bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative fluorescence measurements of ao‐stained normal and malignant bladder cells
Authors: Hemstreet George P. , West Seymour S. , Weems W. Lamar , Echols Candace K. , McFarland Sandra , Lewin Jack , Lindseth Gunnbjorg 
Published: February 2007

AbstractQuantitative, corrected fluorescence emission spectra from the nuclei of acridine orange‐stained bladder epithelial cells were obtained with a corrected spectrum microspectrofluorophotometer (MSF)5 which is calibrated with a phosphor particle fluorescence standard. The spectra demonstrated that the green fluorescence band (λmax≅530 nm) is stoichiometrically related to the amount of nucleic acids (NA) present in a given nucleus, provided this spectroscopic species has reached saturation. The shape of this spectral band is constant. On the basis of this information, we used a simple microfluorometer, (SFM), calibrated with the phosphor particle standard, to routinely measure the amount of green fluorescence emission from the nuclei of AO‐stained bladder epithelial cells. The amount of green fluorescence per normal nucleus never exceeded 0.5 phosphor particle units (ppu). In contrast, in every sample containing malignant or cancerrelated cells, one or more cells contained nuclei that exhibited more than 0.5 ppu total green nuclear fluorescence. Results obtained with the SFM on 794 AO‐stained cells from 80 samples taken from 40 patients are reported here. Samples consisted of urine specimens, bladder washings, and biopsies. One or more malignant cells from every grade 3 or 4 tumor and 17 of 17 grade 1 or 2 tumors showed markedly elevated levels of total (integrated) green nuclear fluorescence indicating the presence of DNA aneuploidy, strongly, suggestive of the presence of malignant or potentially malignant cells. Comparison with diagnoses based on H and E‐stained biopsy material and Papanicolaou‐stained cytological preparations show excellent correlation. The quantitative fluorescence measurements demonstrate a clear difference between negatives and positives with linear ordering up through Grade 4 and CIS. Grades 1 and 2 were clearly different from 3 and 4 (p<0.001). The results indicate that the quantitative fluorescence methodology reveals the presence and extent of DNA aneuploidy which may prove to be a more sensitive cytologic method for detection of low grade tumors and may also provide an objective biochemical basis for tumor grade classification. Detecting the presence of DNA aneuploidy may even serve to provide earlier detection than is possible with conventional means, but this remains to be confirmed by longitudinal studies.
Biological characterization and clinical applications of a monoclonal antibody recognizing an antigen restricted to neuroectodermal tissues
Authors: Allan Patricia M. , Garson J. A. , Harper Edna I. , Asser Ushi , Coakham H. B. , Brownell Betty , Kemshead J. T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe monoclonal antibody UJ13A was raised following immunization of mice with human foetal brain and subsequent somatic cell hyridization of spleen cells with the mouse myeloma cell line P3‐X63‐AG8‐653. The antibody is of the IgG1 subclass and has been shown by indirect immunofluorescence studies on normal foetal, paediatric and adult tissues to selectively bind to most tissues of neuroectodermal origin. Many tumours of neural origin also express the UJI3A antigen and the reagent can be used to distinguish primary intracranial neural tumours from secondary carcinomas and lymphomas. UJI3A is also useful as one of a panel of reagents employed for the identification of metastatic spread of neuroblastoma cells to bone marrow and cerebrospinal fluid. Knowledge of the full spectrum of normal and malignant tissues binding UJ13A suggests that the antibody may have a role in the radioimmunolocalization of neuronal tumours such as neuroblastoma.
