bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE BIOTYPES OF CYNODON DACTYLON (L.) PERS.
Authors: ROCHECOUSTE E. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. Studies on clones of cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. have revealed the existence of four biotypes of this species. The sole use of morphological characters to classify them was found unsatisfactory and other definite diagnostic characters have been introduced comprising hair group characteristics and leaf and stolon epidermal structures. Cytotogical studies showed that the biotypes differ in their chromosome number; tetraploid and triploid races have been distinguished. Phasic growth investigations have pointed out that thr biotypes have a similar growth behaviour but that the tetraploids are more vigorous plants than the triploids. Studies on the seasonal variation in available carbohydrates in rhizomes and roots have established that the seasonal trend of this reserve substance in these organs is related to rhizome growth. Recherches sur des biotypes de Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE TRANSLOCATION OF 14C‐LABELLED HERBICIDES IN BRACKEN (PTERIDIUM AQUILINUM)
Authors: McINTYRE G. I. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. The translocation of 14C‐labelled herbieides in field bracken has been sludied in some preliminary experiments by means of autoradiography. A detailed account is given of the methods employed. It is shown that when 2,4‐D is applied to fronds at different stages of development movement of the tracer into the rhizome is considerably greater from parts of the frond which are still immature. Trasnslocation within the frond is predominantly basipetal at all stages of development; within the rhizome the direction of movement appears to be determined primarily by the nature of the vascular connections with the treated pinna.In a comparison between the translocation of 2,4‐D, 4‐CPA and dalapon no difference was apparent after 24 hours, but when the treatment period was extended to 96 hours there was evidence that 4‐CPA bad been translocated in a considerably greater amount than either of the other two herbicides. Rechrches iréliminaires sur la migration des herbieides marqués am
14
C dans la fougrère algle (Pteridium aquilinum)
NOTE ON THE BIOASSAY OF CHLORPROPHAM IN SOIL
Authors: ROBERTS H. A. , WILSON B. J. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. A method for the bioassay of chlorpropham in soil from field plots is described which involves the preparation of mixtures of treated soil with untreated soil and the determination of the dilution required to produce 50% inhibition of primary root growth in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Using this method, it was found that the period required for 90% disappearance of chlorpropham from a sandy foam ranged from 3 to 14 weeks, according to the prevailing temperature and soil moisture conditions. When applications of 1 and 2 lb/ac were compared, the percentages of chlorpropham remaining at any one time were similar.Dosage biologique du chlorpropham dans le sol
STUDIES ON THE BIOTYPES OF CYNODON DACTYLON (L.) PERS.
Authors: ROCHECOUSTE E. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. Results obtained on the growth response of biotypes of Cynodon dactylon to trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and 2,2‐dichloropropionic acid (dalapon), both formulated as the sodium salt, have indicated that the tetraploid biotypes are more resistant than the triploid, and that biotypes of the same chromosome number also differ in their response to these herbicides.Investigations on the effects of adding non‐ionic, cationic and anionic wetting agents to aqueous Solutions of the herbicides in which the leaves of plants were immersed showed that, in general, the wetting agents did not significantly increase the phytotoxicity of either herbicide.Studies on bud dormancy revealed that uptake of TCA and dalapon via the roots is through the transpiration stream and that in tetraploids the dormant period induced by the acids is shorter than in triploids. Eludes sur les biotypes de Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. II. Les réactions aux acides trichloracétique et 2,2‐dichloropropionique
AN AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE MOVEMENT OF 14C‐LABELLED ASSIMILATES IN THE DEVELOPING WHEAT PLANT
Authors: QUINLAN J. D. , SAGAR G. R. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. 14CO2 together with autoradiographic techniques was used to stuy the movement of labelled carbon within wheat plants at different stages in their development. Movement of 14C about the plain was found to be extensive in the early stages, gradually bccoming more localized until at a stage after ear emergence there was little transference of labelled carbon between tillers within a 24‐hour period.In the early stages of development 14C from leaves on the main shoot was transported throughout the plant but accumulated in greatest amounts in the meristematic regions. Assimilates produced by the leaves of newly formed tillers were distributed mainly to the meristematic regions of those tillers although labelled carbon was moved in into the rest of the plant. In the later stages of development of each tiller the labelled assimilate was restricted to the tiller itself and to any very young tillers associated with it. After car emergence the pattern of distribution of the labelled carbon from the youngest and second youngest leaves was found to differ. Movement was predominantly towards the ear from the flag leaf and towards the root system from the leaf below the flag.It was noticed that mature leaves accumulated some labelled material and the possibility that this occurred via the transpiration stream following migration from phloem to xylem, as is the case with some of the case with some of the translocated herbicides, was investigated, but no indication of xylem transference was obtained.The possible application of these studies to investigations into the relationship between the movement natural assimilates and of translocated herbicides is discussed.
PERSISTENCE OF PHYTOTOXIC RESIDUES OF TRIAZINE HERBICIDES IN SOIL
Authors: HOLLY K. , ROBERTS H. A. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. A bioassay technique for the determination of phytotoxic residues of triazine herbicides and monuron in soil from field plots is described. The effect of a dilution series with untreated soil on shoot growth of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is compared with that in a corresponding assay at the lime of application of the herbicide. This method was used to compare the persistence of residues of simazine, propazine, prometon and monuron, and to compare persistence in 3 years and in three soil types. The time required for disappearance of 80% of the activity following application of 2 lb/ac of simazine varied from 7 to 27 weeks, according to the year. Prometon was the most persistent of the triazines tested.Persistance de résidus phyloloxiques d'herbicides à base de triazines dans le sol
THE EFFECTS OF SUB‐LETHAL DOSES OF MCPA ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND YIELD OF VEGETABLE CROPS
Authors: WAY J. M. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. The effects of sub‐lethal doses of MCPA‐sodium on the morphology, yield and marketability of cabbage, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts were studied in field and glasshouse experiments. The epinastic and formative effects in all three crops were similar. Cauliflower was the most susceptible and cabbage the least, but the marketability of these two crops was adversely affected at lower doses (less than 0.06 lb/ac a.e.) than that of Brussels sprouts (not below 0.1 Ib/ac a.e.), where the damage to the apex had less effect on the economically important portion of the plant. Brussels sprouts also produced lateral shoots on which normal sprouts developed even when the main stem above had been killed. In all three crops, characteristic galls were produced on the stems, and these, together with the effects on the stem apices, the leaves and the roots, are described and contrasted with abnormalities caused by other agencies.Effets de doses sub‐létales de MCPA sur la morphologie et le rendement des cultures tégumières IL Choux, choux‐fleurs et choux de Bruxelles
ESSAIS DE DESTRUCTION DE LA FOLLE‐AVOINE (AVENA FATUA L.) DANS LES CULTURES D'ORGE DE PRINTEMPS
Authors: FAIVRE‐DUPAIGRE R. 
Published: July 2006

Résumé. La folle‐avoine (Avena fatua L.) est en grande expansion dans les cultures d'orge de printemps, en France. Le barbane, le di‐allate, la triazine G 34361, le dichlobénil ont été expérimentés, pour détruire sélectivement cette adventice. Ces essais, réalisés en 1961, avaient pour but de déterminer l'action de ces produits sur la folle‐avoine, et quelques variétés d'orge, et d'en déduire les conditions pratiques d'emploi.La dose de 0,7.5 kg/ha de barbane, permet de détruire 80–95% de la population de folle‐avoine, lorsqu'elle a 2–3 feuilles. Une bonne régularité de la leveé de l'adventice est un facteur essentiel de réussite des traitements. Les variétés: Rika, Piroline, Irma, Ingrid, Alouette, Wisa, Carlsberg II, peuvent être traitées à la dose précédente sans risque de diminuer leur rendement. La variété Aurore est apparue la plus sensible; des essais ultérieurs seront réalisés pour déterminer s'il est possible de la traiter avec le barbane.Le di‐allate, utilisé avant le semis de l'orge, à la dose de 1 kg/ha, permet une bonne destruction de la folle‐avoine, sans nuire à la céréale, sauf dans certaines conditions de sol (terre sableuse). La dose de 2 kg/ha provoque généralement une diminution importante du rendement de l'orge.La triazine G 34361, utilisée en post émergence et le dichlobénil utilisé en préémergence, n'ont pas une sélectivité suffisante pour detruire la folle‐avoine dans l'orge. Versuche zur Flughaferbekämpfung in Sommergerste
THE RESPONSE TO VARIATIONS IN NITROGEN LEVEL OF SOME WEED SPECIES OF THE SUDAN
Authors: CHADWIGK M. J. , OBEID MOHAMMED 
Published: July 2006

Summary. Five weed species, Argemone mexicana, Calotropis procera, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus and Dactylocleniwn aegyptium, and two crop plants, Gossypium barbadense and Sorghum vulgare, were grown at five nitrogen levels (3, 9, 27, 81 and 243 ppm N) in sand‐culture. The response of the species was noted in terms of total dry‐weight yield, percentage dry‐weight and mm; shout ratio. Cynodon dactylon and Calotropis procera both showed a strong linear relationship between dry‐weight yield and nitrogen level, yield increasing with increase in nitrogen concentration. This response was at a higher overall level and higher rate in the former species. Argemone mexicana, and the two crop plants, yielded best at 81 ppm, yield being depressed by the highest nitrogen level. Dactyloctenium aegyptium showed a somewhat similar response to Argemone mexicana. Cyperus rotundus exhibited yield peaks at 9 and 81 ppm N. Percentage dry‐weight values were highly variable but in most cases highest yield was accompanied by the highest shoot : root ratio.The responses of the species are discussed in relation to the soil factors prevailing in the habitats in which they are usually found. Adaptation on the part of some weed species is suggested where the yield response is similar to that of some of the crop plants with which they are usually associated.The ability to reproduce similar reactions to variations in nitrogen level on the part of three weed species, on two separate occasions, indicates that real and reliable responses can be demonstrated in work of this kind.Réaction de quelques espèces de mauvaises herbes du Soudan à diverses concentrations d'azote
THE EFFECTS OF MCPA AND 2,3,6‐TBA ON GLASSHOUSE CUCUMBERS
Authors: KINGHAM H. G. , FLETCHER J. T. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. The effect of sub‐lethal doses of MCPA‐sodium and 2,3,6‐TBA‐sodium on young cucumber plants was studied in three replicated experiments. The materials were applied either to the leaves of plants in pots or as a soil drench. Epinastic and formative effects were observed. Formative effects included leaf inrolling and blistering, stem and petiole proliferation, and root modification. The symptom pattern resulting from application of each material was described.Les effets du MCPA et du 2,3,6‐TBA sur Us concombres cultivés en serre
FACTORS AFFECTING THE SELECTIVITY OF 2,3‐DICHLOROALLYLDIISOPROPYLTHIOLCARBAMATE (DI‐ALLATE) AGAINST AVENA SPP. IN WHEAT AND BARLEY
Authors: PARKER C. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. A series of pot experiments has been undertaken to assess the selectivity of 2,3‐dichloroallyldiisopropylthiolcarbamate (di‐allate) against Avena spp. in wheat and barley. It is shown that depth of incorporation, depth of sowing, variety and temperature can all influence the degree of selectivity. When di‐allate is incorporated deeply before sowing, there is good selectivity against Avena fatua L. (wild oat) in barley, but the order can be influenced by the depth at germination of both crop and weed, since the susceptibility of both species increases with increasing depth. Wheat does not exhibit the same response to depth of sowing but variety and temperature are important; the variety ‘Svenno’ is particularly susceptible, and both ‘Svenno’and‘Atte’are much more susceptible at 20° C than at 10° C. As A. fatua is slightly more susceptible at 10° C than at 20° C, selectivity is greater at the lower temperature.Shallow incorporation of di‐allate after sowing gives a much more general selectivity in both barley and wheat, but there is still some element of risk in wheat. Whereas for barley a layer of only 0.5 in. of untreated soil above the seed is adequate protection against damage by di‐allate, 1–1.5 in. of untreated soil may be required above the seed of wheat, depending on variety and temperature. The success of shallow incorporations is explained on the basis that the most sensitive region of the plant is the 10–15 mm above the coleoptile node, which includes the stem apex and developing leaf tissue. This region is moved up in the soil rapidly in Avena spp. by elongation of the ‘mesocotyl’, whereas in wheat and barley, the stem apex is only moved up considerably later by elongation of the internode above the coleoptile node.2,3,3‐Trichloroallyldiisopropylthiolcarbamate (tri‐allate) as compared to di‐allate has a greater selectivity in barley when the compounds are incorporated deeply; also it has greater selectivity in both wheat and barley when shallowly incorporated after sowing.Facteurs influençant la sélectivité du diisopropylthiolcarbamate de 2,3‐dichloroallyle (di‐allate) appliqué sur blé et sur orge contre Avena spp.
THE EFFECTS OF SUB‐LETHAL DOSES OF MCPA ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND YIELD OF VEGETABLE CROPS
Authors: WAY J. M. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. The effects of sub‐lethal doses of MCPA‐sodium on the morphology, yield and maturity of French beans, and on the morphology of broad beans, were studied in field and glasshouse experiments. Epinasty in French beans developed at 0.002 lb/ac a.e., but formative effects were not seen at less than 0–1 lb/ac. With doses up to 0.4 lb/ac there was no significant reduction in yield or haulm weight, but at 1.0 lb/ac and above, yield was reduced and some of the plants sprayed at an early stage of growth were killed. There were characteristic modifications of the roots and stems and of those leaves which were at a susceptible stage of development when sprayed. Broad beans were only slightly injured by 0.2 lb/ac but were generally killed by 2.0 lb/ac. Abnormalities were noted in the germination of seed produced by affected plants.Effets de doses sub‐léthales de MCPA sur la morphologic et le rendement des cultures légumières IV. Haricots verts et fèves
THE HERBICIDAL EFFECT OF SOME SUBSTITUTED ANILIDES
Authors: MATOLCSY G. , HAMRAN M. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. The 3,4‐dichloroanilides of four herbicidally active and of four inactive or weakly active phenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids were synthesized and tested for herbicidal activity, in order to study the effect of compounds comprising the two characteristic groupings within one molecule. 4‐Chloro‐2‐methylphenoxyacetic acid, 2,4‐dichloro‐phenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and a‐[2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxy] propionic acid were selected as representatives of active compounds; and phenoxyacetic acid, 2‐methylphenoxyacetic acid, 3,5‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,6‐trichloro‐phenoxyacetic acid as inactive or weakly active compounds.The compounds were tested in the glasshouse on wheat and white mustard as pre‐and post‐emergence treatments. The synthesized 3,4‐dichloroanilides had no or little herbicidal activity, as compared with the high activity of the known herbicides 3,4‐dichloropropionanilide and 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The conclusion can be drawn that the introduction of phenoxy groupings into the acid moiety of the active fatty acid‐3,4‐dichloroanilides as well as the introduction of the 3,4‐dichloroaniline group into the carboxylic group of the active phenoxyacetic acids decreases herbicidal activity. This last phenomenon is probably due to a decreased ability to be hydrolysed.L'activité herbicide de quelques anilides substituées
FIELD INVESTIGATIONS CONCERNING THE SELECTIVE PHYTOTOXICITY OF DI‐ALLATE TO AVENA SPP. IN WHEAT AND BARLEY
Authors: HOLROYD J. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. The following factors influencing the selectivity of di‐allate against Avena spp. in spring wheat and barley have been investigated in seven field experiments: (a) depth and degree to which the herbicide is mixed with the soil, (b) time of application of the herbicide relative to sowing the crop, (c) implement used to incorporate the herbicide with the soil, (d) depth of germination of the Avena spp.Di‐allate and tri‐allate incorporated relatively deeply before drilling the crop controlled Avena spp, much more effectively than when incorporated shallowly by chain‐harrowing after drilling, but the pre‐drilling treatments were also more toxic to the crop.In wheat, di‐allate incorporated shallowly after drilling was slightly more selective than when incorporated more deeply before drilling but in barley there was no evidence to favour either time of application. Pre‐drilling treatments incorporated by a rotary cultivator were a little more selective to both crops than those incorporated by springtine harrows.Tri‐allate was more selective than di‐allate, in wheat, when incorporated before drilling the crop. There was no evidence regarding its selectivity as a post‐drilling treatment.The initial distribution of the herbicide in the soil, after incorporation by: (a) spring‐tine harrowing once, (b) rotary cultivating once or twice, or (c) chain harrowing once, was measured in one experiment by a fluorescent tracer technique. The results showed that ordinary farm implements give a very uneven distribution (both vertical and lateral) of herbicide in the soil.In the field, di‐allate and tri‐allate incorporated with the soil shallowly after drilling proved to be less selective and less active than similar treatments in the glasshouse. It is suggested that the reduced selectivity of these treatments in the field is due to loss of herbicide by vaporization and retention of the herbicide by the soil under dry conditions.The importance of the various factors influencing the selectivity of di‐allate and triallate in the field is discussed in the light of the results of these experiments and those of other research workers (particularly Parker, 1963).Essais de plein champ sur la phytotoxicité sélective du di‐allate envers les Avena spp. dans le blé et l'orge
THE USE OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE OF ISOCIL, 5‐BROMO‐6‐METHYL‐3‐ISOPROPYLURACIL*
Authors: MERKLE M. , DANTI A. , HALL R. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra have shown that isocil, 5‐bromo‐6‐methyl‐3‐isopropyluracil, exists almost entirely in the ‘keto’ form, i.e. that the hydrogen atom is attached to the nitrogen at position one in the ring rather than to the oxygen at position two. Spectra were obtained in deuterated chloroform to avoid solvent interference. This method may be of value in determining structures of other herbicides where‘keto’‐‘enol’equilibria arc believed to exist.Utilisation de la résonance magnétique nucléaire pour la détermination de la structure de l'isocil (5‐bromo 6‐méthyl‐3‐isopropyluracile)
CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL IN MAIZE
Authors: EDDOWES M. , HARPUR R. L. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. From 1959 to 1962 the effects of some triazine and growth regulator herbicides applied pre‐emergence and post‐emergence to maize grown for silage were studied in field experiments on light to medium loam soils at Harper Adams College, Shropshire.Atrazine applied pre‐emergence at 1–1.5 lb/ac gave good control of annual weeds and was superior to simazine at equivalent rates. Soil moisture and rainfall after spraying were found to influence the activity of the triazines, but both were completely tolerated by maize. In 1960, 1961 and 1962 atrazine was much more effective against annual weeds than post‐emergence applications of MCPA and 2,4‐D. However MCPA and 2,4‐D gave adequate control of a range of annual and perennial weeds under favourable conditions in 1959 and 1960 but results were poor in the two following years due to the presence of resistant and late germinating weeds.The effect of the herbicides on development and yield of ihe maize are discussed. Le désherbage chimique dans le mais
COMPARATIVE TOLERANCE OF SOME DICOTYLEDONS TO CHLORPROPHAM
Authors: ROBERTS H. A. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. The concentration of chlorpropham required to reduce primary root clongation by 50% was determined for more than 180 species of dicotyledons in laboratory tests and was found to vary from 0.01 ppm to more than 10 ppm. With certain exceptions, species within a family responded similarly; the Polygonaccae and Caryophyllaceae were the most susceptible and the Compositae were the most tolerant. There was a general correspondence between the test results and the relative susceptibility of species in the field. Tests with different varieties of Brassies oleracea and Daucus carota showed no significant differences in varietal response.Tolérance comparée de quelques dicotylédones au chlorpropham
ZUR MORPHOLOGISCHEN DIFFERENZIERUNG VON KAMILLE‐ARTEN (GATTUNGEN ANTHEMIS UND MATRICARIA) IM ROSETTENSTADIUM
Authors: RUSCH R. 
Published: July 2006

Zusammenfassung. Für die in Deutschland als Ackerunkräuter vorkommenden Kamillearten der Gattungen Anthemis und Matricaria wird ein Bestimmungsschlüssel gebracht, der die Differenzierung dieser Arten im Rosettenstadium ermöglicht. Morphological difference between species of the genera Anthémis ami Matricaria (mayiveeds) at the rosette stage
SOIL PLACEMENT STUDIES WITH EPTC AND OTHER CARBAMATE HERBICIDES ON AVENA SATIVA*
Authors: APPLEBY A. P. , FURTICK W. R. , FANG S. C. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. Studies were conducted to determine the effect of soil placement of EPTC, di‐allate and propham (IPC) on oats. A technique called the‘envelope method’was used to make possible the separate exposure of coleoptiles, seed and roots of emerging oat seedlings to the various herbicides. EPTC at 1.0 ppm, di‐allate at 2.0 ppm and propham at 3.0 ppm were all extremely toxic to oats through colcoptile uptake. Penetration of roots into treated soil, however, resulted in very little injury to the plant. Plants grew undamaged from seeds which had been allowed to imbibe for 36 hr in soil treated with EPTC at 1.0 ppm.Studies using radioactive EPTC indicated that both roots and coleoptiles readily absorbed EPTC from soil and that measurable amounts translocated both upward and downward. Under certain circumstances, as much unmetabolized EPTC could accumulate in roots as in shoots, even though less toxicity was noted from root exposure. This would indicate, that the differential sensitivity between roots and shoots is not due to differences in uptake, translocation, or metabolic breakdown. Rather it appears that the shoot is the major site of lethal action of EPTC in oats. Étude du placement de l'EPTC et d'autres carbamates dans le sol avec Avena saliva