bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of surgical treatment for signs of acute abdominal pain in draft horses: 72 cases (1983–2002)
Authors: Rothenbuhler Ryan , Hawkins Jan F. , Adams Stephen B. , Lescun Timothy B. , Weil Ann B. , Glickman Lawrence T. , Fessler John F. , Glickman Nita G. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether heavy (≥ 680 kg [≥ 1,500 lb]) draft horses undergoing surgical treatment for acute signs of abdominal pain were at a greater risk for anesthetic and postoperative complications and lower postoperative survival rates than light (< 680 kg) draft horses.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—72 draft horses.
Procedures—Medical records of draft horses that underwent exploratory celiotomy for signs of acute abdominal pain from October 1983 to December 2002 were reviewed. Medical records of draft horses in which a celiotomy was performed for correction of reproductive abnormalities were not included in the study.
Results—When compared with light draft horses, heavy draft horses had longer durations of anesthesia, more postoperative complications, and lower survival rates. Seventy-six percent of horses that recovered from anesthesia had postoperative complications. Postoperative complications associated with low survival rates included myopathy and neuropathy, ileus, diarrhea, and endotoxemia. All horses with postoperative myopathy and neuropathy died or were euthanized. The short-term survival rate for horses that recovered from anesthesia was 60%. Horses undergoing small intestinal surgery had a worse prognosis for short-term survival than those undergoing large intestinal surgery. The survival rate for horses for which long-term (> 1 year) follow-up information was available was 50%.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Draft horses weighing > 680 kg that underwent surgery because of acute signs of abdominal pain had longer durations of anesthesia, more postoperative complications, and higher mortality rates than draft horses weighing < 680 kg.
A Small‐Molecule–Protein Interaction System with Split‐Ubiquitin as Sensor
Authors: Dirnberger Dietmar , Unsin Gabriele , Schlenker Stephan , Reichel Christoph 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe identification of receptors for small molecules is of great pharmaceutical importance for drug‐discovery research. Several systems for the identification of protein–small‐molecule interactions have been developed in the past. These were modifications of the classical yeast two‐hybrid system, relying on a transcriptional read‐out following nuclear translocation of the complex. Here we present a novel three‐hybrid technology based on the split‐ubiquitin system for the analysis of protein–small‐molecule interactions independently of a nuclear translocation of the complex. The performance of the system is compared to a method based on the classical yeast two‐hybrid system by using a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) comprised of methotrexate linked to dexamethasone. Steric issues are addressed by varying the linker length of the compounds, as well as by comparing the orientation of fusion proteins. The system is further extended to the analysis of a small‐molecule inhibitor of human PCTAIRE protein kinase 3, which is related to cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), an important class of pharmaceutical targets.
Cytocompatibility and Antibacterial Activity of a PHBV Membrane with Surface‐Immobilized Water‐Soluble Chitosan and Chondroitin‐6‐sulfate
Authors: Yu Da‐Guang , Lin Wen‐Ching , Lin Chien‐Hong , Yang Ming‐Chien 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSummary: A water‐soluble chitosan (WSC)/chondroitin‐6‐sulfate (ChS) polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) is covalently immobilized onto the surface of poly(3‐hydroxybutyric acid‐co‐3‐hydroxyvaleric acid) (PHBV) membranes via ozone‐induced oxidation and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) graft polymerization. To characterize the modified membranes, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle measurements are performed. It is shown that by coupling WSC as a spacer, the amount of ChS immobilized can be significantly increased. The water contact angle decreases with the amount of PAA, WSC, and ChS immobilized, which indicates the improving hydrophilicity. After WSC‐ and PEC‐immobilization modification, the PHBV membranes possess antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and Methicilin resistant Staphylococus aureus (MRSA). According to the L929 fibroblast cell growth inhibition index, the as‐prepared PHBV membranes are non‐cytotoxic. In addition, the in‐vitro evaluation of L929 fibroblast attachment, proliferation, and viability of PEC‐immobilized PHBV membranes are ascertained to be superior to those of immobilized WSC or ChS alone. The overall results demonstrate that WSC/ChS PEC immobilization can not only improve the hydrophilicity and cytocompatibility of the PHBV membrane, but also endows antibacterial activity.The bacterial survival ratio of as‐prepared PHBV membranes (n = 3).magnified imageThe bacterial survival ratio of as‐prepared PHBV membranes (n = 3).
