bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritability estimations for diseases, coat color, body weight, and height in a birth cohort of Boxers
Authors: Nielen Angelique L. J. , Janss Luc L. G. , Knol Bart W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To obtain heritability estimates for diseases and characteristics in Boxers.Animals—Birth cohort of 2,929 purebred Boxers from 414 litters.Procedure—Heritability estimates were determined for cheiloschisis-palatoschisis, cryptorchidism, epilepsy, stifle disorders, cardiac disorders, coat color, birth weight, and adult weight, and height. Binary traits were analyzed by use of a mixed-effects probit model. Some traits also were analyzed by use of a model that postulated monogenic inheritance. Full pedigree analyses were performed. Variation in incidences of disease among clusters of related dogs was evaluated.Results—Heritability estimates were virtually zero for cardiac disorders, medium (0.17 to 0.36) for most other traits, and high (> 0.55) for coat color, birth weight, and adult height. Litter effects and risk factors affected cheiloschisis-palatoschisis, heart murmur, coat color, broadly defined epilepsy, and adult weight. Litter effects may be attributable to common environmental effects for littermates but also may be attributable to dominance variation caused by a recessive gene. Heritability estimates increased when stricter definitions for epilepsy and stifle disorders were used. The monogenic model did not reveal higher heritability estimates for 6 traits analyzed. Incidences for white coat differed significantly for 10 familial clusters, confirming high heritability and effects of familial lineage.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that genetic improvement of most traits should be feasible, except for cardiac disorders. However, because most traits are influenced by environmental effects as well as genetic effects, genetic counseling based on polygenic inheritance and use of familial information rather than strict exclusion of parents is preferred. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1198–1206)
Alterations in systemic and local colonic hemodynamic variables associated with intravenous infusion of ATP-MgCl2 in healthy anesthetized horses
Authors: Tetens Joanne , Eades Susan C. , Hosgood Giselle , Koch Catherine E. , Moore Rustin M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize alterations in systemic and local colonic hemodynamic variables associated with IV infusion of ATP-MgCl2in healthy anesthetized horses.Animals—12 adult horses.Procedure—Six horses were given ATP-MgCl2, IV, beginning at a rate of 0.1 mg of ATP/kg of body weight/min with incremental increases until a rate of 1.0 mg/kg/min was achieved. The remaining 6 horses were given an equivalent volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution over the same time period. Colonic and systemic hemodynamic variables and colonic plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were determined before, during, and after infusion.Results—Infusion of ATP-MgCl2caused a rate-dependent decrease in systemic and colonic vascular resistance, principally via its vasodilatory effects. A rate of 0.3 mg of ATP/kg/min caused a significant decrease in systemic and colonic arterial pressure and colonic vascular resistance without a significant corresponding decrease in colonic arterial blood flow. Consistent alterations in NO concentrations of plasma obtained from colonic vasculature were not detected, despite profound vasodilatation of the colonic arterial vasculature.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results revealed that IV infusion of ATP-MgCl2may be beneficial in maintaining colonic perfusion in horses with ischemia of the gastrointestinal tract, provided a sufficient pressure gradient exists to maintain blood flow. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1240–1249)
Effect of mammary secretions on functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in pigs
