bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fulminant hepatitis in infants in Taiwan: Strong association with hepatitis B e antigen‐negative but antibody‐positive maternal hepatitis B surface antigen carriage
Authors: HSU HEY‐CHI , CHANG MEI‐HWEI , LEE CHING‐YUN , CHEN DING‐SHINN 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis study examined the virologic profiles and pathologic features in 10 infants with fulminant hepatitis and aged 2–7 months. Nine male infants were related to hepatitis B virus infection: as evidenced by positive anti‐HBc IgM (4 cases); positive serum HBsAg, and/or liver HBcAg (4 cases); or born to an HBsAg carrier mother (1 case). Only one female infant had presumed non‐A non‐B fulminant hepatitis, but none had hepatitis A. The mothers of eight infants with HBV‐ralated fulminant hepatitis were all positive for serum HBsAg, and most (5/6) were negative for HBeAg but positive for anti‐HBe. These findings suggest that infants born to HBsAg carrier mothers, particularly those who are negative for HBeAg, may contract fulminant hepatitis B in infancy in Taiwan. Six infants studied had massive hepatic necrosis and all died, whereas four had submassive or bridging hepatic necrosis and all survived, suggesting a close correlation between the extent of liver necrosis and the patient's outcome. None of the infants had hepatocyte HBsAg, although four had cytoplasmic HBcAg. Anti‐HBc IgM was commonly detected (4/6), in sharp contrast to the constant negativity in infants who had contracted an asymptomatic HBV infection. These findings suggest that cytoplasmic HBcAg and anti‐HBc IgM may be related to the occurrence of severe liver disease.
Simultaneous determination of multiple markers of primary liver cancer:Diagnostic significance
Authors: WU JIAN‐WEN , MENG XIAN‐YONG , XU KE‐CHENG , SHI YI‐CAI , WEI QUN 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSimultaneous determination of serum levels of specific γ‐glutamyltransferase isoenzyme II (GGTII) and alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme I (ALPI), α1‐antitrypsin (αAT) and α‐fetoprotein (AFP) was carried out in 101 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC), 60 with liver cirrhosis, 66 with chronic hepatitis, 14 with benign space occupying lesion of the liver and 100 normal subjects. The positivity rates for GGTII, ALPI, α1AT and AFP in patients with PLC were 85.1%, 24.8%, 75.1% and 76.2% respectively; significantly higher than those in the other patients and normal subjects. In the PLC group, the positivity rates for combined determination of AFP and GGTII or α1AT were 93.1% and 92.1% respectively, significantly higher than single determination of AFP. The results of simultaneous determination of GGTII, ALPI, α1AT and AFP in the area of PLC patients showed that the sensitivity of at least one positive marker was as high as 98% and the specificity of at least two positive markers was 94.3%. Of PLC patients with AFP ≤ 50 ng/ml; ≤ 200 ng/ml and ≤ 400 ng/ml, 91.7%, 93.8% and 90.5% respectively, were diagnosed with combined determination of GGTII, ALPI and α1AT. Thus, simultaneous determination of GGTII, ALPI, α1AT and AFP is useful in the diagnosis of PLC, especially PLC with negative AFP or slightly increased AFP.
The close relationship between interleukin‐1 and fibroblast proliferating factor from peripheral mononuclear cells of patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis
Authors: NIITSU YOSHIRO , KOHGO YUTAKA , BUNYA MANABU , KOHDA KYUHEI , ITOH NOBUYUKI , OHWADA MINORU , MORITA KOHETSU , MATSUURA KUNIHIKO , WATANABE NAOKI , URUSHIZAKI ICHIRO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe role of peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC) was investigated in patients with hepatic fibrosis of chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis. PMNC from these patients released more fibroblast proliferating factor (FPF) in the conditioned medium than those PMNC from normal subjects in response to PHA stimulation. Production of FPF by PMNC from CAH patients was also observed in response to liver specific protein (LSP) which might act as a naturally occurring antigen in vivo.Analysis of FPF on gel permeation chromatography revealed two active components with molecular weight of 60000 (FPF‐1) and 18000 (FPF‐II). Both FPF‐I and FPF‐II exerted thymocyte proliferating activity, but not cytotoxic T cell line (CTLL) proliferating activity, indicating that they are closely related to interleukin‐1 (IL‐1).Isoelectrofocusing of FPF‐I and FPF‐II disclosed that each factor consisted of two peaks at similar pI: 5.3 and 7.0. Taking account of the fact the IL‐1 consisted of two molecular forms of pI—5.4 (IL‐1α) and 7.0 (IL‐1β)—FPF‐II is considered to be IL‐1, which is a mixture of IL‐1α and IL‐1β, and FPF‐I is probably the aggregated form of FPF‐II.This assumption was further supported by the evidence that macrophages, which are the major source of IL‐1 in patients with chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis, also released significantly higher amounts of FPF than those from normal subjects in response to stimulation by lipopolysaccharide. It was therefore concluded that in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, production of an IL‐1, or a factor similar to IL‐1, by PMNC is increased in response to mitogen or LPS.
