bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of changes in the middle latency auditory evoked potential during anesthesia with sevoflurane in dogs
Authors: Murrell Joanna C. , Groot Harry N. de , Psatha Evdokia , Hellebrekers Ludo J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To investigate the middle latency auditory evoked potential (MLAEP) in awake dogs and dogs anesthetized with 2 concentrations of sevoflurane.Animals—10 adult Beagles.Procedure—The MLAEP was recorded while dogs were awake and anesthetized with sevoflurane (end-tidal concentration, 2.7% or 3.5%). Three needle electrodes were inserted SC, and click stimuli were delivered biaurally. Signal acquisition, averaging, and analysis were performed by use of computer software developed in-house. Signals were recorded for 128 milliseconds, and the responses to 1,024 stimuli were averaged. Waveforms from 10 recordings in each dog were averaged, and latencies of peaks were measured. Data acquired for awake dogs and dogs anesthetized with high and low sevoflurane concentrations were compared statistically.Results—Sevoflurane anesthesia attenuated the MLAEP so that only peaks P0, Na, and Pa could be identified. The MLAEP changes were maximal at the lower concentration of sevoflurane evaluated. The latencies of these peaks were significantly shorter in awake dogs, compared with values in anesthetized dogs. No difference in the peak latency was detected between the sevoflurane concentrations.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In terms of CNS responsiveness, the effects of anesthesia with sevoflurane are similar to those of anesthesia with isoflurane. Data suggest that sevoflurane is not the inhalant agent of choice in a research setting where electroencephalographic measurements are to be recorded during anesthesia. The depression of the MLAEP waveform by sevoflurane also suggests that the MLAEP is not a suitable tool with which to monitor anesthetic depth during sevoflurane anesthesia in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1156–1161)
In vitro cytopathic effects of a cysteine protease of Tritrichomonas foetus on cultured bovine uterine epithelial cells
Authors: Singh Bibhuti N. , Hayes Gary R. , Lucas John J. , Beach David H. , Gilbert Robert O. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the cytopathic effects of
Tritrichomonas foetus and a purified cysteine protease
(ie, CP30) of T foetus on cultured bovine uterine
epithelial cells (BUECs) in vitro.

Sample Population—10 reproductive tracts were
obtained from late-term bovine fetuses at a commercial
abattoir.

Procedure—An in vitro culture system of BUECs was
developed to study the cytopathic effects of T foetus
and purified CP30 of T foetus on host cells.
Cytotoxicity of T foetus or CP30 on exposed BUECs
was determined. Fluorescence microscopy and flow
cytometry analyses were used to detect apoptosis. A
fluorometric assay was used to detect BUEC caspase
3 activation. The CP inhibitor E-64 and a caspase
inhibitor were used to inhibit apoptosis.

Results—Cytopathic effects were observed in
BUECs treated with parasites or CP30 and were concentration
and time dependent. The BUECs underwent
apoptosis in the presence of parasites or CP30.
The specific CP inhibitor E-64 abolished the induction
of apoptosis in BUECs by CP30. The caspase inhibitor
reduced the amount of apoptosis in BUECs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—T foetus and
its CP30 induce apoptosis in cultured BUECs in vitro.
Induction of apoptosis by CP30 is correlated with protease
activity. Endometrial cell death as a result of a
T foetus infection is likely to be more important in
mediating infertility than a direct effect on the conceptus.
