bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of In Vitro Resistance to Eleven Standard or New Antimalarial Drugs among
Plasmodium falciparum
Isolates from Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo
Authors: Pradines Bruno , Hovette Philippe , Fusai Thierry , Atanda Henri Léonard , Baret Eric , Cheval Philippe , Mosnier Joel , Callec Alain , Cren Julien , Amalvict Rémy , Gardair Jean Pierre , Rogier Christophe 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT

We determined the level of in vitro resistance of
Plasmodium falciparum
parasites to standard antimalarial drugs, such as chloroquine, quinine, amodiaquine, halofantrine, mefloquine, cycloguanil, and pyrimethamine, and to new compounds, such as dihydroartemisinin, doxycycline, atovaquone, and lumefantrine. The in vitro resistance to chloroquine reached 75.5%. Twenty-eight percent of the isolates were intermediate or had reduced susceptibility to quinine. Seventy-six percent and 96% of the tested isolates showed in vitro resistance or intermediate susceptibilities to cycloguanil and pyrimethamine, respectively. Only 2% of the parasites demonstrated in vitro resistance to monodesethylamodiaquine. No resistance was shown with halofantrine, lumefantrine, dihydroartemisinin, or atovaquone. Halofantrine, mefloquine, and lumefantrine demonstrated high correlation. No cross-resistance was identified between responses to monodesethyl-amodiaquine, dihydroartemisinin, atovaquone, and cycloguanil. Since the level of chloroquine resistance in vitro exceed an unacceptable upper limit, high rates of in vitro resistance to pyrimethamine and cycloguanil and diminution of the susceptibility to quinine, antimalarial drugs used in combination, such as amodiaquine, artemisinin derivatives, mefloquine, lumefantrine, or atovaquone, seem to be appropriate alternatives for the first line of treatment of acute, uncomplicated
P. falciparum
malaria.
Genetic Differentiation of Chinese Isolates of
Rickettsia sibirica
by Partial
ompA
Gene Sequencing and Multispacer Typing
Authors: Zhang LiJuan , Jin JianLing , Fu XiuPing , Raoult Didier , Fournier Pierre-Edouard 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT

Current data on rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases in China remain limited. Using partial
ompA
gene sequencing and multispacer typing, we identified 15 rickettsial isolates from China. All isolates were found to belong to
Rickettsia sibirica
subsp.
sibirica
. Four isolates from
Dermacentor sinicus
collected in Beijing, China, were fully identical to strain BJ-90, previously demonstrated to belong to
R. sibirica
subsp.
sibirica
despite antigenic and genotypic specificities. All 11 remaining isolates were similar to the
R. sibirica
subsp.
sibirica
type strain, 246. These were widely distributed in China in humans and different tick species. We emphasize the importance of surveying the distribution of
R. sibirica
in China.
Evaluation of the Quidel QuickVue Test for Detection of Influenza A and B Viruses in the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Setting by Use of Three Specimen Collection Methods
Authors: Agoritsas Konstantinos , Mack Kathy , Bonsu Bema K. , Goodman Debbie , Salamon Douglas , Marcon Mario J. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT
The Quidel QuickVue influenza test was compared to viral culture and reverse transcriptase PCR by the use of three different respiratory specimen types. Of 122 pediatric subjects enrolled, 59 had influenza virus infections: 44 were infected with influenza A virus and 15 were infected with influenza B virus. The sensitivity of the QuickVue test was 85% with nasopharyngeal swabs, 78% with nasal swabs, and 69% with nasopharyngeal washes. Specificities were equivalent (97% to 98%) for all three collection methods.
Environmental Implications of Resource Use:Environmental Input‐Output Analyses for Germany
Authors: Moll Stephan , Acosta José 
Published: July 2006

SummaryIn a German case study, environmental input‐output analyses (eIOA) combined with NAMEA‐type tables were conducted for eleven selected environmental pressure variables. (NAMEA is an acronym for national accounts matrix including environmental accounts.) The analyses were conducted to derive the production‐cycle‐wide resource use and environmental impact potentials of final‐demand product groups. The methodology permits identification and preliminary ranking of 10 product chains along which about two‐thirds of German production‐born environmental pressures arise. The most relevant product groups are construction work, food, motor vehicles, basic metals, and electricity. The ten product groups are characterized by both high resource requirements and high residual outputs (air emissions, wastes). The EU policy areas of integrated product policy and sustainable use of natural resources may address these product chains as a priority in order to identify and explore the possibility of reducing the environmental impacts from products throughout their life cycles and to decouple environmental impacts from resource use.
