bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volatile hydrocarbon and carbonyl products of lipid peroxidation: A comparison of pentane, ethane, hexanal, and acetone as in vivo indices
Authors: Dillard Cora J. , Tappel Al L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA study was undertaken to determine whether respiratory hexanal and acetone as well as pentane and ethane could be measured as potential indices of lipid peroxidation in vivo. The tests of induction of lipid peroxidation in rats included injection of iron‐dextran and the vitamin E deficiency status. Injection of 460 mg of iron/100 g body wt over a 28‐day period increased pentane and ethane production 4‐ and 6‐fold, respectively. Hexanal production was increased 7‐fold after injection of 60 mg of iron/100 g body wt, and then it fell back to the preinjection level in spite of continued injection of iron‐dextran. Acetone production was lower in iron‐injected rats than in controls, and it was ca. 10‐fold higher in fasted vitamin E‐deficient rats than in vitamin E‐supplemented rats, being ca 48 and 5 nmol/100 g/min, respectively. It was observed that halomethane injection did not increase hexanal production, while acetone and pentane production were increased. Pentane and hexanal, but not acetone, were found to arise from decomposition of linoleic acid hydroperoxide in vitro. It was concluded that hydrocarbon gases are better indices of lipid peroxidation than hexanal, which is enzymatically metabolized, and acetone, the production of which is dominated by factors such as altered carbohydrate metabolism.
Effect of estrogen on fatty acid synthetase in the chicken oviduct and liver
Authors: Aprahamian Simon , Arslanian Michael J. , Stoops James K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEstrogen administered to one‐month‐old female chickens resulted in a 180‐fold increase in the amount of fatty acid synthetase, a seven‐fold increase in the enzyme activity per gram of tissue and a 25‐fold increase in the weight of the oviduct. In contrast, the fatty acid synthetase content in liver increased three‐fold; activity per gram of tissue increased two‐fold and the weight increased two‐fold. The alrge increase in the fatty acid synthetase activity in the oviduct was due to a corresponding increase in the amount of the fatty acid synthetase protein since the specific activities of highly purified preparations of oviduct and liver fatty acid synthetases were the same and the two enzymes had the same end point as determined by immunoprecipitation. That the increase in activity of the oviduct enzyme is not due to a modification was further supported by physicochemical comparison of the oviduct enzyme with the chicken liver enzyme. Thus, the synthetase complexes have similar size, their subunit composition and size appear to be the same, and both are multifunctional enzymes. Finally, kinetic studies and product analyses indicated no catalytic difference between the enzyme induced by estrogen in the oviduct and the liver enzyme.
The effect of hibernation on the positional distribution of ethanolamineglycerophospholipid fatty acids in hamster brain membranes
Authors: Blaker William D. , Moscatelli Ezio A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMicrosomal and myelin membrane fractions were prepared from the brains of warm‐adapted (room temperature) and hibernating Syrian Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Ethanolamineglycerophospholipids were isolated and subjected to a fraction scheme to separate the fatty acids of the plasmenylethanolamine and the phosphatidylethanolamine 1 and 2 positions. The major changes in microsomal phosphatidylethanolamine with hibernation were relative increases in 18∶1 at the 1 position and 20∶4(n−6) in the 2 position. In myelin, 18∶1 increased and 18∶0 decreased at the 1 position while the 2 position showed an increase in 16∶0 and a decrease in 22∶6(n−3). Plasmenylethanolamine fatty acids also changed in microsomes and myelin although the magnitudes were not as great and confined to longer chain fatty acids. In both membranes, fatty acid alterations were position‐specific, and no new types of fatty acids were introduced at any position.
Long chain phenols: Part XI. Composition of natural cashew nutshell liquid (Anacardium occidentale) from various sources
Authors: Tyman John H. , Kiong Lam Soot 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe composition of cashew nutsAnacardium occidentale from different terrestrial sources has been studied. Samples from Brazil, Ceylon, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Tanzania have been solvent extracted to recover the phenolic shell liquid (natural CNSL) separate from the kernel oil. The recovered materials from the different sources were present from 23.6% to 27.7%. After hydrogenation of the side chains and methylation of the acidic groups, the component phenols anacardic acid (74.1% to 77.4%), cardol (15.0% to 20.1%), 2‐methyl cardol (1.7% to 2.6%), and cardanol (1.2% to 9.2%) were determined by gas liquid chromatography on polyethyleneglycol adipate. The component phenols have been separated by adsorption thin layer chromatography, and their triene (AN‐15∶3, 36.3% to 50.4%), diene (AN‐15∶2, 17.8% to 32.1%), monoene (AN‐15∶1, 25.0%, to 33.3%), and saturated (AN‐15∶0, 2.2% to 3.0%) constituents determined by mass spectroscopy. The results of mass spectroscopic analysis have been confirmed by methylation of the separated component phenols and gas liquid chromatography. It is apparent that the largest variation is in the % cardanol (1.2% to 9.2%). While the total percentage of unsaturated constituents is quite similar, the distribution of triene, diene, and monoene varies widely.