Provoking an apoptotic reaction in the host may
mitigate an inflammatory reaction or immune
response and therefore favor survival of the parasite in
a chronic infection. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:1181–1186)
Pharmacokinetic interactions of flunixin meglumine and enrofloxacin in dogs
Authors: Ogino Tomoe , Mizuno Yasuharu , Ogata Tomoko , Takahashi Yoshiyuki 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To examine pharmacokinetic interactions of flunixin meglumine and enrofloxacin in dogs following simultaneously administered SC injections of these drugs.Animals—10 Beagles (4 males and 6 females).Procedure—All dogs underwent the following 3 drug administration protocols with a 4-week washout period between treatments: flunixin administration alone (1 mg/kg, SC); simultaneous administration of flunixin (1 mg/kg, SC) and enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg, SC); and enrofloxacin administration alone (5 mg/kg, SC). Blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein at 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, and 24 hours following SC injections, and pharmacokinetic parameters of flunixin and enrofloxacin were calculated from plasma drug concentrations.Results—Significant increases in the area under the curve (32%) and in the elimination half-life (29%) and a significant decrease (23%) in the elimination rate constant from the central compartment of flunixin were found following coadministration with enrofloxacin, compared with administration of flunixin alone. A significant increase (50%) in the elimination half-life and a significant decrease (21%) in the maximum plasma drug concentration of enrofloxacin were found following coadministration with flunixin, compared with administration of enrofloxacin alone.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The observed decrease in drug clearances as a result of coadministration of flunixin and enrofloxacin indicates that these drugs interact during the elimination phase. Consequently, care should be taken during the concomitant use of flunixin and enrofloxacin in dogs to avoid adverse drug reactions. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1209–1213)
Quantitative comparison of three commonly used treatments for navicular syndrome in horses
Authors: Schoonover Mike J. , Jann Henry W. , Blaik Margaret A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To quantitatively compare 3 commonly used treatments for navicular syndrome (NS) in horses: heel-elevation shoeing alone, heel-elevation shoeing and phenylbutazone administration, heel-elevation shoeing and injection of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) with triamcinolone acetonide (TA), and all 3 treatments in combination.Animals—12 horses with NS.Procedure—A force plate was used to measure baseline peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF) of the forelimbs. Each horse's forelimbs were shod with 3° heel-elevation horseshoes; PVGRF was measured 24 hours and 14 days after shoeing. Fourteen days after shoeing (following data collection), phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg, IV, q 12 h) was administered (5 treatments). Two hours after the fifth treatment, PVGRF was measured; TA (6 mg) was injected into the DIPJ of the forelimb that generated the lower baseline PVGRF. Fourteen days later, PVGRF was measured. Phenylbutazone was administered as before, and PVGRF was measured. Percentage body weight of force (%BWF) was calculated from PVGRF measurements and used for comparisons.Results—14 days after shoeing, mean %BWF in both forelimbs significantly increased from baseline; additional administration of phenylbutazone significantly increased %BWF applied from the more lame forelimb. Compared with shoeing alone, there was no significant change in %BWF after injection of the DIPJ with TA in shod horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Heel-elevation shoeing alone and in combination with phenylbutazone administration quantitatively decreased lameness in horses with NS. Although not significant, additional DIPJ injection with TA resulted in further quantitative decrease in lameness, compared with that achieved via shoeing alone. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1247–1251)
In vitro mechanical evaluation on the use of an intramedullary pin-plate combination for pantarsal arthrodesis in dogs
Authors: Kirsch John A. , Déjardin Loïc M. , DeCamp Charles E. , Meyer Eric G. , Haut Roger C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare the biomechanical properties of pantarsal arthrodesis achieved with a dorsal bone plate-alone (BPA) or pin-plate combination (PPC).Sample Population—8 pairs of cadaver canine tarsi.Procedure—Within a pair, 1 tarsus was arthrodesed by use of a 13-hole 3.5-mm broad dynamic compression bone plate applied to the dorsal aspect of the tarsus; the paired tarsus received an identical plate similarly applied, with the addition of an intramedullary pin filling approximately 40% of the tibial medullary canal, spanning the tibiotarsal joint. Plates were instrumented with strain gauges proximal and distal to the solid portion of the plate. Specimens were mounted on a servo-hydraulic testing machine and loaded at 20%, 40%, and 80% of body weight for 10 cycles at 1 Hz. Construct compliance, angular deformation, and plate strain were determined during the 10th cycle.Results—PPC specimens were less compliant than BPA specimens at all loads and had significantly less angular deformation than BPA specimens at loads of 40% and 80% of body weight. Tibiotarsal gauge microstrain was significantly less in PPC specimens, compared with BPA specimens, regardless of loads. Maximal strains were 33.5% to 40.5% less in PPC than BPA specimens.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—For pantarsal arthrodesis in dogs, our results indicate that the PPC construct is biomechanically superior to the BPA construct. By improving construct stability, addition of an intramedullary pin to the traditional BPA technique may lessen implant-related complications and improve plate fatigue life. A subsequent decrease in postoperative morbidity may occur with little addition of time or complexity to the surgical procedure. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:125–131)
