bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social work students' and practitioners' views on the need for training Caribbean social workers in disaster management
Authors: Rock Letnie F. , Corbin Charles A. 
Published: April 2007

English The views of undergraduate social work students and practitioners in Barbados regarding the need for training in disaster management are discussed. Data were collected through questionnaires and the findings were used to highlight implications for education, training, practice and research in social work. High-quality training is needed. French Cet article explore le point de vue de praticiens et d'é tudiants de premier cycle en travail social de la Barbade concernant le besoin de formation en gestion des catastrophes. Les donné es ont é té recueillies par voie de questionnaires et les conclusions indiquent des pistes d'action en ce qui a trait à l'enseignement, la formation, la pratique et la recherche en travail social. Il en ressort qu'une formation de haut niveau s'impose. Spanish En este artículo, exploramos las perspectivas de los estudiantes y practicantes de trabajo social en Barbados, relativas a la necesidad de entrenamiento en el manejo del desastre. Obtuvimos los datos a travé s de cuestionarios y utilizamos los hallazgos para subrayar las implicaciones en educació n, entrenamiento, práctica e investigació n en trabajo social. Es necesario un entrenamiento de alta calidad.
Experience from capacity-building courses for social workers in Iraq
Authors: Aamodt Lind Wencke 
Published: April 2007

English This article illustrates the difficult situation for social workers in Iraq. It considers the experiences of carrying out six two-week courses where the author met 140 social workers. He describes this experience, drawing on meetings with social workers, the theoretical challenges, dilemmas and results of this endeavor. French Cette étude met en relief les difficiles conditions des travailleurs sociaux en Irak. Elle relate une expérience de formation de six sessions de cours de deux semaines qui a rejoint 140 travailleurs sociaux. L'auteur réfléchit sur cette expérience, tire des conclusions de ses rencontres avec les travailleurs sociaux et examine les défis théoriques, les dilemmes et les résultats de cette entreprise. Spanish Se expone la difícil situació n de los trabajadores sociales en el Irak. Se considera la experiencia de hacer seis cursos de dos semanas cada uno, en los que me encontré con 140 trabajadores sociales. Reflexiono sobre esa experiencia partiendo de mis reuniones con trabajadores sociales, los retos teó ricos, los dilemas, y los resultados de este empeño.
The competence of Hong Kong social work students in working with victims of the 2004 tsunami disaster
Authors: Tang Kwong-leung , Cheung Chau-kiu 
Published: April 2007

English Social workers' competence in international disaster relief work involves making expedient use of services and resources. Their competence develops from their individual autonomy and experiences of empowerment. The hypothesis in this article was developed from a survey of 215 social work students from Hong Kong involved in disaster relief. French La compé tence des travailleurs sociaux en contexte de relè ve de catastrophe internationale dé pend de leur aptitude à exploiter efficacement les services et les ressources disponibles. Cette compé tence se dé veloppe à partir de leur autonomie personnelle et de leurs expé riences d'empowerment. Ce sont les hypothè ses posé es dans cet article, ré sultat d'une enquête auprè s de 215 é tudiants de Hong Kong en travail social ayant participé à la relè ve du sinistre. Spanish La competencia de los trabajadores sociales durante desastres internacionales consiste en utilizar pronto y eficazmente servicios y recursos. Su competencia es funció n de su autonomìa y experiencia en conferir poder a otros. Se desarrolla una hipó tesis a partir de una encuesta de 215 estudiantes del Hong Kong envueltos en trabajo de ayuda durante desastres.
Effects of Intraosseous Implantation of Silica-based Bioactive Glass Particles on Rat Kidney under Experimental Renal Failure
Authors: Gorustovich Alejandro A. , Monserrat Alberto J. , Guglielmotti Maria B. , Cabrini Romulo L. 
