bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oversampling generates super-wavelets
Authors: Dutkay Dorin , Jorgensen Palle 
Published: March 2007

We show that the second oversampling theorem for affine systems generates super-wavelets. These are frames generated by an affine structure on the space

L
2

(

R

d

)
⊕
.
.
.
⊕

L
2

(

R

d

)

⏟

p

times

\underbrace {L^2(\mathbb {R}^d) \oplus ...\oplus L^2(\mathbb {R}^d)}_{p\ \mbox {times}}

.
Analytic contractions, nontangential limits, and the index of invariant subspaces
Authors: Aleman Alexandru , Richter Stefan , Sundberg Carl 
Published: March 2007

Let

H

\mathcal {H}

be a Hilbert space of analytic functions on the open unit disc

D

\mathbb {D}

such that the operator

M

ζ

M_{\zeta }

of multiplication with the identity function

ζ
\zeta

defines a contraction operator. In terms of the reproducing kernel for

H

\mathcal {H}

we will characterize the largest set

Δ
(

H

)
⊆
∂

D

\Delta (\mathcal {H}) \subseteq \partial \mathbb {D}

such that for each

f
,
g
∈

H

f, g \in \mathcal {H}

,

g
≠
0

g \ne 0

the meromorphic function

f

/

g

f/g

has nontangential limits a.e. on

Δ
(

H

)

\Delta (\mathcal {H})

. We will see that the question of whether or not

Δ
(

H

)

\Delta (\mathcal {H})

has linear Lebesgue measure 0 is related to questions concerning the invariant subspace structure of

M

ζ

M_{\zeta }

. We further associate with

H

\mathcal {H}

a second set

Σ
(

H

)
⊆
∂

D

\Sigma (\mathcal {H}) \subseteq \partial \mathbb {D}

, which is defined in terms of the norm on

H

\mathcal {H}

. For example,

Σ
(

H

)

\Sigma (\mathcal {H})

has the property that

|

|

ζ

n

f

|

|

→
0

||\zeta ^{n}f|| \to 0

for all

f
∈

H

f \in \mathcal {H}

if and only if

Σ
(

H

)

\Sigma (\mathcal {H})

has linear Lebesgue measure 0. It turns out that

Δ
(

H

)
⊆
Σ
(

H

)

\Delta (\mathcal {H}) \subseteq \Sigma (\mathcal {H})

a.e., by which we mean that

Δ
(

H

)
∖
Σ
(

H

)

\Delta (\mathcal {H}) \setminus \Sigma (\mathcal {H})

has linear Lebesgue measure 0. We will study conditions that imply that

Δ
(

H

)
=
Σ
(

H

)

\Delta (\mathcal {H}) = \Sigma (\mathcal {H})

a.e.. As one corollary to our results we will show that if dim

H

/

ζ

H

=
1

\mathcal {H}/\zeta \mathcal {H} =1

and if there is a

c
>
0

c>0

such that for all

f
∈

H

f \in \mathcal {H}

and all

λ
∈

D

\lambda \in \mathbb {D}

we have

|

|

ζ
−
λ

1
−

λ
¯

ζ

f

|

|

≥
c

|

|

f

|

|

||\frac {\zeta -\lambda }{1-\overline {\lambda }\zeta }f||\ge c||f||

, then

Δ
(

H

)
=
Σ
(

H

)

\Delta (\mathcal {H}) =\Sigma (\mathcal {H})

a.e. and the following four conditions are equivalent: (1)

|

|

ζ

n

f

|

|

↛
0

||\zeta ^{n} f||\nrightarrow 0

for some

f
∈

H

f \in \mathcal {H}

, (2)

|

|

ζ

n

f

|

|

↛
0

||\zeta ^{n} f||\nrightarrow 0

for all

f
∈

H

f \in \mathcal {H}

,

f
≠
0

f \ne 0

, (3)

Δ
(

H

)

\Delta (\mathcal {H})

has nonzero Lebesgue measure, (4) every nonzero invariant subspace

M

\mathcal {M}

of

M

ζ

M_{\zeta }

has index 1, i.e., satisfies dim

M

/

ζ

M

=
1

\mathcal {M}/\zeta \mathcal {M} =1

.
Correlates of partial tooth loss and edentulism in the Brazilian elderly
Authors: Hugo Fernando Neves , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot , De Sousa Maria da Luz Rosário , Da Silva Débora Dias , Pucca Gilberto Alfredo 
Published: March 2007

