bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HRA Exercise—PETRONAS Experience in Sudan
Authors: Mydin N. , Zainudin A. , Usul Hj M. H. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
PETRONAS, the national oil company (NOC) of Malaysia is implementing Health Risk Assessment (HRA) across its operations. As part of the Group HSE Risk Management strategies, an assessment of health risks in one of the PETRONAS Carigali joint operation in South Sudan was carried out between 1st –7th November 2006. The assessment team comprised of PETRONAS Group HSE, PETRONAS Carigali Corporate HSE and site HSE personnel.
The assessment focused on the accommodation complex, field surface facilities, central processing facilities, export pipeline and central power plant.
The HRA (Standard) as per the PETRONAS Technical Standard was used as the guideline for the assessment. Site assessment and interviews with various groups of personnel were in place. Various types of health hazards were identified, assessed and their existing control measures were evaluated. The most important tools in the Methodology are the application of Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM) and Control Chart in deciding the risks levels and prioritizing the remedial action plans respectively.
A total of 20 assessment units have been assessed and relevant hazard inventories were developed. Besides identifying various risks, among others are bloodborne pathogens, vector (insects) borne disease and work-related stress due to working in high security risk area, we acknowledged the challenges and limitations of our operations in south Sudan compared to elsewhere such as in Malaysia. The Management is able to develop the remedial action plans based on the levels of priorities.
The findings have shown that health hazards in Sudan are different from the operations in Malaysia, which means different mitigating measures to be employed. It shows that HRA is a powerful tool to assist Management in setting up its Occupational Health program, minimizing workers’ health risks and consequently securing healthy workforce.
(Accepted for Oral Presentation on 6th August 2007)
Managing Major Incident Risk – Balancing Key Drivers of Success
Authors: Cseh Bela , Prajer Christophe , Soloman Peter 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The paper describes the findings from an implementation project of process safety management (PSM) in the MOL Group based in Hungary. The findings focus on some items that make process safety management successful, sustainable and robust in an organisation. The insights from the implementation are examined: Introduction. Why the implementation is so important - and difficult.Creating access and flow of knowledge. The PSM Network - utilising the collective knowledge of technical experts in the company to improve the data made available during decision making.Focussing implementation effort on critical management systems. The PSM element champions – driving ownership into the operational leadership through systematic action and visible responsibility in key areas.An external conscience and stimulation. A positive improvement focussed 2nd party audit process. Pushing the organisation to take a step back and to understand the effectiveness of implementation of systems, then, critically examine the current action plan for opportunities to refocus effort.Creating the effective balance of action to maintain long term improvement Leadership review, visibility and tolerance of defects - changing the view of leadership from "a valid initiative" to "an essential value".
Using the Last Several Years of HSEQ Data to Improve the Next Several Years of HSEQ Performance
Authors: Stough Joe , Ritchie Rod 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Have you found the Leading Indicators for which continued execution TRULY does result in fewer injuries, less spills, and generally better HSEQ performance? If so, can you prove it? If not, is it something you wish to do?
This paper will dive into the increasingly hot topic of "Leading Indicators" and how combining a large global data set with some fundamental statistical methods can result in both finding those factors which TRULY affect performance outcomes and the mathematical support to prove it.
Praising for Safety: The Next Step in Behavioural Safety
Authors: Breitsprecher Kathryn 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
It is widely accepted that a large amount of accidents and incidents are caused by unsafe behaviours. As a result the use of behavioural safety programs has increased in occupational safety. The behavioural approach has proven to be effective in reducing accidents and incidents. This paper describes a different application of the psychological principles of behaviour and demonstrates the results of this approach by illustrating a case study.
The principles of behaviour used in this case study were applied differently in comparison to a ‘traditional’ behavioural safety program. The methodology described here followed the traditional approach in that the observation of safe and at risk behaviours as well as feedback relating to these observations was crucial to accomplish behaviour change in safety. However, the importance of positive and negative consequences along with immediate feedback by work colleagues was emphasised. Furthermore, in this approach each participant acted as an observer as well as an observee, which is a further methodology difference to a ‘traditional’ approach.
The procedure of the program involved work teams to decide on a number of work related behaviours that have potential to be performed unsafely and to observe each other on these behaviours. Rather than just recording the safe and at-risk observations made the team members were encouraged to give praise for observed safe behaviours and to intervene in at risk behaviours. The amount of praise and interventions was recorded as well as safe and at risk observations. Goal-setting methodology was used to promote increases in safe behaviours.
The case study illustrates the benefits of giving emphasis to praise as well as interventions in a behavioural safety program. Results have shown an increase in safe behaviours in a short amount of time. However, additionally, results demonstrated an increase of communication within the team as well as between teams and supervisors leading to a safer work environment as well as increased morale. Furthermore, the participants of this program demonstrated greater ownership of issues relating to their safety resulting in greater engagement in creating a safe work place.
