bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular plasticity in vertebrate regeneration
Authors: Odelberg Shannon J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWithin the animal kingdom, there are several examples of organisms with remarkable regenerative abilities. Among vertebrates, newts appear to be the most adept at replacing lost structures and injured organs and can regenerate their limbs, tails, spinal cords, jaws, retinas, lenses, optic nerves, intestines, and heart ventricles. This regenerative ability is dependent on the induction of an unusual degree of cellular plasticity near the site of injury. Mature cells lose their differentiated characteristics and revert to proliferating progenitor cells that will later redifferentiate to replace the lost or injured tissues. This degree of cellular plasticity appears to be restricted to those vertebrates with the most remarkable regenerative abilities and is not observed in mammals. However, in the last several years, there have been a few studies suggesting that certain factors present in newt tissues can induce a dedifferentiation response in mammalian cells. These results suggest that the knowledge gained from studying the molecular basis of cellular plasticity in newts and other regeneration‐competent model organisms might one day be used to enhance the regenerative potential in mammals. Anat Rec (Part B: New Anat) 287B:25–35, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peptidyl‐prolyl isomerase inhibitors
Authors: Wang Xiaodong J. , Etzkorn Felicia A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDesigned peptidyl‐prolyl isomerase (PPIase) inhibitors of Pin1, cyclophilin (CyP), and FK506 binding protein (FKBP) are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the design, structure, and biological activity of the inhibitors. While CyP and FKBP inhibitors have been explored fairly thoroughly, inhibitors of the relatively new Pin1 cell cycle regulator are in their infancy. Ligands designed for Pin1 and CyP have primarily been ground state analogues: alkenes and bicyclic compounds. For FKBP, more of the focus has been on analogues of bonds at the reactive center, the prolyl amide, because of the idea that the α‐ketoamide of FK506 is an analogue of the twisted amide in the transition state. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 84: 125–146, 2006
An integrated instrumental setup for the combination of atomic force microscopy with optical spectroscopy
Authors: Owen R. J. , Heyes C. D. , Knebel D. , Röcker C. , Nienhaus G. U. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn recent years, the study of single biomolecules using fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques has resulted in a plethora of new information regarding the physics underlying these complex biological systems. It is especially advantageous to be able to measure the optical, topographical, and mechanical properties of single molecules simultaneously. Here an AFM is used that is especially designed for integration with an inverted optical microscope and that has a near‐infrared light source (850 nm) to eliminate interference between the optical experiment and the AFM operation. The Tip Assisted Optics (TAO) system consists of an additional 100 × 100‐μm2 X–Y scanner for the sample, which can be independently and simultaneously used with the AFM scanner. This allows the offset to be removed between the confocal optical image obtained with the sample scanner and the simultaneously acquired AFM topography image. The tip can be positioned exactly into the optical focus while the user can still navigate within the AFM image for imaging or manipulation of the sample. Thus the tip‐enhancement effect can be maximized and it becomes possible to perform single molecule manipulation experiments within the focus of a confocal optical image. Here this is applied to simultaneous measurement of single quantum dot fluorescence and topography with high spatial resolution. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 82: 410–414, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Biologie fluoreszierender Proteine: Ein Regenbogen aus dem Ozean
Authors: Veith Daniel , Veith Martina 
Published: November 2005

AbstractGFP ist ein fluoreszierendes Quallenprotein, das nach Anregung mit Blaulicht grünes Licht abstrahlt. Für die korrekte Faltung werden weder Substrate noch Cofaktoren benötigt. GFP ist nicht cytotoxisch, sogar ganze Tiere können damit angefärbt werden. Das Anwendungsgebiet von GFP ist sehr groß, weil es in verschiedenen Organismen exprimiert werden kann. Mittlerweile gibt es viele verschiedene GFP‐Varianten, bei denen die für die Fluoreszenz verantwortlichen Aminosäuren mutiert und somit auf unterschiedliche Aspekte hin optimiert wurden. Mit Hilfe der Fluoreszenz können faszinierende Untersuchungen durchgeführt werden. So können die Lokalisation und Dynamik von Proteinen in der lebenden Zelle beispielsweise mit Fusionsproteinen beobachtet werden. Fluoreszierende Proteine finden sich besonders häufig in Nesseltieren, jedoch gibt es nicht‐fluoreszierende Varianten offenbar in allen Tieren. Trotz eines großen natürlichen Farbspektrums stellt Grün eine Art Grundeinstellung dar.
