bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Never Waste a Good Crisis: COVID-19 and Research Ethics
Authors: Holm Søren 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe public health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic led to a rapid surge in activity in biomedical and social science. The pandemic created a need for new scientific knowledge specifically related to the new, emerging infectious agent and it quickly showed huge gaps in knowledge in relation to social and policy responses to pandemics. Governments all over the world accepted the COVID-19 pandemic as a significant public health crisis and went into crisis mode in order to end the crisis and mitigate its impacts. One area in which rapid policy changes occurred was in relation to research ethics. Research ethics systems and guidelines were changed in many countries. The COVID-19 crisis also led to a flurry of philosophical and bioethical work arguing that traditional research ethics rules and principles should be suspended, rethought, or abolished. This essay will analyze whether a public health crisis justifies changing research ethics principles and policies and, if so, what the scope of justified changes is.
Developing Novel Tools for Bioethics Education: ACECS and the Visual Analytics Dashboard
Authors: Teti Stowe Locke , Armstrong Kelly 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The translation of bedside experience to pedagogical content presents a unique challenge for the field of bioethics. The contributions are multidisciplinary, the practices are heterogeneous, and the work product is characteristically nuanced. While academic bioethics education programs have proliferated, developing content and pedagogy sufficient to teach clinical ethics effectively remains a longstanding challenge. The authors identify three reasons why progress towards this goal has been slow. First, there is a lack of robust, empirical knowledge for education focused on praxis. Second, the methods employed in academic education tend to focus on traditional didactic approaches rather than engendering competency through interaction and practice—the principle means by which clinical ethicists work. Third, the data practitioners have captured has not been presented in a medium educators and students can most meaningfully interact with.
In this paper, the authors describe a novel pedagogical tool: the Armstrong Clinical Ethics Coding System (ACECS) and interactive visual analytics dashboard. Together, these components comprise an educational platform that utilizes the empirical data collected by the institution’s ethics service. The tool offers four advantages. First, it aids with the identification of ethical issues that present during a consultation at that specific institution or medical unit by making use of a lingua franca comprehensible to both ethicists and non-ethicists. Second, content is centered on issue frequency, type, and relation to other issues. Iterating through cases, requestors, or hospital units allows one to understand cases typologically and through metanarratives that reveal relationships and subtle patterns. Third, the use of interactive data visualizations and data storytelling aids comprehension and retention. Fourth, the process of using the system necessitates understanding the manifold ways each case can be understood, accommodating a wide range of perspectives and ethical lenses, enhancing case analysis and self-reflection conducive to life-long learning.
A New Electron and Proton Radiation Belt Identified by CIRBE/REPTile‐2 Measurements After the Magnetic Super Storm of 10 May 2024
Authors: Li Xinlin , Xiang Zheng , Mei Yang , O'Brien Declan , Brennan David , Zhao Hong , Baker Daniel N. , Temerin Michael A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFollowing the largest magnetic storm in 20 years (10 May 2024), REPTile‐2 on NASA's CIRBE satellite identified two new radiation belts containing 1.3–5 MeV electrons around L = 2.5–3.5 and 6.8–20 MeV protons around L = 2. The region around L = 2.5–3.5 is usually devoid of relativistic electrons due to wave‐particle interactions that scatter them into the atmosphere. However, these 1.3–5 MeV electrons in this new belt seemed unaffected until a magnetic storm on 28 June 2024, perturbed the region. The long‐lasting nature of this new electron belt has physical implications for the dependence of electron wave‐particle interactions on energy, plasma density, and magnetic field strength. The enhancement of protons around L = 2 exceeded an order of magnitude between 6.8 and 15 MeV forming a distinct new proton belt that appears even more stable. CIRBE, after a year of successful operation, malfunctioned 25 days before the super storm but returned to functionality 1 month after the storm, enabling these discoveries.
