bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noise properties of preamplifier to be used with LN2-cooled HgCdTe photodetector
Authors: Kazantsev Dmitry V. , Kazantseva Elena A. 
Published: February 2025

Objectives. Photoresistors based on a solid solution of mercury–cadmium–tellurium (MCT) have been used in infrared (IR) technology for over 60 years. They can have a sensitivity range in the wavelength region from 1 μm to 15 μm, depending on Hg1−xCdxTe composition. The resistance of photosensitive MCT elements is (depending on their area) tens of Ohms, and for such a resistor the thermodynamically expected Nyquist noise is less than 1 nV/√Hz. Modern semiconductor technologies ensure a high level of quality of both photodetectors and input stages of integrated circuits for amplifying the signal from them. The aim of this work is to study the noise properties of the electronic unit developed for joint operation with a liquid nitrogen cooled MCT-photodetector.Methods. An analog input-output digital signal processor card P25M (Innovative, Inc., USA) was used to measure and accumulate the noise spectra of the signal in the frequency range 0–1 MHz. The card has four 16-bit ADCs of sampling rate up to 25MSpS, a Spartan-3 field-programmable gate array controlling them, a TMS320C6713 processor, and RAM, in order to transmit the collected digital data to the motherboard through a common PCI-X slot. The spectra of the received data were calculated using the fast Fourier transform algorithm with subsequent averaging of the square of the amplitude for all spectral components.Results. The noise properties of comparatively modern integrated circuits currently used for this task were considered. The noise density spectra of the first stage (ADA4898-2), the second stage (AD8034), and bias current sources (AD8397 and LT3009) were measured. It was found that the spectral density of the input noise of the operational amplifier ADA4898-2 is comparable to the Nyquist (thermodynamically expected) noise of a 20–100-Ohm resistor corresponding to the resistance of the photosensitive element. This means that the selected operational amplifier is ideal for resolving the technical problem discussed herein. Meanwhile, it was also established that the noise spectrum of the LT3009, ADR510 voltage and current stabilizer integrated circuits contains a noticeable drift component with a spectral density of “pink noise” 1/f α (f – frequency, α ≈ 1).Conclusions. It was shown that the spectral noise density of the electronic components, reduced to the input of the device, is several times lower than the noise density of the photodetector used.
Method for designing DC/DC converters based on Zeta topology
Authors: Bityukov Vladimir K. , Lavrenov Aleksey I. 
Published: February 2025

Objectives. The work set out to develop a new design method for DC/DC converters based on the Zeta topology to calculate the ratings of inductors and capacitors of the Zeta converter with magnetically coupled inductors and verify the accuracy of the ultimate continuous mathematical model and design method based on it using SPICE simulation in the Multisim computer-aided design (CAD) system.Methods. The proposed method analyzes an ultimate continuous mathematical model to calculate the ratings of coupled inductors and capacitors of the converter.Results. The simulation of the Zeta converter with coupled inductors was carried out using the Multisim CAD system, during which the load and transfer characteristics of the converter were obtained. These characteristics show the dependencies of the currents flowing through the coupled inductors and voltages across the capacitors on the input voltage, as well as the dependence of the output voltage on the load current. The presented design method is shown to be accurate and in full agreement with the simulation results. A correlation between the transfer and load characteristics of currents and voltages obtained by simulation and calculation is established. The differences between the values calculated using the ultimate continuous mathematical model and the results of simulation in the Multisim CAD system are comparable to measurement errors.Conclusions. The proposed design method is used calculate element ratings for the Zeta topology both with and without taking the inductive coupling into account. The method can also be used to calculate the steady-state values and ripple currents of the inductors and voltages across the capacitors. The design method for DC/DC converters presented in the paper can be used for both preliminary evaluation calculations and more detailed calculations, including analysis of the device operation under various input voltages and load resistances.
