bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of 2‐deoxy D‐glucose and other sugar analogues on acid production from sugars by human dental plaque bacteria
Authors: ROBERTS K. R. , HAYES M. L. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –Solutions (10–25 μM) of D‐glucose, N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine, D‐fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose and maltotriose were readily metabolised to acid (140–250 μmol H+ wet g−1h−1) by anacrobic suspensions of fresh plaque at pH 7.5. D‐Mannose, D‐galactose, D‐glucosamine and trehalose were broken down more slowly (35–115 μmol H+ wet g−1h−1). Inhibition of this acid production occurred on adding excess amounts of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose or 5‐thio‐D‐glucose. Similarly, excess amounts of cellobiose specifically inhibited acid liberation from lactose. No acid production was detected from a number of other sugars and sugar derivatives, some of which may be useful sucrose substitutes.
In vivo and in vitro studies of inhibitory effects of restorative dental materials on salivary esterases
Authors: LINDQVIST LENNART , BARTFAI TAMAS , BERG JAN‐OLOF , BLOMLöF LEIF 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –The influence of 18 dental materials on the activity of esterases isolated, from human whole saliva has been studied. Eugenol on its own was a strong competitive inhibitor of the esterases II‐2a (Ki = 3.3/10−5 M) and II‐2b (Ki = 4.7/10−6 M). Except for Luralite® all the materials that contained eugenol as one of the components (IRM®, Nobetec® and Opotow®) were noncompetitive inhibitors. Additional in vitro inhibitors were: Adaptic®, Aspa®, Coe‐pack® and the amalgam ANA 68®. Treatment with Nobetec packs in vivo resulted in a decrease in the esterase activity of whole saliva.
Longitudinal study of transpharyngeal radiography in temporomandibular arthropathy
Authors: RASMUSSEN OLE COLLIN 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –According to appearance of the condyle on transpharyngeal radiographs temporomandibular arthropathy has a destructive phase and a reparative phase terminating in a stable state of the joint. The destructive phase is characterized by erosion. No common trait of the healing process exists as the healed condyle varies from the normal to the most irregular appearance. Once it occurs, the healing is stable. Ongoing radiologic changes take place within 1–3 years. Some technical considerations including radiation doses of the transpharyngeal projection are presented.
Criteria for diagnosis of pulp necrosis in traumatized permanent incisors
Authors: JACOBSEN INGEBORG 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –Records and radiographs of 108 patients (6–18 years) with 134 root canal treated incisors were examined. Subluxation was the most common type of injury, followed by intrusive, extrusive or lingual luxation, exarticiulation and uncomplicated crown fracture. Negative response to electric stimulation was noted in 107 teeth from the first examination. In 23 teeth an initial positive response changed to negative within 3 weeks to 9 months, whereas persistent positive reactions were recorded in four teeth. The diagnosis of necrosis was based on the following observations: negative vitality and radiographic changes (76 teeth), negative vitality and discoloration (45 teeth), negative vitality only (nine teeth), positive vitality and radiographic changes (four teeth). External inflammatory root resorption confirmed the diagnosis of necrosis in all replanted teeth and in 13 of 16 intruded teeth. Discoloration and periapical lesions were the most important diagnostic factors following subluxation, extrusive and lingual luxation. Necrosis was disclosed within 4 months in 117 teeth (87%). Diagnoses based on negative vitality and discoloration were made within 6 days to 3 months in all but one case. All external root resorptions and 37 of the 49 periapical lesions were observed within 3 weeks to 4 months of the injury.
Phosphoenolpyruvate‐dependent glucose phosphotransferase activity in Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903
Authors: ROBERTS K. R. , LINDER L. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –A constitutive phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)‐dependent glucose phosphotransferase system was found in decryptified cells of Strep. mitis. The system displayed saturation kinetics and the apparent Km value for the non‐fermentable analogue 2‐deoxyglucose (2DG) was 0.4 mm. Sodium fluoride inhibited the activity when 2‐phosphoglycerate was used as the energy source instead of PEP, Intact cells accumulated 2DG and also a derivative that behaved chromatographically like 2DG‐6‐phosphate. PEP‐dependent glucose phosphotransferase activity was also demonstrated in freshly collected plaque.
