bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspects of Metallo‐sulfur Clusters' Electrochemistry
Authors: Barrière Frédéric 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Abiological Iron–Sulfur Clusters' Electrochemistry: The Black Roussinate as an Example

Models of Iron–Sulfur Centers in Protein

Models of
Fe
(
SR
)
4
Sites

Models of
Fe
2
S
2
(
SR
)
4
Sites

Models of Linear
Fe
3
S
4
(
SR
)
4
or Cuboidal
Fe
3
S
4
(
SR
)
3
Sites

Models of
Fe
4
S
4
(
SR
)
4
Sites, The Iron‐protein of Nitrogenase as an Example

Bridged Iron–Sulfur Molecular Assemblies

Nitrogenases

Introduction

Electrochemistry of the
Fe
8
S
7
P
Cluster and Models

Electrochemistry of the
Mo
Fe
7
S
9
Fe
Mo
Cofactor and Models

Hydrogenases

Conclusions
The Actinides
Authors: Stoll Michael E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionActiniumAqueous SolutionsElectrodepositionThoriumAqueous SolutionsNonaqueous SolutionsMolten‐salt SolutionsElectrodepositionOrganometallic and Coordination CompoundsProtactiniumAqueous SolutionsElectrodepositionNonaqueous SolutionsUraniumAqueous SolutionsElectrodepositionMolten‐salt SolutionsNonaqueous SolutionsNeptuniumAqueous SolutionsElectrodepositionNonaqueous SolutionsMolten‐salt SolutionsPlutoniumAqueous SolutionsElectrodepositionMolten‐salt SolutionsAmericiumAqueous SolutionsMolten‐salt SolutionsNonaqueous SolutionsElectrodepositionCuriumElectrodepositionBerkeliumCaliforniumEinsteiniumFermiumMendeleviumNobelium
Manganese
Authors: Schultz Franklin A. , Duncan Cole T. , Rigsby Matthew A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Mononuclear Complexes with Acyclic and Other Common Ligands

Redox Potentials

Coupled Chemical and Electrochemical Reactions

Electron‐transfer Kinetics

Mononuclear Complexes with Porphyrins, Schiff Bases, Phthalocyanine, and Related Macrocyclic Ligands

Introduction

Studies in Nonaqueous Media

Studies in Aqueous Media

Electrocatalytic Studies

Binuclear and Polynuclear Complexes

Introduction

Studies in Nonaqueous Media

Studies in Aqueous Media

Biological Systems

Introduction

Manganese Catalase

Manganese Peroxidase

Manganese Superoxide Dismutase

Oxygen‐evolving Center in Photosystem II
Electrochemistry of Cadmium
Authors: Stroka Jadwiga , Maksymiuk Krzysztof , Galus Zbigniew 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Double‐layer Properties of Cadmium Electrodes

Electrochemical Properties and Kinetics of the
Cd
(
II
)/
Cd
(
Hg
) Systems

Electrochemistry in Aqueous Solutions

Kinetics of Simple Ions

Influence of a Catalyst

Influence of Inhibitors

Electrochemistry in Mixed and Nonaqueous Solvents

Electrochemical Properties of the Cadmium Complexes

Determination of Stability Constants

Electrochemical Preparation of Cadmium Complexes

Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Cadmium Chalcogenides

CdS

CdSe

Cd
Te

Properties of Cadmium Intermetallic Compounds

Cadmium Underpotential Deposition and Electrodeposition on Solid Electrodes

Deposition of
Cd
on Cadmium Electrode

Electrodeposition of Cd on Other Solid Substrates

Gold

Platinum

Silver

Copper

Silicon

Other Substrates

Passivation and Corrosion of Cadmium

Passivation of Cadmium Electrode

Corrosion of Cadmium

Applied Electrochemistry

Batteries

Cadmium–Mercuric Oxide Primary Cells

Cadmium–Nickel Oxide (
Ni
–
Cd
) Secondary Cells

Cadmium–Silver Oxide Secondary Cells

Application in Electrochemical Sensors

Potentiometric Sensors

Amperometric‐voltammetric Sensors
Electrochemistry of Gold*Dedicated to the memory of Professor Ralph N. Adams, a respected and unforgettable electrochemist and man
Authors: Orlik Marek , Galus Zbigniew 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Preparation of
Au
Surfaces and Double‐layer Properties

