bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incest: The Father and The Male Therapist
Authors: Mann David 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT.This paper examines the special issues relating to a male therapist working with incest survivors. Recent literature is reviewed. The therapist/patient relationship is then looked at in general terms. Areas where the therapist may be identified with the aggressor father are then discussed. Finally erotic aspects of the relationship are examined in detail. It is proposed that incestuous attraction is part of a healthy maturational process. It is suggested that by dealing with his incestuous fantasies the therapist clarifies rather than blurs sexual boundaries. A male therapist may heal the primary lesion with male authority figures enabling the patient to experience an intimate relationship with a man that is non‐exploitative.
Pre‐Adoptive Diagnosis: The Meaning of a Crisis
Authors: Sabatello Ugo , Natali Paola , Giannotti Adriano 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY.This paper focuses on, and illustrates with clinical material, some of the specific problems of adoption both for the parents and for the child. It also tries to define some of the psychological peculiarities characteristic of couples who ask for adoption. After this introduction, we explain the modalities of the pre‐adoptive diagnosis used by our Service with their theoretical background, their aims, the problems involved, and the results they intend to achieve.
Courses in Psychotherapy: Evolution and Current Trends
Authors: Pedder Jonathan R. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY.The evolution of courses in analytic and dynamic psychotherapy is discussed. A brief historical sketch of the Rugby Psychotherapy Conferences is included as a background. Three types of training are identified: independent analytic trainings, regional diploma courses and senior registrar trainings. Different levels of psychotherapy are emphasised and the idea of a three‐stage training: primary degree, core professional qualification and postgraduate specialist training. The position of the core professions and their relevance and significance are discussed in relation to the possible development of a new profession of adult non‐medical psychotherapists.
A Comment on Jonathan Pedder's ‘Courses in Psychotherapy’: A Future for Training in Psychotherapy*
Authors: Dyne Deryck , Figlio Karl 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY.This is a response to Dr Pedder's paper (this issue). We consider the possible impact of the European Community (EC) after 1992 and the role of the United Kingdom Standing Conference for Psychotherapy (UKSCP) in the training of psychotherapists. We agree that the core professions should be involved in trainings; we oppose a three tier system and suggest a part‐time modular MA/MSc degree; and we urge the UKSCP take on a major responsibility in an EC context. Whilst our main focus is analytical psychotherapy, we believe other orientations might be equally affected. Our comments draw on a paper in preparation for the British Journal of Psychotherapy.
Healing, Exorcism and Object Relations Theory
Authors: Field Nathan 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY.From the earliest years of the psychoanalytic movement analysts have inclined to be either healers or exorcists. Jung, Ferençzi, Rank and Reich seem to speak with the characteristic voice of the healer. There is an implicit trust in the healing power of relationship, an emphasis on the patient's creative potential, a readiness to engage. Whereas those analysts, like Karl Abraham, who followed Freud's advocacy of analytic detachment, maintain a greater distance between themselves and their patient while focussing on the negative aspects of the infantile psyche. This tradition set the style of the classical analytic approach rigorously maintained by Melanie Klein and her followers. The Kleinian school actively challenges resistance, manipulation, seduction and all the carefully hidden expressions of negative transference. In their determination to‘name the devils’and their readiness to confront them, they, like Davanloo, take the characteristic stance of the exorcist.While healing and exorcism are very different modes of functioning, it would be a false simplification to see them as mutually exclusive. The shaman, in reclaiming the lost soul, must at the same time do battle with the devils that hold it captive. The exorcist, even as he drives out the demons, prays earnestly for the soul of the sinner. An object relations analyst must be capable of controntation when the occasion warrants; equally the classical analyst heals through sensitive understanding and the maintenance of safe analytic boundaries. Healing alone will fail where no attempt is made to purge the patient of his bad inner objects. But, more fundamentally, the whole therapeutic enterprise is meaningful only to the degree that a truly human connection has been established. The difficulty is to move freely between the two modes and to see them as complementary aspects of a single process.
Psychotherapy with Adult Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Gardner Fiona 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT.This paper explores issues raised in psychotherapeutic work with adult survivors of child sexual abuse. An analysis is made of the long‐term psychological effects of the trauma and the psychic dilemma as experienced by the patient. Four themes relevant to the therapist are explored: the problems raised by the seduction theory, the dangers of interpreting the patient's experience as fantasy, the potential abuse of power and control, and the implications of the gender of the therapist.
A Retrospective Follow‐Up Study of 84 Patients Treated with Individual Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. Outcome and Predictive Factors.
