bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoreduction of Acridine in Deaerated and Aerated Ethanol Solutions
Authors: Kato Shunji , Minagawa Shigekazu , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The deaerated solution of acridine 1×10−4m in ethanol, when irradiated by 365 mμ produces acridane with a quantum yield of about 0.13. This reductive reaction can proceed even in the air-saturated solution with the rate about one third of that of the deaerated solution. For both cases the rate is simply proportional to the absorption of light.
2. When the concentration of dissolved oxygen is more than about twice that of acridine concentration, the rate of the reaction is approximately equal to that of the air-saturated solution independent of the oxygen concentration, and at the same time oxygen is consumed at the rate about twice as great as that of the reduction of acridine. Hence, when the existent oxygen is exhausted, the rate gains the value of the deaerated solution.
3. All the above results are almost entirely independent of temperature.
4. A possible scheme was proposed in which a certain type of intermediate is formed between semireduced acridine and oxygen and, from this intermediate acridine is partially recovered accompanied with the consumption of oxygen and, in competition with this, acridane is poduced, both by a bimolecular process.
A. C. Polarography of Thiamine Hydrochloride in Weakly Acidic Buffer Solutions
Authors: Okamoto Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Although in ordinary D. C. polarography no well-defined polarographic reduction waves of thiamine in weakly acidic or in neutral buffer solutions have been reported, it was found that A. C. polarographic methods would be suitable for these studies.
A. C. polarographic waves of thiamine appeared at 1.27∼−1.35 V. in buffer solutions of pH 3.0∼4.75, and in the region of pH 4.75∼7.0 a new wave began to be observed at more positive potentials than −1.27∼1.35 V., while another wave was observed at −1.32∼−1.44 V. in the same pH region. The heights of two waves decreased with the increase of pH.
In basic buffer solutions the wave forms varied irregularly and the waves disappeared completely at pH 10.0.
According to the relation of is to temperature, mercury heights and concentrations, these two waves were both recognized as diffusion currents with a few tensammetric properties.
The nature of the first and second waves were attributed to the reductions of thiamine with Cl−, and with hydrochloric acid and Cl− to each dihydrothiamine, respectively.
The Photovoltaic Behavior in Organic Compounds
Authors: Inokuchi Hiroo , Maruyama Yusei , Akamatu Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
When a contact between a semiconductive material and a metal is made, it is expected that a potential barrier occurs at the boundary layer and the photovoltaic effect which is observed with illumination on this barrier. It has been found that this is the case for organic semiconductors. The photovoltaic cell was made with aromatic compounds sandwiched between two metal layers or metal and stannic oxide. One of them was a terminal electrode and the other, the junction electrode, was made with evaporated film of platinum, gold, silver, tin, lead or alkali metal. All observations of photovoltage were carried out in vacuo or in an atmosphere of insert gas.
With the illumination of white light from a tungsten lamp, the induced photovoltage varied from several millivolts to one volt, depending on the sorts of metals applied to the junctions. In most of these junctions, the organic solids acted as positive eletrodes with respected to the junction metal.
In the alkali metal-aromatics system, a fluctuation was frequently observed concerning the direction of electromotive force, but the value of photovoltage was generally much higher than in the case of the other metals; thus the spectral response of the voltage was measurable. This response was less dependent on the sorts of organic solids but dependent on the sorts of metals. On the other hand, the spectral response in the junction between organic solid and stannic oxide, was a curve which is in good coincidence with the optical absorption curve for solid organics.
Studies on Organophosphorus Compounds. II. On Phosphite Cuprous Halide Complex Compounds
Authors: Nishizawa Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Phosphites or phosphonites react with cuprous halides in one to one or two to one mole ratio to give phosphite, phosphonite, bis-phosphite or bis-phosphonite cuprous halides complex compounds. Their molecular weights in various organic solvents showed that these compounds formed polymer.
Phosphite cuprous halides react with pyridine, aniline or their derivatives and gave new complex compounds having phosphite, cuprous chloride and amine.
