bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of immunochemotherapy response for diffuse largeB‐cell lymphoma using artificial intelligence digital pathology
Authors: Lee Jeong Hoon , Song Ga‐Young , Lee Jonghyun , Kang Sae‐Ryung , Moon Kyoung Min , Choi Yoo‐Duk , Shen Jeanne , Noh Myung‐Giun , Yang Deok‐Hwan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous and prevalent subtype of aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma that poses diagnostic and prognostic challenges, particularly in predicting drug responsiveness. In this study, we used digital pathology and deep learning to predict responses to immunochemotherapy in patients with DLBCL. We retrospectively collected 251 slide images from 216 DLBCL patients treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R‐CHOP), with their immunochemotherapy response labels. The digital pathology images were processed using contrastive learning for feature extraction. A multi‐modal prediction model was developed by integrating clinical data and pathology image features. Knowledge distillation was employed to mitigate overfitting on gigapixel histopathology images to create a model that predicts responses based solely on pathology images. Based on the importance derived from the attention mechanism of the model, we extracted histological features that were considered key textures associated with drug responsiveness. The multi‐modal prediction model achieved an impressive area under the ROC curve of 0.856, demonstrating significant associations with clinical variables such as Ann Arbor stage, International Prognostic Index, and bulky disease. Survival analyses indicated their effectiveness in predicting relapse‐free survival. External validation using TCGA datasets supported the model's ability to predict survival differences. Additionally, pathology‐based predictions show promise as independent prognostic indicators. Histopathological analysis identified centroblastic and immunoblastic features to be associated with treatment response, aligning with previous morphological classifications and highlighting the objectivity and reproducibility of artificial intelligence‐based diagnosis. This study introduces a novel approach that combines digital pathology and clinical data to predict the response to immunochemotherapy in patients with DLBCL. This model shows great promise as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for clinical management of DLBCL. Further research and genomic data integration hold the potential to enhance its impact on clinical practice, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Non‐neurological factors associated with serum neurofilament levels in the United States population
Authors: Ramanathan Murali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo model interdependencies of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL), a clinically useful biomarker of axonal injury in neurological diseases, with demographic, anthropometric, physiological, and disease biomarkers in the United States population.MethodssNfL and 80 biomarkers were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 2071, age: 20–75 years). Body habitus and composition, electrolytes, blood cell, metabolic, liver, and kidney function biomarkers, and common diseases were assessed with weighted regression adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Salient biomarkers were modeled with ensemble learning; a Bayesian network structure was obtained for interdependencies.ResultsAge was strongly associated with sNfL. sNfL levels were 13% higher in men versus women. Mexican Americans had 18.5% lower sNfL versus Non‐Hispanic Whites. sNfL was similar in pregnant versus nonpregnant women. Lymphocyte, and neutrophil numbers, and phosphorus, and chloride levels were associated with sNfL. Multiple liver function (e.g., albumin and gamma‐glutamyltransferase), renal function (e.g., creatinine and urea), and carbohydrate/lipid metabolism markers (e.g., glucose and triglycerides) were associated with sNfL. A 50% greater creatinine was associated with 26.8% greater sNfL. Diabetes, kidney disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke were associated with sNfL. The ensemble learning algorithm predicted high sNfL outliers with 5.06%–9.16% test error. Bayesian network modeling indicated sNfL had neighbor dependencies with age, creatinine, albumin, and chloride.InterpretationsNfL is associated with age, kidney and liver function, diabetes, blood cell subsets, and electrolytes. sNfL may be a useful biomarker for biological age of the whole body and major organ systems including the brain.
