bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF THYROIDECTOMY AND THYROXINE ON THE MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF WOUNDS AND SKIN
Authors: Moltke Erik , Lorenzen lb 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The incorporation of 35S sulphate and the total content of hexosamine in skin wounds was determined in thyroidectomized, normal, and thyroxine-treated guinea pigs. Seven days after the production of the wounds, all three groups showed an increase in the 35S incorporation and in the hexosamine content as compared with normal skin. While the relative incorporation of 35S sulphate was most intense among thyroidectomized guinea pigs, the three groups showed no difference in the content of hexosamine. Thyroidectomy induced a more rapid synthesis of sulphated mucopolysaccharide than that observed in the thyroxine-treated and control guinea pigs, whereas the total content of acid mucopolysaccharides in the wound tissues was not affected by either thyroidectomy or thyroxine.
SOME PROPERTIES OF THE B CELLS IN THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS STUDIED WITH REGARD TO THE POSITION OF THE CELLS
Authors: Hellerström Claes , Petersson Birger , Hellman Bo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The B cells of the islets of Langerhans in the rat have been studied with regard to whether they were situated centrally or peripherally in large islets or in small islets. Regional differences in the nuclear size and the position of the nucleoli within the nuclei were found. The smallest nuclear projection areas and the lowest number of nucleoli adjacent to the nuclear membrane were recorded centrally in large islets. The cytological differences may be interpreted as a sign of corresponding differences in the functional state of the B cells. A lower activity of the central B cells in a large islet may be due to these cells being older or the concentrations of glucose and insulin being different from those at the periphery or in small islets.
DIFFERENCES IN CORTICOSTEROID EXCRETION PATTERN BETWEEN INFANTS AND CHILDREN WITH THE ADRENOGENITAL SYNDROME
Authors: Bergstrand C. G. , Birke G. , Plantin L.-O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In a previous study of infants and children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia two types of corticosteroid excretion pattern were demonstrated. The dominating steroid excreted by the older children was found to be pregnane-3α,17α,20-triol whereas the infants, who were »salt-losers« or »potential salt-losers«, excreted fifty to sixty per cent of the corticosteroids as pregnane-3α,17α,20-triol-11-one.
Two of these infants were reexamined at the age of 2½ years and it was found that the pattern of the non-ketonic steroids had changed and was similar to that demonstrated by older children.
The implications of these findings are discussed and it is concluded that the change is most probably related to age. Why the adrenal capacity to oxidize at C-11 decreases with age is obscure.
CORRELATED STUDIES ON PLASMA FREE CORTICOSTERONE AND ON ADRENAL STEROID FORMATION RATE IN VITRO
Authors: van der Vies ]. , Bakker R. F. M. , de Wied D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of various stimuli on the rate of formation of adrenal cortical hormones in vitro and on the plasma free corticosterone were studied in rats.
First, a simple method for the determination of corticosterone in rat plasma is described which is based on the fluorescence of this steroid in sulfuric acid.
In contrast to procedures described by other workers the present technique does not require expensive spectro-fluorometers, but can be performed using a simple fluorometric unit consisting of components which are generally available.
The results obtained with the two methods have shown that the steroid formation rate in vitro and the plasma free corticosterone increases after formalin stress, environmental change and injection of corticotrophin. Hypophysectomy leads to a marked and rapid decline of adrenal activity in vitro and of the plasma free corticosterone.
LIPID PATTERN IN COCKERELS TREATED WITH OESTRADIOL AND MER-25, AN OESTROGEN ANTAGONIST
Authors: Kowalewski K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Cockerels fed normal diet were treated with oestradiol alone or combined with MER-25, an oestrogen antagonist. Serum, liver and aorta lipids in these birds have been determined. In birds given oestradiol a significant rise of serum phospholipids and cholesterol was observed. Oestradiol also resulted in the increase of liver cholesterol and aortic phospholipids of cockerels. MER-25 given alone did not influence significantly the values of lipids studied. When given with oestradiol, MER-25 partially prevented the rise of serum phospholipids and liver cholesterol in cockerels.
