bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Biomarkers after Adenotonsillectomy for Pediatric OSA: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ding Yichen , Koh Jin Hean , Cheah Xing Yi , Yeo Brian Sheng Yep , Leong Darien W.J. , Teo Yao Hao , Tan Benjamin Kye Jyn , See Anna , Toh Song Tar 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo assess whether adenotonsillectomy improves levels of inflammatory and cardiometabolic markers in children with polysomnographically diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Data SourcesTwo authors independently searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to August 16, 2022, for studies relating to pre‐ and post‐operative levels of serum markers in pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy.Review MethodsData were extracted from included articles into a structured proforma. Meta‐analyses of the standardized mean difference (SMD) were conducted in random‐effects models. We calculated the probability of benefit (POB) and number needed to treat (NNT) for outcomes that demonstrated a statistically significant effect after adenotonsillectomy. The primary outcomes were changes in serum markers including C‐reactive protein (CRP), high‐sensitivity CRP (hs‐CRP), Insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL).ResultsWe screened 1616 studies and included 26 studies with 1331 participants. Meta‐analysis was performed on 20 of the included studies. Adenotonsillectomy was associated with a significant decrease in insulin levels (SMD = −0.322, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = −0.583 to −0.061), CRP (SMD = −0.946, 95% CI = −1.578 to −0.314), and BNP (SMD = −1.416, 95% CI = −2.355 to −0.477) and significant increase in levels of IGF‐1 (SMD = 0.691, 95% CI = 0.207 to 1.176). There were no significant changes in levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, TNF‐α, LDL, HDL, glucose, IL‐10, and IL‐6.ConclusionIn children with polysomnographically diagnosed OSA, adenotonsillectomy was associated with improvements in serum biomarkers, comprising lower CRP, insulin, and BNP, and higher IGF‐1. Laryngoscope, 134:3030–3037, 2024
Phytoremediation of heavy metal and tetracycline co‐contaminated soil by Solanum nigrum L.: Response of tetracycline‐resistant genes
Authors: Li Lin , Guo Ruichao , Ma Wencong , Liu Huan , Chang Zhuobin , Li Xuhui , Wang Yulong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCo‐contamination with heavy metals (HMs) and tetracyclines (TCs) in soils has been widely reported and has resulted in serious consequences, such as the diffusion of tetracycline‐resistant genes (TRGs). Phytoremediation displays high potential for the remediation of co‐contaminated soils. Here, we chose a Cd hyperaccumulator (Solanum nigrum L.) to explore the accumulation of HMs in plants and the effect of TRG diffusion in HM‐TC‐contaminated soil by conducting a pot experiment. The results showed that the shoot biomass of S. nigrum L. decreased by 28.39%–73.00% in treatments with HM (Cd and Cu) contamination singly caused by the toxicity of a nontarget element (Cu). The Cd concentrations in S. nigrum L. shoots increased by 30 times, while the Cu concentrations increased by less than 3 times. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and translocation factors (TFs) of Cd ranged from 1.05 to 7.98 and 0.80 to 2.27, respectively, which decreased with increasing TC concentrations in most treatments. The TC residuals in soils increased greatly with increasing TC and HM concentrations. Their concentrations in S. nigrum L. tissues followed the order chlorotetracycline > tetracycline > oxytetracycline. Phytoremediation stimulated the growth of soil microorganisms and increased the abundance of mobile genetic elements (intI 1) and TRGs, especially efflux pump genes (tet C and tet G, which increased 2.97 and 4.13 logs after phytoremediation, respectively). Our results suggested that phytoremediation had a high potential for HM and TC removal; however, it increased the diffusion risk of TRGs, especially for efflux pump genes that functioned in both HM and TC resistance.
