bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE FORMATION OF EPITHELIOID CELLS INDUCED BY FRACTIONATED SUBSTANCES OF TUBERCLE BACILLI
Authors: Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: December 2008

In order to clarify the mechanism of the formation of epithelioid cells (“EG”) some morphological experiments have been done using the rabbits inoculated with several fractions of tubercle bacilli. By fractionation and purification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV, phosphatide, wax‐A, wax‐B, wax‐C, wax‐D and residual component were obtained. Albino rabbits were inoculated with these tubercle bacillary constituents into the lymph nodes and light and electron microscopic observations of popliteal lymph nodes have been made. EC could be classified into three groups and their subgroups in accordance with the ultrastructural features of the phagocytes and of digestion bodies contained in them. Thus “the pre‐ or non‐typical EG” seemed to be derived chiefly from the preexisting mature phagocytes and “the digestosome type EC” from immature phagocytes. “The phago‐digestosome type EC” had the intermediate characteristics. Among many mycobacterial fractions only phosphatide and wax‐D had the ability to form EC.In comparison with the case of non‐ sensitized animals, emergence of EC was generally more prompt and massive in animals which had been slightly or moderately sensitized with any antigen previously.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF MALIGNANT HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA OF THE LIVER
Authors: Tanimuba Akira , Tanaka Tatsuo , Yamamoto Hideo , Nakashima Teruyuki , Hamada Masayuki , Tsuzi Yoshihiko , Kaku Hiroshi 
Published: December 2008

Primary malignant hemangioendothelioma of the liver of a 21‐year‐old male, was reported. Microscopically the formation of vascular lumen was indistinct.From the findings of silver impregnation stain which showed delicate reticulum fibers intimately encircling the tumor cells, it was suggested that the tumor cells had the nature of the endothelium.A review of the literatures was made on intraabdominal malignant hemangioendotheliomas from 1960 to 1971 in Japan which showed the liver to be the most frequently involved.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL THROMBOSIS IN PULMONARY MUSCULAR ARTERIES OF RABBITS
Authors: Horie Akio , Kurozumi Takeshi , Morimatsu Minora , Tanaka Kenzo 
Published: December 2008

In order to clarify the ultrastructural change of initial phase of thrombosis, an autologous clot Injection or one shot of thrombin was performed via an auricular vein of each rabbit.In the groups of clot injection, platelets located between an inserted thrombus and endothelial cells show viscous metamorphosis. Degeneration and disappearance of the endothelial cells are followed by invasion of platelets and dense liquid materials into the subendothelial space and the media of the muscular arteries in both experimental groups. There is no detectable morphological difference between thrombosis in rivo induced by an injection of thrombin and thromboembolism induced by an injection of autologous whole blood clots coagulated in vitro.Phagocytosis in the course of thrombosis is mainly derived from the activity of subendothelial cells and partly from that of endothelial cells. Ultrastructural features of the subendothelial edema are based on the detachment of endothelial cells from the elastic lamina or on the edematous swelling of subendothelial cell cytoplasm. The initial stage of the organization of thrombus, showing smooth muscle cells arranged in the vertical position towards the thrombus, is noted three days after a clot or thrombin administration. Myofilamentous structures with dotted density are detected in the endothelial cells of muscular artery, not only of experimental groups but also of control ones.
HISTOLOGY AND HISTOGENESIS OF EARLY GASTRIC CARCINOMAS WITH FLAT MUCOSAL ELEVATIONS
Authors: Nagayo Takeo 
Published: December 2008

Circumscribed, sessile and flatly elevated early carcinomas were found in 5.5% out of 648 cases of early gastric carcinoma and their histological features were described. Most of the lesions showed highly differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas composed of columnar epithelia and were accompanied by severe intestinal metaplasia in the cancer‐bearing pyloric mucosae.From analysis of the histological structures of the elevated lesions, it was concluded that elevations of the affected mucosae were, regardless of their sizes and shapes, not due to primary growth of the carcinomas but due to reactive growth of the non‐neoplastic gastric mucosae in response to the carcinomas developing In the mucosae between “area gastricae”.Based upon these findings, differences of histological features of the carcinomas from atypical border‐line lesions, which had similar macro‐and microscopical appearances, were also described.
EXPERIMENTAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE ADOPTIVE TRANSFER OF PERITONEAL EXUDATE CELLS IN YOSHIDA SARCOMA RATS
Authors: Kato Jutaro , Terui Yoshihiko , Katsura Sukemoto 
Published: December 2008