Authors: Österlundh Ingrid , Holst Henrik , Magnusson Ulf 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of porcine mammary secretions on polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte function and to relate concentrations of estradiol-17β and cortisol in mammary secretions to PMN cell function.Sample Population—Mammary secretions from 10 healthy sows and blood PMN leukocytes from 27 healthy sows.Procedure—Mammary secretions were collected within 24 hours after parturition (colostrum) and 12 to 13 days later (milk). Chemoattractant properties were assessed by use of a cell migration assay. Phagocytic capacity of PMN cells in colostrum and milk was assessed by recording chemiluminescence following phagocytosis ofEscherichia colior zymosan. Estradiol-17β and cortisol concentrations were determined by use of radioimmunoassays.Results—Chemoattractant properties of colostrum and milk were significantly greater than that of zymosan-activated serum. However, chemoattractant properties did not differ significantly between the 2 types of secretions. The capacity of PMN cells in colostrum to phagocytose either zymosan orE coliwas less, compared with cells in milk, and the ability of cells in either type of mammary secretion to phagocytoseE coliwas greater than the ability to phagocytose zymosan. Concentrations of estradiol-17β and cortisol were greater in colostrum, compared with milk. No clear relation was evident between PMN cell activity and hormone concentrations in mammary secretions.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although chemoattractant properties of colostrum and milk did not differ, the phagocytic capacity of PMN cells in colostrum was significantly less than that of cells in milk. This may predispose sows to coliform mastitis during the early postparturient period. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1250–1254)
Arrhythmogenic effect of hypercapnia in ducks anesthetized with halothane
Authors: Naganobu Kiyokazu , Hagio Mitsuyoshi , Sonoda Tatsunobu , Kagawa Kiyokazu , Mammoto Tadanori 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine effects of hypercapnia on arrhythmias in ducks anesthetized with halothane.Animals—12 ducks, 6 to 8 months old, weighing 1.1 to 1.6 kg.Procedures—Each duck was anesthetized with a 1.5% mixture of halothane in oxygen, and anesthetic depth was stabilized during a 20-minute period. We added CO2to the inspired oxygen to produce CO2partial pressures of 40, 60, and 80 mm Hg in the inspired gas mixture. The CO2partial pressure was increased in a stepwise manner. When arrhythmias were not evident during inhalation of the gas mixture at a specific CO2partial pressure, the CO2partial pressure was maintained for 10 minutes before a sample was collected for blood gas analysis. When arrhythmias were detected, a sample for blood gas analysis was collected after the CO2partial pressure was maintained for at least 2 minutes, and CO2inhalation then was terminated.Results—During the stabilization period, PaCO2(mean ± SD) was 33 ± 5 mm Hg,and arrhythmias were not detected. In 6 ducks, arrhythmias such as unifocal and multifocal premature ventricular contractions developed during inhalation of CO2. Mean PaCO2at which arrhythmias developed was 67 ± 12 mm Hg. In 5 of 6 ducks with arrhythmias, the arrhythmias disappeared after CO2inhalation was terminated.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of data from this study indicated that hypercapnia can lead to arrhythmias in ducks during halothane-induced anesthesia. Thus, ventilatory support to maintain normocapnia is important for managing ducks anesthetized with halothane. (Am J Vet Res2001;62: 127–129)
Luteal and clinical response following administration of dinoprost tromethamine or cloprostenol at standard intramuscular sites or at the lumbosacral acupuncture point in mares
Authors: Nie Gary J. , Goodin Ashley N. , Braden Timothy D. , Wenzel James G. W. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether administration of a
microdose of prostaglandin at the BAI HUI acupuncture
point offers any advantage over IM injections for luteolysis,
ovulatory interval, or systemic response in mares.

Animals—17 mature cycling mares, 3 to 20 years of
age and weighing 400 to 500 kg.

Procedure—Conventional and microdoses of the
prostaglandin dinoprost tromethamine (PGF2α), the
analogue cloprostenol, or sterile water (control) were
administered to mares in 7 treatment groups.
Treatments were assigned by dose, administration site
(semimembranosus, semitendinosus, or lumbosacral
region), and treatment type (PGF2α, analogue, or sterile
water). Mares were observed for ovulatory interval and
systemic response to treatment, including heart, and
respiratory rates, rectal temperature, and sweat score.
Plasma progesterone concentrations were also determined
at the time of treatment and at 24-hour intervals
for 96 hours following treatment.