A quantitative analysis of Twitter (“X”) trends in the discussion of rhinoplasty
Authors: Mandava Shreya , Oyer Samuel L. , Park Stephen S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionRhinoplasty is one of the most common cosmetic surgical procedures performed globally. Twitter, also known as “X,” is used by both patients and physicians and has been studied as a useful tool for analyzing trends in healthcare. The public social media discourse of rhinoplasty has not been previously reported in the field of otolaryngology. The goal of this study was to characterize the most common user type, sentiment, and temporal trends in the discussion of rhinoplasty on Twitter to guide facial plastic surgeons in their clinical and social media practices.MethodsA total of 1,427,015 tweets published from 2015 to 2020 containing the keywords “rhinoplasty” or “nose job” were extracted using Twitter Academic API. Tweets were standardized and filtered for spam and duplication. Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms and data visualization techniques were applied to characterize tweets.ResultsSignificantly more “nose job” tweets (80.8%) were published compared with “rhinoplasty” (19.2%). Annual tweet frequency increased over the 5 years, with “rhinoplasty” tweets peaking in January and “nose job” tweets peaking in the summer and winter months. Most “rhinoplasty” tweets were linked to a surgeon or medical practice source, while most “nose job” tweets were from isolated laypersons. While discussion was positive in sentiment overall (M = +0.08), “nose job” tweets had lower average sentiment scores (P < .001) and over twice the proportion of negative tweets. The top 20 most prolific accounts contributed to 14,758 (10.6%) of total “rhinoplasty” tweets. Exactly 90% (18/20) of those accounts linked to non‐academic surgeons compared with 10% (2/20) linked to academic surgeons.ConclusionsRhinoplasty‐related posts on Twitter were cumulatively positive in sentiment and tweet volume is steadily increasing over time, especially during popular holiday months. The search term “nose job” yields significantly more results than “rhinoplasty,” and is the preferred term of non‐healthcare users. We found a large digital contribution from surgeons and medical practices, particularly in the non‐academic and private practice sector, utilizing Twitter for promotional purposes.
Hit or miss? Impact of time series resolution on resolving phytoplankton dynamics at hourly, weekly, and satellite remote sensing frequencies
Authors: Sonnet Virginie , Mouw Colleen B. , Ciochetto Audrey B. , Carney‐Almeida Jessica 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCharacterizing marine phytoplankton community variability is crucial to designing sampling strategies and interpreting time series. Satellite remote sensing, microscopy sampling, and flow through imaging systems have widely different resolutions: from weekly or monthly with microscopy sampling to daily when no cloud cover or glint is present with polar‐orbiting satellites, and hourly for autonomous imaging instruments. To improve our understanding of data robustness against sampling resolution at different taxonomic levels, we analyze 2 yr of data from an Imaging FlowCytobot with hourly resolution and resample it to daily, satellite‐temporal, and weekly microscopy sampling resolution. We show that weekly and satellite‐temporal resolutions are sufficient to resolve general community composition but that the randomness of satellite‐temporal resolution can result in overrepresenting or underrepresenting certain categories. While the yearly phytoplankton biomass bloom is detected in late winter by all four resolutions, category‐specific yearly blooms are generally consistent in timing but often underestimated or missed by the weekly and satellite‐temporal resolutions, introducing a bias in year‐to‐year comparisons. A minimum of biweekly sampling, particularly during known bloom periods, would lower the bias in such categories. Similarly, sampling time should be considered as daily variations are category‐specific. Overall, morning and low tide sampling tended to have higher biomass. We provide tables for categories detected by the IFCB in Narragansett Bay with their major bloom characteristics and recorded daily variability to inform future sampling designs. These results provide tools to interpret past and future time series, including possible detection of specific taxonomic groups with targeted satellite algorithms.
Navigating energy landscapes for materials discovery: Integrating modeling, simulation, and machine learning
Authors: Mannan Sajid , Bihani Vaibhav , Krishnan N. M. Anoop , Mauro John C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe energy landscape represents a high‐dimensional mapping of the configurational states of an atomic system with their respective energies. Under isobaric conditions, enthalpy landscapes can be used to account for volumetric changes of the system. Understanding the energy or enthalpy landscape holds the key for discovering materials with targeted properties, since the landscape encapsulates the complete thermodynamic and kinetic behavior of a system, including relaxation, metastable phases, and reactivity. However, the curse of dimensionality prohibits one from enumerating and visualizing the energy landscape—the energy landscape of an N‐atom system has 3N dimensions. Here, we outline the emerging computational techniques that allow the exploration of complex energy landscapes of materials in three distinct categories: the classical, metaheuristic, and machine learning approaches. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with each of these methods, with a focus on the nature of problems where they can provide excellent solutions (and vice versa). Altogether, in addition to giving an overview of existing approaches, we hope the review provides an impetus to develop novel methods to explore the energy landscapes that can, in turn, provide both a fundamental understanding of the physics of materials and accelerate the discovery of novel materials.
