bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning and characterization of Taiwan macaque lactoferrin
Authors: Chang Jui‐Hsien , Chen Chao‐Chung , Chao Ming‐Chieh , Chuang Yin‐Ching , Chang Ming‐Chung 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground  Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron‐binding glycoprotein that plays an important role in combating a wide range of pathogens and contributes innate protective defenses of mammals.Methods  We cloned and sequenced the full‐length cDNA for LF from Taiwan macaque. The antimicrobial activity and iron‐binding ability of the purified recombinant macaque LF (rmLF) were determined and compared with those of human LF (hLF).Results and conclusions  The complete mLF cDNA (GenBank: EU523857) encoded a 710‐aa precursor with a 19‐aa signal peptide. The nucleotide sequence of mLF showed the highest identity to the rhesus monkey LF (98%), whereas the putative amino acid sequence of mLF showed the highest identity to the hLF (90%). The rmLF and natural hLF showed almost equivalent antibacterial activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae and mLF presented a slightly lower activity against Listeria monocytogenes than natural hLF. In addition, the patterns of iron release from mLF and hLF were nearly identical.
Neoplasia in the chimpanzee (Panspp.)
Authors: Brown S.L. , Anderson D.C. , Dick Jr E.J. , Guardado‐Mendoza R. , Garcia A.P. , Hubbard G.B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground Chimpanzees have over 98% genomic sequence homology with humans and may have a similar host response to malignancy. There is minimal information concerning cancer in the chimpanzee and such information would be valuable to individuals caring for and using them for research.Methods Spontaneous neoplasia that was documented in two chimpanzee colonies and in the literature were evaluated statistically.Results In all, 105 spontaneous and 12 experimental neoplasms were diagnosed. Seventy‐four spontaneous tumors occurred in females, 24 in males, and seven in animals of undetermined sex. Of the spontaneous tumors 89 were benign, 14 were malignant, and two were undetermined. Neoplasia was most common in the urogenital system in females.Conclusions Neoplasia is not uncommon in the chimpanzee, is generally benign, and occurs primarily in the urogenital system in females.
Successful ageing by whose definition? Views of older, spiritually affiliated women
Authors: McCann Mortimer Patricia , Ward Lynn , Winefield Helen 
Published: March 2009

Objectives:  Researchers have pointed to significant omissions in Rowe and Kahn's model of successful ageing and their lack of consultation with older people. This study examined late mid‐life and older women's views of successful ageing. Methods:  In‐depth interviews were conducted with 14 women aged 60–89 years. Participants who identified themselves as spiritual and religious, or spiritual only and not religious, were recruited using the ‘snowball technique’. Thematic analyses were conducted within an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis framework. Results:  Participants described multiple dimensions of successful ageing with 15 subthemes grouped into three overarching categories of personal agency, social value and quality of life/quality of death. Conclusions:  Participants’ multidimensional views of successful ageing were broader than Rowe and Kahn's model and included the need to have a degree of autonomy over the place and manner of the last phase of life and final days (successful dying).
Reactions to ageing among Australian psychologists
Authors: Koder Deborah‐Anne , Helmes Edward 
Published: March 2009

Objective: To assess attitudes towards personal ageing among Australian psychologists. Methods: Six hundred and four practising psychologists were surveyed using the Reactions to Ageing Questionnaire (RAQ). Potential predictors of attitudes to ageing, such as age, gender and number of years in clinical practice were examined, together with the amount and quality of contact with older family members and older friends. Measures related to the training of psychologists were also of interest. Results: The strongest significant predictors of attitudes to ageing were respondents’ age and positive attitudes towards conducting therapy with older clients. Contact and training variables were not associated with scores on the RAQ. Conclusion: These results highlight age as a contributing factor in attitude formation.
