bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eletriptan in Migraine Patients Reporting Unsatisfactory Response to Rizatriptan
Authors: Goldstein Jerome , Tiseo Paul T. , Albert Kenneth S. , Li Chunming , Sikes Carolyn R. 
Published: July 2006

Objective.—The objective of this open‐label study was to evaluate the efficacy of switching patients who had a previous unsatisfactory response to rizatriptan to eletriptan 40 mg.Background.—The characteristics of individual migraine patients can vary tremendously and can have a significant impact on treatment outcomes. In addition, clinical experience has demonstrated that the triptans are not identical or interchangeable and that patients who respond poorly or who are dissatisfied with one agent can derive benefit by being switched to another agent within the triptan class.Methods.—Patients were eligible if they met International Headache Society criteria for migraine, with a frequency of 1 to 6 migraine attacks per month, and had documented “unsatisfactory treatment response” to rizatriptan within the past year (54% on the melt formulation; 46% on tablets). Reasons for dissatisfaction with rizatriptan (>1 could be cited) included inadequate (84%) or slow onset (50%) of pain relief, high recurrence rate (69%), and lack of improvement in associated symptoms (60%). One hundred twenty‐three patients were eligible for treatment. Patients were instructed to take eletriptan 40 mg as soon as they were certain that their headache was a migraine, regardless of level of pain severity (8% treated headaches that were mild).Results.—Headache response at 2 hours (first‐attack data) was 64%. Absence of nausea (from baseline to 2 hours) increased from 50% to 78%, absence of photophobia from 30% to 72%, and absence of phonophobia from 39% to 77%. Functional response at 2 hours was 63%, with 41% of patients reporting normal functioning. Treatment with eletriptan 40 mg was associated with a 27% to 40% reduction in migraine attack‐related functional impairment, as measured by the PQ‐7. Recurrence rates were 36.6%. Overall, 72% of patients rated eletriptan as a “good‐to‐excellent” treatment, and 78% reported overall satisfaction with the degree of headache relief.Conclusion.—The results of this study suggest that eletriptan is an efficacious treatment option for patients who are dissatisfied with their response to rizatriptan.
Long‐Term Migraine Prevention With Topiramate: Open‐Label Extension of Pivotal Trials
Authors: Rapoport Alan , Mauskop Alexander , Diener Hans‐Christoph , Schwalen Susanne , Pfeil Joop 
Published: July 2006

Objective.—To demonstrate that topiramate is an effective and generally well‐tolerated migraine preventive therapy when used for up to 14 months.Background.—Topiramate 100 and 200 mg/d significantly reduced mean monthly migraine frequency during 2 large, 26‐week, randomized, placebo‐controlled trials. Only a small number of clinical trials have examined the long‐term (≥1 year) effectiveness and safety of migraine preventive therapies.Methods.—Five hundred sixty‐seven patients with an established history of migraine with or without aura were enrolled in this 8‐month, open‐label extension of 2 large (49 US and 52 US and Canadian medical centers), randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group, 26‐week trials of identical design. To be eligible for the open‐label extension, patients were required to have either completed the double‐blind phase of the 2 pivotal migraine prevention trials or withdrew after 4 weeks due to lack of efficacy. All eligible patients, regardless of type or dose of study medication (topiramate or placebo) received in the double‐blind phase, were titrated to a clinically effective dose of open‐label topiramate based on physician judgment of patient response. Efficacy of topiramate was measured as the change in mean monthly migraine frequency.Results.—The mean topiramate dose during the open‐label extension phase was 124.7 mg/d and 150.3 mg/d for patients on placebo (n = 159) or topiramate (n = 408), respectively, during the double‐blind phase (N = 567, 91% female, mean age 39.4 years). Patients on topiramate for up to 14 months had 2.2 ± 2.4 (mean ± SD) migraines per month after completion of the open‐label extension phase (3.4 ± 2.6 at double‐blind endpoint). Patients on topiramate during the open‐label extension phase only (placebo during the double‐blind phase) had 3.0 ± 2.9 migraines per month at open‐label extension endpoint (4.9 ± 3.0 migraines per month at double‐blind endpoint). Discontinuation rates due to adverse events during the double‐blind phase were 22.2% for patients on topiramate and 11.0% for patients on placebo. Discontinuation rates due to adverse events during the open‐label extension phase were 8.6% for those patients who had already received topiramate during the double‐blind phase and 20.9% for those patients who had previously received placebo.Conclusions.—Patients receiving topiramate experienced a sustained reduction in migraine frequency for up to 14 months. The effectiveness and safety of topiramate was consistent with that observed during 2 26‐week pivotal trials.
