bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of short-term amitriptyline administration for treatment of acute, nonobstructive, idiopathic lower urinary tract disease in cats
Authors: Kruger John M. , Conway Tina S. , Kaneene John B. , Perry Ruby L. , Hagenlocker Elizabeth , Golombek Andrea , Stuhler Jennifer 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether short-term amitriptyline administration would be efficacious in the treatment of acute, nonobstructive, idiopathic lower urinary tract disease in cats.Design—Randomized controlled trial.Animals—31 untreated male and female cats with acute, nonobstructive, idiopathic lower urinary tract disease.Procedures—Cats were treated with amitriptyline (5 mg/d; n = 16) or a placebo (15) for 7 days and monitored for pollakiuria, hematuria, and adverse events. Cats were reexamined 1 month after treatment, and owners were interviewed by telephone 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment.Results—2 amitriptyline-treated cats were excluded from analyses because of acquired urinary tract infection. Clinical signs resolved by day 8 in 8 amitriptylinetreated and 10 control cats. There were no apparent differences in likelihood or rate of recovery from pollakiuria or hematuria between groups. Overall, clinical signs recurred significantly faster and more frequently in amitriptyline-treated than control cats. However, after excluding recurrences within 21 days of treatment, risk of recurrence was similar in both groups. Increasing age was significantly associated with increased likelihood and rate of recovery from hematuria and with decreased risk of recurrence of signs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that short-term amitriptyline treatment has no benefit in terms of resolution of pollakiuria and hematuria in cats with idiopathic lower urinary tract disease and may be associated with an increased risk of recurrence. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003:222:749–758)
Systolic blood pressure in cats with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sennello Kathleen A. , Schulman Rhonda L. , Prosek Robert , Siegel Arthur M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the prevalence of systemic hypertension in cats with diabetes mellitus and establish ranges for echocardiographic variables in diabetic cats.Design—Prospective study.Animals—14 cats with diabetes mellitus and 19 healthy control cats.Procedure—Systolic blood pressure was measured indirectly with a noninvasive Doppler technique. Ophthalmic and echocardiographic examinations were performed, and urine protein concentration was measured. Cats were considered to have hypertension if they had systolic blood pressure > 180 mm Hg and at least 1 other clinical abnormality typically associated with hypertension (eg, hypertensive retinopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, or proteinuria).Results—None of the diabetic or control cats had systolic blood pressure > 180 mm Hg. One diabetic cat had left ventricular hypertrophy, but systolic blood pressure was 174 mm Hg. None of the cats had evidence of hypertensive retinopathy or proteinuria. Mean values for echocardiographic variables for the diabetic cats were not significantly different from published values for healthy cats.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that hypertension does not occur or occurs in only a small percentage of cats with diabetes mellitus. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:198–201)
Comparison of culling rates among dairy cows grouped on the basis of serologic status for bovine leukemia virus
Authors: Rhodes J. Kelly , Pelzer Kevin D. , Johnson Yvette J. , Russek-Cohen Estelle 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the association between serologic status for bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and culling rates by use of survival times in a commercial Holstein dairy herd.Design—Longitudinal study.Animals—593 milking cows.Procedure—Cattle were tested for antibodies against BLV by use of agar gel immunodiffusion or ELISA 4 times each year from 1989 to 1993 and then annually through 1999. Dates of birth, first calving, and culling or death were obtained from Dairy Herd Improvement Association records. Most cows were enrolled in the study on the date of first calving. Survival times were compared among seropositive, seronegative, and seroconverted cows with the Kaplan-Meier method and a Cox regression model stratified on the basis of year of birth.Results—Complete records were available for 593 of 685 (87%) cattle in the dairy herd during the study period. Median survival time for all cows was 31.7 months. Survival times, which correspond to cull rates, did not differ significantly between seropositive and seronegative cattle, whereas cattle that seroconverted during the study had a significantly longer survival time. Year of birth was positively and significantly associated with survival time.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—BLV serologic status was not associated with cull rate as measured by survival time in this dairy herd. This finding is in contrast to results of studies that used survival analysis techniques; our results may influence management decisions concerning BLV. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:229–231)
