bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGU on the move
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

2000 Florida Avenue has undergone its metamorphosis: The AGU headquarters building is once again a hub of activity and on its way to becoming the center of geophysical science in Washington.Indeed, less than 2 years after vacating its old premises, AGU has returned home to find things are happening in the neighborhood. A new 75‐foot‐high, brick‐and stone‐faced building, which maximizes use of the AGU lot, has emerged on the scene to help take AGU into the next millennium.
Monitoring a Test Ban Treaty presents scientific challenges
Authors: Stump Brian W. , Rivière‐Barbier Florence , Chernoby Igor , Koch Karl 
Published: October 2006

The Clinton administration has expressed an interest in a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), but few people realize that such a treaty may require detecting, locating, and identifying seismic events as small as mD = 2.5 [Wallace et al., 1992]. The lowest magntiude level to which monitoring must be accomplished depends on quantification of evasion scenarios such as decoupling [Murphy et al., 1991].To monitor a CTBT, small events—including those resulting from human activities such as construction and mining—must be discriminated from nuclear explosions. The number of man‐made events greater than 50 tons in the United States is 10,000 per day [Richards et al., 1992] with one shot over 200 tons.
Clean Car Initiative tackles Geo issues
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Clinton administration's “Clean Car Initiative” is beginning to spin the wheels of the congressional boulevard. While many roadblocks loom ahead, the proposed government‐industry partnership offers a new political solution to the nation's energy and environmental questions.Unlike other drives to reduce U.S. petroleum dependence, overall energy use, greenhouse emissions, and urban ozone levels, the “supercar” push may be the first to offer a genuine economic incentive to move to alternative fuels despite that gasoline prices are now at an all‐time low.
Exploring Arctic history through scientific drilling
Authors:   ODP Leg 151 Shipboard Scientific Party
Published: October 2006

During the brief Arctic summer of 1993, the Ocean Drilling Program's research vessel JOIDES Resolution recovered the first scientific drill cores from the eastern Arctic Ocean. Dodging rafts of pack ice shed from the Arctic ice cap, the science party sampled sediments north of 80°N latitude from the Yermak Plateau, as well as from sites in Fram Strait, the northeastern Greenland margin, and the Iceland Plateau (Figure 1).The sediments collected reveal the earliest history of the connection between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans through the Nordic Seas. The region between Greenland and Norway first formed a series of isolated basins, sometimes with restricted deep circulation, that eventually joined and allowed deep and surface Arctic Ocean water to invade the region. A record was also retrieved that shows major glaciation in the region began about 2.5 m.y.a.
Increasing U.S. streamflow linked to greenhouse forcing
Authors: Lins Harry F. , Michaels Patrick J. 
Published: October 2006

Although considerable effort has gone into assessing and projecting climatic change, continental‐scale analyses of trends in only one component of the hydrologic cycle—precipitation—have been described. With few exceptions [see Zektser and Loaiciga, 1993], assessments of temporal variations in runoff, evaporation, and soil water storage have been neglected, to some degree because of a lack of adequate observational data.On a regional basis, have there been any changes in seasonal patterns of streamflow in the United States? If so, are these changes consistent with documented variations in other hydroclimatic variables? To answer these questions, we examined a set of climate‐sensitive streamflow data recently collected by the U.S. Geological Survey. This data set covers the years 1941–1988 and presents data from 559 gaging stations across the conterminous United States.
Earth Science Computing Conference scheduled
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The frontiers of Earth science computing continue to evolve—as does the importance of Earth science in addressing critical national scientific and technological issues, which in part are embodied in the emerging federal High‐Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) and National Information Infrastructure (NII) initiatives.The Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) have organized a workshop at the Mesa Lab of the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., July 20–22 to plan ambitious and forward‐looking science and facility programs that will take advantage of these very HPCC and NII enterprises.
New e‐mail link established
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

AGU Space Physics and Aeronomy Section officers are attempting to foster better communication within the section through an e‐mail newsletter.A test message was sent to SPA member addresses from the most recent AGU directory in May. If you did not receive the message and are interested in having your address added to the list, send a message to Guan Le at the UCLA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (guan@igpp.ucla.edu or brunet::guan). Guan will serve as editor, in coordination with the SPA section officers for the next 2 years.
Bolivian earthquake ranks as largest deep quake on record
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Early on June 9, an exceptionally large earthquake occurred 630 km beneath a remote area in the Amazon rain forest of northern Bolivia. (USGS National Earthquake Information Center (NEIQ Quick Epicenter Determination at 13.86°S and longitude 67.54°W).Minutes later, strong ground motion was felt over much of central South America. Fortunately, no loss of life was reported in initial local news accounts, and damage was relatively minor considering that it was the largest deep event in the seismological record for which accurate estimates are available.
National institute for the environment receives kudos on Capitol Hill
Authors: Wakefield J. 
Published: October 2006

