bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of metabolic profile of normal and keratoconus corneas using HR MAS 1HNMR spectroscopy and HPLC
Authors: KRYCZKA T , EHLERS N , MIDELFART A 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study is to examine possible differences in the metabolic profile between keratoconus and normal corneas. Methods Samples of corneas with keratoconus were obtained during the transplantation surgery from 3 patients (age: 22‐27 years). The control corneal tissues were excised during enucleating of eyes with malign melanoma in the retina from 4 patients (age: 65‐72 years). The samples were immediately frozen at ‐80 ºC. The metabolic profiles of the samples were investigated either with HR MAS (High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning) 1H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy (14.1 T) operating at 600.132 MHz and HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). All data obtained with both methods were analysed using special software for: (i) analysis of complex mixtures, (ii) principal component analysis – PCA, (iii) detailed statistical analysis. Results In all samples, 9 amino acids were detected with HPLC, and 19 metabolites (including amino acids) with HR MAS 1H NMR spectroscopy, respectively. PCA analysis of NMR spectra showed no grouping pattern between the keratoconus and control samples. Detailed analysis of data obtained with NMR spectroscopy and with HPLC revealed no significant differences in amino acid profiles between keratoconus and control corneas. Conclusion The study presents metabolic profiles of human cornea examined with new approach combining NMR spectroscopy and HPLC. Significant differences in the metabolic profiles of corneas with keratoconus and healthy corneas examined with both methods were not revealed. Small number of samples analysed in this study represents a limitation of the results, and further investigation will be performed to focus on particular metabolites.
The roles of T and natural killer cells in a pig‐to‐mouse corneal xenotransplantation
Authors: OH JY , KWON JW , HAN ER , WEE WR , LEE JH , KIM MK 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To determine the role of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in mediating corneal xenograft rejection of a pig‐to‐mouse model. Methods Pig corneas were orthotopically transplanted to C57BL/6, Balb/c‐nu and CB.17 SCID mice with or without NK depletion. NK cells were depleted by an intraperitoneal injection of anti‐NK1.1 mAb three days before and one day after transplantation. Graft survival was clinically assessed by slit‐lamp microscopy, and median survival times (MST) were calculated. The rejected grafts were histologically evaluated. Results The pig corneal xenografts were acutely rejected by C57BL/6 mice (MST 7.00±0.61 days), while Balb/c‐nu and CB.17 SCID mice rejected pig corneas in more delayed fashion (MST 14.00±0.77 and 15.00±0.58 days, respectively). NK depletion failed to a further prolongation of the pig corneal xenograft survival in Balb/c‐nu mice. The rejected grafts in C57BL/6 mice were heavily infiltrated with inflammatory cells, the majority of which were macrophages. Many CD4+ T cells were observed, but either CD8+ T cells or NK cells were rarely found. In contrast, the grafts in Balb/c‐nu mice had markedly decreased inflammatory infiltration with small amounts of macrophages and CD4+ T cells, and the infiltration was further reduced in CB.17 SCID mice. Conclusion Acute rejection of the pig corneal xenografts in mice is not solely a consequence of an adaptive immunity although CD4+ T cells play an important role in the graft rejection. Other innate immune effectors than NK cells seem to be involved in the rejection of a pig‐to‐mouse corneal xenotransplantation.
Tear meniscus height and lipid layer pattern in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis patients outside the season
Authors: HAGYO K , VERES A , FODOR E , LANG ZS , MEZEI GY , KRASZNAI M , CSAKANY B , NEMETH J 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose to exam whether the previously published tear film abnormalities in allergic season remain outside the season in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC). Methods Thirty seven subjects’ (21 female, 16 male, mean age 27.2 ± 6.5 years) right eye were examined. Twenty three normal subjects and 14 asymptomatic allergic patients with positive allergic prick test were examined outside the season. All allergic patients had allergic symptoms at least during two earlier ragweed seasons. The tear film lipid pattern and tear meniscus height (TMH) were determinate with Keeler Tearscope Plus. The lipid pattern and the tear meniscus were recorded five times in each subject after a blink and three independent observers evaluated the photos. The lipid pattern was graded according to the user manual of Keeler Tearscope Plus. The non invasive tear break time (NIBUT) was also measured. Results The mean TMH were 0.204 ± 0.048 and 0.234 ± 0.101 mm in normal and allergic patients, respectively. The lipid patterns were in normal range in control and allergic patients except 1 normal and 1 allergic participant. There were no significant differences in TMH and lipid patterns between allergic and control subjects. The mean NIBUT were 17.0 ± 8.4 and 21.5 ± 10.1 seconds in normal and allergic group, and did not correlate with TMH and lipid pattern. Conclusion Outside the ragweed season the patients with SAC had healthy tear film status similar to normal patients. The allergic ocular inflammation during the season did not induce traceable tear film abnormalities outside the season.
