bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective oil/air ratio in industrial oil mist lubricating systems
Authors: Szydlo Zbigniew A. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeTo provide information on the distribution of oil deposition inside the pipe conducting oil mist used for lubricating purposes and to show resulting variations of oil/air ratio.Design/methodology/approachThe model of an industrial pipeline has been assembled ranging more than 100 m away from the oil mist source, equipped with devices collecting oil deposited inside the pipes. Other tests were performed in stands constructed as parts of pipes coiled in helical form. Long time experiments with continuous oil mist flow enabled to achieve calculable results.FindingsThe quantitative results obtained in experimental investigation on the reduction of oil/air ratio in an oil mist header system show that considerable differences of the oil/air ratio may be observed in a typical long pipeline. Possible consequences of oil deficiency on lubrication of remote mechanisms are presented in the case study. Results of tests are shown in diagrams and tables. These results may be useful for correction of design calculations procedures.Research limitations/implicationsTests have been made on the basis of one kind of the oil atomized in typical condition and conveyed with steady flow through the piping of rather simple geometry. However, there are other factors affecting oil droplets deposition and the most influencing are probably: the flow velocity/pipe diameter factor, oil atomization characteristics and the geometry of the oil mist piping.Practical implicationsThe research has shown dramatic decrease of oil content in the long distance systems that may result in poor lubrication of remote mechanisms or over lubrication of those located close to the oil mist generator. It should be taken on account in calculation of oil mist demand to particular lubrication points.Originality/valuePresented tests have been carried in the scale and flow parameters very close to those applied in industry. Thus, the results are reliable and could be very useful both for designers and the practitioners of centralized oil mist systems.
Some studies on scuffing in boundary lubricated sliding contact with subsurface plastic deformation
Authors: Srinivasa Prakash Regalla , Rao U.R.K. , Sethuramaiah A. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeTo study the nature of scuffing in boundary lubricated sliding contacts with subsurface plastic deformation, as it occurs in plastic deformation processing.Design/methodology/approachLow speed oblique plastic impact testing (LOSOPIT) has been conducted on copper specimen with a hard En31 ball in a test rig that has facility to measure the coefficient of friction. Based on the findings of friction coefficient in these experiments, friction power has been estimated and was found to be in the typical range. Scuffing studies were undertaken both by observation of the slid surface of En31 sphere in a ferrographic microscope with camera facility as well as by calculation of the friction power.FindingsThe boundary lubricant was found to have profound role in safeguarding the surface from severe deformation and micro‐cracks. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of the craters produced by LOSOPIT has given evidence that using the boundary lubricant resulted in smooth transfer of shear stress from the sphere to the specimen surface through the boundary lubricant layer. Owing to this, the asperities have been found flattened in a smooth manner instead of metal at the surface being scuffed. A limited amount of reduction was found in the coefficient of friction due to the use of boundary lubricant from that in the dry testing.Research limitations/implicationsThe model used to estimate the friction power is predominantly governed by the friction coefficient itself rather than either the normal load or the sliding speed. Friction coefficient itself may be contributed by various mechanisms all of which may not equally contribute to scuffing. Study is underway to carefully glean out those components of friction that exactly result in scuffing, and to use more effective criteria for scuffing.Practical implicationsThe knowledge and data developed in the paper give a clear explanation of conditions under which scuffing can take place in sliding contacts operating under boundary regime. The most important applications are metalforming and metal cutting. It is relevant to mechanical engineering machinery in which intense contact pressures are expected.Originality/valueThis paper fills the gap of lack of scuffing studies in plastic deformation processing. All earlier studies focused on elastic conditions prevailing at the contact. Since, industry has been witnessing a need to tackle the severe problems related to formed product quality and certain defects hitherto unexplained, this paper gives a new direction to explain the defects in products from scuffing point of view. In this paper, it has been shown that friction power can be a good criterion to represent scuffing intensity in boundary lubrication.
