bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advance of Single‐Atom Metal@Support Catalysts and Their Applications in Artificial Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction Reaction
Authors: Han Zhiya , Lan Xianhao , Xu Yang , Kang Yue , Liu Yixin , Zhou Chunxia , Tong Liping , Lu Binfeng , Liu Xiyang , Wang Quan , Yang Miaosen , Li Wenda , Ke Shanzhe , Huang Lingyan , Liu Shaohua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) is the fundamental solution to the high pollution and emissions associated with the industrial synthesis of ammonia (NH3). However, nowadays ENRR still faces some great challenges, such as low NH3 yield rates and low Faradaic efficiency (FE), etc. In this context, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with high catalytic activity and selectivity have emerged as shining stars in ENRR. Adjusting the support of SAC to leverage strong metal‐support interactions can address the activity limitations of the SAC itself and significantly enhance the activity of ENRR. Therefore, the review covers a range of topics including characterization techniques of single atoms, the mechanism of ENRR, in situ techniques in ENRR, synthesis methods of SACs, design principles of SACs in ENRR, and the application of SACs loaded with different supports in ENRR. Finally, the review offers a prospective outlook on the application of SACs in ENRR.
Anti‐Selective Carbosilylation: Nickel‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction of Solid Me3SiZnI
Authors: Chandrasekaran Revathi , Selvam Keerthika , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Chinnusamy Tamilselvi , Maron Laurent , Rasappan Ramesh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe stereodefined and highly substituted vinylsilanes are essential building blocks for constructing complex organic molecules. Transition metal‐mediated silylmetalation of alkynes was developed to overcome the limitations of conventional hydrosilylations; however, a very limited study was carried out to utilize transient vinylmetal species in cross‐coupling reactions. Moreover, they produce syn‐adduct, and the anti‐selective cross‐coupling is still unknown and highly desired. Silylzinc reagents are highly functional group tolerant, however, their synthesis from pyrophoric silyllithium and dissolved lithium salts hampers cross‐coupling reactions. Our novel solid silylzinc reagents circumvent these constraints are employed in the anti‐selective synthesis of vinylsilanes via a multi‐component reaction involving Me3SiZnI, terminal alkynes, and activated alkyl halides. An intensive computational and experimental investigation of the mechanism reveals an equilibrium between the intermediate syn‐ and anti‐adducts; the greater barrier at the single electron reduction of alkyl halides and the thermodynamic stability of the Ni(III) adduct determine the anti‐selectivity.
Tunning of catalytic performance in coupling, reduction and oxidation of hydrothermal assisted mixed metal oxides of Pd and Cu loaded over mesoporous nanostructure titania coated N‐doped silica using rice husk
Authors: Kouser Mobina , Sharma Neha , Gupta Monika 
Published: March 2024

Silica–titania‐based mesoporous nanomaterials due to their widespread availability and inexpensive cost have been employed in an extensive range of applications, including heterogeneous catalysis. This research article discusses the hydrothermal synthesis of highly efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst, that is, mixed metal oxides of Pd and Cu immobilized over silica–titania mesoporous nanostructure and its application in coupling, reduction and oxidation reactions. It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X‐ray diffraction (P‐XRD), field emission gun–scanning electron microscopy (FEG‐SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X‐ray resonance fluorescence (XRF), photoluminescence (PL) and inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES) studies to assemble information regarding various structural features. XPS analysis successfully confirmed the presence of mixed oxidation state of Pd and Cu, that is, Pd(0), Pd(II), Cu(0), Cu(I) and Cu(II) over the nanocatalytic support. TEM images showed that the PdCu alloy had spherical shape with average size between 3 and 4 nm. BET analysis indicated that the catalyst has specific surface area of 57.296 m2 g−1 with average pore diameter of 1.84 nm. The results of TGA and DTA analysis demonstrated that the maximum temperature up to which PC‐TNS can catalysed organic reactions was 170°C. The average crystallite size of PC‐TNS was came around 16.08 nm calculated using Scherrer's equation. Moreover, synthesized heterogeneous nanocatalyst was highly recyclable and FEG‐SEM, P‐XRD and XPS findings confirmed the structural disruption after sixth or seventh catalytic run resulted in decrease in yield of products. In general, nanocatalysts can be convincingly more superior to other heterogeneous nanocatalyst due to their unique features such as high specific surface area, high reusability, high reactivity, high product yield and environmentally friendly.
