bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of antioxidant‐enriched foods on plasma Coenzyme Q10 and total antioxidant capacity
Authors: Arsenio Leone , Caronna Silvana , Dall'Aglio Elisabetta , Frega Natale G. , Pacetti Deborah , Boselli Emanuele , Tiano Luca , Principi Federica , Littarru Gian Paolo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTwenty healthy subjects integrated their diet with two types of products sequentially: In the first phase (first 14 days), the volunteers were given the following food items not supplemented with vitamin E (vit. E) or Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): breakfast, 250 mL skimmed milk; mid‐morning snack, 330 mL fruit juice; mid‐afternoon snack, low‐fat yogurt 125 g; after dinner, low‐fat dessert 110 g. In the second phase, from day 14 to day 35, the same items were added with vit. E and CoQ10 (a total daily supplementation of 19.4 mg CoQ10 and 13.7 mg vit.E). After taking the supplemented products for 2 weeks, plasma CoQ10 reached 1.30 µg/mL, nearly twice the initial values. These levels further increased after 3 weeks of supplementation. Vit. E levels significantly (p <0.001) increased only after 3 weeks of supplementation, reaching 7.9 ± 2.8 µg/mL, 39% more than the initial value. The total plasma fatty acid pattern did not change substantially throughout the study. The increase of the total antioxidant capacity of plasma was significant (p <0.001) for days 28 and 35, with values close to 0.24 ± 0.09 mM Trolox (a nearly 60% increase).
Transformation of gem‐Dicyanoethenes by Samarium: Direct Formation of Indenes or Direct Decyanation with in Situ Disilylation
Authors: Liu Yongjun , Zhang Fuqiang , Qi Yan , Zhang Yongmin , Zhang Shusheng 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIntramolecular cyclization of 1,1‐diaryl‐2,2‐dicyanoethenes promoted by samarium metal in DMF in the presence of TMSCl allowed direct construction of the indene core, whereas 1‐alkyl‐1‐aryl‐2,2‐dicyanoethenes underwent intermolecular coupling cyclization and decyanation under the same conditions. Simultaneously, disilylation occurred at the amino moiety resulting from the reduction of the cyano group. However, only simple reduction of the C=C bonds is observed when a trace amount of water presented.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Open Problems in Chemical Topology (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 30/2008)
Authors: Fenlon Edward E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe cover picture shows a scheme depicting the open problem of the lower size limit for molecular knots. It also shows enantiomorphous conformations of a topological rubber glove – the colored figure eight knot. It is unknown whether the enantiomerization barrier for a topological rubber glove can be measured. A polyethylene trefoil knot, a trefoil rotaxaknot, and a Whitehead link are also shown. The syntheses of these topologically interesting compounds remain open problems. Details are presented in the Microreview by E. E. Fenlon on p. 5023 ff. The photograph of the rubber gloves was taken by Ethan S. Fenlon. Matt Watson is thanked for helping with the graphic of the polyethylene knot.
Run Out of Landslides – Continuum Mechanics versus Discontinuum Mechanics Models
Authors: Poisel Rainer , Preh Alexander , Hungr Oldrich 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn general, a rock slope failure leads to the detachment of a rock mass consisting of a mass of blocks. During the last few years continuum mechanics as well as discontinuum mechanics numerical codes have been developed for modelling the run out of these masses. In order to compare both methods, Punta Thurwieser Rock Avalanche and Frank Slide were modelled by the continuum mechanics numerical code DAN3D as well as by the distinct element method PFC3D modified for run out modelling. The simulations showed that the parameters necessary to get results coinciding with observations in nature are completely different and that Frank run out was a real “slide” of a coherent mass, whereas Punta Thurwieser run out was a rock mass fall with much internal movement. The parameters for a run out simulation, therefore, have to be chosen in such a way that the simulation gives a rock mass fall in one particular case and a slide of a coherent mass in another, corresponding to the real conditions. Therefore, the prediction of the run out kinematics and the fixing of the parameters is a demanding task in each case when modelling run outs.
Recent Developments in Rock Mechanics as Applied to Earthquake Dynamics
Authors: Uenishi Koji , Sakurai Shunsuke 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis contribution summarizes some new findings related to the applied study of rock‐ and geomechanics in the field of engineering seismology. Our interest here is especially devoted to the influence of high‐frequency seismic waves on the damage of underground structures, which are considered to be earthquake‐resistant: On the occasion of the 1995 Hyogo‐ken Nanbu (Kobe) and the 2004 Niigata‐ken Chuetsu, Japan, earthquakes, unique and previously unrecognised damage to the underground structures was found both at depth and near the surface. Two‐dimensional elastodynamic analyses “inversely” show that the observed damage patterns were induced most likely by the dynamic interaction of vertical (longitudinal) oscillations of relatively high frequencies with the tunnels. The results also suggest that, contrary to the structures on the surface, underground structures subjected to dynamic waves vibrate with their surroundings and they are expected to function as sensors that respond only to waves of specific characters.
