bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Influencing the influencers:” a field experimental approach to promoting effective mental health communication on TikTok
Authors: Motta Matt , Liu Yuning , Yarnell Amanda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA substantial body of social scientific research considers the negative mental health consequences of social media use on TikTok. Fewer, however, consider the potentially positive impact that mental health content creators (“influencers”) on TikTok can have to improve health outcomes; including the degree to which the platform exposes users to evidence-based mental health communication. Our novel, influencer-led approach remedies this shortcoming by attempting to change TikTok creator content-producing behavior via a large, within-subject field experiment (N = 105 creators with a reach of over 16.9 million viewers; N = 3465 unique videos). Our randomly-assigned field intervention exposed influencers on the platform to either (a) asynchronous digital (.pdf) toolkits, or (b) both toolkits and synchronous virtual training sessions that aimed to promote effective evidence-based mental health communication (relative to a control condition, exposed to neither intervention). We find that creators treated with our asynchronous toolkits—and, in some cases, those also attending synchronous training sessions—were significantly more likely to (i) feature evidence-based mental health content in their videos and (ii) generate video content related to mental health issues. Moderation analyses further reveal that these effects are not limited to only those creators with followings under 2 million users. Importantly, we also document large system-level effects of exposure to our interventions; such that TikTok videos featuring evidence-based content received over half a million additional views in the post-intervention period in the study’s treatment groups, while treatment group mental health content (in general) received over three million additional views. We conclude by discussing how simple, cost-effective, and influencer-led interventions like ours can be deployed at scale to influence mental health content on TikTok.
BrainNet: a fusion assisted novel optimal framework of residual blocks and stacked autoencoders for multimodal brain tumor classification
Authors: Ullah Muhammad Sami , Khan Muhammad Attique , Almujally Nouf Abdullah , Alhaisoni Majed , Akram Tallha , Shabaz Mohammad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA significant issue in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for medical applications is brain tumor classification. Radiologists could reliably detect tumors using machine learning algorithms without extensive surgery. However, a few important challenges arise, such as (i) the selection of the most important deep learning architecture for classification (ii) an expert in the field who can assess the output of deep learning models. These difficulties motivate us to propose an efficient and accurate system based on deep learning and evolutionary optimization for the classification of four types of brain modalities (t1 tumor, t1ce tumor, t2 tumor, and flair tumor) on a large-scale MRI database. Thus, a CNN architecture is modified based on domain knowledge and connected with an evolutionary optimization algorithm to select hyperparameters. In parallel, a Stack Encoder–Decoder network is designed with ten convolutional layers. The features of both models are extracted and optimized using an improved version of Grey Wolf with updated criteria of the Jaya algorithm. The improved version speeds up the learning process and improves the accuracy. Finally, the selected features are fused using a novel parallel pooling approach that is classified using machine learning and neural networks. Two datasets, BraTS2020 and BraTS2021, have been employed for the experimental tasks and obtained an improved average accuracy of 98% and a maximum single-classifier accuracy of 99%. Comparison is also conducted with several classifiers, techniques, and neural nets; the proposed method achieved improved performance.
Molecular architecture and platelet-activating properties of small immune complexes assembled on heparin and platelet factor 4
Authors: Yang Yang , Du Yi , Ivanov Daniil , Niu Chendi , Clare Rumi , Smith James W. , Nazy Ishac , Kaltashov Igor A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse reaction to heparin leading to a reduction in circulating platelets with an increased risk of thrombosis. It is precipitated by polymerized immune complexes consisting of pathogenic antibodies that recognize a small chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4) bound to heparin. Characterization of these immune complexes is extremely challenging due to the enormous structural heterogeneity of such macromolecular assemblies and their constituents. Native mass spectrometry demonstrates that up to three PF4 tetramers can be assembled on a heparin chain, consistent with the molecular modeling studies showing facile polyanion wrapping along the polycationic belt on the PF4 surface. Although these assemblies can accommodate a maximum of only two antibodies, the resulting immune complexes are capable of platelet activation despite their modest size. Taken together, these studies provide further insight into molecular mechanisms of HIT and other immune disorders where anti-PF4 antibodies play a central role.