Occult traumatic nasolacrimal duct obstruction causing anophthalmic socket contraction presenting 20 years later
Authors: SAEDON H , CHEUNG D 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To highlight undiagnosed nasolacrimal duct obstruction as a cause of multiple problems related to conjunctival cicatrisation of the anophthalmic socket and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in their prevention. Methods Case report with high resolution digital clinical photography. Results We present a 43 year old Asian gentleman, who sustained penetrating trauma to the right globe and midface in 1984. At the time, he underwent primary repair of the globe, followed by enucleation. Over the next ten years, he suffered myriad problems with recurrent entropion and trichiasis of upper and lower lids, a dry socket with an uncomfortable artificial eye and chronic mucoid discharge. Twenty years later his initial diagnosis was revisited. On examination, he had a contracted socket with mucosal keratinisation, cicatricial entropion of the eyelids, forniceal shortening and mucoid discharge. There was also nasolacrimal duct obstruction with an occult mucoceole. He underwent external dacrocystorhinostomy with correction of the entropions and anophthalmic socket refashioning. He remains symptom free twelve months following surgery. Conclusion Contracted anophthalmic sockets can occur spontaneously or secondarily to a disease process. These may lead to changes in tear composition and have pro‐inflammatory effects on the ocular surface. We hypothesise that the chronic toxic tear film secondary to the mucocoele led to chronic conjunctivitis with cicatrisation over time and multiple structural lid & socket problems that ensued. This case highlights the importance of looking for occult causes of chronic cicatrisation in the anophthalmic socket.
The use of intralesional injection of 5 fluorouracil to induce regression of recurrent pterygium
Authors: RAHMAN I , JAYASWAL R , TINT NL , DUA HS , MAHARAJAN VS 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To investigate the benefit of intralesional injections of 5FU for the treatment of recurrent pterygium Methods Retrospective case note review of patients following surgical excision for pterygium identified 6 patients with recurrence treated with 0.1‐0.2ml (2.5‐5mg) of intralesional 5 FU post operatively. The time to recurrence, post recurrence injections, grade of pterygium pre and post treatment and time to regression were identified. Results The study group consisted of 5 male and 1 female patients, affecting 6 right eyes. 3 patients developed primary recurrence. The other 3 patients had previous surgery with recurrence followed by further surgical excision and repeat recurrence. The average grade of recurrence was 3.5. All 6 patients showed regression of the fibrovascular tissue following intralesional 5FU injections with an average dose of 0.1‐0.2 ml (2.5‐5mg). 5 patients required 3 injections or less for regression, whilst one patient required 14 post recurrence 5FU injections. The average grade following regression was 1.7. This level of regression was maintained at an average of 9 months follow‐up. No complications of 5FU were reported. Conclusion The use of 5FU for the treatment of recurrent pterygium is safe and effective in limiting both progression and inducing regression of recurrent pterygium.
Are Ocular Response Analyzer useful to measure corneal hysteresis in patients with intracorneal rings?
