bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective baseline measurement of self-reported health status and health-related quality of life versus population norms in the evaluation of post-injury losses
Authors: Watson W L , Ozanne-Smith J , Richardson J 
Published: February 2007

Background:Owing to the difficulty in prospectively measuring pre-injury health status and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in an injured cohort, population norms or retrospective baseline scores are often used as comparators for evaluating post-injury losses. However, there has been little discussion in the literature or research into the soundness of these approaches for this purpose.Objectives:To investigate the appropriateness of the retrospectively measured baseline health status and HRQL in an injured population for the purpose of evaluating post-injury losses.Methods:A cohort of injured admitted to hospital (n = 186) was followed up for 12 months after injury. Retrospectively measured pre-injury health status and HRQL scores were compared with those at 12 months after injury for participants who reported complete recovery (n = 61) and those who did not. Retrospective baseline scores for the whole cohort were also compared with Australian population norms.Results:For participants who completely recovered, no significant difference was observed between scores at baseline (measured retrospectively) and those at 12 months after injury (36-item Short Form Questionnaire physical component summary z = −1.274, p = 0.203; 36-item Short Form Questionnaire mental component summary z = −1.634, p = 0.102; Short Form 6 Dimensions: z = −1.405, p = 0.296). A borderline significant difference was observed in HRQL as measured by the Assessment of Quality of Life (z = −1.970, p = 0.049). Retrospectively measured pre-injury scores were consistently higher than Australian norms for all measures.Conclusions:The injured population may not be representative of the general population. Consequently, retrospective baseline measurement of pre-injury health states may be more appropriate than general population norms for the purpose of evaluating post-injury losses in this population.
Evaluation of the health effects of the new driving penalty point system in the Lazio Region, Italy, 2001–4
Authors: Farchi Sara , Chini Francesco , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Camilloni Laura , Borgia Piero , Guasticchi Gabriella 
Published: February 2007

Objective:The penalty point system was introduced in Italy in June 2003. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health effects of this legislation in the Lazio region.Methods:Poisson models were used to compare emergency department visits, hospitalizations and death between the pre-law and post-law periods (July 2001–June 2003; July 2003–June 2004).Results:The emergency department visit rate ratio (RR) of the two periods was 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86 to 0.88); the corresponding hospital admission RR was 0.87 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.9). The death RR was 0.93 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.05).Conclusion:After the legislation was introduced, there were fewer visits to the emergency department, hospitalizations and death from road traffic injuries. However, the effect was lower than expected, and it decreased over time.
Occupational physical demands and same-level falls resulting in fracture in female workers: an analysis of workers’ compensation claims
Authors: Verma S K , Sorock G S , Pransky G S , Courtney T K , Smith G S 
Published: February 2007

Objectives:To examine the association between occupational physical demands and risk of same-level falls resulting in fracture in female workers’ compensation claimants.Methods:From workers’ compensation claims for same-level falls, 7286 female workers from three age groups (18–49, 50–59 and 60–79 years) were randomly selected. Levels of occupational physical activity, standing and sitting were assigned using occupational codes. Fracture occurrence was determined using the International Classification of Diseases codes. Risks of same-level falls resulting in fracture were compared by quartiles of physical activity, standing and sitting.Results:In the 18–49-year age group, physical activity, standing and sitting at work were not significantly associated with risk of same-level falls resulting in fracture (p value trend: 0.07, 0.18 and 0.10, respectively). In the 50–59 and 60–79-year age groups, increasing duration of standing and decreasing duration of sitting were associated with decreasing risk of same-level falls resulting in fracture (p value trend: standing <0.001, 0.01; sitting <0.001, 0.02). In the 50–59-year age group, the relative risks of same-level falls resulting in fracture were 0.53, 0.41 and 0.82 for the second, third and highest quartiles of physical activity, respectively, as compared with workers in the lowest quartile (95% confidence interval 0.35 to 0.80, 0.23 to 0.72, 0.56 to 1.21, respectively). In the 60–79-year age group, there was a similar, but not significant, U-shaped association between occupational physical activity and risk of same-level falls resulting in fracture.Conclusion:Moderate occupational physical demands may be associated with a decreased risk of same-level fall resulting in fracture in female workers’ compensation claimants ⩾50 years of age.
Quality of hospital discharge data for injury prevention
Authors: Langley John D , Davie Gabrielle S , Simpson Jean C 
Published: February 2007