Factors associated with client, staff, and student satisfaction regarding small animal euthanasia procedures at a veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: Martin François , Ruby Kathleen L. , Deking Tiffany M. , Taunton Anne E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To identify factors influencing satisfaction with procedures for small animal euthanasia and to compare the relative importance of those factors among clients, staff, and students at a veterinary teaching hospital.Design—Survey.Sample Population—18 nonclinical hospital staff members, 13 clinical staff members, 10 veterinary technicians, 19 veterinary students, and 91 clients.Procedure—Participants were asked to complete a survey that was designed to assess satisfaction with various aspects of the euthanasia procedure.Results—Overall response rate was 48% (151/313). Respondents most strongly agreed with the statements that clients should have the option to be present, that having a private place was important, and that employees should be trained to attend to the emotional needs of the client. When asked to place factors in order of importance, those that were ranked the highest included compassionate and caring attitudes of the hospital employees, the option for the client to be present during the euthanasia, and the client being informed and well prepared.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Overall, all groups (nonclinical staff, clinical staff, veterinary technicians, veterinary students, and clients) identified the same factors as being important in the euthanasia of a pet. Results may help facilitate healthy euthanasia experiences. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:1774–1779)
Absolute and relative cell counts for synovial fluid from clinically normal shoulder and stifle joints in cats
Authors: Pacchiana Philip D. , Gilley Robert S. , Wallace Larry J. , Hayden David W. , Feeney Daniel A. , Jessen Carl R. , Aird Betsy 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine absolute and relative cell counts for synovial fluid from grossly, radiographically, and histologically normal shoulder and stifle joints in healthy cats.Design—Clinical study.Animals—52 cats scheduled to be euthanatized for unrelated reasons.Procedure—Arthrocentesis of the shoulder and stifle joints was performed bilaterally, and synovial fluid was analyzed for absolute WBC count, WBC morphology, and percentages of neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Joints were examined grossly and radiographically, and synovial membrane specimens were submitted for histologic examination. Synovial fluid samples that were contaminated with blood and samples from joints with any gross, radiographic, or histologic abnormalities were excluded.Results—82 of the 208 synovial fluid samples were excluded because abnormalities were identified during physical examination; the volume of fluid obtained was insufficient for analysis; there was evidence of blood contamination; or the joint had gross, radiographic, or histologic abnormalities. Median WBC count for the remaining 126 synovial fluid samples was 91 cells/μL (96.4% mononuclear cells and 3.6% neutrophils); WBC count was not significantly different between left and right joint samples or between shoulder and stifle joint samples. Body weight was associated with synovial fluid WBC count, with WBC count increasing as body weight increased. Sixteen of the 52 (30%) cats had radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis involving at least 1 joint.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that synovial fluid can be obtained reliably from shoulder and stifle joints in cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:1866–1870)
Effect of dental floating on weight gain, body condition score, feed digestibility, and fecal particle size in pregnant mares
Authors: Carmalt James L. , Townsend Hugh G. G. , Janzen Eugene D. , Cymbaluk Nadia F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To investigate the effect of routine dental floating on weight gain, body condition score, feed digestibility, and fecal particle size in pregnant mares fed various diets.Design—Randomized controlled clinical trial.Animals—56 pregnant mares.Procedure—Mares were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 feed groups (n = 14 mares/group). All horses were sedated and an oral examination was performed, after which dental floating was performed on 7 horses in each group. Body weight was measured, and a body condition score was assigned before and at various times for 24 weeks after dental floating. Feed digestibility and fecal particle size were analyzed 7 and 19 weeks after dental floating.Results—Weight gain, change in body condition score, feed digestibility, and fecal particle size were not significantly different between horses that underwent dental floating and untreated control horses. In contrast, weight gain was significantly associated with feed group. In the control horses, neither the number of dental lesions nor the presence of any particular type of lesion at the time of the initial oral examination was significantly associated with subsequent feed digestibility.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that dental floating does not result in significant short-term changes in body weight, body condition score, feed digestibility, or fecal particle size in healthy pregnant mares. Further studies are necessary to determine the clinical utility of regular dental floating in apparently healthy horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:1889–1893)
Effects of winning the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show on breed popularity
Authors: Herzog Harold A. , Elias Steven M. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether winning best in
show at the annual Westminster Kennel Club Dog
Show was associated with a subsequent increase in
breed popularity.

