bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the overactive bladder on health‐related utility and quality of life
Authors: CURRIE CRAIG J. , MCEWAN PHIL , POOLE CHRIS D. , ODEYEMI ISAAC A.O. , DATTA SHIBENDRA N. , MORGAN CHRISTOPHER L. 
Published: May 2006

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of the overactive bladder (OAB) on quality of life and health‐related utility.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn a study conducted in Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust, patients were identified from an academic urology unit inpatient database for admissions and sent a postal survey. The survey pack comprised questionnaires on demography, urological functioning, health utility (EQ5Dindex), and health‐related quality of life (Short Form‐36, SF36). Respondents were classified according to general urinary status, frequency, urgency, and stress incontinence.RESULTSOf 2193 surveys dispatched, 609 (27.8%) were returned; of these patients, 52% had incontinence, of whom 83% had both frequency and urgency, and 60% stress incontinence. Patients with stress incontinence reported a mean (sd) EQ5Dindex of 0.578 (0.331), compared to 0.714 (0.281) for all other patients (P < 0.001). From the SF36, respondents scored lowest in the role physical domain and highest in the mental domain, with mean scores of 33.8 and 72.1, respectively. Multivariate analysis of SF36 and EQ5Dindex scores, controlling for age, gender and body mass index, showed that incontinence was associated with a notable reduction in the EQ5Dindex and SF36 scores across all domains.CONCLUSIONThis study showed a significant reduction in quality of life for all patient groups with OAB; in particular, stress incontinence had the greatest impact.
Testosterone levels in men with erectile dysfunction
Authors: MARTÍNEZ‐JABALOYAS JOSÉ M. , QUEIPO‐ZARAGOZÁ ALFONSO , PASTOR‐HERNÁNDEZ FRANCISCO , GIL‐SALOM MANUEL , CHUAN‐NUEZ PASCUAL 
Published: May 2006

OBJECTIVETo investigate the frequency of hypogonadism in men with erectile dysfunction (ED) and to assess which factors are related with low testosterone levels.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 165 men with ED were assessed; the evaluation included: hormonal profiles, serum total and free testosterone (using Vermeulen’s formula) levels, and self‐reported questionnaires on erectile function and desire domains of the International Index of Erectile Function. The frequency of hypogonadism was established using total and free testosterone levels as diagnostic criteria. The factors that might influence testosterone levels were evaluated by univariate and multivariate statistical analysis, and a logistic regression was used to determine which factors can predict free testosterone levels below normal limits (biochemical hypogonadism).RESULTSUsing the total testosterone levels, 4.8% of the men were hypogonadal, whereas when using the free testosterone levels, 17.6% were hypogonadal. In the univariate analyses, not smoking and hypertension were associated with lower total and free testosterone levels. Ageing, absence of nocturnal erections and a lower erectile function score were only associated with lower free testosterone serum levels. There was no association between total and free testosterone levels and desire. In the multivariate analysis, only total testosterone levels were related to hypertension, while free testosterone levels were related to age and nocturnal erections. For biochemical hypogonadism, simple logistic regression analysis selected age, erectile function score and aetiological diagnosis of ED as predictors. In the multivariate analysis only the erectile function score had significant independent prognostic value.CONCLUSIONSThe frequency of hypogonadism is higher when free testosterone levels are used for diagnosis. The total and free testosterone levels were not related to the level of sexual desire in men with ED. The free testosterone levels could be related to the quality and frequency of nocturnal erections, and when ED is more severe, it is more probable that free testosterone levels are below the ‘normal’ limit.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology predicts inguinal lymph node metastasis without antibiotic pretreatment in penile carcinoma
Authors: SAISORN ISARES , LAWRENTSCHUK NATHAN , LEEWANSANGTONG SUNAI , BOLTON DAMIEN M. 
Published: May 2006

