bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal evaluation of nutritional benefits of two fish species in the eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Patrick Saoud Imad , Batal Malek , Ghanawi Joly , Lebbos Nada 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFish are a good nutritional source of proteins, essential fatty acids and minerals. Societies with high fish intake have lower rates of acute myocardial infarctions and atherosclerosis, better cognitive functions, and better neural and visual development in foetuses. In the present work, we evaluated seasonal variation in proximate composition of two commercial fish species, the rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus, an algaevore, and the white sea bream Diplodus sargus, a carnivore from the eastern Mediterranean. Fifteen fish were collected on the second weekend of each of 8 months covering the four seasons. Results show that the nutritive value of a species of fish varies throughout the year. Furthermore, rabbitfish tissue generally contains more lipids than white sea bream, and fillet yield from rabbitfish is greater than from sea bream. As both fish are sold at a similar price in Lebanese markets, results suggest that rabbitfish offers better value for the price than does white sea bream.
Meat waste treatment methods and potential uses
Authors: Arvanitoyannis Ioannis S. , Ladas Demetrios 
Published: January 2008

SummaryMeat waste management has been and continues to be one of the most important issues related to pollution management. This was due to the high concentration of meat waste materials like blood, hair, tail, horns and bones, among others that have to be thoroughly and effectively treated prior to their disposal. Methods like aerobic and anaerobic digestion [mesophilic or thermophilic temperatures, composting (windrows, aerated static piles and bins or aerated chambers)] are currently extensively used. Nowadays, the emphasis is on reusing the so‐called waste materials for production processes, i.e. meat and bone meal. The latter was widely recommended and used in animal nutrition as a protein source in place of proteinaceous feeds. However, this approach greatly suffered from Small Bowel Enteroclysis (SBE) occurrence and micro‐organism presence. Heavy metal absorption by means of charred bones appears to be one of the most promising applications of bones apart from other use for production of edible materials. The aim of this review was to summarise most updated references in the field of meat waste treatment and potential uses of treated waste by means of nine informative tables and six figures.
Effect of cooling conditions on separation of volatile compounds in grappa using tray and packed columns without reflux
Authors: Da Porto Carla , Decorti Deborha 
Published: January 2008

SummaryMarcs were distilled using an industrial batch distillation plant. The performance of a tray column and a packed column without reflux were studied under different conditions of vapour cooling obtained by changing the water flow rates (100–350 L h−1). The temperature of cooling water was +12 °C. With this kind of plant the cooling conditions normally used for producing grappa in the tray column is a water flow of 200 L h−1 and 250 L h−1 in the packed column. Each distillate was collected in fractions and analysed for ethanol, lower volatile alcohols and esters. The results show that the tray column under a water flow rate of 200 L h−1 has a strong rectification effect on the volatile compounds and it has a significant decrease in separation efficiency at 300 L h−1. Instead, the packed column is poorly affected by the change of the water flow rates from 150 to 350 L h−1 and a distillate very rich of volatile compounds can be obtained. It was concluded that in order to maintain the classical method of grappa production, which consists in cutting the initial and the final fractions of distillate, the packed column is the most suitable.
Use of sunflower oil mixed with jojoba and paraffin oils in deep‐fat frying process
Authors: Farag Radwan S. , Farag Mostafa M. , Ali Rehab F.M. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to increase the stability of sunflower oil during frying process and to obtain low‐calorie fried foods. Therefore, sunflower oil was mixed separately with jojoba oil and paraffin oil at ratios of 9:1 and 8:2 (v/v). The frying process was conducted at 180 ° ± 5 °C for 12 h continuous heating time. Some physico‐chemical properties (refractive index, viscosity, colour, acid value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid test, iodine value and polymer content) of non‐fried and binary fried oil systems were measured at various heating periods. The results demonstrated that mixing sunflower oil with jojoba oil or paraffin oil increased the stability and hence improved the quality of sunflower oil during frying process.
