bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible Cross Linking in Oil Recovery
Authors: Friedman R.H. 
Published: December 2007

This paper was prepared for the Oilfield Chemistry Symposium of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Denver, Colo., May 24–25, 1973. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon requested to the Editor of the appropriate journal, provided agreement to give proper credit is made. provided agreement to give proper credit is made. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussions may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines.

Abstract
Construction of an oleotropic, or oil seeking, post primary fluid is described. Multiple viscosity levels are possible for a polymer solution depending upon the degree of crosslinking of the polymer. Cross-linking is dependent upon the presence of a highly oil-soluble, barely water-soluble "trigger." Extraction of the "trigger" at the oil-water interface effects viscosity reversal.

Introduction
Two limitations have generally limited the use of fluids designed to effect the post primary recovery of oil. one of these is economic, the other technical. then the product to be recovered can be sold for very low price, the product injected to price, the product injected to replace it must be purchased for markedly less. This constraint has all too frequently been ignored.
Techniques for recovering oil, for example, miscible displacement and surfactant recovery methods, have been mainly concerned with reducing oil saturation in the regions of the reservoir traversed by the injected fluid. Most petroleum engineers would agree that at the termination of a water flood, most of the oil remaining in the reservoir is in those portions of the formation not traversed by water. The primary function of a post primary recovery fluid ought to be the complete traverse of the entire oil-bearing region. Reduction of oil saturation within that region must be considered a secondary objective.

SYSTEM DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
The goal of the research effort to be described was the creation of a self-conforming post primary fluid which was to cost not more than 25 cents per barrel. The fluid was planned to per barrel. The fluid was planned to demonstrate a variable tendency to flow in different portions of the formation.
Electrical Logging Responses Explained By Conventional Core Data
Authors: Anderson J.C. 
Published: December 2007

Anderson, J.C., Pan American Petroleum Corporation, Lake Charles, La. Junior Member AIME
Publication Rights Reserved
Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines with the paper.

Abstract
The importance of open hole electrical well logs and their proper interpretation cannot be over-emphasized. A great number of the decisions made in drilling, development, and production operations are made on the strength of what electrical well logs tell us of subsurface conditions. Thereby log interpretation work can have a very real effect on the economics of a given venture. Thus it is unfortunate that many times log responses suggestive of non-productivity or low productivity can be recorded in reservoirs capable of hydrocarbon production at high capacity.
In 1960 an extensive three well conventional coring program was undertaken by Pan American Petroleum Corporation in the Bastian Bay Field of Plaquemines Parish in South Louisiana. The purpose of this program was to obtain reservoir data for use in gas reserve estimation. Over two thousand feet of conventional core was obtained from the Upper Miocene gas reservoirs found at Bastian Bay. The volume of porosity, permeability, capillary pressure and descriptive data available from this program is seldom available in the Gulf Coast area and therefore it provided an excellent opportunity to study the various logging responses experienced. A preliminary comparison of the core date with the Induction-Electrical logs and Micrologs obtained has been made and the results are presented herein. The study shows that log responses most often associated with reservoirs which are non-productive of hydrocarbons or that are of low productivity, can be recorded in reservoirs which are productive of hydrocarbons with high productivity.
Bidding and Production Relationships for Federal OCS Leases: Statistical Studies of Wildcat Leases, Gulf of Mexico, 1962, and Prior Sales
Authors: Lohrenz John , Oden Hillary A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The relationships between bids received on wildcat leases issued on federal OCS lands in the Gulf of Mexico from 1954 through 1962 and subsequent drilling on, production from, and relinquishment of these leases were studied. The results provided quantitative answers to questions regarding bidding as prescribed by current laws and regulations. Perhaps the most notable result is the finding that, while leases receiving the most and highest bids tend, on the average, to produce more revenue, such leases tend to produce less revenue per dollar of bonus spent on the lease.

