bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The intellectual capital performance of the Indian banking sector
Authors: Barathi Kamath G. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe paper seeks to estimate and analyze the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC™) for measuring the value‐based performance of the Indian banking sector for a period of five years from 2000 to 2004.Design/methodology/approachAnnual reports, especially the profit/loss account and balance‐sheet of the banks concerned for the relevant years, were used to obtain the data. A review is conducted of the international literature on intellectual capital with specific reference to literature that reviews measurement techniques and tools, and the VAIC™ method is applied in order to analyze the data of Indian banks for the five‐year period. The intellectual or human capital (HC) and physical capital (CA) of the Indian banking sector is analysed and their impact on the banks' value‐based performance is discussed.FindingsThe study confirms the existence of vast differences in the performance of Indian banks in different segments, and there is also an improvement in the overall performance over the study period. There is an evident bias in favour of the performance of foreign banks compared with domestic banks.Research limitations/implicationsAll 98 scheduled commercial banks are studied as per the information provided by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)/India's Apex bank. Regional rural banks (RRBs), a segment of the indian banking sector, are not dealt with in the study since their number is large (more than 200), but they contribute only 3 percent of the market of Indian banks. This paper is a landmark in Indian banking history as it approaches performance measurement with a new dimension.Practical implicationsThe paper has strong theoretical foundations, which have a proven record and applications. The methodology adopted has been research tested. Domestic banks in India are provided with a new dimension to understand and evaluate their performance and benchmark it with global standards. The paper also has policy implications, as it reflects the lop‐sided growth of a few sections in the Indian banking segment.Originality/valueThe paper represents a pioneering and seminal attempt to understand the implications of the business performance of the Indian banking sector from an intellectual resource perspective.
Building community partnerships for diabetes primary prevention: lessons learned
Authors: Wong Julia , Wong Shirley , Weerasinghe Swarna , Makrides Lydia , Coward‐Ince Thelma 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo describe the process of building partnerships between a health professional group (university‐based researchers and organizations from within and outside the health sector) and the black communities, highlight the accomplishments and identify problems in the process.Design/methodology/approachThe description of the process of building partnerships with four black communities in Nova Scotia is organized in the following sections: the impetus for launching a Diabetes Primary Prevention for the Black Communities Project, its preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The accomplishments and the problems associated with the Project are analysed.FindingsRecruitment of participants for the focus groups was challenging. Response rate to survey questionnaire was moderate. Presentation of the Project results by one of the black Project assistants to the participant communities was well received. The Project was quite successful in encouraging community involvement by engaging community groups in several small‐scale activities. Three issues related to project implementation were identified: recruitment of focus groups, participant disappointment, and survey return rates. Strategies incorporating the principles of involving a target audience, providing a service, empowering people and respecting cultural diversity with the aim to ensure successful partnership building with the black communities were proposed.Originality/valueThis paper describes the process of forging partnership with the black communities. The results of the Project could serve as a paradigm for developing culturally sensitive and responsive strategies to lessen the burden of type 2 diabetes in other racial minority communities.
So you're thinking of buying an ERP? Ten critical factors for successful acquisitions
Authors: Verville Jacques , Bernadas Christine , Halingten Alannah 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to present a discussion of the critical success factors (CSF) that affect the acquisition process for enterprise resource planning (ERP) software.Design/methodology/approachThe research strategy was a multiple‐case design with three organizations that had recently completed the acquisition of an ERP solution. The rationale for the multiple‐case design was that, as a research strategy, the focus could be directed to understanding the dynamics and complexities present within each case, these being critical success factors of the ERP software acquisition process within the organization.FindingsThis study identified ten factors critical to the successful outcome of acquiring an ERP solution. Their omission would have resulted in a less than optimal outcome for the organization. For each of the three cases, the elements that stand out the most are as follows: clear and unambiguous authority, a structured, rigorous and user‐driven process, its planning, the establishment of criteria, and the sense of partnership that the team works to establish not only with various user commitments, but also with the potential vendor.Originality/valueIt is important to note that no one CSF alone is going to make an ERP acquisition successful. It is rather the combination of several critical factors that will result in its successful outcome.
On the criteria of content web search enablement
Authors: Radaideh Moh'd A. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo present an ongoing research effort based on previous industrial experience in the content management field.Design/methodology/approachThe project began with lessons learned while working in the IT industry. A model was then developed based on these lessons for managing content and enabling searching for content over the internet.FindingsThe author has used the proposed model both before and after joining academia a few years ago. The model works fine with some tune‐up from one case to another.Research limitations/implicationsAs this is ongoing research, the model will be subject to enhancements based on further lessons learned in the future.Practical implicationsThe proposed model has been used by the author on several projects and has led to good results in most cases.Originality/valueThe model itself and the approach followed to integrate content into enterprise systems are both novel.
Globalization at bay? Multinational growth and technology spillover
Authors: Zanfei Antonello 
Published: January 2007

