bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced egg viability in codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) following adult exposure to novaluron
Authors: Gökçe Ayhan , Kim Soo‐Hoon S , Wise John C , Whalon Mark E 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), is one of the principal pests of pome fruits in the world. The effects of novaluron, a benzoylurea chitin synthesis inhibitor insecticide registered for use on apples in the USA, on fecundity and egg viability in codling moth were studied under laboratory conditions. Three different exposure methods were investigated: ingestion, contact and topical spray. Additionally, the duration of novaluron sublethal effects was measured subsequent to the three modes of exposure.RESULTS: The fecundity of codling moth adults was not significantly affected by novaluron with any of the exposure methods. However, novaluron did cause significant reductions in the proportion of egg hatch with all three exposure methods. The duration of sublethal effects was 9 days or more for all modes of exposure, but with the topical spray these effects began to diminish after 6 days.CONCLUSION: Novaluron does not affect fecundity in codling moth, but has significant sublethal activity by reducing egg viability subsequent to adult exposure. The topical, contact and ingestion exposures all induce sublethal effects after exposure, and these persist to various degrees throughout codling moth oviposition. A more complete understanding of novaluron's lethal and sublethal activities will help IPM practitioners optimize its use for management of the codling moth. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of glyphosate, crop volunteer and root pathogens on glyphosate‐resistant wheat under controlled environmental conditions
Authors: Baley George J , Campbell Kimberley G , Yenish Joseph , Kidwell Kimberlee K , Paulitz Timothy C 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The herbicide glyphosate has a synergistic effect on root disease because of increased susceptibility from reduced plant defenses resulting from the blockage of the shikimic acid pathway. Could glyphosate‐resistant (GR) wheat cultivars and glyphosate application in‐crop increase the risk of damage from soil‐borne pathogens? Growth chamber experiments were conducted with two GR wheat lines and their corresponding glyphosate‐sensitive (GS) parents and four pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn R. oryzae Ryker & Gooch, Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) v. Arx & J. Olivier var. tritici J. Walker and Pythium ultimum Trow). Treatments consisted of different herbicide timings and planting of crop volunteer to mimic management practices in the field.RESULTS: GR cultivars were not inherently more susceptible to root pathogens than GS cultivars, and application of glyphosate did not increase root disease. When crop volunteer was grown in close proximity to GR cultivars, the timing of glyphosate application had a profound effect. In general, the longer the crop volunteer was left before killing with glyphosate, the greater was the competitive effect on the planted crop. Both R. solani and G. graminis var. tritici reduced plant height, number of tillers and root length of the GR cultivars in the presence of crop volunteer with glyphosate application.CONCLUSION: To minimize the damaging effects of these pathogens, producers should apply glyphosate at least 2–3 weeks before planting GR wheat, as currently advised for GS cereals. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The relationship between corporate social responsibility and shareholder value: an empirical test of the risk management hypothesis
Authors: Godfrey Paul C. , Merrill Craig B. , Hansen Jared M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDo shareholders gain when managers disperse corporate resources through activities classified as corporate social responsibility (CSR)? Strategy scholars have recently developed a theoretical model that links such activities to shareholder value when a firm suffers a negative event; we test key portions of this theory of the ‘insurance‐like’ property of CSR activity. We posit that such activity leads to positive attributions from stakeholders, who then temper their negative judgments and sanctions toward firms because of this goodwill. We extend the risk management model by theorizing that some types of CSR activities will be more likely to create goodwill and offer insurance‐like protection than other types. We delineate several firm and event specific characteristics that we expect to influence the link between CSR activities and an insurance effect. We then test our model using an event study of 178 negative legal/regulatory actions against firms throughout the 11 years from 1993–2003. We find that participation in institutional CSR activities—those aimed at a firm's secondary stakeholders or society at large—provides an ‘insurance‐like’ benefit, while participation in technical CSRs—those activities targeting a firm's trading partners—yields no such benefits. We conclude by considering the implications of our findings for future theorizing and research into the economic value of CSR engagement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Layer‐By‐Layer Electropeeling of Organic Conducting Material Imaged In Real Time
Authors: Munuera Carmen , Puigmartí‐Luis Josep , Paradinas Markos , Garzón Luis , Amabilino David B. , Ocal Carmen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSoft materials comprising low‐molecular‐weight organic molecules are attracting increasing interest because of their importance in the development of a number of emerging areas in nanoscience and technology, including molecular electronics, nanosystems for energy conversion, and devices in the widest sense. Their interaction with electrodes and their behavior under electric fields is a topic of vital significance for these areas, and about which very little is known. Here unprecedented evidence is presented for the controlled peeling of organic molecular material when a voltage is applied between the conducting system and the conducting probe of a scanning force microscope. The rate of removal of the material from the surface of the bulk conducting supramolecular material can be tuned. It depends on the potential applied and is initiated only above a threshold value of 200 mV. The results indicate the importance of electric fields on the stability and performance of conducting organic systems at the nanoscale.
