bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute myeloid leukaemia secondary to treatment with capecitabine for metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Shapiro Susan , Hughes George , Al‐Obaidi Magda Jabbar , O’Reilly Eamon , Ramesh Subramanian , Smith Jason , Ahmad Riz , Dawson Charlotte , Riddle Pippa , Sekhar Mallika 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA 63‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with acute myelo‐monocytic leukaemia, associated with MLL gene rearrangement, 16 months after completion of oral capecitabine for metastatic colon cancer. Capecitabine, recommended for use in metastatic breast and colon cancer and more recently as adjuvant treatment of colon cancer, has not previously been reported to be associated with secondary cancer.
Evaluation of the Relationship between Subjects’ Perception and Professional Assessment of Esthetic Treatment Needs
Authors: Tortopidis Dimitrios , Hatzikyriakos Andreas , Kokoti Maria , Menexes George , Tsiggos Nikolaos 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTPurpose:  The purposes of the present study were to (1) evaluate the esthetic dental treatment need by means of two special questionnaires, (2) determine the reliability and the construct validity of the measurement scales derived from these questionnaires, and (3) investigate the relationship between Greek subjects’ perception and a professional examiner’s assessment regarding the esthetic treatment need.Materials and Methods:  Participants in this survey consisted of 132 subjects (48 males with mean age 39.0 ± 14.5 years old, 84 females with mean age 41.7 ± 14.5 years old) with natural teeth and fixed restorations. Subjects were asked to complete a special self‐evaluation questionnaire consisting of 12 items. During the next stage, all participants were clinically examined by an experienced examiner and the data collected were used to fill out a second special professional assessment questionnaire consisting of 20 items. The forms structure used were in accordance with well‐established indices used in orthodontics for assessing esthetic treatment need.Results:  The reliability of the multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) analysis‐derived scales was very satisfactory (Cronbach’s a coefficient: a =0.82) for the total scale of the self‐evaluation measurement. For the professional assessment scale, the reliability of the total scale was almost perfect (a=0.92). The MCA revealed one reliable factorial construct for the self‐evaluation measurement scale and two reliable constructs for the professional measurement scale. Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated a very low agreement between self‐evaluation and professional measurement scales.Conclusion:  The findings of this survey suggest that there was a relative disagreement between subjects’ perception and professional assessment regarding the need for esthetic dental treatment.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEIn the present survey, the agreement between subjects’ perception and clinical assessment of esthetic dental treatment need was found to be very low, which highlighted the discrepancies between patients’ and dentists’ perceptions of esthetic needs.
First Record of the Army Ant Cheliomyrmex morosus in Panama and its High Associate Diversity
Authors: Berghoff Stefanie M. , Franks Nigel R. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe occurrence and distribution of hypogaeic army ants is still poorly known despite their potential importance for tropical soil ecosystems. We present the first record of one of the most cryptic of army ants, Cheliomyrmex morosus, in Panama and list a diverse array of associated arthropods. The late discovery of these ants and high diversity of their associates indicates that much remains to be discovered even in one of the most intensely studied research areas.
Genetic Testing and Disability Insurance: An Alternative Opinion
Authors: Dodge John H. , Christianson David J. 
Published: May 2007

The paper by Susan M. Wolf and Jeffrey P. Kahn published in this issue of the Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics notes that we are members of the Working Group on Genetic Testing in Disability Insurance and that the members of the Working Group do not necessarily subscribe to its recommendations. Although we agree with some of Wolf and Kahn's recommendations, we do not agree with recommendations 1, 3, 4, and 5 for individual disability insurance and recommendations 1, 2, and 3 for group disability insurance. We use this paper to delineate our areas of disagreement, but we do not discuss areas such as employment law as they are not our areas of expertise.First, understanding our roles on the Working Group is important. As members, we provided technical expertise on disability insurance. Our input to the Working Group represents our individual opinions.
