bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Songs and Sexual Responses of Female White-Crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia Leucophrys) From a Mixed-Dialect Population
Authors: Chilton Glen , Ross Lein M. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Some researchers have suggested that female songbirds mate with males singing local song types in preference to males singing dialects from more distant populations. Such behaviour might promote genetic isolation among dialect populations. We studied captive female white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) from a population in which two song types were equally common, as a model for behaviour at dialect boundaries. Subjects were captured as adults, and the song type of the mate of each was known. Treated with estradiol, females gave sexual displays in response to playback of conspecific male song. As a group, they solicited no more strongly to either local song type, suggesting that males singing either local song type should be able to attract mates. Individuals solicited no more strongly to their mate's song type than to the other local song type. This suggests that strength of response of captive females to song playback may not accurately reflect the behaviour of free-living individuals. Subjects were also treated with testosterone to induce singing. Individuals sang their mates' song type more often than expected by chance. Given that female white-crowned sparrows in this population do not consistently choose mates of one song type, we develop the argument that females learn, for performance, the song type of their first mate. However, the type of song learned for performance appears unlikely to restrict their subsequent mate choice decisions. Our results suggest that female white-crowned sparrows do not base their choice of mates on dialectal variation in male song, and that it is unlikely that mate choice decisions based on song dialect promote the genetic isolation of dialect populations.
Relationship Between Growth, Size, Molting, and Number of Antennal Segments in Orchestia Traskiana Stimpson (Amphipoda, Talitridae)
Authors: Page Henry M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDans cette étude on a examinée la possibilité d'utiliser le nombre d'articles ou podomères comporté par la flagelle des antennes, comme indice de rang de mue chez l'amphipode Talitridé Orchestia traskiana. Les résultats montrent que les mâles et les femelles possédant jusqu'à 13 podomères acquièrent, en moyenne, un podomère supplémentaire lors de la mue. Les différences survenant dans la fréquence d'acquisition des podomères lors de la mue, entre les mâles et les femelles possédant plus de 13 podomères, semblent être liée à la différence existante entre les taux de croissance respectifs des sexes. Il a été remarqué que la longueur moyenne du corps d'un O. traskiana possédant entre 10 et 13 podomères, telle qu'elle a été mesurée dans une population prélevée sur le terrain, subit des variations saisonnières, ce qui suggère ainsi une variation saisonnière dans l'accroissement de la mue.
Relative Growth of the Speckled Swimming Crab Arenaeus Cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818) (Brachyura, Portunidae), Near Ubatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Amaro Pinheiro Marcelo Antonio , Fransozo Adilson 
Published: April 2008

AbstractArenaeus cribrarius is a mainly tropical crab that occurs in the Western Atlantic Ocean, Brazil being its type-locality. The species ranges from Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts, USA to La Paloma, Uruguay. Information about this species is scarce. The relative growth ofA. cribrarius was analyzed, based on some morphometric relations, where the carapace width, excluding lateral spines (CW), was used as an independent variable. A total of 403 specimens (189 males and 214 females), was collected in Ubatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil, with otter-trawls. The animals were sexed and sorted to maturation phase (juvenile or adult). Some measurements were made: carapace (length and width excluding lateral spines), abdomen (greatest width of the fifth somite in females and the sixth in males) and major chela (greatest length, width and height, dactylus length). This study was made by the application of the power function (y=a.xb) which was fitted to the data and the pattern of growth established for each parameter by the "b"-value (constant of allometry), as positive allomctry (b>1), negative allometry (b<1) or isometry (b=1). The morphometric relations of the carapace showed a tendency to isometry. In females, the abdominal width grew in positive allometry, higher in juveniles (b= 1.33) than in adults (b=1.18). In this case, an overlap and discontinuity was noticed between the phases over a carapace width range of 55 to 70 mm, where the puberty molt occurs. The majority of relationships showed that the major chela of the males grew in positive allometry, however, the greatest allometric difference between the phases was observed towards the propodus length with 1.09 as juvenile and 1.26 as adult "b"values. In the males, this variable showed an inflection between the CW range of 45 to 55 mm, where the transition to the maturation phase occurs. The relative growth of this species is similar to those of previously studied species. This indicates, that the propodus length and the abdominal width are the morphometric variables most appropriate to estimate the size at the beginning of the sexual maturity for males and females of this species, respectively.
