bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of traumatic tibial defects using free vascularized fibula or Ilizarov bone transport: A comparative study
Authors: El‐Gammal Tarek A. , Shiha Anis E. , El‐Deen Mohamed Alam , El‐Sayed Amr , Kotb Mohamed M. , Addosooki Ahmad I. , Ragheb Yasser Farouk , Saleh Waleed Riad 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThere are several options for the treatment of traumatic tibial defects. Among these options, free vascularized fibula and Ilizarov bone transport are well‐known and effective techniques. The differences between both techniques and the indications for each of them are not well studied in the literature. Between September 1995 and December 2004, Ilizarov bone transport and free vascularized fibula were used to treat 25 traumatic bone. Patients were divided into two groups, Ilizarov group (12) and free fibula group (13). Preoperative data, operative data, duration of treatment, functional outcome, range of motion loss, number of secondary procedures, and type and rate of complications were compared in both groups. All the cases were ultimately united in both groups. Operative time and blood loss were significantly higher in the free fibula group. Although external fixation time was longer in the Ilizarov group, the overall duration of treatment was similar. Range of motion loss was less in the Ilizarov group, but the overall functional outcome was similar. There was no difference in complication rate, or number secondary procedures. Defect size was found to have the most significant effect on the results. Results were much better in the free fibula group when the defect length was 12 cm or more while the results were better in Ilizarov group when the defect length was less than 12 cm. We recommend using free vascularized fibula for traumatic tibial defects of 12 cm or more, whenever experience is available. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Soft tissue augmentation for restoration of facial contour deformities using the free SCIA/SIEA flap
Authors: Nasir Serdar , Aydin Mustafa Asim , AltuntaŞ Selman , Sönmez Erhan , Şafak Tunç 
Published: June 2008

AbstractReconstruction for facial contour deformities is still a challenging process and treatment for most cases is achieved only by soft tissue augmentation. The use of free tissue transfer offers the advantage of one step vascularized soft tissue augmentation. This article summarized the authors' use of de‐epthelialized free superficial circumflex iliac artery/superficial inferior epigastric artery flap for facial contour deformities. Of these patients, two had hemifacial microsomia, one depressed scar, and one had hemifacial progressive atrophy. Stable restoration of the facial contour was achieved in all patients. The advantages of this flap are numerous. Two surgical teams may work at the same time for flap harvesting and recipient area preparation. A wide flap may be planned for large contour deformity to achieve one single stage augmentation. Pedicle course of this flap allows primary defating without disturbing distal flap circulation when in need of a thin flap for mild contour deformity. Donor site may be closed with bikini (abdominoplasty) incision, which has excellent esthetic outcome compared to other flaps. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Replantation of amputated finger composite tissues with microvascular anastomosis
Authors: Chai Yimin , Kang Qinglin , Yang Qingcheng , Zeng Bingfang 
Published: June 2008

AbstractReplantation of the partial amputated finger or the composite tissue in finger would achieve better functional and esthetical results than any reconstructive procedure. In this article, we report the results of microsurgical partial finger or composite tissue replantation at different anatomic sites of 24 fingers in 21 patients. Microvascular anastomosis was performed in all cases of replantation. For the digital palmar and lateral composite tissue defects, the proper palmar digital artery and volar or dorsal subcutaneous veins were repaired by end‐to‐end anastomoses. For the digital dorsal defects, the blood supply was reestablished by arterialization of a dorsal central vein in the replanted part with one of the proper palmar digital arteries. The average follow‐up period was 12.3 months. Twenty‐two of 24 fingers survived completely with good functional and esthetic results. Two replantations failed because of vascular complications. In conclusion, if the vascular vessels in amputations of partial finger and composite tissue of finger are suitable for anastomosis, a successful replantation of these parts with excellent functional and esthetical recovery can be achieved. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Reversal of toe clawing in the patient with neuropathy by neurolysis of the distal tibial nerve
