bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of peptide‐pulsed cellular immunotherapy in macaques
Authors: De Rose Robert , Mason Rosemarie D. , Loh Liyen , Peut Viv , Smith Miranda Z. , Fernandez Caroline S. , Alcantara Sheilajen , Amarasena Thakshila , Reece Jeanette , Seddiki Nabila , Kelleher Anthony D. , Zaunders John , Kent Stephen J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground  Simple and effective delivery methods for cellular immunotherapies are needed. We recently published on the effectiveness of using ex vivo pulsing of overlapping SIV Gag 15mer peptides onto fresh peripheral blood cells in 32 SIVmac251‐infected pigtail macaques.Methods  We now report on the safety of this approach, analysis of a novel assay for immunogenicity, the effect of an MHC allele, Mane‐A*10, on CD8 T cell escape occurring and disease outcome.Results  The vaccine strategy was safe, with no perturbations in weight or hematological profiles in comparison to controls. The high levels of SIV‐specific T cell immunogenicity of this approach was confirmed using a novel assay measuring upregulation of surface CD134 of CD4 T cells. A substantial effect of the Mane‐A*10 allele in reducing SIV viral load of pigtail macaques was observed in both vaccinees and controls; the virologic efficacy of the immunotherapy in comparison to controls was greatest in Mane‐A*10− animals. Escape mutations at several new CD8 T cell epitopes throughout the SIV proteome were observed, primarily in animals with poorer virologic control.Conclusions  In summary, we provide further information that peptide‐pulsed PBMC are a safe, immunogenic and effective immunotherapy. The observed influence of MHC alleles and immune escape allows us to design more insightful future immunotherapy studies.
Epistaxis during Treatment with Paclitaxel
Authors: Yarom Nirit , Cyjon Arnoldo , Kovel Svetlana , Yachnin Adelya , Sella Avishay , Evron Ella 
Published: January 2009

Abstract:  The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and severity of epistaxis in patients treated with paclitaxel. Patients who were treated with paclitaxel filled a questionnaire regarding their general health, medications and incidents of epistaxis. Relevant clinical information was obtained from the patients’ charts. Forty‐seven consecutive patients were recruited to the study. Twenty‐four (51%) of the patients reported epistaxis during paclitaxel therapy. Twenty‐three of 39 (59%) patients who received weekly paclitaxel had epistaxis at least once during treatment, compared with one out of eight patients who were treated every 3 weeks (P = 0.045). All episodes of epistaxis were mild, occurred with normal platelets counts and did not require blood product transfusions or treatment modification. The majority of the patients experienced the first episode of epistaxis on the third week of weekly paclitaxel treatment and then repeatedly throughout therapy. It is concluded that epistaxis is a common mild side‐effect of weekly paclitaxel that has not been reported previously. In this trial, epistaxis did not have any major clinical consequences. However, when paclitaxel is combined with other drugs that may cause bleeding, such as bevacizumab, physicians should be alerted to the potential risk of this phenomenon.
Testosterone Replacement Therapy Following Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Khera Mohit , Grober Ethan D. , Najari Bobby , Colen John S. , Mohamed Osama , Lamb Dolores J. , Lipshultz Larry I. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Controversy exists regarding testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in men following radical prostatectomy (RP). Many clinicians are hesitant to offer patients TRT after an RP, out of concern that the increased androgen levels may promote tumor progression or recurrence from residual tumor. Recently, several small studies have demonstrated the use of TRT in men following an RP and have shown an improvement in serum testosterone levels with no increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values.

Aims
The aim of this article is to assess changes in PSA and testosterone values in hypogonadal patients on TRT after RP and also to evaluate the impact of pathologic Gleason grade on ultimate PSA values.

Methods
All hypogonadal men who were treated with TRT by members of our department following RP were retrospectively reviewed. PSA values before RP, after RP, and after TRT were evaluated. Serum testosterone levels before and after TRT were also examined. Only patients with undetectable PSA values and negative surgical margins on pathologic specimen were offered TRT and included in the study.

Main Outcome Measures
Main outcome measures were changes in PSA and testosterone values after initiation of TRT.

