bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phospholipid changes in the course of beef meat storing at 4 °C
Authors: Rauch P. , Káš J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe mean molecular weight of beef meat phospholipids (738) and the recalculating factor (23.8), making possible to determine the total phospholipid content from lipid phosphorus, were estimated experimentally. The total amount of phospholipids decreases from 569 to 486 mg per 100 g of meat during 14 days of meat storing at 4 °C. The content of phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol decreases, too. In contrast to this the content of lyso‐phosphatides and temporarily also phosphatidylethanolamine is increasing. This temporary increase of phosphatidyiethanolamine (PE) concentration is due to enzymatic demethylation of phosphatidylcholine (PC). The course of this conversion has been followed by PE PC ratio changes in the course of meat storing.
Debittering of spent brewer's yeast for food purposes
Authors: Nand K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe analysis of spent brewer's yeast slurry exhibited a five‐day biochemical oxygen demand (B.O.D.) of 158 400 mg/l at 20% yeast concentration. A treatment process for debittering was tried. The steps include removal of extraneous materials, reduction of the viscosity of slurry, debittering the yeast cells and centrifuging, washing and drying the debittered yeast‐cell biomass in a drum dryer. Debittering was carried out successfully by adjusting the pH and temperature of the slurry. pH 10 at 50 °C of the slurry resulted in the complete debittering of the yeast‐cells in a single treatment without affecting the chemical and essential amino acid compositions.
Gastrointestinale Mikroökologie in der Inneren Medizin
Authors: Knoke M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDie gastrointestinale Mikroökologie ist ein Gebiet mit höchsten integrativen Ansprüchen. Ihre klinische Aktualität spiegelt sich in zahlreichen Krankheitsbildern wider. Störungen in der Besiedlung können insbesondere beim mikrobiellen Overgrowth‐Syndrom klinisch relevant werden. Aufgrund neuer Untersuchungsergebnisse wird den Darmmikroben zunehmend eine gewisse Bedeutung bei der Verwertung schwer‐ oder nichtabsorbierbarer Kohlenhydrate beigemessen. Auch bei der weiteren Durchdringung der Konzeption der selektiven Dekontamination ist die gastrointestinale Mikroökologie gefordert. Kaum beachtet sind bisher die vielfältigen mikrobiellen Veränderungen von Arzneimitteln und Fremdstoffen. Eine mikrobielle Beteiligung an der Genese chronisch‐entzündlicher Darmkrankheiten wie auch des Colonkrebses wird verstärkt diskutiert.
Microorganisms associated with epithelial surfaces and stability of the indigenous gastrointestinal microflora
Authors: Savage D. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIndigenous microorganisms of many genera and species associate with mucosal epithelia in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and humans. These mechanisms may involve a high degree of specificity for host and surface habitat. They may include a capacity of the microorganisms to adhere to the membranes of substratum epithelial cells, to colonize and utilize as a source of nutrients the mucus overlying epithelial cells, and to be motile and attracted into the mucous layer by chemotaxis. The microbes must be able as well to thrive in the nutritional and environmental conditions prevailing on the epithelial surfaces.Microbial communities associated with epithelial surfaces are critical for maintaining a microflora in areas of the tract (i.e., stomach, small intestine) where the lumenal content moves at a rate exceeding the maximum rates at which indigenous microorganisms can multiply. Such communities even may be important in areas (i.e., the cecum and colon) where the content moves at rates below those at which the microbes can multiply. In such areas, microorganisms colonizing mucus on the epithelium and in the crypts of Lieberkuhn may provide a stable inoculum for the lumenal content which may be altered in composition in times of dietary change. Microorganisms associated with gastric and intestinal surfaces undoubtedly serve in a major way to stabilize the composition of the indigenous gastrointestinal microflora. At the molecular level, however, little is known about the mechanisms stabilizing the composition or the biochemical and genetic activities of the microflora. Such mechanisms are important subjects for research in the future.
Immunglobulin A und seine Bedeutung für die Schleimhautimmunität — ein Beitrag zum Verständnis mikrobieller Interaktionen
Authors: Stelzner A. , Groh A. , Vogt K. H. , Kittlick M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNach wie vor steht das sekretorische Immunglobulin A im Vordergrund der Erkenntnisse und weiterer Untersuchungen über die Ursachen der Schleimhautimmunität. Ursprung, Bildung, Struktur und Wirkungsweise des s‐IgA sind weitgehend erforscht. Für den klinischen Bereich gewinnen Untersuchungsergebnisse über die Erscheinungsformen und Auswirkungen eines selektiven IgA‐Mangels zunehmend an Bedeutung. Patienten mit IgA‐Defekt erkranken bis zu 40mal häufiger an Allergien und Autoimmunstörungen. Bei der Induktion der Immunantwort kommt den mit den Effektorzellen der Peyerschen Plaques in die Lamina propria und das Epithel gelangenden zellulären Komponenten der Schleimhautimmunität besondere Bedeutung zu.
