bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Substituent Groups on Nuclear Reactivity in Formation of Substituted Biphenyls through Reactions of Aromatic Diazo and Cognate Compounds with Aromatic Liquids. III. The Substitution of Nitrobenzene by the p-Anisyl Radical
Authors: Simamura Osamu , Migita Toshihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The decomposition of N-nitroso-p-acetanisidide in nitrobenzene at room temperature yielded 4-methoxy-4′-nitrobiphenyl and 4-methoxy-2′-nitrobiphenyl in a ratio of 1: 1. 6. From the result of a similar experiment in a mixture of nitrobenzene and benzene, which compete for the p-anisyl radical produced from N-nitroso-p-acetanisidide, the relative reactivities of the ortho, meta and para positions of nitrobenzene towards the p-anisyI radical are found to be 7.24, 0, and 8.95, respectively, the reactivity of one nuclear position of benzene towards the same radical being taken as unity.
On the Relation Between Viscosity and Critical Micelle Concentration of Detergent Solutions. II. Viscosity and Diffusion Coefficient of Non-ionic Detergent Solutions
Authors: Okuyama Haruhiko , Tyuzyo Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Partial specific volume, viscosity, diffusion coefficient of the aqueous solutions of non-ionic detergents are measured.
(2) ηsp/C becomes minimum at CMC and this concentration is quite consistent with the concentration where diffusion coefficient varies suddenly. It is interesting that this is the common phenomenon for ionic and non-ionic detergents.
(3) The form of ηsp0/C0 vs C0-Curve is analogous to that described in the first report and the second CMC (C2) is also obtained but some abnormality occurs in the part of low concentrations for the substance of which CMC is high.
(4) After the completion of micelle formation, diffusion coefficient stays constant and is independent of concentration which suggests that micellar volume is constant and independent of concentration.
(5) The influence of an electrolyte on the diffusion is examined and a new idea of the mechanism of “salting out” is proposed.
(6) Micellar molecular weight is calculated from the diffusion coefficient assuming that a micelle is spherical.
Studies on the Degradation of Yeast Ribonucleic Acid by Lanthanum Hydroxide. On the Existence of a Resistant Fraction
Authors: Shimomura Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Yeast ribonucleic acid is, as reported in the previous paper, hydrolysed almost completely into nucleosides and inorganic phosphate by lanthanum hydroxide, but the remaining fraction is considerably resistant to the action of the hydroxide.
2. Purine-bound ribose/RNA-p ratio of the resistant fraction is about 1.
3. Even after the treatment with ribonuclease, dephosphorylation of the resistant fraction by lanthanum hydroxide is not easy.
4. The ribonuclease resistant fraction is dephosphorylated by lanthanum hydroxide as easily as ribonucleic acid itself.
Stoichiometric Investigations of the Liquid State. I. The Relation between the Sound Velocity and the Chemical Structure. (1). The Physical Meaning of the Molar Sound Velocity of the Unassociated Liquid
Authors: Tyuzyo Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The physical meaning of Rao’s molar sound velocity (K) is given.
(2) It is found that K-values calculated from the theory are independent of temperature in the case of normal liquids.
(3) It is found that the calculated K-values are satisfactorily coincident with the observed ones for normal liquids (aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ether, acetone, esters, alkyl halides).
Studies on the Condensation Polymers of Aromatic Acetoxy Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Hasegawa Hajime 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
We carried out a fundamental research for synthesizing high polymers of aromatic acetoxy carboxylic acid, and observed the influence of the position of the acetoxy group, and found that m-acetoxy benzoic acid, 3, 5-diacetoxy benzoic acid and 2, 4-diacetoxy benzoic acid, are superior as the monomer for the preparation of high polymers of aromatic acetoxy carboxylic acid.
Surface Chemistry of Synthetic Protein Analogues. IV. On the Monolayers of Electrolytic Synthetic Polypeptides, Poly-l-Glutamic Acid and the Copolypeptide of l-Lysine, l-Leucine and l-Glutamic Acid
Authors: Isemura Toshizo , Hamaguchi Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The surface pressure and surface viscosity of the spread monolayers of the copolypeptide of l-lysine, l-leucine and l-glutamic acid and of poly-l-glutamic acid were measured in relation to substrate pH.
