bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping Ground Water Vulnerability to Pesticide Leaching with a Process‐Based Metamodel of EuroPEARL
Authors: Tiktak A. , Boesten J. J. T. I. , van der Linden A. M. A. , Vanclooster M. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTTo support EU policy, indicators of pesticide leaching at the European level are required. For this reason, a metamodel of the spatially distributed European pesticide leaching model EuroPEARL was developed. EuroPEARL considers transient flow and solute transport and assumes Freundlich adsorption, first‐order degradation and passive plant uptake of pesticides. Physical parameters are depth dependent while (bio)‐chemical parameters are depth, temperature, and moisture dependent. The metamodel is based on an analytical expression that describes the mass fraction of pesticide leached. The metamodel ignores vertical parameter variations and assumes steady flow. The calibration dataset was generated with EuroPEARL and consisted of approximately 60 000 simulations done for 56 pesticides with different half‐lives and partitioning coefficients. The target variable was the 80th percentile of the annual average leaching concentration at 1‐m depth from a time series of 20 yr. The metamodel explains over 90% of the variation of the original model with only four independent spatial attributes. These parameters are available in European soil and climate databases, so that the calibrated metamodel could be applied to generate maps of the predicted leaching concentration in the European Union. Maps generated with the metamodel showed a good similarity with the maps obtained with EuroPEARL, which was confirmed by means of quantitative performance indicators.
Phosphorus and Nitrogen in Rainfall Simulation Runoff after Fresh and Composted Beef Cattle Manure Application
Authors: Miller Jim J. , Olson Edith C. S. , Chanasyk David S. , Beasley Bruce W. , Larney Francis J. , Olson Barry M. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTFresh beef cattle (Bos taurus) manure has traditionally been applied to cropland in southern Alberta, but there has been an increase in application of composted manure to cropland in this region. However, the quality of runoff under fresh manure (FM) versus composted manure (CM) has not been investigated. Our objective was to compare runoff quality under increasing rates (0, 13, 42, 83 Mg ha−1 dry wt.) of FM and CM applied for two consecutive years to a clay loam soil cropped to irrigated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We determined total phosphorus (TP), particulate phosphorus (PP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total nitrogen (TN), NH4–N, and NO3–N concentrations and loads in runoff after one (1999) and two (2000) applications of FM and CM. We found significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher TP, DRP, and NH4–N concentrations, and higher DRP and TN loads under FM than CM after 2 yr of manure application. The TP loads were also higher under FM than CM at the 83 Mg ha−1 rate in 2000, and DRP loads were higher for FM than CM at this high rate when averaged over both years. Application rate had a significant effect on TP and DRP concentrations in runoff. In addition, the slope values of the regressions between TP and DRP in runoff versus application rate were considerably higher for FM in 2000 than for FM in 1999, and CM in both 1999 and 2000. Significant positive relationships were found for TP and DRP in runoff versus soil Kelowna‐extractable P and soil water‐extractable P for FM and CM in 2000, indicating that interaction of runoff with the soil controlled the release of P. Total P and DRP were the variables most affected by the treatments. Overall, our study found that application of CM rather than FM to cropland may lower certain forms of P and N in surface runoff, but this is dependent on the interaction with year, application rate, or both.
