bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modernisierung erhaltenswerter Bausubstanz: Baustoff für leichte Innenwände
Authors: Schröder Olaf 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDeutschlands Ein‐ und Mehrfamilienhäuser kommen in die Jahre. 60 Prozent der 34 Millionen Wohnbauten sind mehr als fünfzig Jahre alt, lassen sich aber durch Sanierung, Um‐ und/oder Anbau heutigen Nutzungsanforderungen anpassen. Der Jahresumsatz der Bauwirtschaft wird nicht mehr in erster Linie im Neubaubereich gemacht, sondern zunehmend beim Bauen im Bestand. Um Umfang und finanziellen Aufwand einer Modernisierung konkret planen zu können, ist eine Bestandsaufnahme durch einen Fachmann, z. B. einen Architekten, dringend angeraten. Nur aus Expertensicht sollte beurteilt werden, welche Wände ohne Beeinträchtigung der Standsicherheit entfernt werden dürfen und welcher Baustoff sich für den Einbau neuer Zwischenwände eignet.
Neue Impulse für den Wohnungsbau. Deutschland ist gebaut?
Authors: Gerij Kunibert 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDas politische Meinungsbild “Deutschland sei gebaut” hat zu fatalen Folgen für das Baugewerbe sowie für die Bau‐ und Wohnungswirtschaft geführt. Die unterdurchschnittliche Eigentumsquote im internationalen Vergleich, die Altersstruktur des Wohnungsbestandes und die aufgrund der demographischen Entwicklung veränderten Wohnbedürfnisse werden in fahrlässiger Weise nicht gewürdigt.
Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney: Cytopathologic findings
Authors: Owens Christopher L. , Argani Pedram , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA 54‐year‐old woman was hospitalized for flank pain and acute renal failure when imaging studies revealed a 5.2 cm mass in the left kidney. She was referred for fine needle aspiration of the lesion, which showed an epithelial tumor with round to oval nuclei associated with strands of metachromatic stromal tissue. Cytopathologic diagnosis was consistent with renal cell carcinoma. Subsequent nephrectomy was performed and the surgical pathology specimen showed a mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney. The patient has done well post‐operatively with 10 months of benign follow‐up. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:593‐596. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of metastatic prostate carcinoma to inguinal lymph node
Authors: Rosa Marilin , Chopra Harpreet K. , Sahoo Sunati 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCarcinoma of the prostate is predominantly a disease of older men. Men younger than 50 years of age account for approximately 1% of all patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Patients generally present with urinary symptoms and rarely with metastatic disease. Lymphatic spread typically occurs to the obturator and internal iliac nodes. We report a case of an aggressive prostate adenocarcinoma in a 47‐year‐old white male who presented with nausea, vomiting, and enlarged inguinal lymph nodes for 1 month. A fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and immunohistochemical stains performed on the FNAB revealed metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma. The initial clinical presentation of inguinal lymphadenopathy, the age of the patient and the cytologic features made this an unusual case. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:565‐567. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of agreement between conventional and liquid‐based cytology in cervical cancer early detection based on analysis of 2,091 smears: Experience at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute
Authors: Girianelli Vania Reis , Thuler Luiz Claudio Santos 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the agreement between conventional cytology (CC) and liquid‐based cytology (LBC) in cervical cancer early detection.The results of CC and LBC (DNACitoliq®) in 2,059 women aged 25–59 years were compared. The percent agreement, kappa coefficient, prevalence‐adjusted bias‐adjusted kappa coefficient (PABAK), and Chamberlain's percent positive agreement (PPA) were calculated.The percent agreement between the two methods was very good (80% and 79%, respectively, for normal versus ASCUS+; and normal versus ASCUS, AGUS and LSIL+ vs. HSIL+). The kappa coefficient indicates slight agreement (0.26 and 0.23, respectively), but when PABAK was used the agreement was good (0.61 and 0.68, respectively). PPA was high for normal results (79.2%) and low for the remaining categories.To conclude, in this study, agreement between LBC and CC was only good for normal results, which involves the majority of cases and positively influences the overall agreement rate. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:545‐549. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved STR typing of telogen hair root and hair shaft DNA
Authors: Müller Kathrin , Klein Rachel , Miltner Erich , Wiegand Peter 
