bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Health and Social Competencies of 10- to 12-Year-Old Children Born at 23 to 25 Weeks of Gestation in the 1990s: A Swedish National Prospective Follow-up Study
Authors: Farooqi Aijaz , Hägglöf Bruno , Sedin Gunnar , Gothefors Leif , Serenius Fredrik 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE. We investigated a national cohort of extremely immature children with respect to behavioral and emotional problems and social competencies, from the perspectives of parents, teachers, and children themselves.METHODS. We examined 11-year-old children who were born before 26 completed weeks of gestation in Sweden between 1990 and 1992. All had been evaluated at a corrected age of 36 months. At 11 years of age, 86 of 89 survivors were studied and compared with an equal number of control subjects, matched with respect to age and gender. Behavioral and emotional problems, social competencies, and adaptive functioning at school were evaluated with standardized, well-validated instruments, including parent and teacher report questionnaires and a child self-report, administered by mail.RESULTS. Compared with control subjects, parents of extremely immature children reported significantly more problems with internalizing behaviors (anxiety/depression, withdrawn, and somatic problems) and attention, thought, and social problems. Teachers reported a similar pattern. Reports from children showed a trend toward increased depression symptoms compared with control subjects. Multivariate analysis of covariance of parent-reported behavioral problems revealed no interactions, but significant main effects emerged for group status (extremely immature versus control), family function, social risk, and presence of a chronic medical condition, with all effect sizes being medium and accounting for 8% to 12% of the variance. Multivariate analysis of covariance of teacher-reported behavioral problems showed significant effects for group status and gender but not for the covariates mentioned above. According to the teachers’ ratings, extremely immature children were less well adjusted to the school environment than were control subjects. However, a majority of extremely immature children (85%) were functioning in mainstream schools without major adjustment problems.CONCLUSIONS. Despite favorable outcomes for many children born at the limit of viability, these children are at risk for mental health problems, with poorer school results.
Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Early Low-Dose Hydrocortisone Treatment in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Watterberg Kristi L. , Shaffer Michele L. , Mishefske Mary J. , Leach Corinne L. , Mammel Mark C. , Couser Robert J. , Abbasi Soraya , Cole Cynthia H. , Aucott Susan W. , Thilo Elizabeth H. , Rozycki Henry J. , Lacy Conra Backstrom 
Published: July 2007

BACKGROUND. Low cortisol concentrations in premature infants have been correlated with increased severity of illness, hypotension, mortality, and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A total of 360 mechanically ventilated infants with a birth weight of 500 to 999 g were enrolled in a randomized, multicenter trial of prophylaxis of early adrenal insufficiency to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were decreased in the hydrocortisone-treated patients exposed to chorioamnionitis. We now report outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age.PATIENTS AND METHODS. Surviving infants were evaluated with standardized neurologic examination and Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II. Neurodevelopmental impairment was defined as a Mental Developmental Index or Psychomotor Developmental Index of &lt;70, cerebral palsy, blindness or deafness.RESULTS. A total of 252 (87%) of 291 survivors were evaluated. Cerebral palsy was diagnosed in 13% of hydrocortisone-treated versus 14% of placebo-treated infants. Fewer hydrocortisone-treated infants had a Mental Development Index &lt;70, and more of the hydrocortisone-treated infants showed evidence of awareness of object permanence. Incidence of neurodevelopmental impairment was not different (39% [hydrocortisone] vs 44% [placebo]). There were no differences in physical growth measures. Chorioamnionitis-exposed infants treated with hydrocortisone were shorter and weighed less than controls but had no evidence of neurodevelopmental impairment. Among infants not exposed to chorioamnionitis, hydrocortisone-treated patients were less likely to have a Mental Development Index of &lt;70 or to be receiving glucocorticoids at follow-up.CONCLUSIONS. Early, low-dose hydrocortisone treatment was not associated with increased cerebral palsy. Treated infants had indicators of improved developmental outcome. Together with the short-term benefit previously reported, these data support additional studies of hydrocortisone treatment of adrenal insufficiency in extremely premature infants.
Preterm Infants as Young Adults: A Swedish National Cohort Study
Authors: Lindström Karolina , Winbladh Birger , Haglund Bengt , Hjern Anders 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE. Increasing numbers of infants born preterm survive into adulthood. In this study, we analyzed the effect of having been born preterm on disability and vocational success in young adults.
METHODS. A Swedish national cohort of 522310 infants born in 1973–1979 were followed up for disabilities and income in national registers in 2002 at the age of 23 to 29. Hypotheses were tested in multivariate analysis with logistic regression models on the log scale for dichotomized outcomes and linear regression for continuous variables.