Published: April 2007

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of intraosseous implantation of silica-based bioactive glass (BG) particles on rat kidney under experimental renal failure. The animals are assigned to one of the two groups: renal failure (RF) and renal failure + bioactive glass (RF + BG). Particles of melt-derived 45S5 BG are implanted in the marrow of one tibia of each animal in the RF + BG group. The animals are killed 24 h and 14 days postimplantation. The RF + BG group exhibits a statistically significant increase in serum urea 24 h postimplantation. The tibiae of the RF + BG group are resected and embedded in methyl-methacrylate resin. Ground sections are analyzed by light microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The presence of silicon, calcium, and phosphorus is evaluated in the BG particles. A 55% reduction in silicon content is observed at 14 days postimplantation as compared with that at 24 h. Light microscopy analysis reveals lesions in kidney parenchyma. Hyperplasia associated with nuclear vacuolization in the tubules and a marked thickening of the basal membrane are observed in the renal cortex of the RF + BG animals killed at 24 h postimplantation, but not in those at 14 days. The present results demonstrate reversible renal cell injury in rats exposed to intraosseous implantation of silica-based BG particles under experimental RF.
Cnot7-Null Mice Exhibit High Bone Mass Phenotype and Modulation of BMP Actions
Authors: Washio-Oikawa Kaoru , Nakamura Takahisa , Usui Michihiko , Yoneda Mitsuhiro , Ezura Youichi , Ishikawa Isao , Nakashima Kazuhisa , Noda Tetsuo , Yamamoto Tadashi , Noda Masaki 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Cnot7 is a recently identified regulator of spermatogenesis in adult mice. Because Cnot7 binds to Tob, a BMP inhibitor shown to be involved in bone metabolism, we examined whether Cnot7 is involved in bone mass regulation by using adult Cnot7 deficient mice. Cnot7−/− mice exhibited a high bone mass phenotype. This was associated with an increase in bone formation rate but not with any alteration in bone resorption parameters. On BMP treatment, Cnot7−/− cells expressed higher levels of alkaline phosphatase compared with control cells. Direct BMP2 injection induced larger bone mass in Cnot7−/− calvaria than control in vivo. These observations revealed that Cnot7 is an endogenous suppressor of bone mass and inhibits BMP actions in osteoblasts.
Introduction: The molecular mechanisms involved in the determination of bone mass have been gradually understood based on recent analyses. Cnot7 (Ccr4-Not complex 7) is a component of transcriptional Ccr4-Not complex, is conserved from yeast to human, and binds to Tob, but its function in bone is not understood.
Materials and Methods: To elucidate the role of involvement of Cnot7 in bone mass determination, we examined the bone of adult male Cnot7-null and heterozygous mice based on μCT analyses, histomorphometry, cell cultures, and in vivo BMP assays.
Results: Cnot7−/− mice showed an increase in bone mass levels by &gt;50% compared with controls. Analyses of the histomorphometric parameters indicated that bone formation activity in Cnot7−/− mice was enhanced, whereas bone resorption activity was not altered. These effects on osteoblasts were cell autonomous because mineralized nodule formation was enhanced in the cultures of bone marrow cells prepared from Cnot7−/− mice. In vitro analyses to elucidate Cnot7 effects revealed that BMP-induced expression of alkaline phosphatase in Cnot7−/− calvaria-derived osteoblastic cells was enhanced compared with controls. Moreover, BMP injection—induced new bone formation in vivo was enhanced in Cnot7−/− mice.
Conclusions: These observations indicated that Cnot7 is an endogenous suppressor of bone mass in adult mice and inhibits BMP actions.
