bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brandy Snap
Authors: Spence Charles , Sanchez Carlos Chulia , Youssef Jozef 
Published: March 2024

This paper looks at brandy snaps, toffee apples, candy floss, boiled sweets, and exotic fruits such as coconuts that have been prominent treats at British and colonial fairgrounds for well over a century. Taking inspiration from the brandy snap, the authors then introduce a new dish, comprising a selection of canapés, called ‘All the fun of the fair,’ which taps into this aspect of British food history.
Determination of chromatographic conditions for quantitative assessment of active components in complex nasal spray after manufacturing and expiry date
Authors: Cherniakova Valeriia , Myhal Artem , Rudiuk Vitalii , Kryvanych Oleksandr , Rudakova Olha , Tugaibei Igor , Bevz Nataliia , Georgiyants Victoriya 
Published: March 2024

The aim of the work is the development of chromatographic conditions, the study of the validation characteristics of the method of quantitative determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride, nitrofural, lidocaine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine hydrochloride, panthenol, povidone in the joint presence in the nasal spray by a complex method of liquid chromatography with UV detection. Evaluation of the quantitative content of active components after manufacturing and during the shelf life.
Materials and methods. Agilent 1260 liquid chromatographs, equipped with a diode-matrix detector from the company "Agilent technologies", USA. Chromatographic columns 250×4.6 mm in size, filled with octadecylsilyl silica gel for chromatography (Zorbax StableBond SB-Aq, Agilent company), mobile phase A - phosphate buffer solution pH 7.0 - acetonitrile P (1650:350), mobile phase B – acetonitrile P; elution mode – gradient; mobile phase flow rate – 1.0 ml/min; detection wavelengths – 220 nm (for panthenol, phenylephrine, povidone, diphenhydramine) and 235 nm (for nitrofural and lidocaine).
Results. Chromatographic separation conditions were developed for the co-presence determination of six target substances: panthenol, phenylephrine hydrochloride, nitrofural, povidone, lidocaine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine hydrochloride. The suitability of the technique for this task was confirmed by determining the validation characteristics. The methodology at the appropriate level is characterized by specificity, linearity, correctness and convergence in the range of application for panthenol (range 20.33-38.26 mg/ml, ΔZ=0.93 ≤ max ΔZ=3.20, a=0.63 max a=5.12, r = 0.9978 min r= 0.9924), phenylephrine hydrochloride (range 1,70-3,21 mg/ml, ΔZ=0.51 ≤ max ΔZ=3.20, a=0.15 max a=5.12, r = 0.9984 min r= 0.9924), nitrofural (range 0.137-0.257 mg/ml, ΔZ=0.91 ≤ max ΔZ=3.20, a=0.032 max a=5.12, r = 0.9987 min r= 0.9924) povidone (range 20,44-38,50 mg/ml, ΔZ=0.23 ≤ max ΔZ=3.20, a=2,33 max a=5.12, r = 0.9942 min r= 0.9924), lidocaine hydrochloride (range 6,80-12,81 mg/ml, ΔZ=0.34 ≤ max ΔZ=3.20, a=0.66 max a=5.12, r = 0.9988 min r= 0.9924), diphenhydramine hydrochloride (range 1,36-2,56 mg/ml, ΔZ=0.20 ≤ max ΔZ=3.20, a=0.15 max a=5.12, r = 0.9980 min r= 0.9924). There are no significant changes when stored at 25 °C for 6 months.
Conclusions. An analytical method of quantitative determination of the component composition in an extemporaneous nasal spray by a complex method of high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed. The determined validation parameters confirm the correctness of the methodology. The chemical stability of the dosage form is observed for 6 months
Development of antifungal gel, composition and technology based on pomiferin metabolite isolated from fruits of Maclura aurantiaca growing in Kazakhstan
Authors: Mombekov Serzhan , Orazbekov Yerkebulan , Sadykova Nurila , Kozhamzharova Assel , Sharipova Sarzhan , Makhatov Zhaksylyk , Pushkarskaya Nazym 
Published: March 2024

