bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative proteomic analysis reveals differentially expressed proteins regulated by a potential tumor promoter, BRE, in human esophageal carcinoma cells
Authors: Chen Hai Bin , Pan Ke , Tang Mei Kuen , Chui Yiu Loon , Chen Ling , Su Zhong Jing , Shen Zhong Ying , Li En Min , Xie Wei , Lee Kenneth K.H. 
Published: August 2008

Esophageal tumorigenesis is a complex and cascading process, involving the interaction of many genes and proteins. In this study, we have used the comparative proteomic approach to identify tumor-associated proteins and explore the carcinogenic mechanisms. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of esophageal carcinoma and control cells revealed 10 proteins that were upregulated. A further 10 proteins were downregulated. Among these 20 differentially expressed proteins, brain and reproductive organ-expressed (BRE) protein was identified as a potential tumor promoter. It was high expressed by the esophageal carcinoma cells, as confirmed by RT–PCR and immunoblotting. BRE has been reported to be a stress-responsive protein. To gain further insight into its function, BRE expression was silenced in esophageal carcinoma cells using BRE-specific small interference RNA. It was discovered that silencing BRE expression downregulated prohibitin expression, but upregulated tumor-suppressor p53 expression. Furthermore, cyclin A and CDK2 expressions were suppressed suggesting that BRE inhibited cell proliferation. These results implied that BRE plays a significant role in mediating antiapoptotic and proliferative responses in esophageal carcinoma cells.
The Impact of the Eastern Mediterranean Teleconnection Pattern on the Mediterranean Climate
Authors: Hatzaki Maria , Flocas Helena A. , Giannakopoulos Christos , Maheras Panagiotis 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the eastern Mediterranean teleconnection pattern (EMP) on the present and future climate of the eastern Mediterranean during winter. For the present climate, daily precipitation and maximum and minimum surface temperature station data are employed for the period of 1958–2003. For the future climate, datasets of the same parameters are derived from the Hadley Centre Regional Climatic Model (HadRM3P) for the period of 2070–2100, using two Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios for the evolvement of the future atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. The investigation of the impact was based on the regularized canonical correlation analysis (RCCA), while qualitative estimations were performed for each phase of the pattern. It was found that the pattern indeed affects the mean winter patterns of temperature, precipitation, and their extreme events with inverse impacts between the two phases. More specifically, a positive phase of EMP is associated with a decrease in temperatures and an increase in precipitation, while the opposite occurs during the negative phase of EMP. In the future, the present impact according to each phase persists and intensifies in most of the cases. However, results are quite different between the two scenarios, because of the different estimated future shift of the EMP poles.
Soil Moisture Feedbacks on Convection Triggers: The Role of Soil–Plant Hydrodynamics
Authors: Siqueira Mario , Katul Gabriel , Porporato Amilcare 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
The linkages between soil moisture dynamics and convection triggers, defined here as the first crossing between the boundary layer height (hBL) and lifting condensation level (hLCL), are complicated by a large number of interacting processes occurring over a wide range of space and time scales. To progress on this problem, a soil–plant hydrodynamics model was coupled to a simplified ABL budget to explore the feedback of soil moisture on convection triggers. The soil–plant hydraulics formulation accounted mechanistically for features such as root water uptake, root water redistribution, and midday stomatal closure, all known to affect diurnal cycles of surface fluxes and, consequently, ABL growth. The ABL model considered the convective boundary layer as a slab with a discontinuity at the inversion layer. The model was parameterized using the wealth of data already collected for a maturing Loblolly pine plantation situated in the southeastern United States. A 30-day dry-down simulation was used to investigate the possible feedback mechanisms between soil moisture and convective rainfall triggers. Previous studies, which made use of surface flux measurements to drive an ABL model, have postulated that a negative feedback was possible, which could award the ecosystem with some degree of self-regulation of its water status. According to model simulation results here, this negative feedback is unlikely. However, drastic changes in external water sources to the ABL are needed for triggering convection when soil moisture is depleted. The apparent negative feedback originated from a decoupling between the water vapor sources needed to produce convection triggers and surface water vapor fluxes.
The role of surveillance and data use in the development of public health policies
Authors: Stachenko Sylvie 
Published: August 2008