Genetic divergences pre‐date Pleistocene glacial cycles in the New Zealand speckled skink, Oligosoma infrapunctatum
Authors: Greaves Stephanie N. J. , Chapple David G. , Daugherty Charles H. , Gleeson Dianne M. , Ritchie Peter A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAim  To examine the hypothesis raised by Graham S. Hardy that Pleistocene glacial cycles suffice to explain divergence among lineages within the endemic New Zealand speckled skink, Oligosoma infrapunctatum Boulenger.Location  Populations were sampled from across the entire range of the species, on the North and South Islands of New Zealand.Methods  We sequenced the mitochondrial genes ND2 (550 bp), ND4 + tRNAs (773 bp) and cytochrome b (610 bp) of 45 individuals from 21 locations. Maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. The Shimodaira–Hasegawa test was used to examine hypotheses about the taxonomic status of morphologically distinctive populations.Results  Our analysis revealed four strongly supported clades within O. infrapunctatum. Clades were largely allopatric, except on the west coast of the South Island, where representatives from all four clades were found. Divergences among lineages within the species were extremely deep, reaching over 5%. Two contrasting phylogeographical patterns are evident within O. infrapunctatum.Main conclusions  The deep genetic divisions we found suggest that O. infrapunctatum is a complex of cryptic species which diverged in the Pliocene, contrary to the existing Pleistocene‐based hypothesis. Although Pleistocene glacial cycles do not underlie major divergences within this species, they may be responsible for the shallower phylogeographical patterns that are found within O. infrapunctatum, which include a radiation of haplotypes in the Nelson and Westland regions.
Mollusc diversity patterns in Central European fens: hotspots and conservation priorities
Authors: Horsák Michal , Cernohorsky Nicole 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAim To assess mollusc species composition and diversity patterns of treeless fen sites and to find simple environmental parameters that characterize diversity hotspots and priority sites for conservation.Location Western Carpathian Mountains, Europe.Methods Mollusc communities were sampled quantitatively from a homogeneous area of 16 m2in the central part of each of 145 treeless fen sites. Water conductivity and pH, geographical coordinates, altitude and habitat size of the sites studied, mean annual rainfall, mean annual temperature and mean January temperature were compiled for each plot. Nestedness in species composition was tested using thebinmatnestprogram to confirm the ‘nested habitat‐quality hypothesis’. Patterns in species diversity were analysed using the regression trees method to isolate the main predictors of species diversity.Results Nested subset patterns of species composition were found along the gradient of mineral richness. Species distribution was highly nested (Tobs = 11.21,P << 0.001) in mineral‐poor sites (with water conductivity < 300 μS cm−1,n = 42) and was highly correlated with the site’s mineral richness (rs = 0.76,P << 0.001). By contrast, species distribution and richness of mineral‐rich sites (c.≥ 300 μS cm−1,n = 103) were not controlled by mineral richness. Variation in species richness was further explained by January temperature, landscape geomorphology, and total habitat area. The southern mineral‐rich low altitude fens were the most species rich, especially those of larger total area (23 species on average). These 24 sites (17% of all sites) harboured 90% of all recorded species, including all highly endangered ones. Mineral‐rich fens in montane valleys were the second most important group because they hosted the majority of populations of two rare glacial relict species (Vertigo geyeriandPupilla alpicola).Main conclusions The significant nestedness raises the possibility of conserving the whole fen‐mollusc species pool within the most species‐rich sites. Thus, to select the conservation priority sites, easily available site characteristics for the prediction of species richness are needed. This knowledge can help us maintain fen biodiversity, which has become closely dependent on conservation management practices after the cessation of traditional mowing of fens for haymaking.