Abstract –  Background:  In South American older adults the association between tooth loss and demographic, predisposing and enabling factors has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between partial and complete tooth loss and demographic, predisposing, enabling and need factors, and quality of life variables in the Brazilian older adults.Methods:  In this cross‐sectional study, 5349 subjects aged 65–74 years were evaluated using conglomerate random sampling. Data collection included dental examinations and questionnaires evaluating demographic, predisposing, enabling and need factors, and quality of life variables. Multinomial logistic regression was carried out to evaluate correlates of tooth loss. The number of teeth was set as the outcome and categorized as: edentulous, subjects with 1–19 teeth, and subjects with 20 or more teeth.Results:  Predisposing factors including age, female gender and schooling were independently associated with edentulism. Female gender was associated with partial tooth loss. The only enabling factor associated with edentulism was car ownership. Need factors were associated with edentulism and partial tooth loss. Edentulous subjects perceived the need for dental treatment less frequently. Quality of life factors were associated with partial tooth loss and edentulism. Subjects with 1–19 teeth and edentulous subjects were more likely to rate their chewing ability as not good. Edentulous subjects were more likely to rate their speech ability and their dental appearance as good.Conclusions:  The results indicate that tooth loss and edentulism were complex phenomena, with intricate predisposing, demographic, enabling and need factors playing a role.
Nifedipine and cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: CASSON W. R. , JONES R. M. , PARSONS R. S. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe management of the period after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass has been compared in a group of patients maintained on nifedipine therapy, a group who had the drug withdrawn at least 24 hours prior to cardiac surgery, and a control group who had never received calcium antagonists. Patients in the drug withdrawal group were significantly more likely to need vasodilator intervention than the treated (p < 0.001) or the control (p < 0.05) groups. Although nifedipine withdrawal appeared to reduce the need for inotropic support, compared to treated (p <0.001) and control groups (p <0.005), this may be at the cost of increasing systemic vascular resistance. This observation, coupled with reports of a rebound phenomenon following abrupt withdrawal of calcium antagonist therapy, suggests that nifedipine should be continued up to the time of surgery.
Comparison of atropine and glycopyrronium in patients with pre‐existing cardiac disease
Authors: MOSTAFA S. M. , VUCEVIC M. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe effects of atropine and glycopyrronium, when given intravenously with neostigmine during the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in patients with cardiovascular disease, were compared in a double blind trial. Atropine was associated with a significantly greater elevation of heart rate and rate‐pressure product than glycopyrronium. This elevation was also more sustained with atropine. The entire atropine population also showed a significantly greater incidence of ST‐segment depression on the electrocardiogram than that observed in those who had received glycopyrronium. Furthermore, patients with ischaemic heart disease and previous myocardial infarction who received atropine showed a significantly greater incidence of dysrhythmias than those given glycopyrronium. It is suggested that at the time of reversal of neuromuscular blockade in patients with cardiovascular disease, glycopyrronium is a more suitable agent than atropine.
The cerebral function analysing monitor Initial clinical experience, application and further development
Authors: MAYNARD D. E. , JENKINSON J. L. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe cerebral function analysing monitor is a development of the cerebral function monitor. It produces a more detailed analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) amplitude and analyses the frequency of the waveforms into standardbeta, alpha, thetaanddeltabands. It can analyse the EEG from two input channels, produce traces of the standard EEG, and compute visual, auditory, somato sensory and brain stem evoked potentials.
Anasthetic management of congenital fusion of the jaws in a neonate
Authors: SERAJ M. A. , YOUSIF M. , CHANNA A. B. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryFusion of the jaws in the neonate is a very rare congential anomaly which may be associated with other congenital defects such as aglossia, facial hemiatrophy or retrognathia. Ventilatory management for surgical separation of the fused jaws presents severe problems. In a recent case of a neonate with almost completely fused jaws requiring general anasthesia, we used subanasthetic doses of ketamine in combination with un insufflation technique. It took 45 minutes to reach the surgical stage of anasthesia due to misplacement of the nasotracheal tube through an unsuspected cleft palate towards a gap between the jaws, a previously unreported combination of complications.
A double‐blind comparison of nefopam and placebo used as a prernedication in children
Authors: Wilkinson P.A. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryForty‐two children received either nefopam or a maiched placebo as oral premedication in a double‐blind trial. Nefopam performed no better than placebo as a prernedication and as postoperative analgesic. Its use is not recommended in paediatric anasthesia because of a significanily high incidence of vomiting on awakening.
Intravenous premedication with diazepam
Authors: MATTILA M. A. K. , SUISTOMAA M. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryTwo preparations of diazepam, Valium Roche mixed Micelles and Diazemuls, were compared as intravenous premedicants in 119 patients undergoing minor gynaecological surgery. There were no differences between the formulations with regard to anxiolytic effects and systemic tolerance. There were no symptoms typical of thrombophlebitis in the Valium Roche Mixed‐Micelles group and only one case in the Diazemuls group. Acute local tolerance was similar with both trial drugs and superior to conventional diazepam preparations. Based on the favourable results of the present study it can be concluded that such vehicles should be considered for any injectable preparation with a known tendency to produce venous irritation.
Atracurium in the myasthenic patient
Authors: BELL C. F. , FLORENCE A. M. , HUNTER J. M. , JONES R. S. , UTTING J. E. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe use of the new competitive muscle relaxant, atracurium, is described in five myasthenic patients presenting for thymectomy. With an initial dose of 0.1 mg/kg, that is approximately one‐fifth of that normally used, and incremental doses of 0.02–0.04 mg/kg, satisfactory clinical conditions were achieved. Neuromuscular function was monitored throughout using the train‐of‐four mechanical twitch response, and residual neuromuscular blockade was reversed satisfactorily at the end of the procedure with neo‐stigmine 5.0 mg. A marked increase in the magnitude of the first twitch of the train‐of‐four to greater than control levels, accompanied by pronounced fade. was found on reversal. In reduced dosage and with careful neuromuscular monitoring, atracurium is safe to use in the myasthenic patient.
The effect of labour and epidural analgesia on pain threshold
Authors: SENGUPTA P. , NIELSEN M. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryPain thresholds were measured using forehead pressure in 30 women before amniotomy and then during labour up to the point of their requesting analgesia. Measurements continued subsequently only in those having epidural analgesia alone. No significant change in pain threshold was seen in any patient up to the administration of analgesia, nor thereafter in the ten patients having epidurals. This study fails to confirm previous reports in animals of significant rises in pain threshold during parturition. It calls into question the view that previously reported changes in plasma endorphin levels may be associated with altered pain thresholds.
Choice of calcium salt
Authors: HEINING M. P. D. , BAND D. M. , LINTON R. A. F. 
Published: March 2007

