bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene expression profiling of human prostate cancer stem cells reveals a pro-inflammatory phenotype and the importance of extracellular matrix interactions
Authors: Birnie Richard , Bryce Steven D , Roome Claire , Dussupt Vincent , Droop Alastair , Lang Shona H , Berry Paul A , Hyde Catherine F , Lewis John L , Stower Michael J , Maitland Norman J , Collins Anne T 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Background
The tumor-initiating capacity of many cancers is considered to reside in a small subpopulation of cells (cancer stem cells). We have previously shown that rare prostate epithelial cells with a CD133+/α2β1hi phenotype have the properties of prostate cancer stem cells. We have compared gene expression in these cells relative to their normal and differentiated (CD133-/α2β1low) counterparts, resulting in an informative cancer stem cell gene-expression signature.

Results
Cell cultures were generated from specimens of human prostate cancers (n = 12) and non-malignant control tissues (n = 7). Affymetrix gene-expression arrays were used to analyze total cell RNA from sorted cell populations, and expression changes were selectively validated by quantitative RT-PCR, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Differential expression of multiple genes associated with inflammation, cellular adhesion, and metastasis was observed. Functional studies, using an inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), revealed preferential targeting of the cancer stem cell and progenitor population for apoptosis whilst sparing normal stem cells. NF-κB is a major factor controlling the ability of tumor cells to resist apoptosis and provides an attractive target for new chemopreventative and chemotherapeutic approaches.

Conclusion
We describe an expression signature of 581 genes whose levels are significantly different in prostate cancer stem cells. Functional annotation of this signature identified the JAK-STAT pathway and focal adhesion signaling as key processes in the biology of cancer stem cells.
CSF-1 receptor structure/function in MacCsf1r–/– macrophages: regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and morphology
Authors: Yu Wenfeng , Chen Jian , Xiong Ying , Pixley Fiona J , Dai Xu-Ming , Yeung Yee-Guide , Stanley E Richard 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCSF-1 is the major regulator of tissue macrophage development and function. A GM-CSF-dependent, CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R)-deficient F4/80hiMac-1+Gr1–CD11c+ bone marrow macrophage (BMM) line (MacCsf1r−/−) was developed to study the roles of the eight intracellular CSF-1R tyrosines phosphorylated upon receptor activation. Retroviral expression of the wild-type CSF-1R rescued the CSF-1-induced survival, proliferation, differentiation, and morphological characteristics of primary BMM. Mutation of all eight tyrosines failed to rescue, whereas the individual Y → F mutants (544, 559, 697, 706, 721, 807, 921, 974) rescued these CSF-1-inducible phenotypes to varying degrees. The juxtamembrane domain Y559F and activation loop Y807F mutations severely compromised proliferation and differentiation, whereas Y706, Y721F, and Y974F mutations altered morphological responses, and Y706F increased differentiation. Despite their retention of significant in vitro tyrosine kinase activity, Y559F and Y807F mutants exhibited severely impaired in vivo receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, consistent with the existence of cellular mechanisms inhibiting CSF-1R tyrosine phosphorylation that are relieved by phosphorylation of these two sites. The MacCsf1r−/− macrophage line will facilitate genetic and proteomic approaches to CSF-1R structure/function studies in the major disease-related CSF-1R-expressing cell type.
Regulation of superoxide production in neutrophils: role of calcium influx
Authors: Bréchard Sabrina , Tschirhart Eric J 
Published: June 2008

AbstractUpon stimulation, activation of NADPH oxidase complexes in neutrophils produces a burst of superoxide anions contributing to oxidative stress and the development of inflammatory process. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), whereby the depletion of intracellular stores induces extracellular calcium influx, is known to be a crucial element of NADPH oxidase regulation. However, the mechanistic basis mediating SOCE is still only partially understood, as is the signal-coupling pathway leading to modulation of store-operated channels. This review emphasizes the role of calcium influx in the control of the NADPH oxidase and summarizes the current knowledge of pathways mediating this extracellular calcium entry in neutrophils. Such investigations into the cross-talk between NADPH oxidase and calcium might allow the identification of novel pharmacological targets with clinical use, particularly in inflammatory diseases.
