bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial nerve trauma: Optimal timing for repair
Authors: Barrs David M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDue to the uncertainty of optimal timing for facial nerve repair after severe trauma, a study was designed to investigate facial nerve repair in micro‐pigs by grafting at intervals after nerve transection ranging from 0 to 90 days. Following adequate time for regeneration, it was possible to electrically stimulate across the nerve graft in all animals. No significant difference existed between operative groups for electrophysiologic testing. Axon counts demonstrated a trend toward a lower regeneration rate in more delayed grafts. This trend and the ease of grafting with less scar and nerve stump resection suggest that the best results may be obtained with grafting as early as possible. Grafting at 21 days, the peak of neuron cell‐body metabolic activity, did not produce better results. Since statistically significant differences do not exist between individual groups, grafting several months after trauma can be successful, if medically necessary.
Wide vertical hemipharyngolaryngectomy with immediate glottic and pharyngeal reconstruction using a radial forearm free flap: Preliminary results
Authors: Chantrain Gilbert , Deraemaecker Rika , Andry Guy , Dor Pierre 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe propose a new technique of wide vertical hemipharyngolaryngectomy which combines resection of laterally localized extended pharyngolaryngeal tumors with immediate microsurgical reconstruction using a radial forearm free flap, including the tendon of the palmaris longus. It eliminates the limitations of resections, which are usually performed to avoid closure difficulties of the resulting defect.In addition, the new technique avoids the use of tumor‐neighboring structures for closure, fulfilling the oncological principles of surgery performed in this region.Our preliminary results show good restored deglutition and phonation. Postoperative irradiation does not seem to affect these results.
How i do it: Head and neck and plastic surgery: A targeted problem and its solution a method for the treatment of abductor spasmodic dysphonia with botulinum toxin injections: A preliminary report
Authors: Rontal Michael , Rontal Eugene , Rolnick Michael , Merson Richard , Silverman Bruce , Truong Daniel D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA preliminary technical report of the effective treatment of abductor spasmodic dysphonia with botulinum toxin is presented. Our technique attempts to place the toxin close to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle to allow diffusion of the material to the PCA. Our pilot study demonstrates that botulinum toxin is an effective approach for reducing or eliminating the abductor glottal spasms during phonation and, thereby, providing functional speech communication.
Cis‐Platinum ototoxicity in children
Authors: Weatherly Robert A. , Owens Judith J. , Catlin Francis I. , Mahoney Donald H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDespite the recognized ototoxicity of cis‐platinum, a clinical outline for the audiologic evaluation of patients receiving this drug has not been clearly defined. In a practical approach to this problem, the audiograms of 48 pediatric patients referred for monitoring during planned cis‐platinum therapy were reviewed. Eleven patients tested with auditory brainstem response (ABR) audiometry demonstrated several limitations of this modality. Fourteen children underwent initial ABR testing followed by at least two pure‐tone audiograms. The remaining 23 patients had their hearing evaluated by pure‐tone audiometry only. Various factors such as patient age, cis‐platinum dosage, and cranial radiation exposure were analyzed for apparent effect. Younger patients tended to be more susceptible to audiologic changes with the administration of cis‐platinum. The proportion of patients who demonstrated a hearing loss increased with successive dosing as did the severity of the hearing loss. Prior exposure to cranial radiation was strongly linked to the development of hearing loss following cis‐platinum therapy. Guidelines are presented regarding the use of clinical audiometry in the screening of these pediatric oncology patients.
Repair of peripheral nerves of unequal diameters
Authors: Hinckley Daniel K. , Lyles C. Alan , Mattox Douglas E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFour techniques for anastomosis were investigated for the anastomosis of a large proximal segment to a smaller distal segment of rat peripheral nerve with a size disparity of approximately 3 to 1. The techniques were perineural sutures (group I), KTP laser annealing (group II), collagen tubes with a 5‐mm gap between the nerve segments (group III), and collagen tubes without a gap between the nerve ends (group IV).At 6 weeks there were no gross nerve distractions in groups I or IV. There were two failures in group II and three in group III. The percentage of fibers that crossed intact anastomoses were: group I, 89%; group II, 75%; group III, 115%; group IV, 125% (P<.05 for the collagen tube repairs).Our results indicate that the suture technique is still the most reliable method of nerve repair. However, collagen tubes were effective in increasing the percentage of axons crossing the anastomosis.
