bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terapia ormonale di affermazione di genere nelle persone transgender e gender diverse
Authors: Romani Alessia , Cocchetti Carlotta , Ristori Jiska , Maggi Mario , Fisher Alessandra Daphne 
Published: March 2024

SommarioLa terapia ormonale di affermazione di genere ha la finalità di allineare, per quanto possibile, le caratteristiche corporee con l’identità di genere e gli specifici obiettivi delle persone transgender (trans) o gender diverse (GD) che ne esprimano la necessità. Il cardine della terapia virilizzante e de-femminilizzante nelle persone trans/GD assegnate al genere femminile alla nascita (AFAB) è rappresentato dal testosterone (T), in grado di indurre modificazioni corporee quali l’amenorrea, l’aumento della distribuzione pilifera del corpo e del volto, l’aumento della massa muscolare, l’abbassamento del timbro vocale, l’aumento delle dimensioni del clitoride. L’acne, l’alopecia con pattern maschile, la policitemia e il peggioramento dell’assetto lipidico sono i principali effetti collaterali della terapia con T, che richiede un attento monitoraggio clinico-biochimico. Alcune persone trans/GD AFAB desiderano una mascolinizzazione e/o de-femminilizzazione parziale, per cui potrebbero essere proposte terapie con dosaggi ridotti di T in associazione ad altre strategie non ormonali di affermazione di genere, valutando il rapporto tra benefici e possibili rischi di tale trattamento. La terapia femminilizzante e de-mascolinizzante nelle persone trans/GD assegnate al genere maschile alla nascita (AMAB) si basa sull’uso di estrogeni (in varie formulazioni) e antiandrogeni, nella fattispecie ciproterone acetato (CPA), analoghi dell’ormone di rilascio delle gonadotropine (GnRHa) o, in alternativa, spironolattone. Tra i principali effetti attesi della terapia con estrogeni e antiandrogeni, sono previsti l’aumento del volume mammario, la riduzione della distribuzione pilifera del volto e del corpo, dell’oleosità della cute, delle erezioni spontanee e del volume testicolare e la ridistribuzione del grasso corporeo in aree ginoidi. La terapia con estrogeni può essere associata a un aumentato rischio di tromboembolismo venoso, mentre la terapia con antiandrogeni è associata a specifici – per quanto rari – effetti collaterali che impongono un regolare monitoraggio clinico e biochimico. Alcune persone trans/GD AMAB potrebbero richiedere una terapia finalizzata alla parziale femminilizzazione e/o de-mascolinizzazione del corpo; pertanto, può essere presa in considerazione una terapia con bassi dosaggi di estrogeni e/o di antiandrogeni secondo gli specifici obiettivi della persona, effettuando un bilancio tra benefici e rischi, soprattutto sotto il profilo della salute ossea e cardiovascolare.
Effect of manganese on the structure of CMAS slag glass–ceramics
Authors: Ma Rui , Zhang YuXuan , OuYang ShunLi , Wu NanNan , Li Yang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the acceleration of industrialization, environmental issues have received great attention from governments and societies around the world. Utilizing solid wastes containing valuable heavy metals and exploring their role and application in materials is one of the focal issues of environmental protection in recent years. In this paper, in order to explore the effect of Mn content on the crystallization of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass–ceramics, glass–ceramics with different content of MnO2 were prepared by sintering method and the effect of MnO2 doping on the crystalline properties, glass stability and heavy metal fixation properties of the stainless steel slag glass–ceramics was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The analysis using crystallization kinetics showed that surface crystallization dominated the whole crystallization process in the range of 0% to 10% MnO2 content. The peak glass crystallization and depolymerisation temperatures of the glass–ceramics increased gradually with increasing MnO2 content, and the main crystallization mode of the samples was one-dimensional crystallization. The main crystalline phase of the resulting glass–ceramics was transformed from diopside to spinel, with a crystallization temperature of 860℃. Heavy metals solidified in the spinel phase. This study shows that heavy metals can be effectively immobilized in glass–ceramics. In summary, the use of solid waste to prepare final products with good environmental performance provides a feasible way to utilize solid waste resources.
Electrolyte Effect on Photoetching of Gallium Nitride