SBS/Polyaniline or Carbon Black System: Finding the Optimal Process and Molding Temperatures Through Experimental Design
Authors: Souza Fernando G. , Soares Bluma G. , Pinto José C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSummary: The optimum mixing and molding conditions for processing of styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer filled with carbon black (CB) or polyaniline doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (Pani.DBSA) were determined. The mechanical performance of SBS/CB and SBS/Pani.DBSA composites were characterized in terms of strain and stress responses at break condition. In order to reach this goal, two mixed two‐ and three‐level factorial designs were employed. The obtained data show that the molding temperature is the most important parameter to affect the mechanical behavior of the systems. Among the systems analyzed, the SBS/Pani.DBSA blends presented the highest sensitivity to the process and molding conditions.Elongation of composites as a function of molding temperature.imageElongation of composites as a function of molding temperature.
Properties of PZT/SiC composites processed by solid state diffusion
Authors: Chen Heng , Yang Hong , Dong Xianlin , Wang Yongling 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPZT/SiC composites were fabricated by a heterogeneous precipitation followed by a solid state diffusion process. The content of SiC increased with increasing heating temperature of the solid state diffusion process. SEM showed that microstructures of PZT ceramics and composites were similar, and TEM and EDS showed that SiC only located at the grain boundaries. The mechanical properties were improved markedly, and the dielectric breakdown voltage of PZT/SiC composites increases by 80% compared to that of uncomposited PZT ceramics, which can bring a 200% increase in the energy storage density while maintaining the level of dielectric constant, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evolutionary modal identification utilizing coupled shear–flexural response—implication for multistory buildings. Part II : Application
Authors: Alimoradi Arzhang , Naeim Farzad 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA novel solution of dynamic response of multistory buildings is utilized in an evolutionary system identification algorithm for rapid and robust estimation of dynamic characteristics of instrumented structures. The method is fully automated such that it can be used virtually without delay in the aftermath of an urban earthquake. The application of the proposed method and its capabilities are exhibited through numerous examples of building structures shaken by multiple earthquakes in their lives; a number of them are amongst the most intensively studied instrumented buildings. The introduction of stiffness ratio into the reduced‐order dynamic response algorithm that is used in this study (Miranda and Taghavi, 2005) makes it possible to monitor any loss of flexural and/or shear stiffness in a structure subject to strong ground shaking. The system identification scheme presented here is part of a comprehensive structural health‐monitoring software system that is developed for the instrumented building structures at the R&D Department of John A. Martin & Associates with collaboration with research universities. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors and coronary occlusion – exploring dose–response relationships
Authors: McGettigan Patricia , Han Pearline , Henry David 
Published: May 2006

AimsTo investigate the relationship between acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and ingested doses of selective cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors and other nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).MethodsCase–control study, commenced August 2003. Cases were patients admitted to hospital with ACS (myocardial infarction/unstable angina). Controls were hospital patients admitted for reasons other than acute vascular ischaemia or conditions that are believed to be complications of treatment with COX‐2 inhibitors or NSAIDs. Structured interviews were undertaken within 7 days of admission, collecting information on cardiovascular events and risk factors and all ingested drugs, including the doses of COX‐2 inhibitors and NSAID consumed in the previous week and month.ResultsAn interim analysis of the data was conducted in late 2004 to inform a review of the COX‐2 inhibitors by the Australian drug regulatory agency. Between August 2003 and October 2004, we recruited 328 ACS cases and 478 controls. With non‐use of COX‐2 inhibitors or NSAIDs as the reference the adjusted odds ratios (OR) for ACS were: celecoxib 1.11 (95% confidence interval 0.59, 2.11), rofecoxib 0.63 (0.31, 1.28) and other NSAIDs 0.67 (0.41, 1.09). Among control subjects, median daily ingested doses of celecoxib and rofecoxib were 200 mg and 13.4 mg, respectively. Using these to stratify risk, adjusted ORs for ACS were: ‘low’ dose (< median) 0.44 (0.19, 1.03); ‘high’ dose (≥ median) 1.22 (0.67, 2.21). A test for interaction across doses was statistically significant, OR 2.8 (1.0, 7.7), suggesting that at low doses, COX‐2 inhibitors may be protective, becoming risk‐inducing only at higher doses.ConclusionThe possibility that the gradient of cardiovascular risk with COX‐2 inhibitors runs from protective to risk‐inducing has biological plausibility and merits further investigation.
