bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gasification of Low‐Rank Solid Fuels with Thermochemical Energy Recuperation for Hydrogen Production and Power Generation
Authors: Hayashi J.‐I. , Hosokai S. , Sonoyama N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Ammonia and Hydroxide with Aryl Halides: The Direct Synthesis of Primary Anilines and Phenols
Authors: Willis Michael C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemistry and Pharmacology of Oxyprenylated Secondary Plant Metabolites
Authors: Epifano Francesco , Genovese Salvatore , Menghini Luigi , Curini Massimo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metal‐Assisted Multicomponent Reactions Involving Carbon Monoxide — Towards Heterocycle Synthesis
Authors: Mihovilovic Marko D. , Stanetty Peter 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two‐Photon Physical Organic, and Polymer Chemistry: Theory, Techniques, Chromophore Design, and Applications
Authors: Strehmel Bernd , Strehmel Veronika 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Methods and Protocols of Modern Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Amblard Muriel , Fehrentz Jean‐Alain , Martinez Jean , Subra Gilles 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Anticancer Drugs from Nature—Natural Products as a Unique Source of New Microtubule‐Stabilizing Agents
Authors: Altmann Karl‐Heinz , Gertsch Juerg 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chimerism in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus — 3 Hypotheses
Authors: Kremer Hovinga I. C. L. , Koopmans M. , de Heer E. , Bruijn J. A. , Bajema I. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Voltage life characteristics of epoxy micaceous insulation systems under flexural stress
Authors: Mitsui Hisayasu , Yoshida Katsuhiko , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractVoltage endurance tests under flexural stress were carried out on high‐voltage rotating machine insulations with various mica tapes. The following interesting observations were obtained from the test data.The relationship between flexural stress and voltage life is comparatively differentiated by the mica tape construction. In a region exceeding a certain level of flexural stress, voltage lives are shortened abruptly for the insulation with mica papers only. On the other hand, for the insulation with mica splittings only, voltage lives are shortened more slowly with an increase of flexural stress, compared with the case for the insulation with mica papers only. Generally, breakdown occurs on the tensile side for the insulation with mica papers only, but on the compressive side for the insulation with mica splittings only. In the case of insulation using a combination of mica papers and mica splittings, breakdown occurs mostly on the compressive side, some‐times on the tensile side when voltage is rather low. As the displacement becomes larger, the breakdown path becomes longer for the insulation with mica papers only, and shorter for the insulation with mica splittings only. It becomes longer with the increase of voltage, when the displacement is constant.From an examination of the relationships between nondestructive insulation characteristics and voltage life, almost no correlation was found between conventionally known characteristics (tan δ0, Δ tan δ and ΔC/C0) and voltage life. However, comparatively clear correlation was found between the void formation coefficient K and voltage life.
Electrocatalytic Reduction of Dioxygen at Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with a Novel Cobalt(III) Schiff's Base Complex
Authors: Shamsipur Mojtaba , Najafi Mostafa , Hosseini Mohammad‐Reza Milani , Sharghi Hashem 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA carbon paste modified electrode with a new cobalt(III) Schiff's base complex (CPME) and its application to electrocatalytic activity for dioxygen reduction is developed. The electrochemical behavior and stability of the CPME as well as the two‐electron reduction of O2 at the electrode were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and rotating disk electrode methods. At the CPME, the reduction of dioxygen to hydrogen peroxide occurs at potentials where it is not observed at a bare carbon paste electrode. The CPME exhibited potent and persistent electrocatalysis for O2 reduction in acetate buffer solutions of pH 4.0 with an overpotential of about 800 mV lower than unmodified CPE and drastic increase in the peak current. The heterogeneous rate constant for the reduction of O2 at the surface of CPME was determined by hydrodynamic voltammetry using the Koutecky–Levich plot. A possible catalytic mechanism is proposed and discussed.
Determination of Cd and Pb in Phosphorites and Phosphate Fertilizers by Means of a Portable Voltammetric Analyzer Based on “Virtual Instrumentation”
Authors: Maroulis Marios , Economou Anastasios , Voulgaropoulos Anastasios 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis works reports the determination of cadmium and lead in phosphorite rocks and phosphate fertilizers by means of a portable voltammetric analyzer based on the “virtual instrumentation” principle. The analyzer consists of a home‐made potentiostat, a conventional three‐electrode cell and a magnetic stirrer interfaced to a PC with control and data acquisition software developed in LabVIEW 7.1. The apparatus operates in the square‐wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) detection mode and utilizes wax‐impregnated graphite working electrodes covered in‐situ with a thin film of mercury. The phosphorite and fertilizer samples were subjected to pre‐treatment with concentrated acid before the analysis. Different acids were accessed and compared in terms of sensitivity and background characteristics. Comparison of the results obtained by SWASV and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) indicates that no statistical difference exists between the two techniques.
Numerical simulations of 3D free surface flows by a multilayer Saint‐Venant model
Authors: Audusse E. , Bristeau M. O. , Decoene A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe present a multilayer Saint‐Venant system for the simulation of 3D free surface flows with friction and viscosity effects. A vertical discretization of a Navier–Stokes system approximation deduced from a precise analysis of the shallow water assumption leads to a set of coupled Saint‐Venant‐type systems. The idea is to obtain an accurate description of the vertical profile of the horizontal velocity while preserving the robustness and the computational efficiency of the usual Saint‐Venant system.For each time‐dependent layer, a Saint‐Venant‐type system is solved on the same 2D mesh by a kinetic solver using a finite volume framework. The free surface is directly deduced from the sum of layers water depth.We validate the model with some numerical academic and realistic examples. We present comparisons with simulations computed with the hydrostatic Navier–Stokes
solver of the Telemac‐3D code developed by Electricité de France. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an electro‐osmotic flow model to study the dynamic behaviour in human meridian
Authors: Sheu Tony W. H. , Huang Vincent C. , Rani H. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA numerical study has been performed on the proposed bio‐fluid dynamics model to explore and provide some human meridian characteristics. The proposed meridian model involves tissue fluids, which contain ions and nutrition, in the meridian passage. The tissue fluid under investigation can interact with the blood in the capillary vessel at the acupuncture points a through a complex electro‐osmosis transport process occurring in the meridian path. The investigated physical domain consists of a meridian path having three acupuncture points, namely, gall bladder 37, 38, 39, which are connected with their associated small meridian bodies. Based on the proper physiological coefficients, the simulated mean velocity of the tissue fluid has the result of 3.37 cm/min, and is observed to increase and decrease with the hydraulic pressure of the arteriole with the maximum and minimum values of 4.34 and
2.40 cm/min, respectively. Our simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental findings reported in the literature. In the meridian, both blood and tissue fluid flows exhibited complex electro‐osmosis nonlinear behaviour. The immediate response due to the externally applied acupuncture is analysed to reveal the elliptic meridian nature, which is intrinsic in the body fluid. The interaction between the body fluid and blood is as the master and mother, and the influence of the blood circulation on the meridian system and vice versa are also analysed in detail. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extension of some numerical schemes to the analysis of gas and particle mixtures
Authors: García‐Cascales J. R. , Mulas‐Pérez J. , Paillère H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper, several numerical schemes are extended to obtain approximate solutions to the system of equations encountered in the analysis of multiphase mixtures of gas and particles. Both dense and dilute mixtures are studied, the gas is modelled as a perfect gas and the solid is considered incompressible. Although the tests employed throughout this work for studying the behaviour of the schemes are essentially one dimensional, the finite volume method developed permits its application to multidimensional problems in unstructured grids. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of fat distribution on the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Cheung Onpan , Kapoor Ashwani , Puri Puneet , Sistrun Sakita , Luketic Velimir A. , Sargeant Carol C. , Contos Melissa J. , Shiffman Mitchell L. , Stravitz Richard T. , Sterling Richard K. , Sanyal Arun J. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