Objective:To examine the use of unspecified codes for the circumstances of injury for New Zealand public hospital discharges at a district health board (DHB) level.Methods:Hospital injury discharges for the period 2000–3 were examined. The use of the International Classification of Diseases unspecified categories was examined for mechanism of injury, activity and place of occurrence.Results:For all DHBs, the combined age-adjusted and mechanism-adjusted usage of unspecified mechanism codes was 7% and ranged from 3% to 11%. Most (57%) of these cases were unspecified falls. The comparable usage for activity was 39% and ranged from 17% to 52%, and for place of occurrence the respective figures were 23% and 7–36%. Only 50% of hospital discharges were completely specified in terms of mechanism of injury, activity and place of occurrence; this varied from 36% to 74% between DHBs. For several DHBs a significant degree of inconsistency was found in performance across mechanism, activity and place of occurrence coding.Conclusions:Those DHBs with a high proportion of cases coded as unspecified would serve the prevention efforts of their communities better by making efforts to determine the cause of this situation and implement measures to reduce the problem.
The US gun stock: results from the 2004 national firearms survey
Authors: Hepburn L , Miller M , Azrael D , Hemenway D 
Published: February 2007

Objectives:To examine the size and composition of the privately held firearm stock in the US; and to describe demographic patterns of firearm ownership and motivations for ownership.Design, setting and participants:A nationally representative household telephone survey of 2770 adults aged ⩾18 years living in the US, conducted in the spring of 2004.Main outcome measure:Responses to questions regarding firearm ownership, the number and types of guns owned, and motivations for ownership.Results:38% of households and 26% of individuals reported owning at least one firearm. This corresponds to 42 million US households with firearms, and 57 million adult gun owners. 64% of gun owners or 16% of American adults reported owning at least one handgun. Long guns represent 60% of the privately held gun stock. Almost half (48%) of all individual gun owners reported owning ⩾4 firearms. Men more often reported firearm ownership, with 45% stating that they personally owned at least one firearm, compared with 11% for women.Conclusions:The US population continues to contain at least one firearm for every adult, and ownership is becoming increasingly concentrated. Long guns are the most prevalent type of gun in the US but handgun ownership is widespread. Ownership demographic patterns support findings of previous studies.
How many employees receive safety training during their first year of a new job?
Authors: Smith Peter M , Mustard Cameron A 
Published: February 2007

Objective:To describe the provision of safety training to Canadian employees, specifically those in their first year of employment with a new employer.Design:Three repeated national Canadian cross-sectional surveys.Subjects:59 159 respondents from Statistics Canada’s Workplace and Employee Surveys (1999, 2001 and 2003), 5671 who were in their first year of employment.Main outcome:Receiving occupational health and safety training, orientation training or office or non-office equipment training in either a classroom or on-the-job in the previous 12 months.Results:Only 12% of women and 16% of men reported receiving safety training in the previous 12 months. Employees in their first 12 months of employment were more likely to receive safety training than employees with >5 years of job tenure. However, still only one in five new employees had received any safety training while with their current employer. In a fully adjusted regression model, employees who had access to family and support programs, women in medium-sized workplaces and in manufacturing, and men in large workplaces and in part-time employment all had an increased probability of receiving safety training. No increased likelihood of safety training was found in younger workers or those in jobs with higher physical demands, both of which are associated with increased injury risk.Conclusions:From our results, it would appear that only one in five Canadian employees in their first year of a new job received safety training. Further, the provision of safety training does not appear to be more prevalent among workers or in occupations with increased risk of injuries.
A Qualitative Study of Patients' Perceptions of a ‘Minimal’ Psychological Therapy
Authors: Macdonald Wendy , Mead Nicola , Bower Peter , Richards David , Lovell Karina 
Published: February 2007