Prevalence of endometrial polyps and abnormal uterine bleeding in a Danish population aged 20–74 years
Authors: Dreisler E. , Stampe Sorensen S. , Ibsen P. H. , Lose G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of endometrial polyps and to investigate associated abnormal uterine bleeding in a Danish population aged 20–74 years.MethodsThis was a study of a random selection of women from the Danish Civil Registration System: 1660 women were invited of whom 686 were included (429 pre‐ and 257 postmenopausal). AUB was assessed by a validated questionnaire. The women underwent transvaginal sonography (TVS) and saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH). Hysteroscopic resection was performed in cases with suspected focal intrauterine pathology. Full evaluation was performed in 619 women (two failures of TVS and 60 failures of SCSH, in two women SCSH was contraindicated (endometrial cancer), in two women hysteroscopy was contraindicated, and one polyp was lost before histology). World Health Organization histopathological criteria were used for diagnosing true endometrial polyps.ResultsOn final diagnosis there were 48 women with polyps, eight with submucosal myomas, four with other benign findings and one with polypoidal growing endometrial cancer. Complex hyperplasia without atypia was diagnosed in two women with polyps. The prevalence of endometrial polyps was 7.8% (48/619; 95% CI, 5.6–9.9%). The prevalence was influenced significantly by age (P < 0.005); in women below the age of 30 years, the prevalence was 0.9%. Polyps were diagnosed in 5.8% of pre‐ and 11.8% of postmenopausal women (P < 0.01). Thirty‐nine (82%) of the women who had histopathologically verified polyps were asymptomatic. In asymptomatic premenopausal women the prevalence of polyps was 7.6%, while it was 13% in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. AUB, in particular intermenstrual bleeding, was more frequent among women without polyps (38%). By ultrasound examination, submucosal myomas were diagnosed in 4.2% (26/622; 95% CI, 2.6–5.8%) and intramural myomas in 11.1% (76/684; 95% CI, 8.8–13.5%) of women. Polyps were diagnosed in 2% of oral‐contraceptive and 25% of hormone‐therapy users.ConclusionsThe overall prevalence of endometrial polyps was 7.8% and the prevalence increased with age. Polyps were rare (0.9%) in women below the age of 30 years. Surprisingly, AUB was less frequent among women with polyps than among those without polyps. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second‐trimester fetal growth as a predictor of poor obstetric and neonatal outcome in patients with low first‐trimester serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A and a euploid fetus
Authors: Fox N. S. , Shalom D. , Chasen S. T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo examine if fetal growth during the second trimester predicts poor pregnancy and neonatal outcome in patients with low first‐trimester serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) and a euploid fetus.MethodsWe identified all patients with first‐trimester PAPP‐A < 5th centile who had undergone first‐ and second‐trimester ultrasound examination. We excluded multiple pregnancies and those with aneuploidy or major anomalies identified before or after birth. We compared pregnancies with and without ultrasound markers for fetal growth restriction at 18–24 weeks.ResultsWe identified 239 patients with low PAPP‐A, 25 (10.5%) of whom had evidence of fetal growth restriction at 18–24 weeks. These 25 cases had significantly higher rates of third‐trimester small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) fetus, gestational hypertension, preterm birth, indicated preterm birth, low birth weight and birth weight centiles, 1‐min Apgar score < 7, neonatal intensive care unit admission and fetal or neonatal death.ConclusionAmong patients with low first‐trimester PAPP‐A and a euploid fetus, fetal growth in the second trimester can predict poor obstetric and neonatal outcome. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring of fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction: longitudinal changes in ductus venosus and aortic isthmus flow