Revision stapes surgery
Authors: Farrior Jay , Sutherland Alan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWith the decline in primary cases of otosclerosis surgery, revision stapes operations are becoming a higher percentage of otosclerosis practice. Are the results from revision stapes surgery today comparable with those of surgeons trained prior to the present decline? A retrospective review of 559 consecutive stapes operations performed by the author revealed 109 revision operations. A retrospective review of these cases reveals that the most common cause for revision surgery was displaced prostheses and incus necrosis. The hearing results are dependent on the surgical pathology. In this series, the air‐bone gap was closed to less than 10 dB in 58% of cases, there were 64% of cases of displaced prostheses, and 57% of cases of incus necrosis, which is comparable with previously reported studies.
Ototoxicity of furosemide during development
Authors: Rybak Leonard P. , Whitworth Craig , Scott Vernedra , Weberg Aruna 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe rat is an altricial animal which serves as a useful model for human auditory development. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of furosemide on cochlear function and the stria vascularis ultrastructure at various postnatal ages. Rat pups anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride/xylazine hydrochloride received furosemide 35 mg/kg intravenously (IV), and the endocochlear potential and compound action potential of the eighth nerve were recorded. The stria vascularis was removed and prepared for transmission electron microscopy. Rat pups 9 to 28 days of age had a much greater reduction of endocochlear potential and elevation of the compound action potential threshold than animals older than 30 days. These physiologic changes were accompanied by edema of the stria on transmission electron microscopy only in animals at susceptible ages. These findings support the concept of a critical period of susceptibility to ototoxic drugs during development and could have important clinical implications in premature infants.
Chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine versus dihematoporphyrin ether: Early vascular events in the rat window chamber
Authors: Stern Scott J. , Flock Stephen , Small Susan , Thomsen Sharon , Jacques Steve 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe development of a simple and well‐tolerated rat window chamber has allowed direct comparison of the vascular effects of two photosensitizers, chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine (CASP) and dihematoporphyrin ether (DHE).CASP and DHE were given 4 days after the implantation of the window chamber. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with CASP was performed 24 hours after intravenous injection (10 mg/kg) with light at 675 nm (power density 200 mW/cm2, incident energy 100 J). DHE was given in a similar fashion (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally; light at 630 nm with matching power density and energy settings 24 hours after injection).Using videomicroscopic and integrating sphere measurements, marked differences were noted in the vascular effects of these photosensitizers. DHE caused immediate hemorrhage and disruption of the postcapillary venules, while CASP induced vascular spasm starting 4 hours after the completion of PDT. Forty‐eight hours after PDT, both systems demonstrated a loss of chamber‐induced neovascularization.
Physiologic motion after vocal cord reinnervation: A preliminary study
Authors: Green David C. , Berke Gerald S. , Graves Michael C. , Natividad Manuel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study attempted to reestablish physiologic vocal cord motion, rather than synkinesis, to a rein‐nervated vocal cord. One mongrel dog underwent a division and reanastomosis of the anterior branch of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve and simultaneous separation and reimplantation of a posterior division nerve‐muscle pedicle into the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. After 21 weeks, spontaneous physiologic vocal cord movement and electromyographic (EMG) activity were recorded during respiratory obstruction and laryngeal mechanical stimulation. Acoustic measures and histologic data are also presented from the reinnervated and normal vocalis muscle and from the recurrent laryngeal nerve. This study demonstrated that physiologic vocal cord motion can be achieved after laryngeal reinnervation using this technique.