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of palpable inguinal lymphadenopathy before definitive management of the primary tumour, in predicting inguinal lymph node (LN) metastasis in men with primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis.PATIENTS AND METHODSSixteen men with primary SCC of the penis and palpable inguinal lymphadenopathy (unilateral or bilateral) were treated by primary resection and bilateral inguinal LN dissection. FNA cytology was analysed for 25 palpable inguinal LNs at the time of penile biopsy. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNA cytology was compared with the histological findings from surgical LN clearance.RESULTSThe 25 FNAs were without complication and without evidence of implantation of metastasis in the needle tracts; 14 FNA samples were positive for metastasis, 10 were negative, and one was inconclusive. From the histological assessment of the surgical inguinal LN specimens, FNA cytology had a sensitivity of 93%, and specificity of 91% in predicting metastatic disease.CONCLUSIONFNA cytology of palpable inguinal lymphadenopathy before surgery for the primary tumour has a high sensitivity and specificity for metastatic penile cancer. This procedure permits early inguinal lymphadenectomy where appropriate without need for prolonged initial antibiotic treatment.
Gameplaying for maths learning: cooperative or not?
Authors: Ke Fengfeng , Grabowski Barbara 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of gameplaying on fifth‐graders’ maths performance and attitudes. One hundred twenty five fifth graders were recruited and assigned to a cooperative Teams‐Games‐Tournament (TGT), interpersonal competitive or no gameplaying condition. A state standards‐based maths exam and an inventory on attitudes towards maths were used for the pretest and posttest. The students’ gender, socio‐economic status and prior maths ability were examined as the moderating variables and covariate. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) indicated that gameplaying was more effective than drills in promoting maths performance, and cooperative gameplaying was most effective for promoting positive maths attitudes regardless of students’ individual differences.
Crowd‐In: The Effect of Private Health Insurance Markets on the Demand for Medicaid
Authors: Perreira Krista M. 
Published: May 2006

Objective. To investigate the effects of local labor market conditions and the availability of employer‐sponsored health insurance on exits from the Medicaid program.Data Source. Data for this project come from a unique administrative database containing a 2 percent sample of all cases on California's Medicaid program in 1987 and a 2 percent sample of all new cases starting each year between 1987 and 1995.Study Design. The results are estimated using a discrete duration model where the monthly exit probability is a function of demographic characteristics, local labor market variables, the probability of having employer‐sponsored insurance, and fixed year and county effects.Principal Findings. Improvements in labor market opportunities (i.e., employment growth, wage growth, and increases in the availability of employer‐sponsored health insurance) promote exits off the Medicaid program. A 2.5 percentage point increase in the availability of employer‐sponsored insurance leads to a 6 percent increase in the probability that a completed spell lasts no more than 2 years. It would take a 2 percentage point decrease in unemployment rates or a 10 percent increase in average quarterly earnings to yield an equivalent increase in the likelihood of exiting Medicaid within 2 years. These effects are robust to the inclusion of county‐level fixed effects and time effects.Conclusions. Medicaid expenditures and caseloads are sensitive to local economic fluctuations and secular trends in the availability of health insurance. Continued decreases in employer‐based health insurance coverage will greatly increase the demand for public insurance coverage and the financial pressures on state governments.
Reinterpreting al-Buhturī's Īwān Kisrā Ode: Tears of Affection for the Cycles of History
Authors: Ali Samer 
Published: May 2006

