bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of extended pattern prostate biopsies for tumor localization
Authors: Schulte Ryan T. , Wood David P. , Daignault Stephanie , Shah Rajal B. , Wei John T. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Focal targeted therapy has been proposed as a potential treatment for localized prostate cancer in an attempt to reduce morbidity. However, these modalities rely heavily on accurate tumor localization to achieve total tumor ablation. In the current study, we sought to examine the ability of contemporary extended pattern prostate biopsy to predict the location of tumors.METHODS.A total of 281 men with prostate cancer detected via a standardized extended pattern biopsy template with at least 12 cores and who subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy were evaluated. Tumor location on biopsy, stratified by laterality and by site (apex vs mid‐base prostate), was compared with corresponding locations on the prostatectomy specimen. Generalized estimating equation models were developed to assess the effects of clinical variables on pathologic agreement between biopsy and prostatectomy specimens.RESULTS.Of the 281 prostate biopsies, the positive predictive value (PPV) of right and left needle biopsy was high at 97.3% and 96.7%, respectively. However, the negative predictive value (NPV) was low at 24.7% and 31.3%, respectively. When more specific locations were considered, the NPV improved at the apex. However, this came at a cost to the PPV. Tumor focality on prostatectomy specimen was the only clinical feature found to be significantly and consistently related to pathologic agreement.CONCLUSIONS.Contemporary extended pattern prostate biopsy, although able to diagnose cancers, fails to provide reliable localization of tumors to specific areas of the prostate. Focal therapy, which relies heavily on localization, should only be performed with this caveat in mind. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Concurrent and longitudinal associations of basal and diurnal cortisol with mental health symptoms in early adolescence
Authors: Shirtcliff Elizabeth A. , Essex Marilyn J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractRecent biosocial theories postulate that both biological risk and the social context influence the development of mental health problems [Boyce and Ellis (2005) Development and Psychopathology, 17(2), 271–301]. Guided by this framework, we examined whether basal cortisol and its diurnal rhythm were associated with mental health symptoms in early adolescence. Because cross‐sectional and longitudinal investigations sometimes reveal different cortisol–mental health associations, we examined the association both concurrently and longitudinally when children transition to middle school, a time which entails a major change in social context from single to multiple teachers, classrooms, and sets of classmates. Salivary cortisol was measured three times a day (waking, afternoon, and bedtime) across 3 days when adolescents were 5th graders. Mental health was measured when adolescents were in 5th and 7th grades, just before and after the transition to middle school. To deal with the substantial comorbidity of internalizing and externalizing symptoms at this developmental stage, mental health measures distinguished overall symptom severity from the preponderance of internalizing versus externalizing symptoms (i.e., directionality). A three‐level Hierarchical Linear Model was used to extract basal cortisol and its diurnal rhythm separate from the day‐to‐day and within‐the‐day fluctuations in cortisol in response to daily experiences. Results were specific to symptom severity, suggesting that cortisol is a nonspecific risk factor for mental health symptoms in young adolescents. At 5th grade, low basal cortisol was associated with concurrent symptom severity. However, longitudinally, it was adolescents with high cortisol at 5th grade who were at risk for increasing mental health symptoms by 7th grade. Flat diurnal rhythms in 5th grade were related to levels of symptom severity at both 5th and 7th grades. Considering the change in social context, as defined by the transition to middle school, helped resolve seemingly inconsistent evidence that both hypo‐ and hyper‐arousal were associated with mental health symptoms in early adolescence. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 690‐703, 2008.