‘I went in feeling like a student and came out feeling like a researcher’ An evaluation of the first Australian Masterclass for Emerging Researchers in Ageing
Authors: Bartlett Helen , Peach Linda C 
Published: March 2009

Objective: To assess how well the 2008 Masterclass for Emerging Researchers in Ageing (ERA) increased capacity for building careers in ageing research in Australia. Methods: Twenty‐six delegates rated 13 career‐development activities for (i) the importance of each to their future careers and (ii) their perceived competence in each, before and after the Masterclass. Further qualitative feedback was collected at programme conclusion. Results: Publishing research and working on large‐scale, collaborative research projects were rated significantly more important after the Masterclass. Delegates’ competence in 11 of the 13 activities increased significantly, as did averaged overall competence. Qualitative data analysis indicated the Masterclass was particularly valued for networking opportunities and for providing access to senior people in the field. Conclusions: This inaugural ERA Masterclass assisted emerging researchers in ageing to develop capacity in career development activities. These outcomes have important implications for building research capacity in ageing in Australia.
WILLIAM H. REHNQUIST AWARD FOR JUDICIAL EXCELLENCE ADDRESS
Authors: Lippman Hon. Jonathan 
Published: March 2009

The William H. Rehnquist Award is one of the most celebrated judicial honors in the country. It is given each year to a state court judge who demonstrates the “highest level of judicial excellence, integrity, fairness, and professional ethics.” The 2008 recipient, Jonathan Lippman, was recently appointed and confirmed as Chief Judge of the State of New York. Chief Judge Lippman was previously the Presiding Justice of the Appellate Division of the First Judicial Department of the New York State Supreme Court. He was appointed New York's Chief Administrative Judge by Chief Judge Judith S. Kaye and served from January 1996 to May 2007 and was responsible for the operation of a court system with a $2.4 billion budget, 1300 state‐paid judges, 2300 town and village judges, and 16,000 nonjudicial personnel. Among his numerous professional activities, Chief Judge Lippman served as president of the Conference of State Court Administrators from 2005 to 2006 and was the vice‐chair of the National Center for State Courts from 2005 to 2006, where he was a member of the Board of Directors from 2003 to 2007. During his tenure, Chief Judge Lippman has been the recipient of numerous awards and recognitions, including the 2006 Fund For Modern Courts Cyrus R. Vance Tribute for Vision, Integrity and Dedication to the Fair Administration of Justice Personified by Cyrus R. Vance (November 27, 2006); the New York County Lawyers’ Association Conspicuous Service Award in Recognition of Many Years of Outstanding Public Service (September 28, 2006); and the Award for Excellence in Public Service of the New York State Bar Association's Committee on Attorneys in Public Service (January 24, 2006). Chief Judge Lippman received a Bachelor of Arts in Government and International Relations from New York University, Washington Square College, where he graduated cum laude in 1965. He also received his J.D. from New York University in 1968. Below is the speech he delivered after accepting the William H. Rehnquist Award from U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John G. Roberts.
Problems with kinematic mean field electrodynamics at high magnetic Reynolds numbers
Authors: Cattaneo F. , Hughes D. W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe discuss the applicability of the kinematic α-effect formalism at high magnetic Reynolds numbers. In this regime, the underlying flow is likely to be a small-scale dynamo, leading to the exponential growth of fluctuations. Difficulties arise with both the actual calculation of the α coefficients and their interpretation. We argue that although the former may be circumvented – and we outline several procedures by which the α coefficients can be computed in principle – the interpretation of these quantities in terms of the evolution of the large-scale field may be fundamentally flawed.
Seasonal distribution and species composition of daytime biting mosquitoes
Authors: AKRAM Waseem , HAFEEZ Faisal , ULLAH Unsar Naeem , KIM Yeon Kook , HUSSAIN Aftab , LEE Jong‐Jin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAdults and immatures ofAedesmosquito populations were collected at temperatures between 40 and 44°C (summer), while larvae were collected at 0°C (winter). Major mosquito activities were observed from February to mid‐December at various collection sites that yielded high populations ofAedesspp. from May to September, and high populations ofCulexspp. andAnophelesspp. from March to September. In June to July, mosquito activity was suspended because the relative humidity was high (70%); a result of the monsoon rains. In August, with temperature ranging from 38 to 42°C, the populations ofCulex,AnophelesandAedesbegan to increase (36.8, 32.1 and 26.3%, respectively). Population estimates (through standard prototype Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Biogents (BG)‐sentinel) and species composition ofAedesin forest habitats indicated a rapid increase in the populations ofAe. albopictus(52.3%),Ae. aegypti(19.1%) andAe. vittatus(28.5%) following the rainy season in July. Areas positive forAe. albopictushad identical population levels and distribution ranges ofAe. vittatus, however, there were noAe. aegyptiinAe. albopictusareas from August to September. The population level, seasonal distribution, habitat and areas of adult activity marked by global positioning system (GPS) coordinates are being used for reference and for species composition data ofAnophelesspp. (2),Culexspp. (10) andAedesspp. (5) in addition to associated temperature, relative humidity and physico‐chemical factors of larval habitat. Global meteorological changes have caused an expansion of the active period, leading to the mosquito's possibility of being a vector of disease increasing, resulting in the spread of dengue fever.