Interleukin-10 induces apoptosis in developing mast cells and macrophages
Authors: Bailey Daniel P , Kashyap Mohit , Bouton L Andrew , Murray Peter J , Ryan John J 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine capable of inhibiting the inflammatory response. As mast cells and macrophages are central effectors of inflammation, we investigated the effects of IL-10 on mast cell and macrophge development from mouse bone marrow progenitors. Bone marrow cells were cultured in IL-3 + stem cell factor (SCF), giving rise to mixed populations of mast cells and macrophages. The addition of IL-10 greatly decreased the expansion of bone marrow progenitor cells through a mechanism requiring signal tranducer and activator of transcription-3 expression. The inhibitory effects were a result of the induction of apoptosis, which occurred with caspase-3 activation and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Supporting a role for the mitochondrion, bone marrow cells from p53-deficient or Bcl-2 transgenic mice were partly resistant to the effects of IL-10. Further, IL-10 decreased Kit receptor expression and inhibited survival signaling by SCF or IL-3. These data indicate that IL-10 induces an intrinsic, mitochondrial apoptosis cascade in developing mast cells and macrophages through mechanisms involving blockade of growth factor receptor function. The ability of IL-10 to inhibit survival could support immune homeostasis by dampening inflammatory responses and preventing chronic inflammation.
Spherical Charge Analysis with Ab Initio Wave Functions: Modified Oxidation Number of Open Shell Molecule, CH2
Authors: Ueno Kaori , Nagashima Umpei , Takano Keiko , Hosoya Haruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Spherical charge analysis based on the difference of spherically averaged electron density (Δρ0(R)) was extended to various open shell states of CH2 using wave functions obtained from RHF, UHF, and full CI calculations. The Δρ0(R) values around C and H atoms were calculated with natural orbitals to interpret the oxidation state of component atoms for the lowest and second lowest 3B1 and 1A1 states. Modified oxidation numbers are assigned systematically to the component atoms in CH2 based on the extended Δρ0(R) analysis.
The effect of electron correlation on the Δρ0(R) values around the nucleus in this system was found to be so small that the modified oxidation numbers are not changed by fair introduction of electron correlation effect into the calculation. The difference of spin multiplicity and state symmetry on the Δρ0(R) curves is also discussed.
Preparation and Characterization of (Amino carboxamidato-N,N′)(chloro)(dimethyl sulfoxide-S)platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Komorita Takashi , Fuyuhiro Akira , Tanimoto Kazumi , Yamauchi Koji , Fujita Kazumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Several square-planar complexes of the [PtCl(aaa-N,N′)(dmso-S)] type were prepared (aaa = amino acid amidate, dmso = dimethyl sulfoxide). The crystal and molecular structures for cis(NH2,S)-[PtCl(Dl-alaa)(dmso)]·H2O (4) and trans(NH2,S)-[PtCl(Dl-vala)(dmso)] (3b) were determined by X-ray diffraction (alaa = alaninamidate, vala = valinamidate). The crystal of 4 was triclinic, space group with a = 9.144(2), b = 9.172(3), c = 7.371(2) Å, α = 109.41(2)°, β = 99.69(2)°, γ = 76.13(3)°, Z = 2, and final R = 0.029 and RW = 0.034. The crystal of 3b was monoclinic, space group P21 with a = 7.158(2), b = 9.948(2), c = 8.741(2) Å, β = 102.76(2)°, Z = 2, and final R = 0.041 and Rw = 0.050. Both complexes were found to contain a carboxamidato group coordinating to platinum(II) through the nitrogen atom. A larger trans influence was observed for the coordinating carboxamidato nitrogen atom than for the amino one. The prepared complexes were characterized by NMR, visible and UV, and CD spectra in comparison with the complexes of [PtCl(aa-N,O)(dmso-S)] type (aa = amino acidate).
