bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural insertion/deletion variation in IRF5 is associated with a risk haplotype and defines the precise IRF5 isoforms expressed in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kozyrev Sergey V. , Lewén Susanna , Reddy Prasad M. V. Linga , Pons‐Estel Bernardo ,   Argentine Collaborative Group, Witte Torsten ,   German Collaborative Group, Junker Peter , Laustrup Helle , Gutiérrez Carmen , Suárez Ana , Francisca González‐Escribano Maria , Martín Javier ,   Spanish Collaborative Group, Alarcón‐Riquelme Marta E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether specific isoforms of IRF5 are transcribed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who have risk genotypes in the exon 1B donor splice site at single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) no. rs2004640.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from SLE patients and healthy controls from Argentina, Spain, and Germany and from trio families from Spain and Denmark. A reporter assay was used to investigate the role of SNP no. rs2004640. IRF5 expression in relation to the genotypes of functional SNPs was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Sequencing and genotyping of the IRF5 gene was performed.ResultsSequencing of complementary DNA from individuals with different genotypes showed 4 basic isoforms transcribed from all 5′‐untranslated regions (5′‐UTRs), suggesting no preferential isoform transcription based on rs2004640 genotypes. Analysis of translation efficiency showed that exon 1A was the most efficient in initiating protein synthesis. We identified a novel polymorphic insertion/deletion that defines the pattern of expression of isoforms of IRF5. The insertion consists of 4 repeats in exon 6 affecting the protein interaction domain. The insertion segregates in the risk haplotype with the high expression allele of a poly(A) site SNP no. rs10954213 and the exon 1B donor splice allele of the 5′‐UTR SNP no. rs2004640. The poly(A) polymorphism correlated with levels of IRF5 in cells stimulated with interferon‐α. The SNP most strongly associated with SLE was SNP no. rs2070197 (P = 5.2 × 10−11), which is a proxy of the risk haplotype, but does not appear to be functional.ConclusionNone of the functional variants investigated in this study is strongly associated with SLE, with the exception of the exon 1B donor splice site, and its functional importance appears to be small. Our results suggest that there may be other functional polymorphisms, yet to be identified, in IRF5. We did not observe evidence of epistatic interaction between the functional SNPs.
Risk of serious bacterial infections among rheumatoid arthritis patients exposed to tumor necrosis factor α antagonists
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Patkar Nivedita , Xie Aiyuan , Martin Carolyn , Allison Jeroan J. , Saag Michael , Shatin Deborah , Saag Kenneth G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of serious bacterial infections associated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) antagonists among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of US RA patients enrolled in a large health care organization identified patients who received either TNFα antagonists or methotrexate (MTX). Administrative data were used to identify hospitalizations with possible bacterial infections; corresponding medical records were abstracted and reviewed by infectious disease specialists for evidence of definite infections. Proportional hazards models evaluated time‐dependent infection risks associated with TNFα antagonists.ResultsHospital medical records with claims‐identified suspected bacterial infections were abstracted (n = 187) among RA patients who received TNFα antagonists (n = 2,393; observation time 3,894 person‐years) or MTX (n = 2,933; 4,846 person‐years). Over a median followup time of 17 months, the rate of hospitalization with a confirmed bacterial infection was 2.7% among the patients treated with TNFα antagonists compared with 2.0% among the patients treated with MTX only. The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of infection among the patients who received TNFα antagonists was 1.9 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.3–2.8) compared with patients who received MTX only. The incidence of infections was highest within 6 months after initiating TNFα antagonist therapy (2.9 versus 1.4 infections per 100 person‐years; multivariable‐adjusted HR 4.2, 95% CI 2.0–8.8).ConclusionThe multivariable‐adjusted risk of hospitalization with a physician‐confirmed definite bacterial infection was ∼2‐fold higher overall and 4‐fold higher in the first 6 months among patients receiving TNFα antagonists versus those receiving MTX alone. RA patients were at increased risk of serious infections, irrespective of the method used to define an infectious outcome. Patients and physicians should vigilantly monitor for signs of infection when using TNFα antagonists, particularly shortly after treatment initiation.
Interstitial pneumonitis in Blau syndrome with documented mutation in CARD15
Authors: Becker Mara L. , Martin Tammy M. , Doyle Trudy M. , Rosé Carlos D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis is the first report of a CARD15 mutation–positive patient with Blau syndrome who exhibited interstitial lung disease, a feature historically considered absent from Blau syndrome, while typical of the adult form of sarcoidosis. This case illustrates the continued evolution of the phenotype of a disease initially conceived as a familial inflammatory granulomatous disease limited to the triad of synovitis, dermatitis, and uveitis.
