bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un modèle supralexical de représentation de la morphologie dérivationnelle en français
Authors: Giraudo Hélène 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
La plupart des travaux actuels tendent à donner aux informations morphologiques un rôle essentiel du point de vue de l'accès lexical, néanmoins de nombreuses controverses subsistent concernant la façon où ces informations sont représentées en mémoire à long terme. Si l'on se place dans le cadre de modèles hiérarchiques de la reconnaissance de mots, dans lesquels les codes lexicaux sont traduits en codes orthographiques et ou phonologiques décrivant les mots entiers, puis en codes sémantiques, deux localisations peuvent être proposées pour des représentations morphologiques : avant les représentations de mots (hypothèse sublexicale) ou après ces représentations (hypothèse supralexicale) . Selon l'hypothèse sublexicale, la reconnaissance d'un mot engendre systématiquement une procédure d'analyse de ses constituants morphémiques avant que celui-ci ne puisse être identifié selon sa forme globale. En revanche, selon l'hypothèse supralexicale, ce sont les représentations globales des mots qui, une fois activées, permettent l'activation des représentations morphémiques situées à un niveau supérieur, ces dernières imposant ainsi aux représentations lexicales une organisation en termes de familles morphologiques. Cet article présente un ensemble de données récentes, obtenues en français et à l'aide du paradigme d'amorçage masqué associé à la tâche de décision lexicale, qui suggèrent que les informations morphologiques dérivationnelles sont représentées à un niveau supralexical de traitement.
Mots clés : reconnaissance de mots, information morphologique, modèle supralexical
Seasonal changes in household food insecurity and symptoms of anxiety and depression
Authors: Hadley Craig , Patil Crystal L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThere is growing awareness that common mental health disorders are key contributors to the burden of disease in developing countries. Studies examining the correlates of mental health have primarily been carried out in urban settings and focused on the burden rapid economic change places on individuals. In these settings, poverty and low education are consistent predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms. We argue here that these variables are proxies for insecurity, and that a more general model of symptoms of depression and anxiety should focus on locally salient forms of insecurity. Building on previous work in a seasonal subsistence setting, we identify food insecurity as a potent source of insecurity in a rural African setting, and then test whether seasonal changes in food insecurity are correlated with concomitant changes in a measure of symptoms of anxiety and depression among 173 caretakers. Results indicate that food insecurity is a strong predictor of symptoms of anxiety and depression (P < 0.0001), that changes in food insecurity across the seasons predict changes in symptoms of anxiety and depression (P < 0.0001), and that this is robust to the inclusion of covariates for material assets and household production. These results hold for individuals in both ethnic groups studied (Pimbwe and Sukuma); however, at the group level the burden falls disproportionately on Pimbwe. The results add to the growing literature on the causes of population level differences in mental health disorders and suggest new research avenues and strategies to link mental health disorders with variation in physical and biosocial outcomes. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of quasi‐carbonization processing parameters on the mechanical properties of quasi‐carbon/phenolic composites
Authors: Cho Donghwan , Lee Jongmoon 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this work, quasi‐carbon fabrics were produced by quasi‐carbonization processes conducted at and below 1200°C. Stabilized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fabrics and quasi‐carbon fabrics were used as reinforcements of phenolic composites with a 50 wt %/50 wt % ratio of the fabric to the phenolic resin. The effect of the quasi‐carbonization process on the flexural properties, interfacial strength, and dynamic mechanical properties of quasi‐carbon/phenolic composites was investigated in terms of the flexural strength and modulus, interlaminar shear strength, and storage modulus. The results were also compared with those of a stabilized PAN fabric/phenolic composite. The flexural, interlaminar, and dynamic mechanical results were quite consistent with one another. On the basis of all the results, the quasi‐static and dynamic mechanical properties of quasi‐carbon/phenolic composites increased with the applied external tension and heat‐treatment temperature increasing and with the heating rate decreasing for the quasi‐carbonization process. This study shows that control of the processing parameters strongly influences not only the mechanical properties of quasi‐carbon/phenolic composites but also the interlaminar shear strength between the fibers and the matrix resin. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Polycarbonate microspheres containing tumor necrosis factor‐α genes and magnetic powder as potential cancer therapeutics
