bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counterpart Theory and Actuality
Authors: Milford James 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLewis (The Journal of Philosophy, 65(5), 113–126, 1968) attempts to provide an account of modal talk in terms of the resources of counterpart theory, a first-order theory that eschews transworld identity. First, a regimentation of natural language modal claims into sentences of a formal first-order modal language L is assumed. Second, a translation scheme from L-sentences to sentences of the language of the theory is provided. According to Hazen (The Journal of Philosophy, 76(6), 319–338, 1979) and Fara & Williamson (Mind, 114(453), 1–30, 2005), the account cannot handle certain natural language modal claims involving a notion of actuality. The challenge has two parts. First, in order to handle such claims, the initial formal modal language that natural language modal claims are regimented into must extend L with something like an actuality operator. Second, certain ways that Lewis’ translation scheme for L might be extended to accommodate an actuality operator are unacceptable. Meyer (Mind, 122(485), 27–42, 2013) attempts to defend Lewis’ approach. First, Meyer holds that in order to handle such claims, the formal modal language L$$^*$$

∗

that we initially regiment our natural language claims into need not contain an actuality operator. Instead, we can make do with other resources. Next, Meyer provides an alternative translation scheme from L$$^*$$

∗

-sentences to sentences of an enriched language of counterpart theory. Unfortunately, Meyer’s approach fails to provide an appropriate counterpart theoretic account of natural language modal claims. In this paper, I demonstrate that failure.
Human Gait Recognition Based on Frontal-View Walking Sequences Using Multi-modal Feature Representations and Learning
Authors: Deng Muqing , Zhong Zebang , Zou Yi , Wang Yanjiao , Wang Kaiwei , Liao Junrong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite that much progress has been reported in gait recognition, most of these existing works adopt lateral-view parameters as gait features, which requires large area of data collection environment and limits the applications of gait recognition in real-world practice. In this paper, we adopt frontal-view walking sequences rather than lateral-view sequences and propose a new gait recognition method based on multi-modal feature representations and learning. Specifically, we characterize walking sequences with two different kinds of frontal-view gait features representations, including holistic silhouette and dense optical flow. Pedestrian regions extraction is achieved by an improved YOLOv7 algorithm called Gait-YOLO algorithm to eliminate the effects of background interference. Multi-modal fusion module (MFM) is proposed to explore the intrinsic connections between silhouette and dense optical flow features by using squeeze and excitation operations at the channel and spatial levels. Gait feature encoder is further used to extract global walking characteristics, enabling efficient multi-modal information fusion. To validate the efficacy of the proposed method, we conduct experiments on CASIA-B and OUMVLP gait databases and compare performance of our proposed method with other existing state-of-the-art gait recognition methods.
Detection and Classification of Brain Tumor Using Convolution Extreme Gradient Boosting Model and an Enhanced Salp Swarm Optimization
Authors: Jebastine J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSome types of tumors in people with brain cancer grow so rapidly that their average size doubles in twenty-five days. Precisely determining the type of tumor enables physicians to conduct clinical planning and estimate dosage. However, accurate classification remains a challenging task due to the variable shape, size, and location of the tumors.The major objective of this paper is to detect and classify brain tumors. This paper introduces an effective Convolution Extreme Gradient Boosting model based on enhanced Salp Swarm Optimization (CEXGB-ESSO) for detecting brain tumors, and their types. Initially, the MRI image is fed to bilateral filtering for the purpose of noise removal. Then, the de-noised image is fed to the CEXGB model, where Extreme Gradient Boosting (EXGB) is used, replacing a fully connected layer of CNN to detect and classify brain tumors. It consists of numerous stacked convolutional neural networks (CNN) for efficient automatic learning of features, which avoids overfitting and time-consuming processes. Then, the tumor type is predicted using the EXGB in the last layer, where there is no need to bring the weight values from the fully connected layer. Enhanced Salp Swarm Optimization (ESSO) is utilized to find the optimal hyperparameters of EXGB, which enhance convergence speed and accuracy. Our proposed CEXGB-ESSO model gives high performance in terms of accuracy (99), sensitivity (97.52), precision (98.2), and specificity (97.7).Also, the convergence analysis reveals the efficient optimization process of ESSO, obtaining optimal hyperparameter values around iteration 25. Furthermore, the classification results showcase the CEXGB-ESSO model’s capability to accurately detect and classify brain tumors.
