bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolism‐focused CRISPR screen unveils mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 as a critical driver for PARP inhibitor resistance in lung cancer
Authors: Furusawa Takashi , Cavero Renzo , Liu Yue , Li Haojian , Xu Xia , Andresson Thorkell , Reinhold William , White Olivia , Boufraqech Myriem , Meyer Thomas J. , Hartmann Oliver , Diefenbacher Markus E. , Pommier Yves , Weyemi Urbain 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHomologous recombination (HR) and poly ADP‐ribosylation are partially redundant pathways for the repair of DNA damage in normal and cancer cells. In cell lines that are deficient in HR, inhibition of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase [PARP]1/2) is a proven target with several PARP inhibitors (PARPis) currently in clinical use. Resistance to PARPi often develops, usually involving genetic alterations in DNA repair signaling cascades, but also metabolic rewiring particularly in HR‐proficient cells. We surmised that alterations in metabolic pathways by cancer drugs such as Olaparib might be involved in the development of resistance to drug therapy. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a metabolism‐focused clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats knockout screen to identify genes that undergo alterations during the treatment of tumor cells with PARPis. Of about 3000 genes in the screen, our data revealed that mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) is an essential factor in desensitizing nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lung cancer lines to PARP inhibition. In contrast to NSCLC lung cancer cells, triple‐negative breast cancer cells do not exhibit such desensitization following MPC1 loss and reprogram the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation pathways to overcome PARPi treatment. Our findings unveil a previously unknown synergistic response between MPC1 loss and PARP inhibition in lung cancer cells.
Stealth RF energy harvesting in MRI using selective shielding
Authors: Bjorkqvist Oskar , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeTo utilize the transmit radiofrequency (RF) field in MRI as a power source, near or within the field of view but without affecting image quality or safety.MethodsPower harvesting is performed by RF induction in a resonant coil. Resulting RF field distortion in the subject is canceled by a selective shield that couples to the harvester while being transparent to the RF transmitter. Such shielding is designed with the help of electromagnetic simulation. A shielded harvester of 3 cm diameter is implemented, assessed on the bench, and tested in a 3T MRI system, recording power yield during typical scans.ResultsThe concept of selective shielding is confirmed by simulation. Bench tests show effective power harvesting in the presence of the shield. In the MRI system, it is confirmed that selective shielding virtually eliminates RF perturbation. In scans with the harvester immediately adjacent to a phantom, up to 100 mW of average power are harvested without affecting image quality.ConclusionSelective shielding enables stealthy RF harvesting which can be used to supply wireless power to on‐body devices during MRI.
Hand‐held electron spin resonance scanner for subcutaneous oximetry using OxyChip
Authors: Almog Nir , Zgadzai Oleg , Kuppusamy Periannan , Zur Yehonatan , Baruch Limor , Machluf Marcelle , Blank Aharon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeElectron spin resonance (ESR) is used to measure oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in biological media with many clinical applications. Traditional clinical ESR involves large magnets that encompass the subject of measurement. However, certain applications might benefit from a scanner operating within local static magnetic fields. Our group recently developed such a compact scanner for transcutaneous (surface) pO2 measurements of skin tissue. Here we extend this capability to subsurface (subcutaneous) pO2 measurements and verify it using an artificial tissue emulating (ATE) phantom.MethodsWe introduce a new scanner, tailored for subcutaneous measurements up to 2 mm beneath the skin's surface. This scanner captures pulsed ESR signals from embedded approximate 1‐mm oxygen‐sensing solid paramagnetic implant, OxyChip. The scanner features a static magnetic field source, producing a uniform region outside its surface, and a compact microwave resonator, for exciting and receiving ESR signals.ResultsESR readings derived from an OxyChip, positioned approximately 1.5 mm from the scanner's surface, embedded in ATE phantom, exhibited a linear relation of 1/T2 versus pO2 for pO2 levels at 0, 7.6, 30, and 160 mmHg, with relative reading accuracy of about 10%.ConclusionThe compact ESR scanner can report pO2 data in ATE phantom from an external position relative to the scanner. Implementing this scanner in preclinical and clinical applications for subcutaneous pO2 measurements is a feasible next phase for this development. This innovative design also has the potential to operate in conjunction with artificial skin graft for wound healing, combining therapeutic and pO2 diagnostic features.
