bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i>) as an anthelmintic in Djallonke goats
Authors: Abdul-Rahman I.I. , Asiedu N.V. , Issah B. 
Published: April 2024

An increase in the anthelmintic resistance of parasites in small ruminants and a push towards non -chemical farming necessitate the search for alternative forms of anthelmintic. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of garlic (Allium sativum) extract for controlling gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites in goats. One hundred and twenty West African Dwarf goats were involved, 60 each of young and adult goats. Three doses (2.5 ml, 5ml and 10 ml) of garlic extract, positive (albendazole) and negative (distilled water) controls were administered to equal numbers of young and adult goats. The overall infection rate of GIT parasites was 84%, and goats were equally (p>0.05) infected with strongyle spp. Eimeria spp. and tapeworm within the guinea savannah environment. Garlic extract at 5 ml and 10 ml doses were effective in reducing faecal egg counts (FECs) of strongyles spp. (p<0.05), tapeworm (p<0.05) and overall GIT parasites (p<0.05) populations. Similarly, all doses of garlic extract used were effective in reducing Eimeria spp. Garlic extract at 5 ml dose significantly (p<0.05) reduced Eimeria spp. and overall GIT parasites FEC in adult than in young goats. Garlic extract as an oral anthelmintic in goats is a viable option to commercially available chemicals, and 5 ml and 10 ml doses were effective in reducing the FECs of all the species of GIT parasites studied.
Management factors associated with the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle: A case study of small-scale farms of the Nyamagana District in Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Mramba R.P. , Mapunda P.E. 
Published: April 2024

Gastrointestinal parasites constitute a significant threat to livestock development; causing sickness and, as a result, decreased output and death. The traditional extensive communal grazing system practised by pastoralists increases exposure of cattle to the infective stages of gastrointestinal parasites. Different factors, such as geographical location, management practises, and production systems, may influence the occurrence of the parasites; thus, mitigation efforts should focus on local conditions. The aim of the study was to determine factors associated with the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle in Nyamagana district in northern Tanzania. Faecal samples were collected from 323 cattle in the study area for laboratory analysis using simple flotation and sedimentation methods. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from the farmers on their production systems and management practises. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 36.4%. The prevalence of Fasciola was 37.5%, Strongyles was 25%, Taenia was 20%, Paramphistomum was 12.5%, and Schistosoma was 5%. The likelihood of cattle being infested with gastrointestinal parasites was higher in the outdoor system of cattle production compared to the indoor system (p = 0.049) and in dirty cattle enclosures (p = 0.002). Further, the likelihood of cattle being infested with parasites was lower among native farmers compared to non-native farmers (p < 0.001), where vaccination against diseases was practised (p = 0.032), and extension services were available to the farmers (p = 0.043). To reduce the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, a combination of different strategies that focus on improving the immune system of cattle and reducing exposure to infective stages of the parasites is necessary.
Comparison of different durations of boiling and freezing on the bone traits of poultry and flexure and crush tests in bone-breaking strength analysis in broilers
Authors: Zanu H.K. , Appiah-Kubi E. , Amevor R.K. , Mensah E. , Anevu F.K. , Boateng F.O. , Tenkpa I.K. , Frimpong S.O. , Wassah E.N. , Sadat A.B. , Asun D.K. 
Published: April 2024

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of different durations of boiling and freezing on the weight and breaking strength (BS) of bones in Guinea fowls, broilers, and cockerels and compare three-point bending and crushing tests in determining the BS in broilers. In experiment 1 (Guinea fowls), experiment 2 (broilers), and experiment 3 (cockerels), 10 birds were sacrificed in each duration of the trial on d 56 post-hatch. Ten (10) tibiae and femur were boiled in experiments 1, 2, and 3 for 0, 5, 10, or 15 min. Other sets of 10 tibiae and femur were frozen for 7 days for 0, 12, 18, or 24 hrs. In experiment 4, 3-point bending and crushing tests were compared in testing the tibiae and femur BS at 28 and 56 d in broilers. In experiment 1, the tibial weight was reduced (P < 0.05) following 15 min of boiling. Increasing the boiling time beyond 5 min led to a reduction (P < 0.05) in femur weight (% body weight) in Guinea fowls. The femur weight (% body weight) and BS of Guinea fowls were only reduced (P < 0.05) when it was not frozen. In experiment 3, boiling at 5 min increased (P < 0.05) the tibial BS. In experiment 4, the tibial BS of broilers was higher (P < 0.05) under the crushing method at d 28 while femur BS was unchanged by either of the methods. The BS of both the tibia and femur were similar at d 56 regardless of the technique used. The duration of boiling or freezing as a preconditioning of bone might make a difference in BS in poultry. Also, the crushing test might serve as a potential alternative to the bending test in assessing the BS of bone in broilers. However, further studies are needed to buttress the current findings.
Nutritional evaluation and supplementation effect of bamboo leaves on intake, growth performance, and blood indices of Djallonké sheep fed <i>Cenchrus purpureus</i> and <i>Brachiaria decumbens</i> as basal diets
Authors: Antwi C. , Sasu P , Partey S. , Kwaku M. , Anim-Jnr A.S. , Frimpong Y.O. , Idan F. 
Published: April 2024

