bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goodpasture's syndrome in childhood: Treatment with plasmapheresis and immunosuppression
Authors: McCarthy Leo J. , Cotton Jenny , Danielson Constance , Graves Vicki , Bergstein Jerry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGoodpasture's syndrome rarely affects children. Therefore, we present our experience in a young boy whose pulmonary hemorrhage was dramatically resolved by three plasma exchanges. We believe the hemorrhage was caused primarily by acute capillaritis. He received cytoxan and steroids and a series of plasma exchanges which removed/suppressed his anti‐glomerular basement membrane (anti‐GBM) antibody production. However, after a year, his renal function did not return, and he required renal transplantation and continues to do well.
Decrease of thyroid hormones in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia during dextran sulphate low‐density lipoprotein apheresis
Authors: Pintus S. , Pintus P. , Piras C. , Loviselli A. , Muntoni S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRemoval of low‐density lipoproteins from plasma by dextran sulfate adsorption (DSA) in FH patients entails a decrease in plasma levels of thyroid hormones (−28.5% and −18.7%, respectively, for T3 and T4). This suggests that FH patients have a greater than normal fraction of thyroid hormones bound to lipoproteins, due to their expanded lipoprotein pool.
Integration of concurrent collection of plasma into a plateletpheresis program
Authors: Burger Scott R. , Thomas Betsy T. , Grishaber Judy E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have reviewed our initial experience with a program of concurrent collection of plasma (CCP) during plateletpheresis, which was instituted to increase the number of units of fresh frozen plasma produced by our hospital‐based donor service. Sixty percent of eligible donors (1,006 of 1,682) participated in CCP, and 21 donors subsequently dropped out of the program. Of these, only one of four first‐time donors have returned, whereas the majority of established plateletpheresis donors (16 of 17) have continued to donate platelets. Additional plasma was collected at a minimum of 8‐week intervals on the Fenwal CS‐3OOO Plus or COBE Spectra without a change in the requirements for donor testing or the collection procedure. The quality of these platelet products was compared to that of those donated without CCP. There was a small decrease in platelet yield for products with CCP on the CS‐3OOO Plus (mean yield 4.5 × 1011 with CCP versus 4.9 × 1011 without CCP, P < .01). No negative effects were seen on the percentage of products with a minimum yield of 3 × 1011 platelets or on leukocyte contamination. In addition, there was no difference in the rate of adverse donor reactions. During a 12‐month interval, CCP provided 34% (3,798 of 11,266 units) of all fresh frozen plasma for our hospital without additional staff or equipment. The results of this retrospective study suggest that CCP merits further evaluation.
Cellular gene therapy: An overview
Authors: Klein Harvey G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecombinant DNA technology has provided the tools for gene‐based cellular therapies. The increasing ability to characterize disease in molecular terms affords the scientific rationale for gene therapy, while advances in cell biology, cytokine physiology, and gene delivery have made somatic cell gene therapy feasible. In 1990, the first successful human gene therapy was performed to correct severe combined immunodeficiency resulting from an inherited disorder, adenosine deaminase deficiency. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were used to deliver a gene product as temporary therapy. Today more than a dozen clinical protocols, using a variety of cell types and gene vectors, are in different stages of development. Some promise to be curative. Potential target illnesses include a variety of inherited genetic diseases, as well as such acquired disorders as cancer and AIDS. Although basic problems relating to gene transfer efficiency and expression, assay systems, and quality assurance remain, the technology to collect large numbers of cells, to purify cell subsets, to gene‐modify these cells, and to expand them for human infusion suggest practical new strategies for cellular gene therapy.
