bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of the Human Activity Profile for estimating fitness in persons with arthritis
Authors: Bilek Laura D. , Venema Dawn M. , Willett Gilbert M. , Lyden Elizabeth R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the usefulness of the Human Activity Profile (HAP) in predicting estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in persons with arthritis and to evaluate the ability of 2 classification systems to distinguish individuals with arthritis who have poor fitness from those with average and above fitness.MethodsForty‐four subjects with arthritis completed the HAP and a submaximal treadmill test. The adjusted activity score (AAS) was derived from responses on the HAP. VO2max was estimated from the submaximal treadmill test. The ability of the AAS and age to predict estimated VO2max was determined with multiple regression analysis. Subjects were also assigned to a fitness category based on their AAS and estimated VO2max, and agreement of these categories was assessed using the kappa statistic. Two classification systems were used, including one proposed by the original authors and one we proposed based on more recent normative data.ResultsSixty‐six percent of the variance in estimated VO2max could be accounted for by the AAS and age. The kappa statistic for our proposed classification system was 0.35, indicating fair agreement, whereas the kappa statistic for the original classification system was incalculable. The sensitivity of the proposed classification system to identify persons with average and above fitness was 84%, with a specificity of 50%.ConclusionWe suggest that the HAP is useful in estimating fitness level when standard exercise testing is not feasible.
Aortic involvement in recent‐onset giant cell (temporal) arteritis: A case–control prospective study using helical aortic computed tomodensitometric scan
Authors: Agard Christian , Barrier Jacques‐H. , Dupas Benoît , Ponge Thierry , Mahr Alfred , Fradet Gérard , Chevalet Pascal , Masseau Agathe , Batard Eric , Pottier Pierre , Planchon Bernard , Brisseau Jean‐Marie , Hamidou Mohamed‐A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of the involvement of large vessels in giant cell arteritis (GCA) is 3–13%. Aortitis is the most serious complication of GCA. Computed tomodensitometric (CT) scan allows analysis of both the aortic wall and endoluminal part of the aorta. Therefore, we conducted a study using CT scan to analyze aortic abnormalities in patients with recent‐onset GCA.MethodsThis prospective controlled study compared patients with biopsy‐proven GCA with a matched control group based on sex, age, and cardiovascular risk factors. During the 4‐week period following diagnosis of GCA, patients underwent an aortic CT scan. The aortic imaging results were blindly compared between both groups.ResultsFrom January 5, 1998 to January 11, 1999, 22 patients and 22 controls were screened by CT scan for aortic involvement. Thickening of the aortic wall was more frequent among patients than controls (45.4% versus 13.6%; P = 0.02). Aortic thickening (mean 3.3 mm) was located on the ascending part of the thoracic aorta in 22.7% of the patients, with no evidence of thickening in the controls (P = 0.05). Thickening of the abdominal aortic wall was noted in 27.3% of the patients and none of the controls (P = 0.02).ConclusionThis study suggests that inflammatory aortic thickening, detected by CT scan, occurs frequently at the time of diagnosis of GCA, and that this condition predominantly occurs on the ascending part of the aorta.
