bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of tralokinumab in the treatment of head and neck pattern atopic dermatitis: A multicentre study of 12 patients
Authors: Navarro‐Triviño Francisco José , Salazar‐Nievas María , Sanz‐Cabanillas Juan Luis , Arjona‐Aguilera Cintia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe evaluation of the efficacy and safety of new molecules for atopic dermatitis (AD) in real clinical practice is very important to obtain information that clinical trials (EECC) lack. The pattern of AD in the head and neck (H&N) continues to be a challenge in treatment today, despite the new molecules, and real‐life data on the use of tralokinumab is still missing. This is the first daily practice study of tralokinumab treatment in patients with H&N AD pattern. The objective is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tralokinumab in the short term (16 weeks) in patients with AD with H&N pattern, for the first time.MethodsA multicentre prospective observational study was conducted, including patients with moderate‐severe AD and H&N pattern who started tralokinumab treatment in four hospitals in Andalusia. Values of severity and quality of life scales, as well as patient‐reported outcomes (PROs), were collected at baseline and at Weeks 4 and 16. Safety events were also recorded.ResultsTwelve patients were included. An improvement was observed in all efficacy and quality of life parameters evaluated at 16 weeks with respect to the baseline. No serious adverse events were recorded.ConclusionsIn real clinical practice, tralokinumab is demonstrated to be an effective and safe treatment for patients with AD and H&N pattern at short term.
Spatial Sovereignties in Squatted “Excess Spaces”
Authors: Jones Ali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes the concept of “spatial sovereignties” to understand the governance of squatted spaces, using the case study of Hamburg's autonomous Rote Flora. Referring very loosely to theories of the “excess flesh” of the homo sacer in the state of exception, the paper then inverts these classic theories by instead interrogating a situation where non‐state actors establish their own states of banishment and political exception. These “excess spaces” are not created when the “excess flesh” of the banned subject is stripped of sovereignty, but rather when radical actors, possessing full agency and privilege, intentionally establish their own biopolitical self‐administration. This ultimately constitutes what I posit as a new form of “spatial sovereignty”, wherein self‐banned subjects refuse the social contract to instead carve out alternative forms of sovereignty grounded in squatted excess spaces, which ultimately also develop autonomous forms of self‐governance, justice, and self‐surveillance within sites of alternative citizenship.
Effects of sex and hydration status on kappa opioid receptor‐mediated diuresis in rats
Authors: Lalji Hasnain M. , Bailey Christopher P. , Husbands Stephen M. , Bailey Sarah J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the function of the kappa opioid receptor (KOP) is crucial for the development of novel therapeutic interventions that target KOP for the treatment of pain, stress‐related disorders and other indications. Activation of KOP produces diuretic effects in rodents and man. Sex is a vital factor to consider when assessing drug response in pre‐clinical and clinical studies. In this study, the diuretic effect of the KOP agonist, U50488 (1–10 mg/kg), was investigated in both adult female and male Wistar rats that were either normally hydrated or water‐loaded. The KOP antagonist norbinaltorphimine (norBNI, 10 mg/kg) was administered 24 h prior to U50488 to confirm the involvement of KOP. U50488 elicited a significant diuretic response at doses ≥ 3 mg/kg in both female and male rats independent of hydration status. U50488 diuretic effects were inhibited by norBNI pre‐administration. Water‐loading reduced data variability for urine volume in males, but not in females, compared with normally hydrated rats. Sex differences were also evident in U50488 eliciting a significant increase in sodium and potassium ion excretion only in males. This may suggest different mechanisms of U50488 diuretic action in males where renal excretion mechanisms are directly affected more than in females.
Introducing and validating a single‐item measure of identity leadership: The visual identity leadership scale (VILS)
Authors: Steffens Niklas K. , Tatachari Srinivasan , Haslam S. Alexander , Wilson‐Lemoine Jérémy E. , Maskor Mazlan , van Dick Rolf , Kratzer Benedikt E. , Christensen Julia , Kerschreiter Rudolf 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the present research, we introduce and validate a single‐item measure of identity leadership—the visual identity leadership scale (VILS). The VILS uses Venn diagrams of sets of overlapping circles to denote different degrees of alignment between a leader's characteristics and behaviours and a group's values and goals. Key advantages of the VILS over other existing multi‐item scales are that it provides a holistic assessment of identity leadership, is short, and can be adapted to address novel research questions that are impractical to address with existing scales (e.g. in diary studies, assessing multiple comparisons of many leaders or groups). Data from three studies (conducted in India, the United States and Germany) provide evidence of the VILS' construct reliability and validity. Results also showcase the instrument's capacity to be adapted to assess variations of identity leadership—for example, by assessing a leader's convergence with descriptive and ideal notions of collective self (i.e. with ‘who we are’ and ‘who we want to be’). We discuss the value of including the VILS in the toolbox that researchers and practitioners can utilize to expand our understanding of identity processes in leadership and group behaviour.