Polycrystalline (
pc
‐
Au
) and Single‐crystal
Au
/
H
2
O
Interface

pc
‐
Au
and Single‐crystal
Au
/Nonaqueous Solutions Interface

Adsorption of Inorganic Compounds on Gold Electrodes

Sulfate

Hydroxide

Nitrate

Chloride

Bromide

Iodide

Cyanide

Thiocyanate

Other Inorganic Species

Adsorption of Organic Compounds on Gold Electrodes

Adsorption of Sulfur‐containing Compounds

Adsorption of Thiols

Adsorption of Modified Thiols

Adsorption of Thiourea

Adsorption of Disulfides and Related Compounds

Other Sulfur Compounds and Complex Adsorption Layers

Adsorption of Selenium‐containing Compounds

Adsorption of Nitrogen‐containing Compounds

Pyridine and its Derivatives

Pyrazine

Amines and Other Nitrogen‐containing Compounds

Adsorption of Other Organic Compounds

Alcohols

Aminoacids

Other Organic Acids

Nucleic Bases and Other Biochemical Compounds

Other Compounds

Reconstruction of the Surface of Gold Electrodes

Formation of Oxides on Gold Electrodes

Underpotential Deposition of Various Metals on
Au

Cu

Cd

Pd

S
,
Se
, and
Te

Sulfur

Selenium

Tellurium

Bi

Pt

Ni

Co

Sb

Sn

Al

Tl

Pb

Zn

Ge

Rh

Li

Fe

Ag

Hg

Electrochemistry of Coordination Compounds of Gold. Electrodissolution and Electrodeposition of
Au

Au
Electrodeposition

Au
Electrodissolution

Gold Clusters
Electrochemistry of Silver
Authors: Orlik Marek , Galus Zbigniew 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areProperties ofAgElectrodesPolycrystallineAgElectrodesPreparationSurface and Double‐layer PropertiesSingle‐crystalAgElectrodesPreparationSurface and Double‐layer PropertiesSurface DynamicsAffinity of Water and Nonaqueous Solvent Molecules toAgSurfacesAdsorption of Inorganic Species onAgElectrodesHalide Ionspc‐AgElectrodesSingle‐crystalAgElectrodesPseudohalideOxygen and its CompoundsSulfur CompoundsInorganic Carbon CompoundsFullerenesOther Inorganic CompoundsMetalocenesAdsorption of Organic Species onAgElectrodesHydrocarbonsPyridine and Other Nitrogen CompoundsCarboxylic AcidsAlcoholsSulfur CompoundsThiourea (TU)Alkanethiols and Self‐assembled MonolayersBiochemically Important CompoundsAdsorption on ModifiedAgElectrodesOther Organic CompoundsElectrode Processes with Participation of Silver ElectrodesReactions Involving Oxidation ofAgSurfaceOxygen and its CompoundsSulfur CompoundsCarbon CompoundsElectrode Reactions of Selected Organic Compounds, Adsorbed onAgElectrodesBiochemically Important SpeciesUnderpotential Deposition ProcessesAgUPDonAgAgUPDonAuandPtPbTlNiChalcogenidesOther Elements and CompoundsElectrodeposition and Electrodissolution Processes ofAgElectrodeposition ProcessesElectrodissolution ProcessesSilver Compounds at the Oxidation States Higher Than I
Methods to Investigate Mechanisms of Electroorganic Reactions
Authors: Speiser Bernd 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Scope: Methods of Molecular Electrochemistry

Historical Development

Why and How to Investigate Mechanisms of Electroorganic Reactions

Steps of Electrode Reaction Mechanisms

General

Transport

Electron Transfer

Chemical Kinetic Steps

Adsorption

Organic Electrode Reaction Mechanisms

Electron Transfer Initiates Chemistry

Nomenclature of Electrode Reaction Mechanisms

Formal Description of Events at an Electrode

Current‐Potential‐Time Relationships

Concentration Profiles

Methods of Mechanistic Electroorganic Chemistry

Classification

Controlled‐Potential Techniques

Controlled‐Current Techniques

Hydrodynamic Voltammetry

Exhaustive Electrolysis Techniques

How to Gain Access to Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Mechanisms of Electroorganic Reactions