Quantitative measurement of mammographic density in breast‐tissue explants using portable NMR: Precision and accuracy
Authors: Foongkajornkiat Satcha , Sokolowski Kamil , Stephenson James , Lloyd Thomas , Hugo Honor J. , Thompson Erik W. , Momot Konstantin I. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeSingle‐sided portable NMR (pNMR) has previously been demonstrated to be suitable for quantification of mammographic density (MD) in excised breast tissue samples. Here we investigate the precision and accuracy of pNMR measurements of MD ex vivo as compared with the gold standards.MethodsForty‐five breast‐tissue explants from 9 prophylactic mastectomy patients were measured. The relative tissue water content was taken as the MD‐equivalent quantity. In each sample, the water content was measured using some combination of three pNMR techniques (apparent T2, diffusion, and T1measurements) and two gold‐standard techniques (computed microtomography [μCT] and hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] histology). Pairwise correlation plots and Bland–Altman analysis were used to quantify the degree of agreement between pNMR techniques and the gold standards.ResultsRelative water content measured from both apparent T2relaxation spectra, and diffusion decays exhibited strong correlation with the H&E and μCT results. Bland–Altman analysis yielded average bias values of −0.4, −2.6, 2.6, and 2.8 water percentage points (pp) and 95% confidence intervals of 13.1, 7.5, 11.2, and 11.8 pp for the H&E – T2, μCT – T2, H&E – diffusion, and μCT – diffusion comparison pairs, respectively. T1‐based measurements were found to be less reliable, with the Bland–Altman confidence intervals of 27.7 and 33.0 pp when compared with H&E and μCT, respectively.ConclusionApparent T2‐based and diffusion‐based pNMR measurements enable quantification of MD in breast‐tissue explants with the precision of approximately 10 pp and accuracy of approximately 3 pp or better, making pNMR a promising measurement modality for radiation‐free quantification of MD.
Quasi‐steady‐state (QUASS) reconstruction enhances T1 normalization in apparent exchange‐dependent relaxation (AREX) analysis: A reevaluation of T1 correction in quantitative CEST MRI of rodent brain tumor models
Authors: Sun Phillip Zhe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeThe apparent exchange‐dependent relaxation (AREX) analysis has been proposed as an effective means to correct T1 contribution in CEST quantification. However, it has been recognized that AREX T1 correction is not straightforward if CEST scans are not performed under the equilibrium condition. Our study aimed to test if quasi‐steady‐state (QUASS) reconstruction could boost the accuracy of the AREX metric under common non‐equilibrium scan conditions.Theory and MethodsNumerical simulation and in vivo scans were performed to assess the AREX metric accuracy. The CEST signal was simulated under different relaxation delays, RF saturation amplitudes, and durations. The AREX was evaluated as a function of the bulk water T1 and labile proton concentration using the multiple linear regression model. AREX MRI was also assessed in brain tumor rodent models, with both apparent CEST scans and QUASS reconstruction.ResultsSimulation showed that the AREX calculation from apparent CEST scans, under non‐equilibrium conditions, had significant dependence on labile proton fraction ratio, RF saturation time, and T1. In comparison, QUASS‐boosted AREX depended on the labile proton fraction ratio without significant dependence on T1 and RF saturation time. Whereas the apparent (2.7 ± 0.8%) and QUASS MTR asymmetry (2.8 ± 0.8%) contrast between normal and tumor regions of interest (ROIs) were significant, the difference was small. In comparison, AREX contrast between normal and tumor ROIs calculated from the apparent CEST scan and QUASS reconstruction was 3.8 ± 1.1%/s and 4.4 ± 1.2%/s, respectively, statistically different from each other.ConclusionsAREX analysis benefits from the QUASS‐reconstructed equilibrium CEST effect for improved T1 correction and quantitative CEST analysis.