Prevalence, Characteristics, and Molecular Epidemiology of Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Isolates of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
at Five Tertiary-Care Hospitals in Korea
Authors: Shin Jeong Hwan , Jung Hee Jung , Kim Hye Ran , Jeong Joseph , Jeong Seok Hoon , Kim Sunjoo , Lee Eun Yup , Lee Jeong Nyeo , Chang Chulhun Ludgerus 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

The genes
erm
(B),
mef
(A), and both
erm
(B) and
mef
(A) were identified in 42.6, 10.1, and 47.3%, respectively, of the erythromycin-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
isolates. Of the strains, 3.8% were nonsusceptible to levofloxacin and had 1 to 6 amino acid changes in the quinolone resistance-determining region, including a new mutation, Asn94Ser, in the product of
parC
. Levofloxacin with reserpine was highly specific for efflux screening.
Inhibition of Type III Secretion inSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium by Small-Molecule Inhibitors
Authors: Hudson Debra L. , Layton Abigail N. , Field Terry R. , Bowen Alison J. , Wolf-Watz Hans , Elofsson Mikael , Stevens Mark P. , Galyov Edouard E. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTType III secretion systems (T3SS) are conserved in many pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. Small molecules that specifically target T3SS inYersiniaandChlamydiaspp. have recently been identified. Here we show that two such compounds inhibitSalmonellaT3SS-1, preventing secretion of T3SS-1 effectors, invasion of cultured epithelial cells, and enteritis in vivo.
Expression of Reductive Dehalogenase Genes in
Dehalococcoides ethenogenes
Strain 195 Growing on Tetrachloroethene, Trichloroethene, or 2,3-Dichlorophenol
Authors: Fung Jennifer M. , Morris Robert M. , Adrian Lorenz , Zinder Stephen H. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Reductive dehalogenase (RD) gene transcript levels in
Dehalococcoides ethenogenes
strain 195 were investigated using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR during growth and reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), or 2,3-dichlorophenol (2,3-DCP). Cells grown with PCE or TCE had high transcript levels (greater than that for
rpoB
) for
tceA
, which encodes the TCE RD,
pceA
, which encodes the PCE RD, and DET0162, which contains a predicted stop codon and is considered nonfunctional. In cells grown with 2,3-DCP,
tceA
mRNA was less than 1% of that for
rpoB
, indicating that its transcription was regulated.
pceA
and DET0162 were the only RD genes with high transcript levels in cells grown with 2,3-DCP. Proteomic analysis of PCE-grown cells detected both PceA and TceA with high peptide coverage but not DET0162, and analysis of 2,3-DCP-grown cells detected PceA with high coverage but not TceA, DET0162, or any other potential RD. Cells grown with PCE or 2,3-DCP were tested for the ability to dechlorinate PCE, TCE, or 2,3-DCP with H
2
as the electron donor. 2,3-DCP-grown cells were unable to dechlorinate TCE but dechlorinated PCE to TCE without a lag, and PCE-grown cells dechlorinated 2,3-DCP without a lag. These results show that 2,3-DCP-grown cells do not produce TceA and that DET0162 is transcribed but its translation product is not detectable in cells and are consistent with PceA's being bifunctional, also serving as the 2,3-DCP RD. Chlorophenols naturally occur in soils and are good candidates for the original substrates for PceA.
Highly Efficient Gluten Degradation by Lactobacilli and Fungal Proteases during Food Processing: New Perspectives for Celiac Disease
Authors: Rizzello Carlo G. , De Angelis Maria , Di Cagno Raffaella , Camarca Alessandra , Silano Marco , Losito Ilario , De Vincenzi Massimo , De Bari Maria D. , Palmisano Francesco , Maurano Francesco , Gianfrani Carmen , Gobbetti Marco 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT
Presently, the only effective treatment for celiac disease is a life-long gluten-free diet. In this work, we used a new mixture of selected sourdough lactobacilli and fungal proteases to eliminate the toxicity of wheat flour during long-time fermentation. Immunological (R5 antibody-based sandwich and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and R5 antibody-based Western blot), two-dimensional electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight, strong-cation-exchange-liquid chromatography/capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight [SCX-LC/CapLC-ESI-Q-TOF], and high-pressure liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry) analyses were used to determine the gluten concentration. Assays based on the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and gamma interferon production by PBMCs and intestinal T-cell lines (iTCLs) from 12 celiac disease patients were used to determine the protein toxicity of the pepsin-trypsin digests from fermented wheat dough (sourdough). As determined by R5-based sandwich and competitive ELISAs, the residual concentration of gluten in sourdough was 12 ppm. Albumins, globulins, and gliadins were completely hydrolyzed, while ca. 20% of glutenins persisted. Low-molecular-weight epitopes were not detectable by SCX-LC/CapLC-ESI-Q-TOF mass spectrometry and R5-based Western blot analyses. The kinetics of the hydrolysis of the 33-mer by lactobacilli were highly efficient. All proteins extracted from sourdough activated PBMCs and induced gamma interferon production at levels comparable to the negative control. None of the iTCLs demonstrated immunoreactivity towards pepsin-trypsin digests. Bread making was standardized to show the suitability of the detoxified wheat flour. Food processing by selected sourdough lactobacilli and fungal proteases may be considered an efficient approach to eliminate gluten toxicity.
