bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Front tooth replacement with Tübingen (Frialit®) implants
Authors: DE WIJS F.L.J.A. , VAN DONGEN R.C. , DE LANGE G.L. , DE PUTTER C. 
Published: June 2007

Summary127 Tübingen (Frialit®) implants have been clinically evaluated for a 10 year period. The implants were placed in the anterior region of the maxillae of 101 patients to replace lost incisors, cuspids and premolars. Seventy‐seven implants were placed within 3 months after loss of a natural anterior tooth, resulting in the preservation of the volume of the alveolar ridge and the contour of the surrounding soft tissues. This preservation of the volume of the alveolar ridge was due to the fact that the Tübingen implants have conical shapes and sizes, equal to those of the roots of natural teeth.The dentine‐like colour and the biological properties of the bio‐inert Al2O3 implant‐material, in most of the cases was an advantage to the aesthetics of the prosthetic restorations and to the condition of the soft tissues in the permucosal area. The Tübingen implant is placed with a one‐phase technique implying special care for the temporary restorations to avoid premature loading. Also prevention of overloading the ceramic material by the fixed restoration needs special attention in the construction of posts, cores and crowns. The overall survival‐rate in this study with a mean follow‐up of 4–5 years was 87%. Patient and dentist satisfaction was high.
Effect of a fatigue test and chewing training on masticatory muscles
Authors: TZAKIS M.G. , KILIARIDIS S. , CARLSSON G.E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe effects of fatigue induced by 30 min of intense chewing before and after 4 weeks of 1 h daily chewing training on masticatory muscles were studied in 15 healthy subjects while eight subjects served as controls. EMG measurements in the postural position and during maximal clenching in the intercuspal position and clinical examination of the stomatognathic system were performed. Marked clinical signs of dysfunction were recorded after the first fatigue test. The severity of dysfunction diminished during the 4‐week training period and was back at the baseline level at the end of it. In the second fatigue test, after the training period, the subjects developed less dysfunction. In the control group, a mainly stable pattern was found during the observation period. There was a great variation in EMG activity during the experimental period and there were no statistically significant changes observed between any of the recordings in any of the groups.
Periodontal status of teeth in contact with denture in removable partial denture wearers
Authors: YUSOF Z. , ISA Z. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe aims of the study were to determine the periodontal status of the teeth in contact with removable partial dentures (RPDs) and to compare them with other teeth in the opposing arch not related to any prothesis. The periodontal status was also assessed in relation to the age of the dentures. Four hundred and twenty‐seven patients treated with RPDs from 1981 to 1986 were recalled for examination. Prior to prosthetic treatment they were given periodontal treatment and fillings when required. Initially all were given oral hygiene instructions and motivation. They were reviewed regularly only on a short‐term basis. Eighteen patients were suitable for the present study comprising of eight males and 10 females whose mean age was 41 years. The RPDs were in use from 1.5 to 8 years (mean 4.6 years). The following parameters were assessed: Plaque index (PlI), Gingival index (GI), loss of attachment (LA) and tooth mobility. The wearing of RPDs resulted in higher PlI, GI and LA compared to the controls and these differences were statistically significant. There was an increased frequency of higher PlI, GI and LA with the increase in denture age. Minor changes in tooth mobility were observed. It was concluded that the wearing of RPDs was detrimental to periodontal health in patients whose oral hygiene was less than adequate.
The effects of electrogalvanic stimulation therapy on masticatory muscle dysfunction as determined by the pantronic reproducibility index
Authors: PAYNE J.A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryPatients with temporomandibular joint dysfunctional activity (TM dysfunction) present with a diverse spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms. The multifactorial aetiology of such disorders has been noted. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems arise due to the inadequacy of quantifying the dysfunction. TM dysfunction can affect the muscles of mastication which are responsible for mandibular movement. A pantographic reproducibility index (PRI) is available to quantitatively and qualitatively measure a subjects ability to reproduce mandibular border movements. Physical therapy modalities are used in the management of TM dysfunction. Electrogalvanic stimulation (EGS) is such an example. The effect of electrogalvanic stimulation on subjects with and without TM dysfunction was assessed by Pantronic PRI appraisal in 20 subjects. No statistically significant differences were noted. At the individual level, some changes were observed in susceptible subjects.
