bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rights, Consent, and Legitimacy
Authors: Brinkmann Matthias 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter tackles a problem for any instrumentalist view that endorses liberal premises and denies that governments possess authority: it seems that we either need to deny that individuals possess strong moral rights or accept that consent is necessary for legitimacy. The chapter rejects various attempts to escape the dilemma, such as arguing that people have forfeited their rights, claiming that infringing rights is necessary to save people, or weakening rights by making them infringeable. Instead, the chapter proposes a solution in terms of a ‘pre-established harmony’ that allows for legitimacy without consent while recognizing strong, moral individual rights.
stDiff: a diffusion model for imputing spatial transcriptomics through single-cell transcriptomics
Authors: Li Kongming , Li Jiahao , Tao Yuhao , Wang Fei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics (ST) has become a powerful tool for exploring the spatial organization of gene expression in tissues. Imaging-based methods, though offering superior spatial resolutions at the single-cell level, are limited in either the number of imaged genes or the sensitivity of gene detection. Existing approaches for enhancing ST rely on the similarity between ST cells and reference single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) cells. In contrast, we introduce stDiff, which leverages relationships between gene expression abundance in scRNA-seq data to enhance ST. stDiff employs a conditional diffusion model, capturing gene expression abundance relationships in scRNA-seq data through two Markov processes: one introducing noise to transcriptomics data and the other denoising to recover them. The missing portion of ST is predicted by incorporating the original ST data into the denoising process. In our comprehensive performance evaluation across 16 datasets, utilizing multiple clustering and similarity metrics, stDiff stands out for its exceptional ability to preserve topological structures among cells, positioning itself as a robust solution for cell population identification. Moreover, stDiff’s enhancement outcomes closely mirror the actual ST data within the batch space. Across diverse spatial expression patterns, our model accurately reconstructs them, delineating distinct spatial boundaries. This highlights stDiff’s capability to unify the observed and predicted segments of ST data for subsequent analysis. We anticipate that stDiff, with its innovative approach, will contribute to advancing ST imputation methodologies.
Attention-guided variational graph autoencoders reveal heterogeneity in spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Lei Lixin , Han Kaitai , Wang Zijun , Shi Chaojing , Wang Zhenghui , Dai Ruoyan , Zhang Zhiwei , Wang Mengqiu , Guo Qianjin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The latest breakthroughs in spatially resolved transcriptomics technology offer comprehensive opportunities to delve into gene expression patterns within the tissue microenvironment. However, the precise identification of spatial domains within tissues remains challenging. In this study, we introduce AttentionVGAE (AVGN), which integrates slice images, spatial information and raw gene expression while calibrating low-quality gene expression. By combining the variational graph autoencoder with multi-head attention blocks (MHA blocks), AVGN captures spatial relationships in tissue gene expression, adaptively focusing on key features and alleviating the need for prior knowledge of cluster numbers, thereby achieving superior clustering performance. Particularly, AVGN attempts to balance the model’s attention focus on local and global structures by utilizing MHA blocks, an aspect that current graph neural networks have not extensively addressed. Benchmark testing demonstrates its significant efficacy in elucidating tissue anatomy and interpreting tumor heterogeneity, indicating its potential in advancing spatial transcriptomics research and understanding complex biological phenomena.
