bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OEIS complex: prenatal ultrasound and autopsy findings
Authors: Ben‐Neriah Z. , Withers S. , Thomas M. , Toi A. , Chong K. , Pai A. , Velscher L. , Vero S. , Keating S. , Taylor G. , Chitayat D. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo describe prenatal ultrasound and autopsy findings in fetuses with OEIS (omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus, spina bifida) complex.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of the nine cases with OEIS complex diagnosed at our center using detailed fetal ultrasound during the last 10 years. We summarized the fetal ultrasound findings that led to the diagnosis and compared them with the autopsy results.ResultsAll affected fetuses were diagnosed using detailed fetal ultrasound after 16 weeks' gestation. The main prenatal findings were omphalocele, skin‐covered lumbosacral neural tube defect, non‐visualized bladder and limb defects. Prenatal sonography failed to detect the abnormal genitalia, bladder exstrophy and anal atresia. All cases had abnormalities in a ‘diaper distribution’, which helped in making the prenatal diagnosis. Eight of the nine couples chose to terminate the pregnancies following multidisciplinary counseling. The pregnancy that was continued was a case with dizygotic twins discordant for OEIS, and the affected fetus died in utero.ConclusionsThe combination of the following ultrasound findings: ventral wall defect, spinal defect and a non‐visualized bladder with or without limb defects, are characteristic of OEIS complex. Diagnosis can be made with confidence as early as 16 weeks' gestation, although earlier diagnosis may be possible. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of lysozyme on plasma membranes of liver and heart cells: Lectin binding assay
Authors: Mikaelyan M.V. , Poghosyan G.G. , Stepanyan I.E. , Gasparyan V.K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractLectin binding assay was applied to polyacrylamide slices to study the effects of lysozyme on carbohydrate profile of plasma membranes from liver and heart tissues. The investigations were carried out on polyacrylamide slices immobilized with wheat germ agglutinin or Concanavalin A. It was shown that lysozyme changes the carbohydrate profile of plasma membranes of liver and heart cells.
Effects of taxol treatment on the microtubular system and mitochondria of Tetrahymena
Authors: Kovács P. , Csaba G. , Pállinger Éva , Czaker Renate 
Published: January 2007

AbstractComplex investigation was done using immunocytochemical confocal microscopy, electron microscopy and flow cytometry on the effect of taxol to the microtubular arrangement and dynamics. The most interesting phenomenon was the rapid disappearance of transversal microtubule bands, while longitudinal microtubule bands remained and were submitted to the known effects of taxol. There was a broad variation in mitochondrial effect, some of them remained normal, while others swollen, desintegrated and their tubules disoriented. Treatment with 50 nM taxol significantly reduced the binding of anti α‐tubulin antibody and a lesser degree anti‐acetylated tubulin antibody. The difference between the transversal and longitudinal microtubules is emphasized by the results and the paper discusses the possibilities of indirect effects of taxol to the transversal microtubules (tubulin‐GTP interaction, faster turnover, mitochondrial interaction). Polyglutamylation of tubulin has not a role in this difference.
Nonlinear controllers for underactuated cooperative manipulators
Authors: Siqueira A. A. G. , Terra M. H. 
Published: January 2007

SUMMARYIn this paper, two nonlinear $\mathcal{H}_{\infty}$ control techniques are used to solve the position control problem of underactuated cooperative manipulators. The first technique consists in representing the nonlinear system in a quasi-linear parameter varying form and the solution is given in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The second technique gives an explicit solution to the cooperative manipulators $\mathcal{H}_{\infty}$ control problem. The control of the squeeze force between the manipulator end-effectors and the object is also evaluated. Results obtained from an actual cooperative manipulator, which is able to work as a fully actuated and an underactuated manipulator, are presented.
Modelling the epidemiology and transmission of Verocytotoxin-producingEscherichia coliserogroups O26 and O103 in two different calf cohorts
Authors: LIU W.-C. , SHAW D. J. , MATTHEWS L. , HOYLE D. V. , PEARCE M. C. , YATES C. M. , LOW J. C. , AMYES S. G. B. , GUNN G. J. , WOOLHOUSE M. E. J. 
Published: January 2007

