bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bouncing Back: Patterns and Predictors of Complicated Transitions 30 Days After Hospitalization for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kind Amy J. H. , Smith Maureen A. , Frytak Jennifer R. , Finch Michael D. 
Published: February 2007

OBJECTIVES: To identify predictors of complicated transitions within 30 days after discharge from hospitalization for acute stroke.DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of administrative data.SETTING: Four hundred twenty‐two hospitals in the southern and eastern United States.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty‐nine thousand three hundred eighty‐four Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older discharged after acute ischemic stroke from 1998 to 2000.MEASUREMENTS: Complicated transition, defined as movement from less‐ to more‐intensive care setting after hospital discharge, with hospital being most intensive and home without home health care being least intensive.RESULTS: Twenty percent of patients experienced at least one complicated transition; 16% of those experienced more than one complicated transition. After adjustment using logistic regression, factors predicting any complicated transition included older age, African‐American race, Medicaid enrollment, prior hospitalization, gastrostomy tube, chronic disease, length of stay, and discharge site. Patients with multiple complicated transitions were more likely to be African American (odds ratio (OR)=1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13–1.68), be male (OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.04–1.40), have a prior diagnosis of fluid and electrolyte disorder (e.g., dehydration) (OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.07–1.43), have a prior hospitalization (OR=1.18, 95% CI=1.01–1.36), and be initially discharged to a skilled‐nursing facility or long‐term care (OR=1.22, 95% CI=1.04–1.44) than patients with only one complicated transition. They were less likely to be initially discharged to a rehabilitation center (OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.57–0.89).CONCLUSION: Significant numbers of stroke patients experience complicated transitions soon after hospital discharge. Sociodemographic factors and initial discharge site distinguish patients with multiple complicated transitions. These factors may enable prospective identification and targeting of stroke patients at risk for “bouncing back.”
Pulmonary Vein Conduction Is the Major Finding in Patients with Atrial Tachyarrhythmias after Intraoperative Maze Ablation
Authors: CHUN K.R. JULIAN , BANSCH DIETMAR , ERNST SABINE , UJEYL AMAAR , HUANG HE , CHU HUIMIN , SATOMI KAZUHIRO , SCHMIDT BORIS , ANTZ MATTHIAS , KUCK KARL‐HEINZ , OUYANG FEIFAN 
Published: February 2007

Introduction: Electrophysiological (EP) data from patients with recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATa) after intraoperative maze ablation are limited. Furthermore, the clinical course after accomplishing pulmonary vein (PV) isolation using the double lasso technique (DLT) is unknown. Methods and Results: EP study and catheter ablation (CA) was guided by a three‐dimensional electroanatomic mapping system (3‐D EA, CARTO, Biosense‐Webster) combined with simultaneous ipsilateral PV mapping using the DLT. Defined endpoints were: (1) identification of conduction gaps within the ipsilateral PVs, (2) elimination of all PV spikes, and (3) ablation of clinical ATas.CA was performed in eight patients (four females, 62 ± 5 years, LA: 50 ± 6 mm) with drug refractory ATa (9.1 ± 6.3 years) despite non‐“cut and sew” maze operation. Electrical PV conduction was demonstrated in the majority of patients (7/8). All endpoints were achieved. Repeat ablations were required in three patients. Second ablation was due to typical atrial flutter (n = 1) and atrial fibrillation (n = 2). One patient required three ablations due to a left atrial macroreentrant tachycardia. During a mean follow‐up of 15.5 ± 4.8 months, 7/8 patients were free of ATa recurrences. Conclusion: Incomplete lesions after non‐“cut and sew” maze operation are associated with PV conduction and recurrence of ATas. Electrical isolation of ipsilateral PVs and completion of linear lesions guided by 3‐D EA mapping is feasible and successful in maintaining sinus rhythm during mid term follow‐up. Completeness of linear lesions using EP endpoints should be confirmed during the initial surgical procedure to minimize ATa recurrences.
