bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with survival of neonatal foals with bacteremia and racing performance of surviving Thoroughbreds: 423 cases (1982–2007)
Authors: Sanchez L. Chris , Giguère Steeve , Lester Guy D. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Objective—To identify factors associated with short-term survival in bacteremic neonatal foals, evaluate the racing performance of Thoroughbred survivors, and evaluate changes in causative organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—423 bacteremic foals.
Procedures—Medical records of foals that were hospitalized in 1982 through 2007 were reviewed, and those with bacteremia were included in the study. Data retrieved included signalment, physical examination and clinicopathologic findings at admission, localized infections, concurrent illnesses, duration of hospitalization, and outcome (survival to discharge from the hospital vs nonsurvival). The number, identity, and antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms isolated from blood samples were also obtained. Racing records for surviving Thoroughbred foals and maternal siblings were examined.
Results—Of 423 bacteremic foals, 254 survived. Odds of survival were negatively associated with age at admission, septic arthritis, band neutrophil count, and serum creatinine concentration and positively associated with year of admission, diarrhea, rectal temperature, neutrophil count, and arterial blood pH. Overall, microbial culture of blood samples yielded 554 isolates; Escherichia coli was consistently isolated most frequently. Percentage of isolates susceptible to enrofloxacin, but no other antimicrobial, decreased over time. Surviving Thoroughbred foals did not differ from siblings with regard to percentage of starters, percentage of winners, or number of starts; however, surviving foals had significantly fewer wins and total earnings.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—During the study period, microbial resistance to antimicrobials commonly used to treat bacteremic foals did not develop. Surviving bacteremic Thoroughbred foals were as likely to start races as their siblings but earned less money.
Associations of sex, breed, and age with cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy in horses: 811 cases (1974–2007)
Authors: Levine Jonathan M. , Ngheim Peter P. , Levine Gwendolyn J. , Cohen Noah D. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine sex, breed, and age distributions in a population of horses with cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy (CVCM), compared with contemporaneous control horses.
Design—Retrospective case-control study.
Animals—811 horses with CVCM and 805 control horses.
Procedures—The Veterinary Medical Database was searched to identify horses with CVCM and contemporaneous control horses registered between July 1974 and August 2007. Admission date, admitting institution, sex, breed, age at the time of registration in the database, weight, and discharge status (alive, died, or euthanized) were recorded for each case and control horse.
Results—On the basis of results of multivariable logistic regression analysis, geldings and sexually intact males had a significantly higher likelihood of having CVCM than females (odds ratio [OR], 2.0 [95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 2.6]; and OR, 2.4 [95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 3.2], respectively). Thoroughbreds, Tennessee Walking Horses, and Warm-bloods were overrepresented in the CVCM group, compared with Quarter Horses. Horses that ranged from < 6 months to < 7 years of age had significantly higher odds of having CVCM, compared with horses ≥ 10 years of age.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Sex, breed, and age predilections were detected in horses with CVCM. Improved understanding of these factors will aid clinical recognition of the disease in groups that may have a high prevalence of CVCM or were previously not recognized to be commonly affected. The results may also stimulate future investigations to further delineate etiopathogenesis, such as breed-related genetic causality.
Comparison of the histological methods in the diagnostic of deer cysticercosis
Authors: Goldová M. , Tóth Š. , Letková V. , Mojžišová J. , Kožarová I. , Pomfy M. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Histochemical methods for the detection and diagnosis of the developmental stages of the canine tapeworm, from the genus Taenia found in the heart and lungs of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) hunted in Eastern Slovakia, is presented here. Detailed morphology of cysticerci (Cysticercus spp.), based on microscopic and histochemical analysis is described. For confirmation and demonstration of PAS-positive substances in the body of parasitic tissue (tegument and mesenchyme) the McManus — PAS method was used. The histochemical method according to Van Kossa was very effective for confirmation of calcareous corpuscles, which are one of the most important histological markers of cestode tissues (larva or adult).
Topological properties of the multifunction space L(X) of cusco maps
Authors: Holá Ľ. , Jain Tanvi , McCoy R. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
A set-valued mapping F from a topological space X to a topological space Y is called a cusco map if F is upper semicontinuous and F(x) is a nonempty, compact and connected subset of Y for each x ∈ X. We denote by L(X), the space of all subsets F of X × ℝ such that F is the graph of a cusco map from the space X to the real line ℝ. In this paper, we study topological properties of L(X) endowed with the Vietoris topology.
Prevention, identification, and treatment of perioperative spinal cord injury
Authors: Ahn Henry , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: November 2008

Object
In this report, the authors suggest evidence-based approaches to minimize the chance of perioperative spinal cord injury (POSCI) and optimize outcome in the event of a POSCI.