SUMMARYMathematical models are constructed to investigate the population dynamics of Verocytotoxin-producingEscherichia coli(VTEC) serogroups O26 and O103 in two different calf cohorts. We compare the epidemiological characteristics of these two serogroups within the same calf cohort as well as the same serogroups between the two calf cohorts. The sources of infection are quantified for both calf cohort studies. VTEC serogroups O26 and O103 mainly differ in the rate at which calves acquire infection from sources other than infected calves, while infected calves typically remain infectious for less than 1 week regardless of the serogroups. Fewer than 20% of VTEC-positive samples are the result of calf-to-calf transmission. PFGE typing data are available for VTEC-positive samples to further subdivide the serogroup data in one of the two calf cohort studies. For serogroup O26 but not O103, there is evidence for unequal environmental exposure to infection with different PFGE types.
The magnitude and distribution of infectious intestinal disease in Malta: a population-based study
Authors: GAUCI C. , GILLES H. , O'BRIEN S. , MAMO J. , STABILE I. , RUGGERI F. M. , GATT A. , CALLEJA N. , SPITERI G. 
Published: January 2007

SUMMARYRoutine sources of information on infectious intestinal disease (IID) capture a fraction of the actual disease burden. Population studies are required to measure the burden of illness. A retrospective age-stratified cross-sectional telephone study was carried out in Malta in order to estimate the magnitude and distribution of IID at population level. A random sample of 3504 persons was interviewed by a structured questionnaire between April 2004 and December 2005. The response rate was 99·7%. From the study, the observed standardized monthly prevalence was 3·18% (95% CI 0·7–5·74) with 0·421 (95% CI 0·092–0·771) episodes of IID per person per year. The monthly prevalence was higher in the <5 years age group and in females aged 31–44 years. The mean duration of illness was 6·8 days and a median duration of 3 days. A bimodal seasonal distribution was observed with peaks in June–July and October–November.
Control of Spasticity in a Multiple Sclerosis Model is mediated by CB1, not CB2, Cannabinoid Receptors
Authors: Pryce G , Baker D 
Published: January 2007

Background and Purpose:There is increasing evidence to suggest that cannabis can ameliorate muscle‐spasticity in multiple sclerosis, as was objectively shown in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. The purpose of this study was to investigate further the involvement of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in the control of experimental spasticity.Experimental approach:Spasticity was induced in wildtype and CB1‐deficient mice following the development of relapsing, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Spastic‐hindlimb stiffness was measured by the resistance to flexion against a strain gauge following the administration of CB1 and CB2 agonists.Key Results:As previously suggested, some CB2‐selective agonists (RWJ400065) could inhibit spasticity. Importantly, however, the anti‐spastic activity of RWJ400065 and the therapeutic effect of non‐selective CB1/CB2 agonists (R(+)WIN55,212–2 and CP55, 940) was lost in spastic, CB1‐deficit mice.Conclusions and Implications:The CB1 receptor controls spasticity and cross‐reactivity to this receptor appears to account for the therapeutic action of some CB2 agonists. As cannabinoid‐induced psychoactivity is also mediated by the CB1 receptor, it will be difficult to truly dissociate the therapeutic effects from the well‐known, adverse effects of cannabinoids when using cannabis as a medicine. The lack of knowledge on the true diversity of the cannabinoid system coupled with the lack of total specificity of current cannabinoid reagents makes interpretation of in vivo results difficult, if using a purely pharmacological approach. Gene knockout technology provides an important tool in target validation and indicates that the CB1 receptor is the main cannabinoid target for an anti‐spastic effect.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 150, 519–525. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707003
Pharmacological characterization and CNS effects of a novel highly selectiveα2C‐adrenoceptor antagonist JP‐1302
Authors: Sallinen J , Höglund I , Engström M , Lehtimäki J , Virtanen R , Sirviö J , Wurster S , Savola J‐M , Haapalinna A 
Published: January 2007