Rapid red cell transfusion by Apheresis
Authors: McLeod Bruce C. , Reed Susan , Viernes Ann , Valentino Leonard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPacked red cells (RBC) are customarily infused slowly to allow time for re‐equilibration of intravascular volume, but they may be given rapidly for convenience during hemodialysis or partial RBC exchange when blood volume can be adjusted extracorporeally. We describe an apheresis procedure for rapid transfusion of RBC to patients with chronic anemia in which an equivalent volume of recipient plasma is withdrawn as donor RBC are infused. Fifteen such procedures, transfusing 3 to 5 RBC units each, have been performed on nine patients (4 of them outpatients) with either COBE Spectra or COBE 2997. Mean ± SD procedure duration was 1.79 ± .44 hr; patient hemoglobin rose from 7.3 ± 1.5 to 12.± 1.5 g/dl. Comparison to conventional transfusion was possible for nine procedures on six patients in which rapid transfusion required .52 ± .12 vs. 2.70 ± .37 hr per unit (P < .001) and raised hemoglobin by 1.22 ± .30 vs. 88 ± .34 g/dl per unit (P < .02). Pink plasma noted during one procedure was attributable to infusion of an older AS‐1 unit with extensive storage hemolysis. Rapid transfusion was subjectively well tolerated. Immediate post‐procedure systolic blood pressures did not differ significantly from baseline, although one hypertensive patient had headache followed by increased blood pressure 4 hours after a procedure. We conclude that rapid transfusion of RBC is a technically feasible and more time efficient means for RBC transfusion. It is particularly attractive in the outpatient setting, and could also prevent fluid overload associated with RBC transfusion in some volume‐sensitive patients.
Efficacy of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Nademanee Auayporn 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the advancement in apheresis technique and collection, the role of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation has emerged. PBSC are now being utilized either alone to reconstitute hematopoiesis following high‐dose myeloablative therapy, or in combination with autologous bone marrow transplantation to enhance hematopoietic recovery, or as supportive therapy to allow dose‐intensity of conventional chemotherapy. The role and efficacy of PBSC transplantation will be reviewed in the article.
Improved red cell quality after erythroplasmapheresis with MCS‐3P
Authors: Matthes G. , Tofote U. , Krause K.‐P. , Pawlow I. , Kucera W. , Lerche D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cell separator MCS‐3P is an apheresis system offering the flexibility to collect standardized red blood cells, plasma, and/or platelets from one donor. Two different programs were used for the red cell apheresis'RBCP (collection of one unit of red cells and two units of plasma) and RBCPS (one unit of red cells and one unit of plasma). The quality of the red cell concentrates (RCC resuspended in SAG‐Mannitol) during the storage time of 42 days was measured by biochemical (ATP, 2,3‐DPG, pH, free Hb, free potassium, glucose, lactose, p50, hemoglobin derivatives) and Theological (morphological index, filtration/rigidity index) parameters. The donation time with 53 donors was 20 min for 355 ml RCC‐SAGM and 440 ml plasma and 7 min for 335 ml RCC‐SAGM and 239 ml plasma. The donor tolerance was analogous to plateletpheresis or plasmapheresis. Twenty units of the RCC‐SAGM were in‐line filtered within 6 or 24 hours after donation. The results obtained for red blood cell storage are at least as good as with standard collection (free hemoglobin, free potassium, glucose, lactose, hemolysis) or better (ATP, 2,3‐DPG, p50, hemoglobin derivatives, filtration/rigidity index) owing to prevention of collection lesion. All blood preparations were sterile after storage (red cells 42 days, plasma after freezing). The erythroplasmapheresis with MCS‐3P can be especially recommended for application in an autologous blood program because the application of autologous blood donation in hospitals is often limited by the preconditions of component separation. The erythroplasmapheresis data with MCS‐3P are encouraging for the development of a new blood collection methodology.
Paired in vivo and in vitro comparison of apheresis and “recovered” platelet concentrates stored for 5 days
Authors: Turner V. S. , Hawker R. J. , Mitchell S. G. , Mead A. M. Seymour 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a paired study, in vivo and in vitro characteristics of apheresis platelets collected on a cell separator and single‐donor whole‐blood (recovered) platelets via platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) were compared after storage for 5 days in similar plastic containers. Autologous platelets from each of 12 volunteers were labeled with 111Indium after storage and reinjected. There was no significant difference in circulating recovery between platelets prepared by the two methods, and only one of five models of survival showed a significant difference. Hypotonic shock recovery was significantly better in apheresis than recovered platelets (57.0% and 32.4%, respectively), whilst aggregation to ADP at 3.2 μM and 32 μM was significantly higher in recovered than in apheresis platelets (17.0% and 45.2% versus 7.8% and 32.9%, respectively). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content was significantly higher in recovered platelets (143.3 versus 77.1 IU/1011 platelets), but LDH release was similar (15.0% cf. 12.6%). There was no significant difference between the two platelet preparations for platelet concentration, pH, aggregation with the calcium ionophore A23187 or collagen plus epinephrine, or ATP content or release. $bL‐TG release was lower in apheresis platelets. Neither product was consistently better than the other for the parameters tested, but apheresis platelets have the advantage of lower donor exposure to the patient.