The copolypeptide of l-lysine, l-leucine and l-glutamic acid.—The F—A curves in the range of pH 5.8 and 9.4 were of condensed type, but at both outsides of this pH range they were of expanded type. The area at constant pressure or surface viscosity against pH curves were of W-shape and a maximum appeared at pH 7. That the iso-electric point of the copolypeptide may lie at pH 7 was concluded from the observations of the monolayer properties. The W-shaped curve could be interpreted in terms of the ionization degree of amino and carboxyl groups. At the isoelectric point, pH 7, the surface viscosity became maximum. This is in contrast to the bulk viscometric behaviour of polyampholytes.
Poly-l-glutamic acid.—The area at constant pressure or surface viscosity and the pressure at constant area decreases rapidly if the pH of the substrate exceeds 4.6. This fact corresponds to the viscometric behaviour of electrolytic polypeptides in solution, i. e., when the elongation of a molecule by the electrical repulsion of ionized groups occurs, the rapid increase in viscosity and in solubility appears in solution and at monolayer, respectively.
Investigation on the Molecular Structure of Monochloroacetamide by Gas Electron Diffraction and Dipole Moment
Authors: Kimura Masao , Aoki Michiro , Kurita Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The structure of monochloroacetamide was determined by gas electron diffraction as follows: C–Cl = 1.75Å, ∠=113°, N···Cl=2.89Å, and the twisted angle from the cis configuration is about 15°. The structure of the part corresponding to acetamide is nearly equal to that of aceta-mide with an intermolecular hydrogen bond. This suggests that a monochlorocetamide molecule has an intra molecular hydrogen bond.
2) The dipole moment of monochloro-acetamide was estimated to be 2.2D∼2.8 D from the measurement in benzene solution. The observed value was compared with the calculated one. The result agrees with that obtained by electron diffraction in regard to the position of C–Cl bond. The agreement becomes better if the effect of an intramolecuar hydrogen bond is taken into account.
Studies on Foams. VIII Effects of Alcohols on the Foaminess of Soap Solutions
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki , Shinoda K\={o}z\={o} 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Foaminess of soap solution increases with the increasing concentration up to the C.M.C., and then becomes nearly constant. In homologous series, K-C12 or K-C13 show the greatest foaminess at ordinary temperature. Foaminess of alcohol solution is much smaller than the soap solution. In homologous series of alcohols higher than C5-OH, the higher foams poorer. For the mixed solution of two soaps, the foaminess becomes smaller when the ratio of lower soap is larger.
The effects of homologous series of alcohols on soap solution are measured and three types are observed: defoaming by solvent effect (by C2-∼C4-OH for K-C10) is observed at logCOH/Cs = 0∼2; foam promoting action (C5-∼C10-OH for K-C10 and C2-∼-C6-OH for K-C6) at logCOH/Cs = 3∼0: and defoaming by preferential adsorption (C11-OH for K-C10 and C8-∼C10-OH for K-C6) at log COH/Cs=\bar5∼\bar3. These three effects are correlated with each other.
Enzymatic Reduction of Aromatic Nitro, Nitroso and Hydroxyl amino Compounds
Authors: Yamashina Ikuo , Shikata Shogo , Egami Fujio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) A cell-free enzyme preparation of a halotolerant bacterium activates aromatic nitroso and hydroxylamino compounds as well as nitro compounds and accelerates their reduction by hydrogen donator systems.
2) The enzymatic reduction of nitroso and hydroxylamino was more strongly inhibited by cyanide and azide than that of nitro.
3) Methylene blue, which can not be used as an intermediary hydrogen carrier in the case of nitro reduction, can be used in the cases of nitroso and hydroxylamino reduction.
4) From these facts, we have been led to the consideration that there exist special enzymes such as nitroso-reductase and hydroxylamino-reductase besides nitro-reductase.
5) Azoxy, azo, and hydrazo compound cannot be reduced by the enzyme preparation.
6) From the studies of reaction velocity and paper chromatography of the intermediates and the end products, we proposed a scheme concerning the enzymatic reduction of nitro to amino, namely:
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
Alkylalkoxypolysiloxanes. I. Ethylethoxypolysiloxanes
Authors: Okawara Rokuro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Ethylethoxypolysiloxanes have been prepared by a thermal reaction of ethylethoxychlorosilanes and ethyltriethoxysilane.