The patterns of fat distribution and their relationship to severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are unknown. The objectives of this study were to define the fat distribution patterns and their relationship to histological severity and metabolic parameters in subjects with NAFLD. Anthropometric indices and total body fat were measured in 123 subjects. Fat distribution patterns were defined as: general, abdominal, limb, truncal, and dorsocervical lipohypertrophy (DCL) a novel finding in NAFLD. Eighty-one (66%) of the subjects were obese, and 94 (76%) had abdominal obesity. Thirty-five (28.5%) had DCL. Whereas body mass index (BMI) correlated best with the presence of diabetes (r = 0.22,

P

< 0.05), waist circumference (WC) correlated best with hypertension (r = 0.2,

P

< 0.05), hypertriglyceridemia (r = 0.37,

P

< 0.001), and insulin resistance (homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance [r = 0.68,

P

< 0.0001]). None of the patterns of fat distribution were significantly associated with severity of hepatic steatosis. Abdominal obesity (WC) correlated with inflammation (r = 0.2,

P

< 0.05) only. DCL correlated significantly with the severity of all histological parameters except steatosis. Whereas DCL was the single greatest contributor to the variability in severity of histological parameters, a model combining BMI, WC, and DCL showed the greatest contribution to the variability in severity of individual histological parameters. The addition of steatosis grade to the model significantly increased its contribution to the range of lobular inflammation.