The relationship between duck hepatitis B virus infection and duck liver diseases in Qitong, China
Authors: WANG QUAN‐YING , YANG GUANG‐XIAO , YE WEI‐FA 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe relationship between duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infection and duck liver diseases was analysed by spot and gel blot hybridization in sera and liver tissues. One hundred and forty ducks were obtained from Qitong county in China. The DHBV‐infected rate was 65.7% and the incidence of duck liver diseases was 70%. The state of DHBV DNA was free in the hepatocytes. The detection rate of DHBV DNA in liver was higher than in serum. The results showed that Qitong duck liver diseases are closely correlated to DHBV infection. The incidence of Qitong duck liver diseases and the DHBV infection rate were different in various species of ducks. Qitong ducks have several hepatic pathological changes as seen in human beings. Therefore, Qitong ducks are most appropriate as an experimental model for human HBV infection.
IMPROVED ANIMAL MODELS FOR HALOTHANE HEPATITIS
Authors: RICE S.A. , MAZE M. , SMITH C.M. 
Published: March 2008

Halothane hepatotoxicity in Fischer 344 Rats pretreated with isoniazid Halothane hepatotoxicity in guinea pigs. SUCRALFATE AND ASPIRIN INDUCED GASTRIC BLOOD LOSS Palliation of Pancreatic Carcinoma 'USER FRIENDLY COLONIC TRANSIT ASSESSMENT
A morphologic study of gastric carcinoma in southern India
Authors: RAMAKRISHNA B. , KURIAN S. , MATHAN M.M. , BHAKTAVIZIAM A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA detailed histologic and histochemical analysis of resected specimens of stomach showed that in southern India the intestinal type of gastric carcinoma was the most prevalent. This suggests that this region is a high risk area for gastric carcinoma. A minority of patients (16%) were below 40 years of age but the prevalence of chronic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia was not higher in this age group. Possible factors contributing to the aetiology are discussed.
Clinical utility of a simple quantitative determination of hepatitis B e antigen
Authors: KURAI KIYOHIKO , IINO SHIRO , OKA HIROSHI , NAITO SHIGEKO , TSUDA FUMIO 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe titre of serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was determined by using a simple quantitative system which is a slight modification of a commercially available enzyme immunoassay, and the relationship of serum HBeAg titre, hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐associated DNA polymerase activity and HBV DNA level was evaluated. The HBeAg titre was found to have a significant correlation with DNA polymerase activity (r= 0.8153) and HBV DNA level (r= 0.8001). In 12 acute exacerbations of hepatitis in 10 patients with chronic type B hepatitis, these three parameters were found to be elevated either prior to or concurrent with the elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase, and the HBeAg titre peaked either simultaneously with or 1–4 weeks after the peaks of DNA polymerase activity and HBV DNA level, with average time lags of 1.00 weeks (s.d. = 1.29) and 1.08 weeks (s.d. = 1.25), respectively. Quantified HBeAg can be considered as a serum marker indicative of HBV replication, as is the case with DNA polymerase and HBV DNA. Furthermore, the HBeAg assay has the advantages of simplicity and low cost and it does not require special equipment. Therefore, quantification of HBeAg should be employed widely in clinical practice.
Atrial natriuretic peptide in alcoholic cirrhosis
Authors: WOOD LAURENCE J. , MASSEY DENISE , COLMAN JOHN C. , DUDLEY FRANCIS J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSodium retention in cirrhosis could result from a deficiency of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or end‐organ resistance to ANP. Venous levels of α‐human ANP (αhANP) measured in 19 alcoholic cirrhotics by radio‐immunoassay were in the higher end of the normal range (29.7 pg/ml, s.d. = 17.2) and tended to increase with development of ascites or varices. Arterial levels of αhANP were not related to right atrial pressure but were related inversely to pulse rate. There was significant splanchnic (mean = 37.2%, s.d. = 19.5) and non‐splanchnic clearance (mean = 30.3%, s.d. = 17.1) of αhANP. The percentage extraction of αhANP across the splanchnic bed (%E ANP splanchnic) was not related to portal pressure, effective hepatic plasma flow or degree of intrahepatic shunting. The %E ANP splanchnic increased as functional liver cell mass (antipyrine clearance) decreased (r= 0.592, P= 0.034). Despite increased splanchnic clearance, αhANP levels increased with a fall in functional liver cell mass presumably due to increased release. Renal sodium retention in cirrhosis does not involve a deficiency of αhANP but increased end‐organ resistance needs to be excluded.
