bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of defoliation management, based on leaf stage, on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth.) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) under dryland conditions. 2. Nutritive value
Authors: Turner L. R. , Donaghy D. J. , Lane P. A. , Rawnsley R. P. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA field experiment was undertaken between April 2003 and May 2004 in southern Tasmania, Australia, to quantify and compare changes in the nutritive value of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth.) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) under a defoliation regime based on stage of leaf regrowth. Defoliation interval was based on the time taken for two, three or four leaves per tiller to fully expand. At every defoliation event, samples were collected and analysed for acid‐detergent fibre (ADF), neutral‐detergent fibre (NDF) and total nitrogen (N) concentrations and to estimate metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible dry matter (DDM) concentrations. Amounts of crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (MJ) per hectare values were subsequently calculated. There was a significantly lower (P < 0·001) NDF concentration for perennial ryegrass compared with prairie grass and cocksfoot, and a significantly lower (P < 0·001) ADF concentration for cocksfoot compared with prairie grass and perennial ryegrass, regardless of defoliation interval. The CP concentration of cocksfoot was significantly greater (P < 0·001) compared with the CP concentrations of prairie grass and perennial ryegrass. The estimated ME concentrations in cocksfoot were high enough to satisfy the requirements of a lactating dairy cow, with defoliation at or before the four‐leaf stage maintaining ME concentrations between 10·7 and 10·9 MJ kg−1 DM, and minimizing reproductive plant development. The ME concentrations of prairie grass (10·2–10·4 MJ kg−1 DM) were significantly lower (P < 0·001) than for cocksfoot (as above) and perennial ryegrass (11·4–11·6 MJ kg−1 DM) but a higher DM production per hectare resulted in prairie grass providing the greatest amounts of ME ha−1.
Reproductive tillers in cut tall fescue swards: differences according to sward age and fertilizer nitrogen application, and relationships with the local dynamics of the sward
Authors: Lafarge M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe effects of sward age and fertilizer‐nitrogen (N) application rate on reproductive tillers and their involvement in the dynamics of swards of perennial grasses were investigated using sown swards of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Treatments included plots representing two sward ages (two and six‐year‐old swards) and two fertilizer‐N rates (150 and 350 kg N ha−1 yr−1) on the same experimental field. In each of 2 years all plots were cut at the silage stage and three times afterwards. After each cut, during two growing seasons, the vegetative tillers and stubs of cut reproductive tillers were counted in ten permanent quadrats for each of the four treatments, using a grid of 150 cells, each of 2 cm × 2 cm. The results showed a higher density, and a greater proportion of reproductive tillers, on the higher fertilizer‐N rate treatment and on the older swards. The density of vegetative tillers was found to be greater in close proximity to the reproductive tillers in all sward treatments and in both assessment years. Thus, cutting the reproductive tillers did not result in thinning of the swards. It is suggested that a mother‐tiller effect, enhancing renewal of tillers, was likely, although zones bearing reproductive tillers during the second spring were sometimes already denser than zones in the rest of the quadrats before the winter.
Gene duplication, exon gain and neofunctionalization of OEP16‐related genes in land plants
Authors: Drea Sinéad C. , Lao Nga T. , Wolfe Kenneth H. , Kavanagh Tony A. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryOEP16, a channel protein of the outer membrane of chloroplasts, has been implicated in amino acid transport and in the substrate‐dependent import of protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A. Two major clades of OEP16‐related sequences were identified in land plants (OEP16‐L and OEP16‐S), which arose by a gene duplication event predating the divergence of seed plants and bryophytes. Remarkably, in angiosperms, OEP16‐S genes evolved by gaining an additional exon that extends an interhelical loop domain in the pore‐forming region of the protein. We analysed the sequence, structure and expression of the corresponding Arabidopsis genes (atOEP16‐S and atOEP16‐L) and demonstrated that following duplication, both genes diverged in terms of expression patterns and coding sequence. AtOEP16‐S, which contains multiple G‐box ABA‐responsive elements (ABREs) in the promoter region, is regulated by ABI3 and ABI5 and is strongly expressed during the maturation phase in seeds and pollen grains, both desiccation‐tolerant tissues. In contrast, atOEP‐L, which lacks promoter ABREs, is expressed predominantly in leaves, is induced strongly by low‐temperature stress and shows weak induction in response to osmotic stress, salicylic acid and exogenous ABA. Our results indicate that gene duplication, exon gain and regulatory sequence evolution each played a role in the divergence of OEP16 homologues in plants.
Increased expression of lipoxygenase enzymes during pollen season in nasal biopsies of pollen‐allergic patients
Authors: Plewako H. , Holmberg K. , Oancea I. , Rak S. 
Published: May 2006

