bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating immune complexes in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Tsai Jung‐Fa , Jeng Jen‐Eing , Chang Wen‐Yu , Ho Mei‐Shang , Lin Zu‐Yau , Tsai Juei‐Hsiung 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor assessing the role of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in chronic hepatitis C, the relative frequency of CIC was determined in 54 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 15 asymptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers, and 54 healthy controls. IgM and IgG containing CIC were studied using both Clq and conglutinin (K) in an immunoglobulin‐specific solid‐phase enzyme immunoassay. CIC were a common feature of chronic hepatitis C with 96.3% of patients with at least one abnormal test result. The prevalence of elevated IgG‐K, IgM‐K, IgG‐C1q, and IgM‐C1q CIC was 70.3%, 50.0%, 64.8%, and 35.1%, respectively. The prevalence of IgG class CIC was higher than IgM class CIC (P = 0.038 for K‐CIC and P = 0.01 for C1q‐CIC, respectively). There is correlation between IgG‐K CIC and IgG‐C1q CIC (r = 0.445, P= 0.0021, IgG‐K CIC and ISM‐Clq CIC (r = 0.348, P = 0.020). IgM‐K CIC and aspartic arninotransferase (r = 0.321, P= 0.015). IgM‐K CIC and alanine aminotransferase (r =0.301, P = 0.027). Compared to patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and chronic lobular hepatitis, patients with chronic active hepatitis have a higher prevalence of elevated IgG‐K CIC (77.2% vs. 40.0%, P = 0.029) and IgM‐K CIC (56.8% vs. 20.0%, P = 0.038). The concentration of IgG‐K, IgM‐K, and IgM‐C1q CIC in the former was significantly higher than that in the latter, respectively. In conclusion, IgG class CIC is the major type of CIC in chronic hepatitis C. Conglutinin‐binding CIC correlates with more severe tissue damage. CIC may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogenetically distinct hantavirus implicated in a case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Hjelle Brian , Krolikowski John , Torrez‐Martinez Norah , Chavez‐Giles Francesca , Vanner Cynthia , Laposata Elizabeth 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is an acute respiratory illness with high mortality. It is caused by a newly described New World hantavirus known as Four Corners virus (FCV). Nearly all cases of HPS have occurred in the western United States. The etiologic agents in those cases have been closely related to each other, based upon comparisons of their genetic sequences. We have molecularly cloned the S genomic segment of a hantavirus (RI‐1) implicated in a case on HPS in the northeastern United States. Nucleotide sequence analysis shows that the RI‐1 virus has many similarities to FCV, but is clearly distinct from the western forms of that virus. These data suggest that HPS can be caused by multiple agents that together form a distinctive evolutionary cIade. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation of black creek canal virus, a new hantavirus from Sigmodon hispidus in Florida
Authors: Rollin Pierre E. , Ksiazek Thomas G. , Elliott Luanne H. , Ravkov Eugene V. , Martin Mary Lane , Morzunov Sergey , Livingstone Walter , Monroe Marty , Glass Gregory , Ruo Sup , Khan Ali S. , Childs James E. , Nichol Stuart T. , Peters C. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNumerous rodents were trapped for serologic and virologic studies following the identification of a hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) case in Dade County, Florida. Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were the most frequently captured rodent and displayed the highest seroprevalence to a variety of hantavirus antigens. Hantavirus genome RNA was detected in all the seropositive cotton rats tested, using a reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay. A virus was isolated from tissues of two seropositive cotton rats by cultivation of lung and spleen homogenates on Vero E6 cells. Nucleotide sequence information obtained by direct RT‐PCR and the serologic relationships of this virus with the other hantaviruses indicate that this virus, Black Creek Canal virus, represents a new hantavirus distinct from the previously known serotypes. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined treatment with interferon alpha‐2b and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C in patients with a previous non‐response or non‐sustained response to interferon alone