Polarography of Narcotine-N-oxide
Authors: Asahi Yutaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Narcotine-N-oxide shows a catalytic hydrogen wave as narcotine and other alkaloids. The reduction waves of narcotine-N-oxide are ascribed to the 2-electron reduction of the N-oxide to narcotine. Their 1st step is an adsorption wave of the reductant. The adsorped film disturbs the further electrode reaction, an anomalous minimum wave is observed in higher concentration. The 2nd step in pH 1∼5 corresponds to the proton adduct of the N-oxide with lactone and the 3rd step in pH 5∼10 to the base of the N-oxide.
Narcotine and its N-oxide change reversibly to hydroxycarboxylate type in alkali, which gives more negative reduction potential of the N-oxide and an absorption maximum in shorter wavelength. The velocity constants of cleavage of the lactone and of the reverse reaction are proportional to [OH−] and [H+], respectively.
Studies on Lactone Formation in Vapor Phase. I. Synthesis of γ-Butyrolactone
Authors: Oka Shinzaburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Vapor phase catalytic dehydrogenation of 1,4-butanediol to γ-butyrolactone with reduced copper supported on various carriers was studied. It was found that copper supported on zinc oxide or magnesium oxide was a superior catalyst. In the case of a catalyst consisting of 20% copper and 80% zinc oxide, the yield and space time yield of γ-butyrolactone were 95% and 0.28 at 230∼240°C, respectively.
Studies on Surface Heterogeneity in Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide on Nickel by Use of the Isotopic Desorption Method
Authors: Hirota Kozo , Kobayashi Yasushi , Kiji Jitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By applying the isotopic desorption method of Roginsky under the experimental condition of least ambiguity, heterogeneity of nickel surface has been studied on the chemisorption of carbon dioxide by making heavy oxygen as the tracer. It has been shown that about one third of the surface can chemisorb carbon dioxide very strongly at −78, 0 and 19°C, and a part of carbon dioxide chemisorbed is not desorbed even by the evacuation at 300°C. Considering the isotopic balance of heavy oxygen, it can be said that the above effect is brought about by the primary heterogeneity of surface sites but not by the “induced heterogeneity” of adsorbate. However, it has been found difficult to make the detailed nature of such heterogeneity by the present data alone.
The Viscosity of Concentrated Aqueous Solutions of Strong Electrolytes
Authors: Satoh Takeshi , Hayashi Koreaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The coefficients of the viscosity of concentrated aqueous solutions of 1–1 type electrolytes were measured at room temperature. Judging from the relationship between relative viscosity and concentration the electrolytes would be classified into two groups. One is normal and the other shows negative viscosity.It is the linear term that makes the most predominent contribution in the dilute range. We analyzed its factor by the use of Broersma’s concept of local viscosity. From the expression obtained, a condition of negative viscosity was derived as 6 in approximation. According to our interpretation, negative viscosity does not result from individual characters of ions of each electrolyte in question, but from delicate correlations between the local viscosities of neighboring hydration layers.
Thermo-magnetic Study of Mercury and Dilute Amalgams of Sodium and Potassium
Authors: Sriraman S , Shanmugasundaram V 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The susceptibility of pure mercury was determined at different temperatures. Sodium and potassium amalgams were prepared in a pure state and the suscepribility of the amalgams of different concentrations at different temperatures was studied. The χ-values of amalgams were found to be practically constant in the range of temperature employed.
Reduction of Organic Compounds with Urushibara Catalysts under High Pressure. IX. Reduction of Some Carbonyl Compounds with Urushibara Catalysts by Various Modified Methods
Authors: Taira Shin-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The catalytic reduction of deoxybenzoin, benzoin, benzil and furil with various Urushibara catalysts under high pressure were studied. It was found that benzil and furil was converted into the corresponding α-ketols by the partial reduction under proper condition.
Some modifications for the preparation of the Urushibara catalyst were attained. The newly developed precipitated nickel prepared by a very simple way proved to give a catalyst as active as the usual Urushibara nickel catalyst for practical use. Hydrochloric acid was found to be applicable for the digestion of the precipitated nickel in place of acetic acid.