Decision makers consider numerous factors besides surveillance data in establishing public health policies and programmes. In an evidence-informed system, it is important to collect, interpret, and present information that has maximum impact on the broader policy agenda. Successful policies and programmes are rational, feasible, and practical, with wide public support. Surveillance systems must align and interact with the other parts of the policy infrastructure. There must be continuous links between data providers, collectors, and users. Data must be representative of population variations. For chronic diseases, the major challenge is multiple risks. Surveillance systems must capture many factors from many sources. Data must be presented in plain language and tailored to the needs of various users — politicians, policy makers, health providers, researchers, and the public. Data must be linked to other policy areas such as taxation. Economic arguments, including modelling, strongly influence decisions. Broad data ownership through alliances also has significant impact. (Promot Educ 2008;15(3): 27-29)
An ethical question: Are health professionals promoters of the status quo or of social change?
Authors: Shuftan Claudio 
Published: August 2008

The topic of the above title has vividly interested the author for many years. Regretfully, the issues at stake have not changed for the last 25 years. As proof of this — and on purpose — references dug up and quoted are only those published before 1986. The end result has been the (re)construction of a scenario that has been stubborn to change and that looks into most of the burning questions of then and now pertaining to the title. The materials here presented are an informal, non-systematic review of the literature on the ethical, ideological and political implications of health as a science and as a praxis. The materials here collected are, in a way, “out of the box” and, in the author's view very needed. The article sheds some light on the major issues at the core of this universal discussion that — whether we like it or not — was and continues to be at the very base of our daily work as health professionals. (Promot Educ 2008;15(3): 30-33)
Breakthrough invasive fungal infection in an immunocompromised host while on posaconazole prophylaxis: an omission in patient counseling and follow-up
Authors: Kishel Joseph J , Sivik Jeffrey 
Published: August 2008

Posaconazole (Noxafil ® Schering-Plough Corporation) is a triazole antifungal approved in the United States for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis and for the prophylaxis of Candida and Aspergillus infections in the immunocompromised host. Posaconazole is available only as an oral suspension. When used for the prevention of Candida and Aspergillus infections, posaconazole should be taken three times daily with a high fat meal to maximize oral absorption. Failure to take posaconazole with food will lead to subtherapeutic serum levels and decreased clinical effectiveness of the drug. We report the case of a 49-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia who received 4 months of posaconazole as an outpatient for the labeled indication of prophylaxis of Candida and Aspergillus infections. During her last admission, the patient presented with an invasive sinus infection diagnosed as a mixed Aspergillus and Mucor etiology. The patient succumbed to this infection five weeks after presentation. Upon investigation it was found that the patient did not self-administer posaconazole as required in the product labeling, which may have led to drug failure in this patient. We submit this case to illustrate the importance of patient education regarding proper administration of posaconazole. The important role of the outpatient physician, nurse, and pharmacist in this setting is underscored. J Oncol Pharm Practice (2008) 14: 189—193.
Osteoporotic Caucasian and South Asian women: a qualitative study of general practitioners' support
Authors: McKenna Jim , Ludwig Alison Frances 
Published: August 2008

