bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the ergogenic potential of noni juice
Authors: Ma De‐lu , West Brett J. , Su Chen X. , Gao Jian‐hua , Liu Tin‐zhong , Liu Yu‐Wen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMorinda citrifolia (noni) fruit juice is an increasingly popular health food with many reported benefits, such as antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Traditionally, noni fruit was used by Polynesians to combat fatigue. Also, clinical studies have revealed that noni juice consumption improves quality of life scores related to physical functioning and energy levels. To further evaluate the ergogenic (antifatigue and endurance promoting) potential of noni juice, aged mice were pretreated orally with increasing doses (10, 20 and 40 mL/kg body weight) of Tahitian Noni® Juice (TNJ) and then compared with young and aged controls in the forced swim test and rotarod test. The average times of all TNJ dose groups were significantly longer than the aged controls in both the swim test (36% to 45%) and the rotarod test (59% to 128%), and were similar to those of the young controls. This demonstrates not only an improvement in endurance but also in balance and flexibility. These results confirm the reported use of noni juice to combat fatigue, improve endurance and increase overall physical performance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroprotective mechanisms of ayurvedic antidementia botanical Bacopa monniera
Authors: Dhanasekaran Muralikrishnan , Tharakan Binu , Holcomb Leigh A. , Hitt Angie R. , Young Keith A. , Manyam Bala V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dementia. Bacopa monniera is described in the Ayurvedic Materia Medica, as a therapeutically useful herb for the treatment of cognitive impairment, thus supporting its possible anti‐Alzheimer's properties. Our studies have shown that Bacopa monniera reduces beta‐amyloid deposits in the brain of an Alzheimer's disease animal model. The objective of this study was to establish the presence of endogenous substances in Bacopa monniera extract (BmE) that will impact components of the oxidative stress cascade such as the reduction of divalent metals, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, alterations of lipoxygenase activity and hydrogen peroxide‐induced lipid peroxidation. The extract contained polyphenols and sulfhydryl contents suggestive of endogenous antioxidant activity. The results demonstrated that BmE reduced divalent metals, dose‐dependently scavenged reactive oxygen species, decreased the formation of lipid peroxides and inhibited lipoxygenase activity. These data combined with our previous studies that have shown that BmE treatment reduces beta‐amyloid levels in the brain of an Alzheimer's disease doubly transgenic mouse model of rapid amyloid deposition (PSAPP mice) suggesting mechanisms of action relevant to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoglycemic effects of Ganoderma applanatum and Collybia confluens exo‐polymers in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Yang Byung‐Keun , Jung Yu‐Sun , Song Chi‐Hyun 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe hypoglycemic effects of Ganoderma applanatum exo‐polymer (GAE) and Collybia confluens exo‐polymer (CCE) produced by submerged mycelial cultures in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats were investigated. Hypoglycemic effects were achieved in both the GAE‐ and CCE‐treated groups by administration at a level of 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) daily for 3 weeks. The administration of GAE and CCE substantially reduced the plasma glucose levels by as much as 22.0% and 25.9%, respectively, when compared with the control group. The GAE and CCE also lowered the plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels by 20.3% and 22.5%, and by 22.7% and 25.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) was decreased by 23.2% and 20.7% in the GAE‐treated group, and it was also reduced by 28.7% and 23.6% in the CCE‐treated group. The results strongly demonstrate the potential of GAE and CCE in combating diabetes in experimental animals. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing a cumulus parametrization with a cumulus ensemble model in weak‐temperature‐gradient mode
