bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of nanoporous poly(methyl silsesquioxane) thin films using adamantane for low‐k application
Authors: Cha B. J. , Yang J. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNanoporous poly(methyl silsesquioxane) PMSSQ thin films for low‐k application have been prepared using chemically attached adamantylphenols as pore generating materials (porogen). To obtain the mechanically stable porous structure, multifunctional 1,2‐bistrimethoxysilylethane (BTMSE) was employed in addition to methyltrimethoxysilane as a main matrix material. From the decomposition of porogen, confirmed by FTIR and TGA, the nanoporous thin films containing pores less than 5 nm, which are characterized using sorption analysis, were successfully achieved. The dielectric constant was significantly decreased to 1.9, while maintaining the stable mechanical properties with the elastic modulus of 3.7 GPa measured by a nanoindenter. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Effect of novel benzoxazine reactive diluent on processability and thermomechanical characteristics of bi‐functional polybenzoxazine
Authors: Jubsilp Chanchira , Takeichi Tsutomu , Rimdusit Sarawut 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEffects of a monofunctional benzoxazine diluent (Ph‐a) on properties of a bifunctional benzoxazine resin (BA‐a) have been investigated. The BA‐a/Ph‐a mixtures are miscible in nature rendering the properties highly dependent on their compositions. The viscosity of the BA‐a resin can be reduced to one third using only about 10% by weight the Ph‐a diluent. The addition of the Ph‐a resin into the BA‐a resin can also lower the liquefying temperature of the resin mixtures whereas the gel point is marginally decreased. The gel point, which depends on the BA‐a/Ph‐a mixtures and the cure temperature, was determined by the frequency independence of loss tangent in the vicinity of the sol‐gel transition. The relaxation exponent values of the copolymer were found to be 0.24–0.55, which is dependent on the cure temperature. Gel time of the BA‐a/Ph‐a systems decreases with increasing temperature according to an Arrhenius relation with activation energy of 60.6 ± 1.5 kJ/mol. Flexural moduli of the BA‐a/Ph‐a polymers also increase with the Ph‐a mass fraction, however, with the sacrifice of their flexural strength and glass‐transition temperature. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Pull‐up/pull‐down corrections for ground‐penetrating radar data
Authors: Leckebusch Jürg 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGround‐penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the best methods for detailed and high precision three‐dimensional imaging of the subsoil. A range of specific processing steps are available to correct the geometrical distortion of the georadar data. Nevertheless it is not yet possible to correct for pull‐up/pull‐down effects due to chances of velocity in target features. Unfortunately these effects can easily change the lower boundary of a structure by more than 30% of the preserved height. Hence pull‐up/pull‐down is one of the most important geometrical distortions in archaeological prospection. After a detailed three‐dimensional interpretation of the data cube, the calculation of an individual correction becomes possible and can be applied to each structure separately. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interleukin‐4 regulates proteoglycan‐induced arthritis by specifically suppressing the innate immune response
Authors: Cao Yanxia , Brombacher Frank , Tunyogi‐Csapo Miklos , Glant Tibor T. , Finnegan Alison 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveInterleukin‐4 (IL‐4) is an antiinflammatory cytokine that inhibits the onset and severity of proteoglycan‐induced arthritis (PGIA). To distinguish the role of IL‐4 in the innate immune response versus the adaptive immune response, we generated mice with a specific deletion of the IL‐4 receptor α‐chain (IL‐4Rα) in macrophages and neutrophils.MethodsTo obtain mice in which IL‐4Rα is deleted in macrophages and neutrophils, we intercrossed mice carrying a loxP‐flanked (floxed) IL‐4Rα allele and Cre recombinase expressed under control of the regulatory region for the lysozyme M gene (LysMcre mice) with conditional IL‐4Rαflox/flox mice and then mated them to complete IL‐4Rα−/− mice to obtain hemizygous LysMcreIL‐4Rαflox/− mice. LysMcre‐negative IL‐4Rαflox/− mice (IL‐4Rαflox/− mice) were used as control mice. PGIA was induced by immunization with human PG in adjuvant. The onset, incidence, and severity of arthritis were monitored over time. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured in the sera of PG‐immunized mice, and cytokine and chemokine transcripts were measured in joints.ResultsThe severity of PGIA was exacerbated in IL‐4Rα−/− and LysMcreIL‐4Rαflox/− mice in comparison with control (IL‐4Rαflox/−) mice. The increase in arthritis susceptibility in IL‐4Rα−/− and LysMcreIL‐4Rαflox/− mice correlated with elevated serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐6 and with elevated cytokine (IL‐1β and IL‐6) and chemokine (macrophage inflammatory protein 1α [MIP‐1α] and MIP‐2) transcripts from joints. However, arthritis susceptibility did not correlate with IL‐2 or interferon‐γ (IFNγ) concentrations or with PG‐specific antibody IgG2a isotype, since levels of IL‐2, IFNγ, or PG‐specific antibody IgG2a isotype in control (IL‐4Rαflox/−) and LysMcreIL‐4Rαflox/− mice were reduced in comparison with those in IL‐4Rα−/− mice.ConclusionThese findings indicate that IL‐4 functions as a major antiinflammatory cytokine in PGIA by governing the activity of macrophages/neutrophils and less so by controlling T cell activity and autoantibody isotype expression.
