bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spiritual care for clients with mental illness from an Islamic background: Nursing students' perspectives
Authors: Alyahya Norah M. , Alanazi Shahad 
Published: April 2024

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Spirituality is an important aspect for clients with mental illness.

Spirituality is essential to holistic care in mental health nursing.

Nurses found an apparent disconnection between the theory and practice of spiritual care.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge

Nurses acknowledged that attitudes that allocate blame towards clients with mental illness have the most negative impact on clients' spiritual wellbeing.

The conflicting worldviews between spiritual healing and a biomedical approach impact the provision of care as relationships among the mental health team are disrupted.

The non‐assessment of the client's spirituality hindered nurses from providing spiritual care.

Language differences between nurses and clients impede nurses from providing spiritual care.

What are the implications for practice?

The use of spiritual therapy as an element of nursing care works if clients and nurses are both aware of the importance of spirituality.

Nursing staff must also be aware of several issues that may make it difficult for nurses to provide such therapy, including specific symptoms of mental illness.

Nurses can apply spiritual care effectively when they have significant spirituality.

Nurses with good competency in mental health nursing skills are more likely to provide efficient spiritual care as part of holistic care.

AbstractIntroductionSpiritual care is essential to clients with mental illness.AimTo explore mental health nursing students' perspectives on spirituality and spiritual care and how this impacts clients with mental illness in an Islamic context (Saudi Arabia).MethodThematic analysis is used to analyse data from two focus groups of mental health nursing students (one comprising eight, the other six).ResultsSix themes emerged: factors affecting spirituality in mental illness, the impact of mental illness on spirituality, the use of spiritual healing in mental illness, nurses' use of spiritual healing; challenges in providing spiritual care and recommendations for improving spiritual care.DiscussionClients being blamed for having mental illness by health professionals and the community harmed their spirituality. The religious support of peers was a practical approach to spiritual therapy, asserted as a beneficial element of nursing care. However, nurses found providing such therapy challenging because of the language barrier and the lack of any assessment of clients' spirituality. It was also challenging when dealing with specific symptoms of mental illness.Implications for practiceThe study asserts that spiritual therapy in nursing care will work if the client knows its importance. Nurses who have significant spirituality can apply it effectively.
Analysis of changes and correlation in condyle‐fossa relationship after maxillary skeletal expansion
Authors: Qi Yezi , Ding Lingmin , Xue LeiLei , Xu SiYi , Lin Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the changes in condyle‐glenoid fossa relationship after maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE) and to verify the correlation between the condyle positional changes and expansion effect.MethodsIn this study, 20 patients (mean age 21.1 ± 5.7 years, 8 male, 12 female) with maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD) were treated with the MSE appliance, which contained molar bands and a expander with four micro‐implants. The CBCT images were taken before expansion (T0), after expansion (T1) and after 6 months of maintenance (T2). The posterior TMJ space (PS), superior TMJ space (SS), anterior TMJ space, coronal lateral TMJ space (CLS), coronal medial TMJ space (CMS), condyle axis angle, maxillary basal bone width (BWM), inter‐molars width, nasal bone width, molar inclination and molar palatal cusp height (U6H) were measured using Dolphin Imaging.ResultsAt T1, compared with T0, the PS and SS significantly increased by 0.41 mm (P = .008) and 0.3 mm (P = .007). But only the SS significantly increased by 0.21 mm (P = .025) at T2. There was a significant difference of 0.37 mm (left–right, P = .014) between the left and right SS at T0, but no significant difference at T1 and T2. The increased BMW showed weak positive correlations with the change of PS (P = .015) and CMS (P = .031), and the decreased U6H showed weak negative correlations with the change of PS (P = .015) and CLS (P = .031) at T1.ConclusionsThe use of MSE led to an increase in the SS and PS, which were weakly correlated with BWM and U6H. But this effect in the TMJ space gradually diminished after 6 months of maintenance, and the symmetry of the condyle‐fossa relationship was preserved.
Differentiation of submandibular sialadenitis based on apparent diffusion coefficient