Advancements in Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Personalized Image Generation: A Review of ID-Preserving Techniques of InstantID
Authors: Kurniawan Ardhiansyah 
Published: February 2025

The evolution of text-to-image diffusion models, such as GLIDE, DALL-E 2, and Stable Diffusion, has significantly enhanced image generation capabilities. However, achieving image personalization with precise facial detail retention, minimal reference images, and reduced computational costs remains challenging. Traditional methods like DreamBooth and Textual Inversion rely on extensive fine-tuning, while techniques like IP-Adapter, which avoid fine-tuning, often compromise accuracy. Addressing these gaps, InstantID introduces a novel plug-and-play module that uses a single reference image to enable efficient identity preservation with high fidelity and flexibility.

InstantID departs from conventional approaches by employing ID Embedding and an Image Adapter to enhance semantic richness and facial detail fidelity. Unlike models relying on CLIP-based visual prompts, InstantID integrates ID Embedding with ControlNet to refine the cross-attention process. This involves using simplified facial keypoints for conditional input and replacing text prompts with ID Embedding. Trained on a large-scale dataset comprising LAION-Face and additional high-quality annotated images, InstantID demonstrates superior ID retention and facial detail restoration. Notably, its performance improves with multiple reference images but remains highly effective with just one.

The results highlight the effectiveness of InstantID's modular components, such as IdentityNet and the Image Adapter, in ensuring exceptional generation quality and detail retention. Although currently optimized for SDXL checkpoints, InstantID offers a scalable and efficient solution for personalized image generation. By integrating with tools like ComfyUI, it provides a seamless and accessible approach to image personalization with strong ID control and adaptability.
AGRICULTURE TEACHER’S PERCEPTION OF AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM: A CASE STUDY OF ZURU, KEBBI STATE
Authors: Yusuf Aliyu , Bamalli Imran Sidi 
Published: February 2025

The aim of the study was to assess how agricultural teachers view the importance of agricultural mechanization within the agricultural education curriculum in secondary schools in Zuru Local Government, Kebbi State. Four research objectives with correspondent research questions were formulated to guide the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. Ten (10) secondary schools were purposely selected for the study across the study areas out of which two (2) were private schools. Simple random sampling technique was used to select one hundred (100) agricultural science teachers from the sampled schools. Questionnaire with four point rating scale was used to elicit responses from the respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation. The results revealed a positive perception held by secondary school teachers regarding the concepts in agricultural mechanization education with the overall mean of 3.52 that was above the 2.50 cut of point on a four point rating scale among others. Based on the findings, it is recommended that efforts should be made to improve agricultural mechanization curriculum by incorporating the rejected instructional areas, training workshops and capacity-building programs should be organized for secondary school teachers to deepen their understanding and ability to teach mechanized farming concepts effectively.
The association between sarcopenia and clinical outcomes among Chinese patients with triple-negative breast cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Gu Huayan , Zhu Teng , Ding JiaLing , Yang Zhi , Lu Yiqiao , Guo Guilong 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThis study efforts to explore the association between sarcopenia, an age-related decline in muscle mass and physical function, and clinical outcomes in women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).Methods and materialsThis retrospective study included women diagnosed with TNBC who received breast surgery from December 2012 to December 2018. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) is utilized to evaluate sarcopenia, which was quantified by the cross-sectional area of muscle at the twelfth thoracic vertebra (T12). Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) are the endpoints. The association of sarcopenia with DFS and OS was statistically analyzed.ResultsThe study included 130 women in all, with a median age of 55 years (median follow-up, 53 months). Among them, 78 (58.5%) women had sarcopenia (SMI &lt;28.01). 38 patients (29.2%) died and 49 patients (37.7%) experienced a recurrence of breast cancer throughout the follow-up period. Sarcopenia was demonstrated to be a significant predictive factor for both OS (HR,2.885; 95% CI, 1.349–6.169; p = 0.006) and DFS (HR,3.121; 95% CI, 1.578–6.175; p = 0.001) in the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. There was no significant correlation seen between body mass index and either DFS (p = 0.156) or OS (P = 0.264). Logistic regression model further revealed that sarcopenia was a prognostic factor that was independently associated with both DFS (p = 0.001) and OS (p = 0.006).ConclusionsAmong women with TNBC, sarcopenia is associated with worse clinical outcomes. These patients with high risk might be candidates for individual programmed exercise and diet interventions to optimize survival outcomes.