Background: Access to psychological therapy is often difficult. Problems with access may be overcome through ‘minimal interventions’ (such as books and computer programs), which encourage self-help for mental health problems and are less dependent on the availability of specialist therapists. However, to be effective, such interventions must be acceptable to patients. Aims: To use qualitative methods to explore patient attitudes, by examining patient expectancies of psychological therapy and their experiences with a ‘minimal intervention’ (guided self-help). Methods: Qualitative interviews ( N = 24) were conducted with patients after they had received guided self-help for depression as part of a randomised controlled trial. Results: There were important gaps between patients' expectancies of psychological therapy and their experience of the guided self-help. These gaps related to the process of therapy (e.g. time, professional expertise) and outcomes. Particularly salient was a theme relating to explanatory models. Patients were often seeking insight into the ‘cause’ of their current difficulties, whereas the minimal intervention was largely focused on symptom resolution. Conclusions: The effective implementation of ‘minimal interventions’ requires an understanding of the expectancies of patients concerning psychological therapy, in order to provide a basis for effective communication and negotiation between professionals and patients.
Relationships between Social Functioning and Quality of Life in a Population of Dutch Adult Psychiatric Outpatients
Authors: Trompenaars F. J. , Masthoff E. D. , Van Heck G. L. , de Vries J. , Hodiamont P. P. 
Published: February 2007

Background: The relationship between social functioning and QOL in psychiatric patients has not been explicitly investigated before. Aims: To investigate the relationship between social functioning and QOL in a population of psychiatric outpatients (N = 410) with a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders. Method: Social functioning was assessed with the Groningen Social Behavior Questionnaire-100 (GSBQ-100) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. QOL was measured with the WHO Quality of Life Assessment Instrument (WHOQOL-100). Results: The study population experienced a wide range of problems concerning all aspects of social functioning. The numbers of problems were significantly higher compared with healthy controls and (partly) also compared with a norm group of psychiatric outpatients. Almost all scales of the GSBQ-100 were negatively correlated with all QOL aspects, whereas the GAF score correlated positively with all QOL aspects. In general, participants with problems on aspects of social functioning had lower QOL scores than those without such problems, even after a correction for the presence of psychopathology according to DSMIV classification. Conclusion: In addition to the presence of psychopathology, social functioning is significantly related to QOL. Therefore, it should be considered more systematically in psychiatric assessment, treatment and program evaluation.
A Clients' Perspective on Demand-Oriented and Demand-Driven Health Care
Authors: Rijckmans Madeleine J.N. , Bongers Inge M.B. , Garretsen Henk F.L. , Van de Goor Ien A.M. 
Published: February 2007

Background: In many Western European countries, there is an increasing request for demand-oriented and demand-driven approaches in health care. In these approaches, the emphasis is on the clients' perspective on healthcare policy and healthcare services. A study was conducted to gain insight into the clients' view of health care. Methods: In 2004 a survey was conducted in the Netherlands among 4250 ambulatory mental health clients, by means of a postal questionnaire. To include clients with different experiences of mental health care, the sample was stratified according to the length of the treatment history. A total of 865 clients responded to the survey. Results: Elements that are found to be important to most clients are that ‘needs are determined in consultation with the client’, that ‘the client is treated in a pleasant manner’ and that ‘the professional informs the client about the possibilities in his/her situation’. Significant differences were found between groups with different background factors: income, education, age, sex and treatment history all had significant correlations. Conclusion: Most clients in ambulatory mental health care appreciate the demand-oriented and demand-driven approaches. However, not all the elements are appreciated in the same manner. In general, clients do not seem to care much about who makes the decisions, but they care much more about the way the decision-making process is carried out. Clients especially value being heard and being involved in the process as a serious party.
The Mental Health Expert Patient: Findings from a Pilot Study of a Generic Chronic Condition Self-Management Programme for People with Mental Illness
Authors: Lawn Sharon , Battersby Malcolm W. , Pols Rene G. , Lawrence John , Parry Trevor , Urukalo Mick 
Published: February 2007