Study on fire resistance and mechanical properties of modified recycled waste oyster powder in asphalt binder
Authors: Ren Denghui , Deng Shilin , L.V. Yanying , Li Cao , Yang Qingzhao , Lai Fang , Li Jing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, an eco‐friendly approach is presented for the innovative use of waste oyster shell (OS) powder modified with zinc stannate, aliphatic alcohols, and silane coupling agents blended with styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) modified asphalt to make a flame‐retardant binder (modified oyster shell [MOS]/styrene‐butadiene‐styrene [SBS]/MA), which is rendered flame retardant and smoke suppressive. Compared with the original SBS/MA, MOS/SBS/MA with a 2% addition rate showed a 35.44% increase in ultimate oxygen index, a 30.62% reduction in peak exotherm, a 10.87% reduction in smoke density, and a 75% reduction in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. It also has excellent mechanical properties, with increases in composite modulus, elastic modulus, and storage modulus of 68.58%, 97.29%, and 59.59%, respectively, at 46°C. The thermal stability of MOS/SBS/MA is also improved, with a decomposition temperature 26°C higher than that of SBS/MA. Pavement performance tests show that the water‐soaked Marshall's split strength has increased by 3.87% and the coefficient of rutting by 3.51%. Increased by 3.51%, this method effectively utilizes the waste OS, improves the fire‐retardant properties of asphalt while retaining the mechanical properties of the modified asphalt binder, and provides a model for developing sustainable fire‐retardant asphalt in coastal areas.
Targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase MerTK shows therapeutic value in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wirsik Naita Maren , Chen Mingyi , He Liping , Yasar Uraz , Gaukel Justus , Quaas Alexander , Nienhüser Henrik , Leugner Ella , Yuan Shuai , Schleussner Nikolai , Jung Jin‐On , Plücker Jadie Sue , Schneider Martin , Schmidt Thomas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite multiple therapeutic modalities, the overall survival of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma remains poor, especially for advanced tumor stages. Although the tyrosine kinase MerTK has shown therapeutic relevance in several tumor entities, its potential effects in gastric adenocarcinoma have not yet been sufficiently characterized.MethodsMerTK expression and its influence on patient survival were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 140 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and siRNA knockdown of MerTK in the gastric cancer cell lines SNU1, SNU5, and MKN45 was used to analyze protein expression, growth, migration, and invasion properties in vitro and in a murine xenograft model. MerTK was pharmacologically targeted with the small molecule inhibitor UNC2025 in vitro and in vivo.ResultsIn patients, high MerTK expression was associated with decreased overall survival (OS) and lymph node metastasis especially in patients without neoadjuvant therapy (p < 0.05). Knockout and knockdown of MerTK reduced cell proliferation and migration both in vitro and in vivo. UNC2025, a small‐molecule inhibitor of MerTK, exhibited a significant therapeutic response in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, MerTK expression attenuated the response to neoadjuvant treatment, and its inhibition sensitized tumor cells to 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐based chemotherapy in vitro.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the potential value of MerTK as a prognostic biomarker for gastric adenocarcinoma. Targeting MerTK may become a new treatment option, especially for patients with advanced tumors, and may overcome resistance to established chemotherapies.