The hedonic overdrive model best explains high‐fat diet‐induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Gao Lin , Hu Sumei , Yang Dengbao , Wang Lu , Togo Jacques , Wu Yingga , Li Baoguo , Li Min , Wang Guanlin , Zhang Xueying , Li Li , Xu Yanchao , Mazidi Moshen , Couper Elspeth , Whittington‐Davies Andrew , Niu Chaoqun , Speakman John R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveHigh‐fat diets cause obesity in male mice; however, the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Here, three contrasting ideas were assessed: hedonic overdrive, reverse causality, and passive overconsumption models.MethodsA total of 12 groups of 20 individually housed 12‐week‐old C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 12 high‐fat diets with varying fat content from 40% to 80% (by calories), protein content from 5% to 30%, and carbohydrate content from 8.4% to 40%. Body weight and food intake were monitored for 30 days after 7 days at baseline on a standard low‐fat diet.ResultsAfter exposure to the diets, energy intake increased first, and body weight followed later. Intake then declined. The peak energy intake was dependent on both dietary protein and carbohydrate, but not the dietary fat and energy density, whereas the rate of decrease in intake was only related to dietary protein. On high‐fat diets, the weight of food intake declined, but despite this average reduction of 14.4 g in food intake, they consumed, on average, 357 kJ more energy than at baseline.ConclusionsThe hedonic overdrive model fit the data best. The other two models were not supported.
Realizing SnF2‐TMAB passivated lead‐free formamidinum perovskite solar cells with doctor‐bladed carbon electrode
Authors: Mishra Debesh Devadutta , Rath Pranati Kumari , Thirugnanam Natarajan , Shen Tao , Chen Zihe , Zhang Zexian , Liu Xinghang , Li Jinhua , Wang Xianbao , Tan Cher Ming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe suitable band gap with outstanding optoelectronic characteristics makes Sn‐based perovskites one of the promising candidates for the preparation of efficient lead‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, preparing Sn2+‐based PSCs is very difficult due to the ready oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ when exposed to air. In this work, by incorporating the trimethylamine borane complex (TMAB) as an antioxidant additive into the perovskite precursor solution along with excess SnF2, we report the fabrication of air‐stable FASnI3‐based solar cells. The complex formed by TMAB‐SNF2 (additive layer) enables in‐situ encapsulation of perovskite grains. This layer considerably improves the oxidation stability of the perovskite layer by eliminating oxygen vacancies from the NiO hole transport. The resulting PSCs can maintain more than 70% of the efficiency over 45 and 75 hours respectively in air and N2 exposure without encapsulation. This can be regarded as a genuinely enhanced attribute, particularly considering the use of carbon in one of the electrodes in FASnI3 perovskites. The findings suggest an alternative approach to provide effective and sustainable Sn‐based PSCs in the future.
High molecular weight crystalline PEO6‐based polymer electrolytes for lithium‐ion conduction—Effect of cellulose nanowhiskers
Authors: Ram Shankar C. V. , Deo Shyam , Zhan Pengfei , Janik Michael J. , Maranas Janna K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe explore the crystal structure and ionic conductivity of unfilled and cellulose nanowhisker‐filled polymer electrolytes, based on high molecular weight PEO and LiClO4 at a concentration EO:Li = 6:1 (EO = ether oxygen). At this concentration, the polymer electrolyte forms crystalline PEO6 (PEOy—the crystal structure co‐crystallizes “y” PEO ether oxygens to one Li‐anion pair). While the diffraction patterns for PEO3 and PEO6 with LiClO4 are available, their structures are not. Thus, we optimize these structures using density functional theory and show agreement between simulated and experimental diffraction patterns. The PEO6 crystal shows insufficient Li‐ion conductivity due to a lack of percolated conduction paths, and the crystal structure is unstable following 2 months after annealing. Cellulose nanowhiskers, with their patterned surface OH groups, extend the length of PEO6 tunnels, stabilize these tunnels for as long as a year, and result in the percolation of crystals. Although the EO:Li = 6:1 stoichiometry should not favor PEO3 formation, we observe this crystal phase in some unfilled samples. But, with the addition of nanowhiskers, the patterned surface templates PEO6 formation rather than PEO3. Despite these advantages, nanowhiskers do not improve ionic conductivity as hypothesized. The tools developed in this work allow further mechanistic exploration of conduction through crystalline domains.