Maintaining Family Engagement During Home Visitor Turnover: a Mixed Methods Study of Best Practices
Authors: Kaye Sarah , Hood Stephanie , Cragun Deborah , Perry Deborah F. , Campos Paula Cortés , Ajisope Oluwatosin , Schoch Annie Davis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEvidence-based home visiting services (EBHV) are available in states and localities nationwide through the federally-funded Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) program. Nevertheless, the anticipated benefits of EBHV, such as improved child developmental outcomes and increased positive parenting practices, may be undermined by the fact that most families withdraw from services earlier than the model developers planned. Prior studies have linked family attrition with staff turnover. The current study used a mixed methods design to investigate the conditions under which families remained active in the home visiting program after their assigned home visitor resigned. Coincidence Analysis revealed that giving families advance notice (at least 1 month) prior to the home visitors’ upcoming resignation or developing a strong positive working alliance with the inheriting home visitor appears to independently make a difference for ongoing family engagement at 3 and 6 months following a staff transition. These findings suggest that emphasizing how staff turnover is managed may mitigate the risk of family withdrawal during these transitions.
The Effects of Vertical Separation and Competition: Evidence from US Electric Utility Restructuring
Authors: Pollitt Michael G. , Sadeghi Jafar , Triebs Thomas P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCompetition usually increases firm productivity; but in network industries, effective competition requires vertical separation, which might reduce productivity and lead to a potential trade-off. We analyze the combined effect of competition and vertical separation on inefficient costs for US electricity industry restructuring. We estimate firm-level inefficiencies with the use of different nonparametric models of the technology and calculate net benefits with the use of difference-in-differences. The results depend on how we model the production technology and the length of the post-treatment horizon. The more flexible is the production frontier, the greater is the net benefit from divestiture and competition. Across our models the combined effect of divestiture and competition is positive.
A Dutch Survey on Medication Adjustments after Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: Experiences of Bariatric Surgeons, Internists, Pharmacists, and General Practitioners
Authors: Lau Cedric , van Kesteren Charlotte , Smeenk Robert M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
As metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) can alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs, post-bariatric surgery patients may require medication adjustments and monitoring. To improve pharmacotherapy in these patients, we aimed to understand the beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and concerns of healthcare professionals who treat these patients.

Methods
A survey by means of an online questionnaire was divided into six sections. It was sent to bariatric surgeons, internists, pharmacists, and general practitioners in the Netherlands.

Results
Out of 229 returned surveys, 222 were included. Virtually all respondents (98%) expected MBS to influence the effect of medication. Both reduced efficacy (23%) and more adverse events or medication-related complications (21%) were recognized. Two-thirds of the respondents felt competent to prescribe or to provide advice regarding medication in post-bariatric surgery patients.
Most of the respondents (95%) believed that other healthcare professionals should be aware of the contraindication “bariatric surgery”. Of the respondents, 37% indicated that they were not aware of the medication advice incorporated in the electronic health record systems. Almost half of the respondents (48%) indicated that they documented changes in drug effects. Most respondents answered that these ought to be registered in the pharmacovigilance database or national registry.

Conclusions
The majority of prescribers and pharmacists believe that patients will receive better pharmacotherapy if healthcare professionals take MBS into account. However, not all prescribers think they are competent to act adequately. To improve this, information on changed drug effects after MBS should be more widely shared among healthcare professionals via resources that are easily accessible.

