bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐uterine Death Due to Foetal Erythroblastosis
Authors: Townsend Lance , Shelton J. Grantley 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

When foetal death in utero due to Rh isoimmunization has been diagnosed, labour should be induced by artificial rupture of the membranes and intravenous oxytocic infusion.
This method is safe and effective. Twenty patients in whom foetal death occurred between the 20th and the 35th weeks of gestation were treated in this way and all were delivered within 24 hours. There were no complications.
Adequate chemotherapy must be used.
The strength of the oxytocin infusion can be increased to 100 units per litre (or more if necessary) to initiate uterine contractions.
The method eliminates the development of hypofibrinogenaemia, which in un‐treated foetal death due to Rh iso‐immunization developed in approximately half the patients in whom the foetus was re‐tained for more than 5 weeks.
The method also relieves the patient of a period of anxiety in which depressive symptoms may develop.
Intravenous Infusion of Pitocin for the Induction of Labour
Authors: Truskett I. D. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

A series of 309 Pitocin infusions in 256 patients is presented.
The success rate was 66%.
The indications, method of induction, the obstetrical complications, foetal wastage, and neonatal morbidity is discussed.
This method of induction is practical and is usually successful in patients with uterine inertia and in patients with rupture of the membranes.
Without careful selection, the likelihood of success in patients with prolonged pregnancy is no greater than 50%.
The likelihood of success is greatly increased if surgical rupture of membranes is also carried out
Increasing the concentration above 5 units per litre does not increase the likelihood of success.
If labour is not established within 3 hours of the commencement of the infusion, the likelihood of success is markedly reduced.
Bilirubin‐Binding‐Capacity of Blood Plasma in Relation to Foetal Erythroblastosis
Authors: Watson D. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:A method is described for the determination of plasma bilirubin‐binding‐capacity (BBC).In pregnant women the capacity of the plasma to carry bilirubin exceeded the binding 5 of 7 infants of severely iso‐immunized pregnant patients had plasma BBC levels considerably less than those anticipated from the plasma albumin levels.
A Survey of Carcinoma of the Cervix in the Christchurch Area 1945–1959
Authors: Louisson G. L. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:The results of treatment in 246 patients with carcinoma of the cervix over a 15‐year period are discussed.The 5‐year cure rate compares quite favourably with that for the whole of New Zealand, and also with that of trie Stockholm workers.
Post Partum Eclampsia in Nigeria
Authors: Wren Barry G. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

Seventeen patients with eclamptic fits occurring for the first time after delivery are presented.
At least 3 of the patients showed no evidence of pre‐eclampsia before delivery.
Two patients had post partum haemorrhage due to retained pieces of placental tissue.
A patient with convulsions occurring 11 days after delivery is presented and it is suggested that there may be a connection between viable placental tissue and eclampsia.
There were no maternal deaths in the post partum group, which is in contrast to the ante partum group, where there were 8 deaths in 46 patients.
Resting Tension in the Human Uterus
Authors: Wood Carl 
Published: February 2008

Summary:J. The resting tension of the uterus has been determined by cutting strips of muscle from the uterus at hysterotomy and Caesarean section and subsequently measuring their resting tension in vitro.2. A rise in resting tension in the uterus occurs in late pregnancy and this must partly contribute to the resting intra‐amniotic pressure.3. A further rise in the resting tension of the lower uterine segment occurs during the progression of labour and this constitutes part of the resistance to the uterine expulsive force.4. The resistance of the lower uterine segment will depend partly on the expansile capacity of the muscle and partly on the size of the presenting part distending it.5. The factors influencing the rate of cervical dilatation include not only the uterine expulsive force and the cervical resistance, but also the dual effects of stretching of the lower segment in labour, an increase in resistance to dilatation on the one hand and a decrease in contractile power on the other.
Secondary Haemorrhage from the Ovarian Blood Vessels—A Case Report
Authors: McDonald Ian A. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:1. Secondary haemorrhage from an ovarian blood vessel has been described after a difficult hysterectomy.2. Bleeding occurred upwards into the soft tissues of the loin and it was some days before external evidence of the haemorrhage was seen.3. Pressure on sympathetic nerve fibres produced a severe degree of paralytic ileus, although bowel sounds were increased.4. Chest signs were present because of elevation of the diaphragm on the affected side.5. It was important to differentiate this condition from a mechanical obstruction of the bowel and from a perforated hollow viscus in order to avoid unnecessary surgery.6. A considerable amount of air remained in the abdominal cavity for a week after laparotomy.
Evaluation of 6‐Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase in Carcinoma in Situ of the Cervix
Authors: Speechely R. A. , Way Stanley 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

