bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A TRP channel is expressed in Spodoptera littoralis antennae and is potentially involved in insect olfactory transduction
Authors: Chouquet B. , Debernard S. , Bozzolan F. , Solvar M. , Maïbèche‐Coisné M. , Lucas P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe molecular characterization of post‐receptor actors involved in insect olfactory transduction has yet to be understood. We have investigated the presence of a Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel in the peripheral olfactory system of the moth Spodoptera littoralis. A cDNA encoding a Lepidopteran TRP channel (TRPγ) was identified by analysis of a male‐antennal EST database and subsequently cloned by RACE PCR. In adult males, the TRPγ transcript was detected in antennae, at the base of olfactory sensilla. Moreover, TRPγ was observed in antennae in both pupal and adult stages. This work is the first step in understanding the involvement of TRPγ in signalling pathways involved in the development and function of the insect olfactory system.
Clients with mental health problems who sexualize the nurse‐client encounter: the nursing discourse
Authors: Higgins Agnes , Barker Philip , Begley Cecily M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTitle.  Clients with mental health problems who sexualize the nurse‐client encounter: the nursing discourse. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study of psychiatric nurses’ responses to clients who were sexualizing the nurse–client encounter.Background.  Studies involving general nurses have reported incidents of ‘unwanted sexual attention/behaviour’ from clients. These behaviours have been identified, in the literature, as a form of sexual aggression and sexual harassment. Reported responses have included physically avoiding the person, ignoring verbal comments or adopting a no‐‘nonsense’ professional approach.Methods.  A grounded theory study was conducted in 2005–2006 using tape‐recorded unstructured interviews with 27 psychiatric nurses working in an urban mental health service in the Republic of Ireland. Tapes were analyzed, with the assistance of Nud*ist 4, Word documents, mind maps and memoing.Findings.  There were unwritten and unspoken professional expectations or norms that clients treated participants and nursing encounters in an asexual way. However, on occasions, clients transgressed these taken‐for‐granted norms and engaged in behaviour labelled ‘sexualizing the nurse–client encounter’. In contrast to previous studies, our interviewees did not use the language of sexual harassment, but used the discourses of ‘mad/bad’ and ‘inappropriate’ to codify the behaviour. The tendency to view behaviour through the psychiatric discourse of badness and boundary violation gave rise to nurses either ignoring the behaviour or responding by using ‘suppressive strategies’. Consequently, other possible lenses of understanding were pushed to the background.Conclusion.  Only when educators and clinicians view clients’ sexual behaviours through alternative lenses of understanding will different actions and outcomes become possible and the rights of all, both nurses and clients, be respected.
Cervical cancer prevention by vaccination: nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and intentions
Authors: Duval Bernard , Gilca Vladimir , Boulianne Nicole , Pielak Karen , Halperin Beth , Simpson Mary Anne , Sauvageau Chantal , Ouakki Manale , Dube Eve , Lavoie France 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTitle. Cervical cancer prevention by vaccination: nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and intentions.Aim. This paper is a report of a survey: (1) to document nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and information needs regarding human papillomavirus prevention and (2) to determine factors associated with their willingness to recommend human papillomavirus vaccines.Background. Persistent infection with human papillomavirus has been causally linked to cervical cancer. Two human papillomavirus vaccines have recently been approved for use in more than 65 countries. Nurses’ level of support for the prevention of human papillomavirus related diseases by vaccination has not been researched.Methods. A survey was conducted in 2007. Self‐administered questionnaires were mailed to 1799 randomly selected nurses. Descriptive statistics were generated for all variables. Multivariable logistic regression models were estimated to determine variables associated with the willingness to recommend human papillomavirus vaccines.Results. A total of 946 questionnaires were analyzed and showed that: 97% of nurses perceived routinely recommended vaccines as very useful; 93% would support human papillomavirus vaccination if it is publicly funded; 85% would recommend human papillomavirus vaccines to their patients; 33%, 46% and 61% expect the vaccination to permit screening to begin later in life, reduction of the frequency of screening, and reduction of the number of postscreening interventions, respectively. Respondents’ knowledge score was 3·8 out of 7. Several modifiable factors, including knowledge, perceived self‐efficacy, and societal and colleagues support were associated with willingness to recommend vaccines.Conclusion. Most nurses’ support human papillomavirus vaccination, but their active involvement should not be taken for granted. Targeted educational efforts are needed to ensure nurses’ involvement in the prevention of human papillomavirus‐related diseases.
