion of both LH and FSH during a continuous stimulation with LH-RH.