Estimations of 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in vaginal fluid have been carried out on 24 patients (33 tests) with carcinoma in situ and 9 patients (13 tests) with invasive carcinoma of the cervix.
A negative result was obtained in 14 tests in the first group and 1 test in the second group.
The proportion of false negative results obtained leads us to conclude that the test as performed at present is an unsatisfactory substitute for good cytology.
Percutaneous Arterial Infusion for Pelvic Malignancy
Authors: Campbell B. L. , Green G. H. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:The technique of percutaneous catheteri‐sation of the internal iliac arteries from the contralateral femoral arteries for the infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs in pelvic cancer is described.The method was successful in 13 of 15 cases in which it was tried, the 2 failures being due to extreme tortuosity of the common iliac arteries.The only worthwhile results obtained in the 13 treated cases were palliation of such symptoms as sciatic nerve or bone pain and offensive discharge in 8 patients.There were serious complications, including 2 deaths, in 5 of the patients.The comparative ease of the technique makes the risks of treatment worth taking where palliation of symptoms is the chief aim.
Spontaneous Premature Rupture of the Membranes
Authors: Townsend Lance , Aickin D. R. , Fraillon J. M. G. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

Sixty patients with premature rupture of the membranes occurring between 26 and 37 weeks of gestation who were not in labour 48 hours later were studied prospectively.
There were 12 perinatal deaths (20%).
The average prolongation of pregnancy with a regime of strict bed rest was 14 days. This regime was considered preferable to one of active intervention, since the perinatal loss from infection was offset by the gain resulting from increased maturity.
Progestogen therapy in the doses used was ineffective in postponing the onset of labour.
Four perinatal deaths were associated with infection: in one infant a significant infection in the vagina caused a neonatal pneumonia, in another infant the pneumonia was acquired by transplacental infection, whilst in the other 2 infants the portal of entry of the infection was not demonstrated.
Serial vaginal bacteriological smears and white cell counts were usually of no assistance in detecting the foetus at risk.
Induction of labour in selected instances is not practicable in the absence of some means of detecting the foetus at risk. No such means of detection became apparent in this study.
Megaloblastic Anaemia in Pregnancy
Authors: Mellor Peter 
Published: February 2008

summaryThe Serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels have been investigated in a clinically normal series of 97 patients. There was tendency for subnormal values to be reached toward the end of pregnancy in serum folic acid levels but not in those of vitamin B12.an analysis of 9 patient with established megaloblastic anaemia seen in the period tendency for to be reached An Of patients with April, 1960‐December, 1966 in the Willingtonarea is presented. The importance of associated factors in these patients is emphasized.
Mesonephric Remnants in the Human Female
Authors: Churches C. K. 
Published: February 2008

summaryThe embryology of the mesonephric has been reviewed briefly. A syndrome has been described of persistence of the entire length of the mesonephric duct, accompanied by renal agenesis of the same side.Four case reports are presented to illustrate the clinical features.The treatment suggested is marsupialization of the vaginal aspect of the retention cyst.
Granular Cell Myoblastoma of the Vulva
Authors: Fliegner John R. H. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA case of multiple granular cell myoblas‐tomata of the vulva in a 26‐year‐old woman is described.The pathology and possible histogenesis of the condition is discussed. Evidence in favour of a neural origin is increasing.An outline is given of the treatment and prognosis of granular cell myoblastoma.
Vaginal Infections by Torulopsis Glabrata
Authors: Wilkey I. S. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryTorulopsis glabrata can be recovered from the vagina almost as frequently as Candida albicans. It can be identified readily by usual mycological procedures.Though apparently less virulent than C. albicans, T. glabrata is probably a vaginal pathogen causing a clinical syndrome resembling that of C. albicans. The treatment of infection by these two organisms appears to be the same.
The Use of Amnioscopy in the Detection of Meconium*
Authors: Barham K. A. 
Published: February 2008