Authors: Liang Huiqiang , Wei Zhenghao , Fang Jiongchong , Li Yanming , Li Changli , Xie Zhirun , Ng Yun Hau , Zeng Guosong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe limited material removal rate of conventional chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) significantly hinders the fabrication efficiency and surface quality, thereby preventing the development of gallium nitride (GaN)-based devices. Moreover, the incorporation of photoelectrochemistry in CMP has garnered increasing attention because of its potential to enhance the quality and efficiency of the GaN process. However, a considerable gap still exists in the comprehensive understanding of the specific photoelectrochemical (PEC) behavior of GaN. Here, we report the influence of the electrolyte on the PEC etching of GaN. Various acids and bases were tested, with their pH being carefully adjusted. The concentrations of the cations and anions were also examined. The results showed that photocorrosion/photoetching was more pronounced in sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and nitric acid environments than in alkaline environments, but it was less pronounced in hydrochloric acid. Furthermore, the effects of pH and anion concentration on photoetching were investigated, and the results revealed that photoetching in acidic environments weakened with increasing pH levels and diminished with increasing sulfate concentration. The underlying reasons contributing to this observation were explored. These findings provide ideas for improving the photoetching efficiency of GaN, thereby enriching the photoelectrochemical mechanical polishing (PECMP) technology of GaN.
Advanced Electrode Structures for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Current Status and Path Forward
Authors: Yang Gaoqiang , Lee ChungHyuk , Qiao Xiaoxiao , Babu Siddharth Komini , Martinez Ulises , Spendelow Jacob S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have demonstrated their viability as a promising candidate for clean energy applications. However, performance of conventional PEMFC electrodes, especially the cathode electrode, suffers from low catalyst utilization and sluggish mass transport due to the randomly distributed components and tortuous transport pathways. Development of alternative architectures in which the electrode structure is controlled across a range of length scales provides a promising path toward overcoming these limitations. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of recent research and development of advanced electrode structures, organized by decreasing length-scale from the millimeter-scale to the nanometer-scale. Specifically, advanced electrode structures are categorized into five unique architectures for specific functions: (1) macro-patterned electrodes for enhanced macro-scale mass transport, (2) micro-patterned electrodes for enhanced micro-scale mass transport, (3) electrospun electrodes with fiber-based morphology for enhanced in-plane proton transport and through-plane O2 transport, (4) enhanced-porosity electrodes for improved oxygen transport through selective inclusion of void space, and (5) catalyst film electrodes for elimination of carbon corrosion and ionomer poisoning. The PEMFC performance results achieved from each alternative electrode structure are presented and tabulated for comparison with conventional electrode architectures. Moreover, analysis of mechanisms by which new electrode structures can improve performance is presented and discussed. Finally, an overview of current limitations and future research needs is presented to guide the development of electrode structures for next generation PEMFCs.
Graphical Abstract
Development of improved electrode architectures with the control of structure on length scales ranging from millimeters to nanometers could enable a new generation of fuel cells with increased performance and reduced cost. This paper presents an in-depth review and critical analysis of recent developments and future outlook on the design of advanced electrode structures.
Rising to the challenge of defining and operationalising multimorbidity in a UK hospital setting: the ADMISSION research collaborative
Authors: Cooper Rachel , Bunn Jonathan G. , Richardson Sarah J. , Hillman Susan J. , Sayer Avan A. , Witham Miles D. ,   the ADMISSION research collaborative
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Greater transparency and consistency when defining multimorbidity in different settings is needed. We aimed to: (1) adapt published principles that can guide the selection of long-term conditions for inclusion in research studies of multimorbidity in hospitals; (2) apply these principles and identify a list of long-term conditions; (3) operationalise this list by mapping it to International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) codes.

Methods
Review by independent assessors and ratification by an interdisciplinary programme management group.