A comparison of trapping methods for Tabanidae (Diptera) in North Queensland, Australia
Authors: VAN HENNEKELER K. , JONES R. E. , SKERRATT L. F. , FITZPATRICK L. A. , REID S. A. , BELLIS G. A. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract The ability to monitor the abundance and diversity of tabanid flies over wide areas requires effective and low‐cost surveillance methods. Such monitoring activities help to quantify the risk of transmission of pathogens by tabanids. Here we examine the effectiveness and practicality of two types of trap (canopy traps and Nzi traps) and two types of attractant (octenol and carbon dioxide) for monitoring tabanid flies in tropical Australia. The Nzi trap consistently caught more tabanids and more species of tabanids than the canopy trap. It was also more robust and therefore required less maintenance in remote locations.The use of attractants substantially increased capture rates, both of individuals and species, and traps using both attractants were consistently the most effective. However, in remote locations, where it is not possible to check traps frequently, the use of attractants may not be feasible. When attractants were not used, the canopy trap caught very few tabanids, but the Nzi trap remained effective enough to be useful as a monitoring device. In addition, the number of tabanid species caught by the Nzi traps remained high, and included those that were most abundant. We therefore conclude that, in this region, Nzi traps are preferable for tabanid monitoring and that attractants greatly improve their effectiveness. However, for longterm monitoring, especially in remote locations, Nzi traps without attractants are a satisfactory option.
Modelling environmental controls on ecosystem photosynthesis and the carbon isotope composition of ecosystem‐respired CO2 in a coastal Douglas‐fir forest
Authors: CAI TIEBO , FLANAGAN LAWRENCE B. , JASSAL RACHHPAL S. , BLACK T. ANDREW 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTWe developed and applied an ecosystem‐scale model that calculated leaf CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, chloroplast CO2 concentration and the carbon isotope composition of carbohydrate formed during photosynthesis separately for sunlit and shaded leaves within multiple canopy layers. The ecosystem photosynthesis model was validated by comparison to leaf‐level gas exchange measurements and estimates of ecosystem‐scale photosynthesis from eddy covariance measurements made in a coastal Douglas‐fir forest on Vancouver Island. A good agreement was also observed between modelled and measured δ13C values of ecosystem‐respired CO2 (δR). The modelled δR values showed strong responses to variation in photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), air temperature, vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and available soil moisture in a manner consistent with leaf‐level studies of photosynthetic 13C discrimination. Sensitivity tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of (1) changes in the lag between the time of CO2 fixation and the conversion of organic matter back to CO2; (2) shifts in the proportion of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration; (3) isotope fractionation during respiration; and (4) environmentally induced changes in mesophyll conductance, on modelled δR values. Our results indicated that δR is a good proxy for canopy‐level Cc/Ca and 13C discrimination during photosynthetic gas exchange, and therefore has several applications in ecosystem physiology.
Horizontal and vertical variations in sedimentation and resuspension rates in a stratifying lake – effects of internal seiches
Authors: HORPPILA JUKKA , NIEMISTÖ JUHA 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe temporal and spatial variations in the rate of sedimentation and sediment resuspension in Lake Rehtijärvi (southern Finland) were studied by sediment traps deployed in the stratifying and non‐stratifying regions of the lake. Both the gross sedimentation rate and the resuspension rate recorded by near‐bottom traps were significantly higher in the stratifying region (>20 m depth) than in the shallow part of the lake (2 m depth). These rate changes were caused by temporarily elevated hypolimnetic resuspension rates exceeding 40 g dry weight m−2 day−1 in July 2005, whereas in the shallow station no such peak was observed and the resuspension rate remained below 30 g dry weight m−2 day−1 throughout the study. The elevated resuspension rate in the hypolimnion could not be attributed to surface wave action or sediment disturbance by fish, but was due to the occurrence of internal seiches. The seiche amplitude was on average the highest in July, although the wind velocities were low; this was because winds temporarily were blowing along the longitudinal axis of the lake. Due to the steep slopes, the sediments of Lake Rehtijärvi are prone to redistribution and sediment focusing towards the accumulation areas also affected trap catches in the deep stations.
An active haemovigilance programme characterizing the safety profile of 7437 platelet transfusions prepared with amotosalen photochemical treatment
Authors: Osselaer J. C. , Cazenave J. P. , Lambermont M. , Garraud O. , Hidajat M. , Barbolla L. , Tardivel R. , Defoin L. , Waller C. , Mendel I. , Raidot J. P. , Kandel G. , De Meuter R. , Fabrigli P. , Dehenau D. , Arroyo J. L. , Padrón F. , Gouezec H. , Corral M. , Jacquet M. , Sundin D. , Lin L. , Corash L. 
