bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe bacteria‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an extremely premature infant
Authors: Edner Josefine , Rudd Eva , Zheng Chengyun , Dahlander Andreas , Eksborg Staffan , Schneider E Marion , Edner Ann , Henter Jan‐Inge 
Published: September 2007

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare condition with high mortality. We report an extremely premature girl, born in the 24th gestational week (BW 732 g), that during her second month developed a severe HLH subsequent to a Serratia marcescens septicemia, with hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenias, hyperbilirubinemia (mostly conjugated, total bilirubin 916 μmol/L), hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, hyperferritinemia (21266 μg/L), and elevated sIL‐2 receptor levels. Genetic analysis revealed no PRF1, STX11 or UNC13D gene mutations. Treatment was provided according to the HLH‐2004 protocol with etoposide, dexamethasone, and immunoglobulin, but no cyclosporin because of immature kidneys. She recovered fully from the HLH but developed a severe retinopathy as well as green teeth secondary to the hyperbilirubinemia. We conclude that secondary, bacteria‐associated HLH can develop in premature infants, and that HLH can be treated with cytotoxic therapy also in premature infants. It is important to be aware of HLH in premature infants, since it is treatable.
Prenatal alcohol exposure and cryptorchidism
Authors: Jensen M S , Bonde J P , Olsen J 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim: A recently published study reported markedly increased risk of cryptorchidism among boys whose mothers had an average gestational alcohol intake of five or more drinks per week. The aim of this study is to follow up on this finding by estimating the association between prenatal alcohol exposure and persistent cryptorchidism.Methods: We used prospectively collected information on prenatal exposures and obstetric information on the birth of 5716 boys, collected from 1984 to 1987. During the 16–19 years of follow‐up in a nationwide patient register, 270 cases of cryptorchidism were diagnosed and 185 of these boys underwent orchiopexy.Results: No positive association between the mothers' average weekly alcohol consumption and persistent cryptorchidism was observed. Binge drinking was nonsignificantly associated with an excess risk of orchiopexy (adjusted RR = 1.4; 95% CI 0.9–2.1), but not with having a diagnosis of cryptorchidism without orchiopexy.Conclusions: Mothers' average weekly alcohol intake was not associated with persistent cryptorchidism, but binge drinking may be a risk factor.
Development of parapneumonic empyema in children
Authors: Lahti Elina , Peltola Ville , Virkki Raimo , Alanen Markku , Ruuskanen Olli 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim: The aim of the study was to find clinical predictors for parapneumonic empyema in children.Methods: Thirty‐seven children treated for parapneumonic empyema at the Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, were retrospectively evaluated. Two distinct comparison groups of children with uncomplicated community‐acquired pneumonia with alveolar consolidation (n = 37 in both groups) were included. Clinical and laboratory data on admission as well as fever kinetics and inflammatory markers during hospitalization were analyzed.Results: In a multivariate analysis, a history of prolonged fever, tachypnoea and pain on abdominal palpation on admission were the most significant clinical predictors for empyema. On admission, serum C‐reactive protein levels were higher among children with empyema than among those with uncomplicated pneumonia (means, 234 mg/L vs. 178 mg/L; p = 0.037). During hospitalization, prolonged fever and persistence of high serum C‐reactive protein levels were associated with empyema. At the initial evaluation, pleural fluid was not reported in 35% of children with empyema.Conclusions: Early recognition of developing empyema is challenging. Children with pneumonia presenting with prolonged fever, tachypnoea, pain on abdominal palpation and high serum C‐reactive protein levels are at risk for parapneumonic empyema.
The characteristics of complementary and alternative medicine use by parents of asthmatic children in Southern Israel