Methods
A systematic review of the basic science and clinical literature is presented.

Results
Authors of clinical studies have assessed intraoperative monitoring to minimize the chance of POSCI. Furthermore, preoperative factors and intraoperative issues that place patients at increased risk of POSCI have been identified, including developmental stenosis, ankylosing spondylitis, preexisting myelopathy, and severe deformity with spinal cord compromise. However, no studies have assessed methods to optimize outcomes specifically after POSCIs. There are a number of studies focussed on the pathophysiology of SCI and the minimization of secondary damage. These basic science and clinical studies are reviewed, and treatment options outlined in this article.

Conclusions
There are a number of treatment options, including maintenance of mean arterial blood pressure > 80 mm Hg, starting methylprednisolone treatment preoperatively, and multimodality monitoring to help prevent POSCI occurrence, minimize secondary damage, and potentially improve the clinical outcome of after a POSCI. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to delineate incidence rate, current practice patterns for preventing injury and minimizing the clinical consequences of POSCI, factors that may increase the risk of POSCI, and determinants of clinical outcome in the event of a POSCI.
Activated autologous macrophage implantation in a large-animal model of spinal cord injury
Authors: Assina Rachid , Sankar Tejas , Theodore Nicholas , Javedan Sam P. , Gibson Alan R. , Horn Kris M. , Berens Michael , Sonntag Volker K. H. , Preul Mark C. 
Published: November 2008

Object
Axonal regeneration may be hindered following spinal cord injury (SCI) by a limited immune response and insufficient macrophage recruitment. This limitation has been partially surmounted in small-mammal models of SCI by implanting activated autologous macrophages (AAMs). The authors sought to replicate these results in a canine model of partial SCI.

Methods
Six dogs underwent left T-13 spinal cord hemisection. The AAMs were implanted at both ends of the lesion in 4 dogs, and 2 other dogs received sham implantations of cell media. Cortical motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were used to assess electrophysiological recovery. Functional motor recovery was assessed with a modified Tarlov Scale. After 9 months, animals were injected with wheat germ agglutinin–horseradish peroxidase at L-2 and killed for histological assessment.

Results
Three of the 4 dogs that received AAM implants and 1 of the 2 negative control dogs showed clear recovery of MEP response. Behavioral assessment showed no difference in motor function between the AAM-treated and control groups. Histological investigation with an axonal retrograde tracer showed neither local fiber crossing nor significant uptake in the contralateral red nucleus in both implanted and negative control groups.

Conclusions
In a large-animal model of partial SCI treated with implanted AAMs, the authors saw no morphological or histological evidence of axonal regeneration. Although they observed partial electrophysiological and functional motor recovery in all dogs, this recovery was not enhanced in animals treated with implanted AAMs. Furthermore, there was no morphological or histological evidence of axonal regeneration in animals with implants that accounted for the observed recovery. The explanation for this finding is probably multifactorial, but the authors believe that the AAM implantation does not produce axonal regeneration, and therefore is a technology that requires further investigation before it can be clinically relied on to ameliorate SCI.
Ultrastructure protection and attenuation of lipid peroxidation after blockade of presynaptic release of glutamate by lamotrigine in experimental spinal cord injury
Authors: Tufan Kadir , Oztanir Namik , Ofluoglu Ebru , Ozogul Candan , Uzum Nuket , Dursun Ayse , Pasaoglu Hatice , Pasaoglu Aydin 
Published: November 2008

Object
Lamotrigine is an antiepileptic drug that inhibits presynaptic voltage-gated sodium channels and reduces the presynaptic release of glutamate in pathological states. Neuroprotective effects of this drug have already been demonstrated in cerebral ischemia models. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of presynaptic glutamate release inhibition on experimental spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods
A total of 66 adult Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 6 groups. Group I was the control group used to obtain normal blood samples and spinal cord specimens. Spinal cord injury was introduced by using the extradural clip compression technique, but no medication was given to Group II (trauma group) rats. Group III was treated with vehicle, and the same amount of dimethyl sulfoxide used in treatment groups was administered to these rats. A dose of 50 mg/kg lamotrigine was administered intraperitoneally to Group IV (pretreatment), Group V (peritreatment), and Group VI (posttreatment) rats 30 minutes before, during, and 30 minutes after SCI, respectively. Oxidative stress parameters and transmission electron microscopic findings were examined.

Results
Blockade of presynaptic release of glutamate by lamotrigine treatment yielded protective effects on the spinal cord ultrastructure even when administered after the SCI, but it prevented oxidative stress only when it was administered before or during the SCI.

