bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiology of Disopyramide in Man*
Authors: Ross D. , Vohra J. , Cole Penney , Hunt D. , Sloman G. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: The electrophysiological effects of an intravenous dose of disopyramide phosphate (2 mg per kg body weight) were studied in 17 patients. Studies were performed with the patients fasting, unpremedicated, and off all medication for three days. Blood samples for estimation of serum levels of disopyramide were collected in 15 of these patients. The effects of intravenous disopyramide were maximal at five minutes, less marked at 20 minutes, and largely gone by 30 minutes after administration of the drug. Sinus cycle length and corrected sinus node recovery time were shortened significantly. No index of atrioventricular nodal function was significantly changed. Both atrial and ventricular effective refractory periods were significantly prolonged. Further impairment of intraventricular conduction occurred in six patients with bundle branch block on electrocardiogram or prolonged HV interval. In one of two patients with Wolff‐Parkinson‐ White syndrome, the bypass effective refractory period was prolonged.These electrophysiological changes are similar to quinidine and quinidine like drugs. It is recommended that disopyramide should be used cautiously in patients with evidence of His Purkinje system disease since it may lead to higher degrees of intraventricular block.
Morphological and Functional Interrelationships of Bone Cells and Matrix
Authors: Vernon‐Roberts B. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: 1. Bone is unique in its combination of cells, matrix and mineral.2. It has a dual function in skeletal and mineral homeostasis.3. Cells which are functionally different act as coordinated units depending on a variety of signals which may be hormonal, ionic, mechanical and, possibly, electrical.4. The coordinated activity of the cells is brought about by their having an intimate structural interrelationship, by the probability of their being subject to the influence of factors contained within an extra‐cellular fluid circulating around all the cells underlying the mesenchymal cell envelope, and by the possibility that the osteoclasts and osteoblasts do not represent an end‐stage in differentiation.5. The understanding of the factors which normally control cellular differentiation and function may lead to methods of reversing bone loss, rectifying the effects of metabolic bone disease and promoting the healing of fractures.
Atheromatous Coronary Artery Ectasia*
Authors: Baron D. W. , Branson J. A. , Morgan J. J. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Of 431 consecutive patients who underwent coronary arteriography during the twelve month period ending December 1976, 23 (5%) had angiographically documented coronary artery ectasia. Of these only five had “pure” or isolated ectasia, whilst 18 had ectatic disease combined with coronary artery stenoses.Clinical findings that are significantly associated with ectasia are male predominance (96%), abnormal lipid patterns (64%), a positive family history of coronary artery disease (57%) and previous hypertension (50%). Anatomically, ectasia most often involved the right coronary artery (96%), then the circumflex artery (75%) and the left anterior descending artery (57%).Only seven (five with severe proximal stenoses) of the 28 patients had coronary artery bypass grafts. Care should be taken not to overdiagnose narrow segments between ectatic, dilated segments as being obstructions. Failure to appreciate this resulted in two patients with isolated coronary artery ectasia having bypass grafts performed with little relief of their symptoms.
Fetal, Maternal, and Intrapartum Factors and their Effects on Cord Serum Cholesterol and Triglyceride*
Authors: Boulton T. J. C. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: The effects of adverse maternal, fetal, and intrapartum factors on cord serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were studied retrospectively on a sample of 428 neonates comprising four subgroups: (1) 54 with isolated cord serum hypercholesterolaemia (HC); (2) eight with cord serum HC and hypertriglyceridaemia (HTg); (3) 70 with isolated cord HTg; and (4) 296 with normal cord serum TC and TG levels.Low birth weight babies (< 2500 g) had higher levels of cord TG (P < 0·001) and TC (P < 0·1) than normal weight babies, as did pre‐term (less than 37 weeks gestation) babies, P < 0·05 for TG, P < 0·001 for TC, and postmature (over 41 weeks gestation) babies, P < 0·01 for TG. The regression coefficient between gestational age and TC was‐0·20 (P < 0·001), and for TG‐0·13 (P < 0·02).Babies with low one and five‐minute apgar scores had higher means for TG (P< 0·001) with the coefficients of regression being 0·34 and 0·30, but no differences were present for TC. Those who had had signs of intrapartum distress, such as tachycardia and bradycardia, also had higher means for TG (P < 0·01), but their TC was lower than in the control group (P < 0 05).