Nucleolar organizer regions in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Hirsch Steven M. , Ducanto James , Caldarelli David D. , Hutchinson James C. , Coon John S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNucleolar organizer regions are collections of nucleolar proteins associated with ribosomal genes that can be visualized in histologic sections using a silver colloid stain, thus the term silver‐staining nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR). In some tissues, the number of AgNORs per nucleus correlates with cellular proliferation and, independently, with malignant change. AgNORs were studied in 66 paraffin‐embedded head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and in 12 samples of normal tonsillar squamous epithelium. Carcinomas had a significantly higher mean AgNOR count than the benign epithelium (P <.0001). Among carcinomas, mean AgNOR count increased with stage of the disease (P <.001), but there was no significant correlation with histologic grade or DNA ploidy as determined by flow cytometry. These data suggest that AgNOR count should be evaluated as a possible aid in differentiating benign from malignant squamous epithelial proliferations in the head and neck, and also possibly as a prognostic marker in these carcinomas.
Analysis of risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications in head and neck surgery
Authors: Rao Mohan K. , Reilley Thomas E. , Schuller David E. , Young Donn C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPreoperative pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are unproven in their predictive value for postoperative pulmonary complications. There is a lack of prospective outcome studies upon which to form an opinion, particularly regarding noncavitary surgery.1 Seventy‐three head and neck surgery patients were prospectively evaluated with preoperative PFTs, arterial blood gas analysis (ABG), medical history, and physical examination. Age, anesthesia duration, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak flow (PF), PaO2, Roizen class, and pack years of smoking were significantly correlated with postoperative pulmonary complications. As similar studies in head and neck surgery patients have not been previously taken, it is hoped that these results will serve as a basis for future endeavors.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: Effect on middle ear and eustachian tube function
Authors: Fernau James L. , Hirsch Barry E. , Derkay Craig , Ramasastry Sai , Schaefer Susan E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) involves intermittent inhalation of 100% oxygen under a pressure greater than 1 atm. It is an important mode of adjuvant therapy for disease processes such as decompression sickness, osteomyelitis, carbon monoxide poisoning, and poorly healing wounds. Patients undergoing this therapy often complain of ear pain and/or fullness which can be transient or long standing. This prospective study objectively measured the changes in eustachian tube function before and after HBO treatment in 33 adult patients by the 9‐step inflation‐deflation test described by Bluestone. The results show 15 of the 33 patients (45%) had evidence of eustachian tube dysfunction after treatment was initiated. Of these, 15 (100%) developed the sensation of fullness, 13 (87%) developed serous otitis media, and 7 (47%) required tympanostomy tubes.The overall incidence of middle ear problems was 27 patients (82%) experiencing a sensation of fullness, 17 (52%) developing serous otitis media, and 8 (24%) requiring tympanostomy tubes. The middle ear complications reported in this study are much higher than those in previous reports in the literature. Twelve of 33 patients presented with a subjective history of eustachian tube dysfunction, and all 12 (100%) developed fullness in their ears and serous otitis media during the course of the treatment. The findings reveal that patients manifesting eustachian tube dysfunction after their first HBO treatment were at significantly greater risk toward developing symptoms of fullness and serous otitis media, often requiring tympanostomy tube placement. In addition, a history of eustachian tube dysfunction accurately predicted the development of fullness and serous otitis media.
Nuclear morphometry and stereology in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Reifen Ella , Noyek Arnold M. , Mullen J. Brendan M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe prognostic value of nuclear morphometry in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was investigated in 28 patients. Seven morphometric nuclear variables were measured on 100 randomly selected tumor cells in nasopharyngeal biopsies from 18 patients with NPC confined to the nasopharynx. The same variables were measured in 6 patients with metastatic NPC, as well as in lymph node biopsies from 4 patients with metastatic NPC. Nuclear area, nuclear perimeter, long and short nuclear axes, nuclear form factor, nucleolar area, and the ratio of nucleolar area to nuclear area were all measured. Volume‐weighted mean nuclear volume was also obtained.Tumor cells from patients with NPC confined to the nasopharynx had significantly larger mean nuclear areas, perimeters, and volume‐weighted mean nuclear volumes but significantly smaller nucleolar to nuclear area ratios than tumor cells from patients with nodal metastases. Assessment of nuclear form factor and diameters did not differentiate the two groups.
