bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turkey’s Kurdish Insurgency Reappraised (Part II)
Authors: Gunter Michael M. , Saeed Seevan 
Published: March 2024

This reappraisal of Turkey’s Kurdish insurgency picks up from where the earlier Part I left off, by revisiting from the perspective of a decade the involved rise and fall of the Kurdish Opening (2009-2015), Erdogan’s continuing “train to authoritarianism,” the failed Gulenist coup on 15 July 2016, and the surprising presidential elections held in May 2023 that reelected Erdogan yet again despite the polls seemingly showing that Kemal Kilicdaroglu, the opposition leader whom the pro-Kurdish HDP supported, might win.
Eficacia antiemética de citrato de maropitant en Felis catus premedicados con xilacina+tramadol o dexmedetomidina + tramadol en orquiectomías
Authors: Senteno Barragán Sandy Estefanía , Ayora Muñoz Jorge Luis 
Published: March 2024

Introducción. La casuística de pacientes felinos ha experimentado un aumento notable en la clínica veterinaria. Es importante destacar que no todos los gatos son dóciles durante su manejo médico; la mayoría tiende a mostrar comportamientos agresivos y nerviosos. Estas actitudes han llevado en ocasiones a la necesidad de sedar al paciente, ya sea para procedimientos cortos o prolongados. No obstante, en algunos casos, no se logra implementar el ayuno necesario por parte del paciente. Por consiguiente, el empleo de sedantes agonistas alfa-2 adrenérgicos en la premedicación de felinos suele conllevar la aparición de vómitos, incluso en aquellos pacientes que ha observado el ayuno recomendado, lo que en ciertas situaciones puede dar lugar a complicaciones como neumonías por aspiración, esofagitis y dificultades durante la intubación endotraqueal. Objetivo. El propósito fundamental de este estudio consistió en evaluar la eficacia antiemética de citrato de maropitant usado en dos protocolos de premedicación (xilacina + tramadol) y (dexmedetomidina+ tramadol) en felinos machos sometidos a cirugías de Orquiectomía. Metodología. Esta investigación se realizó en gatos jóvenes de 6-24 meses de edad, con un ayuno de 8 horas, con clasificación ASA I. Se tomó una muestra de 40 felinos, a todos los gatos se administró citrato de maropitant a una dosis de 1mg/kg SC, una hora antes a la premedicación, de forma posterior se dividió en 2 grupos de estudio de 20 gatos cada uno. En el grupo 1 se realizó la premedicación con (xilacina 1mg/Kg+ tramadol 2mg/kg) IM y en el grupo 2 (dexmedetomidina 10ug/Kg + tramadol 2mg/Kg) IM. Resultados. En este trabajo de estudio, en los resultados obtenidos, se presentaron 2 casos de Sialorrea en el primer tratamiento (10%), frente a 1 caso en el segundo (5%) (p=0,548); ningún animal se Lamió los Labios en el primer tratamiento (0%), mientras en el segundo caso, 1 animal (5%) presentó este signo (p=0,311); con respecto a la arcada, ningún animal (0%) en los dos casos manifestó este signo (p>0,999); sin que existan diferencias estadísticas en la suma de los signos negativos (p>0,999). No existió ningún caso de Emesis en los gatos jóvenes de 6-24 meses de edad tratados con maropitant (1mg/kg). Conclusión. El uso de citrato de maropitant SC controla el vómito en gatos jóvenes premedicados con alfa 2 adrenérgicos. Área de estudio: (medicina veterinaria, anestesia, premedicación, etc.)
Air Transportation Impact on a Late Preterm Neonate
Authors: Li Sheng-Ping , Hsu Po-Chang , Huang Chuang-Yen , Wu Po-Wei , Fang Hung‐Hsiang 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Neonatal air transportation is a crucial means of moving critically ill or sick neonates to specialized neonatal intensive care units or medical centers for consultation, regardless of distance or geographical limits. Proper preparation and consideration of air transport can help alleviate medical emergencies and ensure safe delivery. However, crewmembers and neonates may face stress during transportation. To date, there are few studies on neonatal air transportation in Taiwan.
