bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations of functional brain activity and connectivity in female nurses working on long‐term shift
Authors: Dong Yujie , Wu Xiaohong , Dong Yuqin , Li Yuwei , Qiu Ke 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the alterations of functional brain activity and connectivity in female nurses working on long‐term shifts and explore their correlations with work‐related psychological traits.DesignAn exploratory cross‐sectional study.MethodsThirty‐five female nurses working on long‐term shifts (shift nurses) and 35 female nurses working on fixed days (fixed nurses) were enrolled. After assessing the work‐related psychological traits, including burnout, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression of nurses, the fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and region of interest (ROI)‐based functional connectivity (FC) analyses were performed to investigate the differences of brain spontaneous activity and functional connectivity between these two groups of nurses. Thereafter, correlations between the functional brain parameters (fALFF and FC) and clinical metrics were investigated among the shift nurses.ResultsCompared to fixed nurses, shift nurses had higher burnout, perceived stress and depression scores, lower fALFF in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), left and right superior parietal lobule (SPL), bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and higher fALFF in the right superior/middle temporal gyrus, as well as decreased FC between the right dlPFC (the selected ROI) and bilateral ACC, left and right inferior frontal/orbitofrontal gyrus (IFG/IOFG), right SPL, and left middle occipital gyrus (voxel‐level p < 0.001, cluster level p < 0.05, GRF correction). Correlation analyses demonstrated that the fALFF value of the right dlPFC was significantly correlated with the burnout and anxiety scores, the FC value of the right dlPFC‐right SPL was correlated with the perceived stress and burnout scores, the FC value of the right dlPFC‐right IFG/IOFG was correlated with the burnout score in shift nurses (p < 0.05).ConclusionShift nurses had work‐related altered functional activity and connectivity in the right frontoparietal network, which provided objective and visualised evidence to clarify the hazards of long‐term shift work on female nurses.Patient or Public ContributionSeventy nurses participated deeply as subjects in this study. These findings are expected to draw managers' attention to the harmful influences of shift work on nurses.
The preparation of children for day surgery from the parent's viewpoint: A mixed methods study
Authors: Kerimaa Heli , Hakala Mervi , Haapea Marianne , Serlo Willy , Pölkki Tarja 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThe purpose of the study was to describe the preparation of children for day surgery from the parent's viewpoint.DesignEmpirical Research Mixed Method.MethodsThe research applied a mixed‐methods study design. The study was conducted at the Paediatric Day Surgical Department of one REDACTED between 2018 and 2020 at the same time as an associated randomised controlled conduct trial. Parents of 41 children (ages 2–6 years) completed measures assessing their preparation for day surgery and satisfaction with the procedure. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 15 parents to better understand their experiences.ResultsAccording to the results, most of the parents (95%) told their children about the upcoming day surgery procedure. The child was prepared for the surgery with cognitive and sensory information, and the preparation usually started at home well before the surgery. The parents' experiences with the most critical aspects of preparing their child included three main categories: (1) usability of the preparation method; (2) content and timing of the preparation method and (3) consideration of the family perspective.
Efficacy and safety of azacitidine in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed advanced myelodysplastic syndromes before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the AZA‐JMML‐001 trial
Authors: Locatelli Franco , Strålin Karin Belander , Schmid Irene , Sevilla Julián , Smith Owen P. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Zecca Marco , Zwaan Christian M. , Gaudy Allison , Patturajan Meera , Poon Jennifer , Simcock Mathew , Niemeyer Charlotte M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHere we report efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety data obtained in treatment‐naive, pediatric patients with newly diagnosed advanced MDS receiving azacitidine in the AZA‐JMML‐001 study. The primary endpoint was response rate (proportion of patients with complete response [CR], partial response [PR], or marrow CR, sustained for ≥4 weeks). Of the 10 patients enrolled, one had an unconfirmed marrow CR and none had confirmed responses after three cycles; the study was therefore closed after stage 1. Azacitidine was well tolerated. The lack of efficacy of azacitidine in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed advanced MDS highlights the need for effective new treatments in these patients.
