bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy and Power Requirements for Alteration of the Refractive Index
Authors: Khurgin Jacob B 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe ability to manipulate the refractive index is a fundamental principle underlying numerous photonic devices. Various techniques exist to modify the refractive index across diverse materials, making performance comparison far from straightforward. In evaluating these methods, power consumption emerges as a key performance characteristic, alongside bandwidth and footprint. Here a comprehensive comparison of the energy and power requirements for the most well‐known index change schemes is undertaken. The findings reveal that while the energy per volume for index change remains within one or two orders of magnitude across different techniques and materials, the power consumption required to achieve switching, 100% modulation, or 100% frequency conversion can differ significantly, spanning many orders of magnitude. As it turns out, the material used has less influence on power reduction than the specific resonant or traveling wave scheme employed to enhance the interaction time between light and matter. Though this work is not intended to serve as a design guide, it does establish the limitations and trade‐offs involved in index modulation, thus providing valuable insights for photonics practitioners.
Care of Late‐Stage Parkinsonism: Resource Utilization of the Disease in Five European Countries
Authors: Kruse Christopher , Lipinski Anna , Verheyen Malte , Balzer‐Geldsetzer Monika , Wittenberg Michael , Lorenzl Stefan , Richinger Carmen , Schmotz Christian , Tönges Lars , Woitalla Dirk , Klebe Stephan , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Hommel Adrianus , Meissner Wassilios G. , Laurens Brice , Boraud Thomas , Foubert‐Samier Alexandra , Vergnet Sylvain , Tison François , Costa Nadège , Odin Per , Rosqvist Kristina , Norlin Jenny M. , Hjalte Frida , Schrag Anette , Dodel Richard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to progressive disability. Cost studies have mainly explored the early stages of the disease, whereas late‐stage patients are underrepresented.ObjectiveThe aim is to evaluate the resource utilization and costs of PD management in people with late‐stage disease.MethodsThe Care of Late‐Stage Parkinsonism (CLaSP) study collected economic data from patients with late‐stage PD and their caregivers in five European countries (France, Germany, the Netherlands, UK, Sweden) in a range of different settings. Patients were eligible to be included if they were in Hoehn and Yahr stage >3 in the on state or Schwab and England stage at 50% or less. In total, 592 patients met the inclusion criteria and provided information on their resource utilization. Costs were calculated from a societal perspective for a 3‐month period. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator approach was utilized to identify the most influential independent variables for explaining and predicting costs.ResultsDuring the 3‐month period, the costs were €20,573 (France), €19,959 (Germany), €18,319 (the Netherlands), €25,649 (Sweden), and €12,156 (UK). The main contributors across sites were formal care, hospitalization, and informal care. Gender, age, duration of the disease, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale 2, the EQ‐5D‐3L, and the Schwab and England Scale were identified as predictors of costs.ConclusionCosts in this cohort of individuals with late‐stage PD were substantially higher compared to previously published data on individuals living in earlier stages of the disease. Resource utilization in the individual sites differed in part considerably among these three parameters mentioned. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Interleaved trinuclear MRS for single‐session investigation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in human liver at 7T
Authors: Poli Simone , Emara Ahmed F. , Lange Naomi F. , Ballabani Edona , Buser Angeline , Schiavon Michele , Herzig David , Man Chiara Dalla , Bally Lia , Kreis Roland 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe liver plays a central role in metabolic homeostasis, as exemplified by a variety of clinical disorders with hepatic and systemic metabolic disarrays. Of particular interest are the complex interactions between lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in highly prevalent conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. Limited accessibility and the need for invasive procedures challenge direct investigations in humans. Hence, noninvasive dynamic evaluations of glycolytic flux and steady‐state assessments of lipid levels and composition are crucial for basic understanding and may open new avenues toward novel therapeutic targets. Here, three different MR spectroscopy (MRS) techniques that have been combined in a single interleaved examination in a 7T MR scanner are evaluated. 1H‐MRS and 13C‐MRS probe endogenous metabolites, while deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) relies on administration of deuterated tracers, currently 2H‐labelled glucose, to map the spatial and temporal evolution of their metabolic fate. All three techniques have been optimized for a robust single‐session clinical investigation and applied in a preliminary study of healthy subjects. The use of a triple‐channel 1H/2H/13C RF coil enables interleaved examinations with no need for repositioning. Short‐echo‐time STEAM spectroscopy provides well resolved spectra to quantify lipid content and composition. The relative benefits of using water saturation versus metabolite cycling and types of respiratory synchronization were evaluated. 2H‐MR spectroscopic imaging allowed for registration of time‐ and space‐resolved glucose levels following oral ingestion of 2H‐glucose, while natural abundance 13C‐MRS of glycogen provides a dynamic measure of hepatic glucose storage. For DMI and 13C‐MRS, the measurement precision of the method was estimated to be about 0.2 and about 16 mM, respectively, for 5 min scanning periods. Excellent results were shown for the determination of dynamic uptake of glucose with DMI and lipid profiles with 1H‐MRS, while the determination of changes in glycogen levels by 13C‐MRS is also feasible but somewhat more limited by signal‐to‐noise ratio.
