bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moveable Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systems in the OR
Authors: Leblanc Pamela A. , Aubry Brenda , Gervin Marcia 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTRecently, the Seaman Family Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, unveiled leading technology with its moveable intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. The new system, which is housed in the OR, allows surgeons to use well‐established neurosurgical techniques and instrumentation with the convenience of moving the high‐resolution magnet in and out of the surgical field at any time. This mobility provides surgical team members with updated images that are vital to ensuring quality and determining the effect of surgery on brain structure and function. Based on experiences with the first 48 patients, this article describes the intraoperative MRI method and provides pertinent guidelines for safe perioperative care using this Innovative MRI system. AORN J 70 (Aug 1999) 254–267.
Automating the Supply Chain in the OR
Authors: Graham Jim , Brewer Martha S. , Theresa Byrd Valencia 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTAt the University of Louisville (Ky) Hospital, staff members from the materials management and surgery departments have worked together to automate the supply chain. The goals were to remove supply activities from clinical staff members whenever possible, obtain and apply information for better product ordering and use, reduce personnel in the materials management department, and improve perioperative nurses' ability to obtain supplies—all at a decreased cost to the facility. This article describes how, after implementing point‐of‐service technology for all surgical supplies, the facility realized a cost‐per‐procedure savings of 16% and increased satisfaction among staff members in both departments. AORN J 70 (Aug 1999) 268–276.
Emotional Quotient Management as a Dynamic Approach to Challenges
Authors: Clark Timothy 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTAs patient advocates, perioperative nurses must view all patients as individuals and meet every action and response with a commitment to providing individualized quality care. To do this, it is essential for perioperative nurses to overcome unproductive thought processes that can negatively affect their daily practice and how they view their jobs. This article explores an approach called Emotional Quotient Management, which uses six steps to teach people to overcome negative emotions, stay in control, and remain focused on success and happiness. AORN J 70 (Aug 1999) 277–282.
Osteochondral Autotransfer—Newer Treatment for Chondral Defects
Authors: Onstott Anne T. , Moczo Audrey , Harris N. Lindsay 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis is believed to be accelerated by full thickness defects of articular cartilage. This article describes emerging therapies, including mosaicplasty autologous (ie, the patient's own) graft and autologous chondrocyte implantation techniques. Patients with chondral defects caused by a variety of possible pathologies experience positive implications, including return to normal function and delaying the onset of osteoarthritis. AORN J 71 (April 2000) 843–851.
Clinical Practice Guidelines—An Organizational Effort
Authors: Beyea Suzanne C. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTIn response to the national trend toward developing clinical practice guidelines, AORN set out to create practice guidelines specific to perioperative nursing. In this effort, a designated group of individuals began defining and reviewing guidelines from other organizations and determining parameters for developing AORN's own patient‐focused, comprehensive, research‐based guidelines. Clinical practice guidelines now have been published in AORN's Standards, Recommended Practices, and Guidelines, and a template has been established to help other AORN members create and implement guidelines for clinical conditions, common procedures, or patient populations specific to perioperative nursing practice. AORN J 71 (April 2000) 852–858.
Effect of Compensation and Patient Scheduling on OR Labor Costs
Authors: Macario Alex , Dexter Franklin 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTTo determine whether to accept a contract to provide additional surgical cases, OR managers must determine the incremental costs of caring for the new patients. The expected profitability of the contract can be computed by subtracting the incremental costs from the revenue. For surgical procedures, the incremental costs of OR labor significantly depend on how employees are paid (eg, part‐time versus full‐time). If a surgical suite employs full‐time staff members, incremental labor costs also are affected by how the day and time of patients' cases are selected (eg, whether new cases are scheduled weeks in advance by the surgeon and the patient, or are performed on short notice based on the discretion of the surgical suite). This article explains how to estimate the incremental costs of staffing an OR for a case and discusses the use of internet‐based online exchanges to match demand for OR time for additional cases to available unused OR capacity in a variety of surgical suites. AORN J 71 (April 2000) 860–869.
Managing the New Generation
Authors: Dunn‐Cane Kathleen , Gonzalez Joan , Stewart Hildegarde 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTAs the Silent Generation quickly approaches retirement, and the Baby Boomer generation moves into management and supervisory roles, a new generation is entering the workforce. Generation Xers were born between 1965 and 1975, at a time when the country experienced high prices, wage inflation, stagnant consumer demands, and increased unemployment. Perhaps as a result, newcomers to today's workforce often have different characteristics, behavioral traits, and belief systems from their predecessors. To effectively supervise and motivate individuals from this unique generation, health care managers must begin by understanding the evolutions that have shaped each generation and influenced the workforce. In doing so, managers can create a thriving multigenerational work environment and embrace supervisory concepts that attract and motivate the new generation. AORN J 69 (May 1999) 930–940.
Prion Diseases—An Evidence‐based Protocol for Infection Control
Authors: Steelman Victoria M. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTPrion diseases are fatal, infectious, neurodegenerative disorders with special implications for infection control in the OR. The causative agent is highly resistant to disinfection and sterilization processes and has been transmitted during health care interactions. It is important to use evidence gained through research and case reports to minimize risk of infection. This article describes an infection control protocol developed for identifying high‐risk patients, providing perioperative care, decontaminating the OR, and protecting health care personnel. This protocol provides multidisciplinary team members with a guideline for preventing transmission of these fatal diseases. AORN J 69 (May 1999) 946–967.
Ethical Perception and Resulting Action in Perioperative Nurses
Authors: Schroeter Kathryn 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThis study examined whether perioperative nurses (n = 40) were able to perceive and identify selected ethical issues occurring within their practice setting. The nurses described ethical conflicts and identified factors influential to their ethical decision making. The issues reported were organized Into five categories: consent/advocacy, impaired provijer/potential for unsafe practice, misrepresentation by care provider, disrespect for patient and provider judgment/competency. The results of this study support that perioperattve nurses both perceive and identify specific ethical issues in the surgical environment. Analysis of their reported actions revealed that the most common methods used for ethical conflict resolution were reporting to the immediate supervisor or personally confronting those directly involved. AORNJ69 (May 1999) 991–1002.
Clinical Impact of Preoperative Respiratory Syncytial Virus Testing