Authors: Dellon A. Lee , Steck Jerome K. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe distinction between hammer toes and clawed toes is poorly emphasized. The neural origin of clawing in the foot is related to the lateral plantar nerve, and suggests that surgical treatment directed at decompression or neurolysis of the lateral plantar nerve may either reverse or prevent progression of intrinsic motor paralysis. The purpose of this report is to provide criteria to distinguish between the musculoskeletal imbalances that creates hammer versus clawing of the toes, and to demonstrate examples of improvement in clawing that resulted from neurolysis of the tibial nerve and the lateral plantar nerve. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Semiautomatic analysis of serum triglycerides and cholesteryl esters by infrared absorption
Authors: Freeman N. K. , Lampo E. , Windsor A. A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAn instrument has been developed for the semiautomatic analysis of mixtures of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. The method is based on high‐resolution infrared spectrophotometry, and has previously been shown to be applicable to the determination of these components in the nonionic fraction of human serum lipids. A simple nonrecording grating spectrophotometer has been suitably modified to carry out this analysis; and appropriate computing circuitry has been coupled with it for performing the two‐component calculation. The supplementary electronics consist of operational amplifiers, a logarithmic conversion circuit, a digital voltmeter, and a printer. Automatic operation is accomplished by a control mechanism, which programs the measurements, the steps in the calculations, and print‐out of the results. Sample preparation consists of an extraction of lipids from serum in such a way as to exelude phospholipids. This may be done in a single step, although a two‐step procedure—total lipid extraction followed by adsorption separation of the phospholipids—appears to be more reliable. Measurements are made on a solution of the neutral lipid fraction in carbon tetrachloride.
The use of the computer in serum lipid and lipoprotein analysis
Authors: Jensen L. C. , Ewing A. M. , Wills R. D. , Lindgren F. T. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe usefulness of computers in data evaluation is generally recognized; however, the problem of utilizing a computer in the most intelligent manner deserves careful consideration.Several programs are described which aid in serum lipid and lipoprotein analysis. Two programs requiring a minimum of manual measurements have been developed to analyze gas‐liquid chromatograms. These programs perform many operations including erratums for baseline, linearity, Gaussian resolution, and variation in column conditions. The presentation in some detail of one of these programs for NCH elemental analysis illustrates the development and refinement of a program for a specific instrument. Finally, a general purpose statistical analysis program has been developed which greatly aids in summarizing and correlating data from these programs, as well as other sources, such as ultracentrifugal data.
Measurement of carbon‐14 and tritium in the effluent of a gas chromatography column
Authors: Karmen Arthur 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSeveral methods of measuring radioactivity in the effluent of a gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC) column are reviewed. If there is sufficient radioactivity in individual compounds to be measurable with acceptable precision in less than 15‐20 see, the effluent of a GLC column can be assayed for radioactivity during the course of an analysis. The effluent can be passed directly through a heated ionization chamber or proportional counter but both of these are some‐what sensitive to changes in the composition of the gas. The effluent can also be combusted to carbon dioxide and water, and the water then converted to HT for tritium assay. These gases can then be assayed in an ionization chamber, proportional counter or flow‐through scintillation counter at ambient temperature. The detector volume and gas flow rate can then be large so that changes in gas composition that occur during the course of an analysis are minimized. The gas flow is adjusted for optimal speed of response. Combustion trains have been developed that minimize memory effects in tritium assays that otherwise can cause difficulties. Convenient calibration methods are available for setting up the methods and for determining their efficiencies. When there is insufficient radioactivity in the sample to be measurable during a short time interval, the effluent can be fractionated, high boiling material in each fraction can be condensed out and assayed for radioactivity for longer periods. Automatic and quantitative fraction collecting devices have been developed for use with liquid scintillation counters that make this method of radioassay accurate as well as highly sensitive.
Methods of isolation and identification of volatile compounds in lipids
Authors: Angelini Pio , Forss D. A. , Bazinet M. L. , Merritt Charles 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTechniques are described for the collection, separation and identification of the volatile compounds produced in lipids by oxidation or irradiation. Methods employed are high vacuum distillation followed by wide range programmed temperature gas chromatography and rapid scanning mass spectrometry. Efficacy of the methods is discussed.