HORMONES THYROIDIENNES ET METABOLISME DU CHOLESTEROL CHEZ LE POULET
Authors: Michel Raymond , Cabanne Ferdinand , Truchot Roger , Roche Jean 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Several hypocholesterolaemic and lipotropic drugs had been used as a means of detecting a modification of 3:5:3′-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3:5:3′-triiodothyroacetic acid (TA3) action upon cholesterolaemia in chickens fed on a cholesterol rich diet. This action is characterized by a reduction of serum cholesterol; after the cessation of a prolonged treatment, however, an increase in blood cholesterol is observed, producing a temporary experimental atheroma. Testosterone, unsaturated fatty acid, mesoinositol and choline do not show any antagonism to this hypercholesterolaemia, as we can observe in the controls. On the contrary, vitamin A and 3:5:3′-triiodothyroacetic acid association permit a prolonged maintenance of decreased serum cholesterol; this is due to the action of the TA3 and high reduction of atheromatose. The mechanism of these modifications in the serum cholesterol under different conditions, have been discussed on the basis of the liver coenzyme A content, total serum fat and the cholesterolaemia.
THE NUMBER OF RED BLOOD CELLS IN THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS AS AN INDEX OF THE B CELL ACTIVITY
Authors: Hellerström Claes , Westman Sighild , Zachrisson Ulla , Hellman Bo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The number of red blood cells in the islets of Langerhans has been considered as a useful index of the insulin synthesis, i. e. of the functional state of the B cells of the islets. It was found, however, that in starved rats which had only received water orally, the red blood cell content within the islets increased both absolutely as well as relatively to that in the exocrine parenchyma at the same time as the decrease in the B cell function as estimated by caryometry. There was a marked correlation, both in the control group and in the starved rats, between the red blood cell concentration in the exocrine and endocrine parts of the pancreas. The extent to which a rise in the functional activity of the A cells might have contributed to the increased content of red blood cells in the islets during starvation is discussed.
AUGMENTATION OF THE THYMOLYTIC ACTION OF CORTISOL BY EPINEPHRINE
Authors: Stephenson N. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The subcutaneous administration of small amounts of epinephrine and cortisol in the same aqueous medium resulted in a marked augmentation of the thymolytic activity of the steroid. This effect of epinephrine was observed in both adrenalectomized and intact rats. When the epinephrine and the cortisol were given at different injection sites, the increase in potency was either absent or reduced in magnitude. Apparently epinephrine exerted its effect locally by altering the rate of absorption of the corticosteroid in such a way as to maintain a higher than normal level of cortisol in the blood between injections.
ON THE PERMEABILITY OF THE GUINEA PIG PLACENTA TO INTRAVENOUSLY INJECTED PROGESTERONE-4-14C
Authors: Castrén O. , Hirvonen L. , Närvänen S. , Soiva K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The permeability of the guinea pig placenta to progesterone was studied by injecting progesterone-4-14C intravenously into seven pregnant guinea pigs, and determining the levels of radioactivity in the plasma samples taken from the mothers and foetuses during 15 minutes after the injection. The ratio of the levels of radioactivity in the plasma of the foetus to the level in the plasma of the mother increased with time. In three experiments progesterone-4-14C was injected into the umbilical vein of one of the foetuses in the uterus. Radioactivity was measured in the plasma samples that were taken from the mother from 2 to 23 minutes after the injection. A low level of radioactivity was also found in some of the plasma samples taken from the other foetuses. These observations show that radioactive progesterone or its metabolites pass through the guinea pig placenta in both directions.
