bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidural ondansetron is more effective to prevent postoperative pruritus and nausea than intravenous ondansetron in elective cesarean delivery
Authors: HAN DONG WOO , HONG SOON WON , KWON JA‐YOUNG , LEE JAE WOO , KIM KI JUN 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground. Postoperative pruritus, nausea, and vomiting are common side effects of intrathecal or epidural opioids. Intravenous ondansetron has been used for postoperative emesis. However, there are no reports regarding epidural ondansetron. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the prophylactic effects of epidural ondansetron for opioid‐induced pruritus, nausea, and vomiting. Methods. Neurotoxic signs were checked after epidural injection of ondansetron in rats. A clinical study was conducted to compare the prophylactic effects of epidural ondansetron with intravenous ondansetron for opioid‐induced pruritus, nausea, and vomiting in cesarean delivery. Results. No neurotoxic evidence was found in rats. The incidence of pruritus and nausea was significantly lower in the epidural ondansetron group than in the intravenous ondansetron group at 24 and 48 h postoperatively. Conclusions. Epidural ondansetron is more effective in preventing postoperative pruritus and nausea than intravenous ondansetron.
Attitudes to self‐sampling of vaginal smear for human papilloma virus analysis among women not attending organized cytological screening
Authors: WIKSTRÖM INGRID , STENVALL HARRIET , WILANDER ERIK 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground. The major problem with the cytological screening is the non‐optimal participation rate among women invited for cervical smear collection. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the attitudes of the non‐responding women to perform self‐sampling of vaginal smear at home as a method to increase the coverage of the screening and to examine the prevalence of high‐risk human papilloma virus (HPV) among the responding women. Methods. From the database of the Department of Cytology, University Hospital of Uppsala 198 women, aged 35‐55 years, who had not attended the organized gynaecological screening for over 6 years were identified. They were sent a letter of information about the study and one week later a self‐sampling device aimed to collect vaginal smear. The vaginal smear of the women responding to the offer of self‐sampling was analysed for high‐risk HPV using Hybrid Capture 2 method or polymerase chain reaction amplification of HPV DNA. All women in the study also received a questionnaire in order to investigate their attitudes towards self‐sampling as an alternative in the organized screening. Results. Of the 198 women 15 women had to be excluded. Fifty‐eight per cent of the women responded and collected vaginal smear at home and among them 7% were positive for high‐risk HPV. The questionnaire revealed no significant difference of age, country of birth and occupation or marital status, on using self‐sampling of vaginal smear at home. The attitudes among responding and non‐responding women differed. The responding women who contributed by sampling vaginal smear were more positive to self‐sampling of vaginal smear (p<0.01). Conclusions. Offering self‐sampling of vaginal smear in women not attending the organized cytological screening increases the coverage and identifies an additional group of women with an increased risk to develop cervical cancer. The attitude towards self‐sampling was mainly positive.
Regulation of amphiregulin, EGFR‐like factor expression by hCG in cultured human granulosa cells
Authors: NEGISHI H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground. It has long been suspected that the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and some of its putative ligands may play an important role in ovarian function. Amphiregulin (AR) is the growth factor with an EGF‐like motif, but its potential role in signalling in the ovary is still obscure. AR gene expression and its functional effect were evaluated in human granulosa cells from immature follicles. Method. Granulosa cells from immature follicles with early menstrual phase were cultured with or without 200 mIU/ml of FSH stimulation, following with or without 1 IU/ml of hCG. mRNA levels of AR and luteinising hormone replacement (LHR) were semi‐quantified using RT‐PCR. Progesterone (P) concentration in the medium was assayed. Results. LHR mRNA was expressed 48 h after FSH stimulation without AR mRNA expression. AR mRNA was expressed 1 h after hCG stimulation, and increased the intensity in 6 h. P biosynthesis was increased by AR in a dose‐dependent manner. AR mRNA was elevated by forskolin stimulation without FSH and hCG stimulation before LHR mRNA expression. When cultured with FSH for 15 h, followed by increasing doses of hCG stimulation for 6 h, the AR mRNA levels increased according to hCG concentration up to 1,000 mIU/ml. Conclusion. Occurrence of LHR gene expression following FSH stimulation was necessary for the AR gene expression in vivo, and the AR gene was induced by forskolin without LHR gene expression in vitro. P biosynthesis was stimulated, to some extent, by AR. This result suggests the differentiation effect of AR on granulosa cells. AR might be a mediator of LH signals before ovulation.
Infant mortality of very preterm infants by mode of delivery, institutional policies and maternal diagnosis
Authors: HÖGBERG U. , HOLMGREN P.A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective. The aim of this study was to analyse infant mortality among infants born extremely preterm in relation to mode of delivery, maternal diagnosis, and different institutional policies. Methods. We conducted a national tertiary health care center study using Swedish Medical Birth Register (MBR) data from 1990 to 2002, to examine the 2,094 live births of infants at 23+0 to 27+6 weeks gestation. We assessed the association between mode of delivery, gestational age (GA), calendar year, maternal condition, and institutional policies on infant mortality outcome. Results. At 23–25 weeks, 38% of infants (range: 34–69%) were delivered by cesarean section (CS), while at 26–27 weeks, 66% (59–80%) were delivered by CS. The CS rate for fetal or maternal indications was 98% in cases of pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia, 42% for premature rupture of membranes (PROM), 68% for hemorrhage, 76% for PROM+hemorrhage, 56% for breech presentation, and 30% for preterm vertex with no other complications. After cases of pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia were excluded, vaginal delivery was associated with a small increase of risk for infant death. Vaginal delivery was associated with a significantly increased risk for infant death in breech presentations and multiple births, while vaginal delivery posed a non‐significant risk increase for PROM and hemorrhage. For preterm vertex without any other complications, 4 out of 5 infants were delivered vaginally without any risk increase. Conclusion. This study reports high CS rates for very preterm births at Swedish hospitals. In performing CS for very preterm infants, this study suggests a survival advantage for certain maternal conditions, but not for preterm labor with a vertex presentation without other obstetrical complications.
An important Finnish contribution to the advancement of women's reproductive health
Authors: MILSOM IAN 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis issue of Acta Obstetricia Gynecologica Scandinavica contains new guidelines for the management of menorrhagia recommended by the Finnish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The treatment of menorrhagia has undergone radical changes over the last 2 decades, and several new treatment techniques for the management of this common and troublesome condition have been introduced. It is perhaps particularly appropriate that these guidelines come from Finland, where one of the most important advances regarding the modern management of menorrhagia has its origin.
Comparison of Two Anticonvulsants in a Randomized, Single-Blind Treatment of Hypomanic Symptoms in Patients with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Suppes Trisha , Kelly Dorothy I. , Hynan Linda S. , Snow Diane E. , Sureddi Suresh , Foster Barbara , Curley Eric 
Published: May 2007

