bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular Tumours in Animals*
Authors: Morgan G. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— —A wide range of tumours may affect the ocular structures in many different animals and there is a marked difference in incidence of both common and uncommon varieties. One of the most common and important neoplasms of the domestic animal is the squamous cell carcinoma of the cow. Intraocular tumours are not common, retinoblastoma for example being extremely rare. Ocular tumours in animals may be classified on the same basis as their human counterparts.SUMMARYIt has been recorded that all the spontaneous tumours in general that affect man with the exception of chorion carcinoma can also occur in animals. While tumours of the domestic animals have received most attention in the literature, there are also reports of tumours in wild animals. It is clear from the numerous articles on the tumours of domestic animals that there exists a marked difference in the incidence of both common and uncommon neoplasms. Tumours are found less frequently in animals which are often slaughtered for food at relatively early ages than in domestic pets which often survive into old age, and in laboratory animals which are often under close observation for long periods.One of the most common and important ocular tumours of the domestic animal is the squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in the cow. Intraocular tumours are not common, retinoblastoma for example being extremely rare. The ocular tumours occurring in animals are classified and reviewed in this paper, examples of these tumours are illustrated, and their incidence and aetiology are discussed.Résumé— —On connait chez de nombreuses espèces animales une grande diversité de tumeurs des organes de la vue, et la morbidité de ces tumeurs varie sensiblement, qu'il s'agisse de formes fares ou répandues. L'une des plus fréquentes et des plus importantes néoplasies observées chez les animaux domestiques est le carcinome à cellules squameuses, rencontré chez la vache. Les tumeurs intraoculaires sont peu fréquentes; les rétinoblastomes notamment sont extrêmement rares. Les tumeurs de l'oeil rencontrées chez les animaux sont susceptibles du même classement que les néoplasies analogues constatées chez l'homme.Zusammenfassung— —Die verschiedensten Tumoren können die Augenstrukturen bei vielen verschiedenen Tieren befallen, und es besteht ein deutlicher Unterschied hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit gewöhnlicher und seltener Arten. Eines der häufigsten und wichtigsten Neoplasmen des Haustiers ist das Plattenepithelcarcinom der Kuh. Intraoculare Tumoren sind nicht häufig, das Retinoblastom zum Beispiel ist äusserst selten. Die Augentumoren bei Tieren können auf der gleichen Basis wie die bein Menschen klassifiziert werden.
Canine Salmonellosis
Authors: Thompson H. , Wright N. G. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— —There have been numerous reports of the isolation of Salmonellae organisms from the faeces of dogs [Galton, et al. (1952); Cruickshank and Smith (1949)]. There is little information, however, on the pathology of canine salmonellosis; indeed, the great majority of reported cases were clinically normal. This communication describes the isolation of 3 strains of Salmonellae and the pathology associated with fatal disease in young dogs.SUMMARYThree different serotypes of Salmonellae were isolated from four cases of fatal disease in pups. The main pathological changes described were fibrinous pneumonia and necrotising hepatitis. A striking similarity was noted with the gross postmortem findings in two of the cases to these found in acute ICH infection.Résumé— —Plusieurs chercheurs ont pu isoler des salmonella dans les fèces de chien (Galton et coll., 1952; Cruikshank et Smith, 1949). On possède cependant très peu de données sur la pathologie de la salmonellose canine; dans la grande majorité des cas signalés, les sujets atteints étaient cliniquement normaux. La présente communication porte sur trois souches de salmonella isolées par l'auteur et sur la pathologie de la tnaladie sous sa forme mortelle chez le sujet jeune.Zusammenfassung— —Über die Isolierung von Salmonellae‐Organismen aus dem Faeces von Hunden gibt es zahlreiche Berichte (Galton u. Mab. [1952]; Cruickshank und Smith [1949]). Es liegen jedoch wenige Infbrmationen iiber die Pathologie der Hunde‐Salmonellose vor; die grosse Mehrzahl der Berichstfälle war sogar klinisch normal. Die vorliegende Mitteilung beschreibt die Isolierung von drei Salmonellenstämmen und die Pathologie tödlich verlaufender Erkrankungen junger Hunde.
Intraocular Malignant Melanoma in Domestic Cats*
Authors: Bellhorn R. W. , Henkind P. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— —Eight cases of intraocular malignant melanoma in domestic cats are presented and compared to these tumors in the dog and the human. The significance of the origin of all 8 cases within the anterior uvea and its relationship to vascular factors is discussed.Résumé— —On présente 8 cas de mélanome malin intra‐oculaires chez des chats domestiques et on les compare aux mêmes tumeurs observées chez le chien et l'homme. On discute la signification de l'origine dans l'uvée antérieure dans ces 8 cas et les rapports avec les facteurs vasculaires.Zusammenfassung— —Acht Fälle von intraocularem malignem Melanom bei Hauskatzen werden beschrieben und mit diesen Tumoren beim Hund und beim Menschen verglichen. Die Signifikanz des Ursprungs aller acht Fälle innerhalb der Uvea anterior und seine Beziehung zu Gefässfaktoren werden besprochen.
The Susceptibility of Six‐Week old Puppies to Canine Herpes Virus
Authors: Wright N. G. , Cornwell H. J. C. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— —Twenty‐two susceptible six‐week old puppies were given canine herpesvirus by various routes. In contrast to the generalised haemorrhagic and necrotising disease in infant puppies, the infection was extremely mild and only a few cellular foci were found in the lungs, kidneys and conjunctiva.Résumé— —Vingt deux chiots “susceptibles”, âgés de 6 semaines ont reçu le virus herpétique canin par des voies d'administration diverses. Contrairement à la forme hémorragique et nécrosante observéd chez les jeunes chiens, l'infection a été très 1égère et on n'a trouvé que quelques foyers cellulaires dans les poumons les reins et au niveau de la conjonctive.Zusammenfassung— —Zweiundzwanzig empfindliche, sechs Wochen alte Hunde erhielten HerpesVirus des Hundes auf verschiedenen Wegen. Im Gegensatz zu der generalisierten hämorrhagischen und nekrotisierenden Erkrankung bei neugeworfenen Hunden war die Infektion durch äusserst milden Verlauf gekennzeichnet, und es fanden sich nur einige wenige celluläre Foci in der Lunge, den Nieren und der Bindehaut.
The Femoral Head Prosthesis and the Dog
Authors: HUTTON W. C. , ENGLAND J. P. S. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— —Six dogs had stainless steel femoral head prostheses inserted into their ‘left hip joint’. This paper reports: (1) a method of implanting the prosthesis; (2) the clinical suitability of the shape of the prosthesis, and (3) the use of a technique for comparing post‐operative against pre‐operative gait characteristics, by determining the forces exerted by the pad and the ground.Résumé— —‐L'auteur a effectué, chez six chiens, le remplacement du la tête de fémur de la hanche gauche par une prothèse en acier inoxydable. La communication porte sur les questions suivantes: méthode propre à I'implantation de la prothèse; observations sur la forme de la prothèse, du point de we clinique; technique permettant de comparer les caractérestiques de la démarche avant et après l'opération, grâce à la mesure de l'effort exercé par la patte du chien et de la réistance du sol.Zusammenfassung—Sechs Hunden wurden am linken Hüftgelenk Oberschenkelkopfprothesen aus rostfreiem Stahl eingesetzt. Der Artikel berichtet über (1) eine Methode, die Prothese anzubringen; (2) die klinische Zweckdienlichkeit der Prothese und (3) eine Methode, die Eigenschaften der Gangart vor und nach der Operation durch Bestimmung der von der Pfote und dem Boden bewirkten Kräfte zu vergleichen.
The Pathology of Unilateral Pyometra in the Bitch
Authors: Whitney J. C. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— —Twelve cases of Unilateral Pyometra are described with particular reference to the pathology of the genital tract.As a result of this study, it was concluded that the disparity in size between the two uterine horns was due to interference with drainage from one horn. The causes of obstruction of the uterine lumen are discussed, in particular, torsion of the uterus and stenosis of the lumen which is of significance in all forms of pyometra.One case that might be described as true Unilateral Pyometra was observed.
