bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clearance from Plasma and Excretion in Urine, Faeces and Bile of an Intravenous Dose of Tritiated Vitamin K1 in Man
Authors: Shearer M. J. , Mallinson C. N. , Webster G. R. , Barkhan P. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryVitamin K1‐3H (1 mg; 12 μCi) was injected intravenously into three normal men, into three patients undergoing duodenal intubation and into a patient with T‐tube drainage of the common bile duct. In the normal subjects lipid‐soluble radioactivity (representing the injected vitamin K1‐3H) disappeared rapidly from the plasma: the clearance curve for the first 6 hr could be resolved graphically into two exponential functions, the first with a T® of 20–24 min and the second with a T® of 121–150 min: water‐soluble radioactivity, presumed to be metabolic products, appeared in the plasma within 30 min after injection, reached a peak at 2 hr and remained near this level for 24 hr. Of the injected radioactivity in the normal subjects, 19–26% was recovered in the urine after 3 days and 34–38% in the faeces after 5 days: most of the radioactive material in the faeces was lipid‐soluble, which on thin‐layer chromatography had a polarity between that of vitamin K1 and vitamin K1γ‐lactone. In the patients undergoing duodenal intubation, radioactivity was detected in the duodenal juice within 20–40 min after injection of vitamin K1‐3H. Radioactivity was also detected in the bile in the patient with T‐tube drainage of the common bile duct. Most of the radioactivity in the duodenal juice and bile was water‐soluble. It seems likely that the radioactivity appearing in the faeces after intravenous injection of vitamin K1‐3H is derived from biliary excretion of water‐soluble conjugated metabolites which become lipid‐soluble by decon‐jugation during their passage through the bowel.
Metabolism and Distribution of Fibrinogen. I. FIBRINOGEN TURNOVER IN PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN HUMANS
Authors: Collen D. , Tytgat G. N. , Claeys H. , Piessens R. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe metabolism of human fibrinogen, labelled with radioactive iodine, was studied in 35 healthy subjects over a 5 yr period using eight fibrinogen preparations in 23 labelling procedures. The labelled fibrinogen was highly clottable and homogeneous on agarose gel filtration, immunoelectrophoresis and auto‐radiography. Results in the control subjects were: plasma volume 42 ± 7 ml/kg; plasma fibrinogen concentration 284 ± 71 mg/100 ml; total plasma fibrinogen pool 119 ± 40 mg/kg, representing 0.72 ± 0.07 of the total body pool; fibrinogen half‐life 4.14 ± 0.56 days; fractional catabolic rate 0.24 ± 0.04 of the plasma pool/day; fractional transcapillary efflux rate 0.60 ± 0.26 of the plasma pool/day. Comparable results were obtained for all labelled fibrinogen batches. Anticoagulation with heparin in five control subjects had no influence on the fibrinogen half‐life. Inhibition of the fibrinolytic system with tranexamic acid in five control subjects had no influence on the fibrinogen half‐life in four of them but resulted in a prolongation in one subject.A mathematical compartmental model for the metabolism of fibrinogen is proposed, consisting of one extra vascular compartment and three catabolic pathways (basic protein turnover, intravascular fibrin formation, and intravascular fibrino(geno)lysis). In physiological conditions intravascular fibrin formation or fibrino(geno)lysis are not essential in the fibrinogen turnover.
The Relevance of Factor VIII Inactivation Characteristics in the Treatment of Patients with Antibodies Directed against Factor VIII
Authors: Kernoff P. B. A. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe management of a patient with acquired haemophilia who sustained a compound fracture of the tibia is described. Haemostasis was achieved with infusions of large doses of porcine antihaemophilic globulin (AHG) and human cryoprecipitate. Investigations of the patient's antibody showed that when it was in excess it initially inactivated both porcine and human factor VIII rapidly, and then at a rate which decreased with progressive incubation. This decreasing rate of factor VIII inactivation differs from the action of a classically described factor VIII antibody which inactivates factor VIII in a linear manner when the antibody is in excess. It is suggested that the patient was more amenable to treatment with concentrated preparations of factor VIII than a patient with the classical type of factor VIII antibody, infused factor VIII persisting for longer in the patient's circulation than might be expected.