Monitoring pyrethroid resistance in field collected Blattella germanica Linn. (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) in Indonesia
Authors: AHMAD Intan ,   SRIWAHJUNINGSIH, ASTARI Sita , PUTRA Ramadhani Eka , PERMANA Agus Dana 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe German cockroach, Blattella germanica, is a major and the most common pest in public areas in Indonesia. Although intensive control measures have been carried out to control the populations of this pest, results have been far from successful, which is believed to be because of its resistance to insecticides. A standard World Health Organization (WHO) glass jar test was carried out to determine the resistance level of this insect to pyrethroid insecticides, the most commonly used insecticides for cockroach control in Indonesia. A susceptible S1 strain collected from Tembagapura Papua was compared with four strains collected from Bandung, West Java: strain S2, from a local restaurant; strain S3, from the Bandung train station; and strains S4 and S5, from two different hotels. All strains showed low resistance to the pyrethroid, except the S5 strain, which had a Resistance Ratio (RR)50 of 95 for permethrin. The addition of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) suggests that the detoxifying enzyme mixed function oxidases (MFO) played an important role in the development of resistance to permethrin in the S5 strain, suggested by the high Synergist Ratio (SR) of 70.4. However, the low level of resistance to cypermethrin was not affected by PBO, suggesting that other mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance are involved. Our study is the first report of German cockroach resistance to permethrin in Indonesia, and the findings can be used in formulating potential strategies for cockroach resistance management.
Molecular cloning and expression pattern of 14‐3‐3ζ from the malaria vector, Anopheles sinensis
Authors: JO Yong Hun , NOH Mi Young , KANG Se Won , KIM Dong Hyun , OH Seung Han , LEE Yong Seok , BANG In Seok , SEO Sook Jae , KIM Iksoo , HAN Yeon Soo 
Published: March 2009

Abstract14‐3‐3 proteins are known to play a pivotal role in cell survival, apoptosis and signal transduction. The 14‐3‐3ζ isoform has been cloned and characterized from many eukaryotic organisms, including the fruit fly and silkworm. However, no study on mosquito 14‐3‐3 has been reported to date. In an attempt to investigate the function of 14‐3‐3 in midgut epithelial cells undergoing apoptosis, a cDNA library was generated from the malaria vector, Anopheles sinensis, which was treated with apoptosis‐inducing Actinomycin‐D. We were able to identify and obtain A. sinensis 14‐3‐3ζ cDNA (Ansi14‐3‐3ζ) from expressed sequence tags (EST) analysis after conducting massive sequencing of the A. sinensis cDNA library. Ansi14‐3‐3ζ has very high homology to 14‐3‐3 homologs of various insects, such as Anopheles gambiae (100%), Aedes aegypti (100%), Drosophila melanogaster (96%), Bombyx mori (93%), Apis mellifera (93%) and Mus musculus (81%), indicating that mosquito 14‐3‐3ζ is a highly conserved gene in diverse organisms. Analysis of temporal expression patterns showed that Ansi14‐3‐3ζ mRNA is highly expressed in egg, early pupae and adult stages and is also expressed, although at low levels, in fourth instar larvae and late pupae. In response to two immune elicitors (lipopolysaccharide and laminarin), no striking induction of 14‐3‐3ζ mRNA was observed in A. sinensis. Further studies of the precise biological function, inducibility and subcellular distribution of 14‐3‐3ζ are required in Plasmodium invasion‐induced apoptotic midgut cells in A. sinensis in the context of the Time Bomb model.
