bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperconcentrated flows shape bedrock channels
Authors: Stammberger Verena , Jacobs Benjamin , Krautblatter Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGeomorphological evidence of incised bedrock channels is widespread in all mountain landscapes worldwide. However, the processes controlling incision and gorge formation in bedrock have not directly been observed in an actualistic way. Here, we show a LiDAR change detection deciphering the erosive power of a 60,000 m3hyperconcentrated flow (transition between flood and debris flow) in a deeply incised rock gorge in June, 2020. The flow laterally eroded up to 1 m of massive limestone and widened a 4 m narrow section of the gorge by up to 15%. Sinuosity, convergence, and gradient of the channel were proven to not influence erosivity indicating the hyperconcentrated nature of erosion. Furthermore, other than in prior studies no abrasion of thin rock veneer dominates erosion but mechanically excited breakout of rock fragments. Magnitude-frequency relations of eroded volumes mimic subaerial rock wall retreat. We show how single hyperconcentrated flows can erode bedrock channels far more efficient than decades of turbulent flows and hypothesise that repeated hyperconcentrated flows in phases of enhanced precipitation or by elevated material supply could control erosion boosts in gorge formation, e.g. in the Lateglacial or during climatic fluctuations.
Lifelong absence of microglia alters hippocampal glutamatergic networks but not synapse and spine density
Authors: Surala Michael , Soso-Zdravkovic Luna , Munro David , Rifat Ali , Ouk Koliane , Vida Imre , Priller Josef , Madry Christian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicroglia sculpt developing neural circuits by eliminating excess synapses in a process called synaptic pruning, by removing apoptotic neurons, and by promoting neuronal survival. To elucidate the role of microglia during embryonic and postnatal brain development, we used a mouse model deficient in microglia throughout life by deletion of the fms-intronic regulatory element (FIRE) in the Csf1r locus. Surprisingly, young adult Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE mice display no changes in excitatory and inhibitory synapse number and spine density of CA1 hippocampal neurons compared with Csf1r+/+ littermates. However, CA1 neurons are less excitable, receive less CA3 excitatory input and show altered synaptic properties, but this does not affect novel object recognition. Cytokine profiling indicates an anti-inflammatory state along with increases in ApoE levels and reactive astrocytes containing synaptic markers in Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE mice. Notably, these changes in Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE mice closely resemble the effects of acute microglial depletion in adult mice after normal development. Our findings suggest that microglia are not mandatory for synaptic pruning, and that in their absence pruning can be achieved by other mechanisms.
FOXF1 promotes tumor vessel normalization and prevents lung cancer progression through FZD4
Authors: Bian Fenghua , Goda Chinmayee , Wang Guolun , Lan Ying-Wei , Deng Zicheng , Gao Wen , Acharya Anusha , Reza Abid A , Gomez-Arroyo Jose , Merjaneh Nawal , Ren Xiaomeng , Goveia Jermaine , Carmeliet Peter , Kalinichenko Vladimir V , Kalin Tanya V 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCancer cells re-program normal lung endothelial cells (EC) into tumor-associated endothelial cells (TEC) that form leaky vessels supporting carcinogenesis. Transcriptional regulators that control the reprogramming of EC into TEC are poorly understood. We identified Forkhead box F1 (FOXF1) as a critical regulator of EC-to-TEC transition. FOXF1 was highly expressed in normal lung vasculature but was decreased in TEC within non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Low FOXF1 correlated with poor overall survival of NSCLC patients. In mice, endothelial-specific deletion of FOXF1 decreased pericyte coverage, increased vessel permeability and hypoxia, and promoted lung tumor growth and metastasis. Endothelial-specific overexpression of FOXF1 normalized tumor vessels and inhibited the progression of lung cancer. FOXF1 deficiency decreased Wnt/β-catenin signaling in TECs through direct transcriptional activation of Fzd4. Restoring FZD4 expression in FOXF1-deficient TECs through endothelial-specific nanoparticle delivery of Fzd4 cDNA rescued Wnt/β-catenin signaling in TECs, normalized tumor vessels and inhibited the progression of lung cancer. Altogether, FOXF1 increases tumor vessel stability, and inhibits lung cancer progression by stimulating FZD4/Wnt/β-catenin signaling in TECs. Nanoparticle delivery of FZD4 cDNA has promise for future therapies in NSCLC.
