bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular relapse in adult standard-risk ALL patients detected by prospective MRD monitoring during and after maintenance treatment: data from the GMALL 06/99 and 07/03 trials
Authors: Raff Thorsten , Gökbuget Nicola , Lüschen Silke , Reutzel Regina , Ritgen Matthias , Irmer Sebastian , Böttcher Sebastian , Horst Heinz-August , Kneba Michael , Hoelzer Dieter , Brüggemann Monika ,   for the GMALL Study Group
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Although levels of minimal residual disease (MRD) decrease below the detection limit in most adult patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after consolidation treatment, about 30% of these patients will ultimately relapse. To evaluate the power of MRD monitoring as an indicator of impending relapse, we prospectively analyzed postconsolidation samples of 105 patients enrolled in the German Multicenter ALL (GMALL) trial by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of clonal immune gene rearrangements. All patients were in hematologic remission, had completed first-year polychemotherapy, and tested MRD negative prior to study entry. Twenty-eight of 105 patients (27%) converted to MRD positivity thereafter, and 17 of 28 (61%) relapsed so far. Median time from molecular (MRD-positive) to clinical relapse was 9.5 months. In 15 of these patients, MRD within the quantitative range of PCR was measured in hematologic remission, and 13 of these patients (89%) relapsed after a median interval of 4.1 months. Of the 77 continuously MRD-negative patients, only 5 (6%) have relapsed. We conclude that conversion to MRD positivity during the early postconsolidation phase in adult standard-risk ALL patients is highly predictive of subsequent hematologic relapse. As a result of the study, as of spring 2006, salvage treatment in the ongoing GMALL trial is intended to be started at the time of recurrence of quantifiable MRD.
The otolaryngologic presentation of myasthenia gravis
Authors: Carpenter Robert J. , Mcdonald Thomas J. , Howard Frank M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMyasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disease of insidious onset, characterized by weakness and fatigability of voluntary muscles. Most patients present with symptoms relating to the head and neck and thus may be seen first by the otolaryngologist. Predominant symptoms may be ocular (ptosis or diplopia) or related to fatigue of the oropharyngeal or laryngeal musculature (dysarthria, dysphonia, or dysphagia). Alleviation of muscular weakness and fatigability after administration of anticholinesterase drugs is pathognomonic of myasthenia gravis.
Complications of frontal and ethmoid sinusitis
Authors: Morgan Philip R. , Morrison Winsor V. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA small percentage of patients with acute frontal or ethmoid sinusitis develop orbital, cranial or CNS complications. At selected University of Tennessee affiliated hospitals, from 1974 to 1978, there were 14 such cases which required major surgical intervention in addition to intensive medical therapy. The most common complication in this series was subperiosteal orbital abscess. The most common bacterial isolates were streptococcus and staphylococcus. A discussion of complications associated with frontal and ethmoid sinusitis is included as well as recommendations for medical and surgical management.
Reconstructing the absent lenticular process
Authors: Schuring Arnold G. , Lippy William H. , Rizer Franklin M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWhen a surgeon encounters an absent lenticular process of the incus, he must either reposition the incus or attempt to bridge the small gap between the remaining incus long process and the stapes capitulum. Our solution to this problem is to place a Lippy modified Robinson stapes prosthesis on the stapes footplate and attach it to the remaining long process, thus bypassing the stapes superstructure. This modified Robinson prosthesis has a portion of the well removed allowing the eroded long process to enter from the side. The hearing results of 63 cases at 6 months (two‐thirds of which had a concurrent tympanoplasty) are 67% within 10 dB and 91% within 20 dB of the preoperative bone hearing level. The use of an existing and proven prosthesis provides both stability and, to date, the most successful hearing results for reconstructing the absent lenticular process.