Association between valgus and varus alignment and the development and progression of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Brouwer G. M. , Tol A. W. Van , Bergink A. P. , Belo J. N. , Bernsen R. M. D. , Reijman M. , Pols H. A. P. , Bierma‐Zeinstra S. M. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveAlthough knee malalignment is assumed to correlate with knee osteoarthritis (OA), it is still unknown whether malalignment precedes the development of OA or whether it is a result of OA. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between malalignment and the development of knee OA as well as progression of knee OA.MethodsA total of 1,501 participants in the Rotterdam study were randomly selected. Knee OA at baseline and at followup (mean followup 6.6 years) was scored according to the Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grading system. Alignment was measured by the femorotibial angle on radiographs at baseline. Multivariable logistic regression for repeated measurements was used to analyze the association of malalignment with the development and progression of OA.ResultsOf 2,664 knees, 1,012 (38%) were considered to have normal alignment, 693 (26%) had varus alignment, and 959 (36%) had valgus alignment. A comparison of valgus alignment and normal alignment showed that valgus alignment was associated with a borderline significant increase in development of knee OA (odds ratio [OR] 1.54, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.97–2.44), and varus alignment was associated with a 2‐fold increased risk (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.28–3.32). Stratification for body mass index showed that this increased risk was especially seen in overweight and obese individuals but not in non‐overweight persons. The risk of OA progression was also significantly increased in the group with varus alignment compared with the group with normal alignment (OR 2.90, 95% CI 1.07–7.88).ConclusionAn increasing degree of varus alignment is associated not only with progression of knee OA but also with development of knee OA. However, this association seems particularly applicable to overweight and obese persons.
A randomized crossover trial of a wedged insole for treatment of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Baker Kristin , Goggins Joyce , Xie Hui , Szumowski Karen , LaValley Michael , Hunter David J. , Felson David T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveIn uncontrolled studies, a lateral‐wedge insole has reduced knee pain in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of this simple, low‐cost intervention for pain in patients with medial knee OA.MethodsWe conducted a double‐blind, randomized, crossover trial designed to detect a small effect of treatment. Participants were at least 50 years of age and had medial joint space narrowing on posteroanterior semiflexed radiographs and scores indicating moderate pain for 2 of the 5 items on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain scale. Participants were randomized to receive a 5° lateral‐wedge insole or a neutral insole for 6 weeks. Following a 4‐week washout period, participants crossed over to the other treatment for 6 weeks. Knee pain, the primary outcome, was assessed by the WOMAC pain scale (visual analog scale version). Secondary outcomes included the WOMAC disability subscale, overall knee pain, 50‐feet walk time, chair‐stand time, and use of medications for knee pain.ResultsNinety patients were randomized. The mean difference in pain between the 2 treatments was 13.8 points on the WOMAC pain scale (95% confidence interval −3.9, 31.4 [P = 0.13]). We observed similar small effects for the secondary outcomes.ConclusionThe effect of treatment with a lateral‐wedge insole for knee OA was neither statistically significant nor clinically important.
Probabilistic models for medical insurance claims
Authors: Tessera Abebe 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe paper develops two probabilistic models for claim size in health insurance based on the claims of families and individuals covered by the policy. First, general models for the numbers of families and persons covered by a medical insurance are developed. These are then used to construct models for claim size. Applications of these general models are then analysed and discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of general education at Clayton State College
Authors: Rice Bradley R. , McElroy Elliott W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article is an excerpt from a report issued by Clayton State College and from an article by B. R. Rice and E. W. McElroy, “General Education at Clayton State College” in Outcomes: The Quarterly Journal of the Network for Outcome‐Based Schools, 10 (1), Spring 1991.
Poland syndrome associated with an aberrant subclavian artery and vascular abnormalities of the retina in a child exposed to misoprostol during pregnancy
Authors: Rosa Rafael Fabiano Machado , Travi Giovanni M. , Valiatti Fabiana , Zen Paulo Ricardo Gazzola , Pinto Louise Lapagesse , Kiss Andrea , Graziadio Carla , Paskulin Giorgio Adriano 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND:Poland syndrome has been attributed to a process of vascular disruption, and exposure to misoprostol at 6–8 weeks of gestation has been shown to produce defects attributed to vascular disruption. Herein we report the first case of a patient with Poland syndrome associated with an aberrant subclavian artery and vascular abnormalities of the retina, whose mother used misoprostol during pregnancy.CASE:A White boy of 1 year and 7 months of age, whose mother used misoprostol during the second month of pregnancy, presented with bilateral epicanthal folds, aplasia of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major muscle with a hypoplastic nipple on the right side, and asymmetry between the upper limbs. The results of an angiotomographic study showed the presence of an aberrant right subclavian artery. Ultrasonographic evaluation showed turbulence and a high peak in the diastolic velocity in both carotid arteries, suggesting stenosis. Ophthalmologic assessment disclosed an intense bilateral tortuosity of the retinal blood vessels, with arterialnarrowing and rarefaction of the retinal pigment epithelium.CONCLUSIONS:This case suggests that the mechanism of vascular disruption of misoprostol could be related to the aberrant subclavian artery and the observed Poland syndrome. His retinal findings are different from those in cases described thus far in the literature, and this pattern of anomaly has never been associated with a gestational exposure to misoprostol. The possibility of a relationship of the aberrant right subclavian artery and the pattern of blood flow verified in the carotid arteries with the eye fundus abnormalities could be causally related or simply coincidental. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Behavior modification and the principle of normalization: clash or synthesis?
