bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet effects on ectotherm thermal performance
Authors: Hardison Emily A. , Eliason Erika J. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe environment is changing rapidly, and considerable research is aimed at understanding the capacity of organisms to respond. Changes in environmental temperature are particularly concerning as most animals are ectothermic, with temperature considered a key factor governing their ecology, biogeography, behaviour and physiology. The ability of ectotherms to persist in an increasingly warm, variable, and unpredictable future will depend on their nutritional status. Nutritional resources (e.g. food availability, quality, options) vary across space and time and in response to environmental change, but animals also have the capacity to alter how much they eat and what they eat, which may help them improve their performance under climate change. In this review, we discuss the state of knowledge in the intersection between animal nutrition and temperature. We take a mechanistic approach to describe nutrients (i.e. broad macronutrients, specific lipids, and micronutrients) that may impact thermal performance and discuss what is currently known about their role in ectotherm thermal plasticity, thermoregulatory behaviour, diet preference, and thermal tolerance. We finish by describing how this topic can inform ectotherm biogeography, behaviour, and aquaculture research.
A Palearctic view of a bat fungal disease
Authors: Whiting‐Fawcett F. , Blomberg A. S. , Troitsky T. , Meierhofer M. B. , Field K. A. , Puechmaille S. J. , Lilley T. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe fungal infection causing white‐nose disease in hibernating bats in North America has resulted in dramatic population declines of affected species, since the introduction of the causative agent Pseudogymnoascus destructans. The fungus is native to the Palearctic, where it also infects several bat species, yet rarely causes severe pathology or the death of the host. Pseudogymnoascus destructans infects bats during hibernation by invading and digesting the skin tissue, resulting in the disruption of torpor patterns and consequent emaciation. Relations among pathogen, host, and environment are complex, and individuals, populations, and species respond to the fungal pathogen in different ways. For example, the Nearctic Myotis lucifugus responds to infection by mounting a robust immune response, leading to immunopathology often contributing to mortality. In contrast, the Palearctic M. myotis shows no significant immunological response to infection. This lack of a strong response, resulting from the long coevolution between the hosts and the pathogen in the pathogen's native range, likely contributes to survival in tolerant species. After more than 15 years since the initial introduction of the fungus to North America, some of the affected populations are showing signs of recovery, suggesting that the fungus, hosts, or both are undergoing processes that may eventually lead to coexistence. The suggested or implemented management methods of the disease in North America have encompassed, for example, the use of probiotics and fungicides, vaccinations, and modifying the environmental conditions of the hibernation sites to limit the growth of the pathogen, intensity of infection, or the hosts’ responses to it. Based on current knowledge from Eurasia, policy makers and conservation managers should refrain from disrupting the ongoing evolutionary processes and adopt a holistic approach to managing the epizootic.
Sources of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability and clinical pharmacology studies of antiseizure medications in the pediatric population
Authors: Maglalang Patricia D. , Wen Jiali , Hornik Christoph P. , Gonzalez Daniel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMultiple treatment options exist for children with epilepsy, including surgery, dietary therapies, neurostimulation, and antiseizure medications (ASMs). ASMs are the first line of therapy, and more than 30 ASMs have U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of various epilepsy and seizure types in children. Given the extensive FDA approval of ASMs in children, it is crucial to consider how the physiological and developmental changes throughout childhood may impact drug disposition. Various sources of pharmacokinetic (PK) variability from different extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as patients' size, age, drug–drug interactions, and drug formulation could result in suboptimal dosing of ASMs. Barriers exist to conducting clinical pharmacological studies in neonates, infants, and children due to ethical and practical reasons, limiting available data to fully characterize these drugs' disposition and better elucidate sources of PK variability. Modeling and simulation offer ways to circumvent traditional and intensive clinical pharmacology methods to address gaps in epilepsy and seizure management in children. This review discusses various physiological and developmental changes that influence the PK and pharmacodynamic (PD) variability of ASMs in children, and several key ASMs will be discussed in detail. We will also review novel trial designs in younger pediatric populations, highlight the role of extrapolation of efficacy in epilepsy, and the use of physiologically based PK modeling as a tool to investigate sources of PK/PD variability in children. Finally, we will conclude with current challenges and future directions for optimizing the efficacy and safety of these drugs across the pediatric age spectrum.