Health professionals face two complicated but contradictory epidemics: obesity and osteoporosis (OP). While obesity is obvious, OP progresses silently affecting one in two UK women. Both South Asian and Caucasian women are at OP risk. This study compared experiences of osteoporotic Caucasian and South Asian women in a purposive sample of 21 volunteers from south east England, aged 43 to 82 years. The women had been diagnosed for eight months to 40 years. Long disease duration was marked by complacent OP dialogue, although OP was objectionable and marked a loss of quality of life. Inductive content analysis of transcripts showed that `uncertainty' — about one another and about what constituted helpful self-care — affected both GPs and patients. Instead, support groups and the media supported learning about OP care. Beyond providing drug prescriptions, women reported desiring, but rarely feeling, that GPs fully supported their preferences for self-care. Self-care often included specialist exercise classes. Some younger women led their GPs to better understand the range of self-care options. GPs were seen as being unsure about how and when to discuss physical activity (PA). In conclusion, women with OP in this sample are sensitive to their GP's hesitance about offering detailed PA recommendations. Regardless of ethnicity, younger women undertook PA based on personal initiative. Positive PA experiences stimulated an interest in discussing PA with GPs, and these dialogues broke the silence surrounding OP care. By providing important information regarding the OP patient experience, the findings highlight the unmet desire of OP sufferers for better and closer attention from GPs.
Targeted versus global approaches to the management of hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Reynolds Timothy M. , Mardani Alireza , Twomey Patrick J. , Wierzbicki Anthony S. 
Published: August 2008

Aims: The role of statins in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease is well established. However, there is debate about the most effective approach to primary prevention. This study simulated the effects of directed versus global approaches for intervention on coronary heart disease (CHD) event rates. Methods: A primary prevention population was generated by computer simulation derived from data from the National Health Survey for England. The efficacy of reductions in cholesterol, treatment to cardiovascular risk targets and effects of phytosterols or statins were assessed. Results: A 0.5 mmol/L reduction in population total cholesterol would result in a 10.4% reduction in CHD events, while 1.0 mmol/L, 1.5 mmol/L and 2.0 mmol/L reductions would achieve 21.0%, 30.6% and 41.9% reductions respectively. In statin-based cardiovascular risk targeted strategies, use of simvastatin 40 mg would result in 1.8% reduction by UK National Service Framework targets of 30%/decade CHD risk and 7.2% reduction in events for a 20%/decade target assuming perfect adherence. Similarly, aggressive primary prevention with 40 mg atorvastatin would result in a 2.5% or 10% reduction in events. Universal use of 10 mg simvastatin following an over-the-counter approach would result in a 25% reduction in CHD events. In contrast, whole population consumption of sitostanol/sitosterol products would result in 11.8% reduction. Conclusion: Targeting and treating high-risk individuals may be beneficial for them and rewarding for medical practitioners. However, this approach has minimal effects on the population burden of atherosclerotic disease. This study suggests that universal therapy with phytosterols and/or wider availability of statins has the potential to dramatically decrease rates of CHD.
‘A stony road… a 19 year journey’: ‘Bridging’ through late-stage Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Williams Sion , Keady John 
Published: August 2008

Abstract Studies reporting the lived experience of late-stage Parkinson’s disease are sparse. Using constructivist grounded theory and centre-stage storyline generation as the methodological approach, this study reports on 69 interviews with 13 people with late-stage Parkinson’s disease and their family carers who were recruited from the caseload of two specialist Parkinson’s disease nurses working in North Wales and one consultant geriatrician. The interviews were conducted longitudinally between June 2007 and April 2008, and all participants were diagnosed with late-stage idiopathic Parkinson’s disease using Brain Bank clinical criteria. All interviews and the subsequent sharing, modification and testing of the results of data analysis were conducted in the person’s home and with their participation as partners in the research process. From this process, bridging emerged as the centre-stage storyline in adjusting to life with late-stage Parkinson’s disease, and this consisted of three temporal stages, namely: 1) building on the past; 2) bridging the present and 3) broaching the future. These three stages were underpinned by three linked sequential foundations, namely biographical, situational and crumbling. These stages, foundations and properties of bridging have important implications for the understanding of late-stage Parkinson’s disease and informing the nursing role in developing and providing appropriate supportive interventions.
Use of rosiglitazone before and after vascular injury in hypercholesterolemic rabbits: Assessment of neointimal formation
Authors: Alessi Alexandre , França Neto Olímpio Ribeiro , Brofman Paulo Roberto Slud , Prim Camila , Noronha Lucia , Silva Ruy Fernando Kuenzer Caetano , Baroncini Liz Andréa Villela , Précoma Dalton Bertolim 
Published: August 2008

Abstract

Objectives
To analyse the effects of rosiglitazone administered at different times on neointimal formation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits following vascular injury.

