bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of lasalocid as a coccidiostat in calves: Titration, efficacy, and comparison with monensin and decoquinate
Authors: Foreyt William J. , Rice Daniel H. , Wescott Richard B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate lasalocid as a coccidiostat in Holstein calves and to compare lasalocid with monensin and decoquinate. In experiment 1, calves in 3 groups (6 calves/group) were each inoculated with 500,000 sporulated oocysts, 88% of which were Eimeria bovis and 12% were E zuernii. Calves in each group were given lasalocid-medicated feed at 0.50 (group 3), 0.75 (group 4), or 1 mg/kg (group 5) of body weight/day for 45 days. Two control groups (6 calves/group) were also evaluated; calves in control group 2 were inoculated and nontreated, and calves in control group 1 were noninoculated and nontreated. At 0.50, 0.75, or 1 mg/kg/day, lasalocid was equally effective in preventing induced coccidiosis (E bovis and E zuernii) in calves. Compared with inoculated nontreated controls, treated calves had significantly (P < 0.05) fewer oocysts in feces and had fewer clinical signs of coccidiosis from days 16 to 30 after inoculation.
Experiment 2 was conducted to compare the effectiveness of monensin, lasalocid, and decoquinate for the prevention of experimentally induced coccidiosis. Calves (n = 48) were allotted into 4 groups (12 calves/group); each was inoculated orally with 275,000 sporulated oocysts, predominantly E bovis and E zuernii, and each was given nonmedicated feed (group 6) or feed medicated with 33 mg of lasalocid (group 7), decoquinate (group 8), or monensin (group 9)/kg of feed for 46 days. Calves given medicated rations had significantly (P < 0.05) fewer oocysts in their feces and fewer clinical signs of coccidiosis than did calves given nonmedicated rations. Monensin, lasalocid, and decoquinate effectively reduced oocysts numbers in the feces of calves and prevented clinical coccidiosis. In both experiments, significant differences in average daily gain, feed consumed, or feed-conversion rates were not found among treated and nontreated groups.
Chloramphenicol concentrations in calf muscle tissue
Authors: Epstein R. L. , Ashworth R. B. , Simpson R. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-five 9- to 11-week-old calves were administered 2 doses of chloramphenicol prepared in propylene glycol (13.6 mg/kg of body weight iv; 6.8 mg/kg im; or 13.6 mg/kg im) at 24-hour intervals. Calves were euthanatized at designated times from 2 to 72 hours after the last dose was administered. Muscle tissues were collected immediately after euthanasia, and chloramphenicol concentrations in the tissues were determined.
Cardiovascular and pharmacokinetic effects of isoxsuprine in the horse
Authors: Matthews Nora S. , Gleed Robin D. , Short Charles E. , Burrows Katey 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Isoxsuprine (0.6 mg/kg) administered iv to 6 standing horses produced substantial, transient decreases in systemic blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and stroke volume. It also produced substantial, transient increases in heart rate, cardiac output, and purposeful movement. Plasma concentrations of isoxsuprine peaked soon after the drug was administered iv and then decreased over a 12-hour period in a biexponential manner, with distribution and elimination half-lives of 14 minutes and 2.67 hours, respectively. Total body clearance and steady-state volume of distribution were calculated to be 53.8 ml/min/kg and 10.5 L/kg, respectively. When a recommended therapeutic dosage regimen (0.6 mg/kg 2 times a day, per os) was used in 4 of these horses, changes were not detected. Isoxsuprine was not detected in plasma after the drug was given orally. We conclude that 0.6 mg of isoxsuprine/kg given orally every 12 hours is not likely to produce cardiovascular changes in the resting horse and that this is probably because plasma concentrations are not high enough to do so.
