bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MLPA and MAPH: Sensitive Detection of Deletions and Duplications
Authors: den Dunnen Johan T. , White Stefan J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe detection of quantitative changes in genomic DNA, i.e., deletions and duplications or so called Copy Number Variants (CNV), is an important element of a complete mutation screening strategy. However, because of practical difficulties, screening for quantitative changes in genomic DNA is often ignored. Hitherto, the techniques available were technically challenging and laborious and thus too costly to be applied on a routine basis. The development of MAPH (Multiplex Amplifiable Probe Hybridization) and more recently MLPA (Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification) have revived interest in the detection of deletions and duplications, primarily due to the simplicity and flexibility of these two approaches. Compared to previous technologies, e.g., Southern blotting, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and breakpoint PCR, they have some clear advantages, including high resolution, high throughput, amenability to multiplexing, and simplicity.
Measuring FRET in Flow Cytometry and Microscopy
Authors: Nagy Péter , Vereb György , Damjanovich Sándor , Mátyus László , Szöllősi János 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis unit presents protocols describing the measurement of protein associations using FRET as determined by flow and image cytometry. The proteins under investigation can be labeled by fluorescent antibodies or fluorescent protein (FP) variants. The flow cytometry protocols determine FRET based on the measurement of donor quenching, which provides a FRET value on a population basis, or based on the measurement of fluorescence intensities in the donor, FRET, and acceptor channels, which provides cell‐by‐cell FRET values. An extension of this protocol is based on cell‐by‐cell correction for autofluorescence and requires the measurement of four fluorescence intensities. The algorithm described can be applied in image cytometric FRET as well. The image protocol determines FRET resolved by donor photobleaching. The authors provide extensive discussion of pitfalls, limitations, and interpretation.
Change of nitric oxide concentration in men exposed to a 1.5 T constant magnetic field
Authors: Sırmatel Öcal , Sert Cemil , Tümer Cemil , Öztürk Adil , Bilgin Murat , Ziylan Zeki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis study was carried out in order to determine nitric oxide (NO) production immediately after a 1.5 T magnetic field 30 min exposure to an experimental group, comprising 33 healthy young male volunteers aged 18–26 years old. In addition, a control group, comprising 30 healthy male volunteers aged 19–26 years old, was not exposed to the magnetic field and their NO levels were also measured. The experimental group was exposed using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus. Nitrite and nitrate concentrations were determined by UV‐VIS spectrophotometer. The results, related to the parameters measured in this study, were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA. Total nitrite concentration in post‐magnetic field samples was found to be higher than in pre‐magnetic field samples (P < .05). Bioelectromagnetics 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cleland's and Grayson's ligaments of the hand: A morphometrical investigation
Authors: de‐Ary‐Pires Bernardo , Valdez Clarissa Francisca , Shecaira André Perin , de Ary‐Pires Ricardo , Ary Pires‐Neto Mário 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe cutaneous ligaments of the human digits are delicate functional structures essential for normal skin stability during digital movements. These ligaments extend bilaterally between the phalanx and the finger dermis, either posteriorly (Cleland's ligaments) or anteriorly (Grayson's ligaments) to the digital neurovascular bundles. We have performed a series of detailed anatomical dissections of the human digits so as to investigate morphometrically Cleland's and Grayson's ligaments and their topographic arrangements. Data were statistically compared between fingers, respecting both side (left or right) and sex, in an attempt to clarify some of the morphologic variations of these structures. The cutaneous ligaments of the human digits have been analyzed bilaterally both in 30 fixed cadavers (300 adult human digits) and in 10 nonfixed human cadaveric digits. A computerized morphometrical investigation of the human digits and their Cleland's and Grayson's ligaments has been performed and the resulting quantitative data have been statistically assessed, comparing groups according to finger, phalanx, side (left or right hands), and sex. The ratio between the origin and insertion (O:I) of these ligaments indicate a divergent arrangement of fibers, with values varying from 0.52 to 0.84, depending on the phalanx and finger analyzed. Our morphometrical data provide normal reference values, mainly for Grayson's ligaments, that can be useful in the comparison with the respective measurements obtained in Dupuytren's disease. Morphological bases are also provided, which may be relevant either in computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging involving the hand region and in their application in surgical procedures of the human hand. Clin. Anat. 20:68–76, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microsurgical anatomy of the superior orbital fissure
