bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of aliphatic delta‐lactones or their precursors in animal fats
Authors: Dimick P. S. , Patton S. , Kinsella J. E. , Walker N. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractData are presented to show the occurrence of saturated aliphatic delta lactones, namely the δ‐C10, δ‐C12, δ‐C14, and δ‐C16, in numerous ruminant and monogastric animal fats. These trace components were isolated by silicic acid adsorption chromatography followed by identification employing gas chromatography. The general prevalence of the delta‐lactones or their precursors in animal depot fat, mammary tissue, blood serum lipids and milk fat is suggestive that they occur commonly in animal fats and are related to lipid metabolism.
Fatty acids in phospholipids isolated from human red cells
Authors: Williams J. H. , Kuchmak M. , Witter R. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTotal lipids of packed erythrocytes from healthy men 22 to 25 years old were extracted with chloroform‐methanol mixture. Phospholipid classes were separated from neutral lipids and pigments on a silicic acid column. Phosphatidyl inositol (PI) was freed of its contaminants phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidyl serine (PS) on an aluminum oxide column. Additional silicic acid columns with modified solvent systems were needed for complete separation of other overlapped phospholipid classes. The identification of phospholipids in each eluted fraction was accomplished by TLC, using the appropriate spray tests and reference compounds, and confirmed on each of the isolated phospholipids by IR spectrophotometry.The total content of phospholipids as determined by phosphorus analysis was found to be 2.63 mg/ml of packed cells. These phospholipids were found to have the following composition (in per cent of total phospholipid): PI, 2.3; PE, 13.4; ethanolamine plasmalogen (EP), 14.5; PS, 3.9; lecithin (L), 34.2; choline plasmalogen (CP), 1.4; sphingomyelin (Sph), 28.4 and lysolecithin (LL), 1.7. The fatty acid composition of each phospholipid was determined by GLC. The average number of double bonds per fatty acid in the isolated phospholipids was found to be as follows: PI, 1.5; PE, 1.9; EP, 3.6; PS, 2.1; L, 1.0; CP, 2.0; Sph, 0.2 and LL, 0.5. The positional distribution of fatty acids in both L and PE was ascertained by selective enzymatic hydrolysis with phospholipase A. Saturated fatty acids of L were esterified predominantly in the α′‐position, whereas in PE only 63.9 mole per cent of the saturated fatty acids were found in this position.
Fatty acid relationship in an aquatic food chain
Authors: Jezyk Peter F. , Penicnak A. John 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe relationships amongst the fatty acids of the lipids from members of a model aquatic food chain were examined. The basic pattern of the fatty acids in the members, algae‐brine shrimp‐hydra, originated in the phytoplankton. Fatty acids in the neutral lipids of adult brine shrimp,Artemia salina, closely resembled dietary, or algal, fatty acids, whereas the phospholipid acids differed considerably from those in the algae. Fatty acids from the total lipids ofHydra pseudoligactis fed brine shimp nauplii also resembled the dietary acids, but more C20 polyunsaturates and fewer C18 unsaturated acids were present in those raised at 10C than were found at 20C.
The behavior of glyceride‐fatty acid mixtures in bile salt solution: Studies by gel filtration
Authors: Feldman Elaine Bossak , Borgström Bengt 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBile salt lipid emulsions were prepared which simulated the emulsified oil‐micellar phase system of the small intestinal content during fat digestion.Application of such emulsions to gel columns prepared and eluted with 6 mM sodium taurodeoxycholate separated an emulsion phase and a micellar phase. The distribution of lipid solutes into the two phases under these conditions was measured.Micellar dimensions were larger as lipid concentrations were increased. Inclusion of multiple lipid classes resulted in larger micellar particles.Monoglyceride and fatty acids were eluted completely in the micellar phase under these conditions. Minimal measurable amounts of triolein were recovered in micellar solution. This was confirmed by extraction, chromatographic separation and quantitative analysis. As diolein concentration was increased, less was recovered in the micellar phase. When monoglyceride was added, more diolein entered the micellar phase. Addition of triglyceride enhanced the distribution of diolein into the emulsion phase.