Composition of the CnH2n‐8 fraction from an alkylation reaction
Authors: Flanagan P. W. , Hamming M. C. , Evens F. M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe CnH2n‐8 distillation cut from the alkylation of benzene with tridecyl chlorides using AlCl3 catalysis has been examined. Spectroscopic techniques (mass spectra, infrared, ultraviolet and nuclear magnetic resonance) were not able to resolve the question of whether these compounds are indans or tetralins. Aromatization of the distillation cut using a Pd/C catalyst gave a mixture of 1,4‐dialkylnaphthalenes, showing that the starting material was almost completely of the tetralin structure.
Observations on response factors for thermal conductivity detectors in GLC analysis of fatty acid methyl esters
Authors: Herb S. F. , Magidman Paul , Riemenschneider R. W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractVarious erratum factors have been proposed for quantitative analysis of fatty acid methyl ester mixtures by isothermal gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC) employing thermal conductivity detectors in an effort to obtain more accurate values. These factors include multiplication of the area of each peak by the square root of the molecular weight of each component before calculating the percentage of each compound in the mixture or applying erratums for relative molar response for saturated esters and relative mass response for unsaturated esters. These proposed factors are not valid erratums for detector response but fortuitously are approximate compensations for lack of optimum operating conditions for each component. This is shown from the analysis of a number of standard fatty acid methyl ester mixtures by isothermal and programmed temperature GLC where the detector is maintained under identical conditions. Isothermal GLC requires different factors each time operating conditions are altered appreciably while proper temperature programming required little or no erratums depending on the particular mixture of methyl esters.
Conjugation of soybean oil by decomposition of its iron tricarbonyl complex with carbon monoxide
Authors: Frankel E. N. , Metlin S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSoybean and other vegetable oils are conjugated by decomposing their iron tricarbonyl complexes with carbon monoxide at elevated pressures. This procedure converts the iron tricarbonyl moiety of the complex into iron pentacarbonyl, which is recovered for reuse. When iron carbonyl‐complexed soybean oil is heated at 180‐200C at CO pressures of 1090‐3750 psi, 90‐97% of the complex is decomposed into Fe(CO)5 and conjugated soybean oil. At 180C and 3600 psi CO, 84% of the Fe(CO)5 is recovered, and 82% of the polyunsaturates in the oil is conjugated. At 200C and 1090 psi CO, 98% of the Fe(CO)5 is recovered, but the oil is less conjugated (75%). The studies point the way to a possibly economical process for conjugating vegetable oils by consecutive reactions with Fe(CO)5 and CO.
Urethane foams from animal fats. II. Reaction of propylene oxide with fatty acids
Authors: Scholnick F. , Monroe H. A. , Saggese E. J. , Wrigley A. N. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPropylene oxide has been reacted with 9,10‐dihydroxystearic acid to form polyol components for urethane foams. The alkali‐catalyzed reaction proceeds slowly until the first mole of propylene oxide is absorbed and thereafter at a higher rate. For other substrates, the initial reaction proceeds most readily with alcohols and decreases in speed with increasing acidity of the hydroxyl group.Threo‐anderythro‐9,10‐dihydroxystearic acids were reacted with approximately 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 moles of propylene oxide. Both series of the resulting polyols were liquid, unlike corresponding oxyethylated derivatives, which were solids in theerythro series. A small amount of unsaturation was observed in the reaction products in accord with previous studies. The liquid polyols can be used conveniently in the preparation of rigid urethane foams.