The influences of capillary restriction and journal eccentricity on the stability of the rigid rotor‐hybrid bearing system
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Hsien , Chang Yeon‐Pun , Lee Hsing‐Han , Wang Yea‐Ping , Kang Yuan 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe present paper proposes a theoretical analysis of the stability characteristics of a rigid rotor‐hybrid bearing system. It is intended that on the basis of the numerical results drawn from this study, the optimal restriction parameter for stable operation can be determined for use in the bearing design process.Design/methodology/approachA rigid rotor supported by hybrid oil film bearings with six recesses and capillary‐compensated restrictors is studied. In order to facilitate the calculation of film dynamics, using the perturbation method, the Reynolds equation was linearized and subsequently solved using finite difference techniques, whilst the stability maps were determined by the Routh‐Hurwitz method.FindingsThe data reported here suggest that the stability characteristics of the rigid rotor‐bearing system could be improved by the use of shallow, dual‐recessed hybrid bearings with capillary compensation. For the same restriction parameter and the same land‐width ratio used in large eccentricity case the stability characteristics of a shallow‐recessed bearing is superior to that of a deep‐recessed bearing, however, a deep‐recessed bearing with a small land‐width ratio and a small restriction parameter can provide better stability than a shallow‐recessed bearing with a large land‐width ratio or with a large restriction parameter.Originality/valueThis study proposes an extensive database as a critical requirement in the design of hybrid bearings, in order to ensure that a rotor bearing system is operating stably.
Enhancing workplace learning for adolescents: the use of metacognitive instruction
Authors: Munby Hugh , Zanibbi Mike , Poth Cheryl‐Anne , Hutchinson Nancy L. , Chin Peter , Thornton Antoinette 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to describe an instructional study of three cases of work‐based education students (in co‐operative education in Canada), described by their teachers as ranging from high achieving to low achieving.Design/methodology/approachThe three students are given metacognitive instruction to enhance their workplace learning. The instruction is based on findings from a population of recent case studies of learning in the workplace and is shared with the students, with their teachers, and with their workplace supervisors. Interviews and observations are used to describe the variable success of metacognitive instruction in the three workplace settings.FindingsThe paper finds that, while the teachers do not implement the materials fully, both the employers and the students find the metacognitive questions that make up the instructional materials to be useful and have suggestions for how the instructional materials should be used in workplaces. The instructional materials are appended.Originality/valueThe paper provides useful information on enhancing their workplace learning among work‐based education students.
Further thoughts about putting the user at the center
Authors: Mitchell Eleanor , Barbara Watstein Sarah 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to articulate questions about one of the critical challenges facing librarians at all levels and in all types of libraries today – putting the user at the center.Design/methodology/approachReflects on users and how libraries can better serve them.FindingsProposes three steps that are fundamental to putting the user at the center: asking core questions; discovering new tools and new ways of thinking about users and their behaviors; and contributing to the development of processes and criteria that can help librarians make decisions about new services or technologies that go where users want to go.Originality/valueUnderscores the value of putting the user at the center, while at the same time exploring the complexity of implementation.
Instruction design collaborations with government information specialists
Authors: Downie Judith A. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to foster discussion of the role of government information librarians in the design and implementation of information literacy instruction. Increased accessibility to government information through the internet is bringing all librarians into increased contact with government information, thereby becoming ad hoc documents librarians. Through collaboration with experts in government information, shared knowledge results in opportunities for richer and more comprehensive information literacy instruction.Design/methodology/approachThis review examines evidence of commonality and collaboration between librarians through content analysis of both general and specialized library publications.FindingsCollaboration is a common practice in library instruction to share workload and expertise, yet most literature on this practice focuses on librarian‐faculty collaborative efforts. Limited evidence exists for collaboration between librarians and a severely limited body of literature exists when examining instructional design collaboration to include government information in information literacy instruction.Practical implicationsCollaborative instruction proactively addresses resolving perceived barriers and expands instruction resource repertoires and shares workloads.Originality/valueExamination of the collaborative process between librarians is infrequent. This adds to the body of literature and increases awareness of additional resources in the provision of information literacy instruction.
International joint ventures in Russia: a recipe for success
Authors: Katsioloudes Marios I. , Isichenko Daria 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to identify success factors of oil and gas international joint ventures (IJVs) in Russia. The paper focuses on the evaluation of the factors determining the success of IJVs.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical study of 49 IJVs was completed using a core list of 31 success factors. Statistical and cluster analysis of the relative importance of the success factors was completed.FindingsThe results revealed that diverse importance values on the success factors were placed by Russian and foreign partners, suggesting that such an inconsistency could be the cause of high failure rates among IJVs.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size is restricted to only those companies with contact details published on the internet. No data were available on determination of the population size which may bring into question the generalizability of the results to a full population.Practical implicationsThis investigation can be useful to managers, both Russian and foreign. It provides them with general indications about the most important aspects and determinants of successful energy agreements, which they can apply and tailor to their specific situations and when seeking to make agreements for IJVs in Russia.Originality/valueThe value of this research is the grouping of success factors into clusters, thus replicating and at the same time confirming previous research findings.
