bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External quality assessment of platelet serology and human platelet antigen genotyping: a 10‐year review
Authors: Porcelijn Leendert , Van Beers Wil , Gratama Jan W. , Van't Veer Mars , De Smet Annie , Sintnicolaas Kees 
Published: May 2008

BACKGROUND: In this review, the results of an external quality assessment (EQA) over 10 years of platelet (PLT) serology and of human platelet antigen (HPA) polymorphisms genotyping are shown. The detection and identification of PLT antibodies and the distinction between PLT‐specific antibodies and HLA Class I antibodies are evaluated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Each year, serum samples from five patients and four donor blood samples for DNA typing were distributed. Laboratories could participate as a screening laboratory (SL; n = 7) or as an identification laboratory (IL; n = 8).RESULTS: SLs scored 57 to 100 percent correct positive and 91 to 100 percent correct negative results in the detection of PLT‐specific antibodies. SLs only using a PLT immunofluorescence test (PIFT) scored less well than those using a PLT glycoprotein‐based antibody detection method. ILs scored 70 to 100 percent correct positive and 87 to 100 percent correct negative results for, respectively, the detection and identification of PLT‐specific antibodies. Both the specificity and the sensitivity for the detection and identification of PLT‐specific antibodies were not as good in ILs using solid‐phase enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay methods as in those using the monoclonal antibody immobilization of PLT antigens (MAIPA) assay. For HPA‐1, ‐2, ‐3, and ‐5 genotyping, incorrect results were observed only twice in 280 genotyping assays.CONCLUSION: The data underscore the necessity of using the most accurate methods with a high level of knowledge, experience, and technical training. For screening purposes, it is not sufficient to use only the PIFT, whereas for identification of PLT‐specific antibodies, the MAIPA assay is the superior assay.
Effect of alfalfa saponins and flavonoids on pea aphid
Authors: Goławska Sylwia , Łukasik Iwona , Leszczyński Bogumił 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe studied the development and feeding behaviour of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), on the Radius and Sapko alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (Fabaceae) cultivars. Three saponins and flavones were identified in the alfalfa cultivars after thin layer chromatography separation. Cultivar Radius differed from Sapko in that it had a higher level of saponins, including zanhic acid tridesmoside and 3‐GlcA,28‐AraRhaXyl medicagenic acid glycoside. The flavones identified, including 7‐O‐β‐D‐glucuronopyranosyl‐4′‐O‐[2′‐O‐E‐feruloyl‐O‐β‐D‐glucuronopyranosyl(1→2)‐O‐β‐D‐glucuronopyranoside] apigenin, 7‐O‐{2‐O‐E‐feruloyl‐[β‐D‐glucuronopyranosyl(1→3)]‐O‐β‐D‐glucuronopyranosyl(1→2)‐O‐β‐D‐glucuronopyranoside} apigenin, and 4′‐O‐[2′‐O‐E‐feruloyl‐O‐β‐D‐glucuronopyranosyl(1→2)‐O‐β‐D‐glucuronopyranoside] apigenin, occurred in tissues of both alfalfa cultivars. However, cv. Radius had very low mean flavonoid concentrations in comparison to cv. Sapko. Pea aphids that fed on cv. Radius plants showed a reduction in reproduction and survival. The aphid pre‐reproductive period on cv. Radius was prolonged and the reproductive and post‐reproductive periods on cv. Radius were reduced, compared to those on cv. Sapko. Cultivar Radius also negatively influenced aphid probing behaviour. This was especially the case during the initial period of the pathway phase. The results suggested that alfalfa cv. Radius, which had a higher level of saponins and a lower level of flavonoids, was less accepted by the pea aphid.
Solid phase testing in the HLA laboratory: implications for organ allocation
Authors: Eckels D. D. 