Vitamin B12‐Binding Protein Abnormality in Subjects without Myeloproliferative Disease: I. ELEVATED SERUM VITAMIN B12‐BINDING CAPACITY LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH LEUCOCYTOSIS
Authors: Carmel Ralph 
Published: March 2008

Summary. In a group of 41 patients with leucocytosis of varying degrees and diverse aetiologies, 88% had elevated serum unsaturated vitamin B12‐binding capacity (UBBC). All but three had normal serum vitamin B12 levels.The UBBC abnormality occurred even with apparently mild leucocytosis. When leucocytosis subsided, spontaneously or due to therapy, UBBC invariably fell, whereas it remained high if granulocyte counts did not fall. Serum vitamin B12 levels usually showed no change.Factors other than leucocytosis could not be related to the UBBC elevation. However, high UBBC was also found in 15 of 248 subjects with normal granulocyte counts. Seven of these were in states of granulocyte flux. In the eight remaining subjects (3% of the sample), leucocytosis apparently did not exist.Although by the screening method used here the main UBBC elevation appeared to be of beta‐globulin binder, a subsequent report shows a third protein to be responsible (being apparently elevated even in a subject with leucocytosis whose UBBC level was normal). Alpha‐globulin binding was only slightly elevated in most cases.
Vitamin B12‐Binding Protein Abnormality in Subjects without Myeloproliferative Disease: II. THE PRESENCE OF A THIRD VITAMIN B12‐BINDING PROTEIN IN SERUM
Authors: Carmel Ralph 
Published: March 2008

Summary. An elevated unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity (UBBC) had been observed in the sera of most subjects with leucocytosis of varying degrees and a few without evident leucocytosis. Although true alpha‐ and beta‐globulin binder increases of varying degree occurred, the increase in UBBC in most subjects was due mainly to a third vitamin B12‐binding protein. In addition, when UBBC fell as leucocytosis subsided, the third binder was no longer detectable. This protein resembles alpha‐globulin binder, or Transcobalamin (TC) I, in molecular weight, antigenic characteristics, and poor mediation of 57Co B12 uptake by reticulocytes. It resembles beta‐globulin binder, or TC II, in its behaviour on DEAE‐cellulose batch separation, electrophoretic mobility at pH 8.6, and, as suggested by indirect evidence, probably not carrying endogenous vitamin B12. Thus it appears identical to a serum binder previously thought to occur only in polycythaemia vera.It is apparent that the protein is present in large amounts in a variety of conditions involving leucocytosis, and possibly occurs in normal serum in small quantities also. It is possible that the binder may be an altered form of TCI. The reason for the predominance of TCI in some conditions involving granulocytic proliferation, and this binder in others, is unknown.
The Significance of Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia in Accelerated Hypertension
Authors: Sevitt L. H. , Naish P. , Baker L. R. I. , Bulpitt C. J. , Archer D. F. J. , Nelson D. A. , Peters D. K. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. Twenty‐two patients with accelerated hypertension and varying degrees of renal involvement have been studied in order to assess the significance of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA) and the possible pathogenic role of intravascular fibrin deposition in this condition. Vascular damage was assessed by retinal photography including fluorescein angiography. Haematological investigations including examination of peripheral films and assessment of red cell fragmentation were carried out. Fibrinogen catabolism was measured using radio‐iodine labelled fibrinogen.No correlation between the degree of vascular damage in the retinal vessels and the blood pressure, degree of red cell fragmentation or evidence of renal damage was found. There was a significant increase in red cell fragmentation when the creatinine clearance was 20 ml/min or less. Fibrinogen derivatives were demonstrated in the serum in the minority and in the urine of the majority of those patients with MAHA. Fibrinogen catabolism was normal in all cases.The significance of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia in accelerated hypertension is discussed. It is suggested from these data that the red cell fragmentation occurs predominantly within the kidney and that there is no evidence that fibrinogen deposition plays an important role in red cell damage, or that it is an important pathogenic factor in producing accelerated hypertension.
