bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation: A new candidate in modulating adult neurogenesis
Authors: Das Sulagna , Basu Anirban 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAny pathological perturbation to the brain provokes a cascade of molecular and cellular events, which manifests in the form of microglial activation and release of various proinflammatory molecules. This eventually culminates in a profound neuroinflammatory reaction that characterizes the brain's response to stress, injury, or infection. The inflammatory cascade is an attempt by the system to eliminate the challenge imposed on the brain, clear the system of the dead and damaged neurons, and rescue the normal functioning of this vital organ. However, during the process of microglial activation, the proinflammatory mediators released exert certain detrimental effects, and neural stem cells and progenitor cells are likely to be affected. Here we review how the proliferation, maturation, and migration of the neural stem cells are modulated under such an inflammatory condition. The fate of the noncommitted neural stem cells and its differentiation potency are often under strict regulation, and these proinflammatory mediators seem to disrupt this critical balance and finely tune the neurogenesis pattern in the two niches of neurogenesis, the subventricular zone and the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. Moreover, the migration ability of these stem cells, which is important for localization to the proper site, is also affected in a major way by the chemokines released following inflammation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multifaceted roles of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate: How does this bioactive sphingolipid fit with acute neurological injury?
Authors: Singh Indrapal N. , Hall Edward D. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSphingosine‐1‐phosphate (Sph‐1‐P) is an essential bioactive sphingolipid metabolite that has currently become the focus of intense interest. Sph‐1‐P is generated by the enzyme sphingosine kinase (SphK) in response to diverse stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, and G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. Its precursor, sphingosine (Sph), is produced from the precursor ceramide (Cer) via a ceramidase (CDase) that is released from membrane sphingomyelin (SPM) by sphingomyelinases (SMase). Accumulating evidence indicates that Sph‐1‐P is the key regulatory lipid involved in the metabolism of sphingolipids and is involved in the control of numerous aspects of cell physiology, including mitogenesis, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. These actions of Sph‐1‐P are mediated by a family of high‐affinity S1P receptors, named S1P1–5, which are coupled differentially via Gi, Gq, G12/13, and Rho to multiple effector systems, including adenylate cyclase, phospholipases C (PLC) and D (PLD), extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. In this Review, we accumulate available evidence implying that sphingolipid signaling may represent a novel neuroprotective target to counteract the pathophysiology of acute brain and spinal cord injury in regard to apoptotic cell death mechanisms, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid hydrolysis, and oxidative damage mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss how Sph‐1‐P agonist approaches might be expected to increase the resistance of the central nervous system to injury by promoting neurotrophic activity, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis. On the other hand, antagonists of certain Sph‐1‐P‐related activity might possess proregenerative effects via promotion of neurite growth and inhibition of astrogliotic scarring. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local organization of water and its effect on the structural heterogeneities in room‐temperature ionic liquid/H2O mixtures
Authors: Fazio B. , Triolo A. , Di Marco G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFourier‐transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies have been used to investigate the role played by water on the structural organization of 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium tetrafluoroborate and H2O mixtures, over a wide composition range at room temperature. Our measurements provide clear experimental evidence of the prompt association between ‘free’ water molecules and anions at very small water contents. Moreover, in the case of higher water contents, we obtain indications of the local aggregation of water molecules in the network. Such an aggregation is found to occur even before the saturation of all the anions that are available for H‐bonding. We propose that the water clusters favour the organization of ionic liquid in the polar network, where they are embedded, and the aggregation of hydrophobic alkyl tails in a micelle‐like structure. When mixtures with water molar fraction exceeding 0.7 are considered, this local organization starts to weaken owing to the gradual break up of the ion‐pair interactions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl carbonate mineral voglite