Diabetes Susceptibility in the Canadian Oji-Cree Population Is Moderated by Abnormal mRNA Processing of HNF1A G319S Transcripts
Authors: Harries Lorna W. , Sloman Melissa J. , Sellers Elizabeth A.C. , Hattersley Andrew T. , Ellard Sian 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE—The G319S HNF1A variant is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Canadian Oji-Cree population. We hypothesized that the variant site at the 3′ end of exon 4 might influence splicing and characterized mRNA transcripts to investigate the mutational mechanism underlying this susceptibility to diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We established lymphoblastoid cell lines from a G319S homozygote and controls. HNF1A transcripts were characterized in the cell lines and pancreatic tissue by sequence analysis of RT-PCR products and quantification using real-time PCR. Susceptibility to mRNA surveillance was investigated using cycloheximide.
RESULTS—Full-length G319S mRNA accounted for 24% of mRNA transcripts in the homozygous G319S cell line. A novel isoform lacking the terminal 12 bases of exon 4 was upregulated (55% of mRNA transcripts) compared with control cell lines (33%) and human pancreatic tissue (17%). Two abnormal transcripts present only in the G319S cell line included premature termination codons as a result of the inclusion of seven nucleotides from intron 4 or the deletion of exon 8. Cycloheximide treatment increased the levels of both transcripts.
CONCLUSIONS—The G319S variant results in the production of two abnormal transcripts and an alteration in the relative balance of normal splicing products. This is predicted to lead to a reduction in total HNF1A transcript levels, but residual hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α protein activity in G319S homozygotes may still reach up to 66% of normal levels. A combination of abnormal splicing and reduced activity of the G319S protein may explain the diabetes susceptibility.
Ferrite transformation from oxide–steel interface in HAZ-simulated C–Mn steel
Authors: Koseki Toshihiko , Kato Hiroki , Tsutsumi Masanori , Kasai Keiichiro , Inoue Junya 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
In steel weld metals and their heat affected zones, acicular ferrite or intragranular ferrite developed on selected oxide inclusions within prior austenite is a key to refining the microstructure and hence improving the toughness. In this study, to obtain a better understanding of the mechanism of the intragranular ferrite formation, different oxides were deposited onto C – Mn steel by a physical vapor deposition process, and ferrite formation was examined at the different oxide – steel interfaces after an HAZ-simulated thermal cycle. TiO, MgO, CaO and Al2O3 were deposited on C – Mn steel containing 0.16% C and 1.4% Mn and then they were heated up to 1623 K and cooled down at a cooling rate of 20 K s−1. Allotriomorphic ferrite was found to develop from TiO and MgO, while no allotriomorphic ferrite but Widmanstätten ferrite formed from CaO and Al2O3. Electron backscatter diffraction pattern analysis indicates that the allotriomorphic ferrite growing from the oxide has a specific orientation relationship either with the oxide or with prior-austenite. In the former case, the ferrite seems to be aligned so as to minimize the misfit against the oxide, implying that the likelihood of ferrite formation can be increased by the oxides having a good lattice match with ferrite. Manganese depletion was identified in the vicinity of TiO, but it is concluded that, although it encourages ferrite formation from the oxide, it is not a critical factor for the ferrite formation because of the fact that the ferrite formation was even found from TiO in manganese-free steel. First principles calculation indicates that the interfacial energy between oxide and steel is reduced when the magnesium in MgO is replaced by titanium, which suggests that the ferrite formation from TiO is also affected by the chemical effect of titanium.
Influence of metastable tetragonal ZrO2-reinforcements on the properties of MoSi2-composites
Authors: Bauer Johannes T. , Scholz Alfred , Berger Christina , Weiler Ludwig , Achtermann Matthias 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
In this work, MoSi2 – ZrO2-composites with different volume fractions (15-, 25-, 35 vol.% ZrO2) were examined. Zirconium oxide was successfully tetragonal stabilised (metastable state) through a high temperature isostatic pressure process, where the tetragonal – monoclinic phase transformation is inhibited by the pressure of the MoSi2-matrix. Stabilisers, e. g. Y2O3 were not used. Increasing ZrO2 content enhances strength and fracture toughness at room temperature. For temperatures above 900°C up to 1500°C no influence of the volume fraction of ZrO2 was observed with respect to the compression tests. Wear of pre-oxidised samples (20 min at 1000°C) is higher for the 25 and 35 vol.% than non-oxidised material. Oxidation resistance is observed to be poor and decreases with increasing ZrO2 content in the composite. Early crack initiation leads to poor creep behaviour and thermo-shock behaviour. This is probably due to the oxygen diffusing through the ZrO2-particles. Consequently no continuous protective SiO2-layer can be built as known from pure MoSi2-materials. In general the investigated material is not suitable for high temperature applications because of the poor oxidation behaviour.
