bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact microstrip lowpass filter with wide stop‐band integrating a bandstop structure in an open‐loop resonator
Authors: Shi Jin , Chen Jian‐Xin , Xue Quan 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA novel compact microstrip lowpass filter integrating a bandstop structure in an open‐loop resonator is proposed. The lowpass filter has the advantages of compact size, wide rejection in the stop‐band, and three transmission zeros in the stop‐band for suppressing the harmonics. A demonstration filter is designed, fabricated, and tested. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 582–584, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21236
CAD formula of a microstrip on a grounded substrate of two layers by synthetic asymptote
Authors: Tang Wanchun , Pan Tingshan , Chow Y. Leonard 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper gives simple CAD formulas of the characteristic impedance and propagation constant for a microstrip on a grounded substrate of two layers by synthetic asymptote. Similar to the one‐layer case, based on the derived formula, the equivalent circuit is a fringe capacitor in parallel with an ideal parallel‐plate capacitor of the two‐layer substrate. The average error is less than 2%. The top layer is assumed thin, at 30% or less of the width W of the microstrip. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 584–588, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21237
An experimental study on the multiscaling iterative reconstruction of inhomogeneous targets
Authors: Franceschini D. , Donelli M. , Azaro R. , Massa A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental assessment of the iterative multiscaling approach (IMSA) in imaging inhomogeneous dielectric targets. The IMSA is used to address the inversion of scattering data provided by theInstitute Fresnelin Marseille, France, in order to effectively exploit the available information. Since inversion methods based on the use of the “state” equation, as with the IMSA, require knowledge of the radiated field in the investigation area, different numerical models of the illuminating setup will be considered to evaluate the robustness of the inversion algorithm in case of an approximate knowledge of the incident field arising from a limited set of measured samples. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 588–594, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21238
An application of the T‐chart for solving problems associated with terminated finite lossless periodic structures
Authors: Torrungrueng D. , Thimaporn C. , Chamnandechakun N. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPeriodic structures of transmission lines have several applications in microwave technology. Due to complicated equations involved with terminated finite lossless periodic structures, a graphical solution assisting in the analysis and design of these structures is necessary. In this study, the T‐chart is employed to solve problems associated with these structures, operating in the passband, readily and effectively, especially for unsymmetrical unit cells associated with periodic structures. Only the periodic structures with passive effective characteristic impedances are considered in this paper. It is found that the T‐chart provides accurate solutions, compared to analytical solutions of terminated finite lossless periodic structures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 594–597, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21239
Investigation of the near‐field behaviour and SAR for the resonant loop antenna operating at 434 MHz for medical applications
Authors: Gerbaux N. A. X. , Glowacki J. , Ammann M. J. , Thorne V. P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe resonant loop antenna is examined in terms of its near‐field behaviour. It is shown that the near‐field wave‐impedance varies considerably across the loop diameter. This has a significant effect on the matching to the human body and specific absorption rate. An uneven SAR distribution is observed in a body model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 597–599, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21240
Compact broadband gap‐coupled shorted L‐shaped microstrip antennas
Authors: Deshmukh Amit A. , Kumar Girish 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA compact variation of a C‐shaped microstrip antenna, that is, a shorted L‐shaped microstrip antenna, is proposed. Several suspended multiresonator gap‐coupled shorted L‐shaped configurations have been proposed to obtain wide bandwidth and high gain. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 599–605, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21241