Studies on the Defective Haematopoietic Microenvironment of Sl/Sld Mice
Authors: Fried Walter , Chamberlin William , Knospe William H. , Husseini Salah , Trobaugh Frank E. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. Femurs and spleens of both Sl/Sld and +/+ origin were implanted into both Sl/Sld and +/+ hosts. Eight weeks later the +/+ grafts incorporated more radioactive iron than did the Sl/Sld ones. The number of colony forming units (CFU) in the marrow of +/+ femur grafts and in +/+ spleen grafts was several fold greater than that in Sl/Sld grafts. X‐irradiation of femur and spleen donors with 950 R reduced the number of CFU in the grafts to 40–60%, whereas grafts from donors exposed to 2500 R supported no CFU growth at all. The haematopoietic cells in the grafts after 6 weeks were almost entirely of host origin.These studies suggest that Sl/Sld mice have a congenital defect in some stromal elements of their haematopoietic tissues which are essential for the normal growth of CFU. These stromal factors are likely to be cellular, are less radiosensitive than are the CFU, and support the growth of CFU rather than actually differentiate into these cells. These stromal factors are present in both spleens and femurs of mice. The model described here appears to be a useful one for further characterizing stromal factors essential for supporting haematopoiesis.
Reticuloendothelial Phagocytic Function in Human Liver Disease and its Relationship to Haemolysis
Authors: Cooksley W. G. E. , Powell L. W. , Halliday J. W. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. This study was undertaken to examine the hypothesis that enhanced reticuloendothelial (RE) phagocytosis and splenic sequestration of red blood cells are important aetiological factors in the haemolysis accompanying liver disease. RE phagocytic capacity (REPC) was measured by the rate of plasma disappearance of radio‐iodinated microaggregated human serum albumin (125I‐MAA) in 57 patients with acute or chronic liver disease, and its relationship to splenic size, RBC survival and splenic sequestration of RBC was analysed. In addition, RE perfusion was measured using a tracer dose of 125I‐MAA, and the RE phagocytic index (REPI), an index of the individual cellular RE activity, independent of perfusion, was calculated.An increased REPI was found in all forms of liver disease, largely independent of aetiology or severity. REPC was normal in most forms of cirrhosis but was decreased in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, many of whom had diminished RE perfusion, associated with clinical or radiographic evidence of portal systemic shunting. This decreased REPC was due to decreased RE perfusion since a close correlation between REPC and RE perfusion was demonstrated.The relationship between spleen size and REPC in patients with cirrhosis depended on the aetiology of the disease, since in alcoholic cirrhosis splenomegaly was usually indicative of portal hypertension, whereas in patients with active chronic hepatitis splenomegaly was often an integral part of the disease.A shortened RBC survival was demonstrated in 24 of 30 patients studied, but the degree of haemolysis did not correlate with REPC, REPI or splenic size. Furthermore, splenic sequestration of RBC could be demonstrated in only two patients.It would appear that in hepatic cirrhosis, the RE system, whether its phagocytic capacity is increased or decreased, removes effete RBC presented to it, but is not primarily responsible for the mild haemolytic process.
Significance of Large Red Blood Cells
Authors: Chanarin I. , England J. M. , Hoffbrand A. V. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. Two observers examining marrow films from 81 patients for the presence of normoblastic and megaloblastic haemopoiesis obtained good agreement when the underlying disorder gave rise to definite vitamin B12 or folate deficiency confirmed by microbiological assay. When microbiological assay of serum vitamin B12 and red cell folate excluded vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, the marrow changes were often too minor in degree for decisive diagnosis despite the presence in many cases of large red cells.The normal mean corpuscular volume (MCV) set in relation to a PCV excluding trapped plasma was 80–90 fl. The MCV of red cells was often elevated above 90 fl in patients without a megaloblastic anaemia and in this series was often above 100 fl in patients with aplastic anaemia, sideroblastic anaemia, myxoedema, and neoplasia. The larger the red cells, however, the more probable was the presence of megaloblastic haemopoiesis in the marrow.
Haemoglobin D Iran: β222 Glutamic Acid→Glutamine (B4)
Authors: Rahbar Samuel 
Published: March 2008

Summary.A new haemoglobin D (Iran) has been described. The substitution was in the beta chain at residue 22 (B4), which is the most frequently mutated area in human haemoglobin. No clinical symptoms were associated with this haemoglobin.
