bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies of the Deracemization of (±)‐2‐Hydroxy‐1‐tetralone by Trichosporon cutaneum
Authors: Lunardi Inês , Cazetta Tarcila , Conceição Gelson J. A. , Moran Paulo J. S. , Rodrigues J. Augusto R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe diastereo‐ and enantioselective bioreduction of (±)‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐tetralone (6) to the corresponding enantiopure (1S,2R)‐cis‐1,2‐dihydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene (1) (83 % isolated yield, >99 % ee), mediated by resting cells of the yeast Trichosporon cutaneum CCT 1903 through dynamic kinetic resolution is reported. Deracemization of (±)‐6 was observed in kinetic studies on the biotransformation of the enantiomers (R)‐6 and (S)‐6.
Photocatalytic Selective Oxidation of 4‐Methoxybenzyl Alcohol to Aldehyde in Aqueous Suspension of Home‐Prepared Titanium Dioxide Catalyst
Authors: Palmisano Giovanni , Yurdakal Sedat , Augugliaro Vincenzo , Loddo Vittorio , Palmisano Leonardo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe photocatalytic oxidation of 4‐methoxybenzyl alcohol to p‐anisaldehyde (PAA) was performed in water with organic‐free suspensions of home‐prepared and commercial titanium dioxide (TiO2) catalysts. The nanostructured TiO2 samples were synthesised by boiling aqueous solutions of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), under mild conditions, for different times. The crystallinity increased with the boiling time. The 4‐methoxybenzyl alcohol oxidation rate followed the same pattern but the highest yield (41.5 % mol) to PAA was found for the least crystalline sample, that showed a quantum efficiency of 0.116 %. A comparison with two commercial TiO2 samples showed that all the home‐prepared catalysts exhibited a PAA yield higher than that of commercial ones. The only by‐products present were traces of 4‐methoxybenzoic acid and aliphatic products, carbon dioxide being the other main oxidation product.
The Role of Secondary Interactions in the Asymmetric Palladium‐Catalysed Hydrosilylation of Olefins with Monophosphane Ligands
Authors: Gibson Susan E. , Rudd Matthew 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA structure‐activity survey of monophosphane ligands used in the asymmetric palladium‐catalysed hydrosilylation reaction of olefins is presented and used to assess the role of secondary interactions on catalyst activity and selectivity.
General Enantioselective Synthesis of Butyrolactone Natural Products via Ruthenium‐SYNPHOS®‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Blanc Delphine , Madec Jonathan , Popowyck Florence , Ayad Tahar , Phansavath Phannarath , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie , Genêt Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEnantioselective syntheses of several paraconic acids have been achieved using catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of β‐keto esters with SYNPHOS® as a ligand. This strategy allowed the short synthesis of biologically active (−)‐methylenolactocin 1, (−)‐protolichesterinic acid 2, (−)‐phaseolinic acid 3 and (+)‐roccellaric acid 4.
Iron‐Catalyzed Benzylic Oxidation with Aqueous tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide
Authors: Nakanishi Masafumi , Bolm Carsten 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA small amount of iron(III) chloride (2 mol %) catalyzes benzylic oxidations with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant in pyridine. The corresponding carbonyl compounds are obtained in high yields.
Fatal injuries in the construction industry in washington state
Authors: Buskin Susan E. , Paulozzi Leonard J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwo hundred thirty‐one deaths occurred in the construction industry in Washington State between 1973 and 1983, an average annual mortality rate of 27.5 per 100,000 workers. Falls, cave‐ins, and electrocutions resulting from heavy equipment (boom type) contacting overhead power lines together accounted for 45.4% of the fatalities. Heavy construction had a death rate twice that of the other two construction subgroups (building and special trades construction). There was a significant trend towards increasing mortality with decreasing company size (p=0.03). Drilling machine operators, welders, flamecutters, reinforcing‐iron workers, and heavy‐equipment operators had the highest proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs). PMRs for workers generally increased with age. Many of these fatal construction injuries would not have occurred had existing safety regulations been observed.
