bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red Meat Intake, Doneness, Polymorphisms in Genes that Encode Carcinogen-Metabolizing Enzymes, and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Cotterchio Michelle , Boucher Beatrice A. , Manno Michael , Gallinger Steven , Okey Allan B. , Harper Patricia A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractColorectal cancer literature regarding the interaction between polymorphisms in carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes and red meat intake/doneness is inconsistent. A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the interaction between red meat consumption, doneness, and polymorphisms in carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes. Colorectal cancer cases diagnosed 1997 to 2000, ages 20 to 74 years, were identified through the population-based Ontario Cancer Registry and recruited by the Ontario Family Colorectal Cancer Registry. Controls were sex-matched and age group-matched random sample of Ontario population. Epidemiologic and food questionnaires were completed by 1,095 cases and 1,890 controls; blood was provided by 842 and 1,251, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted odds ratio (OR) estimates. Increased red meat intake was associated with increased colorectal cancer risk [OR (&gt;5 versus ≤2 servings/wk), 1.67 (1.36-2.05)]. Colorectal cancer risk also increased significantly with well-done meat intake [OR (&gt;2 servings/wk well-done versus ≤2 servings/wk rare-regular), 1.57 (1.27-1.93)]. We evaluated interactions between genetic variants in 15 enzymes involved in the metabolism of carcinogens in overcooked meat (cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, SULT, NAT, mEH, and AHR). CYP2C9 and NAT2 variants were associated with colorectal cancer risk. Red meat intake was associated with increased colorectal cancer risk regardless of genotypes; however, CYP1B1 combined variant and SULT1A1-638G&gt;A variant significantly modified the association between red meat doneness intake and colorectal cancer risk. In conclusion, well-done red meat intake was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer regardless of carcinogen-metabolizing genotype, although our data suggest that persons with CYP1B1 and SULT1A1 variants had the highest colorectal cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3098–107)
Cervical Cancer Control Research in Vietnamese American Communities
Authors: Taylor Victoria M. , Nguyen Tung T. , Jackson J. Carey , McPhee Stephen J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCensus data show that the U.S. Vietnamese population now exceeds 1,250,000. Cervical cancer among Vietnamese American women has been identified as an important health disparity. Available data indicate the cervical cancer disparity may be due to low Papanicolaou (Pap) testing rates rather than variations in human papillomavirus infection rates and/or types. The cervical cancer incidence rates among Vietnamese and non-Latina White women in California during 2000 to 2002 were 14.0 and 7.3 per 100,000, respectively. Only 70% of Vietnamese women who participated in the 2003 California Health Interview Survey reported a recent Pap smear compared with 84% of non-Latina White women. Higher levels of cervical cancer screening participation among Vietnamese women are strongly associated with current/previous marriage, having a usual source of care/doctor, and previous physician recommendation. Vietnamese language media campaigns and lay health worker intervention programs have been effective in increasing Pap smear use in Vietnamese American communities. Cervical cancer control programs for Vietnamese women should address knowledge deficits, enable women who are without a usual source of care to find a primary care doctor, and improve patient-provider communication by encouraging health-care providers to recommend Pap testing as well as by empowering women to ask for testing. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):2924–30)
Effect of Reproductive Factors and Oral Contraceptives on Breast Cancer Risk inBRCA1/2Mutation Carriers and Noncarriers: Results from a Population-Based Study
Authors: Lee Eunjung , Ma Huiyan , McKean-Cowdin Roberta , Van Den Berg David , Bernstein Leslie , Henderson Brian E. , Ursin Giske 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground: Multiparity and breast-feeding reduce breast cancer risk, whereas oral contraceptive use may slightly increase breast cancer risk in the general population. However, the effects of these factors in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are less clear.Methods: Case patients were 1,469 women from Los Angeles County ages 20 to 49 years with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Control subjects were 444 women without breast cancer, individually matched to a subset of cases on race, age, and neighborhood. BRCA1/2 genes were sequenced in the cases, and odds ratios of breast cancer associated with various reproductive and hormonal factors in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and