Evaluation of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid nuclear imaging for quantitative determination of the glomerular filtration rate of dogs
Authors: Krawiec Donald R. , Badertscher Robert R. , Twardock A. Robert , Rubin Stanley I. , Gelberg Howard B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thu suitability of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-dtpa) as an agent to assess glomerular filtration rate (gfr) in dogs was evaluated. Glomerular filtration rates of 12 healthy dogs were determined on the basis of creatinine and/or inulin clearance. Glomerular filtration rates also were determined in 7 dogs after induction of acute renal failure by administration of amphotericin B. The healthy dogs and the amphotericin B-treated dogs were given 99mTc-dtpa (1 to 2 mCi) iv. The percentage of the 99mTc-dtpa dose in the kidneys (percentage dose) was determined, with background activity subtracted from total activity at 15-s intervals 0 to 6 minutes after 99mTc-dtpa infusion. Linear regression analyses (lra) were performed to determine whether the percentage dose at various time intervals after injection correlated with gfr calculated on the basis of creatinine and inulin clearance data. One to 3 minutes after 99mTc-dtpa administration appeared to be the best period for analysis of the data. The percentage dose of 99mTc-dtpa (corrected for kidney depth differences) was determined and lra against gfr were performed. The percentage dose correlated better with inulin clearance (r = 0.94) than with endogenous creatinine clearance (r = 0.83). Only inulin clearance correlations improved with kidney depth correction. The lra was used to derive an equation that could be used to calculate gfr on the basis of the percentage dose. The equation derived from inulin regression was: gfr (milliliter/minute/kilogram of body weight) = 0.194 (depth-corrected percentage dose) − 0.37; the equation derived from the creatinine regression was: gfr (milliliter/minute/kilogram) = 0.171 (depth-corrected percentage dose) − 0.15. Therefore, 99mTc-dtpa can be used as an agent for the rapid, noninvasive, and accurate determination of gfr in dogs.
Effects of ketanserin on pulmonary hemodynamics, lung mechanics, and gas exchange in endotoxemic pigs
Authors: Olson N. C. , Grizzle M. K. , Anderson D. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of ketanserin on pulmonary hemodynmmics, lung mechanics, and gas exchange were determined in anesthetized 10- to 14-week-old pigs after they were endotoxemic for 1 or 4.5 hours. Saline solution was given to controls (group 1). Escherichia coli endotoxin (055-B5) was infused iv at a dosage of 5 μg/kg for 1 hour (group 2). In group 3, endotoxin was infused at 5 μg/kg the first hour plus a continuous infusion of endotoxin at 2 μg/kg/hr. Ketanserin, a specific serotonin receptor antagonist, was infused iv (300 μg/kg) after pigs were endotoxemic for 1 or 4.5 hours (groups 2 and 3, respectively). At 1 hour of endotoxemia, mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were increased, and cardiac index was decreased. Ketanserin caused a small attenuation of the increases in mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, indicating that serotonin may have a small role in the endotoxin response at 1 hour. At 4.5 hours of endotoxemia, mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, alveolar dead space ventilation, and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient were increased, and cardiac index and lung dynamic compliance were decreased; ketanserin significantly attenuated the endotoxin-induced changes in cardiac index, mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and lung dynamic compliance. Ketanserin also decreased the blood temperature after pigs were endotoxemic for 4.5 hours. However, the endotoxin-induced increases (at 4.5 hours) in alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient and alveolar dead space ventilation were not acutely reversed by ketanserin. These findings indicate that serotonin contributes significantly to the pulmonary vasoconstriction and, to a lesser extent, to the bronchoconstriction observed in pigs that were endotoxemic for 4.5 hours.
Pattern of breathing in brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Amis Terence C. , Kurpershoek C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The pattern of breathing was assessed in 19 brachycephalic dogs, using tidal breathing flow-volume loop (tbfvl) analysis. Fifteen dogs had tbfvl consistent with a fixed-type upper airway obstruction, whereas 4 dogs had a tbfvl indicative of a nonfixed upper airway obstruction. The dogs did not have a tbfvl shape the same as that considered normal for healthy nonbrachycephalic dogs. Tidal breathing flow-volume loops from brachycephalic dogs that were considered to have a normal respiratory tract (n = 11) were similar to those of dogs with clinical signs of upper airway obstruction (n = 8). Respiration was monitored continuously for short periods (20 to 50 minutes) in 3 brachycephalic dogs resting in a cage in a quiet, darkened laboratory; 2 of these dogs had periodic breathing patterns characterized by multiple episodes of alternating hypopnea and arousal. Brachycephalic dogs may be at risk for the development of disordered breathing during sleep.