Published: August 2007

AbstractToday the STR typing of telogen hair and hair shafts is regarded as a challenge. The small DNA quantity in the hair is highly degraded. Another problem are PCR inhibitors in the hair. In particular hair pigments, the melanins, are known to inhibit PCR. Hairs are exposed to sunlight and partly to chemical oxidation processes, which make them even more difficult to analyze. To increase the chances of a correct typing of hair, the small amount of DNA must be successfully isolated and the inhibitors have to be removed or neutralized. Furthermore, miniSTR typing improves the analysis of stains with degraded DNA like it is the case with hair. We introduce a nonorganic extraction method and in addition a miniSTR concept which is promising in typing stains with little and degraded DNA, especially hairs. The miniSTR concept including five database STRs (SE33, VWA, TH01, FGA, D3S1358) and the gender typing system Amelogenin was optimized for the amplification of hair DNA. Compared to commercial STR kits, this approach resulted in considerably higher success rates.
Measurement of glycogen synthase activity in crude extracts by CE
Authors: Wilson Christian A. M. , Preller Ana , Valenzuela María A. , Ureta Tito 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGlycogen synthase catalyzes the incorporation of UDP‐glucose into glycogen. The activity of the enzyme is usually measured either by a spectrophotometric method or by a radioassay. The first one is not suitable because of the difficulties regarding the use of coupled enzymes in crude extracts, while the second is a time‐consuming method involving glycogen isolation and manipulation of radioactivity. We have used a CZE technique as a novel approach to measure glycogen synthase activity. The separations were performed at 22 kV (36 μA) in uncoated capillaries (53 cm×50 μm). Sample injection time was 30 s and nucleotides were monitored at 254 nm. Best resolution was achieved in 20 mM tetraborate buffer, pH 9.2. Curves of absorbance as a function of UDP and UDP‐glucose concentration were linear. Enzyme activity in oocyte extracts was linear with respect to time (up to15 min) and enzyme concentration. The Km app. for UDP‐glucose was 0.87 mM, a value identical to the one reported using the radioassay. CZE enables easy quantitation of compounds, high sensitivity, and automation of the process. Small sample sizes are required, interferences by auxiliary enzymes and manipulation of radioactivity are avoided, and analysis time is significantly diminished.
Is there information in the volatility skew?
Authors: Doran James S. , Peterson David R. , Tarrant Brian C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSince the 1987 crash, option prices have exhibited a strong negative skew, implying higher implied volatility for out‐of‐the‐money puts than at‐ and in‐the‐money puts. This has resulted in incorporating multiple jumps and stochastic volatility within the data generating process to improve the Black–Scholes model in an attempt to capture negative skewness and a highly leptokurtic distribution. The general conclusion is that there is a large jump premium in the short term, which best explains the significant negative skew for short maturity options. Alternative explanations for the negative skew are related to market liquidity driven by demand shocks and supply shortages. Regardless of the explanation for the negative skew, we assess the information content in the shape of the skew to infer if the option market can accurately forecast stock market crashes and/or spikes upward. We demonstrate, using all options on the S&P 100 from 1984–2006, that the shape of the skew can reveal with significant probability when the market will crash or spike. However, we find the magnitude of the spike prediction is not economically significant. Our findings are strongest for the short‐term out‐of‐the money puts, consistent with the notion of investors' aversion to large negative movements. We also find that the power of the crash/spike prediction decreases with an increase in the time to option maturity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:921–959, 2007
The stock closing calland futures price behavior: Evidence from the Taiwan futures market
Authors: Lee Hsiu‐Chuan , Chien Cheng‐Yi , Huang Yen‐Sheng 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis study examines the behavior of futures prices around stock market close before and after changes to the batching period of the stock closing call. On July 1, 2002, the Taiwan Stock Exchange expanded the length of the batching period roughly 10‐fold, from an average of 30 seconds to 5 minutes. This change presents an opportunity to analyze how a stock closing method affects the behavior of index futures prices. Empirical results indicate that an increase in the length of the batching period affects the return volatility and trading volume of index futures contracts around stock market close. Furthermore, preclose stock returns have a great impact on extended futures returns when the batching period of the stock closing call is long. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:1003–1019, 2007