THE EFFECT OF GONADECTOMY ON THE RESPONSE OF THE PITUITARY I. C. S. H.-CONTENT TO STEROID SEX HORMONES
Authors: Paesi F. J. A. , van Rees G. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of chronic administration of sex hormones on the pituitary I. C. S. H.-content was studied in intact and gonadectomized rats. If the treatment of gonadectomized animals was not started until a considerable time had elapsed after the operation, the resulting decrease in the pituitary I. C. S. H.-content was less than expected on the basis of dose and duration of treatment. The hypothesis was investigated whether this is due to gradually evolving changes in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system, initiated and caused by gonadectomy. In accordance with this conception, treatment of spayed female rats with high doses of oestradiol benzoate and testosterone propionate from the day after the operation onwards caused a fall in the pituitary I. C. S. H.-content to the same final level as was reached in intact control animals after treatment with these doses. However, if lower doses of oestradiol benzoate and testosterone propionate were given, there still remained a difference between intact and gonadectomized rats: again, the decrease in the pituitary I. C. S. H.-content was less in gonadectomized than in intact animals. There are two possibilities: a) in rats, testosterone propionate and oestradiol benzoate are not the physiological hormones responsible for the pituitary inhibition; b) castration induces rapid changes (e. g. by way of a reflex) in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system, which increases the resistance to the influence of steroid sex hormones. The latter hypothesis which, according to available evidence, seems the more probable, will be discussed in a following paper.
THE EFFECT OF GONADECTOMY ON THE RESPONSE OF THE PITUITARY I. C. S. H.-CONTENT TO STEROID SEX HORMONES
Authors: van Rees G. P. , Paesi F. J. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In the experiments reported in this paper the hypothesis that the decrease in the pituitary I. C. S. H.-content, which occurs after administration of steroid sex hormones in gonadectomized animals, is counteracted by a reflex stimulation of the hypophysis initiated by the operation has been investigated.
If treatment with a low dose of testosterone propionate (100 μg) was started immediately after castration, the resulting decrease in the pituitary I. C. S. H.-content became more marked if the reflex stimulation of the hypophysis had been prevented. If, however, two months were allowed to elapse before the beginning of treatment, the presence or absence of this reflex was no longer of importance for the effect of testosterone propionate on the pituitary I. C. S. H.-content. And yet, in this case too, the decrease in the pituitary I. C. S. H.-content by testosterone propionate was less than in intact animals (see preceding paper).
Hence this decrease appears to be counteracted by two factors: one rapidly occurring and short lasting, resulting from a reflex elicited by gonadectomy; the other gradually increasing in potency and possibly a direct consequence of the continued absence of pituitary inhibiting sex steroids.
THE FORMATION OF ANTIGONADOTROPHIN IN SHEEP AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ENDOCRINES AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Authors: Pigon H. , Clegg M. T. , Cole H. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Eight female sheep were treated twice weekly with various doses of equine gonadotrophin injected either subcutaneously or intravenously. Antigonadotrophic activity appeared by the second week with injections of 200 IU, by the third week with 500 IU, and by the fifth week with the highest dose (1000 IU). In the last case, maximum activity was delayed until the 7th week. Route of injection did not influence rate of formation. When injections were discontinued, the antigonadotrophic potency of the serum was reduced after three weeks, but the levels again rose rapidly upon resumption of treatment, soon equaling or exceeding the former levels.
Prolonged administration of gonadotrophin did not influence the weights of the pituitary gland, adrenal, thyroid, or ovaries. When large doses of equine gonadotrophin (500 or 1000 IU) were injected twice weekly, the ovaries remained acyclic and pituitary LH content was significantly reduced.
DISSIMILARITY BETWEEN ARGININE- AND LYSINE VASOPRESSIN IN RAT PRESSOR ASSAYS
Authors: Nielsen Aage Theil 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Two preparations of hog posterior pituitary: 1) acetone dried hog posterior pituitary and 2) purified lysine vasopressin were assayed for pressor activity against two different preparations of beef posterior pituitary: 1) the International Posterior Pituitary Standard and 2) the USP Posterior Pituitary Reference Standard, batch G.
Three slightly different rat pressor methods were used:
I: pithed rat under pentobarbitone + urethane, II: rat under chlorbutol + phenoxybenzamine, III: rat under urethane + phenoxybenzamine.
In male rats the index of discrimination: arginine- against lysine vasopressin on method II over method I ranged from 1.15–1.19.
Within the particular methods a significant heterogeneity among replicates was demonstrated.
