bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Joint Genomewide Linkage Analysis of Symptoms of Alcohol Dependence and Conduct Disorder
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Kuo Po‐Hsiu , Todd Webb B. , Kalsi Gursharan , Neale Michael C. , Sullivan Patrick F. , Walsh Dermot , Patterson Diana G. , Riley Brien , Prescott Carol A. 
Published: October 2006

Background: A large linkage peak for alcohol dependence (AD) was detected on chromosome 4q in the Irish Affected Sib Pair Study of Alcohol Dependence (IASPSAD). Are the susceptibility genes underlying this peak specific for AD or do they increase risk for externalizing disorders more generally? Can we, in the IASPSAD, replicate prior evidence for linkage to conduct disorder (CD)?Methods: The 733 all possible sibling pairs in IASPSAD were typed for 1,020 short‐tandem‐repeat genetic markers. Univariate and bivariate linkage analyses were conducted by the program sequential oligogenic linkage analysis routines (SOLAR), for both the raw and the transformed number of symptoms of AD (ADsx) and number of symptoms of CD (CDsx). In the bivariate analyses, specificity was assessed by the ratio of the variance accounted for in ADsx and CDsx by the quantitative trait locus.Results: In the univariate linkage analyses, no evidence for linkage to CDsx was found under the 4q peak for ADsx and the largest peaks for CDsx were seen on chromosomes 1q (LOD=3.16) and 14p (LOD=2.36). In the bivariate linkage analysis, the 4q peak had high specificity for AD (AD/CD ratio of 39.9). Several smaller peaks, on chromosomes 1, 7, and 10, had moderate specificity for CD but also impacted on risk for AD, with AD/CD ratios of 0.18 to 0.32.Conclusions: Genes under the 4q linkage peak for AD in the IASPSAD impact specifically on risk for AD rather than more broadly on risk for externalizing syndromes. Suggestive linkages were found in several locations for CD, 2 of which broadly replicate prior findings. The bivariate analyses identified genomic locations containing susceptibility loci that impacted on risk for both CDsx and ADsx.
EURAP Outcomes for Seizure Control during Pregnancy: Useful and Encouraging Data
Authors: Pennell Page B. 
Published: October 2006

Seizure Control and Treatment in Pregnancy: Observations from the EURAP Epilepsy Pregnancy Registry EURAP Study Group Neurology 2006;66:354–360 Objective To analyze seizure control and treatment in pregnant women with epilepsy. Methods Seizure control and treatment were recorded prospectively in 1,956 pregnancies of 1,882 women with epilepsy participating in EURAP, an international antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and pregnancy registry. Results Of all cases, 58.3% were seizure-free throughout pregnancy. Occurrence of any seizures was associated with localization-related epilepsy (OR, 2.5; 1.7 to 3.9) and polytherapy (OR, 9.0; 5.6 to 14.8) and for tonic–clonic seizures, with oxcarbazepine monotherapy (OR, 5.4; 1.6 to 17.1). Using first trimester as reference, seizure control remained unchanged throughout pregnancy in 63.6%, 92.7% of whom were seizure free during the entire pregnancy. For those with a change in seizure frequency, 17.3% had an increase and 15.9% a decrease. Seizures occurred during delivery in 60 pregnancies (3.5%), more commonly in women with seizures during pregnancy (OR, 4.8; 2.3 to 10.0). There were 36 cases of status epilepticus (12 convulsive), which resulted in stillbirth in one case but no cases of miscarriage or maternal mortality. AED treatment remained unchanged in 62.7% of the pregnancies. The number or dosage of AEDs were more often increased in pregnancies with seizures (OR, 3.6; 2.8 to 4.7) and with monotherapy with lamotrigine (OR, 3.8; 2.1 to 6.9) or oxcarbazepine (OR, 3.7; 1.1 to 12.9). Conclusions The majority of patients with epilepsy maintain seizure control during pregnancy. The apparently higher risk of seizures among women treated with oxcarbazepine and the more frequent increases in drug load in the oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine cohorts prompts further studies on relationships with pharmacokinetic changes. Risks associated with status epilepticus appear to be lower than previously reported.