The effect of increasing duration of family members' presence on sleep status in patients with acute coronary syndrome in cardiac care unit: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bagheri Hossein , Norouzi Fatemeh , Maleki Maryam , Rezaie Somayeh , Goli Shahrbanoo , Ebrahimi Hossein , Mardani Abbas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of increasing duration of family members' presence on sleep status in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) admitted to the cardiac care unit.DesignRandomized controlled trial.MethodsNinety patients with ACS randomly assigned into two groups. No intervention was performed in control group. In the intervention group, the time of family members presence was changed from 1 h per day to 2 h per day from the second to the fourth day. Then, ST Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire was completed by the patients every day during the study.ResultsThe patients in the intervention group had statistically significantly better sleep status during the course of intervention compared to the control group.Patient or Public ContributionThe increasing duration of family members' presence can improve the sleep quality and quantity of ACS patients.
Computational Design of Phosphotriesterase Improves V‐Agent Degradation Efficiency
Authors: Kronenberg Jacob , Chu Stanley , Olsen Andrew , Britton Dustin , Halvorsen Leif , Guo Shengbo , Lakshmi Ashwitha , Chen Jason , Kulapurathazhe Maria Jinu , Baker Cetara A. , Wadsworth Benjamin C. , Van Acker Cynthia J. , Lehman John G. , Otto Tamara C. , Renfrew P. Douglas , Bonneau Richard , Montclare Jin Kim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrganophosphates (OPs) are a class of neurotoxic acetylcholinesterase inhibitors including widely used pesticides as well as nerve agents such as VX and VR. Current treatment of these toxins relies on reactivating acetylcholinesterase, which remains ineffective. Enzymatic scavengers are of interest for their ability to degrade OPs systemically before they reach their target. Here we describe a library of computationally designed variants of phosphotriesterase (PTE), an enzyme that is known to break down OPs. The mutations G208D, F104A, K77A, A80V, H254G, and I274N broadly improve catalytic efficiency of VX and VR hydrolysis without impacting the structure of the enzyme. The mutation I106 A improves catalysis of VR and L271E abolishes activity, likely due to disruptions of PTE's structure. This study elucidates the importance of these residues and contributes to the design of enzymatic OP scavengers with improved efficiency.
Cover Image
Authors: Luo Tingting , Fu Kunkun , Zhu Huixin , Chen Yuan , Yang Bin , Li Yan 
Published: March 2024

The cover image is based on the Research Article In‐plane and in‐depth frontal polymerization behaviors of continuous fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites by Tingting Luo et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.28013image
Self‐assembly of supramolecular monomers into 2D twinned crystals on mica surface
Authors: Weyandt Elisabeth , Ruggeri Francesco Simone , Meijer E. W. , Vantomme Ghislaine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite the widespread use of microscopy techniques to characterize supramolecular polymers, the role of surfaces in the formation of these structures is unclear. Here we describe the epitaxial growth of intriguing 2D crystals of alkyl benzene‐1,3,5‐triscarboxamides formed by competitive attractive interactions with the mica surface. In contrast to the fibrous structure observed in apolar diluted solution, five‐fold twinned crystals or ribbon‐like structures are obtained on the mica surface. Moreover, these structures are still dynamic on the surface, being able to reorganize during the atomic force microscopy measurements. This work demonstrates that surface‐monomer interactions can be exploited to modulate the structure of 1D supramolecular polymers into 2D crystals.
A hybrid feature selection model for identifying groups of critical elements in aero‐engine assembly
Authors: Cheng Jiali , Hu Zongchun , Lu Wenhao , Wang Keqin , Cai Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAero‐engine assembly has a wide range of indicators, and finding critical assembly elements to guide assembly and troubleshooting is essential in improving the reliability and safety of aero‐engine. In order to identify critical elements in aero‐engine assembly components, this study aims to establish a two‐stage hybrid feature selection model, namely, FSBP approach, which integrated filter method and particle swarm algorithm with Bayesian optimization. Specifically, individual filter feature selection methods are compared to select a relatively effective method to reduce the data dimensions and ensure the quality of the initial subset. Then, the particle swarm algorithm combined with Bayesian optimization obtains a subset of features in the second stage that are more suitable for predictive models with more robust classification prediction capability. The algorithm is successfully applied to real aero‐engine assembly and trial test datasets, and the experimental results show that our proposed two‐stage hybrid feature selection model outperforms other benchmark methods.
