bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Diabetic Wound Screening and Early
Detection
Authors: Dhankhar Sanchit , Garg Nitika , Chauhan Samrat , Saini Monika 
Published: April 2024

:
The morbidity and death rates linked to diabetes mellitus are substantially increased by
foot ulcers, a prevalent consequence of the disease. Proper wound management is essential for controlling
foot ulcers. This includes monitoring the ulcers' healing progress through clinical reviews,
changing dressings as needed, treating infections with the right medications, and ensuring that the
ulcer is offloaded correctly. Taking pictures of the ulcer was a dependable way to track how diabetic
foot ulcers were healing in the past. Images of foot ulcers have recently experienced a tremendous
change due to the emergence of digital cameras in cell phones. Artificial intelligence
(AI) and other recent developments in digital health technology present a great chance to improve
the efficiency of diabetes care, which might reduce the growth in healthcare costs associated with
diabetes. Patients with diabetes can alleviate the burden on clinics and patients' transportation demands
by electronically sharing photos of their ulcers, which diabetes care providers can remotely
monitor. Improved remote monitoring of diabetic foot ulcers using smartphone apps is now possible
with the help of a new generation of AI-powered solutions. This clinical update review aims to
gather information on this trending topic so that medical professionals can be current on all the latest
advancements in the field.
Optimizing Intranasal Amisulpride Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Formulation, Development, and Characterization Parameters
Authors: Tamer Manar Adnan , Kassab Hanan Jalal 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are lipid-based nanoparticles composed
of a mixture of solid and liquid lipids, which are stabilized by the outer surface of a surfactant.

Objective:
This research aimed to prepare intranasal nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with
amisulpride to enhance its dissolution and bioavailability using different formulation compositions.

Methods:
Amisulpride nanostructured lipid carriers were formulated using ultra-sonication methods.
Solid lipids like stearic acid, palmitic acid, and glyceryl monostearate were used, while liquid
lipids like oleic acid, Imwitor 988, and isopropyl myristate were employed. Surfactants used were
cremophor®EL, tween 80, and span 20 with different co-surfactants: Transcutol HP, triacetin, and
propylene glycol in different ratios. The key metrics used in this study's evaluation were particle
size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and loading efficiency. The formulations
with the best characteristics were also subjected to an in-vitro release test.

Results:
The results showed a significant shift in some evaluation criteria with a non-significant
change in other characterizations upon switching between different types and ratios of compositions.
A biphasic release pattern was also observed. The optimum formula F19 was found to have
68.309±0.38 nm, 0.2408±0.004, -20.64±0.11 mV, 95.75±0.26 and 18.07±0.36, respectively. It was
safe on the sheep nasal membrane.

Conclusion:
The right combination of the formulation compositions based on studying the effect of
each factor on the main formulation characteristics can serve as the basis for a successful intranasal
amisulpride-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier.
Studying the Effects of Curd as a Biocatalyst in Multicomponent Biginelli Reaction
Authors: Joshi Surbhi B. , Singh Rahulkumar , Parekh Khushbu , Javiya Dhara , Gandhi Kirti , Patel Dhruv , Bariya Rahul 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Dihydropyrimidinone (DHPM) is a very useful moiety with a wide range
of applications. Synthesis of this moiety with environmentally friendly methods is the demand of
the era.

Method:
In recent research, the optimisation of curd as a biocatalyst has been studied. It has been
reported that it can be used directly in the multicomponent Biginelli synthesis of ethyl 6-methyl-2-
oxo-4-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylates under mild reaction conditions.

Result:
The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were characterized by physicochemical
and analytical methods (1H NMR, IR and LC-MS methods) and it was found that curd is suitable
for a vast variety of aromatic aldehydes to obtain the corresponding DHPMs.

Conclusion:
This new eco-friendly approach can be implemented to synthesize DHPMs for different
applications.
A Novel Design and Evaluation of a Five-phase Hybrid Excitation Partitioned Stator Flux-switching Machine
Authors: Eduku Stephen , Odonkor Ebenezer Narh , Sekyi-Ansah Joseph , Alhassan Mohammed Okoe 
Published: April 2024

Background:
In response to the need for improved performance in electric machines,
this paper introduces and evaluates a novel hybrid excitation partitioned stator flux-switching
(HEPSFS) machine. This design optimizes output torque while considering power density, torque
density, and overall efficiency.

Objective:
The primary objective is to enhance electromagnetic torque production by minimizing
flux leakage to the inner-stator core by creating an auxiliary air-gap in the inner-stator tooth. Additionally,
a partitioned stator design is adopted to accommodate armature and field windings
without space conflicts, allowing for increased windings and permanent magnets (PMs) to maximize
torque density and flux regulation capability.