Relationship between appearance and psychological distress in rheumatic diseases
Authors: Monaghan Sally M. , Sharpe Louise , Denton Fiona , Levy Jo , Schrieber Leslie , Sensky Tom 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between physical appearance concerns and psychological distress in patients with rheumatic diseases.MethodsA total of 60 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 44 with chronic rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 53 with recent‐onset RA were evaluated for levels of appearance concern and a range of illness‐specific measures to determine how these demographic and clinical variables were related to the dependent variable psychological distress.ResultsUsing hierarchical multiple regression analyses, we found that both appearance concerns and levels of disability were predictive of depression in patients with RA. In the SLE sample, physical disability was predictive of depression when appearance concerns were not included in the analysis. However, disability did not predict depression when appearance concerns were entered into the analysis. This indicates that appearance concerns mediated the relationship between disability and depression in SLE. There was no association between appearance concerns and anxiety in either sample.ConclusionThe results suggest that appearance concerns are strongly related to depression in patients with rheumatic diseases and should be routinely assessed.
Hydrolytic resolution of (R,S)‐2‐hydroxycarboxylic acid esters in biphasic media: Implication for rate‐limiting formation or breakdown of tetrahedral intermediates in acylation step
Authors: Wang Pei‐Yun , Chen Teh‐Liang , Tsai Shau‐Wei , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA thermally stable esterase (SNSM‐87) from Klebsiella oxytoca is explored as an enantioselective biocatalyst for the hydrolytic resolution of (R,S)‐2‐hydroxycarboxylic acid esters in biphasic media, where the best methyl esters possessing the highest enantioselectivity and reactivity are selected and elucidated in terms of the structure–enantioselectivity correlations and substrate partitioning in the aqueous phase. With (R,S)‐2‐chloromandelates as the model substrates, an expanded Michaelis–Menten mechanism for the rate‐limiting acylation step is adopted for the kinetic analysis. The Brønsted slope of 25.7 for the fast‐reacting (S)‐2‐chloromandelates containing a difficult leaving alcohol moiety, as well as that of 4.13 for the slow‐reacting (R)‐2‐chloromandelates in the whole range of leaving alcohol moieties, indicates that the breakdown of tetrahedral intermediates to acyl‐enzyme intermediates is rate‐limiting. However, the rate‐limiting step shifts to the formation of tetrahedral intermediates for the (S)‐2‐chloromandelates containing an easy leaving alcohol moiety, and leads to an optimal enantioselectivity for the methyl ester substrate. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 30–38. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heparin in thrombosis and embolism
Authors: Murray Gordon D W 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Heparin was discovered by Howell in 1916 and he showed that it increased the coagulation time of blood. No experimental work was done to prove whether it had any effect on thrombosis in blood-vessels. Thrombosis and obliteration of the lumen may result from injury of the intima of blood-vessels by various means, as Welch,2 Zurhelle,3 Schimmelbusch,4 and Zahn5 have shown. They have described the accumulation of platelets at the site of injury. Very soon leucocytes were added to the mass of platelets, and finally fibrin made its appearance, so that, ultimately, the ordinary blood-clotting processes were added to those of the earlier thrombus. As these changes have been fully described by these investigators, no attempt was made to repeat their work in our experiments.