Microwave-assisted dehydration, long-term storage at non-freezing temperatures, and rehydration of cat germinal vesicles
Authors: Lee Pei-Chih , Comizzoli Pierre 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Germinal vesicles are alternative targets for female fertility preservation due to their availability and high resilience against non-physiological conditions. Preserved germinal vesicles can then be transferred to fresh cytoplasts to reconstitute viable oocytes. Here, we describe a germinal vesicle preservation method that employs non-ionizing microwave radiations imparting energy to water molecules, which results in rapid and homogeneous drying of the sample. Trehalose is added as a xero-protectant before the radiations, enabling isothermal vitrification of the disaccharide sugar during drying. While the technique is still considered experimental, studies have shown that DNA and structural integrity can be effectively maintained in dried/rehydrated germinal vesicles. Importantly, the dry-preservation approach allows supra-zero temperature storage of the samples, offering a cost-effective and energy-saving alternative to traditional methods relying on ultra-low freezing temperatures. The protocol outlines a comprehensive procedure involving germinal vesicle oocyte collection, trehalose loading, microwave drying, storage, and rehydration. The simplicity of the protocol facilitates the ease of manipulation, making it an accessible method for researchers. While initially developed for domestic cats, the protocol can be adapted for other species with necessary modifications, considering potential species-specific responses to dehydration stress.
Unpredictable digital intimacies and virtual backstabbing: the feminist coalition’s political effect in Nigeria
Authors: Faniyi Ololade 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article explores digital intimacies within Nigeria’s networked political discourse, focusing on the resurgence of the Feminist Coalition (FemCo), known for their involvement in Nigeria’s 2020 #EndSARS (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) movement against police brutality, as feminist political subjects during the 2023 election campaigns. It analyzes Twitter-networked interactions as FemCo was unexpectedly thrust into hypervisibility when asked to endorse Peter Obi, the Labor Party’s presidential candidate, despite prior criticism of their #EndSARS activism. Employing close feminist reading and social network analysis of Twitter data, informed by a contextual feminist/computational approach, this article explores how processes of unpredictable digital intimacies and virtual backstabbing unfold when feminist political subjects are exploited by opposing clusters online. Investigating how affects circulate and transform feminist political subjects into bodies of hate/value, this article sheds light on the affective contexts of political communication in Nigeria, beset by a range of actors, including, activists, influencers, and citizen-users, wielding central power.
A comprehensive analysis of future solar energy potential variations using a CMIP6 multi-model ensemble approach in Colombia
Authors: Arregocés Heli A , Rojano Roberto , Pinto Pimienta Daiver 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Climate change is predicted to significantly impact solar energy generation, which is particularly concerning given that photovoltaic (PV) energy is critical to the global transition to clean energy in underdeveloped countries. This study analyses the PV potential variations in Colombia using a Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) multi-model ensemble approach under two shared socio-economic pathway scenarios for the near (2025–50) and far (2051–2100) future. During the near-future period, the Pacific, Andean and Orinoquía regions are expected to experience a decrease in PV potential ranging from 10% to 23% for all shared socio-economic pathways. It will be particularly noticeable during the March/April/May and June/July/August seasons. On the other hand, CMIP6 estimations indicate a 1–4% increase in PV potential across the Amazon region during the June/July/August and September/October/November seasons. For the far future, it has been projected that the Pacific, Andean and Orinoquía regions may experience a significant decline in solar power generation due to increased cloud cover and reduced sunshine. The decrease in PV potential during the June/July/August season could range from 8% to 27% for all considered scenarios, with the Pacific region being the most affected. The Pacific region is projected to experience a decrease ranging from 10% to 35% for all seasons. It is worth noting that there are noticeable differences in PV potential across various regions, which can result in changes in cloud cover and atmospheric aerosols. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the PV potential in Colombia and highlights the importance of considering regional variations and climate change scenarios in future energy planning.
Cardiovascular imaging research and innovation in 2023
Authors: Barison Andrea , Timoteo Ana Teresa , Liga Riccardo , Borodzicz-Jazdzyk Sonia , El Messaoudi Saloua , Luong Christina , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Moscatelli Sara , Ramkisoensing Arti Anushka , Moharem-Elgamal Sarah , Pontone Gianluca , Neglia Danilo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In 2023, cardiovascular imaging has made significant advancements, in terms of technology, pathophysiology, and clinical application. In this review, the most recent research findings in the field of cardiovascular imaging are discussed. Artificial intelligence and large population cohorts, together with several technical improvements, have had a crucial impact on the technological advancements of echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, computed tomography (CT), and nuclear medicine. In the field of ischaemic heart disease, it has been demonstrated that appropriate non-invasive imaging strategies improve patients’ management and reduce invasive procedures and the need for additional testing at follow-up. Moreover, improvements in plaque characterization with CT are an expanding field of research with relevant implications for the prediction of disease severity, evolution, and response to treatment. In the field of valvular heart disease, imaging techniques have advanced alongside improvements in transcatheter treatment for aortic stenosis, mitral, and tricuspid regurgitation. Finally, in the field of heart failure and cardiomyopathies, cardiovascular imaging has reinforced its crucial role in early diagnosis and risk evaluation, showcasing advanced techniques that outperform traditional methods in predicting adverse outcomes.
