bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of the current anti-D immunoglobulin doses for the prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn in Duhok/Iraq
Authors: Saifullah Hazheen Hisham , Eissa Adil Abozaid 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
The current study was initiated to evaluate the comparability of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) measurement using flow cytometry (FCM) and Kleihauer–Betke test (KBT) and also to evaluate the validity of the current anti-D immunoglobulin doses for the prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn in Duhok/Iraq.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The current study included 101 pregnant women with Rh(D)-negative blood group who had Rh (D)-positive husbands. Their blood was tested for blood groping, FMH by FCM and KBT, and indirect Coombs test, 1 h following sensitizing events and 72 h after giving anti-D. Furthermore, blood from newborns was examined for blood group and direct Coombs test.

RESULTS:
The main sensitizing event was parturition (62.4%) followed by cesarean section (32.7%). The indirect Coombs was positive in 32 cases while the direct Coombs test was positive in 19 cases. In 63.4% of cases, the ABO blood groups were incompatible between mothers and their babies. When FMH was checked by KBT method, it was found that 16 (15.8%) participants had FMH ranging 1.2–51 mL (median 4.35 mL), while FMH was positive in 27 (26.7%) participants by FCM method ranging 1.2–54.4 ml (median 9.5 mL). About 4–5 patients had FMH (measured by KBT and FCM, respectively) of >12 mL and only 1% had a volume of >30 mL. The difference between KBT and FCM for FMH measurement was statistically significant with P < 0.001 when assessed by paired t-test and has a highly significant positive correlation with each other. The correlation of FMH was statistically significant with maternal gravidity, number of anti-D received before (moderate positive correlation), gestational age, and newborn hemoglobin (negative correlation). However, the correlation was not significant between FMH and the following factors: maternal parity, maternal hematological parameters, and ABO compatibility of mother and their babies with P > 0.05.

CONCLUSION:
Inadequate doses of anti-D had been given previously that resulted in sensitization in at least one-quarter of the cases, and this necessitated proper measurement of FMH in all Rh (D) mothers following sensitizing events.
Characterization of physiochemical parameters & their effect on microbial content of smokeless tobacco products marketed in north India
Authors: Shahid Mohammad , Srivastava Sonal , Shukla Priti , Yadav Ravi , Sajid Mohammad , Kumar Anuj , Singh Shalini , Bharadwaj Mausumi 
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) product consumption has profound public health implications for its users. The pH and moisture of SLTs determine the bioavailability of nicotine, the microbial structure dynamics and the amount of microbial conversion of tobacco alkaloids to carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines. This study aimed to characterize and compare the pH, moisture and alkaloid content of various SLT products.

Methods:
Thirty-seven SLT samples including khaini, snus, moist snuff, gul, pan masala, zarda, Mainpuri kapoori and qiwam were collected from the retail market around the National Capital Region in north India and their pH, moisture, nicotine and alkaloid content were measured. The pH and total nicotine were used to calculate the amount of free nicotine, the readily absorbed form, for each product by applying the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation.

Results:
The investigation showed that the SLTs varied drastically in their pH (5.36 to 10.27), moisture content (4.7 to 51.7%) and alkaloid content (0.82 to 35.87 mg/g). The pH and free nicotine levels of a product were found to be positively correlated, and the highest free nicotine content was reported in snus samples. Further, the moisture content was seen to impact the bacterial and fungal diversity in these samples.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Studies to detect the presence of pathogenic microbiological genera as well as potentially toxic constituents are warranted. The use of SLTs as an alternative to cigarette smoking should be discouraged, and cessation programmes must call attention to their detrimental effects and emphasize on benefits of quitting SLT consumption.
A descriptive study of hepatitis C in people who inject drugs
Authors: Shivaprakash Prakrithi , Patel Vinit , Shadakshari Darshan , Verma Rahul , Shukla Lekhansh , Mahadevan Jayant , Kandasamy Arun , Chand Prabhat Kumar , Benegal Vivek , Sethuraman Lakshmanan , Sharma Priyamvada , Murthy Pratima 
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:
The seroprevalence of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in general population is higher than that of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in India. People who inject drugs (PWIDs) constitute a high-risk group for all blood-borne infections. Multiple behavioural surveillance surveys have provided a rich typology of HIV-infected PWIDs, but this information is missing for HCV infection. We describe awareness, transmission risk factors and the treatment continuum for HCV infection among PWID. We also report spatial clustering of HCV infection in PWIDs residing in Bengaluru.