Authors: Schvarcz R. , Yun Z. B. , Sönnerborg A. , Weiland O. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTen patients with chronic hepatitis C, six of whom had not responded and four of whom had responded in a non‐sustained fashion to interferon‐alpha treatment alone, were given interferon alpha‐2b and ribavirin in combination during 24 weeks. Interferon alpha‐2b was given subcutaneously, at a dose of 3 MU thrice weekly, together with ribavirin orally, at a dose of 1, 000‐1, 200 mg/day.All four patients with a prior non‐sustained response to interferon alone had normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels at the end of treatment as well as during follow‐up (⩾24 weeks post treatment). Furthermore, all four lost serum HCV‐RNA at the end of treatment and three continued to be negative during follow‐up. Among patients with a prior non‐response to interferon alone three of six had normal ALT levels at the end of treatment and one at follow‐up. Two of six became HCV‐RNA negative at cessation of treatment, one of whom was negative also at followup. All former non‐sustained responders and one of six non‐responder patients thus showed a sustained biochemical response with eradication of HCV‐RNA from serum in all cases but one.It is concluded that combination therapy with interferon alpha‐2b and ribavirin offers a chance of sustained biochemical resposne with eradication of the viremia in patients who have not shown a persistent response to interferon‐alpha alone. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of human herpesvirus 6 DNAs in samples from several body sites of patients with exanthem subitum and their mothers by polymerase chain reaction assay
Authors: Suga Sadao , Yazaki Takehiko , Kajita Yqji , Ozaki Takao , Asano Yoshizo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction amplification was used to detect human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) DNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs), plasma, saliva, stool, and urine from three patients with exanthem subitum and in peripheral blood MNCs, plasma, and saliva from their mothers. HHV‐6 DNAs were detected in MNCs during and after the disease and were found in plasma only in the acute phase. The virus DNAs were also detected in saliva after recovery from the illness and were found persistently or intermittently in stool but not in urine samples after the onset of the disease. In contrast, one of the three mothers excreted HHV‐6 DNAs persistently in saliva. None of the mothers had the virus DNAs in peripheral blood MNCs and plasma nor a significant increase in antibody titers to HHV‐6 after possible exposure from their children. These findings suggest systemic replication of HHV‐6 during the acute phase in patients with exanthem subitum and persistent infection of the virus in several organs after recovery from the disease. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persistent B19 parvovirus infections in hemophilic HIV‐1 infected patients
Authors: Musiani M. , Zerbini M. , Gentilomi G. , Rodorigo G. , De Rosa V. , Gibellini D. , Venturoli S. , Gallinella G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractB19 infection can be acquired by transmission with blood factors in patients with congenital bleeding disorders, requiring clotting factor concentrates. In immunodeficient patients, the failure of immunity to clear B19 virus may produce persistent infections. The presence of B19 DNA in blood samples from seven hemophilic patients with concomitant HIV‐1 infection was studied over a period of three‐to‐four years. Dot blot hybridization assays with DNA and RNA probes were used to detect medium high viremias, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect very low viremic titres. Three patients were negative for B19 DNA in all the blood samples, while four patients were persistently positive for B19 DNA. Viral persistence, which in one patient was detected throughout the study period (40 months), occurred at low titre in all four positive patients with some recurrent increases in viral titre. In the four patients persistently positive for B19 DNA, acute or chronic clinical symptoms and signs that could be associated with B19were not noted when virus was present at low titre (B19 DNA detectable only by PCR). When patients had a higher viral titre (B19 DNA detectable by dot blot hybridization) acute manifestations (aplastic crisis, Fifth disease, fevers, pneumonitis) were found. © 1995 Wiiey‐Liss, Inc. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peripheral lymphocytes of clinically non‐progressor patients harbor inactive and uninducible HIV proviruses