Summary Equimolar quantities of calcium chloride and calcium gluconate produced similar changes in plasma ionised calcium concentration when injected intravenously into anaesthetised ferrets or when added to human blood in vitro. In vivo changes were followed with a calcium electrode positioned in the animal's aorta, and this showed that the ionisation of calcium gluconate on its first pass through the circulation is as great as that of calcium chloride. This does not support the common suggestion that calcium chloride is preferable to calcium gluconate because of its greater ionisation.
Difficult tracheal intubation in obstetrics
Authors: CORMACK R. S. , LEHANE J. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryDifficult intubation has been classified into four grades, according to the view obtainable at laryngoscopy. Frequency analysis suggests that, in obstetrics, the main cause of trouble is grade 3, in which the epiglottis can be seen, but not the cords. This group is fairly rare so that a proportion of anaesthetists will not meet the problem in their first few years and may thus be unprepared for it in obstetrics. However the problem can be simulated in routine anaesthesia, so that a drill for managing it can be practised. Laryngoscopy is carried out as usual, then the blade is lowered so that the epiglottis descends and hides the cords. Intubation has to be done blind, using the Macintosh method. This can be helpful as part of the training before starting in the maternity department, supplementing the Aberdeen drill.
Low carbohydrate–high protein diet and mortality in a cohort of Swedish women
Authors: Lagiou P. , Sandin S. , Weiderpass E. , Lagiou A. , Mucci L. , Trichopoulos D. , Adami H.‐O. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract.Objective.  The long‐term health consequences of diets used for weight control are not established. We have evaluated the association of the frequently recommended low carbohydrate diets – usually characterized by concomitant increase in protein intake – with long‐term mortality.Design.  The Women's Lifestyle and Health cohort study initiated in Sweden during 1991–1992, with a 12‐year almost complete follow up.Setting.  The Uppsala Health Care Region.Subjects.  42 237 women, 30–49 years old at baseline, volunteers from a random sample, who completed an extensive questionnaire and were traced through linkages to national registries until 2003.Main Outcome Measures.  We evaluated the association of mortality with: decreasing carbohydrate intake (in deciles); increasing protein intake (in deciles) and an additive combination of these variables (low carbohydrate–high protein score from 2 to 20), in Cox models controlling for energy intake, saturated fat intake and several nondietary covariates.Results.  Decreasing carbohydrate or increasing protein intake by one decile were associated with increase in total mortality by 6% (95% CI: 0–12%) and 2% (95% CI: −1 to 5%), respectively. For cardiovascular mortality, amongst women 40–49 years old at enrolment, the corresponding increases were, respectively, 13% (95% CI: −4 to 32%) and 16% (95% CI: 5–29%), with the additive score being even more predictive.Conclusions.  A diet characterized by low carbohydrate and high protein intake was associated with increased total and particularly cardiovascular mortality amongst women. Vigilance with respect to long‐term adherence to such weight control regimes is advisable.
Impact of MK886 on Eosinophil Counts and Phenotypic Features in Toxocariasis
