bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimum salinity brine and surfactant interaction with crude oil and carbonated rock at fluid–fluid and rock‐fluid interfaces: Evaluating ion‐specific effects on the system
Authors: Maghsoudlou Mohammad , Moghadasi Jamshid 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe smart water injection (SWI) method is derived from low salinity water flooding, which aims to increase oil production. The complexity and heterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs require further investigation. Understanding the active mechanisms during SWI is crucial for designing the injected water composition to enhance the efficiency of the method. However, there is a research gap regarding the dominant factors that influence the performance of SWI, particularly both the ‘fluid–fluid’ and ‘rock–fluid’ interactions, simultaneously. To address this issue, the article through new insight into ions, solutions, and tests tries to enhance the precision of the obtained results by optimizing the solutions by changing the potential determining ions (PDI) in fixed ionic strength through contact angle measurements. Furthermore, by using a cationic surfactant, which has not been previously used in low‐salinity water flooding experiments, surfactant‐free solutions, and proper tests for each mechanism, including Zeta potential, pH measurements, interfacial tension, vial test, high‐resolution microscopy, and Karl Fischer titration, interactions on fluid–fluid and rock‐fluid interfaces were tested and investigated. The results were validated through core flood tests. The study found that coordination was observed between multivalent ion exchange and water in oil micro‐dispersion, which are two current mechanisms in both micro‐ and macro‐scale media. In surfactant‐free solutions, the effect of ions was discerned in the order of SO42−, Mg2+, and Ca2+. The formation of micro‐emulsions and the IFT reduction by ionic pairs of surfactants significantly increased oil recovery by up to 65%. The effective ions facilitating this performance were ranked as follows: SO42− > Ca2+ > Mg2+.
GRU‐based stacked sparse autoencoder with attention mechanism for process monitoring
Authors: Miao Zengdi , Wu Ping , Wu Zhenquan , Jia Xiangjun , Xu Hui , Jiang Jian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTo ensure the operation safety of industrial processes, process monitoring techniques have been receiving considerably increasing attention from both academia and industry. The advent of deep learning has revolutionized data‐driven process monitoring by effectively dealing with the inherent nonlinearity of industrial processes. In this work, a gated recurrent unit‐based stacked sparse autoencoder with attention mechanism (GRU‐SSAE‐AM) model is developed for process monitoring. This model leverages the power of recurrent neural networks in conjunction with the sparse stacked autoencoder to tackle the temporal and nonlinear features present in process data. To enhance the model's ability to distill critical information indicative of process status, an attention mechanism is naturally integrated within the encoder–decoder framework. Experiments on an industrial benchmark of Tennessee Eastman process (TEP) and a real blast furnace ironmaking process (BFIP) are carried out to verify the capability and effectiveness of the proposed GRU‐SSAE‐AM based process monitoring method by comparison with other related methods.
Exploring Ethnic Cosmopolitanism as a Catalyst for Sustainable Peacebuilding in Northern Ghana
Authors: Tseer Tobias , Kuusaana Elias Danyi , Iddrisu Suale 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMany scholars often refer to the instrumentality of cosmopolitan values and ideals in fostering inclusivity across societies of the world. Yet relatively little academic attention has been given to exploring how cosmopolitan ideals could be leveraged as a tool for sustainable peacebuilding in multicultural and multi‐ethnic communities. This study aimed to address this gap by connecting cosmopolitanism, ethnic pluralism, ethnic conflict and sustainable peace. The study explored the perceptions of ethnicity and their dynamics in conflict escalation and sophistication in Northern Ghana with focus on the Kusaasi‐Mamprusi conflict in Bawku Traditional Area. The purpose is to propose a pathway towards the gradual removal of ethnic boundaries for the emergence of a cosmopolitan ethnic identity—a liberalized identity that integrates values, norms and traditions of all cultural groups in a community. The research adopted a qualitative approach using interviews and focus group discussions to gather data from 50 purposively sampled participants belonging to the Kusaasi, Mamprusi, Mossi, Busanga, and Hausa ethnic societies. The study found that ethnic divisions worsened the conflict dynamics in Bawku. While participants recognized the need for a peaceful coexistence, dual claims to ancestral lands created an indigene‐settler dichotomy making peacebuilding efforts much more difficult. The study argues that the development of a cosmopolitan ethnic society that integrates all the core values of the discerned ethnic societies in Bawku holds the potential to de‐escalate conflicts and promote peaceful coexistence. Public sensitization, education, and awareness programmes are recommended to promote tolerance, respect, and appreciation for unity in diversity.