Generalized Log‐Rank Tests for Partly Interval‐Censored Failure Time Data
Authors: Zhao Xingqiu , Zhao Qiang , Sun Jainguo , Kim Jong S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we consider incomplete survival data: partly interval‐censored failure time data where observed data include both exact and interval‐censored observations on the survival time of interest. We present a class of generalized log‐rank tests for this type of survival data and establish their asymptotic properties. The method is evaluated using simulation studies and illustrated by a set of real data from a diabetes study. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Relative Survival Model for Clustered Responses
Authors: Kuss Oliver , Blankenburg Thomas , Haerting Johannes 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRelative Survival is the ratio of the overall survival of a group of patients to the expected survival for a demographically similar group. It is commonly used in disease registries to estimate the effect of a particular disease when the true cause of death is not reliably known. Regression models for relative survival have been described and we extend these models to allow for clustered responses by embedding them into the class of Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). The method is motivated and demonstrated by a data set from the HALLUCA study, an epidemiological study which investigated provision of medical care to lung cancer patients in the region of Halle in the eastern part of Germany. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Understanding the Reactivity and Basicity of Zeolites: A Periodic DFT Study of the Disproportionation of N2O4 on Alkali‐Cation‐Exchanged Zeolite Y
Authors: Mignon Pierre , Pidko Evgeny A. , Van Santen Rutger A. , Geerlings Paul , Schoonheydt Robert A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe disproportionation of N2O4 into NO3− and NO+ on Y zeolites has been studied through periodic DFT calculations to unravel 1) the role of metal cations and the framework oxygen atoms and 2) the relationship between the NO+ stretching frequency and the basicity of zeolites. We have considered three situations: adsorption on site II cations with and without a cation at site III and adsorption on a site III cation. We observed that cations at sites II and III cooperate to stabilize N2O4 and that the presence of a cation at site III is necessary to allow the disproportionation reaction. The strength of the stabilization is due to the number of stabilizing interactions increasing with the size of the cation and to the Lewis acidity of the alkali cations, which increases as the size of the cations decreases. In the product, NO3− interacts mainly with the cations and NO+ with the basic oxygen atoms of the tetrahedral aluminium through its nitrogen atom. As the cation size increases, the NO3−⋅⋅⋅cation interaction increases. As a result, the negative charge of the framework is less well screened by the larger cations and the interaction between NO+ and the basic oxygen atoms becomes stronger. NO+ appears to be a good probe of zeolite basicity, in agreement with experimental observations.
On the Mechanism of the Thermal Retrocycloaddition of Pyrrolidinofullerenes (Retro‐Prato Reaction)
Authors: Filippone Salvatore , Barroso Marta Izquierdo , Martín‐Domenech Ángel , Osuna Sílvia , Solà Miquel , Martín Nazario 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn contrast to N‐methyl or N‐unsubstituted pyrrolidinofullerenes, which efficiently undergo the retrocycloaddition reaction to quantitatively afford pristine fullerene, N‐benzoyl derivatives do not give this reaction under the same experimental conditions. To unravel the mechanism of the retrocycloaddition process, trapping experiments of the in‐situ thermally generated azomethine ylides, with an efficient dipolarophile were conducted. These experiments afforded the respective cycloadducts as an endo/exo isomeric mixture. Theoretical calculations carried out at the DFT level and by using the two‐layered ONIOM (our own n‐layered integrated molecular orbital and molecular mechanics) approach underpin the experimental findings and predict that the presence of the dienophile is not a basic requirement for the azomethine ylide to be able to leave the fullerene surface under thermal conditions. Once the 1,3‐dipole is generated in the reaction medium, it is efficiently trapped by the dipolarophile (maleic anhydride or N‐phenylmaleimide). However, for N‐unsubstituted pyrrolidinofullerenes, the participation of the dipolarophile in assisting the 1,3‐dipole to leave the fullerene surface throughout the whole reaction pathway is also a plausible mechanism that cannot be ruled out.