A high step‐up high step‐down coupled inductor based bidirectional DC–DC converter with low voltage stress on switches
Authors: Abolhassani Pouya , Maalandish Mohammad , Nadermohammadi Ali , Sharifian Mohammad Bagher Bannae , Feyzi Mohammad Reza , Hosseini Seyed Hossein 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes, a novel soft‐switching bidirectional direct current to direct current (DC–DC) converter based on switched‐capacitor and coupled‐inductor. The proposed converter has a simple structure and utilizes four switches and a three‐winding coupled inductor and can achieve a high voltage conversion ratio in both step‐up/step‐down operations. By employing the switched‐capacitor technique, voltage stress across the power switches is low and therefore low voltage rating switches can be adopted to reduce the losses of their conduction. Soft‐switching characteristic of the proposed converter reduces the switching loss of active power switches and raises the conversion efficiency. This paper presents theoretical analysis for all operating modes of the converter, voltage conversion ratio, voltage and current stresses of all power switches. Finally, to test the validity of theoretical results and demonstrate the performance of the converter, experimental results are provided.
Radial velocity homogeneous analysis of M dwarfs observed with HARPS
Authors: Mignon L. , Delfosse X. , Bonfils X. , Meunier N. , Astudillo-Defru N. , Gaisne G. , Forveille T. , Bouchy F. , Curto G. Lo , Udry S. , Segransan D. , Unger N. , Lovis C. , Santos N. C. , Mayor M. 
Published: April 2024

Context. The census of planets around M dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood meets two challenges: detecting the best targets for the future characterisation of planets with ELTs, and studying the statistics of planet occurrence that are crucial to formation scenarios. The radial velocity (RV) method remains the most appropriate for such a census as it is sensitive to the widest ranges of masses and periods. HARPS, mounted on the 3.6 m telescope at La Silla Observatory (ESO, Chile), has been obtaining velocity measurements since 2003, and can therefore be used to analyse a very large and homogeneous dataset.
Aims. We performed a homogeneous analysis of the RV time series of 200 M dwarfs observed with HARPS from 2003 to 2019 (gathering more than 15 000 spectra), with the aim of understanding detectable signals such as stellar and planetary companions and activity signals.
Methods. The RVs were computed with a template matching method before carrying out the time series analysis. First, we focused on the systematic analysis of the presence of a dominant long-term pattern in the RV time series (linear or quadratic trend and sine function). Then, we analysed higher-frequency perdiodic signals using periodograms of the residual time series and Keplerian function fitting.
Results. We found long-term variability in 57 RV time series (28.5%). This led to the revision of the parameters of the massive planet (GJ 9482 b), as well as the detection of four substellar and stellar companions (around GJ 3307, GJ 4001, GJ 4254, and GJ 9588), for which we characterised inclinations and masses by combining RV and astrometry. The periodic analysis allowed us to recover 97% of the planetary systems already published in this sample, but also to propose three new planetary candidates orbiting GJ 300 (7.3 M⊕), GJ 654(5 M⊕), and GJ 739 (39 M⊕), which require additional measurements before they can be confirmed.
SUSHI: An algorithm for source separation of hyperspectral images with non-stationary spectral variation
Authors: Lascar J. , Bobin J. , Acero F. 
Published: April 2024

Context. Hyperspectral images are data cubes with two spatial dimensions and a third spectral dimension, providing a spectrum for each pixel, and thus allowing the mapping of extended sources’ physical properties.
Aims. In this article, we present the Semi-blind Unmixing with Sparsity for Hyperspectral Images (SUSHI), an algorithm for non-stationary unmixing of hyperspectral images with spatial regularization of spectral parameters. The method allows for the disentangling of physical components without the assumption of a unique spectrum for each component. Thus, unlike most source separation methods used in astrophysics, all physical components obtained by SUSHI vary in spectral shape and in amplitude across the data cube.
Methods. Non-stationary source separation is an ill-posed inverse problem that needs to be constrained. We achieve this by training a spectral model and applying a spatial regularization constraint on its parameters. For the spectral model, we used an Interpolatory Auto-Encoder, a generative model that can be trained with limited samples. For spatial regularization, we applied a sparsity constraint on the wavelet transform of the model parameter maps.