Microecology and local immune and nonspecific defensive proteins depending on different nutrition
Authors: Kuvaeva I. B. , Orlova N. G. , Borovik T. E. , Veselova O. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBreast‐feeding is of high importance for the development of intestinal eubiosis. Before beginning with breast‐feeding the coprofiltrates of newborns lack of IgA. Following the first feeding IgA concentration in the faeces sharply increases (up to 200 mg/100 g faeces). Comparable high values can be found in the coprofiltrates of breast‐fed sick prematures. In the coprofiltrates of artificially fed healthy newborns and sick prematures no IgA is provable, within the first two weeks of age. Afterwards both the frequency of its evidence and its concentration gradually rise. This can be regarded as a sign of an increasing local production of immune proteins. Starting with the second year of life, only, the values of all the immunoglobulins fall again. It happens a microbial degradation. Increased concentrations of immunoglobulins in the coprofiltrates of children over 3 years must be evaluated as a sign of subclinical dysbacteriosis.
Zur Bedeutung einer stabilen Magen‐Darm‐Flora bei wachsenden Tieren
Authors: Hennig A. , Lüdke H. , Meixner B. , Schöne F. , Schulze J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEine Dysbiose kann durch Nahrungsbestandteile ausgelöst werden. 40% Roggen enthaltende Broilerrationen führen zur Destabilisierung der Darmflora, die durch wirksame Darmflorastabilisatoren kupiert werden kann. Früh abgesetzte Ferkel haben eine hohe Konzentration an E. coli im Ileum‐ und Jejunuminhalt. Durch wirksame Darmflorastabilisatoren wird ihre Anzahl um ca. 3 Zehnerpotenzen vermindert. Damit ist eine beträchtliche Mehrzunahme verbunden, die aber nicht auf einem Mehrverzehr an Futter je kg Lebendmasse beruht. Der ergotrope Effekt der Darmflorastabilisatoren wird partiell auf den geringeren Aufwand für die Immunabwehr zurückgeführt. Für die wachstumsfördernde Wirkung der Ergotropika bei früh abgesetzten Ferkeln wurde deshalb eine neue Hypothese aufgestellt.
Stellenwert klinisch angewandter Gnotobiotechnik zur Prophylaxe und während der Therapie granulocytopenischer Infektionen
Authors: Günther I. , Bohnenstengel C. M. , Brijmohan‐Günther R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNeben einer Literaturübersicht wird über eigene Ergebnisse mit der Methode der selektiven Dekontamination bei der Induktionsbehandlung von Patienten mit akuter Leukämie berichtet, bei denen eine extreme Infektdisposition vorlag. Die Infektionsrate, die Fiebertage und die systemisch verordneten Antibiotika konnten dabei statistisch signifikant gesenkt werden. Die in unserer Klinik erzielten Ergebnisse der selektiven Dekontamination, der Granulocytentransfusion und der Patientenisolierung im Life Island werden gegenübergestellt. Die selektive Dekontamination hat eine zentrale Bedeutung für die Prophylaxe, aber auch bei der Behandlung von Hospitalinfektionen abwehrgestörter Patienten. Zusätzlich sind bei Infektionen Kombinationen bakterizider Antibiotika indiziert. Granulocytentransfusionen sind demgegenüber selten erforderlich. Die Effektivität der selektiven Dekontamination des Verdauungstraktes unterstreicht die Bedeutung gnotobiologischer Methoden für die klinische Praxis.