Bone Loss, Weight Loss, and Weight Fluctuation Predict Mortality Risk in Elderly Men and Women
Authors: Nguyen Nguyen D , Center Jacqueline R , Eisman John A , Nguyen Tuan V 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLow baseline BMD, rate of BMD loss, weight loss, and weight fluctuation are significant predictors of all-cause mortality in elderly men and women, independent of each other and of age, incident fracture, and concomitant diseases.Introduction: Although low BMD has been shown to be associated with mortality in women, the effect of BMD is affected by weight and weight change and the contribution of these factors to mortality risk, particularly in men, is not known. This study examined the association between baseline BMD, rate of bone loss, weight loss, and weight fluctuation and all-cause mortality risk in elderly men and women.Materials and Methods: Data from 1059 women and 644 men, ≥60 years of age (as of 1989), of white background who participated in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study were analyzed. All-cause mortality was recorded annually between 1989 and 2004. BMD at the femoral neck was measured by DXA (GE-LUNAR) at baseline and at approximately every 2 yr afterward. Data on incident osteoporotic fractures and concomitant diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, all types of cancer, and type I/II diabetes mellitus, was also recorded.Results: In the multivariable Cox's proportional hazards model with adjustment for age, incident fractures, and concomitant diseases, the following variables were independent risk factors of all-cause mortality in men: rate of BMD loss of at least 1%/yr, rate of weight loss of at least 1%/yr, and weight fluctuation (defined by the CV) of at least 3%. In women, in addition to the significant factors observed in men, lower baseline BMD was also an independent risk factor of mortality. In both sexes, baseline weight was not an independent and significant predictor of mortality risk. Approximately 36% and 22% of deaths in women and men, respectively, were attributable to the four risk factors.Conclusions: These data suggest that, although low BMD was a risk factor of mortality in women, it was not a risk factor of mortality in men. However, high rates of BMD loss, weight loss, and weight fluctuation were also independent predictors of all-cause mortality in elderly men and women, independent of age, incident fracture, and concomitant diseases.
Bone Healing and Migration of Cord Blood—Derived Stem Cells Into a Critical Size Femoral Defect After Xenotransplantation
Authors: Jäger Marcus , Degistirici Özer , Knipper Andreas , Fischer Johannes , Sager Martin , Krauspe Rüdiger 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Stem cell and tissue engineering—based therapies have become a promising option to heal bony defects in the future. Human cord blood—derived mesenchymal stem cells were seeded onto a collagen/tricalcium phosphate scaffold and xenotransplanted into critical size femoral defects of 46 nude rats. We found a survival of human cells within the scaffold and surrounding bone/bone marrow up to 4 wk after transplantation and an increased bone healing rate compared with controls without stem cells. This study supports the application of cord blood stem cells for bone regeneration.
Introduction: The treatment of critical size bone defects is still a challenging problem in orthopedics. In this study, the survival, migration, and bone healing promoting potency of cord blood—derived stem cells were elucidated after xenotransplantation into a critical size femoral defect in athymic nude rats.
Materials and Methods: Unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) isolated from human cord blood were tested toward their mesenchymal in vitro potency and cultivated onto a collagen I/III and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold. The biomaterial-USSC composite was transplanted into a 4-mm femoral defect of 40 nude rats and stabilized by an external fixator. Twelve animals without USSCs served as controls. Cell survival, migration, and bone formation were evaluated by blood samples, X-rays, and histological and immunocytochemical analysis of different organs within a maximal postoperative follow-up of 10 wk.
Results: Of the 52 nude rats, 46 animals were evaluated (drop-out rate: 11.5%). Human-derived stem cells showed an engraftment within the scaffold and adjacent femur up to 4 wk after xenotransplantation. With further time, the human cells were destroyed by the host organism. We found a significant increase in bone formation in the study group compared with controls. USSC transplantation did not significantly influence blood count or body weight in athymic nude rats. Whereas the collagen I/III scaffold was almost resorbed 10 wk after transplantation, there were still significant amounts of TCP present in transplantation sites at this time.
Conclusions: Human cord blood—derived stem cells showed significant engraftment in bone marrow, survived within a collagen-TCP scaffold up to 4 wk, and increased local bone formation in a nude rat's femoral defect.
Aging Reduces Skeletal Blood Flow, Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation, and NO Bioavailability in Rats
Authors: Prisby Rhonda D , Ramsey Michael W , Behnke Brad J , Dominguez James M , Donato Anthony J , Allen Matthew R , Delp Michael D 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
We determined whether aging diminishes bone blood flow and impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Femoral perfusion was lower in old animals, as well as endothelium-dependent vasodilation and NO bioavailability. These effects could contribute to old age—related bone loss and the increased risk of fracture.