Experimente rund um die Milch: Biotechnologie in der Schule
Authors: Scherr Dietmar , Werel Rainer 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMilch und Milchprodukte sind ein unerschöpfliches Thema. Will man den Stoffwechsel und seine biotechnologischen Anwendungen in einen Kontext stellen, den die Schülerinnen und Schüler auch von ihrer Umgebung her kennen, dann ergeben sich eine Fülle von interessanten Experimenten und fächerübergreifenden Fragen. Einige wenige, die hauptsächlich den mikrobiologischen Hintergrund beleuchten, wie die Lebendkeimzahlbestimmung und die Fermentation von Milch zu Joghurt und Käse, werden hier aufgezeigt.
Knochenbrecher auf dem Meeresgrund
Authors: Wendler Silke 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMeeresbiologen haben in der Monterey Bay vor Kalifornien eine neue Symbiose von Polychaeten und Bakterien entdeckt. In 2891 Meter Tiefe haben sie den Kadaver eines jungen Grauwales gefunden, dessen Knochen über und über mit circa ein bis sechs Zentimeter langen Würmern bedeckt waren. Diese Würmer zersetzen anscheinend mit Hilfe von Bakterien das Skelett des verendeten Tieres.
The role of cardiopulmonary fitness and its genetic influences on surgical outcomes
Authors: Lee J T , Chaloner E J , Hollingsworth S J 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
Outcome after major surgery remains poor in some patients. There is an increasing need to identify this cohort and develop strategies to reduce postsurgical morbidity and mortality. Central to outcome is the ability to mount cardiovascular output in response to the increased oxygen demand associated with major surgery.

Methods
A medline search was performed using keywords to identify factors that affect, and genetic influences in, disease and outcome from surgery, and all relevant English language articles published between 1980 and 2005 were retrieved. Secondary references were obtained from key articles.

Results
Preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing assesses patient fitness, highlights those at particular risk and, combined with triage to critical care, facilitates significant improvement in surgical outcome. However, genetic factors also influence responses to increased oxygen demand, and some patients are genetically predisposed to mounting increased inflammatory responses, which raise oxygen demand further. Polymorphisms in genes influencing fitness (angiotensin converting enzyme) and immune and inflammatory responses (such as interleukin 6) may associate with surgical outcome.

Conclusions
Development of preoperative screening methods like cardiopulmonary exercise testing and genotype analysis to identify index factors may permit better patient stratification, provide targets for future tailored treatments and so improve surgical outcome.
Local recurrence after curative resection for rectal cancer is associated with anterior position of the tumour
Authors: Chan C L H , Bokey E L , Chapuis P H , Renwick A A , Dent O F 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
Mobilization of rectal cancer can be difficult if the tumour is located anteriorly and may result in a higher incidence of local recurrence. The aim of this study was to determine whether local recurrence and survival following curative resection of rectal cancer were associated with the position of the tumour.

Methods
Data were drawn from a comprehensive, prospective hospital registry of all resections for rectal cancer from January 1990 to December 1998, with follow-up to December 2003.

Results
The 5-year local recurrence rate was 15·9 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 11·0 to 22·8) per cent in 176 patients with tumours that had an anterior component compared with 5·8 (95 per cent c.i. 2·8 to 11·9) per cent in 132 patients with tumours without an anterior component (P = 0·009). This association persisted after adjustment for other factors linked to local recurrence (hazard ratio (HR) 2·4 (95 per cent c.i. 1·1 to 5·4)). Similarly, anterior position had a significant negative independent association with survival (HR 1·4 (95 per cent c.i. 1·0 to 2·00)).