Method:
A comparative analysis is performed with a conventional HEPSFS (CHEPSFS) machine
to evaluate the proposed design. Both machines share the same design dimensions and
winding configuration to ensure a fair assessment. Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations using
ANSYS Maxwell software are conducted to validate the results.

Result:
The analysis reveals that the proposed HEPSFS (PHEPSFS) machine outperforms the
conventional counterpart. It exhibits higher torque output, torque density, power density, and efficiency
while minimizing torque ripple. Moreover, at a current angle of 0 degrees, the PHEPSFS
machine shows substantial percentage improvements compared to the CHEPSFS machine: a
285% increase in torque output, a 281.39% rise in power density, a 283.82% enhancement in
torque density, and a 9.14% boost in efficiency. Furthermore, the PHEPSFS machine design reduces
torque ripple by an impressive 59.63% compared to the CHEPSFS machine design.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that the PHEPSFS design effectively optimizes torque performance,
making it a promising advancement in HEPSFS machines.
Comparison of Fluid Dynamics of Different Flow Geometries in an
Iron Flow Battery Prototype
Authors: Cooray A.C.C.J. , Kannangara Yasun Y. , Sandaruwan Chanaka , Karunarathna M.K. Vishwani , Handagama Nareshkumar B. , Rathnayake Praveen 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Renewable energy sources demand is increasing in the world
due to their less environmental effect. Solar and wind energy, which requires largescale
electrical energy storage, are major contributors to this growth. The iron flow
battery is one of the Redox flow battery technologies, which is encouraging for electrical
energy storage because of their long lifetime, flexibility to increase storage, and
minimum chemical hazard compared to conventional batteries

Method:
In this research, the engineering design and fabrication of a locally made Iron
flow battery prototype is described. Then, electrolyte flow simulation was carried out
through COMSOL Multiphysics to compare the fluid velocity and pressure profiles in
three different flow geometries such as plain, parallel, and serpentine, to select the
most compatible flow pattern for the Iron flow battery.

Result:
The resulting velocity profiles indicated that plain flow had stagnated points,
the parallel flow had uneven velocity distribution, and serpentine flow had a uniform
and high-velocity profile. The simulation results of pressure profiles showed the serpentine,
parallel, and plain flows had inlet pressures of 34.38 Pa, 10.01 Pa, and 0.254
Pa, respectively.

Conclusion:
Given that pumping power is directly proportional to the pressure gradient,
the power requirement of electrolyte pumps from highest to lowest is as serpentine
flow, parallel flow, and plain flow.
Reviewing the Therapeutic Potential of Plant-based Natural Products
Against Multidrug-resistant Bacteria (MDR)
Authors: Pandey Ragini , Gupta Puneet 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
The global health of individuals is severely threatened by drug-resistant microorganisms.
Existing antibiotics available in the market, such as penicillin, cephalosporins, new β-
lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincomycin, and quinolones, are losing their effectiveness
due to overuse and inappropriate prescribing, among other factors. This situation underscores
the urgent need to develop new antimicrobial agents. In response to this challenge, attention
has been directed towards natural products derived from plants, which have been utilized
for their medicinal benefits over an extended period. Various studies have demonstrated that
plant-based natural products exhibit antibacterial action against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria,
making them potential candidates for the development of novel antimicrobial medicines.
Plants belonging to classes, such as alkaloids, organosulfur compounds, terpenoids, coumarin,
and polyphenols have been found to possess antimicrobial properties. This paper reviews the
antimicrobial activity of plant-based natural products, whether used alone or in combination
with conventional antibiotics. Additionally, the paper explores their mechanisms against drugresistant
bacteria, the potential development of resistance against them, their current role in
medicine, and their future perspectives.
Bioactive Fractions Isolated from Harungana madagascariensisLam. and Psorospermum aurantiacumEngl. Regulate Collagen and Melanin Biosynthesis Gene Expression in UVB-irradiated Cells with Additional Anti-inflammatory Potential
Authors: Njikam Jacqueline , Joshi Apeksha , Njoya Emmanuel M. , Upadhyay Kapil , Ngnameko Corinne R. , McGaw Lyndy J. , Devkar Ranjitsinh V. , Njayou Frederic N. , Moundipa Paul F. 
Published: April 2024

`Background:
Harungana madagascariensis (HM) and Psorospermum aurantiacum
(PA), used traditionally for skin care, have been reported to upregulate the expression of intracellular
antioxidant genes, thereby preventing melanoma and protecting fibroblast cell lines
from Ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced intracellular oxidative stress.