Electro-optic cavities for in-situ measurement of cavity fields
Authors: Spencer Michael S. , Urban Joanna M. , Frenzel Maximilian , Mueller Niclas S. , Minakova Olga , Wolf Martin , Paarmann Alexander , Maehrlein Sebastian F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cavity electrodynamics offers a unique avenue for tailoring ground-state material properties, excited-state engineering, and versatile control of quantum matter. Merging these concepts with high-field physics in the terahertz (THz) spectral range opens the door to explore low-energy, field-driven cavity electrodynamics, emerging from fundamental resonances or order parameters. Despite this demand, leveraging the full potential of field-driven material control in cavities is hindered by the lack of direct access to the intra-cavity fields. Here, we demonstrate a new concept of active cavities, consisting of electro-optic Fabry-Pérot resonators, which measure their intra-cavity electric fields on sub-cycle timescales. We thereby demonstrate quantitative retrieval of the cavity modes in amplitude and phase, over a broad THz frequency range. To enable simultaneous intra-cavity sampling alongside excited-state material control, we design a tunable multi-layer cavity, enabling deterministic design of hybrid cavities for polaritonic systems. Our theoretical models reveal the origin of the avoided crossings embedded in the intricate mode dispersion, and will enable fully-switchable polaritonic effects within arbitrary materials hosted by the hybrid cavity. Electro-optic cavities (EOCs) will therefore serve as integrated probes of light-matter interactions across all coupling regimes, laying the foundation for field-resolved intra-cavity quantum electrodynamics.
Using resistor network models to predict the transport properties of solid-state battery composites
Authors: Ketter Lukas , Greb Niklas , Bernges Tim , Zeier Wolfgang G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Solid-state batteries use composites of solid ion conductors and active materials as electrode materials. The effective transport of charge carriers and heat thereby strongly determines the overall solid-state battery performance and safety. However, the phase space for optimization of the composition of solid electrolyte, active material, additive is too large to cover experimentally. In this work, a resistor network model is presented that successfully describes the transport phenomena in solid-state battery composites, when benchmarked against experimental data of the electronic, ionic, and thermal conductivity of LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2-Li6PS5Cl positive electrode composites. To highlight the broadness of the approach, literature data are examined using the proposed model. As the model is easily accessible and expandable, without the need for high computing power, it offers valuable guidance for experimentalists helping to streamline the tedious process of performing a multitude of experiments to understand and optimize the effective transport of composite electrodes.
Neurovascularization inhibiting dual responsive hydrogel for alleviating the progression of osteoarthritis
Authors: Qin Wenpin , Ma Zhangyu , Bai Guo , Qin Wen , Li Ling , Hao Dongxiao , Wang Yuzhu , Yan Jianfei , Han Xiaoxiao , Niu Wen , Niu Lina , Jiao Kai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Treating osteoarthritis (OA) associated pain is a challenge with the potential to significantly improve patients lives. Here, we report on a hydrogel for extracellular RNA scavenging and releasing bevacizumab to block neurovascularization at the osteochondral interface, thereby mitigating OA pain and disease progression. The hydrogel is formed by cross-linking aldehyde-phenylboronic acid-modified sodium alginate/polyethyleneimine-grafted protocatechuic acid (OSAP/PPCA) and bevacizumab sustained-release nanoparticles (BGN@Be), termed OSPPB. The dynamic Schiff base bonds and boronic ester bonds allow for injectability, self-healing, and pH/reactive oxygen species dual responsiveness. The OSPPB hydrogel can significantly inhibit angiogenesis and neurogenesis in vitro. In an in vivo OA model, intraarticular injection of OSPPB accelerates the healing process of condyles and alleviates chronic pain by inhibiting neurovascularization at the osteochondral interface. The injectable hydrogel represents a promising technique to treat OA and OA associated pain.
Public health implications of multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in retail oysters
Authors: Mohammed Rahma , Nader Sara M. , Hamza Dalia A. , Sabry Maha A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major challenge for food safety and public health. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of oysters sold in Egypt as a source for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), MRSA, and multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDR-MRSA). It also examined the occurrence of tsst-1 virulence gene and assessed the associated zoonotic risks. Thirty-three pooled fresh oyster samples were acquired from different retail fish markets in Egypt. S. aureus was identified by conventional culture-based and molecular methods. Antimicrobial resistance was performed by the disk-diffusion method, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was calculated. Antimicrobial resistance (mecA and mecC) and virulence (tsst-1) genes were screened using polymerase chain reaction. The clustering of virulent MDR-MRSA isolates was performed using R with the pheatmap package. The prevalence of S. aureus was 39.4% (13 /33), and 77% of them (10/13) were classified as MDR with MARI values greater than 0.2. Notably, 46.2% (6 /13) of isolates were identified as MRSA and all MRSA isolates displayed MDR. Of the MDR-MRSA isolates, 66.7% (4 /6) possessed the mecA gene, while 16.7% (1 /6) tested positive for the mecC gene. Additionally, the tsst-1 gene was identified in one isolate (16.7%). Interestingly, two MDR-MRSA isolates exhibited a clustered pattern. The study sheds light on the emergence of virulent MDR-MRSA isolates in Egyptian oysters. It highlights oysters as a potential source for spreading these isolates within aquatic ecosystems, posing a threat to food safety and public health.
Ocean stratification impedes particulate transport to the plumes of Enceladus
Authors: Ames Flynn , Ferreira David , Czaja Arnaud , Masters Adam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Water-vapour plumes erupting from Enceladus’ south pole provide a window into the properties of its subsurface ocean, a prime target in the search for life. However, the extent to which plume material represents conditions at Enceladus’ depths is unclear, because of its unknown ocean stratification, which may impede the transport of matter to the ocean top. Previous studies have found conflicting stratification regimes using differing parameter choices and model physics. Here, we build a comprehensive view of Enceladus’ ocean stratification and bottom-to-top transport timescale, across plausible ranges of salinity and tidally- and librationally-induced mixing, accounting for non-linearities in the equation of state for water, geothermal heating and ice-ocean freshwater exchanges. We use theoretical models verified with global ocean numerical simulations. We show that, under a steady state assumption for the ice shell, which requires melting at the poles, there is no parameter choice permitting an unstratified ocean from top to bottom there. As a result, potential hydrothermal products take at minimum 100s of years to reach the plumes. This suggests that either timescales of several months, inferred from Cassini observations, are incorrect, perhaps biased by alternative particulate transport mechanisms, or that Enceladus’ ice shell is not in a quasi-equilibrated state.
The head-tail radio galaxy and revived fossil plasma in Abell 1775
Authors: Bushi A. , Botteon A. , Dallacasa D. , van Weeren R. J. , Venturi T. , Brüggen M. , Gastaldello F. , Giacintucci S. 
Published: February 2025