Vasoactive therapy versus placebo in the treatment of sudden hearing loss: A double‐blind clinical study
Authors: Kronenberg Jona , Almagor Moshe , Bendet Erez , Kushnir Dana 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwenty‐seven patients suffering from sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a treatment group (n = 13) receiving intravenous procaine and low‐molecular‐weight dextran, and a placebo control group (n = 14). The effect of treatment was analyzed by means of an analysis of variance and covariance procedures. Results indicated nonsignificant differences between the groups on all outcome indices measured. Sex, age, time since the onset of symptoms to the initiation of therapy, audiogram configuration, and initial severity of hearing loss did not significantly affect the results. These findings suggest that the therapeutic effects of this vasodilator are not superior to a placebo.
The controversial treatment of anterior commissure carcinoma of the larynx
Authors: Zohar Yuval , Rahima Menashe , Shvili Yitschak , Talmi Yoav P. , Lurie Hedy 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThere are two basic approaches to the appropriate therapy for carcinoma of the anterior commissure. The dilemma of whether to treat by primary irradiation or by conservative surgery is not yet solved. In this study, 67 patients were treated between 1967 and 1987 for anterior commissure carcinoma of the larynx. Radiation was used with 47 patients and conservation surgery with 20 patients. Initial lesion control was achieved with 72% of the patients treated by primary irradiation. Conservation surgery, when used as a primary treatment modality, achieved local control in 90% of the patients. The new techniques of reconstruction of the larynx enhance the surgeon's ability, strengthen his conviction to proceed to enlarged partial laryngectomies, and thus improve the oncologic control of the anterior commissure carcinoma as well.
Laser dyes for experimental phototherapy of human cancer: Comparison of three rhodamines
Authors: Haghighat Shaghayegh , Castro Dan J. , Lufkin Robert B. , Fetterman Harold R. , Castro Donna J. , Soudant Jacques , Ward Paul H. , Saxton Romaine E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe mitochondrial dye Rhodamine 123 (Rh‐123) has been shown to be an effective photosensitizer for argon‐laser irradiation of some types of human cancer cells in vitro. We reported that 514.5‐nm laser illumination of Rh‐123 sensitized human melanoma, and squamous carcinoma cells strongly inhibited tumor‐cell proliferation as measured by decreased3H‐thymidine (3H‐T) uptake in vitro and may eradicate some tumors when grown as transplants in nude mice. However, several other human tumors were resistant to Rh‐123 laser therapy in vitro and in vivo. In the current study, it was possible to obtain 100‐ to 1000‐fold increased sensitivity to 514.5‐nm laser illumination by replacement of Rh‐123 with the cationic rhodamine dyes Rh‐3G and Rh‐6G. Cell viability was decreased over 95% and3H‐T incorporation reduced at least 80% by laser phototherapy after sensitizing tumor cells with 1 μg/mL Rh‐123, 0.01 μg/mL Rh‐3G, or 0.001 μg/mL Rh‐6G. However, Rh‐123 alone did not decrease3H‐T uptake significantly unless present at over 10‐ to 100‐fold higher levels than Rh‐3G, respectively. The tumor cell dye uptake level was measured by N‐butanol extraction and absorption scans at 400 to 600 nm. The results revealed that dye uptake was more rapid, and retention of Rh‐3G and Rh‐6G was 5‐ to 10‐fold higher than for Rh‐123 in the human tumor cells. The data suggest that Rh‐3G and Rh‐6G may be highly sensitive chromophores for laser phototherapy of human cancer cells.