Methods
Thirty-nine rabbits on a hypercholesterolemic diet were included. The animals underwent balloon catheter injury to the right iliac artery on day 14. They were divided into three groups as follows: control group, 13 rabbits without rosiglitazone; group I, 13 rabbits treated with rosiglitazone (3 mg/Kg body weight/day) for 28 days after the vascular injury; and group II, 13 rabbits treated with rosiglitazone (3 mg/Kg body weight/day) during all the experiment (42 days). Histological analysis was done by an experienced pathologist who was unaware of the rosiglitazone treatment. Histomorphometric parameters were performed by calculation of the luminal and intimal layer area, and intima/media layer area ratio (the area of the intimal layer divided by the area of the medial layer).

Results
Intimal area was significantly lower in group II vs. CG (p = 0.024) and group I (p = 0.006). Luminal layer area was higher in group II vs. CG (p < 0.0001) and group I (p < 0.0001). Intima/media layer area ratio was equal between CG and group I. Intima/media layer ratio area was significantly lower in group II vs. control group (p < 0.021) and group I (p < 0.003). There was a significant reduction of 65% and 71% in intima/media layer area ratio in group II vs. control group and group I, respectively.

Conclusion
Pretreatment with rosiglitazone in hypercholesterolemic rabbits submitted to vascular injury significantly reduces neointimal formation.
Acute kidney injury in intensive care unit patients: a comparison between the RIFLE and the Acute Kidney Injury Network classifications
Authors: Lopes José António , Fernandes Paulo , Jorge Sofia , Gonçalves Sara , Alvarez António , Costa e Silva Zélia , França Carlos , Prata Mateus Martins 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Introduction
Whether discernible advantages in terms of sensitivity and specificity exist with Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria versus Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of Kidney Function, End-stage Kidney Disease (RIFLE) criteria is currently unknown. We evaluated the incidence of acute kidney injury and compared the ability of the maximum RIFLE and of the maximum AKIN within intensive care unit hospitalization in predicting inhospital mortality of critically ill patients.

Methods
Patients admitted to the Department of Intensive Medicine of our hospital between January 2003 and December 2006 were retrospectively evaluated. Chronic kidney disease patients undergoing dialysis or renal transplant patients were excluded from the analysis.

Results
In total, 662 patients (mean age, 58.6 ± 19.2 years; 392 males) were evaluated. AKIN criteria allowed the identification of more patients as having acute kidney injury (50.4% versus 43.8%, P = 0.018) and classified more patients with Stage 1 (risk in RIFLE) (21.1% versus 14.7%, P = 0.003), but no differences were observed for Stage 2 (injury in RIFLE) (10.1% versus 11%, P = 0.655) and for Stage 3 (failure in RIFLE) (19.2% versus 18.1%, P = 0.672). Mortality was significantly higher for acute kidney injury defined by any of the RIFLE criteria (41.3% versus 11%, P < 0.0001; odds ratio = 2.78, 95% confidence interval = 1.74 to 4.45, P < 0.0001) or of the AKIN criteria (39.8% versus 8.5%, P < 0.0001; odds ratio = 3.59, 95% confidence interval = 2.14 to 6.01, P < 0.0001). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for inhospital mortality was 0.733 for RIFLE criteria (P < 0.0001) and was 0.750 for AKIN criteria (P < 0.0001). There were no statistical differences in mortality by the acute kidney injury definition/classification criteria (P = 0.72).