The Spitzer Infrared Spectrometer view of V4334 Sgr (Sakurai's Object)
Authors: Evans A. , Tyne V. H. , Van Loon J. Th. , Smalley B. , Geballe T. R. , Gehrz R. D. , Woodward C. E. , Zijlstra A. A. , Polomski E. , Rushton M. T. , Eyres S. P. S. , Starrfield S. G. , Krautter J. , Wagner R. M. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We present an observation of the very late thermal pulse object V4334 Sgr (Sakurai's Object) with the Infrared Spectrometer (IRS) on the Spitzer Space Telescope. The emission from 5–38 μm is dominated by the still-cooling dust shell. A number of features are seen in absorption against the dust shell, which we attribute to HCN and polyyne molecules. We use these features to determine the 12C/13C ratio for the absorbing gas to be ∼3.2+3.2−1.6; this implies that, despite the H-content of the molecules, the hydrocarbon-bearing gas must have originated in material produced in the very late thermal pulse. We see no evidence of emission lines, despite the recently-reported optical and radio observations that suggest the effective temperature of the stellar remnant is rising.
Fusion of Fungicidal Peptide dhvar4 to Enterococcal Peptide Pheromone Increases Its Bactericidal Activity against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Wan Lin , Yang Hao , Zhang Jie , Li Shengfu , Kang Mei , Li Youping , Cheng Jingqiu 
Published: October 2006

Bacterial peptide pheromone has a high affinity to its membrane receptor. Fusion of these peptides to pore‐forming antimicrobial peptide might enhance its bactericidal activity against pheromone‐sensing bacteria. We constructed two chimeric peptides by fusing the pore‐forming fungicidal peptide dhvar4 to the C‐terminus of enterococcal peptide pheromones cCF10 and cOB1 individually. Comparison on the bactericidal activities against pheromone‐sensing bacteria Enterococcus faecalis demonstrates that the chimeric peptides cCF10–dhvar4 and cOB1–dhvar4 are more potent than the parent peptide dhvar4. The LD50s of both chimeric peptides (1.0 μm) are 10 times lower than that of dhvar4 (10.8 μm). Free peptide pheromone could inhibit E. faecalis killing mediated by both chimeric peptides. As same as that of the parent peptide, both chimeric peptides kill bacteria by disrupting its cell membrane. These results indicate that fused enterococcal peptide pheromone increases the bactericidal activity of fungicidal peptide against E. faecalis by improving its ability to reach the cell membrane.
Transcending the Boundary of Death: Ecclesiastes Through a Nabokovian Lens
Authors: Carasik Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCh. 12 of Ecclesiastes depicts a scene that combines elements of the death of a person with others that describe the death of an entire world. Vladimir Nabokov's novel Invitation to a Beheading ends with a similar scene. Both Nabokov's writings and his biography suggest that he shared Qohelet's view of life "under the sun" as hevel, but his own experience as a creator led him to believe that there is a higher-order reality than our own. The literary technique described here was Nabokov's attempt to show how one might cross the boundary into that higher reality. With a particular focus on Nabokov's novel Pale Fire, I will argue that the parallel to Ecclesiastes suggests that the writer of Eccl. 12:9-14 was also the writer of that entire book, who chose to drop the persona of Qohelet at the end of his book and speak as himself, to burst through the boundaries of death (in 12:7) and offer a view of the world that the Qohelet persona could not perceive.
Paul and the Introspective Conscience of Martin Luther: The Impact of Luther's Anfechtungen on His Interpretation of Paul
Authors: Chester Stephen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAll his life Martin Luther experienced what he calls his Anfechtungen, his struggles with spiritual despair and guilt. As is well known, these struggles yielded his "Reformation Discovery" that the righteousness of God in Rom. 1:17 is not the punitive righteousness by which a wrathful God punishes sinners, but the gift of his own righteousness through faith in Christ to all who believe. In recent decades, following the influential lead given by the work of Krister Stendahl, Pauline scholars have often assumed that Luther is guilty of simple anachronism, projecting back onto Paul his own guilty conscience. This article subjects that assumption to careful scrutiny, tracing Luther's reading of Philippians 3 across various texts. Although Luther does not discuss Paul's conscience as an issue in its own right, he in fact repeatedly assumes that Paul's pre-conversion conscience was robust. The article moves on to consider how this finding coheres with Luther's overall reading of Paul, the manner in which he thinks about Paul's post-conversion Christian conscience, and the parallels that Luther does draw between his own biography and that of Paul. These parallels are significant, but do not include a guilty conscience. Luther does not project his own introspective struggles back onto Paul. The paper concludes with an exploration of the origins of the idea that Paul had an introspective conscience and a consideration of the implications of its findings for current "new perspective" debates.
