bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phosphopeptides in the Fmoc Mode
Authors: Attard Troy J. , O'Brien‐Simpson Neil , Reynolds Eric C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ownership concentration, separation of voting rights from cash flow rights, and earnings management: an empirical study in Canada
Authors: Bozec Yves 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDrawing from models of Jones (1991) and Kothari, Leone, and Wasley (2005), this study examines the relationship between Canadian corporate ownership structure and earnings management from 1995 to 1999. There is evidence of a nonmonotonic relationship. The concentration of voting and cash flow rights with the ultimate owner first increases earnings management, but as the level of ownership concentration increases, earnings management decreases. There is also a positive correlation between earnings management and voting and cash flow rights divergence. This is particularly evident when the gap between voting and cash flow rights is high. Copyright © 2008 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concentration de l'actionnariat, séparation des droits de vote et des droits de propriété et gestion des bénéfices: Une étude empirique canadienne
Authors: Bozec Yves 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDrawing from models of Jones (1991) and Kothari, Leone, and Wasley (2005), this study examines the relationship between Canadian corporate ownership structure and earnings management from 1995 to1999. There is evidence of a nonmonotonic relationship. The concentration of voting and cash flow rights with the ultimate owner first increases earnings management, but as the level of ownership concentration increases, earnings management decreases. There is also a positive correlation between earnings management and voting and cash flow rights divergence. This is particularly evident when the gap between voting and cash flow rights is high. Copyright © 2008 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Highly Selective Fluorescent Chemosensor for Zn2+ by Terpyridyl Based on Naphthalimide Fluorophore
Authors: LI Lin‐Bo , JI Shun‐Jun , LU Wei‐Hong 
Published: March 2008

Abstract A novel highly selective fluorescent Zn2+ chemosensor bearing terpyridyl and naphthalimide was synthesized, which exhibited very obvious fluorescent response to Zn2+ and was remarkably selective to Zn2+ than other metal ions such as Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Ag+.
Interaction of DNA with Bis(diiminosuccinonitrilo)platinum(II)
Authors: ZHANG Zhi‐Gang , SUN Yuan‐Yuan , JIANG Xiao‐Ming 
Published: March 2008

AbstractInteraction of DNA with bis(diiminosuccinonitrilo)platinum(II) has been studied by UV‐visible absorbance spectra, fluorescence spectra and viscosity measurements. The UV‐visible absorption spectra of the metal complex exhibit hypochromism with a small blue shift on interaction with DNA. Scatchard plot analyses indicate that the binding sites of the metal complex on DNA are different from those of ethidium bromide. Viscosity experiments reveal that the binding of the metal complex decreases the relative viscosity of DNA. These results suggest that the platinum diimine complex interact with DNA by surface binding. These studies are helpful for us to understand the action mechanism ofbis(diiminosuccinonitrilo)platinum(II) as a potential photodynamic therapeutic agent, and further to develop it.
DFT Studies of the Molecular Structures and Conformational Processes of 1,2‐, 1,3‐ and 1,4‐Dithiepane
Authors: HAGHDADI Mina , HAMZEHLUIYAN Mahshid 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this study density functional theory (DFT) calculations at B3LYP/6‐31G(d), B3LYP/6‐31+G(d) and B3LYP/6‐311+G(2df,2p) levels for geometry optimization and total energy calculation were applied for investigation of the important energy‐minimum conformations and transition‐state of 1,2‐, 1,3‐, and 1,4‐dithiepanes. Moreover, ab initio calculations at HF/6‐31G(d) level of theory for geometry optimization and MP2/6‐311G(d)//HF/ 6‐31G(d) level for a single‐point total energy calculation were reported for different conformers. The obtained results reveal that, the twist‐chair conformer is a global minimum for all of these compounds. Also, two local minimum were found in each case, which are twisted‐chair and twisted‐boat conformers. The boat and chair geometries are transition states. The minimum energy conformation of 1,2‐dithiepane is more stable than the lowest energy forms of 1,3‐dithiepane and 1,4‐dithiepane. Furthermore, the anomeric effect was investigated for 1,3‐dithiepane by the natural bond orbital method. The computational results of this study shows that all conformers of 1,3‐dithiepane have a hypercojugation system. Finally, the 13C NMR chemical shifts for the conformers of 1,4‐dithiepane were calculated, which have good correlation with their experimental values.