A conducting polymer-based array with multiplex sensing and drug delivery capabilities for smart bandages
Authors: Meng Lingyin , Liu Sheng , Borsa Baris Ata , Eriksson Mats , Mak Wing Cheung 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEffective individual wound management, particularly in cases of prolonged healing and increased infection vulnerability, has prompted the development of wound theranostics, combining real-time diagnostic assessment and on-demand treatment. Here, we present a multifunctional conducting polymer-based smart theranostic bandage that integrates pH sensing, pH-compensated uric acid (UA) biosensing, and on-demand antibiotic release using different conducting polymers, each leveraging their advantageous intrinsic properties. Specifically, the polyaniline-based pH sensor operates reversibly across a pH range of 4–10, while the functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-based UA biosensor exhibits a linear response up to 0.9 mM UA. Simultaneous detection of pH and UA allows accurate UA determination via pH compensation. Upon detecting abnormal pH/UA levels, the polypyrrole-based drug carrier releases ciprofloxacin via 0.6 V electrical stimulation, successfully inhibiting bacterial growth in vitro. The array is assembled as a 3D patch, connected to a flexible printed circuit board, and embedded in a wound bandage, offering potential for remote wound monitoring, targeted treatment, and wireless wound management.
Endergonic synthesis driven by chemical fuelling
Authors: Olivieri Enzo , Gallagher James M. , Betts Alexander , Mrad Toufic W. , Leigh David A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpontaneous chemical reactions proceed energetically downhill to either a local or global minimum, limiting possible transformations to those that are exergonic. Endergonic reactions do not proceed spontaneously and require an input of energy. Light has been used to drive a number of deracemizations and thermodynamically unfavourable bond-forming reactions, but is restricted to substrates that can absorb, directly or indirectly, energy provided by photons. In contrast, anabolism involves energetically uphill transformations powered by chemical fuels. Here we report on the transduction of energy from an artificial chemical fuel to drive a thermodynamically unfavourable Diels–Alder reaction. Carboxylic acid catalysed carbodiimide-to-urea formation is chemically orthogonal to the reaction of the diene and dienophile, but transiently brings the functional groups into close proximity, causing the otherwise prohibited cycloaddition to proceed in modest yield (15% after two fuelling cycles) and with high levels of regio- (>99%) and stereoselectivity (92:8 exo:endo). Kinetic asymmetry in the fuelling cycle ratchets the Diels–Alder reaction away from the equilibrium distribution of the Diels–Alder:retro-Diels–Alder products. The driving of the endergonic reaction occurs through a ratchet mechanism (an energy or information ratchet, depending on the synthetic protocol), reminiscent of how molecular machines directionally bias motion. Ratcheting synthesis has the potential to expand the synthetic chemistry toolbox in terms of reactivity, complexity and control.
Toward a circular economy: zero-waste manufacturing of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites
Authors: Barnett Philip R. , Hmeidat Nadim S. , Zheng Bingqian , Penumadu Dayakar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFiber-reinforced composites are becoming ubiquitous as a way of lightweighting in the wind, aerospace, and automotive industries, but current recycling technologies fall short of a circular economy. In this work, fiber-reinforced composites made of recycled carbon fiber and polyphenylene sulfide were recycled and remanufactured using common processing technologies such as compression and injection molding. An industrially viable size-exclusive sieving technique was used to retain fiber length and reduce variability in the mechanical properties of the remanufactured composites. Fiber length reduction alone could not explain the strength reductions apparent in the composites, which we propose are due to microstructural inhomogeneity as defined by poor dispersion of the fibers. Future recycling efforts must focus on fiber length retention and good dispersion to make composite remanufacturing a viable path toward a circular economy.