Cationic polymer coating that rapidly inactivates bacteria and resists bacterial adhesion
Authors: Zhao Zihao , Xue Yunyun , Wang Chuyao , Cui Ronglu , Zhao Yu , Fang Lifeng , Zhu Baoku 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmphiphilic cationic polymers mimicking the membrane‐disrupting mechanism of natural antimicrobial peptides displays high‐efficacy bactericidal activity and meanwhile good biocompatibility, while electrostatic adsorption enables bacteria to adhere to substrate surfaces, effectively lowering the antimicrobial effect, so it is worthwhile to tackle the problem of bacterial adhesion to prolong its antibacterial activity. Herein, a kind of polyquaternium latex (PQL) was synthesized to coat polypropylene nonwoven fabrics (PPNFs) with bacterial repellency and rapid biocidal activity toward both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Compared with polyquaternium solution coatings, latex coatings provided PPNFs with unique microscopic morphology and surface chemistry rich in polyoxyethylene moieties, achieving better resistance to bacterial adhesion, and meanwhile PQL coated PPNFs also delivered 99% killing rates against both bacteria within 2 min. After exposure to ultrasonic cleaning for 4 h, PQL modified PPNFs still demonstrated good bactericidal activity. Moreover, they also displayed low cytotoxicity. This work provides guidance for the design of antibacterial and antiadhesion coatings to combat bacterial infection.
Advances in retrogressive thaw slump research in permafrost regions
Authors: Li Yuan , Liu Youqian , Chen Ji , Dang Haiming , Zhang Shouhong , Mei Qihang , Zhao Jingyi , Wang Jinchang , Dong Tianchun , Zhao Yaojun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) is a slope failure formed by slope thaw settlement and retrogressive slump following the thawing of ice‐rich permafrost or the melting of massive ice. Here, we review recent literature on RTSs, one of the main geomorphological landscapes developed in the process of permafrost degradation. The main topics are as follows: development and temporal evolution, mechanisms and processes, influencing factors, evaluation susceptibility and calculation, and assessment of engineering and environmental impacts. There has been a rapid increase in the number and distribution area of RTSs over permafrost in recent years. Climate warming events, extreme rainfall, forest fires, bank and coast erosion, and anthropogenic activity are the primary factors leading to RTSs in permafrost regions, disrupting the initial hydrothermal equilibrium of permafrost slopes. This causes a rise in ground temperature and the thaw of ice‐rich permafrost. Meltwater seeps down and collects on the ice surface, weakening freeze–thaw interface shear resistance and resulting in soil collapse. The development of RTSs may last several decades or longer. RTSs destabilize infrastructure, destroy vegetation, boost soil erosion and land desertification, alter the environment of nearby waters, and increase emissions of some major greenhouse gases. Numerous methods have been developed and adopted to explore RTSs, including geographic information systems (GIS) and equilibrium, numerical, and reliability analysis methods. However, research on formation mechanisms and processes, quantitative prediction, engineering and environmental influences, and mitigative measures of RTSs under a warming climate are still inadequate. Existing research methods, such as numerical simulations, remote sensing, airborne ground‐based geophysical surveys, investigations and mapping, and hydrothermal and deformation field monitoring, should be systematically integrated. Additionally, equipment for laboratory testing and numerical models for simulating RTSs may need to be timely introduced and better developed.