Russia Wharf Tunnelling Project
Authors: Skalla Gerald M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe Silver Line Phase II in Boston, USA, (Logan Airport to South Station) includes the crossing of the Russia Wharf, a 100 year old, three building complex, each seven stories high. The first use of ground freezing and NATM in the US enabled these office buildings to stay fully operational and minimized the impacts on the tenants and these old structures while tunnelling underneath. Mitigation of settlements included temporary and permanent underpinning, raising and lowering of building columns and facades and the use of ground freezing which also created stable face conditions for the NATM mining operation only a few feet below surface.
Statentunnel in Rotterdam – Ausführungserfahrungen von Vereisungsbohrungen und der Vereisung von Querschlägen
Authors: Wenke Markus , Willner Michael 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDer Statentunnel, erbaut im Auftrag der Rotterdams Electrische Tram, stellt für den Großraum Rotterdam eine deutliche Infrastrukturverbesserung für Pendler aus dem Umland dar. Die schwierigen geologischen Verhältnisse und die Querung von Hauptverkehrswegen in einem stark bebauten Gebiet erfordern Vereisungsmaßnahmen für die Herstellung von fünf Querschlägen, die zwei benachbarte mit einer TBM aufgefahrene Tunnelröhren verbinden. Die Herstellung der Vereisungsbohrungen unter engen Platzverhältnissen und eine Reihe zusätzlicher logistischer Randbedingungen erforderten ein hohes Maß an vorausschauender Planung. Darüber hinaus waren die Vermessung und die sorgfältige Ausführung zur Erreichung der geforderten Lagegenauigkeit der Vereisungsbohrungen wesentlich für die erfolgreiche Abwicklung des Projekts. Die mit einer Solelösung aus CaCl2 durchgeführte Baugrundvereisung erlaubte das Auffahren der Querschläge in Abschnitten mittels NÖT und nach der Ausführung von Abdichtungsmaßnahmen mit PVC Folien den Einbau der Betoninnenschale.
Design and Construction of the Venaus Powerhouse Cavern in Calcschists
Authors: Barla Giovanni , Fava Adriano Ruggero , Peri Guido 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the design and observed performance during construction, associated with staged excavation and support requirements of the Venaus powerhouse cavern, a component of the Pont Ventoux‐Susa hydroelectric scheme (in Northern Italy, near the city of Torino), which has been recently put into operation. This cavern, with a maximum height of 49 m, a length of 50 m, and a span of some 23 m, has been excavated in calcschists at a depth of 250 m below surface. Rock reinforcement consisted essentially of 9 to 15 m long primary rock anchors, for long term support, and 6 m long secondary rock dowels, together with a 25 cm thick reinforced shotcrete lining. Following comprehensive geological and geomechanical investigations with laboratory and in situ testing, design analyses have been performed by numerical modelling with both continuum and discontinuum methods. On the basis of the observed performance during early excavation of the upper cross section of the cavern, a discontinuum model, calibrated by back analysis procedures, was used for predicting the overall excavation stability. It is noteworthy that the design concepts adopted allowed this large cavern to be excavated and stabilized without the use of a cast‐in‐place concrete arch for roof support.
Die Detektionseffizienz von Vorausbohrungen im Tunnelbau
Authors: Ziegler Hans‐Jakob 
Published: October 2008

AbstractVor allem im Zusammenhang mit den großen Tunnelprojekten werden Vorausbohrungen zur Erkundung des Gebirges systematisch durchgeführt. Wie die Erfahrungen vom Lötschberg‐ und Gotthard‐Basistunnel zeigen, handelt es sich dabei um ein effizientes Hilfsmittel, um “unerwünschte Ereignisse” wie Schlamm‐ und Wassereinbrüche oder das Anfahren von unerwarteten Störungszonen zu vermeiden. Nur in drei Fällen traten solche “unerwünschten Ereignisse” bisher auf der betrachteten, ausgebrochenen Tunnelstrecke von insgesamt etwa 100 km auf. Dies zeigt klar den großen Nutzen von Vorausbohrungen für die Arbeits‐ und Planungssicherheit im modernen Tunnelbau. Die vorgestellten Beispiele belegen aber auch, dass auch mit den effizientesten Vorausbohrungen die Eintretenswahrscheinlichkeit von “unerwünschten Ereignissen” nie Null sein wird.
