bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Age at the Time of Implant Installation is Correlated with Increased Loss of Osseointegrated Implants in the Temporal Bone
Authors: Drinias Vassilis , Granström Gösta , Tjellström Anders 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTBackground  The implant failure rate in temporal bone has been reported to be about 5 to 10% over a 10‐year period. A number of our elderly patients have shown increased failure rates over a long time period, which is the reason for the present study.Purpose  The aim of the present study was to find out if age is correlated with implant failure and to measure blood flow in implant sites.Materials and Methods  The long‐time survival of 131 osseointegrated implants installed in the temporal bones of 81 patients was correlated with the age of the patient at the time of installation. The blood flow in 37 fixture installation sites in 22 patients was recorded by means of laser Doppler flowmetry.Results  The mean implant failure rate in the study group was 9.8% after a mean follow‐up time of 7.6 years. There was a significant increase of implant failure in patients above 60 years of age. There was further a trend that implants used for the bone‐anchored hearing aid were lost to a higher proportion than implants used for bone‐anchored episthesis. There was also a trend that female patients lost fewer implants than males. Blood flow in the temporal bone correlated well with the age of the patient in that the highest values were recorded from the youngest patients.Conclusions  Increasing age affects failures of osseointegrated implants in the temporal bone. Blood flow is higher in the child’s temporal bone, a factor that can be of importance to understand why age influences implant survival.
Determination of the Minimum Population Size of Pumas (Puma concolor) Through Fecal DNA Analysis in Two Protected Cerrado Areas in the Brazilian Southeast
Authors: Miotto Renata Alonso , Rodrigues Fernando Pacheco , Ciocheti Giordano , Galetti Pedro Manoel 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTPumas (Puma concolor) are an endangered species due to habitat loss and the ever‐growing conflict with expanding human populations. We used genetic analysis of feces, a noninvasive study method, to determine the presence of pumas and their estimated minimum population in two protected areas in the northeast of São Paulo State, Brazil: Jataí Ecological Station and Vassununga State Park. We were able to identify the species that originally deposited the feces by means of amplification of a portion of the mitochondrial cytochromebgene and comparison of this fragment with reference sequences from pumas and other carnivores present in the region. We used a panel containing four microsatellitelocito individualize each of the samples collected. Among the 20 fecal samples, we identified 10 as clearly belonging to pumas and two as belonging to ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), a species sympatric withP. concolor. By plotting the feces sampling points against a satellite image, we determined the presence of at least nine puma individuals in the region, three in the Jataí Ecological Station, four in the Vassununga State Park, and two in their surroundings. The identity probability was 0.0001 and the occurrence of allelic dropout was 10.6 percent. The presence of pumas, the estimate of their minimum population size, as well as their distribution, constitute an important tool for the implementation of management and conservation programs in the areas studied and their surroundings.
OXIDATIVE STABILITY, COOKING YIELD AND TEXTURE OF PORK TREATED WITH A LOW‐SODIUM SALT
Authors: WETTASINGHE M. , SHAHIDI F. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe effect of a low‐sodium salt mixture (LSSM) on the characteristics of cooked ground pork was investigated. LSSM, similar to NaCl, exhibited a minor but definite prooxidative effect in the system examined. The cooking yield of meat containing 1% LSSM was 69.8% compared to 74.3% for 1% NaCl. The cooking yields of samples with 2 and 3% LSSM were similar to those containing 2 and 3% of NaCl, respectively (p > 0.05). Maximum shear force values of samples containing 1% LSSM and 1% NaCl were similar. However, the maximum shear force values of meats treated with LSSM at 2 and 3% LSSM (19.1 and 24.8 kg) were lower (P < 0.05) than those containing 2 and 3% NaCl (21.9 and 27.0 kg). Addition of LSSM or NaCl to ground pork also enhanced the cooking yield and firmness over those containing no salt. The color characteristics of cooked pork remained generally unaffected by LSSM.