Transferring provisional restorations to final master casts
Authors: NEMCOVSKY C.E. , GROSS M.D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMany principles guide preparation and fitting of provisional restorations. Their importance as a diagnostic tool is considered. Aesthetic, phonetic, functional, parafunctional and dysfunctional factors after evaluation in the provisional restorations have to be transferred to the master cast to incorporate them into the final restoration. A method for transferring morphology of provisional restorations to the master cast through preparation of a wax analogue fixed partial denture is presented. This method is precise, practical, suitable for most rehabilitation cases, and not clinically time‐consuming since most stages are carried out in the dental laboratory.
Jaw‐closing muscles: electromyographic activity of human subjects with reduced periodontal support
Authors: FERNANDES C.P. , PSARRAS V. , FREITAS L.B. , AHLGREN J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity of jaw‐closing muscles of individuals with normal and reduced periodontal bone support. Fourteen adult subjects with more than 24 remaining teeth and low levels of periodontal inflammation, were selected for the study. Subjects of the control group had 90% of the periodontal bone support left, while other subjects presented a reduction of 52% of the original periodontal bone. Chewing experiments were performed using silicone tablets, carrots and white bread. The EMG of masseter and anterior temporal muscles was performed bilaterally, using bipolar surface electrodes, and the EMG amplitude was full wave rectified, integrated and the area extension under the curve was used to access muscle activity. The results of the chewing experiments did not show any statistically significant difference in the EMG activity of the study groups, irrespective of the chewing stuff. The height of periodontal bone support did not seem to influence the electroactivity of jaw‐closing muscles, indicating that reduced periodontal support might equally be able to withstand masticatory loads. Hence, individuals with reduced periodontal bone support revealed a similar EMG activity compared to subjects with normal periodontal bone support.
A computer‐controlled experimental set‐up enabling the quantification of motor performance in man, applied to mastication
Authors: OTTENHOFF F.A.M. , VAN DER BILT A. , VAN DER GLAS H.W. , BOSMAN F. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis paper describes a computer‐controlled experimental set‐up, which enables the simulation and manipulation of the resistance of food, the bolus size and reflex evoking events during chewing in man. Food resistance was simulated by an external downward directed force on the mandible during the closing phase. The force was supplied by a magnet‐coil system. A coil, rigidly attached to the subject's mandible, was located in a permanent magnetic field. By varying the current through the coil, the force on the coil and thus on the mandible could be adjusted. The current was on line computed as a function of the jaw gape. Food resistance and bolus size could be simulated and manipulated by varying the amplitude of the force and the jaw gape at which the force started, respectively. The possibility of varying these parameters could be used simultaneously and independently. Reflex evoking events were simulated by an additional loading or unloading force pulse, superimposed on the food‐simulating force. The set‐up has been tested during experiments in which food resistance, bolus size and reflex evoking events were simulated. Examples of these experiments are presented in this paper.
Effect of dentine on release of TEGDMA from resin composite in vitro
Authors: GERZINA T.M. , HUME W.R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTriethylene glycol dimethacrylate (tegdma) is a component of some resin composites which contributes to their cytotoxicity. The presence of dentine between resin composite and test cells reduces the cytotoxicity in vitro. To determine why dentine has this protective effect, the diffusion of tegdma from a composite resin through dentine to the pulp space was compared with release directly into aqueous solution in vitro. Both release rate and total cumulative release of tegdma for the two groups, at times up to 100 days, were determined using reversed‐phase HPLC. Release rate directly into water was highest in the minutes immediately after immersion and declined thereafter. However, in the tooth model, using an equivalent mass and surface area of composite resin, no tegdma was detectable in the pulp space until 43min after restoration placement. The rate of diffusion through dentine from that time until day 1 was less than 1% of the highest (initial) direct release rate. The rate declined thereafter. It is relevant, however, that by day 3 the total cumulative release of tegdma through dentine was 60% of the direct release. Dentine therefore appears to exert its protective effect principally by retarding or ‘damping’ the initial high release of tegdma to a substantial degree.