Qualitative and Quantitative Investigation of Electrode Reaction Mechanisms

General Recommendations for Mechanistic Analysis

Some Mechanistic Examples

Pure
ET
Reactions

Follow‐up Reactions

Preequilibria to
ETs

Catalytic Reactions

How to Gain Additional Information about Electroorganic Reaction Mechanisms

Simulation

Ultramicroelectrodes

Electrogravimetry

Spectroelectrochemistry

Conclusion

Acknowledgment
Electrochemistry of Nitrogen‐containing Compounds
Authors: Moeller Kevin D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Oxidation of Amines

Amine Radical Cations as Electrochemical Mediators

Functionalization Reactions

N‐centered Radicals and Cycloadditions

Kolbe Oxidations and the Formation of
N
‐Acyliminium Ions

The Anodic Oxidation of Amides

General Reaction

Adding Functionality to Synthetic Starting Materials

Mediated Reactions and the use of Electroauxiliaries

The Application of Amide Oxidations to the Synthesis of Natural Products

The Synthesis of Azathymine Derivatives

Octahydroisoquinolines

ACE
Inhibitors A58365A and A58365B

(3
R
, 5
R
, 8
aR
)‐3‐
n
‐Butylindolizidine

Bulgecin C

(±)‐Anatoxin A

The Synthesis of Constrained Peptidomimetics

Introduction

The Synthesis of Constrained
TRH
Analogs

Sequential Amide Oxidation—Olefin Metathesis Strategies

Substance P Analogs and an Approach to Piperazinone Rings

Amide Oxidations and the Construction of Combinatorial Libraries

Conclusions

Acknowledgment
Electrochemistry of Heterocycles
Authors: Moinet Claude 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Overview on the Electrochemistry of Heterocycles