Authors: Manworren R. , Conner C. , Myers M. , McCarthy K. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine if preoperative assessment (ie, physical examination and history review) of pediatric patients can predict positive test results for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, surgery cancellations, and adverse anesthetic outcomes. Approximately 400 pediatric patients were identified for the study from infection control statistics and classified by RSV test result and surgery cancellation status into three groups for analyses. Researchers analyzed retrospective chart data of preoperative histories and physical findings using one way analysis of variance to compare age among the groups and Fisher's exact test to compare patient characteristics and signs and symptoms of illness. The results show that active RSV infection cannot be predicted by history and physical findings alone. In addition, patients who had a history of pulmonary disease and who were wheezing at the time of their examinations were more likely to have their surgeries cancelled, independent of positive test results for RSV infection. AORN J 69 (May 1999) 1003–1013.
Issues Surrounding Xenotransplantation
Authors: Derenge Sara , Rossman Bartucci Marilyn 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTCurrently there is a shortage of cadaver organs that can be transplanted from one human being to another. In response to this shortage, scientists and medical researchers have developed techniques for transplanting animal organs into humans, a procedure known as xenotransplantation. This may address the shortage of organs for patients in need; however, it raises other concerns related to cross‐species disease transmission, consent issues, ethical issues of sacrificing animals for their organs, psychological issues of receiving organs from an animal, religious concerns, and economic factors. These medical, ethical, and philosophical issues need to be thoroughly addressed before xenotransplantation becomes a reality. AORN J 70 (Sept 1999) 428–432.
Etiology and Incidence of Pressure Ulcers in Surgical Patients
Authors: Schultz Alyce A. , Bien Maureen , Dumond Karen , Brown Kathleen , Myers Amanda 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThis experimental study was designed to identify the etiology of pressure ulcers in a surgical sample and to evaluate a special OR mattress overlay in preventing pressure ulcer development. Surgical patients (N = 413) were randomized to receive “usual perioperative care” or the new mattress overlay. Over six postoperative days, 89 patients (21.5%) developed pressure ulcers, primarily stage I. Only 2% developed stage II or IV ulcers. Patients with ulcers were statistically older, had diabetes, were smaller in body mass, had lower Braden Scale scores on admission, and used the new mattress overlay (P < .02). Pressure ulcers that presented as “burns” or ecchymosis did not deteriorate to stage III or IV ulcers during the study. The mattress overlay was not effective in preventing pressure ulcer development. AORN J 70 (Sept 1999) 434–449.
The RN First Assistant's Role in a Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Kaar Jody 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTLaparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most frequently performed laparoscopic procedures today and involves the same surgical principles as an open cholecystectomy, except that access to the abdomen is gained transabdominally using video laparoscopic techniques and instrumentation. Registered nurse first assistants (RNFAs) provide retraction and tissue exposure for the surgeon during this procedure and should be aware of safe laparoscopic surgical techniques and potential injuries that can occur from manipulation of surrounding structures. The experience and expertise of the RNFA when assisting in a laparoscopic cholecystectomy are key to the successful completion of the surgery. AORN J 70 (Sept 1999) 455–460.
Postlaryngospasm Pulmonary Edema in Adults
Authors: Baltimore Jane J. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTLaryngospasm is a potential serious complication of intubation. Pulmonary edema can develop after laryngospasm and can affect any patient who has been intubated. Postlaryngospasm pulmonary edema is potentially life threatening and can result in reintubation, mechanical ventilation, admission to an intensive care unit, and a prolonged hospitalization for the patient. Perioperative nurses play a significant role in the prompt detection, diagnosis, and treatment of this syndrome. AORN J 70 (Sept 1999) 468–479.
The Perioperative Nurse and the Organ Donation Experience
Authors: Lilly Kathleen T. , Langley Vernon L. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTMost OR nurses whether veteran or novice have had some exposure to organ donation; however, few are aware of what occurs outside of the surgical setting. This article provides an overview of the entire donation process, from the hours before the procedure to the steps needed for successful recovery. Particular attention is given to the care of the donor family members, both preoperatively and postrecovery. AORN J 69 (April 1999) 779–791.
Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Krug Penny 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe most common form of sleep apnea is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It is characterized by the cessation of nasal airflow with persistence of ventilatory effort, as shown by paradoxical chest and abdominal movement, and varying degrees of oxygen desaturation. This article describes current methods of diagnosing OSA and available treatment for OSA and snoring. AORN J 69 (April 1999) 792‐801.
Stomach Tumors and Gastric Surgery
Authors: Madick Susan S. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTMalignant and benign tumors of the stomach must be resected. Some can be removed endoscopically, but larger lesions must be removed via traditional surgical methods. This article provides an overview of malignant and benign stomach tumors and outlines the determination of diagnosis and the recommended treatment. It describes different types of gastric surgery and the RN first assistant's role in these procedures. A case study of a rare type of benign stomach tumor also is presented. AORN J 69 (April 1999) 824–832.
Critical Thinking's Role in Perioperative Patient Safety Outcomes
Authors: Reavis Catherine W. , Sandidge Jennifer , Bauer Kristen 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTDespite education, training, tools, and standards, patient safety issues continue to be of concern when it comes to perioperative care. The problem of intraoperative injuries, therefore, may lie in perioperative nurses' implementation of safety measures that require critical thinking. This qualitative study lends insight into the critical thinking or decision‐making processes of nurses who implement these perioperative safety measures. Findings from this data analysis have led to perioperative recommendations that may enhance patient safety outcomes.
Transfusion‐free Surgery is a Treatment Plan for All Patients
Authors: Trovarelli Tricia , Kahn Barbara , Vernon Sharon 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTDue to the increased risks associated with allogenic blood transfusion, blood management in surgical procedures, especially in orthopedic settings, should include reduction of perioperative blood loss. Preoperative nursing assessment will help define patients at increased risk for transfusion. Both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic techniques can help minimize allogenic transfusion by reducing blood loss. One such method of managing anemia and reducing patient exposure to allogenic transfusion is the perioperative use of recombinant human erythropoietin—erythropoietin alfa—an innovative surgical blood management tool. Increased awareness by perioperative nurses of the use of erythropoietin alfa and patient implications can contribute to the overall blood conservation goal. AORN J 68 (Nov 1998) 773‐784.
Anatomy and Physiology of the Kidney
Authors: Wallace Miriam A. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe kidneys are complex organs, and they are vital in maintaining normal body functions. A human being's survival depends, to a large degree, on the crucial functions and processes performed by the kidneys. The renal system affects all parts of the body by keeping body fluids in balance and other organ systems functioning normally. Renal and urologic disorders may strike anyone at any age and at any time. An estimated 20 million Americans are affected with renal disorders each year.AORN J68 (Nov 1998) 800‐820.
Staff perceptions of adolescent behaviour problems
Authors: Mathai John , Taylor Bill 
Published: August 2006