Conclusion
Anterior position is an independent negative prognostic factor for both local recurrence and survival after curative resection of rectal cancer.
Letter: Systematic review of dressings and topical agents for surgical wounds healing by secondary intention (Br J Surg 2005; 92: 665-672)
Authors: Loefler I 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses can be sent electronically via the BJS website (http://www.bjs.co.uk) or by post. All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length. Letters submitted by post should be typed on A4-sized paper in double spacing and should be accompanied by a disk.
Medical student participation in surface anatomy classes
Authors: Aggarwal R. , Brough H. , Ellis H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSurface anatomy is an integral part of medical education and enables medical students to learn skills for future medical practice. In the past decade, there has been a decline in the teaching of anatomy in the medical curriculum, and this study seeks to assess the attitudes of medical students to participation in surface anatomy classes. Consequently, all first year medical students at the Guy's, King's and St Thomas's Medical School, London, were asked to fill in an anonymous questionnaire at the end of their last surface anatomy session of the year. A total of 290 medical students completed the questionnaires, resulting in an 81.6% response rate. The students had a mean age of 19.6 years (range 18–32) and 104 (35.9%) of them were male. Seventy‐six students (26.2%) were subjects in surface anatomy tutorials (60.5% male). Students generally volunteered because no one else did. Of the volunteers, 38.2% would rather not have been subjects, because of embarrassment, inability to make notes, or to see clearly the material being taught. Female medical students from ethnic minority groups were especially reluctant to volunteer to be subjects. Single‐sex classes improved the volunteer rate to some extent, but not dramatically. Students appreciate the importance of surface anatomy to cadaveric study and to future clinical practice. Computer models, lectures, and videos are complementary but cannot be a substitute for peer group models, artists' models being the only alternative. Clin. Anat. 19:627–631, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Branching patterns of the common and superficial fibular nerves in fetus
Authors: Kurtoglu Zeliha , Aktekin Mustafa , Uluutku Mehmet Haluk 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn this study, we focused on finding out whether branching patterns of the common fibular (CFN) and superficial fibular (SFN) nerves change throughout the early period of life. The popliteal fossa and legs on both sides of 20 fetuses (13 females and 7 males) were dissected. The ages of the fetuses varied between 20 and 36 weeks. The levels where the CFN diverged from the sciatic nerve, the CFN diverged to its terminal branches, and the cutaneous branches of the SFN became superficial and diverged were evaluated, together with the similarity of the patterns of these nerves on both sides. We observed that, comparing with the results of previous studies on adults, both the sciatic and the CFNs in the fetuses were diverging into their terminal branches more distally. Additionally, the SFN appeared to become superficial more proximally in the fetus than in the adult. SFN was piercing the crural fascia before diverging into its terminal branches in 29 legs. Only in 8 of them, it was becoming superficial within the middle one‐third of the leg, which was observed more frequently in males (42.9% of 14 legs) than in females (13.3% of 15 legs). But there was no statistically significant gender difference (P = 0.07). The medial dorsal cutaneous (MDCN) and intermediate dorsal cutaneous (IDCN) nerves which were piercing the crural fascia separately were observed in 27.5% of the subjects, all females. In these, MDCN was piercing the fascia superior to the level where the SPN becomes superficial, whereas the IDCN was piercing it to a level lower to this and always in the inferior one‐third of the leg. We suggest that the detailed information about the branching patterns of the CPN and SPN in early ages will be beneficial, particularly in tumor and deformity surgery. The reason for different patterns and piercing levels of the nerves may be the effect of the elongating extremity during aging that enforces the fascia and modifies its position with a more stable structure, the nerve. Clin. Anat. 19:621–626, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applications of the Colorado Visible Human Project in gastroenterology
