bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative analysis and back pressure optimization of the source network of the long-distance heating system
Authors: Qiao Chunzhen , Zhu YuQing , Du Xuli , Wan Kuifang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The ultra-high back pressure-low pressure cylinder cut-off combined heating system is selected as the reconstruction plan for a long-distance heating project in a city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in this paper. Based on the historical electrical and thermal load data of the thermal power plant, the source and network are analyzed in conjunction for the three heating periods of the initial cold period, the secondary cold period, and the severe cold period. On the basis of ensuring the coordination of the source and network, the operating back pressure of units #1 and #2 is optimized. The results show that: in the operation of a typical day, through the optimization adjustment of the unit back pressure, the thermal power plant saves 73.7 tons of standard coal during the initial cold period, reducing waste heat by 984.2 MW·h; during the secondary cold period, it can reduce 42.8 tons of standard coal, reducing waste heat by 326.9 MW·h; during the severe cold period, it can save 122.6 tons of standard coal on the day, reducing waste heat by 1190.8 MW·h.
Simulation research on the direct coupling of photovoltaic cells with PEM electrolytic water system
Authors: Manting Gu , Chuang Zhu , Heng Yang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The wastage of solar energy in photovoltaic plants can be mitigated by coupling photovoltaic cells with a proton exchange membrane electrolysis system. A simulation model was established in this study to simulate the direct coupling of photovoltaic cells with proton exchange membrane electrolyzers. Solar irradiance levels were measured in Qinghai, Guizhou, and Hebei. The study examined the fluctuation of photovoltaic cell output currents in various regions and their influence on water electrolysis. The results revealed that Qinghai and Guizhou exhibit favorable natural conditions for hydrogen production due to their high solar irradiance levels during winter days, measuring 8440.09 Wh/m2 8744.50 Wh/m2 respectively. Even at low current densities, photovoltaic cells can be readily integrated into electrolysis systems to store surplus electricity in the form of hydrogen energy. The research findings can serve as a reference for devising operational strategies for direct coupling systems in various regions and climatic conditions.
Multi-objective optimization of thermoelectric conversion systems by RSM and NSGA-II
Authors: Zhang Qianren , Wang Wei , Zhang Tong , Zuo Zhengxing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A thermoelectric module directly converts heat into electricity. However, optimizing the thermoelectric conversion system (TECS) to maximize the power output is necessary. In addition to improvements in the thermoelectric materials and modules, improvements in the spatial layout of the TECS are equally important to achieve its high performance. This study is intended to investigate the effect of different spatial parameters in TECS. A computer model was designed to simulate the performance of the TECS. This paper investigates the impact of three key factors on the performance of a thermoelectric system: the thermocouple duty cycle, the spacing of thermoelectric modules, and the number of modules. These factors are combined with a Response Surface Model (RSM) and a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) to develop a fast method for optimizing the system’s performance. This method saves significant time for simulation calculations without compromising computational accuracy.
Research on the impact of the irregular stern on the flow field in high-altitude numerical simulation
Authors: Hou Liang , Zhang Benben , Zhao Hao , Tang Zhili 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Numerical simulation of a high-altitude chamber is a preliminary step for ground testing of a high-altitude chamber. In this paper, the three-dimensional simulation model is established based on the real structure of a high-altitude chamber and aero-engine with an irregular stern, and then the three-dimensional numerical simulation is carried out to obtain the flow field characteristics in the chamber and the engine performance data under different working conditions. The calculation results show that the irregular stern structure can effectively reduce the backflow area inside the chamber, but it will lead to an increase in the unevenness of pressure and temperature distribution inside the chamber. The irregular stern structure can also cause a loss of 1.138% to 1.925% in engine thrust.
Cooling of Gas Turbine Blades With Co2
Authors: Toledo Velázquez Miguel , Alfonso Moreno Pacheco Luis , Toledo García Mónica , Omar Torres Aguirre Rubén 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The work analyses cooling main flow problems to boring blades by film cooling. Also, these characteristics were made from Co2 that can be used like cooling flow or secondary flow to be mixed in the main flow of combustion gases to come from the combustion chamber and go to the first stage of the gas turbine.
Compressional and shear wave velocity dispersion modelling in a fluid-saturated sample rock: An Approach to Analyzing the Presence of Fluids in Celestial Bodies.
Authors: Meléndez-Martínez Jaime 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, Chapman’s squirt flow models and the Self-Consistent (SC) approach are applied to pressure-and frequency-dependent experimental velocity measurements from a brine-saturated sandstone specimen to investigate acoustic scattering and Wave-Induced Fluid Flow (WIFF) processes, which may cause velocity dispersion in compressional (P) and shear (S) waves. Attenuation for both P and S waves is then calculated based on the modeled velocities. The primary mechanism driving velocity dispersion and attenuation in the investigated specimens appears to be WIFF, as indicated by the estimated percentage discrepancies between the theoretical models and experimental data. The methodologies presented here could potentially be used to infer the presence of fluids and pore structure in samples obtained from celestial bodies by modeling the frequency-dependent velocities experimentally measured in such samples.
Predictive models for the surface roughness and subsurface damage depth of semiconductor materials in precision grinding
Authors: Gao Shang , Wang Haoxiang , Huang Han , Dong Zhigang , Kang Renke 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Workpiece rotational grinding is widely used in the ultra-precision machining of hard and brittle semiconductor materials, including single-crystal silicon, silicon carbide, and gallium arsenide. Surface roughness and subsurface damage depth (SDD) are crucial indicators for evaluating the surface quality of these materials after grinding. Existing prediction models lack general applicability and do not accurately account for the complex material behavior under grinding conditions. This paper introduces novel models for predicting both surface roughness and SDD in hard and brittle semiconductor materials. The surface roughness model uniquely incorporates the material’s elastic recovery properties, revealing the significant impact of these properties on prediction accuracy. The SDD model is distinguished by its analysis of the interactions between abrasive grits and the workpiece, as well as the mechanisms governing stress-induced damage evolution. The surface roughness model and SDD model both establish a stable relationship with the grit depth of cut (GDC). Additionally, we have developed an analytical relationship between the GDC and grinding process parameters. This, in turn, enables the establishment of an analytical framework for predicting surface roughness and SDD based on grinding process parameters, which cannot be achieved by previous models. The models were validated through systematic experiments on three different semiconductor materials, demonstrating excellent agreement with experimental data, with prediction errors of 6.3% for surface roughness and 6.9% for SDD. Additionally, this study identifies variations in elastic recovery and material plasticity as critical factors influencing surface roughness and SDD across different materials. These findings significantly advance the accuracy of predictive models and broaden their applicability for grinding hard and brittle semiconductor materials.