Authors: Shi Xianzhong , Han Hui , Zhao Jing , Zhou Changman 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe microanatomy of the superior orbital fissure (SOF) was studied in 96 sides of cadaver specimens. The SOF is a narrow bony cleft that lies at the apex of the orbit between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid. Through this fissure, many important structures enter the orbit from the middle cranial fossa including the third, fourth, sixth cranial nerves, and the ophthalmic branch of the fifth nerve. In addition, the superior opthalmamic vein exits the orbit to drain into the cavernous sinus via the SOF. The fissure can be divided into three anatomical regions by the annulus of Zinn (common annular tendon): the lateral, central, and inferior regions. The lateral wall of the SOF can also be divided between the upper and lower segments, and the angle between them was measured to be 144.27° ± 20.03°. Defining these regions is useful in describing the course and placement of the nerves and vasculature in the SOF. Managing lesions at the orbital apex requires an extensive knowledge of the cranial base and the intracranial and extracranial relationships of the anatomical structures coursing through the SOF. The goal of this study was to describe the microanatomy of the SOF region in detail and to provide a reference for surgical procedures involving the orbital apex. Clin. Anat. 20:362–366, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Telephone monitoring of distress in patients aged 65 years or older with advanced stage cancer
Authors: Kornblith Alice B. , Dowell Jeannette M. , Herndon James E. , Engelman Beverly J. , Bauer‐Wu Susan , Small Eric J. , Morrison Vicki A. , Atkins James , Cohen Harvey Jay , Holland Jimmie C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Significant barriers to cancer patients receiving mental health treatment for distress have been reported in the literature. The objective of the current study was to determine whether distress in older patients (aged 65 years and older) would be reduced with educational materials (EM) supplemented by monthly telephone monitoring (TM) (TM + EM) compared with the use of EM alone because of more timely referrals to appropriate health professionals.METHODS.One hundred ninety‐two older patients with breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers who had advanced disease and currently were receiving treatment were randomized to receive either TM + EM or EM alone. One hundred thirty‐one patients were evaluated by telephone interview for psychologic and physical distress and for social support at baseline and at 6 months using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)‐QLQ‐C30 quality‐of‐life questionnaire, and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Social Support Survey. Patients who in the TM + EM group were called monthly for 6 months to monitor their distress using the HADS and EORTC physical symptom items and the MOS Social Support Survey items, with cutoff levels were established to indicate which patients were in greater distress. Those patients who scored above the cutoff levels were referred to their oncology nurse for referral to the appropriate professional. Patients in the EM group received written materials regarding cancer‐related psychosocial issues and available resources.RESULTS.At 6 months, patients in the TM + EM group reported significantly less anxiety (HADS; P < .0001), depression (HADS; P = .0004), and overall distress (HADS; P < .0001) compared with patients in the EM group.CONCLUSIONS.Monthly monitoring of older patients' distress with TM and EM along with referral for appropriate help was found to be an efficient means of reducing patients' anxiety and depression compared with patients who received only EM. Cancer 2006. Published 2006 American Cancer Society.
Notch1 and Notch2 receptors influence progressive hair graying in a dose‐dependent manner
Authors: Schouwey Karine , Delmas Véronique , Larue Lionel , Zimber‐Strobl Ursula , Strobl Lothar J. , Radtke Freddy , Beermann Friedrich 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Notch signaling pathway is involved in diverse biological processes such as cell fate decisions or stem cell maintenance. In this study, we assessed the role of this pathway for melanocyte development and hair pigmentation using RBP‐Jκ, Notch1, and Notch2 conditional knockout mice. Disruption of the Notch pathway by inactivating RBP‐Jκ in the melanocyte lineage using Tyr::Cre mice led to a severe coat color dilution. Similarly, hair graying was observed when Notch1 and/or Notch2 receptors were ablated in melanocytes. This phenotype was proportional to the number of floxed Notch alleles, with the most pronounced effect seen in Tyr::Cre/°; Notch1flox/flox; Notch2flox/flox mice. Deletion of Notch1 and/or Notch2 in melanoblasts did not induce a congenital defect. The number of Dct‐expressing cells at embryonic stages was not affected, but melanocytes located within the hair matrix progressively disappeared during the first regeneration of the hair follicle. In contrast, non‐follicular melanocytes and pigmentation in the dermis and in the choroid were not affected. We suggest that both Notch1 and Notch2 receptors contribute to the maintenance of melanoblasts and melanocyte stem cells, and are essential for proper hair pigmentation. Developmental Dynamics 236:282–289, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of energy intake and food selection during laboratory binge eating episodes in obese women with and without a binge eating disorder diagnosis
Authors: Raymond Nancy C. , Bartholome Lindsay T. , Lee Susanne S. , Peterson Roseann E. , Raatz Susan K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective:The purpose of the study was to compare energy intake and food selection of laboratory binge eating episodes in obese women with and without binge eating disorder (BED).Method:Twenty women, 12 meeting BED criteria, and 8 BMI and age matched obese controls, engaged in a laboratory binge eating episode.Results:BED participants consumed significantly more total food in kilocalories than the non‐BED obese group and more kilocalories of fat. However, there were no differences between the groups in the proportion of calories from any macronutrient. There was a nonsignificant trend for the BED group to consume more total grams of food. During the binge, the BED group consumed more dairy products.Conclusion:Results of the study confirmed that women with BED consumed significantly more total food in kilocalories than the non‐BED obese women when they were allowed to have a binge eating episode in a laboratory setting. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Narcissism and narcissistic defences in the eating disorders