CASE REPORT: We present the case of a late preterm neonate born with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and polycythemia, who was also diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus and mild pulmonary arterial hypertension on echocardiography. Due to disease progression, the neonate underwent endotracheal intubation and was subsequently transported to a medical center in Taiwan via a rotary-wing aircraft at 3 d of age. During takeoff and landing, a temporary oxygen desaturation event occurred. The physiological changes in these patients have seldom been discussed. This case emphasizes the important considerations of neonatal transport in Taiwan.
DISCUSSION: The air transport process could be influenced by both the patient’s medical condition and environmental factors. In preterm infants with cardiopulmonary conditions, thorough assessment is necessary for ensuring safe transportation.
Li S-P, Hsu P-C, Huang C-Y, Wu P-W, Fang H-H. Air transportation impact on a late preterm neonate. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(4):219–222.
Future buildings as carbon sinks: Comparative analysis of timber-based building typologies regarding their carbon emissions and storage
Authors: Dzhurko Daria , Haacke Ben , Haberbosch Asta , Köhne Linde , König Nora , Lode Frida , Marx Antonia , Mühlnickel Luka , Neunzig Nina , Niemann Annika , Polewka Henrieke , Schmidtke Lea , Von der Groeben Pia Luz Marie , Wagemann Karl , Thoma Farah , Bothe Clemens , Churkina Galina 
Published: March 2024

The building and construction sector is responsible for a large share of carbon emissions resulting in the need to reduce them to mitigate climate change. Timber construction methods promise to lower emissions combined with biogenic carbon storage in the built environment. While there are several studies comparing the emissions of mineral-based and timber-based buildings, a consistent comparison of different timber-based building assemblies is still missing. This study compares carbon emissions from material production and carbon storage capabilities of four timber-based and two brick and reinforced concrete building assemblies. These assemblies were designed for a residential multi-storey building in Berlin, Germany. To compare and rank the carbon impacts of these assemblies we introduce a carbon storage-to-emission ratio. The calculations were performed using a Carbon Cycle Assessment Model implementation in Python. The results indicate an average reduction in carbon emissions of timber-based building assemblies by 32.6% to “Brick” and 40.4% to “Reinforced Concrete”, respectively. Across the timber-based building assemblies, the carbon emissions range between 85 t and 115 t, leading to an average of 105 t per building. Pronounced differences were observed in carbon storage, with the “Dowel Laminated Timber” building assembly storing more than three times the amount of carbon compared to “Light Weight Timber” assembly. To further reduce emissions from buildings and the construction sector and potentially enhance urban carbon storage, “Glue Laminated Timber” and “Dowel Laminated Timber” building assemblies were identified as the most promising.
Endocrine and non-endocrine causes of fatigue in adults with Neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Rosenberg Anna G. W. , Mochèl Ké , Hähner Lorena M. , Ruules Lara , Davidse Kirsten , Bos-Roubos Anja G. , van Dijk Sarah A. , Zillikens M. Carola , Taal Walter , van der Lely Aart J. , de Graaff Laura C. G. 