Structures in the Great Attractor region
Authors: Radburn-Smith D. J. , Lucey J. R. , Woudt P. A. , Kraan-Korteweg R. C. , Watson F. G. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
To further our understanding of the Great Attractor (GA), we have undertaken a redshift survey using the 2-degree Field (2dF) instrument on the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT). Clusters and filaments in the GA region were targeted with 25 separate pointings resulting in approximately 2600 new redshifts. Targets included poorly studied X-ray clusters from the Clusters in the Zone of Avoidance (CIZA) Catalogue as well as the Cen–Crux and PKS 1343−601 clusters, both of which lie close to the classic GA centre. For nine clusters in the region, we report velocity distributions as well as virial and projected mass estimates. The virial mass of CIZA J1324.7−5736, now identified as a separate structure from the Cen–Crux cluster, is found to be ∼3 × 1014-M⊙, in good agreement with the X-ray inferred mass. In the PKS 1343−601 field, five redshifts are measured of which four are new. An analysis of redshifts from this survey, in combination with those from the literature, reveals the dominant structure in the GA region to be a large filament, which appears to extend from Abell S0639 (l= 281°, b=+11°) to (l∼ 5°, b∼−50°), encompassing the Cen–Crux, CIZA J1324.7−5736, Norma and Pavo II clusters. Behind the Norma cluster at cz∼ 15-000-km-s−1, the masses of four rich clusters are calculated. These clusters (Triangulum Australis, Ara, CIZA J1514.6−4558 and CIZA J1410.4−4246) may contribute to a continued large-scale flow beyond the GA. The results of these observations will be incorporated into a subsequent analysis of the GA flow.
Characterizing luminous efficiency functions for a simulated mesopic night driving task based on reaction time
Authors: Szalmas Attila , Bodrogi Peter , Sik‐Lanyi Cecilia 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study is to test the luminous efficiency functions V(λ), V′(λ), V10(λ) and their linear combinations on the basis of a data set gained from a simulated mesopic night‐time driving experiment. Another aim is to provide ‘real‐world’ data for the ‘X framework’ or ‘linear combination model’, and to find out its limits in a practical situation. Human performance was measured by the reaction time method. Results show that the single parameter of the linear combination of photopic and scotopic luminous efficiency functions can be determined analytically with little variation for a given mesopic background luminance level and a given visual target colour, but the computation leads to considerable deviations comparing all three target colours (red, green and blue) used in the experiment. The conclusion for the given experimental conditions is that the single parameter of the linear combination model has an increasing deviation for lower background luminance levels.
Child Support Reform: Some Analysis of the 1999 White Paper
Authors: PAULL GILLIAN , WALKER IAN , ZHU YU 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper uses a sample of lone mothers (and former lone mothers who are now repartnered) drawn from the 1997 Family Resources Survey to analyse the potential effects of reforming the UK system of child support. The main deficiency of the data is that non‐resident fathers cannot be matched to the mothers in the data, and this is overcome by exploiting information from another dataset which gives the joint distribution of the characteristics of separated parents. The effects of reforming the child support system are simulated for the amount of maintenance liabilities, the amount paid and the net incomes of households containing mothers‐with‐care and of households containing non‐resident fathers. The likely effects of the reform are simulated at various levels of compliance. The analysis highlights the need for further research into the incentive effects of child support on individual behaviour.
Delivery of the Malaria Virulence Protein PfEMP1 to the Erythrocyte Surface Requires Cholesterol-Rich Domains
Authors: Frankland Sarah , Adisa Akinola , Horrocks Paul , Taraschi Theodore F. , Schneider Timothy , Elliott Salenna R. , Rogerson Stephen J. , Knuepfer Ellen , Cowman Alan F. , Newbold Chris I. , Tilley Leann 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTThe particular virulence of the human malaria parasitePlasmodium falciparumderives from export of parasite-encoded proteins to the surface of the mature erythrocytes in which it resides. The mechanisms and machinery for the export of proteins to the erythrocyte membrane are largely unknown. In other eukaryotic cells, cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains or “rafts” have been shown to play an important role in the export of proteins to the cell surface. Our data suggest that depletion of cholesterol from the erythrocyte membrane with methyl-β-cyclodextrin significantly inhibits the delivery of the major virulence factorP. falciparumerythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). The trafficking defect appears to lie at the level of transfer of PfEMP1 from parasite-derived membranous structures within the infected erythrocyte cytoplasm, known as the Maurer's clefts, to the erythrocyte membrane. Thus our data suggest that delivery of this key cytoadherence-mediating protein to the host erythrocyte membrane involves insertion of PfEMP1 at cholesterol-rich microdomains. GTP-dependent vesicle budding and fusion events are also involved in many trafficking processes. To determine whether GTP-dependent events are involved in PfEMP1 trafficking, we have incorporated non-membrane-permeating GTP analogs inside resealed erythrocytes. Although these nonhydrolyzable GTP analogs reduced erythrocyte invasion efficiency and partially retarded growth of the intracellular parasite, they appeared to have little direct effect on PfEMP1 trafficking.
