bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alloy-Tunable Single-Layer 2D Heterophase Photocatalysts for Efficient Solar Fuel Production
Authors: Jia Guohua , Chen Jiayi , Uddin Md Nasir , Liu Xiaozhi , Mao Rundong , Liu Kaili , Hsu Hsien-Yi , Su Dong , Li Yunguo , Hadar Ido , Buntine Mark , Yang Xuyong , Yin Zongyou 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Earth-abundant two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalogenate (TMD) nanosheets manifesting both polymorphic 1T’ metallic and 2H semiconducting characteristics have been demonstrated as efficient photocatalysts. Despite considerable efforts have been devoted to synthesizing such material, it is still a stunning challenge to precisely tailor the ratio of metallic and semiconducting phases within an individual single-layer 2D TMD nanosheet to maximize their potential in photocatalysis. Herein, we developed a chemical alloying strategy through incorporating W and/or Se elements into MoS2, which enables precise tuning the ratio of 1T’ and 2H phases in single-layer TMD nanosheets. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals the presence of the 1T’/2H heterophase in individual single-layer MoxW1-xS2 nanosheets. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations reveal that the tunability of 1T’ and 2H heterophase enabled through W element alloying optimize the balance of charge separation and absorption. This consequently boosts significantly the photocatalytic hydrogen production reaction from a liquid carrier of methanol, yielding a record high hydrogen generation rate of 1,426 mmole·g-1·h-1 in single-layer Mo0.21W0.79S2 nanosheets.
Effect of crystalloid co-loading infusion rate on the dose requirements of prophylactic phenylephrine for preventing hypotension following spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Min , Qian Jing , Liu Lin , Shen Yue-Ping , Xiao Fei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Intravenous fluid administration and prophylactic vasopressor infusion are main methods for prevention spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension (SAIH) in cesarean delivery. The evidence regarding the impact of different volumes of crystalloid solution on the phenylephrine infusion dosage for preventing spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension remains inconclusive. In this study, we aimed to compare the median effective dose (ED50) of phenylephrine for preventing SAIH, while 10 or 20 mL/kg/h of crystalloid solution was coloaded.
Methods
Eighty healthy partrients undergoing elective cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were enrolled in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 10 mL/kg/h (group 10) or 20 mL/kg/h (group 20) of lactated Ringer's solution. The first patient in each group received 0.5 µg/kg/min of phenylephrine infusion immediately after intrathecal injection. The dose of phenylephrine for the next patient varied with increments or decrements of 0.05 µg/kg/min based on the response of the previous patient. The ED50 of phenylephrine infusion to prevent spinal-induced hypotension for cesarean delivery were estimated using modified up-down sequential analysis with probit analysis applied as a backup sensitive analysis.
Results
The ED50 values for preventing SAIH were 0.30 µg/kg/min (95% CI, 0.29–0.32 µg/kg/min) for group 10, and 0.19 µg/kg/min (95% CI, 0.16–0.22µg/kg/min) for group 20, respectively. The estimated relative potency for phenylephrine in group 10 compared to group 20 was determined to be 1.52 (95%CI, 1.24–1.97), showing that there was a significant difference in the ED50 values between the two groups.
Conclusion
A negative correlation was found between the volume of liquid cohydration and the dose of preventive vasopressor in preventing spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension during cesarean delivery under the condition of this study. The combination of intravenous fluid administration and prophylactic vasopressor may be more suitable for the prevention of hypotension following spinal anesthesia.
Eco-anxiety: an additional burden for university students?
Authors: Tavolacci Marie-Pierre , Ladner Joel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction: To assess eco-anxiety in students and investigate a relationship with health behaviour, mental health, and environmental opinion.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among voluntary university students in the Rouen University in Normandy, France. Volunteer healthcare students aged 18 years and older were included. Eco-anxiety was assessed with the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS-13). Socio-demographics, health behavior, mental health and healthcare data were collected.