Oppressive Praise
Authors: Holroyd Jules 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces the phenomenon of oppressive praise via a series of cases: cases of the ‘daddy dividend’, putatively helpful men, and superficial allies, through which we see that praise can have a range of sexist, racist, and ableist contours. Praise can contribute to forms of oppression such as marginalization, cultural imperialism, exploitation, and powerlessness. The resources provided by existing theories of moral responsibility—appealing to desert or consequences—cannot adequately diagnose what is going wrong in these cases. The chapter presents a better diagnosis, in terms of the stereotype-informed expectations that underpin such expressions of praise, and their normative and causal connections to oppression. It then considers what might be needed to remedy oppressive praise, setting out the tasks for the rest of the book.
Special Operations Success
Authors: Kiras James D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
James D. Kiras establishes a new benchmark in military theory in this deeply analytic and innovative work. In it, he answers several pressing questions: how successful have American special operations been over the past quarter-century? Are special forces fated to cycles of expansion and misuse? Will special forces invariably exceed the authorities granted to them because of who they are and what they do? Is a general theory of special operations feasible given the range of activities and conditions that fall under the category? The book is based on two decades of practical experiences, teaching, and consulting experience within different special operations communities. Its analysis and conclusions are designed to inform practitioners, policy makers, educators, and the general public. It develops a framework, in the form of a theory comprising capabilities and control, for comprehensively evaluating special operations success. It contains more than twenty figures, maps, and illustrations to aid in the process. The book is divided into three parts. Part I lays the foundation for a general theory of special operations by looking at previous waves of scholarship, as well as historical special operations precedents stretching back into ancient history. Part II explores the two component parts of theory, capabilities and control, and expands our understanding of the former as well as the civil-military conceptualizations of the latter. Each become the basis for a triad that, when merged and animated by elements of strategy, form a dynamic theory and framework to evaluate special operations success. Part III uses various aspects of the theory, depending on available information, to assess the success of special operations over a twenty-year period in the United Kingdom, South Africa, and the United States.
Strategies Used by Developed Countries Away from the Negotiating Table
Authors: Das Abhijit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Using specific episodes in multilateral trade negotiations at GATT and WTO spanning four decades, this chapter examines some of the strategies and tactics deployed by the developed countries away from the negotiating table. These include forum shifting, suitable framing of issues, influencing negotiations through research, using policy instruments to browbeat developing countries, dangling the carrot and threatening with the stick, Quislings to influence negotiating positions of developing countries, using decoys to peep and pry and crafting a better alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA). While many of these strategies are relevant after negotiations have formally commenced, a few of them assume salience even prior to the start of negotiations. Some of these strategies may be extremely sensitive and controversial, as these clearly encroach on the sovereignty of nations. This chapter throws light on some of the strategies which have remained in the shadows behind a cloak of secrecy. It concludes by briefly discussing why most developing countries may not be in a position to deploy these strategies.
Davids Join Hands to Take on Goliath in the Battle on Agriculture
Authors: Das Abhijit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Agriculture has remained one of the most contested issues in the multilateral trade negotiations at the GATT and the WTO. High stakes were involved for both developed and developing countries on the negotiations on the Agreement on Agriculture during the Doha Round of WTO negotiations. Retaining the right to subsidize their agriculture and agri-business but seeking to prise open the markets of developing countries was the main objective of the USA-EU combine. On the other hand, many developing countries sought to convince the developed countries to cut their agriculture subsidies, while seeking to protect their own farmers from subsidised imports from other countries.
With the USA and the EU joining hands on this issue to protect their interests during the Doha Round of negotiations, developing countries were yet again at the risk of being compelled to agree to trade rules that were against their interest. This chapter describes the crisis that confronted developing countries in WTO agriculture negotiations and how it resulted in the creation of G-20, a coalition of developing countries. It provides a fascinating account of how this coalition, led by Brazil and India, overcame the power asymmetry and turned the tables on the USA-EU combine. This chapter brings out the negotiating strategies deployed by the G-20 coalition and draws valuable lessons for creating and nurturing an effective coalition at the negotiating table.
Conclusion
Authors: Myers Matt 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The conclusion outlines how the left had more options available to it than supposed during the 1970s. Economic constraints were very powerful but alone cannot explain why the major workers’ parties disempowered their core supporters when they still had the capacity to resist. The longer-term development of Fordism provided the conditions for a short-term crisis where radically different outcomes were believed possible. It describes how the European left ceased to play the same role after the 1970s. It establishes how the protracted and uneven decline of the left which followed these years was about more than the re-emergence of longstanding internal political and organisational divisions. The book concludes by emphasising that historical analogies should remind us that all crises are preludes to new forms of politics, and even progress.
Reimbursement for services provided by clinical pharmacists in primary care: Description of changes over time in an academic primary care network in Ohio following the recognition of pharmacists as providers
Authors: Coffey Cory P , Barnes Kelli D , Tayal Neeraj H , Jonas Daniel E , Beatty Stuart J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
In January 2021, Ohio pharmacists were recognized by Medicaid as providers, became eligible to obtain Medicaid provider identification numbers, and were able to begin billing for services using evaluation and management codes. The objectives of this study were to compare outcomes before (2020) and after (2021 and 2022) pharmacist provider status was implemented in a network of primary care clinics: (1) the percent change in pharmacist-provided services that were billed and reimbursed, 2) the percent change in pharmacist-provided services that were billed as “incident-to” versus with the pharmacist as provider, and (3) the percent change in reimbursement per encounter as a result of pharmacist-provided services.