Authors: Singer Lilach , Karakis Isabella , Ivri Lital , Gross Michal , Bolotin Arkady , Gazala Eli 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to estimate the rate and describe the characteristics of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use by children with asthma in a paediatric primary care clinic in southern Israel.Method: A cross‐sectional study including 252 asthmatic children aged 2–12‐years was conducted. Socio‐demographic data and asthma history were collected using a telephone questionnaire. Computerized medical records were used to complete the data.Results: Sixteen percent (95% CI 11.5–20.5) of the asthmatic children participating in this study used CAM; most popular were homeopathy (36.6%) and reflexology (14.6%). According to multivariate model, CAM use was more prevalent in families in which fathers had professional training (OR = 4.9, 95% CI 1.82–13.02, p = 0.002), mothers were employed (OR = 4.1, 95% CI 1.018–16.1, p = 0.047), and origin of maternal grandfathers was European (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 1.86–11.8, p = 0.001). Families who used CAM, also more frequently sought rabbinical advice (OR = 11.9, 95% CI 2.94–47.7, p = 0.001).Conclusions: The prevalence of CAM use found in this study is lower than seen in other Western countries. The ‘average family’ using CAM to treat its asthmatic child includes an educated father, an employed mother and maternal grandfather from Europe, and would more often seek rabbi's advice.
Let's Get Physical: Bibliography, Codicology, and Seventeenth‐Century Women's Manuscripts
Authors: Burke Victoria E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe last twenty years have seen a growing interest in manuscript studies of the early modern period. The recovery of a large amount of women's writing from libraries and archives has expanded our picture of how seventeenth‐century women participated in manuscript culture. This paper argues that attention to the material characteristics of that writing is essential in order to fully understand the varied ways in which manuscripts functioned: how they were produced, circulated, and read. The study of aspects of codicology (watermarks, collation, binding), paleography, transcription practices (such as layout), attribution, provenance, transmission, and the mutual interplay of manuscript and print, among other topics in bibliography, needs to be foregrounded. With reference to a number of works of women's writing this paper argues that the content of a text must not be severed from its physical presentation.
Personal Grief and Public Statement: Felicia Hemans's The Siege of Valencia and Records of Woman
Authors: Kim Benjamin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractConsiderations of canonization have led to the reading of Hemans's ambivalence toward the suffering caused by conflict as an indictment of gender relations and national identity: the greater ambivalence, the greater the protest. This reading runs into the problem of the differences between her early period and her middle period. The middle period, more focused on individual suffering, is highly influenced by personal events, and is in many ways detached from historical context, defying the necessary connection between suffering and political subversion. Furthermore, the equation reduces the complexity of the connection in Hemans's work between domestic loss and national sacrifice.Reading the relation between maternal love and romantic love in The Siege of Valencia and Records of Woman, I argue that Hemans reacts to domestic trauma by deferring to national trauma. While Hemans is usually seen as the poet who examines domestic trauma caused by the political world, it is the latter that is a reaction to the former. Her valorization of death and sacrifice does not simply bolster nationalism; it reflects a desire to turn personal grief into national sacrifice. Domestic grief exists prior to national demands.
Dutch Influences on English Literary Culture in the Early Renaissance, 1470–1650
Authors: Parsons Ben 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDuring the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the Low Countries made a series of important contributions to English literature. Through such agents as the printers of Antwerp and Amsterdam, and the movements of Dutch scholars and Calvinist refugees, the Low Countries exerted a continuous impact on the literary culture of England. This article examines the scope of Dutch influence during the English Renaissance, indicates some of its key effects, and provides an overview of existing scholarship on the subject.
Expression of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Encoding for Phosphodiesterase Isoenzymes in Human Female Genital Tissues
Authors: Uckert Stefan , Ellinghaus Peter , Albrecht Knut , Jonas Udo , Oelke Matthias 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The use of inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) has been suggested to treat symptoms of female sexual dysfunction (FSD). Nonetheless, there has been a relatively low success rate of PDE5 inhibitors in FSD in comparison with male erectile dysfunction. The elevated expression of PDE5 in the human penile erectile tissue is considered the reason for the high clinical efficacy of PDE5 inhibitors in the pharmacotherapy of male erectile dysfunction.

Aim
To evaluate by means of molecular biology the expression of messenger ribonucleic acid expression (mRNA) encoding for cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP PDE isoenzymes in female genital tissues.