Conclusion:

WC predicts metabolic risk profile with the most significance. However, DCL is most strongly associated with severity of steatohepatitis. WC and BMI added modestly to the contribution of DCL to severity of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Immunoadsorption with single‐use columns for the management of bleeding in acquired hemophilia A: A series of nine cases
Authors: Brzoska Martin , Krause Manuela , Geiger Helmut , Betz Christoph 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground:Acquired hemophilia A in a setting of bleeding or required surgery frequently places patients into a state of critical illness with high mortality. In this context immunoadsorption (IA) can be used to eliminate coagulation inhibitors quickly to employ recombinant coagulation factors more effectively. However, since acquired hemophilia is a rare condition the therapy is little standardized.Methods:We report on a retrospective analysis of nine cases of acquired hemophilia A treated with IA using disposable adsorber columns. Data collection was performed by retrospectively reviewing the patients' files regarding clinical course, mode of therapy, inhibitor titers, and coagulation status.Results:Inhibitor titers were effectively reduced in all but one patient following the treatment with IA. In two out of seven patients surviving the acute bleeding an inhibitor relapse occurred. The overall remission rate was determined as 77.8% within a median follow‐up of 613 days. In two of our nine patients fatal outcome resulted due to major bleeding complications. IA treatment showed good tolerability and no fatal complications were caused.Conclusion:The presented cases support our assumption that patients with acquired hemophilia A benefit from IA with disposable columns in a setting of acute bleeding. This modality of IA is able to eliminate inhibitors reliably and quickly. IA in general is substantially speeding up the progress of therapy preventing bleeding complications constantly threatening the patient and reducing the dosages of coagulation factor therapy. We encourage IA with disposable columns in all bleeding patients with acquired hemophilia to aggressively lower the inhibitors. J. Clin. Apheresis. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Stuber Matthias , Weiss Robert G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCoronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a powerful noninvasive technique with high soft‐tissue contrast for the visualization of the coronary anatomy without X‐ray exposure. Due to the small dimensions and tortuous nature of the coronary arteries, a high spatial resolution and sufficient volumetric coverage have to be obtained. However, this necessitates scanning times that are typically much longer than one cardiac cycle. By collecting image data during multiple RR intervals, one can successfully acquire coronary MR angiograms. However, constant cardiac contraction and relaxation, as well as respiratory motion, adversely affect image quality. Therefore, sophisticated motion‐compensation strategies are needed. Furthermore, a high contrast between the coronary arteries and the surrounding tissue is mandatory. In the present article, challenges and solutions of coronary imaging are discussed, and results obtained in both healthy and diseased states are reviewed. This includes preliminary data obtained with state‐of‐the‐art techniques such as steady‐state free precession (SSFP), whole‐heart imaging, intravascular contrast agents, coronary vessel wall imaging, and high‐field imaging. Simultaneously, the utility of electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for the visualization of the coronary arteries is discussed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noninvasive MRI assessment of intracranial compliance in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Miyati Tosiaki , Mase Mitsuhito , Kasai Harumasa , Hara Masaki , Yamada Kazuo , Shibamoto Yuta , Soellinger Michaela , Baltes Christof , Luechinger Roger 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPurposeTo assess the state and dynamics of the intracranial system in idiopathic normal‐pressure hydrocephalus (I‐NPH), we determined intracranial compliance using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsThe intracranial compliance index (ICCI), which was defined as the ratio of the peak‐to‐peak intracranial volume change (ICVCp‐p) to the peak‐to‐peak cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure gradient (PGp‐p) during the cardiac cycle, was obtained from the net transcranial blood and CSF flow measured with phase‐contrast (PC) cine MRI. ICCI was determined in patients with I‐NPH (N = 7), brain atrophy, or asymptomatic ventricular dilation (VD) (N = 6), and in healthy volunteers (control group; N = 11). The changes in ICCI indices were also analyzed after a CSF tap test (N = 2).ResultsThe ICCI in the I‐NPH group was significantly lower than in the control and VD groups, whereas no difference was found between the control and VD groups. The ICVCp‐p was also lower than in the control and VD groups. However, no significant difference was found in the PGp‐p between groups. The ICCI increased after the tap test.ConclusionIntracranial compliance analysis with MRI makes it possible to noninvasively obtain more detailed information of intracranial biomechanics in the I‐NPH and to assist in the diagnosis of I‐NPH. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proton echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging of J‐coupled resonances in human brain at 3 and 4 Tesla