Synergism of chronic alcoholism and hepatitis B infection in liver disease
Authors: CHUNG HAU‐TIM , LAI CHING‐LUNG , WU PUI‐CHEE , LOK ANNA S. F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstratOne hundred and fifty‐seven patients with alcoholic liver disease were studied. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was positive in 20.4% of the patients. Those who were positive for the HBsAg presented at an earlier age, had a lower albumin level, a higher globulin level, a more prolonged prothrombin time, were more likely to have features of cirrhosis in the liver biopsy, and were probably more likely to suffer from hepatic encephalopathy in the follow‐up compared with those negative for HBsAg. The mortality of subjects was low both on admission and during follow‐up. It is concluded that chronic alcoholism and hepatitis B virus infection act synergistically in producing more severe liver damage and causing cirrhosis at a younger age compared with chronic alcoholism alone. One possible reason for the low mortality of the patients might have been their relatively good nutritional status.
Anti‐pre‐S antibodies in different groups of patients with hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: IRSHAD M. , GANDHI B. M. , ACHARYA S. K. , JOSHI Y. K. , TANDON B. N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstratThe anti‐pre‐S antibody in the samples of sera from normal healthy persons and patients with different clinical types of liver diseases due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was detected by a newly established enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay technique. This test is a blocking assay where anti‐pre‐S antibody in the patient's serum blocks subsequent addition of horse radish peroxidase‐labelled polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA) to the pHSA‐receptor site of HBsAg molecules fixed on a solid surface. Anti‐pre‐S activity was not detected in any from 95 healthy persons who were negative for all HBV‐markers or from 105 healthy HBV carriers. In 12 sera from HBV vaccine recipients, anti‐pre‐S activity was noted in higher proportions compared with anti‐HBs, after both the second and third doses of vaccine. Anti‐pre‐S activity was detected in small proportions of HBsAg positive sera from acute viral hepatitis (4.2%) and chronic active hepatitis (10%). In subacute viral hepatitis patients, the anti‐pre‐S antibody was totally absent. However, anti‐pre‐S activity was recorded in high proportions of HBsAg‐positive sera from patients with cirrhosis of liver (57.2%) and fulminant hepatitis (41.6%). The anti‐pre‐S antibodies were assumed to be implicated in the clearance of HBV particles from circulation without causing tissue damage.
Duodenoscopic sphincterotomy for acute suppurative cholangitis
Authors: TANDON R. K. , SARASWAT V. A. , KAPUR B. M. L. , VASHISHT S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTFifteen patients (eight males, seven females; age range: 23–76 years) presenting with acute suppurative cholangitis underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and sphincterotomy within 1–10 days of hospitalization. Cholangitis was due to common duct stones in all patients; all but one of them had their gall‐bladders in situ. All of them had fever, jaundice, abdominal pain, leucocytosis and deranged liver function while 26.6% were in shock, 13.3% in coma and 40% in azotaemia. Cardiac or other associated diseases caused 21% of the patients to be high risk candidates for surgery. An adequately sized sphincterotomy was done in 14 (93.3%) patients; in eight of them it was immediately followed by a successful stone extraction while in another four patients either the stone passed out spontaneously (one patient) or was retrieved by a repeat basketing. Thus, the common bile‐duct was cleared of stones in 80% patients. Of 14 patients with satisfactory sphincterotomy, 11 (73.3%) had a dramatic clinical improvement, two (14.3%) had a somewhat delayed benefit and one patient died due to unrelieved cholangitis. Ten patients subsequently underwent elective cholecystectomy while three patients continue to have their gall‐bladders in situ. There has been no recurrence of biliary tract symptoms in these 13 patients during the subsequent 3–26 months (mean follow‐up: 15.1 months). It is concluded that urgent duodenoscopic sphincterotomy is rewarding in patients with acute suppurative cholangitis when it is performed early.