Results
Agreement was reached that when defining multimorbidity in hospitals for research purposes all conditions must meet the following four criteria: (1) medical diagnosis; (2) typically present for ≥ 12 months; (3) at least one of currently active; permanent in effect; requiring current treatment, care or therapy; requiring surveillance; remitting-relapsing and requiring ongoing treatment or care, and; (4) lead to at least one of: significantly increased risk of death; significantly reduced quality of life; frailty or physical disability; significantly worsened mental health; significantly increased treatment burden (indicated by an increased risk of hospital admission or increased length of hospital stay). Application of these principles to two existing lists of conditions led to the selection of 60 conditions that can be used when defining multimorbidity for research focused on hospitalised patients. ICD-10 codes were identified for each of these conditions to ensure consistency in their operationalisation.

Conclusions
This work contributes to achieving the goal of greater transparency and consistency in the approach to the study of multimorbidity, with a specific focus on the UK hospital setting.
Von der Tochter, die ihren Vater pflegt
Authors: Raters Marie-Luise 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungHäusliche Pflege wird auch heute noch überwiegend von Frauen geleistet. Der Gender-Gap lag 2019 in Deutschland bei 52,4 %. Lässt sich diese Praxis rational rechtfertigen? Vom Standpunkt eines rationalistischen ethischen Feminismus’ und am Beispiel einer pflegenden Tochter (Abschnitt 1) diskutiert der Essay drei mögliche Argumente (Abschnitte 2, 3, 5). Zunächst wird gezeigt, dass das weibliche Geschlecht kein rationaler Grund zur Begründung von Pflichten ist (Abschnitt 2). Gegen das nicht geschlechtsspezifische, aber dafür überzeugendere Argument des moralischen Werts häuslicher Pflege (Abschnitt 3) wird das Argument der Supererogation (Abschnitt 4) ins Spiel gebracht, weil es rationale Gründe geben kann, aus denen häusliche Pflege vernünftigerweise keine Pflicht, sondern moralisch freiwillige Supererogation sein sollte. Ein nächster Abschnitt erläutert, warum sich nicht per se schließen lässt, dass häusliche Pflege besonders verdienstvolle Supererogation wäre, wenn sie keine Pflicht ist (Abschnitt 5). Im letzten Abschnitt werden einige weiterführende Überlegungen für die Supererogationsforschung und die moralische Praxis angestellt.
Advancements and Challenges of Micromechanics-based Homogenization for the Short Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Lee Hugon , Lee Sangryun , Ryu Seunghwa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the realm of technologically important short fiber and particulate-reinforced composites, homogenization approaches based on micromechanics are extensively explored for estimating inherent effective properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the core principles underpinning micromechanics-based homogenization, as well as its advancements and applications encompassing: (i) predicting nonlinear reactions under complex and cyclic loading conditions, (ii) accounting for interfacial imperfections, and (iii) estimating various effective physical properties. We also delve into the integration of (iv) data-driven strategies, aiming to augment the accuracy of predictions. We conclude the article by discussing a seminal challenge, (v) the prediction of localized failure.
Reference Materials for Improving Reliability of Multiomics Profiling
Authors: Ren Luyao , Shi Leming , Zheng Yuanting 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh-throughput technologies for multiomics or molecular phenomics profiling have been extensively adopted in biomedical research and clinical applications, offering a more comprehensive understanding of biological processes and diseases. Omics reference materials play a pivotal role in ensuring the accuracy, reliability, and comparability of laboratory measurements and analyses. However, the current application of omics reference materials has revealed several issues, including inappropriate selection and underutilization, leading to inconsistencies across laboratories. This review aims to address these concerns by emphasizing the importance of well-characterized reference materials at each level of omics, encompassing (epi-)genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. By summarizing their characteristics, advantages, and limitations along with appropriate performance metrics pertinent to study purposes, we provide an overview of how omics reference materials can enhance data quality and data integration, thus fostering robust scientific investigations with omics technologies.
Durable sodium iodide interphase stabilizing sodium metal anodes