Electrosyntheses of Heterocycles

Anodic Cyclizations

Cathodic Cyclizations

Electrochemical Behavior of Heterocycles

Oxidation of Heterocycles

Reduction of Heterocycles

Oxidative Cyclizations at the Anode

Intramolecular Cyclizations

Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation

Carbon–Heteroatom Bond Formation

Heteroatom–Heteroatom Bond Formation

Intermolecular Coupling

Heterocoupling Reactions

Homocoupling Reactions

Reductive Cyclization at the Cathode

Intramolecular Cyclization

Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation

Carbon–Heteroatom Bond Formation

Heteroatom–Heteroatom Bond Formation

Intermolecular Cyclization

Heterocoupling Reactions

Homocoupling Reaction

Anodic Oxidation of Heterocycles

Double Bond Formation

Functionalization of Heterocycles

Methoxylation Reactions

Acetoxylation Reactions

Hydroxylation Reactions

Cyanation Reactions

Halogenation Reactions

Trifluoromethylation Reactions

Intramolecular Coupling Reactions

Dimerization Reactions

Ring Expansions

Ring Contractions

Ring Opening

Cathodic Reduction of Heterocycles

Electroreductive Hydrogenation of Double Bonds

Functionalization of Heterocycles

Addition Reactions

Substitution Reactions

Intramolecular Coupling Reactions

Dimerization Reactions

Ring Expansions

Ring Contractions

Ring Opening
Selectivity in Electrochemical Reactions
Authors: Fuchigami Toshio , Nonaka Tsutomu , Schäfer Hans J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionRegioselectivityRegioselectivity at the AnodeRegioselective Substitution ofCHBondsRegioselective Addition to Double BondsAnodic CleavageAnodicC,C‐CouplingRegioselectivity in Cathode ReactionsRegioselective SubstitutionCathodic AdditionCathodic CleavageCathodic CouplingElectrogenerated BasesChemoselectivityGeneralChemoselectivity in Anode ReactionsAnodic DehydrogenationAnodic CleavageAnodic Substitution and AdditionChemoselectivity in Cathode ReactionsCathodic HydrogenationCathodic Cleavage and EliminationStereoselectivityGeneralDiastereoselectivityDiastereoselectivity at the AnodeDiastereoselectivity at the CathodeHydrogenationCleavageEliminationEnantioselectivityGeneralAnodeCathode
Indirect Electrochemical Reactions
Authors: Torii Sigeru 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionIndirect ElectrooxidationIndirect Oxidation with Halide IonsChloro Cation [CI]+‐assisted Indirect OxidationBromo Cation [Br]+‐assisted Indirect OxidationIndirect Oxidation with [I]+andIO4−as Electron CarriersIndirect Oxidation with Organic MediatorsMediators Containing Sulfur and Selenium ElementsMediators Containing NitrogenIndirect Oxidation with Other Redox SystemsMetal Ion‐assisted Indirect OxidationIndirect Oxidation with Metal Ion Redox SystemsIndirect Oxidation with Nickel (Ni) and Cobalt (Co) CompoundsIron (Fe) Complex‐assisted OxidationIndirect Oxidation with Chromic Acid [Cr(VI)]Palladium (Pd)‐assisted OxidationRuthenium (Ru)‐assisted OxidationOsmium (Os)‐assisted OxidationIndirect Oxidation with Manganese [Mn(III)]Indirect Oxidation with Cerium (Ce) ComplexesCopper (Cu) and Silver (Ag)‐assisted OxidationThallic Ion [Tl(III)]‐assisted OxidationIndirect ElectroreductionIndirect Reduction with Mediators Containing Nickel, Cobalt, and IronNickel (Ni) Complex MediatorsCobalt (Co) Complex MediatorsIron (Fe) Complex MediatorsIndirect Reduction with Mediators Containing Palladium, Rhodium, Iridium, and PlatinumPalladium (Pd) Complex MediatorsPlatinum (Pt) Complex MediatorsRhodium and Iridium Complex MediatorsIndirect Reduction with Mediators Containing Ruthenium and OsmiumRuthenium (Ru) Complex MediatorsOsmium (Os) Complex MediatorsIndirect Reduction with Mediators Containing Chromium, Molybdenum, and TungstenChromium (Cr) Complex MediatorsMolybdenum (Mo) Complex MediatorsTungsten (W) Complex MediatorsIndirect Reduction with Mediators Containing Manganese and RheniumManganese (Mn) Complex MediatorsRhenium (Re) Complex MediatorsIndirect Reduction with Mediators Containing Titanium, Tin, and LeadTitanium (Ti) Complex MediatorsTin (Sn) Complex MediatorsLead (Pb) Complex MediatorsIndirect Reduction with Mediators Containing Zinc (Zn), Mercury (Hg), and Cadmium (Cd)Indirect Reduction with Mediators Containing Selenides (Se) or Tellurides (Te)Indirect Reduction with Mediators Containing Miscellaneous Metal ComplexesSamarium (Sm) and Indium (In) Complex MediatorsAntimony (Sb) and Bismuth (Bi) Complex MediatorsCopper (Cu) Complex Mediators
Electrochemical Immunoassay
Authors: Wijayawardhana C. Ajith , Halsall H. Brian , Heineman William R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionEnzyme Electrochemical ImmunoassaysElectrochemical DetectionTheE‐S‐PSystemHeterogeneous Enzyme ImmunoassayUltrasensitive Heterogeneous Enzyme Assays in Small VolumesHomogeneous Enzyme ImmunoassayNonenzyme Electrochemical ImmunoassaysNonenzyme Homogeneous ImmunoassaysHeterogeneous Nonenzymatic ImmunoassaysElectrochemical ImmunosensorsApplicationsConclusion
Electrochemistry of Metalloporphyrins in Nonaqueous Media
Authors: Kadish Karl M. , Caemelbecke Eric Van 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionPorphyrin Electrochemistry in the Early 1960sand the 1970sPorphyrin Electrochemistry in the 1980s and the 1990sSelection of Appropriate Solvent and Supporting ElectrolyteSelection of Appropriate Supporting ElectrolyteEffect of Macrocycle Structure on PotentialsEffect of Axial LigationPeriodic Table of MetalloporphyrinsGroups 1–4Groups 5 and 6Group 7Group 8RutheniumOsmiumIronGroup 9Group 10Group 11Group 12Group 13Group 14Group 15Concluding StatementAcknowledgments
Electrochemistry in Bioanalysis
Authors: Mikkelsen Susan R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionBioanalysisElectroanalytical MethodsPotentiometric MethodsIntroductionZero‐Current PotentiometryISEsin BioanalysisEnzymes, Antibodies, and Nucleic Acids with Zero‐Current PotentiometryDynamic PotentiometryEmerging TechnologyCommercialization of Potentiometric DevicesAmperometric MethodsIntroductionDirect Amperometric MethodsAmperometric Measurements with EnzymesAmperometric Immunoassays and ImmunosensorsAmperometric Nucleic Acid Assays and SensorsEmerging TechnologyCommercialization of Amperometric DevicesImpedimetric MethodsIntroductionImpedimetric Assays and SensorsCommercially Available Instruments for Impedance MeasurementsFuture Directions and PerspectivesAcknowledgments
Charge Transport in Polymer‐modified Electrodes
Authors: Inzelt György 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areGeneral ConsiderationsElectron TransportElectron‐exchange ReactionProblems with the Verification of the ModelAdvanced Theories Predicting NonlinearD(c) FunctionTransition between Percolation and Diffusion BehaviorsPotential Dependence of Diffusion CoefficientElectronic ConductivityIon TransportCoupling of Electron and Ionic Charge TransportOther Transport ProcessesSolvent TransportDynamics of Polymeric MotionFilm Structure and MorphologyThicknessSynthesis Conditions, Nature of ElectrolyteEffect of Electrolyte Concentration and TemperatureRelaxation and Hysteresis PhenomenaMeasurements of the Rate of Charge Transport
Modification of Transparent Conducting Oxide (
TCO
) Electrodes through Silanization and Chemisorption of Small Molecules
Authors: Brumbach Michael , Armstrong Neal R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