Antifibrinolytic Treatment in Haemophilia: A Controlled Trial of Prophylaxis with Tranexamic Acid
Authors: Bennett A. E. , Ingram G. I. C. , Inglish P. J. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.A randomized controlled trial of the antifibrinolytic agent amino‐methylcyclohexane carboxylic acid (AMCA, Tranexamic acid) in the prophylactic treatment of haemophilia is reported. The active treatment (2 g daily) or indistinguishable inert tablets were given for 12 consecutive periods of 28 days. The effect of the active treatment was minimal and incapacity from the disease and the need for the administration of factor VIII were not reduced. It is considered that sound evidence does not exist for recommending the prophylactic use of antifibrinolytic drugs in haemophilia.
Relationship between Blast‐Cell Morphology and Occurrence of a Syndrome of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Sultan C. , Heilmann‐Gouault M. , Tulliez M. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.Eighteen out of 140 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) have presented a syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation; 17 of them had obviously similar morphological features which clearly defined them as so‐called acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). There is a close relationship between the morphology of the blast cells and the occurrence of a syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Erythrocyte Membrane Vacuole Formation in Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors: Schrier Stanley L. , Ben‐Bassat Isaac , Bensch Klaus , Seeger Muriel , Junga Irene 
Published: March 2008

Summary. There is impaired drug‐induced vacuole formation in red cells from patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS). The spherocytic shape per se accounts in part for the decreased vacuole formation seen, but there are constraints in HS red cell vacuole formation above that explicable by spheroidicity. Electron‐microscopy indicates that the vacuoles produced in HS have one‐third normal diameter. We propose that the decreased vacuole formation in HS is a result of a genetically determined abnormality of the membrane which limits its ability to invaginate and deform. The variability in vacuole formation from one HS family to another, but relative consistency within families, suggests that hereditary spherocytosis comprises a syndrome of related erythrocyte membrane disorders.Vacuole fromation in ghosts in normal in HS. This unanticipated finding suggests that the phenomenon of ghost endocytic vacuole formation may have requiements that by‐pass the defect in the HS membrane.
May‐Hegglin Anomaly: A Defect in Megakaryocyte Fragmentation?
Authors: Godwin Herman A. , Ginsburg A. David 
Published: March 2008

Summary. Studies have been performed on six members of one family with May‐Hegglin anomaly (MH) five of whom manifested a mild bleeding tendency. All were thrombocytopenic (25000–1420007/μl). Platelet kinetic studies (51Cr) showed normal survival (two autologous, one MH to normal, one normal to MH). Mean platelet volume was increased; content (per platelet) of cholesterol, phospholipid, and tyrosine was elevated 3‐ to 6‐fold. Total body platelet mass calculated from these parameters was normal. Tests of platelet function demonstrated normal adhesiveness to collagen, normal prothrombin consumption, and enhanced platelet factor 3 activity. Bleeding time was prolonged (5/5), platelet retention by glass beads was diminished (3/3), clot retraction was poor (5/5), and aggregation by ADP, adrenaline and collagen was similar to that of normal platelets at the same low concentration.It is considered that the bleeding tendency probably reflects thrombocytopenia per se as do those tests of platelet function that are impaired. Review of the published cases supports this contention. Normal platelet survival, normal total circulating platelet mass, and intrinsically normal platelet function suggest that the giant platelets and the thrombocytopenia result from impaired and disorderly megakaryocyte fragmentation.
A Study of Steroid‐Induced Granulocytosis in a Patient with Chronic Benign Neutropenia of Childhood
Authors: Deinard Amos S. , Page Arthur R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.An infant with chronic benign neutropenia of childhood was found to respond to a sudden, transient, stress‐induced rise in plasma corticoid level with a pronounced rise in peripheral neutrophil count. Neutrophil survival studies were performed following this stress‐induced neutrophilia and during and following hydrocortisone stimulation. Measurement of the decline in total neutrophil‐associated radioactivity showed that neurophils were removed from the circulation at a normal rate while measurement of neutrophil specific activity indicated that the observed steroid‐induced granulocytosis was a result of marrow released of neurtrophils.