Summary

Transcervical amnioscopy has been used to view the amniotic fluid of 540 patients where there was an increased risk of meconium appearing.
The technique, indications, contraindications and difficulties have been outlined.
Using the criteria described, amnioscopy detected nearly a half of those who developed meconium in the amniotic fluid.
Three types of meconium could be distinguished — light green, dark green and yellow. Some aspects of the type and duration of meconium in the amniotic fluid were considered in relationship to the foetal outcome.
When a marked reduction of liquor was detected in the otherwise clear forewaters 1 in 3 were later found to have meconium.
There were 4 perinatal deaths, 2 during labour and 2 within 24 hours of delivery. In 3 of these meconium had been detected by amnioscopy. Clear liquor throughout carried a good foetal prognosis.
The procedure provides the clinician with worthwhile information at little risk to mother or foetus.
The Value of Single Urinary Specimens for Oestrogen Estimation During Pregnancy
Authors: Mackay E. V. , Macafee C. A. J. , Anderson Caroline 
Published: February 2008

Summary

A consecutive series of 46 patients (110 tests) was studied to determine the relationship between the oestriol/creatinine ratios of 24‐hour and single urine specimens.
A satisfactory correlation was found between the 2 ratios (correlation coefficient 0.86, P < 0.001).
The single specimen urinary oestriol/creatinine ratio may have a place in the prediction of placental function, particularly at the onset of labour.
A Case of Dicephalic Monster
Authors: Leeton John 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA case is presented of a 9,500 g. (19lb. 14oz.) dicephalic monster causing obstruction to delivery after birth of the first head. It is considered that the delivery of a double monster either before or during labour, if it is judged to be greater than 2500 g. (5lb. 8oz.), is best done by Caesarean section because of the high risk of maternal morbidity associated with vaginal delivery.
The Arias‐Stella Reaction: Its value to the Clinician
Authors: Johnson Douglas G. 
Published: February 2008

Summary1. A study of 79 patients with extrauterine pregnancy and 51 patients found to have the Arias‐Stella reaction in curettings is presented.2. The value of this endometrial reaction in clinical practice is discussed.3. It is concluded that, in the diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy, the Arias‐Stella reaction is of little value to the clinician unless the possibility of pregnancy has not been considered.
The Role of Peritoneal Mononuclear Cells in the Regeneration of the Uterine Epithelium of the Rat
Authors: Singer Albert , Reid Bevan 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe question of the origin of regenerating epithelial cells in the process of metaplasia in the human female genital tract was investigated by setting up a model system in the rat. The uterine lining was injured by the injection of trichloroacetic acid into the uterus following laparotomy. At different intervals the resulting repair process was monitored by histological and autoradiographic study. To test a previous hypothesis that the progenitor cell of the regenerate epithelium was a migratory monocytic cell, autogenous peritoneal cells were removed from the rat peritoneal cavity and labelled in vitro with sodium 51chromate. They were then replaced and their subsequent fate followed by autoradiographic procedures. Within 5 hours labelled monocyte peritoneal cells were found migrating through the necrosed layers of the uterine lining. By day 5, similarly labelled cells were found as components of the new epithelium. The epithelial type when differentiated could be varied experimentally toward a stratified (keratin‐producing) or simple (mucin‐pro‐ducing) type depending on the prevailing pH in the uterine lumen.
The Application of the Kleihauer Technique to Fetal Blood
Authors: Jones W. R. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryAn acid elution technique, when applied to fetal blood, demonstrated completely eluted or “adult” erythrocytes as early as the twelfth week of gestation. In the third trimester the proportion of completely eluted cells varied from approximately 1% at 32 weeks to 2% at term. These results form a baseline for the use of the method as an accurate and rapid means of assessing the donor erythrocyte content of cord blood in babies born after intrauterine transfusion.
Utero‐vaginal Prolapse during Pregnancy
Authors: Fliegner John R. H. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryTwenty‐three patients with severe degrees of utero‐vaginal prolapse complicating pregnancy and labour have been studied.The underlying pathology, symptomatology and methods of treatment are considered.It is emphasized that the symptoms of utero‐vaginal prolapse are aggravated in the latter half of pregnancy and the traditional remission of symptoms in the middle and third trimesters occurs exceptionally.Labour is usually uninfluenced by severe degrees of utero‐vaginal prolapse, and is usually of shorter duration than normal.
Further Assessment of the Single Parameter Approach to the Diagnosis of a Positive Cervical Smear
Authors: Diamond R. A. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryLarge nuclei were present in all of a series of 256 confirmed positive smears. In 1,300 routine smears there were 345 (25.7%) which contained large nuclei and of these only 11 were positive. None of the smears rejected as negative by the 12 μ criterion was suspicious. By the use of the 12 μ criterion, 75% of routine smears can confidently be rejected as negative. The majority of negative smears containing large nuclei were either from postmenopausal or postnatal patients. Using the Vickers cytology screening apparatus, cervical cells can be spread and stained on a continuous tape, and attempts are now being made to perfect this instrument to identify large nuclei. Using this machine, or a similar device, only 25% of cervical smears need to be examined by the human eye.
An Appraisal of an Anatomically and Physiologically Correct Method of Breech Delivery: The Bracht Manoeuvre
Authors: Jotkowitz Max W. , Picton F. C. R. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe spontaneous delivery of the fetus presenting by the breech is compared with the classical “Liverpool” technique.Manoeuvres of the classical type enforce a mechanism almost diametrically opposite to that which is anatomically and physiologically correct.The Bracht manoeuvre, which is based on the latter principle, is described and the results obtained in 101 deliveries are presented and are compared with the overall results in 457 breech deliveries.
An Evaluation of Monitor Tests for the Induction of Ovulation*
Authors: Grant Alan , Robertson Struan 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe total urinary oestrogen output has been compared with the indirect signs of oestrogen production using cervical mucus and vaginal smears.Two tests were carried out on cervical mucus (fern test and spinnbarkeit or thread length), and the karyopyknotic index was estimated in the vaginal smear.The indirect indices failed to exhibit any constantly increasing change when the output of oestrogens exceeded 50 μg./day. Reference to the tables will indicate that although these indices rose up to a level of 50 μg. and thence forward to 80 μg., they did not give any sign that such a 30 fig. rise had taken place.
Haemodialysis in the Management of Chronic Renal Failure During Pregnancy