Authors: Garbuglia A. Rosa , Salvi Roberto , Caro Antonino Di , Montella Francesco , Di Sora Fiorella , Recchia Olga , Delfini Carlo , Benedetto Arrigo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe HIV viral burden and RNA expression in a selected group of infected, clinically non‐progressor patients were investigated. Five fast‐progressor patients and 10 AIDS cases were included as controls. The HIV viral load was investigated by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in adherent macrophages and in genomic and extragenomic fractions of lymphocytes. HIV DNA was not found in macrophages in the non‐progressor subjects, was weakly positive in 2 of 5 fast‐progressors and strongly positive in most of the AIDS patients. The number of HIV proviruses found in lymphocytes of the non‐progressor subjects varied from 5 to 160 copies/μg DNA, values ten times lower than those recorded in fast‐progressors and AIDS patients. The extragenomic HIV DNA (2 LTR forms) was absent or barely detectable in the lymphocytes from non‐progressors and abundant in the other groups. HIV RNA was not found in the lymphocytes of all non‐progressors. This may indicate that a latent state of HIV provirus exists in the lymphocytes of these subjects. To investigate this point, cultivation and stimulation with PHA (phytohemoagglutinin) and PMA (phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate) of lymphocytes from these subjects were attempted but after 6 days HIV RNA (RT‐PCR for gag region) was still absent or barely detectable in these patients. There are no other reports of the absence of HIV provirus induction in lymphocytes from infected individuals. If confirmed in a larger number of patients, such non‐inducibility might serve as a predictor marker of progression of the disease. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymerase chain reaction for rapid detection of ocular adenovirus infection
Authors: Morris D. J. , Bailey A. S. , Cooper R. J. , Turner P. C. , Jackson R. , Corbitt G. , Tullo A. B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAdenoviruses are associated with endemic and epidemic acute conjunctivitis, large nosocomial outbreaks reflecting virus transmission on unwashed hands or inadequately sterilised ophthalmic instruments. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) proved more sensitive than antigen detection by immune dot‐blot test for the rapid diagnosis of ocular adenovirus infection (sensitivities in a retrospective study 112/123 (91%) versus 72/123 (59%), P< 0.001). Indeed, in a prospective comparison, DNA amplification and virus isolation generated similar numbers of positive results (34 versus 32), though five PCR positive results were possibly false positives. The sensitivity of the PCR was largely independent of adenovirus subgenus or serotype, though reduced sensitivity with subgenus B strains could not be excluded. Specimen preparation for DNA amplification using a simple lysis buffer proved more effective than phenol‐chloroform extraction. The immune dot‐blot test gave unavoidable false positive results, but with the PCR this problem could be minimized by technical modifications. The PCR could replace antigen detection and virus isolation as the initial test for adenoviruses in conjunctival swabs, with cell culture only being retained for adenovirus serotyping in PCR positive specimens and for other viruses such as herpes simplex. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Varicella‐zoster virus assembly protein p32/p36 is present in DNA‐containing as well as immature capsids
Authors: Harper D. R. , Sanders E. A. , Ashcroft M. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVaricella‐zoster virus (VZV) produces a group of nucleocapsid proteins (the p32/p36 nucleoprotein complex) which are the VZV analogues of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) and cy0tomegalovirus (CMV) assembly proteins. There are multiple components in the VZV p32/p36 complex, with major proteins of 32 and 36 kDa and minor proteins of 34 and 38 kDa. In HSV‐1 the assembly proteins have been shown to be present in immature (B) capsids, but are removed prior to the formation of mature (C) capsids containing the viral DNA genome. Our work has shown that VZV produces capsids corresponding to the B and C forms. However, in contrast to HSV‐1, VZV also produces “B/C” capsids that appear to contain both the assembly proteins and the viral DNA genome. Possible mechanisms for this are discussed.In addition, it was shown that VZV capsids appear to lack the 36 and 38 kDa proteins, and based on this observation we suggest that these may represent unprocessed forms of the assembly protein.In both HSV and CMV, a much larger, crossreactive protein has been identified as the fulllength product of the gene coding for the assembly protein. The homologous VZV gene (ORF 33) theoretically has the capacity to produce a 66 kDa protein. However, no such protein is readily apparent in VZV‐infected cells. The presence of an immunoreactive 64 kDa protein was demonstrated in purified VZV capsids which may represent the full‐length ORF 33 protein. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis E virus infection in hemophiliacs