Authors: Clementel‐Jones Cecilia , Malan David , Trauer Tom 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT.84 patients treated with individual psychoanalytic psychotherapy in the Adult Department of the Tavistock Clinic were followed up 3 to 9 years after the end of treatment. Adjustment level at intake and number of sessions were found to correlate with outcome. More specifically, capacity to relate and problem‐solving ability were found to be predictive of outcome. The significance of the findings is discussed within the context of the debate concerning the efficacy of psychotherapy.
Which Neurotic Patients Are Offered Which Psychotherapy?
Authors: Alexander David , Eagles John 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY.Of the 336 new cases of neurosis referred to a regional psychiatric service 166 (49%) were offered supportive, dynamic or behavioural psychotherapy. The most frequently provided treatment was the first (40%); 34% of patients were offered dynamic psychotherapy and the remainder (261%) were allocated to behavioural psychotherapy. The factors related to the type of psychotherapy provided were diagnosis, duration of illness, the psychiatric team to which the patients had been referred, marital status and the distance the patients lived from the hospital.Sex, age, socio‐economic status, employment status and a history of alcohol abuse or of deliberate self harm had no association with the type of psychotherapy offered.
Exhibitionism
Authors: Lucas Christopher 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY.Some features of a series of male genital exhibitionists seen at the Portman Clinic by the author over a seven‐year period are described. A brief historical background is provided and important changes in theoretical thinking are noted, in particular the shift in emphasis from explanatory models stressing castration anxiety to a framework in which anxiety and anger in earlier object relationships are seen as of central importance. Exhibiting behaviour may be regarded as a way of attempting to restore damaged self‐esteem by an act of sexualised revenge towards a symbolic mother, whilst at the same time challenging but seeking containment from a symbolic father.
Passionate Lethal Attachments
Authors: Sinason Valerie 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY.Concerned by the lack of progress of three children seen in three different settings, an EBD School (school for children with emotional and behavioural disturbance), a Day Unit and a Clinic, the therapist noted a particularly destructive constellation in both their inner and outer worlds. Whilst physical and sexual abuse can now evoke speedy external action, emotional abuse is not given enough attention despite official guidelines. In the absence of a safe external structure to deal with this, the child is left far more at the mercy of internal attachments which can be lethal. Where a child is mentally or multiply handicapped it can be even harder to extricate himself from a destructive relationship.
The Mother‐Observer Relationship: An Examination of the Participant Role of the Observer in Mother‐Infant Observation
Authors: Coulter Helga 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. The relationship between mother and observer in mother‐infant observation as described by Esther Bick is examined. Specifically, the question as to whether this relationship influences what is being observed is considered.The author gives an account of her own relationship as an observer with a mother. The mother was an epileptic and fell with her baby (then six weeks old) causing the baby to suffer a broken skull. Exploration of events during the period of observation leads to the conclusion that the relationship between the mother and the observer was one of transference. Within this transference the observer seemed to be the mother of the one observed. This together with the effects on the observed mother's unconscious conflict with her own mother due to epilepsy is described.Given transference in the mother‐observer relationship doubts are raised as to the tenability of the attitude of distance and non‐interference prescribed for the observer. The conclusion is drawn that, in any case, the role of the observer is a participant role, which poses the epistemological problem of the interference of the observer with the observed.
Fundamental Considerations in the Psychotherapy of an Identical Twin
Authors: Sheerin Declan Finnian 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIdentical twins encounter unique psychological and maturational difficulties alien to the experiences of single children. A brief review of the literature on these points is presented, emphasising both the tormenting and gratifying aspects of a twin who has in the outside world another identical self that the world notices and confuses with him. Such aspects need to be taken into consideration when engaging an identical twin in analytical psychotherapy. ‘Fallout’ from psychotherapy can have repercussions on those close to the patient but in the case of identical twins the effects on the twin not in therapy can be disastrous. In particular, when psychotherapy‐by‐proxy ensues it appears possible for the co‐twin to establish strong links to the analyst through his narcissistic relationship with his twin, which appear transferential in nature. A clinical vignette is presented which elaborates on the issues of twin transference and the fallout effects on the twin not in therapy. A question is put forward: whether it is realistic to analyse identical twins individually and not together when their narcissistic dependency and defensive hostility are paramount to internal processes. The author takes the view that a psychoanalytical orientation to the psychotherapy of an identical twin is the most recommended but cautions against individual psychoanalytical psychotherapy where the real drive is the assassination of the internal and external twin‐object as a means to individuation from the twinship. The nature of this object ‐ whether selfobject or transformational object ‐ is tentatively discussed.
Shame, Guilt and Penance in the Psychoanalyst: The Therapist's Superego in Psychoanalysis
Authors: Bierenbroodspot Peter 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYIn his daily work, guilt and shame and, consequently, punishment and penance do not pass over the psychoanalyst unobtrusively even if the ‘ideal’ basic psychoanalytic attitude demands that he/she be above this kind of human triviality. After all, through his own training analysis and through education he can be (or become) conscious of feelings contrary to the high psychoanalytic expectations of the person behind the couch: to listen patiently, not to react emotionally or aspire after direct gratification, be always understanding and unselfish, never offended, always aiming at insight and, in the end, to make himself redundant.That is the ideal, but what is it like in reality? There is obviously a field of tension, caused not only by one's personal impediments, including one's personal motives to choose this profession, but also evoked by the conventions within one's professional group as a socially defined professional superego. How tolerant are psychoanalysts of each other, is this much aspired inner awareness, for example, actually facilitated or rather impeded, owing to the rigidity of the rules?In any case, the personal superego and especially the ego ideal, in psychoanalysis partly transposed to a professional superego and a professional ideal image, play an important part and contribute to the ultimate result. Inner awareness still seems to be the main thing.
Psychodynamic Formulation in Assessment for Psychotherapy
Authors: Hinshelwood R D 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThis paper describes one form of psychodynamic formulation. Three areas of object‐relations (the current life situation, the early infantile relations and the transference relationship) are focused upon to derive a common pattern. From these core object‐relationships a point of maximum pain can be hypothesised and the attendant defensive relationships. The paper also discusses the central importance of testing hypotheses with interpretation even in the assessment interview, and the prime interest of the psychodynamic formulation in assessing other factors in the suitability of a patient for psychotherapy.
‘I am a Place’ : Depth Psychology and Environmentalism
Authors: Samuels Andrew 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe author suggests that the environmental movement will fail if it does not address its own authoritarianism and depression and if the idealisation of nature as so‐called feminine is not moderated. A study of Margaret Atwood's novel Surfacing introduces the reader to a new kind of political figure called the female Trickster. This leads to a discussion of a form of politics based on parody and masquerade and a further example of this is given in the activities of the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires who helped to bring down the Argentinian junta. The paper concludes with some reflections about changing ‘human nature’ .
Unintegrated States and the Process of Integration: A New Formulation
Authors: Reeves Christopher 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. The paper sets out a new approach to identifying stages of early child development leading up to the acquisition of an integrated sense of self. The model derives from linguistics rather than biology, in particular from the application of concepts of case relationships found in inflected languages. The author postulates a correlation between case relationships and developmental stages, and argues that the gradual demise of inflected language forms may have contributed to our lack of attunement as adults to the psychological processes and experiences of infancy.The past is a foreign country. They do things differently there. L P Hartley The Go‐Between (1953)
From Emptiness to Loss: A Journey from the Intrapersonal to the Interpersonal
Authors: Lamprell Michael 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYIn this paper the writer follows the changing meaning of the word ‘emptiness’ used by a patient in her therapy over a period of several years. He finds that it is possible to witness the journey in the therapy from a state of not‐being, described as ‘emptiness’ at the beginning of the therapy, towards a feeling of loss, later in the therapy, when ‘emptiness’ takes on a new meaning. This journey can be seen to be linked with a developmental process from a perception of omnipotence and fusion towards a feeling of being separate.
Psychotic Interventions at the Arbours Crisis Centre
Authors: Berke Joseph H. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYDuring the course of a therapeutic intervention both the designated patient and the therapist(s) treating this person may emotionally decompensate and revert to a psychotic state of thinking and action. This paper discusses two such events and shows how they were ameliorated by a therapeutic milieu in which the people involved were initially overwhelmed by these psychotic regressions and were subsequently able to reconstitute themselves.
Internship: Fact or Phantasy?
Authors: Stein Samuel M 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYMany doctors have experienced their internship as a traumatic initiation into the medical profession. Rarely questioned, the process has resulted in a traditional cycle of distressed and unhappy interns. This article is an attempt to understand and clarify the institutional dynamics which are responsible for creating and maintaining these adverse patterns of behaviour. It concentrates on the interaction between the intern's inner phantasy world, the impact of the external hospital situation and the social defences which the hospital develops to protect its staff against the pain and anxiety inherent in their work. These collective social defence mechanisms often fail to protect the intern from intense anxiety and instead contribute to the hospital's increasing rigidity and resistance to change.
The Primitive and the Pathological
Authors: Field Nathan 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYA confusion exists in psycho‐analytic thinking on the differentiation between normal and abnormal. The paper argues that this derives from the conflation of two quite distinct meanings of normality: the ideal and the average. One consequence of this confusion is that psycho‐analysis has been repeatedly obliged to recognise as normal primitive phenomena it originally treated as psychopathology. While these two meanings may be complementary, it remains very difficult to reconcile them, although the paper attempts to do so.
Expanding the Clinical Utility of the Concept of Developmental Help to Engage the Severely Disturbed Adult Patient in a Psychoanalytic Process
Authors: Daldin Herman 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYIn this paper I demonstrate the clinical utility of techniques referred to as ‘developmental help’ in the psychotherapeutic process with a very disturbed adult patient. The proximal goal of the suggested interventions is to engage the patient in a more ‘classical’ psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Case material and discussion are provided to clarify and show how these interventions facilitate the process of engaging these difficult to treat patients.
Psychotherapy and Counselling in a GP Practice: Making Use of the Setting
Authors: Jones Heather , Murphy Antonia , Neaman Gill , Tollemache Robert , Vasserman David 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThe evolution and work of a team of GPs, therapists and counsellors in an Inner City GP practice is described with particular reference to the nature of the transference in this setting. It is suggested that there is a dual transference ‐ to the GP and to the therapist ‐ and that an understanding of some patients’ response to this triangular configuration both needs to be worked with and also adds a richness and effectiveness to the work which is to the benefit of the patient and satisfaction of the worker. This is an alternative viewpoint to that expressed by Hoag (1992) about work in this setting.
The Clinical Implications of Attachment Theory
Authors: Holmes Jeremy 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe work of John Bowlby, although influential in developmental psychology and social psychiatry, has had relatively little impact within his parent discipline of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The paper traces Bowlby's relationship with the British Psychoanalytic Society, contrasting his ideas with those of Klein. Drawing on recent findings in developmental psychology stimulated by Attachment Theory, it outlines the clinical relevance of the concepts of the secure base and narrative, and reviews notions of defence and the Oedipal situation from the attachment perspective. Attachment Theory is not a new ‘school’ of psychotherapy but addresses principles which underlie all effective therapies. An extended case study is described illustrating these points.
The Institutional Field: An Evolution of the Container Model
Authors: Correale Antonello 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn the case of severe pathologies, the function of the container in the psychotherapeutic setting becomes particularly important, but this function is made extremely difficult by the turbulence of the situation. In these cases, the container must provide three goals: a function of real limits, a means for the distribution and articulation of the projective identifications of the patient, a holdingelaboration of very intense emotional charges. In these particular cases, the function of the container becomes so complex as to necessitate an entire institution rather than a single therapist. The single therapist is not able to carry out his empathetic‐interpretative function unless he is integrated into a larger group‐institution.In order to describe and interpret the modalities of the functioning of the container‐institution, it is useful to adopt the model of the field which can be considered a refinement and evolution of the model of the container.An outline of the principal factors that constitute the institutional field is detailed as follows:1. The field is derived from the array of shared projective identifications in a cammon pool and not only from an individual into another.2. The field is a shared sensory area as defined by Bleger.3. The field contains an array of suffuse, powerful emotions which charge the atmosphere of the institution.4. The field is derived from certain originating‐foundation fantasies.5. The field is a derivation of the historical memory of each specific institutional group.The use of these axes of interpretation can allow a more detailed analysis of the functioning of the institution in contact with severe pathologies.
A Formal Science for Psychoanalysis
Authors: Langs Robert , Badalamenti Anthony 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThree modes of science are defined for psychoanalysis ‐ domain, statisticalprobabilistic and formal. The last form is on a par with physics and seeks deep laws of nature through the use of quantified time series data to which mathematical models are applied. The paper summarises a research programme designed to bring formal science to the field. The models used are drawn from physics and include the power spectral density function (a measure of cyclical power), force and work, entropy or informational complexity (determined in two distinctive ways), and temperature (a measure of communicative activity). The evidence for a communicative force field is presented. The results are used to define three apparently universal laws of nature pertaining to human communication, each adhered to in distinctive fashion (individuality constrained by lawfulness). The limitations and implications of these initial results are discussed.
Psychotherapy in the Third Age
Authors: Orbach Ann 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYIn this paper I discuss psychotherapy in old age in the context of our ageing society and ageist attitudes. I suggest that the therapist is as resistant as the ageing patient to themes of loss and death. I question the short‐term therapy often recommended and use case material to show that, despite the strength of the transference and the difficulty of ending therapy, the older patient is as suitable for long‐term psychotherapy as many of those in a younger age group whom we willingly agree to treat. In conclusion, I stress that the Third Age has been defined as a period for opportunity and new development.