bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Form and magnitude of beta‐sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on pulse transit time
Authors: CONTRADA RICHARD J. , DEL BO ALBERTO , LEVY LINDA , WEISS THEODORE 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study, we examined autonomic influences on pulse transit time measured from the R‐wave of the electrocardiogram (R‐PTT). Six subjects received three doses each of isoproterenol and atropine. Isoproterenol produced a significant linear decrease in R‐PTT, a significant linear increase in heart rate (HR), and a significant linear decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Atropine produced a significant linear decrease in R‐PTT and significant linear increases in HR and DBP. The R‐PTT shortening effect of isoproterenol may reflect positive inotropic effects of beta‐ sympathetic myocardial stimulation. The R‐PTT shortening effect of atropine may reflect reduction of parasympathetic inhibition of ventricular myocardial activity. However, possible vascular contributions to these effects remain to be determined. Nonetheless, the results encourage further examination of R‐PTT in research concerning autonomic regulation of cardiovascular activity.
The contingent negative variation in an odor labeling paradigm
Authors: LORIG TYLER S. , TURNER JAMES M. , MATIA DOUGLAS C. , WARRENBURG STEPHEN 
Published: February 2007

AbstarctFifteen subjects participated in an experiment designed to assess the contingent negative variation (CNV) during the labeling of odors and shapes. Odors or shapes were presented (SI) and followed 3 s later by a lexical label (A, B, or C) (S2). In 75% of the trials, the S2 was the correct label for the odor or shape. In the remaining trials, the S2 was an incorrect label. Subjects' olfactory performance was correlated with both the CNV during in the S1/S2 interval and also the P300 following the S2 stimulus. The CNV over the left frontal area was significantly larger in the olfactory phase of the experiment. CNV activity also correlated with olfactory performance such that subjects with the largest odor‐related CNVs had the best olfactory performance. Although P300 differed as a function of label matches versus mismatches, no odor‐specific effects or correlations were found.
Psychophysiological responses as indices of affective dimensions
Authors: VanOYEN WITVLIET CHARLOTTE , VRANA SCOTT R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe startle reflex, facial electromyogram (EMG), and autonomic nervous system responses were examined during imagery varying in affective valence and arousal. Subjects (N= 48) imagined affective situations during tone‐cued 8‐strials. Startle blink magnitudes were larger and latencies faster during negatively valent than during positively valent conditions and during high‐arousal than during low‐arousal conditions. Greatest heart rate acceleration and fastest and largest skin conductance responses to startle probes occurred during high‐arousal imagery. Zygomatic and orbicularis oculi facial muscle activities were higher during high‐arousal imagery, whereas corrugator muscle activity was higher during low‐arousal imagery. Zygomatic and corrugator activity also varied with emotional valence. The startle and facial EMG responses are most parsimoniously organized by the negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) dimensions, respectively. This NA/PA framework integrates previous research, dimensional theories of emotional behavior, and physiological assessment of pathological emotion.
P300 hemispheric amplitude asymmetries from a visual oddball task
Authors: ALEXANDER JOEL E. , PORJESZ BERNICE , BAUER LANCE O. , KUPERMAN SAMUEL , MORZORATI SANDRA , O'CONNOR SEAN J. , ROHRBAUGH JOHN , BEGLEITER HENRI , POLICH JOHN 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe P3(00) event‐related potential (ERP) was elicited in 80 normal, right‐handed male subjects using a simple visual discrimination task, with electroencephalographic (EEG) activity recorded at 19 electrodes. P3 amplitude was larger over the right than over the left hemisphere electrode sites primarily at anteromedial locations (F3/4, C3/4) for target, novel, and standard stimuli. The N1, P2, and N2 components also demonstrated hemispheric asymmetries. The strongest P3 hemispheric asymmetries for all stimuli were observed at anterior locations, suggesting a frontal right hemisphere localization for initial stimulus processing, although target stimuli produced larger P3 amplitudes at parietal locations than did novel stimuli. The relationships of hemispheric asymmetries to anatomical variables, background EEG activity, and neurocognitive factors are discussed.
Shades of gray matter: Noninvasive optical images of human brain reponses during visual stimulation
Authors: GRATTON GABRIELE , CORBALLIS PAUL M. , CHO EUNHEE , FABIANI MONICA , HOOD DONALD C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecent theories about human brain function emphasize the need for imaging methods that allow the study of dynamic interactions among different structures. In this paper, we report on a new technique, based on the measurement of parameters of migration of near‐infrared photons, that yields functional images of the human occipital cortex, combining a spatial resolution of 0.5 cm and a temporal resolution of 50 ms. This technique appears to be suitable for studying the dynamics of cortical activation.