Agarum Kelp Beds as Nursery Habitat of Spot Prawns, Pandalus Platyceros Brandt, 1851 (Decapoda, Caridea)
Authors: Marliave Jeffrey B. , Roth Myron 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The spot prawn, Pandalus platyceros Brandt, 1851, predominantly uses kelp beds of Agarum sp. as nursery habitat in waters of southern British Columbia. Census data indicate interannual fluctuations in numbers of shrimp settling into nurseries. Analysis of size samples indicates settlement primarily in May and June, with lesser rates of settlement through the summer. Growth of about 3 mm CL per month can occur through summer and fall, with juveniles apparently emigrating from nurseries, starting in the fall, at sizes of 16-20 mm CL. Juveniles which fail to reach such size before winter remain in the nursery habitat, with slower overall growth at about 1 mm CL per month. This difference in duration of residence in kelp bed nursery habitat, together with different juvenile growth rates, leads to the conclusion that the age of spot prawns at a given size will be variable. Due to this variable early life history and growth, length frequency modes of spot prawns could include a mixed age group.
Aspects of the Morphology of the Parasitic Copepod Lernaea Cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 and Notes On Its Distribution in Africa
Authors: Avenant-Oldewage A. , Robinson Jenny 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA morphological study on the ectoparasite Lernaea cyprinacea, found on Labeo rosae and Oreochromis mossambicus in the Olifants River in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, was done with the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy. Detailed descriptions are given of the appendages and their associated ornamentation. Significant morphological findings include the exact structure of the mandibles and the ornamentation on first pair of maxillae. Statistical analysis of the morphometrical data as well as the geographical distribution in Africa are shown.
Size At Sexual Maturity and Morphometric Variability in Three Populations of a Ustropotamobi Us Pallipes Pallipes (Lereboullet, 1858) According To a Restocking Strategy
Authors: Romain D. , Mocquard J.P. , Souty-Grosset C. , Grandjean F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSize at sexual maturity was determined by the allometric equation in three populations of Austropotamobius pallipes pallipes from the Poitou-Charentes region, France. Seven morphological characters were measured and POL (post orbital length) was used as a reference parameter. The puberal moult was identified by changes in the relative growth of CW (claw width) and CL (claw length) in both sexes. Males have shown variation of the relative growth of CW and CL at 19.15 mm of POL for the Gatineau (Gat) stream, 20.1 mm of POL for the Magnerolle (Mag) and 20.3 mm for the Fontaine Saint-Pierre (Fsp) populations, respectively. Sexual maturity of females occurred at 16.17 mm POL for the Fsp, 18.2 mm for the Mag and for the Gat. Geographic variation in A. pallipes was investigated using multivariate analysis of five morphometric characters on mature specimens. By canonical discriminant analysis, the Mag population was distinct from the other two populations. Results are discussed with regard to restocking strategy.
The Physiognomy of the Mueller-Lyer Figure
Authors: Alapack Richard J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe thematic survey of traditional literature uncovered a pressing need to study the M-L figure as a phenomenon in its own right. A design was constructed intending to evoke the figure's full phenomenal appearance. Instead of framing a highly determinate structure wherein a specific question is posed, E presented the figure to naive Ss, simply asking them to describe it. The purpose was to ascertain what naive Ss would perceive if not encumbered by a prior set. In addition, five experiential questions about the descriptive task were included, aiming to elucidate and render intelligible the factual perceptions. The results showed that the M-L figure appears physiognomically. Typical responses exhibiting stylistic variation pointed to the dialectic between perceiver and perceived thing. A second finding was that the perception of equal horizontal lines as unequal emerged as a predominant, but only one of several possible ways of resolving the M-L figure's many perceptual possibilities. In fact, the data revealed a trend that elucidates the conditions which make possible the "M-L effect." Finally, "direction-orientation," a phenomenal variable elucidated by Merleau-Ponty's notions about the body and perception, emerged as the most characteristic way of perceiving the experimental figure.
Alexander Pfanders Nachlasstexte Uber Das Virtuelle Psychische
Authors: Schwankl Peter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractContrary to his original plans, Alexander Pfänder's "Zur Psychologie der Gesinnungen, I. und II. Teil" ("On the Psychology of Sentiments, Part I and II", 1st ed. 1913/ 1916, 2nd ed. 1922/ 1930) has remained a fragment, and does not include, the chapter on the virtual sentiments (die virtuellen Gesinnungen) with an addition referring to the virtual psyche (das virtuelle Psychische) in general. Sixty-seven pages of Pfänder's posthumous writings, located at the Bavarian State Library in Munich, deal with the virtual psyche in general and the virtual sentiments in specific. These manuscripts (March 12, 1912, to September 13, 1913) contain the only passages where Pfänder is concerned with the virtual psyche in detail and are preliminary studies for the above-mentioned chapter.
Is Psychology a Hermeneutic Science?