Infant‐directed communication: Examining the many dimensions of everyday caregiver‐infant interactions
Authors: Kosie Jessica E. , Lew‐Williams Casey 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEveryday caregiver‐infant interactions are dynamic and multidimensional. However, existing research underestimates the dimensionality of infants’ experiences, often focusing on one or two communicative signals (e.g., speech alone, or speech and gesture together). Here, we introduce “infant‐directed communication” (IDC): the suite of communicative signals from caregivers to infants including speech, action, gesture, emotion, and touch. We recorded 10 min of at‐home play between 44 caregivers and their 18‐ to 24‐month‐old infants from predominantly white, middle‐class, English‐speaking families in the United States. Interactions were coded for five dimensions of IDC as well as infants’ gestures and vocalizations. Most caregivers used all five dimensions of IDC throughout the interaction, and these dimensions frequently overlapped. For example, over 60% of the speech that infants heard was accompanied by one or more non‐verbal communicative cues. However, we saw marked variation across caregivers in their use of IDC, likely reflecting tailored communication to the behaviors and abilities of their infant. Moreover, caregivers systematically increased the dimensionality of IDC, using more overlapping cues in response to infant gestures and vocalizations, and more IDC with infants who had smaller vocabularies. Understanding how and when caregivers use all five signals—together and separately—in interactions with infants has the potential to redefine how developmental scientists conceive of infants’ communicative environments, and enhance our understanding of the relations between caregiver input and early learning.Research Highlights
Infants’ everyday interactions with caregivers are dynamic and multimodal, but existing research has underestimated the multidimensionality (i.e., the diversity of simultaneously occurring communicative cues) inherent in infant‐directed communication.
Over 60% of the speech that infants encounter during at‐home, free play interactions overlap with one or more of a variety of non‐speech communicative cues.
The multidimensionality of caregivers’ communicative cues increases in response to infants’ gestures and vocalizations, providing new information about how infants’ own behaviors shape their input.
These findings emphasize the importance of understanding how caregivers use a diverse set of communicative behaviors—both separately and together—during everyday interactions with infants.
The effect of renal function on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enavogliflozin, a potent and selective sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor, in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jeong Sae Im , Ban Mu Seong , Hwang Jun‐Gi , Park Min‐Kyu , Lim Soo , Kim Sejoong , Kwon Soon Kil , Kim Yoonjin , Cho Jae Min , Na Jae Jin , Huh Wan , Chung Jae‐Yong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsTo explore the effect of renal function on the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile and safety of enavogliflozin, a selective sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsAn open‐label, two‐part clinical trial was conducted in T2DM patients, stratified by renal function: Group 1, normal renal function; Group 2, mild renal impairment (RI); Group 3, moderate RI; and Group 4, severe RI. In Part A, Groups 2 and 4 received enavogliflozin 0.5 mg once. In Part B, Groups 1 and 3 received enavogliflozin 0.5 mg once daily for 7 days. Serial blood and timed urine samples were collected to analyse the PK and PD characteristics of enavogliflozin. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the correlations between PK or PD parameters and creatinine clearance (CrCL).ResultsA total of 21 patients completed the study as planned. The area under the curve (AUC) for enavogliflozin was not significantly correlated with CrCL, although the maximum concentration slightly decreased as renal function decreased. By contrast, daily urinary glucose excretion (UGE) was positively correlated with CrCL after both single‐ (r = 0.7866, p < 0.0001) and multiple‐dose administration (r = 0.6606, p = 0.0438).ConclusionsSystemic exposure to oral enavogliflozin 0.5 mg was similar among the patients with T2DM regardless of their renal function levels. However, the glucosuric effect of enavogliflozin decreased with RI. Considering the UGE observed and approved therapeutic use of other SGLT2 inhibitors, the efficacy of enavogliflozin with regard to glycaemic control could be explored in patients with mild and moderate RI (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥30 or ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2) in a subsequent larger study.