Endobronchial Ultrasound With Transbronchial Needle Aspiration for Restaging the Mediastinum in Lung Cancer
Authors: Herth Felix J.F. , Annema Jouke T. , Eberhardt Ralf , Yasufuku Kazuhiro , Ernst Armin , Krasnik Mark , Rintoul Robert C. 
Published: June 2008

Purpose To investigate the sensitivity and accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound–guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for restaging the mediastinum after induction chemotherapy in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods One hundred twenty-four consecutive patients with tissue-proven stage IIIA-N2 disease who were treated with induction chemotherapy and who had undergone mediastinal restaging by EBUS-TBNA were reviewed. On the basis of computed tomography, 58 patients were classified as having stable disease and 66 were judged to have had a partial response. All patients subsequently underwent thoracotomy with attempted curative resection and a lymph node dissection regardless of EBUS-TBNA findings. Results Persistent nodal metastases were detected by using EBUS-TBNA in 89 patients (72%). Of the 35 patients in whom no metastases were assessed by EBUS-TBNA, 28 were found to have residual stage IIIA-N2 disease at thoracotomy. The majority (91%) of these false negative results were due to nodal sampling error rather than detection error. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA for mediastinal restaging after induction chemotherapy were 76%, 100%, 100%, 20%, and 77%, respectively. Conclusion EBUS-TBNA is a sensitive, specific, accurate, and minimally invasive test for mediastinal restaging of patients with NSCLC. However, because of the low negative predictive value, tumor-negative findings should be confirmed by surgical staging before thoracotomy.
An experimental evaluation of induction bending as a method for producing pipe bends with radii ≥2.5D
Authors: Collie G J , Black I 
Published: June 2008

This paper briefly describes induction bending and highlights some of the challenges associated with this technique in the production of tight bends in thick-walled pipe. The authors then go on to describe how data obtained from production runs and specifically commissioned trial bends were used to examine the factors believed to influence the generation of adverse geometry during bending, and to determine the relative importance of each factor. The paper concludes by examining previously published empirically derived charts and by comparing the results of the trials. The authors conclude from this that the existing charts are deficient when considering extrados wall thinning, i.e. the charts cannot be reliably extrapolated to cover bends which are beyond their scope and, while addressing the issue of wall thinning at the extrados, they ignore all the other types of deformation.
Attentional processes in young children with congenital visual impairment
Authors: Tadić Valerie , Pring Linda , Dale Naomi 
Published: June 2008

The study investigated attentional processes of 32 preschool children with congenital visual impairment (VI). Children with profound visual impairment (PVI) and severe visual impairment (SVI) were compared to a group of typically developing sighted children in their ability to respond to adult directed attention in terms of establishing, maintaining, and shifting attention on toys.The measures of children's sensory‐motor understanding (SMU) and language ability were obtained using the Reynell‐Zinkin scales of mental development. The video‐recordings of these play‐based assessments were coded for three categories of behavioural responses (Establish, Maintain, and Shift). The three groups were matched on verbal comprehension (VC), but differed significantly in their SMU and their chronological age. The groups of children with PVI and SVI were found to be comparable in their ability to establish and maintain attention on objects. Despite a relatively good performance overall both groups scored significantly lower on those skills than children who were sighted. However, with regards to attention shifting, children with PVI showed significantly lower performance than both the children with SVI and the sighted children who were similar on this component. Ability to maintain and shift attention was significantly related to the cognitive ability of children with PVI; however the poorer attentional responses were not confined only to the children with low IQ. The results are discussed in relation to the role of vision, cognitive ability and executive function in attentional processes in children with congenital VI.