Efficient Synthesis of Medium‐Sized Rings Incorporating Indole or Pyrrole Units by Samarium Diiodide Induced Cyclizations
Authors: Blot Virginie , Reißig Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSamarium diiodide promoted the intramolecular reductive couplings of N‐alkylated indole and pyrrole derivatives 9–12 and 14 to afford products 15–19 that incorporate seven‐ and eight‐membered rings. They were obtained in good yields and generally with excellent diastereoselectivities. Up to four contiguous stereogenic centres are controlled in this transformation, which is explained by a highly ordered transition structure with the samarium alcoholate moiety preferring an equatorial position. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Electrical spin injection into InGa(N)As quantum structures and single InGaAs quantum dots
Authors: Hetterich M. , Löffler W. , Fallert J. , Höpcke N. , Burger H. , Passow T. , Li S. , Daniel B. , Ramadout B. , Lupaca‐Schomber J. , Hetterich J. , Litvinov D. , Gerthsen D. , Klingshirn C. , Kalt H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe investigate electrical spin injection from a semi‐magnetic n‐type ZnMnSe spin aligner into III–V p–i–n diodes with InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) in the active layer. Quantitative transmission electron microscopy techniques are applied to characterize the different dot types used. Analysis of the circular polarization degree (CPD) of the device emission indicates the spin polarization of the injected electrons. Values of more than 70% are obtained for the wetting layer and high‐energy QD states. However, the CPD shows a strong spectral dependence due to spin relaxation at the stage, before the electrons are finally captured in the dots. This is, e.g., evidenced by an initial increase of the polarization degree with rising temperature, attributed to motional narrowing effects. As a prerequisite for more detailed studies, we also demonstrate electrical spin injection into single InGaAs QDs, which should provide the basis for future single spin manipulation experiments. Finally, we suggest GaInNAs as optically active material for the realization of spin‐polarized light‐emitting diodes with long‐wavelength emission. First results indicate CPD values of up to 80% for λ = 1130 nm, suggesting this approach to be very promising. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Time‐dependent density functional theory studies of the electronic absorption spectra of metallophthalocyanines of group IVA
Authors: Zhang Yuexing , Cai Xue , Zhang Xianxi , Xu Hui , Liu Zhongqiang , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTime‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations were carried out in a comparative study of the electronic absorption spectra of lead(II) phthalocyaninate (PbPc), tin(II) phthalocyaninate (SnPc), tin(IV) dichlorophalocyaninate (PcSnCl2), germanium(II) phthalocyaninate (GePc), and germanium (IV) dichlorophalocyaninate (PcGeCl2) with the B3LYP method and LANL2DZ basis set. Our calculated bands correspond well with the experimental results. The electronic natures of all the bands in the absorption spectra are assigned and analyzed comparatively according to the calculated electronic transition contributions. With the increase of the dielectric constant from CHCl3 to DMSO, all the electronic absorption bands are somewhat red shift, consistent with the shift rules measured experimentally. The radius of the central metals has great influence to the absorption spectra, especially for the B bands. The influence of the radius of the central metals to the absorption spectra of PcSnCl2 and PcGeCl2 is smaller than to the spectra of the nonplanar MPcs (M = Pb, Sn, and Ge). Axial ligands also greatly changed the electronic absorption spectra due to the change of the orbital energy level and the molecular symmetry. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Solving constrained mechanical systems by the family of Newmark and α‐methods
Authors: Lunk Ch. , Simeon B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe family of Newmark and generalized α‐methods is extended to constrained mechanical systems by using simultaneous position and velocity stabilization as key ideas. In this way, the acceleration constraints need not be evaluated, and the overall algorithm is about as expensive as the application of a BDF method to the GGL‐stabilized equations of motion. Moreover, the RATTLE method of molecular dynamics is included as special case. A convergence analysis of the presented α‐RATTLE algorithm shows global second order in both position and velocity variables while the Lagrange multipliers are computed to first order accuracy. Additonally, the property of adjustable numerical dissipation carries over from the unconstrained case.