Project management tools and techniques in high‐technology SMEs
Authors: Murphy Alan , Ledwith Ann 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the use of project management practices in small high‐technology firms and to identify what contributes to project success.Design/methodology/approachThe results presented in this paper are based on a survey of Irish high‐technology small‐to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). A questionnaire was distributed to over 200 organisations via e‐mail and a response rate of 20 per cent was achieved.FindingsResults suggest that the existence of a project manager and the use of project planning significantly contribute to project success. Control for projects resides primarily with owner‐managers and achieving quality standards is a significant success criterion. Additionally, having clear goals/objectives and top management support are identified as the most important success factors in the firms surveyed.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper presents the findings of an initial investigation into the management of projects within SMEs. The study has been limited by the number of respondents and also by the use of a survey as a research instrument. Further research to develop a deeper understanding of how projects are managed in SMEs and how project success can be improved would require a more varied research methodology.Practical implicationsFindings suggest that project management tools and techniques are being used to a limited extent by high‐technology SMEs. Analysis suggests that the employment of a project manager and the implementation of project planning techniques are likely to contribute to the overall success of projects. SMEs also strongly believe that past experiences are a vital factor in implementing effective management procedures and determining future success.Originality/valueWhile most research into the use of project management has concentrated on practices within large firms, there has been a lack of investigation into project management in small firms as addressed by this paper.
Libraries and librarians – what next?
Authors: Cheong Choy Fatt 
Published: February 2007

PurposeAs Singapore librarians celebrate the culmination of the landmark Library 2000 Plan, it is also an appropriate time to look at what lies ahead for the profession. The purpose of this paper is to provide an edited version of an article originally delivered at the conference “Celebrating Knowledge: The Power and Potential – 13‐15 December 2005” organized by the Singapore National Library Board in conjunction with the opening of the new National Library Building.Design/methodology/approachUsing a basic model of a library, one that comprises three components – the collection, value added work on the collection, and services that help users exploit and use the collection – the paper discusses each component in light of current technological developments and learning trends to draw conclusions on the relevance of libraries in the near future.FindingsIt is argued that libraries and librarians will continue to play critical roles as the need for the effective preservation and transmission of knowledge in society still remains. As many of these critical roles rely on libraries as permanent institutions, librarians must continue to make significant contributions through their work in institutions such as libraries.Originality/valueThe article provides a useful springboard to discuss, identify and elaborate on the roles of libraries and librarians in the near future.
Evaluation of library services delivery in Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago‐Iwoye, Nigeria
Authors: Bamigboye O.B. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an evaluation of library services delivery in Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago‐Iwoye. Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachA total of 400 questionnaires were administered to respondents, of which 387 (96.75 percent) were returned and used for this study.FindingsThe results of the study indicated that the users' demands of library service represent a wide range of aspects, including the availability of conventional books and periodicals, a good reference function, and access to internet facilities, which are considered an important library function by many of the respondents.Originality/valueThe paper presents recommendations aimed at improving services delivery.
ISO 9000: integration rationales and organizational impacts
Authors: Boiral Olivier , Roy Marie‐Josée 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the results of an empirical study of the impact of motivational factors underlying ISO 9000 certification on several aspects of organizational performance.Design/methodology/approachAn extension of a typology based on motivational factors is proposed and four integration rationales (quality enthusiasts, ISO integrators, ritual integrators, and dissidents) are exposed. The paper then evaluates how each of these four rationales related to potential organizational problems and benefits. Various statistical analyses were conducted on data obtained from a sample of 872 certified Canadian firms. A factor analysis was completed to develop an instrument allowing to develop a typology distinguishing between the four integration rationales.FindingsThe results demonstrate that the nature and intensity of motivations behind a decision to adopt the ISO 9000 standard play a key role in the success of the implementation process and the emergence of organizational problems arising from certification.Research limitations/implicationsThe main contribution of the study was to develop a typology of certified organizations based on a theoretical framework explaining some paradoxes and pervasive effects of ISO 9000 adoption.Practical implicationsThe typology helps characterize certified firms and anticipate potential consequences ancillary to the certification process; it can assist firms in evaluating whether they should go forward with the certification process.Originality/valueContrary to many studies focusing on traditional performance criteria only, this study sheds light on organizational problems and the possible ineffectiveness of ISO 9000 certification depending on their integration rationale. This approach led to a more comprehensive and tempered vision of ISO 9000 impacts.
