bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitätskontrolle in der Hornhautbank mit künstlicher Intelligenz: Vergleich eines neuen Deep-Learning-basierten Ansatzes mit der konventionellen Endothelzelldichtenbestimmung durch das „Rhine-Tec Endothelial Analysis System“
Authors: Dreesbach Michelle , Böhringer Daniel , Betancor Paola Kammrath , Glegola Mateusz , Maier Philip Christian , Reinhard Thomas , Heinzelmann Sonja 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Endothelzelldichte ist ein objektiver Parameter für die Freigabe von Hornhauttransplantaten zur Operation. In der Lions Hornhautbank Baden-Württemberg wird für diese Quantifizierung das „Rhine-Tec Endothelial Analysis System“ verwendet, das auf der Methode des festen Zählrahmens basiert und nur eine kleine Stichprobe von 15 bis 40 Endothelzellen berücksichtigt. Das Messergebnis hängt daher von der Platzierung des Zählrahmens und der manuellen Nachkorrektur der im Zählrahmen gewerteten Zellen ab. Um den Stichprobenumfang zu erhöhen und eine höhere Objektivität zu schaffen, haben wir auf Grundlage von „Deep Learning“ eine neue Methode entwickelt, die alle sichtbaren Endothelzellen im Bild vollautomatisch erkennt. Ziel dieser Studie ist der Vergleich dieser neuen Methode mit dem konventionellen Rhine-Tec-System. 9375 archivierte phasenkontrastmikroskopische Bildaufnahmen von konsekutiven Transplantaten aus der Lions Hornhautbank wurden mit der Deep-Learning-Methode
evaluiert und mit den korrespondierenden archivierten Analysen des Rhine-Tec-Systems verglichen. Zum Vergleich der Mittelwerte wurden Bland-Altman- und Korrelationsanalysen durchgeführt. Es ergaben sich vergleichbare Ergebnisse beider Methoden. Die mittlere Differenz zwischen Rhine-Tec-System und der Deep-Learning-Methode betrug lediglich − 23 Zellen/mm2 (95%-Konfidenzintervall: − 29 – − 17). Es zeigte sich eine statistisch signifikant positive Korrelation zwischen den beiden Methoden mit 0,748. Auffällig in der Bland-Altman-Analyse waren gehäufte Abweichungen im Zelldichtenbereich zwischen 2000 und 2500 Zellen/mm2 mit höheren Werten beim Rhine-Tec-System. Die vergleichbaren Ergebnisse bez. der Zelldichtenmesswerte unterstreichen die Wertigkeit des Deep-Learning-basierten Verfahrens. Die Abweichungen im Bereich der formalen Schwelle für eine Transplantatfreigabe von 2000 Zellen/mm2 sind sehr wahrscheinlich durch die höhere Objektivität der
Deep-Learning-Methode erklärbar und der Tatsache geschuldet, dass Messrahmen und manuelle Nachkorrektur unter Berücksichtigung des Gesamtbildes aus der Endothelbewertung jeweils gezielt ausgewählt worden waren. Diese vollständige Sichtung des Transplantatendothels und Qualitätsbeurteilung kann aktuell noch nicht durch das Deep-Learning-System ersetzt werden und ist somit weiterhin die wichtigste Grundlage der Transplantatfreigabe zur Keratoplastik.
Starting from Scratch: Experiences from Developing the First Vascular Anastomotic Training Program in North Macedonia Using the Porcine Thigh as a Simulation Model
Authors: Dimovska Eleonora O.F. , Georgieva Gordana , Srbov Blagoja , Dzonov Boro , Stevanovski Goran , Pejkova Sofija 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicrosurgical reconstruction constitutes a fundamental part of plastic and reconstructive surgery. It demands high dexterity and intricate technical skills. Its steep learning curve benefits from thorough training throughout residency, where using realistic simulation models in the appropriate sequence of complexity progression is essential in ensuring patient safety prior to progressing to a clinical setting. Commencing training on microvascular-like small diameter vessels could prove unsuitable and ineffective for inexperienced surgeons, however, the larger diameter neurovascular structures in the porcine thigh can provide excellent anastomotic training without compromising the animal tissue training sought after by residents. We present the results from implementing the first vascular anastomotic course in our country, where reconstructive theory was combined with simulated anastomotic training on the porcine thigh. Junior plastic surgery residents described acquiring comprehensive knowledge of reconstructive techniques and could successfully complete anastomoses, despite none to minimal previous experience. Using the porcine thigh should be encouraged as a start-up vascular anastomotic training tool as it provides realistic conditions and tissue handling training, and could improve quality of further training on microvascular structures.