Impact of Grid‐Side Converter Filter on the Small‐Signal Stability of a Grid‐Connected DFIG‐Based Wind‐Driven System
Authors: Nirala Pritam Kumar , Bhushan Ravi , Jagtap Kushal M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe incorporation of doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) into wind‐driven systems (WDS) has become increasingly significant because of their efficient and adaptable power generation capabilities. The proposed system consists of a wind turbine (WT), wind generator, rotor‐side converter (RSC), grid‐side converter (GSC), grid‐side filter (GSF), and a line network. The GSF can have a significant impact on the performance and small signal stability (SSS) of grid‐connected DFIG‐based wind‐driven systems (WDS). This work offers a comprehensive SSS analysis of the proposed system, incorporating GSF dynamics into the modeling process. This study connects the DFIG‐based WDS with a single‐machine infinite bus (SMIB) test system and uses an in‐depth simulation approach to evaluate the effect of the voltage and current dynamics of the grid‐side LCL (inductor‐capacitor‐inductor) filter on SSS under different operating conditions. The analysis employs eigenvalue and participation factor techniques to examine how GSF dynamics influence the SSS of the system. Further, the dynamic behavior of rotor speed, electrical torque, DC‐link voltage, and voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) is investigated in response to various step disturbances in wind speed and infinite bus voltage. The proposed model enhances the system's dynamic performance and improves the current and power quality of the DFIG by reducing total harmonic distortion (THD). All the simulation studies were conducted in a MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Finally, the simulation results were validated for real‐time applications through real‐time control simulations on the OPAL‐RT platform. This study offers valuable insights into the dynamics of GSFs in DFIG‐based WDS, providing practical recommendations for improving system performance and grid integration.
Environmental DNA supports importance of heterogeneous pond landscapes for arthropod diversity conservation
Authors: Zizka Vera , Schwesig Katharina , Engel Nele , Hölzel Norbert , Scherber Christoph 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFreshwater ponds host diverse arthropod communities, but conservation frameworks are scarce. Heterogeneous pond mosaics of various sizes and successional stages can develop during raw material extraction in mining sites, acting as refugia for a variety of species. Here, we investigate arthropod diversity and conservation status across lakes and ponds in mining sites; analyze how water body size, age, and vegetation cover affect diversity patterns; and discuss how results can contribute to management actions and conservation schemes. Using environmental DNA metabarcoding, we determine arthropod diversity at 55 pond and lake plots located in active mining sites in Germany. We assess the effect of structural parameters on arthropod species richness, beta diversity, and the occurrence of rare and endangered species. Overall, we detected 436 arthropod species, many of which lacking a threat status evaluation, potentially hampering analyses of conservation aspects. We identify different effects of structural variables on species richness and beta diversity, and variable responses at the order level. Further, results reveal comparable diversity of accumulated pond network area, compared with single large water bodies of similar size, supporting high importance of heterogeneous pond networks for arthropod diversity conservation. Our study shows that systematic biodiversity management concepts both during active mining and at later stages of succession will be needed. Monitoring should go beyond just measuring taxonomic richness, including also assessments of community composition, the presence of rare and endangered taxa, and functional diversity.