Role of ACLY in the development of gastric cancer under hyperglycemic conditions
Authors: Sun Keran , Ning Jingyuan , Jia Keqi , Fan Xiaoqing , Li Hongru , Ma Jize , Meng Meiqi , Ma Cuiqing , Wei Lin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo investigate the impact of hyperglycemia on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer and identify key molecules associated with high glucose levels in gastric cancer development, RNA sequencing data and clinical features of gastric cancer patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. High glucose‐related genes strongly associated with gastric cancer were identified using weighted gene co‐expression network and differential analyses. A gastric cancer prognosis signature was constructed based on these genes and patients were categorized into high‐ and low‐risk groups. The immune statuses of the two patient groups were compared. ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), a gene significantly related to the prognosis, was found to be upregulated upon high‐glucose stimulation. Immunohistochemistry and molecular analyses confirmed high ACLY expression in gastric cancer tissues and cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed the involvement of ACLY in cell cycle and DNA replication processes. Inhibition of ACLY affected the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells induced by high glucose levels. These findings suggest that ACLY, as a high glucose‐related gene, plays a critical role in gastric cancer progression.
The number of previous implantation failures is a critical determinant of intrauterine autologous platelet‐rich plasma infusion success in women with recurrent implantation failure
Authors: Fujii Shunsaku , Oguchi Takaaki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to identify factors influencing the reproductive outcomes of frozen–thawed embryo transfer (FET) with intrauterine autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) infusion in patients with either a thin endometrium or recurrent implantation failure (RIF) despite a normal endometrial appearance.MethodsIn this retrospective study of women who underwent PRP‐FET, factors influencing PRP‐FET outcomes were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsWe enrolled 111 patients (70 with refractory thin endometrium and 41 with RIF but no thin endometrium). For 99 completed FET cycles, the β‐hCG positivity rate was 46.7%, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was 41.0%, and live birth rate (LBR) was 36.2%. PRP treatment was associated with significant improvements over previous cycles, and participants with thin endometria demonstrated thickening. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of previous implantation failures in women with RIF was a significant factor affecting the PRP‐FET outcomes. The CPR and LBR of women with RIF were lower when there had been ≥3 previous implantation failures occurred.ConclusionsIntrauterine PRP infusion improves the pregnancy outcomes of patients with RIF or a thin endometrium. The number of previous implantation failures is a critical determinant of successful intrauterine PRP infusions in women with RIF.
Early Spoilage Detection of Cultured Pacific White Shrimp Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance Gas Sensors
Authors: Rianjanu Aditya , Rayhan Muhammad A. A. P. , Aulya Mubarakatin , Aflaha Rizky , Triyana Kuwat , Taher Tarmizi , Wasisto Hutomo Suryo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) gas sensors, coated with electrospun polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) nanofibers, were employed to monitor the spoilage level of cultured Pacific white shrimp. The sensors exhibited a sensitivity range of 0.63 to 1.61 Hz/ppm when detecting trimethylamine vapor, a key biomarker for shrimp spoilage. Significant resonance frequency shifts were observed in the as‐prepared sensors when exposed to amine gases released by long‐stored shrimps. These shifts underline the significance of low‐temperature storage for shrimps. While color changes in the shrimps stored at ambient temperature (25 °C) become noticeable to the naked eye after 6 hours, the sensor detects sample deterioration much earlier, registering a prominent frequency shift (178 Hz) within only 3 hours of storage. This outcome suggests the potential of nanofiber‐coated QCM sensors as early‐stage food freshness indicators.
Nanomaterials: A Promising Material for Cardiac Hemostasis
Authors: Gao Yuan , Zhang Jun , Yu Pi‐Hang , Liu Zhong , Zhang Guo‐Dong , Cheng Nan , Wang Rong , Long Yun‐Ze 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs a pump to supply blood to the body, the heart is one of the essential organs. Cardiac hemostasis is a great challenge due to extremely high blood pressure and the need to stop the bleeding in a minimal time. In recent decades, more convenient, faster, and fewer toxic hemostatic materials have been developed for wound treatment and hemostasis in clinical and emergency situations. Besides, functional nanomaterials with large specific surface areas and high porosity have received extensive attention as hemostatic agents. In this review, we summarize the current status of cardiac hemostasis and the application of hemostatic materials in cardiac hemostasis, then introduce the application of nanomaterials in biomedicine and cardiac surgery. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges in the field of cardiac hemostasis.