Authors: MENEZO ROZALEN JL , PERIS‐MARTINEZ C , ARTIGAS JM , DIEZ AJENJO M , FELIPE A 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Corneal hysteresis is a viscoelastic property characterized by the difference in behavior under loading and unloading. The aim of the study was to determine corneal hysteresis in different eyes: healthy eyes, keratoconic eyes and keratoconic eyes after intracorneal ring implants. Methods This study comprised 95 eyes of 59 patients. The study population was divided into 3 groups. We analyze 30 healthy human eyes, 35 keratoconic eyes (Amsler grade II‐III) and 30 keratoconic eyes after intracorneal rings implantation. Corneal biomechanical properties of these eyes were measured with the Ocular Response Analyser (ORA‐Reichert) according to two parameters: corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF. The unpaired T student test was used for statistical analysis. Results Mean CH and CRF in normal eyes (10.78 ± 1.6 (SD) mm Hg, 11.91 mm Hg ± 1.2) was clearly superior than in keratoconus group (8.01 ± 1.5 mm Hg, 7.32 ±1.8 mm Hg). However the difference of these parameters between keratoconus group without intracorneal rings and after corneal ring implantation (7.27mm Hg, 6.32 mm Hg) was not statistically significant (p ≤ 0.01). Mean follow‐up period was of one year. Conclusion Corneal hysteresis and CRF values were significantly lower in keratoconic eyes than in normal eyes. But there is no marked differences if we compare these two biomechanical parameters in keratoconic corneas, before and after corneal ring implants. Improvements in the software accuracy of the ORA devices are needed to characterize corneal biomechanics.
Assessment of visual outcomes of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK)
Authors: RAHMAN I , JAYASWAL R , DUA HS , MAHARAJAN VS 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To evaluate visual outcomes following Anwar's 'Big Bubble' technique for deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) Methods Retrospective Case note review of all patients who were treated with DALK in a single university teaching hospital in the UK between January 2004 and December 2007. The main outcome measures were intra operative and postoperative complications, graft clarity and best corrected visual acuity. Results The study group consisted of 37 eyes of 36 patients (21 male, 15 female). Average age of the cohort was 34.5 years (range: 16 ‐‐ 65), with a mean follow‐up of 20.4 months (range: 6 ‐‐ 46) Keratoconus was the most common indication for attempted DALK (65%). Big bubble was achieved in 62% of cases with microperforations in 14%. A further 14% needed to have manual dissection. Clear Graft Host interface was achieved in 87% of cases where the big bubble was achieved and 76% gained best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of >6/12. Conclusion DALK offers visual outcomes similar to that of a penetrating keratoplasty and should be offered to all patients with a healthy endothelium undergoing corneal transplantation.
Conjunctival impression cytology as a tool for clinical diagnosis, follow‐up and treatment of a patient affected by severe keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: PASTOR S , RODRIGUEZ‐PRATS JL , WALEWSKA‐SZAFRAN A , RODRIGUEZ AE , ALIO SANZ JL 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To use Conjunctival Impression Cytology (CIC) as a tool for the diagnosis, follow‐up and treatment decision of a patient affected by severe keratoconjunctivitis after exposure to alkali. Methods A 48 year‐old female patient affected by severe keratoconjunctivitis on her right eye after air exposure to alkali was monitored by CIC. Polyether sulphone filter papers were used to obtain samples from the superior (SB) and inferior bulbar (IB) conjunctiva from the affected eye and stained by PAS‐Giemsa staining to reveal the status of goblet cell (GC) population. After observing a dramatic decrease of GC by CIC, we decided to perform a limbal‐conjunctiva autograft transplantation from the healthy left eye (LE) to the affected right eye (RE). Results CIC helped in the diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up of a patient affected by severe keratoconjunctivitis after alkali exposure. The decision to perform a limbal‐conjunctival autograft transplantation came after CIC results. This procedure resulted in a significant increase in GC density going from 30 cells / mm2 to 362 cells / mm2 on IB and from 0 cells / mm2 to 430 cells / mm2 on SB conjunctiva of the transplanted right eye, 1 month after the surgery. Conclusion CIC is a very useful tool for the diagnosis and follow‐up of cases of severe keratoconjunctivitis providing very relevant information about the status of GC and helping with the decision of the treatment to follow.