THE SHEAR FORCE OF VERY‐RAPIDLY CHILLED LAMB 1: THE EFFECT OF CARCASS SPLITTING
Authors: McGEEHIN B. , REDMOND G.A. , SHERIDAN J.J. , BUTLER F. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe effect on tenderness of splitting lamb carcasses longitudinally under very‐rapid chilling conditions was investigated. Whole (unsplit) and split carcasses were chilled in very‐rapid chilling conditions (−20C for 3.5 h followed by chilling at 4C for 20.5 h) and conventional chilling conditions (4C for 24 h), giving a total of four treatments. Loin (M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum) shear force was measured at f and S days postmortem by Warner‐Bratiler shear force measurement. By 5 days postmortem, split carcasses were not different (P>0.05) in shear force to unsplit carcasses when conventionally chilled but differences (P<0.05) were present between unsplit and split carcasses when very‐rapidly chilled (57.7 N vs 41.5 N, respectively).
STUDIES OF COW BEEF TENDERNESS ENHANCEMENT THROUGH SUPERSONIC‐HYDRODYNAMIC SHOCK WAVE TREATMENT
Authors: MARRIOTT N.G. , WANG H. , SOLOMON M.B. , MOODY W.G. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTLongissimus samples were removed from each side of 17 U.S. Commercial and Utility carcasses (Experiments A, B, and C). The samples were randomly assigned to supersonic‐hydrodynamic shock wave treatment (SSW) or no treatment (C). Total energy and maximum peak force data were obtained for all treatments. Sensory evaluation (for Experiments A and C) included subjective ratings for myofibrillar tenderness. juiciness, connective tissue amount, and overall tenderness. Also, thaw loss, cooking loss, and collagen solubility were determined. The effects of supersonic‐hydrodynamic shock treatment on the reduction of shear force and sensory values for all studies were minimal. Thaw loss (Experiment B only), cooking loss, CIE L* a* b* values, collagen solubility and standard plate counts were unaffected (P>0.05) by treatment. Further research with less tender beef should indicate if tenderness improvement can be attained through a closer accoustical match with water and improved techniques for administering shock wave treatment.
HALOTHANE GENOTYPE, CHILLING AND LOCATION WITHIN MUSCLE: EFFECTS ON PORK QUALITY
Authors: OHENE‐ADJEI S. , ELLIS M. , McKEITH F. K. , BREWER M. S. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTIntact sides were subjected to accelerated chill (AC: −30C for 2.5 h, 4C for 20–22 h) or conventional chill (CC: 4C for 22–24 h). Color, drip loss, and pH were evaluated 24 h postmonem at three sites (inner, mid, and outer) in the Semimembranosus (SM) and Biceps femoris (BF) with the inner site closest to the femur. Zle Longissimus thoracis (LT) and the Longissimus lumborum (LL) were also evaluated. Accelerated chill improved color and drip loss of the Longissimus muscle. Accelerated chill had no fleet on the quality measurements of the ham, although site differences occurred. The fleets of genotype on color, drip loss, and pH in the loin and ham muscles were not consistent in the muscle groups studied. Compared to CC, AC has beneficial fleets on fresh pork quality of the Longissimus muscle, but not the ham muscles.
CONSUMER ACCEPTABILITY OF PROCESSED OSTRICH MEAT PRODUCTS
Authors: McKENNA D. R. , MORRIS C. A. , KEETON J. T. , MILLER R. K. , HALE D. S. , HARRIS S. D. , SAVELL J. W. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTTwo value‐added ostrich meat product prototypes were prepared and evaluated by a consumer panel (n = 132) against similar products manufactured entirely from pork. Ostrich “ham” and a control pork ham product were prepared by a traditional ham cure, and Polish sausage products were formulated with either all‐pork or a 67% ostrich/33 % pork blend and processed with a commercial spice blend. Ostrich “ham“ tended to be rated lower (P = 0.0537) in salt intensity, but had higher flavor intensity ratings. Consumers gave pork ham more favorable ratings for overall acceptability (P< 0.01) and flavor acceptability (P< 0.05). For Polish sausage products, overall acceptability, flavor acceptability, flavor intensity, salt intensity, texture and tenderness were not different (P > 0.05) between all‐pork and ostrich/pork varieties. Results indicate that value‐added ostrich meat products were more acceptable when they were more finely ground, spiced, and combined with pork in a sausage product than when they were prepared as a “ham“ product.