Results: A total of 1,887 students were included with 74.3% of women and a mean age of 21.1 years (SD = 6.8). The HEAS-13 mean was 13.2 (SD = 2.6): affective symptoms 4.1 (SD = 2.7), eco-rumination 3.7 (SD = 2.4), behaviour 1.0 (SD = 1.5), and anxiety about one’s personal impact on the planet 4.4 (SD = 2 .5). Respectively, 59.6% and 31.4% of students are moderately and very much involved in pro environmental-behaviour. 84.6% of students will consider environmental issues in their career choices. Eco-anxiety was associated with being a woman, being in curricula other than health, accommodation with roommates or in couple, use of cannabis, eating disorders, insomnia, emotional exhaustion, cynicism, depression, quality of life, and visiting a general practitioner for stress.
Discussion: An high eco-anxiety was associated with impaired mental health and could be an additional burden for university students. Intervention options for those that do experience eco-anxiety and suffering can be as prescribing environmental action, mental health skills, and climate change resolution without imposing the burden of change solely on young people.
Neurotransmitters’ white matter mapping unveils the neurochemical fingerprints of stroke
Authors: Alves Pedro , Nozais Victor , Hansen Justine , Corbetta Maurizio , Nachev Parashkev , Martins Isabel , de Schotten Michel Thiebaut 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Distinctive patterns of brain neurotransmission frame determinant circuits for behavior. Understanding the relationship between their damage and the cognitive impairment provoked by brain lesions could provide important insights into the pathophysiology and therapeutics of highly disabling disorders, like stroke. Yet, the challenges of neurotransmitter circuits mapping in vivo have hampered this investigation. Here, we developed a novel MRI white matter atlas of neurotransmitter circuits and created a method to chart how stroke damages neurotransmitter systems, which innovatively distinguishes pre and postsynaptic disruption. We trained and tested our model in two large stroke patient samples and showed the existence of eight clusters with different neurochemical patterns. The associations with patients’ cognitive profiles were scarce, reinforcing that a cognitive network might be affected at different neurochemical levels. These findings unravel the relationship between neurotransmitters and behavior, depict the patterns of stroke neurochemical diaschisis, and open a new window for tailored neurotransmitter modulation.
Comprehensive Glycosylation Characterization of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin by Electron-Activated Dissociation Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Li Xiang , Wang Wentao , Luo Ji , Guo Lihai , Zhou Yong , Chen Hong-Xu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is a glycoprotein that acts as the main hormone involved in regulating red blood cell production to treat anemia caused by chronic kidney disease or chemotherapy, which has three N-glycosylation sites and one O-glycosylation site. It contains a variety of different glycosylation modifications, such as sialyation, O-acetylation on sialic acids, etc, which causes a big challenge for the glycosylation analysis of rhEPO. In this study, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method combined with electron-activated dissociation (EAD) technology was used in qualitative and quantitative characterization of rhEPO N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation in just one injection. The usage of EAD not only generated abundant MS/MS fragment ions of glycopeptides and improved the MS/MS sequence coverage, but also preserved the glycans structures in the MS/MS fragment ions and the integrity of the glycosidic bond between the glycans and peptides. Three N-glycosylation sites (N24, N38 and N83) and one O-glycosylation site (S126) of rhEPO samples were successfully identified. Among them, the glycosylation ratios of N24, N38 and N83 sites were 82.7%, 100% and 100% respectively, and 15, 10 and 12 different N-glycans could be identified at the glycopeptide level. The total average number of sialic acids, N-hydroxyacetylneuraminoic acid and O-acetylation on sialic acid were 7.28, 4.21 and 0.66 at the Intact protein level, respectively. For O-glycosylation site S126, O-glycosylation ratios analyzed at the intact protein level and the glycopeptide level were 80.2% and 80.3%, respectively, and two O-glycans were identified, including Core1_S1 and Core1_S2. This study also compared the difference between the glycans and their relative contents in batch-to-batch rhEPO samples. The results proved that the workflow using EAD fragmentation in LC-MS method could be effectively applied for characterizing the glycosylation analysis of rhEPO samples and batch-to-batch consistency analysis, which would help to reasonably guide the optimization of rhEPO production process.
