bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meeting current challenges to DOD's conservation program
Authors: Peter Boice L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Department of Defense (DOD) is a major user of land, sea, and airspace. The steward of 25 million acres, DOD is the third‐largest federal land management department in the United States. Many rich and varied natural and cultural resources are present on DOD installations. DOD's conservation goal is to support the military mission while managing these important resources for multiple uses for future generations. DOD faces significant challenges in achieving this goal. Military mission demands on these resources are increasing, and various stakeholders have potentially conflicting ideas on how to manage and use these resources. Further, downsizing may affect DOD's ability to effectively manage these resources. Potential solutions include emphasizing regional ecosystem management, promoting new partnerships and enhancing existing ones, seeking legislative improvements, expanding training and public awareness programs, and developing new management tools and techniques.
Federal environmental market: Opportunity ahead!?
Authors: Frazier David B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article reviews emerging trends in the federal environmental market and evaluates the risks and opportunities for environmental firms into the 21st century. While the Department of Energy (DOE) and Department of Defense (DOD) continue to face substantial environmental compliance and cleanup requirements, funding levels are expected to remain flat and could actually decline due to the trade‐offs involved in the political calculus to achieve a balanced budget by the year 2002. Nevertheless, the article identifies a number of opportunities for environmental firms seeking federal business, including DOE privatization initiatives, performance‐based contracting, cleanup of DOD closing bases, and technology development (especially that focused on pollution control and prevention). The author concludes that firms that can navigate the difficult waters of the environmental market are likely to experience real growth in the future.
NEPA is a powerful collaborative planning process
Authors: Lee Judith Landry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter 25 years, the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is still highly misunderstood and inefficiently implemented. NEPA, however, incorporates the components of a quality public interdisciplinary planning process. The components that make NEPA a powerful planning process—recognition of the role of uncertainty, interpersonal collaboration, nonlinear processes, and decision making with administrative and political risk—tend to make NEPA discomforting, at best, to many managers and practitioners. NEPA is not about more “bullet‐proof” documents, more talented writers, more thorough data, more controllable public involvement processes, or even correct decisions. NEPA is about more participatory planning, incorporating the “messy” human components of values, politics, change, uncertainty, risk, strategy, emotions, and the diversity of personalities and life experiences that shape ourselves, our coping mechanisms, and our relationships. This article evaluates NEPA from the human standpoint and outlines six general techniques for effectively implementing the systematic interdisciplinary approach to planning required by NEPA.
Water planning tools for fixed military installations
Authors: Hanna‐Somers Nancy A. , Hauer Richard J. , Scott Willett J. , Langowski John F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Installation Water Resources Analysis and Planning System (IWRAPS©), developed initially for the Army, provides installation water engineers and planners with a tool that defensibly provides water requirement forecasts and conservation analysis. IWRAPS© models have also been developed for the Air Force (IWRAPS©‐AF) and the Navy and Marine Corps (IWRAPS©‐NAV). The models are automated for use within PC‐based software systems and forecast seasonally disaggregated water requirements into 21 water‐use sectors. Water conservation analysis algorithms in IWRAPS© facilitate the analysis of water conservation efforts associated with various end uses to estimate overall program efficiency. Mobilization water requirements planning can also be accomplished with IWRAPS©. The models developed for the military service branches improve estimating water requirements from conventional per capita extrapolation to a statistical water use method for predicting past and future water needs.
Sustainable development for department of defense industrial processes
Authors: Morris Virginia L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring the 1992 Rio Conference on the Environment, concerned parties agreed the world's population was rapidly outpacing the capacity of the earth to provide natural resources. The rate of consumption of nonrenewable raw materials is escalating as the world's population increases. Shortly after the Rio Conference the World Business Council on Sustainable Development was formed to develop strategies for sustainable development. This article explores the benefits of applying the concepts of sustainable development to the industrial processes of the Department of Defense (DOD) to minimize their impact on the environment, to ensure the use of renewable raw materials and to make more comprehensive decisions on alternative industrial processes that integrate economic and ecological impacts.
The military munitions rule
Authors: Green David R. , Bell David E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Federal Facility Compliance Act (FFCA) of 1992 expanded the waiver of sovereign immunity to allow imposition of fines and penalties against federal facilities for violating federal, state, and local solid and hazardous waste management requirements. Section 107 of the FFCA required the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and appropriate state officials, to propose and promulgate regulations identifying when conventional or chemical military munitions become hazardous waste subject to regulation under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The authors discuss the development of the EPA Munitions Rule and how environmental and military requirements are addressed in the rule.