Postmortem Interrogation and Retrieval of Implantable Pacemakers and Defibrillators: A Survey of Morticians and Patients
Authors: KIRKPATRICK JAMES N. , GHANI SYED N. , BURKE MARTIN C. , KNIGHT BRADLEY P. 
Published: February 2007

Introduction: Recent recalls of pacemakers and defibrillators cast a spotlight on product reliability. Universal postmortem device analysis could yield valuable information, but little data exist on the rate and feasibility of device examinations following death. This study investigated how morticians manage pacemakers and defibrillators and surveyed morticians and device patients regarding routine postmortem device interrogation and explantation. Methods and Results: Seventy‐one morticians were surveyed on device interrogation and explantation practices. One hundred fifty patients presenting for routine device interrogation were interviewed regarding preferences for what should be done with devices postmortem and willingness to execute “device advance directives” authorizing analysis and retrieval. The average number of devices annually explanted per mortician was 7 ± 10 (range = 1 to 50). The most common methods of disposal were placement in medical waste (44%) and donation for human reimplantation in developing nations (18%). Only 4% of morticians reported ever returning devices to manufacturers, but 87% agreed that routine explantation and return of devices to manufacturers would be feasible. Eighty‐seven percent of device patients had no understanding of how their device would be handled after death. However, a majority (82%) indicated a willingness to have their device interrogated after death, and most (79%) were willing to have it returned to manufacturers. Willingness was not associated with age, sex, time since device implantation, or device type. Conclusions: Implantable pacemakers and defibrillators are rarely analyzed after patients die. Systematic postmortem device retrieval appears feasible and acceptable to morticians and patients. Further efforts are needed to implement universal postmortem device evaluation.
Biochemical evidence of myocardial fibrosis in veteran endurance athletes
Authors: Lindsay M Mitchell , Dunn Francis G 
Published: February 2007

Background:Studies on exercise-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in veteran athletes suggest the presence of abnormal diastolic filling and incomplete regression of LVH on cessation of exercise.Hypothesis:Myocardial fibrosis occurs in exercise induced LVH in veteran athletes.Aim:To document non-invasively the presence of fibrosis in veteran athletesDesign:Prospective case–control study.Setting:City centre district general hospital.Participants:45 normotensive elite veteran athletes and 45 normal sedentary subjects.Interventions:Echocardiographic assessment was made of LV mass, LV systolic and LV diastolic function. Plasma carboxyterminal propeptide of collagen type I (PICP), carboxyterminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CITP) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase type I (TIMP-1) were measured as markers of collagen synthesis, degradation and inhibition of degradation, respectively.Results:Veteran athletes had significant elevation in LV dimensions and calculated LV mass index (LVMI). Diastolic and systolic function was normal. Plasma PICP (259 vs 166 μg/l, p<0.001), CITP (5.4 vs 2.9 μg/l, p<0.001) and TIMP-1 (350 vs 253 ng/ml, p = 0.01) were elevated in the cohort of athletes. There was a further elevation of TIMP-1 in athletes with echocardiographic LVH, defined as an LVMI >130 g/m2(417 vs 266 ng/ml, p = 0.02).Conclusion:There is biochemical evidence of disruption of the collagen equilibrium favouring fibrosis in veteran athletes with LVH. This may suggest that fibrosis occurs as part of the hypertrophic process in veteran athletes.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HAND GRIP STRENGTH AND HAND BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN CHILDREN WITH INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Okumus Muyesser , Okumus Nurullah , Gokoglu Figen , Yorgancioglu Z. Rezan , Tasar M. Aysin , Dallar Yildiz 
Published: February 2007

We thought that grip strength in patients with IDDM would be associated with hand BMD of patients and we thought that patients with IDDM have lower hand BMD than normal subjects.Therefore in this study, the evaluation of the relationship between hand grip strength and hand bone mineral density in healthy children and in children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus was studied. The hand grip strength, hand and axial bone mineral density of patients were also compared to age-matched healthy controls.We studied 31 consecutive outpatients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus defined in accordance to the World Health Organization criteria, who attended to the diabetic outpatient clinic. Thirty two healthy children were included as control group.There were no differences in the age, body mass index, bone age, serum Ca and P levels between the diabetic patients and the controls (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in hand grip strength, total hand and axial bone mineral density (p > 0.05). There were significant correlations between hand grip strength and hand bone mineral density r = 0.824, p = 0.000), axial bone mineral density (r = 0.714, p = 0.000), bone age (r = 0.830, p = 0.000) and duration of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in the diabetic group (r = 0.463, p = 0.009).When linear multiple regression analysis was performed hand grip strength and bone age were independent predictors of hand BMD (p < 0.05).We found that hand grip strength significantly correlated with the hand and axial bone mineral density in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. We suggest that strengthening exercises should be encouraged to increase bone mineral density in these patients.