Methods:
Information from clinical records was collected and telephonic interviews of retrospectively identified PWIDs who received treatment at a tertiary-level addiction treatment facility between 2016 and 2021 were conducted.

Results:
We identified 391 PWIDs; 220 (56.26%) received an anti-HCV antibody test (4th Generation HCV-Tridot). Individuals reporting unsafe injection practices were more often tested than those who did not (χ

2
=44.9, df=1, P<0.01). Almost half of the tested and more than a quarter of the whole sample (109/220, 49.9%; 109/391, 27.9%) were seropositive for HCV infection. The projected seropositivity in this group was between 27.9 per cent (best case scenario, all untested assumed negative) and 71.6 per cent (worst case scenario, all untested assumed positive). Only a minority of participants interviewed were aware of HCV (27/183, 14.7%). HCV infection and its associated risk behaviour (PWID) were clustered in certain localities (Diggle and Chetwynd Test; P=0.001) in Bengaluru in the southern district of Karnataka.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Undetected HCV infection is common in PWIDs; awareness and treatment uptake is poor in this group. Spatial clustering of infections in a district shows transmission in close networks and provides opportunities for targeted interventions.
Elemental analysis of various demineralized tooth graft by EDX-720 XRF: An in vitro study
Authors: Saravanan M. Amudha , Devi R. Renuka , Nalini H. Esther 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
The periodontal regeneration is the most challenging process which involves regeneration of both hard and soft tissues. There are various biomaterials available for this purpose. Tooth graft can be used as a regenerative material in the field of periodontics and implantology. The tooth graft with 70% demineralization is considered to be a better option for periodontal regeneration. Different methods are employed for demineralization of tooth using various acids.

Materials and Methods:
This study was designed as an in vitro study. Totally 60 teeth were collected and categorized into four groups. Groups I, II, and III teeth were demineralized in 2% nitric acid, 0.6 M hydrochloric acid, and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), respectively. The Group IV teeth were left undemineralized. The elements present in the various tooth graft groups after demineralization were analyzed by EDX-720 XRF Instrument.

Results:
The EDTA demineralized tooth graft has higher level of Calcium, Strontium, and Zinc content compared to other tooth graft groups and it was statistically significant with P = 0.001.

Conclusion:
The EDTA demineralized tooth graft can serve as better graft than 2% nitric acid and 0.6M hydrochloric acid demineralized and undemineralized tooth grafts.
Injectable platelet-rich fibrin polymerized with hydroxyapatite bone graft for the treatment of three-wall intrabony defects: A randomized control clinical trial
Authors: Chaudhary Bharti , Singh Rika , Manjunath R.G. Shiva , Subramanyam Sai Karthikeyan Sai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:

Background:
The study was aimed to compare and evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) polymerized with hydroxyapatite (HA) bone graft and HA bone graft alone for treating three-wall intrabony defects (IBDs).

Materials and Methods:
The trial was planned as a randomized, prospective clinico-radiographic study with inclusion of 34 three-wall IBDs in patients with stage III periodontitis. IBDs were assigned randomly to one of the groups, i.e., Group I – experimental (i-PRF + HA) and Group II – control (HA alone). At baseline and 6 and 9-month intervals, both the clinical and radiographic measurements were taken and baseline and 9-month data were tabulated and imported into SPSS 22 software. Student unpaired and paired t- tests were used to find significant differences (p<0.05).

Results:
Both the groups showed substantial changes in all clinical and radiographic measures on comparison from baseline values. On intergroup comparison, the i-PRF + HA group reported significantly higher original defect resolution and original defect fill as compared to the HA group.