KINETICS OF PIGMENT DEGRADATION IN SLICED COOKED HAM
Authors: MATTOS ELISANGELA C. , NOREÑA CACIANO P.Z. , BRANDELLI ADRIANO 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTSliced cooked ham was vacuum packaged and held in the dark at −15C. 10C, and 30C, and at 10C in the light, for up to 96 h. At 24 h intervals, samples were analyzed for pigment concentration by spectrophotometry. A decrease in pigment concentration was observed over time under all conditions. Pigment degradation increased at higher temperatures and with light exposure. Kinetic parameters were determined, indicating that pigment degradation follows first order kinetics and the temperature dependence of these reactions indicated an Arrhenius relationship. The activation energy was 3.3 kcal/mol. The visible spectra for the extracted pigments in cooked ham showed the typical pattern of nitrosylmyoglobin. Pigments extracted from ham displayed in the light had spectra with similar absorption maxima to those from those stored in the dark.
EFFECT OF IRRADIATION ON CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF GROUND BEEF PATTIES
Authors: LORENZEN C. L. , HEYMANN H. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated nonirradiated and irradiated beef patties of good and poor color using descriptive analysis and consumer panels. A trained descriptive analysis panel (n = 10) evaluated samples on a 10‐cm unstructured line scale anchored on both ends. Consumers (n = 94) rated patties on a nine‐point hedonic scale where 1 = dislike extremely and 9 = like extremely. Irradiated patties were less gray and redder (P< 0.05) in external appearance than controls. Irradiated patties with poor color had a drier (P< 0.05) surface appearance than controls and irradiated patties with good color. Irradiated patties with good color had a mister mouthfeel (P< 0.05) than irradiated patties with poor color. Irradiated beef patties with good color had higher liking of juiciness ratings than controls (P< 0.05). however, no difference was detected between good and poor color irradiated patties (P > 0.05). There were no treatment differences for overall liking of the beef patties (P > 0.05).
LIGHT SCATTERING, FIBER OPTIC‐ AND CELL‐BASED SENSORS FOR SENSITIVE DETECTION OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Authors: BHUNIA ARUN K. , BANADA PADMAPRIYA , BANERJEE PRATIK , VALADEZ ANGELA , HIRLEMAN E. DANIEL 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT Rapid and sensitive detection tools are essential in pathogen control and prevention in food and in food processing facilities. The conventional culture methods provide reliable results but the analysis time, labor and the cost associated with these methods often pose a great inconvenience to industrial applications. Biosensor‐based detection methods are considered to be promising emerging technologies which are capable of fulfilling the current needs in providing results rapidly with improved sensitivity and specificity. In this review we described three cutting‐edge optical sensor technologies: light scattering, fiber optic‐ and cell‐based sensors, which are proven to be useful in pathogen detection from food samples.
Measurement of LNAPL Flow Using Single‐Well Tracer Dilution Techniques
Authors: Sale Tom , Taylor Geoffrey Ryan , Iltis Gabriel , Lyverse Mark 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the use of single‐well tracer dilution techniques to resolve the rate of light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) flow through wells and the adjacent geologic formation. Laboratory studies are presented in which a fluorescing tracer is added to LNAPL in wells. An in‐well mixer keeps the tracer well mixed in the LNAPL. Tracer concentrations in LNAPL are measured through time using a fiber optic cable and a spectrometer. Results indicate that the rate of tracer depletion is proportional to the rate of LNAPL flow through the well and the adjacent formation. Tracer dilution methods are demonstrated for vertically averaged LNAPL Darcy velocities of 0.00048 to 0.11 m/d and LNAPL thicknesses of 9 to 24 cm. Over the range of conditions studied, results agree closely with steady‐state LNAPL flow rates imposed by pumping. A key parameter for estimating LNAPL flow rates in the formation is the flow convergence factor α. Measured convergence factors for 0.030‐inch wire wrap, 0.030‐inch‐slotted polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and 0.010‐inch‐slotted PVC are 1.7, 0.91, and 0.79, respectively. In addition, methods for using tracer dilution data to determine formation transmissivity to LNAPL are presented. Results suggest that single‐well tracer dilution techniques are a viable approach for measuring in situ LNAPL flow and formation transmissivity to LNAPL.