Objective: Oxcarbazepine was compared to divalproex to assess clinical effectiveness of a proven agent, divalproex, against a newer, less studied agent, oxcarbazepine, in the treatment of hypomania. Method: Thirty patients with bipolar disorder, currently hypomanic, were randomized to receive oxcarbazepine or divalproex as add-on or monotherapy for 8 weeks. A rater blind to treatment assignment performed all symptom ratings. Hypomania and depression were rated using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms–Clinician Version (IDS-C). Random regression models were used to assess clinical symptom scores. Results: There were no significant differences of YMRS or IDS-C scores between groups. Mean YMRS scores at baseline were 22.07±5.86 and 20.53±6.02 for the oxcarbazepine and the divalproex groups, respectively. Mean percent reduction from baseline to week 8 for the YMRS was 63.8% and 79.0% for oxcarbazepine and divalproex groups, respectively. Mean percent reduction from baseline to week 8 for the IDS-C was 48.7% versus 19.7% for oxcarbazepine and divalproex groups, respectively. Significant antimanic efficacy was noted for each medication. Both medications were generally well tolerated. Conclusion: In this pilot study, oxcarbazepine was as effective as divalproex in the treatment of hypomania. Further controlled trials are warranted.
Taxometric Investigation of Depression: Evidence of Consistent Latent Structure Across Clinical and Community Samples
Authors: Slade Tim 
Published: May 2007

Objective: Past taxometric studies of depression have yielded equivocal results. Diversity of sample type may provide one explanation for this. The aim of the present study was to examine the latent structure of depression across clinical and community samples using exactly the same taxometric procedures involving exactly the same indicators of depression. Method: Two taxometric procedures, MAXEIG (maximum eigenvalue) and MAMBAC (mean above minus mean below a cut), were carried out on a clinical sample of 960 outpatients with mood and anxiety disorders. Simulated categorical and dimensional data sets as well as other consistency tests aided in the interpretation of the research data. Results were compared to a prior taxometric analysis in a community sample. Results: The results of the current taxometric analyses were consistent with a dimensional latent structure and were compatible with the findings from identical analyses in a community sample. Conclusions: The findings of the current study highlight the importance of identifying factors that may contribute to, and explain, differences in the identified latent structure of depression.
Venlafaxine Hyponatraemia: Incidence, Mechanism and Management
Authors: Roxanas Milton , Hibbert Emily , Field Michael 
Published: May 2007