Influence of dentine on the pulpward release of eugenol or acids from restorative materials
Authors: HUME W.R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe diffusion gradient which develops across dentine and the clearance into the capillary circulation at the pulpal side of the tissue both reduce the concentration of potential toxins applied to dentine, thus protecting pulpal cells.The data presented on eugenol indicates that when release of a potential toxin from a solid material is hydrolytic the limited wetness of dentine, i.e. the limited availability of water for hydrolysis, contributes to the protective effect of the tissue.The data on strong acids indicates that a third protective mechanism, buffering by hydroxyapatite, can contribute to dentine's protective effect in situations where the potential toxin is strongly acid.There may be other mechanisms by which dentine protects the pulp against chemical toxins from restorative materials. However, the three described: diffusion limitation; limited wetness for hydrolysis; and buffering by dentinal hydroxyapatite, appear to allow the relatively safe use of a wide range of tooth restorative materials.
Mercury vapour suppression by various liquid media
Authors: SUTOW E.J. , FOONG W.C. , RIZKALLA A.S. , JONES D.W. , POWER N.L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryFresh and used photographic fixer, Merconvap® and water were evaluated for their ability to suppress the vapourization of mercury. Mercury vapour concentration above the four test storage liquids was measured at various times between 10 min and 335 days, using a mercury vapour measuring instrument. The data were analysed using a Student‐Newman‐Keuls multiple comparison test (P= 0.05). The results showed that fresh and used fixer and Merconvap® suppressed the vapourization of mercury to below the detection limit of the measuring instrument (0.01 mg/m3). Water was much less effective compared with the other liquids and showed an increase in mercury vapour concentration with log t.
Correlation between autoregressive moving‐average model parameters of electromyogram of human jaw closing muscles and maximum clenching time at intercuspal position
Authors: SHI C.‐S. , MAO Y. , GUO T.‐W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryDuring maximum clenching in the intercuspal position, surface electromyograms of left masseter and anterior temporal muscles were sampled in 16 healthy subjects with natural dentitions to establish a four‐order, autoregressive (AR) moving‐average (MA) model of the myoelectrical signals. The correlation coefficients and the linear regresssion between the model parameters and the clenching time were calculated. The model parameters had the positive or the negative correlation, and AR model parameters had the higher correlation than MA model parameters. The model parameters relate to muscular fatigue and the slope of the regressive equation relates to the endurance time of the isometric contraction.
Growth and/or acid production of Candida albicans on soft lining materials in vitro
Authors: NIKAWA H. , YAMAMOTO T. , HAYASHI S. , NIKAWA Y. , HAMADA T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryEffects of soft lining materials on the growth and/or acid production of Candida albicans were investigated using a simplified method monitoring the pH change in the growth medium. Reverse sigmoidal pH curves were observed with all samples and, as compared with acrylic, all soft lining materials inhibited fungal growth or acid production in the following way, i.e. delay of the beginning of a rapid and linear decline in pH, decreases in the rate of linear change in pH and increases in minimum pH.Further examinations using a surface‐modified glass tube revealed that the order of Candida growth agreed with the relative hydrophobicity and adherence capacity of substrates, suggesting that this adherence capacity affected the yeast growth on their surfaces.Besides adherence capacities of substrates, the powder, liquid and plasticizer of some soft lining materials directly inhibited Candida growth. Thus, the results obtained here revealed that several factors within soft lining materials affected Candida growth and/or acid production.
Implant prosthodontic treatment options for the edentulous patient
Authors: ZARB G.A. , SCHMITT A. 