Mechanoactivated Amorphization and Photopolymerization of Styryldipyryliums
Authors: Han Grace , Usuba Junichi , Sun Zhenhuan , Nguyen Han , Raju Cijil , Schmidt-Rohr Klaus 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We report the mechanoactivation of photostable styryldipyrylium-based monomers, which results in their amorphization-enabled solid-state photopolymerization and produces soluble and processable amorphous polymers. A combination of solid-state NMR, X-ray diffraction, and absorption/fluorescence spectroscopy reveals the crucial role of a mechanically-disordered monomer phase in yielding polymers via photo-induced [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. Our amorphization-assisted photopolymerization technique complements the conventional topochemical photopolymerization reactions that occur exclusively in precisely-engineered photoactive crystalline states. Hence, the mechanoactivation and amorphization can expand the scope of topochemical polymerization conditions to open up opportunities in generating polymers that are otherwise difficult to synthesize and analyze.
Antireflection microstructures on ZnSe for mid- and far- IR fabricated by femtosecond laser ablation assisted with wet chemical etching
Authors: Teslenko Andrei , Konstantinova Tatiana , Bushunov Andrey , Ibragimov Artem , Rodionov Ilya , Tarabrin Mikhail 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Most infrared materials used in high-power systems, such as optical parametric generators, have high values of refractive indices, which result in high Fresnel losses. The performance of conventional antireflection coatings is limited when used in high-power and ultra-broadband systems. An alternative approach is to fabricate antireflection microstructures (ARMs) that allow for a broadband increase in transmittance without reducing the damage threshold of the material. In this work, ARMs were fabricated on the surface of ZnSe crystals using the femtosecond laser ablation assisted with wet chemical etching method. This allowed to produce high aspect ratio microstructures that increase the transmittance up to 98\% in the mid- and far- infrared regions.
Living With “Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder": A Qualitative Phenomenological Thematic Inductive Analysis on Individuals’ Phenomena Through the Lens of Online Blogging.
Authors: Suratwala T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is a relatively newly classified Eating Disorder (ED) with limited research which was mostly conducted on children and adolescents. There is a paucity of research involving adults, so there is little evidence to illustrate the impact of ARFID adulthood Lived Experiences (LEs).
Methodology:This study employed a ‘Qualitative Phenomenological Thematic Inductive Analysis’ to explore the phenomena of ARFID LEs, through the use of a virtual digital space. The study examined 10 blogs describing Adult LEs of ARFID, 8 females and 2 males, who self-reported their story narratives on ED blogging platforms.
Results: Six salient themes were pertinent to this phenomenological ARFID Lived Experience (LE) study, such as: (1) Sharing Online Personal Narratives, (2) Feelings Towards Food and Eating, (3) Awareness and Understanding of ARFID, (4) Sensory Sensitivities Towards Food, (5) Social Avoidance Whilst Eating, (6) ARFID Self-Management and Treatment. Key issues were revealed in the context of societal ignorance of ARFID e.g., social avoidance, sensory issues, and feelings towards food, but also temperature, flavour, visual impact, and odour.
Conclusions/Implications:The lack of familiarity with ARFID in society adversely affected the bloggers. The narratives also revealed a notable difference between sensory Eating Disorders (EDs) (ARFID) and those of a more psychological origin (Anorexia Nervosa, and Bulimia Nervosa). Although this study strengthened the voices of sharing LEs of ARFID, any future intervention must address the impact of ARFID, the LE emotions and the ED itself to gain greater awareness of living with this disorder.