A micromethod for the stereospecific determination of triglyceride structure
Authors: Lands William E. M. , Pieringer Ronald A. , Slakey Sister P. M. , Zschocke Albrecht 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTriglyceride lipase and diglyceride kinase can be used in a sensitive stereospecific analysis of the separate fatty acid compositions at the 1, 2 and 3 positions of a triglyceride.Diglyceride kinase fromEscherichia coli selectively catalyzes the phosphorylation of 1,2‐diglycerides but not the 2,3‐diglycerides.The composition of the 3‐position in rat liver triglycerides is clearly different from that at the 1‐position.
Fatty acid biosynthesis by avocado pear
Authors: Harwood J. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFatty acid synthesis in the avocado (Persea americana) mesocarp is due to three immunologically distinct enzyme systems. The plastid membranes synthesize a mixture of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids. The plastid stroma, on the other hand, contains only palmitate elongase and cytoplasm only fatty acid synthetase. The elongation of palmitate requires malonyl CoA and is sensitive to arsenite inhibition.
Effect of long and medium chain length lipids upon aqueous solubility of α‐tocopherol
Authors: Takahashi Y. I. , Underwood Barbara A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe efficiency by which α‐tocopherol is solubilized in vitro into mixed bile salt micelles containing different lipids was studied. Alterations in solubility due to addition to the incubation media of triglyceride, free fatty acid, monoglyceride, and lecithin of either long or medium chain length were examined. Results are expressed as a partition ratio between a micellar and an oil phase. The triglyceride of both long and medium chain length fatty acids greatly decreased the solubility of α‐tocopherol in bile salt solutions. When added singly, monoglyceride and lecithin of long chain length fatty acids increased the α‐tocopherol solubilized four‐ to fivefold; fatty acids of either chain length and medium chain monoglyceride when added singly had no significant effect upon the tocopherol solubilized. An additive effect was observed when a combination of long chain monoglyceride and lecithin was added. Addition of fatty acid to this combination, however, significantly decreased the α‐tocopherol solubility into the micellar phase. Although the solubility of α‐tocopherol was increased by all combinations of medium chain length polar lipids, except the fatty acid‐monoglyceride pair, the effect was three to seven times less than for the corresponding long chain mixture.
Ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids to α‐tocopherol in tissues of rats fed corn or soybean oils
Authors: Evarts R. Poukka , Bieri J. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis study was part of a larger experiment designed to assess the vitamin E adequacy of corn and soybean oils in relation to their polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Young male rats were fed a semipurified diet containing 20% corn or soybean oil and adequate selenium. After 8 and 12 weeks, animals were sacrificed, and 7 tissues analyzed for α‐ and γ‐tocopherols and for fatty acids. Calculations were made of the molar ratios of total polyunsaturated fatty acids/α‐tocopherol, and also of all polyunsaturated fatty acids, except linoleate, designated polyunsaturated fatty acids>18∶2, to α‐tocopherol. It is proposed that the latter ratio may have more significance, physiologically, than when linoleic acid also is considered. Tissues from rats fed corn oil had slightly more favorable (lower) ratios than did tissues from rats fed soybean oil. In both groups, the molar polyunsaturated fatty acids>18∶2/α‐tocopherol ratio was lowest for heart and lung, intermediate for muscle and testis, and highest for liver, kidney, and adipose tissue. Since both corn and soybean oils provide adequate vitamin E as determined by several biochemical and physiological parameters, adequate molar ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids>18∶2/α‐tocopherol were: lung, 400; heart and leg muscles, 700; testis, 1100; liver and kidney, 1500–2000; and adipose tissue, 2000.
Trace constituents in milk fat: Isolation and identification of oxofatty acids
Authors: Weihrauch J. L. , Brewington C. R. , Schwartz D. P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCa. 1% of the glycerides of milk fat contain oxofatty acids. The isolation, fractionation, and characterization of oxofatty acids were accomplished using the following sequence of steps: (A) transmethylation, (B) conversion into 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazones, (C) adsorption of the 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazones on magnesium oxide to eliminate the colorless lipid, (D) fractionation of the 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazones into non‐oxofatty acid and oxofatty acid fractions on alumina, (E) separation of the oxofatty acid 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazones into saturated and unsaturated classes by argentation column chromatography, (F) separation of these classes by chain length using liquid‐liquid column and thin layer partition chromatography, (G) resolution of positional isomers by thin layer chromatography, (H) regeneration of the positional isomer 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazones, and (I) analysis of the parent oxofatty acids by gas liquid chromatographymass spectrometry. In this manner, 36 saturated and 11 unsaturated oxofatty acids were identified tentatively or positively. The saturated oxofatty acids ranged in chain length from C10–C24, predominantly C18and C16, and generally contained an even number of carbon atoms. The unsaturated oxofatty acids ranged from C14–C18, with C18predominating.