Reconfigurable microstrip‐patch antenna with frequency and polarization‐diversity functions
Authors: Chung Kyungho , Nam Yongsik , Yun Taeyeoul , Choi Jaehoon 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe design of a novel reconfigurable microstrip‐patch antenna with frequency‐ and polarization‐diversity functions is presented. A U‐slot inserted into the square patch and a PIN diode are utilized to realize frequency‐diversity operation. Polarization diversity between linear polarization (LP) and right‐hand circular polarization (RHCP) is also provided by switching the two PIN diodes on the truncating corners of a square patch on and off. The designed antenna is implemented and the antenna characteristics are measured. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 605–607, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21242
Factors affecting the efficiency and reversibility of roscovitine (ROS) block on the meiotic resumption of goat oocytes
Authors: Han Dong , Lan Guo‐Cheng , Wu Yan‐Guang , Han Zheng‐Bin , Wang Hui‐Li , Tan Jing‐He 
Published: October 2005

AbstractGoat oocytes from 2 to 4 and 0.8 to 1.2‐mm follicles were freed (DOs) or not (COCs) of cumulus cells and cultured for different times in an inhibition medium supplemented with different concentrations of roscovitine (ROS). At the end of culture, oocytes were either cultured in a maturation medium for 24 hr and activated chemically for embryo development, or examined for GV chromatin configurations. Nuclear status was checked at different time points during maturation culture. Although both 200 and 250 µM ROS maintained 78–85% of oocytes at the GV stage for 24 hr, only oocytes blocked with 200 µM ROS developed to MII stage at a high rate after maturation culture. While few oocytes blocked with 200 µM ROS for 24 hr developed into morulae and none into blastocysts after activation, percentages of oocytes developing into morulae and blastocysts increased to the level of the control oocytes when the block time was reduced to 8 hr. While the GV and pMI stages were shortened with MI, and A/TI unaffected after oocytes were blocked for 8 hr, all the stages but A/TI were shortened after 24 hr of block. The sizes of nucleoli diminished with time and the GV chromatin configuration changed during ROS block. Significantly more DOs than COCs were blocked with 200 µM ROS, but none of the blocked DOs matured after drug withdrawal. However, maturation of the DOs improved significantly when ROS concentration was reduced to 150 µM or DOs were co‐inhibited with COCs. The GV intact percentages of DOs did not differ after ROS inhibition with or without eCG, but those of COCs decreased significantly after ROS inhibited in the presence of eCG. When MII‐incompetent oocytes from 0.8 to 1.2‐mm follicles were inhibited with ROS for 8 and 24 hr prior to maturation culture, nuclear maturation improved significantly, activation rates were as high as that of the control oocytes, and some of the activated developed to 4‐ or 8‐cell stages. It is concluded that (i) the efficiency and reversibility of ROS block was both drug concentration and exposure‐time dependent; (ii) cumulus cells alleviated the toxicity of ROS on goat oocytes; (iii) eCG released goat oocytes from ROS block through the mediation of cumulus cells; (iv) ROS block quickened the nuclear maturation of goat oocytes and improved the developmental competence of meiosis‐incompetent oocytes, possibly due to a sustained nuclear activity during inhibition culture; (v) oocyte nuclear maturation and activation did not depend upon cumulus expansion, but the embryo development occurred in association with cumulus expansion. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Murine Spam1 mRNA: Involvement of AU‐rich elements in the 3′UTR and antisense RNA in its tight post‐transcriptional regulation in spermatids
Authors: Zhang Hong , Barnoski Barry L. , Sol‐Church Katia , Stabley Deborah L. , Martin‐DeLeon Patricia A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSperm adhesion molecule1 (SPAM1), the best characterized hyaluronidase gene, is abundantly expressed in the testis. We attempted to overexpress mouse Spam1 via transgenesis using either the endogenous promoter in a BAC or a heterologous Protamine1 promoter for a Spam1 cDNA transgene. Although transgene‐copy numbers ranged from 2 to 15 and transgenic transcripts were expressed, there was a general failure of overexpression of the RNA and protein in the testis of all seven founders. Also, three transgenic lines showed a modest downregulation or co‐suppression of the RNA for Spam1 and Hyal5, present on the BAC. We provide evidence for the potential involvement of two co‐ordinating post‐transcriptional regulatory processes in the failure of overexpression: abundant