Background and purpose:Pharmacological validation of novel functions for the α2A‐, α2B‐, and α2C‐adrenoceptor (AR) subtypes has been hampered by the limited specificity and subtype‐selectivity of available ligands. The current study describes a novel highly selective α2C‐adrenoceptor antagonist, JP‐1302 (acridin‐9‐yl‐[4‐(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐phenyl]amine).Experimental approach:Standardin vitrobinding and antagonism assays were employed to demonstrate the α2C‐AR specificity of JP‐1302. In addition, JP‐1302 was tested in the forced swimming test (FST) and the prepulse‐inhibition of startle reflex (PPI) model because mice with genetically altered α2C‐adrenoceptors have previously been shown to exhibit different reactivity in these tests when compared to wild‐type controls.Key results:JP‐1302 displayed antagonism potencies (KBvalues) of 1,500, 2,200 and 16 nM at the human α2A‐, α2B‐, and α2C‐adrenoceptor subtypes, respectively. JP‐1302 produced antidepressant and antipsychotic‐like effects,i.e.it effectively reduced immobility in the FST and reversed the phencyclidine‐induced PPI deficit. Unlike the α2‐subtype non‐selective antagonist atipamezole, JP‐1302 was not able to antagonize α2‐agonist–induced sedation (measured as inhibition of spontaneous locomotor activity), hypothermia, α2‐agonist‐induced mydriasis or inhibition of vas deferens contractions, effects that have been generally attributed to the α2A‐adrenoceptor subtype. In contrast to JP‐1302, atipamezole did not antagonize the PCP‐induced prepulse‐inhibition deficit.Conclusions and implications:The results provide further support for the hypothesis that specific antagonism of the α2C‐adrenoceptor may have therapeutic potential as a novel mechanism for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.British Journal of Pharmacology(2007)150, 391–402. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707005
JP‐1302: a new tool to shed light on the roles ofα2C‐adrenoceptors in brain
Authors: Tricklebank M D 
Published: January 2007

The discovery of JP‐1302 as a selective, high affinity antagonist at theα2C‐adrenoceptor will enable researchers to probe the functional role and address the therapeutic utility of this potentially highly important adrenoceptor subtype.British Journal of Pharmacology(2007)150, 381–382. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707007
Statins induce S1P1 receptors and enhance endothelial nitric oxide production in response to high‐density lipoproteins
Authors: Igarashi J , Miyoshi M , Hashimoto T , Kubota Y , Kosaka H 
Published: January 2007

Background and purpose:Sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) is a serum‐borne naturally occurring sphingolipid, specifically enriched in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions. S1P binds to G‐protein‐coupled S1P1 receptors to activate endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in vascular endothelial cells. We explored whether and how statins, 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitors, modulate expression of S1P1 receptors and endothelial responses for subsequent stimulation with S1P or with HDL.Experimental approach:Protein expression and phosphorylation and mRNA expression in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were determined using immunoblots and reverse transcription PCR analyses, respectively. NO synthesis was assessed as nitrite production.Key results:Stimulation of BAEC with pitavastatin or atorvastatin led to significant increases in S1P1‐receptors, at levels of protein and mRNA, in a dose‐dependent manner. When BAEC were treated with pitavastatin prior to stimulation with S1P or with normal human HDL, phosphorylation and activation of eNOS evoked by S1P or by HDL was enhanced. These effects of statins were counteracted by L‐mevalonate and were mimicked by an inhibitor of geranylgeranyl transferase I, suggesting that inhibition of HMG‐CoA reductase activity and subsequent decreases in protein geranylgeranylation may contribute to these actions of statins. Specific knock down of S1P1 receptors by small interfering RNA led to attenuation of eNOS responses to HDL.Conclusions and implications:Statins induce S1P1 receptors and potentiate responses of endothelial cells to HDL‐associated sphingolipids, identifying a novel aspect of the pleiotropic actions of statins through which they may exert NO‐dependent vascular protective effects.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 150, 470–479. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707114
Involvement of Na+–Ca2+exchanger in cAMP‐mediated relaxation in mice aorta: Evaluation using transgenic mice
Authors: Karashima E , Nishimura J , Iwamoto T , Hirano K , Hirano M , Kita S , Harada M , Kanaide H 
Published: January 2007