Preparation and properties of a drug‐carrier‐antibody conjugate showing selective antibody‐directed cytotoxicity in vitro
Authors: Garnett M. C. , Embleton M. J. , Jacobs E. , Baldwin R. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe preparation and properties of a drug‐carrier‐antibody preparation are reported. The antifolate chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate was covalently coupled to human serum albumin as a carrier. The carrier‐drug preparation was then chemically linked to a monoclonal antibody, raised originally against a human osteogenic sarcoma cell line, 79IT, in a manner permitting retention of antibody‐binding activity. The cytotoxic properties of the conjugate were tested in vitro in comparison with carrier‐methotrexate and free methotrexate against a panel of tumour cell lines containing both antigenically cross‐reactive cell lines and cell lines having low antigenic cross‐reactivity with the monoclonal antibody. The cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that coupling of methotrexate to carrier caused a loss of some drug activity but that coupling of the antibody to the carrier‐drug preparation permitted full expression of drug cytotoxicity against antibody‐reactive cell lines. It was further demonstrated that the conjugate was selective in its action and was preferentially cytotoxic towards antibody‐reactive cell types. The cytotoxicity against antibody‐reactive cell lines was shown by competitive inhibition by free antibody to be entirely dependent on antibody binding. A clonogenic assay showed that the conjugate was capable of killing >99% of 79IT target cells. These results indicate that a drug‐carrier antibody conjugate can be synthesized which has all the in vitro properties theoretically necessary for a successful antibody‐targeted cytotoxic agent.
Phenotypic diversity within clones of human normal t cells
Authors: Zagury D. , Bernard J. , Morgan D. A. , Fouchard M. , Feldman M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman normal T cells were selected for in vittro cloning according to the expression of T4, T8 or T10 antigens on individual cells. Clones were produced from each of these cells irrespective of the antigenic phenotype of the parental cell. The cloned progeny manifested, in many cases, shifts in antigen expression. Thus, T4+T8− cells gave clones expressing predominantly T4−T8+ and vice versa. The clonal expression of T4 and T8 seemed to be mutually exclusive. Antigenic shifts were recorded also in clones derived from T4−T8−T10− cells, resulting in T10+ clones which were also either T4+ or T8+ and from T4+T8−T10+ cloned cells yielding clones of either T4+ or T8+ cells. Testing functional properties we found that NK activity was mediated not only by T10+ cells but also, in some cases, by T4+ and T8+ cells. Moreover, TCGF production, which may reflect helper activity, was mediated not only by T4+ cells. Only the cytotoxic (CTL) activity seems to be confined to the T8 phenotype. Thus, it appears that T antigens, which seemed to be molecular markers of differentiation, are not markers for terminal differentiation and do not always reflect defined functional properties. These conclusions are drawn from cloning of normal T cells which manifest properties different from those of T‐cell lines or T hybridomas.
Trends in malignant melanoma of skin in New Zealand
Authors: Cooke K. R. , Skegg D. C. G. , Eraser J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIncidence and mortality rates for malignant melanoma of skin in the New Zealand non‐Maori population over the past 30 years were analysed in relation to sex, age, birth cohort and time. In both sexes, the age‐standardized incidence rates increased approximately exponentially with time, with an annual increment of 7.5%. The age‐standardized mortality rates increased approximately linearly with time, resulting in a two‐ to three‐fold increase over 30 years, as compared with an eight‐ to nine‐fold increase in the incidence rates. Descriptive birth cohort analysis shows different patterns of increase for incidence and mortality rates. The main difference is that, whereas incidence rates have continued to increase in recent birth cohorts, mortality rates have stabilized. The explanation for this difference is uncertain.
Alterations of the basement membrane and connective tissue antigens in human metastatic lymph nodes
Authors: Burtin P. , Chavanel G. , Foidart J. M. , Andrfi J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntigens of the basement membrane (type‐IV collagen and laminin) and the connective tissue (type‐Ill collagen and fibronectin) were studied by immunofluorescence in 16 lymph nodes draining colorectal carcinomas and 6 lymph nodes draining breast carcinomas. A comparison was also made between 7 primary colorectal carcinomas and 9 lymph nodes draining these tumors. Anti‐type‐IV collagen and anti‐laminin rarely stained the basement membrane of metastatic tumors. In contrast, we detected type‐IV collagen in the peritumoral stroma, although similar images were rarely seen in primary tumors. When tumoral cells were in the vicinity of lymphoid cells, they were occasionaly separated by a barrier stained by the four antisera, or only by antifibronectin and anti‐type‐lll collagen. In other cases no barrier was observed between both types of cells which were in close contact. On the whole the above alterations were more marked in the lymph nodes draining breast carcinomas, in comparison to those draining colorectal carcinomas. Tumor cells were never stained by antitype‐IV collagen or antilaminin serum. Some cells found either in the lymphoid or in the tumor area of metastatic lymph nodes were stained not only by these antisera, but also by a monoclonal antibody against Willebrand Factor, which is a marker of endothelial cells. Thus the labelled cells were characterized as being derived from the capillary wall.