Methods
A retrospective review of all encounters and administrative claims (all payors) provided by pharmacists (7.9 full-time equivalents) within 7 primary care clinics affiliated with a large academic medical center was conducted. The data were compared year-to-year using descriptive statistics to determine the magnitude of change.

Results
A total of 14,416 encounters were included in the study (1,863 in 2020, 4,963 in 2021, and 7,590 in 2022). In 2020, 37.8% (705/1,863) of pharmacist encounters were billed for reimbursement. In 2021, this percentage increased to 39.1% (1,939/4,963) encounters, with a further increase in 2022 to 49.1% (3,725/7,590). Differences in the percentage of pharmacist encounters billed as incident-to versus pharmacist as provider were also evident, with 37.8% (705/1,863) of pharmacist encounters billed incident-to in 2020, as compared to 36.8% (2,796/7,590) in 2022. In this same time period, mean reimbursement for pharmacist-as-provider encounters increased by 189.5% (from $10.45 to $30.25) per encounter, and the number of pharmacist-as-provider encounters increased year over year (from 0% [0/1863] in 2020 to 1.1% [54/4,963] in 2021 and 12.3% [929/7,590] in 2022; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
This study found an increase in the billing and reimbursement attributable to clinical pharmacists in primary care settings in Ohio after their recognition as providers.
Interleukin-37 attenuates aortic valve lesions by inhibiting N6-methyladenosine-mediated interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M degradation
Authors: Xian Gaopeng , Huang Rong , Hu Dongtu , Xu Minhui , Chen Yangchao , Ren Hao , Xu Dingli , Zeng Qingchun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) has become an increasingly important global medical problem without effective pharmacological intervention. Accumulating evidence indicates that aortic valve calcification is driven by inflammation. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAK-M) is a well-known negative regulator of inflammation, but its role in CAVD remains unclear.