Nutrition in Pediatric Burns
Authors: Mrazek Amy A. , Simpson Preston , Lee Jong O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNutrition and modulation of the hypermetabolic response to acute burns are reviewed in this article. Methods to determine caloric requirements are evaluated, including indirect calorimetry and predictive equations. Individual nutritional components of carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins, and trace elements are discussed specifically in relation to acute burn care. Selection of formula and route of administration are outlined, with an enteral high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet being preferable. Awareness and recognition of the signs and symptoms of malnutrition is critical in the management of variable caloric needs throughout hospitalization. Lastly, the catabolic state of acute burns is addressed through early excision and grafting and implementation of various pharmacologic agents, including growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3, insulin, propranolol, and oxandrolone. Through a multipronged approach to nutrition, pediatric burn patients are provided the substrates for successful recovery and rehabilitation.
Benefits and Process of Providing Peer Support for Pediatric Burn Survivors and Caregivers during Inpatient and Outpatient Phases of Recovery
Authors: Rosenberg Marta , Rodriguez Robert , Grant Staci , Miguel Alicia San , Lee Jong O. , Rosenberg Laura 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe World Health Organization reveals that pediatric burns represent a large portion of burns globally (61). Increases in survival rates have guided clinical and research focus on physical, psychological, and social outcomes. Research on other childhood illnesses has shown the efficacy of social support throughout recovery. In the pediatric burn literature, studies have shown the efficacy of burn camps for promoting positive interactions among survivors, learning coping skills, and facilitating socialization and reintegration. However, few studies have focused on the benefits of peer support for pediatric burn survivors and their caregivers in the inpatient and outpatient phases of recovery. This descriptive paper identifies options for building resilience for pediatric burn survivors through peer support in the inpatient and outpatient phases of recovery. The authors discuss options for providing peer support during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the pediatric intensive care unit, general pediatric floor, and outpatient setting.
Wound Management of Pediatric Burns
Authors: Greenhalgh David G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe goal for treating pediatric burns is to allow the patient to heal with as little scarring as possible. Compared to older children and adults, very small children have anatomic differences that alter their treatment. They have thinner skin that leads to a higher risk for full-thickness burns. Children also tend to freeze when touching a hot item, so that the prolonged contact also leads to deeper burns. Two healing strategies are needed to treat these wounds. One must optimize reepithelialization in superficial burns to reduce scarring. Deeper burns require skin grafting, but there are techniques, such as the use of “sheet” autograft skin that lead to excellent outcomes. Strategies to treat the massive pediatric burn will also be covered. Finally, there are instances where different strategies are needed to cover exposed bone or tendon. The ultimate goal is to return the skin to as normal a state as possible.
Global Surgery: Burn Outreach by Shriners Children's Texas
Authors: Zapata-Sirvent Ramon L. , Branski Ludwik K. , Lee Jong O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlobal surgery describes a rapidly developing field that seeks to improve surgical treatment internationally, specifically in those specialized treatments that are not readily accessible, considered complex and expensive. Burns cause 300,000 deaths annually, 90% of which occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Burns are a public health problem since they can cause disability and death. Shriners Children's Texas is a unique model of global surgery for an important number of countries in Central and South Americas and Mexico, providing specialized acute burn care with low mortality for burned children.Survivors of severe burns may face devastating sequelae due to burn scar contractures and hypertrophic burn scars that may limit the social reintegration. Burn reconstruction is not easily accessible to patients in LMICs. After discharge from acute burn treatment at our hospital, patients may return every 6 months for in-person follow-up to assess any surgical, psychological, or rehabilitative needs. Telemedicine allows for monitoring of postoperative results and evaluation for new surgical procedures. Follow-up clinic visits called outreach clinics held in international hospitals or international Shriners Temples allow for evaluation of follow-up patients and new patients with reconstructive needs that may benefit from a treatment in Shriners Children's Texas in Galveston, Texas.