Local Decrease of Pressure Pain Threshold in Nummular Headache
Authors: Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César , Cuadrado María Luz , Barriga Francisco J. , Pareja Juan A. 
Published: July 2006

Background.—Nummular headache (NH) is a primary disorder presenting with localized pain that is circumscribed to a coin‐shaped area of the head surface.Methods.—In 12 patients with NH (3 men and 9 women, 21 to 67 years old), we measured the pressure pain threshold (PPT) in several points while they were headache‐free. The following cephalic and extracephalic points were explored: the symptomatic cranial area, a symmetrical point on the nonsymptomatic side, and 3 standardized pairs of symmetrical points (anterior part of the temporal muscle, upper trapezius muscle, and distal dorsal part of the second finger). Three consecutive PPT readings were obtained with an algometer on each point, and the repeatability of these measurements was always high (ICC: 0.93 to 0.97).Results.—Mean PPT was lower in the symptomatic cranial area than in the contra‐lateral symmetrical point (1.8 ± 0.6 kg/cm2 vs 2.4 ± 0.6 kg/cm2; P < .001), whereas in the remaining reference points PPT was almost equal on both sides.Conclusions.—According to these data, NH seems to be associated with a local increase of pain sensitivity to mechanical stimulation.
Effects of Illness Duration on Memory Processing of Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Cheung Mei‐chun , Chan Agnes S. , Chan Yu‐leung , Lam Joseph M. K. , Lam Wan 
Published: July 2006

Summary:  Purpose: To examine the effects of illness duration on the neural processing of memory in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) by using functional MRI. Methods: Twenty‐three TLE patients (16 left, seven right) performed a complex visual scene‐encoding task during functional MRI. Region‐of‐interest (ROI) analyses were used to quantity functional activation in the mesial temporal and frontal lobes. The patients' verbal and visual memory performances were evaluated by standardized neuropsychological tests. Analyses included group comparison and correlations of duration of epilepsy with functional activation and memory performance. Results: Compared with normal controls, TLE patients demonstrated reduced activation bilaterally in the mesial temporal lobe (p = 0.003), and the reduction was more pronounced on the ipsilateral side of the seizure focus. Moreover, a longer duration of illness was associated with fewer voxels activated in both the left (p = 0.038) and right (p = 0.017) mesial temporal lobe. Furthermore, the duration of illness was found to be significantly and negatively correlated with both verbal (p = 0.020) and visual (p = 0.000) memory functioning. Conclusions: TLE seems to affect the memory processes in the mesial temporal lobes progressively (i.e., the longer the duration of illness, the lower the brain activation). In turn, the reduction of brain activation negatively affects memory functioning. Finally, the reduction is not limited to the side of seizure but also is observed in the contralateral hemisphere.
