bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct labelling of BAC‐DNA by rolling‐circle amplification
Authors: Berr Alexandre , Schubert Ingo 
Published: January 2006

SummaryEfficient amplification and labelling of probes are crucial for successful sequence detection by fluorescentin situhybridization (FISH). In particular, chromosome painting to visualize chromosome segments or entire chromosomes by FISH requires large amounts of probes derived from extended templates. There are a number of techniques for probe labelling. The most widespread is nick translation, based on the replicational incorporation of modified nucleotides. Here we demonstrate successful rolling‐circle amplification (RCA) of very low amounts of long circular template sequences (single bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) or pools of BACs). The amplicons were suitable for labelling by nick translation and subsequent FISH. A novel achievement is the use of RCA for simultaneous amplification and labelling of single BACs or BAC pools in a labour‐ and cost‐effective manner.
The autophosphorylated Ser686, Thr688, and Ser689 residues in the intracellular juxtamembrane domain of XA21 are implicated in stability control of rice receptor‐like kinase
Authors: Xu Wei‐Hui , Wang Yong‐Sheng , Liu Guo‐Zhen , Chen Xiuhua , Tinjuangjun Porntip , Pi Li‐Ya , Song Wen‐Yuan 
Published: January 2006

SummaryThe rice gene Xa21 confers resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Xa21 encodes a receptor‐like kinase (XA21). We demonstrate that XA21 autophosphorylates residues Ser686, Thr688 and Ser689 in vitro. Substitution of these residues with alanines did not affect the autophosphorylation function of this kinase, but specifically destabilized the resistance protein in vitro and in vivo. Plants carrying these same substitutions in XA21 were compromised in their resistance to the normally avirulent Xoo Philippine race 6. Additionally, we show that wild‐type XA21 and the kinase‐dead mutant with the invariable Lys736 residue mutated to glutamic acid were also proteolytically degraded in protein extracts. Finally, we show a correlation between the in vitro degradation and in vivo instability of the proteins. We propose that autophosphorylation of Ser686, Thr688 and Ser689 functions to stabilize XA21 against the developmentally controlled proteolytic activity.
Overcoming hybridization barriers in potato
Authors: Jansky S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe cultivated potato is a major crop worldwide. It is a high input crop with complex quality requirements at harvest and during storage. Potato breeders are fortunate to have access to a very diverse and accessible germplasm resource. Wild Solanum relatives provide genetic diversity as well as genes for valuable production and quality traits. In most cases, crossing success can be predicted based on endosperm balance number (EBN), or effective ploidy, of the parents. Crossing barriers between most wild species and the cultivated potato are the consequence of differences in EBN and can be easily overcome using ploidy manipulations and bridge crosses. The most common ploidy manipulations include haploid extraction to reduce EBN and 2n gamete production to increase EBN. Additional methods to produce fertile interspecific hybrids include mentor pollination, embryo rescue, hormone treatments, reciprocal crosses, selection of cross‐compatible genotypes and somatic fusion. Knowledge of crossing barriers and mechanisms to overcome them allows potato breeders access to the rich gene pool in the genus Solanum.
Inducing male sterility in Brassica napus L. by a sulphonylurea herbicide, tribenuron‐methyl
Authors: Yu C. , Hu S. , He P. , Sun G. , Zhang C. , Yu Y. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA sulphonylurea herbicide, tribenuron‐methyl, methyl 2‐[[[[(4‐methoxy‐6‐methyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl) methylamino] carbonyl] amino] sulphonyl] benzoate, was used to induce male sterility in rapeseed. Application of 0.2 μg tribenuron‐methyl per plant at the bolting stage with the longest floral bud <2 mm and repeated 15 days afterwards, resulted in 94.5–100% plants being male sterile in six different breeding lines, but combined with low phytotoxicity. However, excessive double application of the chemical (>0.2 μg per plant) did have some significant impact on rapeseed, including stunting, fading leaves and petals, reduction in the size of floral parts and a shortened duration of flowering. The percentage of hybrid seeds from ‘84004‘ treated with 0.2 μg × 2 tribenuron‐methyl per plant and pollinated by a male parent ‘Huaye’ was 92.7%, which met the hybridity requirement in China. The results suggest that tribenuron‐methyl could be used as an efficient chemical hybridizing agent.