Efficacy of ravulizumab in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis by time from diagnosis: A post hoc subgroup analysis of the CHAMPION MG study
Authors: Howard James F. , Vu Tuan , Mantegazza Renato , Kushlaf Hani , Suzuki Shigeaki , Wiendl Heinz , Beasley Kathleen N. , Liao Serena , Meisel Andreas ,   the CHAMPION MG Study Group
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe CHAMPION MG study demonstrated that ravulizumab significantly improved Myasthenia Gravis‐Activities of Daily Living (MG‐ADL) and Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) total scores versus placebo in adults with acetylcholine receptor antibody‐positive generalized myasthenia gravis (AChR+ gMG). This post hoc analysis aimed to assess these outcomes by time from MG diagnosis.MethodsChanges from baseline to week 26 in MG‐ADL and QMG total scores were analyzed by time from MG diagnosis to study entry (≤2 vs. >2 years). Within each subgroup, least‐squares (LS) mean changes for ravulizumab and placebo were compared using mixed models for repeated measures.ResultsIn ravulizumab‐treated patients, differences in LS mean (standard error of the mean) changes from baseline to week 26 were not statistically significant in the ≤2‐years subgroup versus the >2‐years subgroup for MG‐ADL (−4.3 [0.70] vs. −2.9 [0.37]; p = .0511) or QMG (−4.3 [0.94] vs. −2.5 [0.50]; p = .0822) scores. No clear trends were observed in the placebo group. LS mean changes from baseline were significantly greater for ravulizumab versus placebo in both the ≤2 and >2 years from diagnosis subgroups for MG‐ADL and QMG scores (all p < .05). The difference in treatment effect between the ≤2‐years and >2‐years subgroups was not statistically significant. No clinically meaningful between‐subgroup differences in treatment‐emergent adverse events were observed in ravulizumab‐treated patients.DiscussionRavulizumab treatment improved clinical outcomes for patients with AChR+ gMG regardless of time from diagnosis. A numerical trend was observed favoring greater treatment effect with earlier versus later treatment after diagnosis. Further studies are required for confirmation.
Preparation and properties of polyvinylidene fluoride dielectric nanocomposites for energy storage applications through synergistic addition of ionic liquid‐modified graphene oxide nanosheets and functionalized barium titanate hybrid fillers
Authors: Ni Keyang , Yang Shangke , Jing Siyi , Bian Jun , Luo Rui , Li Xinkang , Lin Hailan , Chen Daiqiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo tackle the challenge of filler agglomeration and low interfacial bonding strength during manufacturing filled polymer dielectric nanocomposites containing graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, the author proposed an interface design strategy based on the synergistic hybridization of ionic liquid (IL) modification and different dimensional fillers. GO nanosheets were functionalized by IL, and then polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) dielectric nanocomposites (GO‐g‐IL/PVDF) were prepared and evaluated. Based on this, hydroxylated barium titanate BT‐OH@GO‐g‐IL/PVDF ternary nanocomposites were further prepared. A comprehensive analysis of the morphology, mechanical, thermal, electrical, and dielectric properties of the PVDF dielectric nanocomposites was systematically conducted. The results showed that IL was successfully grafted on GO, benefiting an increase in the filler dispersion and interfacial bonding strength. GO‐g‐IL also promoted β‐crystal formation of PVDF and increment of crystallinity. DSC test further revealed that the inclusion of BT‐OH@GO‐g‐IL as dielectric nanofillers promoted the formation of multiple crystal types in PVDF and accelerated the crystallization process. The incorporation of GO‐g‐IL facilitated the formation of localized conductive networks within the PVDF matrix, leading to enhanced electronic displacement polarization and an improved dielectric constant. The dielectric constants of the GO‐g‐IL/PVDF composites containing 2% and 8% of GO‐g‐IL were measured to be 24.28 and 78.46, which were found to be 2.6 and 8.4 times higher than that of pure PVDF. However, the dielectric loss also increased sharply at high nanofiller loading. The dielectric constant and loss of the BT‐OH@GO‐g‐IL/PVDF nanocomposites were found to be 40.32 and 0.38, with a content of 2% for GO‐g‐IL and 20% for BT‐OH.Highlights
A facile interface design strategy based on ionic liquid (IL) integrating GO nanosheets and hydroxylated barium titanate (BT‐OH) to form BT‐OH@GO‐g‐IL compounding nanofiller has been proposed.
PVDF dielectric nanocomposites containing BT‐OH@GO‐g‐IL compounding nanofiller were systematically investigated and compared.
The effects of interfacial interactions between BT‐OH@GO‐g‐IL and PVDF contribute to the uniform dispersion and comprehensive property improvements of PVDF dielectric nanocomposites.