Recording uterine motility in the nonanesthetized bitch
Authors: Wheaton Lynn G. , Rodriguez-Martinez Heriberto , Weston Patricia G. , Ko Chih-Heng , Gustafsson Borje K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Spontaneous and drug-induced uterine motility (um) was recorded in 5 nonanesthetized bitches for 2 to 4 days. Catheter-tip pressure transducers were surgically implanted in 1 uterine horn, tunneled subcutaneously to exit from the skin over the dorsal lumbar area, and protected by a bandage. On the day after implantation, spontaneous um was recorded in the awake bitch. Effects of iv prostaglandin (pg) F2α (5 μg/kg of body weight) and oxytocin (0.05 USP U/kg) and im pgf2α (25 μg/kg) were measured. Estradiol (1 to 25 μg/kg) was administered and the study was repeated 24 hours later. In awake bitches, spontaneous um was 190% greater than um in anesthetized bitches. Uterine motility was increased by more than 100% after iv pgf2α or oxytocin and by 52% after im pgf2α. Estradiol abolished spontaneous um, but did not affect drug-induced responses. Seemingly, spontaneous and drug-induced um can be documented in the nonanesthetized bitch.
Onchocerca gutturosa and Onchocerca lienalis in cattle: Effect of age, sex, and origin on prevalence of onchocerciasis in subtropical and temperate regions of Florida and Georgia
Authors: Ferenc S. A. , Copeman D. B. , Turk S. R. , Courtney C. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Evaluation of 845 cattle from Florida and Georgia for onchocerciasis indicated a significantly higher prevalence of infection with Onchocerca gutturosa and a significantly lower prevalence of infection with Onchocerca lienalis in the southern portion of Florida (subtropical region) than in the northern portion of Florida or in Georgia (temperature region). In all regions, prevalence of infection with O gutturosa was significantly higher than infection with O lienalis. In the temperate region, bulls were infected more often with O lienalis than were cows. Other sex-related differences in infection with either filariid was not found. Prevalence of infection with O lienalis was similar between age groups in all regions. Rates of infection with O gutturosa differed between age groups within and between subtropical and temperate regions.
Examination of cervical and umbilical skin specimens for microfilariae detected an additional 6.6% of infected animals that had not been found by examination for adult worms. However, microfilariae were not found in 21.4% of animals that were positive for adult worms.
Evidence of paratuberculosis in Ohio's white-tailed deer, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Shulaw William P. , Gordon John C. , Bech-Nielsen Steen , Pretzman Charles I. , Hoffsis Glen F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed and used to detect antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in serum samples obtained in December of 1983 from 954 hunter-killed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in 13 Ohio counties. Positive or negative status was determined by calculating a signal-to-noise ratio, a ratio between the optical density of the test serum and negative reference sera; a ratio of ≥ 3.0 was considered positive. Twenty-four samples (2.5%) were found to be assay positive, using this method. A statistically significant difference among age groups was found, with those ≤ 6 months of age having a lower proportion of positives. Differences by sex were not observed.
To determine the validity of the elisa in deer, serum samples from 46 fallow (Dama dama) and axis deer (Axis axis) harvested from a known infected population were tested by elisa and agar-gel immunodiffusion. The agar-gel immunodiffusion test showed evidence of exposure of the deer to M paratuberculosis or a related antigen. The elisa closely approximated the prevalence of paratuberculosis infection as previously determined by fecal culture in this population. As a result of these tests, it was concluded that free-ranging Ohio deer have been infected with M paratuberculosis or exposed to a closely related antigen.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of normal boar testicles
Authors: Cartee Robert E. , Powe Thomas A. , Gray Bruce W. , Hudson Robert S. , Kuhlers Daryl L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The testicles of 14 Landrace boars (7 at 9 months of age and 7 at 15 months of age) were measured and examined by routine physical examination. Semen analysis was done. The testicles were then examined and measured by B-mode ultrasonography. The ultrasonographic appearance and measurements were compared with the physical measurements and the semen analysis. Seminiferous epithelial area (sea) data were obtained after the testicles were surgically removed. These data were compared with the ultrasonographic data and the other physical data. A correlation could not be found between semen analysis and either physical or ultrasonographic data or between sea data and semen analysis. Significant differences were found between the 9-month-old and the 15-month-old boars relative to 5 measurements: sea, tunica albuginea thickness, testicular diameter, testicular length, and epididymal diameter. A ratio of 4:1 was found between each of the average physical measurements (scrotal diameter, testicular-epididymal circumference, testicular-epididymal length) and ultrasonographic measurements of testicular diameter. A ratio of 2.6:1 was found between testicular diameter and epididymal tail diameter (cranial to caudal).