RESULTS. There was a stepwise increase in disability in young adulthood with increasing degree of preterm birth. A total of 13.2% of children born at 24 to 28 weeks' gestation and 5.6% born at 29 to 32 weeks' gestation received economic assistance from society because of handicap or persistent illness, which is which is equivalent to nearly 4 times the risk of those born at term after adjustment for socioeconomic and perinatal confounders. Moderate (33–36 weeks' gestation) and marginal (37–38 weeks' gestation) preterm birth also carried significantly increased risks for disability and were responsible for 74% of the total disability associated with preterm birth. Preterm birth was associated with a lower chance of completing a university education and a lower net salary in a stepwise manner. The total economic gain for Swedish society, in terms of taxes and decreased costs for benefits, if all long-term effects of preterm birth could have been prevented in the birth cohorts in this study, would have amounted to 65 million euros in 2002 alone.
CONCLUSIONS. The majority of adults who were born very preterm lived an independent and self-supportive life. Moderately preterm birth carries a considerable risk for long-term impairment. There are strong economic incentives for secondary prevention of disability associated with preterm birth.
Conivaptan: New treatment for hyponatremia
Authors: Walter Kimberly A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPurpose. The pharmacology, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects and toxicities, drug interactions, dosage and administration, and safety issues related to the use of conivaptan are discussed.Summary. Conivaptan hydrochloride is a nonpeptide, V1A and V2 vasopressin-receptor antagonist. It is available as an i.v. formulation in 4-mL ampules containing 20 mg of conivaptan hydrochloride. The drug is active both orally and i.v. Conivaptan injection is approved for the treatment of euvolemic hyponatremia in hospitalized patients. Three double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, multicenter studies have been conducted in the United States and internationally. The studies used various dosing regimens for conivaptan but maintained the same efficacy endpoints. Each study showed conivaptan to be effective in increasing serum sodium and in water clearance. Conivaptan is being evaluated in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure and chronic heart failure, but the safety of this drug has not been fully established. The drug has been generally well tolerated in clinical trials with both oral and i.v. administration. The approved dosing regimen consists of a 20-mg i.v. loading dose administered over 30 minutes, followed by a continuous infusion of 20 mg administered over 24 hours. Clinical studies evaluating conivaptan have been short term; longer-term effects of hemodynamic parameters are unknown.Conclusion. Conivaptan, the first vasopressin antagonist approved for the treatment of euvolemic hyponatremia, has a unique mechanism of action that results in free-water excretion and offers a new option for the treatment of resistant hyponatremia in the acute setting when patients have not responded to standard management.
Methods and reliability of echocardiographic assessment of left atrial size and mechanical function in horses
Authors: Schwarzwald Colin C. , Schober Karsten E. , Bonagura John D. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Objective—To assess the feasibility, describe the techniques, and determine the reliability of transthoracic echocardiography for characterization of left atrial (LA) size and LA mechanical function in horses.
Animals—6 healthy adult horses.
Procedures—Repeated echocardiographic examinations were performed independently by 2 observers in standing, unsedated horses by use of 2-dimensional echocardiography, pulsed-wave flow Doppler, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) techniques. Test reliability was determined by estimating measurement variability, within-day interobserver variability, and between-day inter- and intraobserver variability of all echocardiographic variables. Variability was expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV) and the absolute value below which the difference between 2 measurements will lie with 95% probability.
Results—Most echocardiographic variables of LA size had low overall variability (CV, < 15%). Among the 2-dimensional indices of LA mechanical function, area-based and volume-based ejection phase indices had moderate between-day variability (CV usually < 25%). Transmitral Doppler flow indices were characterized by low to high between-day variability (CV, 6% to 35%). The TDI wall motion velocities had high between-day variability (CV, > 25%), whereas most TDI-derived time intervals had low variability (CV, < 15%).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—LA size and mechanical function can be reliably assessed in standing, unsedated horses by use of 2-dimensional echocardiography, transmitral blood flow velocity profiles, and analyses of LA wall motion by use of TDI. These results may provide useful recommendations for echocardiographic assessment of LA size and function in horses.
Improved husbandry to control an outbreak of rainbow trout fry syndrome caused by infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum
Authors: Bebak Julie A. , Welch Timothy J. , Starliper Clifford E. , Baya Ana M. , Garner Michael M. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Case Description—A cohort of 35,200, 13-week-old, female rainbow trout at a fish farm was evaluated because of a 2-week history of anorexia and lethargy and a mortality rate of approximately 100 fish/d.
Clinical Findings—Affected fish were lethargic and thin and had disequilibrium, bilateral exophthalmia, pale red gills and kidneys, red-tinged coelomic fluid, and pale brown livers. Some fish were differentially pigmented bilaterally. The presumptive diagnosis was bacterial or viral septicemia. The definitive diagnosis was rainbow trout fry syndrome caused by infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum.
