bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional and Structural Aspects of the Rat Seminiferous Tubules after Treatment with Exogenous Cyproterone Acetate, Testosterone, Progesterone and Oestradiol
Authors: Hovatta Outi , Koskimies Aarne I. 
Published: May 2008

Cyproterone acetate, testosterone propionate, progesterone and oestradiol were given to adult rats for 30 days, and the effects on the seminiferous tubules were studied. The contractility of the seminiferous tubules was not affected by cyproterone acetate or progesterone, but was totally abolished by testosterone and oestradiol. The effects of these steroids on spermatogenesis were studied histologically and electron microscopically.Cyproterone acetate was observed to induce a clear‐cut increase in the lipid content of the Sertoli cells and mitochondrial changes in all stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium.The increase of lipid content was smaller with progesterone. Oestradiol caused an accumulation of phagocytosed lipid material in Sertoli cells. These steroids did not change the protein composition of the rete testis fluid.
Sertoli Cell Function in the Androgen Insensitive (TFM) Rat
Authors: Hansson V. , Purvis K. , Attramadal A. , Torjesen P. , Andersen D. , Ritzén E. M. 
Published: May 2008

The Sertoli cells of the androgen insensitive (tfm) rat are capable of producing androgen binding protein (ABP) both in vivo and in vitro. ABP levels in the tfm testis are significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that in normal littermates (NL); 2.9 ± 0.5 (SD) pmoles/mg protein and 63.7 ± 15 (SD) pmoles/testis in the tfm compared to 0.41 ± 0.07 pmoles/mg protein and 34.3 ± 6.7 pmoles/testis in the NL. However, ABP secretion rate in vitro is significantly lower in the tfm testis than that in the NL testis; 0.12 ± 0.02 (SD) pmol/testis per h and 0.31 ± 0.06 pmol/testis per h respectively. Thus, the increased levels of ABP in the tfm testis does not reflect increased ABP secretion, but is due to the atresia of the excurrent ducts and accumulation of seminiterous tubular secretion. The tfm testes show a higher concentration of FSH receptors than that in NL (171 fmoles/mg protein and 57 fmoles/mg protein respectively). However, when FSH binding is calculated per testis, binding capacities in tfm and NL testis are very similar (632 fmoles/testis and 798 fmoles/testis respectively). The present study shows that normal induction of FSH receptors is not dependent on the presence of an androgen receptor and that production and secretion of ABP is taking place in a situation where the target cells are insensitive to physiological doses of androgen.The reduction in ABP secretion rate in vitro in the tfm rat testis supports previous studies showing that both FSH and androgens are important for normal Sertoli cell function.
Testicular Steroid Metabolism In Vitro in an XX‐Male
Authors: Kjessler B. , Berg A. Å:son , Fjällbrant B. 
Published: May 2008

XX‐males are known to display dysgenetic gonads with failing sperm production. Since defective male gametogenesis has in certain instances been proposed to be related to an aberrant intratesticular steroid biosynthesis (Steinberger et al. 1974), we have analysed the metabolism of [3H] progesterone in vitro in an XX‐male.The 33‐year‐old patient was sterile and demonstrated high levels of gonadotrophic hormones in the peripheral circulation, though he displayed ordinary male secondary sex characteristics. Testicular biopsy specimens were incubated with [3H] progesterone. This radiolabelled precursor was found to be avidly metabolized along the so‐called “Δ4‐pathway” towards biologically active C19‐androgens in this XX‐male, as in testicular tissue derived from adult control subjects.Furthermore, the relative metabolism of [3H] progesterone per mg of testicular tissue incubated, was observed to be significantly higher in the dysgenetic gonadal tissue derived from the present XX‐male as compared to the metabolism in the control subjects.The amount of [3H] 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone synthesized in the XX‐male was very high, and also the ratio of [3H] 20α‐dihydroprogesterone:[3H]‐17α‐hydroxyprogesterone was found to be remarkably small, i. e. a pattern repeatedly observed in other hypergonadotrophic individuals (Kjessler & Berg 1976b).The present investigation thus demonstrated that intratesticular steroidogenesis along the Δ4‐pathway in vitro may be excellent in dysgenetic gonadal tissue with an XX‐chromosomal constitution.
The Effect of Caffeine on Rat Epididymal Spermatozoa: Motility, Metabolism and Fertilizing Capacity
Authors: (Frenkel) G. Paz , Kaplan Ruth , Yedwab G. , Homonnai Z. T. , Kraicer P. F. 
Published: May 2008