Segregation and well‐being in Sweden: Geographies of well and ill‐being
Authors: Westra Gijs Harm 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWell‐being is rarely considered in studies of residential segregation. This paper explores the spatial distribution of well‐being and its relationship to various forms of residential segregation. External well‐being indices are obtained for Swedish individuals through register data. The mean well‐being of 13 scales of bespoke neighbourhoods is classified into 12 clusters. Similar to previous findings, a strongly polarised pattern of neighbourhood well‐being is found. Neighbourhood well‐being is found to strongly correlate with more traditional measures of segregation. Areas in cities found in more traditional segregation studies have lower well‐being. Half of the working population lives in areas that have homogenised levels of well‐being; 14% live in a well‐being‐deprived neighbourhood. Low‐scoring areas are deprived in most well‐being dimensions, while middle and high‐scoring neighbourhoods vary in the domains they excel in. The paper is one of the first to connect segregation studies to explore the causes of the spatial sorting of well‐being. Moreover, it is one of the few that explores well‐being on scales below the regional level.
Differential effects of subject‐based and integrated curriculum approaches on students' learning outcomes: A review of reviews
Authors: Kreijkes Pia , Greatorex Jackie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere is no general agreement about the best way of organising the curriculum. Debates often pitch a subject‐based curriculum against an integrated curriculum although there is great variation among integrated approaches. Numerous claims have been made regarding the comparative merits of different approaches, but many scholars have noted the lack of a strong evidence base to support these. This article reports a review of reviews to examine how the learning outcomes of students following more subject‐based or more integrated curriculum approaches compare based on empirical research that uses control groups. The literature from 1990 to mid‐2022 was systematically searched. A final sample of nine reviews was included and critically appraised using the AMSTAR 2. The evaluation found that all reviews were of critically low quality. Within the reviews, relatively few primary studies concerned the primary school or secondary school level and had control groups. There was variation in outcomes reported between studies, but these tended to either find positive effects of integrated approaches or no differences between groups. Very few primary studies found detrimental effects of interventions involving integrated approaches. Various methodological issues as well as complexities of integration need to be considered when interpreting the findings. Overall, we conclude that based on the limitations of the current evidence, neither strictly subject‐based nor more integrated approaches can be regarded as superior for students' learning outcomes. Implications for theory, research and practice are discussed.Context and implicationsRationale for this studyThere is a need for understanding the current evidence for comparative effects of subject‐based and integrated curriculum approaches on students' learning experiences and outcomes.Why the new findings matterThe findings can inform the long‐lasting, international debates regarding the best ways of structuring the curriculum.Implications for practitioners, curriculum designers and researchersThis review of reviews demonstrates that it is crucial for all stakeholders to move away from the false dichotomy of ‘subjects’ versus ‘integration’ and to recognise the various ways in which subjects can be integrated. Based on the reviewed evidence, neither strictly subject‐based nor integrated approaches are superior for students' learning. A well‐implemented approach drawing on the best of both worlds is likely required in practice, but more research is needed to explore this. The findings can inform researchers about what studies are needed to move the debate forward, including studies that use adequate control groups and consider affective outcomes.
Atomic Imaging of Multi‐Dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper Interfaces in Lead‐Halide Perovskites
Authors: Liu Yusheng , Liu Suya , Xu Liang , Ma Mengmeng , Zhang Xuliang , Chen Xiao , Wei Fei , Song Bin , Cheng Tao , Yuan Jianyu , Shen Boyuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRuddlesden–Popper (RP) interface with defined stacking structure will fundamentally influence the optoelectronic performances of lead‐halide perovskite (LHP) materials and devices. However, it remains challenging to observe the atomic local structures in LHPs, especially for multi‐dimensional RP interface hidden inside the nanocrystal. In this work, the advantages of two imaging modes in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), including high‐angle annular dark field (HAADF) and integrated differential phase contrast (iDPC) STEM, are successfully combined to study the bulk and local structures of inorganic and organic/inorganic hybrid LHP nanocrystals. Then, the multi‐dimensional RP interfaces in these LHPs are atomically resolved with clear gap and blurred transition region, respectively. In particular, the complex interface by the RP stacking in 3D directions can be analyzed in 2D projected image. Finally, the phase transition, ion missing, and electronic structures related to this interface are investigated. These results provide real‐space evidence for observing and analyzing atomic multi‐dimensional RP interfaces, which may help to better understand the structure‐property relation of LHPs, especially their complex local structures.