Silk Sericin is a Potent, Multifunctional Biomaterial for Endothelialization of Tissue‐Engineered Heart Valves
Authors: Song Yu , Wang Huifang , Hu Chuting , Liu Jia , Qiao Weihua , Huang Lei , Dong Nianguo , Wang Lin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEndothelialization is important for offering an anticoagulant surface, which is crucial for the construction of tissue‐engineered heart valves. Silk sericin is extensively investigated in the biomedical field due to its remarkable biological activities and diverse functional groups, favoring chemical modifications for the formation of versatile constructs. Herein, a sericin covalently modified valve (SCMV) is successfully fabricated by coupling maleylated silk sericin (MSS) with thiolated decellularized heart valve (DHV) through a Michael addition reaction. The results demonstrate that SCMV exhibits a smooth surface, higher hydrophilicity, and excellent resistance to platelets adhesion compared to DHV. Additionally, SCMV promotes endothelial cells (ECs) adhesion under both static and flow conditions and enhances their survival in a mouse subcutaneous implant model. The study also discovered that MSS‐stimulated ECs exhibit increased RhoA activation, expression of rho‐associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) and phosphorylated myosin light chain 2 (MLC2), actin polymerization, and cell adhesion; whereas actin organization and cell adhesion are significantly reduced by treatment with Y‐27632, a ROCK inhibitor. Furthermore, several integrin subunits, including α1, α2, α3, α5, α6, β1, β3, and β5, are involved in this regulatory process. Collectively, the findings highlight the potential application of silk sericin in promoting endothelialization of DHV while uncovering novel mechanisms underlying its regulatory effect on ECs adhesion.
Niobium‐Doped Bismuth Titanate‐Loaded PVDF‐HFP Flexible Composite Films for Self‐Powered Stair Sensing and Emergency Alert Applications via Hybrid Mechanical Energy Harvesters
Authors: Manchi Punnarao , Paranjape Mandar Vasant , Graham Sontyana Adonijah , Kurakula Anand , Lee Jun Kyu , Kavarthapu Venkata Siva , Yu Jae Su 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the rise of demand for smart wearable and flexible electronic devices in the modern world, high‐performance hybrid mechanical energy harvesters (HMEHs), which can easily convert biomechanical energy into electricity for powering a variety of portable electronic gadgets and operating smart sensors, have gained extensive interest. Herein, propose piezo/ferroelectric and dielectric niobium (Nb)‐doped bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3‐xNbxO12, NBTO) plates, are proposed and synthesized by a molten‐salt synthesis technique, and they are further embedded into the poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (NBTO/PVDF‐HFP) flexible composite film (CF) to construct a flexible HMEH. The prepared NBTO/PVDF‐HFP CFs reveal good piezo/ferroelectricity, β‐phase fraction, and dielectric properties, which can improve the electrical output performance of the HMEH. The 2 wt.% NBTO/PVDF‐HFP CF‐based HMEH exhibits high and stable electrical performance of ≈175 V, ≈5.8 µA, ≈76 µC m−2, and ≈2.02 W m−2, respectively. Furthermore, the durability and mechanical robustness analysis of the HMEH is conducted for several days. The real‐time applications of the HMEH are demonstrated by harvesting the biomechanical energy obtained from daily human activities and powering various portable electronics. Also, the HMEH integrated with an Arduino microcontroller unit is employed as a smart sensor switch for implementing smart home/building stair‐sensing applications and sending emergency e‐mail alerts.
Reconstructing Inorganic‐Rich Interphases by Nonflammable Electrolytes for High‐Voltage and Low‐Temperature LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes
Authors: Fan Xin‐Yu , Liu Mengting , Chen Tian‐Lin , Hao Wenyu , Cao Zhigang , Jiang Nan , Liu Qiang , Feng Yi‐Hu , Qin Hao , Chen Si‐Fan , Liu Sufu , Ji Xiao , Xiao Yao , Chou Shulei , Wang Peng‐Fei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCobalt‐free and spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) cathodes commonly suffer from undesirable solvent decomposition, serious transition‐metal dissolution, and unstable cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layers, incurring rapid capacity decay at high voltages and low temperatures. Herein, these issues are well addressed by utilizing fluorinated solvents with a low coordination number and ethyl propionate with a low melting point. A Li2CO3/LiF‐rich heterostructured CEI layer, which possesses good electron blocking capability of LiF, fast Li+ transport kinetics of Li2CO3 and good mechanical stability, is generated by the synergistic decomposition of hybrid solvents. The robust, homogeneous, and well‐balanced CEI layers subsequently prevent catalyzed parasitic side reactions, prohibit transition‐metal dissolution, and ensure fast interfacial reaction kinetics crossover to the LNMO cathode, thus improving its cycling stability. Consequently, the LNMO cathode delivers a high‐capacity retention of 95.8% over 500 cycles at 25 °C and 97.5% after 180 cycles at −20 °C. This work provides an encouraging alternative to design the high‐voltage and low‐temperature electrolyte for pushing the ongoing research to stabilize Co‐free LNMO materials toward practical applications.
