bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A PREDICTION OF STRUCTURAL LOAD AND RESPONSE OF A SWATH SHIP IN WAVES
Authors: REILLY EDWARD T. , SHIN YUNG S. , KOTTE ERNST H. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe small‐waterplane‐area‐twin‐hull (SWATH) ship has long been recognized as a promising high performance ship because of its superior seakeeping characteristics as compared to the conventional monohull or the catamaran ship.Over the years, many advancements in prediction methods for motions and wave loads of the SWATH ship have been published. Using this knowledge, a computational procedure for predicting structural load and response of the SWATH ship was developed and is presented here. The analytical method for wave load determination is based on a linear seakeeping theory where hydrodynamic interaction between the twin hulls has been included. The structural response of a SWATH ship can be calculated by using finite element models and hydrodynamic pressure distributions along the ship hulls.A correlation study has shown good agreement between calculated results and model test data of a 3,000‐ton SWATH ship in motions and loads, indicating that the analytical approaches could be used in assessing the seaworthiness and structural adequacy of SWATH designs.To demonstrate the computational procedure, a case study of a T‐AGOS 19 SWATH ship in sea state 7 was carried out. The calculated results of motions, loads, deflections, and stresses are presented and discussed. However, the fatigue life of the vessel has not been investigated in this paper.
NAVAL ENGINEERING ANALYSIS
Authors: PACE DALE K. , HUNT RICHARD J. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAnalysis pervades all aspects of naval engineering. It is used to determine requirements for new or upgraded systems and to explore concepts for their employment. It is used to evaluate performance. It is used to establish design characteristics. And it comes in many varieties.This paper addresses use and misuse of analysis in naval engineering. The paper is oriented toward managers of analytic endeavors rather than the practitioners of analysis. It does not deal in depth with how to perform particular analytic techniques. Instead it discusses general principles that should guide both the selection and application of analytic techniques. The paper identifies problems which are frequently encountered in analyses related to naval engineering and suggests ways to ameliorate their deleterious effects. These problems are addressed from both the perspective of the manager of analysis and that of the user or consumer of results from the analysis. Some of the challenges that face naval engineering analyses as a consequence of hardware and software improvements and of more sophisticated systems are also discussed.
Power Limited Design Approach for Combatant Ships
Authors: RAINS DEAN A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe usual design approach for combatants is to select the combat system and ship performance parameters and then determine all of the ship characteristics including the power plant size. Described in this paper is an alternative design approach wherein the power plant and electrical plant are selected after a sustained speed is chosen. Then the hull design, propulsor, transmission system and the various other subsystems can be selected to maximize the payload. The payload items are selected to match the weight and space available. The implication of the hull, mechanical and electrical (HM&E) selections are discussed. A series of examples is used to illustrate the importance of sustained speed, hull form, drag reduction approaches, propulsor and subsystem selection on payload size or combat system capability. The approach can also be used to assess the merits of various HM&E technologies for increasing the size of allowable payload. Twenty technologies are assessed using this approach and compared to each other for payload weight and volume increases. Four power limited ship designs, all using two gas turbine engines for main propulsion power, are compared in detail as examples of the approach. The designs are compared and assessed using survivability and mission effectiveness analyses. This assessment may assist and guide future design efforts. The viability and value of the power limited approach is discussed and conclusions are drawn.
Submersible Outboard Electric Motor/Propulsor
Authors: BROWN D. W. , REPP J. R. , TAYLOR O. S. 
Published: March 2009

Mr. Taylor has more than 18 years of experience in the field of research and development engineering. Since joining Westinghouse in 1974 he has been involved in the design and development of advanced electrical machinery including large, high power density motors for electric drive ship propulsion, pulsed homopolar generators for electromagnetic launchers, high current density contacts for switching applications, research in automated manufacturing, and robotic system development. He is currently managing a section that deals with rotating power equipment for military applications, with emphasis on thermal and electromagnetic modeling.ABSTRACTA demonstration submersible outboard electric motor/ propulsor has been designed, built, and successfully tested. This concept involves mounting a propeller directly inside a rotor of a specially designed induction motor. This motor/ propulsor has the advantages of direct seawater cooling and bearing lubrication, direct drive, shrouded propeller, variable positioning, easy access, and high maneuverability. The motor/propulsor is readily adaptable to dual, independently‐controlled and contra‐rotating propellers without the need for gears. The concept has been investigated conceptually for application to primary propulsion, secondary propulsion, and pod drives, for amphibious, surface, and undersea vehicles.