„die Sache ist…“: eine Projektor-Konstruktion im gesprochenen Deutsch
Authors: Günthner Susanne 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
This paper, focusing on die Sache ist-constructions in spoken German, is intended as a contribution to an interactional perspective on grammatical issues: It aims at connecting concepts of Construction Grammar with aspects of analyzing language use in its communicative praxis.
Based on an empirical analysis of conversational German, this article shows that the standard view of die Sache ist-constructions as [matrix clause + subordinated complement clause] cannot be supported by actual data from spoken interactions. Instead of a subordinated complement clause following the matrix clause, speakers reanalyse die Sache ist (“segment A”) as a projector phrase, anticipating the upcoming core message (“segment B”). Segment B (“the complement clause”) overwhelmingly occurs with no complementizer dass ‘that’. Instead it can take various forms in spoken interactions: it can be realized as a subordinate clause, a main clause, a complex clause and even as a larger discourse segment. In all these cases, it is no longer a conceptual element of segment A's proposition.
Thus, a usage based approach of die Sache ist-constructions suggests that speakers use it as a projector-construction (Hopper) anticipating an upcoming utterance.
Genuswechsel in Kopulasätzen und die Bedeutung indefiniter Nominalphrasen
Authors: Mueller-Reichau Olav 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
The paper calls attention to the neglected fact that German personal pronouns can agree in gender with the postcopular indefinite nominal of a preceding copular sentence, whilst not agreeing with the subject nominal. A typical example is Dieser Baum ist eine Ulme. Er/Sie ist sehr hoch. The possibility of sie (relating in gender to Ulme) is not predicted by theories that treat postcopular indefinites as predicates. It is shown that this kind of “gender change” is possible in all those cases where the taxonomic shift from the precopular nominal category to the postcopular category either does not involve the abstraction of semantic features (the shift from ‘tree’ to ‘elmtree’, for instance, represents a pure specification), or involves an abstraction that can be motivated pragmatically. The latter possibility is illustrated by examples such as Die Prinzessin ist ein Frosch. Sie/Er ist grün, where the abstraction away from “princess-features” is motivated by the metamorphosis in the fairy tale context. If, however, the shift from the precopular nominal category to the postcopular category involves an abstraction of features that cannot be motivated pragmatically, gender change is rejected. Here, the presumably most important examples suggest the stripping off of sex features, as in: Diese Frau ist ein Star. Sie/Er muss dauernd Interviews geben. Accounting for the fact that it is taxonomic relations among the nominal categories that constrain the possible gender of the pronoun, the paper analyzes the respective postcopular indefinite as denoting a kind. When the described conditions are met, this kind can replace the kind under which the subject individual was originally referred to.
Coherence in affix order
Authors: Trommer Jochen 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
In this article, I propose a new family of constraints on affix order, called “Coherence”, which require that index changes in morphological words are minimized. Coherence constraints complement the optimality-theoretic account of affix order for subject agreement affixes in Trommer (2003c) which relies crucially on alignment constraints, but cannot capture all attested ordering patterns. Coherence constraints have the effect that different affixes expressing features of the same syntactic head appear as close to each other as possible, but also allows to derive the restriction of verb agreement to one argument in many languages with rich inflection, in a line with Grimshaw (2001a, 2001b) and Woolford (2003) who also argue that constraints on morpheme order have crucial effects on the co-occurrence of morphemes. Finally, I show that Coherence-based analyses of the discussed data are superior to approaches in terms of Generalized Alignment (McCarthy & Prince 1993).
Acute toxicity estimation by calculation—Tubifexassay and quantitative structure-activity relationships
Authors: Tichý Miloň , Rucki Marián , Hanzlíková Iveta , Roth Zdeněk 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model dependent on log P(n — octanol/water), or log POW, was developed with acute toxicity index EC50, the median effective concentration measured as inhibition of movement of the oligochaeta Tubifex tubifex with 3 min exposure, EC50(Tt) (mol/L): log EC50(Tt) = −0.809 (±0.035) log POW — 0.495 (±0.060), n = 82, r = 0.931, r2 = 0.867, residual standard deviation of the estimate = 0.315. A learning series for the QSAR model with the oligochaete contained alkanols, alkenols, and alkynols; saturated and unsaturated aldehydes; aniline and chlorinated anilines; phenol and chlorinated phenols; and esters. Three cross-validation procedures proved the robustness and stability of QSAR models with respect to the chemical structure of compounds tested within a series of compounds used in the learning series. Predictive ability was described by q2 = 0.801 (cross-validated r2; predicted variation estimated with cross-validation) in LSO (leave-a structurally series-out) cross-validation.