It was concluded, that neither the antidiuretic nor the pressor activity of lysine vasopressin could be definitely expressed in international (beef posterior pituitary-) units. An international standard for lysine vasopressin (hog posterior pituitary) seems essential.
PANCREATIC DIABETES AND HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN THE SNAKE XENODON MERREMII
Authors: Houssay B. A. , Penhos J. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
1. – Total pancreatectomy in Xenodon merremii produces a slight decrease in blood sugar for 1–3 days, and later on a progressive increase until a diabetic level (5–6 times higher than the normal was reached). 2. – Removal of 83–88 % of the pancreatic mass produces no changes in the blood sugar level. 3. – Hypophysectomy in fasting snakes produces: progressive decrease of glycaemia, adynamia and death. 4. – Preventive hypophysectomy diminishes the increase in blood sugar after pancreatectomy. Hypophysectomy in diabetic pancreatectomized animals brings about a decrease of the glycaemia. 5. – This snake is sensitive to insulin, the effect being greater in pancreatectomized than in normal animals. 6. – Alloxan produces an initial transitory increase of glycaemia, followed by a marked and lasting hypoglycaemia. Diabetes was not observed. 7. – Carbutamide and tolbutamide produced a decrease in the blood sugar level in normal snakes, but did not diminish it in the pancreatectomized animals. 8. – Glucagon has a powerful and very lasting hyperglycaemic action in the snakes. 9. – The glucose tolerance curve has a long duration in normal snakes and is even more prolonged in the pancreatectomized snakes. 10. – Cortisol had a transitory hyperglycaemic action in normal and totally pancreatectomized snakes. Somatotrophin only has this action in the pancreatectomized animals.
THE INFLUENCE OF IODIDE AND IODIZED COMPOUNDS ON THE PBI AND THE 131I TRACER TEST WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VARIOUS BIOLOGIC STATES OF THE THYROID
Authors: Thorén Arne 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of iodide and iodized compounds upon radioactive iodine tracer tests and on the PBI was investigated by repeated tests in 75 patients. The substances were contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous pyelography, iodized poppy seed oil (»Lipiodol«), iodochlorhydroxyquinoline (»Entero-Vioform«), iodocasein (»Etibol«), and a colloidal iodine preparation (»Tikajod«). The series comprises patients with thyrotoxicosis and with atoxic nodular goiters, patients treated surgically or by radioiodine for thyrotoxicosis, one patient with juvenile atoxic goiter, one who was hypothyroid following radioiodine therapy and, lastly, patients with no known thyroid disease.
An attempt was made to determine the time required for normalization of the tests following administration of the various agents and also to ascertain whether the duration of the influence varied with different biological states of the thyroid.–Although the series as a whole exhibits major variations, it is possible to establish for each compound a maximum duration, after which it fails to influence tracer tests and PBI. The tracer test is frequently influenced for a longer period than is PBI. Patients with thyrotoxicosis and, possibly, those with diffuse juvenile goiter are affected for considerably lesser periods than are euthyroid subjects.
PITUITARY HYPERTROPHY AFTER ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMIC LESION
Authors: Flerkó Béla , Bárdos Vera 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Uninhibited oestrogen secretion following lesions of the ventral anterior hypothalamus brings about an increase in pituitary weight as well as cytological changes similar to those observed after prolonged oestradiol treatment. – It is assumed that pituitary hypertrophy and the characteristic cytological changes are the results of a direct action of oestrogen on the adenohypophysis, whereas inhibition of FSH-secretion is an indirect effect, mediated by the hypothalamus. – Hypophyseal gonadotrophic activity can not be assessed by pituitary cytology alone without taking into account the state of the gonads and the accessory reproductive organs.