The effect of four commercially available preserved and unpreserved prostaglandin analogues on human corneal epithelial and human conjunctival epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: UUSITALO HMT , HUHTALA A 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Four commercially available ophthalmic preparations of prostaglandin analogues: latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost, and the more recently developed prostaglandin analogue tafluprost as a BAC‐free unit dose formulation, were tested for cytotoxicity using cell culture methods. Methods The cells were exposed to eye drop concentrations diluted 0.1%‐10% in culture medium without fetal bovine serum for one hour. Correspondingly, the cells were exposed to 0.00008%‐0.005% BAC in serum‐free medium for one hour. Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring mitochondrial activity with the tetrazolium salt WST‐1 assay for cellular growth and viability, and by measuring the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage in the culture medium. Results The order of decreasing cytotoxicity of the tested drugs, assessed with the WST‐1 test, was latanoprost > travoprost > bimatoprost > tafluprost. Conjunctival epithelial cells appeared to be more sensitive than corneal epithelial cells. The EC50 value of BAC, assessed with the WST‐1 assay, was 0.0013% in corneal epithelial cells and 0.00047% in conjunctival epithelial cells. In corneal cells, only the commercial preparation of latanoprost with the highest concentration tested (10%) increased LDH leakage. In conjunctival cells, LDH leakage was also very minor and was statistically significant only after 3‐10% travoprost and 10% latanoprost exposures. Conclusion The cytotoxic effects of the commercially available formulations of latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost were dependent on the BAC concentration of the eye drop. Preservative‐free tafluprost had the least cytotoxic effects of the drugs tested.
Commercial interest
Dietary prevention of visual function and cognitive decline by omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in senescence accelerated mouse P8 (SAM P8)
Authors: ACAR N , GREGOIRE S , MORANIS A , LABROUSSE V , PASQUIS B , JOFFRE C , BRON AM , CREUZOT CP , BRETILLON L , LAYE S 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Cerebral and retinal neurons contain high amounts of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA levels decrease in the aging brain together with the cognitive performances. We evaluated the effects of a dietary supplementation with DHA on mood, cognition and visual functionality in a mouse model for aging, the SAM P8. Methods SAM P8 and control animals were fed from weaning until 12 months of age with a standard diet or a diet supplemented with DHA (6%). After 5 and 12 months of diet, we evaluated the scotopic ERG, the working memory and the despair behaviour. The fatty acid content of the retina and the brain were determined by gas chromatography. Results DHA supplementation led to its significant incorporation in the retina and the brain. An age‐related loss of the ERG b‐wave amplitude was observed from 5 to 12 months of age in control SAM P8 whereas this visual impairment was prevented by DHA supplementation. Dietary DHA supplementation reduced the despair behaviour of control mice but not that of SAM P8. Conclusion Dietary supplementation of DHA increased its retinal and cerebral incorporation. DHA successfully prevented the age‐related loss of visual function in SAM P8 but did not improve the depression‐like symptoms.
Choroidal blood flow variations to gas in healthy young subjects before and after intermittent hypoxia
Authors: KHAYI H , TONINI M , TAMISIER R , GEISER M , PEPIN JL , LEVY P , ROMANET JP , CHIQUET C 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effect of 14‐day intermittent hypoxia on the response of the sub‐foveal choroidal blood flow (ChBF) after gas inhalation, in healthy subjects. Recent studies have emphasized the effect of the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on CO2 vasodilatation and O2 vasoconstriction. A human model of OSA has been developed in our laboratory with healthy subjects submitting to intermittent hypoxia during 14 consecutive nights. The aim of our study was to determine if these subjects exhibit a dysregulation in ChBF response during and after exposition to intermittent hypoxia. Methods The ChBF was measured before, at the end (D14) and 5 days after the period of exposition to intermittent hypoxia. ChBF was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in 6 healthy young volunteers exposed to night time intermittent hypoxia. We measured the variations in ChBF during 10 minutes of air inhalation (placebo), 100% O2, and carbogen (8% CO2) at each visit Results The ChBF response to carbogen was considered as normal (increase of 11%) before the exposition to intermittent hypoxia, and was reduced at the end (+5%) and after the exposition (+5%). The response to 100% O2 in these subjects was not altered by the exposition to intermittent hypoxia. Using placebo, the ChBF remained unchanged at each visit. The sensitivity of the ChBF measurement was 6 %. Conclusion Healthy subjects exposed to intermittent hypoxia exhibit an altered response of ChBF to carbogen. This CO2 responsiveness could be related to an alteration of the nitric oxide synthase expression.