Authors: Raymond D. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper prototypes a method for calibrating a cumulus parametrization against a cumulus ensemble model. The key to this technique is to run the cumulus model and the parametrization in identical ‘test cells’ that provide forcing typical of that seen over tropical oceans. In particular, the mean temperature profile is relaxed to a reference profile that is assumed to be characteristic of the environment of the convection. This is done by calculating the mean vertical velocity needed to balance heating due to convection, latent‐heat release, and radiation with adiabatic cooling. This ‘weak‐temperature‐gradient’ vertical‐velocity profile is then used to advect moisture vertically and, via mass continuity, through the sides of the test cell, entraining reference‐profile air as needed.As an example, a toy cumulus parametrization used previously is altered to reproduce the dependence of rainfall rate on surface wind speed shown by the cumulus ensemble model. This alteration greatly changes the behaviour of simulated large‐scale disturbances in an aquaplanet equatorial beta‐plane model. In particular, increasing the slope of the curve of rainfall rate against wind speed results in the development of much greater synoptic‐scale variance. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Static virtualization of C source code
Authors: Jansen Sam , McGregor Anthony 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMany existing systems are written in C and are not re‐entrant or thread safe. Sometimes these systems are required in a context for which they were not first designed, possibly meaning they now need to be re‐entrant. This article introduces a program that filters C source code, modifying shared resources (the global variables) to make the code re‐entrant: ‘virtualizing’ the code. The code is then compiled as normal. This approach allows programmatic virtualization with little cost at runtime. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Schönwasserparkbrücke: Untersuchungen zur thermischen Beanspruchung von SPS beim Einbau bituminöser Fahrbahnbeläge
Authors: Friedrich Heinz 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn der Schönwasserparkbrücke im Zuge der BAB 57 bei Krefeld erfolgte die Pilotanwendung des Sandwich‐Platten‐Systems (SPS) als Instandsetzungsmaßnahme im Straßenbrückenbau. Das gesamte Projekt wurde von der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt) fachtechnisch betreut. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden die Untersuchungen zur thermischen Beanspruchung von SPS beim Einbau bituminöser Fahrbahnbeläge vorgestellt.
The tetrahydrobiopterin loading test in 36 patients with hyperphenylalaninaemia: Evaluation of response and subsequent treatment
Authors: Bóveda M. D. , Couce M. L. , Castiñeiras D. E. , Cocho J. A. , Pérez B. , Ugarte M. , Fraga J. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe response to tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in patients with phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH, EC 1.14.16.1) deficiency (OMIM 261600) has been widely reported. Here we report results of the BH4 loading test (20 mg/kg per day) in a group of 36 patients with PAH deficiency and phenotype of mild hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA), mild phenylketonuria (PKU) or classic PKU. The patients ranged from neonates aged 7–15 days, detected in the Newborn Screening Programme for PKU in the population of Galicia (NW Spain), to adults aged up to 32 years who had been receiving a low‐phenylalanine (Phe) diet for a period of years. Ten of the 36 patients showed a reduction of more than 30% in plasma Phe levels within 24 h of BH4 loading (ranging from 33.7% to 90.2%, mean 59.2%, SD 19.8%). All the patients with mild HPA (100%) showed a positive response; 57% of patients with mild PKU (4 of 7) showed a positive response. Of particular interest were positive responses in two patients with classic PKU, and in one patient with mutations of the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene that have not to date been reported to be BH4‐responsive (p.S303A and p.G46S). BH4 treatment (5–8 mg/kg per day) was commenced in 9 of the 10 BH4‐responsive patients. The observed responses to treatment argue for application of the BH4 loading test in all patients with HPA or PKU, independently of genotype, phenotype or age.
Detection of transaldolase deficiency by quantification of novel seven‐carbon chain carbohydrate biomarkers in urine
Authors: Wamelink M. M. , Smith D. E. , Jansen E. E. , Verhoeven N. M. , Struys E. A. , Jakobs C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTransaldolase deficiency, a recently discovered disorder of carbohydrate metabolism with multisystem involvement, has been diagnosed in 6 patients. Affected patients have abnormal concentrations of polyols in body fluids and in all patients we have previously found increased amounts of a seven‐carbon chain carbohydrate which we suspected of being sedoheptulose. We report development of a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitation of the seven‐carbon carbohydrates sedoheptulose and mannoheptulose in urine. Additionally, other seven‐carbon chain carbohydrates were characterized in urine, including sedoheptitol, perseitol and sedoheptulose 7‐phosphate. Transaldolase‐deficient patients had significantly increased urinary sedoheptulose and sedoheptulose 7‐phosphate, associated with subtle elevations of mannoheptulose, sedoheptitol and perseitol. Our findings reveal novel urinary biomarkers for identification of transaldolase deficiency.