Graphical Abstract
A Potapov-Type Approach to a Particular Truncated Stieltjes Moment Problem in the Case of an Odd Number of Prescribed Matricial Moments
Authors: Schröder-Zeiske Torsten , Fritzsche Bernd , Kirstein Bernd , Mädler Conrad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe paper gives a parametrization of the solution set of a matricial Stieltjes-type truncated power moment problem in the non-degenerate and degenerate cases. The problem will be reformulated as an interpolation problem for a distinguished class of holomorphic matrix-valued functions. An essential role plays a solution of the corresponding system of Potapov’s fundamental matrix inequalities.
A comprehensive characterization of indoor ambient microplastics in households during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bhat Mansoor Ahmad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAirborne microplastics (MPs) can be easily inhaled by humans, impacting their health as they spend more than 80% of their time indoors, especially during the pandemic. Only a few research studies have examined indoor MPs in the micrometer size range using active sampling, and studies have mainly concentrated on MPs that are millimeters in size. This study investigated the composition of indoor airborne MPs by active sampling in seven houses in the city center of northwestern Turkey (Eskişehir) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The visual identification showed the presence of different colored MPs, white, red, orange, green, and yellow, with different shapes (fibers, fragments, films, lines, foam, and pellets). The size of the identified MPs was between 2.5 and 327.36 μm. The polymeric composition analysis showed the presence of 123 MPs in all the samples with 22 different polymeric compositions. Residents in these houses are exposed to airborne MPs, with inhalation estimates ranging from 12.03 to 18.51 MPs/m3. However, it was also estimated that humans inhale 156–240 MPs daily in these houses. The dominant MPs were polyamide 6, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, ethylene propylene, polystyrene, and high-density polyethylene. Scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive x-ray elemental analysis revealed the presence of common structural elements, additives, or vectors that are added or adsorbed to MPs like carbon, oxygen, fluorine, magnesium, silicon, chlorine, nitrogen, and aluminum. These indoor environments are prone to MP pollution. Still, the MP level varies due to different characteristics of indoor environments, like activities and the number of occupants/people in the space, etc. The smaller MPs in all the samples highlight the necessity for standardized techniques of MP collection.
Policy persistence vis-à-vis a crisis: the curious case of Slovak energy policy after the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Mišík Matúš , Oravcová Veronika 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Russian invasion of Ukraine that started on 24 February 2022 has had a dramatic impact on the energy policy of the European Union and its member states. Nonetheless, not all EU members have radically overhauled their energy sectors and policies. Looking at the period between February 2022 and December 2023, this paper argues that Slovakia’s energy sector has remained unchanged in comparison to developments within the EU and beyond. Slovakia has continued to purchase natural gas from Russia, having negotiated an exemption from the EU sanctions on Russian oil, and gas consumption decreased only minimally in the winter of 2022/2023. Furthermore, it maintained at best a lukewarm position on renewable energy sources and even struggled to implement those energy efficiency measures that were included in the post-pandemic recovery plans. Slovakia also did not reconsider its coal phase-out deadline of 2023 and its (already very supportive) nuclear policy. We explain this policy persistence with the help of a revised lock-in concept which, in the case of Slovakia, is mostly connected to nuclear energy (ʻnuclear lock-in’), which locks out alternative energy sources, especially renewables.
A Rare Case of Lemierre’s Syndrome due to Veillonella Parvula: A Dangerous and Forgotten Complication of a Septic Condition
Authors: Montatore Manuela , Zagaria Antonio , Masino Federica , Fascia Giacomo , Debitonto Michele , Guglielmi Giuseppe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis clinical case presents an unusual case of Lemierre’s syndrome (LS) in a young woman of 38-year-old. She arrived in the Emergency Department with a high fever and pharyngology resistant to antibiotic therapy with clarithromycin, ceftriaxone, and cortisone for two weeks. At the blood sampling, there is a marked leucocytosis, and the advice of the otolaryngologist is required given the strong pain in the throat. Due to the tonsillar abscess, a neck CT with a contrast medium is necessary for the otolaryngologist’s opinion. The CT shows thrombosis of the jugular vein and left subclavian, with thickening of soft perivascular tissues; these findings suggest Lemierre’s syndrome: a septic thrombophlebitis of the jugular vein that occurs as a complication of a peritonsillar abscess. The diagnostic process is then completed with a chest HR-CT, which reveals lung density and excavation areas suggesting tuberculosis. Blood culture reveals the presence of Veillonella Parvula (an anaerobic gram-negative coccus), sputum culture reveals the presence of some colonies of Enterobacter cloacae complex, real-time PCR examination on sputum reveals the presence of Streptococcus Pneumoniae and the borderline presence of rhinovirus. Microbiologists, after these results and neck and chest CT with a contrast agent, agree with the diagnosis of suspected LS at an early stage: a septic dissemination fortunately limited only to the neck and lungs region.