Theoretical and Applied Case Studies of Seismic Imaging in Tunnelling
Authors: Dickmann Thomas 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSeismic measurements during tunnel operations aim at images of maximum spatial resolution. However, there are still principal limitations of the method applied in the tunnel with regard to spatial resolution by the signal frequency and attenuation and by the small angular illumination coverage. A finite‐difference simulation of elastic wave propagation had been performed to compute a synthetic tunnel seismic reflection survey. Synthetic data are used optimizing the best practice tunnel data processing sequence for both P‐ and S‐waves because every step between the acquisition of the seismic data and the derivation of the final image influences the final seismic resolution. Here, especially the use of attenuation models compensate amplitude loss as well as dispersion by an inverse Q‐filtering and the use of a spatially variable velocity model yielding the right image position of a reflecting geological element in space. The transfer and capability of this practice to real tunnel application is finally demonstrated by the case study of the tunnel seismic prediction method in the Koralm tunnel project in Austria.
Geophysikalische Vorauserkundung von Verkarstungs‐ und Störungszonen bei der TVM‐Auffahrung des Katzenbergtunnels
Authors: Richter Thomas , Boll Samuel , Weh Markus 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDie maschinelle Auffahrung des Katzenbergtunnels (Deutschland) erforderte in beiden Röhren die Durchörterung eines etwa 520 m langen Gebirgsabschnitts im stark verkarstungsanfälligen Gestein des jurassischen Oxfordkalks (Weißjura). Die Erkennung von größeren offenen oder verfüllten Hohlräumen war für den Vortrieb und ist insbesondere für den späteren Betrieb des Tunnels eine entscheidende Voraussetzung. Die modernen Verfahren der Bohrloch‐Radar‐Technologie sind geeignet, Verkarstungs‐ und Störungszonen im Tunnelvorfeld zu lokalisieren. Diese neue Technologie wurde ergänzend zur Sondierung mittels Bohrungen erstmalig bei einem maschinellen Vortrieb eingesetzt. Die in der Regel steilstehenden, N‐S‐streichenden und korrosiv aufgeweiteten Karststrukturen konnten geophysikalisch mehrheitlich geortet, in ihrer Lage und Orientierung im Vollraum prognostiziert und anhand des Vergleichs mit den geologischen Ortsbrustkartierungen überprüft werden. Aus der Gegenüberstellung, Bewertung und Wichtung von angetroffenen und prognostizierten Strukturen konnten mittels Extrapolation dieser Ergebnisse verbesserte Aussagen zum Tunnelumfeld und zur Tunnelbettung gemacht werden. Der Artikel erläutert Einsatzmöglichkeiten, Nachweisgrenzen, Auflösung und Einsatzspektrum der Bohrloch‐Radar‐Technologie am Beispiel der abgeschlossenen Vorauserkundung im Katzenbergtunnel.
Exploration Ahead of a Tunnel Face by TSWD – Tunnel Seismic While Drilling
Authors: Brückl Ewald , Chwatal Werner , Mertl Stefan , Radinger Alexander 
Published: October 2008

AbstractGeological and geophysical investigations, as well as drilling have brought the quality of geotechnical prognosis for tunnels to a high standard. However, the remaining risk during tunnel construction is still considerable, especially in case of construction by a tunnel boring machine (TBM). Seismic imaging of faults and other geological features affecting the construction ahead of a tunnel face can supply valuable information to reduce this risk. These methods are based on Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) locating sources and receivers in the tunnel and generating seismic waves by small blasts or mechanical devices. A fundamental problem in the application of this method is that reflectors (fault zones, petrologic boundaries, or similar) are imaged at their intersection with the tunnel axis only in case they are orthogonal to this axis. Reflectors oriented obliquely to the tunnel axis may be imaged perfectly. However, they must be extrapolated to their intersection with the tunnel axis, thus imposing major uncertainties on prediction.Therefore it was decided to concentrate on Tunnel Seismic While Drilling (TSWD), an alternative method, which uses the vibrations produced by the cutting head of the TBM as seismic source. Continuous monitoring is possible by this method and the above mentioned problem may be overcome. Conventional seismic traces are extracted from the recordings by the use of a pilot signal recorded near the cutting head of the TBM. First results from a pilot study accompanying the construction of a gallery in the Gesäuse mountain range, Styria, Austria are presented. The bandwidth of the seismic signals is >200 Hz, a high signal to noise ratio is achieved, and excellent conventional seismic traces are extracted. Thus the most important component of the whole method has been realised successfully. Additional aspects of the method are discussed and an outlook to the continuation of the pilot study is given.