Background:  Exposure of patients sensitized to pollen triggers development of seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms (SAR). Eicosanoids are a group of arachidonic acid metabolites contributing to the symptoms of SAR. The aim of this study was to investigate seasonal changes in the expression of enzymes of the eicosanoid pathway in the nasal mucosa of patients with SAR.Methods:  Twenty SAR patients allergic to birch or grass and eight healthy subjects were included in the study. Patients registered rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms and use of rescue medication before and during the pollen season.Nasal biopsies were obtained before and around the peak of the season, sectioned and stained using markers for eosinophils, mast cells, T cells and neutrophils. Antibodies against the following enzymes were also used: cyclo‐oxygenase (COX‐1, COX‐2), 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO), 5‐lipoxygenase‐activating factor (FLAP), LTA4 hydrolase (LTA4h) and LTC4 synthase (LTC4s).Results:  During the pollen season symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis and medication score increased significantly (P = 0.001; P = 0.001 respectively).During the pollen season numbers of eosinophils (P = 0.02) and cell positive 5‐LO (P = 0.02), LTC4s (P = 0.04) and LTA4h (P = 0.02) increased significantly. During season number of mast cells and cells expressing 5‐LO and LTA4h were higher in SAR than in healthy controls group (P = 0.02; P = 0.01; P = 0.03 respectively).Conclusion:  In sensitized patients exposure to pollen allergen results in increased expression of enzymes of the eicosanoid pathway.
A critical role for the glial‐derived neuromodulator d‐serine in the age‐related deficits of cellular mechanisms of learning and memory
Authors: Mothet J. P. , Rouaud E. , Sinet P.‐M. , Potier B. , Jouvenceau A. , Dutar P. , Videau C. , Epelbaum J. , Billard J.‐M. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryAge‐associated deficits in learning and memory are closely correlated with impairments of synaptic plasticity. Analysis of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAr)‐dependent long‐term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 hippocampal slices indicates that the glial‐derived neuromodulator d‐serine is required for the induction of synaptic plasticity. During aging, the content of d‐serine and the expression of its synthesizing enzyme serine racemase are significantly decreased in the hippocampus. Impaired LTP and NMDAr‐mediated synaptic potentials in old rats are rescued by exogenous d‐serine. These results highlight the critical role of glial cells and presumably astrocytes, through the availability of d‐serine, in the deficits of synaptic mechanisms of learning and memory that occur in the course of aging.
Electrophysiologic Characteristics and Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in Children with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White Syndrome
Authors: LEE PI‐CHANG , HWANG BETAU , CHEN YI‐JEN , TAI CHING‐TAI , CHEN SHIH‐ANN , CHIANG CHERN‐EN 
Published: May 2006

Background: The majority of cardiac arrhythmias in children are supraventricular tachycardia, which is mainly related to an accessory pathway (AP)‐mediated reentry mechanism. The investigation for Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome in adults is numerous, but there is only limited information for children. This study was designed to evaluate the specific electrophysiologic characteristics and the outcome of radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation in children with WPW syndrome.
Methods: From December 1989 to August 2005, a total of 142 children and 1,219 adults with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) who underwent ablation at our institution were included. We compared the clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics between children and adults with WPW syndrome.
Results: The incidence of intermittent WPW syndrome was higher in children (7% vs 3%, P=0.025). There was a higher occurrence of rapid atrial pacing needed to induce tachycardia in children (67% vs 53%, P=0.02). However, atrial fibrillation (AF) occurred more commonly in adult patients (28% vs 16%, P = 0.003). The pediatric patients had a higher incidence of multiple pathways (5% vs 1%, P < 0.001).Both the onset and duration of symptoms were significantly shorter in the pediatric patients. The antegrade 1:1 AP conduction pacing cycle length (CL) and antegrade AP effective refractory period (ERP) in children were much shorter than those in adults with manifest WPW syndrome. Furthermore, the retrograde 1:1 AP conduction pacing CL and retrograde AP ERP in children were also shorter than those in adults. The antegrade 1:1 atrioventricular (AV) node conduction pacing CL, AV nodal ERP, and the CL of the tachycardia were all shorter in the pediatric patients.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated the difference in the electrophysiologic characteristics of APs and the AV node between pediatric and adult patients. RF catheter ablation was a safe and effective method to manage children with WPW syndrome.
Good school performance is a risk factor of suicide in psychoses: a 35‐year follow up of the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort
Authors: Alaräisänen A. , Miettunen J. , Lauronen E. , Räsänen P. , Isohanni M. 
Published: May 2006