Design—Analysis of archival data.

Study population—Breed-specific numbers of individual
purebred puppies registered with the American
Kennel Club between 1946 and 2002.

Procedure—For breeds that had won the
Westminster Show, the slope of the curve for number
of new registrations per year for the 5 years prior to
winning was compared with the slope of the curve for
the 5 years after winning. In addition, the annual percentage
change in number of new registrations for
the breed that won each year was compared with the
annual percentage change in number of new registrations
for the nonwinning breed most similar in popularity
to the winning breed.

Results—For breeds that had won the Westminster
Show, the slope of the curve for number of new registrations
per year for the 5 years prior to winning was
not significantly different from the slope of the curve
for the 5 years after winning. Annual percentage
change in number of new registrations for the breed
that won each year was not significantly different
from annual percentage change in number of new
registrations for matched nonwinning breeds.

Conclusions—Results do not support the view that
being named best in show at the annual Westminster
Show results in a surge in popularity of winning
breeds. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;225:365–367)
Correlation of rhinoscopic signs of inflammation with histologic findings in nasal biopsy specimens of cats with or without upper respiratory tract disease
Authors: Johnson Lynelle R. , Clarke Heather E. , Bannasch Michael J. , Cock Hilde E. V. De 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To investigate the correlation of cumulative rhinoscopic findings of hyperemia, mucus accumulation, and turbinate destruction with the type and severity of inflammatory infiltrates in nasal biopsy specimens of cats with or without upper respiratory tract disease.Design—Prospective study.Animals—Cats with (n = 11) and without (6) upper respiratory tract disease and cats with unknown medical histories (27).Procedures—Lesions of hyperemia, mucus accumulation, and turbinate destruction detected rhinoscopically were each scored (scale, 0 [absent] to 3 [severe]), and a cumulative rhinoscopic score for each nasal cavity was calculated. Fifty biopsy specimens were examined histologically, and inflammatory infiltrates (lymphoplasmacytic or neutrophilic) were graded as absent, mild, moderate, or severe. Cumulative rhinoscopic scores and inflammation grades were compared for each specimen-cavity combination.Results—In cats of known disease status, there was a positive but weak correlation between cumulative rhinoscopic scores and inflammation grades in biopsy specimens. In cats of unknown disease status, there was no similar correlation. Biopsy specimens with minimal inflammation were commonly obtained from nasal cavities with low rhinoscopic scores; specimens with moderate or severe inflammatory changes were frequently obtained from cavities that appeared normal rhinoscopically. Type of inflammatory infiltrates was not correlated with rhinoscopic signs of inflammation.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The correlation of rhinoscopic findings with inflammation severity in nasal biopsy specimens (determined histologically) was weak or lacking in cats of known and unknown disease status, respectively. Results indicated that rhinoscopy with biopsy provides more complete evaluation of nasal disease than rhinoscopy alone in cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225: 395–400)
Intramuscular anesthesia of bonito and Pacific mackerel with ketamine and medetomidine and reversal of anesthesia with atipamezole
Authors: Williams Thomas D. , Rollins Megan , Block Barbara A. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine anesthetic effects of ketamine
and medetomidine in bonitos and mackerels and
whether anesthesia could be reversed with atipamezole.

Design—Clinical trial.

Animals—43 bonitos (Sarda chiliensis) and 47 Pacific
mackerels (Scomber japonica).