Hypovitaminosis D in patients with oral leukoplakia: insights from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Maturana-Ramirez Andrea , Aitken-Saavedra Juan , Mora-Ferraro Dante , Rojas-Zúñiga Gabriel , Espinoza-Santander Iris , Rojas-Alcayaga Gonzalo , Ortega-Pinto Ana , Reyes Montserrat , Lazo Diego , Caamanão Egardo 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionOral leukoplakia is one of the most frequent oral potentially malignant disorders. The present study aims to compare serum vitamin D levels between patients with and without oral leukoplakia, by smoking habit.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved a group of 45 cases with oral leukoplakia and a control group with 45 individuals. In both groups a pathology report was done, and for leukoplakia a binary classification of low- and high-grade epithelial dysplasia was employed. Serum 25(OH)D3 vitamin D levels, and data on smoking status, age, gender, comorbidities, and clinical and pathological characteristics were collected for both groups.Resultsvitamin D levels were lower in the oral leukoplakia group with a median of 19.1 ng/ml, while the control group had a median of 24.8 ng/ml. When subdividing each group by smoking habit, the smoking case group had a median of 19.4 ng/ml (IQR: 15.7-21.5 ng/ml), the non-smoking case group had 18.8 ng/ml (IQR: 13.6-29.2 ng/ml), the smoking control group had 21.8 ng/ml (IQR: 17.5-27.3 ng/ml), and the non-smoking control group had 25.4 ng/ml (IQR: 20.4-32.9 ng/ml) (p&lt;0.05). When comparing serum vitamin D levels, statistically significant differences were found between the smoking case group versus the non-smoking control group and between the non-smoking case group versus the non-smoking control group (p&lt;0.05). Serum vitamin D levels by histopathological diagnosis showed no differences between leukoplakia groups.DiscussionThis study shows that serum vitamin D levels were lower in patients with OL compared to those without OL, which was more evident in the smoking group. Patients with OL were previously observed to have hypovitaminosis D, without assessing smoking habits. This finding suggests a possible role of vitamin D deficiency in the development of OL, which could be more marked in smokers. This opens the possibility of future research on vitamin D as a chemopreventive agent in the malignant transformation of OL, and to evaluate the relationship between smoking and hypovitaminosis D.
Telework preference: an understanding from theory of planned behavior
Authors: Leiva Pedro I. , Kausel Edgar E. , Madrid Hector P. , Alday Rodrigo A. 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe massive implementation of teleworking during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted its advantages for employees and organizations. Afterwards, transitioning back to the office, some companies are considering hybrid arrangements to sustain the positive effects of teleworking on job performance. This study, performed during the COVID-19 pandemic, argues that effective telework depends not only on organizational support but also on employees' preferences for telework.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to examine predictors of employee telework preference. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), we propose that employees' telework preference is influenced by their attitudes and subjective norms regarding teleworking, moderated by their perceptions of telework behavioral control.MethodsData was collected with a two-wave survey from 162 employees of two service organizations in Chile, South America.ResultsOur findings reveal that positive attitudes toward teleworking significantly predict telework preference. Additionally, the subjective norm positively influences telework preference when employees perceive high behavioral control.ConclusionThese findings contribute to TPB and telework management literature broadening the scope of TPB on telework and offering practical insights for enhancing telework management.