Validation of two major quantitative trait loci for fusarium head blight resistance in Chinese wheat line W14
Authors: Chen J. , Griffey C. A. , Saghai Maroof M. A. , Stromberg E. L. , Biyashev R. M. , Zhao W. , Chappell M. R. , Pridgen T. H. , Dong Y. , Zeng Z. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIdentity of quantitative trait loci (QTL) governing resistance to fusarium head blight (FHB) initial infection (type I), spread (type II), kernel infection, and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation was characterized in Chinese wheat line W14. Ninety‐six double‐haploid lines derived from a cross of W14 × ’Pion2684’ were evaluated for FHB resistance in two greenhouse and one field experiment. Two known major QTL were validated on chromosomes 3BS and 5AS in W14 using the composite interval mapping method. The 3BS QTL had a larger effect on resistance than the 5AS QTL in the greenhouse experiments, whereas, the 5AS QTL had a larger effect in the field experiment. These two QTL together explained 33%, 35%, and 31% of the total phenotypic variation for disease spread, kernel infection, and DON concentration in the greenhouse experiments, respectively. In the field experiment, the two QTL explained 34% and 26% of the total phenotypic variation for FHB incidence and severity, respectively. W14 has both QTL, which confer reduced initial infection, disease spread, kernel infection, and DON accumulation. Therefore, marker‐assisted selection (MAS) for both QTL should be implemented in incorporating W14 resistance into adapted backgrounds. Flanking markers Xbarc133 and Xgwm493 on 3BS and Xbarc117 and Xbarc56 on 5AS are suggested for MAS.
Gli‐DtT1 and a novel γ‐gliadin gene in Aegilops tauschii
Authors: Hassani M. E. , Shariflou M. R. , Gianibelli M. C. , Sharp P. J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractGenetic studies of F2 progeny from a cross between Aegilops tauschii accessions AUS18913 and CPI110856 revealed that Gli‐DtT1 is tightly linked with a γ‐gliadin gene at the Gli‐Dt7 locus located on the short arm of chromosome 1D. Acid‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A‐PAGE) used to examine the gliadins of this population revealed two genes that encode a ω‐gliadin (T1) protein and a novel γ‐gliadin protein. The ω‐gliadin (T1) protein and the novel γ‐gliadin protein cosegregated, while having 0.69 cM recombination with the other locus (Gli‐Dt1). N‐terminal sequences were used to further classify the proteins studied.
Development of a new cytoplasmic‐nuclear male‐sterility line of soybean and inheritance of its male‐fertility restorability
Authors: Bai Y. N. , Gai J. Y. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBased on previous work, a new cytoplasmic‐nuclear male‐sterile line NJCMS2A along with its maintainer NJCMS2B of soybean was released through four episodes of nuclear substitution backcrossing with male‐sterile plants of (N8855 × N1628)F2 as donor parent and N1628 as recurrent parent. The male sterility of NJCMS2A was complete and female fertility was normal. A series of restorers from different sources were screened out and evaluated. It was found that from the crosses between NJCMS2A and its restorers, two pairs of duplicate dominant genes, allelic to those of NJCMS1A, controlled the inheritance of fertility restorability of NJCMS2A.
In vivo confocal fluorescence imaging of skin surface cellular morphology: a pilot study of its potential as a clinical tool in skin research
Authors: Leeson D. Thorn , Lynn Meyers C. , Subramanyan K. 
Published: January 2006

SynopsisThe cellular morphology of the stratum corneum was studied in vivo using a novel imaging technique that uses confocal fluorescence microscopy in combination with topical application of a fluorescent contrast agent. Images obtained with this method show a strong variation in skin surface cellular morphology among healthy subjects. The results of several clinical studies suggest that cellular morphology is affected by the efficiency of the process of desquamation. As such, cellular morphology shows strong potential to serve as an indicator of skin health that yields mechanistic insight into the origins of skin ailments, such as xerosis, and the effectiveness of their treatments.