Treatment and Outcome—A strategy for controlling the outbreak based on reducing pathogen numbers in affected tanks and reducing pathogen spread among tanks was developed. The option of treating with antimicrobial-medicated feed was discussed with the farmer, but was declined. After changes were made, mortality rate declined quickly, with no more deaths within 10 days after the initial farm visit.
Clinical Relevance—Bacterial coldwater disease is the most common manifestation of infection with F psychrophilum in fingerling and adult rainbow trout. However, the organism can also cause rainbow trout fry syndrome. This condition should be included on a list of differential diagnoses for septicemia in hatchery-reared rainbow trout fry.
Reconstruction of the urethra by use of an inverse tubed bipedicle flap in a dog with hypospadias
Authors: Pavletic Michael M. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Case Description—A 1-year-old castrated male German Shepherd Dog was evaluated because of a history of hematuria and stranguria secondary to recurrent urinary tract infections.
Clinical Findings—Physical examination revealed hypospadias with penile and preputial aplasia. The urethral orifice was just ventral to the ventral aspect of the anocutaneous junction. Ascending urinary tract infections, secondary to fecal contamination of the urethral orifice, were the presumed source of recurrent bouts of cystitis that developed despite periodic antimicrobial treatment.
Treatment and Outcome—A 1-cm-diameter urethral extension was constructed from the urethral mucosal remnant located along the midline of the perineum (urethral trough). Two parallel 4-cm incisions (3 cm apart) were made lateral to that urethral trough. The borders were sutured to form an inverted, epithelium-lined tube (bipedicled flap) attached to the dorsal urethral orifice. The lateral skin margins were sutured over the reconstructed urethral extension, completing the procedure. Postoperative swelling necessitated temporary catheterization of the urinary bladder. After closure of a small fistula from the reconstructed urethral segment, the dog subsequently had only 2 episodes of cystitis during a 3-year period. To minimize skin irritation secondary to urine exposure, the dog's owner regularly trimmed the hair around the new urethral orifice.
Clinical Relevance—In dogs, correction of perineal (subanal) hypospadias via urethral reconstruction should be considered among treatment options. By use of an inverse tubed urethral extension, direct fecal contamination to the lower urinary tract may be effectively eliminated, dramatically reducing the incidence of ascending urinary tract infections in dogs with hypospadias.
Gallbladder disease in Shetland Sheepdogs: 38 cases (1995–2005)
Authors: Aguirre Ale L. , Center Sharon A. , Randolph John F. , Yeager Amy E. , Keegan Alicia M. , Harvey H. Jay , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine risk, clinical features, and treatment responses for gallbladder disorders in Shetland Sheepdogs.
Design—Retrospective case-control study.
Animals—38 Shetland Sheepdogs with gallbladder disease.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for signalment, history, physical findings, laboratory results, imaging features, coexistent illnesses, histologic findings, treatments, and survival rates.
Results—Mature dogs with gastrointestinal signs were predisposed (odds ratio, 7.2) to gallbladder disorders. Gallbladder mucocele was confirmed in 25 dogs. Concurrent problems included pancreatitis, hyperlipidemia, corticosteroid excess, hypothyroidism, protein-losing nephropathy, diabetes mellitus, cholelithiasis, and gallbladder dysmotility. Mortality rate was 68% with and 32% without bile peritonitis. Nonsurvivors had high WBC and neutrophil count and low potassium concentration. Although preprandial hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and high serum liver enzyme activities were common, gallbladder disease was serendipitously discovered in 11 of 38 dogs. Histologic examination (n = 20 dogs) revealed gallbladder cystic mucosal hyperplasia in 20 dogs, cholecystitis in 16, periportal hepatitis in 9, and vacuolar hepatopathy in 7. Surgery included cholecystectomy (n = 17) and cholecystoenterostomy (4). In 1 hyperlipidemic dog without clinical signs, gallbladder mucocele resolved 6 months after beginning use of a fat-restricted diet and ursodeoxycholic acid.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Shetland Sheepdogs are predisposed to gallbladder disorders, with mucoceles and concurrent dyslipidemia or dysmotility in many affected dogs. Most dogs were without clinical signs during mucocele development. Low survival rate after cholecystectomy in clinically affected dogs suggested that preemptive surgical interventions may be a more appropriate treatment strategy.
Stochastic cellular automata modeling of excitable systems
Authors: Szakály Tamás , Lagzi István , Izsák Ferenc , Roszol László , Volford András 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA stochastic cellular automaton is developed for modeling waves in excitable media. A scale of key features of excitation waves can be reproduced in the presented framework such as the shape, the propagation velocity, the curvature effect and spontaneous appearance of target patterns. Some well-understood phenomena such as waves originating from a point source, double spiral waves and waves around some obstacles of various geometries are simulated. We point out that unlike the deterministic approaches, the present model captures the curvature effect and the presence of target patterns without permanent excitation. Spontaneous appearance of patterns, which have been observed in a new experimental system and a chemical lens effect, which has been reported recently can also be easily reproduced. In all cases, the presented model results in a fast computer simulation.