Authors: Hu Bin , Yan Guo‐Ping , Zhuo Ren‐Xi , Wu Yuan , Fan Chang‐Lie 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAmphiphilic polycarbonate copolymers including methoxy‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol)‐co‐poly (5,5‐dimethyl trimethylene carbonate) [Poly(PEG‐b‐TMC)] and poly(ethylene glycol)‐co‐poly(trimethylene carbonate) [Poly(PEG‐b‐DTC)] were synthesized. The water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) solvent evaporation technique was adopted to produce anticancer magnetic Poly(PEG‐b‐DTC) microspheres containing tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) genes and Fe3O4 magnetic ultrafine powder. Drug release studies showed that the microspheres can sustain a steady release rate of TNF‐α genes in 0.1M phosphate buffer saline solution in vitro for up to 60 h. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that the microspheres have high inhibition and antitumor action to human hepatocellular carcinoma (Bel‐7204) cells in vitro. In vivo inhibition on the growth of hepatic carcinomas and histopathologic observation indicated that the microspheres possess a markedly high antitumor activity to human hepatocellular carcinoma (Bel‐7204). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Endothelial progenitor cell therapy for the treatment of coronary disease, acute MI, and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Current perspectives
Authors: Ward Michael R. , Stewart Duncan J. , Kutryk Michael J.B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSince their identification in 1997, bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been studied for their role in the endogenous maintenance and repair of endothelium and their potential regenerative capacity beyond the endothelium. In particular, EPCs have been tested in cell therapy approaches with the aim of developing novel therapies for conditions currently lacking effective treatment options. In this review, we discuss the scientific background and clinical experience using EPC delivery or mobilization for the treatment of post‐angioplasty restenosis, acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Although these approaches are safe, efficacy has yet to be proven in large randomized clinical trials. Unfortunately, the biology of EPCs is still poorly understood. The success of future clinical trials depends on a better understanding of EPC biology and intelligent design. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Tabu search heuristic for the vehicle routing problem with two‐dimensional loading constraints
Authors: Gendreau Michel , Iori Manuel , Laporte Gilbert , Martello Silvaro 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article addresses the well‐known Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), in the special case where the demand of a customer consists of a certain number of two‐dimensional weighted items. The problem calls for the minimization of the cost of transportation needed for the delivery of the goods demanded by the customers, and carried out by a fleet of vehicles based at a central depot. In order to accommodate all items on the vehicles, a feasibility check of the two‐dimensional packing (2L) must be executed on each vehicle. The overall problem, denoted as 2L‐CVRP, is NP‐hard and particularly difficult to solve in practice. We propose a Tabu Search algorithm, in which the loading component of the problem is solved through heuristics, lower bounds, and a truncated branch‐and‐bound procedure. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated through extensive computational experiments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2008
Deletion of PSCA increases metastasis of TRAMP‐Induced prostate tumors without altering primary tumor formation