Procedure—28 bonitos were given doses of ketamine
ranging from 1 to 8 mg/kg (0.5 to 3.6 mg/lb), IM, and
doses of medetomidine ranging from 0.2 to 1.6 mg/kg
(0.1 to 0.7 mg/lb), IM (ratio of ketamine to medetomidine,
2.5:1 to 20:1). Doses of atipamezole equal to 1
or 5 times the dose of medetomidine were used. The
remaining 15 bonitos were used to determine the
anesthetic effects of ketamine at a dose of 4 mg/kg
(1.8 mg/lb) and medetomidine at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg
(0.2 mg/lb). The mackerels were given ketamine at
doses ranging from 11 to 533 mg/kg (5 to 242 mg/lb)
and medetomidine at doses ranging from 0.3 to 9.1
mg/kg (0.1 to 4.1 mg/lb; ratio of ketamine to medetomidine,
3:1 to 800:1). Doses of atipamezole equal to 5
times the dose of medetomidine were used.

Results—IM administration of ketamine at a dose of
4 mg/kg and medetomidine at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg in
bonitos and ketamine at a dose of 53 to 228 mg/kg
(24 to 104 mg/lb) and medetomidine at a dose of 0.6
to 4.2 mg/kg (0.3 to 1.9 mg/lb) in mackerels was safe
and effective. For both species, administration of atipamezole
at a dose 5 times the dose of medetomidine
reversed the anesthetic effects.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that a combination of ketamine and medetomidine
can safely be used for anesthesia of bonitos and mackerels
and that anesthetic effects can be reversed with
atipamezole. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;225:417–421)
DOT-ELISA and parasitological examination for diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection in Nigeria
Authors: Mafuyai H. , Uneke C. , Njoku M. , Chuga G. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni infection constitutes significant economic and public health consequences. Accurate diagnosis of the infection is imperative in order to identify subjects needing care in the broadest sense. In this study the dot-ELISA and direct parasitological method were compared in the diagnosis of S. mansoni infection in Jos, Nigeria. Of the 106 subjects studied 64.2 % were S. mansoni positive serologically while only 10.4 % of them were found to have the parasite’s egg in their stools. Individuals aged 20–29 years of both sexes had highest prevalence of 73.9 % and 21.7% by serological and parasitological diagnosis respectively. Prevalence of infection among males was 13.5 % and 7.4 % among females by parasitology. By serology the corresponding figures were 59.6 % and 68.5 % respectively. No significant difference was observed by parasitology (χ2=4.534, P ≤ 0.05) and by serology (χ2=2.00, P ≤ 0.05). Results advocate for serodiagnostic technique over parasitological method in S. mansoni surveillance and epidemiological studies.
Echinococcus multilocularis in musk rat (Ondatra zibethicus): the first finding of the parasite in naturally infected rodent in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Miterpáková M. , Antolová D. , Ševčíková Z. , Stanko M. , Dinkel A. , Gašpar V. , Dubinský P. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis was diagnosed in musk rat (Ondatra zibethicus) in the Slovak Republic. At necropsy, massively enlarged liver with numbers of abscess-like lesions up to 1.5 cm in diameter was found. Histological examination shoved the presence of typical multivesicular cysts with multiple protoscoleces and typical laminated layer. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed the diagnosis. According to our knowledge, this is the first documentation of Echinococcus multilocularis in naturally infected rodent in territory of the Slovak Republic.
Very highly prevalent Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infection of wild boar Sus scrofa in Khuzestan province, south-western Iran
Authors: Mowlavi G. , Massoud J. , Mobedi I. , Solaymani-Mohammadi S. , Gharagozlou M. , Mas-Coma S. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An epidemiological and pathological study of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infection in a total of 50 wild boars Sus scrofa attila from cane sugar fields of Iranian Khuzestan was performed. The total prevalence of 64.0 % detected is the highest hitherto known by this acanthocephalan species in wild boars and may reflect a very high contamination of the farm lands studied as the consequence of the crowding of the wild boar population in cane sugar fields. Observations prove that this species is a wild boar gut wall perforating acanthocephalan. High burdens may become so pathogenic for the host individual as to be responsible for its elimination from the population. Thus, this acanthocephalan may play a role in the control of the S. scrofa population inhabiting cane sugar fields, only lowly infected boars being able to survive. In this way, M. hirudinaceus may be useful, as the wild boar is a serious pest of field corps and, moreover, causes a variety of damage to cane sugar fields because of using them for shelter and nesting areas. Such high prevalence in wild boars and presumably high contamination of cane sugar fields represent a human infection risk for farmers, as well as for concrete ethnic group minorities in Iran. The numerous M. hirudinaceus human infection cases reported so far, mainly in Asian countries, support such a risk situation.