Identification of prostaglandin E2 receptors mediating perinatal masculinization of adult sex behavior and neuroanatomical correlates
Authors: Wright Christopher L. , Burks Scott R. , McCarthy Margaret M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractProstaglandin E2 (PGE2) mediates the organization of male rat sexual behavior and medial preoptic area (MPOA) neuroanatomy during a sensitive perinatal window. PGE2 is up‐regulated in response to estradiol, and initiates a two‐fold increase in dendritic spines densities on neurons. All the four receptors for PGE2 and EP1‐4 are present in developing POA, a critical region controlling male sexual behavior. Previous studies explored that EP receptors are involved in PGE2‐induction of neonatal levels of spinophilin protein, a surrogate marker for dendritic spine formation, but did not assess behavioral masculinization. Here, we used two approaches, suppression of EP receptor expression with antisense oligonucleotides and activation of EP receptors with selective agonists, to test which receptors are necessary and sufficient, respectively, for the effects of PGE2 on behavior and neuronal morphology. In female rats, neonatal treatment with antisense oligonucleotides against EP2 or EP4 but not EP1 or EP3 completely prevented the expression of adult behavior organized by PGE2 exposure. The effects of ONO‐DI‐004, ONO‐AE‐259‐01, ONO‐AE‐248, and ONO‐AE1‐329 (EP1‐4 agonists respectively) were equivalent to PGE2 treatment, which suggests activating any EP receptor neonatally suffices in masculinizing sex behavior. When given alone, not all EP agonists increased neonatal POA spinophilin levels; yet giving each agonist neonatally increased adult levels. Moreover, adult spinophilin levels significantly correlated with two measures of male sexual behavior. The body of evidence suggests that EP2 and EP4 are both necessary and sufficient for PGE2‐induced masculinization of sex behavior, whereas EP1 and EP3 provide redundant roles. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
The atRA‐responsive gene neuron navigator 2 functions in neurite outgrowth and axonal elongation
Authors: Muley P.D. , McNeill E.M. , Marzinke M.A. , Knobel K.M. , Barr M.M. , Clagett‐Dame M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractNeuron navigator 2 (Nav2) was first identified as an all‐trans retinoic acid (atRA)‐responsive gene in human neuroblastoma cells (retinoic acid‐induced in neuroblastoma 1, RAINB1) that extend neurites after exposure to atRA. It is structurally related to the Caenorhabditis elegans unc‐53 gene that is required for cell migration and axonal outgrowth. To gain insight into NAV2 function, the full‐length human protein was expressed in C. elegans unc‐53 mutants under the control of a mechanosensory neuron promoter. Transgene expression of NAV2 rescued the defects in unc‐53 mutant mechanosensory neuron elongation, indicating that Nav2 is an ortholog of unc‐53. Using a loss‐of‐function approach, we also show that Nav2 induction is essential for atRA to induce neurite outgrowth in SH‐SY5Y cells. The NAV2 protein is located both in the cell body and along the length of the growing neurites of SH‐SY5Y cells in a pattern that closely mimics that of neurofilament and microtubule proteins. Transfection of Nav2 deletion constructs in Cos‐1 cells reveals a region of the protein (aa 837–1065) that directs localization with the microtubule cytoskeleton. Collectively, this work supports a role for NAV2 in neurite outgrowth and axonal elongation and suggests this protein may act by facilitating interactions between microtubules and other proteins such as neurofilaments that are key players in the formation and stability of growing neurites. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Electrocommunication signals alone are sufficient to increase neurogenesis in the brain of adult electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus
Authors: Dunlap Kent D. , McCarthy Elizabeth A. , Jashari Denisa 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSocial interaction can have profound influences on the structure of the adult brain, but little is known about the precise stimulus feature found within social interaction that induces such brain plasticity. We examined the effects of social stimuli on cell addition and radial glial fiber formation in the brains of adult electric fish. These fish communicate primarily through weak, quasi‐sinusoidal electric signals. Fish were housed in isolation, paired with another fish or exposed to only the electrocommunication signals of another fish for 7 days. After 3 days of exposure to these stimulus conditions, fish were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to mark newborn cells. We sacrificed the fish 4 days after BrdU injection and used immunohistochemistry to measure cell addition (BrdU+), the fraction of added cells that differentiated into neurons (BrdU+/NeuroTrace®+) and the density of radial glia fibers (vimentin+) in the periventricular zone of the diencephalon. Fish that were exposed only to the electrocommunication signals of another fish and no other social stimuli had equivalent levels of cell addition and radial glial fiber density to fish that were housed with full social interaction and higher levels than fish housed in isolation. About 60% of the added cells differentiated into neurons; this fraction did not differ among treatment groups. Artificial sine wave electrical stimuli that mimicked electrocommunication signals were ineffective in increasing cell addition and glia fiber formation above those found in isolated fish. Thus, stimuli through a single modality are sufficient for inducing this brain plasticity, but the waveform or dynamic features of communication signals are crucial for the effect. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Stabilization of Long Cationic EMACs by Reduction or Loss of One Metal Ion