Evidence‐based pathology and the pathologic evaluation of thymomas
Authors: Marchevsky Alberto M. , Gupta Ruta , McKenna Robert J. , Wick Mark , Moran Cesar , Zakowski Maureen F. , Suster Saul 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The clinical validity and applicability of the World Health Organization (WHO) histopathologic classification of thymomas (‘classification’) has been questioned. Evidence‐based pathology promotes the use of systematic reviews and analysis of data with meta‐analysis rather than subjective reviews of the literature.METHODS.The authors performed a review of the English literature from 1999 to the present to identify ‘best evidence’ regarding the use of the ‘classification.’ The data were analyzed with meta‐analysis software.RESULTS.To the authors' knowledge, only Level‐3 or ‐4 evidence published in retrospective cases series is currently available regarding the use of the ‘classification.’ Meta‐analysis demonstrated that only 3 WHO categories of thymomas are associated with significant survival differences: A/AB/B1, B2, and B3. It also indicated significant heterogeneity with regard to the results published in different studies. To the authors' knowledge there is no current evidence to determine whether thymoma types are significant prognostic features for patients previously stratified by stage.CONCLUSIONS.There is a lack of randomized clinical trials evaluating the prognosis of patients with thymomas and the effects of various treatment modalities. The WHO classification of thymomas needs revision and could most likely be simplified into fewer classes with significant prognostic value. Future studies are needed to evaluate the prognostic and/or predictive value for thymoma patients previously stratified by stage. The latter information is important to help select those patients who may benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy or postoperative radiotherapy and other modalities. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Cervical cancer in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Leitao Mario M. , White Paul , Cracchiolo Bernadette 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The objective of this study was to compare the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load (VL) and CD4 counts in patients infected with HIV with and without cervical cancer. The authors hypothesized that HIV‐positive women with cervical cancer would have a greater risk of immune suppression.METHODS.A case–control study was conducted that included all HIV‐positive patients who were seen at the authors' institution from January 1, 1995 to April 20, 2006 with invasive cervical cancer (cases) and without invasive cervical cancer (controls). Patients were included only if they had a CD4 count recorded <6 months before or <3 months after their diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer (cases) or at their last gynecologic examination (controls). Controls were matched to cases on a 4:1 ratio according to current smoking history. Patients were considered immunocompetent if they had both a CD4 count >200 cells/μL and a VL <10,000 copies/mL.RESULTS.In total, 15 cases and 60 controls were identified. The median CD4 count for cases was 208 cells/μL (range, 18‐1102 cells/μL) compared with 445 cells/μL (range, 20‐1201 cells/μL) for controls (P = .03). The median VL was 16,918 copies/mL (range, 50‐214,915 copies/mL) for cases compared with 1430 copies/mL (range, 50‐571,000 copies/mL) for controls (P = .15). Only 1 of 14 cases (7%) was immunocompetent compared with 35 of 55 controls (64%; odds ratio, 0.04; 95% confidence interval, 0‐0.37; P < .001). This significance was maintained after adjusting for other factors (P = .002).CONCLUSIONS.Women with HIV who were diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer appeared to have a much greater degree of immunosuppression than women with HIV without invasive cervical cancer. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Deamination of the Radical Cation of the Base Moiety of 2′‐Deoxycytidine: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Labet Vanessa , Grand André , Cadet Jean , Eriksson Leif A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFive pathways leading to the deamination of cytosine (to uracil) after formation of its deprotonated radical cation are investigated in the gas phase, at the UB3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) level of theory, and in bulk aqueous solvent. The most favorable pathway involves hydrogen‐atom transfer from a water molecule to the N3 nitrogen of the deprotonated radical cation, followed by addition of the resulting hydroxyl radical to the C4 carbon of the cytosine derivative. Following protonation of the amino group (N4), the C4N4 bond is broken with elimination of the NH3⋅+ radical and formation of a protonated uracil. The rate‐determining step of this mechanism is hydrogen‐atom transfer from a water molecule to the cytosine derivative. The associated free energy barrier is 70.2 kJ mol−1.
Notch and suppressor of Hairless regulate levels but not patterns of Delta expression in Drosophila
Authors: Parks Annette L. , Shalaby Nevine A. , Muskavitch Marc A.T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Notch signal transduction pathway is highly conserved and governs many developmental decisions in metazoans. The ligand Delta, and its receptor Notch, are often expressed in complementary patterns during Drosophila postembryonic development. Notch signaling is thought to play a role in generation of these complementary patterns through feedback mechanisms that regulate Delta and Notch expression. We have examined Delta expression during postembryonic development, following global alteration of Notch‐dependent or Su(H)‐dependent transcriptional regulation. We find that Notch and Su(H) regulate Delta expression in a manner that varies by context. Surprisingly, we find that wild type Delta expression levels are influenced by Su(H)‐dependent mechanisms only in regions of high Delta/low Notch expression. In contrast, Delta expression levels in regions of low Delta/high Notch expression appear to be unaffected by Su(H)‐mediated regulation. We conclude that Notch pathway feedback regulation is unlikely to contribute to the generation of complementary patterns in the contexts examined. genesis 46:265–275, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of fat replacers in the production of reduced‐calorie vanilla ice cream
Authors: Aykan Vildan , Sezgin Emel , Guzel‐Seydim Zeynep B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to determine the effects of different fat replacers on the sensory and texture attributes of vanillin‐flavored ice cream. Inulin is a fairly new fat replacer which has been proven to be a health promoter. Two vanilla ice cream formulations were produced using different ratios of inulin and Simplesse® as fat replacers to provide better flavor and textural properties. Aspartame and acesulfam‐K were used as sweeteners in the low‐calorie ice creams. Sensory and instrumental analyses were used to evaluate the texture quality of light (4.55%) (control group), low‐fat (2%) and fat‐free vanilla ice creams. The experimental mixes were significantly more viscous than the control mix due to the water binding capacity of carbohydrate‐ and protein‐based substances. The texture scores of the ice creams (sensory evaluation) paralleled the viscosity values. Ice creams manufactured with fat replacers were free of cooked‐milk flavor. The energy value of ice cream was reduced compared to full‐fat ice cream (207 kcal/100 g): by 75% for non‐fat ice cream, 71% for low‐fat ice cream and 41% for light ice cream. An increase in total solids in the mix resulted in better texture, a lower melting rate and better shape retention.