AbstractScholars have conventionally interpreted the Iwan Kisra Ode as an anti-imperial ode critical of the Abbasids in a time of decline evinced by the murder of the Caliph al-Mutawakkil and the emerging power of the Turkic guards at Samarra. This article re-examines al-Buhturi's own motives to demonstrate that an anti-imperial ode would be anathema to his interests and posits an alternative interpretation. The analysis is based on extensive Abbasid lore and a close reading of the ode. It suggests that the ode had the effect of redeeming the Abbasids in order to avoid civil strife in a time of danger.
My Matrimonial Bureau: Masculine Concerns and Presbyterian Mission Evangelization in the Gabon Estuary, c. 1900-1915
Authors: Rich Jeremy 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis essay examines the reasons why some young Fang men supported Presbyterian missionary Robert Milligan's crusade to establish a Protestant community of converts at the turn of the twentieth century. Milligan presented his work as an example of heroic and muscular Christianity that transformed young Gabonese men. However, his methods of attracting followers appear very similar to those used by local big men: creating kinship networks, providing military support, sharing imported goods and providing access to women for marriage. Fang men and Milligan shared a flexible vocabulary of fatherhood that placed obligations on converts and missionaries alike. Eventually, Milligan's efforts came undone because of problems with other missionaries, but young Fang men continued to turn to missionary patronage, in part to cope with gender tensions and struggles over status.
Individual Criminal Responsibility in the Execution of a "Joint Criminal Enterprise" in the Jurisprudence of the ad hoc International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
Authors: Bogdan Attila 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis article explores the development of "joint criminal enterprise" form of responsibility in the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (hereinafter "Yugoslav Tribunal"). Although "joint criminal enterprise" does not appear in the Yugoslav Tribunal Statute, this form of responsibility was read into the Statute by the tribunal judges and is repeatedly relied on in finding individuals guilty in cases before the tribunal. In particular, ever since the Appeals Chamber in Prosecutor v. Tadic held that "joint criminal enterprise", as a form of accomplice liability, is "firmly established in customary international law", other Trial and Appeals Chamber decisions continue to follow this holding. This article takes a critical look at some of the fundamental issues associated with the development of "joint criminal enterprise" at the Yugoslav Tribunal, in particular the methodology employed by the Appeals Chamber in Tadic. In addition, the article also examines the similarities between "joint criminal enterprise" and U.S. conspiracy law, and whether the use of "joint criminal enterprise" at the Yugoslav Tribunal violates the "principles of legality".
Sensitivity of Ice Storms in the Southeastern United States to Atlantic SST—Insights from a Case Study of the December 2002 Storm
Authors: Ramos da Silva Renato , Bohrer Gil , Werth David , Otte Martin J. , Avissar Roni 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Meteorological observations and model simulations are used to show that the catastrophic ice storm of 4–5 December 2002 in the southeastern United States resulted from the combination of a classic winter storm and a warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the western Atlantic Ocean. At the time of the storm, observations show that the Atlantic SST near the southeastern U.S. coast was 1.0°–1.5°C warmer than its multiyear mean. The impact of this anomalous SST on the ice accumulation of the ice storm was evaluated with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. The model shows that a warmer ocean leads to the conversion of more snow into freezing rain while not significantly affecting the inland surface temperature. Conversely, a cooler ocean produces mostly snowfall and less freezing rain. A similar trend is obtained by statistically comparing observations of ice storms in the last decade with weekly mean Atlantic SSTs. The SST during an ice storm is significantly and positively correlated with a deeper and warmer melting layer.
Satisfaction survey with DNA cards method to collect genetic samples for pharmacogenetics studies
Authors: Vidal-Taboada Jose M , Cucala Mercedes , Mas Herrero Sergio , Lafuente Amalia , Cobos Albert 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Pharmacogenetic studies are essential in understanding the interindividual variability of drug responses. DNA sample collection for genotyping is a critical step in genetic studies. A method using dried blood samples from finger-puncture, collected on DNA-cards, has been described as an alternative to the usual venepuncture technique. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation of the DNA cards method in a multicentre clinical trial, and to assess the degree of investigators' satisfaction and the acceptance of the patients perceived by the investigators.

Methods
Blood samples were collected on DNA-cards. The quality and quantity of DNA recovered were analyzed. Investigators were questioned regarding their general interest, previous experience, safety issues, preferences and perceived patient satisfaction.

Results
151 patients' blood samples were collected. Genotyping of GST polymorphisms was achieved in all samples (100%). 28 investigators completed the survey. Investigators perceived patient satisfaction as very good (60.7%) or good (39.3%), without reluctance to finger puncture. Investigators preferred this method, which was considered safer and better than the usual methods. All investigators would recommend using it in future genetic studies.