Machine Learning and Bayesian Network Analyses Identifies Psychiatric Disorders and Symptom Associations with Insomnia in a national sample of 31,285 Treatment-Seeking College Students
Authors: Calderon Adam , Baik Seung Yeon , Ng Matthew H. S. , Fitzsimmons-Craft Ellen E. , Eisenberg Daniel , Wilfley Denise E. , Taylor C. Barr , Newman Michelle G. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background: A better understanding of the structure of relations among insomnia and anxiety, mood, eating, and alcohol-use disorders is needed, given its prevalence among young adults. Supervised machine learning provides the ability to evaluate the discriminative accuracy of psychiatric disorders associated with insomnia. Combined with Bayesian network analysis, the directionality between symptoms and their associations may be illuminated.
Methods: The current exploratory analyses utilized a national sample of college students across 26 U.S. colleges and universities collected during population-level screening before entering a randomized controlled trial. Firstly, an elastic net regularization model was trained to predict,
via repeated 10-fold cross-validation, which psychiatric disorders were associated with insomnia severity. Seven disorders were included: major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, anorexia nervosa, and alcohol use disorder. Secondly, using a Bayesian network approach, completed partially directed acyclic graphs (CPDAG) built on training and holdout samples were computed via a Bayesian hill-climbing algorithm to determine symptom-level interactions of disorders most associated with insomnia [based on SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values)] and were evaluated for stability across networks.
Results: Of 31,285 participants, 20,597 were women (65.8%); mean (standard deviation) age was 22.96 (4.52) years. The elastic net model demonstrated clinical significance in predicting insomnia severity in the training sample [R2 = .449 (.016); RMSE = 5.00 [.081]), with comparable performance in accounting for variance explained in the holdout sample [R2 = .33; RMSE = 5.47). SHAP indicated the presence of any psychiatric disorder was associated with higher insomnia severity, with major depressive disorder demonstrated to be the most associated disorder. CPDAGs showed excellent fit in the holdout sample and suggested that depressed mood, fatigue, and self-esteem were the most important depression symptoms that presupposed insomnia.
Conclusion: These findings offer insights into associations between psychiatric disorders and insomnia among college students and encourage future investigation into the potential direction of causality between insomnia and major depressive disorder.
Trial registration: Trial may be found on the National Institute of Health RePORTER website: Project Number: R01MH115128-05.
Contribution to the Study of the Antimicrobial Properties of Eucalyptus pauciflora Essential Oil and Evaluation of its Acaricidal Effect on Varroa destructor ofBees
Authors: Merabet Ghania Atmani , Hazmoune Hichem , Belkhiri Abdelmalik 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The antibacterial, antifungal, and acaricidal properties ofEucalyptus pauciflora(Ep) essential oil (EO) from the Constantine region of northeastern Algeria are investigated in this study. The plant’s dry leaves yielded 0.73%. The GC/MS analysis identified 39 compounds, with 1,8-cineole (54.45%) being the most abundant. TheE.pauciflora’s antibacterial activity was tested using the Muller Hinton agar diffusion method onEscherichia coli (E.coli),Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumonia)andPseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa) at various oil concentrations with DMSO. The diameters of the inhibition zones ranged from 6 mm to 20 mm. The plant’s antifungal power was tested against the tomato fungusFusarium oxysporum (F.oxysporum)by incorporating the product into the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) agar medium. The action of EpEO at different concentrations on mycelial growth was compared to determine inhibition rates. The rates of inhibition ranged from 39.27–84.48%. The oil’s acaricidal activity was tested on beehives infested withVarroa destructor. The biological “swaddling” or “cover crop” method was used. The oil has a statistically significant effect (p < 0.05). TheE.paucifloraEO recorded antimicrobial and acaricidal results, indicating that this plant could be used in integrated pest management against the bacteria and fungus tested and theVarroa destructormite.