Authors: Figueras F. , Benavides A. , Del Rio M. , Crispi F. , Eixarch E. , Martinez J. M. , Hernandez‐Andrade E. , Gratacós E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo explore in growth‐restricted fetuses the sequence of changes in aortic isthmus and ductus venosus blood flow in relation to other arterial Doppler parameters commonly used to evaluate fetal wellbeing.MethodsUmbilical and middle cerebral arteries, ductus venosus and aortic isthmus were explored serially by means of pulsed Doppler in a cohort of singleton small‐for‐gestational age fetuses requiring delivery before 34 weeks. Longitudinal changes in the last 30 days before delivery were modeled by multilevel analysis. Individual regression lines for each variable were calculated for each fetus and from these the regression lines for the whole group were derived, in order to estimate the mean time point at which each Doppler parameter became abnormal (outside the 5th–95th centile range). A survival analysis was performed during the monitoring period, in which the endpoint was an abnormal Doppler pulsatility index.ResultsA total of 162 observations were performed on 46 fetuses (median, 3; range, 2–10). The median gestational age at inclusion was 28.9 (range, 23.6–33.4) weeks and delivery occurred at a median gestational age of 30.5 (range, 25.9–33.9) weeks. Six (13%) cases of perinatal mortality occurred. Umbilical and middle cerebral artery Doppler showed an almost linear deterioration throughout monitoring, becoming abnormal on average 24 days and 20 days before delivery, respectively. Aortic isthmus Doppler became abnormal on average 13 days before delivery, while ductus venosus Doppler did so within the last week before delivery.ConclusionsIn preterm growth‐restricted fetuses, aortic isthmus blood flow becomes abnormal on average 1 week earlier than does that in the ductus venosus. This could provide a sound basis to better define management protocols aimed to improve intact fetal survival. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn and their correlations in breast cancer and normal adjacent tissues
Authors: Silva M. P. , Tomal A. , Pérez C. A. , Ribeiro‐Silva A. , Poletti M. E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAn experimental procedure using monoenergetic Synchrotron Radiation x‐ray Fluorescence (SR‐XRF) method was studied, justified and applied to determine trace elements concentrations of normal and neoplastic human breast tissues in the same individual. Scattered radiation from each sample was used as an internal standard in x‐ray emission spectroscopy in order to construct calibration curves used to determine Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn concentrations in 52 breast tissue specimens (26 neoplastic and 26 adjacent normal tissues).This work showed that this experimental alternative is approximately matrix independent and also allows a reduction in instrumental variables. Our results showed, as expected, that Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn concentrations levels were significantly higher in neoplastic than in healthy breast tissues (all p < 0.001). It was also observed that Fe and Cu levels are correlated in malignant breast tissues as well as Ca and Zn levels, indicating that these elements' concentrations are related, in agreement with the hypothesis that there is a connection between Fe and Cu with both increased cellular activity and blood supply in the formation of neoplasies in breast tissue, and between Ca and Zn as regulators of neoplasies growth, since these metals are present in active matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regioselective ortho‐Metallation of 2‐Diphenylphosphanylpyridine and (2‐(2‐Diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl)‐1‐3‐dioxalane with Methyltetrakis(trimethylphosphane)cobalt(I)
Authors: Beck Robert , Sun Hongjian , Li Xiaoyan , Klein Hans‐Friedrich 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCo(CH3)(PMe3)4 forms 100 % regioselectively with (2‐(2‐diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl)‐1,3‐dioxalane and 2‐diphenylphosphanyl‐pyridine, by elimination of methane, the four‐membered metallacycles Co{(C3O2HC6H3)P(C6H5)2}(PMe3)3 (1) and Co{(CNC4H3)P(C6H5)2}(PMe3)3 (4). The regioselectivity is independent of the steric requirement of the ortho substituent in the 2‐diphenylphosphanylaryl‐ligands. Oxidative addition with iodomethane transforms 1 and 4 into octahedral, diamagnetic low‐spin d6 complexes Co(CH3)I‐{(C3O2HC6H3)P(C6H5)2}(PMe3)2 (2) and Co(CH3)I‐{(CNC4H3)P(C6H5)2}(PMe3)2 (5). Under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide, insertion into the Co‐C bond results in ring expansion by forming the new assembled phosphanylbenzoyl complexes Co{(C4O3HC6H3)‐P(C6H5)2}CO(PMe3)2 (3) and Co{(OCNC4H3)P(C6H5)2}CO(PMe3)2 (6). The three different types of cobaltacycles are supported by X‐ray diffraction of 1, 3, 5 and 6.