Differential expression of phospholipases D1 and D2 in mouse tissues
Authors: Kim Heechul , Lee Jeeyoung , Kim Seungjoon , Shin Min Kyoung , Min Do Sik , Shin Taekyun 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe differential expression of phospholipase D (PLD) isozymes, which include PLD1 and PLD2, was examined in various murine tissues, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, heart, lung, liver, spleen, stomach, pancreas, ileum, colon, adrenal gland, kidneys, testes, ovaries, and uterus.In Western blot analysis, only PLD1 was detected in the heart and ovary, while only PLD2 was detected in the pancreas and ileum. Both PLD1 and PLD2 were strongly expressed in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and lung, and both were also expressed in the liver, spleen, stomach, colon, kidney, testes, and uterus.Immunohistochemistry showed intense PLD immunostaining in the cerebrum, cerebellum, lungs, intestines, and testis, and weak PLD immunostaining in the liver, kidneys, spleen, and heart.These findings suggest that PLD1 and PLD2 are differentially expressed in the various organs of mice, and that each PLD isozyme plays a distinct role in each organ.
INCORPORATION OF [14C]AMINO ACIDS INTO THE PROTEOLIPID OF SUBCELLULAR PREPARATIONS OF RAT BRAIN IN VITRO*
Authors: MOKRASCH L. C. 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYIN a previous report (MOKRASCH and MANNER, 1963) some of the characteristics of the incorporation of p4C]amino acids and pT]palmitate into the proteolipid from rat brain slices were detailed. This report deals with a further resolution of the incorporating system in centrifugal subfractions of rat brain homogenate. Some similarities in the reaction condition requirements are seen when the incorporations for slices are compared with those for particle preparations. Differences between the incorporation of p4C]amino acids into ptoteolipid by the system used here and incorporation by microsomal systems ate several.A report with preliminary information on the particulate system has appeared (MOKRASCH, 1963).
STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON SULPHATIDES IN METACHROMATIC LEUCODYSTROPHY
Authors: Malone Michael J. , Stoffyn Pierre , Moser Hugo 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYSulphatides have been isolated by a newly developed method from the brain white matter of normal human adult and child, and of two patients with metachromatic leucodystrophy.Only galactose was found in chromatographic analysis of the carbohydrate component. Following permethylation of the sulphatides, the methylated hexose, in all cases, was 2,4,6‐trimethylgalactose.The sulphate group is located solely at the C‐3 position of the galactopyranose moiety, and in metachromatic leucodystrophy, although there is an accumulation of sulphatides, their composition and structure remain normal.
FLUID COMPARTMENTATION AND ELECTROLYTES OF CAT CEREBRAL CORTEX IN VITRO–III ONTOGENETIC AND COMPARATIVE ASPECTS*
Authors: Tower Donald B. , Bourke Robert S. 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYStudies on swelling and fluid compartmentation have been carried out in vitro on incubated slices of cerebral cortex from kittens 1.5‐120 days post‐natal age and on incubated sections of corpus callosum and slices of liver and kidney cortex from adult cats. The findings have been compared with analogous data for incubated slices of adult cat cerebral cortex, studied under identical conditions (Bourke and Tower, 1966a, b), in order to identify the probable morphological correlates of fluid and electrolyte distribution.Incubated cortical slices from neonatal (1.5‐4‐day‐old) kittens exhibit none of the relevant characteristics of slices from adult cerebral cortex. By 1 month post‐natal age, K+‐dependent swelling of slices becomes demonstrable, and the K+ and Na+ contents of slices approximate adult levels. Both these developments coincide with the morphological and physiological maturation of cortical neurons. At 3 months post‐natal age, slice swelling accessible to C1− but not to sucrose becomes observable and the dependence of sucrose space size on time, during incubation, of solute addition becomes demonstrable. Both these developments follow completion of axonal myelination in the cortex but coincide with the period of cortical glial cell proliferation.Incubated sections of corpus callosum from adult cats exhibit none of the relevant characteristics observed for cortical slices under identical conditions. Tissue swelling is minimal and uninfluenced by K+ concentrations of incubation media. Tissue fluid spaces accessible to sucrose are approximately twice the size of spaces accessible to inulin. In general, qualitatively similar results have been obtained for incubated slices of cat liver or kidney cortex or for incubated sections of rat diaphragm under the same conditions. A behaviour for glial cells (? astrocytes) in cerebral cortex under such in vitro conditions distinctly different from behaviour of subcortical glial cells is suggested.