A comparison of epstein‐barr virus‐specific T‐cell immunity in malaria‐endemic and ‐nonendemic regions of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Moss D. J. , Burrows S. R. , Castelino D. J. , Kane R. G. , Pope J. H. , Rickinson A. B. , Alpers M. P. , Heywood P. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEpstein‐barr virus genome‐positive Burkitt's lymphoma is endemic in Africa and Papua New Guinea and in both countries the tumour is restricted to regions with holoendemic malaria. The present work has compared groups of healthy indigenous individuals living in malarious and non‐malarious regions of Papua New Guinea for Epstein‐Barr virus‐specific T‐cell‐mediated immunity using the in vitro regression assay. Residents of the malarious region (55 tested), when compared with either residents of the non‐malarious area (35 tested) or Caucasian controls (27 tested) showed a significant (p < 0.0001) impairment of virus‐specific T‐cell immunity but no obvious disturbance (p > 0.05) of anti‐viral antibody titres. These results may be important in explaining the postulated role of malarial infection as a co‐factor in the patho‐genesis of Burkitt's lymphoma.
Diet and colorectal cancer: A case‐control study in Greece
Authors: Manousos O. , Day N. E. , Trichopoulos D. , Gerovassilis F. , Tzonou A. , Polychronopoulou A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case‐control study probing the role of diet on the incidence of colorectal cancer was undertaken in Athens, Greece, in a population characterized by ethnic homogeneity but substantial heterogeneity with respect to dietary habits. The case series consisted of 100 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed colorectal cancer admitted to two large hospitals of Athens during a 16‐month period; the control series consisted of orthopaedic patients, admitted to the same hospitals during the same time period, individually matched to the index cases by age and sex. Dietary histories concerning the frequency of consumption (per month or per week) of about 80 food items were obtained by the same interviewer. Cases reported significantly less frequent consumption of vegetables (particularly beets, spinach, lettuce and cabbage) and, independently, significantly more frequent consumption of meat (notably lamb and beef). Between the two extremes (high‐vegetable, low‐meat diet versus high‐meat, low‐vegetable diet) a risk ratio of about 8 appears to exist, sufficient (in size and direction) to explain a substantial part of the international variation in the incidence of colorectal cancer. Significant associations were not found with beer or other alcoholic beverages, and significant interactions were not noted with respect to age, sex and anatomic localization (colon vs. rectum).
Lysis of fresh human tumor cells by autologous large granular lymphocytes from peripheral blood and pleural effusions
Authors: Uchida Atsushi , Micksche Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman lymphocytes and their subpopulations from the peripheral blood and pleural effusions of cancer patients were tested for cytotoxicity against fresh tumor cells isolated from carcinomatous pleural effusions of the same patients. Fresh tumor cells were relatively resistant to lysis by autologous unseparated lymphocytes in a 4 h Cr‐release assay. Positive reactions were recorded in 10 of 38 blood samples and 10 of 37 effusion specimens. Purification of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) by discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation resulted in enhancement of cytotoxic activity against autologous tumor cells and K562 cells, with no reactivity in LGL‐depleted small T‐lymphocyte populations. Significant lysis of effusion tumor cells by autologous LGL was observed in 15 of 22 blood specimens and 15 of 21 effusion samples. Further depletion of high‐affinity sheep erythrocyte resetting cells from Percoll‐purified LGL populations gave an increase in autologous tumor‐killing activity. Depletion of LGL/K562 conjugates from LGL populations decreased lysis of autologous tumor cells and K562 cells. Effusion tumor cells that were susceptible to lysis by allogeneic normal LGL were also killed by autologous LGL, and effusion tumor cells resistant to lysis by allogeneic NK cells were not lysed by autologous LGL. In a single‐cell cytotoxicity assay in agarose, 4–26% LGL bound autologous tumor cells and 0.2–5% LGL killed these target cells, while 12–45% LGL bound K562 cells and 2–20% LGL lysed them. These results indicate that cytotoxic potential for autologous effusion tumor cells is present in the peripheral blood and pleural effusions of cancer patients; it is strongly associated with a minor proportion of LGL and restricted to the cell population that can lyse NK‐sensitive K562 cells.