Soil Microbial Communities and Enzyme Activities under Various Poultry Litter Application Rates
Authors: Acosta‐Martínez V. , Harmel R. Daren 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThe potential excessive nutrient and/or microbial loading from mismanaged land application of organic fertilizers is forcing changes in animal waste management. Currently, it is not clear to what extent different rates of poultry litter impact soil microbial communities, which control nutrient availability, organic matter quality and quantity, and soil degradation potential. From 2002 to 2004, we investigated the microbial community and several enzyme activities in a Vertisol soil (fine, smectitic, thermic, Udic Haplustert) at 0 to 15 cm as affected by different rates of poultry litter application to pasture (0, 6.7, and 13.4 Mg ha−1) and cultivated sites (0, 4.5, 6.7, 9.0, 11.2, and 13.4 Mg ha−1) in Texas, USA. No differences in soil pH (average: 7.9), total N (pasture: 2.01–3.53, cultivated: 1.09–1.98 g kg−1 soil) or organic C (pasture average: 25–26.7, cultivated average: 13.9–16.1 g kg−1 soil) were observed following the first four years of litter application. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) increased at litter rates greater than 6.7 Mg ha−1 (pasture: MBC = >863, MBN = >88 mg kg−1 soil) compared to sites with no applied litter (MBC = 722, MBN = 69 mg kg−1 soil). Enzyme activities of C (β‐glucosidase, α‐galactosidase, β‐glucosaminidase) or N cycling (β‐glucosaminidase) were increased at litter rates greater than 6.7 Mg ha−1 Enzyme activities of P (alkaline phosphatase) and S (arylsulfatase) mineralization showed the same response in pasture, but they were only increased at the highest (9.0, 11.2, and 13.4 Mg ha−1) litter application rates in cultivated sites. According to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis, the pasture soils experienced shifts to higher bacterial populations at litter rates of 6.7 Mg ha−1, and shifts to higher fungal populations at the highest litter application rates in cultivated sites. While rates greater than 6.7 Mg ha−1 provided rapid enhancement of the soil microbial populations and enzymatic activities, they result in P application in excess of crop needs. Thus, studies will continue to investigate whether litter application at rates below 6.7 Mg ha−1, previously recommended to maintain water quality, will result in similar improved soil microbial and biochemical functioning with continued annual litter application.
Improvement of wastewater treatment performance of the Fukashiba treatment plant
Authors: Hirose K. , Igarashi T. , Ochiai E. , Seya H. , Matsui S. 
Published: July 2006

The Fukashiba Treatment Plant Kashima Rinkai Specified Sewage Works has received wastewater from the petrochemical complex (90%) and public sewage of Kamisu and Hasaki town (10%). For this reason, the plant is facing many difficulties in producing good quality effluent.
In order to solve these difficulties, we are reviewing the treatment performance and making efforts for its improvement with nitrification inhibition, control of bio-persistent substances and the PRTR approach.
Relationship of Psychiatric History to Pain Reports in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Frantom Catherine G. , Parker Jerry C. , Smarr Karen L. , Slaughter James R. , Hewett James E. , Hewett John E. , Ge Bin , Hanson Kathleen Donovan , Walker Sara E. 
Published: July 2006

Objective: The purpose was to examine the relationship of pre-existing psychiatric history to pain reports in a cohort of persons with RA and concomitant major depression who were receiving a trial of antidepressant medication. Method: RA patients ( n = 41) with a current episode of major depression were divided into two subgroups comprised of those with a previous psychiatric history (PSY+) ( n = 20) and those without a previous psychiatric history (PSY-) ( n = 21). The groups were compared with regard to their responsiveness to a regimen of antidepressive medication on measures of depression, pain, coping, and life stress over a period of 15 months. Results: Although depression scores for both the PSY+ and the PSY- groups decreased significantly from baseline to 15-month follow-up, the composite pain score was found to be significantly decreased only for the PSY- group. Conclusion: Psychiatric history appears to predispose persons with concomitant RA and major depression to report less pain reduction following antidepressive treatment than those persons without a psychiatric history.
The Comfort Level of Internists with the Prescription of Psychotropic Medication
Authors: Sansone Randy A. , McDonald Stephen , Prutzman Cherish , Henkaline Ty C. 