A case‐control study of skin cancer in the tire and rubber manufacturing industry
Authors: Bourguet Claire C. , Checkoway Harvey , Hulka Barbara S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA case‐control study was conducted in the tire and rubber manufacturing industry to examine the association of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin with rubber manufacturing materials presumed to be contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Sixty‐five cases were compared to 254 matched controls for exposure to carbon black, extender oils, lubricating oils, rubber solvents, and rubber stock. Both magnitude and duration of exposure were compared using data from company personnel records. Rubber stock and lubricating oils were associated with skin cancer. The relative risk (RR) associated with the highest levels of rubber stock exposure was 2.2, and with the highest level of lubricating oil exposure it was 6.5. In analysis of subgroups of study members, the associations were strongest among workers who were born after 1900 (rubber stock, RR = 11.6; lubricating oil, RR = 4.5) and among workers whose skin cancer was diagnosed before the age of seventy (rubber stock, RR = 23.2; lubricating oil, RR = 28.3).
Respiratory effects of cotton dust exposure in the cotton garnetting industry
Authors: Kawamoto Melody M. , Garabrant David H. , Held Janetta , Balmes John R. , Patzman Janet , Dimick Daniel V. , Simonowitz Joyce A. , Bernstein Leslie 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe measured exposures to total dust, vertically elutriated dust, and endotoxin and studied acute pulmonary responses among 128 workers in the cotton garnetting and mattress assembly industries. Previous studies in this segment of industry have not characterized endotoxin exposures or related them to pulmonary responses. The median 8‐hour time‐weighted average total dust was 0.72 mg/m3, the median vertically elutriated dust was 0.22 mg/m3, and the median endotoxin concentration was 5.2 ng/m3. Ten percent of the subjects reported chest tightness or dyspnea on Mondays. Thirteen percent of the subjects reported symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Although there was no relationship between changes in pulmonary function across the workshift and either total dust, vertically elutriated dust, or endotoxin exposure, 13% of the subjects had greater than 5% decrements in FEV1 over the workshift.
Health problems reported by residents of a neighborhood contaminated by a hazardous waste facility
Authors: Ozonoff David , Colten Mary Ellen , Cupples Adrienne , Heeren Timothy , Schatzkin Arthur , Mangione Thomas , Dresner Miriam , Colton Theodore 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA symptom prevalence survey was conducted of a neighborhood exposed to airborne hazardous wastes. Residents' responses were compared to those of a nearby control population. The results revealed that the exposed group had more self‐reported complaints referable to the respiratory system (wheezing, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, persistent colds, coughs), constitutional complaints (always fatigued, bowel dysfunction), and irregular heart beat. When the effect of a documented irritant source in a small portion of the control population was removed, the exposed group also complained more often of irritation of the eyes and nose. There was a biological gradient for several of these effects. Efforts to eliminate the influence of confounding and recall bias are discussed. The results suggest either that the general population reacts to chemicals at levels much lower than the available occupational literature would indicate or that the effects are more long lasting than previously thought.
Pulmonary function and intradermal tests in workers exposed to soft‐paper dust
Authors: Heederik Dick , Burdorf Lex , Boleij Jan , Willems Han , Van Bilsen Jeroen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA survey was carried out in the processing department of a paper mill, consisting of environmental and personal monitoring, a short questionnaire concerning chronic nonspecific lung disease (CNSLD), spirometry, and intradermal tests. Spirometry was performed on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Exposures to paper dust regularly exceeded the Dutch Maximal Allowable Concentrations (MACs) for total and respirable dust. There were indications of a qualitatively different exposure to molds inside the mill in comparison with the outdoor air.A comparison between a group of workers exposed to paper dust and a control group showed significantly more persons with positive late and delayed intradermal test reactions in the exposed population. The analysis of the spirometric measurements after correction for differences between the groups in age, height, and smoking habits gave evidence of the existence of lower FEV11, MMEF, MEF50, and MEF25 among exposed workers with a positive immediate intradermal reaction on Friday. The same workers showed a decline in pulmonary function over the week compared with the controls. These changes suggest an obstructive airway reaction with an immunologic mechanism to dust exposure in a paper mill.