Reengineering the federal planning process: A total federal planning strategy, integrating nepa with modern management tools
Authors: Eccleston Charles H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCongress established the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) more than a quarter of a century ago, yet there is a surprising lack of specific tools, techniques, and methodologies for effectively implementing these regulatory requirements. Lack of professionally accepted techniques is a principal factor responsible for many inefficiencies. Often, decisionmakers do not fully appreciate or capitalize on the true potential NEPA provides as a platform for planning future actions. New approaches and modern management tools must be adopted to fully achieve NEPA's mandate.A new strategy, referred to as Total Federal Planning, is proposed for unifying large‐scale federal planning efforts under a single, systematic, structured, and holistic process. Under this approach, the NEPA planning process provides a unifying framework for integrating all early environmental and nonenvironmental decisionmaking factors into a single, comprehensive planning process. To promote effectiveness and efficiency, modern tools and principles from the disciplines of Value Engineering, Systems Engineering, and Total Quality Management are incorporated. Properly integrated and implemented, these planning tools provide the rigorous, structured, and disciplined framework essential to achieving effective planning.The goal of a Total Federal Planning strategy is to construct a unified and interdisciplinary framework that substantially improves decisionmaking, while reducing the time, cost, redundancy, and effort necessary to comply with environmental and other planning requirements. At a time when Congress is striving to re‐engineer the governmental framework, and process, a Total Federal Planning philosophy offers a systematic approach for unifying the disjointed and convoluted planning process most federal agencies use. This philosophy has widespread implications in the way federal planning is approached.
Implications of resources management at the nevada test site
Authors: Malone Charles R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe U.S. Department of Energy's Nevada Test Site (NTS) is taking steps to implement the department's policy on long‐term stewardship of land and facilities. They are following an approach consisting of comprehensive resources management based on the federal ecosystem management initiative. Results of the program will be applied to planning new facilities and future land uses at the NTS. One important aspect will be the NTS Environmental Restoration Program, a critical factor in future uses of the site. Information acquired through resources management planning can be used at the NTS for evaluating environmental risks, deciding cleanup priorities and alternative remedial strategies, and for future land use planning. The NTS land and facilities resources management program might serve as a model for other DOE sites.
Designing a pollution prevention procurement (p3) survey: Are we getting the best of what's already available?
Authors: Cooke William J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to identify if existing pollution prevention (P2) opportunities are being fully exploited we designed a Pollution Prevention Procurement (P3) survey to examine hazardous materials (HM) procurement practices. The complete HM procurement cycle from procurement initiation, review, and execution through post‐delivery management can be examined using a series of relatively simple questionnaires. Survey questions address such areas as controls and directives requiring the use of certain HM, types and nature of any procurement controls in place (e.g., technical reviews, quantity appropriateness, orders consolidation, etc.), knowledge of alternative materials and supply sources, impediments to ordering alternative material, and feedback from end users to procurement offices.This article reveals those determinants in the procurement cycle where relatively small and simple changes can lead to reducing HM inventories and hazardous waste (HW) generations. It also highlights HM procurement “drivers” outside a particular command's control. This can help focus P2 efforts, avoiding time and effort on issues with little chance of local resolution. The P3 survey can be usefully applied to installations and activities of almost any size to better exploit existing opportunities.
Environmental noise contouring in the 21st century
Authors: Stewart Catherine M. , Luz George A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEnvironmental Noise Contouring is used by the military to mitigate noise generated by training missions. More accurate noise prediction models are being developed to improve noise contouring. These models can be used for planning by the military and local governments to ensure the health and welfare of troops and people in surrounding communities. Current noise modeling software used by the Army does not account for the varying terrain surrounding airstrips and weapons ranges. New noise models will utilize digital data, such as topography and vegetation, to create more accurate noise contours that will be displayed with Geographic Information Systems. By using GIS to its fullest potential, military installations will be able to maximize property use and minimize noise impacts to surrounding communities.