endogenous antisense RNA and adenosine‐uridine (AU)‐rich element‐mediated regulation of RNA turnover. We demonstrate that AU‐rich elements (AREs) in the 3′UTR of mRNAs, well‐known to interact with trans‐acting proteins to target the RNA for (in)stability, are present in Spam1 RNA and specifically bind to six testicular cytoplasmic proteins. These AU‐binding proteins (AUBPs) were virtually absent from the kidney where transcripts are rare, and were shown to interact with the cytoskeleton, which modulates mRNA turnover. In addition to a role in the RNAi pathway, antisense RNA can also modulate ARE‐mediated regulation of mRNA by hybridizing to the AREs and specifically silencing their function. This potentially links the two processes in the regulation of Spam1 expression. We hypothesize that testicular Spam1 RNA is regulated post‐transcriptionally by cis‐acting ARE(s) in the 3′UTR which recognize AUBPs and which are modulated by antisense transcripts. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeted suppression of E‐cadherin gene expression in bovine preimplantation embryo by RNA interference technology using double‐stranded RNA
Authors: Nganvongpanit Korakot , Müller Heike , Rings Franca , Gilles Markus , Jennen Danyel , Hölker Michael , Tholen Ernst , Schellander Karl , Tesfaye Dawit 
Published: October 2005

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) has become acknowledged as an effective and useful tool to study gene function in diverse groups of cells. We aimed to suppress the expression of the E‐cadherin gene during in vitro development of bovine preimplantation embryos using RNAi approach. In this experiment the effect of microinjection of E‐cadherin and Oct‐4 (as control) double‐stranded (ds) RNA on the mRNA and protein expression level of the target E‐cadherin gene was investigated. For this, a 496 bp long bovine E‐cadherin and 341 bp long Oct‐4 dsRNA sample were prepared using in vitro transcription. In vitro produced bovine zygotes were categorized into four treatment groups including those injected with E‐cadherin dsRNA, Oct‐4 dsRNA, RNase‐free water, and uninjected controls. While the injection of E‐cadherin dsRNA resulted in the reduction of E‐cadherin mRNA and protein levels at the morula and blastocyst stage, the transcript and protein product remained unaffected in the Oct‐4 dsRNA, water injected and uninjected control groups. The relative abundance of E‐cadherin mRNA in the E‐cadherin dsRNA injected morula stage embryos was reduced by 80% compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The Western blot analysis also showed a significant decrease in the E‐cadherin protein (119 kDa) in E‐cadherin dsRNA injected embryos compared to the other three groups. Microinjection of E‐cadherin dsRNA has resulted only 22% blastocyst rate compared to 38%–40% in water injected and uninjected controls. In conclusion, our results indicated the suppression of E‐cadherin mRNA and protein has resulted in lower blastocyst rate and the RNAi technology is a promising approach to study the function of genes in early bovine embryogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metabolism, protein content, and in vitro embryonic development of goat cumulus–oocyte complexes matured with physiological concentrations of glucose and L‐lactate
Authors: Herrick Jason R. , Lane Michelle , Gardner David K. , Behboodi Esmail , Memili Erdogan , Blash Stephen , Echelard Yann , Krisher Rebecca L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNo information is available concerning how the maturation environment controls the metabolism of goat oocytes. The objectives of this experiment were to: (1) Determine the concentrations of glucose, lactate, and pyruvate in caprine follicular fluid; and (2) Investigate the effects of physiological concentrations of glucose and lactate in the in vitro maturation (IVM) medium on the metabolism (glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation), protein content, and developmental competence of caprine oocytes and cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs). Abattoir‐derived COCs were matured for 18–20 hr in a defined, SOF‐based medium containing 0.75, 1.5 (follicular fluid = 1.4 mM), or 3.0 mM glucose, and 3.0, 6.0 (follicular fluid = 7.1 mM), or 12.0 mM L‐lactate. The protein content of oocytes and COCs was not affected (P > 0.05) by the concentration of glucose and lactate in the maturation medium. Increasing glucose and lactate decreased (P ≤ 0.05) glycolytic activity of oocytes, without affecting (P > 0.05) pyruvate oxidation. In COCs, increasing glucose concentrations tended (P = 0.07) to decrease glycolysis. When metabolic activity was corrected for protein content (pmol/µg protein/3 hr), increasing glucose or lactate concentrations in the medium decreased (P ≤ 0.05) pyruvate oxidation in oocytes, but increased (P ≤ 0.05) pyruvate oxidation in COCs. Embryonic development (cleavage and blastocyst development, hatching, and cell number) was not affected (P > 0.05) by the glucose and lactate concentrations tested. These results indicate that concentrations of glucose and lactate in the medium have cell type‐specific effects on metabolism of oocytes and COCs, but do not affect developmental competence within the range of concentrations tested. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystal nucleation of polymers confined to droplets: Memory effects