Radiographic identification of simulated carious lesions in relation to fillings with Adaptic Radiopaque®
Authors: SEWERIN IB 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible significance of the radiopacity of a composite restorative material for the radiographic identification of filling deficiencies. Class III cavities of varied size and shape were prepared at 28 proximal surfaces of 14 extracted human canines. All cavities were filled with Adaptic Radiopaque®. Simulated secondary or recurrent carious lesions were produced in 16 of the cavities by insertion of small amounts of radiolucent wax prior to filling. Each tooth was radiographed under standardized conditions using 15 different angulations. The 210 radiographs were interpreted by three observers without knowledge of the distribution of the deficiencies. They made 78.7% correct diagnoses, 18.7% false positive and 2.6% false negative diagnoses. The sensitivity of the method was 95.4, but the specificity was only 56.5. The results indicate that radiopacity of a composite resin is of a certain, although limited, value in detecting secondary and recurrent carious lesions. Regarding the high number of false positive diagnoses the radiographic findings should as far as possible be verified by a clinical examination. A majority of the false positive diagnoses could be explained by an inhomogeneous structure of the fillings.
Effect of an autopolymerizing sealant on viability of microflora in occlusal dental caries
Authors: JENSEN ØIVIND EKMAN , HANDELMAN STANLEY L. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –A total of 106 molars with occlusal caries were sealed with an autopolymerizing scalant. Samples of the carious dentin were obtained 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 d, and 2, 4, 6, and 12 months after sealant placement. The samples were cultured on enriched nonselective medium, a streptococcal medium, a Streptococcus mutans medium, and a medium for acidogenic microorganisms. The bacterial counts, were compared with control samples obtained from nonsealed occlusal carious lesions, half of which had acid conditioner applied to the occlusal surface for 1 min prior to sampling. The mean total viable counts decreased by approximately 99.9% during the 1‐year study period, from 925.1 × 104 CFU/mg of sample to 0.9 × 104 CPU/mg of sample. Statistically, there was a very strong linear relationship (P < 0.001) between the reduction in bacterial counts and time. A similar reduction was observed for the total streptococcal count and the S. mutans count. The etching procedure itself reduced the number of cultivable organisms by about 75%. Sealant material that was polymerized directly in culture media did not result in any inhibition of bacterial growth. Although slight fluctuations in the relative proportion of the microflora were observed at the different sampling intervals, there were no significant changes in the relative distribution of bacterial types with time.
Exposure to mercury and silver during removal of amalgam restorations
Authors: BRUNE DAG , HENSTEN‐PETTERSEN ARNE , BELTESBREKKE HANS 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –The content of particulate matter and mercury vapor in dentist breathing air during removal of amalgam restorations was assessed. Mercury and silver were quantitatively assayed by nuclear chemical analysis, and the mercury vapor concentration was measured with a sniffer. When the water spray was not used, the short time threshold limit values for exposure to mercury and silver were exceeded about 10 times. With water spray the mercury content was reduced to a level considerably lower than the threshold limit value, whereas the silver concentration slightly exceeded the corresponding limit.
Rationale for consistency in the use of enamel surface terms: perikymata and imbrications
Authors: RISNES STEINAR 
Published: October 2007

Abstract–The use of the enamel surface terms perikymata and imbrications/imbrication lines in the dental literature is inconsistent and therefore confusing. Based on an analysis of these terms and their original use, the following system for their future use is recommended: the whole pattern of ridges and grooves on the enamel surface is termed perikymata or imbrications. Distinction between the two elements of the pattern is attained by adding ridge/crest or groove/furrow. In such combination terms perikymata should be used in its singular form, perikyma, e.g. perikyma ridge.