Published: January 2008

Background  An active haemovigilance programme was implemented to survey adverse events (AE) associated with transfusion of platelets photochemically treated with amotosalen and ultraviolet A (PCT‐PLT). The results of 5106 transfusions have already been reported. Here we report the results of an additional 7437 PCT‐PLT transfusions.Methods  The focus of this ongoing haemovigilance programme is to document all AEs associated with PCT‐PLT transfusion. Data collected for AEs include: time of event after starting transfusion, clinical descriptions, vital signs, results from radiographs and bacterial cultures, event severity (Grade 0–4) and causal relationship to PCT‐PLT transfusion.Results  One thousand four hundred patients (mean 60 years, range 1–96) received PCT‐PLT transfusions. The majority of the patients (53·4%) had haematology–oncology diseases and required conventional chemotherapy (44·8%) or stem cell transplantation (8·6%). Sixty‐eight PCT‐PLT transfusions were associated with AE. Acute transfusion reactions (ATR), classified as an AE possibly related, probably related, or related to PCT‐PLT transfusions were infrequent (n = 55, 55/7437 = 0·7%) and most were of Grade 1 severity. Thirty‐nine patients (39/1400 = 2·8%) experienced one or more ATRs. The most frequently reported signs/symptoms were chills, fever, urticaria, dyspnoea, nausea and vomiting. Five AEs were considered severe (≥ Grade 2); however, no causal relationship to PCT‐PLT transfusion was found. Repeated exposure to PCT‐PLT did not increase the likelihood of an ATR. No cases of transfusion‐related acute lung injury and no deaths due to PCT‐PLT transfusions were reported.Conclusions  Routine transfusion of PCT‐PLT is well‐tolerated in a wide range of patients. ATRs related to PCT‐PLT transfusion were infrequent and most were of mild severity.
Expression and Distribution of Intermediate‐filament Proteins and Laminin during the Development of the Bovine Müllerian Duct
Authors: Kenngott R. A.‐M. , Sinowatz F. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe expression pattern of several intermediate‐filament proteins (vimentin, cytokeratin 8, 18 and19) and the basal lamina component laminin was investigated in the Wolffian and the Müllerian ducts of bovine embryos and fetuses. The material studied comprised sexually undifferentiated stages [crown‐rump length (CRL) 0.9 cm/1.0 cm/1.2 cm/1.9 cm/2.5 cm] and female stages (CRL 3.0 cm/4.2 cm/5.1 cm). Laminin could be demonstrated in the basal lamina of the developing Wolffian and Müllerian duct as well as in the stroma surrounding the Müllerian duct. The intermediate‐filament protein vimentin was expressed in the mesothelium of the funnel field and in the epithelium of the Müllerian duct in all studied specimens, whereas the epithelial cells of the Wolffian duct only showed vimentin expression from a CRL of 2.2 cm onwards. In the cranial part of the Müllerian ducts only a few cells stained with pan‐cytokeratin antibodies, whereas mesothelium and epithelium of the Wolffian duct showed as distinct immunostaining in all investigated stages. Both genital ducts showed no immunostaining with the antibody against cytokeratin 19 at any time of development. We conclude from our immunohistochemical results that the epithelial cells of the Wollfian duct do not contribute cells to the developing Müllerian duct.
Comparison of different models for estimation of genetic parameters of early growth traits in the Mehraban sheep
Authors: Zamani P. , Mohammadi H. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryGenetic parameters for birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and pre‐weaning daily gain (PWDG) in Iranian Mehraban sheep were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure. Six different animal models were fitted, differentiated by including or excluding maternal effects, with and without covariance between maternal and direct genetic effects. The estimates for direct heritability ranged from 0.26 to 0.53, 0.18 to 0.32 and 0.15 to 0.33 for BW, WW and PWDG respectively. The estimates were substantially higher when maternal effects, either genetic or environmental, were ignored in the model. The results of this study show that full models with maternal genetic and environmental effects gave the most accurate estimates for early growth traits.