Authors: Muraoka Hirotaka , Kaneda Takashi , Kondo Takumi , Hirahara Naohisa , Kohinata Yuta , Tokunaga Satoshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to quantify the submandibular gland in suppurative sialadenitis, primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and radiation‐induced sialadenitis using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for differential diagnosis.Subjects and MethodsThis retrospective study included 16 patients with suppurative sialadenitis (n = 9), pSS (n = 3) and radiation‐induced sialadenitis (n = 4) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging between June 2006 and May 2022. The ADC of the submandibular glands in each state was calculated, and the differences were analysed using a one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the ability of the ADC to distinguish each condition. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe mean ADC value (×10−3 mm2/s) ± standard deviation in the control (non‐affected side of the suppurative sialadenitis group), suppurative sialadenitis, pSS and radiation‐induced groups were 0.94 ± 0.16, 1.24 ± 0.16, 1.33 ± 0.13 and 1.5 ± 0.12, respectively (p < 0.001). The diagnostic value for distinguishing each group was ≥0.75.ConclusionADC values are useful for quantitatively assessing and distinguishing submandibular glands in suppurative sialadenitis, primary Sjögren's syndrome and radiation‐induced sialadenitis.
Does political ideology still matter? A meta‐analysis of government contracting decisions
Authors: Chen Yiying , Lu Jiahuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the field of government contracting research, whether and to what extent political ideology drives government contracting has been a subject of ongoing debate for decades. This study conducts a comprehensive meta‐analysis, incorporating 418 effect sizes drawn from 68 previous studies spanning over three decades. The findings indicate that right‐wing political ideology generally yields a significant, positive effect on driving contracting out. Moreover, meta‐regression analysis suggests that this ideological effect is stronger in government contracting for social services and in non‐Anglo‐American administrative traditions. The results emphasize the enduring relevance of political ideology in government contracting decisions, even though its impact may vary slightly in magnitude and circumstances.
Towards sustainable water disinfection with peracetic acid in aquaculture: A review
Authors: Liu Dibo , Straus David L. , Pedersen Lars‐Flemming , Good Christopher , Lazado Carlo C. , Meinelt Thomas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPeracetic acid (PAA) has a long history as an efficacious and eco‐friendly disinfectant. It was first synthesised in 1902, and since then a wide range of applications has been developed in various industries. Aquaculture is a more recent industry wherein the potential of PAA is significant. As the global demand for sustainable development increases, there has likewise been growing interest in using PAA in aquaculture as an alternative to less environmentally friendly practices. PAA has no carcinogenic risk to humans (unlike formalin), has negligible harmful by‐products (unlike chlorine‐based disinfectants) and with appropriate precautions, the risks of causing severe human health damage is easier to control than ozone. Fish show strong physiological recovery and adaptation to PAA, whereas susceptible life stages of pathogens are highly vulnerable, enabling a safe and efficacious disinfection of the entire culture water and not the flow‐restricted disinfection by such processes as ultraviolet radiation or ozone. The effective concentration of PAA against many fish pathogens is usually below 2 mg L−1, which is tolerable for most fish, and it has very low environmental risk due to rapid degradation. However, such degradation and the hydrodynamics in production‐scale aquaculture systems complicate the practical use of PAA. In this review, we summarise key results of safe concentrations of PAA and its effectiveness specifically for fish farmers. We also outline major difficulties and possible solutions for practical uses of PAA. We intend to bring global attention to this compound and inspire future possibilities for its sustainable use as a water disinfectant in aquaculture.
Comprehensive Review on Technical Developments of Methanol-Fuel-Based Spark Ignition Engines to Improve the Performance, Combustion, and Emissions