Reactions of Amino Acid Decyl Esters with Nucleophiles Catalyzed by Polymer-Supported Amine–Metal Complexes
Authors: Ohtani Noritaka , Inoue Yukihiko , Inagaki Yuichi , Fukuda Kenji , Nishiyama Taisuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of alanine decyl ester (AlaODc) with nucleophiles were catalyzed by a crosslinked polystyrene-supported ethylenediamine–copper(II) ion complex (Cu en-PS) under toluene/resin two-phase conditions or toluene/aqueous buffer/resin three-phase conditions. In the two-phase reactions with octylamine, the rate was increased with a decreasing metal content of the resin. The catalytic efficiency was also dependent on other factors, that is, metal ion, ligand structure, and substrate structure. In the three-phase reactions with water, the hydrolysis was very fast when acetate ions were present in the aqueous phase. It has been suggested that the reactions proceed via a substrate-coordinated intermediate complex under both conditions.
Steric Effects of Substituents on the Photochromism of Indolylfulgides
Authors: Uchida Soichi , Yamada Shintaro , Yokoyama Yasushi , Kurita Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Photochromic fulgides with a bulky 1-alkyl-1-indolylmethylidene and/or a bulky alkylidene substituent were synthesized and their photochromic as well as absorption spectroscopic properties were compared with those of the known prototype indolylfulgide, 3-[1-(1,2-dimethyl-3-indolyl)ethylidene]-4-isopropylidenedihydro-2,5-furandione. An increase in steric bulkiness of the alkyl group (R1) on the indolylmethylidene group increased the coloring quantum yield (ΦEC = 0.046 (R1 = methyl) to 0.31 (R1 = isopropyl)), whereas an increase in the steric bulkiness of the other alkylidene group (R2) increased the bleaching quantum yield (ΦCE = 0.051 (R2 = isopropylidene) to 0.42 (R2 = 2-adamantylidene)). When both R1 and R2 were bulky, however, the coloring quantum yield was not large, although the bleaching quantum yield was still large. When the methyl group on the 2-position of the indole ring was substituted with an ethyl group, the absorption maximum of the colored form showed a 32-nm bathochromic shift.
Removal of Dilute Nitrogen Oxide by the Absorption in Mn–Zr Oxide
Authors: Eguchi Koichi , Watabe Mitsunori , Ogata Shigeki , Arai Hiromichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The removal of NO by absorption in manganese zirconium oxide (Mn–Zr oxide) was investigated in both the presence and absence of gaseous O2. The Mn–Zr oxide at Mn/Zr = 1 exhibited a high NO absorption rate and capacity at 200 °C. The absorption was promoted in the presence of O2. The absorption capacity was not strongly affected by the NO concentration (75—900 ppm) and W/F (0.125—1 g s cm−3). An infrared analysis of the absorbed species indicated that the absorption proceeds as the formation of nitrate in the bulk solid. The absorption and desorption were reversible, and the oxide solid was recovered upon heating a preabsorbed sample at 400 °C. Although the amorphous phase of the Mn–Zr oxide which is formed after heating at 450 °C is effective for NO absorption, due to good mixing of manganese oxide and zirconium oxide, heating at higher temperatures (≥550 °C), leading to a decrease in the surface area and crystallization of single oxides, resulted in a decrease in the absorption capacity. NO removal appears to proceed by the oxidation of NO on the Mn sites, and a subsequent absorption at the Zr sites as (NO3)− species.
Editorial: Errors in the Variables, Unobserved Heterogeneity, and Other Ways of Hiding Statistical Error
Authors: Shugan Steven M. 
Published: July 2006

One research function is proposing new scientific theories; another is testing the falsifiable predictions of those theories. Eventually, sufficient observations reveal valid predictions. For the impatient, behold statistical methods, which attribute inconsistent predictions to either faulty data (e.g., measurement error) or faulty theories. Testing theories, however, differs from estimating unknown parameters in known relationships. When testing theories, it is sufficiently dangerous to cure inconsistencies by adding observed explanatory variables (i.e., beyond the theory), let alone unobserved explanatory variables. Adding ad hoc explanatory variables mimics experimental controls when experiments are impractical. Assuming unobservable variables is different, partly because realizations of unobserved variables are unavailable for validating estimates. When different statistical assumptions about error produce dramatically different conclusions, we should doubt the theory, the data, or both. Theory tests should be insensitive to assumptions about error, particularly adjustments for error from unobserved variables. These adjustments can fallaciously inflate support for wrong theories, partly by implicitly under-weighting observations inconsistent with the theory. Inconsistent estimates often convey an important message—the data are inconsistent with the theory! Although adjustments for unobserved variables and ex post information are extraordinarily useful when estimating known relationships, when testing theories, requiring researchers to make these adjustments is inappropriate.