Results. We applied SUSHI to a toy model meant to resemble supernova remnants in X-ray astrophysics, though the method may be used on any extended source with any hyperspectral instrument. We compared this result to the one obtained by a classic 1D fit on each individual pixel. We find that SUSHI obtains more accurate results, particularly when it comes to reconstructing physical parameters. We then applied SUSHI to real X-ray data from the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A and to the Crab Nebula. The results obtained are realistic and in accordance with past findings but have a much better spatial resolution. Thanks to spatial regularization, SUSHI can obtain reliable physical parameters at fine scales that are out of reach for pixel-by-pixel methods.
Einführung in die qualitative Evidenzsynthese – Varianten und
Anwendung
Authors: Pohontsch Nadine Janis , Hense Helene , Lentsch Veronika 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungQualitative Evidenzsynthesen (QES) werden in der deutschen
Rehabilitationsforschung bislang selten durchgeführt, obwohl robuste Synthesen
qualitativer Evidenz zu wissenschaftlich fundierteren Entscheidungen im
Gesundheitssystem führen können. Der Artikel führt in das Thema der qualitativen
Evidenzsynthese ein, indem drei verschiedene Synthesemethoden – Thematische
Synthese, Meta-Ethnografie und Grounded-Theory-Synthese – exemplarisch
beschrieben und mit Beispielen aus der Rehabilitationsforschung illustriert
werden. Es folgen Hinweise zur Auswahl geeigneter QES-Methoden und Überlegungen
zu den Herausforderungen von QES, die mit der Literaturrecherche und
Qualitätsbewertung der eingeschlossenen Studien verbunden sind. Auch werden
Gütekriterien und Leitfäden für deren Anwendung vorgestellt. GRADE-CERQual kann
zur Messung der Zuverlässigkeit der Ergebnisse aus QES angewendet werden. Der
Artikel schließt mit Überlegungen zur Bedeutsamkeit der QES für die
Rehabilitationsforschung.
The value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in percutaneous biopsy of retroperitoneal masses
Authors: Safai Zadeh Ehsan , Görg Mathis , Görg Christian , Prosch Helmut , Trenker Corinna , Westhoff Christina Carolin , Dietrich Christoph F. , Raab Nils , Alhyari Amjad , Huber Katharina , Pochepnia Svitlana , Weber Michael , Findeisen Hajo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic yield of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)-guided biopsy of retroperitoneal masses (RMs).
Materials and Methods Between 2006 and 2023, 87 patients presented at our US center for biopsy of an RM. In all biopsies, CEUS was performed prior to the intervention. The technical success rate of biopsy, the presence of diagnostic tissue in solid tumor biopsy samples, the accuracy of the biopsy and the occurrence of post-interventional complications were evaluated.
Results A US-guided biopsy could be conducted in 84/87 cases (96.6%). In 3/87 cases (3.4%), US-guided biopsy was impossible because the planned needle path was obstructed by vital structures. Of 84 lesions, 80 (95.2%) were solid lesions, and 4 (4.8%) were lesions containing fluid. In all solid tumors, 80/80 (100%), diagnostic vital tissue was successfully obtained. CEUS-guided biopsy showed a sensitivity of 93.2%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, a negative predictive value of 72.2%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 94.2% for the differentiation between malignant and benign RMs. In one of the 84 cases (1.2%), there was a complication of postinterventional abdominal pain.
Conclusion Percutaneous CEUS-guided biopsy is a safe procedure with a high diagnostic yield and a low complication rate.
The Potential Pharmacological Effects of Natural Product Withaferin A in Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges for Clinical Translation
Authors: Devabattula Geetanjali , Panda Biswajit , Yadav Rachana , Godugu Chandraiah 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTCancer is one of the biggest health concerns with a complex pathophysiology. Currently, available chemotherapeutic drugs are showing deleterious side effects, and tumors often show resistance to treatment. Hence, extensive research is required to develop new treatment strategies to fight against cancer. Natural resources from plants are at the forefront of hunting novel drugs to treat various types of cancers. Withaferin A (WA) is a naturally occurring withanolide, a biologically active component obtained from the plant Ashwagandha. Various in vitro and in vivo oncological studies have reported that Withaferin A (WA) has shown protection from cancer. WA shows its activity by inhibiting the growth and proliferation of malignant cells, apoptosis, and inhibiting angiogenesis, metastasis, and cancer stem cells (CSCs). In addition, WA also showed chemo- and radio-sensitizing properties. Besides the beneficiary pharmacological activities of WA, a few aspects like
pharmacokinetic properties, safety, and toxicity studies are still lacking, hindering this potent natural product from entering clinical development. In this review, we have summarized the various pharmacological mechanisms shown by WA in in vitro and in vivo cancer studies and the challenges that must be overcome for this potential natural productʼs clinical translation to be effective.