Conclusion
Within the clinical trial setting, the DNA-cards method was very well accepted by investigators and patients (in perception of investigators), and was preferred to conventional methods due to its ease of use and safety.
Evidence of the exploitation of marine resource by the terrestrial insect Scapteriscus didactylus through stable isotope analyzes of its cuticle
Authors: Maros Alexandra , Louveaux Alain , Lelarge Caroline , Girondot Marc 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
About 4 × 105 eggs in more than 5000 marine turtle nests are deposited every year on a 3.6 km long beach in French Guiana (South America). The dry biomass of eggs is estimated to be 5 × 103 kg, yet only 25% of this organic matter will return to the ocean in the form of hatchlings. Such amounts of organic matter are supposed to drive the functioning of the beach ecosystem. Previous studies have shown that egg predators and detritivorous organisms dominate the trophic relationships and the dynamics of the system. The role of a terrestrial insect Scapteriscus didactylus (Latreille), which damages up to 40% of the eggs of the marine turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), was unexpected. However it was impossible from direct observations to prove that the mole cricket consumed a significant amount of these eggs. Therefore, the precise place of the mole cricket in the nitrogen and carbon cycles of the beach ecosystem could not be determined. In order to answer this question, we looked for a marine signature of carbon and nitrogen source metabolized by the mole cricket.

Results
This study estimated the individual variability of δ13C and δ15N in the cuticle of Scapteriscus didactylus. The isotopic signature was compared between individuals collected at two sites: a village where mole crickets fed on human food scraps and the nearby Awala-Yalimapo beach, where food availability depends seasonally on the nesting sea turtles. The mole crickets collected near the habitations garbage showed no significant variations in the stable isotopic signature, within-and between age groups. On the contrary, isotopic values shifted from a signature of a terrestrial herbivorous diet in the mole crickets during early developmental stages, to isotopic values in adults in accordance with the exploitation of marine animal resources.

Conclusion
The heterogeneity of individual signatures during the year is due to a selective exploitation of the food sources, differing in space and time. Some individuals, from the beach sample consumed a sufficient quantity of turtle eggs to induce the increase of isotopic enrichment observed in the cuticle. Scapteriscus didactylus is an opportunist feeder and plays a role in the turn over of the beach organic matter.
A possible link between sinusitis and lower airway hypersensitivity: the role of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B
Authors: Liu Tao , Wang Bin-Quan , Yang Ping-Chang 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground and aimsThe prevalence of asthma has been keeping arising with unknown etiology. The cumulative evidence indicates that chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) closely relates to asthma, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to take insight into the role of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) in a possible association between CRS and asthma.Methods38 patients with both CRS and asthma underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Serum specific IgE and cytokines, clinical symptoms of CRS and asthma were evaluated before and after the surgery. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated from the patients and cultured. Th2 response of the cultured PBMCs in the presence or absence of specific antigens and SEB was evaluated.ResultsBesides the improvement of CRS symptoms, amelioration of asthma was also observed in the patients with both CRS and asthma after the sinus surgery. The preoperatively elevated Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-5, normalized postoperatively. Th2 response was generated with separated PBMCs in the presence of specific antigens. SEB was required for maintaining Th2 response in these separated PBMCs.ConclusionThe present results indicate that a possible link exists between CRS and lower airway hypersensitivity. Sinusitis derived SEB may play a role in sustaining Th2 responses in the low airway hypersensitivity related to sinusitis.
Characterization of Sensory Neuron Subpopulations Selectively Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein in Phosphodiesterase 1C BAC Transgenic Mice
Authors: Torsney Carole , Anderson Rebecca L , Ryce-Paul Kerry-Anne G , MacDermott Amy B 
Published: May 2006