Understanding Spatiotemporal Patterns: Visual Ordering of Space and Time
Authors: Kraak Menno-Jan , van de Vlag Daniël E. 
Published: July 2007

Deriving patterns and relations from large multivariate and multi-temporal data sets to acquire knowledge about real-world processes is not a trivial task. To understand the content of such data sets, current analytical tools do offer interesting solutions, but an approach combining the above different types of data is lacking. This article introduces a visual integrated solution that allows the user to explore and analyse the data at hand. The approach introduced consists of a dynamically linked multi-view environment that offers different interactive visual representations to “look at and play with” the data. For the time component, the temporal ordered space matrix (TOSM), which schematizes the temporal nature of the data set, is introduced. The rows of the matrix represent time and the columns the geographic units.A preliminary usability test has been conducted to see how the multi-view approach in general performs when considering specific tasks oriented toward the understanding of spatiotemporal patterns. The TOSM functions well for naturally ordered (linear) phenomena such as rivers and coastlines. The article also discusses the use of the TOSM for non-linear-ordered phenomena such as administrative units. The method is based on directional ordering and is compared with other ordering approaches, such as space-filling curves, the travelling salesman problem, and plane-sweeping algorithms.
Academic Presentations across Post-secondary Contexts: The Discourse Socialization of Non-native English Speakers
Authors: Zappa-Hollman Sandra 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: This qualitative multiple-case study draws on second language (L2) socialization theory (Duff, 1995, 2003; Schieffelin & Ochs, 1986) to explore the discourse socialization of six non-native graduate students through their engagement in an oral activity, the academic presentation (AP) in regular content courses at a Canadian university. Multiple data sources (AP observations, interviews, field notes, course outlines) were collected and triangulated for analysis, which involved recursively going over the data identifying salient and recurrent themes. The study extends our understanding of APs across post-secondary settings by analyzing and comparing the main activity characteristics in four disciplines. In addition, an examination of the presentation challenges and coping strategies of the participating students contributes to viewing their L2 academic discourse socialization as a complex process that may be perceived as difficult even by students with advanced language proficiency and may be resisted by students whose home academic discourse values contrast with those in their new contexts.
Contributions of Families’ Linguistic, Social, and Cultural Capital to Minority-Language Children's Literacy: Parents’, Teachers’, and Principals’ Perspectives
Authors: Peterson Shelley Stagg , Heywood Daphne 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:The voices of 21 immigrant parents, 12 teachers, and 10 principals are heard in this discussion of assumptions regarding minority-language parents’ linguistic, social, and cultural capital in supporting their children's literacy development. Interview data show that parents and educators recognize the contributions of children's first language (L1) and their culture to their English literacy learning. Participating minority-language parents provided reading materials in their L1 for their children to read and enrolled their children in heritage language schools. Participating teachers and principals used dual-language books and encouraged minority-language parents to read and write to their children in their L1. They showed interest in linguistic diversity and changed practices and school structures to accommodate the cultures, languages, customs, and values of immigrant families.
Integrating Volunteering into the Adult Immigrant Second Language Experience
Authors: Dudley Lesley 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: For immigrants, the acquisition of language, specifically the ability to communicate effectively, is one prerequisite of full integration into the host society. For an adult immigrant second language (L2) learner in Canada, access to opportunities that may enhance communicative ability are often limited to the ESL classroom. However, while providing students with a safe environment for learning English, these surroundings may not be enough to increase their communicative ability. One suggestion is to make use of opportunities outside the classroom, such as volunteering. The study documented here investigated the volunteering experiences of adult immigrant L2 learners within English-speaking organizations and explored how their experiences contributed to their language development and their social integration into the target culture. Through the use of a survey and interviews, I elicited the perspectives of non-native speakers and recorded their evaluation of this unique real-world experience. The article concludes with a list of recommendations for integrating volunteering into the ESL curriculum.
Literacy Autobiographies in a University ESL Class
Authors: Steinman Linda 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: I define the literacy autobiography as a reflective, first-person account of one's development as a writing being. In this article I share a classroom practice that invited language learners to consider and compose their literacy autobiographies (LA). The context was a university credit English as a second language (ESL) classroom. The purposes of the LA were to enact many of the principles and concepts considered beneficial to second language writing, particularly the bringing of the first language (L1) into the second language (L2) classroom, and to engage with students in constructivist learning. I describe why and how I envisioned this small LA project; how we (the students and I) enacted the project; the theoretical frameworks supporting LA; how the project developed into a contrastive analysis assignment; and, finally, why I must revision the project. In my view, contrastive rhetoric, contrastive analysis, communities of practice, multiliteracies, and sociocultural theory all provide support for using LA in the classroom.