Effects of ethanol ingestion and dietary fat levels on mitochondrial lipids in male and female rats
Authors: Thompson John A. , Reitz Ronald C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effects of sex, dietary fat levels, and ethanol ingestion on rat liver mitochondrial lipids have been studied. Two groups of male animals were fed either a low‐fat diet for about 76 days or a high‐fat diet for about 52 days, and two groups of female animals were fed the same low‐fat diet for about 50 days or the high‐fat diet for about 37 days. Ethanol was substituted isocalorically for carbohydrate and amounted to 36% of total calories. The total as well as individual concentrations of fatty acids, phospholipids, and neutral lipids were determined in all eight groups of animals. Variable changes were observed in the total fatty acid composition of mitochondria from each of the four groups of animals. After ethanol ingestion, there was a decrease in arachidonate/linoleate ratio in males, while no change was observed in females. Increasing the fat content of the diet decreased this ratio in both controls and experimentals, but it did not alter the effects of ethanol on either sex. Presumably, this was due to the fact that corn oil was the only source of lipid. After ethanol ingestion, the total fatty acid concentration increased in all groups of animals except the males fed the low‐fat diet. A decrease was observed in this group. The same pattern of change was reflected in changes in total phospholipid concentrations. In each case, the majority of the concentration change in total phospholipid could be accounted for by changes in phosphatidylcholine (PC). Measurement of choline oxidase (C.O.) showed that ethanol ingestion increased C.O. activity only in the low‐fat group of males. No change was observed in the other three groups. Chronic ethanol ingestion is known to increase the methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); therefore, in order to decrease PC, the increase in C.O. in the low‐fat males must have been of sufficient magnitude to offset the increase in PE methylation. Increasing the fat content of the diet offset the effect of ethanol on C.O. in males. Neither ethanol nor fat exerted much effect on C.O. in females. These results emphasize the importance of dietary levels of fat as well as sex in the study of liver mitochondria structure and function in relation to ethanol metabolism.
Synthesis and mass spectrometry of 1‐acyl and 3‐acyl‐sn‐glycerol carbonates
Authors: Oehlenschläger J. , Gercken G. 
Published: November 2006

Abstractsn‐Glycerol‐1,2‐carbonate was prepared fromD‐serine,sn‐glycerol‐2,3‐carbonate fromL‐serine, via 1‐0‐ or 3‐0‐benzyl‐sn‐glycerol, respectively.sn‐Glycerol‐2,3‐carbonate was also prepared fromD‐mannitol orD‐serine following thesn‐glycerol‐3‐β,β,β‐trichloroethylcarbonate route.sn‐Glycerol‐1,2‐carbonate andsn‐glycerol‐2,3‐carbonate were acylated with saturated and unsaturated fatty acid chlorides to form 3‐acyl‐sn‐glycerol‐1,2‐carbonates and 1‐acyl‐sn‐glycerol‐2,3‐carbonates, respectively. The mass spectra of the enantiomeric monoacyl‐sn‐glycerol carbonates showed molecular ions and acyl cations (RCO+) of high intensity. The heterocyclic dioxolan‐2‐one ring was remarkably stable during electron impact.
Liver lipid alterations in rats fed arginine deficient diets
Authors: Milner J. A. , Perkins E. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractArginine deficiency is associated with a marked increase in liver lipids in the rat. Triglyceride accumulation accounts for most of the fatty infiltration. Cholesterol concentration per gram of liver increased approximately 280% above control rats receiving dietary arginine. The percentage of phospholipids was significantly decreased in the arginine‐deficient rat liver compared to controls. The fatty acid composition revealed a significant reduction in the percentage of palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, and linoleic acids. However, both stearic and arachidonic acids were increased approximately 250 and 160%, respectively, in arginine‐deficient livers compared to controls. Arginine deficiency in the rat causes a marked alteration in lipid metabolism similar to that observed with orotic acid feeding. The similarities of arginine deficiency and orotic acid feeding are discussed.