Objective:  Our aim was to analyse the relationship between good school performance and risk of suicide in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, especially in psychoses.Method:  A total of 11 017 cohort members who were alive at the age of 16 years were followed up to the age of 35 years. School performance was measured by the school marks given at age 16 at the end of comprehensive school. School, diagnostic and mortality data were based on national registers.Results:  For psychotic persons having good school performance (highest 20%), the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for suicide was 3.56 (0.97–13.05) compared with the remaining 80%. In the non‐psychotic population (97% without psychiatric hospitalization), accordingly, adjusted HR was 0.28 (0.07–1.16). Interaction (school performance × psychiatric diagnosis) was significant (P = 0.01) even when adjusted with gender, social class and age of onset of illness.Conclusion:  Good school performance at age 16 years is associated with increased risk of suicide (before age 35 years) in persons who develop psychosis, whereas in persons who do not develop psychosis, it is associated with lower suicide risk.
Perinatal risk factors and infantile autism
Authors: Maimburg R. D. , Væth M. 
Published: May 2006

Objective:  Suboptimal conditions during pregnancy and birth have been suggested as a cause of infantile autism. We have studied the association between obstetric factors and infantile autism.Method:  A population‐based, matched case–control study of infantile autism. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results:  The risk of infantile autism was increased for mothers aged >35 years, with foreign citizenship, and mothers who used medicine during pregnancy. A higher risk of infantile autism was seen among children with low birth weight and with congenital malformations. Birth interventions, pathological cardiotocography, green amnion fluid and acidosis during delivery were not associated with increased risk for infantile autism.Conclusion:  Our findings suggest that suboptimal birth conditions are not an independent risk factor for infantile autism. A high prevalence of low birth weight and birth defects among autism cases seems to explain the suboptimal birth outcome.
Follow‐up visits as a measure of adaptation process to removable prostheses
Authors: Panek Halina , Krawczykowska Honorata , Dobosz Anna , Napadłek Piotr , Panek Beata A. , Sosna‐Gramza Magdalena 
Published: May 2006

Objectives:  The paper was aimed to establish the influence of some general and local factors on adaptation process to removable prostheses (RPs). The adaptation process is a complex issue, which is often associated with painful reactions. Those complaints force patients to visit a dentist who makes alterations to reduce the patient's discomfort.Material and methods:  The study involved analysis of 300 dental records of patients who visited our Department for RPs. The authors analysed the influence of gender, age, condition of general health, maintenance of the prosthetic base tissues and the kind of prostheses on the process of adaptation. It was measured by means of a number of follow‐up visits of the patients to our polyclinic. The findings were analysed statistically by means of chi‐squared test. The level of significance was assumed to be p < 0.05.Results and conclusions:  Adaptation to RPs without any correction was revealed by about one‐fifth of patients. Men adapted to RPs better than women. The biggest problems with adaptation to RPs were observed in patients using a complete and partial prosthesis simultaneously. The number of follow‐up visits by patients who were treated with RPs for the first time or had been treated before was almost the same. Adaptation of RPs on an atrophic muco‐osseous ridge was associated with more multiple visits than in the case of a well‐preserved ridge. Healthy patients adapt to RPs better than patients with systemic disorders. Taking into account the limitations of the study, the number of follow‐up visits may be used as a helpful indicator of the adaptation process.
Oral hygiene and the need for treatment of the dependent institutionalised elderly
Authors: Montal Sylvie , Tramini Paul , Triay Jean‐Albert , Valcarcel Jean 
Published: May 2006

Objective:  To assessing the oral hygiene and treatment needs of a geriatric institution in southern France.Background:  For various reasons, the care demand from elderly people is low and difficult to determine, whereas their oral status would need long and complicated treatments.Materials and methods:  From 2003 to 2004, a cross‐sectional study of 321 elderly patients was conducted at several geriatric services of Montpellier, France. The clinical evaluation of dental status was recorded together with medical information. Dental and prosthetic hygiene, status of dentures, caries experience, dependence conditions and treatment needs were evaluated.Results:  The prevalence of edentulism was 27%, with no gender difference (23% of the men and 29% of the women). Among them, 16.7% (upper jaw) and 18.1% (lower jaw) were totally edentulous with no denture. The mean number of decayed and missing teeth was 3.7 for men and 2.8 for women and 21.5 for men and 21.0 for women, respectively. The mean number of filled teeth was 0.8 for men and 1.3 for women, with no statistical difference according to gender for the three indexes. Most of the subjects needed prostheses (53%), 45.1% extractions and 30.6% conservative treatments. Only 2.4% did not need any treatment.Conclusion:  The prevalence of edentulism was relatively low, while the need for prosthodontic rehabilitation, especially for men, was still very high. The dental hygiene was globally inadequate. This evaluation emphasises the care demand and the need for help in oral hygiene procedures for the dependent institutionalised elderly.
The oral health of individuals with dementia in nursing homes
Authors: Adam Helen , Preston Antony J. 
Published: May 2006