The Metal Oxide Electrode and Modification Schemes

Commonly Encountered
TCO
Electrodes

Variability in
TCO
Electrodes

Factors that Control the Surface Composition of the
TCO
Electrode

Chemical Modification of
TCO
Surfaces Using Silane Chemistries

Introduction to Silane Modification

Examples of Silane Modification

Silane Modification of Electrodes for Use in Devices

Modification of
TCO
Surfaces through Chemisorption of Small Molecules

Modification using Small Molecules Containing Carboxylic Acid Functionality

Modification Using Phosphonic Acids and Other Chemisorbing Functionalities

Conclusions

Acknowledgments
Electrochemistry of Monolayer Assemblies at the Air/Water Interface
Authors: Majda Marcin 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Langmuir and Gibbs Monolayers at the Air/Water Interface

Horizontal Touch Electrochemical Characterization of Monolayer Films at the Air/Water Interface

Two‐dimensional Electrochemistry

Fabrication and Characterization of Line Microelectrodes

2
D
Electrochemical Investigations of Langmuir Monolayer Films

Dynamics of the Lateral Diffusion of Surfactants on the Water Surface

Measurements of the
LE
/
G
Phase Transitions and their Critical Temperature

Kinetics of Electron Hopping in Langmuir Monolayers

Acknowledgments
Metal Substrates for Self‐assembled Monolayers
Authors: Schneeweiss Marie Anne , Rubinstein Israel 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

General Considerations Regarding Substrates

Specific Requirements Imposed by Analysis Techniques

Polycrystalline, Textured, Single‐crystalline Substrates

Major Aspects Regarding Substrate Preparation/ Pretreatment

Substrates Used for
SAM
Preparation

Gold

Gold Films on Various Supports

Bulk Gold

Gold Beads

Oxidized Gold

Other Gold Substrates for Special Applications

Comparative Studies

Silver

Silver Films on Supports

Bulk Silver

Copper

Copper Films on Supports

Bulk Copper

Copper Oxide

Iron

Aluminum

Platinum

Nickel

Titanium

Stainless Steel

Mercury
Metal‐ion Binding to Self‐assembled Monolayers on Surfaces
Authors: Vaskevich Alexander , Rubinstein Israel 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Binding of Metal Ions to Functionalized
SAMs
: General Phenomena and Case Studies