The shape of the socioeconomic–oral health gradient: implications for theoretical explanations
Authors: Sanders Anne E. , Slade Gary D. , Turrell Gavin , John Spencer A. , Marcenes Wagner 
Published: July 2006

Abstract –  Objectives:  The nature of the relationship between status and health has theoretical and applied significance. To compare the shape of the socioeconomic ‐oral health relationship using a measure of relative social status (MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status) and a measure of absolute material resource (equivalised household income); to investigate the contribution of behaviour in attenuating the socioeconomic gradient in oral health status; and to comment on three hypothesised explanatory mechanisms for this relationship (material, psychosocial, behavioural).Methods:  In 2003, cross‐sectional self‐report data were collected from 2,915 adults aged 43–57 years in Adelaide, Australia using a stratified cluster design. Oral conditions were (1) <24 teeth, (2) 1+ impact/s reported fairly often or very often on the 14‐item Oral Health Impact Profile; (3) fair or poor self‐rated oral health, and (4) low satisfaction with chewing ability. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (PR, 95%CI) were calculated from a logistic regression model. Covariates were age, sex, country of birth, smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, frequencies of toothbrushing and interdental cleaning.Results:  There was an approximately linear relationship of decreasing prevalence for each oral condition across quintiles of increasing relative social status. In the fully adjusted model the gradient was steepest for low satisfaction with chewing (PR = 4.1, 95%CI = 3.0–5.4). Using equivalised household income, the shape more closely resembled a threshold effect, with an approximate halving of the prevalence ratio between the first and second social status quintiles for the adverse impact of oral conditions and fair or poor self‐rated oral health. Adjustment for covariates did not attenuate the magnitude of PRs.Conclusion:  The nature of the relationship between social status and oral conditions differed according to the measure used to index social status. Perception of relative social standing followed an approximately straight‐line relationship. In contrast, there was a discrete threshold of income below which oral health deteriorated, suggesting that the benefit to oral health of material resources occurs mostly at the lower end of the across the full socioeconomic distribution.
Relative frequency of peripheral odontogenic tumors: a study of 45 new cases and comparison with studies from the literature
Authors: Buchner Amos , Merrell Phillip W. , Carpenter William M. 
Published: July 2006

Background:  Peripheral (extraosseous) odontogenic tumors are rare, and reports in the literature have mainly been single case reports or a small series of cases. The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency of peripheral (extraosseous) odontogenic tumors relative to one another and relative to their central (intraosseous) counterparts in an oral pathology biopsy service and to compare these data with information available in the literature.Methods:  The files of the Pacific Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Laboratory of the University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA, served as the source of material for this study. Files were systematically searched for all cases of peripheral odontogenic tumors (POTs) during a 20‐year‐period.Results:  There were 91 178 cases accessed in which central and POTs were identified in 1133 (1.24%), central tumors in 1088 (1.2%), and peripheral tumors in 45 (0.05%). Peripheral tumors accounted for 4% of all 1133 central and POTs. Peripheral odontogenic fibroma (PODF) was the most common of the 45 POTs accounting for 51.1% (23 cases) followed by peripheral ameloblastoma (PA) 28.9% (13 cases) and peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (PCCOT) 13.3% (six cases). Peripheral calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, peripheral ameloblastic fibroma, and peripheral ameloblastic carcinoma were also identified – each comprised 2.2% (one case each). PODF was more common than its central counterpart by a 1.4:1 ratio. This was the only peripheral tumor that was more common than its central counterpart. PA accounted for 9.3% of all ameloblastomas and PCCOT for 26% of all calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors.Conclusion:  There is only scarce information in the literature on the relative frequency of POTs. Additional studies should be conducted to determine the true relative frequency. To ensure accuracy, pathologists with experience in the field of odontogenic tumors should conduct these studies. Intraosseous tumors that perforate through the bone to the gingival tissue, clinically presenting as ‘peripheral tumors’ should be excluded.
Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) Predation on Agouti (Dasyprocta punctata)1
Authors: Aliaga‐Rossel Enzo , Moreno Ricardo S. , Kays Roland W. , Giacalone Jacalyn 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTWe collected details on the predation of four agoutis (Dasyprocta punctata) by ocelots (Leopardus pardalis). All kills were made outside of the typical agouti activity period (<0500 h). Agoutis were captured from behind and killed with a bite through the back of the skull. The kill sites for two female agoutis were significantly closer to their den sites than expected, while kill sites for two males were not. All carcasses were completely covered by leaves during the day and were fed on during night hours. Predation by ocelots can be a significant cause of mortality for agoutis at Barro Colorado Island (BCI).