In‐vitro‐Untersuchungen zur mikrobiellen Inkorporation von Stickstoff aus [15N2]Harnstoff und [15N2]Ammoniumchlorid durch die Intestinalflora des Menschen
Authors: Stolpe H. J. , Heine W. , Bohnenstengel C. M. , Grütte F.‐K. , Wutzke K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn 6 typischen Keimspezies der humanen Intestinalflora (E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacteroides fragiles und Bifidobacterium sp.) wurden mit [15N2] Harnstoff und [15N]‐Ammoniumchlorid die Inkorporationsraten nach 48std. Bebrütung in einer Nährlösung bestimmt. Sie zeigten eine reproduzierbare Abhängigkeit von der untersuchten Bakterienspezies, von der Art und von der Menge der in der Nährlösung angebotenen NPN‐Substanz. Die Inkorporationsraten mit markiertem Harnstoff betrugen minimal 3,8% (E. coli) und maximal 95,6% (Bifidobacterium sp.), mit markiertem Ammoniumchlorid minimal 31,0% (Proteus vulg.) und maximal 98,0% (Bifidobacterium sp.). Die Befunde werden u. a. hinsichtlich einer möglichen enteralen Detoxikation bei Urämikern durch bakterielle Utilisation und Elimination von Harnstoff und Ammoniak diskutiert.
The use of gnotobiological models for the studies of immune mechanisms
Authors: Šterzl J. , Mandel L. , Štêánková R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGermfree (GF) animals are widely used for discrimination of natural mechanisms (genetically determined) from adaptive mechanisms of immunity induced by external antigens. GF rats fed at least for first 5 days after birth with arteficial diet LNa, deficient in unsaturated fatty acids, were — in contrast to those fed with K 50 diet — deeply suppressed in humoral and cellular immune reactivities during their live. GF piglets, deprived from maternal colostrum (CF) as a source of passively transferred maternal antibody, immunized with preformed Ag/Ab complexes (HSA — anti HSA) responded according to the composition of complexes (Ab excess, equivalence, Ag excess) by low or high dose tolerance or by secondary response. Similar pictures of response were obtained in groups of presensitized GF‐CF piglets by immunization with different doses of antigen. It is concluded that 3 different types of response are the result of Ag/Ab complexes acting or formed on the lymphocyte membrane and exerting stimulatory or down‐regulatory signals.
The minipig as a model in gnotobiology
Authors: Mandel L. , Trávníček J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDue to its close physiological and morphological resemblance to man, the pig occupies an important position in biomedical research. The minipig lends itself particularly well to germfree research. It is easy to deliver, maintain, and utilize in isolators. The colostrum‐free, newborn germfree piglet lacking passively obtained antibodies is of an exclusive use if distinguishing the factors of natural and adaptive immunity is needed. It fits also well in studies investigating the earliest mechanisms of antibody synthesis. Under germfree conditions, the pig has been proved an excellent model for testing the action of ionizing radiation as well as of selected bacterial strains when monoassociated. Recently, conventional pigs have been used also for studies in total or selective decontamination of the intestinal tract by antibiotics and strict isolation.
Germ‐free newborn baby
Authors: Trávníček J. , Mandel L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLong term experience with germ‐free animal experiments and technology encouraged us to apply the know‐how in the field of the care of human neonates with presumed immunodeficiency. The program was carried out at the Faculty of Pediatrics of Charles University in Prague. The sterile caesarean section was performed within the plastic surgical isolator overlying the pregnant mother. A new type of this isolator adapted for the use in human medicine was designed and constructed. For the care of the neonate another special isolator was used. The whole isolator system included two rigid supply isolators, too. The newborn was sterile up to the age of 1 month. During this time, the newborns immunological capacity was investigated and found to be almost normal. Afterwards, the infant was gradually colonized with selected strains of bacteria and thus prepared for conventionalization.
Effects of additives and thermal treatment on the content of nitrogen compounds and the nutritive value of hake meat
Authors: Seidler T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHeating of minced meat from 40 to 130 °C for 10 min and at 120 °C from 15 to 60 min with potato starch (3%), soya oil (4%), salt (1.5%), and water (15%) resulted in a decrease in total amino‐acid content by 6% on the average, compared to the content in meat without additives. Heating time‐dependent changes involved a decrease in the lysine content, while temperature‐dependent changes involved a decrease in the valine content. On the other hand, the presence of additives reduced the thermal protein hydrolysis towards the formation of low‐molecular nitrogen compounds. Prolonged time of heating of minced hake meat at 120 °C produced a more intensive protein hydrolysis than a shorter heating up to 130 °C; at the same time with temperatures exceeding 100 °C an intensive increase in the ammonia content, decrease in —SH groups content, and a decrease in protein digestibility were observed.
Purification and characteristics of an endogenous alpha‐amylase and trypsin inhibitor from wheat seeds
Authors: Warchalewski J. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe bifunctional endogenous alpha‐amylase and trypsin inhibitor was purified 151‐fold from a crude extract of wheat grain by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The inhibitor coded A/T‐WI was an albumin protein, relatively heat stable with a molar mass of 23233 g/mol and optimum activity towards native alpha‐amylase and trypsin at pH 5.1 and 7.1 respectively. Amino acid analysis indicated the presence of about 15 half‐cystine residues per mole. The protein was homogeneous as assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the presence of detergent the inhibitor was dissociated into two subunits. A „double head”︁ in nature the inhibitor was almost inactive in the presence of detergent with reducing agent. At neutral pH over 80% of inhibitor was adhered to wheat starch granules.