Quantification of crack tip constraint effect based on the critical distance
Authors: Wu Yuanjun , Huang Maobo , He Guangwei , Cai Lixun , Bao Chen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe effect of crack tip constraint on the fracture properties of flawed components is a critical consideration in the safety assessment of engineering structures. In this work, an approximate expression of three‐dimensional von Mises stress fields ahead of the crack tip has been derived by referring to the classic Hutchinson‐Rice‐Rosengren (HRR) solution. The critical distance rc is chosen as the constraint parameter to quantify the level of the crack tip constraint. A theoretical relationship between the parameter rc and fracture toughness JQ has been proposed. The critical constraint parameter rc can be experimentally determined by using the critical fracture toughness JQ. The experimental results of compact tension (CT) and single edge‐notched bending (SENB) specimens with different crack tip constraint levels for SA‐508 and Q345B steels successfully validate the relationship between the critical fracture toughness JQ and the constraint parameter rc. According to the test results, the critical distance rc is feasible to quantify the crack tip constraint of CT and SENB specimens with different crack tip constraint levels.
Microbial phosphorus‐cycling genes in soil under global change
Authors: Wang Xuewei , Guo Hui , Wang Jianing , He Peng , Kuzyakov Yakov , Ma Miaojun , Ling Ning 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ongoing climate change on the Tibetan Plateau, leading to warming and precipitation anomalies, modifies phosphorus (P) cycling in alpine meadow soils. However, the interactions and cascading effects of warming and precipitation changes on the key “extracellular” and “intracellular” P cycling genes (PCGs) of bacteria are largely unknown for these P‐limited ecosystems. We used metagenomics to analyze the individual and combined effects of warming and altered precipitation on soil PCGs and P transformation in a manipulation experiment. Warming and increased precipitation raised Olsen‐P (bioavailable P, AP) by 13% and 20%, respectively, mainly caused by augmented hydrolysis of organic P compounds (NaOH‐Po). The decreased precipitation reduced soil AP by 5.3%. The richness and abundance of the PCGs' community in soils on the cold Tibetan plateau were more sensitive to warming than altered precipitation. The abundance of PCGs and P cycling processes decreased under the influence of individual climate change factors (i.e., warming and altered precipitation alone), except for the warming combined with increased precipitation. Pyruvate metabolism, phosphotransferase system, oxidative phosphorylation, and purine metabolism (all “intracellular” PCG) were closely correlated with P pools under climate change conditions. Specifically, warming recruited bacteria with the phoD and phoX genes, which encode enzymes responsible for phosphoester hydrolysis (extracellular P cycling), strongly accelerated organic P mineralization and so, directly impacted P bioavailability in alpine soil. The interactions between warming and altered precipitation profoundly influenced the PCGs' community and facilitated microbial adaptation to these environmental changes. Warming combined with increased precipitation compensated for the detrimental impacts of the individual climate change factors on PCGs. In conclusion, warming combined with rising precipitation has boosting effect on most P‐related functions, leading to the acceleration of P cycling within microbial cells and extracellularly, including mineralization and more available P release for microorganisms and plants in alpine soils.