The utility of elective flexible bronchoscopy to improve quality of life and clinical outcomes for children: A systematic review
Authors: Thomas Rahul J. , Yerkovich Stephanie T. , Goyal Vikas , Chang Anne B. , Rutter Cameron , Masters Ian Brent , Marchant Julie M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionElective flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is now widely available and standard practice for a variety of indications in children with respiratory conditions. However, there is limited evidence regarding the utility of elective FB in children. This systematic review (SRs) aimed to determine the utility of FB on its impact in clinical decision making and quality of life (QoL).MethodsWe searched Pubmed, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, Embase, World Health Organization Clinical Trials Registry Platform and Cochrane database of SRs from inception to April 20, 2023. We included SRs and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used parallel group design (comparing use of elective FB vs. no FB, or a wait‐list approach [early FB vs. usual wait FB]) in children aged ≤ 18 years. Our protocol was prospectively registered and used Cochrane methodology for systemic reviews of interventions.ResultsOur search identified 859 articles; 102 duplicates were removed, and 753 articles were excluded by title and abstract. Four full text articles were reviewed and subsequently excluded, as none met the inclusion criteria outlined in our patient, intervention, comparator, outcome measures framework.ConclusionsThere is a paucity of high‐quality RCT evidence to support the routine use of elective FB in children with respiratory conditions. However, available retrospective and a single prospective study demonstrate the high utility of FB in the elective pediatric setting.RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42021291305.
Microcapsules of mesoporous silica and cyclodextrin modified loaded with nonanal and decanal for effective control of Sitotroga cerealella in grain storage environments
Authors: Shah Sakhawat , Zhang Fu‐Rui , Ge Yv‐Wen , Elgizawy Karam Khamis , Wu Gang , Shi Chun‐Mei , Wang Xiao‐Ping , Yang Feng‐Lian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella, is a destructive pest of maize, wheat, and rice, causing economic losses and threatening food security. This study aimed to develop and characterize microcapsules of mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSN) and cyclodextrin‐modified mesoporous silica nanospheres (CDMSN) containing two aldehydes, nonanal and decanal, found in plant essential oils, to assess their attractiveness to S. cerealella populations.RESULTSMicrocapsules with 2:1 ratio of nonanal and decanal exhibited an average encapsulation efficiency of 39.82% for MSN loaded with nonanal and decanal (MSN‐ND) and 46.10% for CDMSN loaded with nonanal and decanal (CDMSN‐ND). They have an elliptical shape with particle sizes of 115 nm for MSN and 175 nm for CDMSN. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed in vitro release of nonanal in MSN at 96.24% and decanal at 96.42% by the 36th day. CDMSN showed releases of 93.83% for nonanal and 93.74% for decanal by the 50th day. CDMSN‐ND attracted adult S. cerealella for 43 days, while MSN‐ND remained effective for 29 days. In mass trapping assays in simulated grain warehouse, both MSN‐ND and CDMSN‐ND trapped over 50% of the adult population within 7 days, significantly reducing grain infestation rates below 10% by inhibiting F1 adult emergence. At temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 35 °C, both microcapsules exhibited significant and effective attraction rates for S. cerealella. Stored wheat seeds treated with CDMSN and CDMSN‐ND over 1 year showed no significant differences in key germination parameters.CONCLUSIONMicroencapsulated nonanal and decanal offer a promising, sustainable approach for controlling S. cerealella infestation in stored grains, contributing to global food security. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Phase Electronic Structure Tuning via Pt, P–Doped Ni4Mo‐Implanted Ti4O7 for Highly Efficient Water Splitting and Mg/Seawater Batteries
Authors: Hoa Van Hien , Prabhakaran Sampath , Mai Mai , Dao Huyen Thi , Kim Do Hwan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFine‐tuning nanoscale structures, morphologies, and electronic states are crucial for creating efficient water‐splitting electrocatalysts. In this study, a method for electronic structure engineering to enhance overall water splitting in a corrosion‐resistant electrocatalyst matrix by integrating Pt, P dual‐doped Ni4Mo electrocatalysts onto a Ti4O7 nanorod grown on carbon cloth (Pt, P–Ni4Mo–Ti4O7/CC) is introduced. By optimizing platinum and phosphorus concentrations to 1.18% and 2.42%, respectively, low overpotentials are achieved remarkably: 24 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and 290 mV at 20 mA cm−2 for the oxygen evolution reaction in 1.0 m KOH. These values approach or surpass those of benchmark Pt–C and IrO2 catalysts. Additionally, the Pt, P–Ni4Mo–Ti4O7/CC bifunctional electrocatalyst displays low cell potentials across various mediums, maintaining excellent current retention (96% stability after 40 h in mimic seawater at 20 mA cm−2) and demonstrating strong corrosion resistance and suitability for seawater electrolysis. As a cathode in magnesium/seawater batteries, it achieves a power density of 7.2 mW cm−2 and maintains stability for 100 h. Density functional theory simulations confirm that P, Pt doping‐assisted electronic structure modifications augment electrical conductivity and active sites in the hybrid electrocatalysts.