Central Power Generation System for U.S. Coast Guard Polar Icebreakers
Authors: WILKERSON LARRY A. , DAVIS CLAYTON W. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTOne of the more important decisions in overall ship design is the selection of the propulsion plant type, a consideration of particular significance for a polar class icebreaker. Propeller interactions with huge fragments of broken ice place added emphasis on the drive train's ability to operate and survive in an environment where rescue is difficult, dangerous and there fore costly, if not impossible. This paper describes the application of a new type of diesel electric machinery plant which is similar to these installed by other icebreaking nations of the world and which includes several features to correct certain troublesome problems experienced by their designs. The machinery plant presented improves on, but does not strain or surpass the current state of the art. The basic cutter configuration and certain auxiliary systems of interest are also described.
Full‐Scale Trials of Pre‐Swirl Vanes and Modified Propellers
Authors: SEDAT ROBERT D. , PURCELL EDWARD S. , HERVEY CAROL L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe rotational energy which is normally lost in the slipstream of a propeller can be recovered by properly designed pre‐swirl vanes, thus improving the propulsive efficiency. More recently, asymmetric vanes have been designed which also reduce the circumferential wake variations in the inflow to the propeller, thus reducing cavitation and vibration. In these experiments, an asymmetric vane set, designed to reduce the circumferential wake variations caused by an inclined propeller shaft, is tested on a 41‐ft. USCG twin‐screw utility boat. Fuel consumption, shaft torque, RPM and panel accelerations above the propellers are measured for two different propeller designs, with and without vane sets. The vanes produce significant fuel savings over most operating speeds for both types of tested propellers.
Technology Gaming
Authors: PACE DALE K. , MORAN DAVID D. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTWise investment of Department of Defense research and development (R&D) resources is becoming increasingly important. R&D policymakers and managers use a variety of means to guide their decisions. This paper discusses one of them: technology gaming. Technology gaming is a complement to traditional methods of technology forecasting, with technology gaming providing insights about constraints imposed upon advanced systems and technologies by operational environments and about their interactions with one another. The potential and practice of technology gaming are described, drawing upon experiences acquired from several technology gaming endeavors in 1988, including the Technology Initiatives 88 Game (TIG‐88) performed at the Naval War College under the joint‐sponsorship of the Office of Research, Development, and Acquisition in OpNav (OP‐098) and the Naval War College.
Current Limiting Protector for Low Voltage, High Current Applications
Authors: EMERY FRANKLIN T. , WU JUNG L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTA pyrotechnic current limiting interrupter (CLI) has been developed for use in high current, 60‐Hz, 480‐volt, 3‐phase electrical bus circuits. The interrupter design combines a high continuous current (4800 A rms) rating with a high current (210 kA rms sym.) interruption capability. Its electrical power loss is low and its mechanical construction uses no complex moving mechanisms. The CLI is used with a current sensor, electronic logic, and energy storage circuitry. The current sensor continuously monitors the current through the CLI and provides input to logic circuits which analyze and determine the validity of the fault condition. Both the fault current magnitude and rate of current increase are used in combination to make the decision when to activate the CLI. Using stored electrical energy, a detonator is activated causing an explosive cord to generate shock waves sufficient to cut the current carrying conductors. Detection and initiation of the interruption process occurs within 1/4 cycle for a symmetrical fault and within 1/2 cycle for an asymmetrical fault. The first peak in the fault current is limited to the first half cycle.
Electro‐Expulsive Separation System Shipboard Applications
Authors: EMBRY G.D. , ERSKINE R.W. , HASLIM L.A. , LOCKYER R.T. , McDONOUGH P.T. 
Published: March 2009

THE AUTHORS6ABSTRACTShipboard weather deck ice removal is a laborious, time consuming, dangerous task. The current operational scenario consists of sailors wielding hickory baseball bats. This paper describes a viable alternative, the Electro‐Expulsive Separation System (EESS), originally developed by NASA.EESS technology has been designed to remove ice from aircraft surfaces. Developmental testing, which led to acceptance of this new device, is discussed together with its theory of operation. The resultant aircraft applications are described.The need to adapt this aircraft technology for shipboard applications is recognized by the Navy, the Coast Guard, the State of Alaska, and the commercial shipbuilding industry. Fishing vessels risk sinking every winter due to excessive ice accumulation on their decks and superstructure. Navy and Coast Guard cold water operations have been hampered for centuries due to severe ice accumulation during inclement weather.With the encouragement and cooperation of the State of Alaska, an EESS test program was formulated and subsequently conducted aboard an Alaskan Resources vessel in the Bering Sea. This testing is described, with lessons learned. Future test programs are identified, requisite for successful adaptation of this technology to combat and commercial shipboard applications.