Long‐term cardiovascular assessment of women with previous pregnancy complicated by hypertensive disorder
Authors: Dimopoulou S. , Neculcea D. , Papastefanou I. , Galan A. , Nicolaides K. H. , Charakida M. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesWomen with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) are at increased risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease later in life. However, from previous studies, it is difficult to define whether this association reflects pre‐existing maternal cardiovascular risk or a potentially causal relationship between HDP and later cardiovascular risk. In this study, we performed detailed cardiovascular assessment in women in midgestation, prior to development of HDP, and at 2 years postpartum, aiming to identify cardiovascular changes prior to development of HDP and to assess persistent cardiovascular alterations long after the HDP event.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study in which we performed detailed cardiovascular assessment in midgestation and at a median of 2.3 (interquartile range, 2.1–2.4) years postpartum. We examined 112 women who developed HDP and 451 women whose pregnancy was not complicated by hypertension. We used conventional and more advanced (i.e. speckle tracking) echocardiographic techniques to determine accurately left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. We used M‐mode measurements to determine left ventricular remodeling and estimate left ventricular mass. Maternal vascular status was assessed using ophthalmic artery Doppler and by calculating peak systolic velocity (PSV) ratio, as a marker of peripheral vascular resistance.ResultsIn midgestation, women who subsequently developed HDP had increased ophthalmic artery PSV ratio. These women also had mild cardiac functional and morphological alterations, which were accounted for mostly by maternal cardiovascular risk factors. At 2 years postpartum, women who had experienced HDP, compared to those who did not, had cardiovascular abnormalities with reduction in left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, which remained after multivariable analysis. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that the evolution of cardiovascular changes in the HDP and non‐HDP groups was similar.ConclusionsMild cardiac functional and morphological alterations precede the development of HDP and such changes persist for at least 2 years postpartum. The cardiac changes are likely to be the consequence of pre‐existing maternal cardiovascular risk factors rather than an adverse consequence of HDP. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Comparative study of fresh phosphogypsum treatment by sulfuric acid and neutralization with NaOH and CO2
Authors: Phuong Dang Ngoc , Chi Ngo Kim , Lam Tran Dai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe newly formed, fresh phosphogypsum (PG) at the filter cake of the Dinh Vu Diamoni photphate DAP fertilizer factory was studied and treated with dilute sulfuric acid. The impurities were removed by sulfuric acid treatment and the carbonatation by NaOH and CO2 to create calcium carbonate. The results showed that fresh PG at filter cake contained the P2O5 total of 1.38%, and the phosphorus pentoxides effectively were removed at 69.32%. The acid‐treated PG was neutralized by NaOH and CO2 aeration, creating CaCO3 in situ nano‐microparticles identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and CaCO3 intensity by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). In this study, the cement mortar test, which used treated PG from both sulfuric treatment and NaOH neutralization within CO2 aeration, has better compressive strength properties and hydration supported by SEM images, XRD results, and thermogravimetric analysis.