Preparation of fully deuterated fatty acids by simple method
Authors: Hsiao C. Y. Y. , Ottaway C. A. , Wetlaufer D. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn economical, simple, efficient system of deuterating saturated fatty acids at atmospheric pressure has been developed. Exchange is carried out between fatty acids and deuterium gas over palladium on charcoal catalyst at 195 C. The method was applied to even membered fatty acids containing from 6–14 carbon atoms. The method yielded perdeuterated fatty acids of high isotopic purity with no evidence of other reaction products.
Analysis of sterol fractions from twenty vegetable oils
Authors: Jeong Tae Myoung , Itoh Toshihiro , Tamura Toshitake , Matsumoto Taro 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe unsaponifiables separated from 20 vegetable oils were divided into sterol and three other (less polar compound, triterpene alcohol, and 4‐methylsterol) fractions by preparative thin layer chromatography. The amounts of the sterol fractions were more than ca. 30% in the unsaponifiables from all of the oils, except tohaku, pumpkin seed, and fagara seed oils. Composition of the sterol fractions were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Individual components of the sterol fractions were identified by gas liquid chromatography and combined gas liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. β‐Sitosterol was found as the most predominant component in the sterol fractions from all oils, except two, i.e. the sterol fraction from pumpkin seed oil contained no detectable amount of β‐sitosterol and the sterol fraction from akamegashiwa oil contained Δ5‐avenasterol as the most abundant component. Campesterol, stigmasterol, Δ5‐avenasterol, Δ7‐stigmastenol, and Δ7‐avenasterol and also trace amounts (at the very least) of cholesterol and brassicasterol were found in most of the oils analyzed. It may be noted that a large amount (ca. 9%) of cholesterol was detected in the sterol fraction from capsicum seed oil. The presence of 24‐methylenecholesterol and Δ5‐avenasterol in the sterol fraction of akamegashiwa oil was demonstrated by isolation of these sterols.
Lack of dietary adaptation of intestinal 2‐monoglyceride acyl transferase
Authors: Rao G. Ananda , Abraham S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAcylation of 2‐monopalmitin with (1‐14C) palmityl‐coenzyme A was studied with microsomal fractions isolated from the intestinal mucosa of both hamsters and rats. Microsomes from hamster intestinal mucosa yielded equal molar amounts of 1,2‐diglycerides and triglycerides, while those from rats synthesized more 1,2‐diglycerides (70%) than triglycerides (30%). Although the enzyme system from the hamster was almost twice as active (55 nmoles monoglyceride acylated/min/mg protein) as that from the rat (31 nmoles monoglyceride/acylated/min/mg protein), there was essentially no difference in the rates of acylation when animals were (A) fasted for 3 days, (B) fed a high fat diet (15% safflower oil), or (C) fed a high carbohydrate diet for 5 days.
Is there an entero‐hepatic circulation of the bile phospholipids?
Authors: Boucrot Philippe 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBile previously labeled with tritiated oleic acid (the main radioactivity was on bile phospholipids) was mixed with pure isolated phospholipids previously labeled with14C oleic acid; this mixture was perfused during 6 or 23 hr into the duodenum of test rats bearing a bile fistula. At the time of decapitation, in the small intestine a large hydrolysis of the14C phospholipids was found. In contrast no bile phospholipid hydrolysis was observed. In the collected bile samples of the test rats, no14C could be detected (this means a very large decrease of the14C fatty acids specific activities by the body fatty acids), and the tritiated fatty acids specific activities were only 2.5–12 times lower than in the perfused bile. These results can be explained, assuming that the bile phospholipids enter in an entero‐hepatic circulation and are preserved from the dilution in a large pool of lipids.