Authors: Ismayilov Rayyat H. , Wang Wen‐Zhen , Wang Rui‐Ren , Huang Yi‐Lin , Yeh Chen‐Yu , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Peng Shie‐Ming 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe new pyrimidyl‐ and naphthyridyl‐modulated pentapyridyltetramine ligand (H3N9‐2pm) and its linear nona‐ and octanickel chain complexes were successfully synthesized. The nonanickel complex [Ni9(μ9‐N9‐2pm)4Cl2](PF6)2 (1) contains two fully delocalized, mixed‐valence [Ni2(napy)4]3+ units. Magnetic measurements performed on the defective octanuclear complex [Ni8(μ8‐N9‐2pm)4Cl2](PF6)2 (2) demonstrate that the metal chain provides a pathway of magnetic superexchange coupling over the extended metal atom chain (EMAC). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A parylene‐based dual channel micro‐electrophoresis system for rapid mutation detection via heteroduplex analysis
Authors: Sukas Sertan , Elif Erson Ayse , Sert Cuneyt , Kulah Haluk 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA new dual channel micro‐electrophoresis system for rapid mutation detection based on heteroduplex analysis was designed and implemented. Mutation detection was successfully achieved in a total separation length of 250 μm in less than 3 min for a 590 bp DNA sample harboring a 3 bp mutation causing an amino acid change. Parylene‐C was used as the structural material for fabricating the micro‐channels as it provides conformal deposition, transparency, biocompatibility, and low background fluorescence without any surface treatment. A new dual channel architecture was derived from the traditional cross‐channel layout by forming two identical channels with independent sample loading and waste reservoirs. The control of injected sample volume was accomplished by a new u‐turn injection technique with pull‐back method. The use of heteroduplex analysis as a mutation detection method on a cross‐linked polyacrylamide medium provided accurate mutation detection in an extremely short length and time. The presence of two channels on the microchip offers the opportunity of comparing the sample to be tested with a desired control sample rapidly, which is very critical for the accuracy and reliability of the mutation analyses, especially for clinical and research purposes.
Gas utilities: Environmental bad guys?
Authors: Smith William H. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractToday we are confronted with external costs, imposed by decisions made in the past, when the consequences of those decisions could not be foreseen. Utilities were behaving reasonably in light of industry practices at the time. Recovery of these costs should not be treated under nationsof fault or prudence; there is no blame to assess. The costs are simply a result of transitions in the industry and it is fair for all elements of the industry to shoulder a share of these costs
Immigrants and the use of preventive care in the United States
Authors: Pylypchuk Yuriy , Hudson Julie 
Published: August 2008

AbstractUsing data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we compare immigrants' use of preventive care with that of natives. We employ a multinomial switching regression framework that accounts for non‐random selection into continuous private insurance, temporary private insurance, public insurance, and no insurance. Our results indicate that among the populations with continuous private coverage and without coverage (uninsured), immigrants, especially non‐citizens, are less likely to use preventive care than natives. We find that the longer immigrants stay in the US the more their use of care approximates to that of natives. However, for most types of care, immigrants' use of care never fully converges to that of natives. Among the publicly insured population, immigrants' use of care is similar to natives, but non‐citizen immigrants are significantly less likely to use preventive measures. We find that the ability to speak English does not have a significant effect on the use of preventive care among publicly insured persons. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement by Secretin of the Apparently Maximal Hepatic Transport of Bilirubin in the Rat
Authors: Ricci Giovanni L. , Michiels Roger , Fevery Johan , Groote Jan De 
Published: August 2008

The effect of secretin (0.4 C.U. per hr per 100 gm body weight) on bile flow and the apparent maximal hepatic transport of bilirubin (Tm) was investigated in the rat. When secretin was administered during an already established bilirubin-Tm condition, it increased bile flow and bilirubin-Tm by 15 to 20% over a 30- to 50-min period. Enhancement of bilirubin output correlated with augmented flow and was sustained by an increased rate of excretion of monoglucuronides.