PurposeFocuses on a specific aspect of globalization, namely the growing role of transnational corporations (TNCs) in the international organisation of production and innovation.Design/methodology/approachArgues that the nature and characteristics of international production are changing and new opportunities for technological spillover to host economies are associated to this change. However the available evidence on the actual economic impact of multinational expansion is shaky and contradictory. This seems to have led to a sort of deadlock in the current debate, which is much too often blocked in a sterile juxtaposition between pro‐global and anti‐global views based on rather weak empirical grounds.FindingsThe fact that there is limited uncontroversial evidence of positive effects of international production may have to do with the lack of institutional tools available to govern the globalization process. In other words, what is missing is a set of negotiated rules and institutions enabling the economies involved in international production activities to capture and share the potential benefits associated to it.Originality/valueSingles out the areas wherein new institutions are needed, and provides a few insights on some of the issues these institutions should address.
Adjusting P/E ratios by growth and risk: the PERG ratio
Authors: Estrada Javier 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to compare the performance of a low‐P/E strategy relative to that of two alternative value strategies, one based on the PEG ratio and another on the PERG ratio (a magnitude introduced in this article).Design/methodology/approachThe data used consists of a sample of 100 US companies between January 1975 and September 2002. Portfolios are formed on the basis of different valuation ratios, and their performance is compared in order to determine the best‐performing strategy.FindingsPortfolios sorted by PERG ratios outperform, on a risk‐adjusted basis, those sorted by both P/E ratios and PEG ratios. This outperformance occurs regardless of whether portfolios are not rebalanced, rebalanced every ten years, or rebalanced every five years.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample of stocks is not large. The results could be validated by using a larger sample of US stocks and a longer time period, as well as by using a sample of stocks from several international markets.Practical implicationsThe PERG ratio proposed in this article improves on the PEG ratio, adjusting the latter by risk. That, plus the fact that PERG‐based strategies outperform on a risk‐adjusted basis strategies based on both P/Es and PEGs, should make it an attractive tool to add to the arsenal of valuation tools used by analysts.Originality/valueA new valuation tool is proposed, called the PERG ratio, that adjusts P/E ratios by both growth and risk (or, similarly, PEG ratios by risk).
Is economic value added more associated with stock return than accounting earnings? The UK evidence
Authors: Ismail Ahmad 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe paper seeks to examine the claim of EVA® advocates of its superiority as a financial metric compared with other measures.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a sample of 2,252 firm‐year observations from the UK market and applies panel data regressions to test the relative information content of EVA and other accounting measures and the incremental information content of EVA components in explaining stock return.FindingsIt is found that net operating profit after tax and net income outperform EVA and residual income in explaining stock return; it was also found that accruals and operating cash flow have significant incremental information content, while the accounting adjustments of EVA proponents have significantly less contribution in explaining stock return. Yet the paper concludes that other variables must be considered in order to capture the unexplained variation in stock return models.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should include US and UK data in the same sample and examine whether the conclusions are maintained.Originality/valueFor a set of cross‐sectional time series data, ordinary least square (OLS) regressions produce biased results and inaccurate estimates of the parameters coefficients; however, this paper applies panel data regressions.
The “Strategic States Model”: strategies for business growth
Authors: Pehrsson Anders 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose is to show that it is necessary for a company to choose a business strategy that relies on a thorough understanding of the company setting.Design/methodology/approachThe Strategic States Model is presented and illustrated by the Ericsson case. Advices on application of the model are presented.FindingsThe case shows that a search for an optimum business strategy means competitiveness.Practical implicationsIn applying the Strategic States Model, management would be advised to formulate business strategy step‐by‐step.Originality/valueThe article turns theoretical research into advices that are valuable for companies when they choose business strategies. The case shows that practical company situations can be generalized in accordance with strategy models.
Variation in day‐case nasal surgery – why cannot we improve our day‐case rates?
Authors: Hopkins C. , Browne J. , Slack R. , Brown P. 
Published: February 2007