Peritoneal exudate cells of rats with experimentally acquired antl Yoshlda sarcoma were intravenously transferred Into Yoshida sarcoma bearing rats. The mode of growth of subcutaneous nodules in the back of these recipient rats as well as the histological picture were studied.Transfer of 5 × 106 peritoneal exudate cells of rats with anti‐Yoshida sarcoma resulted in temporary growth inhibition of tumor nodules in 50% of the rats. Transfer of 8 × 106 cells resulted in the disappearance of tumor nodules in 60× of the rats. Histological picture obtained daily revealed marked inntration of large mononuclear cells and lymphocytes in tumor nodules especially in the peripheral portion. In the sections stained with silver impregnation, amoeboid and branching metallophillc cells were abundantly found in the peripheral portion of the subcutaneous nodule. Round and amoeboid metallophillc cells corresponded to large mononuclear cells. In the rats in which the tumor disappeared, scarring was noted. Follow‐up studies of the peritoneal exudate cells labeled with 3H‐thymidine of rats with anti‐Yoshida sarcoma revealed that very little remained of the portion in the interstitium tissue around the tumor on the second day and none at all in the tumor on the 5th day.
CHORDOMA – REPORT OF AN AUTOPSY CASE WITH FIBROSARCOMA
Authors: Kishikawa Hideki , Tanaka Kenzö 
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of sacrococcygeal chordoma associated with metastasizing fibrosarcoma developing adjacent to a recurrent chordoma was described.The fibrosarcoma developed within one year after radiotherapy with 5,400 rads for the chordoma, but this is too short of a period for development of fibrosarcoma as a result of the irradiation.In several literatures chordomas accompanying sarcoma or sarcomatous growth as malignant change have been reported. In this case both tumors were separated distinctly from each other by a connective tissue. Since no findings suggesting that chordoma had developed into fibrosarcoma could be obtained, we considered these as primary unrelated neoplasms.
LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERIPORTAL BILE DUCTS OF THE HUMAN EMBRYO
Authors: Enzan Hideaki , Ohkita Takeshi , Fujita Hisao , Iijima Soichi 
Published: December 2008

In order to clarify the development of periportal bile duct in the human embryo, the liver tissue of a 13 week‐old human embryo was studied using the electron as well as light microscope.The findings observed in this study lead to the following conclusions: The biliary epithelial cell originates from the periportal hepatoblast under certain influences of the connective tissue. The periportal bile duct is formed by the proliferation of the biliary epithelial cells surrounding the biliary space. The so‐called intermediate cell between the biliary epithelial cell and the hepatoblast is not recognized in the human fetal liver of 13 weeks gestation.
HISTOLOGICAL and HISTOAUTORADIOGRAPHICAL STUDIES ON THE FETAL ADRENAL CORTEX IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Taira Yoshitsugi 
Published: December 2008

Cell differentiation in the fetal adrenal cortex of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR, Okamoto and Aoki) and normotensive Wistar‐Kyoto Rats was studied histologically and histoautoradiographically at the 19th, 20th, 21st and 22nd day of gestation. The average body weight of the fetuses of SHR was statistically lower than that of the control fetuses but no significant differences were found in the adrenocortical histology. The labeling index of each fetal cortical zone of SHR on the 20th, 21st and 22nd day of gestation was significantly higher than that of normotensive control rats. Only the adrenals on the 19th day of gestation showed a higher labeling index In the control.The results of the present investigation suggest the close relationship between active cell proliferation and DNA synthesis of the adrenal cortex and functional stimulation of the anterior pituitary during the late embryonic life in SHR fetuses.
A HISTOCHEMICAL and ELECTRON MICROSCOPICAL STUDY OF SO‐CALLED INTRAVENOUS FAT PIGMENT
Authors: Okayasu Isao , Mori Wataru 
Published: December 2008