Influence of posture on transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation and gastro‐oesophageal reflux in the dog
Authors: LITTLE ANDREW F. , COX MICHAEL R. , MARTIN CHRISTOPHER J. , DENT JOHN , FRANZI STEPHEN J. , LAVELLE ROGER 
Published: March 2008

AbstratThe hypothesis that suppression of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation (TLOSR) in recumbent postures in the dog is dependent upon the sensing of a gastric pool of liquid in proximity to the lower oesophageal sphincter was examined. Constant gastric insufflation with air (80 ml/min) was used to evoke TLOSR in unsedated, fasting animals. Oesophageal motility was monitored with a perfused manometric sleeve catheter assembly. Gastro‐oesophageal flow was recognized manometrically and by oesophageal pH recording. TLOSR occurred significantly less frequently in three recumbent positions (right lateral, left lateral and supine) than when the dog stood on four legs, but was more likely to be associated with acid reflux when they occurred in recumbent positions. Aspiration of the gastric pool was found to have no effect on triggering of TLOSR although it reduced the frequency with which acid reflux was associated with TLOSR. It is concluded that the low rate of occurrence of TLOSR in recumbent positions is unlikely to be explained by the presence of a gastric pool of liquid in proximity to the lower oesophageal sphincter.
Acute viral hepatitis: An aetiological study of 253 patients
Authors: RASSAM S. W. , GOUDEAU A. M. , DUBOIS F. , AL‐KHOURY B. N. , AL‐DEEN J. A. MUHYEE , SADIK A. M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTwo hundred and fifty‐three cases of acute viral hepatitis admitted to Ibn Al‐Khateeb Infectious Disease Hospital, Baghdad, were studied prospectively regarding the viral aetiological agent. The most common cause was infection with one of the non‐A, non‐B viruses (51%). The second most common cause was infection with the hepatitis B virus (32%); two of these patients had hepatitis δ‐co‐infection. Hepatitis A virus was responsible for 15% of the cases, and hepatitis δ‐virus superinfection in 2% of the cases.
Plasma human atrial natriuretic peptide levels in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: UEMURA KAZUYUKI , OGUCHI HISAO , KIYOSAWA KENDO , FURUTA SEIICHI 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTPlasma levels of human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) were investigated in patients with liver cirrhosis, and the relationships between plasma hANP levels and the following factors were studied: presence of ascites, serum and urine electrolytes, plasma renin activity, angiotensin I and II, aldosterone, catecholamines, prostaglandin derivatives, conventional liver function tests and circulating blood volume.Plasma hANP level was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in patients with ascites (mean = 58.6 pg/mL, s.e.m. = 8.8) compared with cases without ascites (mean = 36.6 pg/mL, s.e.m. = 2.6). With the disappearance of ascites, the level fell to normal in most cases. Urine sodium excretion was positively correlated with plasma hANP in patients without ascites, but not in patients with ascites. The plasma hANP level was disproportionately high for the rate of urinary Na excretion in cirrhotics with ascites. The plasma hANP level was not correlated with any of the other factors such as blood volume, renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone levels, catecholamines and liver function tests.These results suggest that plasma hANP levels are elevated in cirrhotic patients especially with ascites, but the natriuretic response of the kidney to this raised hANP level can be impaired in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites.
Plasma membrane fluidity in isolated rat hepatocytes: A comparative study using DPH and TMA‐DPH as fluorescent probes
Authors: BENEDETTI ANTONIO , FERRETTI GIANNA , CURATOLA GIOVANNA , BRUNELLI EUGENIO , JÉZÉQUEL ANNE MARIE , ORLANDI FRANCESCO 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe study of membrane fluidity is a rapidly expanding field of research and its interest in hepatology has been stressed recently. The present study is the first report concerned with the determination of membrane fluidity of isolated rat hepatocytes. The data have been compared with those obtained in plasma membrane fractions and subfractions (basolateral or canalicular) derived from homogenates. The fluorescent probes used to measure the fluidity were diphenylhexatriene (DPH) a ‘classical’ probe, and its derivative trimethylammoniodi‐phenxylhexatriene (TMA‐DPH) at 25°C and at 37°C. The values obtained with DPH were lower than those with TMA‐DPH, probably due to the localization of the probes in different regions of the phospholipid bilayer. In addition, DPH revealed significant differences in the fluorescence polarization values obtained in isolated hepatocytes compared with membrane fractions, which was in contrast to TMA‐DPH, where the respective values were of the same order of magnitude. This behaviour is probably due to the mobility of DPH in the membrane core and its rapid internalization into the cell, whereas TMA‐DPH remains anchored for a long time on the cell surface. These findings suggest that TMA‐DPH is a better probe than DPH for measuring the fluorescence polarization of whole isolated hepatocytes and that the use of different probes might be of help in exploring different zones of the membrane bilayer.