Analysis of Trace Ingredients in Green Tea by Capillary Electrophoresis with Amperometric Detection
Authors: LI Ping , DONG Shu‐Qing , WANG Qing‐Jiang , FANG Yu‐Zhi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this paper, four trace ingredients (rutin, gallic acid, quercetin, chlorogenic acid) in green tea were simultaneously determined by capillary electrophoresis coupled with amperometric detection (CE‐AD). Effects of several important factors such as the pH and concentration of running buffer, separation voltage, injection time and detection potential were investigated to acquire the optimum conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the analytes could be separated within 20 min at a separation voltage of 18 kV in a 60 mmol/L borate buffer (pH 8.7). A 300 µm diameter carbon disk electrode generated good responses at 950 mV (vs. SCE) for all analytes. The relationship between the peak currents and concentrations of the analytes was linear over about three orders of magnitude with detection limits (S/N=3) ranging from 1.0×10−7 to 1.0×10−4 g·mL−1 for all the analytes. This proposed method demonstrated long‐term stability and reproducibility with relative standard deviations less than 3% for both migration time and peak current (n=7), which could be successfully used for the determination of the analytes in green tea with satisfactory assay results.
Simultaneous Determination of Levodopa and Its Metabolite in Human Blood by Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser‐induced Fluorescence Detection
Authors: ZHANG Ying‐Xue , ZHANG Zhu‐Jun , YANG Feng 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA rapid, sensitive and reproducible method is described for the analysis of levodopa and its metabolite dopamine (DA) in human blood. The influence of carbidopa as the inhibitor againist the decarboxylase activity on the metabolism has been also studied. After derivatization in a dark pulsator for 12 h at room temperature, the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) derivative of levodopa and other components were separated by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) within 13 min and detected with laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF). Under the optimum analysis conditions, the linear range is 3.0×10−8–4.0×10−6 mol/L and 1.0×10−8–2.0×10−6 mol/L for levodopa and DA, respectively. The detection limits of levodopa and DA were 7.8×10−9 mol/L (39.0 amol) and 3.1×10−9 mol/L (15.5 amol), respectively. The method was successfully applied to monitoring the levodopa and DA in human blood after one took tablets orally.
Microwave‐Induced Solvent‐free Synthesis of β ‐Keto Esters Using Montmorillonite KSF and K10 Clays as Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Solid Acids
Authors: MARVI Omid , HABIBI Davood 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMontmorillonite KSF and K10 clays catalyzed effectively the reaction of methyl diazoacetate with various aldehydes using microwave irradiation under solvent‐free conditions affording the corresponding β‐keto esters in good yields and short reaction time. The present method is an improvement for the previous known synthetic methods and has many obvious advantages compared to them including the high efficiency, generality, high yields, operational simplicity, environmental benignity, and possibility of recycling the natural solid clays.