Published: March 2024

ContextNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a complex system disorder, caused by alterations in RAS pathways. NF1 adults often suffer from chronic and severe fatigue, for which they are frequently referred to Internal Medicine/Endocrinology. Seeking medical help often leads to (invasive) diagnostic procedures. To prevent the personal and financial burden of this disabling fatigue, it is crucial to know the causes.ObjectiveTo explore somatic causes and provide practical recommendations for the approach to fatigue in adults with NF1.DesignCross-sectional. All adults with NF1 (N = 133) who visited our Endocrinology department underwent a systematic health screening, including a medical questionnaire, structured interview, complete physical examination, biochemical measurements and additional tests if indicated.Main outcome measurePrevalence of endocrine and non-endocrine health problems between NF1 adults with and without fatigue.ResultsIn our cohort, 75% of NF1 adults experienced fatigue. The most frequent endocrine disorders were vitamin D deficiency (28%), obesity (18%) and hypothyroidism (8%). The most frequent non-endocrine internal disorder was high blood pressure (42%). None of the disorders differed significantly between adults with and without fatigue.ConclusionsEndocrine and non-endocrine disorders were equally present in our cohort of NF1 adults with and without fatigue. This suggests that the high prevalence of fatigue in NF1 adults is not explained by these somatic disorders. An alternative explanation for fatigue might be deficits in cognitive functioning and other neuropsychological processes in NF1. Based on our results and review of the literature, we provide a clinical algorithm for the approach to fatigue in NF1 adults, including somatic and psychological assessment.
Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in population with chronic kidney disease: evidence from NHANES (2001–2018)
Authors: Gu Linguo , Xia Zhenkun , Qing Bei , Wang Wei , Chen Hongzuo , Wang Juan , Chen Ying , Gai Zhengling , Hu Rui , Yuan Yunchang 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo examine the correlation between SIRI and the probability of cardiovascular mortality as well as all-cause mortality in individuals with chronic kidney disease.MethodsA cohort of 3,262 participants from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database were included in the study. We categorized participants into five groups based on the stage of chronic kidney disease. A weighted Cox regression model was applied to assess the relationship between SIRI and mortality. Subgroup analyses, Kaplan–Meier survival curves, and ROC curves were conducted. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to elucidate the detailed association between SIRI and hazard ratio (HR).ResultsThis study included a cohort of 3,262 individuals, of whom 1,535 were male (weighted proportion: 42%), and 2,216 were aged 60 or above (weighted proportion: 59%). Following adjustments for covariates like age, sex, race, and education, elevated SIRI remained a significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality (HR=2.50, 95%CI: 1.62-3.84, p&lt;0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR=3.02, 95%CI: 2.03-4.51, p&lt;0.001) in CKD patients. The restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between SIRI and cardiovascular mortality, with SIRI&gt;1.2 identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients.ConclusionHeightened SIRI independently poses a risk for both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease patients, with potentially heightened significance in the early stages (Stage I to Stage III) of chronic kidney disease.
Integrated plasma metabolomic and cytokine analysis reveals a distinct immunometabolic signature in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Ma Emily Z. , Deng Junwen , Parthasarathy Varsha , Lee Kevin K. , Pritchard Thomas , Guo Shenghao , Zhang Cissy , Kwatra Madan M. , Le Anne , Kwatra Shawn G. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceDisease models for atopic dermatitis (AD) have primarily focused on understanding underlying environmental, immunologic, and genetic etiologies. However, the role of metabolic mechanisms in AD remains understudied.ObjectiveTo investigate the circulating blood metabolomic and cytokine profile of AD as compared to healthy control patients.DesignThis study collected plasma from 20 atopic dermatitis with moderate-to-severe itch (score of ≥5 on the itch Numeric Rating Scale and IGA score ≥3) and 24 healthy control patients. Mass-spectrometry based metabolite data were compared between AD and healthy controls. Unsupervised and supervised machine learning algorithms and univariate analysis analyzed metabolic concentrations. Metabolite enrichment and pathway analyses were performed on metabolites with significant fold change between AD and healthy control patients. To investigate the correlation between metabolites levels and cytokines, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were calculated between metabolites and cytokines.SettingPatients were recruited from the Johns Hopkins Itch Center and dermatology outpatient clinics in the Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center.ParticipantsThe study included 20 atopic dermatitis patients and 24 healthy control patients.Main outcomes and measuresFold changes of metabolites in AD vs healthy control plasma.ResultsIn patients with AD, amino acids isoleucine, tyrosine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, methionine, and phenylalanine, the amino acid derivatives creatinine, indole-3-acrylic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine, L-carnitine, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, N-acetylaspartic acid, and the fatty amide oleamide had greater than 2-fold decrease (all P-values&lt;0.0001) compared to healthy controls. Enriched metabolites were involved in branched-chain amino acid (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) degradation, catecholamine biosynthesis, thyroid hormone synthesis, threonine metabolism, and branched and long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Dysregulated metabolites in AD were positively correlated cytokines TARC and MCP-4 and negatively correlated with IL-1a and CCL20.Conclusions and relevanceOur study characterized novel dysregulated circulating plasma metabolites and metabolic pathways that may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. These metabolic pathways serve as potential future biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the treatment of AD.