Long and medium chain triglycerides increase plasma concentrations of ketone bodies in suckling rats
Authors: Yeh Yu‐Yan , Klein Leah Beth , Zee Paulus 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe potential of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) and long chain triglyceride (LCT) as sources of plasma ketones was investigated in suckling rats. Initially high concentrations of plasma ketones in 6‐, 10‐, and 17‐day‐old rats increased 2‐ to 3‐fold after acute feeding of MCT. This feeding had the same effect in fed or fasted adult rats. Corn oil (as a source of LCT) induced a large increase in the plasma ketone concentration of suckling rats and a relatively small but significant increase in fasted adult rats. The LCT treatment did not affect plasma ketone levels in fed adult rats. The results show clearly that feeding either LCT or MCT will enhance hyperketonemia in suckling rats. In the livers of all animals, regardless of age, the capacity for incorporation of [1‐14C] octanoate into CO2 and acetoacetate far exceeded that for [1‐14C] palmitate. The hyperketonemic action of LCT in suckling rats was accompanied by an increased activity of carnitine palmityltransferase and increased level of carnitine.
Bile acid sulfates: II. Synthesis of 3‐monosulfates of bile acids and their conjugates
Authors: Tserng K. ‐Y. , Klein P. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBile acid 3‐monosulfates were synthesized by the sulfation of 3‐hydroxy formyloxy bile acids with sulfur trioxide‐triethylamine in dimethylformamide at 25 C for 0.5 hr. The protecting formyl groups were then hydrolyzed under mild alkaline conditions, and the deformylated products were isolated as p‐toluidinium salts. These p‐toluidinium salts were converted easily to the corresponding disodium salts by methanolic sodium hydroxide. Disodium salts were then isolated by precipitation from methanolether. The corresponding glycine conjugates were similarly synthesized by the sulfation of ethyl esters of 3‐hydroxy formyloxy bile acid glycine conjugates. However, the taurine‐conjugated bile acid sulfates were obtained by conjugating bile acid 3‐monosulfates, either as triethylammonium salt or as disodium salt, with taurine in dimethylformamide in the presence of N‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐ethoxy‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline. These procedures produced the desired bile acid sulfates in high yield (typically above 90%) with minimum manipulation. No time‐consuming and capacity‐limited chromatographic purification was needed to isolate the pure sulfates. The thin layer chromatographic mobilities, the infrared spectra, and some of the preliminary studies of the properties of these synthesized 3‐monosulfates are also discussed.
The effects of clofibrate feeding on the metabolism of palmitate and erucate in isolated hepatocytes
Authors: Christiansen Renata Z. , Osmundsen Harald , Borrebaek Borgar , Bremer Jon 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe metabolism of palmitate and erucate has been investigated in hepatocytes isolated from control rats and from rats fed 0.3% clofibrate. Clofibrate increased the oxidation of [1‐14C]palmitate 1.5 to 2‐fold while the esterification was decreased. At a high concentration of palmitate (1.5 mM), the total rate of fatty acid metabolism was stimulated. Clofibrate stimulated both the oxidation (3.5 to 5‐fold) and the esterification (1.7‐fold) of [14‐14C]erucate. Erucate undergoes chain‐shortening in isolated liver cells. This chain‐shortening was stimulated at least 2‐fold by clofibrate feedings. The isolated mitochondrial fraction from clofibrate‐fed rats showed an increased capacity for oxidation of short‐chain acylcarnitines (including acetylcarnitine), while the oxidation of palmitoyl‐ and erucoylcarnitine showed little change. It is suggested that erucate is shortened by the recently detected β‐oxidation system of peroxisomes.