Eighteen autopsy cases which were intravenously administered with fat emulsion (Intrafat) during their clinical course are presented and analysed. The so‐called intravenous fat pigment was seen in the Kupffer cells of the liver, more or less, in ten cases forming brown granules of considerable variety in size, quantity, and quality. Besides, the same kind of granules were found in the cells of the reticulo‐endothelial system, systematically.An analytical study comparing their clinical data and microscopic findings was made. Histochemical and electron microscopical characteristics of the pigment were described, and possible mechanism of its deposition was also proposed. A part of the discussion was extended to the early change due to intravenous infusion of the fat.
HISTOMETRICAL and HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE SKELETAL MUSCLE IN NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS – AN AUTOPSY STUDY
Authors: Murakami Toshikazu 
Published: December 2008

Systemic hlstometrical and histological examinations of major skeletal muscles were performed by using autopsy cases with simple atrophy, neurogenic muscular atrophy, Duchenne type progressive muscular dystrophy, myositis of myasthenia gravis, and autopsy control cases. In hlstometrical studies, the shortest diameters of muscle fibers were measured and arranged in histograms. Volume ratio of stroma to muscle was measured by point‐counting method.Histometrical studies revealed the following results: (1) averages of muscle fiber diameters in controls showed the largest value In the muscles of the upper and lower extremities, and the smallest value in the lingual muscle; (2) in simple atrophy, neurogenic muscular atrophy, progressive muscular dystrophy and myositis, a decrease in muscle fiber diameters was more prominent in the muscles of the lower extremities than those of the upper extremities; (3) patterns of histograms of muscle fiber diameters were classified into six types, and in simple atrophy, almost one‐half of muscles examined belonged to type 3 histogram, which had the mode situated at a relatively small diameter and a not so high kurtosls; (4) volume ratios of stroma to muscle Increased most in both muscular dystrophy and long‐standing neurogenic muscular atrophy, moderately in myositis, and mildly in simple atrophy; and (5) hlstometrical changes In myasthenia gravis were minimal.
THE FINE STRUCTURE OF GLOMERULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS IN EXPERIMENTAL RENAL AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Kimuba Kakuhei , Kihaba Itaru , Kitamuba Shirou 
Published: December 2008

The fine structure of the three types of glomerular cells, especially glomerular epithelial cells was studied In experimental renal amyloidosis induced by both prolonged sensitization of focus antigens and casein.The presence of cytoplasmic invaginations which contained a bundle of amyloid fibrils in almost parallel array and intracytoplasmlc membrane‐surrounded amyloid fibrils were observed in the glomerular epithelial cells. They are quite comparable to those which were demonstrated in reticuloendothelial cells In other reports. The intracytoplasmlc invaginations opened at the plasma membrane either in the urinary space or in the basement membrane. By processing serial sections on the minimal deposition of amyloid, some of the Intracytoplasmlc membrane‐surrounded amyloid fibrils were found to be connected with parallel arrayed extracellular amyloid fibrils.Amyloid accumulated usually In large amount In mesangial matrix and along the basement membrane adjacent to the mesangium, but isolated depositions of amyloid, minimal though definite, were sometimes observed in the subepithelial and subendothelial areas, and in the epithelial cells far from the mesangium.
FINE STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF RAT ADENOHYPOPHYSIS —EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS GROWTH HORMONE AND HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS ON SOMATOTROPHS
Authors: Nakayama Iwao , Nickerson Peter A. , Bernardis Lee L. , Matsuo Takeshi 
Published: December 2008

The response of rat pituitary somatotrophs to transplantation of the MtT‐W10 pituitary tumor and prolonged treatment with large doses of purified bovine growth hormone was examined. The effects of hypo‐thalamic lesions on the somatotrophs were also studied.Involution occurred in somatotrophs of the anterior pituitary of rats bearing a transplantable tumor. The changes in the somatotrophs were observable at 4 weeks and consisted of smaller cells and fewer secretory granules.Administration of growth hormone produced a triphasic response; (1) increased cross‐sectional area of cell, increased size and number of secretory granule, (2) return of parameters to normal levels, and (3) suppression of somatotrophs by exogenous growth hormone.Following destruction of ventromedial nucleus (VMN), the number of secretory granules per somatotroph increased. Concomitantly, there was an enlargement of the mean diameter as well as an increase in the mean surface area of the somatotrophs. After destruction of dorsomedid nucleus (DMN), the number of secretory granules decreased rapidly and reached the lowest level. Two days after the operation, the secretory granules re‐accumulated very slowly in the cytoplasm but remained below control level. Accompanying the decreased granule count, the mean diameter of the largest granule was smaller than that of the controls during all experimental periods.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE GLOMERULI‐BOUND ANTI‐RENAL BASEMENT MEMBRANE ACTIVE ANTIBODY AS THE PATHOGENETIC FACTOR OF HUMAN CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Masugi Yozo , Sugisaki Yuichi , Ishizaki Masamichi 
Published: December 2008