Therapeutic cytapheresis: Continuous flow versus intermittent flow apheresis systems
Authors: Burgstaler Edwin A. , Pineda Alvaro A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this retrospective study, we compared two systems, continuous flow (CF) (COBE Spectra) versus intermittent flow (IF) (Haemonetics V‐50, M‐30), in performance of therapeutic plateletapheresis (TP: N = 49 each) and therapeutic leukapheresis (TL: N = 29 each). Pre‐ and post‐procedure cell reductions, specificity of removal, volumes removed, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared. Standard procedures with minor modifications, starch with IF only, and 180 minutes blood processing time were used. The CF system had a significantly lower percent reduction of platelets during TP at 43 ± 17% than IF at 53 ± 19%. However, no significant difference was found between CF and IF in percent reduction of white blood cells during TL with 49 ± 16% and 42 ± 14%, respectively. The CF system had significantly less hemoglobin reduction (5 ± 4% vs. 19 ± 9%, respectively) and white blood cell reduction (13 ± 15% vs. 27 ± 17%, respectively) for TP than IF and lower (not significant) hemoglobin reduction (9 ± 8% vs. 12.4 ± 8.2%, respectively) as well as platelet reduction (27 ± 18% vs. 35 ± 19%, respectively) for TL. CF also had significantly less volume removed than IF during TP (559 ± 97 vs. 883 ± 304, respectively) and TL (710 ± 134 vs. 1405 ± 421 ml, respectively). Incidence of reactions was lower for CF than IF during TP (8% vs. 10%, respectively) and during TL (14% vs. 21%, respectively). Using our techniques, we found both the CF and IF flow systems were capable of adequately reducing cell counts for TP and TL; however, IF was significantly better in reducing platelet counts during TP. The CF system was more specific in its cell reductions as indicated by lower hemoglobin reductions, WBC reductions (TP), platelet reductions (TL), and volume removed. Reaction incidence was also lower for the CF system.
Defective leukocyte function‐related cryoprecipitable protein in Cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Ohshima T. , Sawada K. , Malchesky P. S. , Tanaka J. , Zborowski M. , Koo A. P. , Cathcart M. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCryoprecipitable proteins (CPP), purified from plasmas removed during plasmapheresis treatment of patients with type II and type III cryoglobulinemia (CG), were evaluated in vitro for their effect on normal leukocyte function. CPP reduced normal mononuclear cell blastogenesis and polymorphonuclear cell phagocytosis responses in a dose‐dependent fashion. At the maximum concentration studied, 5,000 (μg/ml, CPP were shown to suppress normal blastogenesis and phagocytosis 30–60% and 50–80% below the albumin control, respectively. A 50% suppression of normal blastogenesis and phagocytosis was observed at 500 p.g/ml for type III CPP. Leukocyte functions in CG patients were evaluated and compared to those of healthy controls. Blastogenesis and phagocytosis were significantly inhibited in CG patients. These studies suggest that CG patients have defective leukocyte function and that CPP have suppressive effects on normal leukocyte function. Our studies suggest that removal of CPP in CG patients may prove beneficial not only in reducing typical symptoms of CG but also in reducing the potencial inhibitory effects of CPP on leukocyte function.
