bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum and Dietary Vitamin E in Relation to Prostate Cancer Risk
Authors: Weinstein Stephanie J. , Wright Margaret E. , Lawson Karla A. , Snyder Kirk , Männistö Satu , Taylor Philip R. , Virtamo Jarmo , Albanes Demetrius 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
α-Tocopherol supplementation (50 mg daily for 5-8 years) reduced prostate cancer incidence by 32% in the α-Tocopherol, β-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. We investigated whether serum α-tocopherol or intake of vitamin E (eight tocopherols and tocotrienols) was associated with prostate cancer risk with up to 19 years of follow-up in the α-Tocopherol, β-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort. Of the 29,133 Finnish male smokers, ages 50 to 69 years recruited into the study, 1,732 were diagnosed with incident prostate cancer between 1985 and 2004. Baseline serum α-tocopherol was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and the components of vitamin E intake were estimated based on a 276-item food frequency questionnaire and food chemistry analyses. Proportional hazard models were used to determine multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Higher serum α-tocopherol was associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66-0.96 for highest versus lowest quintile; Ptrend = 0.03) and was strongly and inversely related to the risk of developing advanced disease (RR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36-0.85; Ptrend = 0.002). The inverse serum α-tocopherol-prostate cancer association was greater among those who were supplemented with either α-tocopherol or β-carotene during the trial. There were no associations between prostate cancer and the individual dietary tocopherols and tocotrienols. In summary, higher prediagnostic serum concentrations of α-tocopherol, but not dietary vitamin E, was associated with lower risk of developing prostate cancer, particularly advanced prostate cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1253–9)
Within-Individual Stability of Obesity-Related Biomarkers among Women
Authors: Kaplan Robert C. , Ho Gloria Y.F. , Xue XiaoNan , Rajpathak Swapnil , Cushman Mary , Rohan Thomas E. , Strickler Howard D. , Scherer Philipp E. , Anastos Kathryn 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective: Novel biomarkers including proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines are being explored as potential mediators of cancer and other obesity-related conditions. Prospective studies linking biomarker levels with disease outcomes often measure biomarkers at a single time point and assume that the within-individual variation in levels is small compared with the interindividual variation. However, this assumption is seldom tested.
Methods: This study examined the within-individual stability over time of plasma adiponectin, resistin, leptin, plasma activator inhibitor type 1, hepatocyte growth factor, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, and insulin among healthy young women.
Results: The study included 17 women (9 Black non-Hispanic, 2 Black Hispanic, 2 White Hispanic, and 4 other race/ethnicity) with mean age of 32.3 years, mean body mass index of 31.2 kg/m2, and 76% prevalence of smoking. Analysis of intraclass correlation (ICC) suggested high to moderate correlation over repeated samples taken over 3 years in levels of resistin (ICC = 0.95), hepatocyte growth factor (0.91), plasma activator inhibitor type 1 (0.84), adiponectin (0.73), insulin (0.62), and leptin (0.58). ICCs were weaker for levels of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α (0.39), and interleukin 6 (0.47).