Effects of dibromochloropropane and ethylene dibromide on biochemical events and ultramorphology of ejaculated ram spermatozoa in vitro
Authors: Bartoov B. , Ventura V. , Ailenberg M. , Potashnik G. , Mayevsky A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effects of dibromochloropropane (DBCP) and ethylene dibromide (EDB) on the function and ultrastructure of freshly ejaculated washed ram spermatozoa were assessed. These two compounds inhibited the collective motility of the sperm in a dose‐dependent fashion when the sperm cells generated their energy either by mitochondrial respiration (2‐deoxyglucose‐treated sperm cells) or by the intact energy production system. DBCP and EDB inhibited the oxygen uptake by the sperm in a dose‐dependent manner. No change in lactic acid accumulation and glucose utilization by the sperm cells was noted following DBCP and EDB addition. No change in the collective motility of the sperm was noted when DBCP or EDB were added to spermatozoa treated with the electron transfer inhibitor, antimycin A. Electron microscopy studies of sperm cells treated with DBCP revealed lesions in the plasma membrane adjacent to the acrosome and in the acrosomal membrane forming vesiculations. The inner membrane and the matrix space of the mitochondria were condensed following DBCP treatment, leaving a large mitochondrial peripheral space, compared with the control. EDB, at the concentration studied, caused no change in the ultramorphological structure of the sperm. DBCP was more potent, at least 4‐fold, compared with EDB. An in vitro direct effect of DBCP and EDB on ram spermatozoa was established. It is suggested that quantitative measurements of sperm collective motility derived by different metabolic pathways can be used as an in vitro toxicological model for evaluation of toxicological and environmental factors affecting biological systems.
Selection bias in occupational case‐control studies that use death registries to select subjects: A discussion and demonstration
Authors: Finkelstein Murray M. , Liss Gary M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSome epidemiologic studies have selected subjects from death registries. This method is, however, subject to substantial systematic bias that arises from the fact that different segments of society have different risks of death in any year. Different occupational groups will thus have unequal probabilities of entering the pool of potential controls, and biased estimates of the odds ratios that relate occupation to disease will result. Failure to recognize the bias may lead to invalid conclusions. This selection bias is discussed, with particular reference to studies of malignancies among farmers. The bias is demonstrated by using data from studies of Parkinson's disease and sinonasal cancer.
Regulation and the use of “negative” results from human reproductive studies: The case of ethylene dibromide
Authors: Dobbins James G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the regulatory usefulness of five studies of the reproductive effects of occupational exposure to ethylene dibromide. None of the studies found a statistically significant adverse effect.Results from an epidemiologic study can find no adverse effect either because there is in fact no association between the outcome and the exposure being studied or because the study was not powerful enough to detect an association between the two. This distinction is especially important when “negative” studies are offered as evidence that a chemical is not harmful to workers. General reasons for low power in reproductive studies are discussed, and each of the studies is examined to see if the results were in fact negative and what factors were operating to affect the power of each study.Four of the studies showed potential reproductive impairments that were not large enough to be judged statistically significant by the authors. The power of all of these studies was then examined and found to be low for a number of reasons. These studies therefore do not represent evidence that ethylene dibromide is harmless; on the contrary, they may indicate the opposite.In general, when regulating potentially harmful chemicals in a low‐power situation, power should be raised by raising the alpha level of the study, especially when animal data show a strong positive effect.