Effect of testosterone metabolites on ABC half‐transporter relative gene expression in X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Petroni A. , Cappa M. , Carissimi R. , Blasevich M. , Uziel G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryX‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder associated with reduced very long‐chain fatty acid β‐oxidation, mainly affecting the nervous system, the adrenal cortex and the testes. The clinical manifestations of hypogonadism, alopecia and the impairment of the enzyme 5α‐reductase, which converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, clearly point to an involvement of androgens in this pathology. The disease is characterized by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, which codes for the peroxisomal ABC half‐transporter ALDP, and by a broad range of clinical manifestations. The altered function of ALDP can be compensated by the overexpression of proteins belonging to the same family of ABC half‐transporters. A promising therapeutic approach is represented by the activation of these proteins by specific agonists. In this study we evaluated the effect of the testosterone metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5α‐androstan‐3α,17β‐diol (3α‐diol) on the expression of the ABC half‐transporters encoded by the ABCD2 and ABCD3 genes, in fibroblasts drawn from controls and from two affected brothers. The two patients presented the same mutation in exon 9 but had different clinical manifestations, one patient being asymptomatic and the second one severely affected. When the cells were stimulated with testosterone metabolites, only the severely affected patient showed a significant increase in ABCD2 mRNA levels, while the ABCD3 expression remained unchanged in both patients.
Industrial validation of fourier transform infrared trans and lodine value analyses of fats and oils
Authors: Sedman J. , van de Voort F. R. , Ismail A. A. , Maes P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) edible oil analysis package designed to simultaneously analyze for trans content, cis content, iodine value (IV), and saponification number (SN) of neat fats and oils by using calibrations based on pure triglycerides and derived by application of partial‐least‐squares (PLS) regression was assessed and validated. More than 100 hydrogenated rapeseed and soybean samples were analyzed by using the edible oil analysis package as well as the newly proposed modification of the AOCS IR trans method with trielaidin in a trans‐free oil as a basis for calibration. In addition, ∼1/3 of the samples were subsequently reanalyzed by gas chromatography (GC) for IV and trans content. The PLS approach predicted somewhat higher trans values than the modified AOCS IR method, which was traced to a combination of the inclusion of trilinolelaidin in the calibration set and the effects of baseline fluctuations. Eliminating trilinolelaidin from the triglyceride standards and the use of second‐derivative spectra to remove baseline fluctuations produced excellent concurrence between the PLS and modified AOCS IR methods (mean difference of 0.61% trans). Excellent internal consistency was obtained between the IV and cis and trans data provided by the edible oil analysis package, and the relationship was close to that theoretically expected [IV=0.86 (cis + trans)]. The IV data calculated for the GC‐analyzed samples matched the PLS IV predictions within 1 IV unit. The trans results obtained by both IR methods were linearly related to the GC data; however, as is commonly observed, the GC values were significantly lower than the IR values, the GC and IR data being related by a slope factor of ∼0.88, with an SD of ∼0.80. The concurrence between the trans data obtained by the two FTIR methods, and between the FTIR and GC‐IV data, as well as the internal consistency of the IV, cis and trans FTIR predictions, provides strong experimental evidence that the edible oil analytical package measures all three variables accurately.
Fatty acid composition, extraction, fractionation, and stabilization of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) oil
Authors: Méndez Eduardo , Sanhueza Julio , Nieto Susana , Speisky Hernán , Valenzuela Alfonso 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe oil extracted from the fat‐storage organ (fat body) of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) was characterized for its fatty acid composition. The main fatty acids were palmitic (18.1%), stearic (4.1%), myristic (2.7%), oleic (31.7%), and linoleic (12.9%) acids. Long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were also present in significant amounts, i.e., eicosapentaenoic (1.5%) and docosahexaenoic (4.7%), and were probably derived from the fish meal content of the diet. A partially fractionated oil was extracted from the homogenized and frozen fat body with an oleic acid content of 43.2%. The natural alkaloid boldine, added at 0.5 mg/g oil level, improved the oxidative stability by a factor ranging from 1.7 to 2.4, as assessed by the Oil Stability Index method between 90 and 110°C. The stabilization effect of boldine was higher than that of naringenin, morin, and quercitin and for the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene at the same concentration level.