Different options for treatment of inverting papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses: A report of 41 cases
Authors: Dolgin Sanford R. , Zaveri Vijay D. , Casiano Roy R. , Maniglia Anthony J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractForty‐two cases of inverting papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses were reviewed from 1972 to 1989. Forty‐one patients underwent surgical excision. Of those patients followed up for at least 6 months, lateral rhinotomy was performed in 14 patients and midfacial degloving in 9 patients. The recurrence rates were 29% and 22%, respectively. The other 10 patients underwent excision through an external ethmoidectomy, Caldwell‐Luc operation, or intranasal approach.There were five patients (12%) diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma associated with inverting papilloma. The correlation of malignancy with proptosis, visual changes, infraorbital hypesthesia, and skull base involvement on presenting symptomatology is noted.Inverting papilloma is a benign neoplastic lesion that shows variable aggressiveness. A computed tomography (CT) scan evaluation is very important for the work‐up. An aggressive wide surgical excision is best performed through an open approach. The approach for surgical removal should be based on the location and extension of the lesion. A graduating approach from a lesser to a more major excision is advocated even though a risk exists of having to reoperate in about one fifth of the patients who experience a recurrence. A secondary surgical excision, even with craniofacial resection, is essential to eradicate disease in cases of recurrence. Close follow‐up is necessary. Further surgery may be indicated. Postoperative radiation therapy is recommended if malignancy is indeed present.
Surgical considerations in tracheal stenosis
Authors: Anand Vinod K. , Alemar Gilberto , Warren E. Taliaferro 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrom 1969 to 1990, 43 patients with tracheal stenosis were treated at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. Seventy‐four percent of these patients (n = 32) had intrinsic tracheal stenosis, most frequently as a complication of prolonged endotracheal trauma. A total of 41 distinctly separate stenotic segments were identified in the 32 patients. The stenoses were considered moderate or severe in 33 (80%) of the 41 cases and the length of the stenotic segment was greater than 1 cm in 23 (56%) of the cases. An overall 70% success rate was achieved following 93 surgical procedures in this group. The concurrent presence of glottic/subglottic stenosis, multiple segments of stenosis, bilateral vocal cord paralysis, tracheoesophageal fistula, and a tendency to marked hypertrophic scar formation were found to be significant factors in the surgical management of this patient group.
Postoperative Radiographic Evaluation After Acoustic Neuroma and Glomus Jugulare Tumor Removal
Authors: Thedinger Britt A. , Glasscock Michael E. , Cueva Roberto A. , Jackson C. Gary 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe role of postoperative radiographic follow‐up of patients after acoustic neuroma or glomus jugulare tumor removal is unclear and not standardized. The incidence of both lesions is rare and recurrence thought to be unusual. However, a patient with an acoustic neuroma arising in the same ear afflicted with a glomus jugulare tumor removed 5 years earlier prompted a retrospective review of 999 acoustic neuroma and 98 glomus jugulare tumor patients. This review helps to determine the role and frequency of postoperative follow‐up, not only to assess recurrence of these lesions but to monitor for the possible development of potential clinically silent new lesions.
The intramuscular nerve supply of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle of the dog
Authors: Diamond Andrew Jay , Goldhaber Neil , Wu Bei Lian , Biller Hugh , Sanders Ira 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe paired posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle has three separate muscle bellies that differ in muscle fiber type (percentage of fast vs. slow twitch) and electromyelographic activity, and, in addition, produce different movements of the arytenoids when stimulated. An investigation of the innervation of the muscle was undertaken to demonstrate the existence of separate functional units.The intramuscular nerve supply of the PCA from five sacrificed dogs were microdissected. The intramuscular nerves of three additional dogs were removed and stained for acetylcholinesterase, which differentiates axons bound for fast‐ and slow‐twitch muscle, and sensory end organs.Three separate fascicles are described entering the PCA muscle from a single branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The three fascicles differ in axon type composition and in sensory, autonomic, and motor percentages, with the ratio of fast twitch to slow twitch varying from 0.78 to 1.5 to 1.7 (P <.05). This variation supports separate functional capabilities for the three muscle bellies of the PCA.