Conclusions
Although AKIN criteria could improve the sensitivity of the acute kidney injury diagnosis, it does not seem to improve on the ability of the RIFLE criteria in predicting inhospital mortality of critically ill patients.
Multi-body simulation approach for fault diagnosis of a reel
Authors: Korkealaakso P , Mikkola A , Rouvinen A 
Published: August 2008

This study introduces a simulation approach that can be utilized in the detection of abnormalities in the behaviour of machines. The approach is based on the utilization of a detailed multi-body simulation model. In this study, the approach to detect abnormalities is applied to the study of a reel. The reel under investigation is used at the finishing end of the papermaking process and it consists of a number of subsystems including hydraulics, electrical drives, and mechanical parts. In the reel, mechanical parts are coupled by joints, contacts, and friction. The symptoms of the faults are generated using the variables which can be measured from the reel. When using a traditional component level monitoring method, the faults in the process often cannot be recognized. However, in the proposed multi-body simulation approach, the supervision of a machine can be focused on the functionality of the entire process, whereas detection of faults can be carried out without the use of additional instrumentation. When the multi-body simulation approach is used, the modelling of a machine can be carried out in a straightforward and systematic manner including the dynamic coupling between the subsystems of a machine.
In situ near Infrared Monitoring of Activated Dairy Sludge Wastewater Treatment Processes
Authors: Páscoa Ricardo N.M. , Lopes João A. , Lima José L.F.C. 
Published: August 2008

A sequential batch reactor (SBR) for aerobic treatment of dairy residues (activated sludge process) was monitored on-line by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. NIR spectra in the wavelength range of 900–1700 nm were acquired in situ with a transflectance probe. Measured in situ NIR spectra allowed the development of multivariate statistical process control models for supervision of the SBR process. The directly acquired spectra permitted characterisation of the different SBR operation stages and the detection of process disturbances. Calibration models based on partial least squares regression were developed for three process parameters: total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Model errors were estimated as root mean squared errors of cross-validation. The cross-validation errors obtained were 0.066 g TS L−1, 0.075 g TSS L−1 and 86.6 mg O2 L−1 respectively. Results demonstrated the viability of NIR spectroscopy as an alternative method for monitoring and control of activated sludge wastewater treatment processes having advantages both in terms of efficient determination of process parameters (fast, in situ and requiring no toxic reagents) and in terms of process monitoring.
New 5 ½-in. Solid Expandable Systems Provide Effective Technology for Successful Workover Project in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Umran Mohammed I. , Al-Amri Kalifah M. , Ahmed Iqbal , Qasim Muhammad , Al-Obaidi Ibrahim A. , Zhou Shaohua , Sanders Tom , Stephenson David , York Pat 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
To maximize well productivity, Saudi Aramco embarked on a technology-driven strategy and began converting existing weak horizontal producers into maximum reservoir contact (MRC) wells. Many of these wells were completed with downhole smart systems to control flow from multiple laterals. Saudi Aramco also employed this strategy to convert dead vertical wells to single horizontal producers or power water injectors. A key driver in the success of this strategic approach has been the installation of solid expandable liners that have enabled zonal isolation and provided a conduit for any necessary smart-completion systems. Five wells to date have been successfully worked over with new 5 1/2 in. solid expandable liners that have been cemented when installed in the Shaybah, Ghawar and Abqaiq fields. Production data is projected to confirm the wells have achieved planned production gains.
This paper will discuss the successful application of an alternative solid expandable technology, characterized by seamless expandable tubulars, robust and gas tight metal-to-metal seal connections, collapsible expansion cone, and lower-required expansion pressure; all of which provide technical improvements to more effectively meet application needs. This paper will also explain how an expandable system, when used as a production liner, offers additional benefits such as delivering extended-reach 5 1/2 in. laterals by using available technologies of geosteering, rotary steerable systems, and smart completions in the reservoir.