bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of macroporous carbonate apatite foam by hydrothermal conversion of α‐tricalcium phosphate in carbonate solutions
Authors: Wakae H. , Takeuchi A. , Udoh K. , Matsuya S. , Munar M. L. , LeGeros R.Z. , Nakasima A. , Ishikawa K. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBone consists of a mineral phase (carbonate apatite) and an organic phase (principally collagen). Cancellous bone is characterized by interconnecting porosity necessary for tissue ingrowth and nourishment of bone cells. The purpose of the present study was to fabricate macroporous carbonate apatite (CAP) blocks with interconnecting porosity as potential bone substitute biomaterials by hydrothermal conversion of α‐TCP foam in carbonate solution. The fabrication of the macroporous CAP was accomplished in two steps: (1) preparation of α‐TCP foams using polyurethane foams as templates, and (2) hydrothermal conversion at 200°C of α‐TCP foam in the presence of ammonium carbonate solutions of different concentrations. The maximum carbonate content of the resultant CAP foam was approximately 7.4 wt %. The mean porosity of the CAP foam was as high as 93 vol %. The macroporous CAP blocks or granules prepared in this manner has properties similar to that of bone in mineral composition and in having interconnecting macroporosity necessary for osteoconductivity and tissue ingrowth. On the basis of composition and interconnecting macroporosity, the CAP foam materials could be ideal biomaterials for bone repair and as scaffolds for tissue engineering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Structural stability and bioapplicability assessment of hyaluronic acid–chitosan polyelectrolyte multilayers on titanium substrates
Authors: Chua P. H. , Neoh K. G. , Shi Z. , Kang E. T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSince bacterial infections associated with implants remain a major cause of their failure, this study investigated the use of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) comprising hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan (CH) to confer antibacterial properties on titanium (Ti). HA and CH were deposited on Ti using the layer‐by‐layer deposition method. The antibacterial efficacy of the functionalized Ti substrates was assessed using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The number of adherent bacteria on Ti functionalized with HA and CH PEMs was up to an order of magnitude lower than that on the pristine Ti. The effects of chemical crosslinking of the PEMs on the structural stability and antibacterial efficacy were investigated. The chemical crosslinking of the PEMs imparts greater structural stability and preserves the antibacterial properties even after the prolonged immersion in phosphate‐buffered saline. The cytotoxicity of the PEMs to osteoblasts was evaluated using the MTT assay. The results showed that the biocompatible and long‐lasting antibacterial nature of the functionalized Ti substrates offers great potential for reducing implant‐associated infections. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Frequency and predictors of prescription‐related issues after hospital discharge
Authors: Kripalani Sunil , Price Megan , Vigil Victoria , Epstein Kenneth R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the period immediately following hospital discharge, patients often experience difficulty with medication management. The problems related to patients' handling of discharge prescriptions are not well characterized.METHODSWe conducted a large observational study of patients discharged from 170 community hospitals in 2005. By combining clinical, administrative, and call center data, we were able to examine independent predictors of prescription‐related issues in the 48–72 hours after hospital discharge. Issues included: not picking up prescribed discharge medications, not knowing if these medications had been picked up, not taking discharge medications, and not understanding how to take the medications.RESULTSMore than half (57.0%) of the 31,199 subjects in the study were women, and the mean age was 61.1 years. Overall, 7.2% of patients (n = 2253) reported prescription‐related issues, most often not filling discharge prescriptions. In multivariable analyses, prescription‐related issues were more common among adults age 35–49; women; patients with Medicare HMO coverage, Medicaid, or no insurance; adults with higher severity of illness ratings; and patients prescribed 6 or more medications or an inhaler. Predictors of fewer problems were being age 65 or older; having HMO or commercial insurance; being prescribed antibiotics, anticoagulants, or angiotensin II receptor blockers; and having a major diagnosis in the skin or musculoskeletal categories.CONCLUSIONSAbout 7% of patients reported prescription‐related issues within a few days of hospital discharge. High‐risk patients should be identified and offered additional assistance prior to discharge and receive a follow‐up phone call to assess if discharge prescriptions have been filled. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:12–19. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Mastery learning of thoracentesis skills by internal medicine residents using simulation technology and deliberate practice