Mutational Analysis of Endoxylanases XylA and XylB from the Phytopathogen
Fusarium graminearum
Reveals Comprehensive Insights into Their Inhibitor Insensitivity
Authors: Beliën Tim , Van Campenhout Steven , Van Acker Maarten , Robben Johan , Courtin Christophe M. , Delcour Jan A. , Volckaert Guido 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Endo-β-1,4-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8; endoxylanases), key enzymes in the degradation of xylan, are considered to play an important role in phytopathogenesis, as they occupy a prominent position in the arsenal of hydrolytic enzymes secreted by phytopathogens to breach the cell wall and invade the plant tissue. Plant endoxylanase inhibitors are increasingly being pinpointed as part of a counterattack mechanism. To understand the surprising XIP-type endoxylanase inhibitor insensitivity of endoxylanases XylA and XylB from the phytopathogen
Fusarium graminearum
, an extensive mutational study of these enzymes was performed. Using combinatorial and site-directed mutagenesis, the XIP insensitivity of XylA as well as XylB was proven to be solely due to amino acid sequence adaptations in the “thumb” structural region. While XylB residues Cys
141
, Asp
148
, and Cys
149
were shown to prevent XIP interaction, the XIP insensitivity of XylA could be ascribed to the occurrence of only one aberrant residue, i.e., Val
151
. This study, in addition to providing a thorough explanation for the XIP insensitivity of both
F. graminearum
endoxylanases at the molecular level, generated XylA and XylB mutants with altered inhibition specificities and pH optima. As this is the first experimental elucidation of the molecular determinants dictating the specificity of the interaction between endoxylanases of phytopathogenic origin and a plant inhibitor, this work sheds more light on the ongoing evolutionary arms race between plants and phytopathogenic fungi involving recognition of endoxylanases.
Alpha-Agarases Define a New Family of Glycoside Hydrolases, Distinct from Beta-Agarase Families
Authors: Flament Didier , Barbeyron Tristan , Jam Murielle , Potin Philippe , Czjzek Mirjam , Kloareg Bernard , Michel Gurvan 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

The gene encoding the α-agarase from “
Alteromonas agarilytica
” (proposed name) has been cloned and sequenced. The gene product (154 kDa) is unrelated to β-agarases and instead belongs to a new family of glycoside hydrolases (GH96). The α-agarase also displays a complex modularity, with the presence of five thrombospondin type 3 repeats and three carbohydrate-binding modules.
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase CTX-M-1 in
Escherichia coli
Isolates from Healthy Poultry in France
Authors: Girlich Delphine , Poirel Laurent , Carattoli Alessandra , Kempf Isabelle , Lartigue Marie-Frédérique , Bertini Alessia , Nordmann Patrice 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamase CTX-M-1 were detected in 12
Escherichia coli
isolates recovered over a 7-month period from the ceca of healthy poultry in seven districts in France in 2005. Eleven of those strains were not clonally related and had a
bla
CTX-M-1
gene located on transferable plasmids of different sizes and structures.