The association of three vaccination doses with reduced gastrointestinal symptoms after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Hong Yu , Che Tianyi , Shen Xiangguo , Chen Jie , Wang Kui , Zhao Lingying , Gao Weitong , Zhang Yao , Ge Wensong , Gu Yubei , Zou Duowu 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe protective efficacy of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination against the new-onset gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms following COVID-19 infection is critical among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the optimal protective vaccine dose remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify whether there is a correlation between SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations and GI symptoms following Omicron infection in patients with IBD.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study of IBD patients among three tertiary hospitals in eastern China. Professional physicians collected all data using online questionnaires. The patients were stratified into four groups: patients who were unvaccinated and patients who received one, two, or three vaccination doses. The primary outcome was the presence of any new-onset GI symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection before a negative SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test or a negative self-testing for antigens.ResultsIn total, 536 patients with IBD (175 unvaccinated, 31 vaccinated, 166 vaccinated with two doses, and 164 vaccinated with three doses) reported having COVID-19 infection. Compared with the unvaccinated, the three vaccination doses group was associated with reduced GI symptoms after infection (adjusted odds ratio = 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.34–0.90, P &lt; 0.05). Reduced diarrhea (adjusted odds ratio = 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.31–0.92, P &lt; 0.05) and nausea or vomiting (adjusted odds ratio = 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.21–0.92, P &lt; 0.05) were observed in the three vaccination doses group compared with the unvaccinated group.ConclusionsIn conclusion, in the 536 patients with IBD who reported COVID-19 infection, we found that the three vaccination doses, but not the one or two doses group, were associated with reduced GI symptoms after infection compared with the unvaccinated group.
Soil microbial community are more sensitive to ecological regions than cropping systems in alpine annual grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Luo Feng , Mi Wenbo , Liu Wenhui , Ma Xiang , Liu KaiQiang , Ju Zeliang , Li Wen 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionModern agriculture emphasizes the design of cropping systems using ecological function and production services to achieve sustainability. The functional characteristics of plants (grasses vs. legumes) affect changes in soil microbial communities that drive agroecosystem services. Information on the relationship between legume-grass mixtures and soil microorganisms in different ecological zones guides decision-making toward eco-friendly and sustainable forage production. However, it is still poorly understood how cropping patterns affect soil microbial diversity in alpine grasslands and whether this effect varies with altitude.MethodsTo fill this gap in knowledge, we conducted a field study to investigate the effects of growing oats (Avena sativa L.), forage peas (Pisum sativum L.), common cornflower (Vicia sativa L.), and fava beans (Vicia faba L.) in monocultures and mixtures on the soil microbial communities in three ecological zones of the high alpine zone.ResultsWe found that the fungal and bacterial community structure differed among the cropping patterns, particularly the community structure of the legume mixed cropping pattern was very different from that of monocropped oats. In all ecological zones, mixed cropping significantly (p  &lt; 0.05) increased the α-diversity of the soil bacteria and fungi compared to oat monoculture. The α-diversity of the soil bacteria tended to increase with increasing elevation (MY [2,513 m] &lt; HZ [2,661 m]  &lt; GN [3,203 m]), while the opposite was true for fungi (except for the Chao1 index in HZ, which was the lowest). Mixed cropping increased the abundance of soil fungi and bacteria across ecological zones, particularly the relative abundances of Nitrospira, Nitrososphaera, Phytophthora, and Acari. Factors affecting the bacterial community structure included the cropping pattern, the ecological zone, water content, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrate reductase, and soil capacity, whereas factors affecting fungal community structure included the cropping pattern, the ecological zone, water content, pH, microbial biomass nitrogen, and catalase.DiscussionOur study highlights the variation in soil microbial communities among different in alpine ecological regions and their resilience to cropping systems. Our results also underscore that mixed legume planting is a sustainable and effective forage management practice for the Tibetan Plateau.