Gelation of a broad bean (Vicia faba L. minor) protein fraction (prepared at pH 2) in dependence on some influencing factors
Authors: Hartmann B. , Schmandke H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA protein fraction is prepared from broad bean protein isolate at pH 2 which forms gels in the acid pH range. The gels are fluid at high temperature and become strength when cooling. The gel strength increases with increasing pH, with increasing heat treatment, and with increasing protein concentration. Addition of calcium and dextrose sirup increases the gel strength whereas sucrose decreases it. The transparency of the gels decreases with increasing pH.
Plasteingele aus Ackerbohnenproteinisolat‐Partialhydrolysat 1. Mitt. Viskosimetrische Untersuchungen zur Gelbildung während der Plasteinreaktion von Ackerbohnenproteinisolat‐Partial‐hydrolysaten
Authors: Nötzold H. , Ludwig E. , Schönfelder C. , Zeibig R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMit Hilfe einer Kugelfallmethode wurden die Veränderungen der Viskosität im Verlauf der Plasteinreaktion von peptischen Partialhydrolysaten (PH) eines Ackerbohnenproteinisolats mit Thermitase als Plasteinbildungsenzym (PBE) untersucht. Die Temperatur, das Enzym‐Substrat‐Verhältnis der Plasteinreaktion, die Konzentration der PH‐Lösung, die TCE‐Löslichkeit der Peptide des PH und der Zeitpunkt der Zugabe des PBE zur konzentrierten PH‐Lösung beeinflussen die im Verlauf der Plasteinreaktion eintretende Gelbildung. Höhermolekulare Peptide des PH werden durch das PBE vorzugsweise hydrolytisch gespalten und verzögern die Gelbildung.
Nutritional studies on agadagidi
Authors: Sanni A. I. , Oso B. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe analysis showed a gradual fall of the sugar content as fermentation period increased. Ascorbic acid content decreased while nitrogen and crude protein increased during fermentation. The predominant amino acids are leucine, lysine, valine, asparagine and glutamic acid, methionine, phenylalanine.
Inhibitory effects of six Turkish thyme‐like spices on some common food‐borne bacteria (Short communication)
Authors: Akgül Attilâ , Kivanç Merih 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIt is recognized now that spices and herbs may fulfill more than one function in foods to which they are added. In addition to imparting flavour, certain spices prolong the storage life of foods by a bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity. Being natural foodstuffs, they appeal to consumers who tend to question the safety of synthetic food additives.Antimicrobial properties of several spices and essential oils have been documented [1, 2]. Less attention has been devoted to investigations of antibacterial effects of the leafy spices or herbs. Recent researches have indicated that the antimicrobial factor of spices resides in the essential oil and/or oleoresin fraction [3]. Of herbs, oregano and thyme were generally found to be the most inhibitory and were considered to be among the most actives of the tested spices and their essential oils. Thymol and carvacrol are the two main phenolic constituents of both oregano and thyme oils [4]. The antimicrobial effects of several oregano and thyme species and their essential oils or components on some food‐borne bacteria have been confirmed [5–12]. But, many Labiatae spices (Origanum, Thymus, Satureja etc.) contain thymol and/or carvacrol as the main components in different percentages [13–15]. In addition, several plants are classified as „oregano”︁ the various genera and species differing significantly in aromatic quality and chemical composition. The designations are so confused that it is extremely difficult to establish just which botanical entity is involved [14–16].The object of this work was to study and compare the effects of 6 Labiatae leafy spices used as thyme from wild growing plants in different regions of Turkey on growth of bacteria in culture media, using organisms known to cause food spoilage or food‐borne illnesses.