Results
Fifty-seven men, ages 53–83 years (mean 64), were identified as having initiated TRT following RP. Men received TRT for an average of 36 months following RP (range 1–136 months). Patients were followed an average of 13 months after initiation of TRT (range 1–99 months). The mean testosterone values rose from 255 ng/dL before TRT to 459 ng/dL after TRT (P &lt; 0.001). There was no increase in PSA values after initiation of TRT and thus no patient had a biochemical PSA recurrence.

Conclusion
TRT is effective in improving testosterone levels, without increasing PSA values, in hypogonadal men who have undergone RP.
Avian influenza surveillance in wild birds in the European Union in 2006
Authors: Hesterberg Uta , Harris Kate , Stroud David , Guberti Vittorio , Busani Luca , Pittman Maria , Piazza Valentina , Cook Alasdair , Brown Ian 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground  Infections of wild birds with highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) subtype H5N1 virus were reported for the first time in the European Union in 2006.Objectives  To capture epidemiological information on H5N1 HPAI in wild bird populations through large‐scale surveillance and extensive data collection.Methods  Records were analysed at bird level to explore the epidemiology of AI with regard to species of wild birds involved, timing and location of infections as well as the applicability of different surveillance types for the detection of infections.Results  In total, 120,706 records of birds were sent to the Community Reference Laboratory for analysis. Incidents of H5N1 HPAI in wild birds were detected in 14 EU Member States during 2006. All of these incidents occurred between February and May, with the exception of two single cases during the summer months in Germany and Spain.Conclusions  For the detection of H5N1 HPAI virus, passive surveillance of dead or diseased birds appeared the most effective approach, whilst active surveillance offered better detection of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses. No carrier species for H5N1 HPAI virus could be identified and almost all birds infected with H5N1 HPAI virus were either dead or showed clinical signs. A very large number of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were tested in 2006 and while a high proportion of LPAI infections were found in this species, H5N1 HPAI virus was rarely identified in these birds. Orders of species that appeared to be very clinically susceptible to H5N1 HPAI virus were swans, diving ducks, mergansers and grebes, supporting experimental evidence. Surveillance results indicate that H5N1 HPAI virus did not establish itself successfully in the EU wild bird population in 2006.
Pre‐weaning morbidity and mortality of llamas and alpacas
Authors: Sharpe MS , Lord LK , Wittum TE , Anderson DE 
Published: January 2009

Objectives To describe the morbidity and mortality patterns and identify factors associated with morbidity in pre‐weaning llamas and alpacas.Design Cross‐sectional observational study of 287 crias born on four farms in Ohio, USAProcedure Historical data representing all crias born over a 6‐year period were obtained from two llama farms and two alpaca farms in Ohio. Multivariable generalised linear mixed effects regression models were used to identify factors associated with morbidity outcomes.Results In total, 105 (37%) of the llamas and alpacas had some reported morbidity during the pre‐weaning period, and mortality rate was 2.1%. In addition, 51 (18%) of llamas and alpacas experienced morbidity because of infectious disease, and 47 (16%) experienced morbidity during the neonatal period. The three most commonly reported morbidity events were undifferentiated diarrhoea (23%), umbilical hernia (16%) and unspecified infectious disease (15%). Difficult birth was an important risk factor for pre‐weaning morbidity in this population.Conclusions Camelid veterinarians and their clients can expect that pre‐weaning health events are common among crias, although mortality is low. Crias experiencing difficult births may require additional monitoring for health events during the pre‐weaning period.