Conclusion:
i-PRF polymerized with HA graft has shown better results as compared to HA graft alone in three-wall IBDs and therefore can be used as a better possible alternative for the treatment of three-wall IBDs.
Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on salivary melatonin levels in patients with periodontal disease
Authors: Megavath Sravani , Nagarakanti Sreenivas , Chava Vijay Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context:
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease in which periodontal tissues are damaged as a result of an imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant systems. Melatonin is one hormone that controls circadian rhythms and is also an antioxidant and immune modulator.

Aim:
The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on salivary melatonin levels (SM) in patients with periodontal disease.

Settings and Design:
A single-center clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of SRP on SM levels in patients with periodontal disease.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-five participants of age 30–60 years were equally divided into three groups: 15 healthy participants, 15 participants with gingivitis, and 15 participants with periodontitis. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from all the participants at baseline and 1 month after SRP from participants of gingivitis and periodontitis group and SM levels were determined by commercially available ELISA kit.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Group comparisons were made using t-test. The level of significance was set at a P < 0.05 for all tests.

Results:
SM levels were significantly lower in the chronic periodontitis group. There was a significant improvement in clinical parameters and SM levels in both chronic periodontitis and gingivitis groups after SRP.

Conclusion:
This study determined that there is a negative correlation between SM levels and the severity of periodontal disease and showed a significant increase in SM levels after SRP, suggesting that melatonin might have a protective role against periodontal disease and can be considered as an effective biomarker.
Effect of platelet concentrates on the treatment outcome of peri implantitis: A systematic review
Authors: Shetty Nikitha Ravindra , Menaka K. B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Platelet concentrates (PCs) are biological agents known to promote soft as well as hard tissue healing. The review aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of PCs for treating peri-implantitis (PI). Five electronic databases were systematically reviewed followed by a handsearch of relevant journals. The selected studies focused on the predetermined primary and secondary outcomes. The primary outcomes were bleeding on probing, probing depth, marginal bone level. RevMan 5.4.1 software was used for risk bias analysis. The search retrieved 12 articles, and only one study compared PC and open flap debridement. Other three studies with different control arms were included to evaluate the overall effect of different PCs in treatment of PI. High heterogeneity was found regarding study design, sample size, surgical techniques, and methods for preparing PCs. The use of platelet-rich fibrin for PI over conventional therapy was beneficial in improving clinical parameters. In addition, PC when combined with graft materials provided a significant improvement in parameters assessed. The preliminary data regarding the use of different PC in treatment of PI seem to be promising. However, due to lack of comparative randomized controlled trials, future clinical research is necessary to comment on the role of PCs for treating PI.
Myositis-specific and Myositis-associated Autoantibodies in Saudi Patients
Authors: Sghiri Rim , Shakoor Zahid , Ahmed Mohammed , Alrajhi Nuha Nasser , Almogren Adel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
Data about myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) and myositis-associated autoantibodies (MAAs) in Saudi patients are limited, and most studies have focused on anti-Jo1. This study aimed at reporting the MSAs and MAAs in Saudi population and their significance.

Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of 190 Saudi patients investigated for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) between January 2019 and January 2023. Data for MSAs and MAAs were collected from medical records of patients. MSAs and MAAs were detected by line immunoblot.

Results:
Among the 190 sera tested, 47 yielded positive results for MSAs. There were 19 (40.4%) patients with IIMs, 20 (42.6%) with interstitial lung disease (ILD), and 8 (17%) with connective tissue diseases. Anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) was the most common MSA and was positive among 16 (34%) patients. Anti-PL-12 was the most frequent anti-synthetase antibody (21.3%) followed by anti-PL-7 (19.1%). Anti-Jo1 was associated with Raynaud’s phenomenon (odds ratio [OR] = 9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3–60, P = 0.037) and with ILD (OR = 29, 95% CI = 2.4–351, P = 0.008) in patients with IIMs whereas anti-PL-7 was associated with ILD in the rest of the patients (OR = 6, 95% CI = 1.1–33, P = 0.021). MAAs were positive in 24 (51.1%) patients with anti-Ro52 as the most frequently detected antibody (29.8%).

