bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGEs) and Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Toth Cory , Rong Ling Ling , Yang Christina , Martinez Jose , Song Fei , Ramji Noor , Brussee Valentine , Liu Wei , Durand Jeff , Nguyen Minh Dang , Schmidt Ann Marie , Zochodne Douglas W. 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE— Heightened expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) contributes to development of systemic diabetic complications, but its contribution to diabetic neuropathy is uncertain. We studied experimental diabetic neuropathy and its relationship with RAGE expression using streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice including a RAGE−/− cohort exposed to long-term diabetes compared with littermates without diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Structural indexes of neuropathy were addressed with serial (1, 3, 5, and 9 months of experimental diabetes) electrophysiological and quantitative morphometric analysis of dorsal root ganglia (DRG), peripheral nerve, and epidermal innervation. RAGE protein and mRNA levels in DRG, peripheral nerve, and epidermal terminals were assessed in WT and RAGE−/− mice, with and without diabetes. The correlation of RAGE activation with nuclear factor (NF)-κB and protein kinase C βII (PKCβII) protein and mRNA expression was also determined.
RESULTS— Diabetic peripheral epidermal axons, sural axons, Schwann cells, and sensory neurons within ganglia developed dramatic and cumulative rises in RAGE mRNA and protein along with progressive electrophysiological and structural abnormalities. RAGE−/− mice had attenuated structural features of neuropathy after 5 months of diabetes. RAGE-mediated signaling pathway activation for NF-κB and PKCβII pathways was most evident among Schwann cells in the DRG and peripheral nerve.
CONCLUSIONS— In a long-term model of experimental diabetes resembling human diabetic peripheral neuropathy, RAGE expression in the peripheral nervous system rises cumulatively and relates to progressive pathological changes. Mice lacking RAGE have attenuated features of neuropathy and limited activation of potentially detrimental signaling pathways.
Evaluation of Polyneuropathy Markers in Type 1 Diabetic Kidney Transplant Patients and Effects of Islet Transplantation
Authors: Del Carro Ubaldo , Fiorina Paolo , Amadio Stefano , De Toni Franceschini Luisa , Petrelli Alessandra , Menini Stefano , Boneschi Filippo Martinelli , Ferrari Stefania , Pugliese Giuseppe , Maffi Paola , Comi Giancarlo , Secchi Antonio 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether islet transplantation may stabilize polyneuropathy in uremic type 1 diabetic patients (end-stage renal disease [ESRD] and type 1 diabetes), who received a successful islet-after-kidney transplantation (KI-s).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Eighteen KI-s patients underwent electroneurographic tests of sural, peroneal, ulnar, and median nerves: the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) index and amplitudes of both sensory action potentials (SAPs) and compound motor action potentials (CMAPs) were analyzed longitudinally at 2, 4, and 6 years after islet transplantation. Skin content of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and expression of their specific receptors (RAGE) were also studied at the 4-year follow-up. Nine patients with ESRD and type 1 diabetes who received kidney transplantation alone (KD) served as control subjects.
RESULTS—The NCV score improved in the KI-s group up to the 4-year time point (P = 0.01 versus baseline) and stabilized 2 years later, whereas the same parameter did not change significantly in the KD group throughout the follow-up period or when a cross-sectional analysis between groups was performed. Either SAP or CMAP amplitudes recovered in the KI-s group, whereas they continued worsening in KD control subjects. AGE and RAGE levels in perineurium and vasa nervorum of skin biopsies were lower in the KI-s than in the KD group (P &lt; 0.01 for RAGE).
CONCLUSIONS—Islet transplantation seems to prevent long-term worsening of polyneuropathy in patients with ESRD and type 1 diabetes who receive islets after kidney transplantation. No statistical differences between the two groups were evident on cross-sectional analysis. A reduction in AGE/RAGE expression in the peripheral nervous system was shown in patients receiving islet transplantation.