Philatelic aspects on WHO Year Glaucoma 2008
Authors: SVEDBERGH BOC 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose WHO dedicates anno 2008 to Glaucoma. Here we like to present philatelic aspects from Hippocrates to modern Glaucoma Screening, spiced with issues of stamps in 2008. Methods Collecting stamps. Results To be seen. Conclusion Philatelic/historical aspects of glaucoma may induce a humble view.
Posterior sub‐tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide as a pretreatment of focal laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema
Authors: OGATA N , SHIMA C , MINAMINO K , YOSHIKAWA T , MATSUYAMA K , MATSUMURA M 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To determine whether a posterior sub‐Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) before focal photocoagulation is a safe and effective treatment for diabetic macular edema. Methods Sixteen eyes of 11 diabetic patients with unresolved diffuse macular edema were treated with a 20 mg sub‐Tenon injection of TA 1 to 2 months before focal photocoagulation. Focal photocoagulation was applied only to microaneurysms, and grid laser photocoagulation was not performed. The main outcome measures were visual acuity (VA), the optical coherence tomographically (OCT)‐determined central macular thickness (CMT), and the fluorescein angiographic appearance of the retina. Patients were followed for at least 6 months. Results One month after the sub‐Tenon injection of TA, the macular edema was resolved with a significant reduction of the CMT by OCT. The VA was slightly improved. Subsequent focal photocoagulation of the microaneurysms maintained the significant reduction of CMT for up to 6 months. A significant improvement of VA was observed in 37.5% patients at 6 months, and no patient had a decrease of VA. Conclusion A 20 mg of sub‐Tenon's TA injection prior to focal laser photocoagulation is a safe and beneficial treatment for diabetic macular edema.
Calcium dobesilate prevents changes in tight junction proteins in the retina induced by diabetes
Authors: LEAL EC , MARTINS J , CHIAVAROLI C , CUNHA‐VAZ J , AMBROSIO AF 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Calcium dobesilate has been found to correct the excessive vascular permeability associated with diabetes in the retina of diabetic patients and in experimental diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are not elucidated yet. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of calcium dobesilate against changes in tight junction proteins (occludin, ZO‐1 and claudin‐5) induced by diabetes in the retina. Methods Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) in two months old male Wistar rats (1 month diabetes duration). The animals were divided in three groups (7‐8 animals/group): control, diabetic, diabetic treated with calcium dobesilate (100 mg/kg/day; orally given) during the last 10 days of diabetes. The protein levels and distribution of the tight junction proteins were evaluated by western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results Diabetes decreased occludin and claudin‐5 protein levels (65.2 ± 7.6% and 63.2 ± 5.4% of the control, respectively) in the retina. ZO‐1 levels were unchanged, but its distribution in retinal vessels was altered in the retinal vessels of diabetic animals. The treatment with calcium dobesilate prevented the changes in tight junction proteins induced by diabetes. Conclusion In conclusion, calcium dobesilate is able to prevent changes in tight junction proteins in retinal vessels induced by diabetes, which may explain its beneficial effects against diabetes‐induced blood‐retinal barrier breakdown. Support: OM PHARMA, Switzerland
A pilot study of prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients using non‐mydriatic retinography and telemedicine
Authors: CASTRO MCR , VLEMING EN , TEUS M 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To asses whether the use of non‐mydriatic retinography and telemedicine is an adequate method of screening DR in diabetic population Methods We included all patients suffering from type I, type 2 noninsulin dependant and type 2 insulin dependant diabetes whose ocular fundus were examined in the specialist care center. A 3 field non‐stereoscopic retinographies were taken both eyes and an ophthalmologist at hospital evaluated the presence of DR and its severity. Results 81.2% of the subjects examined had no DR, 10.20% had mild non‐proliferative DR, 7.24% had moderate non‐proliferative DR and 0.15% had severe non‐proliferative DR. The approximate prevalence of DR in area sanitaria 3 was 18.8%. 7, 12% of the examinations were invalid and the patients required mydriatic examination at hospital. Conclusion The use of non‐mydriatic retinography and telemedicine is an adequate method for the screening of DR in diabetic population.