Conclusion: In this population of minority young females with a high prevalence of overweight and smoking, several obesity-related endocrine markers were stable over a period of 3 years. This supports the feasibility of longitudinal studies relating these biomarkers to the future occurrence of cancer and other health consequences of obesity. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1291–3)
Path Analysis of Biomarkers of Exposure and Early Biological Effects among Coke-Oven Workers Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Qiu Li , Leng Shuguang , Wang Zhongxu , Dai Yufei , Zheng Yuxin , Wang Zengzhen 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Many host factors or biomarkers are involved in the process of early DNA damage induced by occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as seen in coke-oven workers. This paper aimed to identify complicated causal interrelationship of various biomarkers using the path analysis. In this analysis, we included 235 subjects (166 coke-oven workers and 69 nonexposed controls) whose data on the comet assay (e.g., Olive tail moment) and cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes as well as urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) were available. The path analysis showed that coke-oven exposure and tobacco smoke were both significant predictors of the concentrations of urinary 1-OHP (P &lt; 0.05), with a coefficient of determination of 0.75. The factors having significant influence on the Olive tail moment were in the following order: urinary 1-OHP &gt; XRCC1-exon 9 variant genotype &gt; ERCC2-exon 10 variant genotype &gt; XRCC1-exon 6 variant genotype, with a coefficient of determination of 0.22. The variables of relative importance in influencing on cytokinesis-block micronucleus frequencies were in the following order: coke-oven exposure &gt; urinary 1-OHP &gt; age &gt; mEH3 variant genotype &gt; ERCC2-exon 10 variant genotype &gt; XRCC1-exon 6 variant genotype, with a coefficient of determination of 0.27. These results indicated that exogenous agents, especially the coke-oven exposure, played a more important role than the genotypes in the induction of early genetic damage. In conclusion, the path analysis seemed to be an alternative statistical approach for the ascertainment of complicated association among related biomarkers for the assessment of occupational exposure. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1193–9)
Heightened Risk of Breast Cancer Following Pregnancy: Could Lasting Systemic Immune Alterations Contribute?
Authors: Shakhar Keren , Valdimarsdottir Heiddis B. , Bovbjerg Dana H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe protective effect of having a first full-term pregnancy (FFTP) at a younger age on women's lifetime risk of breast cancer is well known. Less appreciated is the increased risk seen in the years immediately following pregnancy. This adverse effect is more pronounced and more prolonged in women with later age at FFTP. The mechanisms responsible for this increased risk are still poorly understood. In the present paper, we put forward the hypothesis that the marked peripheral immune changes induced by pregnancy may account for these effects. We highlight immune changes that characterize the unique immune state of pregnancy (a combination of cellular immunosuppression and enhanced inflammatory response), note the resemblance of these changes to cancer escape mechanisms, and discuss why such immune changes may be critical for the development of breast cancer following pregnancy. We further support this idea by initial findings from our own laboratory that the age at FFTP is negatively related to natural killer cell cytotoxicity many years later and propose possible models for the kinetics of the immune changes during and following pregnancy. The effect of age at FFTP on the immune function is currently understudied. Its potential relevance to the development of breast cancer stresses the need for further research. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1082–6)
Effect of Delays in Processing Blood Samples on Measured Endogenous Plasma Sex Hormone Levels in Women
Authors: Jones Michael E. , Folkerd Elizabeth J. , Doody Deborah A. , Iqbal Jhangir , Dowsett Mitch , Ashworth Alan , Swerdlow Anthony J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Time spent in transit may affect the concentration of various constituents of collected blood samples and, consequently, results of sex hormone assays. Whole blood was collected from 46 women, and one third was processed immediately, one third was stored at ambient conditions (22°C) for 1 day, and one third was stored for 2 days. Estradiol concentration increased by 7.1% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 3.2-11.3%] after a delay in processing of 1 day and by 5.6% (95% CI, 0.2-11.4%) after a delay in processing of 2 days; the change was most apparent at lower than median concentrations. Progesterone concentrations showed no substantial change. Testosterone concentrations changed by 23.9% (95% CI, 17.8-30.3%) after a delay of 1 day but little thereafter. The sex hormone–binding globulin concentration decreased by 6.6% (95% CI, 4.6-8.6%) and 10.9% (95% CI, 8.1-13.6%), follicle-stimulating hormone increased by 7.4% (95% CI, 4.2-10.7%) and 13.9% (95% CI, 8.7-19.3%), and luteinizing hormone increased by 4.9% (95% CI, 1.3-8.5%) and 6.7% (95% CI, 2.2-11.5%) after a delay in processing of 1 and 2 days. Increases in calculated values for biologically available levels of estradiol and testosterone were greater than the increases seen in measured total hormone concentrations. Similar changes are likely when samples are delayed in transit, and evidence of etiology may be obscured unless study designs or analyses take into account processing delays. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1136–9)
Why Smoking Prevention Programs Sometimes Fail. Does Effectiveness Depend on Sociocultural Context and Individual Characteristics?