Noninvasive Markers of Airway Inflammation in Asthma
Authors: Wedes Samuel H. , Khatri Sumita B. , Zhang Renliang , Wu Weijia , Comhair Suzy A. A. , Wenzel Sally , Teague William G. , Israel Elliot , Erzurum Serpil C. , Hazen Stanley L. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract Background: Although airway inflammation plays a major role in the pathophysiology of asthma, quantitative markers of airway nflammation are limited in clinical practice. Objective: To determine if the levels of noninvasive markers of eosinophil‐catalyzed oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide (NO) production are associated with asthma. Methods: Participants were enrolled from academic medical centers participating in the Severe Asthma Research Program. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, pulmonary function tests, and the levels of the following noninvasive markers were obtained: urinary bromotyrosine (BrTyr), a marker of eosinophil‐catalyzed oxidation, urinary F2‐isoprostanes (F2‐lsoPs), markers of lipid peroxidation, and exhaled NO, a marker of airway inflammation. Results: Fifty‐seven asthmatic participants and 38 healthy participants were enrolled. BrTyr, F2‐lsoPs, and exhaled NO were each significantly increased in asthmatic participants versus controls (p < 0.01). An elevated level (greater than the median) of any marker was associated with a significant 3‐ to 6‐fold greater odds of having asthma. Participants with two or more elevated marker levels showed an 18‐fold greater odds of having asthma. Relationships were also noted with airflow obstruction and bronchodilator response. Conclusion: The findings from this pilot study indicate that urinary levels of BrTyr and F2‐lsoPs, in addition to exhaled NO levels, are associated with asthma.
On the influence of oil prices on economic activity and other macroeconomic and financial variables*
Authors: Lescaroux François , Mignon Valérie 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the links between oil prices and various macroeconomic and financial variables for a large set of countries, including both oil‐importing and oil‐exporting countries. Both short‐run and long‐run interactions are analysed through the implementation of Granger‐causality tests, evaluation of cross correlations between the cyclical components of the series in order to identify lead/lag relationships and cointegration analysis. Our results highlight the existence of various relationships between oil prices and macroeconomic variables and, especially, an important link between oil and share prices on the short run. Turning to the long run, numerous long‐term relationships are detected, the Granger‐causality generally running from oil prices to the other variables. An important conclusion is relating to the key role played by the oil market on stock markets.
Acute visual loss after spinal surgery
Authors: Hoff Jana Midelfart , Varhaug Pål , Midelfart Anna , Lund‐Johansen Morten 
Published: March 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  To report visual loss after prone spinal surgery.Methods:  Computed tomography scan, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT).Results:  A 56‐year‐old man demonstrated loss of vision in the left eye after cervical spinal surgery. Clinical examination revealed loss of vision to finger counting, severe visual field defect and blurred neural rim area around the optic disc in the left eye. Six weeks later, visual acuity in the left eye was 6/9 and there was inferior visual field defect. Six months after the surgery, significant reduction of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness around the optic nerve head was measured with OCT, consistent with the visual field defect.Conclusion:  Ischemic optic neuropathy is the most common cause of visual loss after spine surgery and special emphasis should be given to protect the eye against possible pressure during the surgery.