Technische Möglichkeiten und praktische Erfahrungen für tiefe Erkundungsbohrungen im Tunnelbau
Authors: Kogler Kurt 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTiefe Erkundungsbohrungen sind Grundlage und Voraussetzung für die Planung und Ausführung von großen Tunnelprojekten. Dabei spielen die Auswahl der Erkundungsmethode und der Einsatz der dazu erforderlichen Gerätschaften eine wesentliche Rolle. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Bohrmethoden zur Untergrunderkundung und berichtet über praktische Erfahrungen aus Bohrarbeiten für tiefliegende Tunnelprojekte.
Druckstollen Limberg – Bemessung, Ausführung und Erfahrung im Bau
Authors: Zenz Gerald , Wagner Erich , Larcher Markus , Stering Paul 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDer Ausbau von Hochdruckwasserkraftanlagen für den Turbinen‐ und Pumpbetrieb erfordert eine optimierte hydraulische Auslegung des Triebwasserwegs mit der Anordnung des Wasserschlosses zur Reduktion der Druckstoßbelastung. Neben den hydraulischen Anforderungen ist für die Wahl der Linienführung auf geotechnische und geohydraulische Randbedingungen besonderes Augenmerk zu legen. Zur Optimierung der Anlagenteile werden felsmechanische Großversuche kombiniert mit Laborversuchen ausgeführt. Während der Baudurchführung werden die Annahmen verifiziert. Anhand von Messergebnissen aus den Versuchen im Zug der Inbetriebnahme kann auf das mitwirkende Tragverhalten des Gebirges rückgeschlossen werden. Für das in Ausführung befindliche Pumpspeicherkraftwerk (PSW) Limberg II (Erweiterung Oberstufe KWG Kaprun) wurde eine Optimierung des Wasserschlosses durchgeführt. Dies wurde mit einer in dem Druckstollen integrierten “durchflossenen Unterkammer” sowie einem in geometrischer Verlängerung zum Schrägschacht ausgeführten Steigschacht zur Oberwasserkammer neutralisiert. Neben der hydraulischen Optimierung erfordert die konstruktive Gestaltung mit Betonauskleidung, Stahlpanzerung und einem an die geotechnischen Verhältnisse angepassten Injektionskonzept ein hohes Maß an Aufmerksamkeit der Ausführenden. Ausgehend von den hydraulischen Untersuchungen, der Bemessung und den geotechnischen Randbedingungen wird das Gesamtkonzept des Triebwasserwegs dargestellt.
Alcohol misuse, gender and depressive symptoms in community‐dwelling seniors
Authors: St. John Philip D. , Montgomery Patrick R. , Tyas Suzanne L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectivesAlcohol misuse in seniors has been studied in clinical samples and in small communities, but relatively few studies are population‐based. Objectives are: (1) to describe the characteristics of seniors who score 1 or more on the CAGE (Cut down; Annoyed; Guilty; Eye‐opener) questionnaire of alcohol problems; (2) to determine if depressive symptoms are associated with alcohol misuse after accounting for other factors.MethodsCross‐sectional study of community‐dwelling older people (65+ years) sampled from a representative population registry in Manitoba, Canada. Participants were initially interviewed in 1991–1992 and reinterviewed in 1996–1997. Data from Time 2 were used; 1,028 persons were included in the analyses. Sociodemographic characteristics, the CAGE questionnaire, Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs (IADLs), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression (CES‐D) scale and the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) were assessed by trained interviewers.ResultsMales were more likely to score positive on the CAGE questionnaire. After adjusting for gender, age, and education, there was a strong association between depressive symptoms and alcohol misuse. Poor self‐rated health and impairments in IADLs were also associated with alcohol misuse.ConclusionsMale gender, depressive symptoms, and poor functional status were associated with alcohol misuse in this population‐based study. Attention to depressive symptoms and functional status may be important in the care of seniors with alcohol misuse. Alternatively, physicians should enquire about alcohol use in seniors with functional impairment or depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors controlling the acid‐neutralizing capacity of Japanese cedar forest watersheds in stands of various ages and topographic characteristics