Authors: Beshai James A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPsycholinguistic theories of meaning have developed within a univocal, explanatory model of science which is concerned with the use of language rather than its creation. Such a model is insufficient to deal with the complex data of human discourse with its multiple domains in speech, writing, reading, and interpreting. While recognizing the necessity of univocal explanatory procedures in the analysis of meaning the hermeneutic circle of explanation and understanding demands that "interpretation" occupy both a preliminary and a posterior place within a scientific procedure. Problems of the univocal procedure in the study of language development, thought processes, and content analyses are more adequately handled by a hermeneutic model, such as the one developed by Paul Ricoeur on the works of Freud. Freudian psychoanalysis while approximating this model tends to be univocal rather than plurivocal in its treatment of the role of symbols in the creation of meaning. A hermeneutic model would place the crucial emphasis on a dialectic of both suspicion and affirmation.
Ontological Insecurity and Reflective Processes
Authors: Spitzer Stephan P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractStrong support was found for the ontological model as it was interpreted and according to the procedures used. Reflective subjects are more likely to show anxiety than non-reflective subjects, and anxiety is less likely to be located at those points upon which reflection is deployed than at those points devoid of reflection. Reflective subjects are also more likely to show indications of dissatisfaction than non-reflective subjects; anxious subjects are also more likely to show signs of dissatisfaction than those who are non-anxious. A subanalysis helps to disassociate effects attributable to reflection from effects attributable to dissatisfaction. The "main" effect of reflection on anxiety is that, regardless of whether dissatisfaction is or is not indicated, reflective subjects are more likely to show anxiety than non-reflective subjects. However, the significantly greater likelihood of observing anxiety among dissatisfied reflective than satisfied reflective subjects is indicative of the degree to which dissatisfaction is a source of anxiety beyond that attributable to reflection alone. The higher likelihood of finding anxiety among reflective subjects, independent of the presence or absence of dissatisfaction, is of considerable importance in interpreting the portion of the ontological model bearing uon the regulation of anxiety according
Application of a Phenomenological Method To the Faces-Goblet Stimulus Display: I. Initiating the Inquiry and Defining Figure and Ground
Authors: Shor Ronald E. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract"I don't want to hurry it ... When you want to hurry something, that means you no longer care about it and want to get on to other things. I just want to get at it slowly, but carefully and thoroughly, with the same attitude I remember was present just before (making a useful discovery). It is that attitude that found it, nothing else." (Pirsig, 1974. p. 27)
Socialization and Process: a Methodological Problem
Authors: Pritchard Colin W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe basic form of experiencing process as such, then, lies in the apprehension of an object changing through an ordered sequence of states towards an end state. The sequence is grasped in the light of the final state of things which stands in close relation to the central noema of "changing object" in terms of which the phases of the sequence are recognized and related. The central noema is itself an emergent property of the identification of the sequence of states as "pertaining to the same something." This complex, not to say convoluted, constitution is iteratively established through polythetic acts in which change itself is grasped and sequence evidenced through the positing of possible sequences in the light of the intuition of succession. Eventually the whole sequence may be grasped monothetically and the process experienced as such as a whole. This prototype of process itself provides a basic form by which the events of intentional life may be ordered. The core experience, that objects do change in an ordered manner towards a defined and defining end may provide a way of meaningfully structuring experience. Thus for example, the succession Sii to Siii may be experienced as such. That succession may lead to a question like "towards what end does this succession tend?" More germane to the present argument, a particular state of things may lead to the question "by what process has this state of things come about?" In both these cases, the prototype of process leads to the attempt to interpret the succession or the state of things in terms of orderly change through time and in this way the intuition of process, in its own right, may provide a structure in which the phenomena of consciousness may be experienced and meaningfully related.
The Givenness of Self and Others in Husserl's Transcendental Phenomenology
Authors: Andrew Wayne K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHusserl's explication of "self" and "others" occurs within his founding science of pure possibilities or "bracketed" consciousness and experience. His analysis of self and others seeks, in part, to demonstrate that "personal" or "self-experience" is not the only possibility of immanent consciousness but that "other persons" are also given as possibilities. The possibility of others, though in a form of givenness different from that of self, provides a basis for inter-subjectivity. Thus, Husserl's phenomenological analysis can, if it does avoid solipsism and subjective idealism in general, establish inter-subjectivity as coextensive with subjectivity within the deepest possibilities of experience. Husserl's discussion of how the other as an external person or alien ego occurs as a given after all beliefs in an independently existing world are suspended (bracketed) shares some interesting parallels with psychological concepts and also suggests foundational possibilities for research on how the other is constituted as a separate "person" within our consciousness.