Herpes simplex virus‐induced amplification of SV40 sequences in transformed Chinese hamster embryo cells
Authors: Schlehofer Jörg R. , Gissmann Lutz , Matz Bertfried , Hausen Harald Zur 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInfection with Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) induces amplification of SV40 sequences in SV40‐transformed Chinese hamster embryo cells (CO631). This is shown by in situ hybridization of the infected cells with cloned 32P‐labelled SV40 DNA. The HSV‐mediated synthesis of SV40 DNA is more pronounced than after treatment with chemical carcinogens. This initiator‐like effect of HSV may, in concert with the previously reported mutagenic activity of this virus (Schlehofer and zur Hausen, 1982), point to a possible mechanism of HSV infection in human genital cancer.
Food items and food groups as risk factors in a case‐control study of diet and colo‐rectal cancer
Authors: Miller A. B. , Howe G. R. , Jain M. , Craib K. J. P. , Harrison L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe contributions of food items and food groups as risk factors in a previously reported case‐control study of diet and colo‐rectal cancer have been analyzed. The study included 348 patients with colon cancer, 194 with rectal cancer, 542 neighbourhood controls individually matched to the cases on the basis of age and sex and a second control series of 535 surgical hospital controls frequency matched to the cases. For colon cancer, as in the previous analysis, the major risk factor was saturated fat, individual food items or groups failing to make a significant contribution to the risk. In particular there was no protective effect of dietary fibre and, for cruciferous vegetables, only a minor protective effect in females. No individual cruciferous vegetable made an important contribution to this effect. For rectal cancer, on the other hand, a significant effect of saturated fat, independent of other food items or groups, was only found for females in the highest consumption category. For males, consumption of eggs, beef and veal significantly increased risk but not consumption of pork, while for females, there was a non‐significant increase in risk with consumption of eggs, no increased risk with consumption of beef or veal and a significantly increased risk with consumption of pork. There was no protective effect of dietary fibre or of cruciferous vegetables for rectal cancer, but in females, there was a significantly increased risk for consumption of beer, though this was somewhat reduced when controlled for consumption of saturated fat. There was no indication of an effect of alcohol in either sex or of beer in males. Thus, these results confirm the previous report in showing a significant effect of saturated fat in increasing risk of colon cancer but suggest a contribution of meats to risk of rectal cancer.
The organization of intermediate filaments in normal human colonic epithelium and colonic carcinoma cells
Authors: Brown D. T. , Anderton B. H. , Wylie C. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA comparative ultrastructural study of the organization of intermediate filaments (tonofilaments) within normal colonic epithelium and colonic carcinoma cells was carried out. The pattern of development of the specialized intermediate filament (IF) network, occurring during the differentiation of normal colonic epithelial cells, was examined to allow a more complete comparison with tumour cells of different degrees of differentiation. Essentially the IF system becomes more organized as the cells differentiate, resulting in the formation of a three‐dimensional network loosely surrounding the nucleus, extending through the sub‐terminal web and basal cytoplasm, and inserting into lateral desmosomes. Another system of IFs also runs directly between lateral desmosomes, lying parallel to the plasma‐membrane and desmosomal plaque, without inserting directly into the junction. Alterations in the organization of the IF system were seen in tumour cells with the type and extent being dependent upon their location and degree of differentiation. Cells within areas of the tumour where some degree of glandular structure was retained exhibited major alterations in their microfilament‐containing structures. However, their IF system was essentially intact and lateral desmosomes were still present in similar numbers to those seen in normal, partially differentiated mid‐crypt cells. Apolar tumour cells within areas of the tumour where a gross loss of cryptal architecture had occurred exhibited a striking disorganization of their IF system. No parallel bundles of interdesmosomal tonofilaments were present beneath the cell surface and the majority of the three‐dimensional network appeared to have collapsed around the nucleus, although some extensions to randomly distributed surface desmosomes still occurred. It appears that this disorganization of the IF system is associated with a loss of cell polarity and may involve alterations in putative IF‐associated proteins important in the interaction of IFs with surface desmosomes or other cytoskeletal elements. A study of this phenomenon may shed light on both the means of IF organization and assembly and their role in normal cells as well as the possible role of alterations in cytoskeletal elements in the expression or maintenance of the malignant phenotype.