Studies on the Composition and Properties of Less Familiar Metal Cyano Complexes. I. Composition of Nickel and Cobalt Octacyanomolybdates by Electrometric Methods
Authors: Malik Wahid U , Ali S Iftikhar 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The composition of the freshly precipitated nickel and cobalt cyano molybdates was determined using conductometric, potentiometric and amperometric methods. The nickel compound is green in color and its composition may be represented as Ni2Mo(CN)8. The orange precipitate of the cobalt cyano molybdate has also got the composition Co2Mo(CN)8. Reverse conductometric titration (salt solution added to molybdocyanide) give evidence of the complexes K2NiMo(CN)8 and K2CoMo(CN)8. These titrations provide information of the adsorption of Mo(CN)84− ions by the freshly precipitated complex. Both the compounds show tendency to pass into the colloidal state when the salt solution is added to excess of potassium octacyano molybdate.
Infrared Absorption Spectra of Water of Crystallization in Ferrous Chloride Tetrahydrate Crystal
Authors: Gamo Itaru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The observed spectra of the water of crystallization were correlated with the crystal structure determined by X-rays. They were interpreted as affected by coördination and hydrogen bonding. The coördination was concluded to lower the bending frequency of water in general. Two remarkably sharp bending bands were found.
Energy Distribution of Secondary Electrons from Copper-Beryllium Alloy by Positive Ions of Inert Gases. I. Electro-polished Surface
Authors: Sugiura Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The distribution curves of the kinetic energies of the secondary electrons from the electropolished copper-beryllium surface by inert gas ions were measured by the retarding potential method together with the yield of the secondary electron emission. The contact potential difference between the ion target (electro-polished copper-beryllium) and the electron collector (gold) was also measured by the retarding potential method for the thermal electrons from tungsten, and the correction of this contact potential difference was made for the kinetic energies of secondary electrons. The main results obtained are as follows.
(1) The contact potential difference between gold and electro-polished copper-beryllium(4%) is 0.95 eV. (gold, negative).
(2) The general features of the distribution curves of secondary electrons are similar to the distribution curves of the kinetic ejection measured by Waters.
(3) The present results of the energy distribution curves of secondary electrons by the inert gas ions indicate that the yield of secondary electrons is increased by increasing the kinetic energy of the primary ions, and that this increment in the yield is mainly contributed from the secondary electrons which have lower kinetic energies than that of the secondary electrons emitted by the incident ions of low kinetic energies. These phenomena are able to be postulated qualitatively by the idea of sternglass.
(4) The total number of emitted electrons is increased with the increase in the value of the ionization potential of incident ions, and the kinetic energies of emitted electrons become greater by increasing the potential energy of incident ions. These phenomena are difficult to explain by the mechanism of the kinetic ejection, therefore the electron emission from the electro-polished copper-beryllium surface by inert gas ions may occur according to the complicated mechanism in which the potential energies of incident ions contribute to the electron emission together with their kinetic energies.
(5) In contrast with the singly-charged ions, the doubly-charged ions give rise to the broadening of the energy distribution curves. This also suggests the occurrence of the comlicated ejection mechanisms.
Infrared Absorption Spectra of Quartz and Some other Silica Modification
Authors: Soda Reisuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Some silica modification such as carplex and ground quartz particle, gives rise to the bands near 950 cm−1. This band has no relation with the skeletal structure of Si–O bond and can not be explained as overtone or combination tone. It is reasonable to assign this band to O–H deformation vibration of silanol group. The effect of particle size and grinding time on the spectrum of quartz was examined and it was concluded that the ground quartz particle was covered by some irregular structure on its surface, which was different from quartz structure. In this surface structure, the silanol group seems to be constructed.
The Study of Adsorption of Detergents at a Solution-Air Interface by Radiotracer Method. IV. The Valency and Concentration Effects of Added Electrolytes on the Adsorption of Alkyl Sulfate Ion
Authors: Matuura Ryohei , Kimizuka Hideo , Matsubara Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The adsorption of dodecyl sulfate ion in the presence of various inorganic electrolytes whose concentrations are all 10−4 mol./l. and the adsorption of alkyl sulfate ions in the presence of the excess salt were measured by using S-35 labeled alkyl sulfates.