Narrative Surprise in Biblical Parallels
Authors: Alster Baruch 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSurprise is a common narrative technique, but as it is based on the implied reader's 'false impressions', it undermines the reliability of the narrator, which can be a problem in biblical literature. This article attempts to show that the use of surprise in the Bible corresponds to each story's literary and theological goals. I do this by comparing three pairs of parallel narratives: David's bringing the Ark to Jerusalem in 2 Samuel 6 and 1 Chronicles 13 and 15; Moses' sending messengers to Sihon in Deuteronomy 2 and Numbers 21; and the spies' counsel against conquering the land in Deuteronomy 1 and Numbers 13–14. The first of each pair includes a narrative surprise, while the second conveys the same information without surprise. In the first two pairs—the Ark and Sihon—I find that the use of surprise or lack of it corresponds to the literary and ideological goals of each narrative. In the third pair—the Spies—I find that the supposed surprise in Deuteronomy blatantly contradicts the main theme of the narrative. But by taking into account its Numbers counterpart, and by assuming that the reader of the former has at least partial prior knowledge of the latter (an assumption backed up by a number of previous studies), I find that there is indeed no real surprise in the narrative.
In Go(l)d We Trust: Literary and Economic Currency Exchange in the Debate over Caesar's Coin (Mark 12:13-17)
Authors: Cadwallader Alan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe intricate connection between inscription, place and economics in the ancient world is carefully carved in the debate over the payment of taxes to Caesar. The application of a Marxist reading strategy that draws on historical and spatial materialism not only opens up the complex interplay of location, denarius and monetary legend in the story but also raises important questions about the incorporation of this story into further inscribed forms. Mark and Marx enter into a sustained dialogue about the ability of inscription to subvert religio-political power.
La Cohérence narrative de 2 Rois 3: Une Réponse à Jesús Asurmendi La Cohérence narrative de 2 Rois 3: Une Réponse à Jesús Asurmendi
Authors: Wénin André 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLa finale de 2 R 3 fait problème, comme l'a souligné dans un article récent J. Asurmendi (BibInt 13 [2005] 1-12). Selon lui, seule une étude historico-critique peut éclairer ce point qui résiste à l'analyse narrative. Cependant, si on considère que les vv. 1-3 font partie de l'exposition du récit, si on pousse l'enquête narrative plus loin et si on s'interroge sur l'ellipse dans le dernier verset, une cohérence d'ensemble apparaît. De soi, un dénouement avorté n'est pas impossible pour un récit, surtout lorsque celui-ci est intégré à une trame épisodique. Ici, il est même compréhensible dans la dynamique du récit. Dès le début de son règne, Yoram se détourne partiellement de l'idolâtrie de ses parents (v. 2), ce que confirme plus loin sa disposition à consulter Élisée et son insistence lorsque celui-ci le rabroue (vv. 12-13). Mais il ne se détourne pas pour autant de l'apostasie de Jéroboam (v. 3) ; aussi ne réagit-il pas lorsque Israël décampe devant la colère du dieu de Moab suite à l'holocauste du premier-né de Mésha (vv. 25-27) au lieu d'exécuter jusqu'au bout la demande d'Élisée de détruire toutes les villes de Moab une fois la victoire donnée par Yhwh (vv. 18-19). La finale de 2 R 3 fait problème, comme l'a souligné dans un article récent J. Asurmendi (BibInt 13 [2005] 1-12). Selon lui, seule une étude historico-critique peut éclairer ce point qui résiste à l'analyse narrative. Cependant, si on considère que les vv. 1-3 font partie de l'exposition du récit, si on pousse l'enquête narrative plus loin et si on s'interroge sur l'ellipse dans le dernier verset, une cohérence d'ensemble apparaît. De soi, un dénouement avorté n'est pas impossible pour un récit, surtout lorsque celui-ci est intégré à une trame épisodique. Ici, il est même compréhensible dans la dynamique du récit. Dès le début de son règne, Yoram se détourne partiellement de l'idolâtrie de ses parents (v. 2), ce que confirme plus loin sa disposition à consulter Élisée et son insistence lorsque celui-ci le rabroue (vv. 12-13). Mais il ne se détourne pas pour autant de l'apostasie de Jéroboam (v. 3) ; aussi ne réagit-il pas lorsque Israël décampe devant la colère du dieu de Moab suite à l'holocauste du premier-né de Mésha (vv. 25-27) au lieu d'exécuter jusqu'au bout la demande d'Élisée de détruire toutes les villes de Moab une fois la victoire donnée par Yhwh (vv. 18-19).