Introduction
The laws and regulations pertaining to the issuance of federal leases on the outer continental shelf (OCS) using a sealed-bonus bidding system are under continual scrutiny by many segments of the government, business and industry, and the public as individuals interest groups. Many questions are ask about the relationships between what is bid for a lease and what happens subsequently on the lease. Is it drilled? Is it productive? If so, how much and when?
During 1972, over $2 billion were spent in buying OCS leases; over $7 billion were offered in the bidding process. Even if there were no cogent energy-supply issues, the money involved makes the questions-cogent and timely.
These questions are the impetus for studies to analyze the relationships between bids on leases and their subsequent drilling, production and relinquishment. production and relinquishment. The results reported are for the 788 wildcat federal leases issued on the OCS offshore Texas and Louisiana between 1954 and 1962. Thus every lease included had a history of more than 8 years through 1970. All bids, the annual production, the annual revenue data and, if production, the annual revenue data and, if relinquished, the year of relinquishment for each of the 788 leases through 1970 were included in a computerized data base for these studies.
The 788 leases were divided into three groups by date of sale as follows:the 230 leases issued as a result of the Oct. 13, 1954, Nov. 9, 1954, and July 12, 1955 sales,the 147 leases issued as a result of the Feb. 24, 1960, sale andthe 411 leases issued as a result of the March 13, 1962, and March 16, 1962, sales.
For these studies, a lease was considered relinquished only if it was wholly relinquished.
Progress Report On Acoustic Amplitude Logging For Formation Evaluation
Authors: Walker Terry 
Published: December 2007

Publication Rights Reserved
This paper is to be presented at the 37th Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME in Los Angeles, California, October 7–10, 1962, and is considered the property of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. Permission to publish is hereby restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words, with no illustrations unless the paper is specifically released to the press by the Society Publications Committee Chairman or the Executive Secretary on his behalf. Such abstract should contain appropriate, conspicuous acknowledgment. Publication elsewhere after publication in Journal of Petroleum Technology is granted on request, providing proper credit is given that publication and the original presentation of the paper.
Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office; it will be presented at the above meeting with the paper and considered for publication in Journal of Petroleum Technology.

Abstract
Examples of acoustic amplitude logs have shown the application in obtaining more efficient well completions by locating any natural fracturing and confining any necessary well treatment to that interval. Since early 1961 logs have been run in practically all areas and all types of formations. Investigation into the theory of acoustic transmission of all arrivals through various formations indicate the possibility of a usable correlation of signal amplitude with matrix permeability. Although only a limited amount of field data is available at present, indications are that a usable matrix permeability anomaly does exist.
The matrix permeability effect and other possible useful information from the acoustic signal are being studied by different recordings of the full receiver signal preferably on cored wells to allow determination of the most useful information and the best means for recording.

Introduction
In early 1961 the Fracture Finder was introduced commercially to the industry, making use of the acoustic transmission of the formation to locate optimum completion intervals. As described in a previous paper the signal amplitude is reduced because of the large reflection of energy at density interfaces resulting from naturally existing formation fractures. Test well data was shown where the signal was reduced 23 per cent by a horizontal interface between machined limestone blocks. Although it is probable that this reduction will depend upon the fracture width and area of bearing surfaces across the fracture, the degree of reduction can be used as an indication of the extent of fracturing.
This log has since been run in practically all areas and has materially aided in selecting optimum completion intervals. In a number of formations the interval to be perforated can be reduced and any required treatment confined to that interval most susceptible to such well treatment.
A Technique For Assessing And Improving The Quality Of Reservoir Parameter Estimates Used In Numerical Simulators
Authors: Breit V.S. , Bishop K.A. , Green D.W. , Trompeter E.E. 
Published: December 2007

This paper was prepared for the 48th Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Las Vegas, Nev., Sept. 30-Oct. 3, 1973. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgement of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal provided agreement to give proper credit is made.
Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines.

Abstract
The sophistication of the current applications of numerical reservoir simulators places great emphasis on the quality of the parameters used therein. The accuracy of parameters, which are often determined by history matching procedures, significantly affects the extent of the applications of a simulator. This paper applies certain useful concepts of sensitivity analysis from formal optimization theory to the assessment of the quality of the estimates of reservoir parameters used in reservoir simulators.
The assessment is accomplished by determining the sensitivity of an objective function this case the time integral of the squared error in simulator performance) to the value of reservoir parameters performance) to the value of reservoir parameters used in the simulator. The determination employs a truncated Taylor series expansion of the objective function about a point specified by the current estimate of the reservoir parameters. The partial derivative terms of the expansion are calculated from the finite difference approximation to the differential equations used in the simulator, differentiated with respect to the current estimate of the reservoir parameters. The calculation of the terms in the expansion leads to a complete accounting of all the sources of error in the simulator's performance provided that the true reservoir performance provided that the true reservoir parameters are known. In practice, where the true parameters are known. In practice, where the true values of parameters are not known, the technique can be used in two ways:To provide a complete accounting of the effect of small parameter perturbation.To generate improved estimates of the true parameter values.
The method is applied to two reservoir simulators:a radial, slightly compressible single-phase model, anda dimensional slightly compressible, single-phase model.
In each case, the model is used to obtain a better estimate of reservoir parameters and a spatial distribution of the sources of the error in performance prediction. performance prediction.
Experience with Production Systems Analyses
Authors: O&apos;Reilly W.M. , Clement J.P. 
Published: December 2007

This paper was prepared for the 48th Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Las Vegas, Nev., Sept. 30-Oct. 3, 1973. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal provided agreement to give proper credit is made.
Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines.

Abstract
Production systems analyses are specialized tools to identify potential conditions which could cause unsafe operating conditions or damage the environment. Individual techniques range from a relatively simple identification of vulnerable points (qualitative technique) to a fairly sophisticated evaluation (quantitative technique) requiring failure rate data on each component. This paper reviews Exxon's experience in using qualitative techniques on 6 production facilities and a quantitative production facilities and a quantitative technique on 4 facilities. Our experience indicates that qualitative-type techniques are more applicable than quantitative-type techniques for petroleum production systems.

Introduction
Following the Santa Barbara oil spill in 1969, increasing public concern about environmental protection encouraged governmental agencies to intensify efforts to reduce the possibility of pollution from oil spills. Rigorous testing and reporting schedules for key equipment components were initiated. Other formalized reports are also required to insure that well-designed facilities are diligently operated for safety and to prevent environmental damage. These prevent environmental damage. These reports carry a variety of names such as Environmental Impact Statement, Systems Analysis, and Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures Plan. By whatever name, the objective of the work is to identify conditions that could result in problems and to consider measures to problems and to consider measures to prevent these conditions from developing prevent these conditions from developing The USGS in the fall of 1971 contracted a NASA team to perform a feasibility study to determine if NASA-developed procedures for quality control and hazard analysis would be applicable in oil and gas offshore operations. This aerospace group brought with them some terminology, such as "Hazard Analysis" which is not publicly well understood. In a recent publicly well understood. In a recent report the USGS designated this work activity "Systems Analysis" which we concur is more descriptive of the reliability studies which have been made in production operations.
Bit Performance
Authors: Vitter A.L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Models for Bearing Wear, Teeth Wear and Penetration Rate of bits have been developed Penetration Rate of bits have been developed which give reasonably good correlations on Louisiana Gulf Coast and Offshore data sets.
In addition to the usual significant variables reported in the literature, bit hydraulic horsepower and bit mechanical horsepower have both been found to be significant variables not only in the Penetration Rate models but also in the Penetration Rate models but also in the Bearing Wear and Teeth Wear models.
A Torque Oscillation Meter (TOM) has been developed and three prototypes have been successfully used for the last two years in the real time monitoring of bit condition and other downhole conditions to obtain maximum economic bit life, and further enhance bit performance. performance

Introduction
The need to incorporate bit performance into optimum well planning has grown in importance as the industry has ventured into more expensive areas. The environmental effect of mud systems on bit performance has been difficult to appraise but the advent of the sealed bearing bit has greatly reduced the mud system as a significant variable except for its weight and viscosity effects, which are more readily characterized and accounted for.

BIT BANK
In order to efficiently gather, correlate and use bit performance a data bank was initiated in September, 1972. About 100 bits per month are deposited in this data bank and this paper reports on the first 9 months of operation. Utilization of the data bank in predicting bit performance for optimum well planning is just performance for optimum well planning is just commencing. Six data sets have enough bits to report on preliminary correlation results.
Deposits, retrievals and correlations are done from each of three Louisiana operating offices, although at this early stage of exploratory model building on bit performance, the correlation work has been largely done in New Orleans. The bank is resident in San Francisco and readily accessible from all four locations.
A continuing effort is being made to obtain reliable data. Bit grading needs to be done consistently according to prescribed procedures. Bearing grading is the most difficult of the gradings. At the suggestion of one of the major bit manufacturers a quantitative measure of bearing wear is accomplished with a jig and dial micrometer to measure the lateral movement of the bit cone as it is rocked back and forth on its shank. These are standard machine shop items that are readily available with a magnetic clamp to hold it firmly on the bit leg with the loosest cone. They are kept aboard the rig to grade the bit as soon as it is pulled from the hole.
From Chaos To Conformity
Authors: Porter Al. 
Published: December 2007

A history of the petroleum industry in the United States might be called "From Chaos to Conformity," and by history I mean past, present and future. We who are connected in anyway with this industry or with the conservation of oil and natural gas must readily admit that, although much progress has been made toward maturity, we still exhibit an adeptness at fumbling the ball. An objective examination of our century of existence made in sober reflection, brings to light of flashing brilliance and even statemanship. It also uncovers substantial periods.
The industry has had to overcome many obstacles, not all of which were self made, (and I hope we can take a little comfort from that fact). May be it is possible to excuse some of our early practices when we think of them in the light of contemporary thinking. One of Col. Drake's favorite stories was about the local minister who met him on the streets of Titusville and severely reprimanded him for taking oil from the ground on the theory that it was placed there by our Creator to supply fuel for the fires of hell, and that by taking it from the ground he was thwarting the will of the Almighty and allowing sinners to go unpunished.
Creative Task Force Attack on Profit Loss Due to Formation Damage
Authors: Allen T.O. 
Published: December 2007

This paper was prepared for the 48th Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Las Vegas, Nev., Sept. 30-Oct. 3, 1973. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal provided agreement to give proper credit is made.
Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines.

Abstract
Many currently accepted drilling and producing practices cause appreciable formation damage. Major changes in field operations are required to prevent or alleviate this damage.
In planning a coordinated attack on formation damage, the Creative Task Force offers a proved approach to bring about desired results. Case histories of major task force projects relating to formation damage are presented. presented. Because of the potential economic impact on the oil and gas business, an all out attack on formation damage should be solidly supported by Management of the various oil and gas producers, service companies, drilling producers, service companies, drilling contractors, and workover contractors on a worldwide basis.

Introduction
Formation damage causes significant loss of both short and long term profits in the Petroleum Industry, and probable loss of millions of barrels of recoverable oil and billions of cubic feet of gas.
Many currently accepted drilling and producing practices introduced during the era of abundant reserves and excess producing capacity in the U.S. cause appreciable formation damage. major changes in field practices are required to prevent or alleviate this damage. Needed changes have probably been delayed for some 25 years because of poor producing economics related in a large degree to low prices for oil and gas. However, there also appears to be the lack of appreciation of the magnitude and widespread extent of the damage problem.