Introgressing multiple QTL in breeding programmes of limited size
Authors: Piyasatian N. , Fernando R.L. , Dekkers J.C.M. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe ability to enrich a breed with favourable alleles from multiple unlinked quantitative trait loci (QTL) of a donor breed through marker‐assisted introgression (MAI) in a population of limited size was evaluated by considering the effects of the proportion selected, the size of the marker intervals, the number of introgressed QTL and the uncertainty of QTL position. Informative flanking markers were used to select progeny with the largest expected number of donor QTL alleles over five generations of backcrossing and five generations of intercrossing. In the backcrossing phase, with 5% selected and 20 cM marker intervals for three QTL, there were sufficient backcross progeny that were heterozygous for all markers, and QTL frequencies dropped below 0.5 only because of double recombinants. For higher fractions selected, longer marker intervals, and more QTL, frequency reductions from 0.5 were greater and increased with additional generations of backcrossing. However, even with 20% selected, three QTL, and marker intervals of 5 or 20 cM, mean QTL frequencies in generation 5 were 0.35 and 0.30, sufficient to allow subsequent selection of QTL in the intercrossing phase. After five generations of intercrossing, over 90% of individuals were homozygous for all QTL, and 85% when five QTL were introgressed. The higher the proportions selected, the longer the marker intervals, and larger numbers of introgressed QTL increased the number of intercrossing generations required to achieve fixation of QTL. Location of the QTL in the marked intervals did not affect QTL frequencies or the proportion of QTL lost at the end of the introgression programme. In conclusion, introgressing multiple QTL can be accomplished in a MAI programme of limited size without requiring that all individuals selected during the backcrossing phase to be carriers of favourable alleles at all QTL.
Comparison of casein haplotypes between two geographically distant European dairy goat breeds
Authors: Finocchiaro R. , Hayes B.J. , Siwek M. , Spelman R.J. , Van Kaam J.B.C.H.M. , Ådnøy T. , Portolano B. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe aim of this paper was to characterize the diversity among haplotypes based on 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one deletion within four casein genes in two geographically distant goat populations, the Sicilian Girgentana breed and the Norwegian goat breed. Forty Girgentana goats were genotyped for the aforementioned polymorphisms and the resulting data set was compared with 436 goats from the Norwegian population previously genotyped for these markers. Several casein gene polymorphisms were not in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium either in Girgentana, or in the Norwegian breed. The SNP haplotype frequencies for the four casein genes were calculated and despite the large geographical distance and phenotypic divergence between these breeds, a proportion of casein loci haplotypes were found to be identical between both Norwegian and Girgentana goats. However, for the CSN2 gene there were no common haplotypes between the two populations. The level of linkage disequilibrium between the casein genes was less in the Girgentana population than in the Norwegian population.
Genetic evaluation of retail product percentage in Simmental cattle
Authors: Crews D.H. , Enns R.M. , Rumph J.M. , Pollak E.J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters required for genetic evaluation of retail product percentage (RPP) in Simmental cattle. Carcass weight (HCW), subcutaneous fat thickness (FAT), longissimus muscle area (REA) and kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH) records were available to compute RPP on steers (n = 5171) and heifers (n = 1400) from the American Simmental Association database; animals were sired by 561 Simmental bulls and out of 5886 crossbred dams. Genetic parameters were estimated using residual maximal likelihood and a four trait animal model for the components of RPP including fixed harvest contemporary group effects, random animal genetic effects, and a linear covariate for age at harvest. Heritability estimates were 0.51 ± 0.05, 0.36 ± 0.05, 0.46 ± 0.05, and 0.18 ± 0.05 for HCW, FAT, REA and KPH respectively. Non‐zero genetic correlations were estimated between HCW and REA (rg = 0.51 ± 0.06) and between REA and FAT (rg = −0.43 ± 0.08), but other genetic correlation estimates among the component traits were low. As a linear function of its components, heritability and genetic correlations involving RPP were estimated using index methods. The heritability estimate for RPP was 0.41, and genetic correlations were −0.17, −0.83, 0.67, and 0.01 with HCW, FAT, REA and KPH respectively. Therefore, RPP was strongly associated with muscle and fat deposition, but essentially independent of carcass weight and internal body cavity fat. Genetic evaluation of RPP would be straightforward using multiple trait index methods and genetic regression, although the inclusion of KPH would be of marginal value.