Identification of Self Noise Sources in a Ship
Authors: CHAKRAVORTY P.K. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTNoise and vibration are generally related to each other; however, on board a ship it is often very difficult to understand how one contributes to the other. This paper describes an investigation that was undertaken to identify the major sources of self noise on a ship that reported a relatively high level of self noise. The investigation shows that when the ship's speed was below 15 knots the main engine and hull vibration were the main sources of self noise, while propeller cavitation was the major cause of noise at speeds beyond 15 knots.
Productivity: How to Organize the Management and How to Manage the Organization
Authors: CHIRILLO CDR. LOUIS D. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTWithout acceptance of a product work breakdown structure for the construction, modernization and overhaul of ships, a shipyard will not enter what is now being called the information age. With too few exceptions, top managers have yet to demonstrate the knowledge, courage, and leadership required to reorganize and remold entrenched middle managers who are functional specialists, each concerned with a parochial interest. The information age requires generalists who are dedicated to constantly improving entire manufacturing systems. As means to encourage adoption of a product work breakdown structure, this paper discusses: a basic product organization, its benefits, and its unique ability to generate data, without which a manager is not in full charge of a shipyard, public or private.
Conceptional Considerations for a Towed Vessel Safety Knowledge System
Authors: LATORRE ROBERT , LE SAGE MAURICIO 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTA new model is introduced for avoiding accidents where a tugboat capsizes or trips when towing a larger vessel. The development of the Tripping Avoidance Knowledge Base (TAKB) is described in terms of the relevant descriptive parameters, the graphical representation of the knowledge base and its conversion to a decision matrix is also shown.As with any AI application in a new and promising area, there are many unclear points which this paper highlights. The paper closes with the authors' recommendations for future development and refinement of the knowledge base.
The Command Support At‐Sea Experiment
Authors: BUSCHER DAVID J. , SUNDAY DANIEL M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe Command Support At‐Sea Experiment (CS@SE) provides experimental advanced graphics display systems consisting of large screen color displays and operator console color displays in the combat information center (CIC) of an Aegis cruiser and in the tactical flag command center (TFCC) of an aircraft carrier. CS@SE systems are designed to prototype potential command support capabilities in an at‐sea environment to validate and refine requirements for planned production system upgrades. These systems use sophisticated color graphics techniques to provide real‐time tactical displays that improve the availability of information to an operator by reducing clutter through the use of color, area fill, transparen overlays and intensity coding of track symbols. Interfaces wen developed with the Aegis Display System (ADS), Shipboarc Gridlock System with Auto‐correlation (SGS/AC), Flag Dats Display System (FDDS) and Tomahawk Engagement Planning and Exercise Evaluation System (TEPEE) that provided the data for the presentation of a tactical display. Display elements included both real‐time and over‐the‐horizon (OTH) surface track data, velocity leaders, tags, uncertainty ellipses, and history trails. The display also included filled land masses, country boundaries, commercial airways, cities, graphics overlays (i.e., operational areas), weapon system missile performance contours, and engagement plans. This paper describes the experiment, its installation and integration into the shipboard environments of an Aegis cruiser (USS Leyte Gulf) and an aircraft carrier (USS America, its usage by the ships companies and embarked staffs, and the experiment result! and findings.Key conclusions of the experiment are:

Advanced graphics color displays can significantly enhance the ability of the warfighter to assimilate a complex tactical display.
Both ships reported a requirement for a correlated OTH and real‐time track display with the ability to clearly differentiate the two types of tracks on the display.
On‐line data bases such as detailed maps, airways, political boundaries, and cities provide important information that enhances the tactical track picture and the decision making process.
Classical rapid prototyping permits the validation of proposed command support concepts in an operational environment and permits some engineering evaluation of possible future capabilities.
Development and Certification of HSLA ‐100 Steel for Naval Ship Construction
Authors: CZYRYCA ERNEST J. , LINK RICHARD E. , WONG RICHARD J. , AYLOR DENISE A. , MONTEMARANO THOMAS W. , GUDAS JOHN P. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTA significant tonnage of HY‐100 steel has been used in the structural designs of new ships and submarines for weight reduction, where HT and HY‐80 steels had been previously used. A reduction in hull fabrication costs and higher productivity can be achieved by substitution of an HSLA steel for HY‐100. The significant factor in cost savings through use of HSLA steel in fabrication is the reduction or elimination of preheat for welding. Based on the success of the HSLA‐80 steel system, a program was initiated to develop and certify an HSLA‐100 steel as a replacement for HY‐100 in order to reduce fabrication costs. The alloy development and evaluation to support the certification of HSLA‐100 steel plate and weldments for surface combatant structural and ballistic protection applications are summarized.HSLA‐100 development consisted of three phases: (1) laboratory alloy development to formulate an interim specification; (2) trial steel mill plate production; and (3) plate production for the certification program. An interim specification for HSLA‐100 steel plate was used as the basis for the commercial production of over 200 tons of HSLA‐100 by domestic steel plate mills. The alloy design of HSLA‐100 represents a significantly different metallurgy and microstructure than HSLA‐80 steel, but retains the wettability of very low carbon steel.The certification program was conducted to establish the properties, welding characteristics, fabricability, and structural performance of HSLA‐100 steel plate over a range of gages from 1/4 to 3 3/4 inches. The certification program included the characterization of production HSLA‐100 steel plate mechanical, physical, and fracture properties; evaluation of wettability and welding process limits for structures of high restraint; studies of fatigue properties and effects of marine environments on HSLA‐100; and the fabrication and evaluation of large scale structural models to validate the laboratory developed welding process parameters.The properties and wettability demonstrated by HSLA‐100 steel resulted in certification of HSLA‐100 as a replacement for HY‐100 for surface ship structures and ballistic protection.
