bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiling of 95 MicroRNAs in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines and Surgical Specimens by Real‐Time PCR Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Li Min , Wang Hao , Fisher William E. , Lin Peter H. , Yao Qizhi , Chen Changyi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cancer pathogenesis, apoptosis, and cell growth, thereby functioning as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. However, expression alterations and roles of these miRNAs in pancreatic cancer are largely unknown. We hypothesized that pancreatic cancer may have a unique miRNA profile, which may play a critical role in pancreatic cancer development, progression, diagnosis, and prognosis.MethodsDifferential expression of 95 miRNAs was analyzed by real time RT‐PCR using the QuantiMir System. All 95 miRNAs chosen for the array are based on their potential functions related to cancer biology, cell development, and apoptosis. The expression of miRNAs for pancreatic cancer tissue samples or cancer cell lines was normalized to U6 RNA and compared with those in relatively normal pancreatic tissues or normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells. Human pancreatic tissue with chronic pancreatitis also was included for analysis.ResultsIn the initial analysis, the expression of most 95 miRNAs was substantially changed in pancreatic cancer tissues (n = 5) and cell lines (n = 3) compared with relatively normal pancreatic tissues and HPDE cells. However, each pancreatic cancer tissue or cell type had a substantially different profiling pattern with other cases or cell types as well as chronic pancreatitis tissue, indicating the individual diversity of pancreatic cancer. Further analysis was performed on 10 pancreatic cancer cell lines and 17 pairs of pancreatic cancer/normal tissues. Eight miRNAs were significantly upregulated in most pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines, including miR‐196a, miR‐190, miR‐186, miR‐221, miR‐222, miR‐200b, miR‐15b, and miR‐95. The incidence of upregulation of these eight genes between normal control subjects and tumor cells or tissues ranged from 70–100%. The magnitude of increase of these miRNAs in pancreatic cancer samples ranged from 3‐ to 2018‐fold of normal control subjects.ConclusionsPancreatic cancer tissues or cell lines have a unique miRNA profiling pattern at the individual basis compared with relatively normal pancreatic tissues or cells as well as pancreatitis tissue. Upregulation of eight miRNAs occurs in most pancreatic cancer tissues and cell types. These miRNAs may share common pathways in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. This study may provide useful information for further investigations of functional roles of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer development, progression, diagnosis, and prognosis.
A case of relapsing Salmonella osteomyelitis in a thalassaemia trait patient
Authors: Rayan F. , Mukundan C. , Shukla D. D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe report a case of chronic relapsing osteomyelitis caused bySalmonellaStanley in a β-thalassaemia trait patient who is otherwise normal. The importance of obtaining definitive bacteriological diagnosis and timely intervention to treat bone infection effectively is emphasised here.
Tetrahydrobiopterin in intestinal lumen: Its absorption and secretion in the small intestine and the elimination in the large intestine
Authors: Sawabe K. , Saeki Y. , Ohashi A. , Mamada K. , Wakasugi K. O. , Matsuoka H. , Hasegawa H. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryIn treating hereditary deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), supplementation with BH4might be the ultimate choice of therapy. Oral administration of BH4has been believed to be inefficient owing to poor absorption of BH4in the intestine. In this study, we found a considerable amount of BH4as well as its oxidized pterins in the ingredients of intestinal lumen of mice when they were served food that did not contain significant amounts of biopterin. Ligation of the biliary duct led to significant decrease in luminal biopterin. Supplementation of BH4either by intraperitoneal administration of sepiapterin or of 6RBH4((6R)‐l‐erythro‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrobiopterin) increased the BH4content in the intestinal lumen with a slight delay after the rise of blood BH4. In these mice, biopterin appeared in the large intestine, caecum and colon, 2 h after the administration. The appearance of BH4in the large intestine was accompanied by a large amount of pterin (2‐amino‐4‐hydroxypteridine). The amounts of biopterin + pterin that appeared in the large intestine after intraperitoneal administration of BH4were not greater than those found after oral administration at the same dose. When the mice were treated with a large dose of antibiotics prior to the BH4administration, the amount of biopterin increased in the caecum but the amount of pterin decreased greatly. These results suggested that a large proportion of BH4administered moved to the large intestine, where most biopterin was decomposed presumably by enteric bacteria. Nonetheless, most of the orally administered biopterin was taken up by the small intestine and the amount of biopterin reaching the large intestine was almost the same as that which appeared after direct injection of 6RBH4into the peritoneal cavity.