(2) Linear ethylethoxypolysiloxanes containing from 2 to 4 silicon atoms have been prepared and characterized.
(3) Certainly, a small amount of ethylethoxycyclopolysiloxanes were formed by the thermal reaction but they could not be isolated.
Rheology of Surface Films. III. A New Type of Surface Rheometer using Electromagnetic Driving Technique
Authors: Inokuchi Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to establish the standard set of surface rheometry, which involves the rheological measurement of films at liquid surface, a new type of surface rheometer was devised using electromagnetic driving technique. The advantage of this apparatus lies not only in its ease of operation and simplicity of construction, but also in its accessibility to various sorts of measurement. In addition, the wide range of measurement and remote control of operation provide a practical advantage for the experiment of surface films.
Sorption of Gases on Evaporated Nickel Films. I. Sorption of Oxygen
Authors: Oda Zenjir\={o} 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
While the sorptions of oxygen on the evaporated nickel films are very fast at the early stage and become slow at the later independently of the temperature, oxygen is suppoted to invade the interior even at the early stage of sorption. On the other hand, at the later stage the rate-determining step of low-temperature-sorption is different from that of room-temperature-sorption.
Studies on Dimethylglyoximo cobalt(III) Complexes. 1. The Preparation and Some Properties of Tris-(dimethylglyoximo)-cobalt(III)
Authors: Nakahara Akitsugu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tris-(dimethylglyoximo)-cobalt(III) was newly synthesized by making use of dipotassium dimethylglyoximate. The crystals are quite stable in the atmosphere similarly to other so-called luteo-complexes, and orangeyellow in color. It is soluble in organic solvents, e.g., chloroform, alcohol and dioxane, as well as in water, but insoluble in benzene and acetone.
The absorption spectrum of this compound in aqueous solution was measured, and it was concluded that dimethylglyoxime is a considerably hypsochromic ligand.
Some discussions concerning the stabilities of bis-(dimethylglyoximo)-cobalt(III) complexes were given and they reached the following conclusions: (1) the distinguished stability of bis-(dimethylglyoximo)-derivatives is probably due to the O–H–O hydrogen bonds which are expected for the planar configuration of two dimethylglyoximic ions, and (2) the synthesis of tris-(dimethylglyoximo)-cobalt(III) can be successfully achieved only by interrupting the formation of those hydrogen bonds in the course of co-ordination of the ligands.
Reactivity of Coke. III. Effects of Some Metallic Additions on the Surface Area of Cokes from Humic Acid and on the Absolute Reaction Rates of the Coke-Carbon Dioxide System
Authors: Kawana Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The surface area of cokes from humic acid and metal-humates and the absolute reaction rates of these cokes to carbon dioxide at various temperatures have been determined by the same method and procedure as those described in the first paper.
The specific surface area of cokes from metal-humates are about two or five times larger than the coke from humic acid, and this increase is expected from the well-known fact that when carbonaceous materials are carbonized with inorganic salt an increase in the surface area is obtained.
The specific reaction rates per unit surface area Ka of these cokes and carbon dioxide can be expressed by an equation
K_a=A exp. (-E/RT),
and the values of A and activation energies E have been determined. The activation energies of cokes from humic acid, Ca- and Mg-humates are about 95 kcal./mol. and a large difference is not seen among them, but those of cokes from Fe-, Al- and Na-humates are about 25-40 kcal./mol. smaller than H-coke. The experimental values of A for cokes from humic acid, Ca- and Mg-humate are in satisfactory agreement with those expected from the application of the absolute reaction rates theory to the reaction mechanism already presented in the first paper, but those of A for cokes from Fe-, Al- and Na-humate are much smaller than expected from the theory. These results may be considered to indicate that the more complicated reaction must be occurring for cokes from Fe-, Al- and Nahumates. Calcium and magnesium impurities have effects of decreasing the specific reaction rates per unit surface area of the coke from humic acid to carbon dioxide and on the other hand, aluminium, especially iron and sodium impurities at lower temperatures have great effects of increasing the specific reaction rates. The effects of these sodium and iron impurities agree well with the earlier results and the present results also confirm that the catalytic effects of impurities in coke play an important role in the absolute reaction rates of the coke-carbon dioxide system, which was assumed in previous papers.