Introduction: Aging has been shown to diminish bone blood flow in rats and humans. The purpose of this study was to determine whether blood flow to regions of the femur perfused primarily through the principal nutrient artery (PNA) are diminished with aging and whether this putative reduction in flow is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
Materials and Methods: Blood flow was measured in conscious young adult (4–6 mo old) and aged (24–26 mo old) male Fischer-344 rats using radiolabeled microspheres. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the PNA was assessed in vitro using acetylcholine (ACh), whereas the contribution of the NO synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) signaling pathways to endothelium-dependent vasodilation was determined using the NOS and COX inhibitors L-NAME and indomethacin, respectively.
Results: Femoral blood flow in the aged rats was 21% and 28% lower in the proximal and distal metaphyses, respectively, and 45% lower in the diaphyseal marrow. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was reduced with old age (young: 83 ± 6% maximal relaxation; aged: 62 ± 5% maximal relaxation), whereas endothelium-independent vasodilation (sodium nitroprusside) was unaffected by age. The reduction in endothelium-dependent vasodilation was mediated through impairment of the NOS signaling pathway, which resulted in lower NO bioavailability (young: 168 ± 56 nM; aged: 50 ± 7 nM).
Conclusions: These data show that reductions in metaphyseal bone and diaphyseal marrow perfusion with old age are associated with diminished endothelium-dependent vasodilation through an impairment of the NOS mechanism. Such age-related changes in bone perfusion and vascular NO signaling could impact clinical bone loss, increase risk of fracture, and impair fracture healing in the elderly.
Association Between Physical Activity and BMD in Young Men Is Modulated by Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Genotype: The GOOD Study
Authors: Lorentzon Mattias , Eriksson Anna L , Nilsson Staffan , Mellström Dan , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
In this large population-based study in young men, we show that the COMT val158met polymorphism modulates the association between physical activity, aBMD (DXA), and trabecular vBMD (pQCT).
Introduction: Peak BMD is an important predictor of future risk of osteoporosis and is largely determined by genetic factors but also by environmental factors, among which physical activity (PA) is a strong contributor. Estrogens are believed to influence the mechanical strain signal generated by bones subjected to mechanical loading. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is involved in the degradation of estrogens. A functional polymorphism in the COMT gene (val158met), results in a 60–75% difference in enzyme activity between the val (high activity = H) and met (low activity = L) variants. The aim of this study was to determine if the COMT val158met polymorphism modulates the association between PA and BMD in young men.
Materials and Methods: The Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study consists of 1068 men (age, 18.9 ± 0.6 yr). Areal BMD (aBMD) was measured by DXA, whereas cortical and trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) were measured by pQCT. Study subjects were genotyped and classified as COMTLL, COMTHL, or COMTHH. The amount (h/wk) of PA was determined through questionnaires.
Results: Using a linear regression model (including age, height, weight, smoking, and calcium intake as covariates), significant interactions between the COMT genotype and PA were seen for aBMD at all sites and for trabecular vBMD in both the radius and the tibia. The difference in adjusted aBMD and trabecular vBMD between high (≥4 h/wk) and low PA (&lt;4 h/wk) was greater in COMTLL subjects than in subjects homozygous for the COMTHH (total body aBMD: COMTLL 4.2% versus COMTHH 1.5%, p = 0.02; lumbar spine aBMD: COMTLL 7.8% versus COMTHH 3.9%, p = 0.04; tibia trabecular vBMD: COMTLL 7.1% versus COMTHH 1.0%, p &lt; 0.01). The COMT polymorphism was associated with aBMD, at all sites and with trabecular vBMD in the low-PA subjects, but not in their high-PA counterparts.
Conclusions: We show that the COMT val158met polymorphism modulates the association between PA, aBMD, and trabecular vBMD, suggesting that this polymorphism is of importance for BMD in subjects with a low level of PA.
LIF Inhibits Osteoblast Differentiation at Least in Part by Regulation of HAS2 and Its Product Hyaluronan
Authors: Falconi Dominic , Aubin Jane E 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
LIF arrests osteogenesis in fetal rat calvaria cells in a differentiation stage-specific manner. Differential display identified HAS2 as a LIF-induced gene and its product, HA, modulated osteoblast differentiation similarly to LIF. Our data suggest that LIF arrests osteoblast differentiation by altering HA content of the extracellular matrix.