Fractal Growth of 2D NbSe2 for Broadband Nonlinear Optical Limiting
Authors: Wang Bolong , Ma Bo , Wang Ke , Zhang Huijie , Zhang Zeqi , Song Tao , Wang Shuyan , Chen Mingzhu , Li Shiji , Wang Qiang , Zhang Hao‐Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe compelling demand for laser protection both for civil and defense use calls for new‐generation nonlinear optical materials. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques provide extra tricks to modulate crystal optical nonlinearity through fractal growth. The synthesized 2D NbSe2 and its fractal structures exhibit giant, broadband laser attenuation behaviors extending into the near Infrared (NIR) range. Particularly, the optical limiting performance generally correlates with the fractal dimension, where Fractal NbSe2 demonstrates enhanced third‐order optical nonlinearity at a huge nonlinear absorption coefficient of 9.7 × 10−4 m W−1 and an ultralow starting threshold of 5 mJ cm−2 at 532 nm. Various techniques include femtosecond spectroscopy, Density functional theory (DFT) calculation and Kelvin probe force microscopy disclose the origin of the strong nonlinearity of the 2D NbSe2 crystals, and suggest the formation of edge states and overall faster carrier dynamics, larger surface contact potential difference NbSe2 fractals contribute to their even augmented nonlinear responses. Fractal engineering thus opens new avenues to fabricate highly efficient laser protection materials, and the blocking of intense beam (a large attenuation factor over 13.3 dB at 532 nm) while allowing transmission of weak one (a high linear optical transmittance over 80%) fulfills the much desired “smart” defense.
TSG6‐Exo@CS/GP Attenuates Endometrium Fibrosis by Inhibiting Macrophage Activation in a Murine IUA Model
Authors: Sun Huijun , Dong Jie , Fu Zhaoyue , Lu Xueyan , Chen Xutao , Lei Hui , Xiao Xifeng , Chen Shuqiang , Lu Jie , Su Danjie , Xiong Yujing , Fang Zheng , Mao Jiaqin , Chen Lihua , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntrauterine adhesion (IUA) is characterized by the formation of fibrous scar tissue within the uterine cavity, which significantly impacts female reproductive health and even leads to infertility. Unfortunately, severe cases of IUA currently lack effective treatments. This study presents a novel approach that utilizes tumor necrosis factor‐(TNF) stimulated gene 6 (TSG6)‐modified exosomes (Exos) in conjunction with an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel (CS/GP) to mitigate the occurrence of IUA by reducing endometrium fibrosis in a mouse IUA model. This study demonstrate that TSG6‐modified Exos effectively inhibits the activation of inflammatory M1‐like macrophages during the initial stages of inflammation and maintains the balance of macrophage phenotypes (M1/M2) during the repair phase. Moreover, TSG6 inhibits the interaction between macrophages and endometrial stromal fibroblasts, thereby preventing the activation of stromal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Furthermore, this research indicates that CS/GP facilitates the sustained release of TSG6‐modified Exos, leading to a significant reduction in both the manifestations of IUA and the extent of endometrium fibrosis. Collectively, through the successful construction of CS/GP loaded with TSG6‐modified Exos, a reduction in the occurrence and progression of IUA is achieved by mitigating endometrium fibrosis. Consequently, this approach holds promise for the treatment of IUA.
Overshoot‐Suppressed Memristor Crossbar Array with High Yield by AlOx Oxidation for Neuromorphic System
Authors: Kim Sungjoon , Park Kyungchul , Hong Kyungho , Kim Tae‐Hyeon , Park Jinwoo , Youn Sangwook , Kim Hyungjin , Choi Woo Young 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere is a need to design a hardware synapse array appropriate for enhancing the efficiency of neuromorphic computing systems while minimizing energy consumption. This study introduces a memristor device with an AlOx overshoot suppression layer (A‐OSL) to achieve a self‐compliance effect. By optimizing each cell within the 16 × 16 crossbar array, synaptic devices are successfully fabricated with reliable characteristics and 3‐bit multilevel capabilities. In addition, the oxygen composition of TiOx and the annealing conditions are optimized to reduce the forming voltage and minimize the variation in the switching voltage. As a result, stable forming‐free characteristics are obtained through A‐OSL insertion, a reduction in forming voltage, and TiOx oxygen composition optimization. Also, target weights are accurately transferred to the A‐OSL memristor crossbar array and conducted the inference process by applying spike signals to the array following the designated time step. The spiking neural network (SNN) is demonstrated by measuring vector‐matrix multiplication (VMM) of the 16 × 16 crossbar array. The VMM results exhibit a classification accuracy of 90.80% for the MNIST dataset, which is close to the accuracy achieved by software‐based approaches, amounting to 91.85%.