Generation and Rearrangement of Some Spirocycloaliphatic Thiosulfines and Dithiiranes
Authors: Romański Jarosław , Reisenauer Hans Peter , Petzold Holm , Weigand Wolfgang , Schreiner Peter R. , Mlostoń Grzegorz 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe flash‐vacuum pyrolysis of selected dispirodicycloaliphatic 1,2,4‐trithiolanes was studied by using matrix isolation techniques. The formation of thiosulfines and dithiiranes along with the corresponding thioketones was detected spectroscopically and confirmed by comparison with computed spectra. In the case of tetramethylcyclobutanone 1,2,4‐trithiolane, the thermal formation of the dithiolactone was observed. Pyrolysis of the (dichloro)tetramethylcyclobutane derivative resulted only in the formation of a mixture of the thiosulfine and dithiirane. In this case, conversion into the corresponding dithiolactone could be achieved photochemically. The dispirodiadamantane derivative gave a mixture of the respective thiosulfine and dithiirane but no dithiolactone could be detected in the mixture. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Protein extraction for proteome analysis from cacao leaves and meristems, organs infected by Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of the witches' broom disease
Authors: Pirovani Carlos Priminho , Carvalho Heliana Argôlo Santos , Machado Regina Cele Reboucas , Gomes Dayane Santos , Alvim Fátima Cerqueira , Pomella Alan William Vilela , Gramacho Karina Peres , Cascardo Júlio Cézar de Mattos , Pereira Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães , Micheli Fabienne 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPreparation of high‐quality proteins from cacao vegetative organs is difficult due to very high endogenous levels of polysaccharides and polyphenols. In order to establish a routine procedure for the application of proteomic and biochemical analysis to cacao tissues, three new protocols were developed; one for apoplastic washing fluid (AWF) extraction, and two for protein extraction – under denaturing and nondenaturing conditions. The first described method allows a quick and easy collection of AWF – using infiltration–centrifugation procedure – that is representative of its composition in intact leaves according to the smaller symplastic contamination detected by the use of the hexose phosphate isomerase marker. Protein extraction under denaturing conditions for 2‐DE was remarkably improved by the combination of chemically and physically modified processes including phenol, SDS dense buffer and sonication steps. With this protocol, high‐quality proteins from cacao leaves and meristems were isolated, and for the first time well‐resolved 1‐DE and 2‐DE protein patterns of cacao vegetative organs are shown. It also appears that sonication associated with polysaccharide precipitation using tert‐butanol was a crucial step for the nondenaturing protein extraction and subsequent enzymatic activity detection. It is expected that the protocols described here could help to develop high‐level proteomic and biochemical studies in cacao also being applicable to other recalcitrant plant tissues.