Changes may be afoot for the U.S. environmental research enterprise. A bipartisan bill, via introduction by Sen. Tom Daschle (D‐SD), is now in the Senate hopper to create a new government agency to be called the National Institute for the Environment (NIE).NIE would integrate knowledge assessment, research funding, public information services, and support for education and training across the various federal agencies to improve the scientific basis for environmental policy decisions.
Citation for William J. Best: 1992 AGU Flinn Award
Authors: Minst Jean‐Bernard 
Published: October 2006

I am deeply honored to introduce Colonel William Jennings Best as this year's recipient of the Union's Edward A. Flinn III Award. This award was established to recognize individuals who best personify the Union's motto of “unselfish cooperation in research” through their facilitating, coordinating, and implementing activities.In the minds of all seismologists and others who have been associated with him over the years, Bill Best indeed personifies these ideals. The AGU received a truly impressive show of support for Bill's nomination. Over 50 geophysicists wrote eloquently to back Bill's nomination: some of these letters were from colleagues and friends who have known him for several decades, others were from much younger seismologists who still feel his influence on the field, even though they had no opportunity to interact with him directly; some came from government scientists, others from university professors, and still others from researchers in the private sector. This remarkable unanimity bears testimony to the respect and affection Bill has earned within the seismological community.
Over‐the‐horizon radar research consortium formed
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

One casualty of shrinking military budgets and the disappearance of Cold War threats has been the U.S. Air Force's over‐the‐horizon or ionospheric radar system known as OTH‐B. For the scientific community this is not all bad news: The vast potential of the six powerful 5–28‐MHz radars for geophysical monitoring may soon be available to anyone who can afford to run and maintain them.To reap civilian benefits from the billiondollar investment in these radars, the 1994 defense appropriation directed the Air Force to “fully cooperate with efforts of other governmental agencies to utilize the dual‐use capabilities of this system for remote environmental and weather monitoring and other purposes.” So far, only the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has tapped the radars' environmental monitoring potential. Since 1991, it has conducted tests to map surface wind direction over basin‐scale ocean areas and track ocean storms, including Hurricane Andrew. Recent tests show the radar can be used to map ocean surface currents as well.
Academe defends its role in Test Ban Treaty monitoring
Authors: Wakefield J. 
Published: October 2006

Recent jockeying for control of congressional seismic research funds has left the U.S. scientific research community uneasy about future cooperation with the federal government in the development of comprehensive nuclear test ban monitoring systems.Even though the language in a Defense authorization bill for fiscal year 1995, which cleared the Senate June 30, will likely be toned down in the House and Senate conference, the “aggressive” maneuvering that ensued to tentatively dispose the bulk of power over the interagency seismic network to the Defense Department, critics say, raises new questions about how science policy decisions are made in the United States and how committed the Congress and some federal agencies are to “reinventing” government under the Clinton‐Gore plan. And for now, a hefty chunk of funding for academic seismic research is no longer a sure thing.
Deep Seismic Imaging Workshop probes future of the science
Authors: Holbrook W. S. , Klemperer S. L. 
Published: October 2006

In October 1993, the Geophysics Division of the Geological Society of America sponsored a symposium and theme session in Boston titled “Deep Seismic Imaging Across Continental Margins: From the Ocean‐Continent Boundary to the Beach and Beyond.” Talks and posters presented results of recent seismic experiments over convergent, divergent, and transform margins from Greenland to Patagonia to an audience of 150. Perhaps most important for the deep seismic community was the chance to present recent results to the broader geologic community and to continue to build a wide consensus on the importance of crustal‐scale seismic imaging for a variety of multidisciplinary objectives.Invited presentations illustrated the type of structural and velocity images available from modern deep‐crustal imaging. It was clear that the integration of multiple seismic techniques is needed to understand the architecture of continental margins. Examples include the use of velocities obtained from wide‐angle data to migrate correctly dipping suture‐zone reflections on the Mid‐Atlantic East Coast EDGE survey (S. Holbrook, R. Sheridan, L. Glover); and the combination of shallow high‐resolution reflection, deep‐crustal reflection, and wide‐angle reflection surveys to trace near‐vertical strike‐slip faults through the crust in the San Francisco Bay BASIX surveys (J. McCarthy, T. Brocher, J. Hole, P. Hart).
ATLAS Space Shuttle studies Earth's atmosphere and solar input
Authors: Miller Timothy L. , Smith Steven A. , Kaye Jack A. 
Published: October 2006