Pathological findings in mine workers: II. Quality of the PATHAUT data
Authors: Hessel P. A. , Hnizdo E. , Goldstein B. , Sluis‐Cremer G. K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTo assess the feasibility of using the pathology automation system (PATHAUT) for research, the quality of the data was explored by examining who comes to autopsy, the quality of the autopsy material, interobserver variability, and repeatability of diagnoses. The data indicated that autopsy rates in the gold mining industry, especially for whites, are high and that even among blacks, gold miners are represented in proportions exceeding the relative size of the working population. Because of the perception of the autopsy service as a means of obtaining compensation, miners with occupational diseases fully compensated in life are probably underrepresented.The autopsy material submitted for full autopsy is generally better preserved than cardiorespiratory organs that are sent for examination. The gold mining industry has a high proportion of full autopsies as does the Iron and Steel Corporation of South Africa. Full autopsies are more commonly performed on older deceased miners. This was true for both blacks and whites.The allocation of material to pathologists for full autopsies and examinations of the cardiorespiratory organs were clearly not random, and this may affect comparisons among pathologists. Active tuberculosis, silicosis, and emphysema prevalences appeared fairly comparable across pathologists; however, there was wide variability in the prevalence of bronchiolitis as determined by the pathologists.Agreement between the diagnoses on PATHAUT and reclassifications by single pathologists was very good for the severity of emphysema and the histological type of bronchogenic carcinoma.
Some investigations into the nature and cause of Massive Fibrosis (MF) in the lungs of South African gold, coal, and asbestos mine workers
Authors: Leibowitz M. C. , Goldstein B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSamples from fibrotic lung lesions greater than 1 cm in diameter macroscopically (by definition, massive fibrosis; MF) were taken from the lungs of 9 randomly selected postmortem cases of mine workers all showing a background of a pneumoconiosis. These samples were studied histologically, biochemically, and by X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy. As controls for the biochemical and X‐ray diffraction investigations, non‐fibrosed lung tissue was taken from the same specimens. The findings suggest that the higher quartz content may be the primary cause responsible for the MF formation in this series of cases, while other factors such as tuberculosis may play a part according to some relevant literature on MF. Although an area of MF appears macroscopically to be a solid lesion, on microscopy this is not the case and the lesion is composed of dense and sparse collagen bundles and cellular elements.
Comparison of occupational interview data to death certificate data in utah
Authors: Turner Darcy W. , Schumacher Mary Catherine , West Dee W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLifelong occupational histories obtained by interview prior to death were compared to death certificate data for 87 male bladder cancer patients in Utah. Agreement was defined as identical Bureau of Census codes, after predetermined groupings were made. Usual occupation, defined as that with the longest duration, agreed with the death certificate occupation for 54% of the individuals; usual industry agreed for 72%. Most recent occupation and industry agreed for 47% and 53%, respectively. For 69%, at least one interview occupation agreed with the death certificate occupation, and at least one industry agreed for 84%. Variables affecting agreement were duration of the job and education.Also examined were interview data about employment either during the last 15 years or prior to age 65 years, obtained from 112 male colon cancer patients. The Bureau of Census codes were in agreement for occupation in 63% and for industry in 65%.Duration of the job and education were related to percent agreement.We conclude that occupations and industries listed on death certificates reflect at least part of the work history of the majority of individuals.
Respiratory and nonrespiratory morbidity in a titanium oxide paint factory in Nigeria
Authors: Oleru U. G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA study of 67 subjects in a small titanium oxide paint factory in Nigeria showed 50–54% frequency for airway symptoms, 20–40% for neurological symptoms, and 10–27% for other symptoms. The symptoms were well correlated with exposure (p < .05) and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). The directly exposed subjects had likelihood odds ratios of 5 to 17 of presenting symptoms compared to controls. The PFT deficit, relative to the expected value, was significantly higher for those with airway symptoms than for those of other symptom categories (p < .005). There were 28 (42%) cases of restrictive lung impairment. Exposure to cotton dust had confounding influence on the PFT of subjects previously exposed. Smoking rate was very low. These findings indicate the need for worker protection in a manufacturing plant in Nigeria.