Aims:
This investigation aimed to identify major compounds in bioactive fractions using bioassay-
guided fractionation.

Methods:
The anti-inflammatory effect of fractions was determined by measuring their inhibitory
activity on 15-lipoxygenase and nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW
264.7 macrophage cells. Additionally, the anti-aging efficacy of the fractions was determined by
assessing the expression of markers for the aging process, i.e., expression of tyrosinase
(TYR), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), procollagen type-1 (COL1A1), and matrix metalloproteinase-
1 (MMP-1) in UVB-induced photoaging in skin cell-lines. Furthermore, UHPLCMS-
based identification of the bioactive compounds from the most prominent fraction was also
carried out.

Results:
Hexane fraction of HM significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) the 15-lipoxygenase (IC50 =
46.80 μg/mL) and NO production (IC50 = 66.55 μg/mL), whereas hexane fraction of PA was
effective (p < 0.05) in inhibiting 15-lipoxygenase activity (IC50 = 27.55 μg/mL). Furthermore,
the hexane fraction of HM and methanol fraction of PA were significantly effective (p < 0.05)
in reverting the UVB-mediated altered expressions of MMP-1, TYR, TRP-1, and COL1A1. Furthermore,
hexane fraction of HM revealed the presence of harunganin and betulinic acid,
whereas vismion D, vismin, kenganthranol B, and bianthrone 1a were identified from the methanol
fraction of PA.

Conclusion:
Overall, the hexane fraction of HM and methanol fraction of PA displayed effective
anti-aging activities, with additional anti-inflammatory effects.
Anxiety: Its Management, Treatment, and Alternative
Complementary Medicine
Authors: Uppalwar Sonali V. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
In psychiatry, anxiety disorders are the most prevalent conditions
and a major contributor to disability, along with immunosuppression, endocrine conditions
like diabetes mellitus and male impotence, cognitive impairments, cardiovascular disease,
hypertension, peptic ulcer, migraine, and Alzheimer's disease. Anxiety and depression continue
to be the leading causes of death.

Objectives:
This study presents data on the use of complementary and alternative therapies
to treat anxiety.

Methods:
SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed were used to gather
literature.

Result:
It has been observed that complementary and alternative therapies are used more
than conventional therapies by people with self-defined anxiety attacks and severe depression.
Most patients visiting conventional mental health providers for these problems also
use complementary and alternative therapies. The evidence for the most effective integrative
health methods for treating anxiety disorder is presented in this review, with a focus on
the use of herbal medicine. Anxiety can be treated using a variety of psychotherapies as
well as antidepressant medication, but the risks of overconsumption, as well as interactions
with prescription medications and other drugs, are also factors to consider the herbal therapy.

Conclusion:
This review highlights the management and treatment of anxiety. However,
further larger-scale studies on alternative treatments are required.
An Energy-efficient Routing Protocol Based on Elephant Herding
Optimization in MANET
Authors: Dinesh A. , Vignesh B.P. Sreejith 
Published: April 2024

Background:
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of self-organizing
mobile nodes creating an ad hoc network without fixed infrastructure. Routing is a major issue
in mobile networks that may reduce network performance due to frequent network topology
changes. Routing protocols are so important in dynamic multi-hop networks that many studies
have focused on the routing problem in MANETs.

Methods:
In this research work, a proposed ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) with
an elephant herding optimization (EHO) called AODVEHO is used as an optimal path selection
method that creates a set of best paths between destination and source.

Results:
To validate the performance of proposed AODVEHO, AntHocNet, AODV, and designation
sequence distance vector (DSDV). Various performance measures are considered to
validate our proposed research work, such as packet delivery ratio (PDR), end-to-end delay
(E2ED), and average energy consumption (AEC).

Conclusion:
Experimental results are indicated that the AODVEHO achieved a higher routing
overhead (73 %), PDR (89.87 %), low E2ED rate (95.22 %), AEC (75.60 %), and dead nodes
(75%) when compared to other routing schemes.
Impact of a Dynamic COVID-19 Vaccination Strategy on Public Perception in India
Authors: Gupta Shibaji , Pal Indraneel , Sarkar Diptendra Kumar , Banerjee Rudradeep 
Published: April 2024

Background and Objective:
India undertakes the largest COVID-19 vaccination drive in
the world, which has undergone multiple changes since the beginning. We examined how these
changes in strategy affect public perception, which is connected to the campaign’s success.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional approach was undertaken, where all non-health worker,
who were vaccine recipients at a COVID-19 vaccination centre in Kolkata, India, and willing to participate,
were approached with a pre-tested questionnaire to understand their perception.

