bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors of chronic postsurgical pain following gastrointestinal surgery: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Stryhn Josephine , Rosendahl Amalie , Juhl Carsten B. , Thomsen Thordis , Brandstrup Birgitte , Møller Ann M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) presents a considerable healthcare challenge, impacting patients, and healthcare providers, particularly in the context of gastrointestinal surgery. The notable incidence of CPSP in this specific surgical domain emphasizes the need to identify patients with a high risk of developing this condition. Despite various studies exploring this topic, a comprehensive systematic review focusing on prognostic factors of CPSP following gastrointestinal surgery is currently lacking. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is, through systematically examination of existing literature, to assess both established and potentially novel prognostic factors, associated with CPSP following gastrointestinal surgery.MethodsAdhering to the Cochrane Handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta‐Analysis Protocols (PRISMA‐P) checklist, we will use pre‐established criteria based on Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Timing, and Setting (PICOT‐S), to determine eligibility for inclusion. Essentially, this entails studies reporting on prognostic factors of CPSP following gastrointestinal surgery. Relevant studies will be identified through systematic searches in medical databases, examination of reference lists from included studies, and screening of Clinicaltrials.gov. No restrictions will be imposed regarding language, publication time or source, and both randomized trials and observational studies will be included. Data extraction will follow the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of prognostic factor studies (CHARMS‐PF) and for quality assessment, we will use the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool.ResultsThe aim for the systematic review is to identify and assess the prognostic value of potential factors for the development of CPSP following gastrointestinal surgery.ConclusionBy creating a comprehensive overview of important prognostic factors for the development of CPSP following gastrointestinal surgery, the findings of this systematic review have the potential to guide future research and to enhance patient information resources.
Evaluation of the anticarcinogenic effects of Rutin on brain tissue in mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma by micro‐computed tomography and histological methods
Authors: Ocak Mert , Ateş Şükrü , Kahveci Selda , Okan Aslı , Doğanyiğit Züleyha , Uçar Sümeyye , Yılmaz Seher 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundStudies for new treatment strategies on cancer continue, and new searches continue in the diagnosis and evaluation of cancer. This study examined the possible anticarcinogenic effect of Rutin on the brain tissues of male mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC).Material and methodsWe used micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and histologically Hematoxylin&Eosin (H&E) staining methods for evaluation.ResultsIn the evaluation results, we saw a significant decrease in the brain volume of the tumor group to the control group. The difference in volume between the Rutin treatment group and the control group was not significant. In the brain tissues of the tumor group, numerous degenerated neurons characterized by pericellular/perivascular space expansion, cell swelling, or expansion were detected in the cortex and hippocampus regions. We showed a reduction in the damage rate in the Rutin treated group.ConclusionAs a result, Rutin was found to have an anticarcinogenic effect. In addition to the classical histological evaluation, we used a newer method, micro‐CT, in our study. We believe that this study has important results both in terms of its originality and adding new information to the literature.
‘No zone’ approach in the management of penetrating neck injuries – an Australian Tertiary Trauma Centre experience
Authors: Chandrananth Meera L. , Lee Jordan D. , Read David , Shakerian Rose 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposePenetrating neck injuries (PNIs), defined as deep to the platysma, can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Management has evolved from a zone‐based approach to a ‘no zone’ algorithm, resulting in reduced non‐therapeutic neck exploration rates. The aim of this study was to examine PNIs and its management trends in an Australian tertiary trauma centre, to determine if a ‘no zone’ approach could be safely implemented in this population, as has been demonstrated internationally.MethodologyThis was a retrospective observational study at a level 1 adult Australian tertiary trauma centre using prospectively collated data from January 2008 to December 2018. Observed data included age, gender, mechanism of injury, computed tomography angiography (CT‐A) use and operative intervention. Patients were examined based on zone of injury and presenting signs – ‘hard’, ‘soft’ or ‘asymptomatic’. Major outcomes were CT‐A usage, positive CT‐A correlation with therapeutic neck explorations and negative neck exploration rates.ResultsThis study identified 238 PNI patients, with 204 selected for review. Most injuries occurred in zone 2 (71.6%), with soft signs accounting for 53.4% of cases. Over 10 years, CT‐A utilization increased from 55% to 94.1%, with positive CT‐As being more likely to yield therapeutic neck explorations. There was a general decreased trend in operative intervention but without a clear reduction in non‐therapeutic neck explorations.ConclusionOur data suggests similarities with results from around the world, demonstrating that the ‘no zone’ approach should be considered when managing PNIs, but with clinician discretion in individual cases.