Rethinking concept analysis
Authors: Risjord Mark 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTitle.  Rethinking concept analysis. Aim.  This study reports ways to strengthen the epistemological foundation of concept analysis and to clarify its ontology.Background.  Nursing methods of concept analysis were derived from philosophy. In applying the philosophical ideas to nursing, changes were made that weakened the method. As a result, concept analyses often do not produce meaningful results.Data sources.  Essays in nursing journals that critique or develop methods of concept analysis and philosophical writing about language.Findings.  Many methods of concept analysis presuppose that the meaning of a concept depends on context. This ‘contextualism’ has epistemological and ontological consequences. Epistemologically, justifying a proposed set of defining attributes requires showing that the attributes explain the contextual pattern of use. Ontologically, concepts change their meaning as the theoretical contexts change. This means that concepts can only be developed as part of larger theories. Theory development requires a commitment to moderate realism and so, concept development also presupposes moderate realism.Conclusion.  There are two forms of concept analysis: theoretical and colloquial. Each has its own purpose and evidence. The two forms can be used together and some theoretical developments will require both. Concept analysis must be based either on scientific literature or on colloquial usage. Concept analysis is not prior to theory development, but it must be part of theory development. It makes the meaning of a concept explicit, so that it can be part of testable and practical nursing theories.
Nurse practitioners’ perceptions and participation in pharmaceutical marketing
Authors: Crigger Nancy , Barnes Kristen , Junko Autumn , Rahal Sarah , Sheek Casey 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTitle. Nurse practitioners’ perceptions and participation in pharmaceutical marketing.Aim. This paper reports on a study conducted to describe family nurse practitioners’ perceptions towards and participation in pharmaceutical marketing and to explore the relationships among related variables.Background. The pharmaceutical industry’s intense global marketing strategies have resulted in widespread concern in healthcare professionals and professional groups, sectors of the public in many countries, and in the World Health Organization. Research on healthcare providers’ participation in pharmaceutical marketing indicates that these relationships are conflicts of interests and compromise healthcare providers’ prescribing practices and trust. Nursing, as a discipline, appears to be slow to address the impact of pharmaceutical marketing on nursing practice.Method. Questionnaires about perceptions and participation in pharmaceutical marketing were completed by a random sample of 84 licensed family nurse practitioners in the United States of America in 2007.Findings. Family nurse practitioners viewed pharmaceutical company marketing uncritically as educational and beneficial. They also perceived other providers but not themselves as influenced by pharmaceutical marketing. The findings supported those found in previous research with nurses and physicians.Conclusion. Lack of education, participation in marketing and psychological and social responses may impede family nurse practitioners’ ability to respond critically and appropriately to marketing strategies and the conflict of interest it creates.
Effects of a nurse practitioner on a multidisciplinary consultation team
Authors: Van Der Sluis Corry K. , Datema Linetta , Saan Ingrid , Stant Dennis , Dijkstra Pieter U. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTitle. Effects of a nurse practitioner on a multidisciplinary consultation team.Aim. This paper is a report of a study to evaluate the impact on office hours capacity, patient satisfaction, quality of life and costs of including a nurse practitioner in a multidisciplinary consultation team for patients with hand problems caused by rheumatoid arthritis.Background. Over 90% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis suffer symptoms in their hand joints and may be seriously disabled in performing daily, work or leisure activities. A recent promising development in the treatment of patients with a chronic disease is the co‐ordinating and accompanying role of a nurse, such as a nurse practitioner, in a multidisciplinary treatment team.Methods. A two successive group time‐series design was adopted. The intervention group (n = 78) visited a clinic with a nurse practitioner assigned to the team during 2003–2004. The control group (n = 69) was seen before inclusion of the nurse practitioner. Office hours capacity, patient satisfaction, quality of life and costs were assessed using questionnaires directly after consulting the team, and 3 and 6 months later.Results. Between‐group comparisons of patient satisfaction and quality of life revealed no statistically significant differences. Changes within groups over time were not demonstrable. Mean office hour capacity increased by 17% (t = −1·906, d.f. = 32·879,P = 0·065). The costs for professional home care or informal care were equal in the two groups.Conclusion. Evaluation of clinical practice using pre‐ and post‐test design was impeded by changes in clinical practice, which made concrete conclusions difficult to draw. In future studies the satisfaction of participating clinicians should be evaluated, in addition to that of patients.