Aberrant Expression of X-Linked Genes RbAp46, Rsk4, and Cldn2 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Thakur Archana , Rahman KM Wahidur , Wu Jack , Bollig Aliccia , Biliran Hector , Lin Xiukun , Nassar Hind , Grignon David J. , Sarkar Fazlul H. , Liao Joshua D. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The consequence of activation status or gain/loss of an X-chromosome in terms of the expression of tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes in breast cancer has not been clearly addressed. In this study, we investigated the activation status of the X-chromosomes in a panel of human breast cancer cell lines, human breast carcinoma, and adjacent mammary tissues and a panel of murine mammary epithelial sublines ranging from low to high invasive potentials. Results show that most human breast cancer cell lines were homozygous, but both benign cell lines were heterozygous for highly polymorphic X-loci (IDS and G6PD). On the other hand, 60% of human breast carcinoma cases were heterozygous for either IDS or G6PD markers. Investigation of the activation status of heterozygous cell lines revealed the presence of only one active X-chromosome, whereas most heterozygous human breast carcinoma cases had two active X-chromosomes. Furthermore, we determined whether or not an additional active X-chromosome affects expression levels of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Reverse transcription-PCR data show high expression of putative tumor suppressor genes Rsk4 and RbAp46 in 47% and 79% of breast carcinoma cases, respectively, whereas Cldn2 was down-regulated in 52% of breast cancer cases compared with normal adjacent tissues. Consistent with mRNA expression, immunostaining for these proteins also showed a similar pattern. In conclusion, our data suggest that high expression of RbAp46 is likely to have a role in the development or progression of human breast cancer. The activation status of the X-chromosome may influence the expression levels of X-linked oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(2):171–81)
Induction of Tumorigenesis and Metastasis by the Murine Orthologue of Tumor Protein D52
Authors: Lewis Jennifer D. , Payton Laura A. , Whitford Jill G. , Byrne Jennifer A. , Smith David I. , Yang LiBang , Bright Robert K. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Expression studies have consistently identified tumor protein D52 (TPD52) overexpression in tumor cells. Murine TPD52 (mD52) shares 86% identity with the human orthologue. To study a possible role for TPD52 in transformation, 3T3 fibroblasts were transfected with the full-length cDNA for mD52. Expression of mD52 was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis compared with 3T3 and vector-transfected 3T3 (3T3.V), and the resultant cell line was designated 3T3.mD52. At 4 weeks, 3T3.mD52 gained a 2-fold increase in growth rate, lost contact inhibition, and exhibited a marked phenotype change. Further characterization revealed an acquired ability for anchorage-independent cell growth. To determine whether 3T3.mD52 had become tumorigenic, naïve, healthy, immunocompetent syngeneic mice were inoculated subcutaneously with varying cell doses. Tumors measuring &gt;1 cm2 were detected 60 days postinoculation with 3T3.mD52, and a 50% subcutaneous tumor incidence was obtained with as few as 5 × 105 3T3.mD52 cells. Remarkably, when lungs from 3T3.mD52 tumor-bearing mice were analyzed, numerous tumor nodules were observed, ranging from nodules less than 10 to nodules too numerous to count (inoculation with 1 × 105 and 5 × 106 cells, respectively). Further support for the metastatic capacity of 3T3.mD52 was the demonstration that transforming growth factor (TGF)-βR1 (receptor) expression decreased and TGF-β1 secretion increased in 3T3.mD52 compared with 3T3 controls. cDNA microarray analysis showed a gene expression pattern that further supported mD52-induced transformation and metastasis. Together, these data suggest that mD52 expression in 3T3 cells initiated cellular transformation, tumorigenesis, and progression to metastasis. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(2):133–44)
Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH Kinase or RAS Pathway Mutations in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Hollestelle Antoinette , Elstrodt Fons , Nagel Jord H.A. , Kallemeijn Wouter W. , Schutte Mieke 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K) and RAS signaling pathways are important events in tumor formation. This is illustrated by the frequent genetic alteration of several key players from these pathways in a wide variety of human cancers. Here, we report a detailed sequence analysis of the PTEN, PIK3CA, KRAS, HRAS, NRAS, and BRAF genes in a collection of 40 human breast cancer cell lines. We identified a surprisingly large proportion of cell lines with mutations in the PI3K or RAS pathways (54% and 25%, respectively), with mutants for each of the six genes. The PIK3CA, KRAS, and BRAF mutation spectra of the breast cancer cell lines were similar to those of colorectal cancers. Unlike in colorectal cancers, however, mutational activation of the PI3K pathway was mutually exclusive with mutational activation of the RAS pathway in all but 1 of 30 mutant breast cancer cell lines (P = 0.001). These results suggest that there is a fine distinction between the signaling activators and downstream effectors of the oncogenic PI3K and RAS pathways in breast epithelium and those in other tissues. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(2):195–201)
Lysophosphatidic Acid Down-Regulates Stress Fibers and Up-Regulates Pro–Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activation in Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Do Thuy-Vy , Symowicz Jay C. , Berman David M. , Liotta Lance A. , Petricoin Emanuel F. , Stack M. Sharon , Fishman David A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is asymptomatic at early stages and is often diagnosed late when tumor cells are highly metastatic. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has been implicated in ovarian oncogenesis as levels of this lipid are elevated in patient ascites and plasma. Because the underlying mechanism governing LPA regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activation remains undefined, we investigated the relationship between LPA-induced changes in actin microfilament organization and MMP-2 enzymatic activity. We report that when cells were cultured at a high density, LPA mediated stress fiber and focal adhesion disassembly and significantly repressed RhoA activity in EOC cells. Inhibition of Rho-kinase/ROCK enhanced both LPA-stimulated loss of stress fibers and pro–MMP-2 activation. In contrast, expression of the constitutively active RhoA(G14V) mutant diminished LPA-induced pro–MMP-2 activation. LPA had no effects on membrane type 1–MMP or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 expression, but up-regulated MMP-2 levels, contributing to the induction of MMP-2 activation. Interestingly, when cells were cultured at a low density, stress fibers were present after LPA stimulation, and ROCK activity was required for EOC cell migration. Collectively, these results were consistent with a model in which LPA stimulates the metastatic dissemination of EOC cells by initiating loss of adhesion and metalloproteinase activation. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(2):121–31)
Threats to the ocean: on the role of ecosystem approaches to fisheries
Authors: Christensen Villy , Aiken Karl A. , Villanueva Maria C. 