Role of Primary Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells in Host Defense against
Francisella tularensis
Infection
Authors: Gentry Megan , Taormina Joanna , Pyles Richard B. , Yeager Linsey , Kirtley Michelle , Popov Vsevolod L. , Klimpel Gary , Eaves-Pyles Tonyia 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Francisella tularensis
, an intracellular pathogen, is highly virulent when inhaled. Alveolar epithelial type I (ATI) and type II (ATII) cells line the majority of the alveolar surface and respond to inhaled pathogenic bacteria via cytokine secretion. We hypothesized that these cells contribute to the lung innate immune response to
F. tularensis
. Results demonstrated that the live vaccine strain (LVS) contacted ATI and ATII cells by 2 h following intranasal inoculation of mice. In culture, primary human ATI or ATII cells, grown on transwell filters, were stimulated on the apical (AP) surface with virulent
F. tularensis
Schu 4 or LVS. Basolateral (BL) conditioned medium (CM), collected 6 and 24 h later, was added to the BL surfaces of transwell cultures of primary human pulmonary microvasculature endothelial cells (HPMEC) prior to the addition of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) or dendritic cells (DCs) to the AP surface. HPMEC responded to S4- or LVS-stimulated ATII, but not ATI, CM as evidenced by PMN and DC migration. Analysis of the AP and BL ATII CM revealed that both
F. tularensis
strains induced various levels of a variety of cytokines via NF-κB activation. ATII cells pretreated with an NF-κB inhibitor prior to
F. tularensis
stimulation substantially decreased interleukin-8 secretion, which did not occur through Toll-like receptor 2, 2/6, 4, or 5 stimulation. These data indicate a crucial role for ATII cells in the innate immune response to
F. tularensis
.
Enucleated L929 Cells Support Invasion, Differentiation, and Multiplication of
Trypanosoma cruzi
Parasites
Authors: Coimbra Vanessa C. , Yamamoto Denise , Khusal Ketna G. , Atayde Vanessa Diniz , Fernandes Maria Cecília , Mortara Renato A. , Yoshida Nobuko , Alves Maria Julia M. , Rabinovitch Michel 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Cell infection with
Trypanosoma cruzi
, the agent of Chagas’ disease, begins with the uptake of infective trypomastigotes within phagosomes and their release into the cytosol, where they transform into replicating amastigotes; the latter, in turn, differentiate into cytolytically released and infective trypomastigotes. We ask here if the
T. cruzi
infection program can develop in enucleated host cells. Monolayers of L929 cells, enucleated by centrifugation in the presence of cytochalasin B and kept at 34°C to extend the survival of cytoplasts, were infected with parasites of the CL strain. Percent infection, morphology, stage-specific markers, and numbers of parasites per cell were evaluated in nucleated and enucleated cells, both of which were present in the same preparations. Parasite uptake, differentiation and multiplication of amastigotes, development of epimastigote- and trypomastigote-like forms, and initial cytolytic release of parasites were all documented for cytoplasts and nucleated cells. Although the doubling times were similar, parasite loads at 48 and 72 h were significantly lower in the cytoplasts than in nucleated cells. Similar results were obtained with the highly virulent strain Y as well as with strains CL-14 and G, which exhibit low virulence for mice. Cytoplasts could also be infected with the CL strain 24 or 48 h after enucleation. Thus, infection of cells by
T. cruzi
can take place in enucleated host cells, i.e., in the absence of modulation of chromosomal and nucleolar gene transcription and of RNA modification and processing in the nucleus.
Eca1, a Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, Is Involved in Stress Tolerance and Virulence inCryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Fan Weihua , Idnurm Alexander , Breger Julia , Mylonakis Eleftherios , Heitman Joseph 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe basidiomycetous fungal pathogenCryptococcus neoformansis adapted to survive challenges in the soil and environment and within the unique setting of the mammalian host. AC. neoformansmutant was isolated with enhanced virulence in a soil amoeba model that nevertheless exhibits dramatically reduced growth at mammalian body temperature (37°C). This mutant phenotype results from an insertion in theECA1gene, which encodes a sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)-type calcium pump. Infection in murine macrophages, amoebae (Acanthamoeba castellanii), nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), and wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae revealed that theeca1mutants are virulent or hypervirulent at permissive growth temperatures but attenuated at 37°C. Deletion mutants lacking the entireECA1gene were also hypersensitive to the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporin and FK506 and to ER and osmotic stresses. Aneca1Δcna1Δ mutant lacking both Eca1 and the calcineurin catalytic subunit was more sensitive to high temperature and ER stresses than the single mutants and exhibited reduced survival inC. elegansand attenuated virulence towards wax moth larvae at temperatures that permit normal growth in vitro. Eca1 is likely involved in maintaining ER function, thus contributing to stress tolerance and virulence acting in parallel with Ca2+-calcineurin signaling.