Authors: Anibal F. F. , Rogerio A. P. , Malheiro A. , Machado E. R. , Martins‐Filho O. A. , Andrade M. C. , Soares E. G. , Medeiros A. I. , Faccioli L. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExperimental toxocariasis was used as a model of eosinophil migration. Mice inoculated with 200Toxocara caniseggs were treated with the leukotriene inhibitor MK886 (1 mg/kg/day). Eosinophils were counted in peripheral blood (PB), peritoneal cavity (PC) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples on post‐infection days 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36. Eosinophil expression of Mac‐1 and VLA‐4 was analysed in PB and PC samples. We found thatT. canisinfection induced systemic eosinophilia from post‐infection day 3, peaking on days 6, 12 and 24 in PB, PC and BALF samples respectively. Eosinophilia was more pronounced in PB and PC samples than in BALF samples, and MK886 downregulated eosinophilia to varying degrees in the different sample types. In PB and PC samples,T. canisinfection caused early upregulation of Mac‐1 with late changes in the VLA‐4 profile, whereas MK886 had opposite effects. The distinct time‐dependent eosinophilia peaks and differential involvement of leukotrienes in integrin expression demonstrate that, despite the systemic eosinophilia triggered byT. canisinfection, inflammatory responses vary by compartment.
Transgenic expression of HLA‐E single chain trimer protects porcine endothelial cells against human natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity
Authors: Lilienfeld Benjamin G. , Crew Mark D. , Forte Pietro , Baumann Bettina C. , Seebach Jörg D. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract:  Background:  The susceptibility of porcine endothelial cells (pEC) to human natural killer (NK) cells is related to the failure of human major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐specific killer inhibitory receptors to recognize porcine MHC class I molecules. The aims of this study were (i) to assess the protection of pEC against xenogeneic NK‐mediated cytotoxicity afforded by the stable expression of HLA‐E single chain trimers (SCT) composed of a canonical HLA‐E binding peptide antigen, VMAPRTLIL, the mature human β2‐microglobulin, and the mature HLA‐E heavy chain, and (ii) to test whether HLA‐E expression on pEC and porcine lymphoblastoid cells affects the adhesion of human NK cells.Methods:  Porcine EC lines expressing different levels of HLA‐E SCT were generated by Ca2PO4‐transfection followed by limiting dilution cloning. Surface expression of HLA‐E was measured by flow cytometry. Susceptibility of transfected pEC lines against human NK cells was tested in 51Cr‐release cytotoxicity assays. Interactions between human NK cells and HLA‐E positive pEC or porcine lymphoblastoid cells were further addressed in adhesion and conjugation assays.Results:  The level of protection of pEC from human NK‐mediated cytotoxicity correlated with the intensity of surface HLA‐E expression. Furthermore, the HLA‐E SCT‐mediated protection was specifically reversed by blocking the HLA‐E specific NK inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2A. HLA‐E expression does neither affect the adhesion of human NK cells to pEC nor the heteroconjugate formation between human NK and porcine 13271.10 cells.Conclusions:  Stable surface expression of HLA‐E on pEC was achieved in the absence of extrinsic peptide pulsing and provided partial protection from human NK cytotoxicity. Though insufficient to inhibit xenogeneic NK cell reactivity completely, transgenic HLA‐E expression on pig organs might contribute to a successful application of clinical xenotransplantation in combination with other protective strategies.
Histopathological findings in the gastrointestinal tract of primate recipients of porcine renal xenografts following different immunosuppressive regimens
Authors: Cavicchioli Laura , De Zan Gabrita , Zappulli Valentina , Cadrobbi Roberto , Dedja Arben , Hutabba Samir , Ravarotto Licia , Cozzi Emanuele , Ancona Ermanno , Castagnaro Massimo 
Published: March 2007