Authors: Wayne Diane B. , Barsuk Jeffrey H. , O'Leary Kevin J. , Fudala Monica J. , McGaghie William C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDThoracentesis has been identified as a core competency for hospitalists. Residency training may not provide adequate preparation to perform this procedure.OBJECTIVEOur aim was to use a thoracentesis simulation to assess graduating residents' proficiency in thoracentesis procedural skills and to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on skill development to mastery standards.DESIGNThis was a pretest–posttest mastery learning design without a control group.SETTINGParticipants were 40 third‐year internal medicine residents in a university‐affiliated program.INTERVENTIONUsing an observational checklist, each resident underwent baseline assessment of thoracentesis skill using a standardized clinical history, radiograph, and thoracentesis simulation. After baseline testing, residents received two 2‐hour education sessions featuring a videotaped presentation and deliberate practice with the thoracentesis simulator.MEASUREMENTSResidents were retested after the intervention. Skill mastery was defined as meeting or exceeding the minimum passing score (MPS) set by an expert panel at thoracentesis posttest. Those who did not achieve the MPS had additional deliberate practice and were retested until the MPS was reached.RESULTSPerformance improved 71% from pretest to posttest on the clinical skills examination. All residents met or exceeded the mastery standard. The amount of practice time needed to reach the MPS was the only predictor (negative) of posttest performance. The education program was rated highly.CONCLUSIONSA curriculum featuring deliberate practice dramatically increased the skills of residents in thoracentesis. Residents enjoy training and receiving evaluation and feedback in a simulated clinical environment. This mastery program illustrates a feasible and reliable mechanism to achieve procedural competency. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:48–54. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Six Sigma engages physicians in achieving strategic performance improvement at OSF Saint Francis Medical Center
Authors: Thompson Jody , Miller Tim , Krantz Amy , Thomas Tom 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDriven largely by a desire to improve the safety and quality of its healthcare services, a large medical center has achieved dramatic and sustained improvement in core clinical processes, in part by getting residents and attending physicians involved in Six Sigma process improvement teams and change leadership. SFMC aligned the Six Sigma management system with its strategy and other performance improvement methods; implemented a 100‐day plan to launch the initiative; and built credibility through significant sustained improvements in nonclinical processes that mattered to physicians, before successfully extending the effort into the clinical and academic arenas to support evidence‐based care. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From vendor to partner: Why and how leading companies collaborate with suppliers for competitive advantage
Authors: Hughes Jonathan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDespite the emergence of supplier relationship management, many
types of barriers prevent companies from transforming traditional purchasing relationships with key suppliers into powerful collaborations that can produce substantial value for both parties. The secret of collaborative customer‐supplier relationships is not only what the parties do together but also what they believe about each other and how they interact. Using recent survey data, the author discusses the behaviors, perceptions, and practices that inhibit vendor‐customer collaboration; examines several successful partnerships involving leading companies; examines what constitutes a “good” business‐to‐business relationship; and recommends steps companies can take to begin to transform their key supplier relationships into real partnerships. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Executive derailment: Three cases in point and how to prevent it