Fatty acid compositions of lipid fractions from vegetative cells and mature sorocarps of the cellular slime moldDictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Long Byron H. , Coe Elmon L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA wild‐type strain ofDictyostelium discoideum was grown uponAerobacter aerogenes. Fatty acid compositions of lipid fractions and of total lipids obtained from vegetative amoebae and mature sorocarps were compared. Fatty acids isolated from vegetative cells were found to include large quantities of 17‐ and 19‐carbon cyclopropane fatty acids while straight‐chain, saturated fatty acids represented only 10% (w/w) of total fatty acids. These cyclopropane fatty acids appear to be derived from ingested bacteria and are preferentially incorporated into neutral lipids of the slime mold. Development of amoebae to mature sorocarps is accompanied by a substantial decrease in cyclopropane fatty acid content and a concomitant increase in unsaturated fatty acids, mostly as octadeca‐5,11‐dienoic acid. The †‐22 stigmastenyl ester fraction is the richest source of this acid. Fully 65% of the fatty acids in this fraction are the octadecadienoate.
The phospholipids of rabbit type II alveolar epithelial cells: Comparison with lung lavage, lung tissue, alveolar macrophages, and a human alveolar tumor cell line
Authors: Rooney S. A. , Nardone L. L. , Shapiro D. L. , Motoyama E. K. , Gobran L. , Zaehringer N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe phospholipid composition of type II alveolar epithelial cells from the rabbit was compared with that of alveolar macrophages, lung lavage and lung tissue. In addition, the phospholipid composition of a human alveolar tumor cell line, which is morphologically similar to type II cells, was examined. Phosphatidylcholine accounted for 48% of the total phospholipid in the type II cells, 41% in the tumor cells, and 30% in the macrophages. Phosphatidylcholine was 51% disaturated in the type II cells, 54% in lung lavage, 39% in whole lung, 29% in lavaged lung and macrophages, and 16% in the tumor cells. Palmitic acid was the major fatty acid in phosphatidylcholine from all samples with the exception of the tumor cells in which almost half of the fatty acids were accounted for by oleic acid. The phospholipids of the type II cells were more similar to those of lung lavage, and thus surfactant, than to lung tissue and macrophages. This is consistent with their supposed role in surfactant production. The tumor cells, although morphologically similar to type II cells, were quite different with respect to phospholipid composition.
Hepatic triglyceride lipase deficiency in liver disease
Authors: Freeman Michael , Kuiken Lois , Ragland James B. , Sabesin Seymour M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe activity of post‐heparin lipases in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and viral hepatitis was evaluated. Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase were differentiated by assay under high and low salt conditions and also by separation on heparin‐agarose affinity chromatography columns. The mean activity of hepatic triglyceride lipase in the sera of liver disease patients was only 21–24% of the mean of controls, but lipoprotein lipase in patients' sera was not different from normal levels. Hepatic triglyceride lipase deficiency may partially account for the accumulation of a triglyceride‐rich low density lipoprotein in liver disease.
Stimulation of hepatic lipogenesis by eicosa‐5,8,11,14‐tetraynoic acid in mice fed a high linoleate diet
Authors: Abraham S. , McGrath Hope , Ananda Rao G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLiver slices, from mice fasted for one day and then refed for three days either a 15% corn oil diet or a 15% corn oil diet containing eicosa‐5,8,11,14‐tetraynoic acid (TYA), were incubated with [1‐14C] acetate or [3H]H2O to determine lipogenic capacity. Dietary TYA produced a twofold stimulation in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. TYA also caused an increase in the relative proportion of linoleate (C18∶2) and a decrease in that of arachidonate (C20∶4) in liver. Thus, (a) despite high levels of C18∶2, hepatic lipogenesis can be increased, and (b) even short term feeding of TYA can alter the hepatic fatty acid composition presumably by inhibition of arachidonate synthesis from linoleate.
Phosphono‐lipid content of the oyster,Crassostrea virginica, in three physiological conditions
Authors: Swift Mary L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe distribution of lipid‐bound phosphorus between the phosphodiester and phosphonate forms was determined for the oyster in three physiological conditions. The adductor muscle had the highest level of phosphonate phosphorus, 92 μg/g wet weight tissue, or 40.4% of all muscle phospholipids. The total phospholipid level (μg/g wet weight tissue) increased in all tissues of the oyster during starvation, as did the percentage of phosphonolipids in all tissues except the adductor muscle, in which it remained constant. These data suggest that during starvation the phosphonate bonds are conserved at the expense of phosphodiester bonds in oyster lipids.