Effect of the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, carprofen, on weaned sheep following non‐surgical mulesing by intradermal injection of cetrimide
Authors: Colditz IG , Lloyd JB , Paull DR , Lee C , Giraudo A , Pizzato C , Fisher AD 
Published: January 2009

Objective   To assess in weaned lambs the palliative effects of the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, carprofen, following intradermal injection of cetrimide to induce non‐surgical mulesing.Procedures   We allocated 40 weaned lambs (20–22 weeks old) to four groups of 10 animals: (1) control, 2) conventional surgical mules, (3) intradermal treatment and (4) intradermal treatment + carprofen. Non‐surgical mulesing was induced by intradermal injection of 4% (w/w) cetrimide + 3% (w/w) polyvinylpyrrolidone in water. In group 4, carprofen (4 mg/kg, SC) was administered 1 h before intradermal treatment. Five weaners, including an animal from each treatment, were run in each pen. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, cortisol, beta‐endorphin and haptoglobin levels and rectal temperature were monitored at least daily for the first 7 days after treatment, then weekly until day 28. Body weight was measured weekly and behaviour was measured every 15 min for 12 h on the day of treatment, then on days 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 21 and 28 following treatment.Results   The intradermal treatment resulted in high fever and elevated blood cortisol by 12 h. Rectal temperatures were significantly elevated until 5 days after treatment, cortisol was elevated until 3 days after treatment, haptoglobin for at least 7 days after treatment and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio until 4 days after treatment. Average daily gain was depressed in the week following treatment. Abnormal behaviours (hunched standing, stiff walking, pawing, lateral lying and lying intention) were increased on the day of treatment and for 6 days post treatment. Carprofen reduced the time spent in abnormal behaviours by approximately two‐thirds but did not ameliorate the physiological responses to the intradermal treatment.Conclusions   In weaner sheep, carprofen ameliorated the behavioural responses, but was unable to provide relief from the intense and sustained physiological responses to non‐surgical mulesing by intradermal injection of cetrimide. Systemic side‐effects may be unavoidable with formulations based on quaternary ammonium compounds that are designed to reduce the risk of fly strike in sheep by remodelling breech tissue through induction of tissue necrosis.
Cross‐species amplification tests and diversity analysis using 56 PCR markers in Dactylis glomerata and Lolium perenne
Authors: LITRICO I. , BECH N. , FLAJOULOT S. , CADIER D. , TALON C. , GIBELIN C. , BARRE P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe report results of cross‐species amplification in Dactylis glomerata and Lolium perenne of 12 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) isolated from Lolium multiflorum×Festuca glaucescens, 42 SSRs from Festuca arundinacea and two sequence tagged sites from Oryza sativa. We compared the transferability and diversity between D. glomerata and L. perenne, which are important forage crops. While Nei's gene diversity values were equivalent in both species (from 0.14 to 0.92), the mean number of allele per locus was more important in D. glomerata than in L. perenne (5.45 vs. 4.50). These markers will be used for analysing population structure in grassland populations under agronomic practices.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci from Sprague's pipit (Anthus spragueii), a grassland endemic passerine bird
Authors: CRAWFORD NICHOLAS G. , PETERS MAUREEN B. , HAGEN CRIS , GLENN TRAVIS C. , DAVIS STEPHEN K. , SOMERS CHRISTOPHER M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe developed 11 novel microsatellite loci for Sprague's pipit (Anthus spragueii), a songbird endemic to the Northern Great Plains of central North America. These loci were screened in 21 individuals from southern Saskatchewan, Canada. All 11 loci were polymorphic, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from five to 23, polymorphic information content from 0.312 to 0.947, and observed heterozygosity from 0.476 to 0.900. These loci will be suitable for a wide variety of studies on pipit natural history, ecology, and conservation.
Anonymous nuclear markers for Malagasy plated lizards (Zonosaurus)
Authors: NOONAN BRICE P. , YODER ANNE D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe report the development of 18, single‐copy, anonymous nuclear loci from the Malagasy plated lizard Zonosaurus madagascariensis. More than 140 clones from a genomic library were examined and 38 potential loci tested across both closely and distantly related lizards. Of the 18 loci reported here, more than half (10) work in closely related zonosaurines although only one successfully amplified a homologous fragment in the distantly related iguanid (Oplurus). Sequences of these loci revealed a high frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms, supporting previous reports of high levels of intraspecific variation in lizards.