Published: May 2008

PrefaceThis piece was originally requested as a white paper from the Scientific and Clinical Affairs Committee of the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (ASHI), of which the author was then Chairman. Upon review by the ASHI Board of Directors and the Editors of their journal, it was considered too controversial for publication. It is intended to be provocative and controversial; it is not intended as a review of the literature. Though written with a decided ‘American point of view’, it is of importance that the issues facing US transplantation and laboratory testing efforts are shared to varying degrees by the international community, and who, unlike some of their American cousins, may be able to tolerate a spirited discussion. Sadly, we sometimes forget that dissent from dogma can be fun!
Older immigrants’ experiences of their life situation in the context of receiving public care in Sweden
Authors: Hovde Boel , Hallberg Ingalill R. , Edberg Anna‐Karin 
Published: May 2008

Objectives.  The aim of this study was to illuminate older immigrants’ experience of their life situation in the context of receiving public care in Sweden.Background.  To meet the varying needs from the growing number of older immigrants, more knowledge about the experience of their life situation, health, illness and family ties is needed, especially in the context of receiving public health care and service.Methods.  Data were collected through interviews with sixteen immigrants aged 65 years and older, originally from nine different countries, living in Southern Sweden and receiving continuous care and service. The texts were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results.  The overall impression from the texts was that the informants expressed a debt of gratitude to Swedish society. Their experience could be understood as – being burdened with health complaints; experiencing painful losses; wanting to manage by oneself and feeling exposed and deserted.Conclusions.  The results show that older immigrants are vulnerable when receiving public care. This was related to previous life events, cultural differences as well as communication difficulties. When planning for and providing care for older immigrants, it is important to be aware of their exposed situation and to acknowledge their life history and family context.
Sociosexual Orientation and Sexual Behavior in Mexican Adults
Authors: Díaz‐Loving Rolando , Rodríguez Georgina García 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSociosexual orientation includes individual differences in sexual attitudes and behaviors, in relation to the extent in which an individual could be sexually active without affective bonds and commitment. Sociosexuality is related to sexual behavior and can speak to the differences between men and women in how they express their sexuality (Simpson & Gangestad, 1991; Hebl & Casi, 1995; Ostovich & Sabini, 2004). This study explores sociosexual orientation and sexual behavior in Mexican adults, in order to identify differences in sociosexual orientation related to biological sex and relationship status. It also assesses the relationship between sociosexual orientation and sexual behavior and to predict sexual behavior from sociosexual orientation. The sample was composed of 209 Mexican adults between 19 and 61 years of age. Thirty‐seven percent were male, and 63% were female. Participants answered a standardized Spanish version of the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (Simpson & Gangestad, 1991) and a Sexual Behavior Inventory developed for the present project (García Rodríguez, 2007). In general, there is great variability in the frequency of each of the sexual behaviors assessed and in the total number of sexual partners. Moreover, participants perceive themselves restricted in their sexual attitudes and behaviors. Men are more permissive and less restricted in attitudes and behaviors than women, and individuals who are dating informally have a higher behavioral sociosexual orientation than those who are living with their partner. Additionally, the higher sociosexuality, the more frequent sexual practices are and the higher the number of sexual partners. Finally, sociosexuality predicts the frequency of sexual practices and the number of lifetime sexual partners.
Self‐Handicapping: On the Self‐Perpetuating Nature of Defensive Behavior
Authors: Rhodewalt Frederick 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe term self‐handicapping was introduced by Jones and Berglas (1978) to refer to the creation of barriers to successful performance for the purpose of controlling attributions about the self. In the event of failure, attributions to lack of ability are diminished or discounted because of the handicap and, in the event of success, attributions to ability are enhanced or augmented because of the handicap. This article reviews over 25 years of research on self‐handicapping. A process model is presented in which individual differences in goals and concerns dynamically interact with situational threats to elicit self‐handicapping behavior which produces consequences that perpetuate the use of the behavior in future situations.