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Čejka Jiří , Ayoko Godwin A. , Dickfos Marilla J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRaman spectroscopy, complemented with infrared spectroscopy, was used to study the uranyl carbonate mineral voglite. The mineral has the formula Ca2Cu2+ [(UO2)(CO3)3](CO3)•6H2O, and bands attributed to these vibrating units are readily identified in the Raman spectrum. Symmetric stretching modes at 836 and 1094 cm−1 are assigned to ν1(UO2)2+ and ν1(CO3)2− units, respectively. The ν3 antisymmetric stretching modes of (UO2)2+ are not observed in the Raman spectrum but may be readily observed in the infrared spectrum at 898 cm−1. The ν3 antisymmetric stretching mode of (CO3)2− is observed in the Raman spectrum at 1369 cm−1 as a low intensity band as is also the ν3(CO3)2− infrared modes at 1362, 1425, 1509 and 1566 cm−1. No ν2(CO3)2− Raman bending modes are observed for voglite. The Raman band at 749 cm−1 and the two infrared bands at 747 and 709 cm−1 are assigned to the ν4(CO3)2− bending modes. UO bond and OH…O bond lengths in the structure of voglite were inferred from the infrared and Raman spectra. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Raman spectroscopic characterisation of hydrotalcite with CO32− and (MoO4)2− anions in the interlayer
Authors: Palmer Sara J. , Frost Ray L. , Ayoko Godwin , Nguyen Tai 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRaman spectroscopy has been used to characterise synthetic mixed carbonate and molybdate hydrotalcites of formula Mg6Al2(OH)16((CO3)2−,(MoO4)2−)·4H2O. The spectra have been used to assess the molecular assembly of the cations and anions in the hydrotalcite structure. The spectra may be conveniently subdivided into spectral features on the basis of the carbonate anion, the molybdate anion, the hydroxyl units and water units. Bands are assigned to the hydroxyl stretching vibrations of water. Three types of carbonate anions are identified: (1) carbonate hydrogen‐bonded to water in the interlayer, (2) carbonate hydrogen‐bonded to the hydrotalcite hydroxyl surface, (3) free carbonate anions. It is proposed that the water is highly structured in the hydrotalcite, as it is hydrogen bonded to both the carbonate and the hydroxyl surface. The spectra have been used to assess the contamination of carbonate in an open reaction vessel in the synthesis of a molybdate hydrotalcite of formula Mg6Al2(OH)16((CO3)2−, (MoO4)2−)·4H2O. Bands are assigned to carbonate and molybdate anions in the Raman spectra. Importantly, the synthesis of hydrotalcites from solutions containing molybdate provides a mechanism for the removal of this oxy‐anion. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopic characterization of cinnabarin produced by the fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus (Fr.) Murr.
Authors: de Oliveira Luiz F. C. , Le Hyaric Mireille , Berg Marcela M. , de Almeida Mauro V. , Edwards Howell G. M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRaman spectroscopy with 1064 nm laser excitation is used here to identify the chemical composition of the extracts obtained from Pycnoporus sanguineus fungus, in comparison with the data produced from the red fungus itself. Polar and non‐polar solvents were used to separate cinnabarin and ergosterol, respectively, the main components of each extract. The Raman spectra of the extracts are dominated by specific vibrational modes that can be related to these components; in the case of ergosterol the main bands are those assignable to CH stretching and deformation along with bands related to the aryl skeletal rings. The cinnabarin fraction, on the other hand, gives a Raman spectrum where the most important bands are those related to NH2 bending (1510 cm−1) and C quinonoid stretching (1647 cm−1) modes. The Raman spectrum obtained directly from the fungus shows similarity with the cinnabarin fraction, in agreement with the literature information from extracts that cinnabarin is the most significant component present in the red fungus. This result highlights the potential of Raman spectroscopic techniques for the monitoring of the fungus extraction process undertaken in small industries. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adolescent obsessive compulsive disorder heralding chorea‐acanthocytosis
Authors: Walterfang Mark , Yucel Murat , Walker Ruth , Evans Andrew , Bader Benedikt , Ng Ashley , Danek Adrian , Mocellin Ramon , Velakoulis Dennis 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe describe one male and one female patient who each developed childhood/adolescent obsessive‐compulsive disorder as a prelude to the development of a typical picture of chorea‐acanthocytosis (ChAc). In each patient, the caudate nucleus showed dramatic atrophy. The role of the caudate in compulsive phenomena, and the predilection for neurological disorders with onset in adolescence to present as major mental illness, is discussed. On the basis of the current evidence and previous findings, we suggest that ChAc can be understood as a disorder whose clinical presentation reflects an interaction between the disease process and the individual's neurodevelopmental stage with both initial interrupted neurodevelopment, and supervening neurodegeneration. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
4‐Hydroxynonenal: A membrane lipid oxidation product of medicinal interest
Authors: Poli G. , Schaur R.J. , Siems W.G. , Leonarduzzi G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA comprehensive focus on 4‐hydroxynonenal (HNE) as candidate molecule in a variety of pathophysiological conditions occurring in humans is here provided. Despite an active, now well characterized, metabolism in most cells and tissues, HNE can be easily detected and quantified by means of several methods, although with different sensitivity. Measurements of HNE and/or stable metabolites in biological fluids are already applied as lipid peroxidation/oxidative stress markers in a huge number of human disease processes, often sustained by inflammatory reactions. A primary involvement of this aldehydic product of membrane lipid oxidation in inflammation‐related events, as well as in regulation of cell proliferation and growth, in necrotic or apoptotic cell death, appears supported by its marked ability to modulate several major pathways of cell signaling and, consequently, gene expression. The actual knowledge of HNE reactivity, metabolism, signaling and modulatory effect in the various human organs should provide a solid background to the investigation of the aldehyde's contribution to the pathogenesis of human major chronic diseases and would likely promote advanced and oriented applications not only in diagnosis and prevention but also in molecular treatment of human diseases. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 28, No. 4, 569–631, 2008
On optimality of parallel MRI reconstruction in k‐space
Authors: Samsonov Alexey A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractParallel MRI reconstruction in k‐space has several advantages, such as tolerance to calibration data errors and efficient non‐Cartesian data processing. These benefits largely accrue from the approximation that a given unsampled k‐space datum can be synthesized from only a few local samples. In this study, several aspects of parallel MRI reconstruction in k‐space are studied: the design of optimized reconstruction kernels, the effect of regularization on image error, and the accuracy of different k‐space–based parallel MRI methods. Reconstruction of parallel MRI data in k‐space is posed as the problem of approximating the pseudoinverse with a sparse matrix. The error of the approximation is used as an optimization criterion to find reconstruction kernels optimized for the given coil setup. An efficient algorithm for automatic selection of reconstruction kernels is described. Additionally, a total error metric is introduced for validation of the reconstruction kernel and choice of regularization parameters. The new methods yield reduced reconstruction and noise errors in both simulated and real data studies when compared with existing methods. The new methods may be useful for reduction of image errors, faster data processing, and validation of parallel MRI reconstruction design for a given coil system and k‐space trajectory. Magn Reson Med, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical facet of Möbius syndrome: Association with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Kolski Hanna K. , Leonard Norma J. , Lemmers Richard J.L.F. , Bamforth John S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe describe a patient with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) associated with Möbius syndrome and congenital ophthalmoplegia. This 7‐year‐old girl had profound limitation of extraocular movements since birth, congenital facial diplegia, neonatal hypotonia, and progressive limb‐girdle weakness. FSHD genetic testing revealed a pathogenic haplotype with a D4Z4 repeat of 30 kb. The father carries the same allele, although is minimally affected. This unusual case expands the genotypic–phenotypic spectrum of FSHD. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Lowering blood alcohol content levels to save lives: The European experience
Authors: Albalate Daniel 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRoad safety is of increasing concern in developed countries because of the significant number of deaths and large economic losses. One tool commonly used by governments to deal with road accidents is the enactment of stricter policies and regulations. Drunk driving is one of the leading concerns in this field and several European countries have decided to lower their illegal Blood Alcohol Content levels to 0.5 mg/ml over the last decade. This study uses European panel‐based data (CARE) for the period 1991–2003 for the first time to evaluate the effectiveness of this transition by applying the differences‐in‐differences method in a fixed effects estimation that allows for any pattern of correlation (Cluster‐Robust). The results show positive policy impacts, particularly on certain groups of victims, such as young males in urban zones. However, there are reasons to expect a short lag in that effectiveness. © 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
MPP programs emerging around the world19
Authors: Geva‐May Iris , Nasi Greta , Turrini Alex , Scott Claudia 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper examines public policy and management programs in Canada, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, and makes comparisons with similar programs in the United States. Our study of public policy programs shows that there are many challenges ahead in terms of making good decisions on the form and content of programs that will add value to governments and citizens. Appropriate choices in terms of program design and pedagogy will reflect different economic, social, environmental, and cultural influences and will be shaped by history, values, and the roles of public policy and management professionals within a particular governmental context.