EXTENSION OF CONTINUOUS MAPPINGS AND H1-RETRACTS
Authors: KARLOVA OLENA 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe prove that any continuous mapping f:E→Y on a completely metrizable subspace E of a perfect paracompact space X can be extended to a Lebesgue class one mapping g:X→Y (that is, for every open set V in Y the preimage g−1(V ) is an Fσ-set in X) with values in an arbitrary topological space Y.
Sorbitol-fermenting enterohaemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157:H−causes another outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in children
Authors: ALPERS K. , WERBER D. , FRANK C. , KOCH J. , FRIEDRICH A. W. , KARCH H. , AN DER HEIDEN M. , PRAGER R. , FRUTH A. , BIELASZEWSKA M. , MORLOCK G. , HEISSENHUBER A. , DIEDLER A. , GERBER A. , AMMON A. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYAn outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) among children caused by infection with sorbitol-fermenting enterohaemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157:H−(SF EHEC O157:H−) occurred in Germany in 2002. This pathogen has caused several outbreaks so far, yet its reservoir and routes of transmission remain unknown. SF EHEC O157:H−is easily missed as most laboratory protocols target the more common sorbitol non-fermenting strains. We performed active case-finding, extensive exploratory interviews and a case-control study. Clinical and environmental samples were screened for SF EHEC O157:H−and the isolates were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. We identified 38 case-patients in 11 federal states. Four case-patients died during the acute phase (case-fatality ratio 11%). The case-control study could not identify a single vehicle or source. Further studies are necessary to identify the pathogen's reservoir(s). Stool samples of patients with HUS should be tested with an adequate microbiological set-up to quickly identify SF EHEC O157:H−.
Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera)
Authors: Grazia Jocelia , Schuh Randall T. , Wheeler Ward C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships within the Pentatomoidea are investigated through the coding and analysis of character data derived from morphology and DNA sequences. In total, 135 terminal taxa were investigated, representing most of the major family groups; 84 ingroup taxa are coded for 57 characters in a morphological matrix. As many as 3500 bp of DNA data are adduced for each of 52 terminal taxa, including 44 ingroup taxa, comprising the 18S rRNA, 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and COI gene regions. Character data are analysed separately and in the form of a total evidence analysis. Major conclusions of the phylogenetic analysis include: the concept of Urostylididae is restricted to that of earlier authors; the Saileriolinae is raised to family rank and treated as the sister group of all Pentatomoidea exclusive of Urostylididae sensu stricto; a broadly conceived Cydnidae, as recognized by Dolling, 1981, is not supported; the placement of Thaumastellidae within the Pentatomoidea is affirmed and the taxon is recognized at family rank rather than as a subfamily of Cydnidae, although its exact phylogenetic position within the Pentatomoidea remains equivocal; the Parastrachiinae is treated as also including Dismegistus Amyot & Serville and placed within a broadly conceived Corimelaenidae, the latter group being treated at family rank; the family‐group taxa Dinidoridae and Tessaratomidae probably represent a monophyletic group, but the recognition of monophyletic subgroups will benefit from additional representation in the sequence data set; and the Lestoniidae is treated as the sister group of the Acanthosomatidae. The Acanthosomatidae and Scutelleridae are consistently recovered as monophyletic. The monophyly of the Pentatomidae appears unequivocal, inclusive of the Aphylinae and Cyrtocorinae, on the basis of morphology, the latter two taxa not being represented in the molecular data set.© The Willi Hennig Society 2008.