Steroid profiles of professional soccer players: an international comparative study
Authors: Strahm E , Sottas P-E , Schweizer C , Saugy M , Dvorak J , Saudan C 
Published: March 2009

Background and objectives:Urinary steroid profiling is used in doping controls to detect testosterone abuse. A testosterone over epitestosterone (T/E) ratio exceeding 4.0 is considered as suspicious of testosterone administration, irrespectively of individual heterogeneous factors such as the athlete’s ethnicity. A deletion polymorphism in the UGT2B17 gene was demonstrated to account for a significant part of the interindividual variability in the T/E between Caucasians and Asians. Here, the variability of urinary steroid profiles was examined in a widely heterogeneous cohort of professional soccer players.Method:The steroid profile of 57 Africans, 32 Asians, 50 Caucasians and 32 Hispanics was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.Results:Significant differences have been observed between all ethnic groups. After estimation of the prevalence of the UGT2B17 deletion/deletion genotype (African: 22%; Asian: 81%; Caucasian: 10%; Hispanic: 7%), ethnic-specific thresholds were developed for a specificity of 99% for the T/E (African: 5.6; Asian: 3.8; Caucasian: 5.7; Hispanic: 5.8). Finally, another polymorphism could be hypothesised in Asians based on specific concentration ratio of 5α-/5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol in urine.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that a unique and non-specific threshold to evidence testosterone misuse is not fit for purpose. An athlete’s endocrinological passport consisting of a longitudinal follow-up together with the ethnicity and/or the genotype would strongly enhance the detection of testosterone abuse. Finally, additional genotyping studies should be undertaken to determine whether the remaining unexplained disparities have an environmental or a genetic origin.
A Climatology of Nocturnal Low-Level Jets at Cabauw
Authors: Baas P. , Bosveld F. C. , Klein Baltink H. , Holtslag A. A. M. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
A climatology of nocturnal low-level jets (LLJs) is presented for the topographically flat measurement site at Cabauw, the Netherlands. LLJ characteristics are derived from a 7-yr half-hourly database of wind speed profiles, obtained from the 200-m mast and a wind profiler. Many LLJs at Cabauw originate from an inertial oscillation, which develops after sunset in a layer decoupled from the surface by stable stratification. The data are classified to different types of stable boundary layers by using the geostrophic wind speed and the isothermal net radiative cooling as classification parameters. For each of these classes, LLJ characteristics like frequency of occurrence, height above ground level, and the turning of the wind vector across the boundary layer are determined. It is found that LLJs occur in about 20% of the nights, are typically situated at 140–260 m above ground level, and have a speed of 6–10 m s−1. Development of a substantial LLJ is most likely to occur for moderate geostrophic forcing and a high radiative cooling. A comparison with the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) is added to illustrate how the results can be used to evaluate the performance of atmospheric models.
Urban Flow and Dispersion Simulation Using a CFD Model Coupled to a Mesoscale Model
Authors: Baik Jong-Jin , Park Seung-Bu , Kim Jae-Jin 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Flow and pollutant dispersion in a densely built-up area of Seoul, Korea, are numerically examined using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model coupled to a mesoscale model [fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5)]. The CFD model used is a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations model with the renormalization group k − ɛ turbulence model. A one-way nesting method is employed in this study. MM5-simulated data are linearly interpolated in time and space to provide time-dependent boundary conditions for the CFD model integration. In the MM5 simulation, four one-way nested computational domains are considered, and the innermost domain with a horizontal grid size of 1 km covers the Seoul metropolitan area and its adjacent areas, including a part of the Yellow Sea. The NCEP final analysis data are used as initial and boundary conditions for MM5. MM5 is integrated for 48 h starting from 0300 LST 1 June 2004 and the coupled CFD–MM5 model is integrated for 24 h starting from 0300 LST 2 June 2004. During the two-day period, a high-pressure system was dominant over the Korean peninsula, with clear conditions and weak synoptic winds. MM5 simulates local circulations characterized by sea breezes and mountain/valley winds. MM5-simulated synoptic weather and near-surface temperatures and winds are well matched with the observed ones. Results from the coupled CFD–MM5 model simulation show that the flow in the presence of real building clusters can change significantly as the ambient wind speed and direction change. Diurnally varying local circulations mainly cause changes in ambient wind speed and direction in the present simulation. Some characteristic flows—such as the double-eddy circulation, channeling flow, and vertical recirculation vortex—are simulated. Pollutant dispersion pattern and the degree of lateral pollutant dispersion are shown to be complicated in the presence of real building clusters and under varying ambient wind speed and direction. This study suggests that because of the sensitive dependency of urban flow and pollutant dispersion on variations in ambient wind, time-dependent boundary conditions should be used to better simulate or predict them when the ambient wind varies over the period of CFD model simulation.