Ablation of the epicardial substrate in patients with long-QT syndrome at risk of sudden death
Authors: Pappone Carlo , Boccellino Antonio , Ciconte Giuseppe , Anastasia Luigi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Sudden cardiac death remains a critical public health concern globally, affecting millions annually. Recent advances in cardiac arrhythmia mapping have demonstrated that the ventricular epicardial region has a critical arrhythmogenic role in some inherited cardiogenetic diseases. Among these, long-QT syndrome (LQTS) exposes patients to the risk of life-threatening arrhythmic events. Despite advancements, there is a need for more effective therapeutic strategies. A recent study has uncovered a noteworthy connection between LQTS and epicardial structural abnormalities, challenging the traditional view of LQTS as purely an electrical disorder. High-density mapping revealed electroanatomic abnormalities in the right ventricular epicardium, presenting a potential target for catheter ablation, to finally suppress ventricular fibrillation recurrences in high-risk LQTS patients.
Understanding the Therapeutic Action of Antipsychotics: From Molecular to Cellular Targets With Focus on the Islands of Calleja
Authors: Direktor Merve , Gass Peter , Inta Dragos 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia as well as the mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs remains a challenge for psychiatry. The demonstration of the therapeutic efficacy of several new atypical drugs targeting multiple different receptors, apart from the classical dopamine D2 receptor as initially postulated unique antipsychotic target, complicated even more conceptualization efforts. Here we discuss results suggesting a main role of the islands of Calleja, still poorly studied GABAergic granule cell clusters in the ventral striatum, as cellular targets of several innovative atypical antipsychotics (clozapine, cariprazine, and xanomeline/emraclidine) effective in treating also negative symptoms of schizophrenia. We will emphasize the potential role of dopamine D3 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor expressed at the highest level by the islands of Calleja, as well as their involvement in schizophrenia-associated neurocircuitries. Finally, we will discuss the implications of new data showing ongoing adult neurogenesis of the islands of Calleja as a very promising antipsychotic target linking long-life neurodevelopment and dopaminergic dysfunction in the striatum.
Participatory Rebel Governance and Durability of Peace
Authors: Park Hyunjung 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Rebel groups often develop governance during war by establishing administrative structures, engaging in taxation, and providing social services to the local population. Rebel governance structures, however, vary depending on the extent to which they include participatory arrangements. Some rebel groups allow civilian participation in their governance during the war, while others have highly hierarchical structures strictly limiting civilian participation. This paper examines whether and how the governance activities of rebel groups and participatory arrangements and institutions that they adopt during the war affect the durability of peace. I argue that participatory rebel governance can be particularly effective in establishing durable peace after the war. Civilian participation under rebel governance facilitates civilian political participation after conflict ends, which, in turn, discourages the use of political violence in response to grievances. Using rebel governance data between 1945 and 2012, I find strong empirical support for my argument. I then demonstrate the plausibility of the causal mechanism in the case of Indonesian and the Philippine civil wars. By establishing a strong positive empirical relationship between rebel wartime governance and the durability of peace, this paper identifies another important effect of rebel governance on conflict processes and outcomes in addition to its demonstrated effect on negotiations between warring parties and post-war democratization.