Application of LAN Standards to the Navy's Combat Systems
Authors: GREEN DANIEL T. , MARLOW DAVID T. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTSAFENET (Survivable Adaptable Fiber Optic Embedded Network) specifies a subset of the large and evolving set of commercial LAN standards. The SAFENET subset is chosen for use in Navy combat systems and augments this subset with additional specifications only when commercial standards fall short of meeting Navy needs. SAFENET is also a program designed to influence the development of commercial standards so that they will better meet Navy needs without augmentation. The SAFENET program involves the full Navy development community, both government and industrial, in selecting and developing the SAFENET set of standards and specifications. The SAFENET program is the earliest component of the U.S. Navy's Next Generation Computer Resources Program which is selecting and developing standards for computing resources in future Navy systems. This paper discusses: the Navy combat system environment in which products compliant with SAFENET standards are intended to work, the development process, the framework in which commercial standards are organized, the capabilities included in SAFENET, and the current status of SAFENET compliant products.
An Analytical Model of the Floating Dry Dock ARDM‐3
Authors: POOLE PATRICK K. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe characteristics of a floating dry dock and the ship to be docked can be programmed into an analytical model developed on a personal computer generating accurate predictions of all parameters of interest to the docking officer. The dry dock model allows for the rapid generation of the ballast tank levels required to raise the ship and dock while providing the expected dock draft, basin height, stability parameters, and longitudinal deflection predictions at all critical times during the docking evolution for any realistic ship load and desired position. Such a model is developed herein for the floating dry dock ARDM‐3, located at the Charleston Naval Shipyard, S.C.
Seawolf On‐Board Logistics
Authors: VOLPE MARGARET S. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAs a result of the Computer‐aided Acquisition and Logistic Support Program, as well as major advances in computer technology, the submarine community has a unique opportunity to change how logistic data are handled on‐board the submarine.The submarine community is developing a highly integrated logistic data base as well as drawings and textual information delivered in digital format. By taking advantage of maintenance, supply and training information developed in an electronic format, the submarine community can change the way that logistic information is delivered to the ultimate user — the sailor on the deck plate. Development of the Submarine Onboard Logistic Data System provides a means for improving technical manuals, on‐board training, maintenance, and configuration management.This paper describes the needs that must be met by the Submarine On‐board Logistic Data System. It also describes how the system will interface with existing technology such as the Shipboard Non‐Tactical ADP Program (SNAP), various approaches to automated technical information, and projects to automate on‐board training. Implementation of this system will improve logistic support throughout the life cycle of a submarine.
Halon 1301 Test Gas Simulants
Authors: DINENNO P.J. , FORSSELL E.W. , BACK G.G. , OUELLETTE R.J. , FULPER C. , MCCRORY D. , BARYLSKI D. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAD new and retrofit installations of Halon 1301 total flooding fire protection systems in U.S. Navy shipboard machinery spaces require an acceptance discharge test. The primary reason for this testing is the verification of system design and performance (discharge time, initial concentration, maintenance of concentration, etc.). It is desirable to use a simulant instead of Halon 1301 in these tests in view of its contribution to stratospheric ozone depletion.Sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, was identified as a possible simulant on the basis of its similarity to Halon 1301 in physical and chemical properties. A detailed investigation was performed on the use of SF6 as a simulant, which led to a full scale evaluation on board the USS Chancellorsville (CG‐62). This investigation demonstrated that sulfur hexafluoride is an excellent simulant for Halon 1301 in acceptance discharge tests of total flooding fire protection systems.As a direct consequence, the U.S. Navy has begun to use SF6 in their acceptance discharge tests. The transition from testing with Halon 1301 to testing with SF6 was completed by March 1990.