Microsatellite DNA markers for population‐genetic studies of blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus) and cross‐specific amplification in S. japonicus
Authors: TANG C. Y. , TZENG C. H. , CHEN C. S. , CHIU T. S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBlue mackerel (Scomber australasicus) is targeted by large‐scale purse‐seiners in the western North Pacific, and its stock structure is still contentious. Herein, we described 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci for blue mackerel. The number of alleles among 32 individuals surveyed ranged from five to 27 (average of 16.2 alleles per locus). Departures from Hardy–Weinberg expectation were observed at two loci. Cross‐specific amplification in the congener, S. japonicus, was successful, except for one locus, revealed to be diagnostic for these congeners. These microsatellite loci will be useful tools to address queries in population genetic structure, fishery management unit and taxonomic species status in the genus Scomber.
Heteroduplex molecules cause sexing errors in a standard molecular protocol for avian sexing
Authors: CASEY ASHLEY E. , JONES KENNETH L. , SANDERCOCK BRETT K. , WISELY SAMANTHA M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMolecular methods are a necessary tool for sexing monomorphic birds. These molecular approaches are usually reliable, but sexing protocols should be evaluated carefully because biochemical interactions may lead to errors. We optimized laboratory protocols for genetic sexing of a monomorphic shorebird, the upland sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda), using two independent sets of primers, P2/P8 and 2550F/2718R, to amplify regions of the sex‐linked CHD‐Z and CHD‐W genes. We discovered polymorphisms in the region of the CHD‐Z intron amplified by the primers P2/P8 which caused four males to be misidentified as females (n = 90 mated pairs). We cloned and sequenced one CHD‐W allele (370 bp) and three CHD‐Z alleles in our population: Z° (335 bp), Z′ (331 bp) and Z″ (330 bp). Normal (Z°Z°) males showed one band in agarose gel analysis and were easily differentiated from females (Z°W), which showed two bands. However, males heterozygous for CHD‐Z alleles (Z′Z″) unexpectedly showed two bands in a pattern similar to females. While the Z′ and Z″ fragments contained only short deletions, they annealed together during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process and formed heteroduplex molecules that were similar in size to the W fragment. Errors previously reported for molecular sex‐assignment have usually been due to allelic dropout, causing females to be misidentified as males. Here, we report evidence that events in PCRs can lead to the opposite error, with males misidentified as females. We recommend use of multiple primer sets and large samples of known‐sex birds for validation when designing protocols for molecular sex analysis.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the lowland leopard frog (Rana yavapaiensis) and the relict leopard frog (R. onca), two declining frogs of the North American desert southwest
Authors: SAVAGE ANNA E , JAEGER JEF R 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe characterized 15 microsatellite loci for the lowland leopard frog (Rana yavapaiensis) and the relict leopard frog (R. onca) for future studies of population genetic structure and relatedness. Analysis of 20 individuals from single populations of each species showed that all markers were polymorphic in at least one species. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0 to 0.94 and from 0.11 to 0.85, respectively, and there were three to 11 alleles per locus. No loci were in linkage disequilibrium, but six loci deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and the presence of a null allele was detected in two of these loci.
Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from the alpine caddisfly Allogamus uncatus Brauer (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)
Authors: SHAMA LISA N. S , KUBOW KAREN B , ROBINSON CHRISTOPHER T 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHere we report the development of 10 microsatellite loci for the alpine caddisfly, Allogamus uncatus. Polymorphism as detected in 24 individuals ranged from three to 17 alleles per locus, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.087 to 0.864. These primers will enable research on the genetic population structure of this species, the extent of gene flow among alpine permanent and temporary streams, and the genetic consequences of extinction/recolonization events.
Isolation and characterization of 13 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite primers for the widespread Indo‐Pacific three‐spot damselfish, Dascyllus trimaculatus, and closely related D. auripinnis
Authors: LERAY MATTHIEU , BELDADE RICARDO , HOLBROOK SALLY J. , SCHMITT RUSSELL J. , PLANES SERGE , BERNARDI GIACOMO 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA set of 13 simple sequence repeat markers was developed from D. trimaculatus genomic DNA, tested for D. auripinnis and characterized using 40 individuals per species. All the loci were polymorphic with a number of alleles ranging from three to 30. Observed heterozygosities varied from 0.23 to 0.89 for D. trimaculatus and from 0.11 to 0.85 for D. auripinnis. Early results show that these will be powerful markers for the study of ecological and evolutionary mechanism in this coral reef fish species complex.