Investigating hair properties relevant for hair ‘handle’. Part I: hair diameter, bending and frictional properties1
Authors: Wortmann F.‐J. , Schwan‐Jonczyk A. ,   In cooperation with the working group‘Hair Care Products’ of the DGK (Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Wissenschaftliche und Angewandte Kosmetik e.V.: German Association for Scientific and Applied Cosmetics)
Published: January 2006

SynopsisThe expert working group ‘Hair Care Products’ of the DGK currently conducts a wide study to contribute to the understanding of how single hair fibre and hair collective properties contribute towards hair ‘handle’ and ‘feel’. During the first stage of this study four hair types were selected from a large group of individual European hair braids, according to either similar or widely different panel ratings for handle. Against the background of the panel test and the state of the literature the working group readily identified the bending properties of single fibres interacting in the tress as a fibre collective and fibre friction as being of central relevance for hair ‘handle’ and ‘feel’. Fibre diameters of the hair types were determined by Optical Fibre Diameter Analyzer and by weighing. From these data mean ellipticity and bending stiffness distributions were calculated. Single fibre friction was determined by the capstan method in the root, middle and tip regions. Significant differences were determined between the hair types in diameters, ellipticity, bending stiffness and friction. The results lead to conclude that ‘handle’ is perceived as inferior when the hair is thick and bending stiffness thus high. For such hair differences in handle rating are related to differences in friction, namely in the tip region. For thin and thus ‘soft’ hair fibre friction seems to play only a minor role.
Additionality of public R&D grants in a transition economy
Authors: Czarnitzki Dirk , Licht Georg 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis paper examines the input and output additionality of public R&D subsidies in Western and Eastern Germany. We estimate the impact of public R&D grants on firms’ R&D and innovation input. Based on the results of this first step we compare the impact of publicly funded private R&D on innovation output with the output effect of R&D funded out of firms’ own pockets. We employ microeconometric evaluation methods using firm‐level data derived from the Mannheim Innovation Panel. Our results point towards a large degree of additionality in public R&D grants with regard to innovation input measured as R&D expenditures and innovation expenditures, as well as with regard to innovation output measured by patent applications. Input additionality has been more pronounced in Eastern Germany during the transition period than in Western Germany. However, R&D productivity is still larger for the established Western German innovation system than for Eastern Germany. Hence, a regional redistribution of public R&D subsidies might improve the overall innovation output of the German economy.
Psoriasis confined strictly to vitiligo areas – a Koebner‐like phenomenon?
Authors: Berger TG , Kiesewetter F , Maczek C , Bauer N , Lueftl M , Schuler G , Simon M 
Published: January 2006

AbstractVitiligo and psoriasis are both common skin disorders. However, psoriasis strictly confined to pre‐existing vitiligo areas is rare and suggests a causal relationship. We report here on two patients with a strict anatomical colocalization of vitiligo and psoriasis. The histopathological examinations showed typical changes for both diseases together with a dense infiltrate of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. By immunohistochemistry, intracytoplasmatic granzyme B and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) were detected within the T‐cell population, suggesting the functional activity of these cells and the creation of a local T helper 1 (Th1)‐cytokine milieu. Additionally, in one patient we could identify anti‐melanocytic T cells by tetramer staining and enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT) analysis. These skin‐infiltrating lymphocytes might trigger, by the local production of Th‐1 cytokines such as TNF‐α and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), the eruption of psoriatic plaques in patients with a genetic predisposition for psoriasis.
Febrile ulceronecrotic pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta with fatal outcome
Authors: Malnar T , Milavec‐Puretic V , Radoš J , Žarkovic K , Dobric I 
Published: January 2006

AbstractUlceronecrotic Mucha–Habermann disease is a severe, febrile form of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta. The condition may sometimes have a fatal outcome, especially in elderly patients. In this paper, we are reporting on a 60‐year‐old male patient who suffered from the eruption of erythematous, haemorrhagic, ulceronecrotic papules accompanied by high temperature. Erosions and ulceronecrotic papules covered over 80% of his body. Three weeks after his admittance to our hospital, clinical signs resembling ileus together with the leucocytosis occurred. The patient was transferred to the department of internal medicine and later to the surgery department. The fulminant course of the disease could not be stopped, and the patient died of severe intestinal and colon gangrene caused by the massive thrombosis of superior mesenteric artery. Up to date, only 23 cases of this severe form of the disease have been reported, and even with the early recognition, fulminant course may lead to death.