Dental features in congenital persistent renal tubular acidosis of proximal type
Authors: KOPPANG HANNA STRÖMME , STENE TORBJÖRN , SOLHEIM TORE , LARHEIM TORE A. , WINSNES ARNT , MONN EIRIK , STOKKE ODDVAR 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –The dental features in a hitherto unknown type of renal tubular acidosis (capillary blood pH 7.07–7.15) of proximal type are reported. The patient presented agenesis of three second premolars, delayed development and eruption of permanent teeth, delayed shedding of the primary dentition and severe enamel hypoplasia of the permanent teeth, Apart from exceptionally thin enamel, histologic, fluorescent and polarization microscopic and microradiographic investigation of three primary teeth did not reveal unusual findings. The changes are most probably due to a generalized, acidosis‐induced defect in several highly differentiated ectodermal tissues.
Extraction of enamel proteins
Authors: MOE DENNIS , SALLING ELISABETH , KIRKEBY SVEND 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –Two multi‐step extraction procedures were used to isolate matrix proteins from fetal bovine enamel. Using SDS‐PAGE and gel isoelectric focusing it was concluded that extraction procedures influence the number of protein bands in the gel, their pI, apparent molecular weight and staining intensity.
Inflammatory cell infiltrate in labial salivary glands of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with special emphasis on tissue mast cells
Authors: SYRjÄNEN STINA M. , SYRJÄNEN KARI J. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –The labial salivary glands of 81 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those of 45 control (CO) patients were biopsied. Mast cell counts were compared with the number of other inflammatory cells (B‐ and T‐lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes, stained with acid‐α‐naphthyl acetate esterase technique (ANAE) and to fatty change and fibrosis. Mast cells were directly related to the amount of fibrosis and fatty change in both series, supporting the recent theory that these changes are age‐related phenomena and not caused by RA per se. M ast cell counts increased slightly with increasing inflammatory cell infiltration, but no correlation could be Found between mast cell counts and B or T cells. Mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) cells were fewer in the RA group than in CO patients, possibly suggesting an impaired phagocytizing capacity In their salivary glands. In many respects the results are consistem with the known function of tissue mast cells. There role in the labial salivary glands is dicussed in the light of current immunopathologic concepts of RA and lesions associated with it, i.e. Sjögren's syndrome
Incisor and jaw relationship in 27 persons with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: STENVIK ARILD , LARHEIM TORE A. , STORHAUG KARI 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –The incisor relation and craniofacial morphology, as evaluated from lateral cephalograms, were studied in 14 women and 13 men with osteogenesis imperfecta. A negative overjet was found in one woman and five men, and for the total material a mesial basal jaw relationship was observed. Data for both women and men indicated that skeletal discrepancies had been partially compensated for by the incisor inclination. Probably, persons with osteogenesis imperfecta may be regarded as a potential high‐risk group for development of malocclusion.
Regression analysis of electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles versus bite force
Authors: HAGBERG CATHARINA , AGERBERG GÖRAN , HAGBERG MATS 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the superficial masseter and the anterior temporal muscles versus the bite force was studied in 10 young women. They were fully dentate and had no dysfunction of the stomatognathic system. The descending part of the trapezius muscle was also chosen for EMG registration. The average bite force between the first molars was 396 N (Newton). Steeper slopes for the EMG versus force regression curve at high contraction levels than at low contraction levels for the superficial masseter muscle may indicate that this muscle has a recruitment pattern that differs from that of the anterior temporal muscle. In the case of the anterior temporal muscle there was no difference between the slopes for the EMG‐force regression at low and high contraction levels. There was significantly increased activity in the descending part of the trapezius muscle mainly during high bite force levels in half the subjects.
Electron probe study of coronal dentin in red deer
Authors: HALS EINAR , TÖTDAL BARD 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –A topographic description of the concentration profiles of Ca, P, Mg, Zn, F, S and K in coronal dentin of red deer is given. The concentrations reported should be regarded as serniquantitative values. An area along the mesiodistal axis of the crowns showed lower concentrations of Ca and P and higher concentrations of Mg than the surrounding bulk of dentin. The inner dentin revealed downward slopes of the Ca, P and Mg profiles toward the pulpal cavity, whereas the Zn, F and usually also the S profiles showed elevations. Incidental findings were elevations of S and K profiles near the worn incisal edges. The walls of giant tubules, which are frequent in red deer dentin, showed in many cases modest elevations of the Ga, P, Mg and Zn profiles. The lumina of these tubules revealed in a few instances elevation of the S profiles.