Erratum: Fluorescent gel particles in the nanometer range for detection of metabolites in living cells
Authors: Almdal Kristoffer , Sun Honghao , Poulsen Allan K. , Arleth Lise , Jakobsen Iver , Gu Hong , Scharff‐Poulsen Anne Marie 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn the article above published in Volume 17 of Polymers for Advanced Technologies, pages 790–793 (2006) and online in Wiley InterScience , (www.wileyinterscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/pat.786 the following changes should be recognised:On the second page of the paper, page 791, the sentence above figure 2 should have read ‘Since the headgroup areas of surfactants are a weak function of the condition under which they are used the function …’
World disparities in risk definition and management of retinoblastoma: A report from the International Retinoblastoma Staging Working Group
Authors: Chantada Guillermo L. , Doz François , Orjuela Manuela , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Sitorus Rita S. , Kepak Tomas , Furmanchuk Anna , Castellanos Mauricio , Sharma Tarun , Chevez‐Barrios Patricia , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos ,   on behalf of the International Retinoblastoma Staging Working Group
Published: December 2007

AbstractFollowing from the publication of the International Retinoblastoma Staging System, an open internet discussion group was created at the www.cure4kids.org resource. The results of a survey distributed among participants are discussed. Although most patients with retinoblastoma were treated under prospective protocols, there was a wide variation in the definition of risk criteria and in the criteria for giving adjuvant chemotherapy following enucleation. Definition of high‐risk histological features and the criteria for use of adjuvant therapy will be standardized in future studies. Internet meetings are a valuable mechanism for enabling participation from under‐resourced countries in the development of cooperative studies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:692–694. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of surface morphology on the interfacial adhesion and fracture behavior of vacuum infused carbon fiber reinforced polymeric repairs
Authors: Tzetzis D. , Hogg P.J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe current work is focused on the adhesion characteristics of vacuum infused repair patches on variously pretreated composite surfaces, given that the impregnation resin acts both as a consolidation agent of the reinforcement as well as a very thin bonding medium on a composite substrate. Initially, the pretreated surfaces, on which the repair patches were infused, were characterized with a number of surface analysis techniques such as X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser profilometry, dynamic contact angle and surface energy analysis. Double cantilever beam (DCB) repairs were then considered as the macroscopic method of assessment by infusing layers of carbon woven fabric onto the surface pretreated composite laminates. The behavior of the asymmetric DCB configuration was also studied by finite element modeling, for cohesive crack growth within the bondline, using the virtual crack extension (VCE) method. DCB testing results showed that the fracture resistance curves obtained from the repairs were lower than the numerical resistance curves. This was attributed to the preferential crack trajectory at the receptive infusion resin/pretreated composite interface. Correlation of the experimental fracture energies with the surface property data, revealed an explicit relationship between the surface roughness and the interfacial adhesion of the repair patches during crack initiation and propagation. The strain energy release rates of the DCB repairs were increased with increased surface roughness without dramatic change of the failure mode, as verified by the post‐failure examination of the fractured surfaces using scanning electron micrographs. POLYM. COMPOS., 29:92–108, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation of nanocomposites by melt compounding polylactic acid/polyamide 12/organoclay at different screw rotating speeds using a twin screw extruder
Authors: Hasook Aniwat , Muramatsu Hiroki , Tanoue Shuichi , Iemoto Yoshiyuki , Unryu Tsunemune 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis study analyzes the effect of different screw rotating speeds on the clay dispersion and mechanical properties of nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding polylactic acid (PLA) with an organoclay in a co‐rotating twin screw extruder. Polyamide 12 (PA12) was used as an additive. Two different screw rotating speeds, 65 rpm and 150 rpm, were used in this study. According to the tensile strength data, the Young's modulus of the PLA/clay nanocomposites showed improvement at a screw rotating speed of 150 rpm. The Young's modulus improved with the addition of the organoclay to PLA matrix, but decreased when PA12 was added to the PLA matrix. The tensile strengths and elongations become small by adding organoclay to PLA matrix. The tensile strengths of the PLA/organoclay nanocomposites increased for the higher screw rotating speed (150 rpm). The d‐spacing of PLA/PA12/Clay nanocomposites was independent of the addition of PA12. The size of the clay aggregates in the PLA/PA12/Clay nanocomposites is smaller than that of PLA/Clay. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the PLA/Clay nanocomposite increases with addition of PA12, while on the whole, it had little influence on the tensile properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 29:1–8, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Tensile properties of carbon filled liquid crystal polymer composites
Authors: Keith Jason M. , King Julia A. , Grant Peter W. , Cole Andrew J. , Klett Bryan M. , Miskioglu Ibrahim 
Published: December 2007

AbstractElectrically and thermally conductive resins can be produced by adding carbon fillers. Mechanical properties such as tensile modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and strain at ultimate tensile strength are vital to the composite performance in fuel cell bipolar plate applications. This research focused on performing compounding runs followed by injection molding and tensile testing of carbon filled Vectra A950RX liquid crystal polymer composites. The four carbon fillers investigated included an electrically conductive carbon black, thermocarb synthetic graphite particles, and two carbon fibers (Fortafil 243 and Panex 30). For each different filler type, resins were produced and tested that contained varying amounts of these single carbon fillers. The carbon fiber samples exhibited superior tensile properties, with a large increase in tensile modulus over the base polymer, and very low drop in the ultimate tensile strength as the filler volume fraction was increased. The strain at the ultimate tensile strength was least affected by the addition of the Panex carbon fiber but was significantly affected by the Fortafil carbon fiber. In general, composites containing synthetic graphite did not perform as well as carbon fiber composites. Carbon black composites exhibited poor tensile properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 29:15–21, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers