bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study of libraries and their managers: Management education for leaders of non‐traditional businesses
Authors: Mackenzie Maureen L. , Smith James P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWhere do library directors, and the librarians who perform various management functions as part of their work, receive their management training? A review of the curricula of 48 library school programs accredited by the American Library Association revealed that, for the most part, library managers need to be trained on the job. This paper presents the results of an exploratory study focused on the research question: Do ALA accredited library education programs properly prepare library students to enter management level positions within the library profession? Of the programs reviewed, 43.8% did not require a management‐related course within its degree requirements. And 81.3% of the programs did not require an internship. A review of program syllabi revealed that only 58.3% of the management courses included human resource management and only 54.2% included strategy, planning and process. The results offered evidence that the library profession has not yet agreed upon the requirements for preparing future librarians for managerial positions. It is suggested that the accreditation requirements be revised in order to better prepare library school students for the role of manager
A standard‐based context sensitive service architecture for digital object dissemination
Authors: Xie Zhiwu , Van de Sompel Herbert , van Reenen Johann , Jordán Ramiro 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a context sensitive service architecture for digital object dissemination based on OpenURL and MPEG‐21 Digital Item Adaptation (DIA). This architecture entails representing service requests using the OpenURL ContextObjects and conveying the ContextObject Representations with the OpenURL Transport. The rich expressiveness of the Usage Environment Description (UED) tool defined in the MPEG‐21 DIA standard can then be incorporated into the OpenURL ContextObject by means of OpenURL extensibility mechanism, and the MPEG‐21 DIA adaptation engine can be used to construct highly customizable and adaptive context sensitive dissemination services for institutional repositories.
Spatial analysis of the Federal‐State Cooperative System's public library statistics
Authors: Bishop Bradley Wade 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe Federal‐State Cooperative System (FSCS), a program of the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), collects data from over 9,000 public library systems in the United States. This research is an attempt to perform spatial analysis and visually display the data using a geographic information system. To do this, the NCES data has to be joined with GeoLib's spatial data of library outlets' geographic coordinates. The researcher also joined this combined dataset to 2000 Census shapefiles for demographics of the states studied. The study produced several national maps of some library statistics, e.g. total circulation. In addition, block group level maps were produced for some states to display spatial trends within those states. Spatial trends appear with some of the variables and further research can explore the causation behind these correlations.
Librarians's reflective practice in electronic reserves: An exploration of sources of copyright knowledge and professional development
Authors: Polparsi Jomkwan 
Published: February 2009

Abstracthe research question of this study was what formal and informal sources librarians use in dealing with electronic reserves and in developing their copyright knowledge. The exploration of the sources of copyright knowledge was expected to drive issues and challenges in library practice to emerge, and to influence the design of further in‐depth study. The study employs a qualitative, naturalistic data collection methodology and an inductive data analysis methodology. The study applies Schon's reflection theory as a sensitizing theoretical framework to help understand the processes of librarians' decision about electronic reserves. To date, three librarians have been interviewed. In interviews, librarians thought aloud critical incidents of electronic reserves requests and the sources of copyright knowledge they use. Qualitative analysis was carried out through in‐depth analysis of interview transcripts and follow‐up interviews for clarification and confirmations of the findings. The analysis aimed at formal and informal sources that librarians use and on evidence of reflection‐on‐action. The findings point to both formal and informal sources, and suggest that the sources represent social and institutional cues that undermine practice and decision making. Issues emerged are that librarians and stakeholders debate over copyright fair use guidelines and standards in electronic reserves, and over different meanings of fair use. To better understand library practice, it is important to explore social and institutional cues embedded in the real world.
An examination of multi‐session web tasks
Authors: MacKay Bonnie , Watters Carolyn 
Published: February 2009

AbstractUsers are now performing more sophisticated web tasks. In this poster, we explore web tasks that require multiple web sessions to satisfy a goal. We have explored this topic through a web‐based diary study and a field study using Firefox customized with logging capabilities. We examined the frequency of multi‐session tasks and the range of browser tools that are utilized to complete these tasks.
International students' information needs and use of technology
Authors: Mehra Bharat , Bilal Dania 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a pilot study that assessed the information seeking behaviors and priority information needs of international students and barriers they face in using various information and communication technologies (i.e., Web search engines and the Internet, library resource technologies, and online databases) for academic work. Results from this study provide understanding of the critical cultural clues associated with international students' information seeking and information needs. They also have implications for overcoming system design barriers for users from different cultural backgrounds to effectively interact with various technologies and for providing user‐centered services that are supportive of their information needs.
Uses of figures and tables from scholarly journal articles in teaching and research
Authors: Sandusky Robert J. , Tenopir Carol , Casado Margaret M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper describes how scientists utilize specific journal article components, the tables, figures, maps, photographs, and graphs contained in journal articles, to support both their teaching and research. These findings are taken from a comprehensive investigation into scientists' satisfaction with and use of a prototype retrieval system that indexes tables and figures culled from scientific journal articles. Rather than focusing on seeking and searching, this paper summarizes four ways in which scientists utilize the information they find in tables and figures obtained from journal articles. While the first type of use described here, creating new fixed documents, confirms the findings of previous research, the other three types of use reveal emerging practices with journal article components: creating documents to support performative activities; making comparisons between a scientist's own work and the work of other researchers; and creating other information forms and objects.
Searching for books and images in OPAC: Effects of LCSH, TOC and subject domains
Authors: Choi Youngok , Hsieh‐Yee Ingrid , Kules Bill 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe enhanced subject representation improves the performance in retrieving relevant records via keyword searching in conjunction with subject headings (controlled vocabulary). The effectiveness of two types of subject representation‐TOC (notes) and LCSH‐ in subject search for books and images was investigated within an OPAC system. Our poster will report findings regarding user queries and retrieval effectiveness of keyword searching via two different modes. The findings have implications for subject access point enhancement on bibliographic records.
Differences in excitability properties of FDI and ADM motor axons
Authors: Bae Jong Seok , Sawai Setsu , Misawa Sonoko , Kanai Kazuaki , Isose Sagiri , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles are innervated by the same ulnar nerve, but studies have shown that the former is much more severely affected in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this study, threshold tracking was used to investigate whether membrane properties differ between FDI and ADM motor axons. In 12 normal subjects, compound muscle action potentials were recorded from FDI and ADM after ulnar nerve stimulation at the wrist. The strength–duration time constant was significantly longer in the FDI axons than in the ADM axons, and latent addition studies showed greater threshold changes at the conditioning–test stimulus of 0.2 ms in FDI than in ADM axons. These findings suggest that nodal persistent sodium conductances are more prominent in FDI axons than in ADM axons, and therefore excitability is physiologically higher in FDI axons. Even in the same nerve at the same sites, membrane properties of FDI and ADM motor axons differ significantly, and thus their axonal/neuronal responses to disease may also differ. Muscle Nerve 39: 350–354, 2009
Stratifying disease stages with different progression rates determined by electrophysiological tests in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Xuan , Zhang Jun , Zheng Ju‐Yang , Zhang Shuo , Xu Ying‐Sheng , Kang De‐Xuan , Fan Dong‐Sheng 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBy determining the usefulness of motor unit number estimate (MUNE) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we tried to find an effective way to stratify the disease stages. In all, 112 consecutive ALS patients were enrolled, among whom 73 were elicited in a longitudinal study. MUNE by the standard incremental technique, the average CMAP amplitude, total Medical Research Council (MRC) score, ALS‐functional rating score (ALS‐FRS), Appel ALS rating scale (AARS), and forced vital capacity (FVC) were performed at baseline and months 3, 6, and 12 after study entry. We found MUNE correlated with CMAP amplitude (P < 0.01) as well as MRC score (P < 0.01) in regionally concordant distal muscles. Both MUNE and CMAP amplitude correlated significantly with ALS‐FRS (P < 0.05) and AARS (P < 0.01). A MUNE decrease was observed at months 3, 6, and 12 compared with baseline, and the rate of change at month 3 was 50.47%. The decrease in MUNE over the first 3 months was significantly greater than other measurements. We arbitrarily divided the patients into three stages: (1) rapid progression: the rate of change of MUNE and CMAP amplitude during the first 3 months exceeded 50%; (2) moderate progression: the rate of change of MUNE was greater than 50% but CMAP amplitude was less than 50%; (3) slow progression: the rate of change of both MUNE and CMAP amplitude were less than 50%. Comparing the rate of ALS‐FRS descent per year using one‐way ANOVA showed a significant difference among the three groups (P < 0.01). Muscle Nerve 39: 304–309, 2009
Myotonic dystrophy type 2 with focal asymmetric muscle weakness and no electrical myotonia
Authors: Milone Margherita , Batish Sat D. , Daube Jasper R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGenetically proven myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) was found in a 61‐year‐old woman with creatine kinase (CK) elevation and only isolated weakness of one triceps. There was no clinical or electrical myotonia. Electromyography (EMG) showed only scattered fibrillation potentials and short duration motor unit potentials. Muscle biopsy showed nonspecific myopathic features and highly atrophic fibers with nuclear clumps. DM2 should be considered in patients with focal proximal weakness and abnormal EMG without myotonic discharges. Muscle Nerve 39: 383–385, 2009
Atypical presentation of VLCAD deficiency associated with a novel ACADVL splicing mutation
Authors: Shchelochkov Oleg , Wong Lee‐Jun , Shaibani Aziz , Shinawi Marwan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractVery long chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized by impaired mitochondrial β‐oxidation of fatty acids with a chain length between 14 and 18 carbons. While expansion of newborn screening has improved our ability to detect VLCAD deficiency in early childhood, the late‐onset form of the disease still presents a significant diagnostic challenge. We report a 20‐year‐old female with VLCAD deficiency who first presented in infancy with hypoketotic hypoglycemia. In childhood the patient developed complex partial seizures that were aggravated by Lamotrigine treatment. The clinical course in early adulthood was complicated by recurrent, often unprovoked, episodes of rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. In addition, she suffered from chronic myalgia, muscle weakness, and diffuse abdominal tenderness. A muscle biopsy revealed accumulation of fat droplets. Her acylcarnitine profile showed significantly elevated C14, C14:1, C16, and C18‐carnitines. Sequence analysis of ACADVL revealed a heterozygous recurrent mutation c.848T>C (p.V283A) and a heterozygous novel splice mutation c.879‐8T>A that results in the inclusion of six nucleotides from intron 9 into the transcript sequence. The molecular characterization of this novel mutation and its correlation with the clinical phenotype are discussed. Muscle Nerve 39: 374–382, 2009
Electrical stimulation cramp threshold frequency correlates well with the occurrence of skeletal muscle cramps
Authors: Miller Kevin C. , Knight Kenneth L. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe minimum electrical stimulation frequency (HZ) at which a muscle cramps is termed threshold frequency (TF). TF is theorized to represent one's predisposition to cramping; however, TF and cramp occurrence have never been correlated. We hypothesized that TF would be lower in individuals with a cramp history and lower on the second of two days of testing; genetics may partially explain this lower TF. Cramp TF was measured in 19 subjects with (Group 1), and 12 subjects without (Group 2), a cramp history. Group 1 had a lower TF (14.9 ± 1.3 vs. 25.5 ± 1.6 HZ; P < 0.001) and a higher family history of cramping than Group 2 (89% vs. 27%; P < 0.001). TF was lower on day 2 (18.3 ± 0.26 HZ) than day 1 (19.7 ± 0.25 HZ; P = 0.03). Lower TFs are correlated with cramp history, supporting the inference that lower TFs may represent increased predisposition toward cramping. TF may be used to identify individuals at risk of cramping. Muscle Nerve 39: 364–368, 2009
Modafinil treatment of fatigue in patients with ALS: A placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Rabkin Judith G. , Gordon Paul H. , McElhiney Martin , Rabkin Richard , Chew Sheena , Mitsumoto Hiroshi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOur objective was to determine whether modafinil alleviates fatigue in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A placebo controlled trial with a 3:1 modafinil:placebo randomization in doses up to 300 mg/day for 4 weeks was followed by 8 weeks of open maintenance treatment. The primary endpoint was the Clinical Global Impressions‐Improvement Scale. Secondary endpoints were the Fatigue Severity Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Role Function Scale, and visual analog scales. Analysis of covariance was used to assess change at Week 4. Thirty‐two patients were randomized; 29 completed the 4‐week trial. In intention to treat (ITT) analysis, the response was 76% for modafinil versus 14% for placebo. In a completer analysis, the modafinil response rate was 86%, and the placebo response rate remained 14%. The number needed to treat was 1.6 (ITT). No medically serious adverse events were reported. Modafinil may be a promising intervention for fatigue in ALS patients. Replication in a larger study is needed. Muscle Nerve 39: 297–303, 2009
High‐resolution sonography of the superficial radial nerve with two case reports
Authors: Visser Leo H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to find out whether high‐resolution sonography can be used to examine the superficial radial nerve. The sonographic appearance of the superficial radial nerve was assessed in 20 control subjects and the cross‐sectional area could be measured in all subjects. The mean cross‐sectional area of the superficial radial nerve in the control subjects was 2 mm2 (SD 0.5 mm2, range 1–3 mm2). Moreover, two patients with a superficial radial neuropathy and abnormal high‐resolution sonography are reported. One patient had an enlarged nerve after trauma, which was probably a neuroma. The other patient had a histologically proven Schwannoma of the superficial radial nerve. The superficial radial nerve, although small in size, can be visualized by high‐resolution sonography using specific landmarks. High‐resolution sonography can be useful to assess the underlying cause of superficial radial nerve pathology. Muscle Nerve 39: 392–395, 2009
Pancreatitis as an unusual presentation of rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: De Pasquale Maria Debora , De Ioris Maria Antonietta , Serra Annalisa , Pessolano Rosanna , Donfrancesco Alberto , De Sio Luigi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe most common etiologies of acute pancreatitis in children are trauma, multi‐system disease, drugs, infections, idiopathic and congenital anomalies of the pancreaticobiliary system. Acute pancreatitis is rarely associated with underlying childhood malignancies. We report a 12‐year‐old male with acute pancreatitis as the presenting symptom of an alveolar metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:879–880. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bortezomib reverses a post‐translational mechanism of tumorigenesis for patched1 haploinsufficiency in medulloblastoma
Authors: Taniguchi Eri , Cho Min Jung , Arenkiel Benjamin R. , Hansen Mark S. , Rivera Omar J. , McCleish Amanda T. , Qualman Stephen J. , Guttridge Denis C. , Scott Matthew P. , Capecchi Mario R. , Keller Charles 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundTumor initiation has been attributed to haploinsufficiency at a single locus for a large number of cancers. Patched1 (Ptc1) was one of the first such loci, and Ptc1 haploinsufficiency has been asserted to lead to medulloblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma in mice.ProcedureTo study the role of Ptc1 in cerebellar tumor development and to create a preclinical therapeutic platform, we have generated a conditional Ptc1 haploinsufficiency model of medulloblastoma by inactivating Ptc1 in Pax7‐expressing cells of the cerebellum.ResultsThese mice developed exclusively medulloblastoma. We show that despite the presence of transcription of Ptc1, Ptc1 protein is nearly undetectable or absent in tumors. Our results suggest that Ptc1 loss of function is complete, but achieved at the protein level rather than by the classic genetic two‐hit mechanism or a strict half‐dosage genetic haploinsufficiency mechanism. Furthermore, we found that bortezomib, a 26S proteasome inhibitor, had a significant anti‐tumor activity in vitro and in vivo, which was accompanied by restoration of Ptc1 protein and downregulation of the hedgehog signaling pathway. The same effect was seen for both human and mouse medulloblastoma tumor cell growth.ConclusionsThese results suggest that proteasome inhibition is a potential new therapeutic approach in medulloblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:136–144. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Causes and management of torsades de pointes
Authors: Khatimi Adil , Thomas Simon 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOur series on serious ADRs focusses on rare but potentially fatal drug reactions and how to recognise and avoid them. This article considers the risks associated with torsades de pointes and the precautions that can be taken when prescribing QT‐prolonging drugs. Copyright © 2006 Wiley Interface Ltd
Splitting a large software repository for easing future software evolution—an industrial experience report
Authors: Glorie Marco , Zaidman Andy , van Deursen Arie , Hofland Lennart 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPhilips Medical Systems produces medical diagnostic imaging products, such as magnetic resonance, X‐ray and computed tomography systems. The software of these devices is complex, has been evolving for several decades and is currently a multi‐MLOC monolithic software repository. In this paper we report on splitting a single software repository into multiple smaller repositories so that these can be developed independently, easing the software's evolution. For splitting the single software repository, we set up two experiments that involve well‐known analysis techniques, namely formal concept analysis and clustering. Because of the sheer size of the monolithic software repository, we also propose to use a ‘leveled approach’, which implies that the analysis technique is applied in several iterations, whereby in some iterations only part of the application is subjected to the analysis technique. Unfortunately, both analysis techniques failed to produce an acceptable partitioning of the monolithic software repository, even if they are combined with our newly proposed leveled approach. We provide a number of valuable lessons learned, which might prevent others from falling into the same pitfalls. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Material flow and circular economy
Authors: Chen Jian Zhong 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAt present, the economy is increasingly internationally interconnected. Economic globalization requires systems approaches to promote sustainable economic development. The theory of material flow (MF) is one of the new theories that could positively contribute to the economic globalization. The theory of MF is also closely related to the concept of circular economy, as the pattern of material flow can be considered as a closed feedback process for circulatory purpose that is consisted of ‘resources‐production‐material flow‐consumption‐recycled resources’. It corresponds to the circular economy's development pattern of ‘resources‐products‐recycled resources’. In view of the pattern of material flow and its relevance to the circular economy, it is concluded that the theory of MF will contribute to the recirculation of natural resources, optimal utilization of resources, improving natural environment and especially the sustainable global economic development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Properties of Na2MnO2
Authors: Pfeiffer Steffen , Jansen Martin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNa2MnO2 was prepared via the azide/nitrate route. Stoichiometric mixtures of the precursors (Mn2O3, NaN3 and NaNO3) were heated in an appropriate regime up to 390 °C and annealed at this temperature for 20 h, in specially designed silver containers. As the most prominent feature, the crystal structure of Na2MnO2 (C2/c, Z = 12, a = 12.5026(9), b = 12.1006(9), c = 6.0939(4) Å, β = 117.94(0)°, 1556 independent reflections, R1 = 3.83 % (all data)) forms a three dimensional framework polyanion of corner sharing MnO4‐tetrahedra. The connectivity pattern of the tetrahedral building units corresponds to the moganite structure, a rare SiO2 modification. According to measurements of the magnetic susceptibility in the temperature range from 2 to 750 K, Na2MnO2 shows antiferromagnetic ordering below 250 K. Evaluation of the high temperature data employing the Curie‐Weiss law revealed a magnetic moment of μeff = 5.93 μB, confirming the presence of divalent manganese.