Does Waist Circumference Predict Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Beyond Commonly Evaluated Cardiometabolic Risk Factors?
Authors: Janiszewski Peter M. , Janssen Ian , Ross Robert 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE—While the measurement of waist circumference (WC) is recommended in current clinical guidelines, its clinical utility was questioned in a recent consensus statement. In response, we sought to determine whether WC predicts diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) beyond that explained by BMI and commonly obtained cardiometabolic risk factors including blood pressure, lipoproteins, and glucose.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Subjects consisted of 5,882 adults from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is nationally representative and cross-sectional. Subjects were grouped into sex-specific WC and BMI tertiles. Blood pressure, triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and glucose were categorized using standard clinical thresholds. Logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds for diabetes and CVD according to WC tertiles.
RESULTS—After controlling for basic confounders, the medium and high WC tertiles were more likely to have diabetes and CVD compared with the low WC tertile (P &lt; 0.05). After inclusion of BMI and cardiometabolic risk factors in the regression models, the magnitude of the odds ratios were attenuated (i.e., for diabetes the magnitude decreased from 6.54 to 5.03 for the high WC group) but remained significant in the medium and high WC tertiles for the prediction of diabetes, though not for CVD.
CONCLUSIONS—WC predicted diabetes, but not CVD, beyond that explained by traditional cardiometabolic risk factors and BMI. The findings lend critical support for the recommendation that WC be a routine measure for identification of the high-risk, abdominally obese patient.
Neurovascular Factors in Wound Healing in the Foot Skin of Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Krishnan Singhan T.M. , Quattrini Cristian , Jeziorska Maria , Malik Rayaz A. , Rayman Gerry 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE—Delayed wound healing in diabetic patients without large-vessel disease has been attributed to microvascular dysfunction, neuropathy, and abnormal cellular and inflammatory responses. The role of these abnormalities has mainly been examined in animal models. Few studies have been undertaken in diabetic patients, and those that have are limited due to analysis in wounds from chronic ulcers. In this study, we quantified the rate of wound healing in relation to skin neurovascular function and structure following a dorsal foot skin biopsy in type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Twelve healthy control subjects and 12 type 2 diabetic subjects with neuropathy but without macrovascular disease were studied. We quantified rate of wound healing and related it to skin microvascular function (laser Doppler imager [LDI]max), blood vessel density, small nerve fiber function (LDIflare) and nerve fiber density, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (FLK1), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression.
RESULTS—The rate of wound closure was identical between control subjects and diabetic patients despite a significant reduction in maximum hyperemia (LDImax), epidermal and dermal VEGF-A, and epidermal and dermal blood vessel VEGFR-2 expression as well as the neurogenic flare response (LDIflare) and dermal nerve fiber density. There was no significant difference in HIF-1α and dermal blood vessel density between control subjects and diabetic patients.
CONCLUSIONS—In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that wound closure in subjects with type 2 diabetes is not delayed despite significant alterations in neurovascular function and structure.
Single Dose Bromocriptine Microcapsules in Postpartum Lactation Inhibition
Authors: Svanberg Lars , Lancranjan Ioana , Arvidsson TorbjÖRn , Andersch BjÖRn 
Published: November 2007

The clinical efficacy and safety of a single intra‐muscular injection of ParlodelR LA, PravidelR 50 mg, were Studied in the prevention of lactation in 10 postpartum women.The overall efficacy at the end of the 28 day observation period was very good in 8 postpartum women and good in 2 women and no rebound lactation occurred. The prolactin Aasma levels decreased to normal levels within 4 days in 9 women. Menstrual bleeding occurred in 9 women 4 to 6 weeks after treatment. Laboratory data recorded in this study support that PravidelR is effective in suppressing postmartum lactation.
Charge density effects on polyelectrolyte dynamic rheology
Authors: Harrington John C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe dynamic rheological properties of an uncharged polymer and charged polyelectrolytes were evaluated in salt‐free water at various concentrations above the entanglement concentration. A poly(acrylic acid) homopolymer was used as the uncharged polymer and was ionized to anionic poly(acrylic acid‐co‐sodium acrylate) at five levels of ionization (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.50). The polymers exhibited a terminal region at a low frequency and a plateau region at a high frequency. The dynamic data for the nonionic parent and all charged polymers could be reduced to a master curve, which indicated a similar distribution of relaxation times for the nonionic and charged polymers. The shear modulus, relaxation time, and zero shear viscosity properties exhibited a concentration and charge density dependence. Higher power‐law exponents for the rheological properties were noted for the nonionic polymer versus the charged derivatives. The number of mechanically active entanglements per number of chains increased with the polymer concentration and charge density. The total number of mechanically active entanglements per number of chains that occurred because of imposing a charge to the nonionic parent did not change with increased concentration, and this indicated a different entanglement mechanism for charged polymers in comparison with their nonionic parent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Identifying interacting residues using Boolean Learning and Support Vector Machines: Case study on mRFP and DsRed proteins
Authors: Loo Bernard L. W. , Dubey Anshul , Realff Matthew J. , Lee Jay H. , Bommarius Andreas S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn a protein, interactions exist between amino acid residues that influence the protein's structural integrity or stability and thus affect its catalytic function. The loss of this interaction due to mutations in these amino acids usually leads to a non‐functional protein. Probing the sequence space of a protein through mutations or recombinations, as performed in directed evolution to search for an improved variant, frequently results in such inactive sequences. In this work, we demonstrate the use of machine learning to identify such interacting residues and the use of template engineering strategies to increase the fraction of active variants in a library. We show that using the sequences from recombination of monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP) and Discosoma red fluorescent protein (DsRed), we were able to identify a pair of interacting residues using an algorithm based on Boolean Learning and Support Vector Machines. The interaction between the identified residues was verified through point mutations on the mRFP and DsRed genes. We also show that it is possible to use such results to alter the parental genes such that the probability of disrupting the important interactions is minimized. This will result in a larger fraction of active variants in the recombinant library and allow us to access more functional space. We demonstrate this effect by comparing the recombinant library of wild‐type (WT) DsRed, mRFP and an altered sequence of DsRed with mRFP WT genes.
Automatic dynamic modeling and simulation of underwater vehicles for virtual prototyping
Authors: Chiang Luciano E. , Nuñez Javier A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article describes the theoretical foundations of a software intended for the virtual prototyping of underwater vehicles (UV). The software called Voyager, has a powerful graphics interface for generating the model and subsequently visualizing the results of the simulations. It is written in C++, using the OpenGL graphics engine.. © 2007 wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 15: 340–346, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20139
Two Straightforward Strategies for the Synthesis of Thiodisaccharides with a Furanose Unit as the Nonreducing End
Authors: Repetto Evangelina , Marino Carla , Uhrig M. Laura , Varela Oscar 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThiodisaccharides having a 1‐thiopentofuranose nonreducing end were synthesized by two routes starting from per‐O‐acylaldofuranoses with arabino, ribo, and xylo configurations. These glycosyl donors were converted into S‐glycosyl isothiourea derivatives as precursors of 1‐thiofuranose units, which were generated in situ and trapped by a sugar enone to produce, by Michael addition, the thioglycosidic linkage. Alternatively, the MoO2Cl2‐promoted glycosylation of the thiol group of 6‐thiosugar derivatives by per‐O‐acylfuranose led to thiodisaccharides with exclusive 1,2‐trans diastereocontrol.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Sub‐micron and nanoscale feature depth modulates alignment of stromal fibroblasts and corneal epithelial cells in serum‐rich and serum‐free media