Authors: Barzilai Asher , Schulman Sam , Karetnyi Yuory V. , Favorov Michael O. , Levin Edit , Mendelson Ella , Weiss Peretz , Fields Howard A. , Varon David , Martinowitz Uri 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIsrael is endemic for hepatitis E virus (HEV), the causative agent of enteric non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. Transmission is via the feco‐oral route but the possibility of transmission through blood transfusion has been raised. This question was addressed by examining sera from 188 hemophilic patients in Israel. screening was performed with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for antibody against hepatitis E virus (anti‐HEV) and confirmed with a neutralization test. Sixteen patients (9%) were seropositive for anti‐HEV. A statistically significant difference was not found between the seroprevalence in this group and that of a healthy Israeli control population, matched for sex and age. The anti‐HEV‐seropositive hemophiliacs had the same seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B and C virus and to HIV and the same number of cases with chronic hepatitis as among the anti‐HEV‐seronegative patients. The seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus (anti‐HAV) was, on the other hand, higher in the anti‐HEV‐seropositive group. This study indicates that HEV is not transmitted by cryopre‐cipitate or lyophilized factor concentrates. High prevalence of coinfection with hepatitis A supports our conclusion that HEV infection in Israeli hemophiliacs was due mainly to feco‐oral transmission. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutations of some critical amino acid residues in the hepatitis B virus surface antigen
Authors: Bruce Sandra A. , Murray Kenneth 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAmino acid substitutions at several positions in the surface antigen (HBsAg) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in natural isolates and the products of recombinant DNA molecules have identified important residues for cross‐reaction with specific antibodies (anti‐HBs) and the induction of antibodies with certain serological specificities. In a further group of mutants described here, cysteine residues in a region believed to be significant of the a epitope have been changed to serines. Of the three adjacent cysteine residues at positions 137, 138 and 139, mutation of either of the flanking residues reduced cross‐reactivity with polyclonal anti‐HBs, while alteration of the central residue was relatively well‐tolerated. Mutation of cysteine 149 to serine or of glycine 145 to arginine (imitating naturally occurring mutants), lysine, or glutamatic acid all led to loss of cross‐reactivity with polyclonal antisera. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Semiquantitative anti‐HBc IgM detection in children with chronic hepatitis B: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Gaeta G. B. , Nardiello S. , Pizzella T. , Russo G. , Maisto A. , Sardaro C. , Galanti B. , Giusti G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSerum anti‐HBc IgM titres were monitored monthly by a semiquantitative method in 14 children with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B followed up for 18‐65 months. All patients, but one, were treated with alfa‐interferon (IFN) at different times. On the whole, 12 flare‐up episodes were observed and 7 patients cleared HBV‐DNA and seroconverted to anti‐HBe. Seroconversion occurred only in patients with pretreatment anti‐HBc IgM index greater than 0.15 and serum HBV‐DNA concentration below 100 pg/ml; the pretreatment alanine aminotransferase (ALT) value was not predictive of response. Combining anti‐HBc IgM results and serum HBV‐DNA levels observed during the pre‐IFN period allowed a precise identification of patients who were likely to respond to IFN therapy.Patients who seroconverted to anti‐HBe showed a progressive reduction in serum anti‐HBc IgM titres within 6 months. Interestingly, one child, in whom HBV‐DNA reappeared andwho reconverted to HBeAg 7 months after treatment, showed no anti‐HBc IgM decrease afterthe transient clearance of HBV‐DNA and anti‐HBe seroconversion. Semiquantitative anti‐HBcIgM detection is a useful tool in the decision making process for children with chronic hepatitis B. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic susceptibility to herpetic encephalitis of inbred rabbits of B/Jas strain