The metabolism, motility and fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa from the caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis were examined. Motility increased from 3% to almost 50% from caput to cauda.Caput sperm were almost infertile, when inseminated into the uterus. Corpus and cauda sperm fertilized ova in 54 and 60% (respectively) of females, but the number of offspring was below our average colony litter size. Caffeine, 10 mM, had no effect on any of the sperm characteristics measured. No teratogenic effects or long‐term effects on fertility of the offspring were seen.
Cytological Studies of Prostatic Fluids from Men with and without Abnormal Palpatory Findings of the Prostate I. Methodological Aspects
Authors: Johannisson E. , Eliasson R. 
Published: May 2008

The exfoliative cytology of fluids from the prostate and seminal vesicles has been examined after staining of smears according to Papanicolaou. The specimens have been classified into three groups depending upon the number of inflammatory cells and the cytological changes observed in the various types of cells present in the fluid.In a group of 100 men attending the clinic due to barren marriage, the cytological findings in expressed fluid were compared with the palpatory assessment of the prostate and seminal vesicles. The palpatory assessment was regarded normal in 58, uncertain in 32 and clearly abnormal in 10 men. By the cytological examination of the same group, heavy inflammatory changes were found in 13, 14 and 7 individuals respectively.It is concluded that a careful cytological examination, including an assessment of the whole cellular pattern observed in the smears of the fluid expressed from the prostate and seminal vesicles – if performed using proper techniques for sampling, fixation and staining and interpreted by experienced cytologists – may be a useful complement to the clinical examination in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the male accessory glands.
Long‐Term Study of Oral Testosterone Undecanoate in Hypogonadal Males
Authors: Franchi F. , Luisi M. , Kicovic P. M. 
Published: May 2008

Thirty‐four hypogonadal male patients were given testosterone undecanoate (TU) orally for 8 months in a dosage of from 40 to 160 mg/day. Before the start of, and during, the study the patients were interviewed about their libido and their sexual, physical and mental activities, and plasma levels of testosterone (T), 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (DHT), oestradiol (Oe2), FSH, and LH were measured by radioimmunoassays simultaneously. Prostate gland was palpated regularly and a routine laboratory screening programme was also performed.All patients reported a marked increase in libido and sexual, physical and/or mental activities and preferred TU over injectable preparations. Circulating T, DHT and Oe2 rose significantly in all 34 patients and the levels remained stable throughout the whole study. The mean plasma FSH and LH levels in the hypergonadotrophic patients were significantly lowered, but remained above the upper normal limit. In the hypogonadotrophic patients, mean plasma FSH levels increased, but not significantly, while mean LH levels remained unchanged. Neither changes in the size and consistency of the prostate gland, nor abnormal values during the routine laboratory screening programme were observed.
The Effect of Caffeine on Guinea Pig Epididymal Spermatozoa: Motility and Fertilizing Capacity
Authors: Shilon M. , (Frenkel) G. Paz , Homonnai Z. T. , Schoenbaum M. 
Published: May 2008

Guinea pig epididymal spermatozoa, when taken from different segments of the epididymis, are known to differ markedly in their in vitro motility, metabolism and morphology. In this report, the fertilizing capacity of epididymal spermatozoa isolated from proximal and distal segments and treated with caffeine was tested. Twenty six guinea pig sows were inseminated 16–26 h after parturition with isolated epididymal spermatozoa. In 15 cases the spermatozoa were treated with caffeine (10 mM), and 11 cases served as controls. Sperm characteristics (mean ± SE) were: proximal sperm; concentration 48 ± 3.9 millions/ml, vitality 94 ± 0.9%, motility 42 ± 5.3%. Distal sperm: concentration 161 ± 21 million/ml, vitality 94 ± 0.9% and motility 86 ± 3.0%. Caffeine increased significantly the motility of proximal spermatozoa (by 59.5%). These suspensions of spermatozoa were used for intraperitoneal artificial insemination.The impregnation rate of untreated proximal sperm was zero (0 out of 4), compared with 83% (5 out of 6) for the caffeine treated sperm. The impregnation rate of untreated distal segment sperm was 42.8% (3 out of 7) compared with 100% (9 out of 9) for caffeine treated sperm.
Effect of Chronic Neutralization of Endogenous FSH on Testicular Function in the Adult Male Bonnet Monkey – Assessment Using Biochemical Parameters
Authors: Rani C. S. Sheela , Murty G. S. R. C. , Moudgal N. R. 
Published: May 2008

The effect of long‐term passive immunization with a specific homologous antiserum to ovine FSH on testicular function in the adult bonnet monkey was studied. Testicular function was assessed by studying biochemical parameters such as hyaluronidase activity and the rate of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of testis in vitro.The above parameters were determined in one group of monkeys at 210 days and in another group at 130 days after initiation of antiserum treatment. The testis of both groups of monkeys showed a marked reduction in the rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation into testicular DNA as well as in hyaluronidase activity compared to the corresponding control animals. Further, on withdrawal of antiserum treatment in one set of monkeys, a clear recovery was observed in these parameters, thus demonstrating that the earlier observed effects were specifically due to lack of FSH.The results clearly indicate that chronic lack of FSH affects testicular function in the adult monkey and it is suggested that FSH could have a positive role in spermatogenesis in the adult sub‐human primate.
The Influence of Sexual Maturation and Immunization Against LH‐RH on Testicular Sensitivity to Gonadotrophin Stimulation In Vitro
Authors: Sharpe R. M. , Fraser H. M. 
Published: May 2008

Binding of 125[‐labelled hCG to testicular homogenates from 60‐ and 120‐day‐old rats was between 3 and 4 times higher than to tissue from 25‐day‐old rats. However, testes from the latter showed maximal testosterone production (35 ng/testis) in vitro in the presence of 5 pM hCG whereas testes from 60‐ and 120‐day‐old rats responded maximally (560 ng and 400 ng/testis respectively) with an hCG concentration of 45 pM; the minimum effective dose of hCG was 0.5 pM hCG in 25‐day‐old rats and 5–11 pM in 60‐ and 120‐day‐old rats.In adult rats actively immunized against LH‐RH, the testes had regressed to less than 15 % of their normal weight and showed maximal testosterone production (4 ng/testis) in the presence of 10 pM hCG whereas testes from adult control rats required 45 pM hCG to elicit this response (600 ng/testis); the minimum effective dose of hCG was 2 pM in LH‐RH immunized rats compared with 11 pM for controls.It is concluded that the maturational increase in the testicular capacity to secrete testosterone is associated with a decrease in ‘sensitivity’ to hCG‐stimulation in vitro; the latter change appears to be related to the level of gonadotrophin exposure in vivo.
In Vitro Method of Studying the Site of Action of Bromocryptine on Hypothalamus‐Pituitary‐Testis Function in Rats
Authors: Vermes I. , Telegdy G. 
Published: May 2008

The effects of bromocryptine, a specific dopaminergic agonist, were studied in vitro on the system comprising the hypothalamic tissue, the collagenase‐digested, isolated anterior pituitary cells, and the Leydig cells, by measuring the testosterone production of the Leydig cells.The in vitro testosterone production and the HCG sensitivity of the isolated Leydig cells decreased in the presence of 10‐5 M bromocryptine, whereas 10‐8–10‐6 M concentrations were ineffective. However, bromocryptine in concentrations of 10‐7–10‐6 M inhibited the isolated adenohypophyseal cell‐induced stimulation of the Leydig cells. The same inhibitory effect of bromocryptine was observed when the stimulation of the pituitary cell – Leydig cell system was induced by LHRH or hypothalamic tissue in vitro. Bromocryptine in a concentration of 10‐6 M did not alter the LHRH content and release of the hypothalamus measured by radioimmunoassay in the hypothalamic tissue and in the medium after an in vitro incubation.The results suggest an inhibitory effect of bromocryptine on the pituitarytestis axis by acting on the pituitary and testis levels in the in vitro system studied.
Permanent Sterility after Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Marina S. , Barceló P. 
Published: May 2008

The fertility of 19 patients, 9 men and 10 women, suffering from glomerulopathies and treated with one or more cytostatic drugs – 6‐mercaptopurine, chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide – is studied.Semen analyses and testis biopsies were performed in men. Clinical histories of pregnancies were done in women. In the men permanent or transitory sterility, depending on the total doses of cytostatics, was established. Fertility was not affected in women's fertility.
Effects of Testosterone, Progesterone and Testosterone plus Progesterone on Rat Testicular Lipids
Authors: Sheriff D. Sultan 
Published: May 2008

The effects of testosterone, progesterone or testosterone plus progesterone on testicular lipids of pubertal rats are presented. The hormones were administered for 1 day as well as 7 days continuously to study both short and long term effects. Testosterone induced marked depletion of glycerides in short and long term treatments. It elicited a significant increase in phospholipids only in long term treatment. Progesterone brought about marked increase in esterified cholesterol with a congenital fall in free cholesterol. It had no significant effect on testicular glycerides and phospholipids Testosterone plus progesterone administration caused marked increase in phospholipids with a fall in glyceride levels even in short term treatment. There was a marked increase in esterified cholesterol with a concurrent fall in free cholesterol level. Thus, testosterone plus progesterone treatment brought out marked changes in phospholipids, glycerides and cholesterol fractions.These hormonal treatments did not have any significant effect on testicular weight in short as well as long term studies.
Effects of Prostaglandins and Indomethacin on the Response of Rat Testis to LH in vivo
Authors: Joseph M. M. , Bartke A. 
Published: May 2008

In adult male rats, bilateral intratesticular administration of 20 μg PGA1 or 20 μg indomethacin significantly reduced the acute stimulation of plasma testosterone levels by concomitantly injected LH, while treatment with the same dose of PGF2α was without effect. After six days of treatment with indomethacin, plasma testosterone levels were reduced to approximately 1/3 of the control levels.Intratesticular administration of 10 μg LH per testis per day produced, after six days, a precipitous decline in plasma testosterone levels and a decrease in the weight of the testes. This was probably due to desensitization of Leydig cells by these high doses of gonadotropin. Administration of PGF2α together with LH caused a further decrease in testicular weight and a significant reduction in the weights of the prostate and the seminal vesicles.
Absence in Human Ejaculate of Cephalexin Following its Oral Administration
Authors: Frenkel G. Paz , Scher N. , Homonnai T. Z. , Campus A. , Eylan E. 
Published: May 2008

Cephalexin (1 g) was ingested by 57 male volunteers and the subsequent concentrations of the drug in their serum and ejaculate were measured by the broth‐dilution method. Serum maximal levels (29.8 ± 6.6 μg/ml) were attained 1 h following ingestion and were sustained for an additional h before dropping to about 10% at 4 h postingestion. In the ejaculates, 22 out of 34 determinations failed to detect the drug whereas the remaining 12 gave various levels apparently independet of the time elapsed from drug administration. Determinations of the drug in the two fractions of 15 split ejaculates showed measurable levels in only 8 ejaculates and these were invariably higher in the first fraction than in the second.Cephalexin levels in the urine of 8 men 2 h after ingestion of the drug were above 200 μ/ml. Ejaculates obtained from these men half an h after the micturition showed in 7 out of 8 cases Cephalexin levels in the range of 12–50 μ/ml.These findings suggest that contamination of the ejaculate by traces of urine (from the urethra) may explain some false‐positive results reported in the literature for Cephalexin in seminal plasma.
Histochemical Demonstration of Δ5,3β‐hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in Cultured Leydig Cells under the Influence of Gonadotropic Hormones and Testosterone
Authors: Bilińska Barbara 
Published: May 2008

The influence of gonadotropic hormones or testosterone upon activity of Δ5, 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Δ5,3β‐OH‐SDH) within cultured Leydig cells was histochemically investigated.The following amounts of hormones were added into the culture medium: LH – 10, 100, 500, and 1000 ng/ml, FSH – 100 ng/ml, Testosterone (T) – 150 ng/ml of culture medium. Doses 10 and 100 ng LH stimulated the activity of the histochemically investigated enzyme, while 500 ng decreased enzyme activity and 1000 ng failed to support culture at all. FSH did not exert any influence on enzyme activity of cultured cells while testosterone decreased its activity beginning on day 6 in culture.
Human Testicular Disorders: Serum and Urinary Hormone Patterns and in vitro Conversion of [21‐14C,7‐3H]Progesterone
Authors: Fredricsson Bengt , Carlström Kjell 
Published: May 2008

The peripheral serum levels of FSH, LH, testosterone and low polar oestrogens and the urinary excretion of LH, low polar oestrogens, dehydroepiandrosterone, androsterone and aetiocholanolone and 17‐oxogenic steroids were determined in five groups of infertile men. Together with the hormone determinations, the in vitro metabolism of [7‐3H, 21‐14C]progesterone by testicular biopsy specimens was studied. The five groups were defined by their testicular histology: Normal spermatogenesis, hypospermatogenesis with thickening of the lamina propria, spermatogenetic arrest and Sertoli cell only syndrome. Cases with azoospermia and normal testicular histology constitute our reference material.The group of hypospermatogenesis with normal lamina propria was characterized by increased urinary excretion of 17‐oxogenic steroids (P < 0.05), of androsterone (P < 0.02) and in some cases also of dehydroepiandrosterone.The group of hypospermatogenesis with thickening of the lamina propria showed also elevation of the urinary excretion of androsterone (P < 0.01) but also of aetiocholanolone (P < 0.05). Elevated serum values of FSH (P < 0.05) and testosterone (P < 0.05) were also seen. The results of in vitro conversion of progesterone were not normally distributed, revealing one subgroup with normal bioconversion pattern and one with an immature pattern.In the group of spermatogenetic arrest significantly elevated values of FSH (P < 0.05) and of prolactin (P < 0.05) were found. In this group some cases with elevated urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone were also found. Bioconversion pattern was normal in all cases except one in which the most immature pattern in the cntire matcrial was found. The Scrtoli cell only group showed significant elcvations of serum FSH (P < 0.01) and LH (P < 0.01). Also in this group were cases with immature bioconversion pattern found.The findings indicate that the pituitary‐testicular interrelationship is disturbed in cases of hypospcrmatogcnesis and spermatogenic arrest, either via a general adrenal interaction (cases with normal lamina propria) or specifically by increased dehydroepiandrosterone, which in the cases of spermatogenetic arrest may be induced by prolactin. The significance of altered ratios of FSH/LH is discussed. It is suggested that an abnormal bioconversion pattern may be due either to adrcnal overactivity or to an altered FSH/LH‐ratio, or to both.
The Net Surface Charge of Mammalian Spermatozoa as Determined by Isoelectric Focusing. Changes Following Sperm Maturation, Ejaculation, Incubation in the Female Tract, and after Enzyme Treatment
Authors: Moore H. D. M. 
Published: May 2008

The mean net surface charge of living mammalian spermatozoa from various regions of the male reproductive tract has been investigated by whole cell isoelectric focusing techniques. In all cases, spermatozoa released from the caput epididymidis had a significantly higher mean isoelectric point than those from the cauda region. The net charge of spermatozoa from the rat and hamster was further modified by seminal vesicular fluid but not by prostatic secretion.Whereas the isoelectric point of caudal spermatozoa from rodents increased significantly after exposure to neuraminidase or trypsin, that of spermatozoa from the caput region was altered to a lesser extent. By contrast, neuraminidase failed to influence the surface charge of ejaculated human and rabbit spermatozoa, as did the incubation of spermatozoa in the female tract or with capacitating media. Finally, a preliminary study showed that spermatozoa from some apparently infertile men have an isoelectric point consistently higher than those from fertile men.
Immunoglobulin Class of Antispermatozoal Antibodies from Infertile Men and Inhibition of in vitro Sperm Penetration into Cervical Mucus
Authors: Jager S. , Kremer J. , Kuiken J. , van Slochteren‐Draaisma Tiny 
Published: May 2008

The presence of IgG and IgA on motile spermatozoa from normal semen donors and men from infertile couples was studied with mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) tests.The percentage of motile spermatozoa with IgG (IgG MAR%) was found to be related to the circulating antispermatozoal IgG. No direct relation could be detected between the IgG MAR% and the sperm agglutinating activity in seminal plasma (SP) or the percentage of motile spermatozoa showing the shaking phenomenon (S%) in the sperm cervical mucus contact (SCMC) test. The percentage of motile spermatozoa with IgA (IgA MAR%) showed no direct relation to the sperm agglutinating activity in serum and SP, but was roughly proportional with the S%.It was discerned that the shaking phenomenon in the SCMC test was probably due to presence of IgA on the motile spermatozoa. Previously it had been demonstrated that also the sperm agglutinating activity in SP is caused by IgA that is probably locally produced in the male genital tract. In conclusion it was thought that the reduced ability of penetration into cervical mucus by spermatozoa from infertile men is caused by locally produced IgA.