Background The complex neuronal circuitry of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord is as yet poorly understood. However, defining the circuits underlying the transmission of information from primary afferents to higher levels is critical to our understanding of sensory processing. In this study, we have examined phosphodiesterase 1C ( Pde1c) BAC transgenic mice in which a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene reflects Pde1c expression in sensory neuron subpopulations in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord. Results Using double labeling immunofluorescence, we demonstrate GFP expression in specific subpopulations of primary sensory neurons and a distinct neuronal expression pattern within the spinal cord dorsal horn. In the dorsal root ganglia, their distribution is restricted to those subpopulations of primary sensory neurons that give rise to unmyelinated C fibers (neurofilament 200 negative). A small proportion of both non-peptidergic (IB4-binding) and peptidergic (CGRP immunoreactive) subclasses expressed GFP. However, GFP expression was more common in the non-peptidergic than the peptidergic subclass. GFP was also expressed in a subpopulation of the primary sensory neurons immunoreactive for the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 and the ATP-gated ion channel P2X3. In the spinal cord dorsal horn, GFP positive neurons were largely restricted to lamina I and to a lesser extent lamina II, but surprisingly did not coexpress markers for key neuronal populations present in the superficial dorsal horn. Conclusion The expression of GFP in subclasses of nociceptors and also in dorsal horn regions densely innervated by nociceptors suggests that Pde1c marks a unique subpopulation of nociceptive sensory neurons.
Lack of association between mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphisms and juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a Han population from the Hubei province of China
Authors: Kang Min , Wang Hong-Wei , Cheng Pei-Xuan , Yin Zun-Dong , Li Xiao-Ou , Shi Hong , Hu Xiu-Fen 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMany studies have reported that polymorphisms of the mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene are associated with autoimmune disease. Here, we investigate the relationship between MBL gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in a Han-nationality population from the Hubei province of China. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to investigate polymorphisms of codons 54 and 57 in exon 1 of the MBL gene in 93 patients with JIA and 48 control children. Neither group showed codon 57 polymorphisms. There was no significant difference in the genotypic frequencies of codon 54 between patients with JIA and healthy controls (wild type, 71.0% versus 75.0%, respectively; heterozygous type, 25.8% versus 25.0%, respectively; and homozygous type, 3.2% versus 0.0%, respectively). In addition, no association was found between the subgroups of patients with JIA and control individuals. Our results provide no evidence for a relationship between MBL gene mutation and susceptibility to JIA.
A New Efficient Chiral Catalyst System. Combined Use of Tin(II) Oxide, Trimethylsilyl Triflate and Chiral Diamine in the Asymmetric Aldol Reaction
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Uchiro Hiromi , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The asymmetric aldol reaction between both achiral silyl enol ethers of thioesters and aldehydes is efficiently catalyzed by the use of a new catalyst system consisted of tin(II) oxide, trimethylsilyl triflate and a chiral diamine, to give the corresponding adducts in high yields with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities.
Conformational Properties of the Ethers of Hydroxy[24]metacyclophanes
Authors: Tsuge Akihiko , Sonoda Shuji , Mataka Shuntaro , Tashiro Masashi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl and benzyl ethers of hydroxy[24]metacyclophanes were prepared. One of the conformers of the benzyl ether was confirmed to assume “cone” conformation by 1H NMR and X-ray analysis.
Unsymmetrically Substituted Ethylenedioxytetrathiafulvalenes
Authors: Mori Takehiko , Inokuchi Hiroo , Kini Aravinda M , Williams Jack M 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Seven new electron donors, 4,5-ethylenedioxytetrathiafulvalenes where 4′,5′-substituents are trimethylenedithio, ethylenedithio, methylenedithio, 2-oxatrimethylenedithio, methylthio, hydrogen and methyl carboxylate, are prepared, and their electrochemical properties are investigated.
Synthesis of Poly(m-aniline) by Dehydrohalogenation of m-Chloroaniline
Authors: Yoshizawa Kazunari , Tanaka Kazuyoshi , Yamabe Tokio 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A reddish-orange colored polymer was synthesized by catalytic dehydrohalogenation of m-chloroaniline. The polymer was confirmed to have a poly(m-aniline) structure which will be of our interest as a basic skeleton for ferromagnetic polymer.
A Novel Preparation of 2-Imino-1,3-thiazetidines from Carbon Disulfide, Dialkylcyanamide, and Benzylideneaniline under High Pressure
Authors: Tsuchiya Tohru , Yasumoto Masahiko , Shibuya Isao , Taguchi Yoichi , Yonemoto Katsumi , Goto Midori 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
At 800 MPa, 100 °C carbon disulfide, dialkylcyanamide and benzylideneaniline afford 2-dialkylthiocarbamoylimino-3,4-diphenyl-1,3-thiazetidine, the structure of which was determined by X-ray crystallography.