Yet another turn? priotising the needs of diplomacy over the capabilities of generative AI
Authors: Sevin Efe , Eken M. Evren 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this forum piece, we argue that the widespread heraldry regarding artificial intelligence (AI) as a panacea in diplomacy and articulating research agendas on the changes it might bring are potentially clouding the future hardships of diplomacy. With all its subfields, International Relations (IR) has gone through numerous “turns”, especially during the last two decades which made encounters poised to change the nature of foreign policy—such as new actors, ideas, or technologies—a familiar experience. While these discussions enriched the discipline of IR, hardly any of these turns lived up to their promises. Certainly, we have an increasingly challenging and complex multipolar world ahead of us. This manifests that a broader network of actors, interests, and technologies needs to be considered. AI, indeed, has the potential capacity to assist and disrupt the ways diplomacy works. Yet heralding an anticipatory practice and study of diplomacy based on AI’s socio-technical imaginaries and calculations rather than as a participatory process centered on immediate human interaction, resources, intelligence, and rapport bears the potential of obscuring the analytical clarity needed. In short, we argue that the rise of AI should not be discussed as yet another new turn poised to cure diplomacy and international relations. We conclude our piece by reminding scholars to bring analytical focus on what lies at the heart of diplomacy.
Compromised values: a comparative response during the COVID-19 crisis by ethical vegans and vegetarians
Authors: Díaz Estela M. , Almiron Núria , Aranceta-Reboredo Olatz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAnimal advocacy is a complex phenomenon. As a social movement encompassing diverse moral stances and lifestyle choices, veganism and vegetarianism (veg*) are at its core, and animal testing raises as a notably contentious issue within its members. This paper addresses this critical topic. Employing data from an international quantitative survey conducted between June and July 2021, our research explores how ethical vegans and vegetarians responded during the COVID-19 crisis. By comparing the experiences and choices between the two groups, we aimed to understand the variances in attitudes and behaviors in the face of an ethical dilemma, highlighting the interplay between personal beliefs and social pressures in times of a health crisis. Our findings reveal stark contrasts in how vegans and vegetarians navigated the pandemic; vegans displayed less conformity yet experienced a significant compromise of their ethical values, particularly in their overwhelming acceptance of vaccination. This study enhances the field of veg* research and social movement studies by exploring how a social crisis shapes members’ behaviors and perspectives. Our findings also contribute to a better understanding of the challenges and prejudices that a minority group such as vegans may face and how they cope with the pressure to go against the mainstream at a time when society is polarized by a single discourse that goes against their moral values.
Enhanced interlayer Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and field-free switching in magnetic trilayers with orthogonal magnetization
Authors: Zhao Xupeng , Sun Hongli , Han Rongkun , Qin Hongrui , Wen Lianjun , Wang Hailong , Wei Dahai , Zhao Jianhua 
Published: April 2024

The indirect interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) between two magnetic layers holds significant importance in the field of spintronics and has been widely used in the construction of synthetic antiferromagnets. Recently, the interlayer Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), antisymmetric counterpart of IEC, has been discovered in magnetic trilayers with a heavy-metal spacer. In this study, we present an investigation on antisymmetric and symmetric counterparts of IEC in D022-Mn3Ga/Pt/Co trilayers with orthogonal magnetization. Due to the strong interlayer DMI across the entire multilayer, the symmetry of magnetic reversal process was broken, leading to an enhanced chiral exchange-bias field of 42.7 Oe in the Co layer. In addition, field-free spin–orbit torque (SOT) switching of D022-Mn3Ga layer has been realized in Hall bar devices. In-plane field dependence analysis of the SOT switching behavior reveals that the symmetric counterpart of IEC exhibits antiferromagnetic characteristics within the spacer thickness range of 2 nm ≤ tPt ≤5 nm. Moreover, the magnitude of both antisymmetric and symmetric counterparts of IEC exhibits an exponential decreasing trend with increasing tPt. These findings hold significant implications for the design and manipulation of three-dimensional chiral spin textures in the future spintronic devices.