Urethane foams from animal fats. III. Oxypropylated dihydroxystearic acids in rigid foams
Authors: Saggese E. J. , Scholnick Frank , Zubillaga Marta , Ault Waldo C. , Wrigley A. N. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractLiquid polyols consisting ofthreo‐orerythro‐9,10‐dihydroxystearic acid previously reacted with 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 moles of propylene oxide were adjusted with triisopropanolamine to equivalent weight 100. Using trichlorofluoromethane as blowing agent and triethylenediamine as catalyst, the adjusted polyols were foamed by reaction with a prepolymer made from oxypropylated sorbitol and tolylene diisocyanate.The resulting rigid foams had densities between 1.6 and 2.0 lb/ft3, the densities for thethreo series being parallel to but higher at each stage of oxypropylation than those of theerythro series. Compressive strengths in theerythro series ranged from 19 psi for the monooxypropylated compound to 38 psi for the octaoxypropylated member; in thethreo series from 27 to 39 psi. Properties improved in both series as the degree of polyol oxypropylation increased. This contrasted with foams prepared earlier from oxyethylated polyols, whose properties generally reached maxima at intermediate degrees of oxyethylation. Using the tetra‐and hexaoxypropylatedthreo polyols, the proportion of blowing agent was varied to relate compressive strength to density of foams between 1.4 and 4 lb/ft3.
Conductivity analysis for free fatty acids in oil from glandless cottonseed
Authors: Velasco James 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAttempts to determine free fatty acids in petroleum ether extracts of cottonseed and crude cottonseed oil by conductivity measurements were unsuccessful due to interference of gossypol. With new strains of glandless cottonseed, which do not contain gossypol, analysis of free fatty acids by conductivity was successful on both the petroleum ether extracts and on the crude oil. An important advantage of conductivity over titration is that sample preparation is eliminated, since conductivity measurements are made on the oil extracts from the total oil determination.
Countercurrent distribution of alkali‐isomerized methyl linolenate with an argentation system
Authors: Scholfield C. R. , Butterfield R. O. , Peters Helen , Glass C. A. , Dutton H. J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe isomerized product obtained by heating linolenic acid with potassium hydroxide in ethylene glycol at 165C for 30 min was separated into urea‐adduct‐forming (AF) and nonurea‐adductforming (NAF) materials. Both were converted to methyl esters and fractionated by countercurret distribution (CCD) between hexane and 0.2N silver nitrate in 90% methanol. Some of the CCD fractions were further fractionated by low‐temperature crystallization from acetone.The AF material consisted largely of trienoate containing triene conjugation and of trienoate containing diene conjugation. The NAF material was composed of the same two components and cyclic esters.
Acetalization of aldehyde oils by catalysis with cation‐exchange resins
Authors: Beal R. E. , Anders D. E. , Black L. T. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAldehyde oils produced on a pilot‐plant scale gradually polymerized at room temperature and became extremely viscous or solidified in a few weeks. Initial viscosity level was maintained by converting the oils to acetals by use of a strong cation resin catalyst which, it was found, does not cause appreciable transesterification. Aldehyde conversion was determined by infrared absorbance at 2720 cm‐1. The effects of amount of alcohol and resin on degree of conversion were studied. Storage studies indicate that the acetal oils must be protected from oxidation.
Chick feeding tests on treated tung meals
Authors: Holmes R. L. , Spadaro J. J. , Watts A. B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn attempts to detoxify tung meal, batches were treated with gaseous ammonia at 100 psi at room temp and at 110C, also at 110C with phosphoric acid, with sodium carbonate, and with urea, and by benzene extraction. The analyses of the meals for total, ammonia and nonprotein nitrogen, and for pH are given. The treated meals were fed to chicks by replacing half the protein in a standard chick ration by protein from the tung meals. All treatments except benzene extraction greatly reduced toxicity of the meal, but no ration containing tung meal was equal to the standard chick ration in its effect on rate of growth. The best meal was that treated with ammonia. The average gain in weight of chicks in 21 days (15th to 36th day) on the ration containing this meal was 247 g compared to 325 g for the chicks on the standard ration. None of the rations containing treated meals killed any chicks except the benzene‐extracted meal. The untreated meal killed 23 out of 40 chicks and the survivors gained only 88 g in 21 days.
Relationship betweenAspergillus flavus growth fat acidity, and aflatoxin content in peanuts
Authors: Pattee H. E. , Sessoms Sandra L. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe influence of fungal growth, under standardized conditions, on fat acidity in large‐seeded Virginia‐type peanuts inoculated withAspergillus flavus and relationships between fat acidity and aflatoxin, a toxic metabolite produced byA. flavus were studied. Fat acidity increased quadratically and was highly correlated with visible fungal growth. A lag in aflatoxin production in relation to fat acidity increase was noted; fat acidity reached 60 mg KOH per 100 g kernels before aflatoxin became detectable. This relationship suggests that a rapid method of determining fat acidity might be used to sereen peanut samples for the possible presence of aflatoxin. A rapid method of determining fat acidity is cited and compared with the official A.O.A.C. method.