In ruminant nutrition, the persistent issue of feed scarcity especially during the dry season necessitates the exploration of diverse feeding options. This study evaluated the suitability of Oxytenanthera abyssinica (OA) and Bambusa balcooa (BB) bamboo leaves as supplements for Djallonké sheep fed Cenchrus purpureus (CP) and Brachiaria decumbens (BD) grass basal diets. Leaf ingredients were subjected to standard chemical and in vitro fermentation assessments. Furthermore, a total of 20 Djallonké ewes, initially weighing 14.3±1.17 kg, were randomly assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: CPOA (400 g CP + 200 g OA), CPBB (400 g CP + 200 g BB), BDOA (400 g BD + 200 g OA), and BDBB (400 g BD + 200 g BB). Among the leaves, OA had the highest crude protein content (124 g/kg DM), in vitro gas yield (24 ml), and fermentation rate (0.67 ml/h). The COA-supplemented sheep significantly (p < 0.05) consumed more feed (505 g/d), and gained more weight (96 g/d), with higher plasma protein levels compared to the BB supplement. The feeding of bamboo leaves, especially O. abyssinica has the potential to improve ruminant nutrition. Further research on practical applications in various ruminant systems is required.
Prevalence and associated factors of stunting and thinness among children and adolescents in Nasarawa State: comparison with World Health Organization reference
Authors: Nwankwo M. , Danborno B. , Musa S. A. , Akuyam A. S. 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Nutritional status and growth patterns are key indicators of a population's socioeconomic well-being, but data on the prevalence of undernutrition and percentile ranges for height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents in Nigeria are currently lacking. This study aimed to determine how common undernutrition is and generate reference percentile ranges for height, weight, and BMI.
METHODS: The height and weight of 1,541 boys and 1,650 girls aged 5–18 years from Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, were measured in 2018 – 2019. The LMS method was used to generate smoothed percentiles of height, weight and BMI-for-age. Classifications of nutritional status were made according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for stunting and thinness.
RESULTS: The proportions of moderately and severely stunted boys were 17.8% and 5.6%, respectively, while the proportions of moderately and severely thinned boys were 52.4% and 27.5%. In girls, moderate and severe stunting incidence was 10.9% and 3.2%, respectively, whereas moderate and severe thinness prevalence was 43.7% and 18.8%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The present study shows that undernutrition is highly prevalent among children and adolescents in Lafia, although the severity of undernutrition is higher in boys than girls. This study offers researchers in Nigeria or other low- and middle-income nations the most recent age- and sex-standardized percentiles for height, weight, and BMI of children and adolescents in Lafia that may be used for comparison.
Knowledge and practice of adults towards different weight loss methods
Authors: Aldabbagh Raghad O. , Alshorbaji Marwah A. , Alsabbagh Yahya M. 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Obesity has become a major public health issue worldwide. This study assessed knowledge and practices regarding various pharmacological and non-pharmacological weight loss approaches among 393 adults in Iraq.
METHODS: A questionnaire captured data on weight methods used, knowledge of treatable conditions, adverse effects, safety, efficacy, and challenges with long-term adherence.
RESULTS: Most participants were obese (64%), female (68%) with mainly being young age groups (18-29) and they were aware (93%) about their weight. Most participants were actively trying methods like fasting/intermittent fasting (20-26%), low-carbohydrates (36%), and exercise to lose weight (39%), driven by health and aesthetic concerns. Understanding of obesity-related diseases, reversible side effects, and medical supervision needs was reasonable. However, crucial knowledge gaps existed regarding nutritional adequacy and unrealistic expectations of sustained weight loss without professional support. The most well-known approaches were intermittent fasting (20-26%), reduced carbohydrate intake (36%) and increased exercise (38.9%). Key information sources were the internet (70%), nutrition specialists (33%), and family/friends (28-29%), rather than formal healthcare providers. Around 60% correctly identified weight reduction and comorbidity prevention as the main goals, though 15% wrongly assumed blood sugar control in non-diabetics.
CONCLUSION: These participants were highly concerned about their weight with minimal knowledge and themselves trying different methods to minimise the health impact of obesity; mainly fasting and exercise and participants confirmed that these are safer than other options.
QR code: history and modernity, opportunities for teaching students and cadets at classical and departmental universities
Authors: Голубев О.Б. , Бабкин А.А. , Карабанов Р.М. 
Published: April 2024