Authors: Fraser Sarah A. , Ting Yuk‐Hong , Mallon Kelly S. , Wendt Amy E. , Murphy Christopher J. , Nealey Paul F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTopographic features are generally accepted as being capable of modulating cell alignment. Of particular interest is the potential that topographic feature geometry induces cell alignment indirectly through impacting adsorbed proteins from the cell culture medium on the surface of the substrate. However, it has also been reported that micron‐scale feature depth significantly impacts the level of alignment of cellular populations on topography, despite being orders of magnitude larger than the average adsorbed protein layer (nm). In order to better determine the impact of biomimetic length scale topography and adsorbed protein interaction on cellular morphology we have systematically investigated the effect of combinations of sub‐micron to nanoscale feature depth and lateral pitch on corneal epithelial cell alignment. In addition we have used the unique properties of a serum‐free media alternative in direct comparison to serum‐rich medium to investigate the role of culture medium protein composition on cellular alignment to topographically patterned surfaces. Our observation that increasing groove depth elicited larger populations of corneal epithelial cells to align regardless of culture medium composition and of cell orientation with respect to the topography, suggests that these cells can sense changes in topographic feature depths independent of adsorbed proteins localized along ridge edges and tops. However, our data also suggests a strong combinatory effect of topography with culture medium composition, and also a cell type dependency in determining the level of cell elongation and alignment to nanoscale topographic features. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Factors influencing the properties of reconstituted collagen fibers prior to self‐assembly: Animal species and collagen extraction method
Authors: Zeugolis D. I. , Paul R. G. , Attenburrow G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis research work allows a direct comparison between collagen solutions of equal concentration derived from the two widely used collagen sources: bovine Achilles tendon (BAT) and rat tail tendon (RTT), and extraction methods: acid (AS) and pepsin (PS) solubilization on the properties of extruded collagen fibers. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the substructure of the collagen fibers was the same independent of the treatment. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the AS collagen‐derived fibers were comprised of thick quarter‐staggered fibrils, while the coexistence of thin nonbanded and thick banded fibrils was apparent for the PS collagen‐derived fibers. The BAT‐derived fibers demonstrated higher denaturation temperature than the RTT‐derived ones (p < 0.05). The extraction method had no influence on the thermal characteristics of the fibers produced (p > 0.05). ASBAT collagen was of higher viscosity than both ASRTT and PSBAT (p < 0.002), and therefore larger diameter fibers were obtained (p < 0.001). An inversely proportional relationship between dry‐fiber diameter and stress at break was observed within the treatments. The PS yielded 10 times more soluble collagen from BAT and the derived fibers were of similar tensile strength, stiffness, and elongation (p > 0.05) as those derived from the AS collagen. No significant difference was observed for the stress at break for the ASBAT and the ASRTT, while significant difference was observed for the elongation and modulus values (p < 0.005). Overall, reconstituted collagen fibers were produced with properties similar to native or synthetic fibers to suit a wide range of tissue engineering applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Functionally terminated poly(methyl acrylate) by SET‐LRP initiated with CHBr3 and CHI3
Authors: Lligadas Gerard , Ladislaw Janine S. , Guliashvili Tamaz , Percec Virgil 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe single‐electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) of methyl acrylate initiated with bromoform (CHBr3) and iodoform (CHI3) and catalyzed by Cu(0)/Me6‐TREN in DMSO at 25 °C provides a reliable method to prepare poly (methyl acrylate) (PMA) with active chain ends and controlled structure that can undergo subsequent functionalization to provide strategies for the synthesis of different block copolymers and other complex architectures. A detailed kinetic and structural analysis was used to assess the scope and the limitations of CHBr3 and CHI3 as initiators under SET‐LRP conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 278–288, 2008
Coenzyme Q10 does not protect cochlear hair cells from death in the ischemic organotypic culture
Authors: Khan Martin , Amarjargal Nyamaa , Gross Johann , Haupt Heidemarie , Scherer Hans , Mazurek Birgit 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveTo evaluate in vitro the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on ischemia‐induced hair cell death.Study DesignOrganotypic cochlear cultures of newborn rats were subjected to ischemia with and without CoQ10.ResultsAddition of CoQ10 has not prevented HC loss.ConclusionCoQ10 seems to protect against only certain modes of cell death.