A Convenient One-pot Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Selenium Compounds Using Bis(trimethylsilyl) Selenide
Authors: Segi Masahito , Kato Masakazu , Nakajima Tadashi , Suga Sohei , Sonoda Noboru 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The reaction of bis(trimethylsilyl) selenide with n-BuLi followed by alkylation with an R1X gave alkyl silyl selenides. The repetition of a similar one-pot operation with the second n-BuLi and R2X yielded unsymmetrical selenides (R1SeR2) in good yields. This one-pot procedure could be also applicable to the syntheses of selenolesters, selenolcarbonates, and a phosphinothioyl selenide.
Near-infrared Absorbing Polymethine Dyes Terminally Substituted by 1-Benzothiopyrylium Ring
Authors: Nakazumi Hiroyuki , Watanabe Shigeru , Kado Seiji , Kitao Teijiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Unsymmetrical polymethine near-infrared dyes terminally containing 1-benzothiopyrylium ring and N,N-dimethylamino group were first prepared from 2-methyl-, 4-methyl-, and 2,4-dimethyl-1-benzothiopyrylium salts. It is found that the maximum wavelength of these dyes on PMMA is remarkably shifted to a shorter wavelength (60–200 nm) compared with that in solution.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Polypyrrole Films Containing Metal Oxide Particles
Authors: Yoneyama Hiroshi , Shoji Yoshihiro , Kawai Katsuhiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation of pyrrole has been undertaken in aqueous suspensions of metal oxides in the presence and absence of hydroxides. It has been found that polypyrrole films containing oxide particles can be prepared for oxides having the isoelectric point smaller than pH ca. 4.5 provided that pH of the oxide suspensions is high enough to build up negative charges on the oxide surfaces.
Boron Trifluoride-Assisted Alkylation of 2-Isoxazolines. A Novel Route to N-Unsubstituted Isoxazolidines
Authors: Uno Hidemitsu , Terakawa Tetsuya , Suzuki Hitomi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In the presence of boron trifluoride, 2-isoxazolines undergo the addition of organolithiums to afford N-unsubstituted isoxazolidines in moderate to good yields.
Synthesis of the Eudesmanolide with Proposed Structure for Septuplinolide
Authors: Tada Masahiro , Kanamori Akira 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
An eudesmanolide which has a proposed structure for septuplinolide was synthesized stereo-selectively. The spectral data of synthesized eudesmanolide are not identical with the reported data of septuplinolide to show that the proposed structure of septulpinolide is incorrect.
Facile Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Ketones by Palladium-Catalyzed Carroll Type Reaction
Authors: Shimizu Isao , Ishii Hirotoshi , Tasaka Atsuma 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Distannoxane-catalyzed transesterification of ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoroacetoacetate with allylic alcohols gave the corresponding allylic esters, which were subjected to palladium-catalyzed decarboxylation-allylation to give trifluoromethyl ketones.
Epoxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones Using Dialkylzinc-Oxygen Reagents
Authors: Yamamoto Keiji , Yamamoto Norio 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The autoxidation of the dialkylzinc well precedes the conjugate addition of this reagent to α,β-unsaturated ketones, which undergo nucleophilic epoxidation with the resulting alkylperoxozinc species.
pH-Dependent Molecular Recognition Performed by a Polycationic Cubic Azaparacyclophane
Authors: Murakami Yukito , Kikuchi Jun-ichi , Ohno Teruhisa , Hirayama Takayuki , Nishimura Hiroshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A cubic cyclophane surrounded by six faces, each being constructed with the [3.3.3.3]azaparacyclophane ring, behaved as a polycationic host in acidic aqueous media and exhibited pH-dependent binding behavior toward an anionic guest, ANS, since microenvironmental properties of the host cavity are varied by the extent of protonation at the nitrogen atoms.