How we survived: older adults’ adjustment to the lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jarego Margarida , Tasker Fiona , Costa Pedro Alexandre , Pais-Ribeiro José , Ferreira-Valente Alexandra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOlder adults were found to be the most susceptible group to suffer the physical health consequences of a COVID-19 infection and were considered vulnerable to the negative effects of the lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic, yet unlike many young adults did not generally experience an increased rate of mental health problems. Our study explored the strategies older adults in Portugal deployed during the mandatory lockdowns in 2020 and 2021. Qualitative interview data were collected with 22 older adults in relatively good health (aged between 66 and 92 years old; 36% women). Three main themes were identified via thematic analysis: (1) Finding things to do and activities that can protect me; (2) Identifying how my thoughts can protect me; and (3) Counting myself lucky – me and my home advantages. Some of the thematic strategies identified by older adults to manage pandemic and lockdown-related stresses related to meaning-centered coping could be further developed via cognitive behavioral therapies of the third wave.
Optimizing random skin biopsies: a review of techniques and indications for intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Enzan Naoko , Kitadate Akihiro , Kono Michihiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL), a rare subtype of malignant lymphoma, is diagnosed by observation of intravascular proliferation of tumor cells in samples taken from affected organs. However, diagnosis of IVLBCL is usually difficult due to the lack of mass formation. IVLBCL may be fatal when the diagnosis is delayed, so an accurate early diagnosis is the key to successful treatment. Random skin biopsy (RSB), in which specimens are sampled from normal-appearing skin, has been reported as useful. However, the specific method of RSB remains controversial, with individual institutions using either the punch method or the incisional method. Research has shown that the incisional method has higher sensitivity than the punch method. We discuss whether this difference might owe to the collection of punch specimens from an insufficient depth and whether the punch method might result in false negatives. For RSB, we recommend taking specimens not only from normal-appearing skin, but also from any lesional skin, because lesions may reflect micro IVLBCL lesions. To ensure accurate diagnosis, both dermatologists and hematologists should know the proper method of RSB. This review summarizes the appropriate biopsy method and sites for RSB.
Molekulare Architektur: Nanosensoren mit DNA-Ankern
Authors: Metternich Justus T. , Ackermann Julia , Kruss Sebastian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiosensors are crucial tools for research and diagnostics. Optical biosensors are easy to use, and light is non-invasive. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are non-bleaching, near-infrared (NIR, 780–2400 nm) fluorescent materials that are extremely sensitive to their chemical environment. Modification of their surface makes them versatile fluorescent biosensors. Now, so-called guanine quantum defects serve as anchor structures and allow assembly of sensors with any recognition unit that is attached to DNA. This general design enables powerful novel biosensors.
Automatische Probenpräparation mit Druckluft-gesteuerter Mikrofluidik
Authors: Schumann Vanessa , Lein F. Nicolas , Börner Richard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSingle-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy is an established method for investigating biomolecular structures and their dynamics. Sample preparation is crucial for the success of these experiments and consists of several steps that need to be handled with care by the experimenter. These manual steps are not only time consuming and error prone, but complicate high-throughput applications. To address this challenge, we have introduced a pressure-controlled microfluidic system for automated sample preparation in single-molecule spectroscopy.