This work provides a novel strategy for the fabrication of PVDF dielectric nanocomposites, inspiring the research and development of PVDF in the energy storage applications areas in the future.
Self‐assembly and cross‐linking preparation of tilapia‐skin‐derived collagen/alginate hydrogels for efficient wound repairing
Authors: Li Yu , Wang Haonan , Li Jie , Zhang Naili , Xu Bingzheng , Li Yueming , Ding Ning , Ge Baosheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCollagen (Col)‐based composite hydrogels have attracted wide attention because of the additional properties that the second component brings to the hydrogel. Here we reported self‐assembly of collagen and cross‐linking of alginate with Ca2+ to prepare a novel composite hydrogel with Tilapia‐skin‐derived collagen and alginate for efficient wound repairing as the wound dressing. The composite hydrogels exhibited higher water content, coupled with a significant increase in water retention rates upon the incorporation of alginate. As the concentration of alginate rose, the cross‐linking network became tighter, thereby not only modifying the internal structure of the hydrogel but also enhancing its mechanical strength. Moreover, the collagen degradation rate in the composite hydrogels was greatly reduced through addition of alginate, and the collagen‐alginate composite hydrogels exhibited low cytotoxicity, and improved wound healing efficacy, accelerating the maturation of skin attachments and the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These results suggested that the composite hydrogel formed by fish‐derived collagen and alginate held promising potential as a wound dressing for challenging and refractory wounds.
Composition dependence of electronic defects in CuGaS2
Authors: Adeleye Damilola , Sood Mohit , Melchiorre Michele , Debot Alice , Siebentritt Susanne 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCuGaS2 films grown by physical vapor deposition were studied by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, using excitation intensity and temperature‐dependent analyses. We observed free and bound exciton recombinations, three donor‐to‐acceptor (DA) transitions, and deep‐level transitions. The DA transitions at ~2.41, 2.398, and ~2.29 eV are attributed to a common donor level ~35 meV and two shallow acceptors at ~75 and ~90 meV and a deeper acceptor at 210 meV above the valence band. This electronic structure is similar to those of other chalcopyrite materials. The observed DA transitions are accompanied by several phonon replicas. The Cu‐rich and near‐stoichiometric CuGaS2 films are dominated by transitions involving the acceptor at 210 meV. All films show deep‐level transitions at ~2.15 and 1.85 eV due to broad deep defect bands. The slightly Cu‐deficient films were dominated by intense transitions at ~2.45 eV, which were attributed to excitonic transitions, and a broad defect transition at 2.15 eV.
Stepwise introduction of stabilizing mutations reveals nonlinear additive effects in de novoTIM barrels
Authors: Koch Johanna‐Sophie , Romero‐Romero Sergio , Höcker Birte 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOver the past decades, the TIM‐barrel fold has served as a model system for the exploration of how changes in protein sequences affect their structural, stability, and functional characteristics, and moreover, how this information can be leveraged to design proteins from the ground up. After numerous attempts to design de novo proteins with this specific fold, sTIM11 was the first validated de novo design of an idealized four‐fold symmetric TIM barrel. Subsequent efforts to enhance the stability of this initial design resulted in the development of DeNovoTIMs, a family of de novo TIM barrels with various stabilizing mutations. In this study, we present an investigation into the biophysical and thermodynamic effects upon introducing a varying number of stabilizing mutations per quarter along the sequence of a four‐fold symmetric TIM barrel. We compared the base design DeNovoTIM0 without any stabilizing mutations with variants containing mutations in one, two, three, and all four quarters—designated TIM1q, TIM2q, TIM3q, and DeNovoTIM6, respectively. This analysis revealed a stepwise and nonlinear change in the thermodynamic properties that correlated with the number of mutated quarters, suggesting positive nonadditive effects. To shed light on the significance of the location of stabilized quarters, we engineered two variants of TIM2q which contain the same number of mutations but positioned in different quarter locations. Characterization of these TIM2q variants revealed that the mutations exhibit varying effects on the overall protein stability, contingent upon the specific region in which they are introduced. These findings emphasize that the amount and location of stabilized interfaces among the four quarters play a crucial role in shaping the conformational stability of these four‐fold symmetric TIM barrels. Analysis of de novo proteins, as described in this study, enhances our understanding of how sequence variations can finely modulate stability in both naturally occurring and computationally designed proteins.