Precipitation behaviour of an Fe–Co–Mo-alloy during non-isothermal ageing
Authors: Leitner H. , Schober M. , Clemens H. , Caliskanoglu D. , Danoix F. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Fe – Co – Mo alloys show hardening behaviour comparable to that of precipitation hardened Al-alloys, which is characterised by a low hardness after solution annealing and a significant increase in the hardness during subsequent ageing at higher temperatures. In this study, the precipitation behaviour of Fe-25% Co-15% Mo (wt.%) has been studied applying non-isothermal ageing. High sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry and atom probe tomography have been used to characterise the precipitation sequence. Three overlapping exothermic reactions, which are related to precipitation reactions, are observed in the temperature range of 400 to 700°C. The investigations have shown that precipitation starts with diffusion of Mo, followed by the formation of the intermetallic μ-phase which reaches its equilibrium composition at a temperature of about 615°C.
Effect of boron on creep deformation behavior and microstructure evolution in 9% Cr steel at 650°C
Authors: Abe Fujio 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The effect of boron on creep deformation behavior and microstructure evolution during creep has been investigated for a tempered martensitic 9Cr-3W-3Co-VNb steel containing boron up to 140 ppm at 650°C (923 K) with the emphasis on long term behavior. Creep tests were carried out at 650°C for up to about 70 000 h. The base steel without boron exhibits degradation in creep rupture strength after times above about 1000 h. The addition of boron retards the onset of tertiary or acceleration creep, where the creep rate increases with time after reaching a minimum creep rate, at low stresses and long times. This effectively decreases the minimum creep rate and increases the time to rupture. The addition of boron reduces the coarsening rate of Ostwald ripening of M23C6 carbides near prior austenite grain boundaries during creep, which retards the onset of acceleration creep. It is considered that boron atoms occupy vacancies in the vicinity of growing carbide interfaces near prior austenite grain boundaries, which makes it difficult to accommodate local volume change around growing carbides and hence causes the reduction in coarsening rate.
The L2 norm of the deviation between the measured and computed transient displacement field in a test weld
Authors: Goldak John , Johnsson Eric , El-Zein Mohamad , Zhou Jianguo , Tchernov Stanislav , Downey Dan , Wang Shaodong , Coulombe Mark 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The transient displacement field caused by an arc weld was measured experimentally with an Aramis stereo-camera. The transient displacement field was also predicted using a computational weld mechanics program called VrWeld for ten different sets of model parameters. The objective was to identify the effect of model parameters on the deviation between experimental data and the data computed by computational weld mechanics. For each set of model parameters, the L2 norm of the difference between the experimental and computed displacement fields was computed for each of the 800 time steps. The structure being welded was a mm stringer fillet welded to a mm low alloy steel plate. The displacement field was measured on the ‘back’ surface of the plate. A robot made the metal-inert-gas weld. The parameters varied in the ten models included welding current, width of the power density distribution, convection coefficient and yield stress of austenite at high temperatures.
Bench‐scale evaluation of nonvolatilealpha‐branched chain fatty esters as potential lubricants
Authors: Ault Waldo C. , Parker Winfred E. , Eisner Abner , Koos R. E. , Knight H. B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSeveral nonvolatile esters of α‐branched fatty acids have been prepared in a highly purified state and examined by bench‐scale tests of the sort usually used in the preliminary evaluation of lubricants. Viscosity characteristics and Shell‐Boerlage wear‐test results for these compounds are comparable with those of compounds used in the manufacture of modern synthetic lubricants. These esters are substantially superior to one such compound in thermal stability and resistance to acid hydrolysis.
Cyanoethylation of hydroxy derivatives of fats
Authors: Maerker G. , Kenney H. E. , Donahue E. T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMono‐, di‐, and trihydroxy derivatives of fats have been cyanoethylated in high yields by use of excess acrylonitrile as solvent and aqueous benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide as catalyst. Reaction variables of the cyanoethylation in excess acrylonitrile have been examined with methyl 12‐hydroxystearate as the model compound. At moderate reaction temperatures the cyanoethylation reaction is 93% complete before the competing polymerization of the acrylonitrile consumes the catalyst.
Urethane foams from animal fats. IV. Rigid foams from epoxidized glycerides
Authors: Scholnick F. , Saggese E. J. , Wrigley A. N. , Ault W. C. , Monroe H. A. , Zubillaga M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLiquid polyols have been prepared from epoxidized glyceryl trioleate, glyceryl monooleate, lard oil, neatsfoot oil, and soybean oil by hydration with 24% fluoboric acid. Upon adjustment of the equivalent weight to 100 with triisopropanolamine, the polyols were foamed by reaction with a prepolymer made from oxypropylated sorbitol and tolylene diisocyanate. The resulting rigid foams had densities between 1.66 and 2.34 lbs/ft3 and compressive strengths ranging from 23 to 39 psi (10% compression).The same polyols were used in one‐step systems with PAPI as the isocyanate. In general, foam properties were comparable with those obtained from the prepolymer systems.