Dietary monoglyceride supplementation to support intestinal integrity and host defenses in health-challenged weanling pigs
Authors: White Cameron S , Hung Chien-Che , Lanka Saraswathi , Maddox Carol W , Barri Adriana , Sokale Adebayo O , Dilger Ryan N 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Frequent incidence of postweaning enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhea in the swine industry contributes to high mortality rates and associated economic losses. In this study, a combination of butyric, caprylic, and capric fatty acid monoglycerides was investigated to promote intestinal integrity and host defenses in weanling pigs infected with ETEC. A total of 160 pigs were allotted to treatment groups based on weight and sex. Throughout the 17-d study, three treatment groups were maintained: sham-inoculated pigs fed a control diet (uninfected control [UC], n = 40), ETEC-inoculated pigs fed the same control diet (infected control [IC], n = 60), and ETEC-inoculated pigs fed the control diet supplemented with monoglycerides included at 0.3% of the diet (infected supplemented [MG], n = 60). After a 7-d acclimation period, pigs were orally inoculated on each of three consecutive days with either 3 mL of a sham-control (saline) or live ETEC culture (3 × 109 colony-forming units/mL). The first day of inoculations was designated as 0 d postinoculation (DPI), and all study outcomes reference this time point. Fecal, tissue, and blood samples were collected from 48 individual pigs (UC, n = 12; IC, n = 18; MG, n = 18) on 5 and 10 DPI for analysis of dry matter (DM), bacterial enumeration, inflammatory markers, and intestinal permeability. ETEC-inoculated pigs in both the IC and MG groups exhibited clear signs of infection including lower (P &lt; 0.05) gain:feed and fecal DM, indicative of excess water in the feces, and elevated (P &lt; 0.05) rectal temperatures, total bacteria, total E. coli, and total F18 ETEC during the peak-infection period (5 DPI). Reduced (P &lt; 0.05) expression of the occludin, tumor necrosis factor α, and vascular endothelial growth factor A genes was observed in both ETEC-inoculated groups at the 5 DPI time point. There were no meaningful differences between treatments for any of the outcomes measured at 10 DPI. Overall, all significant changes were the result of the ETEC infection, not monoglyceride supplementation.
9 Differential Coagulation Factor Activity in Obese vs. Non-Obese Burn Injured Patients
Authors: Mathew Shane , Pinto Desiree , Carney Bonnie C , Moffatt Lauren T , Shupp Jeffrey W , Tejiram Shawn 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Obesity confers a prothrombotic state through an imbalance in hemostasis due to chronic inflammation and inhibition of the fibrinolytic pathway, and it may worsen the coagulopathy seen in burn patients. There is a paucity of data on the role obesity plays in burn injury and controversy exists with some literature indicating a survival benefit termed the “obesity paradox.” This analysis aims to define whether obesity promotes a hypercoagulable state in burn patients through measurement of coagulation factor activity at admission with extrinsic pathway factors expected to be elevated.

Methods
Burn patients admitted to a regional burn center between 2012-2017 were prospectively enrolled and patient demographics, burn injury characteristics, and blood were collected within two hours of admission. Assays were performed to measure the activity of Factors ll, V, Vll, Vlll, lX, X, Xl, and Xll and concentration of Factor lb. To identify differences, patients were stratified into two groups: non-obese (BMI 18.5-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI &gt;30kg/m2). Comparisons were made with the t-test or Mann-Whitney test and chi-square or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate.