Modulation of expression of Connexins 37, 40 and 43 in endothelial cells in culture
Authors: Zhuang Wenqing , Mitrou Nick G. A. , Kulak Steve , Cupples William A. , Braam Branko 
Published: March 2024

Connexin (Cx) 37, 40, and 43 are implicated in vascular function, specifically in the electrical coupling of endothelial cells and vascular smooth-muscle cells. In the present study, we investigated whether factors implicated in vascular dysfunction can modulate the gene expression of Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43 and whether this is associated with changes in endothelial layer barrier function in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). First, HMEC-1 were subjected to stimuli for 4 and 8 h. We tested their responses to DETA-NONOate, H2O2, high glucose, and angiotensin II, none of which relevantly affected the transcription of the connexin genes. Next, we tested inflammatory factors IL-6, interferon gamma (IFNγ), and TNFα. IFNγ (10 ng/mL) consistently induced Cx40 expression at 4 and 8 h to 10–20-fold when corrected for the control. TNFα and IL-6 resulted in small but significant depressions of Cx37 expression at 4 h. Two JAK inhibitors, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (100–250 μM) and AG490 (100–250 μM), dose-dependently inhibited the induction of Cx40 expression by IFNγ. Subsequently, HMEC-1 were subjected to 10 ng/mL IFNγ for 60 h, and intercellular and transcellular impedance was monitored by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). In response to IFNγ, junctional-barrier impedance increased more than cellular-barrier impedance; this was prevented by AG490 (5 μM). In conclusion, IFNγ can strongly induce Cx40 expression and modify the barrier properties of the endothelial cell membrane through the JAK/STAT pathway. Moreover, the Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43 expression in endothelial cells is stable and, apart from IFNγ, not affected by a number of factors implicated in endothelial dysfunction and vascular diseases.
Rethinking the effects of adjuvant beam radiation therapy on overall survival in atypical meningioma patients: age considerations
Authors: Li Chao , Qin Jiajun , Xue Fei , Shen Zhaoli , Lin Qi , Xue Yajun , Chen Xianzhen 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the effects of adjuvant beam radiation therapy (ABRT) on overall survival (OS) in patients with primary single intracranial atypical meningioma (AM), with a focus on age-related outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study using data from SEER database. Our cohort consisted of patients diagnosed with a primary single intracranial AM tumor and had undergone surgery. The primary endpoint was OS. For survival analysis, univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis were performed. A multivariable additive Cox model was used to assess the functional relationship between age and OS in patients with or without ABRT.ResultsOf the 2,759 patients included, 1,650 underwent gross total resection and 833 received ABRT. Multivariable Cox analysis indicated that ABRT did not significantly influence OS across the entire cohort. According to the multivariable generalized additive Cox model, the relative risk of all-cause mortality increased with advancing age in both ABRT-yes and ABRT-no group. ABRT-yes had a lower relative risk than ABRT-no when age ≤ 55 years old while a higher relative risk when age &gt; 55 years old. Subsequent multivariable Cox analysis showed that ABRT was associated with a significant lower risk for all-cause mortality in patients with age ≤ 55 years old while a significant higher risk in patients with age &gt; 55 years old.ConclusionOur study found that ABRT enhanced OS in younger primary single intracranial AM patients. But we also revealed a negative correlation between OS and ABRT in older patients.