Computational framework for the prediction of transcription factor binding sites by multiple data integration
Authors: Ambesi-Impiombato Alberto , Bansal Mukesh , Liò Pietro , di Bernardo Diego 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Control of gene expression is essential to the establishment and maintenance of all cell types, and its dysregulation is involved in pathogenesis of several diseases. Accurate computational predictions of transcription factor regulation may thus help in understanding complex diseases, including mental disorders in which dysregulation of neural gene expression is thought to play a key role. However, biological mechanisms underlying the regulation of gene expression are not completely understood, and predictions via bioinformatics tools are typically poorly specific.
We developed a bioinformatics workflow for the prediction of transcription factor binding sites from several independent datasets. We show the advantages of integrating information based on evolutionary conservation and gene expression, when tackling the problem of binding site prediction. Consistent results were obtained on a large simulated dataset consisting of 13050 in silico promoter sequences, on a set of 161 human gene promoters for which binding sites are known, and on a smaller set of promoters of Myc target genes.
Our computational framework for binding site prediction can integrate multiple sources of data, and its performance was tested on different datasets. Our results show that integrating information from multiple data sources, such as genomic sequence of genes' promoters, conservation over multiple species, and gene expression data, indeed improves the accuracy of computational predictions.
Serum neopterin levels in patients with replicative and nonreplicative HBV carriers
Authors: Kaleli Ilknur , Demir Melek , Cevahir Nural , Yılmaz Mustafa , Demir Suleyman 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes complicated biochemical, immunological and histological changes in host immune response against the virus which can be specific or non-specific. Recent attention has focused on neopterin as a marker for the activation of cell mediated immunity. The aim of this study was to define the pattern of neopterin levels in replicative and nonreplicative HBV carriers.

Methods
Thirty HBV replicative carriers and 25 nonreplicative HBV carriers and 30 healthy adult patients were included this study. Hepatitis markers were determined by commercial kit based on chemilumminesans assay. HBV DNA was quantified by hybrid capture system. Serum neopterin levels were measured by the method of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results were expressed as mean ± SD and ranges.

Results
In the nonreplicative group, except for one patient, all the patients' HBeAg were negative and anti-HBe were positive. That particular patient was HBeAg positive and anti-HBe negative. In the replicative group, 23 out of 30 patients have positive HBeAg and negative anti-HBe; 7 out of 30 patients have negative HBeAg and positive anti-HBe. Serum neopterin concentrations were 14.5 ± 10.0 (4.2–41) nmol/L in replicative HBV carriers, 8.9 ± 4.3 (2.1–22) nmol/L in nonreplicative HBV carriers and 7.1 ± 2.2 (4.0–12) nmol/L in the control group. Serum neopterin levels and the rates of abnormal serum neopterin levels in the replicative group were higher than the control group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). In the nonreplicative group, serum neopterin levels were not different from those of the control. There was a difference between replicative and nonreplicative groups in the respect of neopterin levels.

Conclusion
In the hepatitis B infected carriers, elevated neopterin levels may be an indicator of the presence of replication.
Chondrosarcoma of the spine: A rare case with unusual presentation
Authors: Panelos John , Voulgaris Spyridon , Michos Evangelos , Doukas Michael , Charalabopoulos Konstantinos , Batistatou Anna 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the third most common primary malignancy of bone, affecting primarily the pelvic and shoulder girdles and being extremely rare in the spine. Herein, we present a case of a 65-year-old woman with a rare chondrosarcoma of the spine, who presented with clinical symptoms from the lung metastasis. The neoplasm was grade II and exhibited overexpression of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. The latter has been associated with a high propensity for distant metastases.
Hypopharyngeal diverticulum
Authors: Kuhn Frederick A. , Sessions Donald G. , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe diagnosis and surgical management of 26 patients with hypopharyn‐geal diverticulum treated in the Department of Otolaryngology of the Washington University Medical School from 1961 to 1973 is discussed. The surgical technique for external excision of the diverticulum is described in detail. Results and complications are presented. The surgical excision of hypophaiyngeal diverticulum is a standard, safe, and proven method of management which can be expected to result in satisfactory long‐term results with minimal morbidity.