The ‘communicatome’ of pregnancy: spotlight on cellular and extravesicular chimerism
Authors: Graf Isabel , Urbschat Christopher , Arck Petra C 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCommunication via biological mediators between mother and fetus are key to reproductive success and offspring’s future health. The repertoire of mediators coding signals between mother and fetus is broad and includes soluble factors, membrane-bound particles and immune as well as non-immune cells. Based on the emergence of technological advancements over the last years, considerable progress has been made toward deciphering the “communicatome” between fetus and mother during pregnancy and even after birth. In this context, pregnancy-associated chimerism has sparked the attention among immunologists, since chimeric cells—although low in number—are maintained in the allogeneic host (mother or fetus) for years after birth. Other non-cellular structures of chimerism, e.g. extracellular vesicles (EVs), are increasingly recognized as modulators of pregnancy outcome and offspring’s health. We here discuss the origin, distribution and function of pregnancy-acquired microchimerism and chimeric EVs in mother and offspring. We also highlight the pioneering concept of maternal microchimeric cell-derived EVs in offspring. Such insights expand the understanding of pregnancy-associated health or disease risks in mother and offspring.
Direct single‐phase isolated improved gamma Z‐source AC–AC converter suitable for DVR application
Authors: Majarshin Alireza Razavi , Babaei Ebrahim , Khoshkbar‐Sadigh Arash 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA direct single‐phase isolated improved gamma Z‐source AC–AC converter is designed and manufactured in proposed paper. This converter contains an impedance source structure and its advantages. In general, these advantages are as follows. Firstly, the proposed structure has a wide range of output voltage as boost and buck as well as in‐phase or out‐of‐phase states. Secondly, the proposed converter is electrically isolated thanks to a high frequency transformer (HFT), which significantly reduces the volume of the structure; therefore, in applications such as dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), there is no need to install a coupling transformer with the grid frequency which is very bulky and full of losses. Furthermore, the HFT of the proposed converter is a three winding transformer which also acts as the inductance needed for impedance source network. In addition, the safe commutation method has been utilized, which reduces the voltage spikes on the power switches. Finally, the analysis and design of this converter has been done, and then confirmed by a small‐scale laboratory prototype.
Süßstoffe und ihre Wirkung auf das Körpergewicht
Authors: Kabisch Stefan 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungSüßstoffe sind chemisch, geschmacklich und biologisch heterogene, hochpotente
Süßungsmittel, die in kalorienreduzierten Getränken, hochprozessierten Speisen
und diätetischen Ersatzmahlzeiten verwendet werden. Maximal empfohlene
Verzehrsmengen (“acceptable daily intake”, ADI) werden bei ausgewogener
Ernährung und bei ausgeprägter Nutzung trotz konservativer Auslegung meist nicht
erreicht. Süßstoffmischungen begünstigen die Unterschreitung der ADIs und die
Geschmacksoptimierung.Epidemiologisch ist Süßstoffverzehr mit Adipositas, Typ-2- Diabetes,
kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen und Krebs assoziiert. Starke Confounder (andere
Lebensstilfaktoren) und „reverse causality“ schwächen aber die Aussagekraft.In verblindeten randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien (RCTs) bewirken Süßstoffe
gegenüber Zucker eine signifikante Reduktion von Körpergewicht und Leberfett,
während glykämische Parameter zum Nachteil trenden. Der Gewichtsverlust liegt
unter der Erwartung gemäß der theoretisch eingesparten Kalorien. Psychologische
oder metabolische Störeffekte der Süßstoffe sind daher aktuell Gegenstand
intensiver Forschung, bei der das Inkretinsystem, die Konditionierung auf
Süßreize und das Darmmikrobiom Ansatzpunkte darstellen.