Management and Outcomes of Facial Nerve Hemangiomas: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Lesha Emal , Dugan John E. , Cecia Arba , Nichols C Stewart , Orr Taylor J. , Nezha Anxhela , Parikh Kara A. , Khan Nickalus R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives To conduct a systematic review of facial nerve hemangiomas (FNH), focusing on patient characteristics, management options, and treatment outcomes.
Design A systematic review was performed following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, utilizing PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases from inception to December 31, 2022.
Setting Literature sourced from various databases providing information on FNH cases.
Participants A total of 176 patients with FNH were included in the study, identified from 40 articles meeting inclusion criteria.
Main Outcome Measures Patient demographics, lesion characteristics, preoperative symptoms, surgical approaches, and postoperative outcomes, including House-Brackmann (HB) grades.
Results Among the 1,682 initially identified articles, 40 were included in the final review. From these, a total of 176 patients (mean age = 42.7 ± 12.8, 51.1% male) were included for analysis. Bivariate analysis showed that patients with longer preoperative symptom duration and facial nerve sacrifice had significantly greater postoperative HB Grades (p < 0.001). Additionally, a strong positive correlation was observed between pre- and postoperative HB Grades (Spearman's rho = 0.649). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that both facial nerve sacrifice (β = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38–1.34; p < 0.001) and greater preoperative HB Grades (β = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.20–0.53; p < 0.001) were associated with significantly greater postoperative HB Grades, but preoperative symptom duration did not persist as a significant predictor of postoperative HB Grades.
Conclusions FNHs are rare lesions of the skull base affecting the temporal bone. Our findings highlight the role of preoperative facial nerve function and intraoperative preservation of the facial nerve in predicting postoperative outcomes. Timely resection of lesions that prioritizes facial nerve preservation is critical to achieving optimal patient outcomes.
The white ring sign is useful for differentiating between fundic gland polyps and gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type
Authors: Takahashi Keitaro , Sasaki Takahiro , Ueno Nobuhiro , Maguchi Haruka , Tachibana Shion , Hayashi Ryunosuke , Kobayashi Yu , Sugiyama Yuya , Sakatani Aki , Ando Katsuyoshi , Kashima Shin , Moriichi Kentaro , Tanabe Hiroki , Harada Kazumichi , Yuzawa Sayaka , Ichihara Shin , Okumura Toshikatsu , Fujiya Mikihiro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (GA-FG) is characterized by an elevated lesion with vessel dilation exhibiting branching architecture (DVBA). However, this feature is also found in fundic gland polyps (FGPs), posing a challenge in their differentiation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of gastric elevated lesions with DVBA and assess the efficacy of the white ring sign (WRS) as a novel marker for distinguishing between FGPs and GA-FGs.
Methods We analyzed 159 gastric elevated lesions without DVBA and 51 gastric elevated lesions with DVBA, further dividing the latter into 39 in the WRS-positive group and 12 in the WRS-negative group. The clinicopathological features, diagnostic accuracy, and inter-rater reliability were analyzed.
Results Univariate and multivariate analyses for gastric elevated lesions with DVBA identified the histological type consistent with FGPs and GA-FGs, along with the presence of round pits in the background gastric mucosa, as independent predictors. FGPs were present in 92.3% (36/39) of the WRS-positive group and GA-FGs were observed in 50.0% (6/12) of the WRS-negative group. WRS positivity and negativity exhibited high diagnostic accuracy, with 100% sensitivity, 80.0% specificity, and 94.1% accuracy for FGPs, and 100% sensitivity, 86.7% specificity, and 88.2% accuracy for GA-FGs. Kappa values for WRS between experts and nonexperts were 0.891 and 0.841, respectively, indicating excellent agreement.