Objective:  To determine if moderate to severe dementia has an effect on the oral health of individuals resident in nursing homes.Background:  A significant proportion of the elderly population lives in nursing homes and suffers from varying degrees of dementia. Dementia might affect an individual's ability to implement oral care. Previous work in this area has focused on individuals with mild dementia living in the community setting.Material and methods:  Two matched cohorts of subjects resident in four nursing homes in Cheshire were recruited (n = 135). One cohort's subjects were deemed to have no or mild dementia, whereas the other cohort's subjects were deemed to have moderate to severe dementia. Oral parameters were scored, including Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) scoring, dental deposit scoring, denture assessment and the noting of any other pathology.Results:  There was a statistically significant difference in the relative level of dementia of the subjects between the two cohorts (p < 0.01, Student's t‐test). The DMFT scores were similar for both groups. The mean number (±SD) of decayed and missing teeth for the no/mild dementia group was 1.11 (±3.42) and 28.22 (±6.64), whilst that of the moderate/severe dementia cohort was 0.80 (±1.87) and 27.28 (±7.73), respectively. Eleven per cent of the moderate/severe dementia cohort wore an upper denture alone as compared with 16% in the no/mild dementia group.Conclusion:  For individuals resident in nursing homes, moderate to severe dementia might have a deleterious effect on oral health. Further work in this area is required.
An informatics model for tissue banks – Lessons learned from the Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource
Authors: Patel Ashokkumar A , Gilbertson John R , Parwani Anil V , Dhir Rajiv , Datta Milton W , Gupta Rajnish , Berman Jules J , Melamed Jonathan , Kajdacsy-Balla Andre , Orenstein Jan , Becich Michael J ,   the Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Advances in molecular biology and growing requirements from biomarker validation studies have generated a need for tissue banks to provide quality-controlled tissue samples with standardized clinical annotation. The NCI Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource (CPCTR) is a distributed tissue bank that comprises four academic centers and provides thousands of clinically annotated prostate cancer specimens to researchers. Here we describe the CPCTR information management system architecture, common data element (CDE) development, query interfaces, data curation, and quality control.

Methods
Data managers review the medical records to collect and continuously update information for the 145 clinical, pathological and inventorial CDEs that the Resource maintains for each case. An Access-based data entry tool provides de-identification and a standard communication mechanism between each group and a central CPCTR database. Standardized automated quality control audits have been implemented. Centrally, an Oracle database has web interfaces allowing multiple user-types, including the general public, to mine de-identified information from all of the sites with three levels of specificity and granularity as well as to request tissues through a formal letter of intent.

Results
Since July 2003, CPCTR has offered over 6,000 cases (38,000 blocks) of highly characterized prostate cancer biospecimens, including several tissue microarrays (TMA). The Resource developed a website with interfaces for the general public as well as researchers and internal members. These user groups have utilized the web-tools for public query of summary data on the cases that were available, to prepare requests, and to receive tissues. As of December 2005, the Resource received over 130 tissue requests, of which 45 have been reviewed, approved and filled. Additionally, the Resource implemented the TMA Data Exchange Specification in its TMA program and created a computer program for calculating PSA recurrence.

Conclusion
Building a biorepository infrastructure that meets today's research needs involves time and input of many individuals from diverse disciplines. The CPCTR can provide large volumes of carefully annotated prostate tissue for research initiatives such as Specialized Programs of Research Excellence (SPOREs) and for biomarker validation studies and its experience can help development of collaborative, large scale, virtual tissue banks in other organ systems.
Vaccination coverage and reasons for non-vaccination in a district of Istanbul
Authors: Torun Sebahat D , Bakırcı Nadi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
In order to control and eliminate the vaccine preventable diseases it is important to know the vaccination coverage and reasons for non-vaccination. The primary objective of this study was to determine the complete vaccination rate; the reasons for non-vaccination and the predictors that influence vaccination of children. The other objective was to determine coverage of measles vaccination of the Measles Immunization Days (MID) 2005 for children aged 9 month to 6 years in a region of Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey.

Methods
A '30 × 7' cluster sampling design was used as the sampling method. Thirty streets were selected at random from study area. Survey data were collected by a questionnaire which was applied face to face to parents of 221 children. A Chi-square test and logistic regression was used for the statistical analyses. Content analysis method was used to evaluate the open-ended questions.

Results
The complete vaccination rate for study population was 84.5% and 3.2% of all children were totally non-vaccinated. The siblings of non-vaccinated children were also non-vaccinated. Reasons for non-vaccination were as follows: being in the village and couldn't reach to health care services; having no knowledge about vaccination; the father of child didn't allow vaccination; intercurrent illness of child during vaccination time; missed opportunities like not to shave off a vial for only one child. In logistic regression analysis, paternal and maternal levels of education and immigration time of both parents to Istanbul were found to influence whether children were completely vaccinated or non-vaccinated. Measles vaccination coverage during MID was 79.3%.

Conclusion
Efforts to increase vaccination coverage should take reasons for non-vaccination into account.