Characterization of microsatellite loci in the myco‐heterotrophic plant Monotropa hypopitys (Ericaceae) and amplification in related taxa
Authors: KLOOSTER M. R. , HOENLE A. W. , CULLEY T. M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe myco‐heterotroph Monotropa hypopitys is a perennial, circumboreally distributed herb of significant importance in studies of nonphotosynthetic plant biology. To address a deficiency in our knowledge of myco‐heterotroph population genetics, 11 microsatellite markers were developed using a cost‐effective, nonradioactive protocol. Multiplex reactions revealed polymorphism in the red and yellow colour forms of M. hypopitys with an average of 2.69 alleles per primer. Many primers additionally amplified in the congener Monotropa uniflora and five other closely related genera. This is the first report of microsatellite primer development and amplification in the Monotropoideae (Ericaceae).
Two‐step multiplex polymerase chain reaction improves the speed and accuracy of genotyping using DNA from noninvasive and museum samples
Authors: ARANDJELOVIC M. , GUSCHANSKI K. , SCHUBERT G. , HARRIS T. R. , THALMANN O. , SIEDEL H. , VIGILANT L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMany studies in molecular ecology rely upon the genotyping of large numbers of low‐quantity DNA extracts derived from noninvasive or museum specimens. To overcome low amplification success rates and avoid genotyping errors such as allelic dropout and false alleles, multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) replicates for each sample are typically used. Recently, two‐step multiplex procedures have been introduced which drastically increase the success rate and efficiency of genotyping. However, controversy still exists concerning the amount of replication needed for suitable control of error. Here we describe the use of a two‐step multiplex PCR procedure that allows rapid genotyping using at least 19 different microsatellite loci. We applied this approach to quantified amounts of noninvasive DNAs from western chimpanzee, western gorilla, mountain gorilla and black and white colobus faecal samples, as well as to DNA from ~100‐year‐old gorilla teeth from museums. Analysis of over 45 000 PCRs revealed average success rates of > 90% using faecal DNAs and 74% using museum specimen DNAs. Average allelic dropout rates were substantially reduced compared to those obtained using conventional singleplex PCR protocols, and reliable genotyping using low (< 25 pg) amounts of template DNA was possible. However, four to five replicates of apparently homozygous results are needed to avoid allelic dropout when using the lowest concentration DNAs (< 50 pg/reaction), suggesting that use of protocols allowing routine acceptance of homozygous genotypes after as few as three replicates may lead to unanticipated errors when applied to low‐concentration DNAs.
Development of microsatellite markers in the Australasian snake‐necked turtle Chelodina rugusa and cross‐species amplification
Authors: ALACS E. A , HILLYER M. J. , GEORGES A. , FITZSIMMONS N. N. , HUGHES J. M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSeventeen microsatellite loci were developed for the snake‐necked turtle, Chelodina rugosa (Ogilby, 1890). Sixteen of the loci were polymorphic but three of these loci had null alleles. One locus displayed linkage disequilibrium. These 17 markers were tested for amplification in eight congeneric species with varying success; 98% amplification in Chelodina burrungandjii, 72% in C. canni, 38% in C. expansa, 58% in C. longicollis, 67% in C. mccordi, 73% in C. oblonga, 81% in C. parkeri, and 68% in C. pritchardi. These microsatellite markers will be useful for population assignment, gene flow, mating systems and hybridization studies in the genus Chelodina.
Expressed sequence tag‐derived polymorphic SSR markers for Fucus serratus and amplification in other species of Fucus
Authors: COYER J. A. , HOARAU G. , BESZTERI B. , PEARSON G. , OLSEN J. L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe seaweed genus Fucus is a dominant component of intertidal shores throughout the North Atlantic and North Pacific and has been the focus of considerable developmental, ecological, and evolutionary research for the past century. Here, we present details of 21 expressed sequence tag‐derived simple sequence repeat markers (microsatellites). All 21 were polymorphic for F. serratus, which also display considerable cross‐reactivity with the sister species F. distichus (18) and the more distantly related F. vesiculosus (13), and F. spiralis (5).