In the presence of various electrolytes, both the rate of adsorption and the equilibrium adsorption of dodecyl sulfate ion increase with the cationic valency of added electrolyte, while they are almost independent of the anionic valency.
In the presence of the excess salt, both the rate and the equilibrium adsorption of the alkyl sulfate ions increase with the salt concentration. With increasing concentration of salt the rate of adsorption of the dodecyl sulfate ion approaches the rate of the simple diffusion theory, while that of tetradecyl- and hexadecyl sulfate ion exceeds the value predicted by the simple diffusion theory. It was pointed out that the higher rate of adsorption is attributed to the higher surface activity of solute.
The idea of surface activity was explicitly introduced in the explanation for the adsorption process and the discussions for the theories proposed earlier were given.
Thermodynamical Studies on Binary Systems Consisting of Polar and Non-polar Liquids. V. The Anomalies in the Binary Systems of Polar Liquid with Aromatic Non-polar Liquid
Authors: Amaya Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The anomalous stabilization energy for the systems containing polar and aromatic nonpolar liquids was evaluated on reasonable assumptions. The van Laar coefficient due to this stabilizing effect was found to be dependent on the concentration. The stabilization effect corresponding to the concentration dependent part of the van Laar coefficient was explained by the cooperative orientation of aromatic nonpolar molecules around the polar molecules.
Structure of Enteromycin. IV
Authors: Mizuno K\={o}mei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Catalytic reduction of enteromycin methyl ester afforded demethoxyenteromycin methyl ester. Since demethoxyenteromycin amide was presumed to be 3-amino-N-(hydroxyiminoacetyl)-β-alanine, while enteromycin amide was considered to be N-(hydroxyamidinocarbonyl)-3-aminoacrylic acid, the two presumptive formulas, I–i and I–ii, were proposed for enteromycin. As the amido compound prepared by amidation of synthetic ethyl O-methyl-aci-nitroacetate was assumed to have the structure of hydroxyamido carbonyl amide (oxamide monoxime) and as enteromycin was deme-thoxylated by heating under evolution of formaldehyde, the formula I–i was found to be preferential, considering together other properties of the compound, and therefore the plane structure of enteromycin was established to be N-(O-methyl-aci-nitroacetyl)-3-aminoacrylic acid. The steric configuration of the 3-amino acrylic acid seems to be trans and that of the O-methyl cis-nitroacetyl group (the configuration of the hydrogen attached to the α-carbon atom and of the coordinating oxygen) to be syn.
Synthesis of Several Tertiary Alcohols from Propanol-2 and Ethylene by Gamma-ray Irradiation
Authors: Hirota Kozo , Hatada Motoyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tertiary amyl and higher tertiary alcohols have been synthetized at 6∼60°C by irradiating gamma-rays on mixture of propanol-2 and ethylene enclosed in glass vessels. It has been found that as the irradiation temperature the G value of these telomers increases markedly, e.g. up to ca. 300 at 60°C. It has been concluded from the distribution of the telomers produced that this reaction proceeds by a chain mechanism, making isopropyl radical (CH3)2COH as the chain-carrying radical. It has been estimated that the characteristic of gamma-rays will be found in the step prior to the production of the isopropyl radical. If the rays can play some role in this reaction.
Photoreduction of Methylene Blue by the Visible Light in the Aqueous Solution Containing Certain Kinds of Inorganic Salts. III. Kinetic Treatment of the Reaction
Authors: Usui Yoshiharu , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Kinetic treatment was undertaken for the photobleaching of the aqueous solution of methylene blue containing various inorganic salts.
If a certain kind of inhibiting action due to some reaction product(s) is taken into consideration, the rate for borate buffer is satisfactorily reproduced as the first order of excited dye, while for phosphate buffer it is second order with regard to dye. It was further found from this analysis that the rate of the essential step (or steps) of the reaction for the case of borate is approximately proportional to the concentration of OH−, while for the case of phosphate it is almost independent of pH.
The quantity of irreversible decomposition of dye in case of borate buffer was estimated to be very small against that of the reversible bleaching, the former being a few tenths of the latter from the experimental results obtained when ferric chloride and o-phenanthroline were added to the borate buffer solution.