Authors: Chen Kaizhi , Huang Hongyang , Xu Shitan , Yuan Zishun , Yang Yang , Yao Yu , Zhang Xianghua , Rui Xianhong , Yu Yan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe implementation of sodium metal batteries (SMBs) is known for their low cost and high energy density. However, a major concern in SMBs is the formation of dendrites on the Na metal anode, which can potentially cause short circuits and compromise safety. Herein, to address this issue, we propose a novel approach to create a protective layer by decorating Na surface with NaI particles. This protective layer exhibits a high Young’s modulus and excellent sodium ion transference ability. As a result, the lifespan of the Na/NaI||Na/NaI cell is significantly extended to 850 h at 0.5 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, when the Na/NaI anode is combined with a Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode, the full cell retains 83 mAh g−1 (approximately 94% of its initial capacity) even after 1500 cycles at 5 C. Overall, this work presents a simple and effective method for establishing a protective layer on the Na surface, thereby enabling the realization of long lifespan and stable SMBs.
The role of next-generation sequencing in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Cho Young-Uk 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNext-generation sequencing (NGS) allows high-throughput detection of molecular changes in tumors. Over the past 15 years, NGS has rapidly evolved from a promising research tool to a core component of the clinical laboratory. Sequencing of tumor cells provides an important step in detecting somatic driver mutations that not only characterize the disease but also influence treatment decisions. For patients with hematologic malignancies, NGS has been used for accurate classification and diagnosis based on genetic alterations. The recently revised World Health Organization classification and the European LeukemiaNet recommendations for acute myeloid leukemia consider genetic abnormalities as a top priority for diagnosis, prognostication, monitoring of measurable residual disease, and treatment choice. This review aims to present the role and utility of various NGS approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of hemato-oncology patients.
The neurotropic schistosome vs experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: are there any winners?
Authors: Šmídová Barbora , Majer Martin , Novák Jan , Revalová Alena , Horák Petr , Macháček Tomáš 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe incidences of multiple sclerosis have risen worldwide, yet neither the trigger nor efficient treatment is known. Some research is dedicated to looking for treatment by parasites, mainly by helminths. However, little is known about the effect of helminths that infect the nervous system. Therefore, we chose the neurotropic avian schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti, which strongly promotes M2 polarization and tissue repair in the central nervous system, and we tested its effect on the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. Surprisingly, the symptoms of EAE tended to worsen after the infection with T. regenti. The infection did not stimulate tissue repair, as indicated by the similar level of demyelination. Eosinophils heavily infiltrated the infected tissue, and the microglia number increased as well. Furthermore, splenocytes from T. regenti-infected EAE mice produced more interferon (IFN)-γ than splenocytes from EAE mice after stimulation with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Our research indicates that the combination of increased eosinophil numbers and production of IFN-γ tends to worsen the EAE symptoms. Moreover, the data highlight the importance of considering the direct effect of the parasite on the tissue, as the migrating parasite may further tissue damage and make tissue repair even more difficult.
The theological sources and poetic priorities of Milton's narrative theodicy
Authors: Alenskis David B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study of Paradise Lost, interpreted through the lens of John Milton's treatise De doctrina Christiana, argues that the poet seeks to breathe new life into the tropes of orthodox Christian theodicy by radicalising concepts chosen eclectically from both Reformed and Arminian schools of thought, integrating them within the patchwork of his own idiosyncratic heterodoxies and thus catalysing a fundamentally new theology propelled by his narrative priorities. This approach makes the drama that Milton intuits itself the driver of dogma, which drama allows him to bring God and reader into the same story, under the spell of his own theodical narration.
A health technology assessment of personalized nutrition interventions using the EUnetHTA HTA Core Model
Authors: Galekop Milanne Maria Johanna , del Bas Josep Maria , Calder Philip C. , Uyl-De Groot Carin A. , Redekop William Ken 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Poor nutrition links to chronic diseases, emphasizing the need for optimized diets. The EU-funded project PREVENTOMICS, introduced personalized nutrition to address this. This study aims to perform a health technology assessment (HTA) comparing personalized nutrition interventions developed through this project, with non-personalized nutrition interventions (control) for people with normal weight, overweight, or obesity. The goal is to support decisions about further development and implementation of personalized nutrition.