Overburden of rare ALMS1 deleterious variants in Chinese early‐onset type 2 diabetes with severe insulin resistance
Authors: Zhang Simin , Gong Siqian , Li Meng , Cai Xiaoling , Liu Wei , Lou Yingying , Ma Yumin , Zhang Xiuying , Ren Qian , Zhu Yu , Wu Jing , Zhou Lingli , Li Yufeng , Zhou Xianghai , Han Xueyao , Ji Linong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsAlström syndrome (AS) is a rare recessive disorder characterised by diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and visual and hearing impairments. Mutations in the ALMS1 gene have been identified as the causative agents of AS. This study aimed to explore the relationship between rare ALMS1 variants and clinical features in Chinese patients with early‐onset type 2 diabetes (age at diagnosis ≤40 years; EOD).Materials and MethodsALMS1 gene sequencing was performed in 611 Chinese individuals with EOD, 36 with postprandial hyperinsulinemia, and 47 with pre‐diabetes and fasting IR. In‐silico prediction algorithm and the American College of Medical Genetics Guidelines (ACMG) were used to evaluate the deleteriousness and pathogenicity of the variants.ResultsSixty‐two rare ALMS1 variants (frequency <0.005) were identified in 82 patients with EOD. Nineteen variants were predicted to be deleterious (pD). Patients with EOD carrying pD variants had higher fasting C‐peptide, postprandial C‐peptide, and HOMA2‐IR levels than those without variants. The frequency of ALMS1 pD variants in the subgroup with more insulin‐resistant EOD was higher than that in other EOD subgroups. Two patients with EOD, obesity, and IR who carried one heterozygous pathogenic/likely pathogenic rare variant of ALMS1 according to ACMG were identified. Moreover, rare heterozygous pD variants of ALMS1 were found in participants from cohorts of postprandial hyperinsulinemia as well as in pre‐diabetes with fasting IR.ConclusionsALMS1 rare pD variants are enriched in the populations with significant IR, which is a major hallmark of diabetes pathogenesis. Accordingly, our exploratory study provides insights and hypotheses for further studies of gene function.
Oxygen and HIF1α‐dependent SDF1 expression in primary astrocytes
Authors: Pietrucha Andreas , Serdar Meray , Bendix Ivo , Endesfelder Stefanie , Brinke Elena auf dem , Urkola Ane , Bührer Christoph , Schmitz Thomas , Scheuer Till 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the naturally hypoxic in utero fetal environment of preterm infants, oxygen and oxygen‐sensitive signaling pathways play an important role in brain development, with hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF1α) being an important regulator. Early exposure to nonphysiological high oxygen concentrations by birth in room can induce HIF1α degradation and may affect neuronal and glial development. This involves the dysregulation of astroglial maturation and function, which in turn might contribute to oxygen‐induced brain injury. In this study, we investigated the effects of early high oxygen exposure on astroglial maturation and, specifically, on astroglial stromal cell‐derived factor 1 (SDF1) expression in vivo and in vitro. In our neonatal mouse model of hyperoxia preterm birth brain injury in vivo, high oxygen exposure affected astroglial development and cortical SDF1 expression. These results were further supported by reduced Sdf1 expression, impaired proliferation, decreased total cell number, and altered expression of astroglial markers in astrocytes in primary cultures grown under high oxygen conditions. Moreover, to mimic the naturally hypoxic in utero fetal environment, astroglial Sdf1 expression was increased after low oxygen exposure in vitro, which appears to be regulated by HIF1α activity. Additionally, the knockdown of Hif1α revealed HIF1α‐dependent Sdf1 expression in vitro. Our results indicate HIF1α and oxygen‐dependent chemokine expression in primary astrocytes and highlight the importance of oxygen conditions for brain development.
Improving early neonatal survival in puppies and kittens: resuscitation and beyond
Authors: Reid Aoife , Donnelly Emma 
Published: March 2024

Background: Neonatology is an area of increasing interest in veterinary medicine from an animal welfare and economic perspective. In dogs and cats, the first week of life has the highest mortality with average neonatal mortality in puppies varying between 5 and 35 per cent.Aim of the article: This article describes strategies to increase neonatal survival through managing or removing factors that contribute to neonatal mortality. Where possible, an evidence‐based approach is taken; however, where there is an absence of evidence, both general consensus and personal experience may be drawn upon. Definitions within neonatology can vary, but this article describes puppies and kittens as ‘newborns’ from birth to a few hours old and ‘neonates’ up to two weeks of age.