When secretin was given for 90 min before bilirubin loading, it enhanced biliary bilirubin concentration and output, largely as diglucuronides. Bilirubin-Tm correlated positively with glururonyltransferase activity in liver homogemates.
In the isolated perfused rat liver, injection of secretin in the portal cannula failed to produce choleresis. Bilirubin uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase activity was lower than in intact rats and higher after treatment than in controls.
The effect of secretin had an early effect on hepatocytic bile flow and a later effect on conjugation. Maximal hepatic bilirubin output was modulated both by flow and conjugation rate; the two mechanism may act independently.
Portacaval Transposition in the Rat: Definition of a Valuable Model for Hepatic Research
Authors: Benjamin Irving S. , Ryan Calvin J. , Engelbrecht Gert H. C. , Campbell John A. H. , Hoorn-Hickman Rosemaryvan , Blumgart Leslie H. 
Published: August 2008

Portacaval transposition (PCT) in rats results in a smaller loss of body mass and liver mass than end-to-side portacaval shunt (PCS). Detailed studies of liver function, mass and histology were not previously available and have been undertaken in two different strains of growing rat in order to define the value of this model. PCT rats gained weight normally, while only 50% of PCS rats regained their preoperative weight by the tenth week. Wet and dry weights of liver fell relative to control values after both operations, but the fall was significantly greater after PCS than after PCT: there were parallel changes in hepatocyte size. There was a marked rise in liver-associated enzymes in the first 2 days after PCS only, and minimal enzyme elevations persisted in this group. The extent of cellular damage seen histologically closely parallelled the rise in SGOT in individual rats. At 72 hr, PCS rats showed focal necrotic changes, and by 10 weeks there was marked fatty infiltration: PCT rats had normal histology or showed minimal changes.
PCT therefore provides a model in which there is total portal diversion without the more severe effects of the conventional PCS on hepatic structure and function. This has particular value in studies of experimental hepatic encephalopathy, of hormonal and amino acid changes after portal diversion, and of factors initiating or controlling liver regeneration.
45Calcium Uptake During the Transition from Reversible to Irreversible Liver Injury Induced by D-Galactosamine In Vivo
Authors: Schiessel Clemens , Forsthove Claudia , Keppler Dietrich 
Published: August 2008

The hepatic uptake of45calcium (45Ca) was studied in rats after administration of D-galactosamine (3 mmoles per kg, i.v.). In contrast to measurements of the hepatic calcium content,45Ca uptake served as a dynamic rather than a static indicator of calcium homeostasis during the transition from reversible to irreversible liver injury which occurs between 3 and 4 hr after injection of the hepatotoxin.45Ca uptake during a 1 hr-labeling period increased from 25 to 100% above control between 3 and 4 hr and subsequently remained at this level.The rise in45Ca uptake and in hepatic calcium content occurred 2 to 3 hr after the D-galactosa-mine-induced depletion of UTP, UDP-galactose, UDP-glucose and UDP-glucuronate. The level of UDP-glucuronate was the earliest to recover. The enhanced45Ca uptake was associated with hepatic glycogen breakdown and with an increased SGPT activity in plasma. Inhibition of RNA polymerase II by α-amanitin (0.5 mg per kg, i.p.) and of dolichol-dependent protein glycosylation as well as ganglioside synthesis by tunicamycin (2 mg per kg, i.p.) were used to imitate two of the early actions of D-galactosamine and indicated that an interference with either process can lead to an enhanced uptake of45Ca into the liverin vivo.Uridine, at a dose replenishing uracil nucleotide pools after their depletion by D-galactosamine, prevented or reversed the rise in45Ca uptake. The antiinflammatory steroid dexamethasone, injected prior to or simultaneously with D-galactosamine also protected against the loss of calcium homeostasis and the development of liver injury. This action of the steroid may be related to its indirect phospholipase inhibition. The results emphasize the disturbance in calcium homeostasis and provide further insight into the pathogenetic sequence provoked by D-galactosamine in which uridine protects at an early stage and dexamethasone at a later stage and with less specificity for this hepatotoxin.