Ultrastructure of lingual enamel epithelium in rabbit permanent incisors
Authors: GREVSTAD HANS J. , SELVIG KNUT A. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –The recent observation thai the lingual surface of the permanent rabbit incisor, in contrast to the rodent incisor, is covered with enamel near the initially formed tip, initiated a histologic study of the enamel epithelium in this region. Tooth buds from fetal New Zealand white rabbits aged 27 and 30 days in utero were processed for transmission electron microscopy. Examination of longitudinal and cross‐sections revealed a transition of secretory ameloblasts to postsecretory amelobasts on the facial aspect of the enamel organ. Incisally. the facial ameloblast layer was continuous with postsecretory ameloblasts on the lingual aspect. More apically on the lingual surface, a gradual transition between postsecretory and reduced ameloblasts occurred. This study shows that by day 27 in utero., the ameloblasts on the lingua] aspect of the tooth are in the postsecretory and degenerative stages and that, by day 30, the enamel epithelium lingually has been replaced by cementum on the prismatic enamel and by connective tissue.
Activity of γ‐glutamyl transferase in developing teeth of the rat
Authors: AHLUND‐LTNDQVIST CATHARINA , LINDSKOG SVEN 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –γ‐Glutarnyl transferase activity was studied with an enzyme histochemical technique in rat molar teeth at different stages of development, The odontoblasts showed an increasing activity during formation of the crown. The secretory ameloblasts did not show any activity, while activity was intense in the postsecretory ameloblasts. This activity was confined to the apical part of the cell. In the reduced ameloblasts at the enamel free cusp tips a similar activity was noted. Since γ‐glutamyl transferase has been shown to be involved in endocytosis and transport of amino acids, the localization of the enzyme in developing teeth suggests an active uptake of amino acids from the enamel matrix by the ameloblasts during enamel maturation.
Snuff‐induced lesions in Finnish recruits
Authors: JUNGELL PETER , MALMSTRÖM MARIA 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –Snuff‐induced lesions from 21 snuff users were studied clinically, histologically and by electron microscopy. Clinically most lesions appeared coarsely wrinkled, grayish white and slightly elevated. All lesions were found in the upper vestibular area. Histologically, epithelial thickening, acanthosis, vacuolation of surface cells and a slight subepithelial inflammatory reaction were seen. The electron microscopic findings revealed an intact basement lamina, increased tonofilament concentration moving up towards the surface of the epithelium, widening of intercellular spaces in the spinous cell layer and partial keratinization of surface cells. The salivary flow of resting saliva showed a slightly significant increase compared to controls. That of stimulated saliva was not significantly increased among snuff users.
Dentin‐polymer bond mediated by glutaraldehyde/HEMA
Authors: MUNKSGAARD ERIK CHRISTIAN , ASMUSSEN ERIK 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –A restorative resin was bonded to EDTA‐treated dentin by means of a mixture of glutaraldehyde and HEMA. The bond exhibited a tensile strength of 17.5 ± 1.0 MPa (mean ± SEM) and was unaffected by water storage at 37°C for up to 6 months. The glutaraldehyde/ HEMA mixture was found to be most effective when the pH was between 2 and 5; an application time of 10 s was found to be sufficient for the glutaraldehyde/HEMA mixture as well as for the EDTA‐solution.
Fluoride retention in clean and plaque‐covered demineralized enamel in vivo after application of monofluorophosphate
Authors: ÖGAARD BJÖRN , GAFFAR ABDUL , BAHL MAHINDER K. , RÖLLA GUNNAR , HELGELAND KRISTEN 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –The retention of fluoride in clean and plaquc‐covcred demineralized enamel in vivo was measured 1 wk after a single application of a MFP solution with low or high content of free fluoride. Demineralization of the enamel was induced in vivo during a 4‐wk period prior to application of fluoride by applying orthodontic bands on a pair of premolars scheduled for extraction of orthodontic reasons. The band from one tooth of each pair was then removed and the tooth cleaned (clean enamel lesion). The band on the contralateral tooth (plaque‐covered enamel lesion) was left in place. The MFP solutions were applied and the teeth extracted after one more week. The chemical form of fluorine in the lesions was analyzed by conventional acid etching of the enamel combined with KOH dissolution and by a nondestructive surface analysis using ESCA to detect intact monofluorophosphate ions. The ESCA measurements showed that MFP was only present in the clean enamel lesions, indicating complete hydrolysis by dental plaque. Alkali soluble fluoride could be extracted from both plaque‐covered and clean enamel lesions. Conflicting results regarding the amount of fluoride uptake in the lesions were obtained with the acid etching and the ESCA technique. It was thus not clearly established whether plaque enhanced fluoride uptake in carious lesions after MFP application.
Evaluation of rat incisor mesenchymal cells in bleomycin injected animals fixed by immersion or perfusion
Authors: DAHL JON EINAR , KJAERHEIM ASMUND 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –Bleomycin was administered to four groups of rats in a single intravenous injection of 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively. The animals were killed by perfusion or by decapitation followed by immersion fixation at 24 h and 5 days after injection. Sections were made of maxillary incisors and evaluated by light microscopy. Bleomycin produced a transitory arrest of dividing cells resulting in an apparent synchronization of the cell population. Necrotic cells were found within the basal pulp and the preodontoblasts at 1 day observation time. After 5 days a dentinal lesion was observed at the two highest dose levels and the necrotic areas were filled in by proliferating adjacent cells. A better quality of fixation, especially of cells surrounded by dentin, was observed in perfusion fixed animals but the fixation procedure did not influence the alterations found in experimental animals.
Pattern of distribution of T lymphocytes, Langerhans cells and HLA‐DR bearing cells in normal human oral mucosa
Authors: REIBEL JESPER , DABELSTEEN ERIK , KENRAD BIRGIT , BUSCHARD KARSTEN 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –The tissue distribution of helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, Langerhans cells (LC) and HLA‐DR bearing cells was determined in normal oral mucosa by use of monoclonal antibodies OKT4, OKT8, OK.T6 and OKIal, respectively. OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells were invariably present in normal oral epithelium and in the lamina propria. OKT8+ cells were consistently seen inside the basal cell layer of the epithelium. The distribution of LC in oral epithelium showed regional variation. In palatal epithelium LC were evenly distributed in the basal half of the epithelium, whereas in buccal mucosa the highest concentration of LC was seen in the epithelium overlying the tips of connective tissue papillae. OKIal stained dendritic cells in the epithelium and plump cells with small dendritic processes in the connective tissue. Some of the latter were located close to the basal cells of the epithelium. The consistent relationship between immunocompetent cells and the epithelium of the oral mucosa suggests the presence of a local immunologic defence barrier in the oral mucosa.
Comparative antibacterial effectiveness of seven hand antiseptics
Authors: MYKLEBUST STALE 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –Seven hand antiseptics (alcohol‐, iodophor‐ and chlorhcxidine preparations) were compared for antibacterial effectiveness using finger‐print contact sampling on blood agar in duplicate series with 18 students as test persons. Bacterial samples were obtained before and after handwashing (with unmedicated liquid soap) as well as after hand disinfection. Hibiscrub was tested without prewashing. The antiseptics were rubbed into the skin and the hands left uncontaminated for 2 min before sampling. Due to results showing unexpectedly low antibac‐terial effectiveness of 70% (v/v) ethanol, a series of supplementary experiments with ethanol (70% (v/v) and 80% (v/v)) and isopropanol (60% (v/v)) were performed with 10 laboratory staff‐members. These experiments confirmed the previously demonstrated weak antibacterial effect of 70% (v/v) ethanol on the normal hand flora. Alcoholic chlorhexidine solutions and Hibiscrub were the only preparations that gave significant, mean reductions (97.9‐99.9% and 80.3‐93.4%, respectively) in the number of colony forming units. According to the present study, these are the only test preparations that can be recommended for presurgical hand disinfection, and when hand disinfection is needed in general dental practice.