THE QUANTITATIVE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF A CHEMICALLY INDUCED EPENDYMOBLASTOMA–II THE EFFECT OF ISCHAEMIA ON SUBSTRATES OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM*
Authors: Maker Howard S. , Lehrer Gerard M. , Weiss Cipora , Silides Demetra J. , Scheinberg Labe C. 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYSeveral metabolic intermediates of glycolysis have been assayed by sensitive, quantitative microtechniques in an experimental mouse ependymoblastoma growing in brain and in cerebral hemispheres of the tumour‐bearing animals after exposure to varying periods of ischaemia prior to freezing. Initial levels of glucose and lactate were higher, and ATP and glucose‐6‐phosphate lower, in the ependymoblastoma than in brain. During ischaemia glucose fell and lactate increased less rapidly in the tumour than in brain. The overall patterns of change in glucose‐6‐phosphate were similar in tumour and brain although the level of glucose‐6‐phosphate was consistently lower in the ependymoblastoma. ATP was very low in the tumour at the time of decapitation and it declined less precipitously than in brain, so that after 2 min of ischaemia levels were similar in the two tissues.
DECOMPOSITION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS DURING WALLERIAN DEGENERATION J. DOMONKOS
Authors: Domonkos J. , Heiner L. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—Of the lipid metabolic changes in Wallerian degeneration, the decomposition of phosphatides was studied in the early stages, 2–14 days after the nerve had been cut. It was found that the decomposition of phosphatides begins only 6 days after section. The amounts of lipid‐P and fatty acid ester decrease in parallel. However, a greatcr decrease in the amount of fatty aldehyde was observed than of the lipid‐P and fatty acid ester; this indicates that the vinyl ether bonds of glycerophosphatides are more sensitive to the degenerative process than the fatty acid ester or phosphorus.The fatty acid ester: lipid‐P ratio, calculated from the results, does not change; however, the fatty aldehyde: lipid‐P ratio shows a marked decrease during this same period. The values of the ratios indicate that in the 2nd week following nerve section, decomposition of glycerophosphatides containing fatty aldehyde (i.e. plasmalogens), in contrast to glycerophosphatides of diacyl form, may be only partial. Thus, in the 2nd week of Wallerian degeneration the formation of lysophosphatides may be presumed to come from the plasmalogens.
EFFECT OF PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY ON AROMATIC l‐AMINO ACID DECARBOXYLASE IN THE DEVELOPING RAT LIVER AND BRAIN
Authors: Eberle Elizabeth D. , Eiduson S. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—Maternal pyridoxine deficiency begun 2 weeks before mating and continued throughout pregnancy and the nursing period resulted in diminished wt. gains in the brain, the liver and the body in the first 16 days of life, as well as lowered levels of the aromatic l‐amino acid decarboxylase in both brain and liver tissue. The fetus was protected from the effect of vitamin B6 deficiency during pregnancy, since at birth the body wt., organ weights, and decarboxylase levels in these tissues were comparable to those of control litters. The brain was affected less than the liver, both in rate of wt. increase and decarboxylase activity.The cerebellum normally developed measurable decarboxylase activity only during the second week of life. The cortex normally slowly increased its low decarboxylase activity during the first week postnatally, with a more rapid increase during the second week. This rapid increase was primarily in the holoenzyme moiety. The rest of the brain, which had well developed levels of decarboxylase activity at birth, normally showed a sharp increase during the second week of life which was also largely in the holoenzyme portion. When the increasing weights of these tissues were considered, it became obvious that the total amount of apoenzyme as well as the amount of holoenzyme were increasing in the normally developing rat, although the greatest amount of the change was in the holoenzyme form.The liver normally showed a much more rapid increase in decarboxylase activity than did the brain, and showed the increase much earlier. The holoenzyme normally increased rapidly after the first 4 days, whereas the apoenzyme concentration levelled off at this time.The effect of the pyridoxine deficiency on decarboxylase activity was almost entirely on the holoenzyme form of the decarboxylase, since the apoenzyme form generally remained the same in the control and the deficient pups during development.There appeared to be no decarboxylase inhibitor present in pyridoxine deficient tissues, nor any evidence in control tissues for an enzyme required for the activation of the decarboxylase by cofactor.