Organotin Complexes of Alizarin and Purpurin
Authors: de Sousa Adriana T. , Bessler Karl E. , Lemos Sebastia˜o S. , Ellena Javier , Gatto Claudia C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFive novel organotin complexes with the anthraquinone dyes alizarin (1,2‐dihydroxyanthraquinone) and purpurin (1,2,4‐trihydroxyanthraquinone) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C and 119Sn). The crystal and molecular structures of four complexes were determined by X‐ray diffraction on single crystals: [Bu2Sn(aliz)(H2O)]·C2H5OH (A1·EtOH), [Bu2Sn(aliz)(dmso)]2 (A3), [(Bu2Sn)3O(Hpurp)2] (P1) and [Bu2Sn(Hpurp)(dmso)]2 (P2), where H2aliz = alizarin and H3purp = purpurin. The coordination mode of the ligands is identical to that found in their Al/Ca complexes, where they act as dianionic tridentate ligands forming five and six‐membered fused chelate rings. The coordination to the tin atoms occurs exclusively via the 1,2‐ phenolate oxygen and the adjacent quinoid oxygen atoms. The complexes A1, A3 and P1 are dimers with hepta‐coordinated tin atoms in form of a slightly distorted pentagonal bipyramid. The trinuclear complex P2 contains two pentacoordinated and one heptacoordinated tin atoms.
Magnetic Ordering in Iron(II) Complexes due to a 2D Network of Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Weber Birgit , Jäger Ernst‐G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe magnetic properties of two octahedral iron(II) complexes with Schiff base like equatorial N2O2 coordinating ligands and methanol (MeOH) as axial ligand are reported. Both compounds [FeL1(MeOH)2] (1) and [FeL2(MeOH)2] (2) (with L1 = [3,3′]‐[1,2‐phenylenebis(iminomethylidyne)‐bis(2,4‐pentanedionato)(2‐)‐N,N′,O2,O2′] and L2 = [E,E]‐[{diethyl 2,2′‐1,2‐phenylenebis(iminomethylidyne)bis(3‐oxo‐3‐phenylpropanato)} (2‐)‐N,N′,O3,O3′]) show a weak spontaneous magnetization below TC = 10 K. Results from X‐ray structure analysis of 1 indicate, that this is due to 2D network of hydrogen bonds as previously discussed for a similar complex.
Are Organotin Reagents Derived from Bis(trimethylsilyl)picoline Suitable Precursors for the Preparation of Cyclometallated Complexes?
Authors: Molter Anja , Mohr Fabian 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe organotin reagents [2‐PyC(SiMe3)2SnR3] (R = Me, nBu) were prepared in good yields from the reaction between the lithium salt of 2‐bis(trimethylsilyl)picoline and the corresponding trialkyltin chlorides. Reactions of these organotin reagents were carried out with various Pd and Pt complexes including [MCl2(cod)] and [MCl2(PhCN)2] (M = Pd, Pt). The results show that a Me group is transferred to the metal atom, rather than the 2‐bis(trimethylsilyl)picolyl group. The mechanism for this reaction is discussed and reasons why Me group transfer occurs based on DFT computed structural data are given.