Stoichiometry of Surface Metal‐organic Complexes

Solution‐surface Equilibrium

SAMs
as Metal‐ion Receptors

Ion Binding to
SAMs
: Direct Electrochemical Reporting

Binding of Electrochemically Inert Ions: Reporting by Redox Reactions of Solution Species

Binding of Electrochemically Inert Ions: Reporting by Redox Centers in the
SAM

Binding of Electrochemically Inert Ions: Application of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (
EIS
)

Optical Methods for Control and Reporting of Ion Binding to
SAMs

Bilayers Formed by Metal‐organic Coordination

Coordinated Organic Bilayers

Immobilization of Biological Molecules through Coordination Binding

Binding of Macrocycle Molecules
Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) Evaluation of the Chemically Modified Solid Surface
Authors: Ye Shen , Uosaki Kohei 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionTheoryQuantitative Analysis ofSFGSpectraExperimental SetupSFGStudies in the Molecular Structure on the Organic Thin Film InterfacesModified Solid Surfaces in Gas PhaseSAMsLBFilmsModified Solid Surfaces in SolutionSAMsin SolutionLBFilms in SolutionInterfacial Water Structures on the Modified Solid SurfaceSummaryAcknowledgment
Electrocatalysis of Inorganic Chemicals by Chemically Modified Electrodes
Authors: Keita Bineta , Nadjo Louis 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Inorganic

The Three Main Strategies as Applied to the
NO

x

Other Illustrative Examples:
O
2
,
H
2
,
Cl
O
3
−
,
CO

x

A Brief Overview of the Dimensionally Stable Anodes (
DSA
) Story

Electrocatalysis by Oxide Materials Electrodeposited from Oxometalates

Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (
HER
)

Oxygen Reduction

Electrocatalysis and Analysis

Some Recent Trends in Electrode Surface Modification Techniques

Concluding Remarks
How many deaths will it take? A death from asthma associated with work‐related environmental tobacco smoke
Authors: Stanbury Martha , Chester Debra , Hanna Elizabeth A. , Rosenman Kenneth D. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundDespite epidemiologic, experimental and observational data on the association of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and adverse health effects, bar and restaurant workers remain exposed to ETS in the majority of states and countries.MethodsThree public health surveillance systems were used to identify and conduct a follow‐up investigation of a reported acute asthma death of a young waitress in a bar.ResultsThe waitress collapsed at the bar where she worked and was declared dead shortly thereafter. Evaluation of the circumstances of her death and her medical history concluded that her death was from acute asthma due to environmental tobacco smoke at work.ConclusionsThis is the first reported acute asthma death associated with work‐related ETS. Recent studies of asthma among bar and restaurant workers before and after smoking bans support this association. This death dramatizes the need to enact legal protections for workers in the hospitality industry from secondhand smoke. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:111–116, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What does geometric mean, mean geometrically? Assessing the utility of geometric mean and other size variables in studies of skull allometry
Authors: Coleman Mark N. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of using different size variables for interpretations of relative orbit size and mandibular robusticity. Thirty‐three skull measurements taken on 385 platyrrhines representing 12 of 16 New World monkey genera (in addition to body mass and total body length) were used singly and in combinations (by taking the geometric mean of all measurements) as size variables to produce relative size indices of orbit area and mandibular thickness. These indices were then compared to investigate which size variables proved effective at differentiating nocturnal from diurnal taxa and hard object from soft object feeders based upon results from previous biomechanical studies.It was found that certain groups of size variables consistently produced the a priori expectations and resulted in lower coefficients of variation. The general principles shared by these size variables were that they sampled anatomically remote regions of the skull that appear to be functionally independent from the trait being evaluated and they were nearly always geometric mean combinations composed of a relatively high number (≥12) of large measurements. Suggestions are also presented for amending these principles for use with incomplete material such as fossils. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.