Judging from the results hitherto obtained,it is most plausible that the photoreduction of methylene blue in case of borate takes place through the decomposition of water. But in case of phosphate, there still remains some possibility that the reaction commences by the interaction of excited dye and ground state dye, electron transfer taking place between them.
The quantum yield of the bleaching reaction was measured and found to be (2∼3)×10−4 for borate buffer and (7∼9)×10−4 for phosphate buffer.
Studies on Phenolic Resins. IV. Physical and Chemical Properties of Coating Films of Japanese Lac (Urushi) (Rigidity Modulus-Temperature Relations Measured by Torsional Pendulum Method)
Authors: Kuwata Tsutomu , Kumanotani J\={u} , Kazama Seiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
As to Japanese lac some reports are found in literature concerning chemical identification of the lac component, or electrical insulation and resistance of the film to chemical reagents, but no physical and chemical properties related to internal polymer structure of the film had ever been investigated. In this paper the authors studied the physical and chemical properties of the film of Japanese lac by means of the torsional pendulum method.
As the results of the experiment, the following characteristics of the films prepared by various processes from Japanese lac were revealed:
1. The films do not show sharp glass transition phenomenon and are durable as a protective coating over a wide range of temperature.
2. The films from sugurome-processed Japanese lac have ample flexibility and considerable rigidity, ideally combined.
3. During exposure to air, the films are oxidized with formation of polar group in polymer molecules. But cross-linking does not take place except in air-dried film of raw Japanese lac.
The above mentioned physical and chemical properties of the film account for the characteristic, complicated three dimensional polymer structure caused by action of laccase and chemical structure of urushiol, and such excellent properties can not be found in any other films from synthetic resins. The results obtained are of practical use and they should be taken into consideration in the study of preparation of fillers or substitutes for Japanese lac.
Catechol derivatives synthesized by the authors were confirmed to be fairly good fillers.
Spectroscopic Studies on Molecular Configurations of Some Aliphatic Dinitriles. I. Infrared Spectra of Succinonitrile and Bis(succinonitrilo) copper(I) Nitrate
Authors: Matsubara Ikuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared spectrum of bis(succinonitrilo)- copper(I) nitrate, [Cu(NC–CH2–CH2–CN)2]NO3, has been studied in relation to the molecular configuration of the ligand succinonitrile, which is known from X-ray analysis to be the gauche form. The Spectral features of this complex are quite similar to those of free succinonitrile at −50°C in agreement with the conclusion of the previous workers that the gauche isomer of succinonitrile is stable at low temperatures. Thus all the main absorption bands of the complex were satisfactorily explained as due to the vibrations of the gauche isomer. Decomposition of the complex occurs as a result of interaction with alkali halides such as sodium chloride and potassium bromide, which causes the appearance of absorption bands corresponding to the vibrations of the trans isomer. Considering the frequency shifts of the nitrate vibrations the reaction of the complex with alkali halides should be ascribed largely to an ion interchange between the two phases. The increase of 26 cm−1 in the C≡N stretching frequency by complex formation may be understood from the linear structure of the Cu–N–C–CH2 group which suggest that the carbon-nitrogen bond is essentially of a triple-bond character, thr contributions of polar resonance structure such as –C+=N− being decreased. Assignment of the skeletal deformation frequencies has been made with the help of a normal coordinate treatment which also made possible discussion concerning the nature of these vibrations.
Polyaddition Reaction of Diphenylsilane to Diallyl Carboxylate
Authors: Kojima Kuniharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polyaddition reaction of diphenylsilane to diallyl phthalate was studied. The reaction was found to be of the second order at the initial stage. The over-all rate is proportional to the initial monomer and catalyst concentration. The over-all activation energy calculated for this reaction was found to be 12kcal./ mol. at 80∼120°C.
By a similar method following polyesters have been prepared from diphenylsilane and diallyl carboxylates: Polydiphenylsilylene 3, 3′-bis(trimethylene)oxalate, malonate, succinate, adipate, sebacate, phthalate, isophthalate and terephthalate. Their molecular weight and inherent viscosity were determined and properties have been described.