The TRIF‐RIPK1‐Caspase‐8 signalling in the regulation of TLR4‐driven gene expression
Authors: Zhang Chengyang , Zhou Yang , Xi Shuangtong , Han Danlin , Wang Ziyu , Zhu Jingwen , Cai Yizhe , Zhang Haifeng , Jin Ge , Mi Yang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe inflammatory response is tightly regulated to eliminate invading pathogens and avoid excessive production of inflammatory mediators and tissue damage. Caspase‐8 is a cysteine protease that is involved in programmed cell death. Here we show the TRIF‐RIPK1‐Caspase‐8 is required for LPS‐induced CYLD degradation in macrophages. TRIF functions in the upstream of RIPK1. The homotypic interaction motif of TRIF and the death domain of RIPK1 are essential for Caspase‐8 activation. Caspase‐8 cleaves CYLD and the D235A mutant is resistant to the protease activity of Caspase‐8. TRIF and RIPK1 serve as substrates of Capase‐8 in vitro. cFLIP interacts with Caspase‐8 to modulate its protease activity on CYLD and cell death. Deficiency in TRIF, Caspase‐8 or CYLD can lead to a decrease or increase in the expression of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines. Together, the TRIF‐Caspase‐8 and CYLD play opposite roles in the regulation of TLR4 signalling.
A systematic review of reasons and risks for acute service use by older adult residents of long‐term care
Authors: Merrick Eamon , Bloomfield Katherine , Seplaki Christopher , Shannon Kay , Wham Carol , Winnington Rhona , Neville Stephen , Bail Kasia , Fry Margaret , Turner Murray , MacFarlane Joanna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo identify the reasons and/or risk factors for hospital admission and/or emergency department attendance for older (≥60 years) residents of long‐term care facilities.BackgroundOlder adults' use of acute services is associated with significant financial and social costs. A global understanding of the reasons for the use of acute services may allow for early identification and intervention, avoid clinical deterioration, reduce the demand for health services and improve quality of life.DesignSystematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022326964) and reported following PRISMA guidelines.MethodsThe search strategy was developed in consultation with an academic librarian. The strategy used MeSH terms and relevant keywords. Articles published since 2017 in English were eligible for inclusion. CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection were searched (11/08/22). Title, abstract, and full texts were screened against the inclusion/exclusion criteria; data extraction was performed two blinded reviewers. Quality of evidence was assessed using the NewCastle Ottawa Scale (NOS).ResultsThirty‐nine articles were eligible and included in this review; included research was assessed as high‐quality with a low risk of bias. Hospital admission was reported as most likely to occur during the first year of residence in long‐term care. Respiratory and cardiovascular diagnoses were frequently associated with acute services use. Frailty, hypotensive medications, falls and inadequate nutrition were associated with unplanned service use.ConclusionsModifiable risks have been identified that may act as a trigger for assessment and be amenable to early intervention. Coordinated intervention may have significant individual, social and economic benefits.Relevance to clinical practiceThis review has identified several modifiable reasons for acute service use by older adults. Early and coordinated intervention may reduce the risk of hospital admission and/or emergency department.Reporting methodThis systematic review was conducted and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) methodology.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution.
Examining the training design and training transfer of a boundary management training: A randomized controlled intervention study
Authors: Reinke Kathrin , Ohly Sandra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn our mobile working world, boundaries between work and non‐work domains are more and more blurred, which can impair professionals' recovery and well‐being. Consequently, managing work–non‐work boundaries represents an important challenge for professionals. Research suggests that boundary work tactics conveyed in boundary management interventions may promote recovery and well‐being. However, the efficacy of boundary work tactics is largely unknown, as well as theoretical mechanisms that may explain the effectiveness of boundary management interventions in regard of both training design and training transfer. Building on the social cognitive theory of self‐regulation, we develop a web‐based boundary management training. Based on the integrated training transfer and effectiveness model, we evaluate its effects on the three levels of training effectiveness: (1) perceived learning, (2) cognitions and behaviours, with boundary control and boundary creation as indicators, and (3) recovery and well‐being. Results of our randomized controlled intervention study show several expected changes in boundary creation, suggesting that drawing on the social cognitive theory of self‐regulation for training design can result in effective behaviour change. Intervention effects on recovery and well‐being are more ambiguous, hinting at the power but likewise potential limitations of boundary creation.