The association of physical activity and carotid intima-media-thickness in adolescents—data of the prospective early vascular ageing-tyrol cohort study
Authors: Winder Bernhard , Kiechl Sophia J. , Bernar Benoît , Gande Nina , Staudt Anna , Stock Anna K. , Hochmayr Christoph , Geiger Ralf , Griesmacher Andrea , Kiechl Stefan , Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula , Knoflach Michael ,   the Early Vascular Ageing (EVA)-Tyrol Study Group
Published: February 2025

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) protects against cardiovascular disease. However, previous research has shown that high PA is associated with an increased carotid intima-media-thickness (cIMT), an independent predictor for future cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to further investigate this unexpected association with two different measurement methods of PA and two established markers for Early Vascular Ageing: cIMT and carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (cfPWV).MethodsThe community-based Early Vascular Ageing-Tyrol cohort study included adolescents in western Austria and northern Italy. Medical examinations included anthropometric measurements, fasting blood analysis, a physician guided interview to assess lifestyle factors, measurement of cIMT and cfPWV. PA was rated by an in-person interview on the basis of average minutes of moderate- or vigorous sports per day and by the Baecke questionnaire expressed as Baecke score (BS).ResultsComplete data set was available for 1,001 adolescents with a mean age of 17.8 years (standard deviation ±0.9 years). 558 (55.7%) of participants were female. cIMT was positively associated with both measures of PA in univariate (minutes sports per day: p &lt; 0.001; BS: p &lt; 0.001) as well as multivariable analysis adjusting for established cardiovascular risk factors (minutes sports per day: p = 0.001; BS: p = 0.002). Using cfPWV in a multivariate model an inverse correlation with the BS (p = 0.023) was observed, but not for minutes sports per day (p = 0.554).ConclusionIn our large community-based cohort of adolescents, PA was associated with an increased cIMT but shows a trend towards lower aortic stiffness measured by cfPWV. We hypothesize that the association of PA with increased cIMT is not caused by early atherosclerotic vessel wall changes but is rather a physiologic adaptive process of the vessel wall.
Trial Registration NumberThe EVA-Tyrol Study has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov under NCT03929692 since April 29, 2019.
Efficacy and safety of Xiaoyao San in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Zhou Jian , Gong Guanwen 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundXiaoyao San (XYS) has been increasingly used in China for treating chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), but its efficacy and safety remain unclear.ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of XYS compared to standard biomedical treatments (SBT) in CFS patients.MethodsA comprehensive search of English and Chinese databases was conducted up to December 2024. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials comparing XYS or XYS + SBT to SBT alone. Primary outcomes were effective rate (ER) and fatigue scale-14 (FS-14). Secondary outcomes included self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and adverse events (AEs). Data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4, and evidence quality was assessed using the GRADE approach.ResultsSix studies involving 623 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that XYS-based interventions significantly improved ER (RR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.18–1.37, I2 = 0%) and FS-14 (MD = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.49–2.06, I2 = 54%). Subgroup analyses confirmed consistent efficacy for both XYS vs. SBT and XYS + SBT vs. SBT. Anxiety and depression improved significantly in the XYS + SBT group, with SAS (MD = 5.16, 95% CI: 3.84–6.48, I2 = 24%) and SDS (MD = 4.62, 95% CI: 3.15–6.09, I2 = 0%). Additionally, the risk of AEs was significantly reduced in the XYS + SBT group compared to SBT alone (RR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.32–0.72, I2 = 0%). However, the quality of evidence was rated “low” due to risk of bias and potential publication bias among the studies.ConclusionXYS, whether alone or with SBT, is effective and safe for improving ER, fatigue, anxiety, and depression in CFS patients. However, due to the low quality of the evidence, results should be interpreted cautiously. High-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are needed to provide stronger evidence for the clinical use of XYS in managing CFS.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=493084, identifier CRD42023493084.