Published: July 2006

Introduction: Empirical data indicate that patients seen in internal medicine outpatient settings have substantial rates of depression and other psychiatric disorders. Surprisingly, the training requirements established by the Residency Review Committee in Internal Medicine do not include a specific psychiatry training curriculum, but rather vaguely refer to “sufficient instruction and clinical experience” in psychiatry. Method: In this study, internists on staff at a community hospital were surveyed to ascertain their general level of comfort with prescribing psychotropic medication. The study hypotheses were: (1) compared with other psychotropic medications, internists would generally be most comfortable with the prescription of antidepressants; (2) younger, rather than older, internists would be more comfortable with prescribing psychotropic medications; and (3) internists with greater outpatient, versus inpatient, responsibilities would be more comfortable with psychotropic medication prescription. Results: This sample of internists demonstrated differences in prescribing comfort by medication group ( F(3) = 48.99, p < .001) and was most comfortable in prescribing antidepressants and benzodiazepines, in contrast to antipsychotics and other types of psychotropic medications; comparing older with younger internists, there was a significant between-group difference in the mean number of medications positively endorsed, t(66) = 2.16, p < .05, with younger internists indicating broader comfort levels; and inpatient internists were significantly more comfortable prescribing antipsychotics than outpatient internists, t(117) = −3.38, p = .001. Conclusions: There are some distinct psychotropic prescription trends among internists, which have implications for future training and quality improvement programs.
Religious Influences on Trust in Physicians and the Health Care System
Authors: Benjamins Maureen R. 
Published: July 2006

Objective: Aspects of the patient-physician relationship, such as trust, influence a variety of health behaviors, including adherence to treatment regimens and the use of preventive health services. While several demographic and socioeconomic factors have been found to predict levels of trust in physicians, little is known about the influence of religious beliefs and behaviors. Methods: The relationship between religion and medical trust was investigated within a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States ( n = 1,274). More specifically, multivariate models were used to analyze the associations between religious affiliation, attendance, and strength of affiliation and three types of trust: personal trust in one's physician, general confidence in physicians, and trust in the health care system. Results: Findings reveal that religiously active individuals have higher levels of trust in physicians. For example, individuals who attend religious services frequently (42% of the sample) are significantly more likely to trust their own physician ( p < .05) and have higher levels of confidence in physicians in general ( p < .01), compared to individuals who never attend. In addition, levels of trust vary by religious denomination with Mainline Protestants, Catholics, and Jews reporting more trust than Evangelical Protestants. For example, Mainline Protestants have more personal trust in their physicians ( p < .01), general confidence in physicians ( p < .05), and trust in the health care system ( p < .05), compared to Evangelical Protestants. Conclusions: This study is the first to examine religious differences in medical trust. The findings add to the current knowledge on factors associated with trust in health care providers and may help to explain religious differences in the use of preventive services and other health behaviors.
Assessing the association between the geographic distribution of deer ticks and seropositivity rates to various tick-transmitted disease organisms in dogs
Authors: Hinrichsen Virginia L. , Whitworth Ulysses G. , Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Hegarty Barbara C. , Mather Thomas N. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether the geographic distribution of deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis) was associated with the distribution of dogs seropositive for various tick-transmitted disease organisms (ie,Borrelia burgdorferi, Rickettsia rickettsii, the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis [HGE] agent,Ehrlichia canis, andBartonella vinsoniisubspberkhoffii).Design—Serologic survey.Sample Population—Serum samples from 277 dogs in animal shelters and veterinary hospitals in Rhode Island.Results—Overall, 143 (52%) dogs were seropositive forB burgdorferi, 59 (21.3%) were seropositive forR rickettsii, 40 (14.4%) were seropositive for the HGE agent, 8 (2.9%) were seropositive forE canis, and 6 (2.2%) were seropositive forB vinsonii. Regression analysis indicated that the natural logarithm of nymphal deer tick abundance was correlated with rate of seropositivity to the HGE agent and toB burgdorferibut not to rate of seropositivity toR rickettsii,E canis, orB vinsonii. Percentages of samples seropositive forB burgdorferi,R rickettsii, the HGE agent, andE caniswere significantly higher for samples from the southwestern part of the state where ticks in general and deer ticks in particular are abundant than for samples from the northern and eastern portions of the state, where ticks are relatively rare.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that all 5 disease agents are in Rhode Island and pose a risk to dogs and humans. Knowledge concerning tick distributions may be useful in predicting the pattern of disease associated with particular tick species and may aid diagnostic, prevention, and control efforts. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1092–1097)