Interferon inhibitor factor predicting success of plasmapheresis in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Medenica Rajko D. , Mukerjee Sonjoy , Huschart Teresa , Corbitt Wendy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInterferons (IFN) are biological molecules with antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory actions. Plasmapheresis (PP) combined with IFN therapy in 24 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients was associated with a rapid increase in detectable IFN levels. We describe the presence of a detectable factor in the serum of MS patients which decreases the efficacy of IFN therapy in these patients. We call this factor “interferon inhibitor factor” (IIF). Standard IFN assay indicates inhibition of WISH cell protection by IFN owing to the presence of IIF in patient's serum. Similar results were also obtained with human fibroblast and human leukocyte IFNs. The best results were obtained with an IFN mixture; results with 1:20 diluted patient's sera showed elevation of 120% greater than 1:10 dilution. With 1:40 dilution, an elevation of 1,041% was noticed. The IIF from patient sera collected during PP was purified and characterized. Native gel electrophoresis of IIF indicates a single protein band; further analysis on SDS gels indicates two bands at the 200 and 21‐kD range. ELISA failed to reveal the presence of any anti‐IFN antibodies. This study demonstrates the presence of IIF in MS patients' sera which are removed from the circulation by PP. Removal of IIF from circulation was associated with increased IFN levels and clinical improvement as measured by Kurtzke's disability status scale (KDSS).
HELLP syndrome: Laboratory parameters and clinical course in four patients treated with plasma exchange
Authors: Julius C. J. , Dunn Z. L. , Blazina J. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report our apheresis department's experience with four patients with HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) syndrome. The average age of the patients was 23.25 years (range 19‐27). Three were in their second pregnancy while one was a primigravida. All had symptoms of pre‐eclampsia prior to delivery. All experienced the syndrome postpartum. Plasma exchange was instituted an average of 3.25 days postpartum (range 1.08‐7.33 days). All underwent plasmapheresis with fresh frozen plasma replacement. The average number of plasma exchange treatments was four (range 1‐8). The first laboratory parameter to reach its peak/nadir was the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), followed by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme level, followed by the hemoglobin (HGB) level, and, finally, the platelet count (PLT). The AST was the first parameter to peak and the first to normalize. In the three cases in which more than one plasmapheresis procedure was performed, plasmapheresis was required for an average of 98 hours (range 39‐206 hours) after a normal AST level was obtained in order to achieve a self‐sustaining platelet count of = 100 × 109/L. No additional exchanges were required to maintain the PLT once a PLT of over 100 × 109/ L was attained. The laboratory values normalized in the following order: AST, HGB, PLT, and LDH. Three patients were discharged anemic. One was discharged with a normal LDH level. By our experience, awaiting normal LDH levels as an indicator for cessation of plasma exchange therapy would mean subjecting the patients to many unnecessary procedures. Although AST elevation reflects the peak of disease activity, a platelet count of over 100 × 109/L is more reflective of adequate reversal of the disease process.
Large‐bore central venous catheters for the collection of peripheral blood stem cells
Authors: Hahn Uwe , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Salwender Hans , Haas Rainer , Hunstein Werner 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to establish a peripheral blood stem cell graft, repeated aphereses are necessary in the majority of patients. Each apheresis requires withdrawal and reinfusion of blood with high flow rates. To guarantee these flow rates, large‐bore catheters are needed for central venous access. Subcutaneously tunneled silicone catheters (Hickman) caused venous thrombosis in 10–40% of the patients. We therefore used polyurethane large‐bore catheters only for the time of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) collection. Via a Seldinger guidewire following delineation of the right (160 patients) or left (23 patients) internal jugular vein by ultrasound, 183 apheresis catheters have been inserted when the white blood cell count was >1.0 × 109/L and a measurable population of CD34+ cells was detected by fluorescence‐activated cell sorter analysis. The median flow rate was 70 ml/min (range 50–80 ml/min). We observed the following complications: puncture of the carotid artery in 2%, pneumothorax in 0.5%, local infection in 3%, and catheter‐related septicemia in only 2% of the patients. At the time of the removal of the catheters, we detected thrombosis of the internal jugular vein in 5% of the patients by ultrasound. The collection of PBSC with short‐term, large‐bore catheters is effective and is associated with a low incidence of infection and thrombosis.