В статье раскрываются исторические аспекты появления QR- кода, а также возможности его применения в учебном процессе в классическом и ведомственном вузах. Авторы статьи исследуют дидактический потенциал QR- кода и показывают, что матричный код может являться эффективным инструментом для проектирования интерактивной образовательной среды современного вуза. Рассматриваются различные методические подходы и возможности использования QR-кодов в преподавании учебных дисциплин в классическом и ведомственном вузах.
The article reveals historical aspects of the appearance of the QR code, as well as the possibilities of its application in the educational process at classical and departmental universities. The authors of the article study didactic capacities of the QR code and show that the matrix code can be an effective tool for designing an interactive educational environment of a modern university. Various methodological approaches and the possibilities of using QR codes in teaching academic subjects at classical and departmental universities of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia are considered.
Some methodological aspects in training specialists for criminal enforcement inspections at educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Authors: Тарабуев Л.Н. , Красоткин П.Н. 
Published: April 2024

В статье рассматриваются результаты исследования по использованию технических средств при преподавании некоторых дисциплин ведомственной направленности и их влияние на формирование профессиональных компетенций. Отмечаются преимущества методики, соответствующей потребностям практики. Обосновывается необходимость проведения учебных занятий в предлагаемом авторами формате.
The article considers results of the study on the use of technical means in teaching some departmental disciplines and their impact on the formation of professional competencies. Advantages of the methodology that meets the needs of practice are noted. The necessity of conducting training sessions in the way the authors propose is substantiated.
Value orientations of the physical culture and sports development of Russian society: socio-philosophical analysis
Authors: Осминкин В.И. 
Published: April 2024

В статье рассматривается феномен спорта в нашей стране, который требует философского осмысления. В сложных исторических реалиях XX в. отечественный спорт не только смог утвердиться, но и развился до такой степени, что советские спортсмены стали известны во всем мире, а интерес к физкультурно-спортивному движению стал массовой потребностью. Такой небывалый рост внимания к спорту не мог произойти без внутреннего толчка – ценностных установок и ориентиров, одним из которых стала особенность миропонимания соотечественников – героический характер, являющийся основой модального типа личности, социума. Ценностный ориентир на героизацию спорта, сложившийся в России, является залогом успеха современной спортивной деятельности
The article considers the phenomenon of sports in our country, which causes admiration, surprise, and also requires philosophical reflection. In the difficult historical realities of the 20th century, domestic developed to such an extent that Soviet athletes became famous all over the world, and the society became interested in the physical culture and sports movement. Such an unprecedented increase in attention to sports could not happen without an internal push – values and guidelines, one of which was the specifics of compatriots’ worldview – the heroic character, which is the basis of the modal type of personality, society. The value orientation towards glorification of sports, associated with its manifestation in the history and culture of the country, which has developed in the fate of Russia, is organically suitable for the formation of modern sports activities and is crucial for its success
Optimization of Energy and Spectrum Sensing Using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
Authors: Dr. Raghavendra Y M  , Dr. Asha.M  , Dr. Manjula.G  , Dr. Latha.M  , SwaranaLakshmi  , Harshitha.R  
Published: April 2024

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) has emerged as a cornerstone technology in modern wireless communication systems due to its ability to efficiently utilize spectrum resources. However, the dynamic nature of wireless environments demands robust spectrum sensing techniques to ensure efficient spectrum utilization and mitigate interference. The fundamentals of OFDMA and its significance in contemporary wireless network is initially discussed by offering high spectral efficiency, flexibility, and support for diverse services, making it a fundamental technology in standards such as LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and Wi-Fi. Its significance is expected to grow further with the deployment of 5G and beyond. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of Optimized energy detection-based spectrum sensing in OFDMA systems. Evaluated the system performance through simulation by considering parameters such as energy consumption, detection accuracy, and spectral efficiency. Finally, we provide insights into future research directions and emerging trends in spectrum sensing optimization for OFDMA systems, including cognitive radio networks, dynamic spectrum access, and fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks.
Coagulopathy parameters in symptomatic and asymptomatic Pregnant Women with COVID-19
Authors: Pelin Ana-Maria , Maftei Nicoleta Maricica , Georgescu Costinela , Roşca Ștefan , Roşca Ramona Oana , Pelin Ioana , Ștefanescu Cristina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine if the physiological hypercoagulability during pregnancy is compounded by SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced coagulability.
Patients and methods: We retrospectively analysed (October 2020 and August 2021) modifications of the coagulation parameters recommended by the ISTH (International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis) (fibrinogen, APTT, PT, INR, D-dimers complete blood count) in 96 pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Results: Our results indicated that none patients had severe evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and did not require transfer to the ICU. We also monitored the variation of such parameters, depending on subsequent SARS-CoV-2 PCR screening tests. We established that the laboratory parameters used to assess the coagulability are directly correlated with positive SARS-CoV-2 tests, and pregnancy represents a condition that is likely to increase the risk of embolisms in pregnant patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, compared with the general population. No cases of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were observed in the neonates.
Conclusion: Knowledge of laboratory modifications with prognostic utility in relation to coagulation may be extremely valuable in the management of pregnant women with COVID-19. A better understanding of coagulopathy caused by COVID-19 would also be helpful to guide treatment recommendations for pregnant women. Pregnancy may also be an additional risk factor for coagulopathy in women infected with SARS-CoV-2 in both symptomatic and asymptomatic positive pregnant women.
Pengaruh Kesadaran Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Bagi Pegawai Tetap
Authors: Ika Saputri Melita , Chotidjah Suhatmi Erna 
Published: April 2024