Authors: Seto Akira , Morikawa Shigehiro , Isono Takahiro , Ogawa Katsuhiko , Inubushi Toshiro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInbred rabbits of B/Jas strain were found to be highly susceptible to herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis, following i.v. injection of the virus, while Chbb:HM strain rabbits were not susceptible. The susceptibility trait seemed to be inherited recessively, involving multiple genes, because (B/Jas x Chbb:HM)Fl hybrids were as resistant as Chbb:HM rabbits, and because more than 90% of backcrosses of (B/Jas x Chbb: HM)FI to B/Jas were resistant to viral inoculation. The encephalitis in B/Jas rabbits resembled human herpes simplex encephalitis, in that the temporal lobe as well as the brain stem were affected preferentially, leading to the development of various types of seizures, such as circling, loss of balance leading to a fall, and tonic and clonic convulsions. The disease could be diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis before onset of seizures, and diseased rabbits showed a marked lymphopenia at onset of seizures. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral brivudin vs. intravenous acyclovir in the treatment of herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients: A randomized double‐blind trial
Authors: Wutzler Peter , De Clercq Eric , Wutke Klaus , Färber Inge 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe efficacy of oral brivudin vs. intravenous acyclovir was compared in a randomized multicentered study under double‐blind conditions using the double‐dummy technique. Forty‐eight patients with a herpes zoster rash less than 72 hours in duration were entered in the study. Brivudin was given as one 125‐mg tablet every 6 hours. Acyclovir was infused over 1 hour at a dose of 10 mg/kg every 8 hours. Treatment was continued for 5 days. There was no significant difference between the treatment groups when analyzed in terms of new lesion formation, increase in the area of rash within the primary dermatome, cutaneous dissemination, and affection of mucous membranes or visceral organs. Both treatment regimes were also equally effective in the time to full crusting of lesions. Oral brivudin and intravenous acyclovir were well tolerated by most patients. There was no need to interrupt the treatment in any case. As effective as intravenous acyclovir in the treatment of herpes zoster, oral brivudin offers the potential for outpatient treatment of herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatal illness associated with a new hantavirus in Louisiana
Authors: Khan Ali S. , Spiropoulou Christina F. , Morzunov Sergey , Zaki Sherif R. , Kohn Melvin A. , Nawas Soheir R. , McFarland Louise , Nichol Stuart T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA fatal case of hantaviral illness occurred in Louisiana, outside of the range of P. maniculatus, the rodent reservoir for Sin Nombre virus. Hantavirus RNA and antigens were detected in patient autopsy tissues, and nucleotide sequence analysis of amplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products identified a newly recognized unique hantavirus, provisionally named Bayou virus. Prominent features of the clinical illness are compatible with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), but several features such as renal insufficiency and intraalveolar hemorrhage are more compatible with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a disease associated with Eurasian hantaviruses. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis C virus seroconversion rate in established blood donors
Authors: Atrah H. I. , Hutchinson F. , Gough D. , Ala F. A. , Ahmed M. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe results of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody test of 237, 813 blood donations collected from 143, 815 donors by the West Midlands Blood Transfusion Centre in 1993 were analyzed retrospectively in order to determine the seroconversion rate among established previously anti‐HCV negative donors. Three hundred sixteen (0.22%; 1 in 455) donors were positive by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening test and 34 (0.024%; 1 in 4, 230) donors were positive by ELISA and the Recombinant Immuno Blot Assay (RIBA). Three donors previously negative for HCV antibody reacted positively by both tests. The annual seroconversion rate was calculated as one in 35, 937 donors. This figure argues against limitation of HCV antibody screening to new blood donors. A further 45 donors negative on previous screening reacted positively by ELISA and were indeterminate by RIBA. Unexpectedly, lapsed blood donors first tested for HCV antibody in 1993 had high positive reaction rates by ELSA and RIBA, which was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than those of new donors. RIBA‐positive reaction rate among ELISA‐positive donors was significantly higher amongst males than females (P < 0.0011. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.