Authors: Ntinas Konstantinos M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyze the relationship between the principle of normalization and behavior modification with reference to the use of moderate punishment. Applying the normalization ideology through non‐aversive strategies alone has resulted in poor outcomes. Research demonstrates that moderate punishment can be a useful aid towards the development of normative interventions. In this way the negative implications of the dogmatic equation of ‘normativeness’ with non‐aversiveness on the effectiveness of intervention are avoided. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The non‐problem of free will in forensic psychiatry and psychology
Authors: Morse Stephen J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article demonstrates that there is no free will problem in forensic psychiatry by showing that free will or its lack is not a criterion for any legal doctrine and it is not an underlying general foundation for legal responsibility doctrines and practices. There is a genuine metaphysical free will problem, but the article explains why it is not relevant to forensic practice. Forensic practitioners are urged to avoid all usage of free will in their forensic thinking and work product because it is irrelevant and spawns confusion. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free will in context: a contemporary philosophical perspective
Authors: Grim Patrick 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPhilosophical work on free will is inevitably framed by the problem of free will and determinism. This paper offers an overview of the current state of the philosophical art. Early sections focus on quantum indeterminism, an outline of the most influential logical argument for incompatibilism between free will and determinism, and telling problems that face incompatibilism. A major portion of the paper focuses on the compatiblist alternative, favored by many working philosophers. The conditional account of free will offered by classical compatibilism can be shown to be inadequate. A number of compatibilist options remain open, however, and seem promising for future research. These include ‘hierarchical’ or ‘mesh’ accounts of free will, normative perspectives and an approach to free will in terms of an emphasis on context. Final sections draw out the implications of contemporary compatibilism for the brain and behavioral sciences and for the law. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A brief history of the concept of free will: issues that are and are not germane to legal reasoning
Authors: Cary Phillip 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExamining the history of the concept of free will helps distinguish metaphysical issues beyond the interest of a court of law from considerations about the nature of human action germane to legal reasoning. The latter include Plato's conception of the rational governance of the soul and Aristotle's conception of voluntary action, both of which arose before Hellenistic philosophers propounded analogues of modern positions against determinism (Epicureans) or for the compatibility of free will and determinism (Stoics). The concept of will itself also has a history, being first conceived as a distinct power by Augustine. Modern physics raised new problems about free will, as human motivations began to look less like rational perceptions of the good and more like mechanistic causes. Contemporary philosophy has not solved the problem of free will but has spun off analyses of the nature of action and moral responsibility that are of interest for legal reasoning. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The historical debate on brain and legal responsibility—revisited
Authors: Kroeber Hans‐Ludwig 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe actual discussion on brain research, free will, and legal responsibility repeats all the arguments of a very similar discussion in central Europe 100 years ago, around 1900. Already back then the idea that human perception, emotions, thinking and behavior have a material basis was not new. It is conditioned and limited by the structure and workings of the brain. This applies to sane and sick brains alike. In this debate criminality was made a topic of biology by interpreting it as a symptom of genetic “degeneration”. In regard to brain damage in humans with socially deviant behavior, psychiatry claimed responsibility for a large proportion of criminals. This article lays out some important positions of psychiatry and jurisprudence in this debate on the foundations of legal responsibility and their impact up to now. The debate leads to the conclusion that human behavior cannot be described adequately in physical terms of cause and effect. The psychological approach to describe reasons, motives and intentions is substantially more appropriate. This method is also accepted by criminal law. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Common components and specific weight analysis and multiple co‐inertia analysis applied to the coupling of several measurement techniques
Authors: Hanafi M. , Mazerolles G. , Dufour E. , Qannari E. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe present paper compares two multiblock techniques: the Common Components and Specific Weights Analysis (CCSWA) and the Multiple Co‐inertia Analysis (MCoA). Both methods are used to (1) to investigate the relationships among various data tables and (2) to extract latent variables from information of different nature, reflecting different facets of a food product. Our objective is to study the ability of these methods to extract, from a set of data tables, latent characteristics which are representative of the whole modifications brought to a complex system (food product) by a modification of a given process factor. The comparison of these methods is based on the investigation of their conceptual framework by particularly highlighting new properties of CCSWA. Moreover, the two techniques of analysis are compared on the basis of a case study in cheese processing where each cheese sample is described by different kinds of measurements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Anthracene‐Appended β‐Cyclodextrin‐Based Dyad: Study of Self‐Assembly and Photoinduced Electron‐Transfer Processes
Authors: Balan Bijitha , Gopidas Karical R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe self‐assembly of a β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD)‐based supramolecular dyad is reported, in which the donor anthracene moiety is covalently linked to the smaller rim of the β‐CD and the acceptor pyromellitic diimide (PMDI) is encapsulated within the β‐CD cavity. Encapsulation of the PMDI into the β‐CD cavity was studied by a variety of techniques, which suggested that PMDI is encapsulated so as to position the aromatic part at the centre of the cavity with the 2‐propyl end at the narrower rim among the overhanging primary OH groups and the N‐ethylpyridinium end situated at the wider rim exposed to water. Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) in the system was studied by fluorescence quenching and laser flash photolysis techniques. At [PMDI]<10−4 M, the equilibrium is in favour of the free molecules, and under these conditions fluorescence quenching is negligible and diffusion‐mediated electron transfer involving the triplet excited state of anthracene predominates. At higher concentrations of PMDI, the equilibrium is largely in favour of the supramolecular dyad and intra‐ensemble PET processes predominate. The experimentally determined electron‐transfer rate constant agrees very well with that calculated by using the Marcus equation. It was observed that a fraction of the ion pairs survived for more than 200 μs.
Solution and Solid‐State Preparation of 18‐Crown[6] Complexes with M[HSO4]n Salts (M = NH4+, K+, Sr2+ and n = 1, 2) and an Investigation of Solvation/Desolvation Processes and Crystal Polymorphism
Authors: Braga Dario , Gandolfi Massimo , Lusi Matteo , Paolucci Demis , Polito Marco , Rubini Katia , Grepioni Fabrizia 
Published: March 2007

Abstract18‐Crown[6] ether has been used to prepare a new class of organic–inorganic complexes of general formula 18‐crown[6]⋅M[HSO4]n (where M = NH4+, K+, Sr2+ and n = 1, 2) by reacting directly in solution or in the solid state the crown ether 18‐crown[6] with inorganic salts such as [NH4][HSO4], K[HSO4], and Sr[HSO4]2. The structures of 18‐crown[6]⋅[NH4][HSO4]⋅2 H2O (1⋅2 H2O), 18‐crown[6]⋅[NH4][HSO4] (1), 18‐crown[6]⋅K[HSO4]⋅2 H2O (2⋅2 H2O), 18‐crown[6]⋅K[HSO4] (2), and 18‐crown[6]⋅Sr[HSO4]2 (3) have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The reversible water loss in compounds 1⋅2 H2O and 2⋅2 H2O leads to formation of the corresponding anhydrous phases 18‐crown[6]⋅[NH4][HSO4] (1), and 18‐crown[6]⋅K[HSO4] (2), which undergo, on further heating, enantiotropic solid‐solid transitions very likely associated with the on‐set of a solid state dynamical process. Similar high‐temperature behavior is shown by 18‐crown[6]⋅Sr[HSO4]2 (3). The dehydration and phase‐transition processes have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and variable temperature X‐ray powder diffraction.
Determination of the absolute configurations of flexible molecules: Synthesis and theoretical simulation of electronic circular dichroism/optical rotation of some pyrrolo[2,3‐b]indoline alkaloids—A case study
Authors: Giorgio Egidio , Tanaka Katsunori , Verotta Luisella , Nakanishi Koji , Berova Nina , Rosini Carlo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe paper describes the synthesis and chiroptical properties of (−)‐1,2,3,3a,8,8a,‐hexahydro‐1,3a‐dimethyl‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]indole, (−)‐1, one of the monomeric units of many flexible polypyrroloindoline alkaloids and (−)‐chimonanthine, (−)‐2. The aim of this investigation is to show that, under certain circumstances, namely, with molecules for which the sign and order of magnitude of [α]D are determined by the lowest‐energy valence‐shell transitions (referred to as class (a) molecules), a small basis set calculation of chiroptical properties provides reliable results, and that such a treatment can be employed for absolute configurational assignment of larger oligomers, for which the increased flexibility renders the analysis as formidable task. Actually, as the aforementioned two molecules belong to class (a) systems, a TDDFT/B3LYP/6‐31G* calculation of the ECD and ORD spectra gives rise to a more than satisfactory simulation of these data, assuming the reported absolute configurations. In other words, the use of the TDDFT/B3LYP method with the small 6‐31G* basis set enables one to treat large and flexible molecules such as (−)‐2 (52 atoms and 6 conformers) by usage of a simple PC in about 2 weeks. This protocol demonstrates that an ab initio prediction of ECD/ORD spectra results in reliable assignments of absolute configuration of even relatively large natural products, thus economizing computation time. Chirality, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.