Comparison of oil‐in‐water and water‐in‐oil microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography as methods for the analysis of eight phenolic acids and five diterpenoids
Authors: Cao Jun , Chen Jun , Yi Ling , Li Ping , Qi Lian‐Wen 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOil‐in‐water (O/W) and water‐in‐oil (W/O) MEEKC were compared for their abilities to separate and detect eight phenolic acids and five diterpenoids in Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RRSM). The effects of oil type and concentration, organic modifier, SDS, and buffer concentration on separation were examined in order to optimize the two methods. Oil contents and organic modifier were found to markedly influence the separation selectivity for both O/W and W/O systems. SDS concentration rarely affected separation resolution for O/W MEEKC, and separation of eight phenolic acids and five diterpenoids could be improved by changing the buffer concentration for W/O MEEKC. A highly efficient O/W MEEKC separation method, where the 13 compounds were separated with baseline resolution, was achieved by using a microemulsion solution of pH 8.0 containing 0.6% cyclohexane, 3.0% SDS, 6.0% 1‐butanol, and 3.0% ACN. The W/O MEEKC was unable to resolve all the components. In addition, the analytic time in O/W MEEKC was shorter than that in W/O MEEKC. Finally, the developed O/W MEEKC method was successfully applied to determine analytic compounds in RRSM samples.
Evidence of different stoichiometries for the limiting carbonate complexes across the lanthanide(III) series: A capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry study
Authors: Philippini Violaine , Vercouter Thomas , Aupiais Jean , Topin Sylvain , Ambard Chrystel , Chaussé Annie , Vitorge Pierre 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe electrophoretic mobilities (µep,Ln) of twelve lanthanides (not Ce, Pr and Yb) were measured by CE‐ICP‐MS in 0.15 and 0.5 mol L−1 Alk2CO3 aqueous solutions for Alk+ = Li+, Na+, K+ and Cs+. In 0.5 mol L−1 solutions, two different µep,Ln values were found for the light (La to Nd) and the heavy (Dy to Tm) lanthanides, which suggests two different stoichiometries for the carbonate limiting complexes. These results are consistent with a solubility study that attests the $\displaystyle {\tf=Ln}({\tf=CO}_3 )_3^{3 - }$ and $\displaystyle {\tf=Ln}({\tf=CO}_3 )_4^{5 - }$ stoichiometries for the heavy (small) and the light (big) lanthanides, respectively. The Alk+ counterions influence the $\displaystyle \mu _{{\tf=ep,Ln}}^{{\tf=Alk}_2 {\tf=CO}_3 }$ values, but not the overall shape of the $\displaystyle \mu _{{\tf=ep,Ln}}^{{\tf=Alk}_2 {\tf=CO}_3 }$ plots as a function of the lanthanide atomic numbers: the counterions do not modify the stoichiometries of the inner sphere complexes. The influence of the Alk+ counterions decreases in the Li+ > Na+ >> K+ > Cs+ series. The K3,Ln stepwise formation constants of the $\displaystyle {\tf=Ln}({\tf=CO}_3 )_3^{3 - }$ complexes slightly increase with the atomic numbers of the lanthanides while K4,Ln, the stepwise formation constants of $\displaystyle {\tf=Ln}({\tf=CO}_3 )_4^{5 - }$ complexes, slightly decrease from La to Tb, and is no longer measurable for heavier lanthanides.
Surgery and parental separation as potential risk factors for abnormal eating attitudes—longitudinal study
Authors: Bachar Eytan , Stein Daniel , Canetti Laura , Gur Eitan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDue to the susceptibility of eating disorders (ED) to stressful life events, we wanted to examine longitudinally whether two childhood adversities: (1) surgery and (2) parental separation, will affect abnormal eating attitudes in adolescents. Consecutively for 4 years, the eating attitude test (EAT‐26) and the eating disorder inventory‐2 (EDI‐2) questionnaires were administered to students from grades 7th through 10th and 8th through 11th. Multilevel analysis revealed that parental separation and oral or cosmetic dermatologic surgeries were significantly correlated with EAT‐26 and EDI‐2 scores throughout the 4 years of the study. Post‐hoc interpretation suggests a connection between (A) chirurgic intervention in the oral cavity and problematic eating attitudes, and (B) cosmetic dermatologic surgery and greater awareness to body appearance—a feature which might characterize adolescents who are prone to develop ED. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.