Impaired Fasting Glucose Is Associated with Increased Arterial Stiffness in Elderly People without Diabetes Mellitus: The Rotterdam Study
Authors: Van Popele Nicole M. , Elizabeth Hak A. , Mattace‐Raso Francesco U. S. , Bots Michiel L. , Van Der Kuip Deirdre A.M. , Reneman Robert S. , Hoeks Arnold P. G. , Hofman Albert , Grobbee Diederick E. , Witteman Jacqueline C. M. 
Published: January 2006

OBJECTIVES: To study the association between impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and arterial stiffness in older adults.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional population‐based study.SETTING: The Rotterdam Study, a Dutch population‐based cohort study.PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand nine hundred eighty‐seven subjects aged 60 and older.MEASUREMENTS: Arterial stiffness assessed by measuring common carotid arterial distensibility and glucose status classified into three categories: normal fasting glucose (NFG) (fasting glucose <6.1 mmol/L), IFG (fasting glucose 6.1–6.9 mmol/L), and diabetes mellitus (DM).RESULTS: In the total cohort, common carotid distensibility decreased with increasing impairment of glucose metabolism. Subjects younger than 75 with IFG were comparable with subjects with NFG with respect to arterial stiffness. Subjects aged 75 and older with IFG had stiffer arteries than subjects with NFG, reaching the same arterial stiffness as subjects with DM. For subjects younger than 75, mean difference in distensibility coefficient between subjects with NFG and with IFG was 0.1 (95% confidence interval (CI)=−0.04–0.05, P=.88) and between subjects with NFG and with DM was 1.2 (95% CI=0.7–1.7, P<.001). For subjects aged 75 and older, the mean difference between these groups was 0.7 (95% CI=0.2–1.2, P=.007) and 0.8 (0.3–1.4; P=.002), respectively. In the total cohort, fasting glucose was strongly associated with carotid distensibility (β‐coefficient=−0.29, P<.001).CONCLUSION: IFG is related to arterial stiffness in elderly subjects. An advanced stage of arterial stiffness, comparable with that of subjects with DM, is only reached at the age of 75.
RAPID HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETECTION OF FUROSINE (ε‐N‐2‐FUROYLMETHYL‐L‐LYSINE) IN YOGURT AND CHEESE MARKETED IN TURKEY*
Authors: TOKUŞOĞLU ÖZLEM , AKALIN A. SİBEL , UNAL KEMAL 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACT Furosine (ε‐N‐2‐furoylmethyl‐L‐lysine) content determination in the yogurt and different cheese types (pickled white, kasar, processed, canned tulum, blue‐veined and mozzarella cheeses) marketed in Turkey was performed using ion‐pair reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). Calibration study (R2 = 0.9999), analytical method validation and recovery studies gave satisfactory results. The lowest furosine values were observed in pickled white cheeses (5.35 ± 0.01 to 7.28 ± 0.02 mg/100 g protein). All cheeses except pickled white showed furosine values between 182.16 ± 0.12 (canned tulum) and 261.32 ± 0.10 mg/100 g protein (ripened kasar). The highest content of furosine was observed in whole yogurt (316.47 ± 0.17 mg/100 g protein) which could be because of severe heat treatment and the addition of milk powder during the manufacturing process. The method provides a rapid, reproducible and accurate determination of this Amadori compound (ε‐deoxy‐fructosyl‐lysine) in yogurt and cheese samples.
PREVALENCE OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN SOME TURKISH FOODSTUFFS
Authors: ÖKTEM AYSEL BAYHAN , BAYRAM GÖKTUĞ , CEYLAN AHMET ERIŞ , YENTÜR GÜLDEREN 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACT In this study, the presence of Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated in basic groups of foods in Ankara, Turkey between 2001 and 2002. Eighty prepared ground meat, 100 white cheese and 100 parsley samples were obtained from different markets where they were offered for consumption. L. monocytogenes was detected according to the method of ISO Draft International Standard. Fraser Broth was used for enrichment process, and isolation of Listeria spp. was carried out by Oxford Agar. L. monocytogenes was then identified by biochemical and serological tests.L. monocytogenes was isolated from 13.75, 4 and 2% of 80 prepared ground beef, 100 white cheese and 100 parsley samples, respectively. The results indicate that these foodstuffs have risk of L. monocytogenes. Contamination of L. monocytogenes was not detected in packaged ground beef and white cheese samples. High incidence rate of L. monocytogenes was noted for the samples from open and local market.
