bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural composition and sediment transfer in a composite cirque glacier: Glacier de St. Sorlin, France
Authors: Roberson Sam 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper considers the links between structure, sediment transport and sediment delivery at Glacier de St. Sorlin, France. Sediment transported by the glacier is concentrated at flow‐unit boundaries as medial moraines, controlled by the position of bedrock outcrops in the accumulation area. Rockfall entrained within primary stratification is tightly folded at flow‐unit boundaries under high cumulative strains and laterally compressive stress. High cumulative strains and laterally compressive stresses lead to the development of longitudinal foliation from primary stratification. Folding elevates subglacial sediments into foliation‐parallel debris ridges, which are exposed in the ablation area. Crevasses and shear planes within the glacier have little control on sediment transport. Debris stripes in the proglacial area are morphologically similar to foliation‐parallel debris ridges; however, they are not structurally controlled, but formed by fluvial erosion. The conclusion of this study is that at Glacier de St. Sorlin proglacial sediment‐landform associations are subjected to intense syn‐ and post‐depositional modification by high melt‐water discharges, hence their composition does not reflect that of sediments melting out at the terminus. The action of melt water limits the potential of the sedimentary record to be used to constrain numerical models of past glacier dynamics in debris‐poor glacierized Alpine catchments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mass balance approach to quantifying Pb storage and fluxes in an upland catchment of the Peak District, north‐central England
Authors: Shotbolt L. A. , Rothwell J. J. , Lawlor A. J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA mass balance model of the main Pb stores and fluxes for a typical organic‐rich upland catchment in the Peak District, UK, has been produced. The model, based on the Howden reservoir catchment, reveals that the majority of Pb in the catchment is stored within the soil (approximately 8·63 t km−2). Soil Pb levels are extremely high and can only be explained as the result of centuries of atmospheric Pb deposition from surrounding urban–industrial conurbations, and mining and smelting activity within the Peak District National Park. The atmospheric Pb flux onto the Howden catchment is approximately 107 kg a−1. The aquatic Pb flux is estimated at between 29·9 and 71·7 kg a−1; thus, at present, catchment soils are acting as a sink for Pb pollution. The Howden reservoir acts as a secondary store for Pb eroded and leached from catchment soils, with approximately 80% re‐deposited in its sediments. It is estimated that 2·3% of the catchment soil Pb pool has been retained in the reservoir sediments over its 91 year lifespan.Although the catchment is currently acting as a Pb sink, the rate of change in the soil Pb pool is very small. Future change in climate or deposition chemistry could, however, transform catchment soils into a significant source of Pb to the aquatic environment and water supply. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Price discovery in the options markets: An application of put‐call parity
Authors: Hsieh Wen‐Liang G. , Lee Chin‐Shen , Yuan Shu‐Fang 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis study investigates the relative rate of price discovery in Taiwan between index futures and index options, proposing a put‐call parity (PCP) approach to recover the spot index embedded in the options premiums. The PCP approach offers the benefits of reducing model risk and alleviating the burden of volatility estimation. Consistent with the trading‐cost hypothesis, a dominant tendency is found for futures and a subordinate but non‐trivial price discovery from options. The relative weight of options price discovery is sensitive to the methodology employed as the means of inferring the option‐implicit spot price. The empirical evidence suggests that the information contained in the PCP‐implied spot encompasses that provided by the Black‐Scholes‐implied spot. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:354– 375, 2008
Efficiency of the IBEX spot–futures basis: The impact of the mini‐futures