Genetic variation in growth, ionic accumulation and salt tolerance indices under long-term salt stress in halophytic Tunisian sea barley (Hordeum marinum ssp. marinum)
Authors: Saoudi W. , Taamalli W. , Badri M. , Talbi O. Z. , Abdelly C. 
Published: April 2024

Context Identification of salt-tolerant genetic resources is of high importance due to the constant increase in salt-affected areas. Aims This study was conducted to assess genetic variation in salt response among and within Tunisian sea barley populations and to identify useful genotypes for future breeding programmes directed towards improving salinity tolerance. Methods The salinity response of 141 lines from 10 natural populations of Hordeum marinum ssp. marinum was characterised at a morphophysiological level, following exposure to 200 mM sodium chloride for 90 days. Key results ANOVA revealed significant differences in growth and ion accumulation between and within populations in response to salinity. The Sebkhet Ferjouna population was less affected than Sidi Othman and Tabarka; however, it accumulated relatively higher sodium and lower potassium and potassium/sodium ratio. Stress Tolerance Index (STI) and Salt Tolerance (ST) values varied significantly among populations and lines. STI was positively correlated with potassium and negatively correlated with sodium content in roots and leaves, whereas no evidence of a relationship between both cations and ST was observed. Conclusions SO7, SO28, LB5, LB25, TB1, MT3 and BK12 with high values of STI were identified as high yielding lines in control and salt stress conditions, whereas MT3, BK12, MT17, BF10, SL8, SL16 and SF32, with the highest values of ST, were characterised by a small yield loss and low sensitivity when exposed to salinity. Implications These lines constitute a genetic resource with desirable adaptation characteristics for breeding programmes towards salinity tolerance in cultivated cereals.
Preparation of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits by electrostatic spinning technique and evaluation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Ma Yizhan , Zhang Runze , Mao Xiaoyan , Li Xiaoming , Li Ting , Liang Fang , He Jing , Wen Lili , Wang Weizuo , Li Xiao , Zhang Yanhui , Yu Honghao , Lu Binhan , Yu Tianhao , Ao Qiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Artificial nerve scaffolds composed of polymers have attracted great attention as an alternative for autologous nerve grafts recently. Due to their poor bioactivity, satisfactory nerve repair could not be achieved. To solve this problem, we introduced extracellular matrix (ECM) to optimize the materials. Approach. In this study, the ECM extracted from porcine nerves was mixed with Poly(L-Lactide-co-ϵ-caprolactone) (PLCL), and the innovative PLCL/ECM nerve repair conduits were prepared by electrostatic spinning technology. The novel conduits were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile properties, and suture retention strength test for micromorphology and mechanical strength. The biosafety and biocompatibility of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits were evaluated by cytotoxicity assay with Mouse fibroblast cells and cell adhesion assay with RSC 96 cells, and the effects of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits on the gene expression in Schwann cells was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, a 10 mm rat (Male Wistar rat) sciatic defect was bridged with a PLCL/ECM nerve conduit, and nerve regeneration was evaluated by walking track, mid-shank circumference, electrophysiology, and histomorphology analyses. Main results. The results showed that PLCL/ECM conduits have similar microstructure and mechanical strength compared with PLCL conduits. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrates better biosafety and biocompatibility of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits. And the cell adhesion assay further verifies that the addition of ECM is more beneficial to cell adhesion and proliferation. RT-PCR showed that the PLCL/ECM nerve conduit was more favorable to the gene expression of functional proteins of Schwann cells. The in vivo results indicated that PLCL/ECM nerve conduits possess excellent biocompatibility and exhibit a superior capacity to promote peripheral nerve repair. Significance. The addition of ECM significantly improved the biocompatibility and bioactivity of PLCL, while the PLCL/ECM nerve conduit gained the appropriate mechanical strength from PLCL, which has great potential for clinical repair of peripheral nerve injuries.