Authors: Pepperell R. J. , Adam R. , Dawborn J. K. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA 20‐year‐old woman with severe renal failure (serum creatinine 7 mg./100 ml.; blood urea 250 mg./100 ml.) was subjected to haemodialysis from the 24th to the 30th week of pregnancy in order to increase the chance of fetal survival. She had previously had 2 abortions at 16‐20 weeks.The blood urea level during dialysis varied between 25 and 98 mg./100 mi., and the serum creatinine between 2.4 mg. and 7.2 mg./100 ml. The patient developed marked polyhydramnios during the 27th week of gestation which ultimately led to premature delivery of a 1,020 g. female child who survived only 12 hours. Hyperparathyroidism also developed during the pregnancy. For the 14 months after delivery the patient's renal function has remained stable with conservative management.Haemodialysis should be considered during pregnancy if there is a sudden deterioration of renal function or development of hypertension which threatens the fetus before viability. Careful attention to anaemia, calcium malabsorption and other effects of chronic renaI failure which are less responsive to dialysis is also essential.
Du21220–A New β–Mimetic Drug: A Pilot Trial to Determine its Use as a Uterine Relaxant in Conjunction with the β–Blocking Drug Practolol
Authors: Beveridge Helen , Wood Carl 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe results of a pilot trial of the effects of the β‐mimetic drug Du21220 on uterine activity in 6 patients is reported. Du21220 was found to be an effective uterine relaxant. The only cardiovascular side‐effect was a rise in maternal heart‐rate. Practolol did not reverse the uterine inhibitory effect of Du21220, and in the one patient where tachycardia was marked, it produced a significant lowering of the heart‐rate, which suggests that practolol may be a useful adjunct to Du21220 to counteract the tachycardia which may occur. Neither drug caused hypotension.
Placental Localization with Radionuclides
Authors: Buttfield I. H. , Biggs J. S. G. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: The results in 70 patients studied by indium‐113m for placental localization using a scanner or gamma camera are presented. This method is reliable, safe, and convenient. The radiation exposure to the mother and fetus is very much less than with radiological methods.The diverging collimator provides a valuable addition to the gamma camera methods previously described.Difficulties in the diagnosis of minor degrees of placenta praevia are often due to problems in defining the position of the lower segment and possibly to changes which occur in the lower segment in late pregnancy:
Pudendal Block: An Assessment of Efficacy and of the Area of Analgesia
Authors: Schokman F. C. M. , Correy J. F. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: It is still widely taught that adequate local analgesia to the vulval area is only achieved by a combination of pudendal nerve block and local infiltration of the vulva.Pudendal block performed on a series of patients demonstrates the fallacy of this teaching. The frequent involvement of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve during pudendal block explains the more extensive area of analgesia obtained than would be expected by blocking the pudendal nerve alone.
Modern Intra‐uterine Contraceptive Devices
Authors: Baeyertz J. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Comparative results are presented with the use of the Margulie's spiral (“Gynekoil”) and Lippe's loop in 500 women in private practice over a period of 5 years. In this series there were no pregnancies due to undetected expulsion, but the pregnancy rate with the device in situ was 1.7 per 100 women years with the spiral and 0.9 for the loop. However, owing to a miscarriage rate of 70%, the term pregnancy rate was 0.42. The only major problem experienced was menorrhagia; 20% of patients with the spiral compared with 3.3% of those with the loop required removal of the device for this reason. The initial expulsion rate was 10% for the spiral and 4.6% for the loop, but since two‐thirds of the patients were able to retain the device on re‐insertion, only 3% of the total discontinued for this reason. The infection rate was 1% and there were no known perforations. The loop was found to be superior to the spiral in every way and it is not surprising that manufacture of the spiral has since been discontinued.It thus appears that the modern I.U.C.D. has a reasonable acceptability rate and meets an increasing demand for some alternative to oral contraceptives. However, its use ideally requires a certain degree of selection, skill, and supervision and although possessing some advantages over other methods, it cannot be regarded as the perfect contraceptive.
Robert Barnes and His Obstetric Forceps
Authors: M. C. Forster Frank 
Published: February 2008

SummaryRobert Barnes’ (1817‐1907) position in British obstetrics and gynaecology and his association with Australia are surveyed. The introduction of his obstetrical forceps into this country is traced. The reasons for the common, widespread use of this century‐old instrument are given. Strong criticism is made of the suitability of this design for modern clinical practice. A study made of 15 different makes of Barnes’ forceps used in Melbourne labour‐wards showed great variation in their measurements. It was concluded that (1) Barnes’ forceps should be relegated to the museum (2) a forceps designed for the type of delivery now being undertaken is required and (3) there should be standards for the manufacture of forceps.
Does Lifting Cause Prolapse?
Authors: Smibert James 
Published: February 2008

Summary: It is often stated that lifting heavy weights results in an increase in intra‐abdominal pressure and is a cause of uterine prolapse.An experiment was designed to test this theory. No evidence was found that lifting weights alters intra‐abdominal pressure.If lifting weights does play a part in the causation of prolapse, it is not through elevation of intra‐abdominal pressure.