Authors: McMillan David G. , Garcia Raquel Quiroga 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper considers whether the introduction of the mini‐futures contract for the Spanish Ibex index affects overall market efficiency. Using linear, non‐linear, and fractional integration modeling techniques for the basis term, results of this study suggest the following salient points. First, the equilibrium speed of adjustment is reduced after the introduction of the mini‐futures contract. This effect is particularly pronounced in the mini‐futures second year when its contracts are more heavily traded. Second, fractional integration tests support longer memory in the basis term after the contract introduction, again particularly in the second year. Third, the relationship between the full‐size and mini‐futures contracts appears highly efficient, with a quick speed of adjustment and short memory. Finally, an examination of the volatility dynamics suggests that in the second year of the mini‐futures contract shocks to spot return volatility exhibit longer memory. The results reported here suggest that the increased use of the mini‐futures contract after its introduction has had a detrimental impact on price discovery. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28: 398–415, 2008
Intraday volatility in the bond, foreign exchange, and stock index futures markets
Authors: Martinez Valeria , Tse Yiuman 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIntraday volatility for the Eurodollar, the Euro/dollar foreign exchange rate, and the E‐mini S&P 500 futures contracts traded on a continuous 23‐hour schedule on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange Globex electronic platform is studied. Volatility transmission in a single market across different regions is mainly explained by intraregion volatility (heat waves); interregion volatility (meteor showers) plays a secondary role. The joint impact of liquidity variables such as volume and open interest on volatility is also analyzed. Volume tends to increase volatility, but open interest does not affect it. The results are explained by the type of trading venue. Unlike floor‐based trading systems, in electronic markets open interest does not seem to provide additional information on market liquidity and its relation to volatility beyond any information contributed by volume. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:313– 334, 2008
Raman and FTIR microscopic imaging of colon tissue: a comparative study
Authors: Krafft Christoph , Codrich Daniela , Pelizzo Gloria , Sergo Valter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractColon tissue constitutes a valid model for the comparative analysis of soft tissue by Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging because it contains four major tissue types such as muscle tissue, connective tissue, epithelium and nerve cells. Raman microscopic images were recorded in the mapping mode using 785 nm laser excitation and a step size of 10 μm from three regions within a thin section that encompassed mucus, mucosa, submucosa, and longitudinal and circular muscle layers. FTIR microscopic images that were composed of 4, 8 and 9 individual images of 4096 spectra each were recorded from the same regions using a FTIR spectrometer coupled to a microscope with a focal plane array detector. Furthermore, Raman microscopic images were recorded at a step size of 2.5 μm from three ganglia that belong to the myenteric plexus. The results are discussed with respect to lateral resolution, spectral resolution, acquisition time and sensitivity of both modalities. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fluorescent proteins for single‐molecule fluorescence applications
Authors: Seefeldt Britta , Kasper Robert , Seidel Thorsten , Tinnefeld Philip , Dietz Karl‐Josef , Heilemann Mike , Sauer Markus 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe present single‐molecule fluorescence data of fluorescent proteins GFP, YFP, DsRed, and mCherry, a new derivative of DsRed. Ensemble and single‐molecule fluorescence experiments proved mCherry as an ideally suited fluorophore for single‐molecule applications, demonstrated by high photostability and rare fluorescence‐intensity fluctuations. Although mCherry exhibits the lowest fluorescence quantum yield among the fluorescent proteins investigated, its superior photophysical characteristics suggest mCherry as an ideal alternative in single‐molecule fluorescence experiments. Due to its spectral characteristics and short fluorescence lifetime of 1.46 ns, mCherry complements other existing fluorescent proteins and is recommended for tracking and localization of target molecules with high accuracy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), or multicolor applications. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A subcelluar proteomic investigation into vincristine‐resistant gastric cancer cell line