STUDIES ON SULFATION FACTOR (SF) ACTIVITY OF HUMAN SERUM
Authors: Almqvist Sven 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The sulfation factor (SF) activity of human sera has been estimated using a modification of the method of Daughaday et al. (1959). Each assay was statistically evaluated. The method had a mean precision of 0.14 and, used as an assay of GH of human serum, a sensitivity in three pituitary dwarfs of 0.1 to 0.6 μg of HGH/ml of serum. SF activity was found at all ages between 1 month and 75 years. There was a significantly lower mean SF activity below the age of half a year. Three cases of pituitary dwarfism had significantly low SF activities of sera. There was no significant difference between the SF activities of sera from untreated pituitary dwarfs and the sera from normal children below half a year of age. Dose-response curves with large volumes of sera from pituitary dwarfs and small volumes of sera from normal humans had the same slopes. Four mg of HGH prepared according to the method of Li & Papkoff (1956) resulted in a normal serum SF activity in each of the three dwarfs. A significant (P < 0.01) linear relationship was found between the concentration of SF activity of sera from these subjects and the logarithm of the dose of HGH given with dose levels of 1, 2 and 4 mg daily for three days. The decline of serum SF activity to the pre-treatment level following HGH in one dwarf suggested a half life not different from that indicated by others for growth hormone.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF NANDROLONE DECANOATE
Authors: de Visser J. , Overbeek G. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
1. The pharmacological properties of nandrolone decanoate (= caprinate), by abbreviation nor-A. D., have been studied. 2. Nor-A. D. has a marked, long-lasting effect on the levator ani muscle of the castrated rat, but it has little activity on the seminal vesicles and prostate. 3. Nor-A. D. displays only weak gonad inhibiting properties in male and female rats. 4. The anti-oestrogenic activity is low. 5. At high dose levels the anabolic activity becomes maximal and the other effects become evident. The same can be expected to occur if injections are administered with too great a frequency. 6. Chronic toxicity studies in rats and dogs demonstrate its lack of toxicity.
DER NTQ-TEST, EINE EINFACHE TESTIERUNGSMETHODE FÜR CORTICOTROPIN- UND DEPOT-CORTICOTROPIN-PRÄPARATE
Authors: Hohlweg W. , Laschet U. , Dörner G. , Daume E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The NTQ-test (quotient adrenal weight: thymus weight) on normal 3 weeks old male rats is a simple and exact method for the determination of intensity and duration of action of usual and long-acting corticotrophin preparations.
ZUR FRAGE DER VERMINDERTEN ÖSTROGENBILDUNG IN DER PLACENTA NACH UNTERBRECHUNG DES FÖTALEN KREISLAUFES
Authors: Breuer H. , Ortlepp R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The conversion of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione to oestrone in human placenta has been investigated using the enzyme preparation as described by Ryan (1959). The biogenesis of oestrone decreased with increasing length of time between the delivery of the baby and the expulsion of the placenta. The experiments confirm the suggestion by Cassmer (1959) that the sudden fall in oestrogen excretion following the interruption of the foetal circulation may be due to an impairment of the aromatizing enzyme system.
EFFECTS OF ADRENALINE ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN THE ISOLATED DIAPHRAGM OF INTACT AND ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS AS INFLUENCED BY »NEMBUTAL« ANAESTHESIA
Authors: Bouman P. R. , Dermer W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Hemidiaphragms of intact and adrenalectomized rats which had been killed by decapitation, were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C under aerobic conditions. Glucose uptake and glycogen deposition were determined. Addition of adrenaline in vitro (1 μg/ml) caused a substantial decrease in glucose uptake in both types of diaphragms, this decrease being equivalent to a simultaneous inhibition of glycogen deposition.
»Nembutal« anaesthesia prior to decapitation was found to alter the response to adrenaline. This change was most clearly observed in diaphragms of adrenalectomized rats. Here, adrenaline mainly affected glycogen metabolism by way of glycogen degradation, whereas the overall magnitude of the response was not materially changed. However, glucose uptake appeared to be only slightly decreased by adrenaline under these conditions.
The change in response to adrenaline was attributed to the higher initial glycogen content observed in diaphragms of nembutalized rats. It was suggested that prevention of an acute release of endogenous adrenergic substances, occurring after decapitation of unanaesthetized donor rats, may be the actual cause of this phenomenon. Attention was drawn to the significance of the initial glycogen content as an important factor in carbohydrate metabolism of the isolated rat diaphragm.