Biomechanical Finite Element Simulation of Cochlear Implant Surgical Robot Drilling Through Direct Cochlear Access
Authors: Yu Jie , Zhao Yang , Liu Hengjia , Xue Songbo , Qin Xiao , Tian Xu , Yu Hongjian , Feng Guodong , Gao Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRobotic drilling through direct cochlear access for cochlear implantation (CI) is currently a prominent area in the field of CI surgery. However, the safety of drilling remains an issue due to the limited space within the facial recess. Estimation and control of drilling force are critical to prevent drill‐bit breakthrough, excessive heat generation, and mechanical damage to the facial nerve. The bone drilling process presents a favorable application scenario for finite element (FE) analysis. In this study, a 3D FE model of temporal bone drilling is established for the first time to predict the drilling force. The self‐developed CI surgical robot validates these findings through experimental drilling. The experimental results show that the drilling process can be divided into three stages, and the corresponding force curve can be divided into six zones. The overall trend of temporal bone drilling is two force peaks and one trough in the middle. The drilling force is positively correlated with the feed rate. The FE results found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. Numerical simulation can be utilized as an invaluable tool for assisting in predicting the position of drilling tools and optimizing drilling parameters in the future.
Mgp High‐Expressing MSCs Orchestrate the Osteoimmune Microenvironment of Collagen/Nanohydroxyapatite‐Mediated Bone Regeneration
Authors: Wan Zhuqing , Bai Xiaoqiang , Wang Xin , Guo Xiaodong , Wang Xu , Zhai Mo , Fu Yang , Liu Yunsong , Zhang Ping , Zhang Xiao , Yang Ruili , Liu Yan , Lv Longwei , Zhou Yongsheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractActivating autologous stem cells after the implantation of biomaterials is an important process to initiate bone regeneration. Although several studies have demonstrated the mechanism of biomaterial‐mediated bone regeneration, a comprehensive single‐cell level transcriptomic map revealing the influence of biomaterials on regulating the temporal and spatial expression patterns of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is still lacking. Herein, the osteoimmune microenvironment is depicted around the classical collagen/nanohydroxyapatite‐based bone repair materials via combining analysis of single‐cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. A group of functional MSCs with high expression of matrix Gla protein (Mgp) is identified, which may serve as a pioneer subpopulation involved in bone repair. Remarkably, these Mgp high‐expressing MSCs (MgphiMSCs) exhibit efficient osteogenic differentiation potential and orchestrate the osteoimmune microenvironment around implanted biomaterials, rewiring the polarization and osteoclastic differentiation of macrophages through the Mdk/Lrp1 ligand–receptor pair. The inhibition of Mdk/Lrp1 activates the pro‐inflammatory programs of macrophages and osteoclastogenesis. Meanwhile, multiple immune‐cell subsets also exhibit close crosstalk between MgphiMSCs via the secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) signaling pathway. These cellular profiles and interactions characterized in this study can broaden the understanding of the functional MSC subpopulations at the early stage of biomaterial‐mediated bone regeneration and provide the basis for materials‐designed strategies that target osteoimmune modulation.