Published: February 2007

English It is becoming increasingly clear that humans impact marine ecosystems and their biodiversity to a very considerate degree, and evidence of the scale of impact is growing. An enabling factor for this has been a change in focus from local-level studies to increased emphasis on meta-analysis of global or regional-level analysis of fisheries' impact. Results include the facts that the world's total fish catches have been decreasing over the last decade or more; that larger, predatory fishes (table fish) are becoming increasingly scarcer; and that we are appropriating the ocean shelves' primary productivity to the same level as we are for terrestrial ecosystems. Ecosystems are being eroded in countries throughout the world, and though one might get the impression from the IUCN Red List that it is mainly a developed-country problem, it is alarming that the impact of severe overfishing may be on an even larger scale for developing countries. We describe aspects of the risks overfishing poses to marine ecosystems, and point out how ecosystem approaches to fisheries can be used to evaluate the potential impact of alternative fishing policy scenarios. French Il devient de plus en plus clair que les activités humaines altèrent les écosystèmes marins et leur biodiversité à un degré considérable, et les preures de l'échelle des impacts anthropiques s'accumulent. Un des facteurs déterminants de cette prise de conscience réside dans le changement d'échelle des études de l'impact des pêches qui sont passées d'un niveau local à un niveau global ou régional au travers d'études de type méta-analyse. Les résultats obtenus les plus évocateurs incluent le fait que la totalité des captures mondiales de poissons a diminué pendant la dernière décennie ou plus; que les grands prédateurs (l'essentiel des poissons "de table") deviennent de plus en plus rares; et que nous nous approprions la productivité primaire des plateaux continentaux au même titre que nous nous sommes appropriés celle des écosystèmes terrestres. Les écosystèmes sont érodés dans les pays du monde entier, et bien que la liste rouge de l'IUCN laisse penser que c'est principalement le problème des pays développés, il est alarmant de constater que l'impact de la surpêche excessive pourrait être une échelle bien plus grande encore pour les pays en voie de développement. Nous décrivons certains aspects des risques que pose la surpêche pour les écosystèmes marins, et mettons en exergue comment l'approche écosystémique des pêches peut être employée pour évaluer l'impact potentiel de scénarios alternatifs de règlementation des pêches.
Modelling sustainability: from applied to involved modeling
Authors: Laloë Francis 
Published: February 2007

English Models are used as tools for studying sustainable development. They are a priori neutral, but this neutrality can be upset if the analysis of observations done to answer questions in reference to a given a priori definition of sustainability leads to the identification of sustainability contexts that do not correspond to the initial definition. The practice of actors may for example involve substitution between elements of a natural capital, which may not be in agreement with a strong definition of sustainability. Therefore we may have to consider the need for transition from a prescriptive to a descriptive approach. The context of modelling depends on the object we want to be preserved (what we observe). If this object is a resource-exploitation system, the perception of sustainability comes from observation of the system. The observation process may have been initiated by a mono-disciplinary question, but, sustainability being dependent on an object which must be described, no unique definition can be proposed. The definition and perception of sustainability are themselves processes to which modelling sciences may have to contribute. French Des modèles sont utilisés comme outils dans le contexte des études sur le développement durable. Ils sont a priori neutres, mais cette neutralité peut être mise à mal si des analyses d'observations réalisées pour répondre à des questions posées en référence à une définition donnée de durabilité conduisent à identifier des contextes de durabilité qui ne correspondent pas nécessairement à la définition initialement adoptée. La pratique d'acteurs peut ainsi par exemple reposer sur des substitutions entre éléments d'un capital naturel, ce qui peut ne pas correspondre à une définition très forte de la durabilité. Dans ces conditions on peut discuter du passage d'une approche prescriptive à une approche descriptive. La question du choix d'un contexte de modélisation dépend de l'objet que l'on veut préserver (ce que l'on observe). S'il s'agit d'un système d'exploitation d'une ressource, la perception de la durabilité découle de l'observation du système. Le processus d'observation a pu être initié selon une définition a priori associée à un questionnement souvent "mono-disciplinaire", mais la durabilité étant inféodée à un objet qu'il faut représenter, on ne peut en proposer une définition unique. La définition et la perception de la durabilité sont des processus auxquels les sciences de modélisation peuvent être amenées à contribuer