As it was our object to study whether heparin would prevent these processes, different means of producing thrombi with moderate certainty were investigated. We found6 that superficial veins in the extremities of dogs may be moderately severely traumatized without producing thrombosis, but finally we developed a technique by which thrombosis could be produced in well over 80 per cent.
Decreased E-cadherin expression is associated with haematogenous recurrence and poor prognosis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus
Authors: Tamura S , Shiozaki H , Miyata M , Kadowaki T , Inoue M , Matsui S , Iwazawa T , Takayama T , Takeichi M , Monden M 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Reduced expression of E-cadherin is associated with tumour invasiveness and metastasis. To elucidate whether E-cadherin expression correlates with clinical outcome in patients with oesophageal cancer, 62 patients were investigated immunohistochemically using an anti-E-cadherin monoclonal antibody (HECD-1). Eight patients had normal levels of expression in the tumour, 25 had tumours that expressed high levels (50 per cent or more tumour cells staining positive for E-cadherin) and 29 had tumours expressing low levels (less than 50 per cent of cells expressing E-cadherin). Patients with normally expressing tumours had a better prognosis at 3 years than those with low-expressing tumours (P &lt; 0·05). Postoperative death was correlated significantly with lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, E-cadherin expression and depth of invasion (P &lt; 0·05). Furthermore, haematogenous recurrence was correlated with E-cadherin expression (rs = 0·38, P &lt; 0·01) and blood vessel invasion (rs = 0·28, P &lt; 0·05). These results suggest that evaluation of E-cadherin immunoreactivity may predict haematogenous recurrence and poor prognosis in patients with oesophageal cancer.
Complete prevention of impaired anastomotic healing in diabetic rats requires preoperative blood glucose control
Authors: Verhofstad M H J , Hendriks Th 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Uncontrolled diabetes severely impairs early healing of experimental intestinal anastomosis. This study aimed to compare the potential beneficial effect of insulin treatment, started before or immediately after surgery. A normal blood glucose level was attained in diabetic rats by twice-daily administration of insulin, commenced either 4 days before operation (insulin-1 group) or on the day of operation (insulin-2 group). A non-diabetic control group and an uncontrolled diabetic group were also studied. Three days after operation, mean(s.d.) bursting pressures in the diabetic group were severely reduced compared with those in controls: 1.0(1.4) versus 8.1(2.9) kPa in the ileum and 4.9(4.7) versus 18.1(5.8) kPa in the colon. For ileal anastomosis, values in both groups of animals receiving insulin were similar to those in controls, but for colonic anastomosis the mean bursting pressure in the insulin-2 group remained significantly (P&lt; 0.017) below that in the insulin-1 group (10.2(6.4) versus 20.7(7.9) kPa respectively). After 7 days mean bursting pressures in both ileum and colon were restored to control levels in the insulin-1 group but not in the insulin-2 group. Anastomotic abscess formation after 3 days was also significantly (P&lt; 0.017) more common in the diabetic and insulin-2 groups, but not in the insulin-1 group than in the control group. Postoperative blood glucose control alone does not completely prevent the detrimental effects of uncontrolled diabetes on healing intestinal anastomoses.
Clinical significance of the tumour capsule in the treatment of parotid pleomorphic adenomas
Authors: McGurk M , Renehan A , Gleave E N , Hancock B D 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The propensity of pleomorphic adenomas to recur is generally attributed to the biological nature of the tumour, and surgery close to the capsule is perceived as undesirable. At the Christie Hospital, Manchester, between 1947 and 1992, 475 tumours arising within the superficial portion of the parotid gland were treated by two surgical techniques: extracapsular dissection (380 patients) and superficial parotidectomy (95). Recurrence rates were 2 per cent in each group (median follow-up. 125 years). Contact of the tumour with the facial nerve was recorded in 51 per cent of patients. There was no difference between the treatment groups in the incidence of permanent facial nerve injury (2 versus 1 per cent respectively). This study demonstrates that dissection in close proximity to the tumour is possible without inducing recurrence and that in practice the microinvasion of the capsule by tumour buds has limited clinical significance.