Expression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperones in Cardiac Development
Authors: Papp Sylvia , Zhang Xiaochu , Szabo Eva , Michalak Marek , Opas Michal 
Published: June 2008

To determine if cardiogenesis causes endoplasmic reticulum stress, we examined chaperone expression. Many cardiac pathologies cause activation of the fetal gene program, and we asked the reverse: could activation of the fetal gene program during development induce endoplasmic reticulum stress/chaperones?We found stress related chaperones were more abundant in embryonic compared to adult hearts, indicating endoplasmic reticulum stress during normal cardiac development. To determine the degree of stress, we investigated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways during cardiogenesis. We detected higher levels of ATF6α, caspase 7 and 12 in adult hearts. Thus, during embryonic development, there is large protein synthetic load but there is no endoplasmic reticulum stress. In adult hearts, chaperones are less abundant but there are increased levels of ATF6α and ER stress-activated caspases. Thus, protein synthesis during embryonic development does not seem to be as intense a stress as is required for apoptosis that is found during postnatal remodelling.
Flat versus Curved Contact Surfaces Effect on Consumer P-Metric and LT Tire Operating Temperatures
Authors: Spadone L. , Bokar J. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Rolling stress and resultant operating temperature is critical to the endurance of a tire. There are fundamental differences between the tire stresses when operating on a flat surface, as experienced in normal highway use, and on a cylindrical laboratory test wheel. Even though there are substantially higher tire stresses and temperatures on a curved test wheel, nonetheless, cylindrical road wheels are widely used with the industry for tire endurance testing. Therefore, it is important to consider the severity of test conditions intended for a flat surface and the equivalent severity on the curved surface in order to avoid subjecting the tire to unrealistic stresses and temperatures. In this study, temperature measurements were made at the tire belt edge and centerline, for both flat and curved surfaces, under designed ranges of load, pressure, and speed conditions. Statistical regression models that predict the temperatures at the tire centerline and belt edge locations are developed and discussed. A simple yet consistent conversion from flat to curved conditions is provided so that equivalent tire temperatures are obtained. Flat highway conditions are derived that are temperature equivalent solutions to each of the FMVSS139 step test conditions.
ASTM Radial Medium Truck Tire Operating Temperatures—Curved versus Flat Surfaces
Authors: Ruip T. M. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
This paper reports the results of an extensive design of experiment (DOE) conducted on radial medium truck tires by the ASTM Committee F09.30 Task Group on Truck/Bus Tire Test Development. These results are from Phase I of the task group’s work, operational (“real world”) tire temperature benchmarking. DOE variables were tire inflation, load, and speed. Response temperatures from embedded thermocouples were measured at apex/ply ending, no. 2/no. 3 belt ending, and shoulder and centerline ribs. Steady-state temperatures for steer, drive, and trailer tires from three different test venues are compared, i.e., flat belt lab machine, road/track, and 1.7 m diam laboratory roadwheel. Results from temperature regression modeling are discussed. Examples of the effects of a curved test surface on tire operating temperatures as well as on tire strain levels are provided. Model predictions are used to compare temperatures and strains of tires running at current Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 119 test conditions versus a severe service long-haul truck operating condition. The concept of “highway speed equivalency” for laboratory endurance testing is proposed.