The universal rotation curve of spiral galaxies
Authors: Kirillov A. A. , Turaev D. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The observed strong dark-to-luminous matter coupling is described by a bias relation between visible and dark matter sources. We discuss the bias which emerges in the case where the topological structure of the Universe at very large distances does not properly match that of the Friedman space. With the use of such ‘topological’ bias, we construct the universal rotation curve (URC) for spirals which happens to be in striking agreement with the empirically known URC. We also show that the topological bias explains the origin of the Tully–Fisher relation (L∼V4) and predicts peculiar oscillations in the URC with a characteristic length .
Subsurface Disposal of Liquid Industrial Wastes in Alabama—A Current Status Reporta
Authors: Tucker William E. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTFour subsurface disposal wells have been drilled and completed in Alabama. These are: Stauffer Chemical Company, Mobile County; Ciba‐Geigy, Inc., Washington County; U. S. Steel Corp., Jefferson County; and Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., Tuscaloosa County. The Geological Survey of Alabama has been directly involved in all four projects. The Survey served as a consultant to the Alabama Water Improvement Commission, the State agency responsible for protection of surface and ground water in Alabama, on the Stauffer and Ciba‐Geigy projects, and as consultant and supervisor on the U. S. Steel Corporation and Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., projects. These projects were undertaken as a research effort to insure that the responsible State agencies are fully cognizant of all aspects of this method of waste disposal. It is a policy in Alabama that subsurface disposal is permissible for some wastes if the well is properly designed and completed in an appropriate geologic environment and if conventional methods of waste treatment have been evaluated and proved to be inadequate.The Stauffer well, operating at 75 gallons per minute and 500 psi, is the only subsurface disposal system, other than oilfield brine disposal wells, that is currently in operation. The Stauffer and Ciba‐Geigy wells are in the Coastal Plains geological province and the U. S. Steel and Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., wells are in Paleozoic sediments of the Warrior Basin. A general discussion of the geology, drilling, completion, and testing techniques is presented for the two geologic provinces involved.
Subsurface Storage and Disposal in Illinoisa
Authors: Smith H. F. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThe storage of both liquids and gases in underground strata has become rather common in Illinois.The problem of disposal of fluid industrial wastes has caused greatest concern, especially for the possible effects on ground‐water quality. Necessary precautions have been established in the requirements of the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) which has authority to control, prevent, and abate pollution of streams, lakes, ponds, and other surface and underground waters in the State. Before any construction can begin on storage in subsurface strata, a permit must be secured from the IEPA. Eight basic design policies have been adopted that have to be met before a construction permit will be issued.Sandstone, limestone, and dolomite are the basic lithologies most commonly considered as potential disposal reservoirs in Illinois. From well cores of such formations, essential laboratory studies are conducted defining the rate of fluid movement, porosity, and permeability of the rock and the pressure distribution within the aquifer.Plugging of the injection horizon is the most serious cause of damage to a fluid injection system and results from the forming of an impermeable deposit on the well bore or plugging in the formation itself. In either case the plugging may result from a number of listed causes.To date there have been four industrial waste disposal wells in Illinois. Variation in conditions is illustrated by these cases of disposal wells that have been authorized by the State.The first practical use of underground gas storage in Illinois was at Waterloo in 1950. Since then, the number of projects and their capacities have grown continuously. At the present time there are 24 underground gas storage projects. Gas injection pressures must be kept below the fracturing pressure of the caprock. In underground gas storage reservoirs in Illinois, injection pressures of approximately 0.55 psi per foot are often used.Secondary recovery by water flooding accounted for 73.4 percent of the total oil production in Illinois during 1968. In that year there were 880 active projects in Illinois with 13,107 water injection wells that injected 2581 million gallons of water.
Feasibility of Recharging Treated Sewage Effluent into a Deep Sandstone Aquifera
Authors: Schicht Richard J. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTArtificial recharge with tertiary treated sewage effluent has been suggested as one remedial measure for projected ground‐water deficits in the Chicago region. A deep sandstone aquifer, an important source of ground water in the region, offers the best opportunity for artificial recharge. Recharge will be through wells since the aquifer is deeply buried. Expected problems in maintaining well injection capacity were studied by recharging treated effluent through formation cores of the sandstone. Some success was had in maintaining recharge rates at constant heads for several days.