High‐Efficiency Iridium‐Yttrium Alloy Catalyst for Acidic Water Electrolysis
Authors: Xiong Xiaoxia , Tang Jialin , Ji Yuan , Xue Weiqing , Wang Haoyuan , Liu Chunxiao , Zeng Hongliang , Dai Yizhou , Peng Hong‐Jie , Zheng Tingting , Xia Chuan , Liu Xinyan , Jiang Qiu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis holds great promise in revolutionizing clean energy production by enabling the efficient generation of hydrogen. Nevertheless, a formidable challenge persists in the realm of designing electrocatalysts that are both highly active and acid‐resistant during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), thereby mitigating the substantial kinetic barrier. In this study, the facile synthesis of iridium‐yttrium (IrY) alloy nanocatalysts via a thermal shock method is introduced, which exhibits exceptional activity in the context of acidic water oxidation. Through the strategic incorporation of dispersed Y into the lattice of Ir metal, the IrY catalyst demonstrates a notably low overpotential of 255 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and showcases remarkable catalytic stability in acidic electrolytes, enduring for over 500 h with a high current density of 100 mA cm−2. Through a comprehensive set of in situ characterizations and analytical methods, the formation of a surface Ir‐based oxide layer, induced by deprotonation and electrochemical oxidation is unveiled, which is notably stabilized by the presence of Y dopants. This stabilization of the active site imparts enhanced resistance to over‐oxidation and dissolution, underpinning the exceptional stability of the catalyst. Theoretical calculations suggest that the incorporation of Y into the catalyst structure has a significant impact on enhancing the reactivity of the oxygen intermediate (O*) at adjacent Ir sites, thus lowering the overpotential and promoting OER activity. The alloying approach presents a straightforward method for achieving atomic‐level modifications in catalyst design and can pave the way for the development of more effective and economically viable OER catalysts and beyond.
A rare manifestation presenting as acute pancreatitis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Wang Han‐Yun , Wang Sheng‐Fu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an unusual disease with a 90% mortality rate without prompt management. The typical clinical manifestations include thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, neurological symptoms, fever, and renal impairment. However, recognizing TTP in its early stages is not always easy due to limited clinical experience and sometimes atypical presentation. We report a 44‐year‐old male who initially suffered from jaundice and skin purpura, followed by epigastric pain. Acute pancreatitis was first suspected after a computerized tomography (CT) scan in the local medical department, without a definite etiology. He was then transferred to our hospital for further investigation of hemolysis. Transient neurological symptoms occurred 1 week after transferring. TTP was later confirmed based on schistocytes noted in peripheral blood smear and ADAMTS‐13 activity = 0%. The patient was discharged successfully after prompt therapeutic plasma exchange and steroid treatment. We present the first case of TTP inducing acute pancreatitis in Asia and remind that acute pancreatitis is a possible cause of abdominal pain, although it's a rare manifestation of TTP.
Is self‐incompatibility a reproductive barrier for hybridization in a sympatric species?
Authors: Martínez‐Ramos Linda M. , Vázquez‐Santana Sonia , García‐Franco José , Mandujano María C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPremiseBarriers at different reproductive stages contribute to reproductive isolation. Self‐incompatibility (SI) systems that prevent self‐pollination could also act to control interspecific pollination and contribute to reproductive isolation, preventing hybridization. Here we evaluated whether SI contributes to reproductive isolation among four co‐occurring Opuntia species that flower at similar times and may hybridize with each other.MethodsWe assessed whether Opuntia cantabrigiensis, O. robusta, O. streptacantha, and O. tomentosa, were self‐compatible and formed hybrid seeds in five manipulation treatments to achieve self‐pollination, intraspecific cross‐pollination, open pollination (control), interspecific crosses or apomixis, then recorded flowering phenology and synchrony.ResultsAll species flowered in the spring with a degree of synchrony, so that two pairs of species were predisposed to interspecific pollination (O. cantabrigiensis with O. robusta, O. streptacantha with O. tomentosa). All species had distinct reproductive systems: Opuntia cantabrigiensis is self‐incompatible and did not produce hybrid seeds as an interspecific pollen recipient; O. robusta is a dioecious species, which formed a low proportion of hybrid seeds; O. streptacantha and O. tomentosa are self‐compatible and produced hybrid seeds.ConclusionsOpuntia cantabrigiensis had a strong pollen–pistil barrier, likely due to its self‐incompatibility. Opuntia robusta, the dioecious species, is an obligate outcrosser and probably partially lost its ability to prevent interspecific pollen germination. Given that the self‐compatible species can set hybrid seeds, we conclude that pollen–pistil interaction and high flowering synchrony represent weak barriers; whether reproductive isolation occurs later in their life cycle (e.g., germination or seedling survival) needs to be determined.