Shiga toxin-2 results in renal tubular injury but not thrombotic microangiopathy in heterozygous factor H-deficient mice
Authors: Paixão-Cavalcante D , Botto M , Cook H T , Pickering M C 
Published: November 2008

Summary
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and renal failure because of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). It may be caused by infection with Shiga toxin-producing enteropathic bacteria (Stx-associated HUS) or with genetic defects in complement alternative pathway (CAP) regulation (atypical HUS). We hypothesized that defective complement regulation could increase host susceptibility to Stx-associated HUS. Hence, we studied the response of mice with heterozygous deficiency of the major CAP regulator, factor H, to purified Stx-2. Stx-2 was administered together with lipopolysaccharide to wild-type and Cfh+/− C57BL/6 animals. Forty-eight hours after administration of the first Stx-2 injection all animals developed significant uraemia. Renal histology demonstrated significant tubular apoptosis in the cortical and medullary areas which did not differ between wild-type or Cfh+/− Stx-2-treated mice. Uraemia and renal tubular apoptosis did not develop in wild-type or Cfh+/− animals treated with lipopolysaccharide alone. No light microscopic evidence of TMA or abnormal glomerular C3 staining was demonstrable in the Stx-2 treated animals. In summary, Stx-2 administration did not result in TMA in either Cfh+/− or wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, haploinsufficiency of factor H did not alter the development of Stx-2-induced renal tubular injury.
The Petersen‐Middleton theorem and sampling of seismic data
Authors: Bardan Virgil 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThe Petersen‐Middleton sampling theorem can lead to weaker sampling requirements than the Shannon sampling theorem and therefore proposes advantageous economic alternatives for the acquisition and processing of seismic data. In this paper we present a tutorial review on the Petersen‐Middleton sampling theorem and a unified description of its applications to seismic survey: the interpolation of spatially aliased seismic data, the dealiasing of seismic common midpoint and common offset gathers, the recording and processing of seismic data on a hexagonal sampling grid. The important aspects of this sampling theorem are highlighted and illustrated by synthetic examples.
An algorithm for extracting the network geometry of three‐dimensional collagen gels
Authors: STEIN ANDREW M. , VADER DAVID A. , JAWERTH LOUISE M. , WEITZ DAVID A. , SANDER LEONARD M. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe geometric structure of a biopolymer network impacts its mechanical and biological properties. In this paper, we develop an algorithm for extracting the network architecture of three‐dimensional (3d) fluorescently labeled collagen gels, building on the initial work of Wu et al., (2003). Using artificially generated images, the network extraction algorithm is then validated for its ability to reconstruct the correct bulk properties of the network, including fiber length, persistence length, cross‐link density, and shear modulus.
Rapid microtubule bundling and stabilization by the Streptococcus pneumoniae neurotoxin pneumolysin in a cholesterol‐dependent, non‐lytic and Src‐kinase dependent manner inhibits intracellular trafficking
Authors: Iliev Asparouh I. , Djannatian Jasmin Roya , Opazo Felipe , Gerber Joachim , Nau Roland , Mitchell Timothy J. , Wouters Fred S. 
Published: November 2008

Summary Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis, leading to permanent neurological damage in 30% and lethal outcome in 25% of patients. The cholesterol‐dependent cytolysin pneumolysin is a major virulence factor of S. pneumoniae. It produces rapid cell lysis at higher concentrations or apoptosis at lower concentrations. Here, we show that sublytic amounts of pneumolysin produce rapid bundling and increased acetylation of microtubules (signs of excessive microtubule stabilization) in various types of cells – neuroblastoma cells, fibroblasts and primary astrocytes. The bundling started perinuclearly and extended peripherally towards the membrane. The effect was not connected to pneumolysin's capacity to mediate calcium influx, macropore formation, apoptosis, or RhoA and Rac1 activation. Cellular cholesterol depletion and neutralization of the toxin by pre‐incubation with cholesterol completely inhibited the microtubule phenotype. Pharmacological inhibition of Src‐family kinases diminished microtubule bundling, suggesting their involvement in the process. The relevance of microtubule stabilization to meningitis was confirmed in an experimental pneumococcal meningitis animal model, where increased acetylation was observed. Live imaging experiments demonstrated a decrease in organelle motility after toxin challenge in a manner comparable to the microtubule‐stabilizing agent taxol, thus proposing a possible pathogenic mechanism that might contribute to the CNS damage in pneumococcal meningitis.