Comparison of measured oxyhemoglobin saturation and oxygen content with analyzer-calculated values and hand-calculated values obtained in unsedated healthy dogs
Authors: Scott Nancy E. , Haskins Steve C. , Aldrich Janet , Rezende Marlis , Gallagher Ryan M. , Henderson Matthew M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare direct measurements of canine oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) saturation and blood oxygen content (ContO2) in healthy dogs with analyzer-calculated values derived by use of a human HbO2relationship and with hand-calculated values derived by use of a canine HbO2relationship.Animals—17 healthy dogs.Procedure—3-mL samples of heparinized arterial and jugular venous blood were collected from each dog. The pH, PCO2, PO2, hemoglobin, HbO2, carboxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, and ContO2were measured; HbO2and ContO2were calculated automatically by analyzers and also hand-calculated. Blood gas analyzer–calculated and hand-calculated HbO2values were compared with co-oximeter–measured HbO2values. Analyzer-calculated and hand-calculated ContO2values were compared with oxygen content analyzermeasured values.Results—Hand-calculated HbO2values for arterial and jugular venous samples were slightly but significantly lower than those calculated by a blood gas analyzer or obtained from a co-oximeter. Hand-calculated and analyzer-calculated arterial and venous ContO2were similar to measured values.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although certain HbO2and ContO2values generated by use of the different methods were significantly different, these differences are unlikely to be clinically important in healthy dogs. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1273–1277)
Evaluation of horseshoe characteristics and high-speed exercise history as possible risk factors for catastrophic musculoskeletal injury in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Hernandez Jorge A. , Scollay Mary C. , Hawkins Dan L. , Corda Julie A. , Krueger Traci M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate horseshoe characteristics and high-speed exercise history as risk factors for catastrophic musculoskeletal injury in Thoroughbred racehorses.Animals—377 horses (37,529 race starts).Procedure—Shoe characteristics included material, toe grab height, heel traction device, pads, and rim shoes. Racing variables were obtained from a computerized database. Forty-three horses that had a musculoskeletal injury and then failed to race or train for 6 months (cases) and 334 noninjured horses from the same race in which a horse was injured (controls) were compared regarding risk factors.Results—Overall, 98% of race starts were associated with aluminum shoes, 85% with toe grabs, 32% with pads, and 12% with rims on forelimb horseshoes. Among 43 horses with musculoskeletal injury, sex (geldings), an extended interval since last race, and reduced exercise during the 30 or 60 days preceding injury were risk factors for catastrophic injury. Odds of injury in racehorses with toe grabs on front shoes were 1.5 times the odds of injury in horses without toe grabs, but this association was not significant (95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 4.1).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that horses that return to racing after an extended period of reduced exercise are at high risk of catastrophic musculoskeletal injury. Results regarding the use of toe grabs as a possible risk factor for catastrophic injury were inconclusive because the probability of declaring (in error) that use of toe grabs was associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal injury (eg, odds ratio > 1.0) was 38%. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1314–1320)
In vitro force mapping of normal canine humeroradial and humeroulnar joints
Authors: Mason David R. , Schulz Kurt S. , Fujita Yukihiro , Kass Philip H. , Stover Susan M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the distribution of force between the articular surfaces of the humerus and radius and between the humerus and ulna in normal canine forelimbs.Sample population—12 cadaveric canine right forelimbs.Procedure—Transarticular force maps were created by placing a tactile array pressure sensor into the elbow joint cavity and loading cadaveric forelimbs in a materials testing system. Mean joint forces were determined at loads of 50, 100, 150, and 200 N.Results—All tests produced 2 distinct areas of high load that corresponded with the proximal articular surfaces of the radius and ulna. Mean forces for the radial proximal articular surface were slightly but significantly greater than for the ulna, averaging 51% to 52% of total force for all applied loads.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The proximal articular surface of the ulna contributes substantially to load transfer through the canine elbow joint. Abnormalities, which increase this load, might contribute to canine elbow joint dysplasia, specifically fragmentation of the medial coronoid process and osteochondritis dissecans of the medial aspect of the humeral condyle. In the treatment of these conditions, the normal force distribution within the canine elbow joint should be taken into consideration. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:132–135)