Acute effects of caffeine on selective attention and visual search processes
Authors: LORIST MONICQUE M. , SNEL JAN , KOK ALBERT , MULDER GIJSBERTUS 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe influence of a single dose of caffeine was evaluated in focused and divided attention conditions of a visual selective search task in which subjects had to perform controlled search processes to locate a target item. Search processes were manipulated by varying display load. A dose of 3 mg/kg body weight caffeine or lactose, dissolved in a cup of decaffeinated coffee, was administered double blindly and deceptively to overnight abstinent coffee drinkers. Behavioral measures were supplemented by event‐related potentials (ERPs). Subjects reacted faster in the caffeine condition. The P3b peak latency decreased after caffeine in the low display load condition and in the focused attention condition, indicating that the effects of caffeine are dependent on the number of relevant display items, not on the total number of display items presented. Search processes, as reflected in a negative ERP deflection, were not affected by caffeine.
The ambulatory measurement of posture, thigh acceleration, and muscle tension and their relationship to heart rate
Authors: TUOMISTO MARTTI T. , JOHNSTON DEREK W. , SCHMIDT THOMAS F. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe compared the relative ability of continuous accelerometric, electromyographic (EMG), and hydrostatic posture measurements to diseriminate tasks involving variations in motor activity and posture and to predict heart rate (HR) variability. EMG was a more sensitive measure than accelerometry in differentiating the tasks. How‐ever, accelerometry and EMG explained comparable amounts of HR variance. The hydrostatic posture was a stable measure that elearly differentiated postures and explained a significant amount of HR variance but less than accelerometry or EMG. Accelerometric and EMG measures of motor activity used either alone or in combination with the hydrostatic posture are valuable in discriminating activities and in controlling for the effects of motor activity and posture on HR during ambulatory measurement.
Naming norms for brief environmental sounds: Effects of age and dementia
Authors: FABIANI MONICA , KAZMERSKI VICTORIA A. , CYCOWICZ YAEL M. , FRIEDMAN DAVID 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBrief nontonal sounds are used in electrophysiology in the novelty oddball paradigm. These sounds vary in the brain activity they elicit and in the degree to which they can be identified, named, and remembered. Because ease of sound identification may influence sound processing, naming and conceptual norms were determined for 100 sounds for 77 young adults (Experiment 1). Naming ability decreases in normal and pathological aging. Therefore, norms were also derived for older adults (Experiment 2) and for probable Alzheimer's disease patients (Experiment 3). With respect to the young adults, perseverative naming behavior increased in these groups, and sound and picture naming performance were correlated. In Experiment 4, the sound‐naming performance of children aged 5–6, 9–11, and 14–16 yers was compared. Name and conceptual agreements improved with age, whereas perseverative behavior decreased. These normative data should be useful in guiding sound selection in future studies and help clarify the relationships between sound naming and other variables, including direct and indirect memory performance.
A historic‐quantitative approach to psychophysiological research: The first three decades of the journal Psychophysiology (1964–1993)
Authors: SANCHEZ‐HERNANDEZ ANTONIO , PEDRAJA MARIA J. , QUIÑONES‐VIDAL ELENA , MARTINEZ‐SANCHEZ FRANCISCO 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe used quantitative methodology to examine the first three decades of the journal Psychophysiology from a standpoint of historic interest. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 1,781 works published during this period. In total, 2,537 authors have published in the journal. The distribution of their productivity matches approximately what would be expected based on previous bibliometric investigations. A constant increase in the collaboration between researchers was evident (reaching an average of 2.56 authors per paper). The literature cited in these articles dates back between 4.53 and 8.12 years (M= 6.48 years). These bibliometric results show that this journal can be placed among the most experimentally oriented group within the field of psychology.
Pain perception and cardiovascular responses in men with positive parental history for hypertension
Authors: AL'ABSI MUSTAFA , BUCHANAN TONY , LOVALLO WILLIAM R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEvidence suggests a reduced pain sensitivity in hypertensive individuals. This study sought to extend this work to normotensive individuals with hypertensive parents. Men with a positive (PH+) or negative (PH−) parental history for hypertension rated their pain every 15 s during a 90‐s hand cold pressor test and for 90 s after the cold pressor test. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures and heart rate were measured throughout. After the cold pressor test, the men recalled their pain using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. PH+ men showed greater SBP and DBP responses to the cold pressor test. Although pain ratings during the cold pressor test did not differ between groups, posttest reported pain receded faster in the PH+ than in the PH− men. The PH+ men also reported less total pain on the McGill. These findings support the hypothesis that risk for hypertension may be associated with attenuated pain responses to nociceptive stimuli.