Machine tools become much more than just a lathe or milling machine
Authors: Bloss Richard 
Published: February 2007

PurposeTo review the International Manufacturing Technology Show in Chicago with emphasis on innovations in applying automation to manufacturing and assembly.Design/methodology/approachIn‐depth interviews with exhibitors of automated assembly and manufacturing technology.FindingsBuilding of production machinery is moving toward offering automated assembly or production cells and away from building single purpose equipment. Robots are married to machine tools for much more than just tending.Practical implicationsUsers in almost any manufacturing realm will find that automated assembly technologies are now addressing all types of production requirements. No longer is it necessary to think only million off part runs can be produced in an automated manner. Machine tool builders are including testing, finishing, marking, assembly and other secondary operations within the basic machining unit for a wide range of production volumes.Originality/valueIllustrates that automation can even be applied to “made to order” type production.
The cost of flexibility
Authors: Van Biesebroeck Johannes 
Published: February 2007

PurposeIn the automobile industry, the variety of vehicles produced continues to increase. At the same time, historically firms have incurred a sizeable productivity penalty for producing more variety in their plants. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question: what actions have firms taken to control this productivity penalty and what were the costs?Design/methodology/approachEstimate a number of statistical models of the effect of variety on productivity for a sample that includes almost all assembly plants in North America from 1994 to 2004.FindingsEvidence is found for fixed costs associated with activities that are complementary to producing variety and for a trade‐off between scale economies and flexibility.Research limitations/implicationsProvides evidence that while flexibility has an advantage to cope with increasing variety, there are non‐negligible costs as well.Originality/valueA first systematic evaluation on the scale‐scope trade‐off and a quantification of the gains from production flexibility in the automotive industry.
A golf swing analysis tool from Callaway Golf
Authors: Connolly Christine 
Published: February 2007

PurposeTo describe a proprietary golf swing measurement system and explore how it works.Design/methodology/approachThe purpose of the system is described, followed by an overview of the hardware. The capabilities of the image‐processing software are examined, along with the measurements and information that it produces.FindingsShort‐duration flash illumination produces multiple images of the club head and ball in a stereo pair of cameras, enabling the computation of the trajectory in three dimensions. Callaway has invested a great deal of experimental effort in this development.Originality/valueReveals the technical foundations of a sports application, for the general interest of engineers and scientists.
Technological improvements in position sensing
Authors: Connolly Christine 
Published: February 2007

PurposeTo describe new technological approaches and improvements to existing methods of measuring position in automation, sports and general applications.Design/methodology/approachStarts with interesting applications of established sensor technology in motorsports and aircraft manufacture. Then examines some new position sensors based on novel technology.FindingsOptical techniques including lasers and linear encoding enable high precision position sensing over long distances. Laser scanning systems have some advantages over vision systems for pick and place applications. Differential global positioning system (GPS) and carrier‐wave techniques are giving millimeter accuracy to GPSs.Originality/valueHighlights the more exciting aspects of position sensing.
High‐resolution tactile sensor using the deformation of a reflection image
Authors: Saga Satoshi , Kajimoto Hiroyuki , Tachi Susumu 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to create a sensor that can measure the contact status with high‐resolution than ever.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes a new type of optical tactile sensor that can detect surface deformation with high precision by using the principle of optical lever. A tactile sensor is constructed that utilizes the resolution of a camera to the maximum by using transparent silicone rubber as a deformable mirror surface and taking advantage of the reflection image.FindingsIt has been found that the sensor can sense the deformation by the object with 1 percent error rate in simulation. In implementation of this time, the error rate results 10 percent.Research limitations/implicationsThis sensor can be used with broad applications by combining with other devices. As one of future work, the zero method will be used by using active patterns and get more accurate information.Practical implicationsUsing the transparent silicone rubbers the sensor enables very simple and low cost and high‐resolution detection method. In addition, the simplicity of our sensor results various applications. For example, the transparency makes the sensor a light pathway, so the sensor can be a contactless sensor or an interactive device.Originality/valueThe concept of a tactile sensing method is introduced which can utilize the resolution of a camera to the maximum possible extent and can detect surface deformation by using the principle of optical lever.