Evaluating Japan’s revised heat-health warning system in the face of recent escalating heat stress
Authors: Guo Qiang , Yuan Lei , Ng Chris Fook Sheng , Hashizume Masahiro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In 2021, the Japanese government changed the exposure indicator of the national heat-health warning system (HHWS) from air temperature (T
air) to Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (T
WBG), reflecting the growing concerns about the escalating humid heat stress. However, a clear validation of the advantages of using heat stress indicators (HSIs) that combine T
air and humidity in heat alerts and heat-health applications are still being explored. Here, by using the latest epidemiological data (2015–2019) before the COVID-19 pandemic, we examined the rationality of the revised HHWS for 47 prefectures in Japan. Specifically, we investigated the predictive power of different HSIs in modeling mortality and morbidity caused by different diseases (e.g. all causes, circulatory, respiratory, and heatstroke) and age groups. Our findings revealed substantial differences among the HSIs in identifying periods of intense heat stress, potentially leading to differences in the activation dates of the HHWS if various indicators were employed. While HSIs exhibited comparable performances in modeling daily mortality, our analysis demonstrates distinct advantages in using T
WBG for daily morbidity predictions, and the quasi-Akaike Information Criterion of T
WBG is much lower than the previously used T
air. The merits of T
WBG are consistent in modeling all causes, non-external, as well as heatstroke-related morbidity. Overall, this study underscores the practicality of incorporating HSIs in heat stress early warnings and provides critical insights for refining the HHWS to mitigate health impacts from heat stress under future climate change.
Pulse optimization for high-precision motional-mode characterization in trapped-ion quantum computers
Authors: Liang Qiyao , Kang Mingyu , Li Ming , Nam Yunseong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
High-fidelity operation of quantum computers requires precise knowledge of the physical system through characterization. For motion-mediated entanglement generation in trapped ions, it is crucial to have precise knowledge of the motional-mode parameters such as the mode frequencies and the Lamb–Dicke parameters. Unfortunately, the state-of-the-art mode-characterization schemes do not easily render the mode parameters in a sufficiently accurate and efficient fashion for large-scale devices, due to the unwanted excitation of adjacent modes in the frequency space when targeting a single mode, an effect known as the cross-mode coupling. Here, we develop an alternative scheme that leverages the degrees of freedom in pulse design for the characterization experiment such that the effects of the cross-mode coupling is actively silenced. Further, we devise stabilization methods to accurately characterize the Lamb–Dicke parameters even when the mode frequencies are not precisely known due to experimental drifts or characterization inaccuracies. We extensively benchmark our scheme in simulations of a three-ion chain and discuss the parameter regimes in which the shaped pulses significantly outperform the traditional square pulses.
Temporal convolutional network for prediction of Li-ion batteries capacity fade knee
Authors: d’Apolito Luigi , Hong Hanchi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries are widely used for electric vehicles for fast charging capabilities and driving range, but they are characterized by a deterioration dependent from their operational conditions. The process of battery degradation shows a first stage when the degradation proceeds at a slow pace, followed by a stage when the battery abruptly deteriorates. The transition between these two stages is known as capacity fade curve knee. Predicting the capacity fade curve knee can be used to improve the lifetime of the battery by modifying the charging strategies, planning the maintenance, deciding warranty conditions in more cost-effective way and is also important in second life (when the battery is used in a less-demanding application), by timely preventing an unreversible aging trend that could occur in the first life. The present study aims to develop a novel technique to predict the occurrence of the capacity fade curve knee, introducing an engineered state of health indicator and using a Temporal Convolutional Network (TNC) that combines dilations and residual connections with causal convolutions. The effect of the choice of different initial cycles on the prediction accuracy has been studied and a heuristic uncertainty quantification has been provided to obtain an approximate measure of the prediction quality. Moreover, the network has been trained using inputs with different sampling frequencies and results have been compared. The prediction metrics of the present method have been compared to other methods, showing the benefit of this method for the early forecast of the onset of the capacity fade curve knee.