Pathologic evaluation of uterine leiomyoma treated with radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Luo Xin , Shen Yuan , Song Wen‐Xia , Chen Pei‐wen , Xie Xing‐mei , Wang Xiao‐yu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective: To explore the mechanism by which radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treats uterine leiomyoma by observing the features of the lesions caused by RFA to leiomyoma tissue. Methods: Specimens from treated lesions were observed after hysterectomy was performed immediately (acute test) or on the third day (chronic test) following treatment in 2 groups of 30 patients. Histopathologic studies were also performed for all specimens, with untreated specimens as controls. Results: For the acute and chronic tests, specimens from the RFA‐treated lesions included the center segment (group 1); the marginal segment (group 2); the segment 1‐cm away from the margin (group 3); and the segment 2‐cm away from the margin (group 4). In the acute test, group 1 showed a sharply demarcated area of coagulative necrosis that did not express estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR); group 2 showed a severe hydropic degeneration or necrosis; and group 3 showed regular leiomyoma cells. The expression of ER and PR was significantly less in groups 2 and 3 than in the control group (P < 0.05), but ER and PR expression in group 4, which had normal leiomyoma cells, was the same as in the control group (P > 0.05). In the chronic test, group 1 showed carbonization and coagulation necrosis without ER or PR expression. There was severe hemorrhage and thrombosis in group 2; hyaline degeneration and tissue granulation in group 3; and mild degeneration in group 4. The expression of ER and PR was significantly lower in groups 2, 3, and 4 than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Radiofrequency ablation might treat uterine leiomyomas by inducing coagulative necrosis and depressing ER and PR expression.
Virgil the Grammarian and Bede: a preliminary study
Authors: Bracken Damian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe chapters in Bede's De temporum ratione begin with an etymology for the name of the subject to be examined. Sources and analogues for some have not hitherto been identified. This article shows that some of these etymologies of words for the divisions of time come ultimately, though perhaps not directly, from bk XI of Virgil the Grammarian's Epitomae. These accounts of the origins of calendrical and cosmological terms wound their way through early western computistical works and eventually into Bede's De temporum ratione. The article identifies examples of Virgil's influence on anonymous early medieval biblical commentaries and discusses their significance as pointers towards their place of composition.
Mycobacteria causing human cervical lymphadenitis in pastoral communities in the Karamoja region of Uganda
Authors: OLOYA J. , OPUDA-ASIBO J. , KAZWALA R. , DEMELASH A. B. , SKJERVE E. , LUND A. , JOHANSEN T. B. , DJONNE B. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYMycobacteria from lymph node biopsies of patients with cervical lymphadenitis reporting for tuberculosis treatment in Matany and Moroto Hospitals in the transhumant areas of Karamoja, Uganda were isolated and characterized. The AccuProbe®culture identification kits forMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex (MTC),M. aviumcomplex (MAC) andM. aviumwere used to identify the isolates. Spoligotyping, IS901PCR and IS1311and IS1245restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to characterize the isolates. Of the 43 biopsies, tenM. avium, sevenM. tuberculosis, threeM. bovis, and twoM. intracellularewere isolated. Two isolates could not be identified with AccuProbe®and from 19 samples no mycobacteria could be isolated. Three isolates with the Beijing spoligotype were identified from the sevenM. tuberculosisisolates. The spoligopatterns of theM. bovisisolates had previously been detected in cattle in Uganda. Isolation of members of the MAC group reflects the complex interaction between the transhumant communities, water sources and their cattle. None of theM. aviumisolates harboured IS901, and all showed several bands on IS1311and IS1245RFLP, in accordance withM. aviumsubsp.hominissuis. Composite dendrograms of IS1311and IS1245RFLP showed that the isolates were similar and identical patterns were found. The isolation ofM. bovisconfirms the human infection with zoonotic mycobacteria in areas where consumption of raw milk and meat is routine. Isolation of environmental mycobacteria also confirms their increasing role in human disease and the occupational risk of infection in the transhumant ecosystem in the absence of safe drinking water and environmental contamination.