Complexity of hexagonal approximants in the RE
13Zn~58 system (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb and Dy)
Authors: Piao Shuying , Pay Gómez Cesar , Lidin Sven 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For the RE
13Zn58quasi crystal approximants (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy), single crystals were prepared from the elements and their structures were refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. They are derived from the Gd13Cd58type structure and crystallize in the space group P63/mmc or its subgroups. The crystal structures of Ce and Pr compounds are identical to that of the archetype, in the Nd compound a pair exchange disorder changes the composition and for Sm a further, partially occupied interstitial position lowers the symmetry to P63
mc. For the compounds with Gd, Tb and Dy, the occupancy may order, lowering the symmetry further. For the case of Tb13Zn59 high quality single crystals allowed us to refine the fully ordered orthorhombic super structure.
Mosaic-like tilings derivated from o-Co4Al13 and m-Co4Al13 crystal structures
Authors: Burkhardt Ulrich , Ellner Martin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Both well known crystal structures m-Co4Al13 and o-Co4Al13 are described in a simplified two-dimensional representation of regular pentagons and prolate rhombs. The dichromatic tilings differ in the periodic arrangements of prolate rhombs (brick-like and parquet-like, respectively) but show the same matching rules for the regular pentagons. The 2D scheme is used to show the variety in combination of these structural fragments that leads to related periodic as well as cyclical tilings. Starting from different initial nuclei, cyclical tilings with point group symmetry C5v or C10 are related to multiple twinned arrangements of the structure m-Co4Al13. Different decorations of these tilings are compared and characterised by their symmetry.
Ti2Rh6B – a new boride with a double perovskite-like structure containing octahedral Rh6 clusters
Authors: Fokwa Boniface P. T. , Eck Bernhard , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Single crystals of Ti2Rh6B were synthesized by arc-melting the elements in a water-cooled copper crucible under an argon atmosphere. The new silver-like compound with metallic luster crystallizes in space group Fm-3m (no. 225) with a = 7.8191(5) Å, V = 478.05(5) Å3, and Z = 4. The refinement converged to R
1 = 0.0169 and wR
2 = 0.0486 for all 96 unique reflections and 7 parameters. The structure can be described as a defect double perovskite, A2BB'O6, where the A site is occupied by titanium, the B site by boron, the O site by rhodium but the B' site is vacant leading to the formation of perfectly octahedral Rh6 clusters and BRh6 units. Rh—B, Rh—Ti, and Rh—Rh interactions are observed. According to density-functional (LMTO) electronic structure calculations, the strongest bonding occurs for the Rh—B contacts, and the Rh—Rh bonding within the clusters is more than two times stronger than in the BRh6 units.
Ag6GeS4X2 (X: Cl, Br): surprisingly no filled Laves phases but the first representatives of a new structure type
Authors: Wagener Michael , Deiseroth Hans-Jörg , Reiner Christof 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The two new deeply coloured, air stable, isotypic compounds Ag6GeS4X2 (X: Cl, Br) were obtained in the course of a series of experiments to prepare new “non-metallic filled Laves phases (= argyrodites)”. Although the chemical compositions of the new compounds are in accordance with the desired rare type of doubly halide (X) substituted argyrodites Ag6GeS4X2, their crystal structures are not of the argyrodite type. Instead they are the first members of the new family of “non-metallic filled NaHg2 phases”, i.e. the partial structure of the non-metal atoms S and X (Cl, Br) corresponds to the arrangement of Na and Hg atoms in NaHg2 (= X2S4) with Ge located in tetrahedral holes exclusively and Ag located in tetrahedral as well as octahedral holes. The lattice constants of the new phases are (both space group Pnma, Z = 4): Ag6GeS4Cl2 (a = 643.0(1) pm, b = 761.0(2) pm, c = 2266.0(5) pm), Ag6GeS4Br2 (a = 654.0(1) pm, b = 772.7(2) pm, c = 2289.9(5) pm). High temperature X-ray powder studies show an irreversible loss of halogen resulting in inhomogeneous decomposition products with argyrodite structure.