Auswertung von „Real-World“-Daten aus einem 6-monatigen
Abnehmkurs
Authors: Gemesi Kathrin , Schmidt-Tesch Susanne , Krowartz Eva-Maria , Holzapfel Christina , Hauner Hans 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Datenlage für Deutschland zur Effektivität von
niederschwelligen multimodalen Programmen zur Gewichtsreduktion ist begrenzt.
Die vorliegende Auswertung von „Real-World“-Daten untersucht den Effekt eines
Abnehmkurses auf das Körpergewicht.
Material und Methoden Der Abnehmkurs „Erfolgreich abnehmen“ beinhaltet ein
multimodales 6-monatiges Programm bestehend aus Ernährungs- und
Bewegungseinheiten plus medizinischer Betreuung und wurde seit 2011 regelmäßig
am Institut für Ernährungsmedizin der Technischen Universität München
durchgeführt. Daten zum Körpergewicht wurden erfasst und mittels
Intention-To-Treat (ITT) und Completers-Analyse evaluiert.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 17 Kurse mit 152 Erwachsenen (73,7% weiblich;
47,0±11,8 Jahre alt) ausgewertet. Zu Beginn lag der Body Mass Index (BMI) bei
38,6±5,6 kg/m2. Multiple lineare Regressionsmodelle zeigten nach
sechs Monaten einen statistisch signifikanten Gewichtsunterschied von − 4,3 kg
für die „Baseline observation carried forward“ (BOCF) Analyse und − 6,6 kg
(jeweils p<0,001) für die Completers-Analyse.
Schlussfolgerung Der 6-monatige multimodale Abnehmkurs „Erfolgreich
abnehmen“ erwies sich unter realen Bedingungen als kurzfristig wirksam und
durchführbar.
Adipositastherapie in Deutschland – quo vadis?
Authors: Hauner Hans 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung der Adipositas steht derzeit vor einem gewaltigen Umbruch. Dazu
tragen mehrere Entwicklungen gleichzeitig bei: neue gewichtssenkende
Medikamente, Innovationen in der interventionellen Adipositastherapie, digitale
Therapieoptionen und nicht zuletzt politische Entscheidungen. Die
Herausforderung besteht darin, diese Veränderungen sinnvoll zu kombinieren und
daraus ein rationales System zu formen, das die Behandlung von Menschen mit
Adipositas substanziell verbessert. Es wird in den nächsten Jahren entscheidend
darauf ankommen, dass sich die verschiedenen Parteien/Stakeholder auf machbare
und schrittweise Änderungsprozesse verständigen. Eine bessere Versorgung wird
zunächst das Gesundheitssystem belasten, mittelfristig ist aber eine Eindämmung
der Adipositasepidemie und eine Kosteneinsparung durch die Vermeidung teurer
Begleit- und Folgekrankheiten zu erwarten. Ähnlich wichtig ist ein breiter
gesellschaftlicher Konsens, um endlich Maßnahmen zur Verringerung der adipogenen
Lebensbedingungen zu ergreifen.
Immune Changes in Infants of Preeclampsia Mothers: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Ali Ahmed S. , Ghazally Marwa , Fathy Mohamed Amir , Atwa Samia , Abdel-Aziz Safwat M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) is a prevalent disease especially in developing countries. PE influences maternal immune cells and cytokines, with prevailing of proinflammatory cytokines and reduction of regulatory cells. It has a short- and long-term impact on newborn mortalities and morbidities. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of previous literature discussing the effect of PE on infant immunity to help design future research. A comprehensive search was done on three databases including PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE with mesh and text terms. We could identify 851 titles published from 2000 to the time of search. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, and they were included in the quality assessment. Twenty-four studies were identified, covering the impact of PE on various neonatal immune cells and cytokines. PE is associated with a decrease in the number of several immune cells in newborns, particularly neutrophils, with enhancing cytotoxic effect of both neutrophils and natural killer (NK) cells. Treg cells were considerably reduced with increase of cytotoxic T cells CD8+ and memory cells CD45RO+ in both CD4+ and CD8 + . Proinflammatory cytokines like IL6, IL8, and TNF were raised in severe PE. PE is linked to a decrease in regulatory immune cells and an increase in the immune cells' cytotoxic capability, as well as the prevalence of proinflammatory cytokines in newborns. These changes were observed in cord blood and peripheral blood samples; however, future research should investigate the long-term effect of PE on neonatal immunity.