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT MARGARINES AND BUTTERS FROM PAKISTAN WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON TRANS UNSATURATED CONTENTS
Authors: ANWAR FAROOQ , BHANGER M.I. , IQBAL SHAHID , SULTANA BUSHRA 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACT Fatty acid (FA) composition and isomeric trans unsaturated contents in selected brands of margarines and butter, which are more popular among general consumers of Pakistan, has been reported in this study. A sum of 10 butter and 10 margarine samples, collected from different bakers, confectioners and retail outlets, was analyzed. FA methyl esters were prepared, and quantitative measurements were made using a methyl lignoserate‐coated stationary phase, capillary column (SP‐2340, 60 m × 0.25 mm, 0.20 μm), with flame ionization detection. The contents of saturated FA, cis monounsaturated FA and cis polyunsaturated FA were in the following ranges: margarines 38.9–53.1, 21.9–35.8, 7.45–21.5% and butter 63.7–68.5, 23.0–27.0 and 1.20–2.94%, respectively. Results showed significantly higher amounts of trans FA (TFA) in margarines ranged from 2.45 to 21.1%, whereas butter samples contained less than 5.00% of TFA.
COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR ANALYZING REPLICATED PREFERENCE TESTS
Authors: CHANG COCHRANE CHUN‐YEN , DUBNICKA SUZANNE , LOUGHIN THOMAS 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACT Preference testing is commonly used in consumer sensory evaluation. Traditionally, it is done without replication, effectively leading to a single 0/1 (binary) measurement on each panelist. However, to understand the nature of the preference, replicated preference tests are a better approach, resulting in binomial counts of preferences on each panelist. Variability among panelists then leads to overdispersion of the counts when the binomial model is used and to an inflated Type I error rate for statistical tests of preference. Overdispersion can be adjusted by Pearson correction or by other models such as correlated binomial or beta‐binomial. Several methods are suggested or reviewed in this study for analyzing replicated preference tests and their Type I error rates and power are compared. Simulation studies show that all methods have reasonable Type I error rates and similar power. Among them, the binomial model with Pearson adjustment is probably the safest way to analyze replicated preference tests, while a normal model in which the binomial distribution is not assumed is the easiest.
Analysis of G(-174)C IL-6 polymorphism and plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Libra M , Signorelli S S , Bevelacqua Y , Navolanic P M , Bevelacqua V , Polesel J , Talamini R , Stivala F , Mazzarino M C , Malaponte G 
Published: January 2006

Aims:To determine whether the G(−174)C interleukin 6 (IL-6) polymorphism influences the development of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This was investigated by comparing the distribution of G(−174)C genotypes between patients with type 2 diabetes and PAD (PAD+) and those with type 2 diabetes but without PAD (PAD−). Plasma concentrations of IL-6, fibrinogen, C reactive protein (CRP), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also compared in PAD+and PAD−patients.Methods:Blood samples were collected from 146 PAD+and 144 PAD−patients.SfaNI was used to determine the G(−174)C genotype. Plasma concentrations of IL-6, fibrinogen, CRP, and VEGF were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results:The GG genotype was more common in PAD+patients than in PAD−patients. PAD+patients also had increased mean plasma concentrations of IL-6, fibrinogen, CRP, and VEGF compared with PAD−patients. Mean plasma concentrations of IL-6, fibrinogen, and CRP in both PAD+and PAD−patients were higher in those with the GG genotype than in those with the GC or CC genotypes. In contrast, mean plasma concentrations of VEGF in PAD+and PAD−patients were not significantly different between those with different G(−174)C genotypes.Conclusions:These results support a model in which the GG genotype promotes PAD development among individuals with type 2 diabetes by inducing increased release of IL-6. Higher concentrations of IL-6 among those with the GG genotype is associated with increased plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and CRP.