Association between dietary factors and health-related quality of life in adolescents longitudinally over three years from age 11-16 years
Authors: Stewart-Knox Barbara , Bunting Brendan , Davison Jenny 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: Cross-sectional studies have linked adolescent food choices to health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This research aimed to determine the degree to which adolescent food choices are linked to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) longitudinally.
Methods: HRQoL was assessed using the Kidscreen10 and food intake using a 17-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data were collected in the UK as part of the Wellbeing in Schools (WiSe) survey. Adolescents (N=2241) (49% female, n=1112) were surveyed at age 11-12 (2014); 13-14 (2016); 15-16 years (2018).
Results: FFQ responses were reduced to five factors (junk food; fruit and vegetables; bread and dairy; meat; protein).Boys reported higher HRQoL than girls at age 13-14 and 15-16 years. Boys consumed ‘protein’ and ‘meat intake’ more frequently at all time-points. Girls reported more frequent ‘fruit and vegetable’ consumption at all time points, with intakes in boys becoming progressively less frequent at age 13-14 and 15-16 years.Cross-lagged panel modelling indicated that more frequent intake of ‘fruit and vegetables’, and ‘protein’ was associated with lower Kidscreen10 scores at baseline (age 11-12 years) and that this association strengthened through ages 13-14 and 15-16 years. Lower Kidscreen10 scores at baseline were associated with more frequent ‘bread and dairy’ intake at age 13-14 years but not at 15-16 years. No associations were observed over time between HRQoL and ‘junk food’ or ‘meat intake’.
Conclusions: These findings imply the importance of earlier diet to quality of life later in adolescence. Further research is required to understand why certain dietary factors were associated with lower HRQOL over the course of adolescence. Meanwhile, intervention to enhance HRQoL should target girls while efforts to enhance ‘fruit and vegetable’ intake should target boys.
Adaptive Composite Bandwidth and Automatic Gain Control Receiver for 6G Wireless Optical Communication
Authors: Das Bhagwan , Agbinya Johnson Ihyeh , Abdullah Mohammad Faiz Liew , Mahdi Osama A. , Ali Nawfal , Ghaffar Abdul , Gyasi-Agyei Amoakoh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The advent of 6G communication promises a transformative leap in wireless connectivity, ushering in an era of unprecedented data rates, ultra-low latency, and pervasive connectivity. To harness the full potential of 6G networks, it is imperative to address the unique challenges posed by evolving communication environments. In this context, we present a novel framework that integrates Adaptive Composite Bandwidth and Automatic Gain Control (AGC) techniques into the 6G communication paradigm. Optical wireless receivers experience large input current difference due to the large transmitted power, noise from ambient light and the varying efficiencies of different photodiode receivers. With its large dynamic range of µA to mA, transimpedance amplifiers are suitable to handle large variable photodiode efficiencies. The receiver design proposed in this article incorporates two characteristic parameter adjustments, namely bandwidth and automatic gain. By adjusting the bandwidth the signal-to-noise ratio of the incoming signal is automatically controlled. By controlling the bandwidth, the unwanted noise is reduced and amplifier output is liable to low noise and enhances the dynamic range without extra filtering. The automatic gain control adapts its gain based on slight change in the input signal at the receiver front-end. This optimization technique ensures low photo-detection and amplification noise to achieve better quality of service. The results indicate that bootstrap transimpedance amplifier gain is around 53.3 dB and frequency cut-off at 109.7 MHz. Thus, when gain control capacitance is varied between 50 pF to 1 nF, the bandwidth adjustment falls in the range 7.5-104.1 MHz, and the amplifier’s second stage gain becomes 10.4 dB. The overall gain of the proposed configuration with automatic gain control integrated into the transimpedance amplifier increases up to 31.1 dB, while the bandwidth adjusted from 9.4 MHz to 60.7 MHz. In results, gain bandwidth product is optimized from 10.4 dB to 31.1 dB. The main contribution to work is optimizing the product by selecting a capacitance value within the given range that maximizes the GBP. This value will provide the least gain-bandwidth product for effective noise reduction.