Introduction: Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) elicits both anabolic and catabolic effects on bone. We previously showed in the fetal rat calvaria (RC) cell system that LIF inhibits osteoblast differentiation at the late osteoprogenitor/early osteoblast stage.
Materials and Methods: To uncover potential molecular mediators of this inhibitory activity, we used a positive-negative genome-wide differential display screen to identify LIF-induced changes in the developing osteoblast transcriptome.
Results: Although LIF signaling is active throughout the RC cell proliferation-differentiation sequence, only a relatively small number of genes, in several different functional clusters, are modulated by LIF specifically during the LIF-sensitive inhibitory time window. Based on their known and predicted functions, most of the LIF-regulated genes identified are plausible candidates to be involved in the LIF-induced arrest of osteoprogenitor differentiation. To test this hypothesis, we further analyzed the function of one of the genes identified, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), in the LIF-induced inhibition. Synthesis of hyaluronan (HA), the product of HAS enzymatic activity, was stimulated by LIF and mimicked the HAS2 expression profile, with highest expression in early/proliferative and late/maturing cultures and lowest levels in intermediate/late osteoprogenitor—early osteoblast cultures. Exogenously added high molecular weight HA, the product of HAS2, dose-dependently inhibited osteoblast differentiation, with pulse-treatment effective in the same differentiation stage-specific inhibitory window as seen with LIF. In addition, however, pulse treatment with HA in early cultures slightly increased bone nodule formation. Treatment with hyaluronidase, on the other hand, stimulated bone nodule formation in early cultures but caused a small dose-dependent inhibition of osteoblast differentiation in the LIF- and HA-sensitive late time window.
Conclusions: Together the data suggest that osteoblast differentiation is acutely sensitive to HA levels and that LIF inhibits osteoblast development at least in part by stimulating high molecular weight HA synthesis through HAS2.
Estimation of Potential Impacts from Offshore Liquefied Natural Gas Terminals on Red Snapper and Red Drum Fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico: An Alternative Approach
Authors: Gallaway Benny J. , Gazey William J. , Cole John G. , Fechhelm Robert G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAs of October 1, 2005, seven offshore liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals have been proposed to be sited in offshore waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Six of these facilities have opted to use open‐rack vaporizers (ORVs) to heat and regasify the LNG and one plans to use a combination open‐closed‐loop system. Each of the terminals would require on the order of 100‐200 million gallons (380‐760 × 106 L) of seawater per day to vaporize the LNG. The potential impact on fishery stocks resulting from the entrainment of fish eggs and larvae has emerged as the foremost issue associated with the LNG terminals. The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) and the Maritime Administration (MARAD) have used forward‐projecting equivalent adult models (EAMs) to evaluate the expected levels of impacts from entrainment and have concluded that the effects, while adverse, are minor. The results of these analyses have, however, predicted losses of a magnitude that have been interpreted by resource managers to represent significant reductions in important, overfished stocks of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus and red snapper Lutjanus campechanus. In this paper we show that the forward‐projecting EAMs are probably inappropriate and describe a fecundity hindcasting approach that is used in conjunction with the existing stock assessment models to estimate the impacts of entrainment on stocks and yields. The results of these analyses suggest that the effects on red drum yields are 387‐fold lower than the impacts on red drum yield estimated by the USCG and MARAD using the forward‐projecting EAM. For red snapper the impacts on yield using the fecundity hindcasting approach are 19‐fold lower than the effects estimated by the USCG and MARAD using the forward‐projecting approach. If our estimates are correct, the proposed LNG terminals will have minor adverse impacts on the subject stocks.
Is There a Place for Insulin Pump Therapy in Your Practice?
Authors: Skyler Jay S. , Ponder Steven , Kruger Davida F. , Matheson Della , Parkin Christopher G. 
Published: April 2007

IN BRIEFInsulin pump therapy is becoming a preferred treatment modality of diabetes specialists for the management of patients with diabetes. As a result,internists, general practitioners, nurse practitioners, and allied health care professionals will more frequently encounter patients using, or desiring to use, these devices. This article serves as an introduction to the principles that guide patient selection, patient education of self-management skills, and the practical aspects of pump management that everyone assisting patients on pump therapy should be aware of.