Results
There were 129 patients included in the analysis. Of those included, 64% were male with an average age of 42.0 ± 1.4 years and total body surface area (TBSA) burn of 22.5% ± 1.9%. There were no significant differences in age, sex, and percent TBSA between the non-obese and obese groups. While PTT was not different between the non-obese and obese groups (29.59 ± 0.72 vs 27.4 ± 0.58, p=0.18), INR was significantly higher in non-obese patients (1.18 ± 0.03 vs 1.07 ± 0.01, p=0.005), although both groups remained within normal range. Factor IX activity level was above the normal range in both groups and significantly different between non-obese and obese patients (150.4% ± 4.7% vs 183.0% ± 9.6%, p=0.002). Factors Vlll (330.2% ± 14.4% vs 318.6% ± 26.5%, p=0.47) and XI (125.4% ± 5.0% vs 136.5% ± 9.1%, p=0.12) were above normal factor activity levels and Factor VIII was almost double normal levels in both groups. Factors lb, ll, V, Vll, X, and Xll were within normal factor activity, but lb, ll, Vll, and X were significantly higher in the obese group.

Conclusions
Burn injury promotes an early prothrombotic response and produces differential levels of factor activity following injury. Factor IX was significantly higher in obese patients compared to non-obese patients while Factors VIII and XI were elevated in all patients. Classic coagulation measures such as PT, PTT, and INR remain ineffective in determining specific coagulopathies following burn injury. Further study will be necessary to examine the relationship obesity plays in burn induced coagulopathy.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Examination of the impact of obesity on burn induced coagulopathy may identify targets for future interventions.
16 Circulating Cytokine Ratios Demonstrate the Balance of the Pro and Anti-Inflammatory Response After Burn Injury
Authors: Le Tuan D , Pinto Desiree , Pusateri Anthony , McLawhorn Melissa M , Moffatt Lauren T , Shupp Jeffrey W 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Burn injury results in a significant inflammatory response. The pro and anti-inflammatory responses in burn patients are typically studied independently with an emphasis on proinflammation, and as a staged process occurring during specific time frames after burn injury. In other disease processes, the interactions of these systems have shown to be more significant. This study connects the inflammatory responses by developing cytokine protein ratios. We predict that ratios will further characterize the inflammatory response after burn injury and that an unbalanced response will be associated with mortality.

Methods
This prospective observational study enrolled patients admitted to a regional burn center. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, and blood samples of cytokine protein levels (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), were collected at admission. IL-6 and TNF-α were considered pro-inflammatory and IL-10 was considered anti-inflammatory. Likelihoods of mortality were calculated using logistic regression for cytokine protein levels at admission. The optimal cut-off values for IL-6 and IL-10 were obtained by logistic regression and area under the curve (AUC) analysis with the Youden index. These cut-off points were then used to develop four pro/anti-inflammatory groups: low IL-6/low IL-10, low IL-6/high IL-10, high IL-6/low IL-10, and high IL-6/high IL-10. Rates of mortality were then compared among these groups.

Results
Of 158 patients, 115 met inclusion criteria. Most patients were male (68.7%), with a median age of 40 and a median TBSA of 11.8%. Overall mortality was 11.3%. The AUC of IL-6 (0.893), IL-10 (0.892), and TNF-α (0.812) revealed all cytokines as excellent predictors of mortality individually. When IL-6 and IL-10 levels were combined, the ability to predict mortality was not improved (AUC 0.885). Based on the AUC and Youden index, the optimal cutoff point for IL-6 was 10.5ng/dL (sensitivity 99.9%, specificity 68.6%), and IL-10 was 8.5ng/dL (sensitivity 84.6%, specificity 84.3%). Most of our patients (52%) were in the low IL-6/low IL-10 group and none of these patients died. A high IL-6/ low IL-10 was associated with a 15.8% mortality rate and a high IL-6/ high IL-10 was associated with a 38.5% mortality rate (p &lt; 0.0001). No patient was in the low IL-6/ high IL-10 group.

Conclusions
Both the pro and anti-inflammatory systems are stimulated following burn injury and their balance analyzed through cytokine ratios is associated with mortality. At admission, patients with a balanced, but significantly elevated pro and anti-inflammatory response have the highest mortality rates.

Applicability of Research to Practice
A balanced, but elevated inflammatory response immediately following burn injury demonstrates a pathologic response. Cytokine ratios may be useful as early biomarkers for disease progression after burn injury.