Authors: Massa M. V. , Lee M. S. M. , Dalnoki‐Veress K. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe study crystal nucleation within an ensemble of polyethylene droplets created through the dewetting of a thin film on an unfavorable substrate. In particular, we employ standard thermal treatment procedures to induce self‐nucleation in samples to gain some insight into the nature of this enhanced crystallization. The novel sample‐geometry enables the monitoring of each droplet throughout successive experiments, and hence the changes in their nucleation mechanism for various thermal treatments. We find a consistent self‐nucleated crystallization temperature of ∼101 °C under all conditions, suggesting uniformity in the centers which facilitate nucleation. Using correlation plots, we demonstrate that the observed melt‐memory effects have a stochastic rather than deterministic nature; self‐nucleation is a random process. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3438–3443, 2005
Compact reduced thioredoxin structure from the thermophilic bacteria Thermus thermophilus
Authors: Rehse Peter H. , Kumei Maki , Tahirov Tahir H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe X‐ray crystallographic structure of a thioredoxin from Thermus thermophilus was solved to 1.8 Å resolution by molecular replacement. The crystals' space group was C2 with cell dimensions of a = 40.91, b = 95.44, c = 56.68 Å, β =91.41°, with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. Unlike the reported thioredoxin structures, the biological unit of T. thermophilus thioredoxin is a dimer both in solution and in the crystal. The fold conforms to the “thioredoxin fold” that is common over a class of nine protein families including thioredoxin; however, the folded portion of this protein is much more compact than other thioredoxins previously solved by X‐ray crystallography being reduced by one α‐helix and one β‐strand. As with other thioredoxins, the active site is highly conserved even though the variation in sequence can be quite large. The T. thermophilus thioredoxin has some variability at the active site, especially compared with previously solved structures from bacterial sources. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Defense characteristics of seral deciduous broad‐leaved tree seedlings grown under differing levels of CO2 and nitrogen
Authors: Koike Takayoshi , Tobita Hiroyuki , Shibata Takanori , Matsuki Sawako , Konno Kotaro , Kitao Mitsutoshi , Yamashita Naoko , Maruyama Yutaka 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMixed broad‐leaved forests are abundantly populated by several kinds of herbivore species in northern Japan. The life of herbivores depends strongly on the quality of food leaves. Leaf quality is changing with increasing atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen deposition. Four seral species of deciduous broad‐leaved tree seedlings (alder, birch, oak and maple) were raised in all four combinations of two levels of CO2 and two levels of nutrient, to examine foliar defense traits. To evaluate the relative defense capacity of the four tree species, we used wild silkworms (Erisan; a generalist herbivore) as a bioassay material. Except with alder, the survival rate and longevity (ML50) of the silkworms were least when they were fed with leaves of seedlings raised under high CO2 and infertile soil conditions, and longest on a diet of leaves grown in ambient CO2 and fertile soil, especially in birch and maple. The longevity of Erisan decreased in the order birch, oak, and maple. The longevity of Erisan fed with alder leaves was independent of CO2 levels and was longer on alder seedlings grown in infertile soil conditions. Alder is an actinorhizal plant that can fix atmospheric nitrogen in root nodules formed by the actinomycetes Frankia sp. The activity of symbiotic microbes would have been enhanced by the greater amount of photosynthates received from the host plants at high CO2, improving the food quality for the silkworms. It was concluded that in all but alder, leaf chemical traits, especially C/N ratio, affect the ML50 of Erisan larvae.