Capillary Force Lithography: Fabrication of Functional Polymer Templates as Versatile Tools for Nanolithography
Authors: Bruinink C. M. , Péter M. , Maury P. A. , de Boer M. , Kuipers L. , Huskens J. , Reinhoudt D. N. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe implementation of high‐resolution polymer templates fabricated by capillary force lithography (CFL) is explored both in nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and in the wet‐etching of metals. Several different thermoplastic and UV‐curable polymers and types of substrates are incorporated into the general CFL procedure to meet the diverging requirements of these two applications. The mechanical stability of UV‐curable templates for imprinting in polymers, as examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and their anti‐adhesive properties are excellent for application in NIL. The conditions for curing the UV‐curable polymer are optimized in order to obtain high‐stability polymer templates. Gold patterns on silicon with a lateral resolution of 150 nm are fabricated by subsequent lift‐off in acetone. Similar patterns with a lateral resolution of 100 nm are fabricated using templates of thermoplastic polymers on gold layers on silicon as an etch mask. The transfer of stamp residues during CFL with these polymer templates is proven by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and AFM friction analysis. For poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), the presence of large amounts of silicon‐containing residues is found to compromise the processability of the resulting template in subsequent O2 reactive‐ion etching (RIE) treatment. The extent of silicon contamination is up to six times less for polystyrene (PS). At this level, the etch performance of the PS etch mask is not affected, as was the case for PMMA. Accurate downscaling of the lateral dimensions of the resulting metal patterns by several factors with respect to the dimensions of the PS etch mask is achieved by over‐etching of the gold. Overall, the results in this paper demonstrate the potential of CFL templates as tools for high‐resolution soft lithography.
Biologically Active Molecules with a “Light Switch”
Authors: Mayer Günter , Heckel Alexander 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBiologically active compounds which are light‐responsive offer experimental possibilities which are otherwise very difficult to achieve. Since light can be manipulated very precisely, for example, with lasers and microscopes rapid jumps in concentration of the active form of molecules are possible with exact control of the area, time, and dosage. The development of such strategies started in the 1970s. This review summarizes new developments of the last five years and deals with “small molecules”, proteins, and nucleic acids which can either be irreversibly activated with light (these compounds are referred to as “caged compounds”) or reversibly switched between an active and an inactive state.
Contribution to the study of binaries with spectral types F, G, K, and M – XI. Orbital elements of three red‐giant spectroscopic binaries: HR 1304, HR 1908, and HD 126947
Authors: Prieur J.‐L. , Carquillat J.‐M. , Griffin R. F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe orbital elements of three red‐giant single‐lined spectroscopic binaries, HR 1304, HR 1908 and HD 126947, are presented. They are obtained from observations made with two photoelectric spectrometers of CORAVEL type, the first located at the Observatoire de Haute‐Provence and the second at the Cambridge Observatories. HR 1304 and HR 1908 are known to be chromospherically active stars and to have high spatial velocities; HD 126947 is an intrinsic variable newly detected by Hipparcos. The three systems have long orbital periods: 1.9, 3.2 and 7.7 yr for HR 1304, HR 1908 and HD 126947, respectively. From the orbital elements that we determined and other data available in the literature, we deduce some information about the unseen companions and their separations with respect to the primaries. Finally we discuss the rotation–revolution synchronism and conclude that one star, HR 1908, may have reached the state of pseudo‐synchronism, despite of its long orbital period. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)