Transcriptome analysis of ovarian cancer uncovers association between tumor-related inflammation/immunity and patient outcome
Authors: Wang Jingfang , Zhu Wenrui , Li Xia , Wu Yuanyuan , Ma Wenhui , Wang Yangzhou , Zhao Weihong , Wei Fang , Wang Wenhao 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a cancer that affects the female reproductive system and is highly lethal. It poses significant challenges in terms of treatment and often has a poor prognosis. In recent years, with the advent of PARPi, the treatment of ovarian cancer has entered a new stage of full-process management. Although more and more drugs have been approved, the therapeutic effect of PARPi is still very limited. With the rapid development of PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, oncolytic viruses, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, etc., tumor immunotherapy has provided new opportunities for the treatment of ovarian cancer.MethodsThis study used comprehensive transcriptome analysis across multiple databases to gather gene transcripts and clinical features of normal ovarian samples and tissue samples from ovarian cancer. The aim was to explore the mechanisms underlying tumor immunotherapy resistance and to reveal the relationship between ovarian cancer’s immune microenvironment and genes linked to inflammation. Various R packages were used for differential gene analysis, enrichment analysis, co-expression network construction, and prognostic model building.ResultsIt has been found that the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients is closely associated with sets of genes involved in inflammation. The immune infiltration microenvironment, clinicopathological features, and survival rates differed significantly between two inflammatory gene expression patterns identified using cluster and immune microenvironment analyses. Further analysis revealed that the high-risk group had a higher abundance of M2-type macrophage infiltration, more active anti-tumor immune response, higher tumor stemness score, potentially worse prognosis, and lower response rates to multiple chemotherapy drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors.ConclusionThese findings provide new perspectives and potential targets for immunotherapy and prognostic evaluation of ovarian cancer and offer new strategies and directions for clinical treatment and patient management. This study provides crucial information to further our comprehension of drug response mechanisms and tumor immunotherapy. It offers new strategies and methods for the treatment and prognostic improvement of ovarian cancer.
Work rate adjustments needed to maintain heart rate and RPE during high-intensity interval training in the heat
Authors: Yoder Hillary A. , Mulholland Anne M. , MacDonald Hayley V. , Wingo Jonathan E. 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionHigher work rates may be sustainable when maintaining target rating of perceived exertion (RPE) compared to maintaining target heart rate (THR) during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise in hot conditions, but may also result in greater thermal strain and cardiovascular drift, as well as greater decrements in maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max).PurposeTo test the hypotheses that maintaining target RPE compared to THR during HIIT in the heat results in 1) smaller work rate adjustments, 2) greater thermal and cardiovascular strain, and 3) larger decreases in V˙O2max.MethodsEight adults (4 women) completed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer in 22°C and then 4 cycling trials in 35°C, consisting of an 8-min warm-up at 70% maximal heart rate (HRmax) or 12 RPE followed by 1 (15HR and 15RPE) or 5 (43HR and 43RPE) rounds of HIIT (1 round = 4 min work at 90% HRmax or 17 RPE and 3 min recovery at 70% HRmax or 12 RPE) totaling 15 min or 43 min of exercise, respectively. Each trial ended with a GXT to measure V˙O2max.ResultsIn the 43-min trials work rate decreased from the first to the fifth work interval in both conditions, but by a non-significant, yet moderately larger (ES = 0.53) amount during 43HR (46 ± 29 W) compared to 43RPE (30 ± 28 W). From the first to fifth work interval HR increased over time by 12 b⋅min–1 in 43RPE (p &lt; 0.001), but did not increase during 43HR (p = 0.36). Rectal temperature increases were not different between conditions (43HR = 0.7°C, p &lt; 0.001; 43RPE = 0.8°C, p &lt; 0.001). V˙O2max decreased 15.6% (ES = 0.41) between 15RPE and 43RPE (p = 0.005), but it was not different over time during the HR-based trials [6.5%, ES = 0.16 (α adjusted for multiple comparisons = 0.0125) p = 0.03].ConclusionMaintaining target RPE and THR require considerable declines in work rate during HIIT in the heat, with ∼53% larger declines needed to maintain THR. The mitigation of cardiovascular drift in the THR trial may have contributed to the preservation of V˙O2max.