Published: June 2007

summary
Longitudinally documented benefits for edentulous patients of treatment outcomes of the osseointegration technique demonstrate compelling therapeutic results. Heterogeneous population groups, treated in different centres by various dental specialists, have provided impressive evidence of a minimal burden of illness associated with the procedure. A critical appraisal of the manycomponents of any implemented treatment paradigm demands repeated analysis of the factors which enable patients' informed consent and dentists' optimal decision making. This paper reviews those salient aspects which impact upon decision making with implant‐supported prostheses. It emphasizes the predominance of bone structure in selecting the most likely favourable treatment outcome.
In vitro cytokine production and phenotype expression by blood mononuclear cellsfrom umbilical cords, children and adults
Authors: Müller K. , Zak M. , Nielsen S. , Pedersen F. K. , de Nully P. , Bendtzen K. 
Published: June 2007

Age related differences in immunological reactions include variations in the in vitro functions of blood mononuclear cells (MNC). In an attempt to understand the mechanism behind these differences we examined age related differences in the phenotype profiles of MNC in parallel with the in vitro production of interleukin IL‐6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and in‐terferon gamma (IFNg) in neonates, children and adults. In cultures without added polyclonal activators IL‐6 and TNFα levels in children were 3–6 times higher than those of umbilical cords and adults. However, using optimal in vitro stimulation (E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phytohaemmag‐glutinin or pokeweed mitogen (PWM)) no significant differences in the levels of these cytokines were observed. The levels of IFNg in PWM driven cultures followed a different pattern with comparable levels in children and adults, and unmeasurable levels in cord blood MNC. Flow cytometry analysis of the phenotypic distribution of MNC revealed age related differences in the expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD45RA, CD45RO, CD2, LFA‐1, ICAM‐1 and LFA‐3. Correlation studies did not indicate that the observed differences in cytokine production could be ascribed to differences in the frequency of monocytes, T cells or B cells. The TNFα levels in suboptimally stimulated cultures correlated negatively with the expression of LFA‐3 and positively with CD45RA. while IFNg correlated positively with CD2, LFA‐1, CD45R0 and CD8.In conclusion, the study provides evidence of age related differences in the production of TNFα, IL‐6 and IFNg among neonates, children and adults. These differences may to some extent be caused by differences in the expression of cell surface molecules involved in cellular interactions and signalling.
Early intervention for the prevention of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Hide D. W. 
Published: June 2007

Based on a lecture given to the European Society for Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology.Diseases associated with atopy are increasing throughout the world. Individuals appear to have a genetic predisposition to atopy which is then provoked by environmental influences. Ingested or inhaled allergens provoke an antibody response and a state of sensitization. In many but not all sensitized individuals subsequent exposure to allergen will provoke a release of histamine and other mediators from sensitized mast cells and produce clinical signs of an allergic reaction in the target organ or throughout the body. At the present time one approach to the prevention or reduction of such reactions appears to be the identification of the high‐risk infant and then preventing or limiting exposure to the potentially allergenic protein materials in the child's diet or immediate environment.This paper outlines the problems of identifying high‐risk infants and comments on the success claimed in the intervention studies that have been undertaken. The possible hazards to mothers and infants of dietary exclusion are emphasized and the provision of appropriate medical and dietetic support are regarded as of paramount importance. Although more studies are needed, the Isle of Wight intervention programme offers hope to families at high‐risk of atopy that the problem can be reduced for the next generation.