Transfusion and Gel Filtration Studies in von Willebrand's Disease
Authors: Kernoff P. B. A. , Rizza C. R. , Kaelin A. C. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.A study has been made of the plasma levels of factor‐VIII clotting activity and factor‐VIII related antigen following transfusion in five patients with von Willebrand's disease and one patient with severe haemophilia. All of the patients were transfused with cryoprecipitate or an AHG concentrate and their plasma levels of factor‐VIII clotting activity and factor‐VIII related antigen assayed at intervals after transfusion. In the case of the patients with von Willebrand's disease there was the expected post transfusion rise of factor‐VIII activity followed by a fall of activity and then a secondary rise of activity. During this same period there was a rapid fall of the factor‐VIII related antigen from the high levels attained immediately after transfusion but at about the same time as the secondary increase of factor‐VIII clotting activity took place there was a slowing down of the rate of disappearance of factor‐VIII related antigen. Indeed in several patients there was a secondary rise of factor‐VIII related antigen which coincided with the secondary peak of factor‐VIII activity.Throughout the post‐transfusion period all plasma samples containing factor‐VIII clotting activity also contained measurable amounts of factor‐VIII related antigen.Gel filtration studies carried out on plasma obtained from the von Willebrand's patients after transfusion failed to show any small molecular weight factor VIII. The possible implications of those findings are discussed.
Factor VII in an Industrial Population
Authors: Brozović Milica , Stirling Yvonne , Harricks Christine , North W. R. S. , Meade T. W. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.Factor‐VII levels were measured in members of an industrial population participating in a long‐term prospective study of arterial disease. A modified semi‐automated method with an artificially prepared factor‐VII deficient plasma, one batch of freeze‐dried thromboplastin and one freeze‐dried pooled reference plasma was used throughout. All calculations were carried out on a programmable desk calculator.Mean factor‐VII levels in men and in women never on oral contraceptives were similar (age‐adjusted means 95.0% and 92.4% respectively). A very highly significant increase in factor VII was found in women on the low oestrogen contraceptive pill (age‐adjusted mean 134.8% compared to 92.4% in women never on oral contraceptives).There was a highly significant rise in factor‐VII activity with age in both men and women. In men, factor VII rose 0.45% per year, whereas in women it increased at the rate of 1.1% per year. The difference in the slopes of these regression lines for men and women was significant. At younger ages, the mean levels for women were lower than for men, while at older ages the reverse was true.No relationship with ABO blood groups or secretor status were found. Venepunctures noted as difficult appeared to have no effect on factor‐VII levels.
Ferritin in Normal Erythrocytes, Lymphocytes, Polymorphs, and Monocytes
Authors: Summers M. , Worwood M. , Jacobs A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. A method has been devised for the separation of red cells, polymorphs, lymphocytes, and monocytes from the peripheral blood. The fractions give a large yield of cells with a high degree of purity, and cells appear to be undamaged.The ferritin concentration in cell extracts has been determined in 10 normal men and 10 normal women. There is no sex difference in any of the cell types. The mean ferritin concentration in monocytes is approximately 7.5 times the concentration in other leucocytes.
The Sheep‐Cell Rosette Test on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes: An Analysis of Some Variable Factors in the Technique
Authors: Steel C. M. , Evans Judith , Smith Marilyn A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. Results obtained in the sheep cell‐rosette test for identification of human T lymphocytes are strongly dependant on the origin of the sheep erythrocytes. Other factors which influence rosette formation are the duration of incubation of the lymphocyte erythrocyte mixture and the concentration of serum used. The most reproducible results, giving a range of 55–75% RFC among the peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy adults, are obtained by leaving the cell mixture overnight at room temperature in the presence of 10–25% serum.The spontaneous sheepcell rosette test appears to be a useful means of identifying human T lymphocytes (Jondal et al, 1972; Papamichail et al, 1972; Wortis et al, 1973; Yata et al, 1973); there are, however, striking discrepancies in the percentage of rosette‐forming cells (RFC) reported among the peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors for the figures quoted range from under 5% (Bach et al, 1969) to almost 80% (Bentwich et al, 1973). There are many points of variation between the techniques employed (Bach et al, 1969; Coombs et al. 1970; Brain et al, 1970; Lay et al, 1971; Jondal et al, 1972; Papamichail et al, 1972; Wybran et al, 1973; Yata et al, 1973; Bentwich et al, 1973) but the importance of such technical variations is largely unknown (Urbaniak et al, 1973). In the present study, several of the points of variance between published techniques have been analysed.