National defense center for environmental excellence
Authors: Katz Michael A. , Hudson Jerry R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence (NDCEE) was established in 1991 to provide environmental solutions for the Department of Defense (DOD). This is being accomplished through the transfer of innovative technologies and implementation of management processes at DOD installations. In response to a wide variety of Defense and other federal agency stakeholder programs, the NDCEE has established an infrastructure in excess of $50 million—including approximately 400,000 square feet of technology demonstration factory. It has conducted projects totaling over $140 million and consists of a staff of nearly 150 professionals. In conjunction with this capability, NDCEE has developed strategic alliances and support from private industry with an investment that currently exceeds $6 million. This partnership has enabled NDCEE to transfer environmental technologies to the private sector and has allowed private sector successes and lessons learned to be effectively and efficiently transferred to DOD operations.The success of the program can be demonstrated, in part, through its ability to:• Provide Corpus Christi Army Depot with research, development, test, and evaluation (RDTE) assistance and site‐installed equipment to eliminate ozone‐depleting chemicals (ODCs) from their Depot operations;• Assist Naval Aviation Depot Jacksonville with coating removal RDT&E to obtain a ten‐month payback on its $1 million investment in an ultrahigh pressure water‐jet (UHPWJ) system;• Develop an effective Environmental Cost Analysis Methodology to properly evaluate the complete life‐cycle cost of technologies and weapons systems.• Integrate a facility‐wide monitoring and management system at Tobyhanna Army Deport to ensure einvornmental compliance and toe implement pollution prevention (P2) technologies.
Confronting environmental pitfalls in industry downsizing and dod outsourcing and privatization
Authors: McAleese James 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIndustry and government executives have debated for some time the topic of outsourcing and privatization in the defense industry. Many believe that it is imperative that the obstacles to the Department of Defense's aggressive use of outsourcing and privatization be identified and that solutions be proposed to remove such obstacles. This article was written with the intent to assist organizations in identifying, minimizing, and allocating the potentially massive environmental liability that confronts contractors in any on‐site outsourcing and privatization services (i.e., depot support, coproduction and GOCOs, logistics, maintenance, remedial action contracting, and even generic “ash & trash” services). In addition, this article examines potential sources for recovery of environmental costs that contractors incur in consolidating their own facilities during discretionary downsizing or post‐merger restructuring.
The department of defense's proposed range rule
Authors: Murphy Joseph M. , Waugh Jeffrey H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe management of munitions and unexploded ordnance (UXO) and associated regulatory requirements on ranges are of paramount importance to the Department of Defense (DOD). This article will summarize the key provisions of the proposed range rule as published in the Federal Register on September 26, 1997 and its associated risk assessment methodology.
A comprehensive environmental investigation of an active artillery range
Authors: Hunt John W. , Huntington Gregory N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Michigan Department of Military Affairs (MDMA) recently completed an environmental investigation of the 27,000‐acre Range 40 artillery and air‐to‐ground complex located at the Camp Grayling Army National Guard Training Site. The study, commenced in 1992 as part of a consent order agreement between the MDMA and state regulators, is an extensive five‐phase investigation designed to measure effects to the environment as a result of over 50 years of military training at this state owned and operated installation. Conducted under a $2.2 million contract awarded to QST Environmental, Inc. (formerly Environmental Science & Engineering, Inc.), this investigation‐commonly referred to as the “Range 40 Study”‐focused on groundwater, surface waters, wetlands, soils, sediments, and fish in and around the 7,000‐acre “impact” area situated in the central northern region of Michigan's lower peninsula.Findings indicate that surface waters (lakes and streams), lake and stream sediments, groundwater, fisheries, and air quality have not been adversely impacted by explosive‐related chemicals. Findings do indicate the presence of low levels of metals in soils, lake and stream sediments, and groundwater. During the workplan process and subsequent investigations, results were obtained and lessons learned that could have implications on national defense readiness and environmental sustainability. This article will present these results and lessons learned, including:

Sustaining defense readiness through thegeneration and use of defendable scientific data.
Maintaining the training mission while protecting the environment and promoting sustainable range management. Examples include reconfiguration of ranges, realignment of white phosphorous firing boxes, and recycling of excess propellants.
The importance of an open dialogue with regulators, contractors, milita y trainers, local environmental interest groups, and citizens in preparation of sound workplans.
The incorporation of data such as historical use of ranges, soil and geological characteristics, and geographical features in determining an installation's potential for commencing a comprehensive study or sustainable range management plan.
Establishment of reliable statistically based background values.
Advantages of a phased methodology investigation.