Bis‐phosphatidic acid in developing soybeans and soybean suspension cultures
Authors: Stearns E. M. , Morton W. T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA phospholipid which rapidly accumulates radioactivity from [1‐14C] acetate administered to slices of developing soybeans or to suspension cultures of soybean cells was isolated. Its structure was identified by comparison of its properties and degradation products with those of authentic lipid standards using infrared absorption spectrometry, thin layer chromatography, acetolysis, mild alkaline hydrolysis, and determination of molar ratios of phosphorus, glycerol, and acyl moieties. The structure of the phospholipid was found to bebis‐phosphatidic acid, a phospholipid previously unreported in higher plants.
Metabolism and tissue distribution of label from [9,10‐methylene‐14C] sterculic acid in the rat
Authors: Nixon J. E. , Yoss J. K. , Eisele T. A. , Pawlowski N. E. , Sinnhuber R. O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe metabolism of14C‐sterculic acid, labeled in the methylene carbon of the cyclopropene ring, was investigated in Wistar rats. Comparison of the distribution of radioactivity in tissue and excreta as a function of time showed that the free sterculic acid was metabolized faster than the methyl ester and that the sterculic acid administered by intragastric intubation was absorbed and metabolized at a faster rate than that administered by intraperitoneal injection. The concentration of label in blood serum reached a maximum 2 hr after intubation and then rapidly declined. Incorporation of radioactivity into most organs peaked at 4 hr with liver peaking at a maximum of 11% of the administered dose and other organs at less than 1%. Label in depot fat steadily increased to 8% at 26 hr. Less than 1% of the administered dose was expired in CO2 in the same time period. Excretion of label reached a maximum of 48% in urine and 11% in feces by 16 hr. The majority of the label in liver was in the fatty acid portion of the lipid fraction. The relative amount of label in microsomal and mitochondrial subcellular fractions of liver changed with time suggesting that these organelles may be involved in the metabolism of sterculic acid. Rats fed control diets appeared to metabolize sterculic acid in the same manner, but at a slower rate than rats acclimated to dietary cyclopropene fatty acids. Low recovery of label in expired air showed that the methylene carbon of the cyclopropene ring was not oxidized to CO2. These data suggest that rats readily absorb sterculic acid and excrete labeled compounds primarily in the urine.
Role and mechanism of peripheral fatty acid mobilization in 2‐mercaptoethanol‐induced fatty liver
Authors: Sabourault D. , Giudicelli Y. , Nordmann J. , Nordmann R. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract2‐Mercaptoethanol‐induced fatty liver involves an increased free fatty acid mobilization which is primarily due to an inhibition of free fatty acid reesterification in adipose tissue. Furthermore, increased free fatty acid mobilization as well as fatty liver induction are not induced by 2‐mercaptoethanol per se but result most probably from 2‐mercaptoacetate through oxidation of 2‐mercaptoethanol.
Cysteine adds to lipid hydroperoxide
Authors: Gardner H. W. , Kleiman R. , Weisleder D. , Inglett G. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCysteine reacts with linoleic acid hydroperoxide to yield several products, some of which were identified as fatty acid‐cysteine adducts. The addition was catalyzed by ferric chloride (10−5 M) by initiating free radical reactions. When isomerically pure 13‐hydroperoxy‐cis‐9,trans‐11‐octadecadienoic acid and cysteine were reacted in 80% ethanol under N2, the major adducts were 9‐S‐cysteine‐13‐hydroxy‐10‐ethoxy‐trans‐11‐octadecenoic acid (I) and 9‐S‐cysteine‐10,13‐dihydroxy‐trans‐11‐octadecenoic acid (II). When the reaction included both isomers of the hydroperoxide (13‐and 9‐hydroperoxide) and air, an adduct of 9‐oxononanoic acid and cysteine also was isolated. Additional experiments gave information about possible mechanisms of I and II formation.
Accumulation of ergosta‐8,14‐dien‐3β‐ol bySaccharomyces cerevisiae cultured with an azasterol antimycotic agent
Authors: Hays P. R. , Parks L. W. , Pierce H. D. , Oehlschlager A. C. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract15‐Aza‐24‐methylene‐D‐homocholesta‐8,14‐dien‐3β‐ol, an antimycotic agent, at a concentration of 75 ng/ml inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis inSaccharomyces cerevisiae strain 3701 B resulting in the accumulation of an unusual sterol. Experimental data presented indicate that this sterol is ergosta‐8,14‐dien‐3β‐ol. The accumulation of the compound is supportive of current models of biosynthetic pathways for sterols in yeast and is consistent with inhibition by the azasterol of the Δ14 sterol reductase.