Autonomic, electroencephalographic, and myogenic activity accompanying startle and its habituation during mid‐childhood
Authors: ORNITZ EDWARD M. , RUSSELL ANDREW T. , YUAN HARRY , LIU MINZHI 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study investigated (a) possible associations of the large individual variation in startle, with accompanying autonomic, central nervous system, and myogenic activities in a habituation paradigm; and (b) the patterns of habituation of these variables. Startle blinks to 40 noise bursts, heart rate, alpha activity, and orbicularis oculi electromyographic (EMG) activity preceding and following each startle response were measured in 40 normal 7–11‐year‐old boys. Statle amplitude and its habituation were independent of association with either initial values or successive changes in the autonomic, alpha, and EMG activities; whereas startle habituated, pre‐and poststartle myogenic, alpha, and cardiac activities failed to habituate. Tonic cardiac activity was facilitated, suggesting sensitization of state, as proposed in the dual‐process theory of habituation.
Genetic analysis of the resting electroencephalographic power spectrum in human twins
Authors: CHRISTIAN J. C. , MORZORATI S. , NORTON J. A. , WILLIAMS C. J. , O'CONNOR S. , LI T.‐K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMost twin studies have provided evidence for genetic effects on the electroencephalogram (EEG). In two twin studies, monozygotic (MZ) cotwin covariance for EEG power was greater than expected for additive gene actions, as compared with dizygotic (DZ) cotwin covariance. These findings were attributed to complex gene interactions, termed emergenesis. In the present study of 53 MZ and 38 DZ twin pairs departures from the additive genetic model were tested on resting EEG power. Total spectral power and the quotient of (beta band power)/(total power) both fit gene interaction models significantly better than did additive genetic models. These findings support the previous findings of MZ covariance for EEG power as much greater than DZ covariance; these findings can be explained entirely by the additive effects of genes. This pattern of twin covariances could be due to gene interactions but also to greater MZ than DZ environmental covariance.
Theta synchronization and alpha desynchronization in a memory task
Authors: KLIMESCH W. , DOPPELMAYR M. , SCHIMKE H. , RIPPER B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the present study, we examined the hypothesis that episodic encoding and retrieval processes are primarily reflected by a task‐related increase in theta power. Individuals performed a recognition task with a total of 192 words. The electroencephalogram was recorded during the study and recognition phase. The results show that only those words that were later correctly recognized produced a significant increase in theta power during encoding. During the actual recognition processes too, a significant theta synchronization (increase in band power) was found for correctly remembered words only. In contrast to the theta band, remembered and not remembered words revealed a complex pattern of desynchronization in the lower and upper alpha band that was different during encoding and recognition.
Effects of different sleep duration on delta sleep in recovery nights
Authors: LUCIDI FABIO , DEVOTO ALESSANDRA , VIOLANI CRISTIANO , MASTRACCI PAOLA , BERTINI MARIO 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe study assessed the effects of different amounts of sleep restriction on slow wave sleep (SWS) in the ensuing recovery nights. After one adaptation night and an 8‐hr baseline night, six healthy men were individually studied during and following five nights in which sleep was reduced to 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 hr with a 1‐week interval between conditions. Bach sleep reduction was followed by an 8‐hr recovery night. Finally, a second 8‐hr baseline night was recorded. A trend analysis revealed that SWS amount in recovery nights increases with decreasing previous sleep duration. Regression analyses showed that, within each participant, the rebound of SWS after a sleep reduction is predicted better by the total duration of sleep than by the specific amount of SWS lost.
Development and topography of auditory event‐related potentials (ERPs): Mismatch and processing negativity in individuals 8–22 years of age
Authors: OADES ROBERT.D. , DMITTMANN‐BALCAR ALHXANDRA , ZERBIN DIETER 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHow do event related potentials (ERPs) reflecting auditory processing develop across adolescence? Such development was described for five ERP components in four groups of 11 healthy participants with mean ages of 10, 14, 17, and 21 years. Data from 19 sites during diffuse (passive) and focused (discrimination) attention in a three‐tone oddball were analyzed to see how ERP loci varied with age for tone type attention condition, and for four types of difference waves reflecting nontarget and target comparison. Age interacted with site for most components. P1 loci sensitive to rare tones moved postoriorly and N1 loci lost their right bias in early puberty. The P2 loci did not move anterior to Council adulthood N2 amplitude, sensative to attention condition, developed a frontal focus by 17 years. Right biased P3 loci moved lo the midline with focused attention similarly in all age groups. Difference waves developed in three stages; In 10‐years‐old participants early deflection (<150 ms) were diffusely distributed; in mid adolescent participants, the main frontal negative component (150‐300 ms) became well formed and lost an earlier right bias: and for participants 17 years old and older, the late positive complex developed a right bias in target‐derived waves. Latency decreases for early frontal components were marked in participants 10–14 years old and for later posterior components m participants 14–17 years old. Major developments appeared at the onset of adolescence in early stimulus selection processes and during adolescence in the in the differential use of this information (N2‐ and P3‐like latencies).