Whirling-Beam Self-Tuning Vibration Absorber
Authors: Ivers Douglas , Wilson Robert , Margolis Donald 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
A classic tuned vibration absorber (TVA) is a device that, when attached to a structure, will greatly reduce the motion of the attachment at a specific excitation frequency. When a fixed frequency input is present, a TVA can be manufactured for the specific frequency input. When the input frequency changes during the course of operation, then an active adaptive TVA can be used where sensors, signal conditioning, and power are provided so that the tuned frequency can be varied over some range. A self-tuning vibration absorber (STVA) is a device that uses energy from the vibrating structure to produce some physical motion that changes the tuned frequency of the device. Through proper design, the tuned frequency will change in the appropriate direction and then stop changing when the tuned frequency matches the input frequency. This paper addresses the physics of one realization of a STVA and shows both analytical and experimental results.
A Linguistic Analysis of Discourse on the Killing of Nonhuman Animals
Authors: Jepson Jill 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHuman attitudes about killing nonhuman animals are complex, ambivalent, and contradictory. This study attempts to elucidate those attitudes through a linguistic analysis of the terms used to refer to the killing of animals. Whereas terms used for killing human beings are highly specific and differentiated on the basis of the motivation for the killing, the nature of the participants, and evaluative and emotional content, terms used for killing animals are vague and interchangeable. Terms for animal-killing often background aspects of the act, making it more palatable to humans. When a term is extended from use with humans to use with animals, it lends a connotation of compassion and mercy to the killing. When a term is extended from use with animals to use with humans, it gives the killing a connotation of brutality. These findings reflect assumptions about the human "right" to take animals' lives while serving to ameliorate the negative feelings such killings evoke.
The Theory of materia prima in Marsilio Ficino's Platonic Theology
Authors: Snyder James 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper is an examination of the theory of materia prima of the fifteenth century Platonist Marsilio Ficino. It limits its discussion of Ficino's theory to the ontological and epistemic status of prime matter in his Platonic Theology. Ficino holds a "robust" theory of prime matter that makes two fundamental assertions: First, prime matter exists independent of form, and second, it is, at least in principle, intelligible. Ficino's theory of prime matter is framed in this paper with a discussion of the divergence among Scholastic philosophers over the nature of prime matter.
Paschal Politics: Deploying the Temple's Destruction against Fourth-Century Judaizers
Authors: Shepardson Christine 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe fourth-century Syriac writings of Aphrahat and Ephrem, and Greek homilies by the Syrian John Chrysostom, warn Christian congregants against joining Jewish festival celebrations such as Passover. In light of the respected age of Judaism's scriptures and traditions, not all of these authors' church attendees were easily convinced by supersessionist claims about Judaism's invalidity. These authors surpass earlier Christian claims that the Temple's destruction revealed God's rejection of the Jews, by arguing that Jewish scripture requires ritual sacrifices that were confined to the Jerusalem Temple. us without the Temple sacrifices, fourth-century Jewish festivals, these authors claimed, defied God's biblical commands, a declaration with sharp implications for Judaizing Christians. Demonstrating the nuances of this argument, which crossed eastern linguistic and political boundaries, contributes to complex discussions regarding these texts' audiences, highlights distinctive elements that their contexts shared, and reveals an unrecognized role that the Temple's destruction played in fourth-century anti-Judaizing discourse.
Do Altimeter Wavenumber Spectra Agree with the Interior or Surface Quasigeostrophic Theory?
Authors: Le Traon P. Y. , Klein P. , Hua Bach Lien , Dibarboure G. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
In high-eddy-energy regions, it is generally assumed that sea level wavenumber spectra compare well with quasigeostrophic (QG) turbulence models and that spectral slopes are close to the expected k−5 law. This issue is revisited here. Sea level wavenumber spectra in the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio, and Agulhas regions are estimated using the most recent altimeter datasets [the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon, Jason-1, the Environmental Satellite (Envisat), and the Geosat Follow-On]. The authors show that spectral slopes in the mesoscale band are significantly different from a k−5 law, in disagreement with the QG turbulence theory. However, they very closely follow a k−11/3 slope, which indicates that the surface quasigeostrophic theory (SQG) is a much better dynamical framework than the QG turbulence theory to describe the ocean surface dynamics. Because of the specific properties of the SQG theory, these results offer new perspectives for the analysis and interpretation of satellite data.