Objectives:  The NHS plan states that 75% of all elective operations should be performed as day‐cases. We set out to evaluate day surgery rates in sinonasal surgery and to identify factors limiting current practice.Study Design and Setting:  Prospective multicentre cohort study.Participants:  3128 patients undergoing sinonasal surgery during 2000 and 2001.Outcome Measures:  Same day discharge, complication and readmission rates.Results:  There is potential selection bias due to the non‐random selection of NHS Trusts and patients in this study. However, as results are similar to Hospital Episode Statistics data such bias is probably small. Only 15.5% of all procedures are performed as day surgery. We are achieving day‐case rates of 18, 20 and 6% for nasal polypectomy, intranasal antrostomy and extensive FESS respectively, compared with recently published targets of 90%, 80% and 50%. Factors significantly associated with overnight admission were use of packs, extensive surgery, excess post‐operative bleeding and high ASA grade. There was considerable unexplained variation in day‐case rates and the use of packs between different surgeons. A third of consultants pack all patients post‐operatively. More than 51% of consultants admit all patients, while 5% discharge all patients on the day of surgery. There were no excess adverse events or readmissions amongst the day surgery patients. However, only 17% of in‐patients would have liked to be discharged on the day of surgery. Both patient and surgeon must overcome resistance to day case surgery before targets can be reached.Conclusions:  Strategies for improving day‐case rates in sinonasal surgery.All ASA grade 1 and 2 patients could be considered for day‐case surgery, but particularly those with less extensive disease on radiography, and those planned to undergo less extensive procedures. Excess peri‐operative bleeding was reported in 6% of patients. There must therefore be provision for overnight admission if required. Greater utilisation of day‐case units, selective use of packs, and earlier removal may increase the proportion of patients managed as day‐cases. There remains considerable variation in practice at both consultant and trust levels. Units should continue to audit their own figures and compare them against national rates in order to reduce nationwide variation in practice.
Testing the gravity hypothesis of sexual size dimorphism: are small males faster climbers?
Authors: BRANDT YONI , ANDRADE MAYDIANNE C. B. 
Published: January 2007

Summary

Moya‐Laraño et al. (2002; Evolution 56, 420–425) showed that female‐biased sexual size dimorphism is more pronounced in tree‐dwelling spider species than in species inhabiting lower‐lying substrates. They proposed the Gravity Hypothesis for sexual size dimorphism: small size should be advantageous for males in habitats where successful mate searching requires climbing, because mass‐specific power and hence the speed of climbing against gravity, must decrease with increasing size.
Their biomechanical model is based on a false premise, that the cross‐sectional area of a muscle determines its power output. In fact, muscle power is proportional to muscle volume, and hence mass‐specific power should be independent of size. We therefore predict, contrary to the Gravity Hypothesis, that climbing speed should be independent of body size.
We tested these contrasting predictions using adult male Western black widow spiders Latrodectus hesperus, a species in which males span a broad range of sizes.
In accordance with our prediction, and contrary to the Gravity Hypothesis, we found no relationship between vertical climbing speed and any of a series of size measures, whereas on a horizontal surface, speed was positively related to size.
Our results, as well as the error we exposed in the biomechanical model underlying the Gravity Hypothesis, indicate that selection for vertical climbing speed in males cannot account for patterns of sexual size dimorphism in spiders.
Scaling of insect metabolic rate is inconsistent with the nutrient supply network model
Authors: CHOWN S. L. , MARAIS E. , TERBLANCHE J. S. , KLOK C. J. , LIGHTON J. R. B. , BLACKBURN T. M. 
Published: January 2007

Summary

The nutrient supply network model of the metabolic theory of ecology predicts that metabolic rate scales as mass0·75 at all hierarchical levels.
An alternative, cell size, model suggests that the scaling of metabolic rate is a by‐product of the way in which body size changes, by cell size or number, or some combination thereof. It predicts a scaling exponent of mass0·75 at the widest interspecific level, but values of mass0·67−1·0 for lower taxonomic groups or within species.
Here these predictions are tested in insects using 391 species for the interspecific analysis, and the size‐polymorphic workers of eight ant species at the intraspecific level. In the latter, the contribution of ommatidium size and number to variation in body length, which is closely related to eye size, is used to assess the relative contributions of changes in cell size and number to variation in body size.
Before controlling for phylogeny, metabolic rate scaled interspecifically as mass0·82. Following phylogenetic correction, metabolic rate scaled as mass0·75.
By contrast, the intraspecific scaling exponents varied from 0·67 to 1·0. Moreover, in the species where metabolic rate scaled as mass1·0, cell size did not contribute significantly to models of body size variation, only cell number was significant. Where the scaling exponent was < 1·0, cell size played an increasingly important role in accounting for size variation.
Data for one of the largest groups of organisms on earth are therefore inconsistent with the nutrient supply network model, but provide support for the cell size alternative.
CD4+ CD8+ T cells in young and elderly humans. Comment on Macchia I, Gauduin MC, Kaur A, Johnson RP. Expression of CD8α identifies a distinct subset of effector memory CD4+ T lymphocytes. Immunology 2006; 119:232–42
Authors: Herndler‐Brandstetter Dietmar , Schwanninger Angelika , Grubeck‐Loebenstein Beatrix 
Published: February 2007