Association of some supraglottic laryngeal carcinomas with EB virus
Authors: Břicháček B. , Hirsch I. , Šíbl O. , Vilikusova E. , Vonka V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThin sections of biopsies from five patients with supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma who possessed antibody to early antigen of EB virus were examined for the presence of EB virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) and EB virus DNA by cytological hybridization in situ. Both EBNA and EB virus DNA were found in the tumour cells of three of the patients. The present findings suggest an association between EB virus and supraglottic carcinoma of the larynx.
Natural antibodies in human sera directed against blood‐group‐related determinants expressed on colon cancer cells
Authors: Knuth A. , Lloyd K. O. , Lipkin M. , Oettgen H. F. , Old L. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from 136 normal males and 33 members of families at high risk for colon cancer were tested for reactivity with six colon cancer cell lines by the protein A‐mixed hemadsorption assay. Ninety‐one sera had antibodies to colon cancer cell line HT‐29. In 89 cases the antibodies were absorbed by human A and B erythrocytes or sheep erythrocytes. Antibodies in the remaining two sera, which were from sisters in the high‐risk group, were not absorbed by red cells but could be absorbed by tumor cells expressing A or B blood‐group determinants. Their reactivity was inhibited by some soluble blood‐group glycoproteins. One serum (No. 4) was inhibited by A‐active glycoproteins from human saliva and ovarian cyst fluids and from porcine mucosa, as well as by a polysaccharide derived from gastric cancer; it has an anti‐A‐like specificity. The other serum (No. 6) was inhibited by A and B glycoproteins, by a blood group precursor glycoprotein and by the same gastric cancer polysaccharide; it seems to have a wider specificity directed towards both A‐ and B‐like structures. It is not known what caused production of these antibodies but it may be significant that they occurred in members of a family at high risk for developing colon cancer.
Fibronectin and anchorage‐independent and anchorage‐dependent growth of benign and malignant cell lines
Authors: Dodson Melvin G. , Gelder Frank B. , Slota John , Lange Charles 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe presence of fibronectin in three “malignant” (AU‐471, AU‐436, LT‐2) and two “benign” (BHK‐21, WI‐38) cell lines was demonstrated with a fluorescent antibody technique; two malignant (AU‐471, AU‐436) cell lines were fibronectin‐negative and one (LT‐2) retained fibronectin expression. One “benign” cell line (WI‐38) expressed fibronectin, the other (BHK‐21) did not. Anchorage‐independent soft agar (AISA) growth correlated better with loss of fibronectin than with malignant potential. All three fibronectin‐negative cell lines (benign and malignant) grew anchorage‐independently (AU‐471, AU‐436, BHK‐21), and both fibronectin‐positive cell lines were anchorage‐dependent (LT‐2, WI‐38). Surprisingly, the addition of Clg to anchorage‐independent cells increased their anchorage‐independent soft‐agar cloning efficiency, but had no effect on anchorage‐dependent cell lines. Anti‐Clg antibodies decreased AISA growth. The effect of Clg on anchorage‐independent growth varied with the concentration, and also between cell lines, and a variation in effect was noted between anchorage‐independent (AISA) and anchorage‐dependent (in flasks) growth even in the same cell line.
Human T‐cell leukemia virus type I: Induction of syncytia and inhibition by patients' sera
Authors: Nagy Károly , Clapham Paul , Cheingsong‐Popov Rachanee , Weiss Robin A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHTLV‐producing T‐cell lines induce cell fusion when cocultivated with a wide variety of indicator cells, suggesting that HTLV envelope antigens interact with the membranes of many cell types. Serum antibodies from adult T‐cell lymphoma‐leukemia (ATL) patients inhibited the formation of syncytia, and sera from British, American and Japanese ATL patients inhibited cell fusion induced by American and Japanese HTLV isolates equally well. No serological cross‐inhibition of syncytium induction was found between HTLV and bovine leukosis virus, Moloney murine leukemia virus and simian sarcoma‐associated virus. A simple syncytium inhibition test in microtiter plates has been developed to provide a rapid screen for antibodies presumed to be specific to HTLV envelope glycoproteins.