The Effect of Chronic Ethanol Ingestion on Ethanol Metabolizing Enzymes in Isolated Periportal and Perivenous Rat Hepatocytes†
Authors: Väänänen Hannu , Salaspuro Mikko , Lindros Kai 
Published: August 2008

Periportal (pp) and perivenous (pv) hepatocyte populations were separated using a two-diree-tional closed perfusion technique with selective addition of collagenase either to direct or retrograde perfusions (Vaananen, H. et al.,Liver1983; 3:131). The activity of GPT in hepatocytes from the pp-area was 1.9 times higher than in cells from the pv-area (p < 0.01). The distribution of glutamate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase activities was reversed; pp/pv ratios of 0.7 and 0.5, respectively, were observed (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). Chronic ethanol consumption for 12 weeks (mean daily ethanol intake 11.4 gm per body weight corresponding to 29% of total energy intake) did not cause histological changes but decreased GPT activity, increased glutamate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase activities and did not alter their pp/pv distribution. Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities were evenly distributed in pp- and pv-hepatocytes. Chronic ethanol treatment slightly decreased alcohol dehydrogenase activity (p < 0.05) and increased the activity of low Kmaldehyde dehydrogenase (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). The specific activity of NADPH-dependent microsomal ethanol oxidation was 50% higher in pv-hepatocytes (p < 0.05). Chronic ethanol treatment did not increase the specific activity of microsomal ethanol oxidation but reduced the pp-pv activity difference.The results indicate that the enzymatic capacity to oxidize ethanol is evenly distributed in the acinus and that, after long-term moderate ethanol treatment, despite lack of parenchymal lesions, changes in the activity of enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism are observed. These changes occur to the same extent in different acinar sites.
Controlled Trial of Vasopressin and Balloon Tamponade in Bleeding Esophageal Varices
Authors: Correia Pinto J. , Alves Martins M. , Alexandrino P. , Silveira J. 
Published: August 2008

In a randomized controlled trial, the effect of continuous intravenous administration of vasopressin was compared with Sengstaken-Blakemore balloon tamponade in 37 episodes of bleeding esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis. The majority were Group A and B of Child’s classification. Bleeding was controlled in 11 of 17 (65%) patients on vasopressin and in 14 of 20 (70%) patients on tamponade. The patients who failed to respond initially (6 episodes on vasopressin and 5 on tamponade) were treated successfully with the alternative method. Overall mortality was similar in both groups: 3 patients in the vasopressin group and 4 in the tamponade group died. Only one patient died of uncontrolled bleeding; 4 patients probably died of complications of treatment, 2 of cardiac ischemia after vasopressin and 2 of pulmonary infection after tamponade.
The vasopressin group required significantly fewer blood transfusions than did the tamponade group.
Hepsin colocalizes with desmosomes and induces progression of ovarian cancer in a mouse model
Authors: Miao Jiangyong , Mu David , Ergel Burce , Singavarapu Rajasekhar , Duan Zhenfeng , Powers Scott , Oliva Esther , Orsulic Sandra 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHepsin is a serine protease that is widely expressed in different tissues and cell types, most prominently in the normal liver and kidney. Overexpression of hepsin has been associated with prostate cancers, ovarian cancers and renal cell carcinomas. The physiological functions of hepsin in normal tissues and tumors are poorly understood. To gain insight into its function in ovarian cancer, we analyzed the expression and subcellular localization of hepsin protein in ovarian cancer cell lines and tumors. We showed that the membrane‐associated hepsin protein is present at desmosomal junctions, where it colocalizes with its putative proteolytic substrate hepatocyte growth factor. Consistent with the growing evidence that desmosomal junctions and their constituents play a role in cancer progression, we demonstrated that overexpression of hepsin promotes ovarian tumor growth in a mouse model. The ability of ectopic hepsin to induce tumor growth in mice is abrogated by the mutation of 3 critical residues in the catalytic domain, thus implicating the enzymatic activity of hepsin in promoting tumor progression. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.