Staff in three residential units completed a 25 item behaviour problem questionnaire. From analysis of questionnaires a rank order of behaviours according to rated severity was made for each Unit. Comparisons of ranking were made between the Units and, from factor analysis, perceptions of these items of behaviour by staff in the three Units were studied.We were able to establish three hypotheses regarding the severity of problem behaviours and their perceptions by staff. We suggest that staff support has a major function in influencing them.
“A bucket of cold water”: a follow‐up study in a residential special school
Authors: Lampen John , Neill Tony 
Published: August 2006

This paper reports the initial findings of a follow‐up study of the 75 young men who were admitted in their early teens to a residential school for maladjusted boys over a five year period. Sixty were traced and interviewed in depth, using an approach based on methods established at the Institute of Psychiatry. A structured interview was used which covered the individual's recollections of family, peer experiences, schools and adult life, with a special section on the residential therapeutic environment. The data allowed an assessment of their overall psycho‐social adjustment. The preliminary analysis indicates that two‐thirds had no current problems of note, and that just under two‐fifths had had no history of problems since leaving. With only a few exceptions, the ex‐boys' evaluation of the school's regime was positive.“At Shotton Hall you were forced to face up to your problems in no uncertain way. It's like a bucket of cold water over your head—you're woken up immediately—and with me it worked. My problems melted away. Within the first two years what I would call the symptoms of my problems went. The root causes of my problems nobody ever knew, and nobody knows today as far as I know—I don't know. But I learnt at Shotton how to cope with myself and life in general. And that, I think, is what took my second two years there, to learn to live with myself and other people, to accept them. The last two years, I learnt what I expected the real world to be like—and grew a bit cynical about it.”
An out‐patient treatment programme for adolescent substance abusers
Authors: Birmingham Marina S. 
Published: August 2006