Mitochondria‐associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes tethering protein VAPB‐PTPIP51 protects against ischemic stroke through inhibiting the activation of autophagy
Authors: Li Mingyang , Zhang Yonggang , Yu Guixiang , Gu Lijuan , Zhu Hua , Feng Shi , Xiong Xiaoxing , Jian Zhihong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsMitochondria‐associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) serve as a crucial bridge connecting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria within cells. Vesicle‐associated membrane protein‐associated protein B (VAPB) and protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51) are responsible for the formation and stability of MAMs, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. However, the role of MAMs in ischemic stroke (IS) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of MAMs tethering protein VAPB‐PTPIP51 in experimental cerebral ischemia.MethodsWe simulated cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI) by using a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model.ResultsWe observed a decrease in VAPB‐PTPIP51 expression in the brain tissue. Our findings suggested compromised MAMs after MCAO, as a decreased mitochondria–ER contact (MERC) coverage and an increased distance were observed through the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Upon VAPB or PTPIP51 knockdown, the damage to MAMs was exacerbated, accompanied by excessive autophagy activation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, resulting in an enlarged infarct area and exacerbated neurological deficits. Notably, we observed that this damage was concomitant with the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and was successfully mitigated by the treatment with the PI3K activator.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the downregulation of VAPB‐PTPIP51 expression after IS mediates structural damage to MAMs. This may exacerbate CIRI by inhibiting the PI3K pathway and activating autophagy, thus providing new therapeutic targets for IS.
The impact of EGFR T790M mutation status following the development of Osimertinib resistance on the efficacy of Osimertinib in non‐small cell lung cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Guo Liuxian , Zhou Guojin , Huang Min , Tang Kejing , Xu Jing , Chen Jie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that loss of the EGFR T790M gene mutation may contribute to the development of resistance to Osimertinib in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).AimsThis study aims to assess the relationship between the clinical effectiveness of Osimertinib in NSCLC patients and the T790M mutation status following resistance to Osimertinib and examine differences between plasma and tissue tests and between Asian and non‐Asian groups.MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were comprehensively searched for studies on the association between T790M mutation status and the efficacy of Osimertinib between January 2014 and November 2023. Meta‐analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.4 software.ResultsAfter evaluating 2727 articles, a total of 14 studies were included in the final analysis. Positive correlations between EGFR T790M mutation status after Osimertinib resistance and longer PFS (HR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.30–0.66), longer OS (HR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.10–0.86), longer TTD (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.45–1.07), and improved clinical outcomes including PFS and TTD subgroups (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.47–0.73) were observed. Subgroup analysis revealed that, compared with the blood tests, the results of the T790M mutation tests by the tissue are more significant (HR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.11–0.52 for tissue tests; HR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.22–1.00 for plasma tests), and the PFS of Osimertinib were similar for Asian and non‐Asian patients (HR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.31–0.68 for Asians; HR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.01–1.27 for non‐Asians).ConclusionsPersistence of the T790M gene mutation after the development of Osimertinib resistance is associated with higher therapeutic benefits of Osimertinib in NSCLC patients. The results of tissue detection are more significant than those of plasma detection.
The propaganda war in Iran among the former allies, 1945–1949: The Soviet perspective as seen through Soviet documents
Authors: Shahvar Soli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article gives an interesting picture of how the Soviets viewed the propaganda war in Iran during the second half of the 1940s. It is mainly based on documents from the USSR's Ministry of Interior, the use of which is considered an innovation in the existing literature on the subject. Most of the attention of the Soviet sources discussed concerns the propaganda war, which began in 1943 between the three Allied powers that had invaded Iran during WWII, taking on the character of a combined struggle when the competition for Iranian oil was woven into the mix. To a large extent, this continued well into the years after WWII when, toward its end, it became even more intense. The main promoter of pro‐Soviet propaganda was the Tudeh party, and it was very successful in promoting the Soviet agenda in Iran, at least until the middle of 1946, mainly at the expense of British interests. In the remaining years until the end of the 1940s, the USA began to prevail in the struggle, and this was quite clear to all, including the Soviets, who admit to this openly in their situational assessment from the beginning of 1950.
The influence of sociodemographic and health‐related factors, clinical education status, and sleep quality on work‐related quality of life among dental students
Authors: Sezer Berkant , Sıddıkoğlu Duygu , Doğan İlkay , Taşdemir Mehmet Can , Ateş Gizem 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionWith the premise that the demanding educational process and associated factors could influence the work‐related quality of life (WRQoL) of dental students, this study aimed to investigate the influence of diverse sociodemographic and health‐related factors, clinical education status, and sleep quality on the WRQoL of dental students.Materials and MethodsA three‐part questionnaire was administered to a group of preclinical and clinical dental students studying in different classes. The first part of the questionnaire included various sociodemographic and health‐related questions. In the second part, the multidimensional 23‐item WRQoL scale, with established validity and reliability, was applied to evaluate the WRQoL of the students. The last part of the questionnaire included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, comprising 19 items. General linear models were created to predict subscale scores using sociodemographic and health‐related characteristics, as well as univariate significant independent variables.ResultsIt was observed that the majority of the participants (78.2%) had poor sleep quality. Being clinical dental students had a significant and positive effect on the stress at work domain of WRQoL (p = .006), while it had a significant and negative effect on the home‐work interface domain (p < .001). The decrease in sleep quality had a significant and negative effect on all domains of WRQoL (p < .05) except for the stress at work domain.ConclusionsClinical education status, regular smoking, and sleep quality significantly affect different domains of dental students' WRQoL. Changes in these factors should be considered in approaches to increasing students' WRQoL.
The paradox of research and development productivity and firm growth: Empirical evidence from publicly listed firms in the United Kingdom
Authors: Abed Alaa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research aims to investigate the intricate association between research and development (R&D) productivity, specifically assessed through Total Factor Productivity (TFP), and various dimensions of firm growth. Our analysis provides a comprehensive examination of different aspects of growth, including sales, productivity, and employment growth. In addition, we investigate the role of R&D investment in conjunction with R&D productivity to provide clear insights into this multifaceted relationship. Although conventional wisdom suggests a positive relationship between R&D and firm growth, our empirical exploration reveals a more intricate reality. Using 164 non‐financial firms listed on the FTSE 350, our findings indicate that while R&D indeed contributes significantly to firm growth, the nature of this influence is contingent upon the specific dimension of growth under consideration and the adopted empirical models. For example, our baseline model shows a positive relationship between R&D productivity and sales and productivity growth. However, this result does not hold for employment growth. This study makes a substantial contribution to the existing body of research on R&D by illuminating the indirect intricacies of this relationship, offering practical insights for both scholars and industry professionals navigating the complex landscape of R&D‐induced growth within the economic milieu.
Basil of Caesarea and Gregory of Nazianzus on the Role of the Devil in Problems of Evil and Suffering
Authors: Thomas Gabrielle 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of this essay is to reconsider the way scholarship conceives the role of the devil in early Christian approaches to evil and suffering, using as a case study theological reflection on this theme by Basil of Caesarea and Gregory of Nazianzus. Through a close reading of three texts concerned with the origins of evil, suffering, and the continued presence of the devil on earth after Christ's victory, I propose the devil's existence contributes to the mystery of evil for Basil and Gregory. Put simply, the devil does not serve as a strategy to solve problems of evil and suffering. The devil himself is a problem.
Breaking the Chain: Strategies to Stem Adenovirus Spread in Pakistan
Authors: Vaid Rayyan , Sohail Afra , Kumar Raam , Fareed Areeba 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTAdenovirus, a common respiratory pathogen, has witnessed a notable rise in incidence rates across various regions in Pakistan. Utilizing epidemiological data and climate records, this research discerns a potential linkage between the burgeoning adenovirus cases and alterations in regional climate patterns. Through statistical analysis and modeling techniques, the study aims to elucidate the relationship between climatic variables, such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation, and the prevalence of adenovirus infections. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing effective public health interventions and preparedness strategies to mitigate the impact of adenovirus outbreaks in Pakistan. Furthermore, this research contributes to the broader discourse on the intersection of infectious diseases and climate change, highlighting the need for comprehensive adaptive measures to address emerging health challenges in a changing environment.
Dividend cuts and a firm's investment opportunity set
Authors: Das Somnath , Dhole Sandip 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper re‐examines corporate dividend payout policy by focusing on how investors evaluate dividend cuts. Our focus is to understand why despite the documented on average negative market response, many dividend‐cutting firms experience a positive market response. We juxtapose a well‐established literature on corporate payout policies with the literature on the role of prior information in investor evaluation of newly arrived information and document that the market responds positively to dividend cuts when firms have positive investment opportunity sets. Our results support the primary thesis that not all dividend cuts are bad news—it depends. We validate this result by documenting that firms cutting dividends in the presence of investment opportunities do make significant investments such as capital expenditures and merger and acquisition activities in future years. Furthermore, we also find that future operating profitability is higher for dividend‐cutting firms with relatively higher investment opportunities. We also document that among dividend‐cutting firms, there is a statistically significant difference in the buy‐and‐hold returns for up to 2 years, between firms with high versus low investment opportunities. This provides support for the economic significance of our results. These results provide new evidence on how investors interpret corporate payout policies to distinguish among dividend cuts.
Narrow QRS ectopy with concealed connections from a para‐Hisian origin to the proximal left fascicles
Authors: Nakamura Kohki , Sasaki Takehito , Minami Kentaro , Aoki Hideyuki , Yoshimura Shingo , Nishiuchi Suguru , Naito Shigeto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionCatheter ablation of ectopy originating from the vicinity of the His bundle can be challenging.Methods and ResultsWe report a case of a 33‐year‐old man with narrow QRS ectopy with preferential conduction from a para‐Hisian origin to the proximal left fascicles, which was successfully eliminated by radiofrequency ablation in the right coronary cusp, guided by ultrahigh‐resolution mapping of the His bundle, bundle branch, and fascicular electrograms.ConclusionSome narrow QRS ectopy may originate from the vicinity of the conduction system, instead of the “true” conduction system, and have concealed connections from its origin to the conduction system.
Prevalence and electrocardiographic and electrophysiological characteristics of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias originating from the septal left ventricular summit
Authors: Yamada Takumi , Litovsky Silvio , Neal Kay George 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe left ventricular summit (LVS) is the highest point on the epicardial surface of the left ventricle. A part of the LVS that is located between the left coronary arteries (lateral‐LVS) is one of the major sites of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia (VA) origins. Some idiopathic epicardial VAs can be ablated at endocardial sites adjacent to the epicardial area septal to the lateral‐LVS (septal‐LVS). This study examined the prevalence and electrocardiographic and electrophysiological characteristics of septal‐LVS VAs.MethodsWe studied consecutive patients with idiopathic VAs originating from the LVS (67 patients) and aortic root (93 patients).ResultsBased on the ablation results, among 67 LVS VAs, 54 were classified as lateral and 13 as septal‐LVS VAs. As compared with the lateral‐LVS VAs, the septal‐LVS VAs were characterized by a greater prevalence of left bundle branch block with left inferior‐axis QRS pattern, later precordial transition, lower R‐wave amplitude ratio in leads III to II, lower Q‐wave amplitude ratio in leads aVL to aVR, and later local ventricular activation time relative to the QRS onset during VAs (V‐QRS) in the great cardiac vein. The electrocardiographic and electrophysiological characteristics of the septal‐LVS VAs were similar to those of the aortic root VAs. However, the V‐QRS at the successful ablation site was significantly later during the septal‐LVS VAs than aortic root VAs (p < .0001). The precordial transition was significantly later during the septal‐LVS VAs than aortic root VAs (p < .05).ConclusionsSeptal‐LVS VAs are considered a distinct subgroup of idiopathic VAs originating from the left ventricular outflow tract.
FIGL1 prevents aberrant chromosome associations and fragmentation and limits crossovers in polyploid wheat meiosis
Authors: Osman Kim , Desjardins Stuart D. , Simmonds James , Burridge Amanda J. , Kanyuka Kostya , Henderson Ian R. , Edwards Keith J. , Uauy Cristobal , Franklin F. Chris H. , Higgins James D. , Sanchez‐Moran Eugenio 
Published: April 2024

Summary

Meiotic crossovers (COs) generate genetic diversity and are crucial for viable gamete production. Plant COs are typically limited to 1–3 per chromosome pair, constraining the development of improved varieties, which in wheat is exacerbated by an extreme distal localisation bias. Advances in wheat genomics and related technologies provide new opportunities to investigate, and possibly modify, recombination in this important crop species. Here, we investigate the disruption of FIGL1 in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat as a potential strategy for modifying CO frequency/position.

We analysed figl1 mutants and virus‐induced gene silencing lines cytogenetically. Genetic mapping was performed in the hexaploid.

FIGL1 prevents abnormal meiotic chromosome associations/fragmentation in both ploidies. It suppresses class II COs in the tetraploid such that CO/chiasma frequency increased 2.1‐fold in a figl1 msh5 quadruple mutant compared with a msh5 double mutant. It does not appear to affect class I COs based on HEI10 foci counts in a hexaploid figl1 triple mutant. Genetic mapping in the triple mutant suggested no significant overall increase in total recombination across examined intervals but revealed large increases in specific individual intervals.

Notably, the tetraploid figl1 double mutant was sterile but the hexaploid triple mutant was moderately fertile, indicating potential utility for wheat breeding.