A New System of Autoreduction of Hemin with Isocyanide
Authors: Nakano Taku , Kitamura Yoshitaka 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A new autoreduction system of hemin was established in the case of synthetic hemins with hydroquinone and isocyanide. The reduction of hemin needed both of hydroquinone and isocyanide. Kinetic studies suggested that a six-coordinated and low-spin iron porphyrin complex was an intermediate of the reduction.
Stereoselectivities in the Coupling Reactions between 2-Deoxyribose Derivative and Silylated Adenine
Authors: Kawakami Hiroshi , Matsushita Hajime , Shibagaki Makoto , Naoi Yoshitake , Itoh Kazuo , Yoshikoshi Hajime 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Stereoselectivities in the coupling reactions between 1-α-chloro-2-deoxyribose derivative and silylated adenine have been examined under various conditions. The best result was obtained when the coupling reaction was carried out in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in the presence of triethylamine.
Dynamic Structure of Paramagnetic Complexes, MeCpMo(CO)3(p-benzoquinone) (MeCp = η5-CH3C5H4), Formed by Photochemical Reaction of [MeCpMo(CO)3]2 with p-Benzoquinones as Studied by EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Hanaya Minoru , Iwaizumi Masamoto 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The existence of the intramolecular motion and the most stable structure of the paramagnetic complexes, MeCpMo(CO)3(p-benzoquinone), formed by photochemical reaction of [MeCpMo(CO)3]2 with p-benzoquinones were revealed by the EPR spectroscopic study.
Catalysis by Interlayer Anions of a Synthetic Hydrotalcite-like Mineral in a Halide Exchange between Organic Halides
Authors: Suzuki Eiichi , Okamoto Masaki , Ono Yoshio 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Exchgangeable Cl− anions in the interlayer sites of a hydrotalcite-like mineral, Mg6Al2(OH)16Cl2·4H2O, catalyzed a halide-exchange reaction between C6H5CH2Cl and C4H9Br or C4H9I in toluene or in DMF. Thus, for example, a reaction between C6H5CH2Cl (33 mmol) and C4H9Br (195 mmol) in DMF at 343 K for 20 h gave C6H5CH2Br with a 90% yield on a C6H5CH2Cl basis.
Asymmetrically Distorted Structure of (Polypyridyl)ruthenium(II) Complex with Sterically Hindered Ligand
Authors: Ichida Hikaru , Tachiyashiki Satoshi , Sasaki Yukiyoshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In [Ru(phen)2(dmphen)]2+(dmphen = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), the potential strong steric interaction between methyl groups and phen ligands was relieved not by the elongation of Ru–N(dmphen) bonds but by an asymmetrical distortion of coordination geometry. The phen ligands were compressed and the dmphen was elongated from the D3 symmetry. The plane of dmphen tilted 15 from the N–Ru–N coordination plane.
Synthesis and the Absolute Configuration of Panaxacol
Authors: Fujimoto Yasuo , Satoh Mitsuru , Takeuchi Naoki , Kirisawa Makoto 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Panaxacol, a polyacetylene isolated from the callus of Panax ginseng, was synthesized from D-(−)-diethyl tartrate. The absolute configuration of panaxacol was determined to be 9R, 10R.
Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonyl Allylation of Diketo Compounds by Allylic Alcohols with SnCl2
Authors: Masuyama Yoshiro , Tsunoda Tomoyoshi , Kurusu Yasuhiko 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed diallylation of 1,2-diketones and 1,2-ketoaldehyde by allyl alcohol with SnCl2 in DMI was accelerated and proceeded diastereoselectively thanks to a chelation of a carbonyl group to Sn(IV) (tin alkoxide) in the corresponding monoallylated intermediates.
Magnetic Properties and Crystal Structure of a Novel Di-μ-Formato-Bridged Binuclear Copper(II) Complex with 1,10-Phenanthroline
Authors: Tokii Tadashi , Watanabe Naofumi , Nakashima Michio , Muto Yoneichiro , Morooka Mitsuo , Ohba Shigeru , Saito Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A di-μ-formato-bridged binuclear copper(II) complex with 1,10-phenanthroline, [Cu(HCOO)(phen)(H2O)]2(NO3)2·4H2O, has been prepared and characterized by magnetic susceptibilities (80–300 K) and X-ray structure analysis. The magnetic data conform to the usual dimer equation with a singlet-triplet energy separation of −2J = 125 cm−1.