The use of conversational analysis: nurse–patient interaction in communication disability after stroke
Authors: Gordon Clare , Ellis‐Hill Caroline , Ashburn Ann 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTitle. The use of conversational analysis: nurse–patient interaction in communication disability after stroke.Aim. This paper is a report of a study to explore how nursing staff and patients with aphasia or dysarthria communicate with each other in natural interactions on a specialist stroke ward.Background. Nursing staff often talk with patients in a functional manner, using minimal social or affective communication. Little nursing research has been carried out with patients who have communication difficulties. Conversational analysis, used in other healthcare settings, is a way to explore these interactions in depth in order to gain further understanding of the communication process.Method. An observational study was carried out in 2005 and the data were 35·5 hours of videotape recording and field notes with 14 nursing staff and five patients with aphasia or dysarthria. The recordings were analysed using conversation analysis.Findings. Nursing staff controlled the conversations by controlling the topic and flow of conversations, creating asymmetry in all interactions. Patients had very little input because of taking short turns and responding to closed questions. These behaviours are related to the institutional context in which they occur.Conclusion. In rehabilitation, the focus for interaction may be thought to be patient goals, worries or plans for the future, but in this study nursing staff controlled the conversations around nursing tasks. This may be because they do not have the confidence to hold conversations with people with communication problems. Nursing staff need to receive training to reinforce communication rehabilitation programmes and to engage more fully with patients in their care, but also that a wider institutional culture of partnership is developed on stroke wards.
Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire: confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis with Turkish samples
Authors: Firat Mehmet Z. , Kulakaç Özen , Öncel Selma , Akcan Arzu 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTitle.  Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire: confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis with Turkish samples. Aim.  This study is a report of an investigation of the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire.Background.  Cultural, social and family environments influence women’s beliefs about and attitudes towards menstruation. Awareness of these beliefs and/or attitudes and their cultural origins is necessary to understand women and their reactions to menstruation when offering health care. Although the Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire has been used in several studies, the psychometric properties of the Turkish version have not been investigated.Methods.  Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out with two different samples – high school (n = 650) and undergraduate university students (n = 569) – in Turkey in the spring semester of 2006. Exploratory factor analyses were then used to modify the factor structure.Results.  Confirmatory factor analysis did not confirm the factor model reported in the United States of America. However, compared with British and Indian samples, Turkish attitudes showed better fit than both British and Indian samples with comparative fit index values of 0·776 and 0·797 for the high school and university samples respectively. Finally, exploratory factor analysis yielded a 28‐item measure for the high school sample and 31‐item measure for the university sample, with a 5‐factor solution. Reliability estimates of both scales were satisfactory, being 0·73 for the high school and 0·79 for the university sample.Conclusion.  The modified 5‐factor Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire could be a useful tool for assessing menstrual attitudes among Turkish high school and university students. The overall score permits comparison with results from earlier studies using the original instrument.
The phenomenological focus group: an oxymoron?
Authors: Bradbury‐Jones Caroline , Sambrook Sally , Irvine Fiona 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTitle.  The phenomenological focus group: an oxymoron?. Aim.  In this paper we explore the congruence of focus group interviews within a phenomenological framework.Background.  Focus groups as a research method are popular in nursing. Similarly, phenomenology is a dominant methodology for nurse researchers globally. A number of nurse researchers have combined focus groups and phenomenology, but there are others who argue that they are incompatible.Discussion.  The argument against using focus groups in phenomenological research is that phenomenology seeks essential characteristics or ‘essences’ of phenomena in a manner that requires an individual to describe their experiences in an ‘uncontaminated’ way. We recognize that traditionally most phenomenological interviews are conducted with only one interviewer and one respondent, but we question whether this needs to continue. We suggest means by which individual lived experience can be preserved within a group context. We draw on our own experience and the phenomenological literature to argue that focus groups are congruent with phenomenological research and extend this argument further by proposing that group interviews in phenomenology are actually beneficial because they stimulate discussion and open up new perspectives. Our observation is that some researchers who combine focus groups and phenomenology appear to do so uncritically and we argue that this is unacceptable.Conclusions.  It is important for nurse researchers to develop critical awareness of the research methodologies and methods they employ. We argue that the phenomenological focus group is not an oxymoron. Rather, the use of focus groups can provide a greater understanding of the phenomenon under study.
A social constructionist analysis of talk in episodes of psychiatric student nurses conversations with clients in community clinics
Authors: Middleton Lyn , Uys Leana 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTitle.  A social constructionist analysis of talk in episodes of psychiatric student nurses conversations with clients in community clinics.Aim.  This paper is a report of a study of the ‘discursive doings’ of psychiatric nursing students’ practice as they are jointly constructed in conversations with clients in community psychiatric clinics.Background.  This construction of psychiatric nursing as a therapeutic, holistic, person‐centred, interactional process is central to the identity of psychiatric nursing as a discipline. However, recent studies are beginning to suggest a dissonance between the person‐centred rhetoric and institutional practice.Methods.  A discourse analysis was conducted in 2002–03 using the transcripts of seven conversations between nursing students and clients visiting psychiatric community clinics on a monthly basis. These were selected from a sample of 20 conversations based on their clarity and completeness. Texts were analysed using the notational systems of Silverman and Mishler and some of Fairclough’s analytic text structure features.Findings.  In all the transcripts, an agenda for surveillance was explicitly established in the students’ opening sequences of each text. Almost all exchanges in the texts were organized around cycles of questions from students and responses from clients, which allowed students to control the conversations. Information delivery was also found to be at work within the texts, although it is not as prominent or as persistent as the question and answer structure. Students took up the responses of clients selectively as though working to a pre‐set agenda.Conclusion.  These discursive activities manifest a symptom‐like approach to nursing care and have the effect of disabling the development of client‐authorized expressions of agency.
A comparison of native and invasive populations of three clonal plant species in Germany and New Zealand
Authors: Beckmann Michael , Erfmeier Alexandra , Bruelheide Helge 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAim Our aim was to test for changes in growth patterns of three clonally growing plant species (Achillea millefolium,Hieracium pilosellaandHypericum perforatum) between native and invaded regions. We addressed the hypotheses that with differing important life‐history traits, invasive populations perform better than native populations, and that this expected better performance is linked to weakened trade‐offs between individual growth and sexual and clonal reproduction.Location Germany and New Zealand.Methods We conducted field surveys for the three above‐mentioned species in both native German and invasive New Zealand populations, and collected data at both population and individual levels.Results At the population level, the proportion of flowering plants, population size and population density were all higher in invasive populations. Similarly, at the individual level, the number of stolons per plant, stolon–biomass ratio and population crowdedness (local plant density in a specified area around a target plant) were significantly higher in New Zealand. Plant height did not differ between countries, and plant biomass was lower in New Zealand than in Germany forAchillea millefoliumandHypericum perforatum. These two species showed significant trade‐offs between individual growth and sexual and clonal reproduction.Achillea millefoliumexhibited a weakened trade‐off in its invaded range, where the same proportion of flowering plants was sustained at much higher levels of population crowdedness than in its native range.Main conclusions The apparent invasion success of the three study species is generally due to better overall performance in their respective invaded ranges. In respect of bothAchillea millefoliumandHypericum perforatum, this is driven primarily by increased vegetative reproduction. In contrast,Hieracium pilosellaseems to benefit more from increased sexual reproduction in its invaded range. Shifts in trade‐offs as a general trend seem to be of minor importance.
Plant mitochondria electron partitioning is independent of short‐term temperature changes
Authors: MACFARLANE CRAIG , HANSEN LEE D. , FLOREZ‐SARASA IGOR , RIBAS‐CARBO MIQUEL 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTWe tested the hypotheses that relative activity of the less efficient alternative oxidase (AOX) path changes with diurnal temperature changes, and thus changes carbon use efficiency with temperature. The activities of the alternative and cytochrome oxidase (COX) paths in plant tissues of three species were determined by measuring 18O/16O discrimination and total respiration from 17 to 36 °C. A new, more accurate method for calculating oxygen uptake rate from the mass spectrometry data was developed. Total carbon use efficiency was calculated from the ratio of respiratory heat and CO2 rates measured from 10 to 35 °C. Oxygen isotope discrimination (22.9 ± 0.4‰) and AOX participation were invariant with temperature in leaf tissue of Cucurbita pepo, Nicotiana sativa and Vicia faba, thus falsifying the first part of the hypothesis. Stress responses of respiration at the temperature extremes limited the range for which carbon use efficiency could be accurately measured to 15–30 °C in N. sativa, to 10–25 °C in C. pepo and to 20–30 °C in V. faba. Carbon‐use efficiency was invariant at these temperatures in these species, demonstrating that changes in other pathways that would vary carbon‐use efficiency were also invariant with temperature.