IN VITRO RNA SYNTHESES BY INTACT RAT BRAIN NUCLEI1
Authors: Dutton G. R. , Mahler H. R. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract— The characteristics of DNA‐dependent RNA polymerase activity in intact rat cerebral cortex nuclei tested at low ionic strength are presented. The system was most dependent on the presence of spermidine and an ATP‐generating system and to a lesser extent on Mg2+ and K+ for maximal incorporation. Substitution of Mg2+ by Mn2+ or of K+ by Na+ resulted in substantially less activity than under the optimum conditions described. Maximal incorporation was about 10 per cent that of brain nuclear systems of high ionic strength.In addition, the labelling patterns of the in vitro RNA products were shown to be very similar to those found in vivo. The stability of isolated nuclei toward degradation of RNA synthetic capacity and products formed was much greater than that of a similar liver system.
ON THE SITE OF ACTION OF PHOSPHATIDE ACYL‐HYDROLASE ACTIVITY OF RAT BRAIN HOMOGENATES ON LECITHIN
Authors: WEBSTER G. R. , COOPER MARY 
Published: October 2006

Abstract— ‐The hydrolysis of 2‐ [14C]acyl‐labelled and [Me‐3H]choline‐labelled lecithins by rat brain homogenates has been studied. The acyl‐labelled substrate was hydrolysed with the production of both radioactive lysolecithin and radioactive free fatty acid in the proportions of 60 per cent and 40 per cent; traces of labelled mono‐ and diglyceride were also formed.In addition to radioactive lysolecithin the [3H]choline‐labelled lecithin also gave rise to much smaller amounts of radioactive water soluble derivatives, consisting almost entirely of free choline and phosphorylcholine with only traces of glycerylphosphorylcholine.The results provide evidence for the production of a mixture of 1‐ and 2‐acyl isomers of lysolecithin by phospholipase action in brain homogenates at pH 7·4, the latter predominating slightly.
THE EFFECT OF AMINO‐OXYACETIC ACID ON BRAIN CATECHOLAMINES
Authors: Buniatian H. Ch. , Yessaian N. H. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract— —Administration of amino‐oxyacetic acid (AOAA) to rats induced a pronounced decrease of midbrain norepinephrine (NE) and adrenal epinephrine (E) after 30 min, at which time the GABA level of midbrain had increased to 117 per cent of the initial value. The concentrations of NE in the pons‐medulla and of dopamine (DA) in the cerebral hemispheres were not changed.Further increases in brain GABA were accompanied by a rise of NE in midbrain and pons‐medulla beginning 1 hr after AOAA administration. A rise of cerebral DA level was observed only after 4 hr. Six hours after AOAA administration the levels of both NE and DA in brain were reduced.From the results of these and other studies, where administration of small amounts of GABA were shown to affect brain NE and serotonin levels, it is suggested that monoamines may be involved in the physiological action of GABA in the brain.
CONCENTRATION AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF CHOLESTERYL ESTERS OF NORMAL HUMAN BRAIN1
Authors: Alling C. , Svennerholm L. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract— —Cholesteryl esters were isolated from the cerebral cortex and white matter of human brains at different ages, and their concentration and composition determined.The esters were separated from other lipids by chromatography on silicic acid and finally purified by TLC. The fatty acids were converted to the methyl esters by alkaline trans‐methylation and analysed by GLC. A TLC method was elaborated for quantitative determination of small amounts of cholesteryl esters in the presence of free cholesterol.The concentration of cholesteryl esters was only 0·1–0·2 per cent of the total cholesterol content of cerebral tissue in older children and adults. During early myelination the concentration was many times greater, especially in the white matter but it never exceeded 2 per cent of the total cholesterol in any subject.The major fatty acids of human brain cholesteryl esters were oleic, palmitic, palmitoleic and arachidonic acid. After completion of myelination, arachidonic acid constituted the major fatty acid. There were fairly small differences in the fatty acid pattern of the cholesteryl esters between grey and white matter, but the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids was larger in the grey matter.Cholesteryl esters appear to play an important role in the metabolism of the phosphoglyceride fatty acids in cerebral tissue.