Oral Pindolol in Acute Evolving Myocardial Infarction
Authors: O'Rourke M. F. , Baront D. , Washington H. , Sammel N. , Cheminant D. Le 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Oral pindolol in acute evolving myo‐cardial infarction. M. F. O'Rourke, D. Baron, H. Washington. N. Sammel and D. Le Cheminant, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1979, 9, pp. 408–411.Pindolol was administered orally (5 mg 8th‐hourly) to 30 patients 5–19 (mean = 9·0 hrs) hours after onset of acute myocardial infarction. There were no serious side effects during the acute phase of infarction, only one hospital death and two late deaths at follow‐up 2–82 (mean = 37 wks) weeks after hospital discharge. In contrast to healthy volunteers, patients with acute infarction had unpredictable absorption of pindolol from the gastrointestinal tract; this was attributable in part to concurrent administration of narcotic analgesics.
Maternal Immunosuppression and Cytomegalovirus Infection of the Fetus*,†
Authors: Hayes K. , Symington G. , Mackay I. R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Maternal immunosuppression and cytomegalovirus infection of the fetus. K. Hayes, G. Symington and I. R. Mackay, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1979. 9, pp. 430–433.Prenatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection associated with severe brain damage was detected in an infant whose mother had been treated with prednisolone and azathioprine for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serology showed that maternal CMV infection had been acquired at least four months before pregnancy. Screening for CMV infection in pregnant women receiving immunosuppressive drugs is recommended.
Benign Rheumatoid Nodules
Authors: Burry H. C. , Caughey D. E. , Palmer D. G. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Nine cases in which subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules were observed in the absence of any evidence of rheumatoid arthritis are recorded. In four of these cases, the nodules appeared during adolescence or adult life, a very rare phenomenon. Synovitis occurred in only one patient, after an interval of 15 years, but it did not persist and other features of rheumatoid arthritis were not present. The siting of the nodules in the sub‐cutaneous tissue, the absence of features suggestive of rheumatic fever, necrobiosis lipiodica or fungal infection, and lack of any history of trauma, together with the histological appearance, supported a diagnosis of rheumatoid nodules. In all cases, serological tests for rheumatoid factor were negative but in the only case investigated with immunofluorescent staining, IgG and IgM were demonstrated in the biopsy material.It is important to recognise the fact that these benign nodules do not necessarily indicate that the patient has rheumatoid arthritis, or will develop rheumatoid arthritis in the future. The possible relationship of such nodules to granuloma annulare is discussed.
An UnusuaS Case of Flaccid Paralysis of Both Lower Limbs Following Herpes Zoster
Authors: Chapman B. A. , Beaven D. W. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: A 57‐year‐old man with left T8–9 cutaneous Herpes Zoster lesions and subsequent development of flaccid paralysis of both lower limbs is reported.Viral studies strongly supported a diagnosis of Herpes Zoster. No other cause for the paralysis was found. The time interval between the cutaneous lesions and the motor weakness, the clinical course and good recovery suggest a causal relationship. The dermatomal and myotomal dissociation has been well‐documented on the ipsilateral side, but involvement of the contralateral side is rare. This would appear to be unusual in that there was bilateral weakness of “LMN type”.
Ocular Side Effects with 5‐Fluorouracil
Authors: Christophidis N. , Vajda F. J. E. , Lucas I. , Louis W. J. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: The concentrations of 5‐fluorouracil in tears and plasma were studied in eight patients receiving the drug for carcinoma of the colon. The drug was measured by a gas liquid chromatographic method and found to be present only in the tears of patients with excessive lacrimation.In three patients with watery eyes the peak concentration in tears (16–23.8 μg/ml) occurred 15 minutes after IV administration and this corresponded with the end of the distribution (α) phase in the plasma when the plasma levels ranged from 18–26 μg/ml. In five patients without eye symptoms the drug was undetectable in the lacrimal fluid even though they had similar plasma levels (15–25 μg/ml) of 5‐fluorouracil. The volumes of distribution and plasma clearance rates were similar in the two groups [being 0.2–0.52 (mean =0.33) 1/kg and 612–978 (mean = 850) mllmin respectively in patients with excessive lacrimation and 0.13–0.79 (mean = 0.36) 1/kg and 435–1138 (mean = 831) mllmin respectively in the five patients without symptoms.].It appears that 5‐fluorouracil produces irritation of the lacrimal apparatus in about 30% of patients on the drug and in association with this appears in the tears where it may be responsible for the reported irritation and fibrosis of the tear duct.