Background and purpose:Although vascular smooth muscle cells are known to express the Na+–Ca2+exchanger (NCX), its functional role has remained unclear, mainly because of its relatively low expression. We thus investigated the involvement of NCX in the mechanism for the forskolin‐induced vaso‐relaxation, using wild type (WT) and transgenic (TG) mice that specifically over‐express NCX1.3 in smooth muscle.Experimental approach:We examined the relaxing effect of forskolin during the pre‐contraction induced by 100 nM U46619, a thromboxane A2analogue in the mouse isolated thoracic aorta. We also measured the intracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i) in fura‐PE3‐loaded aortic strips.Key results:The forskolin‐induced decreases in [Ca2+]iand tension were much greater in aortas from TG mice than in those from WT mice. In a low Na+solution, forskolin‐induced decreases in [Ca2+]iand tension were greatly inhibited in both groups of aortas. In WT aortas, the presence of 100 nM SEA0400, an NCX inhibitor, had only a little effect on the forskolin‐induced decreases in [Ca2+]i, but inhibited the forskolin‐induced relaxation. However, in TG aortas, the presence of SEA0400 greatly inhibited the forskolin‐induced decreases in [Ca2+]iand tension.Conclusions and Implications:The NCX was involved in the forskolin‐induced reduction of [Ca2+]iand tension in the mouse thoracic aorta. Measurement of [Ca2+]iand tension in aortas of the TG mouse is thus considered to be a useful tool for evaluating the role of NCX in vascular tissue.British Journal of Pharmacology(2007)150, 434–444. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707119
Long‐term treatment with TGFβ1 impairs mechanotransduction in bovine aortic endothelial cells
Authors: Watanabe M , Oike M , Ohta Y , Ito Y 
Published: January 2007