Main Outcome Measures
The amount of mRNA transcripts specifically encoding for cyclic AMP- and/or cyclic GMP-degrading PDE isoenzymes was determined.

Methods
Human clitoral, labial, and vaginal tissue was obtained from four female cadavers (age at death: 18–42 years). The expression of mRNA specifically encoding for PDE1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 4A, 5A, 10A, and 11A was elucidated by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis (TaqMan). Human penile erectile tissue (corpus cavernosum [HCC]) was used as a reference tissue.

Results
mRNA encoding for all PDE isoforms mentioned above is expressed in the female genital tissues. Different magnitudes of mRNA expression were observed: a predominant expression of mRNA encoding for PDE1A but only insignificant amounts of PDE1B, 1C, 4A, 10, and 11A mRNA were registered. With PDE1A being the only exception, the mRNA expression was always higher in the HCC than in the female genital tissues. Especially, the expression of mRNA encoding for PDE5 was several-fold higher in the HCC.

Conclusion
On the mRNA level, various PDE isoforms are expressed in the clitoris, labia, and vagina. It remains to be established as to whether the low expression of PDE5 in female genital tissue might be a negative predictor for the success of PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of FSD.
Sexual Dysfunctions in Urban China: A Population-Based National Survey of Men and Women
Authors: Parish William L. , Laumann Edward O. , Pan Suiming , Hao Yanni 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
While sexual dysfunctions are closely related to overall well-being, epidemiological data based on population-based surveys remain scant.

Aim
To investigate the prevalence and correlates for sexual dysfunctions in urban China.

Methods
Of the 4,157 urbanites sampled nationally, 3,159 participants completed the interview, giving a response rate of 76%. The focus was on 78% of these participants (2,478 adults aged 20–64) who were sexually active within a stable sexual relationship, typically with the spouse.

Main Outcome Measure
Prevalence and correlates for sexual dysfunctions.

Results
Fully 35% of women and 21% of men had at least one persistent sexual dysfunction. Prevalence by age was similar to the results from Western developed countries. With sharp differences for men and women, the correlates for distress in China were multiple, with aging and physical issues accounting for only a portion of the total set of mental health, stress, relationship, and values and knowledge issues related to reports of sexual dysfunctions.

Conclusions
Both the prevalence and correlates for sexual dysfunctions in urban China were similar to those in other societies. Mental distress, age, and poor communication (producing the report that “my partner does not understand my sexual needs”) were the correlates shared by both men and women. Other correlates were more distinct by gender. The multiplicity of correlates for men and women suggests a need for a holistic approach to sexual dysfunctions.
Effects of ACE Inhibition and Beta-Blockade on Female Genital Structures in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Toblli Jorge E. , Cao Gabriel , Casabé Adolfo R. , Bechara Amado J. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction and Aim
This study evaluated the possible differences between an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and a beta-blocker concerning their potential protective role on female external genitalia in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Main Outcome Measures
Morphological changes in the clitoris after antihypertensive treatments.

Methods
For 6 months, SHR received no treatment; SHR+ramipril (RAM), SHR+atenolol (AT), and control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats received no treatment. Clitorises were processed for immunohistochemistry using anti-α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), anti-collagen I and III, anti-transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), and anti-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) antibodies.

Results
SHR+RAM and SHR+AT presented significantly lower blood pressure in both groups vs. untreated SHR. Compared with WKY, α-SMA was increased in the arteries and in the cavernous spaces of the clitoris together with a marked increase in wall/lumen ratio in clitoral vessels in untreated SHR. All these alterations were diminished in SHR+AT (P &lt;0.01). SHR+RAM presented differences with respect to SHR+AT in the reduction of these variables. TGFβ1 expression in the vessel wall from the clitoris and collagen I and III deposition in the interstitium from the clitoris in untreated SHR were significantly more (P &lt;0.01) than in WKY. While SHR+AT showed a mild decrease in these variables, SHR+RAM presented a significant reduction (P &lt;0.01) in TGFβ1 expression interstitial fibrosis and in both types of collagens. Positive immunostaining of eNOS in the sinusoidal endothelium from the clitoris was less (P &lt;0.01) in untreated SHR (3.4 ± 1.3%) and SHR+AT (5.1 ± 1.2%) than in SHR+RAM (17.2 ± 1.6%) and WKY (15.9 ± 1.7%). Untreated SHR and SHR+AT presented more surrounding connective tissue at the perineurium in the clitoris (P &lt;0.01) than SHR+RAM.