An Assessment of the Clinical Use of Glyceryl Trinitrate in a Hospital Outpatient Population*
Authors: Maclean F. K. , Hunt D. , Marty J. J. , Slornan J. G. , Shaw J. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: An assessment of the clinical use of glyceryl trinitrate in a hospital outpatient population.F. K. Maclean, D. Hunt, J. J. Marty, J. G. Sloman and J. Shaw, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 12–14.Despite the availability of information on the use of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in standard texts, in practice many patients fail to obtain maximum benefit from GTN. This study of an Outpatient population, documents the patients' knowledge of the use and precautions which should apply to GTN and records the ways in which these patients took the drug. Fifty patients who regularly took GTN (>5 tablets per week} were asked a series of questions by the same interviewer. Forty‐nine of the 50 patients took GTN for the relief of chest pain, but only 34 patients knew that the drug could be used to prevent chest pain. Although 48 patients kept their bulk supply of GTN in the original container, over 40% transferred some or all of the tablets to other containers and locations. Seventy per cent of patients knew that GTN tablets deteriorate with time. However, knowledge of the factors which influence the rate of deterioration was lacking. Less than half the patients knew that the prompt relief of pain or the local effects on the buccal mucosa could be used as simple tests of the activity of tablets. It is recommended that all physicians should take more time to explain to their patients how to use glyceryl trinitrate correctly.
Acute lntrahospital Stroke Mortality—An Improving Picture
Authors: Byrne E. , Tiltman R. C. B. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Acute intrahospital stroke mortality—an improving picture. E. Byrne and R. C. B. Tilt man, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 21–24.Case fatality ratios for the stroke syndrome are reported for patients admitted to two South Australian Teaching Hospitals during the period 1968–77. A fall in intra hospital acute phase stroke mortality was seen from 28.1 % of stroke admissions in 1968–69 to 18.3% in 1976–77. Male stroke mortality rate fell from 28.1% to 17.0% and female mortality rate from 28.4% to 19.9% over this period. Changes in admission criteria and in duration of hospitalization do not appear to account for this improvement in mortality figures. The age distribution of the total inpatient stroke population did not change significantly over this period. An increase in all hospital admissions of 46% over the period was paralleled in the stroke subgroup 15.5%. No improvement in therapeutic methods over the period in question appears to fully account for the improvement in mortality figures and it is inferred that these figures indicate an overall decrease in stroke severity on presentation.