A shuttle‐based component of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth, the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS), completed its second mission making detailed measurements of Earth's middle atmosphere and solar input in April 1993. ATLAS‐1 was successfully conducted in spring 1992. In addition to the standard payload, this mission carried instruments that studied the upper atmosphere, magnetosphere, space plasma physics, and ultraviolet astronomy.The ATLAS‐1 mission obtained a large database on the middle and upper atmosphere, and access to much of the data is available through the investigator teams. The mission procured the first space‐based measurements of OH in the atmosphere; compared middle atmosphere trace species between 1985 and 1992; and tested critical ionization velocity theory.
Seismic reflection profiling to expand knowledge of U.K. shelf
Authors: England Richard 
Published: October 2006

In 1993, two experiments in waters outside the United Kingdom used seismic reflection profiling to investigate the U.K.'s deep structure and adjacent areas of continental shelf.The experiments were conducted by the British Institutions Reflection Profiling Syndicate (BIRPS), which was established in 1981. These experiments, covering portions of Denmark, Germany, and Ireland, reflect BIRPS' recently broadened mission—to conduct experiments over oceanic crust and overseas that contribute to an understanding of U.K. geology and problems related to deep crustal reflectivity.
Kunzig receives Sullivan Award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

AGU's 1994 Walter Sullivan Award for Excellence in Science Journalism, which recognizes reporting that makes geophysical material accessible and interesting to the general public, was awarded to Robert Kunzig for his article, “Between Home and the Abyss,” published in the December 1993 issue of Discover. The cash award and a plaque were presented to Kunzig by Ocean Sciences Section President Curt Collins during the Honors Banquet at AGU's Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md.Kunzig's article was a first‐person account of the perils of an ocean dive aboard the deep‐sea submersible Alvin. While gathering background information for a popular account of modem oceanography, Kunzig participated in a cruise in August 1992 aboard the research vessel Atlantis II, operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Memorial Scholarship Fund established
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Chester Jelesnianski, an internationally recognized expert in the field of hurricane storm surge modeling and prediction, died January 20. In keeping with his and and his family's wishes, “The Dr. Chester Peter Jelesnianski Memorial Scholarship Fund” is being established to further his work.Jelesnianski's dedication to his work was so great that even during his final days in the hospital he was still working at his PC on storm surge research.
Solar wind mechanism suggested for weather and climate change
Authors: Tinsley Brian A. 
Published: October 2006

It was suggested by Sir William Herschel about 200 years ago that changes in the growing season for wheat in England could be related to the 11‐year sunspot cycle. He speculated that there was a change in the luminosity of the Sun that was correlated with the sunspot variation, and that it affected precipitation and the winds. As discussed recently in Eos by Lean and Rind [1994], the luminosity of the Sun does vary on the 11‐year cycle, but only by about one part in 103, which is too small to explain such a change in the weather.Lean and Rind argue that on the 200‐year (Maunder) timescale a larger change, by up to 2.5 parts in 103, is plausible. This would then provide for about a 0.46°C change in global mean temperature, and could account for as much as half of the cooling usually associated with the coldest part of the little ice age.
Imaging crustal uplift, emersion, and subsidence at the Vema Fracture Zone
Authors: Bonatti E. , Ligi M. , Gasperini L. , Carrara G. , Vera E. 
Published: October 2006

Vertical movements of lithospheric slivers due to slow‐slip, long‐offset transform tectonics may cause major topographic anomalies such as the rough topography of the equatorial Atlantic, where a number of long offset transforms are clustered. These vertical motions even may have caused the intermittent emersion and sinking of islands throughout the evolution of the equatorial Atlantic.We studied a transform‐related topographic anomaly observed at the Vema Fracture Zone in the Atlantic at 11°N in the form of a transverse ridge (Figure 1). We used multichannel seismic reflection surveys to image the morphology, thickness, and internal structure of the carbonate platform capping the crest of the transverse ridge. We found that the Vema transverse ridge is actually an uplifted sliver of oceanic crust and—about 3 m.y.a.—its summit was above sea level.
Project to build a new world launched
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

What does it take to build a new world? More than 1 million North American students and teachers, 1600 plastic triangular panels, 2430 aluminum struts, several troops of the Girl Scouts, 4‐H programs, the National Science Foundation, scientists, engineers, and about $3 million from private sources, among others.Unfortunately, it's not really possible to build a new Earth and to solve global climate change issues. However, the collaborative “Building a New World” project, introduced last week, is an attempt to create the largest, most accurate high‐resolution model of the Earth ever built and to educate students about changing global phenomena with an experimental, hands‐on curriculum.
Experiment probes elevated ozone levels over the tropical south Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Fishman Jack 
Published: October 2006

Until late 1992, the atmosphere off the west coast of southern Africa was one of the least studied regions of the planet. From a meteorological point of view, the area is devoid of any interesting weather features, including tropical storm formation and monsoonal circulations. It is dominated by a vast center of subtropical high pressure that inhibits the formation of any convective activity.However, from an atmospheric chemistry point of view, an interesting feature was discovered in 1990 when satellite data revealed a region of enhanced tropospheric ozone off southern Africa's west coast that was at least as large as the smog plumes emanating from North America, Europe, and Asia [Fishman et al., 1990; Figure 1]. While the Northern Hemisphere high tropospheric ozone concentrations were most pronounced in the summer, the feature in the southern subtropics was highest during austral spring.
Joint Arctic Expedition under way to study climate change
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

When it comes to keeping cool this summer, some geophysicists are beating the odds. About 70 U.S. and Canadian scientists are exploring the Arctic Ocean to better understand the role that it plays in global climate change.While the Arctic affects the global climate in myriad ways, it ranks as the world's least studied ocean. Few data are available for an area of the Arctic that is comparable in size to the continental United States. To attempt to fill this data gap, the 55‐day expedition, officially known as the U.S./Canada 1994 Arctic Ocean Section, set sail in late July, after 4 years of planning by the U.S. National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, and U.S. Geological Survey, and the Canadian departments of Fisheries and Oceans, Indian and Northern Affairs, and Environment Canada.
Creationism and science: An impossible union?
Authors: Mims Forrest M. 
Published: October 2006

Eos reported on June 28, 1994, that the AGU Council has reaffirmed for the second time a statement on “Creationism” first adopted in December 1981. The brief statement opposes “…all efforts to require or promote the teaching of creationism or any other religious tenets as science.” The statement offers no definition of creationism.The AGU Council's rejection of “creationism” and “religious tenets as science” may be fashionable by today's standards but the rejection of any role for God in science is a comparatively recent development. Many great scientists of the past believed in and even wrote about their faith in a creator God. I know many scientists today who believe in God. Several years ago I lost an assignment to write a column for Scientific American after the editor learned that I am an evangelical Christian who rejects abortion and much of Darwinism. After my dismissal received widespread publicity in the national media, I received calls and letters of support from scientists in many fields, including medicine, biology, and paleontology, who believe as I do.
GRL Editor Geller pushes clarity and foreign review
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

In his 3‐year term as an editor of Geophysical Research Letters, which he began earlier this year, Robert J. Geller of Tokyo University is working with authors to ensure that AGU's interdisciplinary rapid‐publication journal both meets high professional standards and serves its readers.Geller, a seismologist, has been a faculty member at Tokyo University since 1984. He received his undergraduate and graduate degrees at Caltech in 1973 and 1977, respectively.
Old and new ideas visited for comet and asteroid hazard mitigation strategies
Authors: Wakefield J. 
Published: October 2006

Early findings from the observations of Comet Shoemaker‐Levy's collision with Jupiter may mean scientists will need to rethink leading comet and asteroid hazard mitigation strategies. And it looks like they will have the opportunity to do so now that Congress has directed NASA, with the help of the Defense Department, to reinitiate work in this area.Although Congress had commissioned other studies before Shoemaker‐Levy was even discovered, such as the 1992 Spaceguard Survey, mitigation strategies never made it through the funding process.
Conference explores mechanical involvement of fluids in faulting
Authors: Hickman Stephen , Sibson Richard , Bruhn Ronald 
Published: October 2006

A growing body of evidence suggests that fluids are intimately linked to a variety of faulting processes. These include the long‐term structural and compositional evolution of fault zones; fault creep; and the nucleation, propagation, arrest, and recurrence of earthquake ruptures. Besides the widely recognized physical role of fluid pressures in controlling the strength of crustal fault zones, it is also apparent that fluids can exert mechanical influence through a variety of chemical effects.To address these issues, a “Red‐Book” Conference on the Mechanical Effects of Fluids in Faulting was sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program at Fish Camp, Calif., from June 6–10, 1993. The coconvenors were Steve Hickman, Rick Sibson, and Ron Bruhn.
New updates made to paleomagnetic databases
Authors: McElhinny Michael W. , Lock Jo 
Published: October 2006

Version 2.3 of the Global Paleomagnetic Database at March 1994 is now available either as ORACLE Export files or for use with Microsoft ACCESS Version 1.1 (or 2.0) under Windows. The Database for Poles (GPMDB) contains an expanded data set for China and has been completely cross‐checked against the Canadian database for the Laurentian Shield. Several duplicate entries were eliminated (where authors have published the same data in two different journals), and many corrections were made to previous entries.However, Version 2.3 now incorporates the Global Paleointensity Database (PALINT) compiled by H. Tanaka and M. Kono. This database includes all published pre‐archeomagnetic paleointensity results for geological time. The following data sets are now available from World Data Center A in Boulder, Colo. Contact Susan McLean, World Data Center A, National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, 325 Broadway E/GC1, Boulder CO 80303‐3328; tel. 303497‐6478; fax 303‐497‐6513.