Effect of protein concentration on rate of closure of ameroid constrictors in vitro
Authors: Monnet Eric , Rosenberg Adam 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of protein concentration on rate of closure of ameroid constrictors in vitro.Sample Population—Twenty-four 3.5-mm ameroid constrictors.Procedure—Ameroid constrictors were equally allocated into 4 treatment groups; constrictors were placed in saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control) or plasma diluted with saline solution to obtain protein concentrations of 1.5, 3, or 6 g/dL. Ameroid constrictors were incubated for 27 days. A digital camera was used to image ameroid constrictors in culture at 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, and 27 days, and the lumen diameter of each constrictor was measured.Results—None of the rings were completely closed at 27 days. Mean final lumen diameter was 0.205 ± 0.22 mm. Mean final lumen diameter of constrictors in the control group was significantly larger than that of constrictors in the 1.5, 3, and 6 g/dL groups. Constrictors in the 1.5 g/dL group closed to a larger diameter than that of constrictors in the 6 g/dL group. Constrictors in the control group had the smallest overall change in lumen diameter, compared with constrictors in the 3 and 6 g/dL groups. Constrictors in the 1.5 g/dL group had a significant decrease in overall lumen diameter, compared with constrictors in the 3 and 6 g/dL groups. The diameter of the ameroid lumen was a function of time and protein concentration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—High plasma protein concentrations resulted in rapid closure of the ameroid constrictor lumen. Complete closure of ameroid constrictors may not be attributable to imbibition of casein. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1337–1340)
Effectiveness of a cytolysin-enriched vaccine for protection of cattle against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: George Lisle W. , Borrowman Andrew J. , Angelos John A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the immunogenicity of aMoraxella boviscytolysin-enriched vaccine for prevention of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK).Animals—104 mixed-breed beef calves ranging between 4 and 8 months of age.Procedure—Vaccines were prepared by the diafiltration of broth culture supernatant from hemolyticM bovisoror sterile media. The diafiltered retentate was combined with Quil A adjuvant. Calves were randomly assigned to receive either the cytolysin vaccine (n = 35) or, as controls, adjuvant (35) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (34). Eyes of all calves were examined weekly for signs of IBK for 15 weeks. Calves that developed severe IBK were treated SC with florfenicol.Results—Cytolysin vaccine contained 4 proteins with molecular masses ranging between 65 and 90 kd. Cytolysin-vaccinated calves had fewer instances of IBK than control calves. The time of onset of corneal lesions in cytolysin-vaccinated calves that developed IBK was delayed, compared with that of calves in either control group. The cytolysin-Quil A vaccine contained endotoxin, but calves did not have clinical signs of illness after vaccination.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Calves that were vaccinated with a cytolysin-enriched vaccine had some resistance to IBK. Vaccines containing concentrated diafilteredM boviscytolysin could protect beef calves against IBK. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:136–142)
Comparisons of the effects of acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and transcutaneous cranial electrical stimulation on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs
Authors: Culp Lindsey B. , Skarda Roman T. , Muir III William W. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To compare the effects of acupuncture
(AP), electroacupuncture (EA), and transcutaneous
cranial electrical stimulation (TCES) with high-frequency
intermittent currents on the minimum alveolar
concentration (MAC) of isoflurane and associated cardiovascular
variables in dogs.

Animals—8 healthy adult female Beagles.

Procedure—Each dog was anesthetized with isoflurane
on 4 occasions, allowing a minimum of 10 days
between experiments. Isoflurane MAC values were
determined for each dog without treatment (controls)
and after treatment with AP and EA (AP points included
the Large Intestine 4, Lung 7, Governing Vessel 20,
Governing Vessel 14, San Tai, and Baihui) and TCES.
Isoflurane MAC values were determined by use of
noxious electrical buccal stimulation. Heart rate,
mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), arterial blood
oxygen saturation (SpO2) measured by use of pulse
oximetry, esophageal body temperature, inspired and
expired end-tidal isoflurane concentrations, end-tidal
carbon dioxide concentration, and bispectral index
(BIS) were monitored. Blood samples were collected
for determination of plasma cortisol concentration.

Results—Mean ± SD baseline MAC of isoflurane was
1.19 ± 0.1%. Acupuncture did not significantly change
MAC of isoflurane. Treatments with EA and TCES significantly
lowered the MAC of isoflurane by 10.1%
and 13.4%, respectively. The SpO2, heart rate, MAP,
BIS, esophageal body temperature, and plasma cortisol
concentration were not significantly different after
AP, EA, TCES, and control treatments at any time
interval.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of EA
and TCES decreased MAC of isoflurane in dogs without
inducing adverse hemodynamic effects. However,
the reduction in isoflurane MAC by EA and TCES treatments
was not considered clinically relevant. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:1364–1370)
Evaluation of the effects of nephrotomy on renal function in clinically normal cats
Authors: Bolliger Christian , Walshaw Richard , Kruger John M. , Rosenstein Diana S. , Richter Marlee A. , Hauptman Joe G. , Mauer Whitney A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effects of nephrotomy on renal function in clinically normal cats.Animals—20 specific-pathogen-free, 9- to 11-month old female mixed-breed cats.Procedure—Serum chemistry analyses, CBC determinations, urinalyses, microbiologic urine cultures, renal ultrasonography, abdominal radiography, and single-kidney and total glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determinations by use of renal scintigraphy and measurements of plasma disappearance of technetium 99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid were performed before surgery and at 3, 12, 26, 52, and 78 weeks after surgery in 10 cats that underwent unilateral nephrotomy and in 10 control cats that underwent a sham surgical procedure.Results—Two cats (1 from each group) did not complete the study, and their data were eliminated from analyses. Unilateral nephrotomy resulted in a 10% to 20% reduction in mean single-kidney GFR, compared with that of nephrotomy contralateral control kidneys. However, mean total GFR in nephrotomy-group cats was not significantly different from that of shamgroup cats. Over the 78 weeks of study, mean total GFR declined 34% and 40% in nephrotomy- and sham-group cats, respectively. Adverse events associated with nephrotomy included persistent microscopic hematuria, renal pelvis hyperechogenicity with distant shadowing on ultrasonographic evaluation, dilatation of renal pelves, and hydronephrosis.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Nephrotomy in normal functioning feline kidneys results in a modest relative reduction in renal function, compared with contralateral kidney controls, but has minimal effect on total GFR when compared with sham-operated control cats. However, any detrimental effects of nephrotomy may be magnified in cats with diseased kidneys, which may have little or no capacity for repair or compensation. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1400–1407)
Effects of antitussive agents administered before bronchoalveolar lavage in horses
Authors: Westermann Cornélie M. , Laan Tamarinde T. , van Nieuwstadt Roel A. , Bull Sarah , Fink-Gremmels Johanna 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether treatment of horses with antitussive agents before bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) reduces the frequency and intensity of the cough reflex during BAL.Animals—8 healthy horses.Procedure—Standard BAL was performed on each horse weekly for 6 weeks. Detomidine was used as a general sedative, and various antitussive agents were evaluated for their suitability to suppress undesirable coughing. Treatments administered prior to BAL consisted of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control treatment), codeine, butorphanol tartrate, glycopyrrolate, lidocaine hydrochloride (final concentration, 0.33%), and lidocaine hydrochloride at a final concentration of 0.66% (lidocaine 0.66%). Frequency and intensity of coughing were digitally recorded throughout the BAL procedure. The volume of BAL fluid collected was measured, and the fluid was cytologically examined to assess potential effects of the medications on composition.Results—Coughing frequency was significantly reduced after intratracheal administration of lidocaine 0.66%. Moreover, intratracheal administration of lidocaine 0.66% or IV administration of butorphanol resulted in a significant reduction in the intensity of coughing episodes. All other treatments failed to significantly suppress coughing frequency and intensity, compared with results for the saline treatment. Glycopyrrolate caused obvious adverse clinical effects. Treatments did not influence the volume of BAL fluid collected nor composition of the fluid.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Intratracheal administration of lidocaine (final concentration, 0.66%) proved to be the most reliable method to reduce frequency and intensity of coughing in horses during BAL. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1420–1424)