Conclusions WRS positivity and negativity demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy and inter-rater reliability for FGPs and GA-FGs, respectively, suggesting that WRS is a useful novel marker for distinguishing between FGPs and GA-FGs.
Systematic Review: Success Rate of Endoscopic Endonasal versus Combined Endonasal and Transorbital Neuroendoscopic Approach for Nontraumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repairs in the Lateral Recess of Sphenoid Sinus
Authors: Ahmed Umnia Nasir , Siddiqui Mohammed Saqlain , Iftikhar Haissan , Jolly Karan , Nieto Hannah , Muzaffar Jameel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks from the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus (LRS) occur due to a skull base defect and are important to treat due to the associated morbidity, e.g., life-threatening meningitis. Nontraumatic CSF leaks have a predilection toward obesity which is a rising phenomenon. LRS is notoriously difficult to access because of its lateral location and its associated neurovascular complications. An alternative surgical corridor has been explored which is the transorbital neuroendoscopic (TONES) approach.
Objective To compare the success rate of the endoscopic endonasal with the TONES approaches.
Rationale This is the first systematic review on the endoscopic endonasal and combined transorbital approaches to treat CSF leaks from the LRS.
Method A PRISMA-concordant systematic review. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS were searched. The studies underwent abstract and full-text screening by two reviewers. The data collected included patient demographic, surgical approach, reconstruction method, layers and materials, follow-up period, ROBINS-I bias, complications, and success rate.
Results In total, 26 of 4,385 studies were included for further synthesis. Of these studies, a total of 336 patients were identified from a cohort of 910 patients. The endoscopic endonasal approach showed a repair success rate of 95.24% and the combined TONES and endonasal approach showed a success rate of 100%.
Conclusion Both the endoscopic endonasal and transorbital approach provide a good success rate. However, due to the small TONES sample, large, randomized control trials are needed.
Conceptualising and measuring consumer perceptions of brand wastefulness
Authors: Gain Alexandria M. , Coote Leonard V. , Bonfrer André 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConsumers consider the wastefulness of brands and are predisposed to exhibit aversion to those perceived as wasteful. However, there is a lack of consensus on how consumers associate wastefulness with brands and how this impacts downstream consumer brand responses. Integrating conceptualisations in the literature with original consumers’ insights, we conceptualise consumer perceived brand wastefulness (CPBW) as a multidimensional construct comprising perceptions of (1) unnecessary consumption, (2) inefficient utilisation, and (3) tangible waste. A multi-phase scale development process validated a CPBW scale measuring each dimension. The scale distinguished between consumer perceptions of more vs less wasteful brands and demonstrated CPBW as conceptually distinct from perceptions of brands’ environmental friendliness and corporate social responsibility (CSR). CPBW was related to unfavourable consumer brand responses, including a reduced purchase likelihood, lower willingness to pay a price premium, negative self-conscious emotions, and lower perceptions of brand quality and credibility. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications and directions for future research.
Study on energy capture characteristics of piezoelectric stack energy harvester for railway track
Authors: Min Zhaowei , Sui Guangdong , Hou Chengwei , Zhang Xiaofan , Shan Xiaobiao , Xie Tao 
Published: April 2024

Railway traffic plays a pivotal role within the current transportation system, with ensuring its safety being of paramount importance. Real-time monitoring of train track health through sensor technology has emerged as a significant approach for achieving this objective. However, a persistent challenge lies in providing cost-effective and stable power to sensors in remote areas. This paper proposes the utilization of a novel piezoelectric stack energy harvester in railway systems to address this issue. The substantial and consistent vibration energy produced by railway operations makes it an ideal source for energy harvesting, unaffected by environmental conditions. Through simulation analysis and experimental verification, this study explores the impact of load size, load frequency, and external resistance on the energy harvesting efficiency of the proposed piezoelectric stack energy harvester. The results indicate that the output power of the energy harvester increases with the load size. Furthermore, the frequency significantly influences the energy capture efficiency when below 8 Hz, with minimal impact on frequencies above 8 Hz. Interestingly, the load dramatically affects the energy capture efficiency, even at higher frequencies. With the external resistance set to 250 kΩ, the harvester achieves a maximum output power of 42.76 mW.