Conclusions
Currently, no available agent has been identified, that can block all the glutamate receptors at the same time. To prevent excitotoxicity in SCI, inhibiting glutamate release from the presynaptic buttons instead of blocking the postsynaptic glutamate receptors seems to be a more rational approach. Further research, such as neurobehavioral assessment, is warranted to demonstrate the probable neuroprotective effects of presynaptic glutamate release inhibition in SCI.
Perioperative complications of primary posterior lumbar interbody fusion for nonisthmic spondylolisthesis: analysis of risk factors
Authors: Hosono Noboru , Namekata Masato , Makino Takahiro , Miwa Toshitada , Kaito Takashi , Kaneko Noriyoshi , Fuji Takeshi 
Published: November 2008

Object
Although posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is an excellent procedure to attain circumferential decompression, it is technically demanding and can lead to various surgical complications. The authors retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with nonisthmic spondylolisthesis who underwent PLIF to reveal the incidence and risk factors for perioperative complications of PLIF.

Methods
A total of 240 patients underwent PLIF. The fusion level was at L4–5 in 220, L3–4 in 18, and L5–S1 in 2. The medial walls of the fusion segment's facet joints were resected, and the VSP Spine System was used for the pedicle screw instrumentation. The operations were performed by 7 surgeons, who were divided into 4 groups according to their level of experience with spinal surgery.

Results
The average operation time was 175 ± 49 minutes, and the estimated blood loss was 746 ± 489 ml. A total of 90 patients (37.5%) experienced complications; 41 (17%) experienced transient neurological complications, and 18 (7.5%) experienced permanent neurological complications. The mean neurological score according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association improved from 14.3 ± 3.8 to 24.7 ± 4.0 in the patients without complications and from 14.8 ± 3.6 to 24.0 ± 3.9 in the patients with complications. Multivariate analysis concerning the relationship between complications and risk factors (operation time, estimated intraoperative blood loss, and surgeon experience) revealed that operation time was the only significant risk factor for complications.

Conclusions
Perioperative complications of PLIF were more frequent in this homogeneous study group than in other studies of various implants. Total excision of the facet joints might preclude neurological complications.
Charcot spinal disease after spinal cord injury
Authors: Morita Masahiro , Miyauchi Akira , Okuda Shinya , Oda Takenori , Yamamoto Tomio , Iwasaki Motoki 
Published: November 2008

ObjectThe authors investigated the background, risk factors, and treatment strategies for Charcot spinal disease (CSD) after spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsThe authors retrospectively examined the clinical and radiological findings in 9 patients with a total of 10 Charcot spine lesions that occurred after SCI. The mean age of the 9 patients was 54 years, and all patients presented with complete SCIs. In all but 1 patient, symptoms did not develop until 10 years postinjury. All 10 Charcot spine lesions were located below the thoracolumbar junction. Surgical treatment was performed in 7 patients (7 lesions), and the mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 84 months.ResultsAll patients reported audible noises when changing posture, 5 of 9 patients reported low-back pain, and 7 patients displayed increasing instability while sitting. In 8 patients, spasticity disappeared and limbs became flaccid several years after SCI. Two patients had associated bacterial infections in the Charcot spine lesions, and 1 patient complained of autonomic dysreflexic symptoms associated with trunk movements. Although postoperative complications occurred in 3 patients, all patients who underwent surgical treatment made a good recovery and were able to return to daily life in a wheelchair. On lateral radiography, the mean range of motion at the lesion site was 43°, and fluid collections between the involved vertebrae were observed in 8 patients on MR images; ankylosing spinal hyperostosis was observed in 7 patients. Charcot spine lesions tended to occur at the junction between or at the end of an ankylosing spinal hyperostotic lesion. Postoperatively, solid arthrodesis was obtained within 6 months in all surgically treated lesions.ConclusionsDisappearance of spasticity in the lower extremities is thought to be an important physical sign suggestive of CSD after SCI. Sitting imbalance and the fluid volume of the Charcot spinal lesions are related to range of motion at the lesion site. In addition to a combined approach, a single posterior approach with acquisition of anterior support is an option for surgical treatment even in cases of infected CSD.
Spontaneous herniation of the spinal cord: operative technique and follow-up in 10 cases
Authors: Hassler Werner , Al-Kahlout Eyad , Schick Uta 
Published: November 2008

Object
The authors report on a series of 10 patients with spontaneous thoracic cord herniation, provide the longterm follow-up, and propose a surgical strategy.

Methods
All 10 patients had a defect in the ventral dura mater. They were all treated surgically with wide excision of the dura around the defect, repositioning of the cord, and reconstruction with a ventral patch. Five patients were followed up for > 4 years.

Results
Surgery improved motor power in 4 patients and pain in 2 patients, although sensory disturbances remained unchanged in all but 1 patient. One patient's condition deteriorated secondarily due to edema and syringomyelia.