Authors: Waller Glenn , Sines Jennie , Meyer Caroline , Foster Emma , Skelton Anna 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective:This study examined the associations between eating pathology and narcissism in an eating‐disordered group. Narcissism was conceptualized in terms of both its core element (entitlement, grandiosity) and the narcissistic defenses that are used to maintain self‐esteem.Method:Seventy non‐clinical and 84 eating‐disordered patients completed a measure of the different elements of narcissism, and a standardized measure of eating pathology.Results:The eating‐disordered group scored higher than the non‐clinical women on the measures of core narcissism and of the narcissistically abused style (“poor me” defense). The pattern of dimensional associations between narcissism and eating pathology was highly similar across the clinical and nonclinical groups, with the narcissistic defenses playing the strongest role. The poisonous pedagogy style (“bad you” defense) was positively associated with restrictive attitudes toward eating, while the narcissistically abused style was positively associated with restraint, eating concern, body shape concern, and body weight concern.Conclusion:The narcissistic defenses are particularly relevant in understanding the eating disorders. Implications for future research are outlined, and suggestions are made about the need to assess and respond to these associations in treatment. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Task demand modulation of steady‐state functional connectivity to primary motor cortex
Authors: Newton Allen T. , Morgan Victoria L. , Gore John C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCorrelations in blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) MRI signals from separate areas within the human brain have been used as a measure of functional connectivity. Steady‐state measures of interregional correlations are particularly useful because they do not depend on the specific design of a task nor on subtracting conditions in a blocked design task. However, the conditions under which such correlations are measured may influence these indices of functional connectivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of task demand on interregional correlations within the motor system. Specifically, tapping rates in audibly paced finger‐tapping tasks were controlled and varied between runs in order to observe their effects on interregional correlations to contralateral primary motor cortex (PM). Regions of interest included the supplementary motor area, ipsilateral cerebellum, ipsilateral auditory cortex, and a control region. It was found that tapping rate was a significant factor in determining the mean correlation of some regions to PM, and that correlations measured during tapping in general increased relative to resting state. Furthermore, analysis of the percent of voxels in each region significantly correlated to PM suggested that changes in the mean correlation of that region to PM could be accounted for by changes in the fraction of significantly correlated voxels within a region. This provides insight into the manner in which steady‐state correlations are modified in response to different task demands and further evidence that low‐frequency fluctuations in BOLD signals reflect functional connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Event‐related functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based on craniocerebral correlations: Reproducibility of activation?
Authors: Plichta M.M. , Herrmann M.J. , Baehne C.G. , Ehlis A.‐C. , Richter M.M. , Pauli P. , Fallgatter A.J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to assess the retest reliability of cortical activation detected by event‐related functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based on craniocerebral correlations. Isolated functional activation was evoked in the motor cortex by a periodically performed finger‐tapping task. During 44‐channel fNIRS recording, 12 subjects performed 30 trials of right and left index finger tapping in two sessions. The retest interval was set to 3 weeks. Simple correlations of the contrast t‐values supplemented by scatterplots, channel‐wise intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), as well as reproducibility indices for the size and the location of the detected activation were calculated. The results at the group level showed sufficient single measure ICCs (up to 0.80) and excellent reproducibility of the size and the location (up to 89% were reproducible). Comparisons of the intersession group amplitudes demonstrate that the fNIRS signals were stable across time in a retest study design: the number of significant differences was less than randomly occurring false‐positive activated channels if an alpha level of 5% is chosen. Effect size analyses indicated that the intersession amplitude differences are small (mean < 0.25). For deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin distinct statistical power profiles were revealed regarding the activation vs. baseline contrast as well as the intersession amplitude differences, indicating a higher sensitivity of deoxyhemoglobin for local hemodynamic changes. The results suggest that sensorimotor activation assessed by event‐related fNIRS based on craniocerebral correlations is sufficiently reproducible at the group level. Hum Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detecting functional nodes in large‐scale cortical networks with functional magnetic resonance imaging: A principal component analysis of the human visual system
