bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probability of parenthood after early onset cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Madanat Laura‐Maria S. , Malila Nea , Dyba Tadeusz , Hakulinen Timo , Sankila Risto , Boice John D. , Lähteenmäki Päivi M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe evaluated in a population‐based setting the postdiagnosis parenthood among survivors compared with the fertility patterns of siblings. Cancer patients aged 0–34 years at diagnosis were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry (N= 25,784), and their siblings (N= 44,611) by registry linkage. Further linkage identified the offspring of the patient and sibling cohorts. The relative probabilities of parenthood for first and second births separately were estimated for male and female survivors in different diagnostic age‐groups and subsites using a Cox proportional hazards model, with age as the time variable and adjusting for the birth cohort of parents. In addition, estimates were calculated for 5 diagnostic eras in all subsites combined. Compared to siblings, both female and male cancer survivors were less likely to parent at least 1 child (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.44–0.48 and RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.54–0.60, respectively). The relative probability of parenthood was especially low in male childhood cancer survivors and female young adult cancer survivors. However, cancer patients were only slightly less likely than siblings to parent a second child, with RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86–0.97 and RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.89–1.01 for females and males, respectively. The relative probability of parenthood increased over calendar time among young adult cancer patients. The relative probability of parenthood following early onset cancer was overall significantly reduced by ∼50%. Parenting a second child, however, was not reduced among pediatric and adolescent survivors, and only slightly reduced among early adulthood cancer survivors compared to siblings. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anthropometric factors in relation to different tumor biological subgroups of postmenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Borgquist Signe , Jirström Karin , Anagnostaki Lola , Manjer Jonas , Landberg Göran 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOverweight and obesity is associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. However, less is known about the impact of anthropometric factors on tumor pathology and biology. A Swedish population‐based prospective cohort study of 9,685 postmenopausal women not using hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) were followed for an average of 10.3 years during which 305 incident breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Invasive and sufficient tumor material was available in 248 cases. Pathological reevaluation of histological type and grade was conducted. Using a tissue microarray (TMA), the tumor expression of Ki67, HER2, ERα, ERβ, PgR, cyclin D1 and p27 was evaluated. Six anthropometric factors: height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist‐ and hip circumference and body fat percentage were categorized by quartiles of baseline anthropometric measurements, and relative risks were calculated using multivariate Cox regression models. Invasive breast cancer incidence was increased for women in the higher quartiles of all anthropometric measurements. Height was positively associated with Grade I and ERα‐positive tumors. Women in the highest quartiles of weight, BMI, waist‐ and hip circumference and body fat percentage were all associated with tumors of ductal type, Grade II, low Ki67 index, HER2 negativity and low expression of the oncogene cyclin D1. Obesity was further associated with tumors expressing ERα and PgR but interestingly not ERβ. This study confirmed previously described associations between overweight/obesity and increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Furthermore, obesity was associated with tumors expressing several markers corresponding with low malignancy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of new accessible tumor antigens in human colon cancer by ex vivo protein biotinylation and comparative mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Conrotto Paolo , Roesli Christoph , Rybak Jascha , Kischel Philippe , Waltregny David , Neri Dario , Castronovo Vincent 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOne of the most promising new strategies for the development of efficacious cancer therapies relies on the targeted delivery of biopharmaceutical to the tumor environment by the use of selective and specific antibodies. The identification of accessible perivascular proteins selectively overexpressed in cancer tissue may facilitate the development of antibody‐based biopharmaceutical administration. This approach is potentially highly selective and specific, combining the presence of tumor biomarkers readily accessible from the blood vessels and the high rate of angiogenesis characteristic of cancer tissues. We performed ex vivo perfusions of surgically resected human colon cancer using a reactive ester derivative of biotin, thus achieving a selective covalent modification of accessible proteins in vascular structures and stroma. After extraction and purification, biotinylated proteins were digested and the resulting peptides submitted to a comparative mass spectrometry‐based proteomic analysis, revealing quantitative differences between normal and cancer colon. Sixty‐seven of the total 367 proteins identified were found to be preferentially expressed at the tumor site. We generated human monoclonal antibodies against 2 potential tumor targets, NGAL and GW112, and we proved their selective expression in cancer colon and not or barely in healthy tissues. This article presents the first proteomic analysis of human colorectal cancer structures readily accessible from the tumor vasculature, revealing the overexpression of novel tumor antigens which may serve as selective targets for antibody‐based imaging and therapeutic biomolecular strategies. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epigenetic regulation and molecular characterization of C/EBPα in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Kumagai Takashi , Akagi Tadayuki , Desmond Julian C. , Kawamata Norihiko , Gery Sigal , Imai Yasufumi , Song Jee Hoon , Gui Dorina , Said Jonathan , Koeffler H. Phillip 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMolecular‐targeted therapy is a hopeful approach for pancreatic cancer. Silencing of tumor suppressor genes can occur by histone deacetylation and/or DNA methylation in the promoter. Here, we identified epigenetically silenced genes in pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreatic cancer cell line, PANC‐1 cells were treated either with or without 5Aza‐dC (a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, a histone deacetylase inhibitor), and mRNA was isolated from these cells. Oligonucleotide microarray analysis revealed that 30 genes including UCHL1, C/EBPα, TIMP2 and IRF7 were up‐regulated after treatment with 5Aza‐dC and SAHA in PANC‐1. The induction of these 4 genes was validated by real‐time PCR in several pancreatic cancer cell lines. Interestingly, expression of C/EBPα was significantly restored in 6 of 6 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that histone H3 of the promoter region of C/EBPα was acetylated in PANC‐1 treated with SAHA; and bisulfate sequencing showed methylation of its promoter region in several pancreatic cancer cell lines. Forced expression of C/EBPα markedly suppressed clonal proliferation of PANC‐1 cells. Co‐immunoprecipitation assay showed the interaction of C/EBPα and E2F1; and the interaction caused the inhibition of E2F1 transcriptional activity. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that C/EBPα localized in the cytoplasm in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells, whereas it localized predominantly in the nucleus in normal pancreatic cells. Our data demonstrated that aberrant silencing, as well as, inappropriate cytoplasmic localization of C/EBPα causes dysregulation of its function, suggesting that C/EBPα is a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer cells. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Curcumin in combination with visible light inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft tumor model
Authors: Dujic Jadranka , Kippenberger Stefan , Ramirez‐Bosca Ana , Diaz‐Alperi Joaquin , Bereiter‐Hahn Jürgen , Kaufmann Roland , Bernd August , Hofmann Matthias 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIt is known that curcumin, a dietary pigment from the plant Curcuma longa, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in different cell lines; however, the therapeutic benefit is hampered by very low absorption after transdermal or oral application. Recent studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that curcumin at low concentrations (0.2–1 μg/ml) offered the described effects only when applied with UVA or visible light. Nevertheless, the in vivo efficacy of this combination is lacking. In the present study, we used a xenograft tumor model with human epithelial carcinoma A431 cells to test the effect of curcumin and visible light on tumor growth. It was found that tumor growth was significantly inhibited in mice that were i.p. injected with curcumin and consecutively irradiated with visible light. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed a reduction of Ki 67 expression, indicating a decrease of cycling cells and induction of apoptotic bodies. The effect on apoptosis was further confirmed by Western blot analysis showing enhanced activation of caspases‐9. Vice versa inhibition of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R) was observed which may aid inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. In summary, the present findings suggest a combination of curcumin and light as a new therapeutic concept to increase the efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Planning water management for secure food production in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Ararso Girma Senbeta , Schultz Bart , Hollanders Peter 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSub‐Saharan Africa is a region with a high population density and fast population growth. Low economic status, poverty and food insecurity characterize the region. Most countries are regular food aid recipients. As the population growth rate is higher than the growth in food production, future conditions may become even worse, irrespective of the potential resources within the region. Land and water resources are quite sufficient to support food production. Only 16.8% (which is about 4% of the arable land) of the potentially irrigable land has been developed for irrigated agriculture. Drainage development is almost untouched and involves only 0.4% of the agricultural area.In order to get an impression of promising options and possible constraints, with the help of the policy dialogue model PODIUM, this paper analyses the development of water management scenarios to improve food production in the region. Six sample countries – Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Africa and Sudan – were considered for the analysis. Three water management scenarios were considered: focus on rainfed agriculture, focus on irrigated agriculture and a mixed scenario. The results of the analysis show that, with proper water management approaches, food security in the region is achievable. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reference evapotranspiration estimation using adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems
Authors: Doğan Emrah 
Published: September 2008

AbstractEvapotranspiration, an important component in terrestrial water balance and net primary productivity models, is difficult to measure and estimate. In this study, the potential of the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is investigated in modelling of daily grass crop reference evapotranspiration (ETo) obtained using the Penman–Monteith equation. Various combinations of daily climatic data, namely solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, are used as inputs to the ANFIS so as to evaluate the degree of effect of each of these variables on daily Penman–Monteith estimated ETo. The results of the ANFIS model are compared with a multiple linear regression model. Mean square error, average absolute relative error and determination coefficient statistics are used as comparison criteria for evaluation of the model performance. The ANFIS technique whose inputs are solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, gave mean square errors of 0.016, average absolute relative errors of 6.4%, and determination coefficients of 0.996 for Morgan Hill 139 station (San Francisco Bay, USA). Based on the comparisons, it was found that the ANFIS model could be successfully employed in estimating the daily ETo. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond AICA riboside: In search of new specific AMP‐activated protein kinase activators
Authors: Guigas Bruno , Sakamoto Kei , Taleux Nellie , Reyna Sara M. , Musi Nicolas , Viollet Benoit , Hue Louis 
Published: September 2008

Abstract5‐Aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside (AICA riboside) has been extensively used in vitro and in vivo to activate the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic sensor involved in both cellular and whole body energy homeostasis. However, it has been recently highlighted that AICA riboside also exerts AMPK‐independent effects, mainly on AMP‐regulated enzymes and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), leading to the conclusion that new compounds with reduced off target effects are needed to specifically activate AMPK. Here, we review recent findings on newly discovered AMPK activators, notably on A‐769662, a nonnucleoside compound from the thienopyridone family. We also report that A‐769662 is able to activate AMPK and stimulate glucose uptake in both L6 cells and primary myotubes derived from human satellite cells. In addition, A‐769662 increases AMPK activity and phosphorylation of its main downstream targets in primary cultured rat hepatocytes but, by contrast with AICA riboside, does neither affect mitochondrial OXPHOS nor change cellular AMP:ATP ratio. We conclude that A‐769662 could be one of the new promising chemical agents to activate AMPK with limited AMPK‐independent side effects. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(1): 18–26, 2009
Effects of choline‐deprivation on paracetamol‐ or phenobarbital‐induced rat liver metabolic response
Authors: Konstandi Maria , Segos Dimitrios , Galanopoulou Panagiota , Theocharis Stamatios , Zarros Apostolos , Lang Matti A. , Marselos Marios , Liapi Charis 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCholine is an essential nutrient that seems to be involved in a wide variety of metabolic reactions and functions in both humans and rodents. Various pathophysiological states have been linked to choline deprivation (CD). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of CD upon biochemical, histological and metabolic alterations induced by drugs that affect hepatic functional integrity and various drug metabolizing systems via distinct mechanisms. For this purpose, paracetamol (ACET) or phenobarbital (PB) were administered to male Wistar rats that were fed with standard rodent chow (normally fed, NF) or underwent dietary CD. The administration of ACET increased the serum aspartate aminotransferase levels in NF rats, while CD restricted this increase. On the other hand, ACET suppressed alkaline phosphatase levels only in CD rats. Moreover, CD prevented the PB‐induced increase of the mitotic activity of hepatocytes. The administration of ACET down‐regulated CYP1A2 and CYP2B1 expression in CD rats, while up‐regulating them in NF rats. The administration of PB suppressed CYP1A2 apoprotein levels in CD rats, whereas the drug had no effect on NF rats. The PB‐induced up‐regulation of CYP2B, CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 isozymes was markedly higher in CD than in NF rats. In addition, PB increased glutathione‐S‐transferase activity only in CD rats. Hepatic glutathione content (GSH) was suppressed by ACET in NF rats, whereas the drug increased GSH in CD rats. Our data suggest that CD has a significant impact on the hepatic metabolic functions, and in particular on those related to drug metabolism. Thus, CD may modify drug effectiveness and toxicity, as well as drug–drug interactions, particularly those related to ACET and PB. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The early phase of programmed cell death in Caco‐2 intestinal cells exposed to PTH