Green digital finance and technology diffusion
Authors: Tan Xiujie , Cheng Si , Liu Yishuang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTechnology diffusion is essential for sustainable development. However, traditional financing faces structural problems in supporting technological innovation and diffusion. Fortunately, greening and digitalisation have become important directions for the financial development. It’s well worth examining whether green digital finance would promote the diffusion of technology among regions. Therefore, this study explores the causal relationship between green digital finance and technology diffusion using the panel data of 35,532 ‘citing city-cited city’ pair observations from 2002 to 2015. Considering different spatial spillover effects of administrative boundaries and geographic distances, it applies and extends the classic spatial Dubin model with a dual-weighted boundary and distance. The main findings of this study are as follows. First, green digital finance shows significant and considerable spatial stimulus effects, particularly in terms of spatial diffusion across cities. A slight cumulative phenomenon is revealed for different technology diffusion durations. Green digital credit, investment, and support have better stimulating effects on technology diffusion. Second, digital economy and market integration are effective mechanism pathways during this stimulating process of green digital finance on technology diffusion. Digitalisation innovation has a better mechanism effect than others. Third, considering the direction of technology diffusion, the diffusion effect from the east-region cities was better than that from the central-west-region cities.
Artificial intelligence and the future of the internal audit function
Authors: Wassie Fekadu Agmas , Lakatos László Péter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) can support the company’s internal audit function (IAF) by delivering substantial strategic oversight, minimizing manual procedures, and making possible additional value-added auditing service. Currently, there are research gaps in the literature, such as limited studies on the topic, low AI adoption rates in the IAF across different countries and regions, and a shortage of comprehensive frameworks for effectively using AI in the IAF. Hence, this review work aims to fill the research gap by offering an outline of research avenues on the topic in the literature and suggesting a new compressive framework for the effective use of AI in the IAF. This paper undertakes a systematic literature review (SLR) approach and aspires to highlight the state of research on the use of AI in the IAF, to deliver insight for scholars and industry experts on the issue, and to reveal the implications for IAF of the new AI technology. Moreover, to quickly make artificial intelligence work in internal audit functions, the CACS framework was recommended with attributes such as commitment, access, capability, and skills development (CACS). This work provides significant contributions for guiding future research directions and the development of theoretical foundations for the IAF field. On a practical level, the work will help internal auditors to assess and understand the potential advantages and risks of implementing AI in their organization’s IAF. For regulators, this review should prove useful for updating regulations on internal auditing in the context of using advanced technology such as AI and for ensuring the compliance of internal auditing practices to the evolving technology. Organizations can also benefit from this review to decide whether AI investments in their IAF are justified. This review made an initial extensive SLR on AI use in the IAF as a basis for developing new research avenues in auditing and accounting.
Chiral symmetry breaking and topological charge of zigzag graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Cheol Lee Hyun , Eric Yang S-R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Interacting quasi-one-dimensional zigzag graphene nanoribbons display gapped edge excitations. Although the self-consistent Hartree–Fock fields break chiral symmetry, our work demonstrates that zigzag graphene nanoribbons maintain their status as short-range entangled symmetry-protected topological insulators. The relevant symmetry involves combined mirror and time-reversal operations. In undoped ribbons displaying edge ferromagnetism, the band gap edge states with a topological charge form on the zigzag edges. An analysis of the anomalous continuity equation elucidates that this topological charge is induced by the gap term. In low-doped zigzag ribbons, where the ground state exhibits edge spin density waves, this topological charge appears as a nearly zero-energy edge mode. Our system is outside the conventional classification for topological insulators.