Trace metals in cyanobacterial mats, phytoplankton and sediments of the Lake Vanda region, Antarctica
Authors: Webster-Brown J.G. , Webster K.S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe degree and nature of association between trace metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Ag, & Cd) and cyanobacterial mats, phytoplankton and sediments has been assessed in the Lake Vanda region of the Wright Valley, Victoria Land. Trace metal:Fe ratios and SEM imaging confirmed that apparent trace metal enrichment in cyanobacterial mats, relative to the sediment beneath, was due to incorporation of fine (sub-micron) sediment particles in the muciligenous matrix of the mat. In suspended particulate material (SPM) filtered from the oxic water of Lake Vanda and the Onyx River, the degree of trace metal binding to the SPM did not appear to correlate with phytoplankton content. Instead a positive correlation was observed between Fe and trace metal content. The SPM at the top of the lake water column, where only the finest sediment remains suspended, had the highest trace metal concentrations. It is concluded that the trace metal content of cyanobacterial mats and phytoplankton samples is primarily due to incorporation of fine sediment particles of high surface area which therefore enhance trace metal adsorption capacity. This reinforces the existing hypothesis that trace metal solubility in this environment is primarily controlled by abiotic processes.
Relative sensitivity of soluble guanylate cyclase and mitochondrial respiration to endogenous nitric oxide at physiological oxygen concentration
Authors: Rodríguez-Juárez Félix , Aguirre Enara , Cadenas Susana 
Published: June 2007

Nitric oxide (NO) is a widespread biological messenger that has many physiological and pathophysiological roles. Most of the physiological actions of NO are mediated through the activation of sGC (soluble guanylate cyclase) and the subsequent production of cGMP. NO also binds to the binuclear centre of COX (cytochrome c oxidase) and inhibits mitochondrial respiration in competition with oxygen and in a reversible manner. Although sGC is more sensitive to endogenous NO than COX at atmospheric oxygen tension, the more relevant question is which enzyme is more sensitive at physiological oxygen concentration. Using a system in which NO is generated inside the cells in a finely controlled manner, we determined cGMP accumulation by immunoassay and mitochondrial oxygen consumption by high-resolution respirometry at 30 μM oxygen. In the present paper, we report that the NO EC50 of sGC was approx. 2.9 nM, whereas that required to achieve IC50 of respiration was 141 nM (the basal oxygen consumption in the absence of NO was 14±0.8 pmol of O2/s per 106 cells). In accordance with this, the NO–cGMP signalling transduction pathway was activated at lower NO concentrations than the AMPKs (AMP-activated protein kinase) pathway. We conclude that sGC is approx. 50-fold more sensitive than cellular respiration to endogenous NO under our experimental conditions. The implications of these results for cell physiology are discussed.
Proteasome-mediated CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ) degradation is ubiquitin-independent
Authors: Zhou Shanggen , DeWille James W. 
Published: June 2007

C/EBPδ (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ) is a member of the C/EBP family of nuclear proteins that function in the control of cell growth, survival, differentiation and apoptosis. We previously demonstrated that C/EBPδ gene transcription is highly induced in G0 growth-arrested mammary epithelial cells but the C/EBPδ protein exhibits a t1/2 of only ∼120 min. The goal of the present study was to investigate the role of C/EBPδ modification by ubiquitin and C/EBPδ proteasome-mediated degradation. Structural and mutational analyses demonstrate that an intact leucine zipper is required for C/EBPδ ubiquitination; however, the leucine zipper does not provide lysine residues for ubiquitin conjugation. C/EBPδ ubiquitination is not required for proteasome-mediated C/EBPδ degradation and the presence of ubiquitin does not increase C/EBPδ degradation by the proteasome. Instead, the leucine zipper stabilizes the C/EBPδ protein by forming homodimers that are poor substrates for proteasome degradation. To investigate the cellular conditions associated with C/EBPδ ubiquitination we treated G0 growth-arrested mammary epithelial cells with DNA-damage- and oxidative-stress-inducing agents and found that C/EBPδ ubiquitination is induced in response to H2O2. However, C/EBPδ protein stability is not influenced by H2O2 treatment. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that proteasome-mediated protein degradation of C/EBPδ is ubiquitin-independent.