Effects of hydromorphone or oxymorphone, with or without acepromazine, on preanesthetic sedation, physiologic values, and histamine release in dogs
Authors: Smith Lesley J. , Yu Jeff K-A , Bjorling Dale E. , Waller Kenneth 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare hydromorphone with oxymorphone, with or without acepromazine, for preanesthetic sedation in dogs and assess changes in plasma concentration of histamine after drug administration.Design—Randomized clinical study.Animals—10 healthy mixed-breed dogs.Procedure—Dogs were treated IM with hydromorphone (group H), oxymorphone (group O), hydromorphone with acepromazine (group H/A), or oxymorphone with acepromazine (group O/A). Sedation score, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were recorded at baseline immediately after drug administration (T0) and every 5 minutes for 25 minutes (T25). Plasma histamine concentration was measured at baseline and T25.Results—Sedation was similar between groups H and O at all times. Sedation was significantly greater for groups H/A and O/A from T10 to T25, compared with other groups. Systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced at T25 in group H/A, compared with group H, and in group O/A, compared with group O. Prevalence of panting at T25 was 50% for groups H and O, compared with 20% for group H/A and 30% for group O/A. By T25, heart rate was significantly lower in all groups. Oxygen saturation was unaffected by treatment. Mean ± SD plasma histamine concentration was 1.72 ± 2.69 ng/ml at baseline and 1.13 ± 1.18 ng/ml at T25. There was no significant change in plasma histamine concentration in any group.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hydromorphone is comparable to oxymorphone for preanesthetic sedation in dogs. Sedation is enhanced by acepromazine. Neither hydromorphone nor oxymorphone caused an increase in plasma histamine concentration. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1101–1105)
Evaluation of interoperator variance in shunt fraction calculation after transcolonic scintigraphy for diagnosis of portosystemic shunts in dogs and cats
Authors: Samii Valerie F. , Kyles Andrew E. , Long Craig D. , Mellema Linda M. , Pollard Rachel E. , Kass Philip H. , Hornof William J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine interoperator variance in shunt fraction calculation.Design—Case series.Sample Population—101 transrectal portoscintigraphic studies.Procedure—Results of dynamic portoscintigraphic studies were reviewed by 4 radiologists without knowledge of signalment, history, or medical profile. Results were judged to be negative or positive on the basis of the dynamic scan. Composite images were formulated, and hand-drawn regions of interest were determined for the heart and liver. Time-activity curves were generated, time-zero points were selected, curves were integrated during a 10-second interval, and shunt fractions were calculated.Results—Radiologists were in agreement regarding positive versus negative results for 99 of 101 studies. Interoperator variance in shunt fraction calculation ranged from 0.4 to 59.6%. For 51 studies with positive results, variance ranged from 2.5 to 59.6% (mean ± SD, 22.8 ± 14.5%); differences among reviewers were significant. For 48 studies with negative results, variance in shunt fraction ranged from 0.4 to 25.9% (mean, 5.3 ± 5.8%); significant differences among reviewers were not detected. Shunt fraction calculations were not exactly reproducible among radiologists in 94 and 100% of studies with negative or positive results, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that shunt fraction values are not reproducible among operators. Range in variability was greater in studies with positive results. This factor may be of particular clinical importance in reassessment of patients after incomplete shunt ligation. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1116–1119)
Hyperglycemia in dogs and cats with head trauma: 122 cases (1997–1999)
Authors: Syring Rebecca S. , Otto Cynthia M. , Drobatz Kenneth J. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether hyperglycemia is
associated with head trauma in dogs and cats and
whether the degree of hyperglycemia corresponds to
severity of neurologic injury or outcome.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—52 dogs and 70 cats with head trauma and
122 age- and species-matched control dogs and cats.

Procedure—Severity of head trauma was classified
as mild, moderate, or severe. Blood glucose concentrations
recorded within 1 hour after admission were
compared between case and control animals and
among groups when case animals were grouped on
the basis of severity of head trauma or outcome.