Letter: Impact of antiviral treatment on renal function in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Wang Jian , Fan Tao , Zhang Shaoqiu , Wu Chao , Huang Rui 
Published: March 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Hong et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17819 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17937
The impact of compulsory primary education law on the educational attainment of children: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Dang Binh Thi Thanh , Hoang Trung Xuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examines the short‐term impact of the compulsory primary education law (CPEL) on the educational attainment of children in Vietnam. This study uses the 1999 Vietnam Population and Housing Census and survival analysis to account for the right‐censoring problem in the educational outcomes of children. The study found that CPEL reduces the dropout rate of children by 12%. However, the effect is minor, especially when compared with the impact of family income and parents' education. This finding is similar to those of other studies, suggesting that in addition to CPEL, other family income support and parent‐oriented policies are crucial to improving children's educational attainment.
Factors related to post‐thoracotomy pain following robotic‐assisted thoracic surgery
Authors: Tokuishi Keita , Wakahara Jun‐ichi , Ueda Yuichiro , Miyahara So , Nakashima Hiroyasu , Masuda Yoshiko , Waseda Ryuichi , Shiraishi Takeshi , Sato Toshihiko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundRobotic‐assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) is a minimally invasive procedure; however, some patients experience persistent postoperative pain. This study aimed to investigate factors related to postoperative pain following RATS.MethodsThe data of 145 patients with lung cancer, who underwent RATS with a four‐port (one in the sixth intercostal space [ICS] and three in the eighth ICS) lobectomy or segmentectomy between May 2019 and December 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. Factors associated with analgesic use for at least 2 months following postoperative pain (PTP group) were analyzed.ResultsPatients who underwent preoperative pain control for any condition or chest wall resection were excluded. Among the 138 patients, 45 (32.6%) received analgesics for at least 2 months after surgery. Patient height and transverse length of the thorax correlated with PTP in the univariate analysis (non‐PTP vs. PTP; height, 166 vs. 160 cm; p < .001; transverse length of the thorax, 270 vs. 260 mm, p = .016). In the multivariate analysis, height was correlated with PTP (p = .009; odds ratio, 0.907; 95% confidence interval, 0.843–0.976). Height correlated with the transverse length of the thorax (r = .407), anteroposterior length of the thorax (r = .294), and width of the eighth ICS in the middle axillary line (r = .210) using Pearson's correlation coefficients. When utilizing a 165‐cm cutoff value for height to predict PTP using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve was 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.601–0.779).ConclusionShort stature is associated with a high risk of postoperative pain following RATS.
A paradigm shift?—On the ethics of medical large language models
Authors: Grote Thomas , Berens Philipp 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAfter a wave of breakthroughs in image‐based medical diagnostics and risk prediction models, machine learning (ML) has turned into a normal science. However, prominent researchers are claiming that another paradigm shift in medical ML is imminent—due to most recent staggering successes of large language models—from single‐purpose applications toward generalist models, driven by natural language. This article investigates the implications of this paradigm shift for the ethical debate. Focusing on issues like trust, transparency, threats of patient autonomy, responsibility issues in the collaboration of clinicians and ML models, fairness, and privacy, it will be argued that the main problems will be continuous with the current debate. However, due to functioning of large language models, the complexity of all these problems increases. In addition, the article discusses some profound challenges for the clinical evaluation of large language models and threats to the reproducibility and replicability of studies about large language models in medicine due to corporate interests.
