bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial comparing multiple stab incision phlebectomy and transilluminated powered phlebectomy for varicose veins
Authors: Chetter I C , Mylankal K J , Hughes H , Fitridge R 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Background
The aim was to compare early postoperative subjective outcome measures in a randomized trial of multiple stab incision phlebectomy (MSIP) and transilluminated powered phlebectomy (TIPP) for the treatment of varicose veins.

Methods
Patients having surgery for varicose veins were randomized to receive either MSIP or TIPP for local avulsion of varicose veins. Operating time, number of incisions and postoperative outcome were analysed in both groups. Quality of life (QoL) was analysed before and 1 and 6 weeks after surgery using domain-specific (Burford pain scale), disease-specific (Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire) and generic (Short Form 36 and EuroQol 5D) instruments.

Results
Sixty-six patients consented to participate in the trial but four withdrew before surgery, so 33 patients underwent MSIP and 29 patients had TIPP. All patients had symptomatic or complicated varicose veins. There was no significant difference between groups in the total duration of surgery or the time taken for the avulsions. The number of incisions was significantly lower with TIPP. However, skin bruising at 1 and 6 weeks, and Burford pain score at 6 weeks were significantly higher in the TIPP group (P &lt; 0·01 for bruising and P = 0·019 for pain). TIPP also had a greater adverse impact on generic QoL, resulting in a more prolonged recovery.

Conclusion
TIPP had the advantage of fewer surgical incisions, but was associated with more extensive bruising, prolonged pain and reduced early postoperative QoL.
Mesoporous Hybrid Thin Films: The Physics and Chemistry Beneath
Authors: Soler‐Illia G. J. A. A. , Innocenzi P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMesoporous films containing organic or biological functions within an organised array of cavities are produced by combining sol–gel, self‐assembly of supramolecular templates and surface chemistry. This paper reviews the essential physics and chemical concepts behind the synthesis of these complex multifunctional materials.
Effects of Dipolar Interactions on Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Multichromophore Assemblies: A Case Study
Authors: Terenziani Francesca , Mongin Olivier , Katan Claudine , Bhatthula Bharath Kumar Goud , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille 
Published: January 2006

AbstractInterchromophore interactions in flexible multidipolar structures for nonlinear optics were addressed by a combined experimental and theoretical study on two series of one‐, two‐, and three‐chromophore systems in which identical push–pull chromophores are assembled through covalent and flexible linkers in close proximity. The photophysical and nonlinear optical properties (quadratic hyperpolarizability) of the multichromophore systems were investigated and compared to those of the monomeric chromophores. Multimers have larger dipole moments than their monomeric analogues, that is, the dipolar subchromophores self‐orientate within the multimeric structures. This effect was found to depend on the intersubchromophore distance in a nontrivial manner, which confirms that molecular engineering of such flexible systems is more complex than in completely geometrically controlled systems. Electric‐field‐induced second‐harmonic generation (EFISHG) measurements in solution revealed increased figures of merit as compared to the monomeric analogue. This effect increases with increasing number and polarity of the individual subchromophores in the nanoassembly and increasing spacing between dipolar subchromophores. Experimental results are interpreted by a theoretical model for interacting polar and polarizable chromophores. The properties of multidipolar assemblies are shown to be related to the relative orientation of chromophores, which is imposed by interchromophore interactions. The supramolecular structure is thus a result of self‐organization. The proposed theoretical model was also used to predict the properties of multichromophore structures made up of more polar and polarizable push–pull chromophores, and showed that stronger interchromophore interactions can heavily affect the individual optical responses. This suggests new routes for engineering highly NLO responsive multichromophore systems.