Measles vaccine in egg allergic children: poor immunogenicity of the Edmoston‐Zagreb strain
Authors: Bruno Giovanna , Grandolfo Michele , Lucenti Patrizia , Novello Francesco , Ridolfi Barbara , Businco Luisa 
Published: June 2007

Despite the fact that a number of recent studies have shown that measles/ mumps/rubella vaccine is safe for egg allergic children, many pediatricians are still concerned about immunization in egg allergic children. In Europe, a measles vaccine with the Edmoston‐Zagreb strain (EZMV) grown in human fibroblast culture has been developed and recommended for children with egg allergy. However, some doubt arises on the efficacy of this strain due to its weak immunogenicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunogenicity of the EZMV in comparison to the measles vaccine with the Schwarz strain (SWMV) grown in a chick embryo fibroblast culture.Thirty‐nine children affected by severe immediate manifestations due to IgE mediated egg allergy were enrolled. The children received at random the SWMV (Morupar, Sclavo) or the EZMV (Triviraten, Berna) in one 0. 5 ml subcutaneous injection, and were checked for any immediate allergic reactions in the following 4 hours. Blood samples were taken for the detection of specific antibody response 5 months after the immunization. In SWMV seroconverted children (18/19) the geometric mean antibody liter was 3 times higher than that observed in EZMV seroconverted children (17/20) (p < 0.01). No allergic reactions occurred following the immunization with the two different vaccines. This data confirms the safety of SWMV in egg allergic children. In addition, the present study provides further data on the lower immunogenicity of the EZMV in comparison to the SWMV.
Labial food challenge in children with food allergy
Authors: Ranee F. , Dutau G. 
Published: June 2007

The current increase in the prevalence of food allergies appears to have several causes including better screening, improved diagnosis and changes in both the techniques used by food manufacturers and eating habits. Labial food challenge (LFC)is simple, rapid to perform and is associated with only low risks of systemic reaction. It is thus an appealing alternative to the oral food challenge (OFC) for pediatric use.We report a series of 202 LFC performed over two years in 142 children with food allergy suspected from the case history, positive skin prick tests and specific serum IgE assays: 156 LFC were positive; and 46 negative, followed by positive single‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenges (SB‐PCFC). The foods provoking reactions were egg white (75 cases), peanut (60 cases), mustard (23 cases), cow's milk (13 cases), cod (8 cases), kiwi fruit, shrimp (4 cases each), chicken, peanut oil (3 cases each), hazel nuts (2 cases), and snails, apple, fennel, garlic, chilli peppers, pepper, and duck (1 case each). LFC positivity was mostly (89. 7% of cases) manifested as a labial edema with contiguous urticaria. There were systemic reactions in 4. 5% of cases: generalized urticaria, hoarseness and rapid‐onset and generalized eczema. The 46 infants with negative LFC results had positive SBPCFC. The reactions were in 34 cases generalized urticaria, 10 cases asthma attacks, 2 cases early and generalized eczema, and in one case general anaphylactic shock. The sensitivity of the LFC was 77%. The LFC was easy to perform with children. Positive results indicate the presence of food allergy, but negative results require further investigations preferably double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC)
Soy allergy is not common in atopic children: a multicenter study
Authors: Bruno G. , Giampietro P. G. , Guercio M. J/Del , Gallia P. , Giovannini L , Lovati C. , Paolucci P. , Quaglio L , Zoratto E. , Businco L 
Published: June 2007

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of soy allergy (positive skin test and positive challenge test) in a large cohort of atopic children, many of them soy fed early in life for several months. In order to investigate the prevalence of soy allergy, two groups of children were enrolled into the study. The first group comprised a cohort of 505 children with personal history suggestive of food allergy. The second group included 243 children born of atopic parents, who had been soy protein formula fed for the first six months of life for the prevention of cow's milk allergy and who had been prospectively followed up, from birth to 5 years.As regards the prevalence of soy allergy in the cohort of children suffering from allergic disease: 31/505 children (6%) had positive skin prick test to soy, however only six of the 31 children with positive skin prick test to soy had positive challenge test to soy.With regard to the prevalence of soy allergy in the children who had been soy protein formula fed in the first six months of life (second group): 14/ 243 children (6%) had positive skin prick test to soy, but the double blind placebo control oral food challenge to soy was positive in only one of these 14 children. In conclusion documented soy allergy is not common in atopic children.