Authors: Deutsch John C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSeveral applications of the University of Colorado Visible Human project have recently been developed in clinical gastroenterology, including a textbook of endoscopic ultrasound anatomy, an internet‐based journal, articles on internet web‐sites, and simulators. Details surrounding some of these projects are described. Clin. Anat. 19:254–257, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Split spinal cord malformation
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Salter E. George , Oakes W. Jerry 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe split spinal cord is a rare congenital malformation. We report the rare finding of a split cord malformation in a young girl. Further evaluation of this anomaly revealed a Type I split cord malformation (midline bony septation), with no other concomitant pathological entities. Various hypotheses have been made regarding the embryology of this unusual form of spinal dysraphism, and these are reviewed along with the common clinical manifestations of this intriguing pathological entity. Clin. Anat 20:15–18, 2007. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging study of cross‐sectional area of the cervical extensor musculature in an asymptomatic cohort
Authors: Elliott J.M. , Jull G.A. , Noteboom J.T. , Durbridge G.L. , Gibbon W.W. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can be regarded as the gold standard for muscle imaging; however there is little knowledge about in vivo morphometric features of neck extensor muscles in healthy subjects and how muscle size alters across vertebral segments. It is not known how body size and activity levels may influence neck muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) or if the muscles differ from left and right. The purpose of this study was to establish relative CSA (rCSA) data for the cervical extensor musculature with a reliable MRI measure in asymptomatic females within a defined age range and to determine if side–side and vertebral level differences exist. MRI of the cervical spine was performed on 42 asymptomatic female subjects within the age range of 18–45. The rCSA values for the cervical extensor muscles were measured from axial T1‐weighted images. We found significant side–side rCSA differences for the rectus capitis posterior minor, major (P < 0.001), multifidus (P = 0.002), and the semispinalis cervicis/capitis (P = 0.001, P < 0.001). There were significant vertebral level differences in rCSA of the semispinalis cervicis/capitis, multifidus, splenius capitis, and upper trapezius (P < 0.001). Activity levels were shown to impact on the size of semispinalis cervicis (P = 0.027), semispinalis capitis (P = 0.003), and the splenius capitis (P = 0.004). In conclusion, measuring differences in neck extensor muscle rCSA with MRI in an asymptomatic population provides the basis for future study investigating relationships between muscular atrophy and symptoms in patients suffering from persistent neck pain. Clin. Anat. 20:35–40, 2007. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Right‐sided vagus nerve stimulation inhibits induced spinal cord seizures
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Salter E. George , Killingsworth Cheryl , Rollins Dennis L. , Smith William M. , Ideker Raymond E. , Wellons John C. , Blount Jeffrey P. , Oakes W. Jerry 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe have previously shown that left‐sided vagus nerve stimulation results in cessation of induced spinal cord seizures. To test our hypothesis that right‐sided vagus nerve stimulation will also abort seizure activity, we have initiated seizures in the spinal cord and then performed right‐sided vagus nerve stimulation in an animal model. Four pigs were anesthetized and placed in the lateral position and a small laminectomy performed in the lumbar region. Topical penicillin, a known epileptogenic drug to the cerebral cortex and spinal cord, was next applied to the dorsal surface of the exposed cord. With the exception of the control animal, once seizure activity was discernible via motor convulsion or increased electrical activity, the right vagus nerve previously isolated in the neck was stimulated. Following multiple stimulations of the vagus nerve and with seizure activity confirmed, the cord was transected in the midthoracic region and vagus nerve stimulation performed. Right‐sided vagus nerve stimulation resulted in cessation of spinal cord seizure activity in all animals. Transection of the spinal cord superior to the site of seizure induction resulted in the ineffectiveness of vagus nerve stimulation in causing cessation of seizure activity in all study animals. As with left‐sided vagus nerve stimulation, right‐sided vagus nerve stimulation results in cessation of induced spinal cord seizures. Additionally, the effects of right‐sided vagus nerve stimulation on induced spinal cord seizures involve descending spinal pathways. These data may aid in the development of alternative mechanisms for electrical stimulation for patients with medically intractable seizures and add to our knowledge regarding the mechanism for seizure cessation following peripheral nerve stimulation. Clin. Anat. 20:23–26, 2007. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partially Reversible Adsorption of Annexin A1 on POPC/POPS Bilayers Investigated by QCM Measurements, SFM, and DMC Simulations