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Shahid , Baig Abdullah , Wei Yanju , Liu He 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Methanol (CH3OH) is emerging as a viable alternative to fossil-based fuels, addressing the increasing global energy demand while promoting sustainability. The spark ignition (SI) engines are widely used to run the automobile sector. Methanol as a widely available and cheap source of energy can be strongly replaced with expensive and limited fossil-based fuels to power the SI engines. The prime objective of this study is to evaluate the advancements made in improving the fuel blends, performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of methanol-fueled SI engines. The investigation commences by examining the various technical improvements implemented in methanol-fueled SI engines to optimize their overall performance. These developments include advancements in fuel blends, engine design, combustion strategies, fuel injection systems, ignition systems, engine load, etc. The impacts of these developments on the performance parameters including brake thermal efficiency, power output, torque, fuel efficiency, thermal efficiency, etc., combustion parameters including ignition delay, combustion duration, heat release rate, in-cylinder pressure and temperature, etc., emission parameters including hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, formaldehyde, unburned methanol, etc., is reviewed comprehensively. The effectiveness of emission control techniques and the potential for meeting stringent environmental regulations are explored. The review paper then considers the wider implications of methanol-fueled SI engines by examining their technical, environmental, economic, and renewable applications. The technical aspects cover the compatibility of methanol-fueled SI engines with existing infrastructure and the associated challenges and opportunities. The environmental considerations delve into the potential reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the overall sustainability of methanol as a renewable fuel. Finally, the research direction of methanol SI engines is discussed, highlighting the emerging trends and prospects in this field. The review paper concludes with recommendations for further research and development, addressing the key areas that require attention to unlock the full potential of methanol as an efficient and sustainable fuel for SI engines.
Characterization of
Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus
complex isolates and microbiological outcome for patients treated with sulbactam-durlobactam in a phase 3 trial (ATTACK)
Authors: Miller Alita A. , Moussa Samir H. , McLeod Sarah M. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticu
s complex (ABC) causes severe, difficult-to-treat infections that are frequently antibiotic resistant. Sulbactam-durlobactam (SUL-DUR) is a targeted β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination antibiotic designed to treat ABC infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant strains. In a global, pathogen-specific, randomized, controlled phase 3 trial (ATTACK), the efficacy and safety of SUL-DUR were compared to colistin, both dosed with imipenem-cilastatin as background therapy, in patients with serious infections caused by carbapenem-resistant ABC. Results from ATTACK showed that SUL-DUR met the criteria for non-inferiority to colistin for the primary efficacy endpoint of 28-day all-cause mortality with improved clinical and microbiological outcomes compared to colistin. This report describes the characterization of the baseline ABC isolates from patients enrolled in ATTACK, including an analysis of the correlation of microbiological outcomes with SUL-DUR MIC values and the molecular drivers of SUL-DUR resistance.
Unlocking the distinctive enzymatic functions of the early plant biomass deconstructive genes in a brown rot fungus by cell-free protein expression
Authors: Castaño Jesus D. , El Khoury Irina V. , Goering Joshua , Evans James E. , Zhang Jiwei 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Saprotrophic fungi that cause brown rot of woody biomass evolved a distinctive mechanism that relies on reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kick-start lignocellulosic polymers’ deconstruction. These ROS agents are generated at incipient decay stages through a series of redox relays that shuttle electrons from fungus’s central metabolism to extracellular Fenton chemistry. A list of genes has been suggested encoding the enzyme catalysts of the redox processes involved in ROS’s function. However, navigating the functions of the encoded enzymes has been challenging due to the lack of a rapid method for protein synthesis. Here, we employed cell-free expression system to synthesize four redox or degradative enzymes, which were identified, by transcriptomic data, as conserved players of the ROS oxidation phase across brown rot fungal species. All four enzymes were successfully expressed and showed activities that enable confident assignment of function, namely, benzoquinone reductase (BQR), ferric reductase, α-L-arabinofuranosidase (ABF), and heme-thiolate peroxidase (HTP). Detailed analysis of their catalytic features within the context of brown rot environments allowed us to interpret their roles during ROS-driven wood decomposition. Specifically, we validated the functions of BQR as the driver redox enzyme of Fenton cycles and reconstructed its interactions with the co-occurring HTP or laccase and ABF. Taken together, this research demonstrated that the cell-free expression platform is adequate for synthesizing functional fungal enzymes and provided an alternative route for the rapid characterization of fungal proteins, escalating our understanding of the distinctive biocatalyst system for plant biomass conversion.