Immunological Status May Predict Clinical Outcome in BCG Treated Melanoma
Authors: Reynolds P. M. , Grimsley G. , Dawkins R. L. , Byrne M. J. , Zilko P. J. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Immunological status may predict clinical outcome in BCG treated melanoma. P. M. Reynolds. G. Grimsley. R. L. Dawkins, M. J. Byrne and P. J. Zilko. Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 39–43.Twenty‐seven patients with surgically reseated stage Il or III malignant melanoma were treated with bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) and followed prospectively to determine whether relapse could be predicted. Peripheral blood mononuclear (lymphocyte plus monocyte) counts (PBM), T and B cell counts, phyto‐haemagglutinin (PHA) cytotoxicity, PHA transformation, antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and serum immunoglobulin concentrations were studied before and during therapy. Patients ultimately classified as having a poor clinical outcome (inoperable recurrence) were compared with those with a more favourable outcome. Prior to therapy, poor outcome patients had lower PBM and T cell counts but there was some overlap. After three months, these differences were more pronounced. Low PHA cytotoxicity was also associated with poor outcome; again the differences were more apparent at 3 months than prior to therapy.These results suggest that PBM, T cell counts and PHA cytotoxicity may predict poor outcome some months before inoperable recurrence is apparent clinically
Thyrotrophin Displacement Activity of Serum Immunoglobulins in Health and Disease
Authors: Croxson M. S. , Lim T. M. T. , Graham F. M. , Ibbertson H. K. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Thyrotrophin displacement activity of serum immunoglobulins in health and disease. M. S. Croxson, T. M. T. Lim, F. M. Graham and H. K. Ibbertson, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 151–156.A radioreceptor assay for TSH displacement activity (TDA) was employed as an index of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIg) in serum from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. TDA was > 20 in normal subjects (37/37), patients without thyroid disease (36/38), non‐toxic goitre (18/19) and toxic nodular goitre (16/17) and was significantly lower in Nepalese subjects with severe endemic goitre. TDA was > 20 in 84% of patients with untreated hyperthyroid Graves' disease (70/83), in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (3/17) and following subtotal thyroidectomy (8/14) or 131I therapy (7/11), but was ≤ 20 in euthyroid patients treated with carbimazole (58/59) and during spontaneous remission (18/19). Serial TDA measurements during antithyroid drug therapy suggested that carbimazole has a direct effect in reducing TS/g concentration but that TDA is not a useful prognostic indicator of short term relapse or remission
Angiocardiography and Exercise Testing at One Month After a First Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sammel N. L. , Wilson R. L. , Norris R. M. , Brandt P. W. T. , Stuckey J. G. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Angiocardiography and exercise testing at one month after a first myocardial infarction. N. L. Sammel R. L. Wilson, R. M. Norris P. W. T. Brandt and J. G. Stuckey Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980 10, pp. 182–187The results of exercise testing (77 patients), left ventriculography and coronary arteriography (78 patients) are presented for men under the age of 60, one month after a first myocardial infarct. Cineangiocardiography revealed that patients with anterior infarction (n = 25) had both poorer left ventricular function and more totally occluded vessels than those with either inferior (n = 33) or subendocardial infarction (n = 20). In contrast, patients with inferior and subendocardial infarction had a greater proportion of myocardium supplied by sub‐total lesions likely to be haemodynamically significant (75%‐99% cross sectional area loss). Subendocardial infarction was also characterised by the best left ventricular function and the fewest number of total coronary occlusionsStress testing showed that the combination of ischaemic ST segment changes and angina during exercise was 91% predictive of severe coronary disease (equivalent to triple vessel disease) while no angina in the presence of a negative test was 81% predictive of mild or moderate disease. Stenoses of 75%‐99% cross sectional area loss were more common when angina occurred during exercise testing, and both angina and ischaemic ST segment changes occurred within ten minutes in all four patients with haemodynamically significant left main coronary artery lesionsOur data supports the usefulness of exercise testing after a first myocardial infarct and may provide valuable baseline information in the analysis of long term prognosis
Growth of Australian Aboriginal Children Related to Social Circumstances
Authors: Cockington R. A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Growth of Australian Aboriginal children related to social circumstances, R. A. Cockington, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 199–208.Surveys were conducted of the growth of Aboriginal children in three South Australian communities of differing social circumstances. Significant differences were found between the three groups' growth parameters, with better growth paralleling improvement in living conditions. Normal growth occurred in Aboriginal children who came from similar environments to Caucasian children and comparison with the latter group revealed no significant differences in growth, The relationship held when studied over time
Radiation Pneumonia Complicating Adjuvant Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
Authors: Manoharan A. , Schonell M. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Radiation pneumonia complicating adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy. A. Manoharan and M. Schonell, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 218–220.A patient with Hodgkin's disease developed acute radiation pneumonia four months after completion of mantle radiotherapy and during cyclical adjuvant chemotherapy, Respiratory function tests were useful in the diagnosis of the interstitial abnormality and in monitoring response to prednisone. Serial respiratory function tests in patients receiving bimodal therapy may facilitate early diagnosis of this potentially serious complication.