Results—Ovulatory interval was shortened and progesterone
concentrations decreased in prostaglandintreated
mares, compared with control mares, regardless
of dose or treatment site. However, no differences
in ovulatory interval were observed among
prostaglandin-treated mares. Mares treated with conventional
doses of PGF2α had greater systemic
responses than mares treated with microdoses of
PGF2α or sterile water.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration
of prostaglandins at the BAI HUI acupuncture
point does not appear to offer any advantage over
administration at standard IM injection sites for induction
of luteolysis or to shorten the ovulatory interval.
However, administration of a microdose of the analogue
cloprostenol was effective at inducing luteolysis
and shortening ovulatory interval regardless of administration
site. (Am J Vet Res 2001;62:1285–1289)
Derivation and characterization of a live attenuated equine influenza vaccine virus
Authors: Youngner Julius S. , Whitaker-Dowling Patricia , Chambers Thomas M. , Rushlow Keith E. , Sebring Randy 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop and characterize a cold-adapted live attenuated equine-2 influenza virus effective as an intranasal vaccine.Animals—8 ponies approximately 18 months of age.Procedures—A wild-type equine-2 virus, A/Equine/ Kentucky/1/91 (H3N8), was serially passaged in embryonated chicken eggs at temperatures gradually reduced in a stepwise manner from 34 C to 30 C to 28 C to 26 C. At different passages, infected allantoic fluids were tested for the ability of progeny virus to replicate in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells at 34 C and 39.5 C. Virus clones that replicated at 26 C in eggs and at 34 C in MDCK cells, but not at 39.5 C in MDCK cells, were tested for stability of the coldadapted, temperature-sensitive (ts), and protein synthesis phenotypes. A stable clone, P821, was evaluated for safety, ability to replicate, and immunogenicity after intranasal administration in ponies.Results—Randomly selected clones from the 49th passage were all ts with plaquing efficiencies of < 10-6(ratio of 39.5 C:34 C) and retained this phenotype after 5 serial passages at 34 C in either embryonated eggs or MDCK cells. The clone selected as the vaccine candidate (P821) had the desired degree of attenuation. Administered intranasally to seronegative ponies, the virus caused no adverse reactions or overt signs of clinical disease, replicated in the upper portion of the respiratory tract, and induced a strong serum antibody response.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—A candidate live attenuated influenza vaccine virus was derived by cold-adaptation of a wild-type equine-2 influenza virus, A/Equine/Kentucky/1/91, in embryonated eggs. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1290–1294)
Use of capillary electrophoresis to quantitate carbamylated hemoglobin concentrations in dogs with renal failure
Authors: Heiene Reidun , Vulliet P. Richard , Williams Robert L. , Cowgill Larry D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate quantification of the amount of carbamylated hemoglobin (CarbHb), using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and a new dynamic capillary coating system to separate hemoglobin derivatives, and to assess the use of CarbHb amounts to evaluate long-term urea exposure and differential diagnoses of azotemia in dogs.Animals—8 dogs with renal failure, 2 dogs with diabetes mellitus, and 7 control dogs.Procedure—Optimal analytic conditions for separation of CarbHb and other hemoglobin derivatives in blood samples obtained from dogs were determined, using a commercial analysis system developed for the detection of glycohemoglobin Hb A1c (GlycHb) in human blood samples. Relative content of hemoglobin derivatives in blood from 10 dogs with renal failure or endocrine diseases were compared with values for 7 dogs without renal or endocrine diseases.Results—Satisfactory resolution of hemoglobin derivatives was obtained, which permitted identification and quantitation of the amount of CarbHb as a percentage of the total amount of hemoglobin. Normal or increased amounts of GlycHb did not interfere with CarbHb analysis. Dogs with chronic renal failure had considerably higher peak amounts of CarbHb than dogs with acute renal failure, a dog with chronic renal failure that was treated by use of hemodialysis, or dogs without renal disease.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Amounts of CarbHb in blood samples obtained from dogs can be readily quantified by use of capillary electrophoresis. Assessment of the amount of CarbHb can be used to facilitate evaluation of the cause of azotemia in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1302–1306)