Observations based upon the Surgical Repair of 106 Cases of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Authors: Singleton W. B. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— Points in relation to anterior cruciate ligament rupture are considered in the light of 106 clinical cases involving ninety‐eight dogs. Data is given regarding breed age and sex of animals in the series as well as observations on arthritic changes associated with this injury. A case is made for surgical repair in view of clinical and experimental findings and the author's technique for re‐stabilization is described.Resumé— n considère les circonstances d'apparition de la rupture du ligament croisé antérieur du chien à la lumière de 106 cas cliniques portant sur 98 chiens. On rapporte des données concernant la race, l'âge et le sexe des animaux de ce groupe, aussi bien que les observations concernant les modifications articulaires associées à cette affection. Une place est faite aux réparations chirurgicales a la lumière des observations cliniques et expérimentales et la technique de réduction qu'utilisent les auteurs des décrite.Zusammenfassung— Gesichtspunkte, die in Beziehung zum Riss des vorderen Kreuzbandsstehen, werden an Hand von 106 klinischen Fällen, die 98 Hunde betreffen, besprochen. Es werden Daten des Alters und Geschlechts der Tiere sowie Beobachtungen arthritischer Veränderungen im Zusam‐menhang mit dieser Verietzung mitgeteilt. Klinische und experimentelle Ergebnisse sprechen für einen chirurgischen Eingriff, und die Technik des Auton für die Restabilisierung wird beschreiben.
Some Observations on the Occurance of Legg‐Calvé‐Perthes' Disease (Coxaplana) in the Dog, and an Evaluation of Excision Arthroplasty as a Method of Treatment
Authors: Lee R. , Fry P. D. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A survey of the cases of Legg‐Calvé‐Perthes' Disease (L.C.P.) in the dog seen at the Glasgow University Veterinary Hospital over a period of 13 years (1955–1968) is reported. Breed, sex and leg incidence are recorded, and the age at which clinical signs were first noted, were assessed. An evaluation of the results of treatment of 50 cases treated medically and 65 cases treated by excision arthroplasty is presented. These results indicate surgical treatment achieves significantly better results, together with a much shorter recovery period.Résumé— On présente une revue des cas de Maladie de LEGG‐CALVE‐PERTHES (coxa plana) chez le chien, qui ont été observés à I'Hôpital Vétérinaire de 1'Université de Glasgow pendant une période de 13 ans (1955–1968). On a relevÉ la fréquence en fonction de la race, du sexe et du membre atteint, ainsi que l'âge auquel les signes cliniques ont été notés pour la première fois.On présente une appréciation des résultats du traitement de 50 cas traités médicalement, et de 65 cas traités par exérèse suivie d'une arthroplastie. Ces résultats indiquent que le traitement chirurgical permet d'obtenir des résultats significativement meilleurs en même temps qu'une guérison plus rapide.Zusammenfassung— Es wird eine Übersicht der Fälle von Legg‐Calvé‐Perthesscher Krankheit (LCP) beim Hunde gegeben, die in einem Zeitraum von dreizehn Jahren (1955–1968) im Veterinary Hospital der Glasgow University beobachtet wurden. Rasse, Geschlecht und Häufigkeit werden angeführt, ebenso das Alter, in dem klinische Anzeichen zuerst auftraten.Die Ergebnisse von 50 Fällen konservativer Behandlung und von 65 Fällen von Excisionsarthro‐plasie werden mitgeteilt. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mit der chirurgischen Behandlung wesentlich bessere Resultate erzielt werden und die Wiederherstellungszeit bedeutend verkürzt wird.
Effect of Estradiol, Testosterone, Cortisone Acetate, Somatotropin, Thyrotropin and Parathyroid Hormone on the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc in Growing Dogs*
Authors: Paatsama S. , Rissanen P. , Rokkanen P. 
Published: May 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of estradiol, testosterone, cortisone acetate, somatotropin, thyro‐tropin and parathyroid hormone on the 2nd lumbar intervertebral disc in 18 growing dogs of non‐chondrodystropic breeds was investigated. Thirteen dogs aged one week to ten months were used as controls. Five of these were of the same litters as the hormone treated dogs. The results were estimated histologically and histochemically. Changes in the annulus fibrosus were observed especially in the groups treated with estradiol, testosterone, thyrotropin and to a lesser extent in the groups treated with somatotropin and cortisone acetate. Especially with the larger doses, the metachromasia of the intercellular substance increased, the structure became looser, fragmentation and homogenization occurred.