The influence of psychotherapy on individuals who have attempted suicide: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Xinqing , Song Jingjing , Jia Liping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionSuicide is a serious global public health issue, and a history of attempted suicide is the most critical indicator of suicide risk. There are limited studies on the effectiveness of psychotherapy in individuals who have attempted suicide, and other outcome measures related to suicide risk in suicide attempts have not been explored.Aim/QuestionThis study aimed to systematically review and perform a meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of psychotherapy on individuals who have attempted suicide.MethodsThis study conducted a comprehensive literature search of five major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Ovid). The protocol for this study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023464401) and follows the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsThis meta‐analysis included a total of 34 trials from 32 literature sources. The study involved a total of 6600 participants. The results showed that psychotherapy had a positive effect on reducing the suicidal tendencies of individuals who have attempted suicide and effectively reduced the number of repeated suicide attempts as well as the levels of suicidal ideation, depression, anxiety and hopelessness.Implications for PracticeThis study concludes that psychotherapy is effective in reducing the suicidal tendencies of individuals who have attempted suicide. Psychological therapy for individuals who have attempted suicide are crucial in preventing future suicidal behaviours.
Single‐step, non‐surgical placement of permanent low‐profile cystostomy tubes in dogs: 10 cases (2018‐2023)
Authors: Lea C. , Kelly D. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesLow‐profile cystostomy tubes provide an alternative to conventional cystostomy tubes with external tubing. Previously, these have been placed surgically involving coeliotomy, cystotomy and cystopexy, or have been used as replacement tubes in existing stoma sites. The purpose of this study is to describe a technique for, and the outcomes of, single‐step, non‐surgical low‐profile cystostomy tube placement.Materials and MethodsAll cases that had single‐step, non‐surgical placement of low‐profile cystotomy tube attempted at the authors' institutions were included in this study. Data, including success rates, outcomes and complications, were extracted from the medical records.ResultsTen client‐owned dogs were inclided. Single‐step, non‐surgical placement was successful in eight out of 10 dogs, with placement being unsuccessful in two thus necessitating coeliotomy. The median duration that low‐profile cystostomy tubes were in place was 7.0 months (range 4 days to 38 months). Seven of the eight dogs required replacement of their cystostomy tube. Mean time until first tube replacement was 103 days (range 13 to 363 days).Clinical SignificanceSingle‐step, non‐surgical placement of a low‐profile cystostomy tube is a viable alternative to surgical placement. Lack of cystopexy does not appear to result in complications. Conversion to coeliotomy might be required if tube placement is not successful with this technique. Complications seen with non‐surgical tube placement such as inadvertent tube removal were similar to those previously reported for surgically placed tubes.
Effect of dietary β‐carotene supplementation on growth and antioxidant capability of female swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus
Authors: Ma Tianli , He Jie , Jiang Xiaodong , Hu Qingsong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDietary supplementation with synthetic β‐carotene was investigated in this study to assess its impact on gonad development, antioxidant status, color parameters, and carotenoid composition in adult female swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus). Four diets, designated as Diet 1 to 4, were formulated to contain 3.07, 53.78, 103.23, and 205.22 mg/kg dry diets of synthetic β‐carotene. The findings revealed the following: (1) No significant differences in body weights or feed utilization were observed, indicating that β‐carotene did not significantly enhance the growth of adult P. trituberculatus. (2) The inclusion of 50–100 mg/kg β‐carotene in the diets led to improvements in antioxidant capacity indicators (T‐AOC, MDA) and immune‐related parameters (AKP, ACP) in both hepatopancreas and hemolymph. (3) Notably, the redness of ovaries and hepatopancreas increased significantly with higher dietary β‐carotene supplementation for color enhancement. In conclusion, incorporating β‐carotene into the diet enhanced the antioxidative capability, nonspecific immunity, and tissue carotenoid contents in adult female P. trituberculatus, and the optimal level of dietary synthetic β‐carotene supplementation for adult female P. trituberculatus was suggested to be around 100 mg/kg.