Thoracoscopic parathyroidectomy of an ectopic mediastinal adenoma
Authors: Gullstrand P , Olsson G , Olsson M , Sundkvist K , Leidner B , Mårtensson O 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Thoracoscopic parathyroidectomy in a patient with an adenoma in the lower mediastinum is described. This is a new method, probably reducing morbidity compared with median sternotomy, and has to the authors' knowledge not been described before.
Impact of splenectomy on circulating immunoglobulin levels and the development of postoperative infection following total gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Fujita T , Matai K , Kohno S , Itsubo K 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Splenectomy increases the postoperative morbidity of total gastrectomy for carcinoma of the stomach. The reasons for this increased risk of postoperative infection are unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of splenectomy on circulating immunoglobulin levels and to determine whether splenectomy was an independent risk factor for the development of postoperative infection in 154 patients undergoing total gastrectomy for carcinoma of the stomach. Splenectomy reduced circulating immunoglobulin M levels in the early postoperative period following total gastrectomy. However, it was not identified as an independent risk factor for the development of postoperative infection by multivariate analysis.
Major Variations in Anatomical Origin of the Coronary Arteries: Angiographic Observations in 4,250 Patients without Associated Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Engel H. Jurgen , Torres Carlos , Page Harry L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 51 (1.2%) of 4,250 patients studied by selective coronary arteriography, one or more major elements of the coronary arterial system originated from the sinuses of Valsalva in an ectopic manner. The majority of variations involved the left coronary artery. The majority of ectopic ostia were located in the right sinus of Valsalva. Failure to recognize variations in coronary arterial origin can prolong arteriography procedures and lead to errors in interpretation of coronary artery anatomy and pathology. It is concluded from this experience that the incidence and location of major variations in coronary arterial origin are relatively predictable. The data are useful in expediting coronary arteriography procedures and thus improving patient care.
Routine use of the Hydrogen Platinum Electrode System in Shunt Detection
Authors: Wilson Michael R. , Fontana Mary E. , Wooley Charles F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRoutine use of the hydrogen platinum electrode system (HPES) in 1,375 consecutive cardiac catheterizations facilitated shunt detection in 171 patients, led to the diagnosis of unsuspected shunts in 18 patients, and was of particular value in accurately localizing unusual left‐to‐right shunts.Left‐to‐right shunts were detected in 171 patients (12% of the total catheterizations). Eighteen unsuspected shunts (10% of the total shunts, or 1% of the total catheterizations) were found. Atrial septal defect (ASD), partial anomalous pulmonary drainage (PAPVD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and ruptured Valsalva aneurysm were demonstrated, usually associated with other congenital or acquired lesions.HPES was of particular value in accurately localizing the venous drainage of 38 unusual or complex lesions with left‐to‐right shunting.Five patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease had PAPVD, a higher incidence (1.2% of rheumatic mitral valve disease) than had previously been reported.The rationale for use of a sensitive shunt detection method as a routine part of the catheterization procedure is discussed.
Evaluation of High Viscosity Contrast Media in Canine Selective Coronary Arteriography
Authors: Kaftori Joseph K. , Paulin Sven 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA special high viscosity preparation of water soluble radiopaque contrast media was explored in animals for its suitability in selective coronary angiography. The high viscosity required power injection to accomplish adequate filling during selective coronary arteriography. The anticipated angiographic advantages, such as prolonged visualization and coating of the vascular walls, were marginal. Comparison with conventional preparations of the same contrast agent suggests that the high viscosity itself exerts some protective effect with regard to the immediate side effects on the electrocardiogram and mechanical function of the myocardium. However, the high viscosity preparation induced electrocardiographic signs compatible with myocardial ischemia not usually seen to follow the injection of conventional contrast agents. These were followed by mechanical heart failure or ventricular fibrillation resulting in death of 6 of the 10 experimental animals. It was concluded that high viscosity contrast media preparations are unsuitable for use in clinical selective coronary arteriography as presently practiced.