Research and development in the blood bank: Efforts of a hospital donor center to improve efficiency of in‐line leukocyte reduction filters for automated plateletpheresis
Authors: Drew Mary Jo , Hodges Justin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn‐line leukocyte reduction filters (LRF) are available for use with an automated plateletpheresis (PPH) system. Initially, 62% of PPH units produced with such a filter (LRF6, N = 29) had postfiltration (POF) white blood cell (WBC) counts <5 × 106, with a mean POF WBC of 42 × 106. In an attempt to decrease POF WBCs, PPH were rested 30 to 60 minutes before filtration with LRF6. A new, larger‐volume LRF (LRF10) was also assessed for its efficiency of leukodepletion. A total of 625 PPH, 490 filtered with LRF6 and 135 with LRF10, were evaluated using prefiltration (PRF) and POF samples. Mean prefiltration WBC loads averaged 80 × 106 (range, 60–88 × 106) using seven combinations of filters, collection software, and PRF rest periods. Ninety‐three percent of PPH units rested prior to filtration with LRF6 (N = 237) had <5 × 106 WBC POF, with a mean of 5 × 106 WBC POF. All PPH units filtered with LRF10 (N = 135), whether rested or not, had <5 × 106 WBC POF, with a mean WBC count of 0.2 × 106 POF. Mean platelet (PLT) yields POF ranged from 3.1 to 3.4 × 1011. A PRF rest decreased mean POF WBC counts in products filtered with LRF6. The LRF10 consistently produced PPH with <5 × 106 WBC POF. Blood centers must thoroughly validate equipment utilized in the production of blood components.
Leukoreduced platelet apheresis production with a modified COBE spectra collection protocol
Authors: Kuriyan Mercy , Opalka Andrew 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA platelet apheresis product or single donor platelet (SDP) with a white blood cell content of 5 × 106 or below is considered optimal for transfusion. We modified the COBE spectra platelet collection protocol as follows: increased AC infusion rate of 1.1 ml/min/LTBV, setting the inlet:AC ratio configuration at high, and maintained the inlet flow rate of this setting with a maximum of 80 ml/min. The collection time varied with single dose or double dose production. The aim was to consistently obtain a platelet yield above 3 × 1011 and 2 WBC content less than 5 × 106. The results were tabulated on 64 donations. The platelet yield was >3 × 1011 for 59 donations with a mean of 4.89, median of 4.72, and a range of 3.02 to 8.14; and <3 × 1011 for 5 donations with a mean of 2.74, median of 2.84, and a range of 2.14 to 2.96. The WBC content was <5 × 106 for 60 donations with a mean of 0.52, median of 0.20, and a range of 0.06 to 0.71; and >5 × 106 for 4 donations with a mean of 59.9, a median of 48.9, and a range of 8.12 to 62.We conclude that 93.8% of the donations yielded a SDP that met or exceeded leukoreduction standards.
Peripheral blood stem cell collection in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia and a high circulating nucleated red cell fraction
Authors: Lee Jong‐Hoon , Miraglia Charles C. , Grosh William W. , Mintz Paul D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA high level of circulating nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) in patients with chronic myeloproliferative syndromes could potentially complicate peripheral blood stem cell (PSC) collection. The mononuclear NRBC might comprise a significant fraction of the total mononuclear cells in the final product. We report a successful PSC collection in a patient with more NRBC than WBC in the peripheral blood. A 27‐year‐old man with chronic myelogenous leukemia underwent eight PSC collection procedures, seven using the Cobe Spectra (Spectra) and one using the Fenwal CS3000 Plus (CS). PSC product manipulations to remove NRBC were unnecessary. As assessed by post‐collection NRBC:WBC ratio as a percent of the initial ratio, Spectra selectively harvested mononuclear leukocytes over NRBC. The collected products had a mean NRBC:WBC ratio that was 3.4% of the peripheral blood ratio. Adequate numbers of mononuclear leukocytes were collected with less than 6% NRBC contamination. The single CS procedure resulted in a comparable NRBC reduction efficiency as the Spectra. We conclude that PSC harvest using automated blood cell separators from patients with a high level of circulating NRBC may result in a product with an acceptable number of NRBC.
Clinical perspectives of granulocyte transfusions: Efficacy to date
Authors: Strauss Ronald G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe literature pertaining to the use of granulocyte transfusions as treatment for progressive bacterial, yeast, and fungal infections in severely neutropenic patients is reviewed. Efficacy in treating bacterial infections that are unresponsive to antimicrobial therapy is well established—especially if bone marrow failure does not recover rapidly and neutropenia is persistent. The role of therapeutic granulocyte transfusions for yeast and fungal infections has potential merit, but current data are incomplete and findings are inconsistent. The possibility of greater success has been raised by use of recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor to greatly increase the yield of neutrophils collected from normal donors.