Edward Wilson: medical aspects of his life and career
Authors: Williams Isobel 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTEdward Wilson's career plans were changed by a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. This diagnosis is reviewed as are the ‘allergies’, hypothermia, vitamin C deficiency and other medical conditions encountered by Wilson between 1901 and 1912. Edgar Evans’ death on the return from the South Pole and a possible infective cause, is discussed.
EFFECT OF CHANGE OF SODIUM BALANCE ON THE CORTICOSTEROID RESPONSE TO ANGIOTENSIN II
Authors: Blair‐West JR , Coghlan JP , Denton DA , Scoggins BA , Wintour E Marelyn , Wright RD 
Published: November 2007

SummaryAngiotensin II was infused into the adrenal arterial blood supply or intravenously in sheep which were either sodium replete, that is in normal sodium balance or sodium loaded, or sodium depleted by loss of parotid saliva. Aldosterone secretian was always increased in the sodium replete condition when the rate of infusion exceeded 0.1 μg./hr. intra‐arterially or 10 μg./hr. intravenously. The aldosterone response was greatly reduced when the animals were sodium loaded or sodium depleted. When sodium balance was positive, the increase of aldosterone secretion was inversely proportional to the plasma sodium concentration but it was not significantly related to the plasma potassium concentration. The inverse relation to plasma sodium did not continue into sodium depletion. When sodium balance was negative and plasma sodium concentration tended to be reduced, angiotensin infusion did not usually cause further increase of aldosterone secretion. Nephrectomy of sodium depleted animals caused aldosterone secretion to fall to basal in 8–12 hr. and restored the adrenal response to infused angiotensin II or sheep renin.Secretion rates of cortisol and corticosterone were not increased significantly by infusion of angiotensin II into the adrenal arterial blood supply. Glucocorticoid secretion was usually increased during intravenous infusion, the effect on cortisol secrection being more consistent. Systemic infusion of angiotensin II at rates which cause lartic increases of blood pressure may also cause increased release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone.It is concluded that the adrenal action of angiotensin II is primarily and predominantly on aldosterone secretion and the magnitude of this action is influenced by ambient sodium concentration and other humoral or intra‐adrenal factors operating in sodium depletion.
INHIBITION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES BY THIOPURINES
Authors: Smith JL , Forbes IJ 
Published: November 2007

SummaryAzathioprine, 6‐mercaptopurine and 6‐thioguanine inhibited synthesis of protein by human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro. Maximum inhibition occurred at concentration of about 60 μg./ml., whereas the blood concentrations do not exceed 2 μg./ml. Azathioprine was generally as inhibitory as 6‐mercaptopurine, or more inhibitory, at half the molar concentration. Azathioprine caused an accelerated rate of death from 12 to 24 hrs. in vitro not seen in cells incubated with 6‐mertaptopurine and 6‐thioguanine. These data correlate with greater effectiveness of azathioprine in suppressing immune responses in animals.The effect of plasma on the inhibition caused by thiopurines was variable. The degree of inhibition was generally of the same order in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin. Azathioprine suppressed phytohaemagglutinin‐stimulated lymphocytes more than 6‐mercaptopurine.2‐Hydroxy‐6‐mercaptopurine, 6‐mercaptopurine ribonucleoside, 6‐thiouric acid and 5‐mercapto‐1‐methyl‐4‐nitroimidazole (ammonium salt) caused little or no inhibition of protein synthesis by human lymphocytes. 6‐Mercaptopurine ribonucleoside and 6‐mercaptopurine ribonucleotide caused inhibition of protein synthesis by lymphocytes.The pronounced inhibition of protein synthesis by the thiopurines contransted with smaller and less constant inhibition of incorporation of radioactive precursors into ribonucleic acid.