Authors: Capretta Cara , Clark Lawrence P. , Dai Guangrong 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe high rate of executive derailment is cause for concern, especially as large numbers of less experienced individuals begin to move into executive roles vacated by retiring Baby Boomers. Research has identified the most prevalent causes of derailment, and company intervention—along with the individual's resolve to improve—can successfully put an otherwise talented executive or high potential back on track. The authors discuss the most common factors in the failure of CEOs, executives, and high potentials; examine three cases where companies implemented well‐designed plans to save a career in trouble; and provide recommendations to individuals and organizations alike for preventing promising careers from stalling out. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Auxetic properties and anisotropy of elastic material constants of 2D crystalline media
Authors: Jasiukiewicz Cz. , Paszkiewicz T. , Wolski S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAnisotropies of Young's modulus E, the shear modulus G, and Poisson's ratio ν of all 2D symmetry systems are studied. The shear modulus and the ratio ν /ε of 2D crystals have fourfold symmetry. Simple necessary and sufficient conditions on their elastic compliances are derived to identify if any of these crystals is completely auxetic, non‐auxetic or auxetic. Examples of all types of auxetic properties of crystals of oblique and rectangular symmetry are presented. Particular attention is paid to 2D crystals of quadratic symmetry. All mechanically stable quadratic crystals are characterized by three parameters belonging to a prism with the stability triangle in the base. Regions in the stability triangle in which quadratic materials are completely auxetic, non‐auxetic, and auxetic are established. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An experimental study of thermal post‐production processing of auxetic polypropylene fibres
Authors: Simkins V. R. , Ravirala N. , Davies P. J. , Alderson A. , Alderson K. L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFollowing the successful batch production of auxetic ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, polypropylene and nylon, in the form of 10 mm diameter cylinders, a continuous melt extrusion route was adapted from conventional melt extrusion routes to produce fibres. Previous studies have shown that, once drawing has occurred, the auxetic effect is lost and, consequently, the mechanical properties of these fibres have been restricting their otherwise great potential in a wide range of applications. Research has therefore been undertaken into improving this matter by subjecting the auxetic fibres to a range of different thermal post‐production processing conditions. The fibres then underwent mechanical testing, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Video Extensometry. Results suggest that annealing enhances the mechanical properties of these fibres and may provide a further route to enhancing auxeticity in improving homogeneity by over 40%. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ab initio study of the photochemistry of aminopyrimidine
Authors: Zechmann Gunther , Barbatti Mario 
Published: February 2008

AbstractComplete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF), multi‐reference configuration interaction calculations (MR‐CISD), and equation of motion coupled‐cluster with singles and doubles (EOM‐CCSD) calculations are presented in order to elucidate the photodeactivation pathways of 6‐aminopyrimidine after vertical excitation to the S1 1nπ* state. Vertical excitation energies are reported up to the S7 state. Two S1 excited state minima, both of 1nπ* character, and three strongly puckered 1ππ* minima on the crossing seam (MXS) between the S0 and the S1 potential energy surface were found. Nonadiabatic reaction paths are discussed by linearly interpolating between the two minima and all MXS, which explain and extend observations made in recent surface‐hopping dynamics CASSCF investigations [Barbatti and Lischka, J Phys Chem A 2007, 111, 2852]. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
50 Jahre Aluminiumbrücke über den Datteln‐Hamm‐Kanal
Authors: Mader Werner , Pieper August 
Published: February 2008