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kesadaran wajib pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak di masa pendemi Covid-19.Data penelitian diperoleh dari survei kuisioner secara online dari responden yaitu Pegawai PT. Intrafood Singabera Indonesia.Kuisioner distribusikan kepada 10 responden berdasarkan random sampling, namun yang dapat digunakan selanjutnya dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 8 observasi.Kuisioner didistribusikan 5 Juli 2022 sampai 10 Juli 2022 secara online.Pengujian data penelitian ini dilakukan dengan analisis regresi linier berganda.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kesadaran wajib pajak berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak.Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa Otoritas Pajak Indonesia perlu memperhatikan perilaku wajib pajak pribadi tertentu dalam rangka ekstensifikasi peningkatan penerimaan negara.
Pengaruh Social Media Marketing, Citra Merek Dan Word Of Mouth Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada Produk Kecantikan Somethinc
Authors: Rachman Haryadi Ari , Gunaningrat Rayhan , Suyatno Agus 
Published: April 2024

Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel Social Media Marketing (X1) Citra Merek (X2). Word Of Mouth (X3) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian "SOMETHINC" (Y) Pada penelitian ini, ukuran sampel diambil dengan menggunakan berjumlah 30 orang yang berasal dari konsumen Somethinc. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling Data diambil menggunakan kuesioner yang diukur dengan skala Likert Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan program SPSS versi 25.0 Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel Social Media Marketing (X1) Citra Merek (X2). Word Of Mouth (X3) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian "SOMETHINC" berpengaruh dan positif.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda, From Selected Regions in Kenya.
Authors: Muthuku Bernard M , Kinyua Johnson , Kimani Josephine 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study was done in Kenya for the purpose of confirmation and tentative identification of fall armyworm to help in proper monitoring and effective management of the pest. To achieve this, the study was organized in order to characterize Spodoptera frugiperda (fall army worm) found in Kenya using morphological and molecular techniques and determine prevalent strain of Spodoptera frugiperda in eastern and central regions of Kenya. The study was also organized to compare the host diversity for Spodoptera frugiperda strains in eastern and central regions of Kenya.
Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in 5 regions namely; Machakos, Nyeri, Murang’a, Embu and Kiambu. Sampling of sub counties was done followed by random choice of at least 2 villages and eventually reaching the actual households. Questionnaires were used to interrogate farmers about their knowledge on fall armyworm and seeking permission to check and pick the fall armyworm from their farms. Samples of moths and larvae were obtained. The pest was identified morphologically in the field before being taken to the lab for DNA was extraction and COI gene amplification. The amplified DNA was shipped to Macrogen, Netherlands for sequencing.
Findings: This study confirmed actual establishment of Spodoptera frugiperda in eastern and central Kenya using COI gene amplification and analysis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of both the “Rice” and “Corn” strains. Results indicated higher prevalence of the Rice strain at 77.8% while that of Corn strain was 22.2%. Investigation of the host plants for the fall armyworm gave no evidence of plant host specificity for R- strain since it was also found in Zea mays (maize). Only two plants species, maize and sorghum, were found to host Spodoptera frugiperda in the study region, with a higher preference towards the maize crop.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The findings of morphological and molecular characterization together with phylogenetic studies confirms presence of rice and corn strains of Spodoptera frugiperda in Kenya. The pest was recorded mainly in maize and sorghum crop and due to its host range in its native Western Hemisphere and migration ability it may spread to other crops like millet, rice, cotton, vegetables etc. Host status should be continuously investigated. It was also found that Spodoptera frugiperda has established itself in central and eastern regions of Kenya meaning that permanent solution to control its effects have to be developed.