Ecophysiological observations onDrosophyllum lusitanicum
Authors: Adlassnig Wolfram , Peroutka Marianne , Eder Gregor , Pois Walter , Lichtscheidl Irene K. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe carnivorous plantDrosophyllum lusitanicuminhabits heathland and ruderal sites in Portugal, Spain and Morocco. In the literature, various theories have been discussed concerning the ability ofDrosophyllumto survive the annual dry period in summer. In August 2004, we examined: (1) the microclimate, (2) soil parameters and (3) the physiological conditions of the plants on two sites in Portugal and Spain. First, during the day, plants are exposed to very high air and soil temperatures and very low air humidity. The climatic extremes are not significantly softened by the population, only the wind speed is drastically decreased. During the night, on the other hand, very high air humidity and dew formation could be observed. The harsh climate is accompanied by stressful soil conditions. Second, the soil is completely dry, poor in fine earth, calcium and nutrients and more or less acid. Third, in spite of these climatic and edaphic extremes, all plants were green, produced trapping mucilage and caught numerous animals. Far from being affected by these conditions,Drosophyllumshowed even better growth and reproduction on more extreme sites. We analysed the root system and found living fine roots missing. The osmotic value of the plants is rather low and water storage organs are absent. Therefore we conclude that in summerDrosophyllumis nourished by the dew at night.
Hindgut microbes, fermentation and their seasonal variations in Hokkaido native horses compared to light horses
Authors: Kobayashi Yasuo , Koike Satoshi , Miyaji Makoto , Hata Hiroshi , Tanaka Keiichi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFecal bacteria and protozoa of Hokkaido native horses and light horses were enumerated to compare seasonal variation in hindgut microbes and fermentation between the two breeds. Fecal samples were collected in winter and summer from eight horses (four for each breed) that had been reared together under the same conditions after birth (on woodland pasture in winter and on grassland pasture for the rest of the year). Total fecal bacteria counts for both breeds showed temporal variation, with the highest levels occurring in summer (P<0.05). For both breeds, Gram‐negative rods were the major constituents (58–69%) and showed higher counts in winter (P<0.05) than in summer. Total protozoa counts in both breeds were lower in winter than in summer (P<0.05). The proportion of large cellulolytic protozoa such as Cochliatoxum periachtum was increased (P<0.05) in winter, and this tended to be more pronounced in native horses. Although total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in feces were lower in winter (P<0.05), the reduction was smaller in native horses (P<0.05). Fecal VFA pattern showed a shift toward more acetate and less propionate production in winter regardless of the horse breed. Evaluation of digestive tract organs in 12 animals showed that the relative weight of the colon in body weight or total digestive tract weight is larger in native horses than in light horses (P<0.05). The present results suggest that hindgut microbial adaptation to winter diets occurs to a greater extent in native horses, as partly characterized by advantages in anatomy.
Effect of long‐term neck muscle training on pressure pain threshold: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ylinen Jari , Takala Esa‐Pekka , Kautiainen Hannu , Nykänen Matti , Häkkinen Arja , Pohjolainen Timo , Karppi Sirkka‐Liisa , Airaksinen Olavi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMuscle tenderness has been measured in several studies to evaluate effectiveness of treatment methods, but only short‐term results have been reported so far. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long‐term effects of two different muscle training methods on the pressure pain threshold of neck muscles in women with neck pain.Altogether 180 woman with chronic, non‐specific neck pain were randomized into three groups: neck muscle endurance training, neck muscle strength training and control groups.The main outcome measures included pressure pain threshold measurement at six muscle sites and on the sternum. Neck pain was assessed by a visual analogue scale (VAS).At the 12‐month follow‐up statistically significantly higher pressure pain threshold values were obtained in both training groups at all muscle sites compared to the baseline, while no significant change occurred in the controls. Significantly higher changes in pressure pain threshold were detected at all six sites in the strength training group and at four out of six sites in the endurance training group compared to the control group.This is the first study to show an increase in pressure pain thresholds as a result of long‐term muscle training. A decrease in neck pain was associated with reduced pressure pain sensitivity in neck muscles, showing that the pressure pain threshold may be a useful outcome measure of the effectiveness of neck muscle rehabilitation.