SummaryPeripheral CD4+ CD8+ T cells have been described in animals as well as in humans. Two distinct populations can be distinguished, namely CD4lo CD8hi and CD4hi CD8lo T cells. We demonstrate here that the increase in the number of peripheral CD4+ CD8+ T cells in the elderly is the result of an increase of the CD4lo CD8hi T‐cell population. While the phenotype of CD4lo CD8hi and CD4hi CD8lo T cells was very similar in young persons, CD4hi CD8lo, T cells from elderly subjects expressed a more differentiated phenotype and produced less interleukin‐2 compared to CD4lo CD8hi T cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that aging leads to a phenotypic and functional difference between CD4+ CD8+ T‐cell subsets. It may therefore be of relevance to distinguish between these subsets before assessing their functional significance in elderly humans.
Dental enamel defects in children with coeliac disease
Authors: WIERINK CLAAR D. , VAN DIERMEN DENISE E. , AARTMAN IRENE H. A. , HEYMANS HUGO S. A. 
Published: February 2007

Objective.  The aim of this study was to investigate whether Dutch children with proven coeliac disease show specific dental enamel defects, and to asses whether children with the same gastrointestinal complaints, but proved no‐coeliac disease, lack these specific dental enamel defects.Materials and methods.  Eighty‐one children (53 coeliac patients and 28 control subjects) were examined during the period 2003–2004 in the Oral Surgery Outpatient Clinic of the Academic Medical Centre in Amsterdam.Result.  Twenty‐nine (55%) coeliac patients had enamel defects against 5 (18%) control subjects. In the coeliac disease group, the enamel defects were diagnosed as specific in 20 (38%) children, compared with 1 (4%) in the control group. Statistical analysis showed significantly more specific enamel defects in children with coeliac disease than in children in the control group (χ2 = 12.62, d.f. = 2, P = 0.002).Conclusion.  This study showed significantly more specific enamel defects in Dutch children with coeliac disease as compared with children in the control group. Dentists could play an important role in recognizing patients with coeliac disease.
Prevalence of fractures in women with intellectual disabilities: a chart review
Authors: Schrager S. , Kloss C. , Ju A. W. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground  Numerous studies have demonstrated high rates of osteoporosis and fractures in women with intellectual disabilities (IDs). All of the studies use either institutionalized women or women in the community recruited at adult day‐care centres or specialty clinics. We examined the prevalence of fractures in women with IDs who attend a primary care clinic, and assessed osteoporosis‐prevention/intervention activities.Methods  This was a chart review study. Charts were identified of women with an ICD‐9 diagnosis code for ID, Down syndrome or developmental disabilities. All charts reviewed were patients of one of 13 family medicine clinics affiliated with Department of Family Medicine, the University of Wisconsin.Results  A total of 93 charts were reviewed. More than 32% (30/93) of the charts contained a history of an adult‐onset fracture. Increasing age, being postmenopausal and taking anticonvulsant medications were significantly associated with having a fracture. The average age of first fracture was 41.7 years. Of the women with a fracture, 35.5% were placed on a medication to maintain bone density, 67.7% received a recommendation for a calcium supplement, and 38.7% obtained a bone density test.Discussion  The prevalence of fractures in women with IDs attending a family medicine clinic was very high, and fractures occurred at young ages. Primary care providers need to consider women with IDs at a high risk for fractures and begin preventive counselling in young women.
Language comprehension in boys with fragile X syndrome and boys with Down syndrome
Authors: Price J. , Roberts J. , Vandergrift N. , Martin G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common known inherited cause of intellectual disability, yet very few studies have explored the language comprehension skills of children with FXS. We examined the receptive vocabulary, grammatical morphology and syntax skills of boys with FXS (who were additionally classified as having autism, autism spectrum, or no autism) and compared them to boys with Down syndrome (DS) and typically developing (TD) boys at similar non‐verbal developmental levels.Methods The Vocabulary, Grammatical Morphology, and Elaborated Phrases and Sentences subtests of the Test for Auditory Comprehension of Language – 3rd Edition (TACL‐3) were administered annually up to three times to assess the language comprehension skills of 35 boys with FXS without autism, 24 boys with FXS with autism spectrum, 19 boys with FXS with autism, 45 boys with DS and 40 TD boys at similar non‐verbal cognitive levels.Results After controlling for non‐verbal cognition and maternal education levels, we found that the three groups of boys with FXS did not differ from each other but scored lower than the TD boys in language comprehension. The boys with DS scored lower in language comprehension than boys with FXS without autism and TD boys. For all of the groups, scores for receptive vocabulary, grammatical morphology and syntax did not differ.Conclusions Boys with FXS and boys with DS differed in receptive language levels, demonstrating unique language profiles for each syndrome. Language comprehension appears to be an important area to target in assessment and intervention for both populations.