Abstract1956 wurde die erste Straßenbrücke aus Aluminium in Deutschland über den Datteln‐Hamm‐Kanal bei Lünen dem Verkehr übergeben. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Fachwerkkonstruktion aus Strangpressprofilen und Blechen aus der Legierung AlMgSi 1 (heute: EN AW‐6082). Die Schwansbellbrücke hat eine Stützweite von 44,20 m und ist bei einem Eigengewicht von 25 t für ein Fahrzeuggewicht von bis zu 12 t zugelassen. Der Entwurf einer vergleichbaren Stahlbrücke ergab ein Eigengewicht von 60 t. Damit lag die Gewichtseinsparung durch Aluminium bei 58%. Als Verbindungsmittel wurden fast ausschließlich Aluminiumniete ebenfalls aus dem Werkstoff AlMgSi 1 eingesetzt. Die Nietform wurde zuvor in Versuchen ermittelt und optimiert. Man hatte seinerzeit vor dem Einbau entschieden, die Schwansbellbrücke zunächst ohne eine Beschichtung zu belassen, um das Korrosionsverhalten des Aluminiums zu prüfen. Bis heute ist weder ein zusätzlicher Korrosionsschutz durch eine Beschichtung noch ist eine Instandsetzung aufgrund von Korrosion erforderlich gewesen. Das Ergebnis der regelmäßigen Brückenprüfungen unterstreicht den ausgezeichneten Zustand, was umso bemerkenswerter ist, da sich das Bauwerk im Ruhrgebiet befindet und über 50 Jahre der Industrieatmosphäre ausgesetzt ist. Sowohl die Kosten für einen Korrosionsschutz als auch für eine Instandsetzung aufgrund von Korrosion konnten während der gesamten Standzeit eingespart werden.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Synthesis of a Novel Protein‐Based Plastic Using Subcritical Water
Authors: Abdelmoez Wael , Yoshida Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe investigated the intermolecular mechanism and kinetics of the synthesis of a novel biodegradable protein‐based plastic from bovine serum albumin under subcritical water conditions using batch reactors. The reaction mechanism could be viewed as a chain reaction stabilized by the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds. The kinetic analysis was based on non‐steady‐state kinetics using a theoretical model developed in one of our previous works. The activation energy and pre‐exponential factor were found to be 7.2 kJ/mol and 0.9 s−1, respectively. These low values signify that the reaction is relatively temperature‐insensitive with some diffusion limitation.
Miocene isotope reference section, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 608: An evaluation of isotope and biostratigraphic resolution
Authors: Miller Kenneth G. , Feigenson Mark D. , Wright James D. , Clement Bradford M. 
Published: February 2008

We developed an isotope (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O) reference section for the uppermost Oligocene to lower upper Miocene (ca. 25–8 Ma) at Site 608 in the northeastern North Atlantic. This site contains the least ambiguous magnetostratigraphic record of Miocene polarity changes available, providing direct correlations to the Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS). We integrate biostratigraphic, magnetostratigraphic, Sr isotope, and stable isotope data to provide a reference section for Miocene isotope fluctuations. The direct correlation of isotopes and biostratigraphy to the Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS) provides relatively precise age estimates. We use these age estimates to evaluate the timing of first and last occurrences of planktonic foraminifera, and conclude that many of these are synchronous within a 0.5 m.y. resolution between subtropical Site 563 (33°N) and high‐latitude Site 608 (43°N). In addition, we use this chronology to estimate the ages of previously established Miocene oxygen isotope Zones Mi 1 through Mi 7 and to compare the Sr isotope record at Site 608 with previously published87Sr/86Sr records. We approximate latest Oligocene to early late Miocene (25–8 Ma) Sr isotope changes with two linear regressions. The rate of increase of87Sr/86Sr was high from the latest Oligocene (∼25 Ma) to earliest middle Miocene (∼15 Ma), with an estimated rate of 0.000059/m.y. Our ability to reproduce Sr isotope measurements is ±0.000030 or better, yielding a stratigraphic resolution of as good as ±0.5 m.y. for this interval. The rate of change was much lower from about 15 to 8 Ma (on average, 0.000013/m.y.), yielding Sr isotope stratigraphic resolution of worse than ±2.3 m.y. The causes of the late Eocene to Miocene87Sr/86Sr increases are not known. We speculate that a moderate87Sr/86Sr increase (0.000030/m.y) which occurred during the late Eocene‐latest Oligocene can be explained by intermittent glaciations and deglaciations of the Antarctic continent. These pulse‐like changes in the input of glacial weathering products yield what appears to be a monotonic, linear increase. The increase in the frequency of glaciations during the latest Oligocene‐early Miocene can explain the higher rate of change of87Sr/86Sr at this time. We speculate that by the middle Miocene, the development of a permanent east Antarctica ice sheet resulted in decreased input of glacial weathering products and a lower rate of87Sr/86Sr change.Appendix 1 is available with entire article on microfiche.Order from American Geophysical Union, 2000 FloridaAvenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009. Document P90‐001;$2.50. Payment must accompany order.