Ownership‐attributing intuitions are cross‐culturally shared
Authors: Białek Michał , Stefanczyk Michal Mikolaj , Kowal Marta , Sorokowski Piotr 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study tested intuitions about ownership in children of Dani people, an indigenous Papuan society (N = 79, Mage = 7, 49.4% females). The results show that similar to studies with children from Western societies, children infer ownership from (1) control of permission, (2) ownership of the territory the object is located in, and (3) manmade versus natural origins of the object. By contrast, they did not (4) infer ownership from the first observed possession of an object. Additionally, Papuan children showed (5) an absolute first possession heuristic, whereby they assigned ownership to a person who achieved a goal, in contrast to a person who was first to pursue this goal but failed to be the first to claim it.
Cholestyramine alleviates bone and muscle loss in irritable bowel syndrome via regulating bile acid metabolism
Authors: Chen Ming , Wei Wei , Li Yi , Ge Siliang , Shen Junmin , Guo Jiayu , Zhang Yu , Huang Xiang , Sun Xinyu , Cheng Dongliang , Zheng Huayong , Chang Feifan , Chen Junyu , Liu Jiang , Zhang Qinxiang , Zhou Tianjunke , Yu Kang , Tang Peifu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a widespread gastrointestinal disorder known for its multifaceted pathogenesis and varied extraintestinal manifestations, yet its implications for bone and muscle health are underexplored. Recent studies suggest a link between IBS and musculoskeletal disorders, but a comprehensive understanding remains elusive, especially concerning the role of bile acids (BAs) in this context. This study aimed to elucidate the potential contribution of IBS to bone and muscle deterioration via alterations in gut microbiota and BA profiles, hypothesizing that cholestyramine could counteract these adverse effects. We employed a mouse model to characterize IBS and analysed its impact on bone and muscle health. Our results revealed that IBS promotes bone and muscle loss, accompanied by microbial dysbiosis and elevated BAs. Administering cholestyramine significantly mitigated these effects, highlighting its therapeutic potential. This research not only confirms the critical role of BAs and gut microbiota in IBS‐associated bone and muscle loss but also demonstrates the efficacy of cholestyramine in ameliorating these conditions, thereby contributing significantly to the field's understanding and offering a promising avenue for treatment.
Ecosystem functions of ants and dung beetles in agriculture‐dominated Amazonian riparian forests
Authors: Ribeiro Vanessa Soares , Schoereder José Henrique , Sobrinho Tathiana Guerra , Brando Paulo Monteiro , Maracahipes‐Santos Leonardo , Macedo Marcia Nunes , Paolucci Lucas Navarro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Land‐use changes and habitat fragmentation can alter biodiversity and associated ecosystem functions.
We investigated whether cropland expansion in south‐east Amazonia decreases ecosystem functions performed by ants and dung beetles by altering their communities.
We sampled both groups in two forest types, in south‐eastern Amazonia: undisturbed riparian forests and riparian forests surrounded by croplands. We sampled ants and dung beetles with epigaeic pitfall traps, and experimentally assessed seed removal and predation by ants, and faeces and seed removal by dung beetles.
Although ant and dung beetle abundance and richness did not differ across riparian forests, species composition of both groups did. Ants found seeds faster in undisturbed riparian forests, but the proportion of seed removal did not differ between forests. The abundance of predatory ants and the predation of termites by ants did not differ between forests.
Seed and dung removal by dung beetles did not differ across riparian forests. Despite the observed differences in dung beetle composition, we did not find the effects on ecosystem functions probably due a functional redundancy of species.
The quality of ecosystem functions provided by ants is lower in riparian forests surrounded by croplands, while changes in dung beetle diversity did not impact their ecosystem functions, with potential effects on the natural recovery of these disturbed riparian forests.
Do firms led by founders take higher risk?