Use of a hyaluronate membrane for jejunal anastomosis in horses
Authors: Eggleston Randy B. , Mueller P.O. Eric , Quandt Jane E. , Neuwirth Lisa , Harmon Barry G. , Waguespack Wayne R. , Rainbow Mark E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare the outcomes of doublelayer inverting anastomosis (DIA), single-layer anastomosis (SLA), and single-layer anastomosis combined with a hyaluronate membrane (SLA+HA-membrane) with respect to stomal diameter, adhesion formation, surgery time, and anastomotic healing in horses.Animals—18 adult horses.Procedure—Midline celiotomy and end-to-end anastomoses were performed. In control horses (n = 6), DIA was performed; in treated horses, SLA was performed (6) or SLA+HA-membrane was performed (6). Horses were euthanatized 21 days after surgery. Abdominal adhesions were evaluated grossly and histologically. Stomal diameters were measured ultrasonographically and compared with adjacent luminal diameters. Anastomotic healing was evaluated histologically for fibrosis and inflammation, tissue alignment, and inversion. Surgery times were recorded for the anastomotic procedure and compared among groups.Results—There were significantly more adhesions in the SLA group, compared with the DIA and SLA+HAmembrane groups. Reduction in stomal diameters in the DIA group was significantly greater than the SLA and SLA+HA-membrane groups. Surgery times for the DIA group were significantly greater than the SLA and SLA+HA-membrane groups. Histologic findings of fibrosis, inflammation, and mucosal healing were similar among groups. There was significant tissue inversion in the DIA group, compared with the 2 treatment groups. Tissue alignment was not different among groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of a SLA+HA-membrane was an effective small intestinal anastomotic technique. This technique was faster to perform and resulted in a larger stomal diameter, compared with the DIA technique and significantly fewer perianastomotic adhesions, compared with the SLA technique. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1314–1319)
Evaluation of plasma clearance of inulin in clinically normal and partially nephrectomized cats
Authors: Miyamoto Kenji 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate accuracy of measuring plasma clearance of inulin as an alternative renal function test for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cats.Animals—10 cats, first studied with intact kidneys and subsequently studied following partial nephrectomy.Procedure—Clearance studies were performed in 10 clinically normal cats; those same cats then underwent partial nephrectomy, and clearance studies were performed again. Plasma concentration of inulin was determined after administration at 50 mg/kg of body weight to cats while renally intact and 45 mg/kg after the partial nephrectomy. Plasma clearance of inulin (PCin) was determined by dividing the dose by the area under the plasma inulin concentration versus time curve. Results for PCin were compared with values obtained simultaneously for urinary clearance of exogenously administered creatinine (Ccr), a widely accepted method for measurement of GFR in cats with intact kidneys and cats with reduced renal mass.Results—Results of PCin were strongly correlated (r2= 0.912, P < 0.001 ) with Ccr. Repeatability of determination of PCin was similar to that of Ccr. Sensitivity and specificity of PCin were superior and equivalent to that of Ccr, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Determination of PCin provides a reliable estimate of GFR in cats and is a promising alternative to determining Ccr in cats. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1332–1335)
Training failure among yearling horses
Authors: Hernandez Jorge , Hawkins Dan L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare financial returns between pinhooked yearling horses (ie, bought and trained for approximately 5 months with the goal of selling the horse at "2-year-olds in training" sales) that had mild or severe training failure and horses that had planned versus nonplanned training failure.Animals—40 Thoroughbred pinhooked yearling horses.Procedure—During the period from September 1998 through and April 1999, 20 horses had mild training failure (1 to 11 days lost), and 20 horses had severe training failure (13 to 108 days lost). Horses were assigned to these 2 groups on the basis of frequency distribution (median) of days lost during training. Horses were also categorized on the basis of type of training failure (planned vs nonplanned training failure). The outcome of primary interest was financial return. Median financial returns were compared among groups by use of the Mann-WhitneyUtest.Results—Median financial returns for horses that had severe training failure ($1,000) were significantly different, compared with horses that had mild training failure ($24,000). Analysis of results also indicated that median returns were significantly different among horses that had planned training failure (−$2,000; eg, horses with radiographic abnormalities detected during routine prepurchase examinations that required surgical treatment, resulting in days lost during training), compared with horses that did not ($10,000).