By considering the effects of metallic impurities on both the specific surface area of cokes from humic acid and the specific reaction rates per unit surface area of the coke with carbon dioxide, all metallic impurities investigated increase the relative reactivity of the coke from humic acid and for example, sodium impurities increase the apparent reactivity of the coke about 103 times at 700°C.
Thermionic Emission from Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis. I. Electron Microscopic Images of the Catalysts
Authors: Uchida Hiroshi , Todo Naoyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electronic images have been observed on 5 types of the catalysts for ammonia synthesis, which are different in promotercomposition. On heating the oxides from 750 to 900°C, the images of different kinds which were characterized by their respective promoters compositions appeared after a few minutes. On reduction, some of the images remained, while the others disappeared, and during the periods of five to thirty minutes of the reduction, the images turned to the respective characteristic ones again, sometimes being quite different from those of the oxides. On the additional observations, a part of the images weakened or disappeared and rather the homogeneous images over the whole sections became to be observed by raising thetemperature.
Comparing the image with the optical, the net work of the emission after the reduction corresponds to cracks on the section. When the microscopic structure of the section thoroughly polished and etched with hydrochloric acid is adopted for comparison with the above optical image, grain boundaries in the oxide always correspond to the cracks. Therefore, the electronic images on the oxide are not always related to the grain boundaries.
Qualitative explanations on respective promoting effect of alumina, lime and silica are yielded from view point of the electronic image.
It has been proved from the observations of the electronic as well as the optical images that there are the following 3 types of regions which are rich in potash, i.e. the grain boundaries, particular interfacial grains and some of the sub-grains into which the parent grains are divided. When references are made to the results of the activity for ammonia synthesis, surface area and etc., together with that by H. Kobayashi who has described that the activity is greatly enhanced by the larger amount of potash insoluble in water, the estimation shows that probably potash existing in the sub-grains above may most contribute to the activity for ammonia synthesis.
The Alternating Current Polarisation with Respect to Hetero-Pair Electrodes
Authors: Nagaura Shigeo , Sasaki Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) We attempted to prove that the polarisation characters, being measured as to a whole cell, can be attributed to each single electrode. This attempt was verified by most of the experiments.
2) The above success may be one of the experimental justifications to use a simple series circuit as the equivalent circuit of a conductivity cell.
3) Discordant results appearing in “n/100 measurements” are to be studied in more details.
Deformation of the Regenerated Cellulose Fibers III. Deformation and Refractive Indices of Air-Dried Filament
Authors: Okajima Saburo , Hayama Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Deformation of the dried filament can be expressed in the term of the first theory of Kratky on the whole as in the case of swollen filament. And this behavior is not affected by the slight change of the spinning conditions of the filament such as the temperature and the composition of the cellulose solution. But in the case of the filament dried in the less humid air the orientation occurs more prominently in the early stage of the stretching but soon follows the above deformation mechanism.
This drying effect will illustrate the variation seen in the previous paper. Of course it is noteworthy that the value of l0d changes a few percent with the variation of the air humidity during measuring and, therefore, this factor must be taken into consideration when l0d and l2d are read under the different air conditions. Some of our older data are thought to contain small fuctuations due to this fact.
Studies on the Molecular Structures of Some Cyanuric Compounds by Electron Diffraction
Authors: Akimoto Yûmi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The molecular structure of cyanuric chloride and melamine were investigated by the electron diffraction. The following values were obtained by the analysis based on D3h symmetry of the molecules: C-Nr=1.33±0.02 Å, C-Cl=1.68±0.03 Å, and ∠Nr-C-Nr=125±3° for cyanuric chloride: C-Nr=1.34±0.01 Å, C-N0=1.37±0.03 Å, and ∠NrC-Nr=123±3° for melamine assuming No-H=1.04 Å, ∠C-No-H=∠H-N0-H=120°, and the coplanarity of all atoms.
2. Simple MO calculations were applied for both molecules as well as for sym-trichlorobenzene and sym-triaminobenzene. The resulted molecular diagrams were discussed together with the data obtained in the present experiment.