Context. Head-tail radio galaxies are characterized by a head, corresponding to an elliptical galaxy, and two radio jets sweeping back from the head, forming an extended structure behind the host galaxy that is moving through the intracluster medium (ICM). This morphology arises from the interaction between the diffuse radio-emitting plasma and the surrounding environment. Sometimes, in galaxy clusters, revived fossil plasma can be found, and it traces old active galactic nucleus ejecta with a very steep spectrum that has been re-energized through processes in the ICM, unrelated to the progenitor radio galaxy.
Aims. We focus on the study of the central region of Abell 1775, a galaxy cluster in an unclear dynamical state at a redshift of z = 0.07203. It hosts two giant radio-loud elliptical galaxies, the head-tail radio galaxy that ‘breaks’ at the position of a cold front detected in the X-rays, filamentary revived fossil plasma, and central diffuse emission. This study aims to investigate and constrain the spectral properties and trends along the head-tail, as well as the revived fossil plasma, to better understand the formation process of the non-thermal phenomena in A1775.
Methods. We make use of observations at three frequencies performed with LOFAR at 144 MHz, and new deep uGMRT observations at 400 MHz and at 650 MHz.
Results. We observe an overall steepening along the tail of the head-tail radio galaxy. In the radio colour-colour diagram, ageing models reproduce the emission of the head-tail. An unexpected brightness increase at the head of the tail suggests a complex bending of the jets. We derived the equipartition magnetic field and minimum pressure along the tail. We recovered the structure of the revived fossil plasma, which appears as thin filaments with ultra-steep spectra.
Conclusions. We show that high-sensitivity, high-resolution observations at low frequencies are essential for detecting the full extent of the tail, enabling a deeper spectral analysis and resolving the structure and spectral properties of revived fossil plasma.
Fertilitätsprotektion bei Personen mit Geschlechtsinkongruenz und männlichem Zuweisungsgeschlecht
Authors: Schneider Florian Josef , Scheffer Bettina , Kliesch Sabine , Cremers Jann-Frederik 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungNach aktuellen Leitlinien muss bei Behandlungssuchenden mit Geschlechtsinkongruenz eine
adäquate Aufklärung über die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten einer Fertilitätsprotektion durch
medizinisches Fachpersonal stattfinden. Durch die geschlechtsangleichende Hormontherapie bei
Behandlungssuchenden mit männlichem Zuweisungsgeschlecht kommt es zu einer Reduktion von LH,
FSH und Testosteron und damit einhergehend zu einer Regression der Spermatogenese (bis hin zum
vollständigen Ausbleiben) und einer konsekutiven Hodenatrophie. Behandlungssuchende, die mit
der geschlechtsangleichenden Hormontherapie nach einer durchlebten männlichen Pubertät
beginnen, können eine Ejakulatprobe abgeben, um Spermien zu kryokonservieren. Falls im
Ejakulat unter geschlechtsangleichender Hormontherapie keine Spermien zu finden sind oder das
Abgeben von Ejakulat nicht mehr möglich oder psychisch zu belastend ist, sollte eine
(mikrochirurgische) testikuläre Spermienextraktion ([m]TESE), angeboten werden. Eine
Elektroejakulation unter Narkose ist eher selten zielführend, da die Samenzellbildung unter
Hormonbehandlung gestört. Aus diesem Grund ist auch eine mikrochirurgische epididymale
Spermienaspirtation (MESA) nicht zielführend. Wird bei Jugendlichen mit Geschlechtsinkongruenz
die Pubertätsblockade und/oder die geschlechtsangleichende Hormontherapie bereits in einem
frühen Stadium der Pubertät (ab Tanner-Stadium 2 möglich) begonnen, wird eine Ausreifung
spermatogonialer Stammzellen zu reifen Spermien verhindert. Die Pubertätsblockade mit GnRH
führt zu einer Reduktion von LH und FSH in der Hirnanhangsdrüse. Konsekutiv finden keine
Testosteronproduktion in den Leydig-Zellen und auch keine Stimulation der Spermatogenese im
Hoden statt. In diesen Fällen ist die Kryokonservierung von spermatogonialen Stammzellen, wie
sie in einigen Ländern für peripubertäre Patienten vor einer notwendigen keimzellschädigenden
Therapie angeboten wird, möglich. In Deutschland existiert ein entsprechendes Netzwerk
(Androprotect), das bereits 2012 in Münster gegründet wurde. Dieses Vorgehen wird in
Deutschland über Androprotect auch für jugendliche Behandlungssuchende mit
Geschlechtsinkongruenz angeboten. Das Vorgehen gilt als experimentell, da es derzeit noch
keine etablierte Therapie für die spätere Refertilisierung der betroffenen Erwachsenen gibt,
wenngleich mehrere Verfahren der In-vitro-Spermienreifung und Gewebetransplantation in der
Entwicklung sind. Bei der Betreuung von Menschen mit Geschlechtsinkongruenz sollten im
interdisziplinären Behandlungsteam eine individuelle Beratung durch erfahrenes Fachpersonal
stattfinden und im Sinne einer partizipativen Entscheidungsfindung (informed consent) individuelle Behandlungsansätze angeboten werden, um für jeden
Behandlungssuchenden den richtigen Weg zur Entscheidung für oder gegen eine
Fertilitätsprotektion zu finden.