Conclusion
ACE inhibition provided a considerable protective role on the female external genitalia structures in SHR by a mechanism that may be, at least in part, independent of the degree of blood pressure lowering.
Premature and Delayed Ejaculation: Genetic and Environmental Effects in a Population-Based Sample of Finnish Twins
Authors: Jern Patrick , Santtila Pekka , Witting Katarina , Alanko Katarina , Harlaar Nicole , Johansson Ada , Von Der Pahlen Bettina , Varjonen Markus , Vikström Nina , Ålgars Monica , Sandnabba Kenneth 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A number of different theoretical approaches to understanding the etiology of ejaculatory dysfunction have been proposed, but no behavior genetic study has yet, to our knowledge, been conducted to explore the genetic and environmental influences on ejaculatory dysfunction.

Aim
The aim of the present study was to explore the genetic and environmental effects on premature (PE) and delayed (DE) ejaculation in a population-based sample.

Methods
The genetic and environmental influences on PE and DE were investigated in a population-based sample of 1,196 Finnish male twins, age 33–43 years, with 91 identical and 110 complete twin pairs. Several different aspects of ejaculatory function were measured by a self-report questionnaire (e.g., latency time, subjective experience of ejaculatory control). Factor analyses distinguished two subcomponents of ejaculatory function, and subsequently, composite variables measuring PE and DE were created. Structural equation modeling was performed on the composite variables.

Main Outcome Measures
Measurement of genetic and environmental effects on PE and DE.

Results
The results suggested moderate genetic influence (28%) on PE, but not on DE (0%). There was a moderate familial effect on DE with shared environmental effects accounting for 24% of the variance. However, omission of the shared environmental component did not directly result in a significantly decreased model fit for DE, and omission of the additive genetic component did not directly result in a significantly decreased fit for the PE model.

Conclusions
The findings from the present study provide useful information regarding the etiology and understanding of ejaculatory dysfunction.
Validation of the Erection Hardness Score
Authors: Mulhall John P. , Goldstein Irwin , Bushmakin Andrew G. , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Hvidsten Kyle 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erection hardness is a fundamental component of erectile function, and is a very specific and easily monitored outcome. The Erection Hardness Score (EHS) is a single-item, patient-reported outcome (PRO) for scoring erection hardness.

Aims
The aim of this article is to report the psychometric validation of the EHS.

Methods
The dataset (N=307) was from a multinational sildenafil trial (efficacy in the treatment of erectile dysfunction [ED]) with a 2-week screening phase, a 6-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase, and a 6-week open-label extension.

Main Outcome Measures
Test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient), quality and distribution of responses, known-groups validity (ability to differentiate between ED severity groups defined by the International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF] questionnaire), convergent validity (Pearson correlation coefficients with domain scores of the IIEF and the Quality of Erection Questionnaire [QEQ]), treatment responsiveness, and clinically important difference.

Results
The EHS demonstrated good test–retest reliability, acceptable quality and distribution of responses, known-groups validity against the IIEF (including clear differentiation between normal and impaired erectile function), moderate-to-strong convergent validity against the prespecified domains of the IIEF and QEQ, and high treatment responsiveness.

Conclusion
The EHS has desirable measurement properties, including being highly responsive to treatment. This one-item PRO is robust and easy to use for evaluating erection hardness. Psychometric analysis supports the use of the EHS as a simple, reliable, and valid tool for the assessment of erection hardness in clinical trials research.
Penile Strangulation: Two Case Reports and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ivanovski Ognen , Stankov Oliver , Kuzmanoski Marjan , Saidi Skender , Banev Saso , Filipovski Vanja , Lekovski Ljupco , Popov Zivko 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Entrapment or strangulation of the penis is a rare emergency situation that can lead to a wide range of vascular and mechanical injuries.