Glutamate racemase as a target for drug discovery
Authors: Fisher Stewart L. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryThe bacterial cell wall is a highly cross‐linked polymeric structure consisting of repeating peptidoglycan units, each of which contains a novel pentapeptide substitution which is cross‐linked through transpeptidation. The incorporation ofd‐glutamate as the second residue is strictly conserved across the bacterial kingdom. Glutamate racemase, a member of the cofactor‐independent, two‐thiol‐based family of amino acid racemases, has been implicated in the production and maintenance of sufficientd‐glutamate pool levels required for growth. The subject of over four decades of research, it is now evident that the enzyme is conserved and essential for growth across the bacterial kingdom and has a conserved overall topology and active site architecture; however, several different mechanisms of regulation have been observed. These traits have recently been targeted in the discovery of both narrow and broad spectrum inhibitors. This review outlines the biological history of this enzyme, the recent biochemical and structural characterization of isozymes from a wide range of species and developments in the identification of inhibitors that target the enzyme as possible therapeutic agents.
Community structure and antibiotic production of Streptomyces nodosus bioreactors cultured in liquid environments
Authors: Pereira Tanya , Nikodinovic Jasmina , Nakazono Chojin , Dennis Gary R. , Barrow Kevin D. , Chuck Jo‐Anne 
Published: May 2008

SummaryImmobilized bacteria are being assessed by industry for drug delivery, novel fermentation systems and the protection of organisms in harsh environments. Alginate bioreactors containing Streptomyces nodosus were examined for community structure, cell viability and amphotericin production under different growth conditions. When cell proliferation was encouraged, substrate hyphae were found inside the alginate matrix and within multicellular projections on the surface of the capsule. The periphery of these projections had erect and branched hyphae, morphologically identical to aerial hyphae. Antibiotic production from immobilized organisms was assessed using conditioned culture medium to eliminate the emergence of a free‐dwelling population. These organisms sporulated with reduced antibiotic production compared with free‐dwelling cultures. The commitment to sporulate was independent of a surface but dependent on community size and nutritional status. This is the first report of the sporulation of S. nodosus in liquid cultures and description of the multicellular community the organism adopts at a solid–liquid interface.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: DA ROSA ALINE COELHO , LESSINGER ANA CLÁUDIA , DE AZEREDO‐ESPIN ANA MARIA LIMA , TORRES TATIANA TEIXEIRA 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), is a cosmopolitan livestock pest that has caused a great negative impact on the animal production sector throughout the world. Here, we describe 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from H. irritans. The number of alleles found ranged from two to eight per locus and the expected heterozygosity from 0.1421 to 0.7702. These loci are potentially useful for the fine‐scale genetic characterization of horn fly populations and provide fundamental information for pest management and planning of control programs.
New microsatellite loci isolated from the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus characterized in two cricket species, Gryllus bimaculatus and Gryllus campestris
Authors: BRETMAN AMANDA , DAWSON DEBORAH A. , HORSBURGH GAVIN J. , TREGENZA TOM 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe have developed a new set of 27 polymorphic markers for each of two cricket species, Gryllus bimaculatus and Gryllus campestris. Initially, 14 published G. bimaculatus loci were tested in G. campestris; however, only five loci were polymorphic. Therefore, we isolated an additional 50 new microsatellite loci from G. bimaculatus and tested these in both species. In a minimum of 20 individuals, 27 of the new loci were polymorphic in G. bimaculatus and 25 in G. campestris.
Microsatellite markers for the red band needle blight pathogen, Dothistroma septosporum
Authors: BARNES I , CORTINAS M. N , WINGFIELD M. J , WINGFIELD B. D 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTwelve microsatellite markers were developed for population analyses of the fungal pathogen, Dothistroma septosporum. Intersimple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction (ISSR‐PCR) and an enrichment protocol (fast isolation by amplified fragment length polymorphism of sequences containing repeats [FIASCO]) were both used to identify 28 unique microsatellite regions in the genome. From 22 primer pairs designed, 12 were polymorphic. These markers, screened on two populations representing 42 isolates, produced 40 alleles across all loci with an allelic diversity of 0.09–0.76 per locus. Cross‐species amplification showed variable success with Dothistroma rhabdoclinis and Mycosphaerella dearnessi and some sequence variation within isolates of Dothistroma pini. These markers will be used to further study the population structure and diversity of D. septosporum.
A Structural Model of the Venous Wall Considering Elastin Anisotropy
Authors: Rezakhaniha Rana , Stergiopulos Nikos 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The three-dimensional biomechanical behavior of the vascular wall is best described by means of strain energy functions. Significant effort has been devoted lately in the development of structure-based models of the vascular wall, which account for the individual contribution of each major structural component (elastin, collagen, and vascular smooth muscle). However, none of the currently proposed structural models succeeded in simultaneously and accurately describing both the pressure-radius and pressure-longitudinal force curves. We have hypothesized that shortcomings of the current models are, in part, due to unaccounted anisotropic properties of elastin. We extended our previously developed biomechanical model to account for elastin anisotropy. The experimental data were obtained from inflation-extension tests on facial veins of five young white New Zealand rabbits. Tests have been carried out under a fully relaxed state of smooth muscle cells for longitudinal stretch ratios ranging from 100% to 130% of the in vivo length. The experimental data (pressure-radius, pressure-force, and zero-stress-state geometries) provided a complete biaxial mechanical characterization of rabbit facial vein and served as the basis for validating the applicability and accuracy of the new biomechanical model of the venous wall. When only the pressure-radius curves were fitted, both the anisotropic and the isotropic models gave excellent results. However, when both pressure-radius and pressure-force curves are simultaneously fitted, the model with isotropic elastin shows an average weighted residual sum of squares of 8.94 and 23.9 in the outer radius and axial force, respectively, as compared to averages of 6.07 and 4.00, when anisotropic elastin is considered. Both the Alkaike information criterion and Schwartz criterion show that the model with the anisotropic elastin is more successful in predicting the data for a wide range of longitudinal stretch ratios. We conclude that anisotropic description of elastin is required for a full 3D characterization of the biomechanics of the venous wall.
A Facile Synthesis of Pyrazolines from Baylis–Hillman Adducts
Authors: Yadav J S , Singh A P , Bhunia D C , Basak A K , Srihari P 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Baylis–Hillman adducts undergo smooth 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with ethyl diazoacetate in the presence of 2-iodoxybenzoic acid to produce pyrazolines in high yields under mild reaction conditions.
The Influence of Residual Stresses on the Fatigue Strength of Cold-Formed Structural Tubes
Authors: Heinilä Sami , Björk Timo , Marquis Gary 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Rectangular hollow sections (RHS) are widely used in load-carrying structures due to their good load transfer behavior and aesthetic form. During fabrication of a cold-formed rectangular hollow section (CFRHS), the concave inside corner surfaces experience significant compressive plastic strains. The resulting tensile residual stresses in the corner region significantly reduce the fatigue strength in some design applications. Sections cut from CFRHSs with two different wall thicknesses were studied using distortion fatigue loading and using X-ray diffraction residual stress measurements. Residual stresses and fatigue strengths were virtually identical for the two thicknesses even though the corner radius to thickness ratio was different. Residual stresses were found to significantly influence those corners subjected to compression-compression loading. Fatigue strength of these corners was improved by a stress relief heat treatment, but the treatment had no significant effect on corners subjected to tension-tension loading.
A Comparison of Two Crush Test Methods for Honeycombs Under Compression and Shear
Authors: Hong Sung-Tae , Pan Jwo , Tyan Tau , Prasad Priya 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Two different crush test methods for aluminum honeycombs under compression and shear loads with respect to the out-of-plane direction are presented in this paper. The honeycomb specimen geometry and the test fixtures for the two test methods are first presented. The combined load method used a test frame with two actuators and the inclined load method employed a multiaxial load cell. The experimental results obtained from the two test methods are presented. The experimental results in terms of the normal crush and shear strengths obtained from the combined and inclined load methods are quite consistent. The experimental results also indicate that under inclined loads, neglecting the constraint force can result in significant error, and the error due to the negligence of the constraint force becomes more pronounced as the inclined loading angle and the in-plane orientation angle increase.