Gender disparity in hepatobiliary endoscopy training and delivery: Results of a nationwide survey
Authors: Kotha Sreelakshmi , Long Matthew , Berry Philip 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There are far fewer female, independent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) practitioners than men in the UK. This study aimed to explore what lies behind the disparity by examining the current state of training, attitudes, and other factors that may influence trainees’ decision to pursue ERCP training, with a view to identifying modifiable factors.Anonymized responses to an electronic survey distributed to gastroenterology trainees and independent ERCP practitioners in the UK were collected and analyzed.Of 214 respondents 45% were female. Whereas gender distribution in non-hepatobiliary therapeutic endoscopy was balanced, only 29% of ERCP trainees were female. Eighty percent of those who worked less than full time (LTFT) were female, but 32% felt that LTFT was incompatible with ERCP training. Concerningly, one-quarter of female respondents reported that they had been discouraged. It was noted that females are often treated differently within endoscopy units, including by patients. Fifty percent of females indicated that radiation exposure affected their decision to train in ERCP, compared with 22% of males. A question specific to trainers revealed that 95% felt that male gender was associated with increased confidence. In free-text responses, valuable insights into trainees’ personal experiences were provided, and a selection is presented. Finally, strategies to redress the gender imbalance are proposed.Gender disparity in HPB endoscopy exists and is stark. Underlying this are attitudes, assumptions, and environmental factors that will require systemic and sustained correction. Ideas about how to address this challenge need to be explored.
Numerals in Koracha
Authors: Kodagunti Basavaraja 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The paper examines Koracha numerals to comprehend their internal structure and historical development. This study
has revealed several intriguing features within Koracha, including: (1) a distinct structure in the formation of complex numerals,
where some involve a conjoining morpheme, (2) the presence of two different forms for the base term ‘ten’ in the creation of
higher numerals, (3) variations in the forms of numerals used independently versus those employed in compound numerals, and (4) the existence of unique forms of numerals, among other notable characteristics. An examination of the historical aspects of
Koracha numerals has the potential to unveil various intriguing historical developments, including the retention of the conjoining
morpheme — a possible Dravidian feature lost in other languages but preserved in Koracha. Additionally, Koracha displays two
distinct forms of the numeral ‘ten’ in various complex numerals, indicating an ongoing historical shift in numeral forms.
A typological study on person sensitivity in Ersu
Authors: Zhang Sihong , Chen Jie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Since the “conjunct vs. disjunct” distinction was employed to describe the interaction between person and other
grammatical categories or functional factors in Kathmandu Newari, the linguistic phenomenon has been widely discussed and
different terms such as “self person vs. other person” and “egophoric vs. non-egophoric” distinction have also been used. However,
there are always widespread parameters of variations found in specific languages. Ersu, a language quite sensitive to person
distinction, is a case in point. Firstly, it not only has two different sets of first person pronouns but also has two different
sets of third person pronouns. Moreover, it has differentiated person-based marking strategies of prospective, prospective,
imminent and perfect aspects. Ersu not only shares some similarities with those person distinction languages, but also boasts of
its own uniqueness. Therefore, we proposed to use “person sensitivity” as a more general and suitable term to describe the
linguistic phenomenon in cross-languages.
Upper critical fields in high-

T

c

superconductors
Authors: Wei Wei , Xiang Yuling , Hou Qiang , Sun Yue , Shi Zhixiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Since the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates, understanding the unconventional pairing mechanism has remained one of the most significant challenges. The upper critical field (

H

c
2

) is an essential parameter for obtaining information on the pair-breaking mechanism, coherence length ξ, and pairing symmetry, all of which are crucial for understanding unconventional superconducting mechanisms. Here, we provide a brief review of studies on

H

c
2

in several representative series of cuprate, iron-based, and nickelate superconductors. By comparing the behavior of

H

c
2

as a function of temperature, doping concentration, and anisotropy across these three major classes of superconductors, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of the complex pairing interactions in high-temperature superconductors.