Authors: Johnson C. Anderson , Cen Steven , Gallaher Peggy , Palmer Paula H. , Xiao Lin , Ritt-Olson Anamara , Unger Jennifer B. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Background: School-based smoking prevention programs sometimes fail in unexpected ways. This study tests the hypotheses that both social/cultural contexts and individual dispositional characteristics may interact with program content to produce effects that are variable in potentially predictable ways.
Methods: Students in 24 culturally heterogeneous or primarily Hispanic/Latino middle schools (N = 3,157 6th graders) received a multicultural collectivist-framed social influences (SI) program, an individualist-framed SI program, or a control condition. Three-way linear and nonlinear interactions, program frame × social context × dispositional phenotype, were tested.
Results: Three-way interactions were found for the dispositional phenotypes of depression and hostility with social context and program content/frame. In predominantly Hispanic/Latino schools, larger program effects were observed for high depressed and high hostile youth in both the collectivist and individualist framed programs. In culturally mixed schools, prevention effects were greatest for low depressed and low hostile youth, especially in the individualist framed program. In culturally mixed schools, there may have been a negative treatment effect for both programs among adolescents scoring high on depression and hostility.
Discussion: Prevention program effects can vary by combination of program content, social setting, and individual dispositional characteristics. The results suggest that prevention program design and implementation should be sensitive to population characteristics at both the individual and sociocultural levels. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1043–9)
Comparison of a New and Existing Method of Mammographic Density Measurement: Intramethod Reliability and Associations with Known Risk Factors
Authors: McCormack Valerie A. , Highnam Ralph , Perry Nicholas , dos Santos Silva Isabel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Mammographic density is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer. It is commonly measured by an interactive threshold method that does not fully use information contained in a mammogram. An alternative fully automated standard mammogram form (SMF) method measures density using a volumetric approach.Methods: We examined between-breast and between-view agreement, reliability, and associations of breast cancer risk factors with the threshold and SMF measures of breast density on the same set of 1,000 digitized films from 250 women who attended routine breast cancer screening by two-view mammography in 2004 at a London population-based screening center. Data were analyzed using random-effects models on transformed percent density.Results: Median (interquartile range) percent densities were 12.8% (5.0-22.3) and 21.8% (18.4-26.6) in the threshold and SMF methods, respectively. There was no evidence of systematic differences between left-right breasts or between views in either method. Reliability of a single measurement was lower in the SMF than in the threshold method (0.77 versus 0.92 for craniocaudal and 0.68 versus 0.89 for mediolateral oblique views). Increasing body mass index and parity were associated with reduced density in both methods; however, an increase in density with hormone replacement therapy use was found only with the threshold method.Conclusion: Established properties of mammographic density were observed for SMF percent density; however, this method had poorer left-right reliability than the threshold method and has yet to be shown to be a predictor of breast cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1148–54)
Fixation of CO2 by Hydroxozinc(II) Complex with Pyridylamino Type Ligand
Authors: Yamaguchi Syuhei , Takahashi Teppei , Wada Akira , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Ozawa Tomohiro , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Masuda Hideki 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Reaction of hydroxozinc(II) complex bearing amino group with CO2 gave carbamate product, whose generation and reaction mechanism have been studied structurally and spectroscopically as a structural/functional model of biotin-dependent carboxylase.
Mild Oxidation of Styrene and Its Derivatives with Ionic Manganese Porphyrin Immobilized in the Similarly Structured Ionic Liquid
Authors: Liu Ye , Zhang Hong-Jiao , Cai Yue-Qin , Wu Hai-Hong , Liu Xiu-Li , Lu Yong 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Without the auxiliary involvement of axial ligands and organic solvents, the ionic manganese porphyrin 1c immobilized in [BPy][BF4] efficiently catalyzed the oxidation of styrene and its derivatives under mild conditions, affording high activity/oxide selectivity and good stability even after 5 recycling uses.