Authors: Calvo Natalia G. , Gentili Claudia R. , de Boland Ana Russo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe regulation of apoptosis is critical for ensuring the homeostasis of an organism. As such, the cell has derived various mechanisms to precisely control the balance between survival and apoptotic signaling. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) function as a major mediator of bone remodeling and as an essential regulator of calcium homeostasis. Depending on the cell type involved, PTH also inhibits or promotes the apoptosis. In a previous work we found that PTH promotes the apoptosis of human Caco‐2 intestinal cells. In the current study, we demonstrate, for the first time, that stimulation of Caco‐2 cells with PTH (10−8 M) results in the dephosphorylation and translocation of pro‐apoptotic protein Bad from the cytosol to mitochondria and release of cytochrome c and Smac/Diablo. The hormone also triggers mitochondria cellular distribution to the perinuclear region, morphological features consistent with apoptosis. PTH increases the enzymatic activity of caspase‐3 (48 h) that is also evidenced from the appearance of its cleaved fragments in western blot experiments. Moreover, active caspase‐3 is present in nucleus after PTH treatment. In addition, a caspase‐3 substrate, poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP), is degraded by 48 h of PTH treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that, in Caco‐2 cells, the induction of apoptosis in response to PTH is mediated by translocation of mitochondria to the perinuclear region, dephosphorylation of Akt, dephosphorylation of Bad and its movement to the mitochondria and subsequent release of cytochrome c and Smac/Diablo which result in activation of downstream caspase‐3. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 989–997, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The camera perspective bias: a case study
Authors: Landström Sara , Af Hjelmsäter Emma Roos , Granhag Pär Anders 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this case study, we examined how variations of the camera perspective affect adults' assessment of veracity in a real‐life high‐stake situation; a masked male confessing to a very serious crime. The interview, conducted by one of Sweden's most awarded journalists, lasted 30 minutes and consisted of over 100 detailed questions about the crime. The interview was videotaped simultaneously by three cameras positioned at different locations, each taking a unique visual perspective. One camera focused on the suspect only, one on the interviewer only, and one equally on the suspect and the interviewer. Each videotape was shown to 32 adult observers (N = 96) who were asked to assess the suspect's veracity and to report subjective cues justifying their veracity assessment. The results confirmed the camera perspective bias, by showing that the observers in the ‘suspect only’ condition assessed the confession as significantly more reliable than did the observers in the ‘interviewer only’ condition. The observers reported that they relied heavily on verbal cues when assessing the confession, and particularly regarding confidence and consistency. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urnaloricus gadi nov. gen. et nov. sp. (Loricifera, Urnaloricidae nov. fam.), an aberrant Loricifera with a viviparous pedogenetic life cycle
Authors: Heiner Iben , Kristensen Reinhardt Møbjerg 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA new species of Loricifera, Urnaloricus gadi nov. gen. et nov. sp., is described from the Faroe Bank, located Southwest of the Faroe Islands, North Atlantic. The new species does not fit into any known families of Loricifera and therefore it is grouped into a new family Urnaloricidae nov. fam. The new species is characterized by having a very complicated life cycle that involves a large cyst‐like mega‐larva, two reduced larval instars and the Higgins‐larvae eating their maternal stage from within. An adult stage is missing. This form of reproduction is called viviparous pedogenesis and normally is found only in nematodes and insects. In the life cycle of Urnaloricidae nov. fam., there are two types of free‐living larval stages: a Higgins‐larva and a mega‐larva. The latter is found in two different forms, a pre‐ and a cyst‐forming mega‐larva. Additionally, there are two reduced life history stages, the reduced larval stage (probably a postlarva) and the ghost‐larval stage inside the cyst‐forming mega‐larva. The external morphology of the two forms of mega‐larvae is much reduced, e.g., the introvert has only a few rows of scalids when compared with the Higgins‐larva. The pre mega‐larva is free‐living and can sometimes be covered with coccoliths. Internally, a large ovary with a few oocytes, a digestive system, and an internal armature with retracted scalids are present. The pre mega‐larva presumably molts into a cyst‐forming mega‐larva and thereby the ovary is now seen inside the cyst‐forming mega‐larva. The cyst‐forming mega‐larva has the same structures as in the pre mega‐larva though here the scalids are protruded and there is a gonopore. Inside the cyst‐forming mega‐larva the ovary produces more oocytes and begins to fill out the entire lumen. At this stage the cyst‐forming mega‐larva molts first to the presumed postlarval stage, and then this stage molts to a ghost‐larva. Hence, the ovary now matures inside the ghost‐larva, which is surrounded by both the cuticle of the reduced postlarval stage and the cuticle of the cyst‐forming mega‐larva. The oocytes mature into eggs, and then into embryos and finally into Higgins‐larvae while reabsorbing all the tissue of their maternal stage, the ghost‐larva. During this maturation the cuticle of the cyst‐forming mega‐larva starts to harden and become cyst‐like. The fully developed Higgins‐larvae emerge through the gonopore of the cyst‐forming mega‐larva by penetrating the thin cuticles of the ghost‐larva and the postlarva. The embryos have holoblastic radial cleavage and later a fluid‐filled blastocoel is formed. The eggshells are extremely elastic; hence, they can become very elongated as the embryos mature into Higgins‐larvae. J. Morphol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.