Complexation of Aqueous Elements by DOC in a Clay Aquitard
Authors: Reszat Thorsten N. , Hendry M. Jim 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe extent of partitioning of several elements (Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, U, and Zn) on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was investigated in pore water samples collected from a clay‐rich aquitard. High DOC concentrations in the aquitard, ranging from 21 to 143 mg C/L, and natural aqueous metal concentrations higher than in most ground water environments facilitated complexation studies at this site. Analyses were conducted using on‐line coupling of asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation with ultraviolet, total organic carbon, and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry detectors. Of the elements investigated, only U and Zn were complexed with all DOC samples, ranging from 2.2 to 60 μg U/g DOC (0.4% to 3% of the total U in the pore water) and 0.04 to 0.5 μg Zn/g DOC (0.1% to 0.9% of the total Zn in the pore water), respectively. Laboratory experiments conducted over a range in pH (1.3 to 9.7) and geochemical modeling supported the measured complexation of U and Zn on the DOC. The in situ association constant, Kd, for U decreased with depth from 76 mL/g C for pore water samples at 2.2 m below ground (BG) to 24 mL/g C at 9.7 m BG. The decrease was attributed to a decrease in aromaticity of the DOC with depth. Zn Kdconstants ranged from 2 to 12 mL/g C and exhibited no trend with depth. Results of the current study suggest minor masses of U and Zn (less than or equal to 4% of total) complex with this DOC under in situ pH conditions. Our data suggest that competitive complexation by other ligands may limit the importance of DOC‐facilitated transport of the elements studied in water of similar chemical composition.
Using Hydraulic Head Measurements in Variable‐Density Ground Water Flow Analyses
Authors: Post Vincent , Kooi Henk , Simmons Craig 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe use of hydraulic head measurements in ground water of variable density is considerably more complicated than for the case of constant‐density ground water. A theoretical framework for dealing with these complications does exist in the current literature but suffers from a lack of awareness among many hydrogeologists. When corrections for density variations are ignored or not properly taken into account, misinterpretation of both ground water flow direction and magnitude may result. This paper summarizes the existing theoretical framework and provides practical guidelines for the interpretation of head measurements in variable‐density ground water systems. It will be argued that, provided that the proper corrections are taken into account, fresh water heads can be used to analyze both horizontal and vertical flow components. To avoid potential confusion, it is recommended that the use of the so‐called environmental water head, which was initially introduced to facilitate the analysis of vertical ground water flow, be abandoned in favor of properly computed fresh water head analyses. The presented methodology provides a framework for determining quantitatively when variable‐density effects on ground water flow need to be taken into account or can be justifiably neglected. Therefore, we recommend that it should become part of all hydrogeologic analyses in which density effects are suspected to play a role.
Growth Response and Resistance to Streptococcus iniae of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, Fed Diets Containing Distiller’s Dried Grains with Solubles
Authors: Lim Chhorn , Garcia Julio C. , Yildirim‐Aksoy Mediha , Klesius Phillip H. , Shoemaker Craig A. , Evans Joyce J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth, body composition, hematology, and resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, to Streptococcus iniae challenge. Five isocaloric diets containing DDGS at levels of 0, 10, 20, and 40%, and 40% DDGS + lysine (Diets 1–5) as partial replacements of a combination of soybean meal (SBM) and corn meal (CM) on an equal protein basis were fed to juvenile Nile tilapia (9.41 ± 0.14 g) for 10 wk. Fish fed Diet 4 had the lowest weight gain (WG), feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio (PER), and whole‐body protein. Supplementation of lysine to the 40% DDGS diet (Diet 5) improved WG and PER. Hematological and immunological parameters were not affected by dietary treatment. There were no significant differences among the average number of days to first mortality after S. iniae challenge and cumulative mortality 14 d postchallenge among fish in various treatments. DDGS can be incorporated in tilapia diet at a level of 20% as a substitute for a combination of SBM and CM without affecting their growth performance, body composition, hematological parameters, immune response, and resistance to S. iniae infection.