Conclusion:
We confirm the association of MSAs with IIMs and ILD in the Saudi population. Anti-SRP and anti-PL-12 were the most common MSAs. These observations should be validated by large-scale studies.
The Validity of Immunohistochemistry in Detecting Microsatellite Instability in Pediatric Solid Neoplasms
Authors: Aljerian Khaldoon , AlRajban Waleed , Aljohani Tariq , Alshehri Ali , Alsherif Omar , Alharbi Musa , Abosoudah Ibraheem , Jastaniah Wasil , Daama Saad Al , AlSultan Abdulrahman , Alsubaie Nahaa Eid 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is the biological pathway that plays a key role in maintaining genomic stability during DNA replication and recombination. The value of MMR pathway is under investigation in pediatrics’ solid tumors.

Aims:
In this research work, we investigated the proteins involved in the oncogenesis of pediatric solid neoplasms and detect these proteins in a representative cohort sample of Saudi pediatric cases under the bioinformatic networking technique. We also described the MLH1, BRAF, p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and PMS2 along with MSH2-MSH6 antibodies to be a diagnostic immunohistochemistry (IHC) panel for identifying MMR mutations. This research will open the new doors for advanced research on proteins involved in the oncogenesis of pediatric solid neoplasms. The hypotheses were tested on a sample of solid malignancies and IHC results were reported.

Material and Methods:
The study was conducted in different institutions in Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria required enrolling biopsies of solid neoplasms or resected solid malignant neoplasms presented to the laboratories in the participating institutions of all pediatric patients (aging from 0 to 14 years). The specimens were examined microscopically utilizing Hematoxylin and Eosin stain as well as the utilization of MMR proteins immunohistochemistry (IHC), and PNCA.

Results:
The qualitative assessment showed that IHC diagnosis yielded positive results with ≥80% of positive cells (intact) for MMR proteins (MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and MLH1). The PCNA protein was absent only in vaginal germ cell tumor and metastatic medulloblastoma.

Conclusion:
In our sample, we have found that there is an intact MMR proteins expression. Also, the IHC technique presents accuracy and ability as a diagnostic technique for identifying the different types of pediatric cancers. The MMR protein panel accompanied with PCNA panels holds additional value, as it helps reduce dependency solely on MMR protein expressions.
Bone Scrapers for Intraoral Bone Harvesting: A Comparative Review
Authors: Habet Shaaban Habib , Vidyadharan Arun Kumar , Jinendra Anju , Rajeev Gayathri 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Dental implants are a standard treatment, but bone defects can complicate their placement. Alveolar ridge augmentation using autogenous bone (AB) grafts, harvested with tools such as bone scrapers, is a well-established solution. This review compares three famous bone scrapers: Ebner, Safe and 1/2 Buser Double-ended.

Objective:
This review aimed to compare the effectiveness, versatility and clinical outcomes of three commonly used bone scrapers for intraoral bone harvesting: Ebner scraper, Safescraper and 1/2 Buser Double-ended scraper.

Methods:
A systematic search identified ten relevant articles evaluating the use of these scrapers in intraoral bone harvesting procedures. The review compared the physical characteristics of the scrapers and summarised the clinical outcomes reported in the literature.

Results:
All three scrapers were effective for intraoral bone harvesting, offering advantages such as precision, cost-effectiveness and minimal risk of damage to surrounding tissues. However, they differed in their blade design, preferred harvesting site and amount of bone obtained. The Ebner scraper was most suitable for convex surfaces, the Safescraper for flat surfaces and the 1/2 Buser Double-ended scraper for irregular surfaces. Studies also showed that bone scrapers can effectively collect AB particles for optimal integration and healing.