Authors: Lawrence Edward , Nishikawa Yuka , Upadhyay Arun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examines whether firms led by founder‐CEOs are significantly different from firms led by nonfounder‐CEOs in terms of the nature of their risk. Our results show that founder‐led firms are associated with higher operational but lower financial risk. We find that the differential nature of risk‐taking in founder‐CEO firms is driven by CEO's influence, their propensity of removal, and the probability of bankruptcy of the firm. While CEO‐chair duality and the sensitivity of founder‐CEO firm's probable bankruptcy play significant roles in determining the level of financial risk, the sensitivity of founder‐CEOs to forced turnover leads to higher operational risk.
Impact of Ramadan fasting on vision and headache‐related quality of life in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A prospective observational study
Authors: Hussein Mona , Abdelghaffar Mohamed , Ali Mona , Yassein Abdelhady M. , Khalil Doaa M. , Magdy Rehab 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundRamadan fasting is an obligatory religious practice for Muslims. However, research data on the effect of Ramadan on idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) symptoms are lacking. This study aimed to study the effect of Ramadan fasting on the severity of headache and visual symptoms and related quality‐of‐life activities.MethodsThis prospective cohort study targeted females diagnosed with IIH (n = 102) who were eligible to fast for Ramadan in 2023. The patients were recruited from the Neurology Clinic in Beni‐Suef University Hospital, Egypt. Body mass index (BMI), monthly headache days and intensity of headache attacks, six‐item Headache Impact Test (HIT‐6), and the 25‐item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI‐VFQ‐25) scores during Ramadan were compared to those during the (non‐fasting) month of Shaaban, the preceding month to Ramadan.ResultsThere was a significant increase in the BMI of patients with IIH in Ramadan compared to the (non‐fasting) month of Shaaban, at a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 30.5 (26.6–35.8) kg/m2 and 30.1 (26.6–35.2) kg/m2, respectively (p = 0.002). The median (IQR) value of monthly headache days was significantly increased during Ramadan in comparison to the (non‐fasting) month of Shaaban, at 20 (11.5–30) vs. 15 (10–25) (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant worsening in the visual analog scale (VAS) scores (median [IQR] 7 [5–8] vs. 6.5 [5–8]), HIT‐6 scores (median [IQR] 61 [58–67] vs. 59 [53–61.5]), and NEI‐VFQ‐25 total scores (median [IQR] 1312.5 [1238.8–1435] vs 1290 [1165–1417.5]) during Ramadan in comparison to the (non‐fasting) month of Shaaban (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). The change in BMI in Ramadan was positively correlated with the change in monthly headache days (r = 0.24, p = 0.014), VAS (r = 0.20, p = 0.043), HIT‐6 (r = 0.25, p = 0.010) and NEI‐VFQ‐25 scores (r = 0.24, p = 0.016).ConclusionRamadan fasting had an aggravating effect on headache, visual symptoms, and related quality‐of‐life activities, which might be attributed to weight gain during this month. Whether proper nutritional management to prevent weight gain during Ramadan may help mitigate this worsening effect is a mission of future studies.
Epidemiology of Fontan‐associated liver disease in Japan: Results from a nationwide survey in 2021
Authors: Ohfuji Satoko , Tanaka Atsushi , Kogiso Tomomi , Kanto Tatsuya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimAlthough the Fontan procedure has improved the survival of patients with single‐ventricle heart disease, the long‐term consequences of the procedure have been a concern. This study aimed to explore the patients' postoperative clinical characteristics, including a diagnosis of Fontan‐associated liver disease (FALD).MethodsA nationwide Japanese epidemiological survey of post‐Fontan patients was undertaken in 2021. The survey targets were selected from all departments of pediatrics, pediatric surgery, cardiology, cardiovascular surgery, and gastroenterology using stratified random sampling by the number of beds. Each department was asked to complete a mail‐back questionnaire on the numbers of patients and their clinical characteristics. The diagnosis of FALD was made by each attending physician.ResultsThe estimated number of post‐Fontan patients was 7810 (95% confidence interval, 5430−10 200) in 2020, with a period prevalence of 61.9 per million. During the follow‐up of 13.8 years after the Fontan procedure, 40% of patients were diagnosed with FALD. An elevated γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase level was the most common finding leading to the FALD diagnosis (41%), and 45% of the patients also showed liver fibrosis. Compared with non‐FALD patients, FALD patients were older, had longer duration since the Fontan procedure, and had more severe cardiac or liver conditions. However, more than half of the non‐FALD patients had elevated liver enzyme levels, suggesting underestimation of the number of FALD patients.ConclusionsIn 2020, approximately 40% of post‐Fontan patients underwent follow‐up with a diagnosis of FALD, although the lack of established diagnostic criteria for FALD could affect the reported prevalence of FALD.