Characterization of Tritrichomonas foetus antigens, using bovine antiserum
Authors: Hall Mark R. , Huang Juch-Chin , Ota Ronald , Redelman Doug , Hanks Donald , Taylor Robert E. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Tritrichomonas foetus antigens were identified, using the serum of an Angus heifer that had been repeatedly immunized with suspensions of 1 × 108 organisms in Freund's complete adjuvant. Antibody activity against T foetus was determined by dot-blot analysis, using horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-bovine immunoglobulin to detect bound antibody. The antiserum contained antibodies against surface and flagellar components of live or fixed T foetus, as determined by use of immunofluorescence. The antiserum reacted with approximately 38 proteins in a pool of 55 to 60 components resolvable by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of T foetus extracts.
Clinical survey of antibodies against red blood cells in horses after homologous blood transfusion
Authors: Wong P. L. , Nickel L. S. , Bowling A. T. , Steffey E. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum samples of 20 horses were evaluated for antibodies against rbc after homologous blood transfusion. Transfusion-associated antibodies against rbc were detected in 10 horses. Antibodies recognizing horse blood group antigens Aa, Ae, Db, and Dc were identified. Antibodies against Aa were found in all samples from Aa-negative horses that were transfused with Aa-positive rbc. Antibodies against Aa persisted for at least 1 year after transfusion. Antibodies against Ae were detected in 7 of 8 horses transfused with Ae-positive rbc. Initial appearance and persistence of antibodies against Ae differed among the horses; antibodies were initially detected 1 week to 154 weeks after transfusion and disappeared as early as 4 weeks after transfusion. Antibodies against Db or Dc were detected in ≤ 33% of the horses that lacked Db or Dc antigens and were transfused with Db- or Dc-positive rbc. Antibodies against Db and Dc were initially detected in sera later than were the A-system antibodies.
Three mares with transfusion-associated antibodies subsequently produced healthy offspring. Two foals had rbc antigens corresponding to their dam's alloantibodies; maternal colostrum with antibodies against Aa was withheld from the Aa-positive foal. The Db-positive foal remained healthy after nursing the mare with serum antibodies against Db.
Pharmacokinetics and endometrial tissue concentrations of ticarcillin given to the horse by intravenous and intrauterine routes
Authors: Spensley Michael S. , Baggot J. Desmond , Wilson W. David , Hietala Sharon K. , Mihalyi Judith E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma and endometrial tissue concentrations of ticarcillin were measured in healthy mares. In the first of the 3 separate phases comprising the study, ticarcillin disodium (30 mg/kg) was administered iv. The mean peak concentration in endometrial tissue, 12.9 μg/g, was attained at 30 minutes. The plasma half-life of the drug in the 6 mares was 0.83 ± 0.22 hour.
Six grams of the drug was diluted in 250 ml of sodium chloride injection USP (2nd phase) and in 60 ml of sodium chloride injection USP (3rd phase). These dilutions were administered by intrauterine infusion. In phase 2, the mean peak concentrations of the drug in plasma and endometrium were 2.76 μg/ml and > 150 μg/g, respectively, at 60 minutes after it was administered. Endometrial concentrations > 150 μg of ticarcillin/g persisted through 2 hours after the drug was administered. Mean peak plasma and endometrial concentrations of the drug in phase 3 were 2.78 μg/ml and > 150 μg/g at 45 and 30 minutes after administration was done, respectively.
At 1 hour after the drug was administered, endometrial concentrations of ticarcillin were significantly higher (P < 0.01) after the drug was infused intrauterinely in the 250-ml volume than those after the 60-ml volume was infused. It was concluded that the volume of fluid in which the drug was infused into the uterus markedly influenced the duration of concentrations > 20 μg/g in endometrial tissue.