Conclusion:
Bone scrapers are the valuable tools for intraoral bone harvesting procedures. The choice of scraper should be based on the specific clinical scenario and the desired amount of bone to be harvested. This review provides clinicians with information to select the most appropriate tool for their needs.
Osteo-Odonto-Keratoprosthesis
Authors: Thomas Jerin , Kuriakose Rene , Das Arya K. , Reji Alan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Our eye is the window of the soul, and the window of the eye is the cornea. The role of teeth is extremely less known in the field of ophthalmology. Osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis (OOKP) is a medical procedure to restore vision in severe cases of corneal and ocular surface diseases. It comprises the removal of a tooth mostly canine from the patient or a donor. A portion of the tooth along with the bone is used to support an optical cylinder to restore vision. It is a new hope of ray for millions who suffer from total blindness with good optic nerve and good retina. A wide variety of infectious and inflammatory eye diseases serve as the major cause for corneal diseases. Penetrating keratoplasty is the general treatment for corneal diseases. However, when the ocular surface is severely compromised, penetrating keratoplasty is a failure. Thus, keratoprosthesis is the viable option for restoring sight in these patients in which a plastic acrylic implant is held in a piece of the patient’s tooth and surrounding bone, and the whole is placed in a corneal envelope into which polymethyl methacrylate optic is cemented and the patient’s extraction socket is filled with osseograft for later prosthetic rehabilitation. Even if OOKP surgery is extremely demanding and time-consuming, the rewards will be extremely satisfying as the patient may regain the quality of life that they enjoyed once. The use of a tooth as an eye implant is such creativity that would inspire future inter-professional approaches to ophthalmic practice to provide the best care for patients.
Intraoperative finding of a gastric lymphoma during sleeve gastrectomy: Case report
Authors: Bakir Huseyin , Ozsoy Zeki , Dagmura Hasan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a common surgical procedure in bariatric surgery. Intraoperatively unexpected findings may be encountered, and these lesions may be malignant or benign. In the present case, a patient with a body mass index of 59.5 kg/m2 underwent LSG. Intraoperatively, a mass in the fundus of the stomach was noticed. The 7-cm lesion was incorporated within the excised gastric specimen with clear surgical borders. A frozen section examination showed a gastrointestinal stromal tumor with disease-free surgical margins. The postoperative period was eventless. However, histopathological examination of the specimen revealed extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. No metastasis was detected in thorax computerized tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-CT. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments were initiated. No dietary problems were observed thereafter.
Building an investment portfolio based on instrumental economic and mathematical methods
Authors: Иванюк В.А. , Храмцов М.В. 
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена построению инвестиционного портфеля на основе инструментальных методов, разработке программного обеспечения для построения инвестиционного портфеля на основе языка Python. Рассматриваются основные виды риска. Описывается математический аппарат построения инвестиционного портфеля на основе модели Г. Марковица.
This article is devoted to the construction of an investment portfolio based on instrumental methods. The goal of the work is to develop software for building an investment portfolio based on the Python language. The article discusses the main types of risk. The mathematical apparatus for constructing an investment portfolio based on the G. Markowitz model is described.
Features of human capital development: the essence and methods of assessment
Authors: Махмудов Б.А. , Фаталиев Н.С. , Пожималин В.Н. 
Published: April 2024

Основной целью статьи является исследование проблем развития человеческого капитала, анализ особенностей и условий функционирования основных его составляющих с определением будущих перспектив. Методология исследования основана на обосновании необходимости развития человеческого капитала, анализе его формирования. Для решения поставленных задач были использованы методы анализа, синтеза, обобщения, индукция, аналогии и системного подхода. Рассмотрены социально-экономическая сущность и составляющие человеческого капитала. Определена роль человеческого капитала в обеспечении развития экономики. Сформированы основные показатели, характеризующие человеческий капитал регионов России.
The main purpose of the article is to study the problems of human capital development, analyze the features and conditions of functioning of the main components of human capital with the definition of future prospects. The research methodology is based on the justification of the need for the development of human capital, the analysis of its formation. To solve the tasks, methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction, analogy and a systematic approach were used. The socio-economic essence and components of human capital are considered. The role of human capital in ensuring the development of the economy is determined. The main indicators characterizing the human capital of the regions of Russia have been formed.