Development of a long‐term groundwater monitoring plan.
A transition to mission‐based environmental stewardship of natural and cultural resources in the United States air force
Authors: Lillie Thomas H. , Montague J. Jerome 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFailure to comply with conservation laws can directly impact military training by limiting or delaying access to training areas because of potential impacts to archaeological sites, endangered species, or other resources. In the late 1980s, the United States Air Force adopted a compliance‐based approach for managing its environmental program. Compliance with environmental laws and regulations became the basis for prioritizing and funding proposed activities including conservation. The annual environmental budget increased and the number of unresolved regulatory enforcement actions dropped significantly during the 1990s. The compliance‐based approach was designed to respond to laws that specify deadlines or quantitative standards and impose some type of enforcement action for failure to comply. An inherent weakness in the approach is that programs must be faced with noncompliance or the threat of legal action to compete for funding. Conservation laws that address stewardship of natural and cultural resources rarely specify deadlines, quantitative standards, or monitoring for compliance. Therefore, installation commanders have limited flexibility to develop a long‐term stewardship program that supports Air Force readiness training through ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. The purpose of this article is to present and discuss a mission‐based approach to environmental stewardship of natural and cultural resources.
Next steps for management action plans in the department of defense cleanup program
Authors: Turkeltaub Robert , Ferrebee Patricia , Rowe William D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractManagement Action Plans (MAPs) are documents used to identify and monitor environmental restoration requirements, priorities, schedules, and project funding at Department of Defense (DOD) installations. Each DOD installation with cleanup requirements has a MAP which serves as a consolidated source of information on an installation's past accomplishments, current status, and future strategy through completion of response actions. Regulatory agencies and community stakeholders provide direct input to DOD's environmental restoration program at the installation‐ level through MAP development meetings and a variety of MAP review opportunities. Installation‐specific MAPs are key building blocks for DOD's overall Program Objective Memorandum (POM), environmental restoration program budget, and environmental restoration program Annual Report to Congress. This article highlights recently published DOD MAP requirements and describes the central role that a MAP plays in communicating an installation's overall approach to achieving its environmental restoration goals.
Liability reduction and clean air compliance at air combat command
Authors: Senn Mary Ruth , Spoerer William , Pursley Charles 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Clean Air Act requires much action by Air Force bases to comply with its many and varied parts. This article discusses the alternatives used at Air Combat Command Air Force bases to avoid the more onerous requirements of the latest air regulations and reduce the probability of inspection and enforcement by regulators. These methods include pollution prevention initiatives, revision of air emissions inventories to incorporate more recent guidance and remove inaccuracies, modification of permits and permit applications to include limits and the cost avoidance and other associated benefits.
Conserving the department of defense's natural and cultural resources: Recent advances, new challenges
Authors: Peter Boice L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Department of Defense (DOD) has adopted a far‐reaching and challenging conservation goal. Yet, DOD faces significant challenges in achieving this goal. DOD managers are under increasing pressure from many directions regarding how to use and manage these resources. Recent actions have resulted in decidedly mixed results for the future health of the natural and cultural resources on DOD lands. It will take continued progress through such initiatives as implementing the Sikes Act Improvement Amendments and continuing to fund DOD‐wide conservation initiatives through the Legacy program to ensure the continued health of DOD's natural and cultural resources.
The cost‐benefit analysis of pollution prevention projects—environmental cost analysis methodology (ECAM)
Authors: Thoms John R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article discusses the implementation of the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program's (ESTCP) Environmental Cost Analysis Methodology at six Department of Defense (DOD) facilities. The article documents the successful application of this methodology on innovative technologies that target urgent environmental needs as identified by the DOD. This methodology successfully identified previously undocumented savings in excess of $1.0 million where it was applied. Highlighted are increased return on investment (ROI), payback, and net present value results quantified in the application of this methodology.Through the efforts of the ESTCP and the National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence (NDCEE), operated by Concurrent Technologies Corporation (CTC), and Coopers & Lybrand, L.L.P. (C&L), the Environmental Cost Analysis Methodology (ECAMSM) was developed to provide users with a consistent and accurate tool for conducting financial analyses, especially where new technologies are being considered. Discussed in ECAM are activity‐based costing (ABC) methods and techniques used in the analysis and evaluation of new or modified technologies. The ECAM significantly improves the identification and assignment of conventional and environmental costs.