Background: Less than optimal outcomes and escalating costs for chronic conditions including mental illness have prompted calls for innovative approaches to chronic illness management. Aims: This study aimed to test the feasibility and utility of combining a generic, clinician administered and peer-led self-management group approach for people with serious mental illness. Method: General practitioners and mental health case managers used a patient centred care model (the Flinders model) to assist 38 patients with serious mental illness to identify their self-management needs, and match these with interventions including Stanford peer-led, self-management groups and one-to-one peer support. Self-management and quality of life outcomes were measured and qualitative evaluation elicited feedback from all participants. Results: Collaborative care planning, combined with a problems and goals focused approach, resulted in improved self-management and mental functioning at 3 to 6 months follow-up. The Stanford self-management course was applicable and acceptable to patients with serious mental illnesses. Qualitative feedback was highly supportive of this approach. Conclusions: Generic, structured assessment and care planning approaches, resulting in self-management education targeted to the individual, improved self-management and quality of life. Patients and service providers reported considerable gains despite the challenges associated with introducing a generic model within the mental health and general practice sector.
Adverse Incidents, Patient Flow and Nursing Workforce Variables on Acute Psychiatric Wards: The Tompkins Acute Ward Study
Authors: Bowers Len , Allan Teresa , Simpson Alan , Nijman Henk , Warren Jonathan 
Published: February 2007

Background: Adverse incidents (violence, self-harm and absconding) can cause significant harm to patients and staff, are difficult to predict, and are driving an increase in security measures and defensive practice. Aims: To explore the relationship between adverse incidents on acute psychiatric wards, admissions and nursing workforce variables. Methods: A retrospective analysis of officially collected data covering a period of 30 months on 14 acute wards at three hospitals. This data included 69 serious untoward incidents. Results: Adverse incidents were more likely during and after weeks of high numbers of male admissions, during weeks when other incidents also occurred, and during weeks of high regular staff absence through leave and vacancy. Conclusions: It may be possible to predict adverse incidents. Careful staff management and deployment may reduce the risks.
Nonlinear Relationship Between Length of Residence and Depression in a Community-Based Sample of Vietnamese Americans
Authors: Tran Thanh V. , Manalo Victor , Nguyen Victor T.D. 
Published: February 2007