Authors: Yang Yi‐Xuan , Chen Zhu‐Chu , Zhang Gui‐Ying , Yi Hong , Xiao Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to successful cancer treatment. To understand the mechanism of MDR better, a subcelluar proteomics approach was used to compare the protein profile between vincristine‐resistant human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/VCR and its parental cell line SGC7901. After differential solubilization, the subfractionation proteins were separate by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE), and the differential protein spots were identified by both MALDI‐TOF‐MS and ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS. Then the differential expressional levels of partial identified proteins were determined by Western blot analysis. Furthermore, one of the highly expressed proteins in SGC7901/VCR, Sorcin, associated with MDR was analyzed. In this study, the well‐resolved, reproducible 2‐DE patterns of subfractionation proteins from SGC7901/VCR and SGC7901 were established, and 30 differential proteins between the two cell lines were identified. The functional validation showed that the elevated sorcin expression could contribute considerably to the vincristine resistance in SGC7901/VCR. The 30 differentially expressed proteins could be divided into six groups based on their functions: calcium binding proteins, chaperones, metabolic enzymes, proteins relative to signal transduction, proteins involved in transcription and translation, and transportation proteins, and most of them might be new MDR associated proteins, which have not been detected previously. These data will be valuable for further to study the mechanisms of MDR in human gastric cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1010–1021, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NF‐κB and epithelial to mesenchymal transition of cancer
Authors: Min Chengyin , Eddy Sean F. , Sherr David H. , Sonenshein Gail E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDuring progression of an in situ to an invasive cancer, epithelial cells lose expression of proteins that promote cell–cell contact, and acquire mesenchymal markers, which promote cell migration and invasion. These events bear extensive similarities to the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which has been recognized for several decades as critical feature of embryogenesis. The NF‐κB family of transcription factors plays pivotal roles in both promoting and maintaining an invasive phenotype. After briefly describing the NF‐κB family and its role in cancer, in this review we will first describe studies elucidating the functions of NF‐κB in transcription of master regulator genes that repress an epithelial phenotype. In the second half, we discuss the roles of NF‐κB in control of mesenchymal genes critical for promoting and maintaining an invasive phenotype. Overall, NF‐κB is identified as a key target in prevention and in the treatment of invasive carcinomas. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 733–744, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on endothelial cells under conditions of simulated microgravity
Authors: Ulbrich Claudia , Westphal Kriss , Baatout Sarah , Wehland Markus , Bauer Johann , Flick Burkhard , Infanger Manfred , Kreutz Reinhold , Vadrucci Sonia , Egli Marcel , Cogoli Augusto , Derradji Hanane , Pietsch Jessica , Paul Martin , Grimm Daniela 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFibroblast growth factors interact with appropriate endothelial cell (EC) surface receptors and initiate intracellular signal cascades, which participate in modulating blood vessel growth. EC, upon exposure to basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGFs) undergo profound functional alterations, which depend on their actual sensitivity and involve gene expression and de novo protein synthesis. We investigated the effects of bFGF on signaling pathways of EA.hy926 cells in different environments. EC were cultured under normal gravity (1 g) and simulated microgravity (µg) using a three‐dimensional (3D) clinostat. Microgravity induced early and late apoptosis, extracellular matrix proteins, endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and TGF‐β1 expression. Microgravity reduced eNOS mRNA within 24 h. Moreover, a six‐ to eightfold higher amount of IL‐6 and IL‐8 was secreted within 24 h µg. In addition, microgravity induced a duplication of NF‐kappaB p50, while p65 was quadrupled. At 1 g, bFGF application (4 h) reduced ET‐1, TGF‐β1 and eNOS gene expression. After 24 h, bFGF enhanced fibronectin, VEGF, Flk‐1, Flt‐1, the release of IL‐6, IL‐8, and TGF‐β1. Furthermore, bFGF promoted apoptosis, reduced NFkB p50, but enhanced NFkB p65. After 4 h µg, bFGF decreased TGF‐β1, eNOS, and ET‐1 gene expression. After 24 h µg, bFGF elevated fibronectin, Flk‐1 and Flt‐1 protein, and reduced IL‐6 and IL‐8 compared with vehicle treated µg cultures. In µg, bFGF enhanced NF‐KappaB p50 by 50%, Bax by 25% and attenuated p65, activation of caspase‐3 and annexin V‐positive cells. bFGF differently changes intracellular signals in ECs depending whether it is applied under microgravity or normal gravity conditions. In microgravity, bFGF contributes to protect the EC from apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1324–1341, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrolysis of Tifton 85 bermudagrass in a pressurized batch hot water reactor