Genetic effect of anatase on osteoblast‐like cells
Authors: Sollazzo Vincenzo , Palmieri Annalisa , Pezzetti Furio , Scarano Antonio , Martinelli Marcella , Scapoli Luca , Massari Leo , Brunelli Giorgio , Caramelli Elisabetta , Carinci Francesco 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTitanium is the gold standard among materials used for prosthetic devices, because of its good mechanical and chemical properties. When exposed to oxygen, titanium becomes an oxide that is biocompatible and able to induce osseointegration. Three allotropic forms of titanium dioxide exist, that is brookite, rutile, and anatase. Anatase can be prepared as a colloidal suspension and then used to coat surfaces. Anatase coating (AC) can potentially have specific biological effects. Here we are testing the effect of AC on osteoblast‐like cells (MG63) by using microarray techniques to identify genes that are differently regulated in osteoblasts exposed to AC. By using DNA microarrays containing 20,000 genes, we identified in osteoblast‐like cell lines (MG‐63) cultured on AC, several genes whose expression was significantly up‐ or downregulated. They cover a broad range of functional activities: signaling transduction, immunity, cell cycle regulation, lysosomes composition and vesicular transport, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix components, proliferation, and apoptosis. The data reported constitute, to our knowledge, the first genetic portrait of AC effects. They can be relevant to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of bone regeneration and as a model for comparing other materials with similar clinical effects. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Effect of chain modifications on the physicomechanical properties of silsesquioxane‐based dental nanocomposites
Authors: Soh Mui Siang , Yap Adrian U. J. , Sellinger Alan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the physicomechanical properties of a series of polyhedral silsesquioxane (SSQ) methacrylate monomers developed for dental applications. The effect of chain modifications on the properties of the SSQ‐based monomers was also evaluated. Physicomechanical properties that are investigated include polymerization shrinkage, degree of conversion, hardness, and modulus. Results obtained were compared with unfilled 1:1 (control) bis‐GMA/TEGDMA materials (typical monomers used in dental composites). All samples investigated were cured using 400–500 nm light at 500 mW/cm2 for 40 s. Shrinkage associated with curing and post‐gel reactions for all synthesized SSQ compounds were found to range from (0.04 ± 0.01)% to (0.33 ± 0.03)% with degree of conversion ranging from (56.68 ± 2.81)% to (84.53 ± 2.62)%. At all time intervals, post‐gel shrinkage associated with control was found to be significantly greater than all SSQ compounds. No significant difference in degree of conversion was observed for control, and all SSQ compounds except for SSQ attached with eight equivalents of short‐chain methacrylate. Mechanical properties associated with SSQ compounds were found to be significantly lower than control. However, through chain modifications, mechanical properties of SSQ compounds can be improved by ∼50%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
The representativeness problem of a station net applied to the verification of a precipitation forecast based on areas
Authors: Ballester Joan , Moré Jordi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe results and conclusions obtained in a verification process can be strongly influenced by its methodology, especially when some assumptions are made in order to avoid the limitations of the observational data (i.e., the lack of representativeness of the data or poor area coverage). Several aspects of the verification process must be studied if reliable conclusions are to be obtained.This paper discusses the problems related to the development of a verification method for a precipitation forecast defined over continuous areas using observational data from discrete points in space (meteorological stations). To tackle this asymmetry, the concept of the station net quality is first introduced.The verification approach is based on deterministic categorical scores. The effects of the number of stations, the spatial distribution of the station net and the precipitation thresholds used in the verification process are shown. Using different sets of precipitation stations, the scores show a strong sensitivity to the station net quality. The suitability of the scores used in this study is also analysed and the verification process is finally adapted to compensate for undesired effects. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Location‐specific prediction of maximum and minimum temperature over the western Himalayas
Authors: Dimri A. P. , Mohanty U. C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNorth India is composed, in parts, of the Himalayan mountain ranges having different altitudes and orientations. Wintertime eastward‐moving low‐pressure synoptic weather systems (western disturbances) are modified by these orographic barriers. Therefore, advance and proper information of maximum and minimum temperature becomes important for assessing natural hazard threats. The objective of the present study is to use the Perfect Prognostic Method (PPM) to develop statistical‐dynamical models for location‐specific forecast of maximum and minimum temperatures during the winter season of December to March (DJFM). Reanalysis data from the United States National Center for Environmental Prediction‐National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR), upper and surface observations at three stations of the India Meteorological Department, and surface observations at three selected study sites, were used. The models were developed with data of DJFM for 12 years (1984–1996) and tested with data of DJFM for 1 year (1996–1997). For evaluation of the performance of the models with independent data sets, four comparisons were carried out using different sets of predictors: (1) NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data, (2) operational analysis of the National Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), India, (3) day 1 forecast fields with the T80 spectral model, which is the operational general circulation model at the NCMRWF, and (4) a mesoscale model MM5 day 1 forecast. Evaluation of the performance of these statistical‐dynamical models, developed on the basis of PPM, with independent data sets for maximum and minimum temperature, demonstrates the advantages of using MM5 day 1 forecast fields as predictors. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Investigation of electric fields in B‐implanted Si by positron beam spectroscopy
Authors: Abdulmalik D. A. , Coleman P. G. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBesides its conventional applications in defect characterization, variable‐energy positron annihilation spectroscopy can be employed to monitor internal electric fields in the depletion regions in semiconductor structures. In this work, electric fields were studied in pre‐amorphized Cz Si wafers (background dopant level ∼ 1015 cm–3) implanted with 0.5 keV B ions at a dose of 1015 cm–2, and then annealed isothermally at 800oC for times ranging from 1 to 2700 s. Differences in the S parameter with annealing time were observed in samples implanted (a) with B ions only and (b) with B followed by F ions at 10keV; these were attributed to different electric fields, which drift positrons back (a) to the surface, or (b) to a vacancy‐like defected layer. Fitting of the data revealed depletion regions of widths between 150‐350 nm centered at depths between 250‐350 nm, with electric field values in the range ‐9 x 106 to ‐3 x 106 Vm–1. The depth and width of the depletion regions increase significantly for annealing times greater than 100 s, attributed to B diffusion. The results are consistent with simple theoretical estimates, but the uncertainties on the latter are large. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The impact of twinning on the local texture of chalcopyrite‐type thin films
Authors: Abou‐Ras Daniel , Pantleon Karen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTwinning in a CuInS2 layer in a completed thin‐film solar cell was analyzed by means of electron backscatter diffraction. This technique revealed the microstructure of the CuInS2 thin films and local orientation relationships between the grains. At various locations within the layer it was possible to retrace how twinning occurred comparing the local orientations with the theoretically possible changes in orientation by twinning. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)magnified imageEBSD map of a CuInS2 cross‐section with Σ3 boundaries highlighted by red lines. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
pFind 2.0: a software package for peptide and protein identification via tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Le‐heng , Li De‐Quan , Fu Yan , Wang Hai‐Peng , Zhang Jing‐Fen , Yuan Zuo‐Fei , Sun Rui‐Xiang , Zeng Rong , He Si‐Min , Gao Wen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the pFind 2.0 software package for peptide and protein identification via tandem mass spectrometry. Firstly, the most important feature of pFind 2.0 is that it offers a modularized and customized platform for third parties to test and compare their algorithms. The developers can create their own modules following the open application programming interface (API) standards and then add it into workflows in place of the default modules. In addition, to accommodate different requirements, the