Applications of molecular genetics to gastrointestinal and liver diseases. II. Clinical relevance
Authors: SUMMERS KIM M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAbstract The use of DNA probes within or near disease genes is becoming increasingly important in clinical medicine. Probes are available for prenatal and carrier diagnosis for several of the more than 100 genetic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. These include familial adenomatous polyposis, haemochromatosis, cystic fibrosis, α1‐antitrypsin deficiency and the hereditary porphyrias. This review uses examples drawn from such diseases to show the relevance of these approaches to the clinician.
Changing aetiologic patterns of acute viral hepatitis in Taiwanese children
Authors: HUANG LI‐MIN , CHANG MEI‐HWEI , HONG JIN‐YANG , LEE CHIN‐YUN , CHEN DING‐SHINN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAbstract During 1981–86, 76 children were diagnosed as having acute viral hepatitis at the Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, which is a major referral centre for hepatitis in children in northern Taiwan. The majority (64%) of children had acute hepatitis B which had occurred mainly during infancy. Perinatal transmission from a hepatitis B e negative surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier mother or infection through blood transfusion from a donor who had escaped notice by a less sensitive screening test (reverse passive haemagglutination test) for HBsAg were the two important modes of transmission of hepatitis B virus.The number of cases of acute hepatitis B declined after 1984, with the beginning of the nation‐wide hepatitis B vaccination programme. Due to an outbreak of hepatitis A in northern Taiwan in 1982, the number of cases of hepatitis A peaked that year. Subsequently, cases of acute hepatitis A decreased remarkably. Better socio‐economic conditions and improved hygiene might have contributed to the marked decrease of viral hepatitis A. The frequency of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis remained stable during the study period.It is possible to conclude that the aetiologic pattern of acute hepatitis in Taiwanese children changed during the past 6 years: clinical cases of hepatitis A and B decreased, probably because of more effective control of hepatitis A and B virus infections, whereas the control of non‐A, non‐B virus apparently requires further efforts.
Gall‐bladder and sphincter of Oddi response to cholecystokinin in the Australian possum
Authors: IANNOS J. , SACCONE G. T. P. , BUSHELL M. , BAKER R. A. , TOOULI J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK‐OP) on the gall‐bladder (GB) and sphincter of Oddi (SO) of the Australian brush tailed possum were examined in 45 anaesthetized animals. CCK‐OP (20–640 ng/kg) consistently caused the GB to contract in a dose‐dependent manner (Kruskal Wallis P<0.05). In 20 animals, the same dose range of CCK‐OP produced an excitatory response in the SO, increasing the SO motility index (MI = frequency of contractions x mean peak amplitude) dose‐dependently (Kruskal Wallis P < 0.05). In five animals, an inhibitory response, that is, a decrease in MI, was recorded, with 640 ng/kg of CCK‐OP producing a 50% decrease in MI. In the remaining 20 animals, variable responses of both excitation and inhibition were elicited within the same animal. The action of CCK‐OP on the SO and GB was not modified by atropine, phentolamine or propranolol. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) reversed the inhibitory responses of the SO to CCK‐OP such that responses were excitatory (sign test P<0.05). TTX did not alter the response of the GB to CCK‐OP. It is concluded that CCK‐OP acts directly on smooth muscle receptors of the GB. In the SO, its action is mediated via non‐cholinergic, non‐noradrenergic inhibitory neurons and also by a direct excitatory action on the smooth muscle of the SO.
Multiplicity of newly established monoclonal antibodies against hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: OHZU KYOKO , HASEGAWA KIYOSHI , YAMAUCHI KATSUMI , OBATA HIROSHI 
Published: March 2008

Abstract To identify tumour‐associated cell surface antigens of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we established three monoclonal antibodies against a well established human HCC line, hu‐H2. One of these, designated as KY‐1, reacted with several HCC lines and a majority of peripheral blood lymphocytes. A second monoclonal antibody, KY‐2, reacted only with HCC cell lines but not with others. With this KY‐2 antibody, which was highly specific for HCC, HCC tissue was positively stained. A third monoclonal antibody, KY‐3, reacted with HCC lines and many other malignant cell lines, but not with non‐malignant cells.These results indicate that at least three different tumour‐associated molecules are expressed on human HCC.