This treatment programme is based on the model of Developmental Habilitation being the essence of change for adolescent substance abusers. The practical operation of the programme involves: individual counselling; socialization group; recreational activities; group therapy; parent support group and family counselling. Where possible, it is based on experiental learning (whilst “straight”/“sober”) due to the belief that such learning has been forsaken, resulting in a developmental deficit. Therefore, expectations of clients' progress and achievements need to be realistic and related to functional age rather than chronological age.According to clients who have achieved the goal of “living the lifestyle they choose, without the need to use substances” the three most helpful provisions of the programme were: stability; consistency; and realism.
Psycho‐social aspects of youth unemployment: an interpretative theoretical model
Authors: Hendry L.B. , Raymond M.J. 
Published: August 2006

By utilizing representative samples of short‐term (n = 33), long term (n = 14) unemployed adolescents and YTS trainees (n = 49) in North‐East Scotland, the present study attempted to identify psycho‐social variables involved in the individual adolescent's ability to cope with unemployment. The research was built around a series of semi‐structured interviews with all subjects.Results suggested a variety of apparent contradictions—family support vs. parental pressure; informal community‐based education as helpful vs. school education as irrelevant; high aspirations as reinforcing or frustrating; peer groups as supportive or socially constraining; time structure as welcome or monotonous and restrictive; self‐esteem being sapped or maintained aggressively and defensively high.From the data a theoretical model is offered which attempts to resolve the paradoxes by interpreting the experience of unemployment for young people in terms of positive and negative “trade‐offs”.
Residential care of youth: convergent versus divergent thinkers
Authors: Evans John 
Published: August 2006

Effective residential care of disturbed adolescents depends on the treatment programmes being integrated. Readily achievable with defined illness, special difficulties exist when dealing with disturbed adolescents.For a unit to be successful an important function of its director is monitoring the therapeutic input so the recurring but inevitable conflicts of aims (e.g. encouraging independence of adolescents but maintaining control of unit functioning) do not render staff ineffective. Amongst the qualities required are a capacity to be at ease with divergent thinking.
Development of self‐perceived risk behaviour and psychosomatic symptoms in adolescents: a longitudinal approach
Authors: Choquet M. , Menke H. 
Published: August 2006

A cohort study on a sample of 327 high school students was carried out between 1983 and 1985. Health and behaviour problems were investigated. During adolescence psychosomatic, depressive and behavioural problems appear to be common. The majority of young people suffer at least one problem at 18 years of age. The type of problems are closely related to gender: among boys behavioural problems (BP), such as alcohol or drug consumption, tobacco smoking and violence, are important; among girls sleep disorders, headaches and depressive symptoms (PDS) are frequent.During adolescence sex differences become clearly established. Between 16 and 18 years of age the average number of behavioural problems rises from 0·5 to 1·5 for boys and remains stable (around 0·5) for girls. During the same period the PDS average rises from 1·6 to 2·0 for girls and remains stable (around 0·7) for boys.Even if there exists a correlation between BP and PDS (this correlation is higher in the early age than later on), one type of problem is always predominant, according to sex.BP as well as PDS are related to the intolerance of frustration. Authors conclude that these problems must be considered as the expression of the inability to metabolize or cope with the conflict.
Adolescents' mental health and the Greek family: Preventive aspects
Authors: Ierodiakonou C.S. 
Published: August 2006

Preventive mental health measures can be properly planned only if the various factors leading to the adolescent's personality structure are extensively investigated. Starting with the specific attitudes of a couple towards genetic counselling, the disadvantages of urbanization and of the dissolution of the traditional extended family are discussed with regard to their effect on the younger members. Data are produced concerning the child‐rearing practices of Greek in comparison to American parents and their effect on the adolescent's emotional life.Extreme dependence on the family, pressure for school achievements, lack of sexual education, etc. are characteristic of the stresses a Greek adolescent undergoes. Socio‐cultural conditions, like immigration, adoption, etc. are shown to have a different psychological effect on an adolescent in Greece than in America. Specific stresses regarding the adolescent's future, like preparing for university entrance examinations, are discussed and preventive measures are proposed.