package provides four automated workflows adopting different algorithm modules, executing processes and result reports. Based on this design, pFind 2.0 provides an automated target‐decoy database search strategy: The user can just specify a certain false positive rate (FPR) and start searching. Then the system will return the protein identification results automatically filtered by such an estimated FPR. Secondly, pFind 2.0 is also of high accuracy and high speed. Many pragmatic preprocessing, peptide‐scoring, validation, and protein inference algorithms have been incorporated. To speed up the searching process, a toolbox for indexing protein databases is developed for high‐throughput applications and all modules are implemented under a new architecture designed for large‐scale parallel and distributed searching. An experiment on a public dataset shows that pFind 2.0 can identify more peptides than SEQUEST and Mascot at the 1% FPR. It is also demonstrated that this version of pFind 2.0 has better usability and higher speed than its previous versions. The software and more detailed supplementary information can both be accessed at http://pfind.ict.ac.cn/. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicity of phenanthrene and lindane mixtures to marine invertebrates
Authors: Evans A. D. , Nipper M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSurface waters near industrialized and agricultural areas are contaminated with hundreds of different pollutants from a variety of sources. Methods for measurement of sediment, surface water, and porewater toxicity in marine environments include the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development tests and copepod (Schizopera knabeni) survival and hatching success assessment. The concentration addition model was applied to determine whether toxicity of two compounds, phenanthrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and lindane (organochlorine pesticide), when combined can be accurately assessed because of similar modes of action. Mixture analysis determined the sea urchin fertilization test to exhibit additivity (TUmix = 1.13), while the copepod test exhibited a synergistic effect (TUmix = 0.22). Mixture toxicity data for the sea urchin embryological test were not conclusive because of the lack of toxicity of the individual chemicals. The synergistic effect to copepods is a concern as it indicates that greater toxic effects may occur when the compounds are present in mixtures. Results from this research suggest that increased toxicity to some categories of organisms should be expected near agricultural and industrial areas where pesticides and other types of compounds may occur simultaneously. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 22: 495–501, 2007.
Effect of temperature on heavy metal toxicity to earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (Annelida: Oligochaeta)
Authors: Khan M. A. Q. , Ahmed S. A. , Salazar A. , Gurumendi J. , Khan A. , Vargas M. , von Catalin B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractEarthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) acclimated at 2°C above their habitat temperature (10–12°C) showed about 5% increase in basal rate of oxygen consumption, which increased to about 38% in 14–16°C‐ and 40% in 16–18°C‐, but decreased by 84% in 20–22°C‐acclimated worms. Temperature also increased the blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, which decreased slightly in 20–22°C‐acclimated worms. The worms acclimated at 20–22°C showed their blood to be hypovolemic than that of 10–12°C worms indicating dehydration. Pre‐exposure of 10–14°C‐acclimated worms to sublethal concentrations of zinc, copper, and lead did not significantly affect the rate of respiration. However, at higher temperatures all these metals inhibited oxygen consumption; zinc, lead, and cadmium by ∼11% and copper by ∼18% of that at 14–16°C. At 20–22°C, the respiration was further inhibited, 36% by copper, 18% by cadmium, and ∼10% by lead and zinc. Copper, lead, and zinc decreased the temperature‐enhanced increase in blood Hb concentration at all temperatures. In 20–22°C‐acclimated worms heavy metal exposure slightly lowered the oxygen affinity of Hb as well as caused shifts in carbon monoxide difference spectra. The acute toxicity of these metals was not affected by a 2°C rise in acclimation temperature but increased by 17% (lead), 33% (copper), and 5% (zinc) in 14–16°C‐ and by 40% (lead), 149% (copper), and 132% (zinc) in 20–22°C‐acclimated worms. The increase in toxicity of metals caused by high temperatures may be due to limiting the scope of aerobic metabolism (oxygen extraction, transport, and utilization) via quantitative and qualitative effects on Hb. This terrestrial species appears to be tolerant of slight increases in habitat temperature, such as that expected with current global climate change. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 22: 487–494, 2007.