Being an interviewer in a structured oral assessment process for selection of undergraduate nursing students: Motivations, expectations and reflections of the experience
Authors: Wilson Anne , Chur‐Hansen Anna , Donnelly Frank , Turnbull Deborah 
Published: November 2008

There is a dearth of knowledge about individuals who interview candidates for nursing. Who are they and why do they volunteer to take part in an oral assessment process for selection of undergraduate nursing students? The aim of this study was to answer these questions, and to seek the perspectives of the assessors about the process.Academic staff of the Faculty of Health Sciences, staff members of the Discipline of Nursing and registered nurses working in affiliated hospitals nominated for roles as oral assessors. All assessors received training and no payment was made.Thirty‐nine of 45 (86.6%) oral assessors completed questionnaires on their experiences of being an assessor. The majority of assessors were female (69.2%) and from a clinical background (71.8% vs. 28.2% faculty‐based). The most commonly cited motivations included a desire to contribute to the development of the nursing profession (94.9% of responding); because they knew what was involved in a nursing career (79.5%); wanting to influence who becomes a nurse (76.9%); and because they understood the qualities needed to be a registered nurse (76.9%). Assessors spoke highly of the experience and in general found it enjoyable.
Detectability of colorectal neoplastic lesions using a narrow‐band imaging system: A pilot study
Authors: Uraoka Toshio , Saito Yutaka , Matsuda Takahisa , Sano Yasushi , Ikehara Hisatomo , Mashimo Yumi , Kikuchi Tsuyoshi , Saito Daizo , Saito Hiroshi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Flat and depressed colorectal neoplastic lesions can be difficult to identify using conventional colonoscopy techniques. Narrow‐band imaging (NBI) provides unique views especially of mucosal vascular network and helps in visualization of neoplasia by improving contrast. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using NBI for colorectal neoplasia screening.Methods:  Forty‐seven consecutive patients, who underwent high definition colonoscopy (HDC) screening examinations revealing neoplastic lesions, were enrolled in our prospective study. No biopsies or resections were performed during the initial HDC, but patients in whom lesions were detected underwent further colonoscopies using NBI, with the results of the first examination blinded from the colonoscopist. They then received appropriate treatment. We compared diagnostic detection rates of neoplastic lesions for HDC and NBI procedures using total number of all identified neoplastic lesions as reference standard.Results:  Altogether, 153 lesions were detected and analyzed in 43 patients. Mean diagnostic extubation times were not significantly different (P = 0.18), but the total number of lesions detected by NBI was higher (134 vs 116; P = 0.02). Based on macroscopic type, flat lesions were identified more often by NBI (P = 0.04). As for lesion size, only flat lesions < 5 mm were detected more frequently (P = 0.046). Lesions in the right colon were identified more often by NBI (P = 0.02), but NBI missed two flat lesions ≥ 10 mm located there.Conclusions:  Narrow band imaging colonoscopy may represent a significant improvement in the detection of flat and diminutive lesions, but a future multi‐center controlled trial should be conducted to fully evaluate efficacy for screening colonoscopies.
Clinicopathological comparison of the World Health Organization/Wotherspoon score to the Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adult grade for the post‐treatment evaluation of gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors: Shiozawa Eisuke , Norose Tomoko , Kaneko Kazuhiro , Yamochi‐Onizuka Toshiko , Takimoto Masafumi , Imawari Michio , Ota Hidekazu 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The World Health Organization (WHO) has adopted criteria for the histological differential diagnosis of gastric extranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (GML) based on the criteria proposed by Wotherspoon in 1993 (WHO/Wotherspoon score). These histological criteria are commonly used by pathologists for initial diagnoses, but have not been adopted uniformly for the post‐treatment evaluation of GML. In 2003, the Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adult (GELA) proposed a new histological grading system (GELA grade) in preference to use of the WHO/Wotherspoon score for post‐treatment evaluation. In the present study, we compared the WHO/Wotherspoon and GELA systems to examine which histological criterion is better for post‐treatment evaluation.Methods:  Fourteen cases of GML under long‐term follow up were initially diagnosed according to the WHO criteria with detailed immunohistology, and were periodically evaluated with both histological criteria after anti‐Helicobacter pylori treatment. They were also evaluated based on histological stromal changes accompanying the disappearance of lymphoma tissue.Results:  The study showed strong similarities between the WHO/Wotherspoon and GELA systems and no clear advantage of either system for post‐treatment evaluation. The GELA grade could not be used for the evaluation of changes in the degree of lymphoma infiltration from pre‐ to post‐treatment because the four‐item scale is not comparable with the formal six‐point WHO/Wotherspoon scale. Stromal changes in the lamina propria, including an empty appearance and fibrosis, were correlated with lymphoma reduction after treatment and appear to be good indicators for post‐treatment evaluation.Conclusion:  We propose the utilization of the WHO/Wotherspoon score accompanied by the assessment of stromal changes for the post‐treatment evaluation of GML.