Pesticide Contamination of a Shallow Bored Well in the Southeastern Coastal Plainsa
Authors: Lewallen M. J. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTA comprehensive examination was made of a shallow farm well which was contaminated with persistent pesticides when contaminated soil was used as backfill material around the well casing. The well location was less than 25 feet from a site previously used for flushing an insecticide sprayer.Pesticide level in the water has been monitored for more than 4 years, during which a gradual decline in concentration has occurred. Soil core samples taken in the area surrounding the well indicate relatively high surface contamination but very little downward movement. Sediment samples from the bottom of the well exhibited highest concentration of all samples.
Methods of Geologic Evaluation of Pollution Potential at Mountain Homesitesa
Authors: Waltz James P. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTDevelopment of mountain homesites is accelerating in the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado. These homesites often require individual water wells and sewage disposal systems. Unfortunately, the widely used septic tankleach field system generally is not suited for use in the mountainous terrain where soils are thin or missing. Although current federal regulations call for six feet or more of soil at the leach field site, many of the individual sewage disposal systems now in operation in the Rocky Mountain Region of Colorado fail to meet this requirement. Sewage effluent at these sites may directly enter bedrock fractures and travel large distances without being purified. As a consequence, contamination of streams, lakes, and ground water from these malfunctioning leach fields has become a problem of increasing magnitude.Investigations of geologic, topographic, and hydrologic conditions at over 100 homesites in the Rocky Mountains of north‐central Colorado have resulted in the development of objective criteria for evaluating pollution potential at mountain homesites. In addition, the results of these investigations indicate that contamination of water wells may be decreased significantly where geologic conditions are considered in the selection of sites for leach fields and wells. Although the results of these studies should be considered preliminary, they do tend to confirm that the orientation of jointing surfaces in the bedrock significantly affects the travel path of contaminants.
Salty Ground Water and Meteoric Flushing of Contaminated Aquifers in West Virginiaa
Authors: Wilmoth Benton M. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTSalty ground water is commonly encountered at relatively shallow depths of 100 to 300 feet beneath the major stream channels in the western half of West Virginia. Because of the wide distribution of salty ground water and connate brine at various depths, it is difficult to distinguish natural contamination from that caused by subsurface industrial activities. Natural changes in quality apparently are minor. The available historical data indicate no large‐scale natural variations in salt content during the period of record. Histories of some water well developments show unnatural large‐scale increases in salt content from various industrial activities that affect the fresh water zones. Some records also reveal decreases in salt content after the source of the salt was eliminated or after the subsurface activity responsible for artificial migration of the salt water was stopped.Artesian brine contaminated a fresh water aquifer in Fayette County. Chloride content changed from 53 mg/l to more than 1,900 mg/l in a period of 5½ years. When pumping was stopped, chloride content decreased to 55 mg/l in 10 years.Heavy pumping of well fields in Charleston during 1930 to 1956 accelerated migration upward of salt water. Chloride content increased from less than 100 mg/l to more than 300 mg/l in some wells and to more than 1,000 mg/l at individual wells. Pumpage has declined greatly since 1956 and chloride content has decreased below 200 mg/l at some of the contaminated wells.In an oil field of Kanawha County, a water well was contaminated by salt water accelerated by subsurface activities. Chloride content increased from less than 100 mg/l to more than 2,900 mg/l within 2 months. After the oil‐field activity was curtailed, chloride content decreased to 190 mg/l in about 2½ years. Road salt piles contaminated a carbonate aquifer in Monroe County. Chloride concentrations in wells located 1,500 feet from the piles increased from 185 mg/l to 1,000 mg/l in 5 years. The greatest change was 1,000 mg/l in 1969 to 7,200 mg/l in 1970 when the salt storage area was enlarged. All salt piles were removed in late 1970 and within 2 months chloride content decreased to 188 mg/l.