Sensitivity to mechanical stimuli and the role of general sensory and perceptual processes in heartbeat detection
Authors: KNAPP KELLEY , RING CHRISTOPHER , BRENER JASPER 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSensitivity to heartbeat sensations is commonly assessed using tasks that require individuals to judge the simultaneity of heartbeats and tones. In two experiments, we investigated the suitability of this paradigm for examining cardioception. In the first experiment, participants judged the simultaneity of near–threshold vibrations and suprathreshold tones. Precision in judging vibration–tone simultaneity was directly related to the detectability of the mechanical stimuli, thereby supporting use of the simultaneity paradigm to assess heartbeat detection. In the second experiment, we examined the influences of sensitivity to mechanical stimuli and the ability to make intermodality simultaneity judgments on the precision of heartbeat detection. We measured participants' vibrotactile thresholds, precision in judging light–tone simultaneity, and precision in judging heartbeat–tone simultaneity. The ability to judge the simultaneity of lights and tones accounted for 24.3% of the variance in precision of heartbeat detection, and mechanical sensitivity accounted for a further 8.5%.
Different cortical activation patterns in blind and sighted humans during encoding and transformation of haptic images
Authors: RÖDER BRIGITTE , RÖSLER FRANK , HENNIGHAUSEN ERWIN 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study, we investigated whether the occipital cortex of blind humans is activated during haptic perception and/or transformation of a haptic image. Slow event‐related brain potentials were monitored from 18 electrodes in 12 sighted and 15 congenitally blind participants while they were engaged in a haptic mental rotation task. In both groups, slow negative shifts appeared over (a) the frontal cortex at the beginning of each processing episode, (b) the left‐central to parietal cortex during encoding and maintaining of a haptic image, and (c) the central to parietal cortex during image transformation. A pronounced slow negative potential over the occipital cortex emerged only in the blind individuals and was time‐locked to the processing epochs. Its amplitude increased with the amount of processing load. The slow wave effects observed in the blind individuals could indicate that occipital areas participate in specific, nonvisual functions or they could reflect a coactivation of these areas whenever the activation level of task‐specific processing modules located elsewhere in the cortex is raised by nonspecific thalamocortical input.
REM sleep eye movement counts correlate with visual imagery in dreaming: A pilot study
Authors: HONG CHARLES CHONG‐HWA , POTKIN STEVEN G. , ANTROBUS JOHN S. , DOW BRUCE M. , CALLAGHAN GLENN M. , GILLIN J. CHRISTIAN 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBased on the findings of our previously published positron emission tomography study, we proposed that recorded eye movements during REM sleep are visually targeted saccades. In the present study, we examined the correlation between the number of eye movements in REM sleep (EM) and visual imagery in dreaming (V) and provided further support for our proposal. All the observations (N= 11) were made with one individual to eliminate interindividual variation and were made during the second REM sleep period to control for a time‐of‐night effect. V, with or without dream report length partialled out, was strongly associated with EM only in the 1‐min interval immediately preceding awakening. The time course of the association suggests that the strong EM–V association reflects a phasic, localized activation of the eye‐movement‐control system in association with REM sleep eye movements.
Affective modulation of tactile startle
Authors: HAWK LARRY W. , COOK EDWIN W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo studies were conducted to investigate affective modulation of startle responses to unilateral tactile probes and to determine whether such modulation is lateralized. Right‐handed undergraduates received airpuffs to the left or right temple while viewing pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures. Side of probe presentation was varied between the two trial blocks of the experiment in Study 1 (n= 48) but varied randomly within trial blocks in Study 2 (n= 48). Primary results were consistent across studies. Replicating and extending the findings for acoustic probes, eyeblink responses to tactile probes were larger during unpleasant than during pleasant pictures. However, affective modulation of startle did not differ reliably between the two sides of probe presentation (sensory laterality) or the two sides of the response (motor lateralily) in either study or in a combined analysis.
Plant uptake of radionuclides
Authors: Bell J.N.B. , Minski M.J. , Grogan H.A. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract. The factors influencing uptake of radionuclides from soils into vegetation are discussed with reference to soil type, radionuclide, plant species and organ, and time since initial contamination. Gaps in knowledge are identified, particularly as highlighted by the unexpected behaviour of radiocaesium in many upland areas of Britain, following deposition after the Chernobyl accident. The importance of resuspended soil for contamination of aerial plant parts is also considered in relation to radionuclide type, vegetation height, and meteorological conditions.The development of an international database by the International Union of Radioecologists for soil to crop transfer factors of radionuclides derived from European experiments is briefly described. This database is now being used for statistical analyses aimed at quantifying the importance of environmental and biological factors in influencing uptake of radionuclides from the soil.