Sulfamethazine blood/tissue correlation study in swine
Authors: Ashworth R. B. , Epstein R. L. , Thomas M. H. , Frobish L. T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Seventy market-weight hogs (90 to 113 kg) were used in a feeding study to determine the correlation of serum sulfamethazine concentrations with sulfamethazine concentrations in liver and muscle at time of slaughter. Test groups were fed medicated feeds prepared from commercial medicated premixes containing 110 g of sulfamethazine/metric ton for 30 days. Fifteen days before hogs were slaughtered, test groups were given maintenance feeds containing 1.1 to 13.9 g of sulfamethazine/metric ton and were fed these diets until slaughtered.
Comparison of data from positive- and negative-control groups indicated that total withdrawal of sulfamethaziner in the feed was not necessary for the liver to contain less than the allowed tolerance of 0.1 mg of sulfamethazine/kg of liver at slaughter. Feed concentrations of up to 2 g of sulfamethazine/metric ton could be tolerated in withdrawal feeds before liver sulfamethazine values exceeded 0.1 mg/kg of liver. Serum/tissue sulfamethazine ratios were erratic in hogs given 1.1 to 2.7 g of sulfamethazine/metric ton, but became less variable in hogs given > 5.7 g/metric ton. Feed concentrations > 8 g of sulfamethazine/metric ton produced values >0.1 mg/kg of muscle and values of about 0.4 mg/kg of liver.
When serum sulfamethazine concentrations alone were used as a predictor for tissue sulfamethazine values, 100% of the liver values exceeded 0.10 mg/kg of liver when sulfamethazine in serum was > 0.45 mg/L. However, 57.4% of samples having serum concentrations between 0.10 and 0.45 mg/L had associated sulfamethazine values >0.1 mg/kg of liver. All hogs having serum sulfamethazine concentrations < 0.1 mg/L had sulfamethazine concentrations < 0.1 mg/kg of liver.
Comparison of the susceptibility of Brucella abortus isolates obtained before and after cows were treated with oxytetracycline and streptomycin
Authors: Guerra Marta A. , Nicoletti Paul 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eight isolates of Brucella abortus were obtained from cows before and after they were treated with oxytetracycline and streptomycin. The susceptibility to these antibiotics was determined by broth-dilution minimal inhibitory and minimal lethal concentrations. Differences were not found in the minimal lethal concentrations of oxytetracycline or streptomycin in isolates obtained from cows before and after they were treated. This indicates that treatment failures in the cows were not the result of development of resistance to the antibiotics by B abortus.
Comparison of single-dose and conventional trimethoprim-sulfadiazine therapy in experimental Staphylococcus intermedius cystitis in the female dog
Authors: Turnwald Grant H. , Gossett Kent A. , Cox Hollis Utah , Kearney Michael T. , Roy Alma F. , Thomas David E. , Troy Gregory C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cystitis was produced in 4 groups of 6 female dogs each, using salicylic acid, ethanol, and Staphylococcus intermedius. Group-I dogs served as nontreated controls. Starting 2 days after infection was induced, group-II dogs were treated with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine at a dosage of 15 mg/kg given orally 2 times a day for 21 days; groups-III and -IV dogs were treated with single oral dosages of the antibiotic at 60 mg/kg and 90 mg/kg, respectively.
Group-I dogs (controls) remained infected for the 26-day duration of the study. The response to therapy seen in group-II dogs was better than the therapeutic responses in groups-III and -IV dogs (P < 0.05).
Results of the present study do not support the efficacy of single-dose therapy for this model of cystitis.
Experimentally induced infections in turkeys with Cryptosporidium baileyi isolated from chickens
Authors: Lindsay David S. , Blagburn Byron L. , Hoerr Frederic J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Oocysts of Cryptosporidium baileyi isolated from chickens were inoculated by different routes into 3 groups of turkey poults. Intratracheal inoculation of oocysts produced clinical signs of respiratory tract disease, deaths, and gross lesions of airsacculitis. Parasites developed in the microvillous border of the nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and air sacs. Oral and intracloacal inoculations of oocysts caused no deaths or clinical signs of disease, but did produce patent infections. Respiratory tract infections limited to the nasopharynx, larynx, and trachea occurred in 3 orally inoculated poults. Respiratory tract infections were not observed in intracloacally inoculated poults. The mode of inoculation did not influence the distribution of C baileyi in the digestive tract. The cloaca was parasitized in 100% of the birds with intestinal infections, and the bursa of Fabricius was parasitized in 72.7%.