Abstract: Background: Cyclophosphamide (CYP) and methotrexate (MTX) have been used as immunosuppressants in induction or maintenance protocols in a large variety of xenotransplantation models. Combining the use of transgenic porcine organs expressing human decay‐accelerating factor (hDAF) with immunosuppressive therapy that included the use of CYP or MTX, survival of primate recipients of life‐supporting renal xenografts has been prolonged. However, both drugs can cause significant systemic toxicity and, in particular, gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. To date only limited data have been reported on the histopathological features deriving from the use of such agents in non‐human primates.Methods: Cyclophosphamide or MTX was used as part of the immunosuppressive regimen in 15 bilaterally nephrectomized non‐human primate (Macaca fascicularis) recipients of a life‐supporting hDAF porcine kidney. At post‐mortem, a detailed analysis of the GI tract in animals receiving either CYP or MTX was performed. Paraffin‐embedded sections of each portion of the GI tract were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). In some animals, additional investigations by immunohistochemistry (CD3, CD5, CD20, CD79αcy, lambda, and kappa light chains) and byin situhybridization for EBV encoded RNA (EBER) were undertaken.Results: The xenografted animals from the CYP group had a mean survival of 31 days (range: 0 to 90 days); animals from the MTX group survived a median of 14 days (range: 0 to 39 days). GI complications were the most frequent cause of euthanasia after renal failure. In CYP‐treated animals GI‐tract lesions were primarily characterized by diffuse, severe lymphoplasmocytic mucosal inflammatory infiltrate. Variable degrees of villi atrophy and fusion, gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and goblet cell hyperplasia were also observed. In MTX‐treated primates, findings were consistent with severe villi atrophy associated with mild‐to‐moderate disseminated lymphoplasmocytic infiltration.Conclusions: In conclusion, GI tract lesions are an early and consistent finding when CYP or MTX are used as induction agents in this model. The two compounds induce different types of GI tract damage, however, in agreement with their different mechanisms of action. Whilst CYP primarily determines inflammatory lesions, MTX leads to a degenerative type of damage. This study indicates that immunosuppressive drugs can cause severe GI tract damage in primate recipients of renal xenografts and may be responsible for life‐threatening lesions.
Nocturnal hypoglycaemia in Type 1 diabetic patients, assessed with continuous glucose monitoring: frequency, duration and associations
Authors: Wentholt I. M. E. , Maran A. , Masurel N. , Heine R. J. , Hoekstra J. B. L. , DeVries J. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAims  We quantified the occurrence and duration of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in individuals with Type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or multiple‐injection therapy (MIT) using a continuous subcutaneous glucose sensor.Methods  A microdialysis sensor was worn at home by 24 patients on CSII (mean HbA1c 7.8 ± 0.9%) and 33 patients on MIT (HbA1c 8.7 ± 1.3%) for 48 h. Occurrence and duration of nocturnal hypoglycaemia were assessed and using multivariate regression analysis, the association between HbA1c, diabetes duration, treatment type (CSII vs. MIT), fasting and bedtime blood glucose values, total daily insulin dose and mean nocturnal glucose concentrations, and hypoglycaemia occurrence and duration was investigated.Results  Nocturnal hypoglycaemia ≤ 3.9 mmol/l occurred in 33.3% of both the CSII‐ (8/24) and MIT‐treated patients (11/33). Mean (± sd; median, interquartile range) duration of hypoglycaemia ≤ 3.9 mmol/l was 78 (± 76; 57, 23–120) min per night for the CSII‐ and 98 (± 80; 81, 32–158) min per night for the MIT‐treated group. Multivariate regression analysis showed that bedtime glucose value had the strongest association with the occurrence (P = 0.026) and duration (P = 0.032) of nocturnal hypoglycaemia.Conclusions  Microdialysis continuous glucose monitoring has enabled more precise quantification of nocturnal hypoglycaemia occurrence and duration in Type 1 diabetic patients. Occurrence and duration of nocturnal hypoglycaemia were mainly associated with bedtime glucose value.