Authors: Kastl Katja , Menke Manuela , Lüthgens Eike , Faiß Simon , Gerke Volker , Janshoff Andreas , Steinem Claudia 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe kinetics of annexin A1 binding to solid‐supported lipid bilayers consisting of 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (POPC)/1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoserine (POPS; 4:1) has been investigated as a function of the calcium ion concentration in the bulk phase. Quartz crystal microbalance measurements in conjunction with scanning force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and computer simulations indicate that at a given Ca2+ concentration annexin A1 adsorbs irreversibly on membrane domains enriched in POPS. By contrast, annexin A1 adsorbs reversibly on the POPC‐enriched phase, which is composed of single POPS molecules embedded within a POPC matrix. The overall area occupied by the POPS‐enriched phase is controlled by the CaCl2 concentration. Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the area of the POPS‐enriched phase increases by a factor of 7 when the Ca2+ concentration is changed from 0.01 to 1 mM.
FDG‐PET in carcinoma of the uterine cervix with endometrial extension
Authors: Hope Andrew J. , Saha Paban , Grigsby Perry W. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors wished to determine whether pretreatment pathologic evidence of endometrial invasion correlated with fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) findings and outcomes in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix.METHODSPretreatment whole body FDG‐PET was performed in 58 patients with cervical carcinoma who also underwent pathologic evaluation of the endometrium by biopsy or dilation and curettage. FDG‐PET lymph node status, disease free survival, and overall survival were evaluated.RESULTSThirty seven (64%) patients had pathologic evidence of endometrial invasion. Pelvic lymph node metastases were three times more frequent in patients with evidence of endometrial invasion compared with those without endometrial invasion (70% vs. 23%,P< 0.001). Patients with endometrial invasion also had a significantly increased risk of paraaortic and supraclavicular lymph node metastases at presentation (30% vs. 0%P= 0.006). Endometrial invasion was associated with a decreased 2‐year disease‐free survival (78% vs. 58%,P= 0.046) and overall survival (92% vs. 65%,P=0.047).CONCLUSIONSEndometrial extension in cervical cancer correlated strongly with risk of FDG‐PET detected lymph node metastases in this study's population and was associated with a poor prognosis. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Core‐stateless fair rate estimation fair queuing
Authors: Li Jung‐Shian , Lin Yi‐Ting , Yang Ching‐Fang 
Published: November 2005

AbstractCore‐stateless mechanisms, such as core‐stateless fair queuing (CSFQ), reduce the complexity of fair queuing, which usually need to maintain states, manage buffers, and perform flow scheduling on a per‐flow basis. However, they require executing label rewriting and dropping decision on a per‐packet basis, thus preventing them from being widely deployed. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture based on CSFQ without per‐packet labelling. Similarly, we distinguish between edge routers and core routers. Edge routers maintain the per‐flow state by employing a fair queuing mechanism to allocate each flow a fair bandwidth share locally and a token bucket mechanism to regulate those flows with feedback packets sent from egress edge routers. Core routers do not maintain per‐flow state; they use FIFO packet scheduling extended by a fare rate alarm mechanism by estimating the arrival rate and the number of flows using a matching–mismatching algorithm. The novel scheme is called core‐stateless fair rate estimation fair queuing (CSFREFQ). CSFREFQ is proven to be capable of achieving max–min fairness. Furthermore, we present and discuss simulations and experiments on the performance under different traffic scenarios. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.