Theory of hearing — cellular approach
Authors: Anderson Ernest G. , Nagle Duane W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA model was developed to simulate the combination of Davis's electrical model of cochlear excitation and the electrical model of a neuron; both afferent and efferent fibers were included. The resulting model was stimulated by varying the hair cell resistance. This is equivalent to varying the sound pressure level presented to the cochlea in the physiological system. It was found that, in the normal ear, there was a critical level of hair cell resistance below which no firings were obtained (no information transmitted) . The scala media potential was varied and the previous tests repeated. This was done to simulate changes in the stria vascularis of the physiological system.It was found that as the scala media potential decreased, the critical value of the hair cell resistance increased. Two clinical procedures are proposed: the first is a procedure to improve hearing for persons with a “linear or flat loss”; the second is a procedure for improving the hearing for persons with a “ski slope loss.”
The effect of aerobic metabolism dissociation on the innervation of the guinea pig cochlea
Authors: Spector Gershon J. , Carr Charles D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFluorocitrate, a metabolic inhibitor of the Krebs' cycle at the aconitase hydrolase reaction (E.C. 4.2.1.3) and succinic dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.3.99.1) but not the respiratory carrier enzymes (NADH2‐D [E.C. 1.6.99.3] and the cytochromes [E.C. 1.9.3.1]), produces a time and dose related cochlear neural dystrophy by uncoupling aerobic from anaerobic metabolism. Neural degeneration appears to be the result of a dissociation of biochemical reactions which prevents proper utilization of organic fuel molecules for the generation of energy and a direct or indirect inhibition of neural respiration. Since fluorocitrate acts on nerve cell bodies and not directly on axons, it produces initially damage in the afferent nerves and in the spiral ganglia and later in the efferent nerves, whose cell bodies are in the pons. This study provides a biochemical model for selectively damaging the cochlear sensory neurons.
Causes of failure of mastoidectomy for chronic otitis media.
Authors: Nadol Joseph B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe operative findings of 66 patients who underwent revision mastoid surgery for recurrent chronic otitis media were analyzed for the causes of failure of the primary procedures. Recurrent cholesteatoma was found in 41% of the canal wall down and 70% of the canal wall up procedures requiring revision. Additional causes of failure included granulation tissue in unexenterated cells, particularly in the tegmental cells (41% of all cases and 64% of cases without cholesteatoma) and cells of the sinodural angle (38% of all cases and 58% of cases without cholesteatoma). The need for thorough exenteration of cells, particularly the tegmental cells and cells of the sinodural angle, mastoid tip, and facial recess, and the importance of lowering the facial ridge in canal wall down procedures were stressed.Following these principles, the success rate in creating a dry ear in 48 patients who had undergone from one to three previous mastoid procedures was 85% (mean follow‐up three years).
X‐Linked mixed hearing loss: Four case studies.
Authors: Bento Ricardo Ferreira , Miniti Aroldo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo present four cases of an X‐linkcd inner ear malformation, the authors studied inner ear malformations and present here all the radiological, genetic, and audiologicnl tests of these patients.The importance of this paper is to reinforce the differential diagnosis between this pathology and otosclerosis in order to avoid surgical procedures.
Improved technique for the diagnosis of atypical nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Qin Dexing , Hu Yuhua , Gu Xianazhi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is the most commonly seen tumor in the head and neck region, especially in south China. Diagnosis of this cancer is still difficult particularly in the following atypical conditions
Patients presenting with neck lymphadenopathy only, while the primary lesion is hidden beneath the apparently normal mucosa of the nasopharynx.
Patients having positive serum Epstein‐Barr virus antibody titer but without any apparent lesion in the nasopharynx.
We have tried to improve the instrument used to obtain the cytology specimen by using a gauze ball; the guiding of the biting biopsy by spraying hydrogen peroxide; and the biopsy of submucosal lesions by using the multiple‐hole needle. The technique and the preliminary results are presented.
Nasofrontal abscess following rhinoplasty
Authors: Barat Michael , Shikowitz Mark J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInfections are the most common objective complication following rhinoplasty. They may remain localized, extend intracranially, or result in generalized septicemia. The most common infections involve the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the nose. We report an uncommon case of nasofrontal abscess following a rhinoplasty that required aggressive surgical and medical treatment.