Mannitol‐Based CO Surrogate for Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation
Authors: Liu Zhen‐Wei , Yang Hefei , Bao Zhi‐Peng , Zhang Jiajun , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCarbonylative transformation is already been accepted as a powerful toolbox in synthetic chemistry. However, the manipulation of toxic and smell‐less carbon monoxide gas lagged it from wide range applications. Hence the developing of new and efficient CO surrogates become an attractive topic. Herein, we developed a novel mannitol‐based carbon monoxide surrogate with an enhanced carbon monoxide loading capacity compared to known organic carbon monoxide surrogates. We successfully used it in the palladium‐catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of aryl bromides with phenols only 0.5 equivalent of it required. This newly designed carbon monoxide surrogate offers additional possibility for further development in CO chemistry.
Exploring Political Polarization Between Opponents and Supporters of Ruling Parties Following the 2019 Lebanese Uprising
Authors: Al‐Amine Mortada , Saab Rim , Harb Charles , Majed Rima 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe 17 October 2019 uprising in Lebanon marked a pivotal period of economic crisis and discontent with the ruling elite. We examined social cohesion post‐uprising by exploring political polarization between “anti‐ruling parties” citizens and “partisan/unaligned” citizens, in two surveys with a community sample (Study 1, N = 357) and a nationally representative sample (Study 2, N = 1200). Across both studies, “anti‐ruling parties” respondents exhibited lower institutional trust, lower sectarianism, and greater support for a secular system compared to “partisan/unaligned” citizens. Conversely, no differences emerged surrounding economic discontent. Importantly, disenchantment with the status quo emerged across political lines. (De)mobilization tendencies varied. In Study 1 (2020), with lingering revolutionary hope, “anti‐ruling parties” respondents showed stronger system‐challenging collective action orientations. In Study 2 (2022), amid counter‐revolutionary gains, disenchantment with October 17 groups emerged, with “anti‐ruling parties” respondents showing lower voting intention, greater migration tendencies, and less readiness to use arms.
Localization Detection of False Data Injection Attacks in Novel Energy and Power Systems Based on Correlated Feature‐Multi‐Label Cascading Boosted Forests
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Tong , Geng Hongbi , Liu Yang , Chen Jian , Zhao Hongwei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUnder the dual influence of power system transition to integrated energy and the evolution of cyberattack technology, a correlation feature‐multilabel cascade boosted forest based false data injection attack localization and detection method is proposed for the new energy power system to accurately locate the attacked position of the power grid in response to the stealthy false data injection attack (FDIA). Considering the FDIA principle and characteristics of the new energy power system, as well as the fact that the new energy power system contains a large amount of measurement data and variable operation states, the proposed method enhances the fitting ability of multi‐label cascade forests to complex power measurement data by incorporating the extreme gradient boosting algorithm to identify the anomalies of state quantities of each node of the system, and introduces the “correlation feature” algorithm to detect the original power measurement data. The “correlation feature” algorithm is introduced to extract highly informative features from the original power measurement data to enhance the generalization ability of the multi‐label cascade forest, so as to obtain more accurate localization detection. Simulation tests are conducted in the IEEE‐57 node system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and compared with other methods, the proposed method has better accuracy, detection rate, sensitivity, and F1 score.