Authors: Posse Stefan , Otazo Ricardo , Caprihan Arvind , Bustillo Juan , Chen Hongji , Henry Pierre‐Gilles , Marjanska Malgorzata , Gasparovic Charles , Zuo Chun , Magnotta Vincent , Mueller Bryon , Mullins Paul , Renshaw Perry , Ugurbil Kamil , Lim Kelvin O. , Alger Jeffry R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this multicenter study, 2D spatial mapping of J‐coupled resonances at 3T and 4T was performed using short‐TE (15 ms) proton echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI). Water‐suppressed (WS) data were acquired in 8.5 min with 1‐cm3 spatial resolution from a supraventricular axial slice. Optimized outer volume suppression (OVS) enabled mapping in close proximity to peripheral scalp regions. Constrained spectral fitting in reference to a non‐WS (NWS) scan was performed with LCModel using correction for relaxation attenuation and partial‐volume effects. The concentrations of total choline (tCho), creatine + phosphocreatine (Cr+PCr), glutamate (Glu), glutamate + glutamine (Glu+Gln), myo‐inositol (Ins), NAA, NAA+NAAG, and two macromolecular resonances at 0.9 and 2.0 ppm were mapped with mean Cramer‐Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) between 6% and 18% and ∼150‐cm3 sensitive volumes. Aspartate, GABA, glutamine (Gln), glutathione (GSH), phosphoethanolamine (PE), and macromolecules (MMs) at 1.2 ppm were also mapped, although with larger mean CRLBs between 30% and 44%. The CRLBs at 4T were 19% lower on average as compared to 3T, consistent with a higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and increased spectral resolution. Metabolite concentrations were in the ranges reported in previous studies. Glu concentration was significantly higher in gray matter (GM) compared to white matter (WM), as anticipated. The short acquisition time makes this methodology suitable for clinical studies. Magn Reson Med, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A review of clinical upper limb assessments within the framework of the WHO ICF
Authors: Metcalf Cheryl , Adams Jo , Burridge Jane , Yule Victoria , Chappell Paul 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper is intended to provide a practical overview for clinicians and researchers involved in assessing upper limb function. It considers 25 upper limb assessments used in musculoskeletal care and presents a simple, straightforward comparative review of each. The World Health Organization International Classification on Functioning, Disability and Health (WHO ICF) is used to provide a relative summary of purpose between each assessment. Measurement properties of each assessment are provided, considering the type of data generated, availability of reliability estimates and normative data for the assessment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Component mode synthesis with constant mass and stiffness matrices applied to flexible multibody systems
Authors: Gerstmayr J. , Ambrósio J. A. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn flexible multibody systems, component mode synthesis is used to reduce the size of system matrices of the single bodies from millions to a few hundred, while maintaining the full coupling between body deformation and overall rigid body motion. The combination of clamped eigenmodes and static deformation modes results in a dense and non‐diagonal structure of the system matrices which is computationally costly. In the present paper, the conventional concept of the floating frame of reference is transformed to a description based on absolute coordinates and a corotational linearization of the deformation. The constant mass matrix and the corotated stiffness matrix need to be factorized only once for the whole simulation. In a planar example, component mode synthesis is
applied to this absolute coordinate formulation by using twice as many deformation modes as usual, while the solution of the overall system becomes less expensive due to efficient factorization. The size of the system matrices needs to be increased considerably for each axis of rotation. However, the computational complexity for the factorization reduces from cubic to quadratic. Numerical examples are presented in order to demonstrate the difference between standard procedures and the methodology now proposed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐bond crosslinked macroporous thermally reversible hydrogels
Authors: Avny Yair , Zada Anat , Zilkha Albert 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNon‐bond crosslinked macroporous thermally reversible hydrogels of poly‐N‐isopropylacrylamide were obtained by copolymerization with the crosslinking agent cyclic octaethylene glycol fumarate, a 29‐membered ring, having a polymerizable double bond; threading of polymer chains into the macrocyclic ring being the cause for the crosslinking. These hydrogels showed a high swelling capacity in water which could be controlled by varying the molar ratio of monomer/crosslinking agent. They rapidly ‘collapsed’ at 33° and swelled back at low temperatures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.