Hochdurchsatz-Strategien für modellbasierte Bioprozessentwicklung
Authors: Cai Linda , Kemmer Annina , Krausch Niels , Neubauer Peter , Bournazou M. Nicolas Cruz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigh-throughput screening accelerates bioprocess development, e.g., drug development. The KIWI-biolab at Technische Universität Berlin developed various platforms for automated experiments in small-scale cultivation systems. These are connected with automated analytics via a workflow management system and following the FAIR data principles. Mathematical models support process control and optimization during screenings of new microbial strains and experimental conditions.
Veränderte T-Zell-Reaktion gegen Hefepilze bei chronischer Darmentzündung
Authors: Martini Gabriela Rios , Bacher Petra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInappropriate CD4+ T cell responses against species of the intestinal microbiome have been suggested to contribute to the chronic inflammation of Crohn’s disease (CD). However, the microbial species that drive such inappropriate CD4+ T cell responses and the pathogenic T cell functions in CD remain largely unknown. Our work provides evidence that aberrant cytotoxic Th 1 cells directed against both commensal and food-derived yeasts may contribute to the inflammatory immune response in patients with CD.
Metabolische Fitness von B-Zellen
Authors: Jellusova Julia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe B cell receptor (BCR) plays a crucial role in B cell activation and confers a survival-advantage for resting B cells. Here, I describe a novel mechanism of BCR-dependent metabolic regulation. The presence of the BCR is sensed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to its expansion. This expanded ER then supplies the mitochondria with calcium, which in turn leads to increased oxygen consumption.
Sugar Beet Seed Classification for Production Quality Improvement by Using YOLO and NVIDIA Artificial Intelligence Boards
Authors: Beyaz Abdullah , Saripinar Zülfi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAll inputs are required for excellent and proper crop production, especially seed quality. In this way fewer disease and insect issues, increased seedling germination, uniform plant population and maturity, and better responsiveness to fertilizers and nutrients, leading to higher returns per unit area and profitability, and low labor costs could be possible. Because of this reason, NVIDIA Jetson Nano and TX2 artificial intelligence boards were used to test the efficiency of the YOLOv4 and YOLOv4-tiny models for sugar beet monogerm and multigerm seed classification for better production. YOLOv4-tiny outscored the other model based on FPS with 8.25–8.37 at NVIDIA Jetson Nano, 12.11–12.36 at NVIDIA TX2 artificial intelligence boards with accuracy 81–99% for monogerm seeds, and 89–99% for multigerm seeds at NVIDIA Jetson Nano, 88–99% for monogerm seeds, and 90–99% for multigerm at NVIDIA TX2 accuracy, respectively, implying that the YOLOv4 is more accurate but slow with based on FPS with 1.10–1.21 at NVIDIA Jetson Nano, 2.41–2.43 at NVIDIA TX2 artificial intelligence boards with 95–99% for monogerm seeds and 95–100% for multigerm seeds at NVIDIA Jetson Nano, 92–99% for monogerm seeds and 98–100% for multigerm seeds at NVIDIA TX2, respectively. As a result of the evaluations, NVIDIA Artificial Intelligence cards and YOLO deep learning model will be used effectively in classifying monogerm and multigerm sugar beet seeds, thus reducing seed loss with the help of NVIDIA Artificial Intelligence cards classification.
On the accuracy of sequence methods for baroreflex sensitivity estimation
Authors: Bagnall-Hare Hasana , McLoone Violeta I. , Ringwood John V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the absence of a true gold standard for non-invasive baroreflex sensitivity estimation, it is difficult to quantify the accuracy of the variety of techniques used. A popular family of methods, usually entitled ‘sequence methods’ involves the extraction of (apparently) correlated sequences from blood pressure and RR-interval data and the subsequent fitting of a regression line to the data. This paper discusses the accuracy of sequence methods from a system identification perspective, using both data generated from a known mathematical model and spontaneous baroreflex data. It is shown that sequence methods can introduce significant bias in the baroreflex sensitivity estimate, even when great care is taken in sequence selection.