Objective: This prospective study was performed on patients aged >65 years commencing therapy with venlafaxine, in order to determine the incidence of hyponatraemia induced by the drug, to investigate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and to evaluate a simple approach to management of this condition. Method: All patients aged >65 years seen by one author (MR) from all referral sources were entered into the study. Baseline biochemical tests were ordered, and if hyponatraemia developed (plasma Na <130 mmol L−1) additional tests were performed to ascertain the mechanism, while the patient continued on venlafaxine and fluid restriction was instituted. Results: A total of 58 patients were seen, of whom 10 developed hyponatraemia, giving an incidence of 17.2%. Of these 10 patients, five were excluded from prolonged observation because of either severe medical illness, side-effects from the antidepressant or being lost to follow up. When hyponatraemia developed, it invariably did so within a few days of starting venlafaxine, and was associated with non-suppression of antidiuretic hormone in the face of a low serum osmolality. Fluid restriction (800 mL day−1) was effective in raising the plasma sodium to the normal range within 2 weeks, after which the fluid restriction could be relaxed without relapse occurring. These patients remained well for the follow-up period of up to 6 months. Conclusions: Patients >65 years of age should have their electrolytes measured 3–5 days after starting venlafaxine therapy. If hyponatraemia develops, it can be managed with modest fluid restriction without discontinuing drug treatment, subject to close continued clinical observation and biochemical monitoring.
Problem Alcohol Use in Young Australian Adults
Authors: Reid Sophie C. , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Coffey Carolyn , Teesson Maree , Carlin John B. , Patton George C. 
Published: May 2007

Objective: To examine the extent to which excessive drinking in young adults is associated with alcohol abuse and dependence. Method: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using data from the eighth wave of the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study, which comprised 1943 Victorians currently aged 24–25 years drawn from 44 secondary schools across the state in 1992. The main outcome measures of interest were short-term risk drinking status (based on daily alcohol consumption) and long-term risk drinking status (based on total weekly alcohol consumption). Results: Two out of 5 participants drank at moderate to high risk levels for short-term harm. Yet, because young people tend to drink on only 1–2 days a week, fewer (22%) were at moderate to high risk for long-term harm. Although 20% of the participants met criteria for a diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence, most of those in the moderate- to high-risk drinking categories were not diagnosed with either alcohol disorder. Conclusion: Excessive alcohol use in one or two sessions a week appears to be common in young Australian adults. While short- and long-term risky drinking is more common in those with an alcohol use disorder, the majority of moderate- and high-risk drinking is done by those who do not meet criteria for an alcohol use disorder.
Testing the Validity of the Recovery Assessment Scale Using an Australian Sample
Authors: McNaught Mandy , Caputi Peter , Oades Lindsay G. , Deane Frank P. 
Published: May 2007

Objective: Mental health services in Australia are increasingly becoming recovery orientated. However, there are varying meanings for recovery and few measures that specifically target recovery outcomes. The current study aimed to assess the construct and concurrent validity of a patient self-report measure, the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS). Method: Participants were 168 individuals with severe and persistent psychiatric disability who were participants in the Australian Integrated Mental Health Initiative (AIMhi) project. They completed self-report recovery and other mental health measures and their case workers completed the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out to examine the factor structure of the RAS. Results: Exploratory factor analysis of the RAS produced five factors that were replicated using confirmatory techniques. Each factor has satisfactory internal reliability (Cronbach α range = 0.73–0.91). The factors displayed convergent validity with positive and significant correlations with other recovery measures. Concurrent validity was demonstrated with significant but lower correlations with symptoms and clinician-rated measures of psychiatric functioning. Conclusion: The factors of the RAS are consistent with the consumer literature on recovery. Correlations with other variable suggest that the RAS is measuring something different from traditional symptom or functional mental health measures. Further research is needed to clarify the extent to which the RAS is able to capture the range of recovery experiences that have been described by patients.
Group Intervention for Coexisting Psychosis and Substance use Disorders in Rural Australia: Outcomes over 3 Years
Authors: Bradley Adrian C. , Baker Amanda , Lewin Terry J. 
Published: May 2007