Results:
The majority of the participants (61.1% of 753 samples) felt that the under-18 population
should have been vaccinated earlier; 32.7% and 13.5% stated effectiveness and safety issues resulted
in changes in the vaccination strategy, respectively. A majority (50.7%) opined that vaccine shortage
necessitated postponement in the second dose of Covishield. Changes in vaccination schedules
caused confusion and chances of a longer-running COVID-19 crisis, according to 65.2% and 40.2%
of participants, respectively. Moreover, many (56.3%) were unaware of raised efficacy due to interdosage
delay. The elderly, females, salaried, and participants without any health worker in the family
had a significant chance of having an unfavourable perception towards this changing vaccination
strategy.

Conclusion:
Vaccines often undergo changes in administration strategy due to evolving evidence.
Moreover, it has been observed that a delay in the second dose increases vaccine efficacy. However,
inadequate awareness regarding such changes causes confusion and creates a misconception in the
public mind. Timely dissemination of accurate scientific information and stopping the propagation of
misinformation are necessary to address the dilemma and ensure maximum public support for the
vaccination programme.
Cocos nucifera Husk Biomass as an Effective Adsorbent for Industrial Wastewater Removal: Harnessing the Power of Nature
Authors: Sharma Rishav , Awasthi Rajendra , Malviya Rishabha 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Rapid industrialization has polluted waterways, threatened aquatic eco-systems and endangered human health. To solve this problem, sustainable industrial practices and innovative water treatment technology must be implemented to ensure clean and safe water for future generations.

Methods:
This study aimed to investigate the adsorbent capacity of Cocos nucifera husk for ineffective removal of methylene blue (MB), a cationic dye abundantly found in industrial effluent. Adsorption capacity is measured using parameters such as dye elimination percentage and polymer dosage. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, adsorption kinetics (pseudo-first, pseudo-second, and second order), and intraparticle diffusion were determined to better under-stand the adsorption process.

Results:
The increased dosage of cellulose fiber results in the availability of a greater number of adsorption sites and an increased surface area. However, the dye removal efficacy decreased after reaching a specific dosage of 0.6 g/L. A concentration of 0.05 g/L was most effective in eliminating Methylene blue (MB). The value of the separation factor (0.99) suggested a favorable adsorption isotherm. The reciprocal of the heterogeneity factor (-1.469) demonstrated the concentration-independent adsorption behavior of Fiber. Freundlich and Langmuir's isotherm model showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model demonstrated the highest level of correlation with the experimental data about the mechanism of adsorption. The Methylene blue (MB) adsorption is not limited by the intraparticle diffusion and adsorption is influenced by surface area and concentration variation of fiber as well as solvent concentration, as evidenced by low R2 value and the fact that the intraparticle diffusion plot does not intersect with the origin.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that Cocos nucifera husk can be effectively used for the treatment of wastewater.
Theoretical Foundations for the Formation of Regional Economic Policy in Domestic and Foreign Practice
Authors: Korobov S. A. , Melmont D. D. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance. This article examines the theoretical foundations of the formation and development, as an independent discipline, of regional economic policy in the works of domestic and foreign practitioners who studied such aspects as economic geography, theories of interregional development and regulatory mechanisms. The author analyzes the ongoing regional economic policy during the Soviet period and identifies its positive and negative aspects. The theoretical basis of economic policies implemented in the regions turns out to be an indispensable source of information for researchers and politicians who not only seek to understand the characteristics of the economic situation in certain regions, but also to develop effective measures for their comprehensive development.The purpose is to analyze domestic and foreign works in the field of regional economics, determine their significance for modern research, as well as identify factors influencing the development of economic indicators of the regions. Objectives: to reveal the essence of regional economic policy, to determine the degree of knowledge of regional economic policy in the works of domestic and foreign practitioners at the present stage and in past centuries.Methodology. This work uses the method of theoretical analysis of the sources of the problem under study, the method of historical and logical analysis and assessment of the current situation. Results: the main goals of regional economic policy are formulated; the theoretical foundations of regional economic policy have been identified; the contribution of domestic and foreign scientists to the development of the regional economy was considered; an analysis of the periods in which research took place in the field of territorial and economic processes in Soviet practice was carried out; the key issues on which research in the field of regional economics in the USSR focused were identified; the author's positive aspects of regional economic policy during the Soviet period are presented; It has been determined that the concept of industrial policy is the theoretical basis of the regional economy.Conclusions. Regional economics as a scientific discipline has made a huge contribution to the economic policy pursued in the regions, which has made it possible to increase the socio-economic indicators of the development of these territories.