Methods
The PREVENTOMICS interventions were evaluated using the European Network for HTA Core Model, which includes a methodological framework that encompasses different domains for value assessment. Information was gathered via [1] different statistical analyses and modeling studies, [2] questions asked of project partners and, [3] other (un)published materials.

Results
Clinical trials of PREVENTOMICS interventions demonstrated different body mass index changes compared to control; differences ranged from −0.80 to 0.20 kg/m2. Long-term outcome predictions showed generally improved health outcomes for the interventions; some appeared cost-effective (e.g., interventions in UK). Ethical concerns around health inequality and the lack of specific legal regulations for personalized nutrition interventions were identified. Choice modeling studies indicated openness to personalized nutrition interventions; decisions were primarily affected by intervention’s price.

Conclusions
PREVENTOMICS clinical trials have shown promising effectiveness with no major safety concerns, although uncertainties about effectiveness exist due to small samples (n=60–264) and short follow-ups (10–16 weeks). Larger, longer trials are needed for robust evidence before implementation could be considered. Among other considerations, developers should explore financing options and collaborate with policymakers to prevent exclusion of specific groups due to information shortages.
Scientific basis for improving the efficiency of urban street and road network operation
Authors: Yang Shilin , Stepanchuk Oleksandr , Pylypenko Olexandr , Ji Junwen , Bieliatynskyi Andrii 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe study is an experimental and theoretical analysis of the patterns of traffic flows and the possibilities of their distribution on urban street and road networks. It considers and analyses modern approaches that make it possible to improve traffic flow control mechanisms and traffic conditions on a street and road network. Based on the established internal relationships, the paper develops a model of the influence of factors on the level of their priority, which makes it possible to divide them by hierarchy levels and, accordingly, to observe the level of their impact on independent components. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the newly developed method of vehicle traffic control, which involves the distribution of traffic flows along the urban street and road network. The conclusions presented in the study represent scientific and methodological developments and applied recommendations that can be used in urban planning to improve the conditions of transport services in populated areas.
Does an antihypertensive diet cost more? Analysis from the Chinese Heart-Healthy diet trial
Authors: Guo Yishan , Su Danping , Chen Hong , Ding Yanxi , Zhang Shiyu , Sun Hong , Chen Dandi , Yin Wenya , Li Xiang , Zeng Guo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To determine whether the Chinese heart-healthy diet (Sichuan cuisine version) (CHH diet-SC) was more expensive than the conventional Sichuan diet and explore the food groups and nutrients that mainly affected the cost of CHH diet-SC.

Design:
Cost analysis of 4-week intervention diets in the Sichuan center representing southwestern China in the CHH diet study.

Setting:
A multicentre, parallel-group, single-blind, randomised feeding trial evaluating the efficacy of lowering blood pressure with the cuisine-based CHH diet.

Participants:
Totally, fifty-three participants with hypertension aged 25–75 years in the Sichuan center were randomised into the control group (n 26) or the CHH diet-SC group (n 27).

Results:
The CHH diet-SC was more expensive than the control diet (¥27·87 ± 2·41 v. ¥25·18 ± 2·79 equals $3·90 ± 0·34 v. $3·52 ± 0·39, P < 0·001), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for a 1-mm Hg systolic blood pressure reduction was ¥9·12 ($1·28). Intakes and the cost of seafood, dairy products, fruits, soybeans and nuts, whole grains and mixed beans were higher for the CHH diet-SC than for the control diet (P < 0·001). Intakes of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin C, Mg and phosphorus were positively correlated with the cost (P < 0·05).

Conclusions:
The CHH diet-SC costs more than the conventional Sichuan diet, partly due to the high cost of specific food groups. Positive correlations between the intakes of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin C, Mg, phosphorus and the dietary cost could be a direction to adjust the composition within the food groups to reduce the cost of the CHH diet-SC.