The action of various lime soap dispersants
Authors: Schönfeldt N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe course of the lime soap‐dispersing action of various surfactants has been examined by use of a titrimetric method. Two types of dispersants can be distinguished. With the addition of a surfactant of the first type, the concentration of the dispersed fatty acid increases gradually. If a surfactant of the second type is used, a definite increase of the fatty acid concentration first occurs after the addition of considerable amounts of the dispersant.Ethylene oxide adducts and sodium triethylene glycol monolauryl ether sulfate behave like dispersants of the first type whereas sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate and sodium lauryl sulfate belong to those of the second type. The dispersing action of both types of surfactants is discussed.
Comparison of soil‐deposition and redeposition tests in evaluating drycleaning detergents
Authors: Smith William H. , Wentz Manfred , Martin Albert R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA method for testing drycleaning detergents for their ability to inhibit soil redeposition is described. It involves the measurement of soil transfer from a soiled to a clean fabric. The customary practice of using suspensions of a model soil in a detergent solution is a soil‐deposition test and does not give results comparable with the soil‐redeposition test.The major argument against redeposition tests in the past has been that they do not permit two detergents to be compared at the same soil concentration in the suspension. It is therefore argued that redeposition tests “stack the cards” against better detergents because soil must be removed before it can be redeposited. Present results refute this argument and show that detergents exhibiting low soil‐removal generally show high graying and vice versa. These two qualities either correlate or they are two aspects of the same quality.A possible explanation for the difference between the two test procedures is that the degree of dispersion of soil is much greater in the redeposition test.
Rapeseed oil in a two‐component margarine base stock
Authors: Zalewski Stanislaw , Kummerow F. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA two‐component margarine base stock with liquid oil as one component allowed for a lowertransfatty acid content and at the same time provided for a higher essential fatty acid level than a one‐component base stock. Transesterification softened a two‐component margarine base stock and resulted in a steeper solid fat index curve, but did allow for a lowertransfatty acid level in a margarine base stock. The high content of erucic acid in rapeseed oil did not change the physical properties of a margarine base stock and provided a good hardstock when this oil was hydrogenated. The use of a hydrogenated rapeseed oil ensured interchangeability of liquid oils in blends and rearranged blends, also seemed superior to soybean hardstocks in this respect.
Color problems in oils from experimental safflower varieties
Authors: Burkhardt H. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe dark color found in extracted oils from two new thin‐hull safflower varieties is formed from a colorless precursor or precursors, which for convenience will be considered a single precursor. This precursor is extracted into the oil from the kernel portion of the seed with hot hexane. It condenses to a dark pigment, if heated for prolonged times in excess of 100C, and was found in varying amounts in hot extracted oils of pigmentless, brown‐striped, and commercially grown Gila varieties. The color precursor can be removed from the oil by extraction with water or by alkali‐refining. The dark pigment can be removed by treatment with dilute alkaline peroxide. Oil, free of pigment and pigment precursor, can be obtained if the press‐cake or whole cracked seeds are extracted with hexane at room temperature.
Reconceptualizing the effects of lean on production costs with evidence from the F‐22 program
Authors: Browning Tyson R. , Heath Ralph D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA central tenet in the theory of lean production is that the implementation of lean practices will reduce waste and thereby decrease costs. However, not all lean implementations have produced such results. Apparently, this effect is moderated by several factors, potentially even to the point of reversal. It is important to increase our understanding of how this might occur. In this paper, we explore how novelty, complexity, instability, and buffering affect the relationship between lean implementation and production costs. An interest in these factors drew us to study the case of Lockheed Martin's production system for the F‐22, an extremely complex and innovative product. To build theory, we synthesize our empirical data from the case with other existing theory, such as theories of learning and complexity. Through this analysis, we develop a revised framework that reconceptualizes the effect of lean on production costs and use it to develop 11 propositions to direct further research. Included among these are propositions about how the timing, scale, and extent of lean implementation can regulate the benefits of lean. Furthermore, when the objective of lean is construed as the provision of value, we propose that this value is an emergent property of a complex process, different from the mere sum of the values provided by its constituent tasks. Therefore, the elimination of tasks will not guarantee cost reduction, and lean may provide even greater value by incorporating some aspects of agile manufacturing. Overall, we develop a fuller range of the effects of lean practices on production costs and illuminate how operations managers might control key variables to draw greater benefits from lean implementation.