Failure of Oral Versus Parenteral Corticosteroids in a Case of Acute Inflammatory Polyradiculoneuropathy (GuiIlain‐Barré Syndrome)
Authors: Brumback R. A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Failure of oral versus parenteral corticosteroids in a case of acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain‐Barré syndrome). R. A. Brumback, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980. 10, pp. 224–226.A case of acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy (IPN, Guillain‐Barré syndrome) not responding to oral corticosteroids but showing marked improvement on parenteral corticosteroids is reported. Oral prednisone 60 mg/day was begun on hospital admission and increased after one week to 100 mg/day; however, the patient's respiratory function, demonstrated by forced vital capacity, continued to deteriorate. lmprovement was noted when the patient was switched to intravenous methyl‐prednisolone 100 mglday. Further attempts to use oral corticosteroids (including oral methyl‐prednisolone 96 mg/day) resulted in deterioration of the patient's function
MyocardiaI Infarction, PapiIIary MuscIe Dysfunction and Mitral Valvular incompetence in Systemic Lupus Erythaematosus
Authors: Bignold L. P. , Bailey I. K. , Kronenberg H. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Myocardial infarction, papillary muscle dysfunction and mitral valvular incompetence in systemic lupus erthaematosus. L. P. Bignold, I. K. Bailey and H. Kronenberg, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 236–239.A fatal case of systemic lupus erythaematosus complicated by myocardial infarction, papillary muscle dysfunction and mitral incompetence seven months before death is reported. Necropsy examination of the heart revealed that the infarct was due to multiple occlusive thrombi in epicardial branches of the corresponding coronary artery. No evidence of atherosclerosis or previous coronary arteritis was present
Hirsutism: Pathogenesis and Treatment
Authors: Casey J. H. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Hirsutism: pathogenesis and treatment. J. H. Casey, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp 240–245.When hirsutism is recognised as an endocrinopathy, a rational approach to treatment can be devised. In simple hirsutism, the ovaries are the most likely source of excess androgen production: and demonstrate a wide range of pathology. The adrenal cortex is sometimes of prime importance but is more frequently a contributor of androgen precursors. Long term hormonal suppressive treatment will successfully control hirsutism in the majority. Anti‐androgens constitute a potential treatment for future years: physical methods of depilation remain as useful adjuncts to medical therapy
Diffuse Fasciitis with Eosinophilia
Authors: Barraclough D. , Begg M. W. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: In 1974 Shulman1 described two patients who had a scleroderma‐like thickening of the skin in association with eosinophilia. Biopsies revealed striking thickening of the fascia between the subcutaneous tissue and muscle, with intense infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes. There was no evidence of myositis or of the visceral manifestations of systemic sclerosis.Reports of similar patients2–15 have since appeared; we report a further patient thought to have this condition.
Appraisal of Factors Influencing the Normal Sinus Node Recovery Time*
Authors: Tonkin A. M. , Tornos P. , Rapp H. , Heddle W. F. , Helfgott A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: The normal period of depression of sinoatrial node automaticity (sinus node recovery time, SNRT) following one minute of overdrive right atrial pacing was evaluated in 34 subjects, aged 27–83 years. Specific attention was paid to the influence of the patient's heart rate, atrial pacing rate (100 and 130 bpm) and site, and of vagal and sympathetic effects, as assessed by observations following the administration of atropine, 0 03 mg/kg, and propranolol, 0.15 mg/kg.Normal SNRT was 1046±17 ms at 100 bpm and 980±19 ms at 130 bpm. Linear regression analysis showed that at pacing rates of both 100 and 130 bpm, both before and after autonomic block, a highly significant relation existed between SNRT and the stable P‐P interval observed after cessation of pacing. These regression equations were used to develop a correction factor for cycle length in assessing SNRT (corrected SNRT = SNRT—0·86 X cycle length, where 0.86 was the slope of the regression equation). The mean corrected SNRT was 314±10 ms and 290±8 ms at 100 and 130 bpm, respectively. Vagal influences increased SNRT and were of greater magnitude than the decrease in SNRT due to sympathetic effects. Corrected SNRT was significantly longer following left atrial than following right atrial pacing, but in those eight patients studied, was not significantly different following right atrial or right ventricular stimulation.