Synthesis, Characterization and X‐ray Structures of AMTT‐Type Schiff bases and two CuI Complexes (AMTT= 4‐amino‐5‐methyl‐2H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3(4H)‐thione)
Authors: Tabatabaee Masoumeh , Ghassemzadeh Mitra , Sadeghi Ali , Shahriary Mahmoud , Neumüller Bernhard , Rothenberger Alexander 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe reaction of 4‐amino‐5‐methyl‐2H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3(4H)‐thione (AMTT) with 4‐methylbenzaldehyde and 4‐methoxybenzaldehyde in ethanol led to the iminic derivatives ‐4‐(4‐methylbenzylideneamino)‐5‐methyl‐2H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3(4H)thione (L1) and 4‐(4‐methoxybenzyl‐ideneamino)‐5‐methyl‐2H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3(4H)‐thione (L2). The reaction of L1 with CuCl in the presence of triphenylphosphane as co‐ligand in methanol/chloroform solution gave the CuI complex containing L1, [Cu(L1)(PPh3)2Cl]·0.5CH3OH·0.25CHCl3 (1).Treatment of L2 with the same metal salt in a molar ratio of 1:1 in methanol and further addition of a solution of PPh3 in chloroform led to the complex [Cu(L2)(PPh3)2Cl]·2.5CHCl3 (2). The complexes and L1 were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy as well as by X‐ray diffraction studies. In both complexes, the Schiff base ligand is coordinated to the copper ion through its sulfur atom. The other coordination sites around the copper ion are occupied by two triphenylphosphane molecules and one chloride ion. Therefore, each CuI ion is in a distorted tetrahedral environment.Crystal data for L1 at −100 °C: space group P21/n with a = 720.5(1), b = 1140.6(1), c = 1426.3(2) pm, β = 91.25(1)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.03, for 1 at −120 °C : space group $P{\bar 1}$ with a = 1286.3(1), b = 1740.3(1), c = 2060.2(1) pm, α = 79.085(6), β = 83.827(5), γ = 76.688(6)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0649 and for 2 at −80 °C : space group $P{\bar 1}$ with a = 1183.7(2), b = 1370.1(2), c = 1812.1(3) pm, α = 85.69(2), β = 88.52(2), γ = 64.89(2)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0488.
RbGa3S5 und CsGa3S5 – Zwei neue Strukturtypen
Authors: Schlosser Marc , Frettlöh Vanessa , Deiseroth Hans‐Jörg 
Published: December 2008

RbGa3S5 and CsGa3S5 – Two New Structure TypesThe title compounds RbGa3S5 and CsGa3S5 were synthesized by a solid state reaction starting from GaS, S and MN3 (M = Rb, Cs) as alkaline metal source. They crystallize in the space group P21/c with comparable lattice parameters but with completely different structures (RbGa3S5: a = 7,1530(6), b = 12,715(1), c = 10,1282(9) Å, β = 102,43(1)°, Z = 4; CsGa3S5: a = 10,6717(8), b = 12,763(1), c = 6,9265(6) Å, β = 91,168(9)°, Z = 4). In RbGa3S5 Rb together with S shows the topology of a hexagonal close packing in which Ga occupies 3/12 of the tetrahedral holes. The GaS4 tetrahedra are connected by common corners and edges forming a 3D‐network. The structure of CsGa3S5 is characterized by corrugated layers of edge‐ and corner‐sharing GaS4‐tetrahedra. Both compounds represent so far unknown structure types and thus two further structural alternatives for compounds with the composition MM3′Ch5.
Homotopic stimulation can reduce the area of allodynia in patients with neuropathic pain
Authors: Love‐Jones Sarah J. , Besson Marie , Steeds Charlotte E. , Brook Peter , Chizh Boris A. , Pickering Anthony E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTAllodynia is a common, troublesome feature of neuropathic pain conditions. In a previous study of postherpetic neuralgia we observed that repeated tactile stimulation appeared to reduce the size of the area of allodynia in some patients. We have undertaken a pragmatic clinical study to characterise this phenomenon in neuropathic pain patients with a range of different aetiologies.Neuropathic pain patients with a discrete area of tactile allodynia were recruited (n=20). We assessed the sensitive area using punctate and dynamic tactile stimuli, and thermal quantitative sensory testing. On two separate testing visits, the patients had repeated (10× over 1min) noxious heat or cotton bud strokes applied to the affected site or contralaterally.Tactile stimulation of the affected area evoked pain (median 7 NRS) and a reduction (>30%) in the area of allodynia in 9/18 patients (maximum−48±9%, after 20min), although the intensity of allodynic pain was unchanged. This effect persisted for over 1h and was present the following day in all patients tested (n=5/5). No subjects showed an increase in area after allodynic stimulation. There was no change in heat pain threshold at a distant site following allodynic stimulation, suggesting no activation of diffuse noxious inhibitory control. Repeated thermal noxious stimulation (median NRS 7) could also elicit changes (>30%) in the area of allodynia in some patients (reductions in 7/20, increases in 3/20).Thus, we have found that a brief period of homotopic painful stimulation can reduce the area of allodynia in around half of patients with established neuropathic pains.