Diagnosing neuromuscular diseases of calves and young cattle
Authors: Millar Michael , Otter Arthur 
Published: March 2024

Background: There is a wide range of neuromuscular disorders recognised in cattle. Some of these conditions are fetopathic, others are clinically evident at or soon after the birth, and some are not apparent until the animals are older. The advancement of genotyping techniques has enabled the identification of animals that are carriers of many of these hereditary conditions, and breeders can make informed choices when selecting sires and dams to avoid high‐risk matings.Aim of the article: This article considers the principal conditions which may occur in calves and young cattle and the methods for establishing definitive diagnoses.
Working with small‐scale pig keepers. Part 2: encouraging antibiotic stewardship
Authors: Scott Claire , Nevel Mandy , Reyher Kristen 
Published: March 2024

Background: With much effort from both vets and producers, antibiotic use in the pig sector has been reduced by 74 per cent since 2015, as reported by the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (2023). That being said, there is still room for improvement and efforts must now be aligned to tackling areas of inappropriate antibiotic use rather than simply reductions in use. Previous research has identified significant differences in antibiotic use across different systems and so strategies to decrease use or improve antibitoic stewardship in the commercial sector may not be suitable for keepers of small numbers of pigs; contributing factors to inappropriate use across all systems must be understood and addressed.Aim of the article: In this article, the second in a two‐part series on working with small‐scale pig keepers, we discuss steps that supervising vets may take to encourage antibiotic stewardship on small‐scale pig holdings, from pet pigs to small‐scale producers. Part one of this series, published in last month's In Practice, provided advice and information regarding UK pig‐specific legislation.
Effects of the Fasting‐Postprandial State on Arterial Spin Labeling MRI‐Based Cerebral Perfusion Quantification in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Li Runzhi , Zhuo Zhizheng , Hong Yin , Yao Zeshan , Li Zhaohui , Wang Yanli , Jiang Jiwei , Wang Linlin , Jia Ziyan , Sun Mengfan , Zhang Yuan , Li Wenyi , Ren Qiwei , Zhang Yanling , Duan Yunyun , Liu Yi , Wei Hongen , Zhang Yechuan , Chappell Michael , Shi Hanping , Liu Yaou , Xu Jun 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe fasting‐postprandial state remains an underrecognized confounding factor for quantifying cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the cognitive assessment and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).PurposeTo investigate the effects of fasting‐postprandial state on arterial spin labeling (ASL)‐based CBF in AD patients.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsNinety‐two subjects (mean age = 62.5 ± 6.4 years; females 29.3%), including 30 with AD, 32 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 30 healthy controls (HCs). Differential diagnostic models were developed with a 4:1 training to testing set ratio.Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, T1‐weighted imaging using gradient echo and pseudocontinuous ASL imaging using turbo spin echo.AssessmentTwo ASL scans were acquired to quantify fasting state and postprandial state regional CBFs based on an automated anatomical labeling atlas. Two‐way ANOVA was used to assess the effects of fasting/postprandial state and disease state (AD, MCI, and HC) on regional CBF. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted between regional CBF and cognitive scores (Mini‐Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]). The diagnostic performances of the fasting state, postprandial state, and mixed state (random mixing of the fasting and postprandial state CBF) in differential diagnosis of AD were conducted using support vector machine and logistic regression models.Statistical TestsTwo‐way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and area under the curve (AUC) of diagnostic model were performed. P values <0.05 indicated statistical significance.ResultsFasting‐state CBF was correlated with cognitive scores in more brain regions (17 vs. 4 [MMSE] and 15 vs. 9 [MoCA]) and had higher absolute correlation coefficients than postprandial‐state CBF. In the differential diagnosis of AD patients from MCI patients and HCs, fasting‐state CBF outperformed mixed‐state CBF, which itself outperformed postprandial‐state CBF.Data ConclusionCompared with postprandial CBF, fasting‐state CBF performed better in terms of cognitive score correlations and in differentiating AD patients from MCI patients and HCs.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 3