Damping Characterization Using Hysteresis on Static Nonrolling and Dynamic Rolling Behavior of Farm Tires
Authors: Song G. , Conard B. , Iyengar S. K. R. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
This paper presents the characterization of damping behavior as characterized by hysteresis for farm equipment tires and time domain numerical simulation of off-road tire rolling using finite element techniques. The hysteretic behavior is characterized by the load-displacement curves from static nonrolling vertical loading tests. Using a highly simplified finite element model based solely on tire catalog information and general constructional information, a hysteresis material model is used to simulate the hysteretic load-displacement behavior of farm tires. By choosing appropriate parameters for the hysteresis model, the static nonrolling finite element analyses results correlate very well to the experimental results. The fitted hysteresis material model is then used to simulate the dynamic rolling of a tire dropping off a curb. The bouncing vertical acceleration is of great interest to off-road tires. First, implicit dynamics is used to simulate the rolling using the calibrated hysteresis model. Very good correlations between the simulation results and vehicle test results are obtained. For better off-road rolling performance, the hysteresis model is recalibrated to reduce the vertical acceleration of the tire after the first bounce following the drop-off. The hysteresis model is replicated in explicit dynamics using an Abaqus/Explicit VUMAT subroutine to simulate the dynamic tire rolling behavior. By introducing additional damping and creep dissipation, the vertical acceleration is attenuated in excess of 50% after the first bounce following the drop-off to improve riding comfort. This hysteresis characterization has been shown to give good agreement with test data on nonrolling tests and dynamic drop-off tests. All modeling and solutions were performed using commercially available Abaqus software.
Natural revegetation on forest topsoil and subsoil along roadsides in boreal forest
Authors: Skrindo A.B. , Halvorsen R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractQuestions: Does natural revegetation from indigenous soil improve the restoration success of roadside areas? What are the effects of topsoil, subsoil and fertilization on natural revegetation?Location: Akershus county, SE Norway (10°25′ E, 59° 44′ N).Methods: We used a recently constructed road through a boreal coniferous forest for a three year (2000–2002), fully replicated revegetation experiment (six replications). Treatments were soil type (two levels; one topsoil and one subsoil type) and fertilization (two levels; NPK and unfertilized control). Ordination methods, constrained ordination methods as well as univariate statistical methods, such as Wilcoxon's signed‐rank test and correlation analysis, were used to assess the relative importance and significance of treatments on the plant species composition.Results: There was no fertilization effect on species composition. The species composition on both soil types was stabilised by the second year. The species dominating the topsoil were more in accordance with the indigenous vegetation than was the case on the subsoil. The significant difference in species composition among blocks, persisting for the entire study period, indicated that local factors are important determinants of the outcome of revegetation.Conclusions: Unfertilized topsoil provides a revegetation result in better accordance with the indigenous vegetation than does subsoil.
Optically Active Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes with a Nanocrystalline Magnetic Core
Authors: Bakandritsos Aristides , Bouropoulos Nikos , Zboril Radek , Iliopoulos Kostas , Boukos Nikos , Chatzikyriakos George , Couris Stelios 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe unique properties of magnetic nanocrystals have triggered intensive research towards their effective functionalization and application in many technological fields. Although synthesis of magnetic colloids is being thoroughly studied, there is limited knowledge on the synthesis, characterization, and properties of magnetic polyelectrolyte spherical brushes. In the present work, the preparation of such hybrids and the subsequent formation of stable aqueous colloids are described. The core of the spherical brush consists of a magnetic γ‐Fe2O3 nanocrystallite (faceted but mostly spherical‐like) with a mean diameter of 17 nm. The bioadhesive polyelectrolyte poly(sodium 4‐styrene sulfonate), forming the surrounding brush layer, was proven to be an effective covalently modifying macromolecule for the iron oxide surface, as Fourier transform IR spectroscopy revealed. Several observations on colloidal aspects are discussed and are successfully explained by models and experiments describing polyelectrolyte brushes with a soft polymeric core. Finally, the hybrids exhibit their multifunctional character and their technological importance by combining in a single and soluble product with magnetic and nonlinear optical properties.