To clarify the pathogenetic factor of human chronic glomerulone‐phritis (CGN), acidic citric buffer eluates of the renal basement membranes (RBMs) purified from the kidneys obtained at autopsies and corresponding sera of 7 CGN, one Alport's syndrome and 22 other renal or non‐renal disease cases were immunopathologically examined.The renal eluates from all CGN cases contained certain amount of immunoglobulins especially IgG, the quantities of which roughly paralleled with the morphological activities of glomerular changes. Most renal eluates from CGN cases showed not only in vitro anti‐RBM antibody activity by Boyden's method of passive hemagglutination against the trypsin or collagenase digested and solubilized human RBM, but also in vivo glomerulonephritis producing capacity to rat kidneys with mobilization of complement fraction to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) after intravenous administration to the animal. These findings lead to the postulation that considerable number of human CGN cases might be caused by anti‐RBM active autoantibody, which might have been in some way produced in the bodies and fixed to the RBM especially to the GBM, conducting initiation and progression of CGN course.As to the antigenic determinant(s) of RBM against anti‐RBM antibody, it was suspected that protein or polypeptide moiety of RBM constituents plays a more important role than polysaccharide moiety of glycoprotein or glycopeptide.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF SO‐CALLED DIFFUSE MYELOMA WITH PYROGLOBULINEMIA
Authors: Watanabe Kishichiro , Konishi Keiko 
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 62 year‐old Japanese woman who showed marked hyperglobulinemia and anemia with two kinds of M‐components (IgG(L), Bence‐Jones protein(L)) and pyroglobulin was presented.There was no tumor formation detectable by repeated roentogeno‐graphic examinations in the skeletal system during the clinical course of one year and two months or on the autopsy table.Histologically, however, infiltration of plasma cells showing only mild atypia was noted diffusely in the bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes. There was also a considerable infiltration of the same in the liver, kidney, ovary and lung. While, throughout the clinical course, leukemic increase of plasma cells in the peripheral blood was not found. No significant underlying chronic disorders were disclosed.Fairly rapid down‐hill course, a myeloma pattern of the serology and the pathological findings of this case denoted primarily a neoplastic proliferative disorder of the plasma cell, and thus this was diagnosed as so‐called diffuse myeloma.A short review was made on the literatures of diffuse myeloma and pyroglobulinemia.
INDUCTION OF METASTASIZING CARCINOMA IN RATS AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Harada Yoshio 
Published: December 2008

Induction of a spontaneously metastasizing carcinoma in rats was attempted.Four‐week‐old Sprague‐Dawley female rats were thymectomized or/and splenectomized and fed 200 mg (20 mg×10) of 3‐methyicholanthrene from 7 weeks of age. In addition to these treatments, the early‐appearing tumors were excised in order to select by isoimmunity the late‐appearing ones that were less antigenic. The latter were easily transplanted into normal syngeneic female rats with metastasis to remote organs. This metastasizing capacity of the tumor became an inherent character in syngeneic normal rats from generation to generation of transplantation. With one of these tumors (MRMT‐1) many cancer cells were histologically detected in circulating blood 3 days after tumor transplantation and arrested in capillary beds of lungs. The spontaneous metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs was macroscopically found within several weeks after tumor transplantation.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE TUMOURLET OF THE LUNG WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CYTOGENESIS OF PROLIFERATING CELLS
Authors: Torikata Chikao , Kawai Toshiaki , Yakumaru Kazuhiro , Kageyama Keizo 
Published: December 2008

Eight foci of tumourlets of the lung and one allied lesion obtained from autopsy cases were histologically examined. The tumourlet of the lung consisted of epithelial cells and was considered to be a benign lesion. Small sized‐lesion, uniformity of proliferating cells with very few mitosis and existence of associated lung lesions were documented as characteristic findings. However, the histopathogenesis of the tumourlet was not fully clarified.It was found that proliferating cells of tumourlets often show argyro‐philia and contain numerous neurosecretory‐like granules in their cytoplasm. These characteristics are very similar to Kultschitzky‐like cells of the lung.
HYPOPHOSPHATASIA ‐ STUDY ON TWO AUTOPSY CASES
Authors: Habada Masaoki , Misugi Kazuaki 
Published: December 2008