Polarographic Studies on Heterocyclic Compounds. II. Saponification of Isonicotinic Acid Methyl Ester
Authors: Nagata Yoshinosuke , Tachi Isamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Isonicotinic acid methyl ester gives a single reduction wave and the half-wave potential shifts to more negative potential with increasing pH.
(2) Isonicotinic acid methyl ester is saponified in the alkaline medium and the velocity constant of saponification is determined polarographically on the basis of the second order reaction equation.
(3) The velocity constant is scarcely influenced by the addition of neutral salts, but increases with rising temperature. The activation energy of saponification is calculated according to the Arrhenius equation.
A Physico-chemical Study on the Hydrolysis of Thorium Nitrate
Authors: Pan Kuan , Hseu Tong Ming 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The dilution effect on the pH change in a dilute solution and in the presence of sodium perchlorate was followed by a glass electrode.
2) A linear relationship is held between pH and −logC. The curves plotting pH vs. −logC run parallel with each other at varying ionic strengths, and the slope is nearly equal to 1/2 by which the most possible existence of Th(OH)+3 is pressumed.
3) The equilibrium constants for ion species, ThOH+3 and Th(OH)2+2, are calculated stoichiometrically from the data of hydronium ion concentration observed and the total concentration of thorium nitrate.
Dipole Moments of 2,3-Dihalogeno-2,3-dimethylbutanes
Authors: Morino Yonezo , Miyagawa Ichiro , Haga Toshio , Mizushima San-ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dipole moments of 2,3-dichloro- and 2,3-dibromo-dimethylbutane were measured in carbon tetrachloride solution in the temperature range from −25° to +55°C, and in benzene solutions at 25°C. The moment was found to increase with temperature in carbon tetrachloride solution. Much higher values of moment were observed in benzene solutions. It was concluded from these experimental results that there exist two rotational isomers, the trans isomer with vanishing or a small moment, and the gauche isomer with a finite moment. The experimental result could be explained satisfactorily by the rotational isomer theory, but not on the assumption of only one potential trough at the trans position.
By comparing the energy difference between the rotational isomers of these compounds with those of 1,2-dichloro- and 1,2-dibromoethane it was concluded that the electrostatic force plays an important role in the energy difference between the rotational isomers, whereas the potential barrier is mainly determined by steric repulsion.
An explanation was presented to reconcile the result of our dipole measurement with that of Raman and infrared measurement, the two results being in apparent contradiction with each other.
A Rapid Determination of Oxidation Values of Non-Volatile Organic Compounds by the Iodic Acid Decomposition Method
Authors: Ohashi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new method has been developed to permit accurate and rapid determination of oxidation values of organic compounds. The oxidation value of a compound can be readily obtained by determining the iodine produced from the reaction of the organic compound and potassium iodate in strong phosphoric acid. The iodine produced is absorbed into the sodium arsenite solution and the excess arsenite is titrated with the standard solution of iodine.
The apparatus and procedures for this method have been investigated. According to the data obtained on some pure nonvolatile organic compounds, utilizing sample weights of 10 to 80 mg., it is indicated that this method is very accurate and an analysis can be accomplished as rapidly as in twenty to thirty minutes.
Decrease of the Surface Area of Raney-type Catalysts in the Aluminium dissolution Process
Authors: Sato Masaki , Ohta Nobuto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Variations of the surface area in the dissolution process were investigated on a Raney copper catalyst “No. 16” (for dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol) and a Raney nickel catalyst.
It has been found that nascent bare atoms of copper or nickel formed at the initial step move rapidly, perhaps particularly in alkali solution, to reconfigurate the surface-structure to a more stable one.
That is to say, the surface area reaches a maximum at an initial step, where only a small quantity of aluminium is dissolved out, then rapidly decreases to a stable value in spite of successive dissolution of aluminium. The rate of decrease is much greater than that recognized on reserving the catalyst in its dried state or in water.
By calculating reliable “n” values, the number of adsorbed molecular layers on the surface area from the modified B.E.T. equation, it has been deduced that the average catalytic activity per unit area of the surface may be decreased in process of dissolution of aluminium.