Authors: Moore Miranda L. , Teitell Michael A. , Kim Yoon , Watabe Tetsuro , Reiter Robert E. , Witte Owen N. , Dubey Purnima 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is expressed in normal epithelium of various tissues, in embryos and adult animals. PSCA expression is upregulated in up to 70% of prostate tumors and metastases, and a subset of bladder and pancreatic cancers. However, its function is unknown. We studied the effect of targeted gene deletion of PSCA on normal organ development and prostate carcinogenesis.METHODSPSCA +/+, PSCA +/−, and PSCA −/− mice were bred and aged to 22 months. A cohort of animals was treated with γ‐irradiation at 2 and 6 months of age. PSCA knockout mice were crossed to TRAMP mice and TRAMP+ PSCA +/+, TRAMP+ PSCA +/−, and TRAMP+ PSCA −/− mice and offspring aged to 10 months of age. Tissues were analyzed by RT‐PCR, histology, and immunohistochemistry for markers of proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumor progression.RESULTSPSCA knockout animals were viable, fertile and indistinguishable from wild‐type littermates. Spontaneous or radiation‐induced primary epithelial tumor formation was also similar in wild‐type and PSCA knockout mice. We observed an increased frequency of metastasis in TRAMP+ PSCA heterozygous and knockout mice, compared to TRAMP+ wild‐type mice. Metastases were largely negative for PSCA and androgen receptor. Cleaved‐caspase 3 and CD31 staining was similar in all genotypes. Aurora‐A and Aurora‐B kinases were detected in the cytoplasm of PSCA heterozygous and knockout tumors, suggesting aberrant kinase function.CONCLUSIONThese data suggest that PSCA may play a role in limiting tumor progression in certain contexts, and deletion of PSCA may promote tumor migration and metastasis. Prostate 68: 139–151, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of Low Fat and Low Carbohydrate Diets on Circulating Fatty Acid Composition and Markers of Inflammation
Authors: Forsythe Cassandra E. , Phinney Stephen D. , Fernandez Maria Luz , Quann Erin E. , Wood Richard J. , Bibus Doug M. , Kraemer William J. , Feinman Richard D. , Volek Jeff S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAbnormal distribution of plasma fatty acids and increased inflammation are prominent features of metabolic syndrome. We tested whether these components of metabolic syndrome, like dyslipidemia and glycemia, are responsive to carbohydrate restriction. Overweight men and women with atherogenic dyslipidemia consumed ad libitum diets very low in carbohydrate (VLCKD) (1504 kcal:%CHO:fat:protein = 12:59:28) or low in fat (LFD) (1478 kcal:%CHO:fat:protein = 56:24:20) for 12 weeks. In comparison to the LFD, the VLCKD resulted in an increased proportion of serum total n‐6 PUFA, mainly attributed to a marked increase in arachidonate (20:4n‐6), while its biosynthetic metabolic intermediates were decreased. The n‐6/n‐3 and arachidonic/eicosapentaenoic acid ratio also increased sharply. Total saturated fatty acids and 16:1n‐7 were consistently decreased following the VLCKD. Both diets significantly decreased the concentration of several serum inflammatory markers, but there was an overall greater anti‐inflammatory effect associated with the VLCKD, as evidenced by greater decreases in TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8, MCP‐1, E‐selectin, I‐CAM, and PAI‐1. Increased 20:4n‐6 and the ratios of 20:4n‐6/20:5n‐3 and n‐6/n‐3 are commonly viewed as pro‐inflammatory, but unexpectedly were consistently inversely associated with responses in inflammatory proteins. In summary, a very low carbohydrate diet resulted in profound alterations in fatty acid composition and reduced inflammation compared to a low fat diet.
Crystal structures of the two major aggrecan degrading enzymes, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5
Authors: Mosyak Lidia , Georgiadis Katy , Shane Tania , Svenson Kristine , Hebert Tracy , McDonagh Thomas , Mackie Stewart , Olland Stephane , Lin Laura , Zhong Xiaotian , Kriz Ronald , Reifenberg Erica L. , Collins‐Racie Lisa A. , Corcoran Christopher , Freeman Bethany , Zollner Richard , Marvell Tod , Vera Matthew , Sum Phaik‐Eng , Lavallie Edward R. , Stahl Mark , Somers William 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAggrecanases are now believed to be the principal proteinases responsible for aggrecan degradation in osteoarthritis. Given their potential as a drug target, we solved crystal structures of the two most active human aggrecanase isoforms, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5, each in complex with bound inhibitor and one wherein the enzyme is in apo form. These structures show that the unliganded and inhibitor‐bound enzymes exhibit two essentially different catalytic‐site configurations: an autoinhibited, nonbinding, closed form and an open, binding form. On this basis, we propose that mature aggrecanases exist as an ensemble of at least two isomers, only one of which is proteolytically active.