Application of eco‐friendly disposable pencil graphite sensor for electrochemical evaluation and determination of podophyllotoxin using in cancer treatment
Authors: Özer Mehmet , Levent Abdulkadir 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA sensitive, simple and selective voltammetric method was developed for the quantification of plant‐derived podophyllotoxin, which is included in antineoplastic drugs, using a disposable pencil graphite electrode. Using the square‐wave voltammetry technique, podophyllotoxin gave a very good voltammetric response at +1.24 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) potential (at 0.0 V and after 60 s pre‐concentration) in Britton Robinson (pH 4.0) media. This procedure was used to detection the compound in the concentration range of 12.4–299.5 nM with a limit of detection to 2.62 nM (1.08 μg L−1). The proposed method has been successfully applied to human urine samples.
Synergistic Cation‐π Interactions and PEDOT‐Based Protective Double‐Layer for High Performance Zinc Anode
Authors: Ba Junjie , Yin Xiuxiu , Duan Fengxue , Cheng Yingjie , Pu Xin , Zhu You‐Liang , Wei Yingjin , Wang Yizhan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnsuring effective and controlled zinc ion transportation is crucial for functionality of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and overall performance in zinc‐based battery systems. Herein the first‐ever demonstration of incorporate cation‐π interactions are provided in the SEI to effectively facilitate uniform zinc ion flux. The artificial SEI design involves the immobilization of 4‐amino‐p‐terphenyl (TPA), a strong amphiphilic cation‐π interaction donor, as a monolayer onto a conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) matrix, which enable the establishment of a robust network of cation‐π interactions. Through a carefully‐designed interfacial polymerization process, a high‐quality, large‐area, robust is achieved, thin polymeric TPA/PEDOT (TP) film for the use of artificial SEI. Consequently, this interphase exhibits exceptional cycling stability with low overpotential and enables high reversibility of Zn plating/stripping. Symmetrical cells with TP/Zn electrodes can be cycled for more than 3200 hours at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. And the asymmetric cells can cycle 3000 cycles stably with a high Coulomb efficiency of 99.78%. Also, under the extreme conditions of lean electrolyte and low N/P ratio, the battery with TP protective layer can still achieve ultra‐stable cycle.
Exploring drought‐to‐flood interactions and dynamics: A global case review
Authors: Barendrecht Marlies H. , Matanó Alessia , Mendoza Heidi , Weesie Ruben , Rohse Melanie , Koehler Johanna , de Ruiter Marleen , Garcia Margaret , Mazzoleni Maurizio , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H. , Ward Philip J. , Di Baldassarre Giuliano , Day Rosie , Van Loon Anne F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study synthesizes the current understanding of the hydrological, impact, and adaptation processes underlying drought‐to‐flood events (i.e., consecutive drought and flood events), and how they interact. Based on an analysis of literature and a global assessment of historic cases, we show how drought can affect flood risk and assess under which circumstances drought‐to‐flood interactions can lead to increased or decreased risk. We make a distinction between hydrological, socio‐economic and adaptation processes. Hydrological processes include storage and runoff processes, which both seem to mostly play a role when the drought is a multiyear event and when the flood occurs during the drought. However, which process is dominant when and where, and how this is influenced by human intervention needs further research. Processes related to socio‐economic impacts have been studied less than hydrological processes, but in general, changes in vulnerability seem to play an important role in increasing or decreasing drought‐to‐flood impacts. Additionally, there is evidence of increased water quality problems due to drought‐to‐flood events, when compared to drought or flood events by themselves. Adaptation affects both hydrological (e.g., through groundwater extraction) or socio‐economic (e.g., influencing vulnerability) processes. There are many examples of adaptation, but there is limited evidence of when and where certain processes occur and why. Overall, research on drought‐to‐flood events is scarce. To increase our understanding of drought‐to‐flood events we need more comprehensive studies on the underlying hydrological, socio‐economic, and adaptation processes and their interactions, as well as the circumstances that lead to the dominance of certain processes.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Nanotherapeutics against malaria: A decade of advancements in experimental models
Authors: Avalos‐Padilla Yunuen , Fernàndez‐Busquets Xavier 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMalaria, caused by different species of protists of the genus Plasmodium, remains among the most common causes of death due to parasitic diseases worldwide, mainly for children aged under 5. One of the main obstacles to malaria eradication is the speed with which the pathogen evolves resistance to the drug schemes developed against it. For this reason, it remains urgent to find innovative therapeutic strategies offering sufficient specificity against the parasite to minimize resistance evolution and drug side effects. In this context, nanotechnology‐based approaches are now being explored for their use as antimalarial drug delivery platforms due to the wide range of advantages and tuneable properties that they offer. However, major challenges remain to be addressed to provide a cost‐efficient and targeted therapeutic strategy contributing to malaria eradication. The present work contains a systematic review of nanotechnology‐based antimalarial drug delivery systems generated during the last 10 years.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease