bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twisting asymptotic symmetries and algebraically special vacuum solutions
Authors: Mao Pujian , Zhao Weicheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study asymptotic symmetries and algebraically special exact solutions in the Newman-Penrose formalism. Removing the hypersurface orthogonal condition in the well studied Newman-Unti gauge, we obtain a generic asymptotic solution space which includes all possible origins of propagating degree of freedom. The asymptotic symmetry of the generalized system extends the Weyl-BMS symmetry by two independent local Lorentz transformations with non-trivial boundary charges, which reveals new boundary degrees of freedom. The generalized Newman-Unti gauge includes algebraically special condition in its most convenient form. Remarkably, the generic solutions satisfying the algebraically special condition truncate in the inverse power of radial expansions and the non-radial Newman-Penrose equations are explicitly solved at any order. Hence, we provide the most general algebraically special solution space and the derivation is self-contained in the Newman-Penrose formalism. The asymptotic symmetry with respect to the algebraically special condition is the standard Weyl-BMS symmetry and the symmetry parameters consist only the integration constant order. We present the Kerr solution and Taub-NUT solution in the generalized Newman-Unti gauge in a simple form.
Bayesian Inversion of MDJ Seismograms for Source Parameters and Yields of DPRK Underground Nuclear Explosions 2 to 6
Authors: Ziolkowski Anton 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) conducted six underground nuclear explosions at the Punggye-ri nuclear test site at Mount Mantap, a granite peak. Test 1 was separate from tests 2 to 6, which were within about 1 km of each other. Using seismograms recorded at Mudanjiang (MDJ) seismic station in China, I propose a new approach to obtain source parameters, source time functions and yields of events 2 to 6, assuming they share the same Green’s function from Punggye-ri to MDJ. Each source is modelled as a spherical cavity in a homogeneous isotropic elastic full space, with four independent parameters constrained by published data on the properties of granite and analysis of the recorded MDJ seismograms. The effect of the ground surface is included as a planar reflection that modifies the pressure at the cavity boundary. The Green’s function for each event is estimated by deconvolving the seismogram for the estimated source time function. Very fast simulated annealing (VFSA) is used to search the parameter space to minimise the root-mean square difference among the estimated Green’s functions and their mean. The estimated Green’s functions are similar and differ in amplitude by less than a factor of 2. Green’s functions from Punggye-ri to other seismic stations may be obtained by deconvolving the seismograms for the corresponding source time functions. Mapping the nonlinear zones surrounding each explosion indicates that this part of the site was destroyed by the underground nuclear tests before its official destruction on 24 May 2018.
Asymptotic behavior of solutions to the extension problem for the fractional Laplacian on noncompact symmetric spaces
Authors: Papageorgiou Effie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work deals with the extension problem for the fractional Laplacian on Riemannian symmetric spaces G/K of noncompact type and of general rank, which gives rise to a family of convolution operators, including the Poisson operator. More precisely, motivated by Euclidean results for the Poisson semigroup, we study the long-time asymptotic behavior of solutions to the extension problem for $$L^1$$

L
1

initial data. In the case of the Laplace–Beltrami operator, we show that if the initial data are bi-K-invariant, then the solution to the extension problem behaves asymptotically as the mass times the fundamental solution, but this convergence may break down in the non-bi-K-invariant case. In the second part, we investigate the long-time asymptotic behavior of the extension problem associated with the so-called distinguished Laplacian on G/K. In this case, we observe phenomena which are similar to the Euclidean setting for the Poisson semigroup, such as $$L^1$$

L
1

asymptotic convergence without the assumption of bi-K-invariance.
Improving the surface quality of additive manufactured polyamide parts using conventional treatment methods
Authors: Rohrsen Nyengeterai Cherryl , Hagedorn Daniel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing processes have progressed in years past from not only being prototyping methods to also being end-product manufacturing methods. However, there are many challenges hindering higher industrial adoption rates of additive manufacturing such as low surface quality of the manufactured parts. Post-process surface treatment methods can play a key role in addressing this challenge. In this work, three mechanical methods were applied to selective laser-sintered polyamide 12 (PA12) parts with the aim of improving the surface quality. The effects of the methods regarding the surface integrity characteristics were evaluated. The results show improved surface roughness across all three methods: from initial Ra of 7.09 μm to 0.055 μm Ra, 0.28 μm Ra and 0.45 μm Ra by grinding, diamond turning and milling on the surfaces oriented upwards during fabrication respectively. Across the three methods, surface hardness was slightly reduced: with a maximum reduction of 2.5% by diamond turning.
New multi-function building plate for improving metal laser powder bed fusion by enhancing the alignment accuracy of in-process monitoring data, computed tomography measurements, and building volume geometry
Authors: Zanini Filippo , Bonato Nicolò , Carmignato Simone 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLaser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) is an additive manufacturing process enabling the fabrication of parts with highly complex and customizable geometries, enhanced strength-to-weight properties, and minimized material waste. Despite its unique capabilities, PBF-LB/M needs research and innovation efforts to enhance process dynamics and product quality, as well as to broaden its adoption in high-value industrial sectors, such as aerospace and biomedical. In this context, in-process monitoring solutions and post-process part quality evaluations are fundamental to improving the process towards sustainable, first-time-right, and zero-defect production. This paper describes a novel building plate concept for metal laser powder fusion, whose characteristics were specifically designed to enable and improve the performances of in-process monitoring and high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) measurements. In particular, the plate features markers for perspective correction in off-axis optical monitoring and dismountable inserts with machined geometrical elements to be used for the precise alignment between high-resolution CT reconstructions, in-process gathered data, and building volume geometry. The plate capabilities were demonstrated through examples related to in-process monitoring and post-process X-ray CT measurements.
The role of therapeutic plasma exchange in plasma cell disorders
Authors: Dima Danai , Khouri Jack 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an extracorporeal technique where patient’s plasma containing pathogenic substances is separated and removed from the whole blood, while the cellular component is returned to the patient mixed with replacement solution via an apheresis machine. Due to its ability to remove pathogenic substances from plasma including immunoglobulins, TPE has proven efficacious in the management of various disorders across different medical disciplines, including plasma cell dyscrasias, which are characterized by the abundant secretion of non-functional immunoglobulins produced by an abnormally proliferating plasma cell clone. This review summarizes the current indications of TPE in plasma cell-related disorders and discusses its application, safety, and therapeutic effects.
Big Multiple Sclerosis Data network: an international registry research network
Authors: Glaser Anna , Butzkueven Helmut , van der Walt Anneke , Gray Orla , Spelman Tim , Zhu Chao , Trojano Maria , Iaffaldano Pietro , Battaglia Mario A. , Lucisano Giuseppe , Vukusic Sandra , Vukusic Irena , Casey Romain , Horakova Dana , Drahota Jiri , Magyari Melinda , Joensen Hanna , Pontieri Luigi , Elberling Frederik , Klyve Pernilla , Mouresan Elena Flavia , Forsberg Lars , Hillert Jan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The Big Multiple Sclerosis Data (BMSD) network (https://bigmsdata.org) was initiated in 2014 and includes the national multiple sclerosis (MS) registries of the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Italy, and Sweden as well as the international MSBase registry. BMSD has addressed the ethical, legal, technical, and governance-related challenges for data sharing and so far, published three scientific papers on pooled datasets as proof of concept for its collaborative design.

Data collection
Although BMSD registries operate independently on different platforms, similarities in variables, definitions and data structure allow joint analysis of data. Certain coordinated modifications in how the registries collect adverse event data have been implemented after BMSD consensus decisions, showing the ability to develop together.

Data management
Scientific projects can be proposed by external sponsors via the coordinating centre and each registry decides independently on participation, respecting its governance structure. Research datasets are established in a project-to-project fashion and a project-specific data model is developed, based on a unifying core data model. To overcome challenges in data sharing, BMSD has developed procedures for federated data analysis.