Background: Length of residence has been viewed as an indicator of acculturation among immigrants and refugees in their host society. This study aims to test an inverted U relationship between length of residence and depression in a community-based sample of Vietnamese Americans. Methods: Data were collected from a community-based survey of adult Vietnamese Americans living in an East Coast metropolitan area consisting of 349 respondents aged 18 and older. However, due to missing data, the actual sample in our regression analysis using listwise deletion method is 311. Among the participants, 52.1% are female ( n = 182), and 47.9% are male ( n = 167). The age of the respondents ranges from 18 to 73 years with the average age being 38.76 (SD = 13.76). The average number of years that the participants lived within the United States was 7.01 years (SD = 5.22). Results: Findings from a polynomial regression analysis support the hypothesis that depression levels tend to be high during the first decade of initial resettlement. However, after approximately 12.5 years, depression levels decrease. Conclusion: As revealed by the data and community experts, immigrants/refugees tend to suffer from higher levels of psychological problems during their first decade of resettlement. It takes more than a decade for a non-English-speaking immigrant or refugee to adjust psychologically into his/her host society.
Photoinduced J-Aggregation of Photochromic Spironaphthooxazine in a Glass Forming Organic Mixture
Authors: Kang Tae-Wook , Lee In-Ja 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Low-temperature UV–vis spectra of spironaphtooxazine (SNO) in a glass forming organic mixture clearly evidenced the J-aggregate formation. J-Aggregate becomes unstable above 100 K and its quantum efficiency for the visible photoreaction was lower than that of monomeric open form B. In a dilute solution, the intensity of the J-band was maximized at 150 K while it decreases with temperature in a concentrated solution.
Microchip Electrophoresis for Detection of Circle-to-Circle Amplification Products towards Sensitive and Rapid DNA Analysis
Authors: Mahmoudian Laili , Melin Jonas , Mohamadi Mohamad Reza , Yamada Keiko , Ohta Michio , Kaji Noritada , Tokeshi Manabu , Nilsson Mats , Baba Yoshinobu 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
A new method for fast and precise analysis of circle-to-circle amplification (C2CA) products by microchip electrophoresis has been developed. Stable C2CA products were produced by applying a new enzymatic step to C2CA. Detection was carried out within 55s with RSD of migration time of 3.6% (n = 6) enabling reproducibility and high speed. A real sample of bacterial pathogen (V. Cholerae) at single nucleotide level was detected successfully based on this method.
Solution-phase 13C NMR Spectroscopy of Detonation Nanodiamond
Authors: Komatsu Naoki , Kadota Naoki , Kimura Takahide , Osawa Eiji 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Solution-phase 13C NMR spectroscopy of detonation nanodiamond has been developed to give the resonance of diamond carbons. This novel and convenient analytical method is promising for quantitative and structure-informative analysis of the surface chemical structure of nanodiamond as has been used for the analysis of organic molecules.
Proton Migration in –N···H···O– Hydrogen-bonded Complex of (Chloranilic Acid)(1,2-Diazine)2 Studied by Dielectric Response and Infrared Absorption Spectra
Authors: Suzuki Hideaki , Mori Hatsumi , Yamaura Jun-ichi , Matsuda Masaki , Tajima Hiroyuki , Mochida Tomoyuki 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
A dielectric response by an intermolecular –N···H···O–proton transfer was observed around 120 K for (Chloranilic acid)(1,2-Diazine)2 [CA(1,2-DA)2]. This response, observed on the way of the migration from N–H···O at 300 K to O–H···N below 90 K, was demonstrated by infrared absorption spectra and the temperature dependence of lattice constants.
Enantiomeric Resolution of Chiral 1,8-Anthrylene Cyclic Tetramers with Acetylene and Diacetylene Linkers
Authors: Goichi Michio , Yamasaki Shingo , Miyahara Hiroaki , Wakamatsu Kan , Akashi Haruo , Toyota Shinji 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
A macrocyclic anthracene–acetylene oligomer with a chiral structure was synthesized by metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. X-ray analysis revealed that the molecule had a distorted diamond prism structure of D2 symmetry. This compound underwent spontaneous resolution upon crystallization, and the chiroptical properties of enantiopure samples were investigated by CD spectroscopy.
Direct Electron Transfer of Hemoglobin Molecules on Bare ITO Electrodes
Authors: Ayato Yusuke , Itahashi Takashi , Matsuda Naoki 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Direct electron transfer of hemoglobin (Hb) molecules was found at bare indium–tin–oxide (ITO) electrodes without promoters and mediators or modifications of electrodes by cyclic voltammetry. The quantity of electroactive Hb molecules was close to that of monolayer deposition on the electrode surface. The peak current, indicating redox reaction of a heme FeIII/FeII couple, changed in proportion to sweep rate.
An Efficient and Highly Stereoselective Method to Synthesize 3-(1-Hydroxyalkyl)pyrrolidinone
Authors: Lian Gao-Yan , Yu Jin-Di , Yang Hai-Feng , Lin Feng , Gao Qiang , Zhang Dan-Wei 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Three contiguous stereocenters with syn–anti structure on the 3-(1-hydroxyalkyl)pyrrolidinone were constructed in one step with high yields and high diastereoselectivity by an Et2AlCl-catalyzed group transfer radical cyclization reaction from N-alkenyl-β-hydroxyalkanamides with 125-W UV lamp irradiation. The relative stereochemistry was confirmed by X-ray analysis.