Methods and results
Here, we stimulated aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) with low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the inflammatory response in aortic valve calcification and observed the expression pattern of IRAK-M. Furthermore, we generated IRAK-M−/− mice to explore the effect of IRAK-M deficiency on the aortic valve in vivo. Additionally, overexpression and knockdown experiments were performed to verify the role of IRAK-M in AVICs. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) level of IRAK-M, and recombinant interleukin (IL)-37-treated AVICs were used to determine the regulatory relationship between IL-37 and IRAK-M. We found that IRAK-M expression was upregulated in the early stages of inflammation as part of a negative feedback mechanism to modulate the immune response. However, persistent inflammation increased overall m6A levels, ultimately leading to reduced IRAK-M expression. In vivo, IRAK-M−/− mice exhibited a propensity for aortic valve thickening and calcification. Overexpression and knockdown experiments showed that IRAK-M inhibited inflammation and osteogenic responses in AVICs. In addition, IL-37 restored IRAK-M expression by inhibiting m6A-mediated IRAK-M degradation to suppress inflammation and aortic valve calcification.

Conclusion
Our findings confirm that inflammation and epigenetic modifications synergistically regulate IRAK-M expression. Moreover, IRAK-M represents a potential target for mitigating aortic valve calcification. Meanwhile, IL-37 exhibited inhibitory effects on CAVD development both in vivo and in vitro, giving us hope that CAVD can be treated with drugs rather than surgery.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Feature-Tracking in Olympic Athletes: a myocardial deformation analysis
Authors: Monosilio Sara , Prosperi Silvia , Filomena Domenico , Lemme Erika , Di Gioia Giuseppe , Mango Ruggiero , Netti Lucrezia , Tonti Giovanni , Pedrizzetti Gianni , Gualdi Gianfranco , Squeo Maria Rosaria , Pelliccia Antonio , Maestrini Viviana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Athlete’s heart induces extreme cardiovascular remodelling, generating challenges for the differential diagnosis with early stages of cardiomyopathies. Advanced cardiac function analysis could be helpful, but data on healthy athletes and the impact of sports disciplines are lacking.

Aim
To describe myocardial deformation by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in a cohort of Olympic athletes and to evaluate possible differences based on sports disciplines and sex.

Methods
A group of Olympic athletes with normal cardiovascular evaluation and a group of sedentary controls matched for age and sex underwent CMR without contrast administration. Cine-images were post-processed for volumes and function evaluation and to assess bi-ventricular myocardial deformation parameters, as left ventricular global longitudinal and circumferential strain (LV-GLS and -GCS) and right ventricular GLS, by a dedicated feature-tracking (FT) software. Athletes were divided according to ESC sports classification and sex.

Results
Three hundred Olympic athletes (13% skill, 20% power, 25% mixed, 42% endurance, 58% male) and 42 untrained controls were enrolled. No significant differences were found between LV-GLS, -GCS, and RV-GLS when comparing different sports categories, except for a slightly lower LV-GLS in the endurance group compared to the skill one (p=0.045). Athletes showed slightly lower biventricular ejection fraction (p&lt;0.001) and LV-GCS (p&lt;0.001) than sedentary controls, while only endurance athletes showed significant differences in LV- and RV-GLS versus the sedentary group (p=0.002 and p=0.001). Female athletes showed higher bi-ventricular GLS than males (p&lt;0.001 for LV- and RV-GLS).

Conclusions
Our results provided for the first time CMR-FT strain values in a large cohort of Olympic athletes free of cardiovascular abnormalities, according to type of sports. Endurance athletes showed the lowest LV-GLS values being significantly different versus skill and sedentary controls. No other significant differences in myocardial deformation parameters between sports categories were found, but only based on sex.