Authors: Brandon Sarah K , Eiteman Mark A , Patel Krishna , Richbourg Michele M , Miller David J , Anderson William F , Doran Peterson Joy 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Ethanol production from grass is desirable due to the large amount of biomass it produces. However, a pretreatment is necessary before fermentation to increase ethanol yield. Tifton 85 bermudagrass was treated with a newly designed pressurized batch hot water reactor. Multiple temperatures, pressures, and reaction times were evaluated, and reducing sugars liberated during enzymatic hydrolysis were determined.RESULTS: Pressure had a negligible effect on digestibility of the grass, and a reaction temperature of 230 °C for 2 min was the most effective in releasing reducing sugars. Fermentations were conducted with untreated grass and with grass treated for 2 min at 200 °C or 230 °C to confirm that the increase in reducing sugar concentration resulted in an increased ethanol yield. Following hydrolysis with 2 filter paper units (FPU) of a mixed cellulase enzyme cocktail per gram dry weight of grass, fermentations were performed with engineered Escherichia coli strain LY01. Grass treated at 230 °C produced 14.7 g L−1 of ethanol, which was significantly higher than 200 °C treated grass (11.0 g L−1) and untreated grass (9.0 g L−1). Ferulic and para‐coumaric acids were also released during the fermentations.CONCLUSION: Pressurized batch hot water reactor pretreatment is effective in increasing ethanol yield of grass in fermentations. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Long‐term performance of co‐metabolic degradation of trichloroethylene in a fluidized bed reactor fed with benzene, toluene and xylene
Authors: Wu Wei‐Min , Shi Jing , Hickey Robert F 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Trichloroethylene (TCE) can be degraded under aerobic condition with toluene and other aromatic compounds. Inhibition by primary substrates and toxicity of TCE oxidation influence TCE degradation.RESULTS: Long‐term co‐metabolic degradation of TCE was evaluated using a laboratory‐scale fluidized bed reactor (12 L) with granular activated carbon (1.57 kg) as media and activated sludge as inoculum. The reactor was fed with TCE and a mixture of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) and operated with one‐pass (hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5–6 min) for 6 months and then with recirculation (HRT of 20–30 min) for 18 months. BTX/TCE‐degrading biofilm was developed within 1 month. TCE was effectively degraded with influent TCE concentrations from 48 to 280 µg L−1. BTX inhibited TCE degradation. Recirculation (or long HRT) increased TCE removal efficiency from 30% with one‐pass to 90%. BTX/TCE load ratio influenced TCE removal efficiency and TCE/BTX removal ratio. TCE degradation fitted first‐order kinetics. The biomass grown in the reactor also degraded cis‐1,2‐dichloroethylene (DCE), trans‐1,2‐DCE and vinyl chloride efficiently except for 1,1‐DCE.CONCLUSION: Co‐metabolic degradation of TCE by BTX‐degrading biomass from activated sludge is sustainable in the long term. BTX/TCE load ratio is a key parameter for TCE removal performance. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Enantioseparation with D‐Phe‐ and L‐Phe‐imprinted PAN‐based membranes by ultrafiltration
Authors: Ul‐Haq Noaman , Khan Taous , Park Joong Kon 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Solute rejection by a molecularly imprinted membrane was observed for the first time. Enantioselective poly[(acrylonitrile)‐co‐(acrylic acid)] membranes were prepared by a wet‐phase inversion method using D‐phenylalanine (D‐Phe) and L‐phenylalanine (L‐Phe) as templates, separately, in order to compare the imprinting effects of these isomers using an ultrafiltration experiment.RESULTS: Recognition sites were successfully created in the prepared membranes, which had a nanoporous structure. The rejection selectivities of 0.13 and 0.28, adsorption selectivities of 2.25 and 2.40 and permselectivities of 1.94 and 2.08 were achieved for the D‐ and L‐Phe‐imprinted membranes, respectively, after 16 mL (34 min) of ultrafiltration.CONCLUSION: Solute rejection by a molecularly imprinted membrane was selective. The performance characteristics of both the D‐ and L‐Phe‐imprinted membranes were different. Thus, the selection of an appropriate stereoisomer as a template plays an important role in the imprinting of membranes with regard to chiral resolution by ultrafiltration. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Integrated xylitol production by fermentation of hardwood wastes