Low- and high-temperature structures of YbCuBi
Authors: Tkachuk Andriy V. , Mozharivskyj Yurij , Mar Arthur 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A variable temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study was undertaken on the intermetallic compound YbCuBi, which undergoes a phase transition at ∼375 K. At low temperatures (T = 193 K, a = 4.5821(3) Å, c = 7.8107(8) Å; T = 295 K, a = 4.5825(6) Å, c = 7.8597(10) Å), YbCuBi adopts the LiGaGe-type (ordered CaIn2-type) structure (Pearson symbol hP6, space group P63
mc, Z = 2). At high temperatures (T = 393 K, a = 4.5885(14) Å, c = 7.913(2) Å; T = 473 K, a = 4.594(4) Å, c = 7.928(6) Å), YbCuBi adopts the ZrBeSi-type (ordered Ni2In-type) structure (Pearson symbol hP6, space group P63/mmc, Z = 2). The structure consists of Yb atoms separating hexagonal ∞
2[CuBi] nets, which are buckled at low temperatures but planar at high temperatures.
Nitrogen Excretion and Ammonia Emissions from Pigs Fed Modified Diets
Authors: Panetta D. M. , Powers W. J. , Xin H. , Kerr B. J. , Stalder K. J. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTTwo swine feeding trials were conducted (initial body weight = 47 ± 2 and 41 ± 3 kg for Trials 1 and 2, respectively) to evaluate reduced crude protein (CP) and yucca (Yucca schidigeraRoezl ex Ortgies) extract–supplemented diets on NH3emissions. In Trial 1, nine pigs were offered a corn–soybean meal diet (C, 174 g kg−1CP), a Lys‐supplemented diet (L, 170 g kg−1CP), or a 145 g kg−1CP diet supplemented with Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp (LMTT). In Trial 2, nine pigs were fed diet L supplemented with 0, 62.5, or 125 mg of yucca extract per kg diet. Each feeding period consisted of a 4‐d dietary adjustment followed by 72 h of continuous NH3measurement. Urine and fecal samples were collected each period. Feeding the LMTT diet reduced (P< 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F) compared to diet L. Fecal N concentration decreased with a reduction in dietary CP, but urinary ammonium increased from pigs fed diet LMTT (2.0 g kg−1, wet basis) compared to those fed diet C (1.1 g kg−1) or L (1.0 g kg−1). When pigs were fed reduced CP diets NH3emission rates decreased (2.46, 2.16, and 1.05 mg min−1for diets C, L, and LMTT). Yucca had no effect on feed intake, ADG, or G:F. Ammonium and N concentrations of manure and NH3emission rates did not differ with yucca content. Caution must be executed to maintain animal performance when strategies are implemented to reduce NH3emissions.
Iron and Arsenic Release from Aquifer Solids in Response to Biostimulation
Authors: McLean J. E. , Dupont R. R. , Sorensen D. L. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTBiostimulation has been used at various contaminated sites to promote the reductive dechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE), but the addition of carbon and energy donor also stimulates bacteria that use Fe(III) as the terminal electron acceptor (TEA) in potential competition with dechlorination processes. Microcosm studies were conducted to determine the influence of various carbon donors on the extent of reductive dissolution of aquifer solids containing Fe(III) and arsenic. Glucose, a fermentable and respirable carbon donor, led to the production of 1500 mg Fe(II) kg−1, or 24% of the total Fe in the aquifer sediment being reduced to Fe(II), whereas the same concentration of carbon as acetate resulted in only 300 mg Fe(II) kg−1 being produced. The biogenic Fe(II) produced with acetate was exclusively associated with the solid phase whereas with fermentable carbon donors as whey and glucose, 22 and 54% of the Fe(II) was in solution. With fermentation, some of the metabolites appear to be electron shuttling chemicals and chelating agents that facilitate the reductive dissolution of even crystalline Fe(III) oxides. Without the presence of electron shuttling chemicals, only surficial Fe in direct contact with the bacteria was bioavailable, as illustrated when acetate was used. Regardless of carbon donor type and concentration, As concentrations in the water exceeded drinking water standards. The As dissolution appears to have been the result of the direct use of As as an electron acceptor by dissimilatory arsenic reducing bacteria. Our findings indicate that selection of the carbon and energy donor for biostimulation for remediation of chlorinated solvent impacted aquifers may greatly influence the extent of the reductive dissolution of iron minerals in direct competition with dechlorination processes. Biostimulation may also result in a significant release of As to the solution phase, contributing to further contamination of the aquifer.