Changes in the Earth's rotation by tectonic movements
Authors: Vermeersen L. L. A. , Vlaar N. J. 
Published: February 2008

Present‐day true polar wander and the secular non‐tidal acceleration of the earth are usually attributed to post‐glacial rebound. In the models which relate this rebound to changes in rotation, the mantle is assumed to relax passively to the melted ice‐loads. The lithosphere is usually modeled as a highly viscous upper layer in these models, having viscosities which exceed mantle viscosities by several orders of magnitude.We propose that lithospheric processes unrelated to post‐glacial rebound and taking place under non‐isostatic conditions are also able to induce non‐negligible influences on the earth's rotation. Examples of such processes are mountain building and erosion, foundering flexure of oceanic basins and lithospheric snapbacking resulting from detachment of subducting slabs. Lithospheric and crustal rheologies and intraplate‐stresses are the dominant factors in these mechanisms, contrary to the mantle rheologies which are assumed to dominate the process of post‐glacial rebound.
Melting of iron‐magnesium‐silicate perovskite
Authors: Sweeney Jeffrey S. , Heinz Dion L. 
Published: February 2008

Iron‐magnesium‐silicate perovskite was melted in a laser‐heated diamond anvil cell and monitored by thermal analysis. Two signals were identified at each pressure: a lower temperature signal and a higher temperature signal.The lower signal may correspond to the temperature where iron diffuses rapidly. The higher signal would then correspond to melting of magnesium‐enriched silicate perovskite. Alternatively, the lower signal may be the solidus where (Fe.14Mg.86)SiO3 undergoes incongruent melting to an iron‐magnesium‐enriched solid plus a silica‐enriched liquid. Then, the higher signal would be the liquidus.The slope for the melting curve (the higher signal) between 30GPa and 94GPa is slightly negative. Fitting to a straight line gives a value for the slope of −2.5 ± 0.6K/GPa. At 30GPa, the lower signal is ≈300K below the melting curve. They converge slightly at higher pressures and differ by ≈140K at 94GPa. Our melting curve is several hundred degrees (K) below previous estimates.
Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition II: An overview
Authors: Anderson James G. , Toon Owen B. 
Published: February 2008

The sudden onset of ozone depletion in the antarctic vortex set a precedent for both the time scale and the severity of global change. The Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment (AAOE), staged from Punta Arenas, Chile, in 1987, established that CFCs, halons, and methyl bromide, the dominant sources of chlorine and bromine radicals in the stratosphere, control the rate of ozone destruction over the Antarctic; that the vortex is depleted in reactive nitrogen and water vapor; and that diabatic cooling during the Antarctic winter leads to subsidence within the vortex core, importing air from higher altitudes and lower latitudes. This last conclusion is based on observed dramatic distortion in the tracer fields, most notably N2O.In 1989, the first Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (AASE‐I), staged from Stavanger, Norway, and using the same aircraft employed for AAOE (the NASA ER‐2 and the NASA DC‐8), discovered that while NOx and to some degree NOy were perturbed within the arctic vortex, there was little evidence for desiccation. Under these (in contrast to the antarctic) marginally perturbed conditions, however, ClO was found to be dramatically enhanced such that a large fraction of the available (inorganic) chlorine resided in the form of ClO and its dimer ClOOCl.This leaves two abiding issues for the northern hemisphere and the mission of the second Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (AASE‐II): (1) Will significant ozone erosion occur within the arctic vortex in the next ten years as chlorine loading in the stratosphere exceeds four parts per billion by volume? (2) Which mechanisms are responsible for the observed ozone erosion poleward of 30°N in the winter/spring northern hemisphere reported in satellite observations?