Authors: Fukushima Keitaro , Tokuchi Naoko 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAcid‐neutralizing capacity (ANC) is an important index for streamwater acidification caused by external factors (i.e. chronic acid deposition) and internal factors such as soil acidification due to nitrification. In this study, the influence of forest clear‐cutting and subsequent regrowth on internal acidification was investigated in central Japan, where stream pH (near 7·0) and ANC (above 0·1 meq L−1) are high. pH, the concentrations of major cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+), major anions (NO3−, Cl− and SO42−) and dissolved silica (Si), and ANC were measured in 33 watersheds of various stand ages, during 2002 to 2004. Only NO3− concentration decreased with stand age, whereas pH, ANC, and concentrations of the sum of base cations (BC) and Si were negatively correlated with the minimum elevation of the watershed. The correlation between the BC/Si ratio and minimum elevation suggested that factors contributing to acid neutralization changed at 1100 m above sea level. In watersheds at lower elevations (⩽1100 m), the relatively high contribution of soil water with longer soil contact times should result in higher ANC, and cation exchange reactions should be the dominant process for acid neutralization due to deposition of colluvial soils on the lower slope. In contrast, in higher‐elevation watersheds (≥1100 m), weathered residual soils are thin and the small contribution of deeper groundwater results in lower ANC. These results suggest that the local acid sensitivity is determined by the hydrological and geomorphologic factors generated by steep topography. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Murine pneumotropic virus chimeric Her2/neu virus‐like particles as prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against Her2/neu expressing tumors
Authors: Andreasson Kalle , Tegerstedt Karin , Eriksson Mathilda , Curcio Claudia , Cavallo Federica , Forni Guido , Dalianis Tina , Ramqvist Torbjörn 
Published: October 2008

AbstractVirus‐like particles (VLPs) have increasingly attracted attention as DNA‐free and safe antigen carriers in tumor immunotherapy, requiring only minute amounts of antigens. Previously, we have immunized with murine polyomavirus (MPyV) VLPs carrying human Her2/neu and prevented the outgrowth of a human Her2/neu expressing tumor in a transplantable tumor model as well as outgrowth of spontaneous rat Her2/neu carcinomas in BALB‐neuT mice. Here, we examine if prophylactic and therapeutic protection could be obtained with murine pneumotropic virus (MPtV) VLPs, and study the cross‐reactivity between human and rat Her2/neu. VLPs from MPyV and MPtV carrying human or rat Her2/neu were tested in two transplantable tumor models against a human Her2/neu positive (D2F2/E2) and a rat Her2/neu positive tumor cell line (TUBO). Rat Her2/neu‐VLPs were also tested in BALB‐neuT mice. Her2/neu‐MPtVLPs were as efficient as prophylactic vaccines against D2F2/E2 and TUBO as those from MPyV. Homologous Her2/neu was better than heterologous, i.e. human Her2/neu‐VLPs were better than rat Her2/neu‐VLPs against D2F2/E2 and vice versa. Moreover, therapeutic immunization with human Her2/neu‐VLPs together with CpG given up to 6 days after challenge protected against D2F2/E2. In BALB‐neuT mice, rat Her2/neu‐VLPs were less efficient than human Her2/neu‐VLPs used in our previous study, implying that protection seen in that study was partly due to the use of human rather than rat Her2/neu. In conclusion, Her2/neu‐MPtVLPs are effective both as prophylactic and therapeutic tumor vaccines. Homologous Her2/neu‐VLPs are superior to heterologous in transplantable tumor models, while the opposite is true in BALB‐neuT mice. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrogels used for cell‐based drug delivery
Authors: Schmidt John J. , Rowley Jon , Kong Hyun Joon 
Published: October 2008

AbstractStem cells, progenitor cells, and lineage‐committed cells are being considered as a new generation of drug depots for the sustained release of therapeutic biomolecules. Hydrogels are often used in conjunction with the therapeutic secreting cells to provide a physical barrier to protect the cells from hostile extrinsic factors. Although the hydrogels significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy of transplanted cells, there have been no successful products commercialized based on these technologies. Recently, biomaterials are increasingly designed to provide cells with both a physical barrier and an extracellular matrix to further improve the secretion of therapeutic proteins from cells. This review will discuss (1) the cell encapsulation process, (2) the immunogenicity of the encapsulating hydrogel, (3) the transport properties of the hydrogel, (4) the hydrogel mechanical properties, and will propose new strategies to improve the hydrogel and cell interaction for successful cell‐based drug delivery strategies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008