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Training failure has an economic impact on revenues in pinhooked yearling horses. Lameness, planned training failure, respiratory disease, and ringworm were common and important causes of training failure. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1418–1422)
Cardiopulmonary effects of prolonged anesthesia via propofol-medetomidine infusion in ponies
Authors: Bettschart-Wolfensberger Regula , Bowen Marc I. , Freeman Sarah L. , Feller Renate , Bettschart Robert W. , Nolan Andrea , Clarke Kathleen W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine cardiopulmonary effects of total IV anesthesia with propofol and medetomidine in ponies and effect of atipamezole on recovery.Animals—10 ponies.Procedure—After sedation was induced by IV administration of medetomidine (7 μg/kg of body weight), anesthesia was induced by IV administration of propofol (2 mg/kg) and maintained for 4 hours with infusions of medetomidine (3.5 μg/kg per hour) and propofol (0.07 to 0.11 mg/kg per minute). Spontaneous respiration was supplemented with oxygen. Cardiopulmonary measurements and blood concentrations of propofol were determined during anesthesia. Five ponies received atipamezole (60 μg/kg) during recovery.Results—During anesthesia, mean cardiac index and heart rate increased significantly until 150 minutes, then decreased until cessation of anesthesia. Mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance index increased significantly between 150 minutes and 4 hours. In 4 ponies, PaO2decreased to < 60 mm Hg. Mean blood propofol concentrations from 20 minutes after induction onwards ranged from 2.3 to 3.5 μg/ml. Recoveries were without complications and were complete within 28 minutes with atipamezole administration and 39 minutes without atipamezole administration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—During total IV anesthesia of long duration with medetomidine-propofol, cardiovascular function is comparable to or better than under inhalation anesthesia. This technique may prove suitable in equids in which prompt recovery is essential; however, in some animals severe hypoxia may develop and oxygen supplementation may be necessary. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1428–1435)
Evaluation of concurrent shedding of bovine coronavirus via the respiratory tract and enteric route in feedlot cattle
Authors: Cho Kyoung-Oh , Hoet Armando E. , Loerch Steven C. , Wittum Thomas E. , Saif Linda J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess the relationship between shedding of bovine coronavirus (BCV) via the respiratory tract and enteric routes and the association with weight gain in feedlot cattle.Animals—56 crossbred steers.Procedures—Paired fecal samples and nasal swab specimens were obtained and were tested for BCV, using antigen-capture ELISA. Paired serum samples obtained were tested for antibodies to BCV, using antibody-detection ELISA. Information was collected on weight gain, clinical signs, and treatments for enteric and respiratory tract disease during the study period.Results—Number of samples positive for bovine respiratory coronavirus (BRCV) or bovine enteric coro navirus (BECV) was 37/224 (17%) and 48/223 (22%), respectively. Some cattle (25/46, 45%) shed BECV and BRCV. There were 25/29 (86%) cattle positive for BECV that shed BRCV, but only 1/27 (4%) cattle negative to BECV shed BRCV. Twenty-seven of 48 (56%) paired nasal swab specimens and fecal samples positive for BECV were positive for BRCV. In contrast, only 10/175 (6%) paired nasal swab specimens and fecal samples negative for BECV were positive for BRCV. Only shedding of BECV was associated with significantly reduced weight gain. Seroconversion to BCV during the 21 days after arrival was detected in 95% of the cattle tested.Conclusions and Clinical Implications—Feedlot cattle infected with BCV after transport shed BCV from the respiratory tract and in the feces. Fecal shedding of BCV was associated with significantly reduced weight gain. Developing appropriate control measures for BCV infections could help reduce the decreased weight gain observed among infected feedlot cattle. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1436–1441)