Mortality among workers at a butadiene facility
Authors: Downs Tom D. , Crane Martin M. , Kim Kwang W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSeveral studies of styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) workers have reported excess cancers at various sites; however, little could be concluded concerning specific etiologic agents because of the multiple exposures encountered by these groups. The current study examined cause‐specific mortality in a cohort of 2,586 male workers employed for at least 6 months between 1943 and 1979 in a butadiene manufacturing plant that supplied butadiene to two SBR plants. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated using national (NSMR) and local (LSMR) comparison populations. The all‐cause NSMR was 80 (p < 0.05) and the all‐cancer NSMR was 84; the corresponding LSMRs were 96 and 76 (p < 0.05). No significant excesses were observed for any cause of death except lymphosarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma (NSMR = 235). When the cohort was subdivided into routine, nonroutine, and low‐exposure groups, the SMRs were consistently elevated for this cause of death in all three groups. However, direct comparisons between each of the two exposure groups and the low‐exposure group were inconsistent. This suggests butadiene may not be responsible for the excess, but the association deserves close attention in future studies.
Past exposure to asbestos among active railroad workers
Authors: Garshick Eric , Schenker Marc B. , Woskie Susan R. , Speizer Frank E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBefore the transition from steam‐ to diesel‐powered locomotives during the 1950s certain railroad workers had the opportunity for significant occupational exposure to asbestos. Past studies have demonstrated that older workers with jobs associated with the repair of steam locomotives had the most exposure. To determine the prevalence of currently employed railroad workers with past asbestos exposure we surveyed 514 white male employees of an active US railroad by mail questionnaire. Twenty‐one percent (50/242) of the workers 50 years old or greater had likely asbestos exposure compared to 3% (9/275) of the workers 49 years old or less (p < .001). Fifteen (30%) of the 50 older workers with likely asbestos exposure had current job titles no longer suggestive of past exposure. The duration of exposure of these older active workers was short, (median = 3 years; range, 6 months to 15 years). A history of past asbestos exposure may still be obtained among active railroad workers with past railroad shop employment.
Study of noise exposure and high blood pressure in shipyard workers
Authors: Wu Trong‐Neng , Ko Ying‐Chin , Chang Po‐Ya 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA cross‐sectional and case‐reference study of occupational noise exposure and blood pressure was conducted in a shipyard company. There were 158 male workers from the higher noise environment (>85 dBA) and 158 matched workers from a lower noise environment (<80 dBA). The workers in the higher noise environment had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p <.05) after adjusting for confounding factors. Comparison of regression revealed that there is no different increase in blood pressure with age in different environmental noise exposure. Based on 63 matched hypertensive‐normotensive pairs from 2,730 shipyard workers, the relative risk of hypertension among workers exposed to an over‐85‐dBA acoustic environment, compared to those under 80 dBA, was 2.38. It is suggested that there may be a population of noise‐exposed workers at increased risk of high blood pressure.
Blood histamine levels in cotton‐dust exposed workers in a textile mill of Ahmedabad
Authors: Parikh J. R. , Venkatakrishna‐Bhatt H. , Panchal G. M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBlood histamine levels were measured by the bioassay of histamine (on an isolated strip of guinea pig ileum) in workers exposed to cotton dust in a textile mill in Ahmedabad. Byssinotic subjects showed very high levels of blood histamine as compared to nonbyssinotic and control subjects. The blood histamine levels were not well correlated to the dust concentrations or duration of exposure but rather to the day of the week (ie, first, second, third, etc., after weekend break) on which the samples were collected. The blood histamine levels were high on the first day of the work week, when byssinotics complain most of their symptoms.
Sexual assault of women at work
Authors: Seligman Paul J. , Newman Sandy C. , Timbrook Clifton L. , Halperin William E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractReview of twenty‐one workers' compensation claims for sexual assault filed in Ohio for the period 1983‐1985 revealed that five (62%) of the rapes by unknown assailants after dark occurred in convenience food stores. The rape rate was 7.0 per 100,000 females employed in convenience food stores per year compared with a rate of 0.3 per 100,000 females employed in Ohio (IRR = 25.6, CI 8.1–132.3). In addition, three rapes occurred among motel maids and housekeepers, and three among residential property managers. Police reports for sexual assault in Memphis, Tennessee for 1985 corroborated the observation of a potential increased risk of rape in female employees of convenience food stores. Strategies for the provision of personal security against assault in the workplace have not previously been addressed in the public health literature. A review of workers' compensation claims has identified an area for which strategies to prevent workplace injuries should be developed.