Systematic Investigation of the Formation of 1D α‐Si3N4 Nanostructures by Using a Thermal‐Decomposition/Nitridation Process
Authors: Shen Guozhen , Bando Yoshio , Liu Baodan , Tang Chengchun , Huang Qing , Golberg Dmitri 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis article describes a simple thermal‐decomposition/nitridation method for the large‐scale synthesis of 1D α‐Si3N4 nanostructures, such as millimeter‐scale microribbons, nanosaws, nanoribbons, and nanowires. These nanostructures are systematically investigated by checking the product deposited at different areas by using powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Studies show that all these nanostructures have a single‐crystalline nature and predominately grow along the [011] direction. These 1D nanostructures are formed by thermal decomposition, followed by the nitridation of SiO.
Density Functional Studies on the Nazarov Reaction Involving Cyclic Systems
Authors: Cavalli Andrea , Masetti Matteo , Recanatini Maurizio , Prandi Cristina , Guarna Antonio , Occhiato Ernesto G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) has been used to define the energy profiles of the Nazarov reaction involving cyclic systems. The calculations were carried out at the B3LYP/6‐311G** level of theory and the solvent (dichloromethane) contribution was estimated by using the recently developed SM5.43R solvation model. DFT calculations were first carried out to determine the energy profiles associated with the electrocyclization reactions of 3‐hydroxy‐ and 3‐ethoxypentadienyl cations in which one of the double bonds is embedded in O‐heterocyclic and carbocyclic systems. In particular, the effects on the reaction rate of modifications to the substrate, as well as the presence of the heteroatom in the cycle, have been investigated. The torquoselectivity of the electrocyclization reaction was then explored with substituted O‐heterocycles to understand the factors that control the stereochemical outcome of the process that preferentially provides 2,5‐trans‐disubstituted products. These DFT‐based results rationally explain most of the experimental observations related to the Nazarov reaction of the substrates herein investigated and could be useful in the rational interpretation, and likely in the prediction, of the outcome of Nazarov reactions involving other cyclic systems.
Stable Expression of Soluble Therapeutic Peptides in Eukaryotic Cells by Multimerisation: Application to the HIV‐1 Fusion Inhibitory Peptide C46
Authors: Dervillez Xavier , Hüther Alexandra , Schuhmacher Jochen , Griesinger Christian , Cohen Jacques H. , von Laer Dorothee , Dietrich Ursula 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA major drawback of therapeutic peptides is their short half‐life, which results in the need for multiple applications and high synthesis costs. To overcome this, we established a eukaryotic expression system that allows the stable expression of small therapeutic peptides by multimerisation. By inserting the sequence encoding the therapeutic peptide between a signal peptide and the multimerising domain of the α‐chain from the human C4bp plasma protein, therapeutic peptides as small as 5 kDa are secreted as multimers from transfected cells; this allows easy purification. As proof of principle, we show that the T20‐derived HIV‐1 fusion inhibitory peptide C46 in its multimeric form: i) was efficiently secreted, ii) was more stable than the current antiviral drug T20 in vitro and in vivo, and iii) inihibited HIV‐1 entry with similar efficiency in vitro. Besides the gain in stability, multimerisation also leads to increased valency and allows the combination of several therapeutic functions. Furthermore, by expressing the multimers from cells, post‐translational modifications could easily be introduced.
Hypersusceptibility to cisplatin carcinogenicity in metallothionein‐I/II double knockout mice: Production of hepatocellular carcinoma at clinically relevant doses
Authors: Waalkes Michael P. , Liu Jie , Kasprzak Kazimierz S. , Diwan Bhalchandra A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMetallothionein (MT) is a high‐affinity metal binding protein thought to mitigate the toxicity of various metals. Cisplatin is a widely used cancer chemotherapeutic that is a rodent carcinogen and may have carcinogenic potential in humans. MT seems to reduce cisplatin toxicity by binding the metal compound but how MT deficiency might impact the carcinogenic effects of cisplatin is unknown. Thus, groups (n = 25) of male MT‐I/II double knockout (MT‐null) or MT wild‐type (WT) mice were exposed to a single treatment of cisplatin (5 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.), or left untreated (control) and observed over the next 104 weeks. The doses of cisplatin used equate to only a fraction of the total dose used typically in clinical settings. In cisplatin‐treated MT‐null mice, a dose‐related increase in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurred (control, 0%; 5 mg/kg, 17%; 10 mg/kg, 36%) that was not seen in WT mice. Similarly, liver carcinoma multiplicity (HCC/liver) was increased markedly by cisplatin but only in MT‐null mice, indicating the formation of multiple primaries in MT deficient mice. Harderian gland carcinoma incidence was also increased by cisplatin treatment in MT‐null mice but not WT mice. Our results indicate that MT‐null mice are hypersusceptible to the hepatocarcinogenic effects of cisplatin, and poor MT expression may be a predisposing factor for cisplatin‐induced secondary tumors after chemotherapy. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer risk among chernobyl cleanup workers in Estonia and Latvia, 1986–1998
Authors: Rahu Mati , Rahu Kaja , Auvinen Anssi , Tekkel Mare , Stengrevics Aivars , Hakulinen Timo , Boice John D. , Inskip Peter D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTwo cohorts of Chernobyl cleanup workers from Estonia (4,786 men) and Latvia (5,546 men) were followed from 1986 to 1998 to investigate cancer incidence among persons exposed to ionizing radiation from the Chernobyl accident. Each cohort was identified from various independent sources and followed using nationwide population and mortality registries. Cancers were ascertained by linkage with nationwide cancer registries. Overall, 75 incident cancers were identified in the Estonian cohort and 80 in the Latvian cohort. The combined‐cohort standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for all cancers was 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.98–1.34) and for leukemia, 1.53 (95% CI = 0.62–3.17; n = 7). Statistically significant excess cases of thyroid (SIR = 7.06, 95% CI = 2.84–14.55; n = 7) and brain cancer (SIR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.07–3.83; n = 11) were found, mainly based on Latvian data. However, there was no evidence of a dose response for any of these sites, and the relationship to radiation exposure remains to be established. Excess of thyroid cancer cases observed may have been due to screening, the leukemia cases included 2 unconfirmed diagnoses, and the excess cases of brain tumors may have been a chance finding. There was an indication of increased risk associated with early entry to the Chernobyl area and late follow‐up, though not statistically significant. Further follow‐up of Chernobyl cleanup workers is warranted to clarify the possible health effects of radiation exposure. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serological immune response to cancer testis antigens in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wadle Andreas , Kubuschok Boris , Imig Jochen , Wuellner Beate , Wittig Christine , Zwick Carsten , Mischo Axel , Waetzig Kristin , Romeike Bernd F.M. , Lindemann Werner , Schilling Martin , Pfreundschuh Michael , Renner Christoph 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSerological screening approaches have allowed for the identification of a large number of potentially relevant tumor antigens in cancer patients. Within this group, cancer testis antigens represent promising targets for cancer immunotherapy, since they are widely expressed in a variety of human cancer entities. In pancreatic cancer, however, there are only few data available about the expression pattern and serological response to cancer testis antigens and other serological‐defined tumor antigens. Therefore, we investigated the IgG antibody response against 11 cancer testis antigens (SCP‐1, GAGE, LAGE‐1a,‐1b, CT‐7, NY‐ESO‐1, SSX‐1‐5) recombinantly expressed on yeast surface (RAYS) in patients with pancreatic cancer (n = 96), chronic pancreatitis (n = 18) and healthy donors (n = 48). We found in 14% of all patients antibody responses to SCP‐1, but not to other cancer testis antigens (GAGE, LAGE‐1a,‐1b, CT‐7, NY‐ESO‐1, SSX‐1‐5). Antibody response correlated with the expression of SCP‐1 in the primary tumor of the respective patient as shown by RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. In contrast, no serological response to cancer testis antigens was observed in healthy donors. The humoral immune response against SCP‐1 was associated with the size of tumor, but not with other clinico‐pathological parameters such as histology, stage, presence of lymph node metastases, grading, age, gender or gemcitabine treatment. In conclusion, antibody response to cancer testis antigen SCP‐1 is found in a proportion of pancreatic carcinoma patients. These results indicate that identification of additional tumor antigens by serological screening of tumor cDNA expression libraries by RAYS is a promising goal in pancreatic cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
9‐O‐acetyl GD3 protects tumor cells from apoptosis
Authors: Kniep Bernhard , Kniep Eva , Özkucur Nurdan , Barz Steffen , Bachmann Michael , Malisan Florence , Testi Roberto , Rieber Ernst Peter 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe ganglioside GD3 (Neu5Acα8Neu5Acα3Galβ4GlcCer) is an intracellular lipid messenger that induces apoptosis by targeting mitochondria in various cell types. GD3 can also promote apoptosis when externally added to cells. Previous studies showed that the proapoptotic effects of GD3 can be counteracted by 9‐O‐acetylation. To determine whether 9‐O‐acetyl GD3 (acGD3) has a general antiapoptotic potential, the apoptosis‐sensitive Jurkat cell line and an apoptosis‐sensitive variant of the cell line Molt‐4 were preincubated with micromolar concentrations of acGD3 and then treated with inducers of apoptosis. A reduced apoptotic index and an increased cell viability were observed. On the other hand, when the Jurkat cells were treated with GD3 for extended periods of time, a population was selected that was resistant to apoptosis induction by N‐acetyl sphingosine as well as by the anti‐leukemic drug daunorubicin. Comparative analysis of gangliosides revealed the formation of acGD3 in the resistant Jurkat cells that was not found in the apoptosis‐sensitive cells. Conversely, exposing the acGD3 positive and apoptosis‐resistant cell line Molt‐4 to the O‐deacetylating activity of salicylate resulted in a complete disappearance of acGD3 and an enhanced sensitivity to N‐acetyl sphingosine‐mediated apoptosis. Formation of acGD3 might thus represent a new mechanism how tumor cells can escape apoptosis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prophylaxis of oxidative DNA damage by formamidopyrimidine‐DNA glycosylase
Authors: Frosina Guido 
Published: January 2006

AbstractLying at the gas‐exchange interface, lung epithelia may be at risk of oxidation‐induced mutagenesis. Further, inflammation processes possibly consequent on smoking liberate reactive oxygen species that multiply the carcinogenic effects of tobacco. DNA repair mechanisms play a major role in counteracting the deleterious effects of oxidative DNA damage. Some studies find positive associations between lung cancer and variations in the human 8‐oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) gene that encodes a major DNA glycosylase for oxidized lesions with sluggish kinetics properties. The bacterial homologue formamidopyrimidine‐DNA glycosylase (FPG) is 80‐fold faster than hOGG1 in repairing mutagenic oxidative lesions. Cell‐culture studies have shown that FPG can be expressed in mammalian cells, where it accelerates DNA repair and abates mutagenicity of a wide range of DNA‐damaging agents. Prophylaxis of oxidative DNA damage and mutation could be achieved in lung epithelia and other tissues of at‐risk individuals by expression of the FPG protein. Currently available vehicles for this peculiar type of gene therapy are briefly surveyed. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural characterization of flavonol 3,7‐di‐O‐glycosides and determination of the glycosylation position by using negative ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ablajan Keyume , Abliz Zeper , Shang Xiao‐Ya , He Jiu‐Ming , Zhang Rui‐Ping , Shi Jian‐Gong 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFlavonol 3,7‐di‐O‐glycosides were investigated by negative ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry using a quadrupole linear ion trap (LIT) mass spectrometer. The results indicate that the fragmentation behavior of flavonol 3,7‐di‐O‐glycosides is substantially different from that of their isomeric mono‐O‐diglycosides. In order to characterize a flavonoid as a flavonol 3,7‐di‐O‐glycoside, both [Y30− H]−•and [Y0− 2H]−ions should be present in [M − H]−product ion spectrum. The MS3product ion spectra of Y30−, [Y30− H]−•and Y70−ions generated from the [M − H]−ion provide sufficient structural information for the determination of glycosylation position. Furthermore, the glycosylation positions are determined by comparing the relative abundances of Y30−and Y70−ions and their specific fragmentation patterns with those of flavonol mono‐O‐glycosides. In addition, a [Y30− H]−•ion formed by the homolytic cleavage of 3‐Oglycosidic bond with high abundance points to 3‐Oglycosylation, while a [Y0− 2H]−ion formed by the elimination of the two sugar residues is consistent with glycosylation at both the 3‐Oand 7‐Opositions. Investigation of negative ion ESI‐MS2and MS3spectra of flavonolO‐glycosides allows their rapid characterization as flavonol 3,7‐di‐O‐glycoside and their differentiation from isomeric mono‐O‐diglycosides, and also enables their direct analysis in crude plant extracts. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of anthocyanins and other phenolics of boysenberry and blackcurrant as inhibitors of oxidative stress and damage to cellular DNA in SH‐SY5Y and HL‐60 cells
Authors: Ghosh Dilip , McGhie Tony K , Zhang Jingli , Adaim Aselle , Skinner Margot 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThere is growing interest both from consumers and researchers in the role that berries play in human health. The objective of this study was to investigate whether anthocyanins and other phenolics present in boysenberries and blackcurrants are effective in protecting cells against the oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The concentrations of polyphenols used were within the human physiological range. The data showed that SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were protected against H2O2‐induced toxicity by the anthocyanins and phenolic fractions. The concurrent addition of either fractions of these berries with H2O2significantly inhibited the increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Pre‐incubation of cells with the same concentrations had no effect on the ROS level—a result that may be due to the metabolic conversion to inactive compounds. Anthocyanins and phenolic fractions of blackcurrant were better at protecting DNA of HL‐60 human promyelocytic cells from damage than similar fractions from boysenberry. The phenolic extract of blackcurrant demonstrated the highest protective effect against H2O2‐induced neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and DNA damage and may be a good candidate for inclusion into a processed functional food. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Study on the Graft Reaction of Poly(propylene) Fiber with Acrylic Acid
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Li , Chen Xu , Yang Qiang , Sun Tianxu , Zhou Junfeng 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSummary: In this paper, the graft of poly(propylene) fiber with acrylic acid is investigated. The effects of grafting temperature, monomer concentration, and grafting time on the grafting degree of acrylic acid onto poly(propylene) fiber are discussed. In contrast to the conventional method of determining the grafting degree gravimetrically, the acid‐base titration method used in this paper was more efficient, even at low grafting degree. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to estimate the averaged length of the grafted poly(acrylic acid) chains on each grafted site of poly(propylene) backbone. And also a mechanism for the grafting polymerization is proposed.Possible microstructures of two PP‐g‐AA samples at the same grafting degree.imagePossible microstructures of two PP‐g‐AA samples at the same grafting degree.
Propylene/1‐Hexene Copolymer as a Tailor‐Made Poly(propylene) for Membrane Preparation via the Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS) Process
Authors: Yave Wilfredo , Quijada Raúl , Lloyd Douglas R. , Cerrada María L. , Benavente Rosario , Ulbricht Mathias 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSummary: Poly[propylene‐co‐(1‐hexene)], one example of a “tailor‐made poly(propylene)”, was synthesized using an iso‐specific metallocene catalyst in order to study the influence of copolymer composition on the pore size of isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP) membranes prepared by the TIPS process. The structure of the copolymers and their properties in solution were analyzed and discussed in relation to the polymer‐diluent phase diagram, the droplet growth kinetics during the TIPS process, the viscosity of the system and the final pore size of the membranes. The crystallization curve in the phase diagram was found to shift significantly as comonomer content increased and thus the droplet growth period was drastically increased. The resulting increase of the characteristic pore size in the membranes demonstrated that it is possible to use tailor‐made poly(propylene)s to control the pore size in porous membranes prepared via the TIPS process (under otherwise constant conditions).Porous size is controlled by the polymer and the TIPS process.imagePorous size is controlled by the polymer and the TIPS process.