Future perspectives
Presently, BMSD is seeking a qualification opinion from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to conduct post-authorization safety studies (PASS) and aims to pursue a qualification opinion also for post-authorization effectiveness studies (PAES). BMSD aspires to promote the advancement of real-world evidence research in the MS field.
The influence of chorioamnionitis on respiratory drive and spontaneous breathing of premature infants at birth: a narrative review
Authors: Panneflek Timothy J. R. , Kuypers Kristel L. A. M. , Polglase Graeme R. , Derleth Douglas P. , Dekker Janneke , Hooper Stuart B. , van den Akker Thomas , Pas Arjan B.te 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMost very premature infants breathe at birth but require respiratory support in order to stimulate and support their breathing. A significant proportion of premature infants are affected by chorioamnionitis, defined as an umbrella term for antenatal inflammation of the foetal membranes and umbilical vessels. Chorioamnionitis produces inflammatory mediators that potentially depress the respiratory drive generated in the brainstem. Such respiratory depression could maintain itself by delaying lung aeration, hampering respiratory support at birth and putting infants at risk of hypoxic injury. This inflammatory-mediated respiratory depression may contribute to an association between chorioamnionitis and increased requirement of neonatal resuscitation in premature infants at birth. This narrative review summarises mechanisms on how respiratory drive and spontaneous breathing could be influenced by chorioamnionitis and provides possible interventions to stimulate spontaneous breathing. Conclusion: Chorioamnionitis could possibly depress respiratory drive and spontaneous breathing in premature infants at birth. Interventions to stimulate spontaneous breathing could therefore be valuable.

What is Known:• A large proportion of premature infants are affected by chorioamnionitis, antenatal inflammation of the foetal membranes and umbilical vessels.

What is New:• Premature infants affected by chorioamnionitis might be exposed to higher concentrations of respiratory drive inhibitors which could depress breathing at birth.• Premature infants affected by chorioamnionitis seem to be associated with a higher and more extensive requirement of resuscitation at birth.
Change in taste sensation after orthognathic surgery
Authors: Malkoc Yagmur , Gulsever Serap , Uckan Sina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of orthognathic surgery on taste sensation.

Materials and methods
Thirty-five patients scheduled to undergo Le Fort I osteotomy (LFIO), sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), and bimaxillary surgery (BMS) were evaluated by administering localized and whole-mouth taste tests preoperatively and postoperatively at months 1, 3, and 6. The patients were asked to identify the quality of four basic tastes applied to six locations on the palate and tongue and to rate the taste intensities they perceived. Taste recognition thresholds and taste intesity scores were evaluted according to operation groups and follow-ups.

Results
There were significant decreases in the quinine HCl recognition thresholds at the postoperative follow-ups compared to the preoperative in LFIO patients (p = 0.043). There were significant decreases in sucrose taste intensity scores in the right posterolateral part of the tongue at months 3 and 6 compared to preoperative in SSRO patients (p = 0.046), and significant increases in quinine HCL taste intensity scores in the right and left anterior parts of the tongue at month 6 compared to preoperative in LFIO patients (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Taste perception is affected due to potential damage to the chemosensory nerves during orthognathic surgical procedures. Generally, non-significant alterations have been observed in taste perception after orthognathic surgery, except for significant alterations in bitter and sweet taste perceptions.

Clinical relevance
Maxillofacial surgeons should be aware of taste perception change after orthognathic surgery procedures and patients should be informed accordingly.