Einfluß von Ethylenthioharnstoff auf die Hämatopoese bei Ratten
Authors: Lewerenz H.‐J. , Plass R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn männlichen und weiblichen Ratten wurde die Wirkung einer einmaligen und wiederholten oralen Verabreichung von Ethylenthioharnstoff (ETU) auf hämatologische Parameter des peripheren Blutes und des Knochenmarks untersucht. Ein Einfluß auf das erythrocytäre System wurde nach einmaliger ETU‐Gabe initial durch eine Zunahme von Erythrocytenzahl, Hämoglobinkonzentration und Hämatokritwert im peripheren Blut angezeigt. Der anfänglichen Polyglobulie folgten eine Verminderung der Hämoglobinkonzentration im Blut und eine Verringerung der Erythroblastenzahl im Knochenmark. Kontinuierliche ETU‐Verabreichung bewirkte eine hyporegenerative Anämie. Das weiße Blutbild war nach einmaliger und kontinuierlicher ETU‐Verabfolgung durch eine Leukopenie gekennzeichnet. Der Effekt beruhte auf einer Verringerung der Lymphocytenzahl, die sowohl im peripheren Blut als auch im Knochenmark angezeigt wurde. Als hämatologisch wirksame ETU‐Mengen wurden bei einmaliger Applikation 50 mg/kg Körpermasse und mehr, bei Verabreichung über das Futter 600 ppm (= 70 mg/kg Körpermasse) und mehr ermittelt.
Application of superchilling to prolong the keeping time of rainbow trout
Authors: Fik M. , Surówka K. , Leszczynska‐Fik A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe paper deals with refrigeration at peri‐cryoscopic temperatures as a measure to preserve rainbow trout. Effects of superchilling and storage at ‐2 °C on sensory, physico‐chemical, and microbiological changes in the fish are analysed.
Structural and electronic origin of meat odour of organic hetero‐atomic compounds
Authors: Dimoglo A. S. , Yu. Gorbachov M. , Bersuker I. B. , Greni A. I. , Vysotskaya L. E. , Stepanova O. V. , Yu. Lukash E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBy means of the electron‐topologic approach suggested earlier, the structural and electronic features favouring meat odour occurrence are evaluated using 77 organic compounds with known odorant properties as a basis for primary logico‐structural analysis. A general fragment of the type XH2 (where X = S, O, N is a hetero‐atom) with a certain electronic structure and conformational property is shown to be responsible for the meat odour. The results obtained allow for a prognosis of odorant compounds and their purposeful synthesis.
The optimum condition for malonic dialdehyde liberation from smoked fish and curing smoke condensates
Authors: Witas T. , Sledziewski P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to establish the conditions for malonic dialdehyde liberation from smoked fish and curing smoke condensates, as well as to determine its content in smoked fish.The specific absoprtion peaks of coloured solutions of malonic dialdehyde, from curing smoke condensates, with 2‐thiobarbituric acid were determined. The conditions for malonic dialdehyde liberation were established, i.e. time and degree of alkaline hydrolysis of condensate, degree of distillation of acidified condensate solution, the conditions of coloured solution development, determination of extinction and method of calculation of malonic dialdehyde content in smoked fish, in individual layers of smoked mackerel fillets. The mechanism of formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbone and hydrogen peroxide or hydroxyl free radicals, formed during pyrolysis of organic compounds in the presence of liberated malonic dialdehyde, was proposed.
UV spectroscopy studies of the oxidation changes in depot and structural lipids in high‐fat feeding
Authors: Yanishlieva N. Vl. , Goranov I. M. , Tsanev R. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe degree of incorporation of conjugated dienes, trienes and tetraenes into reserve (depot fats) and structural liver lipids of rats is studied depending on the type of high‐fat feeding (50 energy%): lard, lard + sunflower oil (2:1), butter, hydrogenated sunflower oil. It is found that in adipose tissue there are only conjugated dienes whose concentration is lower than that of lipids of the respective diets and of the liver. Structural lipids are characterized by a high concentration of conjugated tri‐ and tetraenes. It is established that the fatty acid compositions of the diets and their oxidizability coefficients, respectively, do not correlate with the degree of accumulation of conjugated fatty acid structures in living organisms. The disequilibrated high‐fat regimens based on butter and partially hydrogenated sunflower oil create conditions for more intensive incorporation of oxidized fatty acid products into the tissues.
Fortschrittsbericht Bioverfügbarkeit von Mineralstoffen 1. Mitt. Methoden zur Bestimmung
Authors: Kujawa M. , Friedrich M. , Macholz R. , Ozierenski Bärbel , Walzel E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMineralstoffe spielen im Stoffwechsel eine große Rolle. Über den Bedarf des Organismus zur Aufrechterhaltung besteht noch in vielen Fällen Unklarheit. Die Versorgung mit Metallen ist abhängig von deren Bioverfügbarkeit. Methoden der experimentellen Bestimmung der Bioverfügbarkeit werden beschrieben sowie deren Grenzen und Aussagefähigkeit diskutiert.