Current and Future Trends of Climatic Extremes in Switzerland
Authors: Beniston Martin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article provides an overview of extreme climatic events that are a feature of current and future climate that require full understanding if they are to be assessed in terms of social and economic costs. A review is made of the type of events that are important in mid‐latitudes, with examples taken from the heat waves, floods and wind‐storms that have affected Switzerland during the twentieth century. Regional climate model results are also presented for a scenario conducted over Europe. These simulations suggest that there may be significant shifts in the frequency and intensity of many forms of extremes as a warmer global climate progressively replaces current climate. In view of the potential losses in human, economic and environmental terms, extreme events and their future evolution need to carefully assessed in order to formulate appropriate adaptation strategies aimed at minimizing the negative impacts that extremes are capable of generating.
Equivalence Between Short-Time Biphasic and Incompressible Elastic Material Responses
Authors: Ateshian Gerard A. , Ellis Benjamin J. , Weiss Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPorous-permeable tissues have often been modeled using porous media theories such as the biphasic theory. This study examines the equivalence of the short-time biphasic and incompressible elastic responses for arbitrary deformations and constitutive relations from first principles. This equivalence is illustrated in problems of unconfined compression of a disk, and of articular contact under finite deformation, using two different constitutive relations for the solid matrix of cartilage, one of which accounts for the large disparity observed between the tensile and compressive moduli in this tissue. Demonstrating this equivalence under general conditions provides a rationale for using available finite element codes for incompressible elastic materials as a practical substitute for biphasic analyses, so long as only the short-time biphasic response is sought. In practice, an incompressible elastic analysis is representative of a biphasic analysis over the short-term response δt⪡Δ2∕∥C4∥∥K∥, where Δ is a characteristic dimension, C4 is the elasticity tensor, and K is the hydraulic permeability tensor of the solid matrix. Certain notes of caution are provided with regard to implementation issues, particularly when finite element formulations of incompressible elasticity employ an uncoupled strain energy function consisting of additive deviatoric and volumetric components.
Determination of Strain Gradient Plasticity Length Scale for
Microelectronics Solder Alloys
Authors: Gomez Juan , Basaran Cemal 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Strain gradient plasticity theories that have emerged during recent years to provide an explanation for size dependent behavior exhibited by some materials have also created a need for additional material parameters. In this study on Pb∕Sn solder alloys’ material length scale, which is needed for use in strain gradient plasticity type constitutive models, is determined. The value of length scale is in agreement with values available in literature for different materials like copper, nickel, and aluminum.
Cross-Verification of Thermal Characterization of a
Microcooler
Authors: Kohári Zs. , Bognár Gy. , Horváth Gy. , Poppe A. , Rencz M. , Székely V. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The thermal behavior of a microcooler has been investigated using two different measurement methods to verify their feasibility. On the one hand structure function derived from the thermal measurements was used, while on the other hand, characterization was done with a heat-flux sensor array. The measurement sample was a square nickel plate microcooler holding 128 microchannels in radial arrangement. In our previous studies it was attached to a power transistor which was used as a dissipator and a temperature sensor. The thermal transient response to a dissipation step of the transistor was recorded in the measurement. The measured transients (cooling curves) were transformed into structure functions from which the partial thermal resistance corresponding to the cooling assembly was identified. In the current study the measurement setup was completed by a heat-flux sensor inbetween the dissipator and the microcooler to be able to verify the results extracted via structure functions. In this way we could compare the heat-transfer coefficient (HTC) values obtained from the identified thermal resistances to those calculated directly from the measured heat-flux values. Good matching of the HTC values resulting from the two different methods was found.