Chemical constituents of Syzygium cerasiforme leaves and their nitric oxide inhibitory activity in LPS‐activated RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Ninh Bui Hai , Dung Duong Thi , Van Tuyen Nguyen , Tai Bui Huu , Van Kiem Phan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA phytochemical study of the methanolic extract of Syzygium cerasiforme leaves led to the isolation of seven compounds (1–7). Their chemical structures were identified as benzyl‐6ʹ‐O‐galloyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (1), 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenol 1‐O‐β‐D‐(6ʹ‐O‐galloyl)‐glucopyranoside (2), betulonic acid (3), 3‐epi‐betulinic acid (4), 7α‐methoxy‐stigmast‐5‐en‐3β‐ol (5), dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (6), and secoisolariciresinol (7), by HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D‐ and 2D NMR spectra, and by comparison with the previously published data. Compounds 1–7 exhibited NO production inhibitory activity in LPS‐activated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values of 33.17, 25.51, 51.09, 54.17, 39.54, 6.98, and 58.12 µm, respectively, compared to that of the positive control compound, L‐NMMA, which showed an IC50 of 32.5 µm. This is the first report on these compounds from S. cerasiforme.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation studies of novel thiophene substituted thiazolidinones scaffold as promising antimicrobial agents
Authors: Godhani Dinesh R. , Mehta Umang P. , Mehta Jignasu P. , Saiyad Anwar H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlobal public health is profoundly imperiled by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and has made it extremely difficult to effectively control infectious diseases which are connected to it, so a new series of 5‐benzylidene‐2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐3‐(4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)thiazolidin‐4‐ones (5a–o) is synthesized. Spectral techniques have been utilized to characterize and confirm the structures of targeted molecules. The outcomes are to be compared with typical drugs given that compounds are examined against gram‐positive and gram‐negative strains of bacteria and fungus. Against bacterial strains, products with nitro, methyl, and bromo substituents in the p‐position of the benzene ring, as well as products with the nitro group at the m‐position, showed very excellent activities against bacterial strains, while compounds with chloro substituent at p‐position and m‐position demonstrated good activity against the fungal strains Aspergillus niger and Fusarium javanicum.
Investigating the photosensitized reaction of methylene blue with toluidines: A spectroscopic and kinetic analysis
Authors: Trivedi Pranav , Pand Umeshchandra , Sharma Kuldeep , Sharma Chandramauly 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe photosensitized reaction of isomeric Toluidines was investigated in an alkaline medium under visible light, utilizing methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer. The reaction starts with an exciplex forming between nitrogen and the dye, and when it is exposed for a while, it breaks apart, creating photoproducts. UV–visible spectroscopy was used to study the reaction. To see how oxygen affects it, the reaction was conducted without oxygen, and methanol was added to check if it removes harmful particles. Additionally, factors like pH, the amount of dye, the amount of the substance under study, and the brightness of the light were examined for their impact on the reaction rate. The efficiency of the reaction in using light was calculated. Finally, a possible explanation of how the reaction works was formulated in the proposed mechanism.
CLPC1 protein inhibition, antimycobacterial, and anti‐inflammatory properties of the metabolite from Streptomyces wuyuanensis collected in Nghe An province, Vietnam
Authors: Ni Huynh Thi Ngoc , Ninh Pham Thi , Dung Nguyen Thi , Van Chien Tran , Uyen Nguyen Quynh , Anh Ho Ngoc , Suh Joo‐Won , Cheng Jinhua , Thao Nguyen Kim Nu , Duc Nguyen Minh , Thao Tran Thi Phuong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStreptomyces wuyuanensis A79 was isolated from the soil samples collected in Quynh Luong mangrove forest, Quynh Luu district, Nghe An province, Vietnam. This strain demonstrated antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis. Compound 1 (indole‐3‐carboxylic acid) was isolated from the culture extract of S. wuyuanensis (A79). This compound displayed the affection of ATPase activity of the recombinant ClpC1 protein, a regulatory protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, compound 1 exhibited anti‐inflammatory activity through the inhibition of TNF‐α on LPS‐stimulated macrophage RAW264.7. This is the first time compound 1 (indole‐3‐carboxylic acid) has been isolated from S. wuyuanensis. Indole‐3‐carboxylic acid was also reported for the first time its inhibition of M. tuberculosis ClpC1 protein.
Reporting Standards, Certification/Accreditation, and Reproducibility
Authors: Simon Gyorgy , Aliferis Constantin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter covers the interrelated topics of (a) enhancing the quality, safety and reproducibility of clinical AI/ML via reporting standards frameworks; (b) recent efforts for accrediting health care provider organizations for AI readiness and maturity; (c) professional certification; and (d) education and related accreditation in the space of educational programs of data science and biomedical informatics specific to AI/ML.