Quantum Nature of Charge Transport in Inkjet‐Printed Graphene Revealed in High Magnetic Fields up to 60T
Authors: Cottam Nathan D. , Wang Feiran , Austin Jonathan S. , Tuck Christopher J. , Hague Richard , Fromhold Mark , Escoffier Walter , Goiran Michel , Pierre Mathieu , Makarovsky Oleg , Turyanska Lyudmila 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInkjet‐printing of graphene, iGr, provides an alternative route for the fabrication of highly conductive and flexible graphene films for use in devices. However, the contribution of quantum phenomena associated with 2D single layer graphene, SLG, to the charge transport in iGr is yet to be explored. Here, the first magneto‐transport study of iGr in high magnetic fields up to 60 T is presented. The observed quantum phenomena, such as weak localization and negative magnetoresistance, are strongly affected by the thickness of the iGr film and can be explained by a combination of intra‐ and inter‐flake classical and quantum charge transport. The quantum nature of carrier transport in iGr is revealed using temperature, electric field, and magnetic field dependences of the iGr conductivity. These results are relevant for the exploitation of inkjet deposition of graphene, which is of particular interest for additive manufacturing and 3D printing of flexible and wearable electronics. It is shown that printed nanostructures enable ensemble averaging of quantum interference phenomena within a single device, thereby facilitating comparison between experiment and underlying statistical models of electron transport.
Electrochemically Induced Ru/CoOOH Synergistic Catalyst as Bifunctional Electrode Materials for Alkaline Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Ma Yingyan , Ha Yuan , Chen Liangqiang , An Ziqi , Xing Linzhuang , Wang Zhenni , Li Zhimin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEfficient and affordable price bifunctional electrocatalysts based on transition metal oxides for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions have a balanced efficiency, but it remains a significant challenge to control their activity and durability. Herein, a trace Ru (0.74 wt.%) decorated ultrathin CoOOH nanosheets (≈4 nm) supported on the surface of nickel foam (Ru/CoOOH@NF) is rationally designed via an electrochemically induced strategy to effectively drive the electrolysis of alkaline overall water splitting. The as‐synthesized Ru/CoOOH@NF electrocatalysts integrate the advantages of a large number of different HER (Ru nanoclusters) and OER (CoOOH nanosheets) active sites as well as strong in‐suit structure stability, thereby exhibiting exceptional catalytic activity. In particular, the ultra‐low overpotential of the HER (36 mV) and the OER (264 mV) are implemented to achieve 10 mA cm−2. Experimental and theoretical calculations also reveal that Ru/CoOOH@NF possesses high intrinsic conductivity, which facilitates electron release from H2O and H‐OH bond breakage and accelerates electron/mass transfer by regulating the charge distribution. This work provides a new avenue for the rational design of low‐cost and high‐activity bifunctional electrocatalysts for large‐scale water‐splitting technology and expects to help contribute to the creation of various hybrid electrocatalysts.