Effects of unsteady characteristics of sediment‐laden overland flow on soil detachment rate
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Zhang Kuandi , Wang Pengfei , Yan Jingxin , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCurrently, experimental research is lacking on unsteady flow in the study of factors affecting the detachment capacity (Dr) of overland flow, which is critical for understanding soil erosion. This study analysed the response mechanism of Dr to the hydrodynamic characteristics of roll waves relative to a non‐unstable sediment‐laden overland flow (according to a gradually varied flow) using an indoor fixed bed test under five slope gradients, five flow rates and five sediment concentrations. Owing to the instability of the roll wave and its effect on the soil detachment‐transport process, the Dr of the roll wave flow was larger than that of the gradually varied flow as a whole. Dr decreases with an increase in sediment content, but the downward trend is different with or without a roll wave; the Dr is more sensitive to changes in the slope when a roll wave exists. When no roll wave exists, the flow has a greater influence on the Dr. Sediment load improves the influence of flow on Dr under different flow conditions; under different experimental conditions, the flow velocity and water depth are positively correlated with the Dr. The specific energy can better fit Dr with roll waves, and the stream power can better predict the Dr under the two water flow conditions; by introducing the relative parameters, it was found that the detachment effect of the roll wave will decrease with the increase of the influence of the wave‐current; the soil detachment prediction model of stream power and sediment concentration was constructed by introducing fluctuation influence parameters δ (represented by relative wave height), which has high reliability (R2 > 0.8, NSE > 0.7). The results showed that the effects of the altered flow state and sediment load significantly affected the hydrodynamic characteristics of the overland flow and the soil detachment rate.
Measuring the Swimming Skills of Adults Attending Swimming Lessons in Australia as a Drowning Prevention Measure
Authors: Willcox‐Pidgeon Stacey , Leggat Peter A. , Devine Susan , Franklin Richard C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionSwimming and water safety skills are essential for reducing drowning. Swimming and water safety programs primarily focus on children, despite adults accounting for over 80% of fatal drowning in Australia. This study aims to identify types of adult swimming programs in Australia, who attends these programs, and measure their swimming skill achievement against national benchmarks.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study of adults attending swimming programs between 2018 and 2021 was conducted. Participant assessment records were analysed against the [Australian] National Swimming and Water Safety Framework and national benchmarks to be achieved by 6 and 12 years old. Descriptive statistics and Chi‐square analysis were undertaken.ResultsOf 4914 adults attending swimming lessons, 44% were female, median age was 38 years, and 40% were from high socioeconomic areas. On average, adults attended nine lessons, averaging 4.5 h in the water. At their final assessment, 69% could swim at least 5 m (6‐year‐old benchmark), and 8% could swim 50 m continuously (12‐year‐old benchmark).ConclusionsAdults of all ages are learning to swim; however, only 8% are achieving the 12‐year‐old benchmark of swimming 50 m. An equity issue exists, with adults from lower socioeconomic areas and men less likely to be attending swimming programs. Developing and maintaining water safety skills throughout the lifespan is vital for reducing drowning risk among adults.So What?Adults are spending time, money and effort learning to swim, however, more is needed to ensure that participants stay in lessons long enough to develop the necessary skills needed to be safe in the water.
Using Practice Employment Tests in Recruitment and Selection to Equalize Preparation Opportunities
Authors: Campion Emily D. , Campion Michael A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHuman resources (HR) managers struggle to manage the adverse impact‐validity tradeoff where some of the most predictive and affordable hiring procedures, such as mental ability tests, often result in lower hiring rates for racioethnic minority subgroups of candidates, thus creating legal risks due to anti‐discrimination laws. In this study, we examine whether employer‐sponsored practice testing will reduce subgroup differences in test performance by offering an equalizing preparation opportunity framework based on the tenant of access, including access to information and opportunities to perform. In a large diverse sample in an operational selection context (Npractice test = 29,626; Nactual test = 18,408; Nboth = 5078), we found that candidates who took the practice test scored higher on the actual tests than those who did not. All candidates benefitted by receiving an accurate estimate of passing the actual test and increasing their likelihood of applying. Further, racioethnic minorities realized greater score gains than racial non‐minorities, thereby reducing subgroup mean differences and subsequent adverse impact. The results were supportive for all major racioethnic minority subgroups (Asians, Blacks or African Americans, and Hispanics), and effect sizes were meaningfully large. Finally, we examined differences in other preparation tactics (e.g., gaining additional experience, using study guides) and found that racioethnic minorities were likely to use some tactics more than racioethnic non‐minorities, but not the most predictive tactics. We conclude that HR managers should consider equalizing preparation opportunities, specifically practice testing, to help address the adverse impact‐validity tradeoff by reducing impact without abandoning valid employment tests.