Synthesis of Recommendations, Open Problems and the Study of BPs
Authors: Aliferis Constantin , Simon Gyorgy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter assembles a list of all best practices (BPs), and pitfalls, discussed in the previous chapters. These are codified in a single hierarchical structure and assistive checklists intended to make them operationally useful. We differentiate between macro-, meso- and micro-levels of pitfalls and corresponding best practices-roughly corresponding to high-level principles, concrete differentiations of the above and granular/detailed tools and techniques for implementation. The recommended BPs are cross-referenced across the volume and key corresponding literature and other sources. Several open problems remain and the evolution of BPs for biomedical AI/ML is certain to become in the years to come a field of inquiry with explosive growth and value.
Foundations and Properties of AI/ML Systems
Authors: Aliferis Constantin , Simon Gyorgy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe chapter provides a broad introduction to the foundations of health AI and ML systems and is organized as follows: (1) Theoretical properties and formal vs. heuristic systems: computability, incompleteness theorem, space and time complexity, exact vs. asymptotic complexity, complexity classes and how to establish complexity of problems even in the absence of known algorithms that solve them, problem complexity vs. algorithm and program complexity, and various other properties. Moreover, we discuss the practical implications of complexity for system tractability, the folly of expecting Moore’s Law and large-scale computing to solve intractable problems, and common techniques for creating tractable systems that operate in intractable problem spaces. We also discuss the distinction between heuristic and formal systems and show that they exist on a continuum rather than in separate spaces. (2) Foundations of AI including logics and logic based systems (rule based systems, semantic networks, planning systems search, NLP parsers), symbolic vs. non-symbolic AI, Reasoning with Uncertainty, Decision Making theory, Bayesian Networks, and AI/ML programming languages. (3) Foundations of Computational Learning Theory: ML as search, ML as geometrical construction and function optimization, role of inductive biases, PAC learning, VC dimension, Theory of Feature Selection, Theory of Causal Discovery. Optimal Bayes Classifier, No Free Lunch Theorems, Universal Function Approximation, generative vs. discriminative models; Bias-Variance Decomposition of error and essential concepts of mathematical statistics.
The Development Process and Lifecycle of Clinical Grade and Other Safety and Performance-Sensitive AI/ML Models
Authors: Aliferis Constantin , Simon Gyorgy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the notion of “clinical-grade” and other sensitive, mission-critical models and contrasts such models with more fault-tolerant feasibility, exploratory, or pre-clinical ones. The steps outlined span from requirements engineering to deployment and monitoring and also emphasize a number of contextual factors determining success such as clinical and health economic considerations. AI’s “knowledge cliff” is discussed and the need to operationalize AI/ML “self-awareness” and overcome its limitations to ensure generality and safe use. This chapter introduces many core pitfalls and best practices. The overarching concepts, pitfalls and BPs of the chapter will be elaborated further and implementation will be presented across the book and especially in chapters “Foundations and Properties of AI/ML Systems,” “An Appraisal and Operating Characteristics of Major ML Methods Applicable in Healthcare and Health Science,” “Foundations of Causal ML”, “Model Selection and Evaluation”, and in chapter “Overfitting, Underfitting and General Model Overconfidence and Under-Performance Pitfalls and Best Practices in Machine Learning and AI”.
Data Preparation, Transforms, Quality, and Management
Authors: Johnson Steven G. , Simon Gyorgy , Aliferis Constantin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractData preparation and feature engineering transform source data elements into a form that can be used by analytic and machine learning methods. Raw source data elements are transformed into data design features that are specified in the data design through an iterative process of mapping data elements to concepts, value sets, and phenotype expressions. Data that meet the data design criteria are extracted into a data mart where the quality of the data can be assessed. Once data are of sufficient quality and meet expectations, ML features are developed for use in machine learning models.