Ring position in cyclopropene fatty acids and stearic acid desaturation in hen liver
Authors: Fogerty A. C. , Johnson A. R. , Pearson J. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFour cyclopropene fatty acids, having the double bond of the cyclopropene ring at the 8,9, 9,10, 10,11 and 11,12 positions, respectively, were tested as inhibitors of stearic acid desaturation by the desaturase enzyme system of hen liver. The first three were powerful inhibitors, but the last was not. The cyclopropene acids with the 9,10 and 10,11 double bonds were equally strong inhibitors, while the acid with the 8,9 double bond was less effective. To account for the specificity of those cyclopropene fatty acids in which the C9 or C10 carbon atom is included in the cyclopropene ring, it is suggested that the conformation and structure of the CoA derivatives of these acids is such that they can irreversibly occupy the site on the enzyme responsible for 9,10‐desaturation.
Lipids ofCrassostrea virginica. I. Preliminary investigations of aldehyde and phosphorous containing lipids in oyster tissue
Authors: Sampugna Joseph , Johnson Leslye , Bachman Kermit , Keeney Mark 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOyster tissue contained 2.4% lipid, 0.14 μmole aldehyde per milligram lipid and at least 10 μg phosphorous per milligram lipid. The neutral lipid represented 58%, the glycolipid 6%, and the polar lipid 36% of the total lipid recovered after silicic acid column chromatography. Aldehydes were found in all fractions, but the presence of plasmalogen was verified in only the neutral and polar lipid fractions. At least 68% of the plasmalogen in oyster lipid was found in the polar lipid fraction. At least 13% of the phosphorous in oyster lipids was present as phosphonolipid. The distribution of phosphate and phosphonate lipids was: diacyl phospholipid 38.1%, plasmalogen phospholipid 21.8%, sphingophosphonolipid 13.5%, glyceryl ether phospholipid 8.3%, sphingophospholipid 6.9%, plasmalogen phosphonolipid 6.4%, diacyl phosphonolipid 2.6%, and glyceryl ether phosphonolipid 2.4%. When the per cent of phosphorous as phosphonolipid within the plasmalogen and glyceryl ether classes was calculated, similar values were obtained. These results support the hypothesis that there is a product precursor relationship between these two classes of lipids.
Formation of lymph chylomicron phosphatidylcholines in the rat during the absorption of safflower oil or triolein
Authors: Arvidson G. A. E. , Nilsson Å. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe chylomicron phosphatidylcholines from rats fed safflower oil or triolein were isolated and separated into four different fractions according to the degree of unsaturation. Fraction 1, which was rich in palmitic, stearic and oleic acid, was a minor fraction (7.6–11.6 mole%) during the absorption of safflower oil, but was quantitatively important (27–51 mole%) after triolein feeding when significant amounts of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine were present. Fraction 2, which was a major fraction in all the experiments, contained linoleic acid in combination with a saturated or monounsaturated fatty acid. The third fraction contained mainly linoleic acid and was present only after safflower oil feeding. This indicates that dilinoleoyl‐phosphatidylcholine is formed in the intestine after ingestion of linoleic acid. Fraction 4, which was rich in arachidonic acid and saturated fatty acids, accounted for 15–20 mole% of the chylomicron phosphatidylcholines with both kinds of fat meals. Incorporation of3H‐choline indicated that the dilinoleoyl‐ and dioleoyl‐phosphatidylcholines were formed by synthesis de novo while the majority of the rem aining phosphatidylcholines originated partly from acylated biliary lysolecithins and partly from the existing pool of mucosal phospholipids not formed during active fat absorption.
Thetrans‐3‐enoic acids ofGrindelia oxylepis seed oil
Authors: Kleiman R. , Earle F. R. , Wolff I. A. 
Published: November 2006

Abstracttrans‐3‐Hexadecenoic acid (14%) and the previously unreportedtrans‐3‐octadecenoic acid (2%) have been identified in seed oil ofGrindelia oxylepis Greene, Compositae. Evidence was also found for the existence of other acids withtrans‐3 unsaturation.
Low temperature direct methylation of lipids in biological materials
Authors: Dugan L. R. , McGinnis Gertrude W. , Vadehra D. V. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe procedure for low temperature methylation of fatty acids in lipids by sulfuric acid‐methanol has been adapted to direct methylation of fatty acids of lipids in biological materials without prior extraction of the lipids. Successful application requires a solution or a suspension of fine particles of the lipid bearing material in ether. Concentrated sulfuric acid is added to the solution or suspension at low temperatures followed by addition of absolute methanol. The acid is neutralized by methanolic KOH and the esters extracted. Application of the method to prepare methyl esters of lipids in cream, blood serum, swine liver and kidney tissue, and cells of yeast onStaphylococcus aureus show that fatty acid composition based on this method compares with that determined by methylation of extracted lipids.
The occurrence of methyl methoxystearate isomers in the methyl esters prepared from sheep perinephric fat
Authors: Hansen R. P. , Smith J. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA fraction has been isolated from sheep perinephric fat and identified by techniques which included mass and infrared spectrometry, as a mixture of the 8 to 14‐methoxyoctadecanoic acid isomers. It is postulated that these isomers are artifacts produced by rigorous esterification with methanol and concentrated H2SO4 of a large sample of sheep perinephric fatty acids which are presumed to have contained trace amounts of constituent hydroxy fatty acids. It is estimated that these methoxystearic acid isomers represented approximately 0.08% of the total weight of fatty acids.
Compositional variation in seed oils of theCrepis genus
Authors: Earle F. R. , Barclay A. S. , Wolff I. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSeed oils from eight species of the genusCrepis (family Compositae) fall into three groups differing in chemical composition. Besides conventional fatty acids the oils contain either vernolic acid (47–68%), crepenynic (36–65%), or both (18–35% vernolic and 7–11% crepenynic). Within any one section of the genus, the oils are chemically similar, among the limited groups of samples examined.
Identification and distribution of epoxyacyl groups in new, natural epoxy oils
Authors: Tallent W. H. , Cope Diana G. , Hagemann J. W. , Earle F. R. , Wolff I. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNew high‐epoxy vegetable oils from nine species representing three plant families and four genera have been investigated. The epoxyacyl moiety in at least one oil from each genus was characterized and shown to be the (+)‐vernoloyl (cis‐12,13‐epoxy‐cis‐9‐octadecenoyl) group. Intraglyceride distribution studies revealed a general preference of the (+)‐vernoloyl groups for the β‐position of triglyceride molecules. Interglyceride distribution of (+)‐vernoloyl groups was studied in three oils and found not to agree with predictions based on either 1,2,3‐random or 1,3‐random‐2‐random distribution. A striking exception to the general intraglyceride distribution pattern was discovered in the monoepoxy triglyceride fraction fromEuphorbia lagascae seed oil.
Isomeric monoethylenic fatty acids in herring oil
Authors: Ackman R. G. , Castell John D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMonoethylenic fatty acids from herring oil were concentrated by chromatography by chromatography on silver nitratesilicic acid columns. Examination of consecutive fractions by open tubular gas chromatography confirmed the preferential elution of longer chain length esters and of esters within one chain length with the double bond closer to the terminal methyl group. Isomeric monoethylenic fatty acids with double bonds in the positions closer to the carboxyl group than the approximate midpoint of the even‐numbered fatty acid chains could not be adequately separated by gas chromatography and were determined by ozonolysis. The isomers observed are consistent with primary formation from saturated acids through the action of an enzyme specifically removing hydrogen atoms in positions Δ9 and Δ10 relative to the carboxyl group. Chain extension of particular monoethylenic isomers by two carbon atoms in the C20 and longer chain lengths is apparently influenced by the position of the double bond.
Thermal reactions of methyl linoleate. I. Heating conditions, isolation techniques, biological studies and chemical changes
Authors: Michael W. R. , Alexander J. Craig , Artman Neil R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMethyl linoleate, diluted with an equal weight of methyl laurate, was heated without exclusion of air at 200C for 200 hours. The reaction mixture was separated by means of molecular distillation, urea adduction, column chromatography, and gas chromatography. Cyclic and aromatic materials were detected in the nonurea adductable monomer fractions. The dimer was separated into polar and nonpolar fractions. Analytical data for the nonpolar dimer are consistent with a cyclic Diels‐Alder product. Bioassays showed the nonadductable monomer, the polar dimer, and a fraction of intermediate boiling point to be toxic when administered to weanling male rats. Urea‐adductable fractions, nonpolar dimer, and polymer were not toxic. The concentrations of the toxic components were so low that the heated linoleate, before fractionation but after removal of the laurate, was not toxic.