Electromagnetic Effects on Transport Barrier Relaxations
Authors: Fuhr G. , Benkadda S. , Beyer P. , Garbet X. , Hamaguchi S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractResults of transport barrier relaxations computed with a new 3D electromagnetic simulation code (EMEDGE3D) of resistive ballooning turbulence are presented. In these simulations, a barrier forms due to an imposed E × B shear flow. We report the first self‐consistent electromagnetic simulations based on first principles which exhibit barrier relaxation cycles. This barrier relaxes intermittently on confinement time scales, even if fluctuations of the E × B flow are suppressed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of Intermittency in Plasma Edge Turbulence
Authors: Škorić M. , Rajković M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe intermittency in the edge turbulence of the magnetic confinement devices, caused by large‐scale events with high radial velocity, has been the object of several recent studies. It is well known that bursty behavior in the scrape‐off layer of magnetically confined plasmas, and the departure from random diffusion models is caused by intermittent large‐scale plasma structures radially convected at high speed. Recently performed statistical analysis of plasma density fluctuations have demonstrated universal features of intermittent phenomena in plasma turbulence in the sense that they originate and have the same properties in many devices with distinct configurations. We extend the universal features of turbulence to Laplace distributions of derivatives of plasma density flucutations and show the properties of distributions for various confinement regimes. We further demonstrate that universal features are not complete by performing multifractal analysis which reveals unique features for each device and for each confinement regime. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Extended Self‐Similarity in Edge Plasma Turbulence of Fusion Devices
Authors: Budaev V. P. , Ohno N. , Takamura S. , Masuzaki S. , Komori A. , Morisaki T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe high‐order structure functions have been analyzed to characterize the edge plasma intermittency in fusion devices. The scaling properties of edge turbulence have shown a strong deviation from a prediction of the Kolmogorov's K41 model. The turbulent fluctuations demonstrate a multifractal statistics. The generalized scale invariance has been observed by involving the Extended Self‐Similarity hypothesis. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Geometrical Effects in Plasma Stability and Dynamics of Coherent Structures in the Divertor
Authors: Ryutov D. D. , Cohen R. H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe effects of the strong X‐point magnetic shear, of the orientation of the divertor legs with respect to the major axis, and of the tilt of the divertor plates with respect to the poloidal field on plasma dynamics in the divertor region have been studied. The linear stability analysis of flute and resistive ballooning modes is presented for the X‐point geometry, with emphasis on the private flux region. The dynamics of isolated plasma filaments (“blobs”) passing near the X point is described. In both cases the correct accounting for the geometry turns out to be critically important. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Formation and propagation of Turbulent Structures in Drift‐Wave Turbulence
Authors: Windisch T. , Grulke O. , Schneider R. , Kervalishvili G. N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNumerical simulation results of weakly‐developed drift‐wave turbulence using the gyro‐fluid code GEM3 [B. D. Scott, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion, 45, A385 (2003)] is analyzed. The formation of turbulent structures in the maximum density gradient region is observed, which is causally connected with the primary drift‐wave instability. Turbulent structures peel‐off quasi‐coherent drift modes and propagate radially outwards into the plasma edge where they appear as intermittent density bursts. It is demonstrated that the radial propagation of the turbulent structures is due to convection in the self‐consistent potential perturbation. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation of Parallel SOL Flows with UEDGE
Authors: Pigarov A. Yu. , Krasheninnikov S. I. , LaBombard B. , Rognlien T. D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNear‐sonic parallel plasma flows in the tokamak scrape‐off layer (SOL) are modeled with two‐dimensional multi‐fluid edge plasma transport code UEDGE. As shown, the dominant mechanism driving such flows is fast non‐diffusive intermittent cross‐field transport (due to blobs) which has strong ballooning‐like poloidal asymmetry. The properties of asymmetric‐transport‐driven flows, recycling, and divertor detachment are studied. The conditions for zonal and circular flow patterns in the SOL are analyzed. The impact of plasma drifts on non‐diffusive transport driven flows is modeled and discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transport Modeling of Edge Plasma in an m/n=1/1 Magnetic Island
Authors: Kanno R. , Nunami M. , Satake S. , Takamaru H. , Okamoto M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRecent Large Helical Device experiments show that the transport modeling based only on the fluid description is not sufficient for expressing transport phenomena in/around an m/n = 1/1 magnetic island formed at the edge, and that neoclassical effect should be considered in order to understand the edge transport phenomena, where m is the poloidal mode number and n the toroidal mode number. To study the edge transport phenomena, we develop a new transport simulation code, KEATS, treating the neoclassical theory in/around the island. The code is programmed by expanding a well‐known Monte‐Carlo particle simulation scheme based on the δf method for taking account of the neoclassical effect. In the modeling used in the KEATS code, evolution of the local Maxwellian background fM described by fluid equations is considered self‐consistently with the kinetic part δf. In this paper, we present the modeling used in the KEATS code, and show the simulation results in a test calculation. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anomalous Scaling of Impurity Transport in Drift Wave Turbulence
Authors: Futatani S. , Bankadda S. , Nakamura Y. , Kondo K. , Hamaguchi S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe statistical properties of impurity transport in the edge tokamak plasma modeled by the Hasegawa‐Wakatani system are investigated using the structure function analysis. The impurities are considered as a passive scalar advected by the plasma flow. The use of extended self‐similarity (ESS) enables us to show that in the quasiadiabatic regime, the impurity density and the vorticity of the electric drift velocity exhibit similar multifractal scaling. However, potential fluctuations are self‐similar and exhibit a monofractal scaling in agreement with Kolmogorov‐Kraichnan theory for two‐dimensional turbulence. Long‐range spatial correlations have also been studied using Hurst exponent. The latter has been calculated by structure function method. The values of Hurst exponents for impurity and vorticity show that spatial anti‐persistency dominates these quantities. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of a Grid‐Free Kinetic Model to the Collisionless Sheath
Authors: Matyash K. , Schneider R. , Sydora R. , Taccogna F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this work we present a grid‐free hierarchical treecode, developed for simulation of bounded plasmas. The code follows both electrons and ions dynamics, resolving 1 spatial and 3 velocity coordinates. The code was applied for the simulation of a magnetized collisionless plasma in front of a material wall. The results obtained are in very good agreement with those of Particle‐in‐Cell simulation. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gyrokinetic Approach to the Analysis of Incident Angle Distribution of Ions in a Magnetized Sheath
Authors: Kawamura G. , Fukuyama A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe distribution of incident angle of ions to the wall surface in a magnetized plasma is studied by using a gyrokinetic model equation and a full‐kinetic particle‐in‐cell simulation code. The model equation is based on the gyrokinetic energy conservation of a plasma with a strong electric field. The dependence of the angular distribution on the magnetic field angle derived from the model equation and the result of particle simulation agree well when the ion thermal Larmor radius is comparable or less than the Debye length. The energy‐fluxweighted averages of the incident angles for various magnetic field strength are studied by using the particle simulation. Reduction of the average angle is observed for weaker magnetic field. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Neutral Transport Analysis in a Non‐Axisymmetric Plasma Confining System Based on a Monte‐Carlo Simulation
Authors: Nakashima Y. , Higashizono Y. , Kobayashi S. , Yabutani H. , Shoji M. , Mizuuchi T. , Nagasaki K. , Okada H. , Sano F. , Kondo K. , Kawano H. , Cho T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTransport of neutral particles in a non‐axisymmetric plasma device is described based on a Monte‐Carlo simulation and of Dα line‐emission measurements. DEGAS three‐dimensional (3‐D) Monte‐Carlo code for neutral transport simulation has been applied to a helical‐axis heliotron device, Heliotron J. In a whole area of Heliotron J vacuum vessel, a detailed 3‐D mesh structure for the simulation was constructed especially for the precise investigation of particle transport in the toroidal direction. In this mesh model, a carbon target is also modeled in the simulation space, and the simulation has been carried out for the target insertion experiments in Heliotron J. Simulation results were compared with the results obtained from two‐dimensional image captured with a CCD camera viewing the top surface of the carbon target. The compared results indicated that the particle source caused by the carbon target is thought to be much more localized than expected one from the Dα image around the target. Particle transport to the toroidal direction was also discussed based on the 3‐D simulation. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of the Detachment under the Influence of the Supersonic Flow in the Divertor Region
Authors: Marchuk O. , Tokar M. Z. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIt is demonstrated in the framework of a one‐dimensional model for the scrape‐off layer that with increasing upstream plasma density and decreasing temperature near divertor target plates a supersonic flow develops in the front of the target. This flow is an important mechanism for the transition from high‐recycling regime to a weak detached state and has a significant impact on the plasma parameters, in particular, the pressure and particle flux to the plates, after detachment. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of SOL Decay Length on Modeling of Divertor Detachment by Using Simple Core‐SOL‐Divertor Model
Authors: Hiwatari R. , Hatayama A. , Takizuka T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTaken impurity radiation and momentum loss in the divertor region into consideration, the applicability of Core‐SOL‐Divertor(CSD) model to the divertor detachment is investigated. Three solutions for the low recycling state, the high recycling state and the detached state can be obtained from the CSD model. The dependence of the ratio of the decay length for the density (Δn ) and temperature (ΔT ) in the SOL region is also examined, and it is found that Δn /ΔT ∼ T0.5s scaled by the SOL temperature (Ts), which is based on the experimental data, has a good potential to reproduce B2‐EIRENE results. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimization of Closed Divertor Configuration for Effective Particle Control in LHD Plasmas
Authors: Shoji M. , Kobayashi M. , Masuzaki S. , Watanabe T. , Iwamae A. , Yamada H. , Komori A. , LHD Experimental Groups  
Published: March 2008

AbstractNeutral particles in the LHD plasma periphery are investigated by three‐dimensional neutral particle transport simulation. The simulation predicts significant change of the density profile of neutral particles depending on magnetic configurations (radial position of the magnetic axis Rax ). The polarization resolved Hα spectra and the Hα intensity profile measured in the three different magnetic configurations are consistent with calculations by the simulation. It shows that the density of neutral hydrogen molecules in the inboard side of torus is relatively high in magnetic configurations (3.50m < Rax < 3.75m), which also indicates that enhancement of the neutral density by more than one order of magnitude is necessary for effective particle control in LHD plasmas. The simulation strongly suggests that installation of closed divertor components in the inboard side is reasonable. The simulation coupled with a one‐dimensional plasma fluid analysis on divertor legs proposes an optimized closed divertor configuration which can enhance the neural density in the inboard side of the torus. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Implementation of a Toroidal Limiter Model into the Gyrokinetic Code ELMFIRE
Authors: Leerink S. , Heikkinen J. A. , Janhunen S. J. , Kiviniemi T. P. , Nora M. , Ogando F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe ELMFIRE full f nonlinear gyrokinetic simulation code has been developed for calculations of plasma evolution and dynamics of turbulence in tokamak geometry. The code is applicable for calculations of strong perturbations in particle distribution function, rapid transients and steep gradients in plasma. Benchmarking against experimental reflectometry data from the FT2 tokamak [1,2,3] is being discussed and in this paper a model for comparison and studying poloidal velocity is presented. To make the ELMFIRE code suitable for scrape of layer simulations a simplified toroidal limiter model has been implemented. The model will be discussed and first results are presented. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reduced Models of Impurity Seeded Edge Plasmas
Authors: Morozov D. Kh. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe reduced descriptions of the distribution of impurities over ionization states, radiation losses and plasma dynamics are reviewed. Two and three most important ion approximation for light impurities and continuous descriptions of heavy impurities are discussed. Reduced descriptions of atomic processes like ionization, photo‐ and dielectronic recombination rates as well as of radiation abilities are proposed. As it shown, thermal forces, final relaxation times of impurity distributions over ionization states, charge‐exchange and opacity effects must be taken into account in reduced models, especially for ITER problems. Linear and nonlinear stages of the radiation‐condensation mode as well as some aspects of disruptions and noble gas injection into tokamak plasmas are analyzed with the reduced models. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)