The trial registration number (TRN)
NCT06103422/Date of registration: 10.17.2023 (retrospectively registered).
Standard Error Adaptive Moment Estimation for Mean-Value-at-Risk Portfolio Optimization Problems by Sampling
Authors: Su Stephanie See Weng , Kek Sie Long , Teo Kok Lay 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, an improvement of the adaptive moment estimation (Adam) method equipped with standard error (SE), namely the AdamSE algorithm, is proposed. Our aims are to improve the convergence rate of the Adam algorithm and to explore the utility of the AdamSE algorithm for solving mean-value-at-risk (mean-VaR) portfolio optimization problems. For this, 10 stocks from the top 30 equity holdings list released by the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) have a weak correlation among them. The weekly stock prices of these stocks are selected for the period from 2015 to 2019, and then the mean, covariance and required rate of return are calculated to build a mean-VaR portfolio optimization model. In this way, the Adam and AdamSE algorithms are used to solve the model, and their results are compared. During the calculation, the stochastic gradients of the model are simulated through sampling, and nine samples are taken into consideration. With this sampling, the standard error of each sample is computed and the optimal weight for each sample is determined using the AdamSE algorithm. After convergence is achieved, the results show that different sample sizes could provide a satisfactory outcome for the portfolio concerned and from these nine samples, the lowest and highest iteration numbers were obtained to guarantee a robust optimal solution to the model constructed. Hence, we concluded that the AdamSE algorithm through sampling reveals its computational capability for handling the mean-VaR portfolio optimization problem.
An observational prospective study based on a large cohort of HIV-negative neurosyphilis patients with particular reference to the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
Authors: Peng Rui-Rui , Wu Juan , Zhao Wei , Zhu Lin , Guan Zhifang , Gu Xin , Shi Mei , Yu Junjun , Cheng Yanchun , Zhou Pingyu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to outline a complete picture of Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) in the central nervous system among HIV-negative neurosyphilis patients.

Methods
A prospective study cohort of 772 cases with almost all stages of neurosyphilis depicted the features of JHR including occurrence rate, risk profiles, clinical manifestations, medical management and prognosis.

Results
The total occurrence rate of JHR was 9.3% (95% CI, 7.3-11.4%), including 4.1% (95% CI, 2.7-5.6%) with severe JHR. The reaction started 5 h after treatment initiation, peaked after 8 h, and subsided after 18 h. Patients with severe JHR experienced a longer recovery time (26 h). Patients with general paresis (OR = 6.825), ocular syphilis (OR = 3.974), pleocytosis (OR = 2.426), or a high CSF-VDRL titre (per log2 titre increase, OR = 2.235) were more likely to experience JHR. Patients with general paresis had an 11.759-fold increased risk of severe JHR. Worsening symptoms included cognitive impairment, mania, nonsense speech, and dysphoria, while symptoms of hallucination, urination disorder, seizures, myoclonus, or aphasia appeared as new-onset symptoms. Neurosyphilis treatment did not need to be interrupted in most patients with JHR and could be reinstated in patients with seizures under supportive medication when JHR subsided.

Conclusion
Severe JHR displayed a 4.1% occurrence rate and clinicians should pay particular attention to patients at a higher risk of JHR. The neurosyphilis treatment regime can be restarted under intensive observation for patients with severe JHR and, if necessary, supportive medication should be initiated and continued until the end of therapy.
Laser fluorescence assessment of dental caries arrest with two silver fluoride agents in patients with special needs– a preliminary report
Authors: See Lydia , Zafar Sobia , Fu David , Ha Diep H. , Walsh Laurence J. , Lopez Silva Claudia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
While silver diamine fluoride has been used extensively for caries arrest and desensitising, silver fluoride (AgF) at neutral pH may also have value as a minimally invasive dental caries treatment. This study explored the effectiveness of two AgF products (AgF/KI and AgF/SnF2) when used in adult patients with special needs (SN) who had high caries risk and salivary gland hypofunction.

Methods
This split-mouth clinical study, over two appointments 3-months apart, compared the impact of a single application of AgF/KI (Riva Star Aqua, SDI) and AgF/SnF2 (Creighton Dental CSDS, Whiteley) on matched carious lesions in the same arch, by clinical visual-tactile (cVT) assessment of caries status and laser fluorescence (LF, DIAGNOdent) evaluation of bacterial load in the lesions, using repeated measures analysis.