noncarriers were estimated using multivariable logistic regression.Results: Ninety-four women had a deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Number of full-term pregnancies was inversely associated with breast cancer risk regardless of BRCA1/2 mutation status. Longer breast-feeding duration was protective among noncarriers but not among mutation carriers; however, this apparent effect modification was not statistically significant (P = 0.23). Neither oral contraceptive use overall nor the use of low-dose oral contraceptives was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in any subgroup.Conclusions: Our results suggest that parity protects against breast cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, whereas breast-feeding does not. Our data suggest no association between oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Further confirmation that currently available low-dose oral contraceptives do not increase breast cancer risk in carriers is important from a public health perspective given the high prevalence of oral contraceptive use in the United States. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3170–8)
Vitamin D and Prevention of Colorectal Adenoma: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Melissa Y. , Garland Cedric F. , Gorham Edward D. , Mohr Sharif B. , Giovannucci Edward 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground: Vitamin D status is associated inversely with risk of colorectal cancer, but the association with adenoma risk is less clear. This meta-analysis examined the overall relationship between circulating (plasma or serum) 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], vitamin D intake (dietary, supplemental, or total), and colorectal adenoma incidence in published studies.Methods: A meta-analysis composed of 17 epidemiologic studies [1 cross-sectional, 9 case-control, and 7 cohort or nested case-control studies; 7 on 25(OH)D and 12 on vitamin D intake] published before December 2007 was done to examine the association between circulating 25(OH)D, vitamin D intake, and colorectal adenomas. Summary Peto odds ratios (OR) were computed for overall and stratified analyses.Results: Circulating 25(OH)D was inversely associated with risk of colorectal adenomas: the OR was 0.70 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.56-0.87] for high versus low circulating 25(OH)D. The highest quintile of vitamin D intake was associated with an 11% marginally decreased risk of colorectal adenomas compared with low vitamin D intake (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.78-1.02). For recurrent adenomas, there was a decreased risk of 12% (95% CI, 0.72-1.07) among individuals with high versus low vitamin D intake. The inverse associations appeared stronger for advanced adenoma [OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45-0.90 for serum 25(OH)D and OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.95 for vitamin D intake], but the number of studies was small.Conclusions: Both circulating 25(OH)D and vitamin D intake were inversely associated with colorectal adenoma incidence and recurrent adenomas. These results further support a role of vitamin D in prevention of colorectal adenoma incidence and recurrence. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):2958–69)
Breast Cancer Incidence and the Effect of Cigarette Smoking in Heterozygous Carriers of Mutations in the Ataxia-Telangiectasia Gene
Authors: Swift Michael , Lukin Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground: Mutations in the ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) gene cause an autosomal recessive syndrome in homozygotes and compound heterozygotes and predispose female heterozygous carriers to breast cancer. No environmental agent has been previously shown to increase the risk of cancer for women who carry a mutated gene that predisposes to breast cancer. This study assesses the effect of cigarette smoking on the risk of breast cancer in A-T mutation carriers and determines age-specific and cumulative incidence rates for breast cancer among such carriers.Methods: Clinical data were collected between 1971 and 1999 from blood relatives from 274 families of patients with A-T. The A-T mutation carrier status of 973 females was determined by molecular analysis of blood and tissue samples. The breast cancer rates in carrier smokers and nonsmokers were compared. Age-specific and cumulative breast cancer rates were also compared between carriers and noncarriers using Kaplan-Meier survival curves.Results: The cumulative incidence through age 80 years was 80% for carriers who smoked and 21% for carriers who never smoked (P = 0.01). Six cases of breast cancer were diagnosed between ages 70 and 79 years among carriers who smoked. The cumulative breast cancer incidence among A-T mutation carriers was 43% by age 80 years, compared with 17% for noncarriers (P = 0.002). Carriers had new incident breast cancers at an annual rate of 1.4% from ages 65 through 79 years; for noncarriers the rate was 0.20%.Conclusions: A-T carrier females had an elevated risk of breast cancer, most pronounced at older ages, compared with noncarriers, and smoking increased this risk substantially. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3188–92)
Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort
Authors: Brinton Louise A. , Richesson Douglas , Leitzmann Michael F. , Gierach Gretchen L. , Schatzkin Arthur , Mouw Traci , Hollenbeck Albert R. , Lacey James V. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground: Results from the Women's Health Initiative trial raise new questions regarding the effects of estrogen therapy (ET) and estrogen plus progestin therapy (EPT) on breast cancer risk.Methods: We analyzed data from 126,638 females, ages 50 to 71 years at baseline, who completed two questionnaires (1995-1996 and 1996-1997) as part of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Cohort Study and in whom 3,657 incident breast cancers were identified through June 30, 2002. Hormone-associated relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of breast cancer were estimated via multivariable regression models.Results: Among thin women (body mass index &lt;25 kg/m2), ET use was associated with a significant 60% excess risk after 10 years of use. EPT was associated with a significantly increased risk among women with intact uteri, with the highest risk among current, long-term (≥10 years) users (RR, 2.44; 95% CI, 2.13-2.79). These risks were slightly higher when progestins were prescribed continuously than sequentially (&lt;15 days/mo; respective RRs of 2.76 versus 2.01). EPT associations were strongest in thin women, but elevated risks persisted among heavy women. EPT use was strongly related to estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors, requiring consideration of this variable when assessing relationships according to other clinical features. For instance, ER- ductal tumors were unaffected by EPT use, but all histologic subgroups of ER+ tumors were increased, especially low-grade and mixed ductal-lobular tumors.Conclusions: Both ET and EPT were associated with breast cancer risks with the magnitude of increase varying according to body mass and clinical characteristics of the tumors. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3150–60)
One-Carbon Metabolism Biomarkers and Risk of Colon and Rectal Cancers
Authors: Weinstein Stephanie J. , Albanes Demetrius , Selhub Jacob , Graubard Barry , Lim Unhee , Taylor Philip R. , Virtamo Jarmo , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Background: Folate intake has been associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk; however, few studies have prospectively examined circulating folate or other related one-carbon biomarkers.
Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort of 50- to 69-year-old Finnish men to investigate associations between serum folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, riboflavin, and homocysteine and risk of colon and rectal cancers. Controls were alive and cancer-free at the time of case diagnosis and matched 1:1 on age and date of baseline fasting serum collection with cases (152 colon and 126 rectal cancers). Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using conditional logistic regression.
Results: Serum vitamin B6 was inversely associated with colon cancer [odds ratio, 0.30 (95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.82) in the highest versus lowest quintile]. An increased risk of colon cancer was suggested for men in the middle quintile of serum folate, but without indication of a dose-response relationship. None of the other serum biomarkers were associated with colon or rectal cancer, and we observed no interactions with alcohol consumption or methionine or protein intake. A priori combinations of the five one-carbon serum biomarkers provided no clear evidence to support a collective influence on colorectal cancer risk.
Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that higher vitamin B6 status may play a role in inhibiting colon cancer carcinogenesis; however, folate and other one-carbon related biomarkers were not associated with colon or rectal cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3233–40)
The CREST Biorepository: A Tool for Molecular Epidemiology and Translational Studies on Malignant Mesothelioma, Lung Cancer, and Other Respiratory Tract Diseases
Authors: Donatella Ugolini , Monica Neri , Aldo Canessa Pier , Cristina Casilli , Giuseppe Catrambone , Paolo Ivaldi Giovanni , Cecilia Lando , Paola Marroni , Michela Paganuzzi , Barbara Parodi , Paola Visconti , Riccardo Puntoni , Stefano Bonassi 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Objectives: The Cancer of RESpiratory Tract (CREST) biorepository was established to investigate biological mechanisms and to develop tools and strategies for primary and secondary prevention of respiratory tract cancer. The CREST biorepository is focused on pleural malignant mesothelioma, a rare and severe cancer linked to asbestos exposure whose incidence is particularly high in the Ligurian region.
Methods: The CREST biorepository includes biological specimens from (a) patients with pleural malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer, (b) patients with nonneoplastic respiratory conditions, and (c) control subjects. Whole blood, plasma, serum, lymphocytes, pleural fluid, saliva, and biopsies are collected, and a questionnaire is administered. Collection, transportation, and storage are done according to international standards.
Results: As of January 31, 2008, the overall number of subjects recruited was 1,590 (446 lung cancer, 209 pleural malignant mesothelioma, and 935 controls). The biorepository includes a total of 10,055 aliquots (4,741 serum; 3,082 plasma; 1,599 whole blood; 633 pleural fluid; and 561 lymphocytes) and 107 biopsies. Demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic information is collected for each subject and processed in a dedicated database.
Conclusions: The CREST biorepository is a valuable tool for molecular epidemiology and translational studies. This structure relies on a network of contacts with local health districts that allows for an active search for patients. This is a particularly efficient approach, especially when the object of the study is a rare cancer type. The CREST experience suggests that the presence of limited resources can be overcome by the biorepository specialization, the high quality of the epidemiologic information, and the variety of samples. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3013–19)
Tooth Loss and Lack of Regular Oral Hygiene Are Associated with Higher Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Abnet Christian C. , Kamangar Farin , Islami Farhad , Nasrollahzadeh Dariush , Brennan Paul , Aghcheli Karim , Merat Shahin , Pourshams Akram , Marjani Haj Amin , Ebadati Abdolhakim , Sotoudeh Masoud , Boffetta Paolo , Malekzadeh Reza , Dawsey Sanford M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe tested the association between tooth loss and oral hygiene and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in people living in a high-risk area of Iran. We used a case-control study of pathologically confirmed ESCC cases (n = 283) and controls (n = 560) matched on sex, age, and neighborhood. Subjects with ESCC had significantly more decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT) with a median (interquartile range) of 31 (23-32) compared with controls 28 (16-32; P = 0.0045). Subjects with ESCC were significantly more likely than controls to fail to practice regular oral hygiene (78% versus 58%). In multivariate-adjusted conditional logistic regression models, having 32 DMFT compared with ≤15 conferred an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.10 (1.19-3.70). Compared with daily tooth brushing, practicing no regular oral hygiene conferred an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.37 (1.42-3.97). Restricting the analysis to subjects that had never smoked tobacco did not materially alter these results. We found significant associations between two markers of poor oral hygiene, a larger number of DMFT and lack of daily tooth brushing, and risk of ESCC in a population at high risk for ESCC where many cases occur in never smokers. Our results are consistent with several previous analyses in other high-risk populations. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3062–8)
Infectious Agents and Colorectal Cancer: A Review ofHelicobacter pylori, Streptococcus bovis, JC Virus, and Human Papillomavirus
Authors: Burnett-Hartman Andrea N. , Newcomb Polly A. , Potter John D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBased on the high volume of bacteria and viruses that the intestine is exposed to and the importance of infectious agents in some gastrointestinal and anogenital cancers, it is not surprising the many studies have evaluated the association between colorectal cancer and infectious agents. This review highlights investigations of four agents in relation to colorectal cancer. Helicobacter pylori, Streptococcus bovis, JC virus, and human papillomavirus have all been evaluated as possible etiologic agents for colorectal cancer. For each of these agents, a review of possible mechanisms for carcinogenesis and epidemiologic evidence is discussed, and future directions for research are proposed. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):2970–79)
Frequent Alterations of p16INK4a and p14ARF in Oral Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia
Authors: Kresty Laura A. , Mallery Susan R. , Knobloch Thomas J. , Li Junan , Lloyd Mary , Casto Bruce C. , Weghorst Christopher M. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) represents a rare but highly aggressive form of oral leukoplakia with &gt;70% progressing to malignancy. Yet, PVL remains biologically and genetically poorly understood. This study evaluated the cell cycle regulatory genes, p16INK4a and p14ARF, for homozygous deletion, loss of heterozygosity, and mutation events in 20 PVL cases. Deletion of exon 1β, 1α, or 2 was detected in 40%, 35%, and 0% of patients, respectively. Deletions of exons 1α and 1β markedly exceed levels reported in non-PVL dysplasias and approximate or exceed levels reported in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Allelic imbalance was assessed for markers reported to be highly polymorphic in squamous cell carcinomas and in oral dysplasias. Loss of heterozygosity was detected in 35.3%, 26.3%, and 45.5% of PVLs for the markers IFNα, D9S1748, and D9S171, respectively. INK4a and ARF sequence alterations were detected in 20% and 10% of PVL lesions, accordingly. These data show, for the first time, that both p16INK4a and p14ARF aberrations are common in oral verrucous leukoplakia; however, the mode and incidence of inactivation events differ considerably from those reported in non-PVL oral premalignancy. Specifically, concomitant loss of p16INK4a and p14ARF occurred in 45% of PVL patients greatly exceeding loss reported in non-PVL dysplastic oral epithelium (15%). In addition, p14ARF exon 1β deletions were highly elevated in PVLs compared with non-PVL dysplasias. These data illustrate that molecular alterations, even within a specific genetic region, are associated with distinct histologic types of oral premalignancy, which may affect disease progression, treatment strategies, and ultimately patient prognosis. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3179–87)
The Politics of Care and Female District Councillors in Hong Kong
Authors:   Catherine,   Evelyn
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study aims to understand the difficulties faced by women politicians using a theoretical construct proposed by some feminist scholars; in particular, the tension between feminine (ethics of care) and masculine (ethics of justice) politics. The career histories of four female district councillors in Hong Kong are presented. Generally speaking, without affirmative action, it is particularly difficult for married women to juggle domestic and community roles without family support; and among younger women, few with young children or planning to have children are attracted to the long work hours, modest income, and job insecurity of a political career. We also observe that women politicians can win local elections by demonstrating that they care deeply about their electorate's needs, especially in grassroots areas, and their daily responsibilities show that much of what they do, and do well, involves care work. However, there is a disconnection between the practice of care and the masculine political power structure. We argue that a good starting point in reducing the gap is for political structures to, firstly, recognise that ethics of justice must take account of women's burden of care, and to, secondly, start 'speaking' care.
An Old Catholic Response to 'The Local and Universal Dimensions of the Church'
Authors: Smit Peter-Ben 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper responds from an Old Catholic perspective to the report 'The Local and Universal Dimensions of the Church.' Specifically, it raises questions about the composition of the dialogue that produced the report and the potential of a Eucharistic ecclesiology for ecumenical rapprochement, and it offers further reflections on catholicity and apostolicity, as well as the episcopal ministry in a local and supra-local context from an Old Catholic point of view.
Nature, Formative Power and Intellect in the Natural Philosophy of Albert the Great
Authors: Takahashi Adam 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe Dominican theologian Albert the Great (ca. 1200-1280) was one of the first to investigate into the system of the world on the basis of an acquaintance with the entire Aristotelian corpus, which he read under the influence of Islamic philosophers. The present study aims to understand the core of Albert's natural philosophy. Albert's emblematic phrase, “every work of nature is the work of intelligence” (omne opus naturae est opus intelligentiae), expresses the conviction that natural things are produced by the intellects that move the celestial bodies, just as houses are made by architects moving their instruments. Albert tried to fathom the secret of generation of natural things with his novel notion of “formative power” (virtus formativa), which flows from the celestial intellects into the sublunary elements. His conception of the natural world represents an alternative to the dominant medieval view on the relationship between the artificial and the natural.