Anchoring TRP to the INAD macromolecular complex requires the last 14 residues in its carboxyl terminus
Authors: Peng Li , Popescu Daniela C. , Wang Ning , Shieh Bih‐Hwa 
Published: November 2007

J. Neurochem. (2008) 104, 1526–1535.Abstract Drosophila transient‐receptor‐potential (TRP) is a Ca2+ channel responsible for the light‐dependent depolarization of photoreceptors. TRP is anchored to a macromolecular complex by tethering to inactivation‐no‐afterpotential D (INAD). We previously reported that INAD associated with the carboxyl tail of TRP via its third post‐synaptic density protein 95, discs‐large, zonular occludens‐1 domain. In this paper, we further explored the molecular basis of the INAD interaction and demonstrated the requirement of the last 14 residues of TRP, with the critical contribution of Gly1262, Val1266, Trp1274, and Leu1275. We also revealed by pull‐down assays that the last 14 residues of TRP comprised the minimal sequence that competes with the endogenous TRP from fly extracts, leading to the co‐purification of a partial INAD complex containing INAD, no‐receptor‐potential A, and eye‐protein kinase C (PKC). Eye‐PKC is critical for the negative regulation of the visual signaling and was shown to phosphorylate TRP in vivo. To uncover the substrates of eye‐PKC in the INAD complex, we designed a complex‐dependent eye‐PKC assay, which utilized endogenous INAD complexes isolated from flies. We demonstrate that activated eye‐PKC phosphorylates INAD, TRP but not no‐receptor‐potential A. Moreover, phosphorylation of TRP is dependent on the presence of both eye‐PKC and INAD. Together, these findings indicate that stable kinase‐containing protein complexes may be isolated by pull‐down assays, and used in this modified kinase assay to investigate phosphorylation of the proteins in the complex. We conclude that TRP associates with INAD via its last 14 residues to facilitate its regulation by eye‐PKC that fine‐tunes the visual signaling.
Breeding success of Spotted Flycatchers Muscicapa striata in southern England – is woodland a good habitat for this species?
Authors: STEVENS DANAË K. , ANDERSON GUY Q. A. , GRICE PHIL V. , NORRIS KEN 
Published: November 2007

The UK population of the Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata has declined markedly in the last 30 years but there have been few recent studies of the species. This study examined the relationship between nest success and the predominant habitat type around Spotted Flycatcher nests in two contrasting areas of England. A breeding population in eastern England, a region where numbers of Spotted Flycatchers are known to have decreased dramatically in recent decades, was compared with another in southwest England, where numbers have remained stable or even increased. Whilst there was no difference in breeding success between the two study areas, there were significant differences between habitats, with garden nests more successful than those in farmland or woodland, at both egg and chick stages. Estimates of productivity per nesting attempt were also lower in farmland and woodland, with nests in gardens fledging twice as many chicks as those in either woodland or farmland. The proximate cause of lower success in farmland and woodland was higher nest predation rates during both egg and chick stages. In terms of nesting success, farmland and woodland appear to be similar in quality for this species, but both appear to be suboptimal habitats when compared with gardens, providing evidence of a problem on the breeding grounds for this species, in at least these two habitats.
Effect of Partial Oxygen Supply on Mitochondrial Electron Transport System During Complete Cardiac Ischemia
Authors: Konuralp Cuneyt , Guner Saadettin , Cakatay Ufuk , Konuralp Zeynep , Yapici Nihan , Maçika Hüseyin , Aydo˘an Hakki , Aykut‐Aka Serap , Alhan Cem , Gultepe Mustafa , Eren Ergin E. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract During complete ischemia we assessed myocardial utilization of the small amount of oxygen available. We also determined whether blood cardioplegia has any advantage over crystalloid cardioplegia in this setting. Patients with preserved left ventricular myocardial function and without anterolateral wall infarct or aneurysm were included to the study. Intermittent cold blood and crystalloid cardioplegia were used in 10 patients (group BC) and 9 patients (group CC), respectively. From myocardial biopsies, obtained before and after ischemia, complete electron transport system (ETS) enzyme activities (NDH, SDH, NCCR, SCCR, and COX) and lactate content were analyzed. Biochemical and hemodynamic analyses also were done. Myocardial and blood temperatures were monitored.Ischemic time was longer in group CC (p < 0.05). There were no important differences in biochemical and hemodynamic variables between the two groups. In addition, there was no difference in NDH and SDH activities as well as COX/SCCR and COX/RS‐NCCR ratios between the two groups before and after ischemia. After Ischemia, RS‐NCCR in group CC and SCCR and COX activities in both groups were lower than the control. For all enzymes, activity change ratios were not different between groups. Myocardial lactate content was increased in both groups after ischemia. However, the increase in group BC was less (p < 0.01).Based on our findings, we believe that the superiority of blood cardioplegia over crystalloid cardioplegia does not depend on oxygen content, but on other factors such as buffering and free oxygen radical scavenger effects among others. However, with the warm and continuous blood cardioplegia technique, oxygen content might be more important.
Is It Possible to Become Happier? (And If So, How?)
Authors: Sheldon Kennon M. , Lyubomirsky Sonja 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlthough some theory suggests that it is impossible to increase one's subjective well‐being (SWB), our ‘sustainable happiness model’ (Lyubomirsky, Sheldon, & Schkade, 2005) specifies conditions under which this may be accomplished. To illustrate the three classes of predictor in the model, we first review research on the demographic/circumstantial, temperament/personality, and intentional/experiential correlates of SWB. We then introduce the sustainable happiness model, which suggests that changing one's goals and activities in life is the best route to sustainable new SWB. However, the goals and activities must be of certain positive types, must fit one's personality and needs, must be practiced diligently and successfully, must be varied in their timing and enactment, and must provide a continued stream of fresh positive experiences. Research supporting the model is reviewed, including new research suggesting that happiness intervention effects are not just placebo effects.
Teaching without a Textbook: Strategies to Focus Learning on Fundamental Concepts and Scientific Process
Authors: Klymkowsky M. W. 
Published: November 2007

Note from the Editor Textbooks are ubiquitous. They are available for almost every conceivable subdiscipline of biology, and few of us would consider teaching a course without using a textbook. Over the years, they have become more colorful, more encyclopedic, and accompanied by more ancillary materials such as CD-ROMs, study guides, and websites. With all these tools to assist our students, it seems reasonable that they are able to learn more and better than ever. Thus, the question most instructors ask themselves is most likely which textbook to use, not whether to use a textbook. But does the use of textbooks really help students learn better? In this Point of View, I invited a commentary on this question from a faculty member who has decided to abandon the use of a textbook in an introductory level cell and molecular biology course. —Gary Reiness
A Bayesian Sensitivity Analysis of Out‐of‐hospital 12‐lead Electrocardiograms: Implications for Regionalization of Cardiac Care
Authors: Youngquist Scott T. , Kaji Amy H. , Lipsky Ari M. , Koenig William J. , Niemann James T. 
Published: November 2007

Background The effectiveness of out‐of‐hospital regionalization of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients to hospitals providing primary percutaneous coronary intervention depends on the accuracy of the out‐of‐hospital 12‐lead electrocardiogram (PHTL). Although estimates of sensitivity and specificity of PHTL for STEMI have been reported, the impact of out‐of‐hospital STEMI prevalence on positive predictive value (PPV) has not been evaluated. Objectives To describe the relationship between varying population STEMI prevalences and PHTL predictive values, using ranges of PHTL sensitivity and specificity. Methods The authors performed a Bayesian analysis using PHTL, where values for sensitivities (60%–70%), specificities (98%), and two prevalence ranges (0.5%–5% and 5%–20%) were derived from a literature review. PPV prediction intervals were compared with three months of prospective data from the Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services Agency STEMI regionalization program. Results When the estimated prevalence of STEMI in the out‐of‐hospital population is 5%–20%, the median PPV of the PHTL is 83% (95% credible interval [CrI] = 53% to 97%). However, if the population prevalence of STEMI is between 0.5% and 5%, the median PPV is 43% (95% CrI = 12% to 86%). When the PPV prediction intervals were incorporated with the Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services Agency data, the PPV was 66%. Conclusions Even when assuming high specificity for PHTL, the false‐positive rate will be considerable if applied to a population at low risk for STEMI. Before broadening application of PHTL to low‐risk patients, the implications of a high false‐positive rate should be considered.