Mapping health promotion practices across key sectors and its intersectoral approach at the local level: Study protocol
Authors: Pumar‐Méndez María J. , Lopez‐Dicastillo Olga , Hernantes Naia , Antón‐Solanas Isabel , Zabaleta‐Del‐Olmo Edurne , Rodríguez‐Roca Beatriz , Subirón‐Valera Ana B. , Juvinyà‐Canal Dolors , Mujika Agurtzane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsThis study outlines a protocol aimed at identifying and mapping health promotion practices in need of development from the perspectives of key sectors responsible for it at the local level and from an intersectoral perspective across four Spanish regions.DesignA complementary multi‐method study combining survey methods and qualitative interviews will be adopted.MethodsPurposive snowball sampling will be employed to select potentially rich informants from city councils, primary care centres, primary and secondary schools, and public health and civil society organizations in 12 municipalities sensitive to local health. Data on the degree of execution of health promotion activities, the level of intersectorality in their implementation, and their origins will be collected using PromoACTIVA questionnaires, an intersectoral typology model and an interview protocol. A parallel mixed analysis encompassing descriptive statistics and a ‘framework analysis’ will be performed.DiscussionThis study is expected to yield thorough and reliable insights into health promotion practices and omissions at the local level by focusing on key stakeholders, both individually and collaboratively. This information can enhance health promotion planning and improve its effectiveness, efficiency and contextual relevance. The development and testing of a methodology for the integration and interpretation of these data will ensure sustainable capacity building.ImpactManagers and practitioners interested in health promotion planning in the researched settings can benefit from a comprehensive map of the current state of their practices and insights into the starting points of collaboration. In addition, planners from other local settings will gain access to tools and methodologies to replicate and expand these maps to their own contexts.Stakeholder EngagementEngaging key stakeholders with experience working in or with primary care centres, public health organizations, primary and secondary schools, civil society organizations, and city councils was vital to ensure the study's relevance and feasibility.
Does home blood pressure monitoring improve blood pressure‐related outcomes in people living with chronic kidney disease? A systematic review
Authors: Carey Nathan P. , Curtis Ffion , Eisenbeisz McKenna L. , Akbari Sadaf , Sambharia Meenakshi , Jalal Diana I. , Wilkinson Thomas J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and disease progression in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Evidence on the effects of home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is limited. This review aimed to determine the effect of HBPM on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in patients with CKD. We searched medical literature databases for eligible studies presenting pre‐ and post‐data for interventions utilizing HBPM. Study quality was assessed using the NHLBI tools for quality assessment. Heterogeneity prohibited a meta‐analysis so estimates of effects were calculated along a sign test to examine the probability of observing the given pattern of positive effect direction. Eighteen studies were included (n = 1187 participants, mean age 56.7 [± 7.7] years). In 15 studies, HBPM was conducted within the context of additional high‐level tailored support. Overall, the quality of n = 7/18 studies was rated as “good”; n = 6/18 were “fair,” and n = 5/18 were rated as “poor.” Interventions utilizing HBPM had a significant effect on SBP, with 14/16 studies favoring the intervention (88% [95% CI: 62%–98%], P = .002). Favorable effects were also seen on DBP (73% [95% CI: 45%–92%], P = .059). HBPM had a favorable effect on blood pressure goal attainment (86% [95% CI: 42%–100%], P = .062). HBPM in patients with CKD as part of a multicomponent intervention may lead to clinically significant reductions in blood pressure; however, research is needed to support the validity of this claim due to the high heterogeneity across the studies included.