How Does Labrador Sea Water Enter the Deep Western Boundary Current?
Authors: Palter Jaime B. , Lozier M. Susan , Lavender Kara L. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Labrador Sea Water (LSW), a dense water mass formed by convection in the subpolar North Atlantic, is an important constituent of the meridional overturning circulation. Understanding how the water mass enters the deep western boundary current (DWBC), one of the primary pathways by which it exits the subpolar gyre, can shed light on the continuity between climate conditions in the formation region and their downstream signal. Using the trajectories of (profiling) autonomous Lagrangian circulation explorer [(P)ALACE] floats, operating between 1996 and 2002, three processes are evaluated for their role in the entry of Labrador Sea Water in the DWBC: 1) LSW is formed directly in the DWBC, 2) eddies flux LSW laterally from the interior Labrador Sea to the DWBC, and 3) a horizontally divergent mean flow advects LSW from the interior to the DWBC. A comparison of the heat flux associated with each of these three mechanisms suggests that all three contribute to the transformation of the boundary current as it transits the Labrador Sea. The formation of LSW directly in the DWBC and the eddy heat flux between the interior Labrador Sea and the DWBC may play leading roles in setting the interannual variability of the exported water mass.
Variability of Intraseasonal Kelvin Waves in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean
Authors: Shinoda Toshiaki , Roundy Paul E. , Kiladis George N. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Previous observational work has demonstrated that the phase speed of oceanic equatorial Kelvin waves forced by the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) appears to vary substantially. Processes that are responsible for systematic changes in the phase speed of these waves are examined using an ocean general circulation model. The model was integrated for 26 yr with daily wind stress derived from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis. The model is able to reproduce observed systematic changes of Kelvin wave phase speed reasonably well, providing a tool for the analysis of their dynamics.
The relative importance of the upper ocean background state and atmospheric forcing for phase speed changes is determined based on a series of model experiments with various surface forcings. Systematic changes in phase speed are evident in all model experiments that have different slowly varying basic states, showing that variations of the upper ocean background state are not the primary cause of the changes. The model experiments that include and exclude intraseasonal components of wind stress in the eastern Pacific demonstrate that wind stress changes to the east of the date line can significantly alter the speed of Kelvin waves initially generated over the western Pacific, which often results in a phase propagation faster than the free wave speed. These faster waves contribute to the systematic changes of phase speed evident in observations. Similar results are also obtained using a linear stratified model, eliminating nonlinearity as a possible cause of the phase speed changes.
An Observational Estimate of Inferred Ocean Energy Divergence
Authors: Trenberth Kevin E. , Fasullo John T. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Monthly net surface energy fluxes (FS) over the oceans are computed as residuals of the atmospheric energy budget using top-of-atmosphere (TOA) net radiation (RT) and the complete atmospheric energy (AE) budget tendency (δAE/δt) and divergence (∇ · FA). The focus is on TOA radiation from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) (February 1985–April 1989) and the Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) (March 2000–May 2004) satellite observations combined with results from two atmospheric reanalyses and three ocean datasets that enable a comprehensive estimate of uncertainties. Surface energy flux departures from the annual mean and the implied annual cycle in “equivalent ocean energy content” are compared with the directly observed ocean energy content (OE) and tendency (δOE/δt) to reveal the inferred annual cycle of divergence (∇ · FO). In the extratropics, the surface flux dominates the ocean energy tendency, although it is supplemented by ocean Ekman transports that enhance the annual cycle in ocean heat content. In contrast, in the tropics, ocean dynamics dominate OE variations throughout the year in association with the annual cycle in surface wind stress and the North Equatorial Current. An analysis of the regional characteristics of the first joint empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of FS, δOE/δt, and ∇ · FO is presented, and the largest sources of uncertainty are attributed to variations in OE. The mean and annual cycle of zonal mean global ocean meridional heat transports are estimated. The annual cycle reveals the strongest poleward heat transports in each hemisphere in the cold season, from November to April in the north and from May to October in the south, with a substantial across-equatorial transport, exceeding 4 PW in some months. Annual mean results do not differ greatly from some earlier estimates, but the sources of uncertainty are exposed. Comparison of annual means with direct ocean observations gives reasonable agreement, except in the North Atlantic, where transports from the ocean transects are slightly greater than the estimates presented here.
Improving Estimates of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Streamlines in Drake Passage
Authors: Lenn Yueng-Djern , Chereskin Teresa K. , Sprintall Janet 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Accurately resolving the mean Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is essential for determining Southern Ocean eddy fluxes that are important to the global meridional overturning circulation. Previous estimates of the mean ACC have been limited by the paucity of Southern Ocean observations. A new estimate of the mean surface ACC in Drake Passage is presented that combines sea surface height anomalies measured by satellite altimetry with a recent dataset of repeat high-resolution acoustic Doppler current profiler observations. A mean streamfunction (surface height field), objectively mapped from the mean currents, is used to validate two recent dynamic height climatologies. The new streamfunction has narrower and stronger ACC fronts separated by quiescent zones of much weaker flow, thereby improving on the resolution of ACC fronts observed in the other climatologies. Distinct streamlines can be associated with particular ACC fronts and tracked in time-dependent maps of dynamic height. This analysis shows that varying degrees of topographic control are evident in the preferred paths of the ACC fronts through Drake Passage.
Dynamics of Intraseasonal Sea Level and Thermocline Variability in the Equatorial Atlantic during 2002–03
Authors: Han Weiqing , Webster Peter J. , Lin Jia-Lin , Liu W. T. , Fu Rong , Yuan Dongliang , Hu Aixue 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Satellite and in situ observations in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean during 2002–03 show dominant spectral peaks at 40–60 days and secondary peaks at 10–40 days in sea level and thermocline within the intraseasonal period band (10–80 days). A detailed investigation of the dynamics of the intraseasonal variations is carried out using an ocean general circulation model, namely, the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Two parallel experiments are performed in the tropical Atlantic Ocean basin for the period 2000–03: one is forced by daily scatterometer winds from the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite together with other forcing fields, and the other is forced by the low-passed 80-day version of the above fields. To help in understanding the role played by the wind-driven equatorial waves, a linear continuously stratified ocean model is also used.
Within 3°S–3°N of the equatorial region, the strong 40–60-day sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) and thermocline variability result mainly from the first and second baroclinic modes equatorial Kelvin waves that are forced by intraseasonal zonal winds, with the second baroclinic mode playing a more important role. Sharp 40–50-day peaks of zonal and meridional winds appear in both the QuikSCAT and Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) data for the period 2002–03, and they are especially strong in 2002. Zonal wind anomaly in the central-western equatorial basin for the period 2000–06 is significantly correlated with SSHA across the equatorial basin, with simultaneous/lag correlation ranging from −0.62 to 0.74 above 95% significance. Away from the equator (3°–5°N), however, sea level and thermocline variations in the 40–60-day band are caused largely by tropical instability waves (TIWs).
On 10–40-day time scales and west of 10°W, the spectral power of sea level and thermocline appears to be dominated by TIWs within 5°S–5°N of the equatorial region. The wind-driven circulation, however, also provides a significant contribution. Interestingly, east of 10°W, SSHA and thermocline variations at 10–40-day periods result almost entirely from wind-driven equatorial waves. During the boreal spring of 2002 when TIWs are weak, Kelvin waves dominate the SSHA across the equatorial basin (2°S–2°N). The observed quasi-biweekly Yanai waves are excited mainly by the quasi-biweekly meridional winds, and they contribute significantly to the SSHA and thermocline variations in 1°–5°N and 1°–5°S regions.