Lack of Immune Responses to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
DosR Regulon Proteins following
Mycobacterium bovis
BCG Vaccination
Authors: Lin May Young , Geluk Annemieke , Smith Steven G. , Stewart Amanda L. , Friggen Annemieke H. , Franken Kees L. M. C. , Verduyn Marleen J. C. , van Meijgaarden Krista E. , Voskuil Martin I. , Dockrell Hazel M. , Huygen Kris , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Klein Michèl R. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium bovis
BCG is widely used as a vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), despite its variable protective efficacy. Relatively little is known about the immune response profiles following BCG vaccination in relation to protection against TB. Here we tested whether BCG vaccination results in immune responses to DosR (Rv3133c) regulon-encoded proteins. These so-called TB latency antigens are targeted by the immune system during persistent
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection and have been associated with immunity against latent
M. tuberculosis
infection. In silico analysis of the DosR regulon in BCG and
M. tuberculosis
showed at least 97% amino acid sequence homology, with 41 out of 48 genes being identical. Transcriptional profiling of 14 different BCG strains, under hypoxia and nitric oxide exposure in vitro, revealed a functional DosR regulon similar to that observed in
M. tuberculosis
. Next, we assessed human immune responses to a series of immunodominant TB latency antigens and found that BCG vaccination fails to induce significant responses to latency antigens. Similar results were obtained with BCG-vaccinated BALB/c mice. In contrast, responses to latency antigens were observed in individuals with suspected exposure to TB (as indicated by positive gamma interferon responses to TB-specific antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10) and in mice vaccinated with plasmid DNA encoding selected latency antigens. Since immune responses to TB latency antigens have been associated with control of latent
M. tuberculosis
infection, our findings support the development of vaccination strategies incorporating DosR regulon antigens to complement and improve the current BCG vaccine.
Requirement for YaeT in the Outer Membrane Assembly of Autotransporter Proteins
Authors: Jain Sumita , Goldberg Marcia B. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT
Autotransporters constitute the largest group of secreted proteins in gram-negative bacteria. Autotransporter secretion involves the insertion of a carboxy-terminal beta barrel into and the translocation of an amino-terminal domain across the outer membrane. Here, we demonstrate that secretion of autotransporters from several organisms requires the outer membrane assembly factor YaeT.
The 2004 Olympic Games: physiotherapy services in the Olympic Village polyclinic
Authors: Athanasopoulos Spyridon , Kapreli Eleni , Tsakoniti Aikaterini , Karatsolis Konstantinos , Diamantopoulos Konstantinos , Kalampakas Konstantinos , Pyrros Demetrios G , Parisis Costas , Strimpakos Nikolaos 
Published: May 2007

Objective:First, to document the injuries sustained during the 2004 Olympic Games in a sample of patients visiting the physiotherapy department of the Olympic Village polyclinic. Second, to provide information and data about the physiotherapy services for planning future Olympics and other mass gatherings.Design:Observational study.Setting:Olympic Village polyclinic.Participants:457 patients aged 15–72 years visited the physiotherapy department from 30 July through 30 August.Results:The department’s workload was at a peak during the last 15 days of the Olympic Games (periods B and C). The most common injuries were overuse injuries (47.3%). The most common pathology for physiotherapy attendance was myofascial pain/muscle spasm (32.5%), followed by tendinopathy (19.2%) and ligament sprain (18.7%). The most prevalent site of injury was the thigh (21%), followed by the knee (14.1%) and the lumbar spine (13.5%). Most injuries had symptoms of <7 days’ duration. The geographical region with the greatest demand for physiotherapy services was Africa (40.6%). Most patients were athletes (74.8%), although team officials accounted for a considerable number (14%).Conclusions:The smallest national teams—especially those from developing countries—were more likely to take advantage of services, probably because the larger teams had their own medical and physiotherapy staff. The characteristics of patients, their sustained injuries and the subsequent treatment varied by the accreditation status of the patients. The physiotherapy department’s workload was dependent on the Olympic Games schedule.