Investigating the Clogging Mechanism in Membrane Discharge Irrigation Systems Using Reclaimed Water: A Comparative Case Study of Trace Quantity Irrigation and Moistube Irrigation
Authors: Xu Ping , Zhao Yuanzhe , Ou Yumin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTrace quantity irrigation (TQI) and moistube irrigation (MTI) are membrane discharge irrigation (MDI) systems designed to minimize water use and prevent clogging. When laboratory‐prepared reclaimed water (similar to the China Class I‐B standard) was used, emitter clogging (EC) occurred faster in the TQI, escalating within 216 h, compared to 312 h for the MTI. Analysis of dry weight (DW), extracellular polysaccharides (PSs) and proteins (PNs) in different parts of the irrigation pipes revealed that the PS and PN contents contributed to the EC, with the end part being the most affected. High‐throughput sequencing identified Proteobacteria as a key factor in clogging, with Aquabacterium being dominant in TQI and Pseudomonas in MTI, whereas Methylophilus was common to both, suggesting that aerobic and anaerobic alternations exist in the irrigation pipe. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations indicated that the TQI had a faster flow velocity and greater water shear, leading to greater DWs in MTI (1.79–2.27 times higher than the TQI) but similar PS (1.06–1.47 times) and PN (0.87–1.03 times) levels. To manage clogging, MDI systems should apply chlorination with pressure flushing before clogging intensifies, adjusting the flushing duration according to the water quality.
Long‐Term Impact of Physical Activity on Mortality in Adults With Multimorbidity: A 12‐Year Cohort Longitudinal Study From the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Ragusa Francesco Saverio , Hajek André , Stubbs Brendon , Smith Lee , Barbagallo Mario , Dominguez Ligia Juliana , Fontana Luigi , Soysal Pinar , Sabico Shaun , Al‐Daghri Nasser M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhile physical activity (PA) is known to reduce mortality in the general population, this relationship in individuals with multimorbidity (≥ 2 chronic conditions) is unclear. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate whether there is a long‐term association between PA levels and mortality rates over a 12‐year period in adults with multimorbidity.MethodsData were obtained from eight waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), from 28 European countries. PA levels were self‐reported via computer‐assisted personal interviews. Mortality during the follow‐up period was assessed using data obtained from caregivers through end‐of‐life interview. Multimorbidity was identified based on the presence of two or more 15 self‐reported chronic diseases/conditions. Cox's regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounders, was used to assess the association between PA level and mortality. p‐values were calculated using the Jonckheere–Terpstra test for continuous variables and the Mantel–Haenszel Chi‐square test for categorical variables, stratified by PA level.ResultsThe study included 9216 participants with multimorbidity (mean age 69 ± 10.1 years; 58.7% were women). Among those with multimorbidity, individuals with high PA level were significantly younger, more frequently men, less impaired in activities of daily living, less educated and less frequently obese than those with very low level of PA (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Over the 12 years of follow‐up, mortality incidence was three times higher in individuals with multimorbidity and very low PA levels than those with multimorbidity and high levels of PA. After adjusting for confounders, the risk of mortality was significantly lower for participants with moderately low PA levels (HR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.59–0.71; p < 0.0001), moderately high PA levels (HR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.47–0.60; p < 0.0001) and high PA levels (HR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.43–0.55; p < 0.0001) compared to those with very low PA levels.ConclusionsFindings from the present study suggest that people with multimorbidity who had lower levels of PA were three times more likely to die prematurely after 12 years than adults with multimorbidity and higher levels of PA at baseline. These findings underscore the importance of promoting physical activity in adults with multimorbidity to reduce the risk of premature mortality. Future longitudinal research is required to confirm/refute our findings. Further, intervention studies are needed to understand whether increasing levels of physical activity in this population subsequently reduces mortality risk.