Sustainable ZIF‐67/Mo‐MXene‐Derived Nanoarchitecture Synthesis: An Enhanced Durable Performance of Lithium–Selenium Batteries
Authors: Vallem Sowjanya , Song Seunghyun , Oh Yoonju , Bae Joonho 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSelenium‐based electrodes have garnered attention for their high electrical conductivity, compatibility with carbonate electrolytes, and volumetric capacity comparable to sulfur electrodes. However, real‐time application is hindered by rapid capacity deterioration from the “shuttle effect” of polyselenides and volume fluctuations. To address these challenges, a hybrid Se@ZIF‐67/Mo‐MXene‐derived (Se@Co‐NC/Mo2C) nanoarchitecture is developed via an economically viable in situ electrostatic self‐assembly of ZIF‐67 and Mo2C nanosheets. The catalytic effects and porous framework of Co‐NC/Mo2C enhance electrode attributes, promoting superior adsorption and conversion of lithium polyselenides and facile ion/electron transport within the electrode, resulting in stable electrochemical performance. Lithium–selenium batteries (LSeBs) exhibit remarkable characteristics, boasting high specific capacity and exceptional durability. The Se@Co‐NC/Mo2C electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 503.5 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C with 98% capacity retention, 100% Coulombic efficiency, and exceptional cyclic durability through 8600 cycles. In sustainability tests at 10C/1C charging/discharging, the Se@Co‐NC/Mo2C electrode demonstrates an optimistic and stable capacity of ≈370.6 mAh g−1 with 93% capacity retention at the 3100th cycle in a carbonate‐based electrolyte and ≈181.3 mAh g−1 with 92% capacity retention after 5000 cycles in an ether‐based electrolyte, indicating exceptional stability for practical rechargeable batteries. This cost‐effective and efficient approach holds significant potential for high‐performance and durable LSeBs.
Influence of self‐assessment and conditional metaconceptual knowledge on students' self‐regulation of intuitive and scientific conceptions of evolution
Authors: Hartelt Tim , Martens Helge 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntuitive conceptions based on cognitive biases (teleology, anthropomorphism, and essentialism) often prove helpful in everyday life while simultaneously being problematic in scientific contexts. Nonetheless, students often have intuitive conceptions of scientific topics such as evolution. As potential approaches to enable students to self‐regulate their conceptions in the context of evolution, we investigated the effectiveness of two instructional approaches that are based on metacognition and self‐regulated learning: (a) a formative criteria‐referenced self‐assessment of one's conceptions and (b) instruction on conditional metaconceptual knowledge (metacognitive knowledge about why and in which contexts specific conceptions are appropriate or not). We conducted an experimental intervention study using a 2 × 2 factorial (plus an additional control group), pre‐post‐follow‐up‐test design in German upper secondary level biology classes (N = 730). The groups that received one or both interventions had higher conceptual knowledge (i.e., used less intuitive conceptions and/or more scientific conceptions) afterward than those whose conceptions were not addressed: The self‐assessment resulted in higher use of scientific conceptions; the instruction on conditional metaconceptual knowledge additionally resulted in lower use of intuitive conceptions based on cognitive biases, more reported thought processes relating to inhibition of cognitive biases, and a better ability to identify inappropriate phrasing based on cognitive biases. No effects were found on students' self‐reported metaconceptual awareness and regulation. However, the fact that students inhibited their intuitive conceptions in the post‐test indicates that they were indeed metaconceptually aware of and self‐regulated their conceptions. The results suggest that students can be taught to become aware of the differences between intuitive and scientific conceptions and to regulate the use of their intuitive conceptions in a scientific context.