The autopsy findings of two cases of Infantile hypophosphatasla are described and compared with those of 16 previously reported cases.Histochemical and biochemical tissue analysis for alkaline phosphatase showed a marked decrease in activity in liver, kidney, and bones. However, intestinal alkaline phosphatase possessed normal or slightly elevated activity. Nephrocalcinosis is a frequent complication and its development depends on hypercalcemia and length of survival of the patient. Electron microscopic findings are illustrated, and a mechanism for the development of nephrocalcinosis is proposed. For the first time, marked elevations of parathyroid hormone were detected. This finding, coupled with the extreme difficulty in locating the parathyroid glands in cases of hypophosphatasla, is enigmatic. Areas for future investigation are suggested.
MYOCARDIAC CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTAL RENAL FAILURE—A LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY*
Authors: Maeda Naotake 
Published: December 2008

The experiments we described in this paper demonstrated that the myocardiac lesions without hypertension could be produced by renal failure in rabbits; after this experimental renal failure, increase in blood urea nitrogen and various functional and morphological changes suggestive of heart lesions appeared.The main structural changes in the heart were cellular edema with dilatation of the sarcotubular system, destructive changes of the mitochondria and contractile elements, and coagulative degeneration. These myocardiac lesions are induced by renal failure, and are probably caused by electrolyte imbalance, metabolic disorder, and/or hemodynamic abnormality rather than by hypertensive or toxic factors.
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON BONE LESIONS OF HAND‐SCHÜLLER‐CHRISTIAN DISEASE
Authors: Hakozaki Hando , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Kojima Mizu 
Published: December 2008

A correlated light microscopical, histochemical and ultrastructural study‐was made on bone lesions repeatedly biopsied from three patients with Hand‐Scbüller‐Christian disease. The histiocytic cells proliferating in the early lesions had a markedly indented nucleus and contained In their cytoplasm varying numbers of Langerhans cell granules and round or irregular‐shaped lipid droplets. Histochemically, the lipid droplets were verified to be lipoprotein rich In fatty acids. Such histiocytic cells differ from highly phagocytic histiocytes or macrophages because of indistinct phagocytotlc activity, and are regarded as a metabolic type of histiocytes. The late lesions were mostly dominated by a xanthogranulomatous tissue chiefly comprised of xanthoma cells and collagen fibers. The xanthoma cells were usually filled with numerous lipid vacuoles which were histochemically proved to mainly contain cholesterol. Almost all the xanthoma cells were closely attached to collagen fibers and often had well‐developed rough endoplasmic reticula. Ultrastructurally, It is suggested that the xanthoma cells are originated from fibroblasts or flbrocytes.As an Important factor to induce proliferation and xanthoma cell transformation of fibroblasts in the late phase, the presence of such a lipoprotein produced in the histiocytic cells of the early phase is emphasized.
MECHANISM OF THE FORMATION OF MEGAMITOCHONDRIA BY COPPER‐CHELATING AGENTS V. FURTHER STUDIES ON ISOLATED MEGAMITOCHONDRIA
Authors: Wakabayashi Takashi , Asano Masahisa , Ishikawa Kumiko , Kishimoto Hidemasa 
Published: December 2008

Effect of cuprizone has been studied on some biochemical properties of megamitochondria obtained from the mouse liver. (1) Contents of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cu2+ in the blood or the liver homogenates were not altered by cuprizone‐intoxication, whereas those in liver mitochondria were significantly altered: after 3‐4 days’intoxication, content of Ca2+ was decreased and was remarkably increased after 14‐15 days’intoxication. Content of Mg2+ behaved contrarily. (2) Both cytochrome oxidase and ATPase activities were unchanged in the liver megamitochondria, but monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was significantly decreased. Value of I50 (50% inhibition) for MAO was determined to be 0.33 mM using the control liver mitochondria. Cuprizone had almost no effect on MAO activity of kidney or heart mitochondria both in vivo and in vitro. (3) The amount of lysolecithin was increased in the liver megamitochondria.These results were discussed in the light of membrane fusion phenomenon which plays a key role in the mechanism of megamitochondrial formation.