Lanthanum–Indium Oxysulfide as a Visible Light Driven Photocatalyst for Water Splitting
Authors: Ogisu Kiyonori , Ishikawa Akio , Teramura Kentaro , Toda Kenji , Hara Michikazu , Domen Kazunari 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
La–In-based oxysulfide is demonstrated to act as a photocatalyst for the reduction of H+ to H2 and the oxidation of H2O to O2 in the presence of sacrificial reagents under visible light (420 ≤ λ ≤ 480 nm). Loading with IrO2 is effective for promoting O2 evolution, while Pt is effective as a cocatalyst for H2 evolution.
Common Genetic Risk of Major Depression and Nicotine Dependence: The Contribution of Antisocial Traits in a United States Veteran Male Twin Cohort
Authors: Fu Qiang , Heath Andrew C. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Lyons Michael J. , Tsuang Ming T. , True William R. , Eisen Seth A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMany studies that found associations between depression and nicotine dependence have ignored possible shared genetic influences associated with antisocial traits. The present study examined the contribution of genetic and environmental effects associated with conduct disorder (CD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) to the comorbidity of major depression (MD) and nicotine dependence (ND). A telephone diagnostic interview, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule-III-R, was administered to eligible twins from the Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry in 1992. Multivariate genetic models were fitted to 3360 middle-aged and predominantly white twin pairs (1868 monozygotic, 1492 dizygotic pairs) of which both members completed the pertinent diagnostic interview sections. Genetic influences on CD accounted for 100%, 68%, and 50% of the total genetic variance in risk for ASPD, MD and ND, respectively. After controlling for genetic influences on CD, the partial genetic correlation between MD and ND was no longer statistically significant. Nonshared environmental contributions to the comorbidity among these disorders were not significant. This study not only demonstrates that the comorbidity between ND and MD is influenced by common genetic risk factors, but also further suggests that the common genetic risk factors overlapped with those for antisocial traits such as CD and ASPD in men.
Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in Discordant Monozygotic Twins With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Detjen Anne Katrin , Tinschert Sigrid , Kaufmann Dieter , Algermissen Bernd , Nürnberg Peter , Schuelke Markus 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most frequent neurocutaneous disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance. Phenotype variability is high ranging from merely several café-au-lait spots to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors or severe disfigurement through plexiform neurofibromas. Identification of genetic factors that modify the NF1 phenotype would contribute to the understanding of NF1 pathophysiology and improve patient counselling. As even monozygotic (MZ) twins with NF1 may differ phenotypically, we wondered whether these variations might be inherited in a non-Mendelian fashion. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited extrachromosomally through the cytoplasm of the oocyte and often harbours heteroplasmic sequence variations. At the time of blastomere separation, these variants may be skewedly distributed and effect phenotypic differences. Because of their co-localization with the tumor suppressor protein neurofibromin, which is mutated in NF1, mitochondria were particular attractive candidates for investigation. MtDNA was extracted from nucleated blood cells of four pairs of discordant MZ twins with NF1 and from cutaneous neurofibromas of one twin pair. We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome and determined the state of heteroplasmy by investigating a microsatellite region of the mitochondrial D-loop (D310-tract). The clinical diagnosis was confirmed in all patients by detection of pathogenic mutations in the NF1 gene. Monozygosity was verified by genotyping. However, we did not detect evidence for mtDNA sequence differences or for different degrees of heteroplasmy between individuals of the same twin pair. The phenotypic discordance of MZ twins with NF1 cannot be explained by skewed distribution of mtDNA mutations or polymorphisms.
Clinical Evaluation of the Nelfinavir‐Rifabutin Interaction in Patients with Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Benator Debra A. , Weiner Marc H. , Burman William J. , Vernon Andrew A. , Zhao Zhen A. , Khan Awal E. , Jones Brenda E. , Sandman Laurie , Engle Melissa , Silva‐Trigo Claudia , Hsyu Poe H. , Becker Mark I. , Peloquin Charles A. 
Published: June 2007

Study Objective. To characterize the bidirectional interaction between twice‐daily nelfinavir and twice‐weekly rifabutin and isoniazid in patients with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Design. Prospective cohort study.Setting. Three clinical research centers.Patients. Seven patients with HIV‐related tuberculosis.Intervention. Rifabutin 300 mg and isoniazid 15 mg/kg (maximum dose 900 mg) twice/week were administered for at least 2 weeks during the continuation phase of tuberculosis treatment. Antiretroviral therapy with nelfinavir 1250 mg twice/day and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was then added.Measurements and Main Results. Patients underwent blood sampling for pharmacokinetic analysis during the continuation phase of tuberculosis therapy and after a median of 21 days after the addition of antiretroviral treatment. When rifabutin was coadministered with nelfinavir, its area under the concentration‐time curve from 0–21 hours (AUC0–21) increased 22% (geometric mean 5.01 μg•hr/ml [90% confidence interval (CI) 3.25–7.71] with nelfinavir vs 4.10 μg•hr/ml [90% CI 3.18–5.27] without nelfinavir; geometric mean ratio 1.22 [90% CI 0.78–1.92]). Also, the AUC0–21 for the active metabolite, desacetylrifabutin, increased significantly (geometric mean ratio 3.46, 90% CI 1.84–6.47, p=0.009). In the presence of rifabutin, the pharmacokinetic parameters of nelfinavir and its principal metabolite M8 were similar to those of patients not taking rifabutin. No drug interaction between nelfinavir and isoniazid was detected.Conclusions. Coadministration of rifabutin and isoniazid without dosage adjustment during twice‐weekly tuberculosis therapy with nelfinavir‐based antiretroviral therapy resulted in rifabutin exposures within the acceptable ranges for safety and efficacy. Therefore, this combination is an appropriate option for the simultaneous treatment of tuberculosis and HIV infection when tuberculosis therapy is given twice weekly.
Effectiveness and Hepatotoxicity of Statins in Men Seropositive for Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Segarra‐Newnham Marisel , Parra David , Martin‐Cooper Ellen M. 
Published: June 2007

Study Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness and hepatotoxicity of statins in patients who are seropositive for hepatitis C virus (HCV).Design. Retrospective review of a registry of patients with HCVSetting. Veterans Affairs Medical Center.Patients. One hundred forty‐six male patients who were seropositive for HCV and had received statin therapy between January 1, 1995, and September 9, 2003.Measurements and Main Results. Demographic and clinical data were collected for each patient; lipid and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels at baseline (within 6 mo of starting a statin), at 3 and 6 months after starting a statin, and at long‐term follow‐up (mean 22 mo) were also recorded. The primary efficacy end point was a significant decrease from baseline to long‐term follow‐up low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) level; the primary safety end point was a significant increase from baseline in ALT level. The mean change in LDL level was a reduction of 22% (p<0.01). No significant increases in ALT levels were observed; only one patient discontinued therapy due to ALT level elevations greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal.Conclusion. In men seropositive for HCV, statins were effective in reducing LDL levels and did not result in significant increases in ALT levels from baseline. Thus, statin therapy should be considered for patients with HCV who are at risk for coronary heart disease and do not have significantly elevated serum transaminase levels at baseline.
Creating an Immune-Privileged Site Using Retinal Progenitor Cells and Biodegradable Polymers
Authors: Ng Tat Fong , Lavik Erin , Keino Hiroshi , Taylor Andrew W. , Langer Robert S. , Young Michael J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe describe the creation of local immune privilege (IP) using retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and biodegradable polymers. Murine RPCs were seeded on poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) polymers to generate composite grafts. Composites or RPCs alone were transplanted into allogeneic kidney capsules. Grafts survived at all time points, differentiating into neurons and astrocytes. Upon treatment with interferon γ (IFNγ), major histocompatibility complex antigens were upregulated. Although 10% of IFNγ-treated RPC grafts survived 14 days, 66% of the IFNγ-treated composites survived in part by producing immune suppressive factors transforming growth factor-β2, Fas ligand, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. The composites were assayed for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) by seeding composites with antigen-presenting cells incubated with ovalbumin. This resulted in suppression of ovalbumin-specific DTH, indicating that composite grafts consisting of biodegradable polymers and central nervous system progenitor cells can be used to generate local IP. This technology may be used to promote the survival of nonprivileged grafts (e.g., pancreas, liver, or skin).Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.