Results
Twelve participants were recruited in the study. A total of 56 teeth (28 pairs) were included. Both AgF products gave a significant decrease in caries activity as measured by cVT (P < 0.0001) and LF (P = 0.0027). There were no statistically significant differences between the two AgF treatments, with response rates for improvements in active lesions of 92% in the AgF/KI arm, and 96% in the AgF/SnF2 arm. There was no effect of tooth type, lesion type, arch type, plaque metabolism and plaque area at the site level on outcomes, nor was there a clustering effect of sites in a patient level analysis. Overall, LF was superior to cVT for detecting lesions that still progressed despite treatment (P = 0.0027).

Conclusion
A single application of AgF/KI or AgF/SnF2 has high predictability (over 90%) for achieving arrest in active caries lesions in adult patients with SN and high caries risk. Clinical assessment should use visual-tactile examination combined with LF readings to detect lesions that are still progressing and that require additional treatments. Future studies should compare these AgF modalities with SDF and explore factors such as time between applications and the need for repeated applications.

Trial registration
The study was registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621001139864p) on 23/08/2021.
Recreation and its synergies and trade-offs with other ecosystem services of Alpine and pre-Alpine grasslands
Authors: M.Schmitt Thomas , Haensel Maria , Kaim Andrea , Lee Heera , Reinermann Sophie , Koellner Thomas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlpine and pre-Alpine grasslands provide numerous ecosystem services including provisioning services (e.g. fodder production), regulating services (e.g. soil erosion reduction), and cultural services (e.g. recreation). While intensively managed grasslands specifically target the production of fodder, more extensively used grasslands are known for being hotspots of biodiversity. However, there is a need to better understand the relationship among the supply of ecosystem services, specifically regarding the use of grasslands for cultural ecosystem services such as recreation. In this study, we investigated the synergies and trade-offs of ecosystem services and analyzed underlying variables related to the recreational use of grasslands. We investigated the supply of recreation (indicated by Photo-User-Days from geo-tagged photos on grasslands), fodder production (indicated by yield), and regulating and habitat ecosystem services (indicated by agri-environmental payments), and analyzed their relationship to management-related variables with a Redundancy Analysis. To better explain the recreational use of grasslands, we further analyzed how environmental and infrastructural features influence the occurrence of Photo-User-Days with a hurdle regression. Finally, we conducted spatial analyses to understand the distribution of Photo-User-Days in space. We found a weak but significant negative relationship between Photo-User-Days and yield, which implies that people slightly prefer extensive grassland to intensive grassland for recreation. Our results also show that agri-environmental schemes targeted towards extensive grassland management can positively influence the recreational use. Other factors, such as proximity to touristic features (e.g. castles), presence of infrastructural features (e.g. cable cars), and environmental characteristics (e.g. low share of croplands, distance to forests), also influenced the spatial distribution of photos on grasslands. The importance of these factors underscores the value of grasslands as a component of the cultural landscape for recreational purposes. These results also suggest that cultural ecosystem services of grasslands can be considered to be co-produced by natural, social, and infrastructural components. The study further discusses limitations to the explanatory power of geo-tagged photo analysis to determine the wide range of cultural ecosystem services of grasslands. We conclude that grasslands play an important role for recreation in (pre-)Alpine landscapes, which can also be effectively supported through targeted agri-environmental payments.
External relations, regional productivity, and exogenous shocks: lessons from the Italian experience
Authors: Bettarelli Luca , Resmini Laura 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study provides novel insights into the debate concerning the external drivers of productivity at local (NUTS-3) level. In particular, it explores the role played by global production networks, measured through ownership ties among multinational firms and their subsidiaries abroad, in shaping patterns of productivity growth of local economies. Focusing on the Italian experience and using spatial econometrics techniques, the article demonstrates that external relations play a crucial role in sustaining the productivity of Italian provinces, even during periods of severe economic downturns, like the Great Recession. In detail, productivity growth is positively correlated with the Intensity of the networks established by multinational firms and their geographical dispersion.