Authors: Ko Chun‐Han , Chiang Po‐Neng , Chiu Pei‐Chun , Liu Chia‐Chen , Yang Chin‐Lin , Shiau Ing‐Luen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: In an effort to obtain higher‐value‐added derivatives, a process, starting with acid hydrolysis pretreatment of waste wood followed by fermentation and ultrafiltration, for production of xylitol from pulp mill hardwood wastes was developed and is reported here.RESULTS: Sequential removals of furfural, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, total phenols and acetic acid were performed with powdered activated carbon and cationic ion exchange columns for the neutralized hydrolysate. Batch fermentations with yeast extract and detoxified and concentrated hydrolysates were conducted using Candida tropicalis (BCRC 20520), Candida boidinii (BCRC 21432), Candida guilliermondii (BCRC 21549), Candida utilis (BCRC 20334) and Pichia anomala (BCRC 21359). Among the yeast strains, C. tropicalis exhibited the highest volumetric rates of product generation (QP, 0.73 g L−1 h−1) and substrate consumption (QS, 1.35 g L−1 h−1) over 44 h. Additional C. tropicalis fermentation runs achieved product yield (YP/S) values of 0.70 and 0.45 g g−1 after 96 h with urea and soybean meal respectively. Between 9.59 and 25.51 g L−1 of ethanol was also produced in these systems. Pretreatment with 2 mg L−1 polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride on the membrane surface increased protein rejection from 85 to 96% for fermentation broth in a 2 h span.CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that xylitol, a value‐added derivative, can be effectively obtained from hardwood wastes using low‐cost fermentation media. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Extraction of components of composite materials: ionic liquids in the extraction of flame retardants from plastics
Authors: Lateef Huma , Grimes Susan M , Morton Roger , Mehta Lina 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The presence of certain polybrominated flame retardants in electrical and electronic equipment plastics can make recycling of the raw materials difficult. We have investigated the use of ionic liquids to selectively remove these harmful components and a series of imidazolium‐ and pyridinium‐based ionic liquids have been prepared in a microwave reactor. Microwave synthesis is rapid and the products obtained are identical to those obtained by conventional synthetic methods.RESULTS: The solubilities of the flame retardants decabromodiphenyl ether (deca‐BDE), antimony trioxide and high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) in the ionic liquids, identified 1‐hexylpyridinium bromide as the most suitable for solid–liquid and liquid–liquid extraction, for the selective recovery of materials from the plastic composite. Optimum extraction of deca‐BDE and antimony trioxide was achieved by liquid–liquid extraction from an 8% solution of HIPS in ethyl acetate, with a reaction time of 10 min at 77 °C. The percentages of deca‐BDE and Sb2O3 extracted are 92.7% and 99.9%, respectively. The chain length of the polymer is not degraded by the extraction process, giving a residue that can be recycled.CONCLUSIONS The results show that ionic liquids can be designed to achieve selective material recovery from composites. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation of Ag‐doped TiO2nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of acetamiprid in water
Authors: Cao Yongsong , Tan Huihua , Shi Tianyu , Tang Tao , Li Jianqiang 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Surface modification by doping with metal ions and organic polymers has been proven to be an efficient route to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. Pesticide photocatalysis has been conducted with fine TiO2particles suspended in an aqueous phase.RESULTS:It has been found that the Ag dopant accelerates TiO2anatase to rutile transformation. At relatively low Ag concentrations (2–6%), anatase grain sizes decreased and specific surface areas of the TiO2powders increased. The presence of Ag in crystalline TiO2was found to increase the photocatalytic activity of TiO2in the photocatalytic degradation of acetamiprid at 25 °C.CONCLUSION:All photocatalytic degradations of acetamiprid followed pseudo‐first‐order degradation kinetics (Ct=C0e−kt) and parameters like the concentration of doped Ag appeared to play an important role affecting the reaction rate. The photocatalytic degradation velocity constant (k) was found to increase quickly with the Ag content, increasing fromn= 0.02 to 0.06, and decreased slowly fromn= 0.08 to 0.12. The half‐lives of degradation (t1/2) were 18.8, 11.3, 16.2, 10.0, 6.9, 8.4 and 14.7 min atn= 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.12, respectively. The optimal mole percentage of Ag in TiO2should be between 4% and 8%. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry