bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular Hydroarylations of ω‐Aryloxy‐ and Arylamino‐Tethered α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Lu Hai‐Hua , Liu Hui , Wu Wei , Wang Xu‐Fan , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEconomical approach: The first organocatalytic asymmetric intramolecular hydroarylation of phenol‐ and aniline‐derived enals offers one of the most straightforward and atom‐economic approaches to enantioriched chromans and tetrahydroquinolines (up to 96 % ee; see scheme).magnified image
ChemInform Abstract: A Bio‐Inspired Copper Catalyst System for Practical Catalytic Cyanation of Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Schareina Thomas , Zapf Alexander , Cotte Alain , Mueller Nikolaus , Beller Matthias 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilization of NHC‐Bearing Palladium Catalysts on Polyvinylpyridine: Applications in Suzuki—Miyaura and Hartwig—Buchwald Reactions under Batch and Continuous‐Flow Conditions.
Authors: Mennecke Klaas , Kirschning Andreas 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High throughput multiplexed method for evaluation of enantioselective performance of chiral selectors by HPLC‐ESI‐MS and dynamic titration: Cinchona alkaloid carbamates discriminating N‐blocked amino acids
Authors: Fryčák Petr , Schug Kevin A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBecause of the generally different interaction of enantiomers with biological systems, there has been an ever increasing demand for artificial highly enantioselective systems that can facilitate separation processes involved in the research and development of enantiomerically pure drugs. Such systems may be discovered by large‐scale screening of compound libraries which warrants rapid and cost‐efficient screening methods. Here, we demonstrate enantioselectivity determination for systems of cinchona alkaloid carbamates and N‐blocked amino acids using HPLC‐MS and the recently developed dynamic titration technique (Fryčák P, Schug KA. Anal Chem 2008;80:1385‐1393). A mixture of nine N‐blocked amino acids (either D or L enantiomers) was separated on a reversed‐phase column with cinchona alkaloid carbamates added postcolumn. Dissociation constants of the observed noncovalent complexes were determined from the HPLC‐MS data. Enantioselectivity was then calculated from the dissociation constants, pointing out the best performing systems. For these systems, apparent dissociation constants were measured for the whole range of enantiomeric composition and were shown to obey a proposed theoretical model. Chirality, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral separation of catechin by capillary electrophoresis using mono‐, di‐, tri‐succinyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as chiral selectors
Authors: Kim Hyunmyung , Choi Youngjin , Lim Jun , Paik Seung‐R , Jung Seunho 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe chiral separation of (±)‐catechin was investigated by capillary electrophoresis using characterized succinyl‐β‐cyclodextrins (Suc‐β‐CDs) with one to three degree of substitution values. The effects of nature and concentration of Suc‐β‐CDs and running buffer pH on the migration time and resolution of (±)‐catechin are discussed. All three kinds of Suc‐β‐CDs show a clear baseline separation of (±)‐catechin in capillary electrophoresis. Mono‐Suc‐β‐CD effectively separated (±)‐catechin, and additional substituted CDs (di‐ and tri‐Suc‐β‐CD) were capable of chiral separation at a broad pH range. The optimum running conditions were found to be 100 mM borate buffer (pH 9.8) containing 5 mM mono‐Suc‐β‐CD with no methanol organic modifier. Chirality, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, SAR, and Biological Evaluation of α‐Sulfonylphosphonic Acids as Selective Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
Authors: Rubino Maria Teresa , Agamennone Mariangela , Campestre Cristina , Fracchiolla Giuseppe , Laghezza Antonio , Loiodice Fulvio , Nuti Elisa , Rossello Armando , Tortorella Paolo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSelective MMP inhibitors: Eleven α‐sulfonylphosphonates were synthesized and tested as MMP inhibitors. The IC50 values for most of them are in the nanomolar range against MMP‐2, ‐8, ‐13, and ‐14, with an interesting selectivity profile versus MMP‐9.magnified imageEleven simple α‐sulfonylphosphonates, new analogues of previously reported α‐sulfonylaminophosphonates, were prepared and tested as MMP inhibitors. The IC50 values of most of these compounds are in the nanomolar range against MMP‐2, ‐8, ‐13, and ‐14. Compound 11 proved to be the most effective inhibitor of MMP‐2 (IC50=60 nM), with interesting selectivity versus the antitarget enzymes MMP‐3 and MMP‐9. The mode of binding of the new phosphonates in the active site of MMP‐2 was studied, and variations in inhibition was explained by means of molecular modeling.
Association of marijuana use and the incidence of testicular germ cell tumors
Authors: Daling Janet R. , Doody David R. , Sun Xiaofei , Trabert Britton L. , Weiss Noel S. , Chen Chu , Biggs Mary L. , Starr Jacqueline R. , Dey Sudhansu K. , Schwartz Stephen M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The incidence of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) has been increasing the past 4 to 6 decades; however, exposures that account for this rise have not been identified. Marijuana use also grew during the same period, and it has been established that chronic marijuana use produces adverse effects on the human endocrine and reproductive systems. In this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that marijuana use is a risk factor for TGCT.METHODS:A population‐based, case‐control study of 369 men ages 18 to 44 years who were diagnosed with TGCT from January 1999 through January 2006 was conducted in King, Pierce and Snohomish Counties in Washington State. The responses of these men to questions on their lifetime marijuana use were compared with the responses of 979 age‐matched controls who resided in the same 3 counties during the case diagnosis period.RESULTS:Men with a TGCT were more likely to be current marijuana smokers at the reference date compared with controls (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.1‐2.5). In analyses according to histologic type, most of the association between current marijuana use and TGCT was observed in men who had nonseminomas/mixed histology tumors (current use: OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3‐4.0). Age at first use among current users (age <18 years [OR, 2.8] vs age ≥18 years [OR, 1.3]) and frequency of use (daily or weekly [OR, 3.0] vs less than once per week [OR, 1.8]) appeared to modify the risk.CONCLUSIONS:An association was observed between marijuana use and the occurrence of nonseminoma TGCTs. Additional studies of TGCTs will be needed to test this hypothesis, including molecular analyses of cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoid signaling, which may provide clues regarding the biologic mechanisms of TGCTs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
A new autosomal STR nineplex for canine identification and parentage testing
Authors: van Asch Barbara , Alves Cíntia , Gusmão Leonor , Pereira Vânia , Pereira Filipe , Amorim António 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA single multiplex PCR assay capable of simultaneously amplifying nine canine‐specific autosomal STR markers (FH3210, FH3241, FH2004, FH2658, FH4012, REN214L11, FH2010, FH2361 and the newly described C38) was developed for individual identification and parentage testing in domestic dogs. In order to increase genotyping efficiency, amplicon sizes were optimized for a 90–350 bp range, with fluorescently labelled primers for use in Applied Biosystems, Inc., platforms. The performance of this new multiplex system was tested in 113 individuals from a case‐study population and 12 random dogs from mixed‐breed origin. Co‐dominant inheritance of STR alleles was investigated in 101 father, mother and son trios. Expected heterozygosity values vary between 0.5648 for REN214L11 and 0.9050 for C38. The high level of genetic diversity observed for most markers provides this multiplex with a very high discriminating power (matching probability=1.63/1010 and matching probability among siblings=4.9/103). Allele sequences and a proposal for standardized nomenclature are also herein presented, aiming at implementing the use of this system in forensic DNA typing and population genetic studies. This approach resulted in an optimized and well‐characterized canine DNA genotyping system that is highly performing and straightforward to integrate and employ routinely. Although this STR multiplex was developed for use and tested in a case‐study population, the Portuguese breed Cão de Gado Transmontano, it proved to be useful for general identification purposes or parentage testing.
Sequence‐related amplified polymorphism, an effective molecular approach for studying genetic variation inFasciolaspp. of human and animal health significance
Authors: Li Qiao‐Yan , Dong Shi‐Juan , Zhang Wei‐Yu , Lin Rui‐Qing , Wang Chun‐Ren , Qian De‐Xing , Lun Zhao‐Rong , Song Hui‐Qun , Zhu Xing‐Quan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn the present study, a recently described molecular approach, namely sequence‐related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), which preferentially amplifies ORFs, was evaluated for the studies of genetic variation amongFasciola hepatica,Fasciola giganticaand the “intermediate”Fasciolafrom different host species and geographical locations in mainland China. Five SRAP primer combinations were used to amplify 120Fasciolasamples after ten SRAP primer combinations were evaluated. The number of fragments amplified fromFasciolasamples using each primer combination ranged from 12 to 20, with an average of 15 polymorphic bandsperprimer pair. Fifty‐nine main polymorphic bands were observed, ranging in size from 100 to 2000 bp, and SRAP bands specific toF. hepaticaorF. giganticawere observed. SRAP fragments common toF. hepaticaand the “intermediate”Fasciola, or common toF. giganticaand the “intermediate”Fasciolawere identified, excised and confirmed by PCR amplification of genomic DNA using primers designed based on sequences of these SRAP fragments. Based on SRAP profiles, unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic averages clustering algorithm categorized all of the examined representativeFasciolasamples into three groups, representing theF. hepatica, the “intermediate”Fasciola, or theF. gigantica. These results demonstrated the usefulness of the SRAP technique for revealing genetic variability betweenF. hepatica,F. giganticaand the “intermediate”Fasciola, and also provided genomic evidence for the existence of the “intermediate”FasciolabetweenF. hepatica andF. gigantica. This technique provides an alternative and a useful tool for the genetic characterization and studies of genetic variability in parasites.
Qualitative performance evaluation of torque control methods for industrial applications
Authors: Tripathi Anurag , Dwivedi Bharti , Chandra Dinesh 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRobust control of torque has been a motivation for research in the servo and electric drives industry. For industrial drives and servo applications AC machine drives are gaining prominence over the conventional DC‐motor drives. Two methods, (a) field oriented control (FOC) and (b) the direct torque control (DTC) have been proposed to control an AC motor. FOC is a current control method and needs co‐ordinated transformation. Torque dynamic depends upon the modulator, which also decides the steady state performance. DTC on the other hand is more robust and has physically the fastest torque dynamic. These methods have succeeded in achieving a fast and dynamically decoupled torque control but at what expense? Problems of FOC are saturation of current controllers, current control in the overmodulation region, and parameter sensitivity. Problems with DTC are variable switching frequency and sampling period dependence of hysteresis controllers, during digital implementation. This paper highlights the problems and explains a method of achieving direct control of torque using a method of stator flux vector control. The analysis carried out here is backed with appropriate simulation results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pioglitazone promotes survival and prevents hepatic regeneration failure after partial hepatectomy in obese and diabetic KK-Ay mice #
Authors: Aoyama Tomonori , Ikejima Kenichi , Kon Kazuyoshi , Okumura Kyoko , Arai Kumiko , Watanabe Sumio 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome–related nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) involves abnormal tissue-repairing responses in the liver. We investigated the effect of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione derivative (TZD), on hepatic regenerative responses in obese, diabetic KK-Ay mice. Male KK-Ay mice 9 weeks after birth underwent two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) after repeated intragastric injections of pioglitazone (25 mg/kg) for 5 days. Almost half of the KK-Ay mice died within 48 hours of PH;however, mortality was completely prevented in mice pretreated with pioglitazone. In KK-Ay mice, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation to hepatocyte nuclei 48 hours after PH reached only 1%; however, pioglitazone pretreatment significantly increased BrdU-positive cells to 8%. Cyclin D1 was barely detectable in KK-Ay mice within 48 hours after PH. In contrast, overt expression of cyclin D1 was observed 24 hours after PH in KK-Ay mice pretreated with pioglitazone. Hepatic tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) messenger RNA (mRNA) was tremendously increased 1 hour after PH in KK-Ay mice, the levels reaching ninefold over C57Bl/6 given PH, whereas pioglitazone blunted this increase by almost three-fourths. Pioglitazone normalized hypoadiponectinemia in KK-Ay mice almost completely. Serum interleukin (IL)-6 and leptin levels were elevated extensively 24 hours after PH in KK-Ay mice, whereas the levels were largely decreased in KK-Ay mice given pioglitazone. Indeed, pioglitazone prevented aberrant increases in signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3 phosphorylation and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 mRNA in the liver in KK-Ay mice. Conclusion: These findings indicated that pioglitazone improved hepatic regeneration failure in KK-Ay mice. The mechanism underlying the effect of pioglitazone on regeneration failure most likely involves normalization of expression pattern of adipokines and subsequent cytokine responses during the early stage of PH. (Hepatology 2009.)
Age-related decrease in proteasome expression contributes to defective nuclear factor-κB activation during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion #
Authors: Huber Nadine , Sakai Nozomu , Eismann Thorsten , Shin Thomas , Kuboki Satoshi , Blanchard John , Schuster Rebecca , Edwards Michael J. , Wong Hector R. , Lentsch Alex B. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) leads to liver injury and dysfunction through the initiation of a biphasic inflammatory response that is regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). We have previously shown that there is an age-dependent difference in the injury response to hepatic I/R in mice that correlates with divergent activation of NF-κB such that young mice have greater NF-κB activation, but less injury than old mice. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which age alters the activation of NF-κB in the liver during I/R. Young (4-5 weeks) and old (12-14 months) mice underwent partial hepatic I/R. Livers were obtained for RNA microarray analysis and protein expression assays. Using microarray analysis, we identified age-dependent differences in the expression of genes related to protein ubiquitinylation and the proteasome. In old mice, genes that are involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway were significantly down-regulated during I/R. Consistent with these findings, expression of a critical proteasome subunit, non-adenosine triphosphatase 4 (PSMD4), was reduced in old mice. Expression of the NF-κB inhibitory protein, IκBα, was increased in old mice and was greatly phosphorylated and ubiquitinylated. The data provide strong evidence that the age-related defect in hepatic NF-κB signaling during I/R is a result of decreased expression of PSMD4, a proteasome subunit responsible for recognition and recruitment of ubiquitinylated substrates to the proteasome. It appears that decreased PSMD4 expression prevents recruitment of phosphorylated and ubiquitinylated IκBα to the proteasome, resulting in a defect in NF-κB activation. (Hepatology 2009.)
L-ornithine and phenylacetate synergistically produce sustained reduction in ammonia and brain water in cirrhotic rats #
Authors: Davies Nathan A. , Wright Gavin , Ytrebφ Lars M. , Stadlbauer Vanessa , Fuskevåg Ole-Martin , Zwingmann Claudia , Davies Ceri D. , Habtesion Abeba , Hodges Stephen J. , Jalan Rajiv 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Treatment of hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis is an unmet clinical need. The aims of this study were to determine whether L-ornithine and phenylacetate/phenylbutyrate (administered as the pro-drug phenylbutyrate) (OP) combined are synergistic and produce sustained reduction in ammonia by L-ornithine acting as a substrate for glutamine synthesis, thereby detoxifying ammonia, and the phenylacetate excreting the ornithine-derived glutamine as phenylacetylglutamine in the urine. Sprague-Dawley rats were studied 4 weeks after bile duct ligation (BDL) or sham operation. Study 1: Three hours before termination, an internal carotid sampling catheter was inserted, and intraperitoneal saline (placebo), OP, phenylbutyrate, or L-ornithine were administered after randomization. BDL was associated with significantly higher arterial ammonia and brain water and lower brain myoinositol (P < 0.01, respectively), compared with sham-operated controls, which was significantly improved in the OP-treated animals; arterial ammonia (P < 0.001), brain water (P < 0.05), brain myoinositol (P < 0.001), and urinary phenylacetylglutamine (P < 0.01). Individually, L-ornithine or phenylbutyrate were similar to the BDL group. In study 2, BDL rats were randomized to saline or OP administered intraperitoneally for 6 hours or 3, 5, or 10 days and were sacrificed between 4.5 and 5 weeks. The results showed that the administration of OP was associated with sustained reduction in arterial ammonia (P < 0.01) and brain water (P < 0.01) and markedly increased arterial glutamine (P < 0.01) and urinary excretion of phenylacetylglutamine (P < 0.01) in each of the OP treated groups. Conclusion: The results of this study provide proof of the concept that L-ornithine and phenylbutyrate/phenylacetate act synergistically to produce sustained improvement in arterial ammonia, its brain metabolism, and brain water in cirrhotic rats. (Hepatology 2009.)
Non‐motor cognitive‐perceptual dysfunction associated with drug‐induced parkinsonism
Authors: Kim Jong‐Hoon , Byun Hee‐Jung 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between drug‐induced parkinsonism (DIP) and subjective non‐motor cognitive impairments in schizophrenia by performing comprehensive assessments of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) and the subjective cognitive‐perceptual functioning.MethodsNinety‐one outpatients with schizophrenia were evaluated for DIP and other EPS. Subjective cognitive‐perceptual dysfunction was comprehensively assessed using the Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire (FCQ). To examine the association between DIP and non‐motor cognitive‐perceptual dysfunction, Pearson's partial correlation analysis was performed between the FCQ scores and the severity of DIP, controlling for relevant variables.ResultsThe analysis revealed that the severity of DIP had a significant correlation with the total FCQ score (p < 0.05). In phenomenological subscales, the severity of DIP showed significant correlations with “deterioration of discrimination,” “psychomotor disorder,” “perceptual disorder,” “cognitive floating,” and “automatic behavior disorder” (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of our study suggest that DIP is significantly associated with a wide range of subjective non‐motor cognitive impairments. Clinicians should be careful of the appearance of DIP and the associated non‐motor cognitive‐perceptual symptoms, which may cause considerable distress and reduce the quality of life in an already vulnerable group of patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An iterated GMM procedure for estimating the Campbell–Cochrane habit formation model, with an application to Danish Stock and bond returns
Authors: Engsted Tom , Møller Stig V. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe suggest an iterated GMM approach to estimate and test the consumption based habit persistence model of Campbell and Cochrane, and we apply the approach on annual and quarterly Danish stock and bond returns. For comparative purposes we also estimate and test the standard constant relative risk‐aversion (CRRA) model. In addition, we compare the pricing errors of the different models using Hansen and Jagannathan's specification error measure. The main result is that for Denmark the Campbell–Cochrane model does not seem to perform markedly better than the CRRA model. For the long annual sample period covering more than 80 years there is absolutely no evidence of superior performance of the Campbell–Cochrane model. For the shorter and more recent quarterly data over a 20–30 year period, there is some evidence of counter‐cyclical time‐variation in the degree of risk‐aversion, in accordance with the Campbell–Cochrane model, but the model does not produce lower pricing errors or more plausible parameter estimates than the CRRA model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resolution trade‐off analysis for aperture size and signaling bandwidth of diffraction tomography based on spatial‐frequency spectral coverage
Authors: Lee Hua 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe objective of this article is to present the trade‐off analysis of resolving capability of diffraction tomography between aperture size and illumination signal bandwidth based on the span of spatial spectral coverage. The analysis is conducted on both the transmission and reflection modes, and can be generalized into various data acquisition configurations. In addition, the analysis provides an important link to other tomographic imaging modalities such as the classical X‐ray tomography and synthetic aperture radar systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 1–4, 2009