Impaired liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy using the Pringle maneuver: Protective effect of mesna
Authors: Ypsilantis Petros , Lambropoulou Maria , Tentes Ioannis , Anagnostopoulos Konstantinos , Tsigalou Christina , Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Kortsaris Alexandros , Simopoulos Constantinos 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground and Aim:  We investigated the role of the prophylactic administration of the antioxidant 2‐mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesna) on the hepatocyte‐regenerating capacity following partial hepatectomy (PH) with concurrent Pringle maneuver.Methods:  Wistar rats were subjected to PH (70% hepatectomy), 30 min Pringle maneuver, PH plus Pringle with or without mesna pretreatment (400 mg/kg, per os, 3 h before Pringle), or sham operation. At 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 1 week after operation, relative liver weight, hepatocyte mitotic activity (mitotic index), the histopathological score and serum aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase concentrations were assessed. At 1 h after operation, oxidative stress markers (glutathione to glutathione disulfide ratio, malondialdehyde concentration, and superoxide dismutase activity) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activity were assessed.Results:  Hepatectomy stimulated the regenerating process and induced mild oxidative stress and the activation of NF‐κB in hepatocytes, while causing tissue injury in the remnant liver. When PH was performed under Pringle maneuver, hepatocyte mitotic activity was substantially suppressed, although Pringle alone initiated a delayed regenerating response. Furthermore, Pringle maneuver deteriorated oxidative stress markers, markedly increased NF‐κB activity, and aggravated tissue injury, as compared to hepatectomy alone. Mesna pretreatment prevented the Pringle‐induced antimitotic effect and the induction of oxidative stress, inhibited the activation of NF‐κB, while attenuating liver injury after PH under Pringle.Conclusion:  The excessive activation of NF‐κB is related to the suppression of hepatocyte‐regenerating activity following PH with concurrent liver ischemia. Mesna pretreatment protects the liver against the Pringle‐induced antimitotic effect after PH via the prevention of oxidative stress and the inhibition of NF‐κB activation.
Immediate acid‐suppressing effects of ranitidine hydrochloride and rabeprazole sodium following initial administration and reintroduction: A randomized, cross‐over study using wireless pH monitoring capsules
Authors: Ono Shouko , Kato Mototsugu , Ono Yuji , Imai Aki , Yoshida Takeshi , Shimizu Yuichi , Asaka Masahiro 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground and Aim: Histamine 2 receptor antagonists and proton‐pump inhibitors, drugs that are widely used for the treatment of acid‐related diseases, have different clinical characteristics. The objective of this study was to compare the acid‐suppressing effects of ranitidine hydrochloride and those of rabeprazole sodium at the first administration and re‐administration after withdrawal.Methods: The study was designed as an open‐label, randomized, two‐way cross‐over trial. SevenHelicobacter pylori‐negative healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Ranitidine hydrochloride (300 mg/day) or rabeprazole sodium (20 mg/day) was administered from days 1 to 7 and from days 11 to 13. The percentage of time with gastric pH < 4 and the median gastric pH were evaluated for 15 consecutive days by a Bravo capsule fixed to the stomach.Results: On day 1, there was no significant difference between the acid‐suppressing effects of the two drugs (ranitidinevsrabeprazole: not significant). Although rabeprazole sodium maintained a potent and stable effect from days 2 to 7 (ranitidinevsrabeprazole:P < 0.05), the effect of ranitidine hydrochloride was attenuated after day 4. In addition, the effect of ranitidine hydrochloride at re‐administration was attenuated (days 11, 12, and 13vspre‐administration: not significant).Conclusion: In view of our observations, we expect symptoms associated with gastric acidity to be more adequately controlled with rabeprazole sodium in the short term when compared to ranitidine hydrochloride.