IMPORTANCE
Brown rot fungi are efficient wood decomposers in nature, and their unique degradative systems harbor untapped catalysts pursued by the biorefinery and bioremediation industries. While the use of “omics” platforms has recently uncovered the key “oxidative-hydrolytic” mechanisms that allow these fungi to attack lignocellulose, individual protein characterization is lagging behind due to the lack of a robust method for rapid synthesis of crucial fungal enzymes. This work delves into the studies of biochemical functions of brown rot enzymes using a rapid, cell-free expression platform, which allowed the successful depictions of enzymes’ catalytic features, their interactions with Fenton chemistry, and their roles played during the incipient stage of brown rot when fungus sets off the reactive oxygen species for oxidative degradation. We expect this research could illuminate cell-free protein expression system’s use to fulfill the increasing need for functional studies of fungal enzymes, advancing the discoveries of novel biomass-converting catalysts.
Fragile science
Authors: Casadevall Arturo , Fang Ferric C. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Science currently faces major external and internal threats. External threats include persistent anti-science attacks, the post-pandemic politicization of public health, and chronic underfunding. Internal threats include a proliferation of low-quality studies, an epidemic of retractions, and questions regarding the reproducibility of important research findings. These threats occur just as humanity faces an unprecedented onslaught of existential challenges including climate change, a failing green revolution, pandemics, and severe environmental degradation of the planet, each of which will require scientific solutions. History shows that science is fragile and vulnerable to theocratic, ideological, and authoritarian forces. In this moment of crisis, it is important for all scientists to become foot soldiers in the defense of science.
Fingerprinting the geochemical signals of episodic arc activity in the Sierra Nevada batholith in space and time
Authors: Ardill Katie , Attia Snir , Memeti Valbone , Paterson Scott R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Although subduction is a continuous process, arc system behavior is non-steady-state, leading to uncertainty surrounding the composite spatial and temporal evolution of transcrustal arc magma plumbing systems. This study integrates field, geochronologic, and geochemical data sets from the central Sierra Nevada arc section to investigate the extent to which spatial inheritance is recorded in arc geochemical compositions, and how these signals may be modified by dynamic arc behaviors through time, from arc-wide flare-ups, migration, and crustal thickening to regional magma focusing. Geochemical patterns across Mesozoic arc rocks characterize persistent spatial signals of inheritance, whereas geochemical trends during Cretaceous arc activity provide the temporal component of simultaneous dynamic processes. Distinct bulk-rock isotopic signals define each of the three Mesozoic magmatic flare-ups, which, during Cretaceous arc magmatism, is coupled with eastward arc migration. Additionally, Cretaceous magmatic and tectonic thickening doubled the thickness of arc crust, and magmatism was focused toward a central zone, culminating in the formation of the ~1100 km2 Tuolumne Intrusive Complex. During magma focusing, temporal signals of magma mixing outweighed the previously pervasive signal of spatial inheritance. Distinct dynamic behaviors effectively primed the arc by the Late Cretaceous, generating transcrustal hot zones of increased magma mixing, recycling, long-term storage, and homogenization. Non-steady-state behavior in the Sierra Nevada resulted in mountain building and voluminous continental crust formation by transforming the physical, thermal, and chemical properties of the lithosphere over tens of millions of years.
Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV, malaria and tuberculosis indicators in Togo: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Konu Yao Rodion , Dogo Fall , Dagnra Claver Anoumou , Atcha-Oubou Tinah , Gbeasor-Komlanvi Fifonsi Adjidossi , Afanvi Kossivi Agbelenko , Diallo Fatoumata Binta Tidiane , Teouri Mahmoud , Mijiyawa Moustafa , Ekouevi Didier Koumavi 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundLimited data are available on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on health-related indicators in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to estimate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on nine indicators of HIV, malaria and tuberculosis (TB) in Togo.MethodsFor this interrupted time series analysis, national health information system data from January 2019 to December 2021 and TB programmatic data from the first quarter of 2018 to the fourth quarter of 2022 were analysed. Nine indicators were included. We used Poisson segmented regression to estimate the immediate impact of the pandemic and per-pandemic period trends through incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs.ResultsOverall, there was a decrease in six of the nine indicators, ranging from 19.3% (IRR 0.807, 95% CI 0.682 to 0.955, p=0.024) for the hospitalisation of patients for malaria to 36.9% (IRR 0.631, 95% CI 0.457 to 0.871, p=0.013) for TB diagnosis byMycobacterium tuberculosisXpert immediately after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. A comparison of the observed and predicted trends showed that the trend remained constant between the prepandemic and pandemic periods of COVID-19 for all malaria indicators. A significant downward monthly trend was observed in antiretroviral therapy initiation (IRR 0.909, 95% CI 0.892 to 0.926, p<0.001) and positive TB microscopy (IRR 0.919, 95% CI 0.880 to 0.960, p=0.002).ConclusionHIV, malaria and TB services were generally maintained over time in Togo despite the COVID-19 pandemic. However, given the decline in levels immediately after the onset of the pandemic, there is an urgent need to improve the preparedness of the healthcare system.
Enhancing capability for continuous organisational improvement and learning in healthcare organisations: a systematic review of the literature 2013–2022
Authors: Löfqvist Ninni 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundHealthcare organisations strive to meet their current and future challenges and need to increase their capacity for continuous organisational improvement and learning (COIL). A key aspect of this capacity is the development of COIL capability among employees.ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to explore common attributes of interventions that contribute to the development of COIL capability in healthcare organisations and to explore possible facilitating and hindering factors.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, MEDLINE and Business Source Complete for primary research studies in English or Swedish, in peer-reviewed journals, focusing on organisational improvements and learning in healthcare organisations. Studies were included if they were published between 2013 and 23 November 2022, reported outcomes on COIL capability, included organisations or groups, and were conducted in high-income countries. The included articles were analysed to identify themes related to successful interventions and factors influencing COIL capability.ResultsThirty-six articles were included, with two studies reporting unsuccessful attempts at increasing COIL capability. The studies were conducted in nine different countries, encompassing diverse units, with the timeframes varying from 15 weeks to 8 years, and they employed quantitative (n=10), qualitative (n=11) and mixed methods (n=15). Analysis of the included articles identified four themes for both attributes of interventions and the factors that facilitated or hindered successful interventions: (1) engaged managers with a strategic approach, (2) external training and guidance to develop internal knowledge, skills and confidence, (3) process and structure to achieve improvements and learning and (4) individuals and teams with autonomy, accountability, and safety.ConclusionThis review provides insights into the intervention attributes that are associated with increasing COIL capability in healthcare organisations as well as factors that can have hindering or facilitating effects. Strategic management, external support, structured processes and empowered teams emerged as key elements for enhancing COIL capability.