Background and purpose:Vascular endothelial cells play a role in the physiological response to mechanical stress. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) induces morphological changes in endothelial cells, and this may alter their mechanosensitive responses. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of TGFβ1 on hypotonic stress (HTS)‐induced responses in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs).Experimental approach:Cultured BAECs were treated with 3 ng ml‐1 TGFβ1 for 24 h (24h‐TGFβ1) or 7 days (7d‐TGFβ1). Cytosolic actin fibres were stained with rhodamine‐phalloidin. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured using fura2. Tyrosine phosphorylation and RhoA expression were assessed by Western blotting. Expression of RhoA mRNA was assessed by real‐time PCR.Key results:BAECs developed pseudopod‐like processes within 24 h and showed a fibroblast‐like appearance after 7 days. HTS induced Ca2+ transients via endogenous ATP release in both control and 24h‐TGFβ1 BAECs but not in 7d‐TGFβ1 BAECs. We have previously shown that HTS‐induced ATP release is mediated by sequential activation of RhoA and tyrosine kinases. The basal amount of membrane‐bound RhoA was significantly lower in 7d‐TGFβ1 than in 24h‐TGFβ1 or control BAECs. HTS increased the membrane‐bound RhoA to the same fractional level in 24h‐TGFβ1 and control BAECs, but its net maximal amount was significantly lower in 7d‐TGFβ1. HTS‐induced downstream signals of RhoA activation, i.e. the tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin, were markedly suppressed in 7d‐TGFβ1 BAECs.Conclusions and Implications:These results indicate that long‐term treatment with TGFβ1 does not impair mechanoreception in BAECs but impairs mechanotransduction by affecting RhoA membrane translocation.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 150, 424–433. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707123
Prevalence and causes of paediatric obesity.
Authors: Reilly J. J. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Recent estimates based on body mass index suggest that 10-20% of the paediatric population were obese in the developed world by the late 1990s. These may be conservative assessments of the extent of the paediatric obesity epidemic: secular trends in body fatness and fat distribution suggest that contemporary children and adolescents may typically be fatter than in the past, and with a more central fat distribution. This in turn suggests that lifestyle changes in children and adolescents have been pervasive. Despite its apparent physiological simplicity, aetiology of obesity is complex and remains poorly understood. Studies of energy expenditure to date have failed to confirm that low energy expenditure predisposes to obesity. More epidemiological approaches to investigating the aetiology of paediatric obesity have been limited in the past, but recent studies have been more productive, suggesting a number of aetiological or "risk" factors which are now based on reasonably sound evidence. Some of these risk factors are promising candidate behaviours for strategies aimed at obesity prevention.
SUSHI: simplifying the delivery of usage statistics
Authors: PESCH Oliver 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTIn 2005, SUSHI became the latest buzzword in the library community. This article (and this kind of SUSHI) refers to usage data, not raw fish. The growth of online collections has resulted in libraries demanding that publishers provide detailed usage data to allow them to better manage their collections and purchases. The Project COUNTER Code of Practice was created in response to this need; however, it did not address the painstaking task of collection and management of the usage data. SUSHI is a new protocol developed to allow for automated retrieval of COUNTER usage reports from publishers and other content providers.
The impact of open access publishing (and other access initiatives) on use and users of digital scholarly journals
Authors: NICHOLAS David , HUNTINGTON Paul , JAMALI Hamid R. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTOxford University Press moved one of its most prestigious journals, Nucleic Acids Research (NAR), to a full open access (OA), author‐pays publishing model in January 2005. A deep log analysis study was carried out in order to determine the impact of this move to OA on the use and users of the journal. Surprisingly the findings showed that although there was a 143% increase in use from early 2003 to January 2005, it was search engines and robots that accounted for a high proportion of the increased use. Robots were responsible for half of sessions in the second quarter of 2005, compared to 1% in the second quarter of 2003.
Creative Commons — the other way?
Authors: SUTHERSANEN Uma 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTOn 9 Mar 2006, the District Court of Amsterdam upheld the Creative Commons (CC) licence in relation to photographs made available for the public on an online sharing website, but subject to a Creative Commons licence. This is the first known court decision involving a Creative Common licence, not only in the European Union, but worldwide, that has held that CC licences are valid and enforceable. This paper gives a critical analysis of the reasons for the popularity of Creative Commons licences and of the basic structure of the Creative Commons licensing regime in England and Wales.
RMIT Publishing: neither fish nor fowl
Authors: WRIGHT Janette , HEARN Sara 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTIn a time when university presses are struggling to survive and most require financial support from their parent institutions, RMIT Publishing – an electronic publisher from its inception in 1989 – has grown its annual sales from AU$2.8m in 2003 to an expected AU$6m in 2007. This 100% sales growth in five years has been achieved by RMIT Publishing's unique, context‐driven approach to electronic publishing. This approach has made RMIT Publishing the publisher of choice for Australian databases, aggregated scholarly content for the global market and now ‘born‐digital’ publications.
E‐prints and journal articles in astronomy: a productive co‐existence
Authors: HENNEKEN Edwin A. , KURTZ Michael J. , EICHHORN Guenther , ACCOMAZZI Alberto , GRANT Carolyn S. , THOMPSON Donna , BOHLEN Elizabeth , MURRAY Stephen S. , GINSPARG Paul , WARNER Simeon 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTAre the e‐prints (electronic preprints) from the arXiv repository being used instead of journal articles? We show that the e‐prints have not undermined the usage of journal papers from the four core journals in astrophysics. As soon as the journal article is published, the astronomical community prefers to read it and the use of e‐prints through the NASA Astrophysics Data System drops to zero. This suggests that most astronomers have access to institutional subscriptions and that they choose to read the journal article. In other words, the e‐prints have not undermined journal use in this community and thus currently do not pose a financial threat to publishers. Furthermore, we show that the half‐life (the point at which the use of an article drops to half the use of a newly published article) for an e‐print is shorter than for a journal paper.
Book Reviews
Authors: Blake Monica , Oppenheim Charles , Oppenheim Charles , Lambert Sue , Oppenheim Charles 
Published: January 2007

A Century of Science Publishing: A Collection of Essays
Edited by E.H. Fredriksson Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2001. US$49/€44/€31
A User's Guide to Copyright, 6th
edn Michael Flint, Nick Fitzpatrick and Clive Thorne Tottell Publishing, 2006, ISBN 1845920686, 639 pp., paperback, £78Publishing Law, 3rd edn Hugh Jones and Christopher Benson Taylor and Francis, 2006 ISBN 0 415 38427 3Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, 7th edn Style Manual Committee, Council of Science Editors Council of Science Editors in cooperation with The Rockefeller University Press, 2006, xvi + 659 pp. Hardback. ISBN 0‐9779665‐0‐XThe Trouble with Medical Journals Richard Smith Royal Society of Medicine, 2006, ISBN 1 85315 673 6, 292pp., £19.95