Shame as an Interpersonal Dimension of Communication among Doctoral Students: An Empirical Phenomenological Study
Authors: Ablamowicz Halina 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCurrent conceptions of shame emphasize its negative communication value as a phenomenon of conscious experience. A tendency in our contemporary society is to view this phenomenon as an extremely disparaging and undesirable experience that every person should avoid or eliminate. It has become a cultural norm now that shame, perceived as human failure or sickness, is to be rejected, hidden, and not discussed. It is believed to stand in the way of personal progress and self-realization. The research literature mirrors not only the lack of interest in understanding but the ignorance of this central-to-human-life experience. The present study examines the meaning and communicative structure of shame through an application of the phenomenological method of Merleau-Ponty and Lanigan. My analysis is grounded in empirical phenomenology and focuses on meaning as reflected in verbal protocols. The results obtained dispel the misleading notion of shame as primarily a negative, to-be-avoided experience. Rather, reflection on the empirical data indicates that the subjects do not adopt the negative theoretical model of shame but accept it as a universal positive experience of communication that is fundamental in their self-improvement process.
An Exploratory Phenomenological Psychological Approach to the Experience of the Moral Sense
Authors: Giorgi Amedeo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe study of the moral sense was neglected for a long time in psychology until recently when Kohlberg, following the work of Piaget, constructed a scale for studying moral judgments. In this article the more scientific and empirical approach to the moral sense is questioned and an argument is made that a qualitative approach would yield more meaningful results. The work of Coles is cited as one example of a qualitative approach, and this article suggests a phenomenological approach. Five brief descriptions describing learning, resentment, decision-making, and the experience of autonomy were used for both analyses of the moral sense and psychological concomitants. The results indicate that the moral sense is a meaning that refers to an "ought" and that the awakening of the moral sense is frequently associated with negative emotions or feelings.
From the Homestead to the City: Two Fundamental Concepts of Education
Authors: Jager Bernd 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe metaphor of progress as it applies to education refers to the steps taken (Latin gredi) by students on a road leading from one way of understanding or misunderstanding in the direction (Latin pro) of another, better understanding. This process of acculturation, understood in the light of the metaphor of progress, is thought here as connecting two commensurate realms. This metaphoric mode evokes a technical, natural, scientific way of understanding education. The cultural metaphor of a rite of passage as it is used by preliterate societies presents acculturation as a transcending movement between incommensurate realms. The root metaphor for the rite of passage is that of dying to one way of life and being reborn to another. The metaphor of progress, like that of homo faber, leads to an understanding of acculturation in terms of becoming literate. The metaphor of the rite of passage and of transcendence leads to an understanding of acculturation as essentially a process of becoming inscribed. The rite of passage places human learning and understanding within the context of human suffering and mortality; modern progressive theories place our thirst for knowledge within the context of everyday usefulness and the practical desire to improve our life. It is possible to think of the young child's passage from the home environment to the grade-school environment in terms of progress; the world of the home and that of the school are then thought of as commensurate realms, as together forming one unproblematic whole. The child's problem in moving from the one environment to the other is then seen as a problem of adjustment. If we look at this transition in terms of a rite of passage, it can then be thought of as a radical personal and individual transformation or conversion that cannot be accomplished by purely technical means. This mode of understanding casts in high relief the essential differences that mark the incommensurate realms of the home and the school. An investigation concerning the essential differences between the incommensurate realms of home and school brings to the fore the more fundamental differences between the incommensurate spheres of the private and the public, each of which has its own specific structural and ontological characteristics that determine the characteristic manner in which these realms are inhabited.
Sketch for a Phenomenology of Dreaming
Authors: Tougas Cecile T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDreaming as lived experience qualifies as intentional life, despite its strangeness. Yet the dream-phenomena themselves receive little direct clarification consistent with Edmund Husserl's major work on conscious intentionality. With fundamental accomplishments of Husserlian phenomenology in play, how could a study of these neglected appearances begin? First it is necessary to describe the essential relevant Husserlian concepts. From Husserl's descriptions in his phenomenological psychology, his analysis of internal time-consciousness, and his theory of wholes and parts in Logical Investigations, the sense of intentionality as a streaming indivisible nexus, a double continuity of inseparable wholeness, becomes evident. Immersed in this self-awareness, we do not find it difficult to access dream-appearances and account for their connection in intentional life. A claim can be made for their presentational objectivity as well as for their "gnomonic" subjectivity. A systematic sketch of their typology or fundamental structure is thus possible without reducing dream-intentionality to something other than itself. Hence, a Husserlian sense of conscious lived experience is first presented. Dream evidence is then considered, despite possible bewilderment, in order to provide a clue to an extended sense of both subjectivity and objectivity. Lines toward a development of dream typicality are thereby indicated.