Aim
The aim of this article is to present our experience dealing with penile strangulation. A review of the literature is also summarized in this report. Current treatment options and outcomes are also evaluated.

Methods
We performed a computerized MEDLINE search followed by a manual bibliographic review of cross-references. These reports were analyzed and the important findings summarized.

Results
Penile strangulation has been first time reported in 1755. Since that time, sporadic reports have appeared in the literature describing a variety of foreign bodies on the penis that have in common only the property of circularity. We noted motives, types of objects, types of strangulation, symptomatology, trauma grades, diagnoses, including psychological involvement, as well as possible treatment options. Furthermore, two cases of penile strangulation from our clinical practice are presented involving different degrees of vascular insult leading to different pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and surgical approach.

Conclusion
Penile strangulation is an unusual clinical condition and the consequences can be severe. Penile strangulation could lead to different degrees of vascular obstruction. Consequently, several clinical syndromes can occur: from mild nonsignificant vascular obstruction that resolves after decompression to severe gangrene of the penis accompanied with impaired renal function. The most common motive associated with foreign bodies on the penis is sexual or erotic in nature. The choice of method for removal depends upon type, size, incarceration time, trauma grade, and availability of the equipment. Prompt diagnosis and early treatment are essential to avoid the potential complications of ischemic necrosis and autoamputation.
Yoga in Premature Ejaculation: A Comparative Trial with Fluoxetine
Authors: Dhikav Vikas , Karmarkar Girish , Gupta Mallika , Anand Kuljeet Singh 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Yoga is a popular form of complementary and alternative treatment. It is practiced both in developing and developed countries. Use of yoga for various bodily ailments is recommended in ancient ayvurvedic (ayus =life, veda =knowledge) texts and is being increasingly investigated scientifically. Many patients and yoga protagonists claim that it is useful in sexual disorders. We are interested in knowing if it works for patients with premature ejaculation (PE) and in comparing its efficacy with fluoxetine, a known treatment option for PE.

Aim
To know if yoga could be tried as a treatment option in PE and to compare it with fluoxetine.

Methods
A total of 68 patients (38 yoga group; 30 fluoxetine group) attending the outpatient department of psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital were enrolled in the present study. Both subjective and objective assessment tools were administered to evaluate the efficacy of the yoga and fluoxetine in PE. Three patients dropped out of the study citing their inability to cope up with the yoga schedule as the reason.

Main Outcome Measure
Intravaginal ejaculatory latencies in yoga group and fluoxetine control groups.

Results
We found that all 38 patients (25–65.7%=good, 13–34.2%=fair) belonging to yoga and 25 out of 30 of the fluoxetine group (82.3%) had statistically significant improvement in PE.

Conclusions
Yoga appears to be a feasible, safe, effective and acceptable nonpharmacological option for PE. More studies involving larger patients could be carried out to establish its utility in this condition.
Validation of the Female Sexual Function Index in Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain
Authors: Verit Fatma Ferda , Verit Ayhan 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common gynecological problem that is also associated with sexual dysfunction.

Aim
The purpose of this research was to investigate the validity and reliability of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) in women with CPP.

Method
One hundred women with CPP and 100 age-matched subjects without CPP were compared in the study.

Main Outcome Measures
Sexual function was assessed by FSFI.

Results
Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha values=0.91–0.97) was high for all scales. There were significant differences between women with and without CPP for each of the FSFI domain and total scores with very large effect sizes (1.29–2.56) (P &lt;0.0001, for all). Interdomain correlations of FSFI in the CPP group corresponded well to each other (P &lt;0.0001, for all). Moreover, test–retest reliability (r =0.79–0.90) was also within acceptable ranges for this population.

Conclusion
We concluded that the FSFI showed good ability to discriminate between women with and without sexual dysfunctions in the CPP population.