Pericardiocentesis: Insertion of a Pericardial Catheter
Authors: Owens William C. , Schaefer Richard A. , Rahimtoola Shahbudin H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPericardiocentesis is a lifesaving procedure in cardiac tamponade but is associated with significant and often life threatening complications. A patient is described in whom a catheter was inserted into the pericardium. This provided for prolonged pericardial drainage of purulent fluid and has the potential for decreasing the risk of this procedure.
Echocardiographic criteria of normal left atrial size in adults
Authors: Francis LCdr G. S. , Hagan Capt A. D. , Hart Patricia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough the measurement of left atrial diameter (LAD) is a standard part of anyechocardiographic examination, the normal range for adults has never been well established or correlated with body surface area (BSA) and sex. We studied 100 males and 100 females whose ages ranged from 15 to 70 years, with no evidence of mitral value disease or other form of heart disease which might cause left atrial enlargement. All measurements were obtained between the external surface of posterior aortic root (AR) and the internal surface of the left atrial wall and were recorded at ventricular end diastole (ED) as well as end systole (ES). The LAD at ED ranged from 9.5 to 29.5 mm with a mean of 19 mm ± 5.0 S.D.; the diameter at ES ranged from 18.3 mm to 38.7 mm with a mean of 28.5 mm ± 5.1 S.D. The mean LAD at ED was 20.7 mm ± 4.8 S.D. in males compared to the mean diameter of 18.3 ± 4.9 S.D. in females which represents a significant difference (p<0.001). The LAD did not correlate with BSA. The left atrial dimension by ultrasound in these 200 normal patients was compared with the same measurement in 50 catheterized patients with mitral valve disease and proven left atrial enlargement. When absolute values of the left atrial dimension both at end systole and end diastole were determined by ultrasound, there was a clear separation between normal and abnormal (p<0.0001).
The hemodynamic simulation of mitral regurgitation in ventricular septal defect after myocardial infarction
Authors: Bethea Charles F. , Peter Robert H. , Behar Victor S. , Margolis James R. , Kisslo Joseph A. , Kong Yihong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe development of a ventricular septal defect (VSD) following myocardial infarction is an uncommon complication which clinically can be confused with mitral insufficiency due to infarction of a papillary muscle. The clinical and hemodynamic records of six patients with documented acute VSD secondary to myocardial infarction were analyzed to determine which descriptors would be of value in clinically separating these two entities. All six of our patients had a right heart catheterization showing an oxygen step‐up consistent with a VSD, and five had a large pulmonary wedge V wave suggesting concomitant mitral insufficiency. The echocardiogram showed only nonspecific chamber enlargement. Since these patients were being considered for open heart surgery to close the VSD, left and right cardiac catheterization including selective coronary arteriography was done. Despite large V waves being present in the pulmonary wedge and/or left atrial pressure tracing in five of the six patients, no mitral insufficiency was present on the left ventricular cineangiograms. It is concluded that a large pulmonary wedge and/or left atrial V wave does not necessarily indicate mitral insufficiency. Since both a VSD and mitral insufficiency are surgically correctable, patients who develop new holosystolic murmurs following myocardial infarction should have complete right and left heart catheterizations with LV angiography for accurate diagnosis if surgical correction of the lesion is contemplated.
Right ventricular mass estimation by angioechocardiography
Authors: Arcilla Rene A. , Mathew Rajamma , Sodt Peter , Lester Lucille , Cahill Noel , Thilenius Otto G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA combined angiocardiographic‐echocardiographic method for estimating right ventricular wall mass is described. Biplane cineangiocardiograms are analyzed for ventricular volume in end‐diastole, and wall thickness is determined from echocardiograms obtained with a high frequency transducer and strip chart recorder. The intracavitary and the external surface volumes of the ventricle are derived, and the difference multiplied by 1.050, the specific gravity of myocardium. Excellent correlation was observed between right ventricular wall mass and body surface area in normal children (r = 0.93). The mean right ventricular mass was 44.5 g/M2 as compared to 78.1 g/M2 for the left ventricle; corresponding mass/EDV values were 0.48 g/cm3 and 1.26 g/cm3, respectively. In isolated right ventricular pressure overload, the increase in right ventricular mass is chiefly due to the increase in wall thickness; in volume overload, it is due mostly to the increase in chamber volume.