Authors: Ecker Christine , Reynaud Emanuelle , Williams Steven C. , Brammer Michael J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis study aimed to demonstrate how a regional variant of principal component analysis (PCA) can be used to delineate the known functional subdivisions of the human visual system. Unlike conventional eigenimage analysis, PCA was carried out as a second‐level analysis subsequent to model‐based General Linear Model (GLM)‐type functional activation mapping. Functional homogeneity of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series within and between clusters was examined on several levels of the visual network, starting from the level of individual clusters up to the network level comprising two or more distinct visual regions. On each level, the number of significant components was identified and compared with the number of clusters in the data set. Eigenimages were used to examine the regional distribution of the extracted components. It was shown that voxels within individual clusters and voxels located in bilateral homologue visual regions can be represented by a single component, constituting the characteristic functional specialization of the cluster(s). If, however, PCA was applied to time series of voxels located in functionally distinct visual regions, more than one component was observed with each component being dominated by voxels in one of the investigated regions. The model of functional connections derived by PCA was in accordance with the well‐known functional anatomy and anatomical connectivity of the visual system. PCA in combination with conventional activation mapping might therefore be used to identify the number of functionally distinct nodes in an fMRI data set in order to generate a model of functional connectivity within a neuroanatomical network. Hum Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein adsorption and zeta potentials of a biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic under various conditions
Authors: Zhu Xiangdong , Fan Hongsong , Li Dongxiao , Xiao Yumei , Zhang Xingdong 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn investigation on the relationship between protein adsorption and zeta potentials of a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic was carried out. Zeta potentials of the BCP ceramic particles were measured at various aqueous solutions. Bovine serum album (BSA) and its competitive adsorption with lysozyme (LSZ) on BCP were investigated using conventional protein adsorption and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) methods. The results showed that zeta potential and the amount of adsorbed BSA were both influenced by pH, ionic strength, Ca2+ and PO concentrations in the buffers. The variation tendencies of BSA adsorption were consistent with that of zeta potentials to some extent. The co‐adsorption of BSA and LSZ on BCP was confirmed by the PAGE gel pattern. The semi‐quantitative analysis for the detected protein bands proved that LSZ had higher affinity for BCP than BSA and would preferentially bind to the surface. Electrostatic interaction played an important role in protein adsorption on the surface of the BCP ceramic particles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
FRET and colocalization analyzer—A method to validate measurements of sensitized emission FRET acquired by confocal microscopy and available as an ImageJ Plug‐in
Authors: Hachet‐Haas Muriel , Converset Noël , Marchal Olivier , Matthes Hans , Gioria Sophie , Galzi Jean‐Luc , Lecat Sandra 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between an adequate pair of fluorophores is an indication of closer proximity than colocalization and is used by biologists to study fluorescently modified protein interactions inside cells. We present a method for visualization of FRET images acquired by confocal sensitized emission, involving excitation of the donor fluorophore and detection of the energy transfer as an emission from the acceptor fluorophore into the FRET channel. Authentic FRET signal measurements require the correction from the FRET channel of the undesired bleed‐through signals (BT) resulting from both the leak‐through of the donor emission and the direct acceptor emission. Our method reduces the interference of the user to a minimum by analyzing the entire image, pixel by pixel. It proposes imaging treatments and the display of control images to validate the BT calculation and the image corrections. It displays FRET images as a function of the colocalization of the two fluorescent partners. Finally, it proposes an alternative to normalization of the FRET intensities to compare FRET signal variations between samples. This method called “FRET and Colocalization Analyzer” has been implemented in a Plug‐in of the freely available ImageJ software. It is particularly adapted when transient expression of the fluorescent proteins is used thereby giving very variable expression levels or when the colocalization of the two partners is varying in proportion, in amount, and in size, as a function of time. The method and program are validated using the analysis of the spatio‐temporal interactions between a G‐protein coupled receptor, the tachykinin NK2 receptor, and the β‐arrestin 2 as an example. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The corrosion of aluminium and aluminium alloys by citric acid and citric acid‐salt solutions
Authors: Bryan J. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper gives the results of a comprehensive series of tests on the corrosion of four different grades of aluminium and two aluminium alloys by a dilute acid and an acid‐salt solution at different temperatures under static and agitated conditions. The work was undertaken to provide information of practical value on some of the main factors influencing the service‐life of aluminium plant and equipment used in contact with acid food products.The results show that aluminium (purity range 99.25–99.993%), Al‐Mn (1.17% Mn) and Al‐Mg‐Mn (1.78% Mg, 0.45% Mn) alloys resist a dilute solution of citric acid at room temperature whether agitated or not. The rate of corrosion was approximately doubled per 10° C. rise in temperature; the life of equipment would be very short at boiling temperature. In the presence of salt, the corrosion rates of the two alloys and of all the grades of aluminium tested, with the possible exception of the purest grades, would be too high to permit their use even at room temperatures, unless oxygen was excluded. In general, the corrosion was greater the lower the grade of aluminium and, under all but one of the conditions tested, the two alloys corroded most.