Results—Blood glucose concentration was significantly
associated with severity of head trauma in
dogs and cats and was significantly higher in dogs
and cats with head trauma than in the control animals.
However, blood glucose concentration was not
associated with outcome.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that dogs and cats with head trauma may have
hyperglycemia and that degree of hyperglycemia was
associated with severity of head trauma. However,
degree of hyperglycemia was not associated with
outcome for dogs and cats with head trauma.
Because hyperglycemia can potentiate neurologic
injury, iatrogenic hyperglycemia should be avoided in
patients with head trauma. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2001;218:1124–1129)
Comparison of tibial plateau angles in dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament injuries
Authors: Morris Ethan , Lipowitz Alan J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To measure and compare tibial plateau angles (TPA) of dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) injuries and dogs without CrCL injuries.Design—Prospective study.Animals—87 dogs.Procedure—Stifle joints were measured from lateral radiographic views to determine TPA in 3 groups: group-1 dogs had CrCL injuries, group-1a dogs, a subgroup of group 1, had 1 unaffected stifle joint, and group-2 dogs had no CrCL injuries. Age, sex, breed, body weight, limb injured, and TPA were recorded for each dog.Results—56 stifle joints were measured in group-1 dogs; mean TPA was 23.76°, and mean age and weight were 5.7 years and 37.91 kg (83.4 lb), respectively. Fourteen stifle joints were measured in group-1a dogs; mean TPA was 24.71°, and mean age and weight were 5.6 years and 38.06 kg (83.8 lb), respectively. Sixty stifle joints were measured in group-2 dogs; mean TPA was 18.10°, and mean age and weight of these dogs were 4.83 years and 35.85 kg (79 lb), respectively. The most common breeds included Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, and Rottweiler. The TPA of dogs in group 1 and group 1a were significantly greater than the TPA of dogs in group 2.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dogs with CrCL injuries have a significantly greater TPA than dogs without CrCL injury. With further investigation, a normal TPA can be determined. In the future, TPA measurements may be used to screen dogs suspected of being susceptible to CrCL injury. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:363–366)
Effect of vaccination on experimental infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs
Authors: Ellis John A. , Haines Deborah M. , West Keith H. , Burr J. Hilty , Dayton Arthur , Townsend Hugh G. G. , Kanara Edward W. , Konoby Carrie , Crichlow Ann , Martin Karen , Headrick Garland 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine comparative efficacy of vaccines administered IM and intranasally, used alone or sequentially, to protect puppies from infection withBordetella bronchisepticaand determine whether systemic or mucosal antibody response correlated with protection.Design—Randomized controlled trial.Animals—50 specific-pathogen-free Beagle puppies.Procedure—In 2 replicates of 25 dogs each, 14-weekold puppies that were vaccinated against canine distemper virus and parvovirus were vaccinated againstB bronchisepticavia intranasal, IM, intranasal-IM, or IMintranasal administration or were unvaccinated controls. Puppies were challenge exposed via aerosol administration ofB bronchiseptica2 weeks after final vaccination. Clinical variables and systemic and mucosal antibody responses were monitored for 10 days after challenge exposure. Puppies in replicate 1 were necropsied for histologic and immunohistochemical studies.Results—Control puppies that were seronegative before challenge exposure developed paroxysmal coughing, signs of depression, anorexia, and fever. Vaccinated puppies (either vaccine) that were seronegative before challenge exposure had fewer clinical signs. Puppies that received both vaccines had the least severe clinical signs and fewest lesions in the respiratory tract. Vaccinated dogs had significantly higher concentrations ofB bronchiseptica-reactive antibodies in serum saliva before and after challenge. Antibody concentrations were negatively correlated with bacterial growth in nasal cavity and pharyngeal samples after challenge exposure.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Parenterally and intranasally administered vaccines containingB bronchisepticamay provide substantial protection from clinical signs of respiratory tract disease associated with infection by this bacterium. Administration of both types of vaccines in sequence afforded the greatest degree of protection against disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:367–375)