Farm sales policy and cotton decline should soon affect soybean crushing volume
Authors: Malone Patrick J. 
Published: June 2008

ConclusionIn conclusion, the rate of farm sales over the nearterm will play a very major role in determining this seasons soybean crushings. As pointed out the major statistics which are the result of the shortfall in cottonseed production this fall imply that the potential for a 30 to 40 million bushel increase in soybean crushings this season is present.
Mechanisms of analgesic action of pulsed radiofrequency on adjuvant‐induced pain in the rat: Roles of descending adrenergic and serotonergic systems
Authors: Hagiwara Satoshi , Iwasaka Hideo , Takeshima Naozumi , Noguchi Takayuki 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTPulsed radiofrequency (PRF) has been reported to be effective in the treatment of several types of pain. The mechanism of action, however, is not well known. In a recent study, the antinociceptive effects of acute thermal pain were shown to be mediated via descending pain inhibitory pathways. In this study we observed an analgesic effect of PRF treatment in an adjuvant induced inflammatory pain model in rats. In this model, sciatic nerves were treated with PRF at 37° and 42°, which inhibited hyperalgesia in the inflammatory groups when compared to RF and sham treatment. This effect was attenuated after intrathecal administration of the alpha2‐adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine, the selective 5‐HT3 serotonin receptor antagonist MDL72222, and the non‐selective serotonin receptor antagonist methysergide. All three drugs were found to significantly inhibit the analgesic effect of PRF. The results suggest that the analgesic action of PRF involves the enhancement of noradrenergic and serotonergic descending pain inhibitory pathways.
HSV‐1 ICP27 suppresses NF‐κB activity by stabilizing IκBα
Authors: Kim Jin Chul , Lee Soo Yun , Kim Sang Young , Kim Jeong Ki , Kim Hye Jin , Lee Hee Min , Choi Mi Sun , Min Jung Sun , Kim Mi Jee , Choi Hyang Soon , Ahn Jeong Keun 
Published: June 2008

MINT‐6549405:

IkappaBalpha (uniprotkb:P25963) physically interacts (MI:0218) with ICP27 (uniprotkb:Q9J0X9) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)
MINT‐6549385:

IkappaBalpha (uniprotkb:P25963)physically interacts (MI:0218) with ICP27 (uniprotkb:Q9J0X9) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
MINT‐6549372:

IkappaBalpha (uniprotkb:P25963) physically interacts (MI:0218) with ICP27 (uniprotkb:Q9J0X9) by pull down (MI:0096)
OSL ages on glaciofluvial sediment in northern Lower Michigan constrain expansion of the Laurentide ice sheet
Authors: Schaetzl Randall J. , Forman Steven L. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe report new ages on glaciofluvial (outwash) sediment from a large upland in northern Lower Michigan—the Grayling Fingers. The Fingers are cored with > 150 m of outwash, which is often overlain by the (informal) Blue Lake till of marine isotope stage (MIS) 2. They are part of an even larger, interlobate upland comprised of sandy drift, known locally as the High Plains. The ages, determined using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) methods, indicate that subaerial deposition of this outwash occurred between 25.7 and 29.0 ka, probably associated with a stable MIS 2 ice margin, with mean ages of ca. 27 ka. These dates establish a maximum-limiting age of ca. 27 ka for the MIS 2 (late Wisconsin) advance into central northern Lower Michigan. We suggest that widespread ice sheet stabilization at the margins of the northern Lower Peninsula, during this advance and later during its episodic retreat, partly explains the thick assemblages of coarse-textured drift there. Our work also supports the general assumption of a highly lobate ice margin during the MIS 2 advance in the Great Lakes region, with the Fingers, an interlobate upland, remaining ice-free until ca. 27 ka.