Objective: Outpatient group interventions have been shown to be efficacious in reducing substance use among people with psychosis. This is the first Australian study to report on the effectiveness of such interventions provided in a rural area by mental health and drug and alcohol clinicians, with follow up over 3 years. The primary aim was to investigate whether an open-ended weekly outpatient group intervention, consisting of motivational interviewing (MI) and cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), was effective in reducing substance use and improving symptomatology and general functioning among people with psychosis. Method: This was a service evaluation project, with clinician-administered ratings made for four retrospective 3 monthly baseline observations and up to 12 3 monthly post-recruitment observations. Results: Thirty-nine participants entered the group intervention, with an average attendance of 28.51 sessions (SD=24.61). Compared to a baseline period of 1 year, the group intervention was associated with significant improvements in substance use, symptomatology, treatment non-compliance, overall functioning and unscheduled service use. A median split according to treatment group attendance indicated that there was no difference in improvement profiles on a factor reflecting overall severity among those who attended fewer (mean=10.63) versus more sessions (mean=45.50), but there was a sharper reduction in the use of acute mental health services among those who attended more sessions. Conclusions: Significant change in functioning (including substance use and symptomatology) can occur within the context of a regular but relatively short outpatient group intervention, delivered in addition to usual treatment. However, extended group attendance over a 1 year period may be further associated with prevention of relapse and less unscheduled service use.
Restraint and Eating Concern in North European and East Asian Women with and without Eating Disorders in Australia and Singapore
Authors: Li-Wey Soh Nerissa , Touyz Stephen , Dobbins Timothy A. , Surgenor Lois J. , Clarke Simon , Kohn Michael R. , Lee Ee Lian , Leow Vincent , Rieger Elizabeth , Khean Ung Ken Eng , Walter Garry 
Published: May 2007

Objective: To investigate eating disorder psychopathology, restraint and eating concern in young women with and without an eating disorder from two different ethnic groups in Australia and Singapore. Method: The relationship of Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire Global, Restraint and Eating Concern scores to cultural orientation and sociocultural factors was analysed in 154 women with and without an eating disorder. Participants were from the following backgrounds: North European Australian, East Asian Australian, Singaporean Chinese and North European expatriates in Singapore. Results: Women with eating disorders had similar psychopathology across the cultural groups. Among controls, Singaporean Chinese reported significantly greater overall eating disorder psychopathology than other cultural groups and greater restraint than North European Australians/expatriates. Eating concern was not associated with cultural group overall or acculturation to Western culture. Dissatisfaction with family functioning, socioeconomic status and education level were not significantly associated with any of the eating disorder measures. Conclusion: In eating disorder psychopathology, the specific symptom of eating concern may transcend cultural influences.
Cost-effectiveness of computed tomographic colonography: a prospective comparison with colonoscopy
Authors: Arnesen R. B. , Ginnerup-Pedersen B. , Poulsen P. B. , von Benzon E. , Adamsen S. , Laurberg S. , Hart-Hansen O. 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of detecting colorectal polyps with computed tomographic colonography (CTC) and subsequent polypectomy with primary colonoscopy (CC), using CC as the alternative strategy. Material and Methods: A marginal analysis was performed regarding 103 patients who had had CTC prior to same-day CC at two hospitals, H-I (n = 53) and H-II (n = 50). The patients were randomly chosen from surveillance and symptomatic study populations (148 at H-I and 231 at H-II). Populations, organizations, and procedures were compared. Cost data on time consumption, medication, and minor equipment were collected prospectively, while data on salaries and major equipment were collected retrospectively. The effect was the (previously published) sensitivities of CTC and CC for detection of colorectal polyps⩾6 mm (H-I, n = 148) or ⩾5 mm (H-II, n = 231). Results: Thirteen patients at each center had at least one colorectal polyp⩾6 mm or ⩾5 mm. CTC was the cost-effective alternative at H-I (€187 vs. €211), while CC was the cost-effective alternative at H-II (€239 vs. €192). The cost-effectiveness (costs per finding) mainly depended on the sensitivity of CTC and CC, but the depreciation of equipment and the staff's use of time were highly influential as well. Conclusion: Detection of colorectal polyps⩾6 mm or ⩾5 mm with CTC, followed by polypectomy by CC, can be performed cost-effectively at some institutions with the appropriate hardware and organization.
Superselective arterial embolization for patients with high-flow priapism: results of follow-up for five or more years
Authors: Baba Y. , Hayashi S. , Ueno K. , Nakajo M. 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the long-term results of transcatheter arterial embolization for high-flow priapism. Material and Methods: The study comprised six patients with high-flow priapism treated by superselective embolization of the internal pudendal arteries at our institution. The cause of priapism was traumatic in five patients and idiopathic in one. Follow-up was⩾5 years in all cases. Results: A total of nine embolizations were performed in the six patients. Embolization was performed once in three patients, while repeated embolizations were performed in the remaining three. Eleven arteries were altogether treated. Embolic materials used were gelatin sponge in nine arteries, gelatin sponge and microcoils in one, and microcoils alone in one. Embolization of the internal pudendal arteries on both sides in one single session was performed in one patient. In one patient, complete occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm was not achieved. However, restoration of erectile function and detumescence were noted during follow-up. Complications during the procedure were not registered. At follow-up⩾5 years after successful embolization, all six patients experienced detumescence as well as normal erectile function. Conclusion: Superselective embolization of the internal pudendal artery is the procedure of choice for treatment of high-flow priapism.