Conclusions
Microsurgical treatment may halt the exacerbation of neurological symptoms and should be performed with progressive deficits. Long-term results are good regarding the motor function.
Cosmetic and functional outcomes following paramedian and anterolateral retroperitoneal access in anterior lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Jagannathan Jay , Chankaew Ekawut , Urban Peter , Dumont Aaron S. , Sansur Charles A. , Kern John , Peeler Benjamin , Elias W. Jeffrey , Shen Francis , Shaffrey Mark E. , Whitehill Richard , Arlet Vincent , Shaffrey Christopher I. 
Published: November 2008

ObjectIn this paper, the authors review the functional and cosmetic outcomes and complications in 300 patients who underwent treatment for lumbar spine disease via either an anterior paramedian or conventional anterolateral retroperitoneal approach.MethodsSeven surgeons performed anterior lumbar surgeries in 300 patients between August 2004 and December 2006. One hundred and eighty patients were treated with an anterior paramedian approach, and 120 patients with an anterolateral retroperitoneal approach. An access surgeon was used in 220 cases (74%). Postoperative evaluation in all patients consisted of clinic visits, assessment with the modified Scoliosis Research Society–30 instrument, as well as a specific questionnaire relating to wound appearance and patient satisfaction with the wound.ResultsAt a mean follow-up of 31 months (range 12–47 months), the mean Scoliosis Research Society–30 score (out of 25) was 21.2 in the patients who had undergone the anterior paramedian approach and 19.4 in those who had undergone the anterolateral retroperitoneal approach (p = 0.005). The largest differences in quality of life measures were observed in the areas of pain control (p = 0.001), self-image (p = 0.004), and functional activity (p = 0.003), with the anterior paramedian group having higher scores in all 3 categories. Abdominal bulging in the vicinity of the surgical site was the most common wound complication observed and was reported by 22 patients in the anterolateral retroperitoneal group (18%), and 2 patients (1.1%) in the anterior paramedian group. Exposures of ≥ 3 levels with the anterolateral approach were associated with abdominal bulging (p = 0.04), while 1- or 2-level exposures were not (p > 0.05). Overall satisfaction with incisional appearance was higher in patients with an anterior paramedian incision (p = 0.001) and with approaches performed by an access surgeon (p = 0.004).ConclusionsPatients who undergo an anterior paramedian approach to the lumbar spine have a higher quality of life and better cosmetic outcomes than patients undergoing an anterolateral retroperitoneal approach.
Anterior approach to thoracic and lumbar spine lesions: results in 145 consecutive cases
Authors: D'Aliberti Giuseppe , Talamonti Giuseppe , Villa Fabio , Debernardi Alberto , Sansalone Cosimo Vincenzo , LaMaida Andrea , Torre Massimo , Collice Massimo 
Published: November 2008

ObjectThe authors report on a series of 145 consecutive patients with different types of spine lesions surgically treated via an anterior approach (AA) at the thoracic and lumbar levels during the past 10 years. Indications, techniques, and surgical results are described.MethodsThis series included 92 patients with fractures, 30 with neoplasms, 13 with thoracic disc hernias, and 10 with spinal infections. Based on the lesion to be addressed, the AA was used for lesion excision, corpectomy, vertebral body reconstruction with cages, realignment, and/or plating or screwing. The approach was extracavitary in 55 patients and intracavitary in 90. In 126 patients (86.8%), neural decompression and spine stabilization were achieved via a stand-alone AA (SA-AA), whereas 19 patients (13.1%) were treated using a 2-stage anteroposterior approach. This circumferential approach was reserved for select cases of severe traumatic dislocation, particular types of tumors, or specific anatomical locations. The authors developed a simple neuronavigation-based method of identifying the severely injured patients who were eligible for the SA-AA by evaluating the angle of lateral dislocation.ResultsThere were no deaths and no instances of major surgery-related morbidity. Minor morbidity was almost always transitory and was reported in 13 patients (8.9%). Neurological improvement was reported in 20% of injured patients with a preoperative incomplete lesion. Postoperatively, all patients were able to stand or at least sit without load pain. During the follow-up (mean ± standard deviation 3.8 ± 2.4 years), there were no cases of failure, fracture, dislocation, or bending of the anterior instrumentation, and the rate of pseudarthrosis was 0%.ConclusionThe anterior route provides direct access to most spine diseases and allows optimal neural decompression and the possibility of adequate realignment and strong reconstruction/fixation. Stability of the vertebral column is achieved, resolution of clinical pain is rapid and almost complete, and the rate of surgical complications is very low. The authors assert that the SA-AA offers so many advantages and has such good results that the 2-stage anteroposterior approach can be reserved for a minority of select cases and that the time for using the posterior approach alone is over.