The aim. The purpose of this study is to develop the optimal composition and rational gel technology under the conventional name "Kaz-P7" based on the antifungal pomiferin.
Materials and methods. The object of the study is the substance pomiferin.
Based on the physicochemical properties of the gel (poorly soluble in water) and technological properties structurant - Carbopol Ultrez 20 (swelling) chosen optimal solvent system: DMSO-PG-water (1:4:1) corresponding to the maximum solubility of drug and polymer provides swelling.
Following the requirements of GF RK I, vol. 1, 2.2.8, 2.2.10 was determined by rotational viscometric method. Rheological properties of the sample are determined using rotational viscometer "Rheolab QC" (firm "Anton Paar", Austria) with coaxial cylinders CC27/S-SN29766 determined. The rheological parameters were studied at a temperature of 20 °C – 35 °C using the MLM U15c thermostat included in the rheostat.
Results. Gel dosage forms provide better bioavailability of the drug substance. In addition, gels are a more modern dosage form, pleasant in terms of organoleptic characteristics.
The technology of gel manufacturing consists of two parallel processes: preparation of the drug substance solution and its introduction into the base. From the point of view of biopharmacy, which studies the biological effect of drugs depending on their physical properties, dosage form and preparation technology, the greatest release of the drug substance occurs when it is introduced into the dosage form in dissolved form.
Pomiferin administered in the dissolved state has the most therapeutic effect on the gel base. At the same time, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were dissolved in different solvents with gradual heating. The ratio of solvents DMSO-PG-water (1:4:1) at which the developed dosage form will be more structured, stable, and thixotropic gel is established.
Conclusions. Fungal skin diseases are among the most frequently discussed problems in the literature. The relevance of this topic is determined by the high prevalence of pathogens, which account for 37-42 % of all skin diseases. It was experimentally established that for the complete neutralization of one gm of carbopol Ultraz 20 in the DMSO-PG-water solvent system (1:4:1), one gm of triethanolamine (pH 7.0) is consumed. The optimal diluent consisting of DMSO-PG- water in the ratio (1:4:1) was selected by physico-chemical analysis methods, and one gm of triethanolamine (pH 7.0) was selected as the neutralizing agent. The following composition was chosen as the optimal gel model: API-3.0, DMSO-3.0, PG-50.0, Carbopol Ultrez 20-1.0, and Triethanolamine-1.0. The optimal composition and technology of the gel codenamed "Kaz-P7" based on the substance obtained by pomiferin was developed
Comprehensive physicochemical characterization of Algerian coal powders for the engineering of advanced sustainable materials
Authors: Ferfar Meriem , Sakher Elfahem , Bouras Amina , Benselhoub Aissa , Hachemi Nadir , Massaoudi Mohammed , Dovbash Nadiia , Bellucci Stefano 
Published: March 2024

The object of the research is the intriguing and versatile material known as coal that attracted a lot of attention lately because of its potential use in a variety of fields, including cutting-edge building materials, environmental remediation methods, and creative energy storage solutions. This study presents an extensive characterization of Algerian natural coal powders, employing a multifaceted analytical approach that includes Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman Spectroscopy, to reveal their physicochemical properties including morphology, particle size distribution, crystalline structure, and functional groups.
The SEM analysis unveiled a heterogeneous morphology with a broad particle size distribution, indicative of the coal's complex structure. The XRD findings, refined using Rietveld analysis, distinguish Carbon (C) and Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) as the primary phases, with crystallite sizes measuring 18.7539 nm for C and 16.6291 nm for SiO2. These phases constitute 98.8 % and 12 % of the composition, respectively, while the presence of quartz underscores the coal’s geological background and its thermal resilience.
Regarding the results of the FTIR spectroscopy, absorption peaks corresponding to various functional groups are highlighted, suggesting a rich organic and inorganic composition. Raman spectroscopy corroborates the presence of disordered and graphitic carbon structures, emphasizing the coal's potential for diverse applications. These findings underline the significance of Algerian coal powders for environmental remediation, energy storage, and advanced construction materials, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy solutions.
Avaliação Formativa na Preceptoria da Residência Multiprofissional em Atenção Básica/Saúde da Família
Authors: Rodrigues Silva Islandia Maria 
Published: March 2024

Objetivos: Estimular as práticas avaliativas formativas para os preceptores do Programa da Residência Multiprofissional, da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Parnaíba-PI; implantar instrumentos de monitoramento/avaliação no Programa local; e relatar a vivência do uso do Arco de Maguerez utilizado para nortear o processo. Descrição da experiência: Relato de experiência sobre uma intervenção realizada nos anos 2022 e 2023, mediante atuação na preceptoria em um Programa de Residência Multiprofissional da cidade Parnaíba, Piauí. O trabalho utilizou a metodologia do Arco de Maguerez, percorrendo cinco etapas: Observação da Realidade, Pontos-chave, Teorização, Hipóteses de Solução e Aplicação à Realidade. A aplicação do Arco possibilitou observar situações inquietantes no contexto do ensino e dos processos avaliativos do Programa local, bem como teorizar sobre eles. Assim, levantaram-se hipóteses de soluções exequíveis, envolvendo preceptores e Coordenação do Programa na região. Foram realizadas ações para melhoria dos processos de ensino aos residentes, focando na avaliação formativa. Também foram construídos, validados e implantados instrumentos de monitoramento. Conclusões: Este estudo teve como ponto de partida a realidade local, transformando-a. O Arco fora uma potente ferramenta problematizadora, cuja execução levou à dissolução da situação-problema. Através da implantação de novos processos de avaliação, bem como dos instrumentos de monitoramento, este estudo trouxe benefícios ao ensino da preceptoria no Programa de Residência Multiprofissional da região.

Palavras-chave: Atenção Primária à Saúde; Educação em Saúde; Educação Profissional em Saúde Pública; Preceptoria.
Pengelolaan Budi daya Rumput Laut dengan Pendekatan Sosial-Ekonomi dan Ekologi di Pulau Pari
Authors: Neksidin Neksidin , Triyono Triyono , Murtini Sri 
Published: March 2024

Seaweed plays an essential role in the people's economy in Pari Island because its cultivation has been the main livelihood for a long time. Currently, seaweed cultivation activities are no longer found, possibly due to tourism activities that directly degrade the cultivation activities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the status of sustainability and determine the strategy of cultivation management in 5 aspects: ecological, social, economic, institutional, and infrastructure. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources related to socio-ecology in Pari Island. The assessment of the level of sustainability in each dimension was carried out using multidimensional scaling analysis, and a fairly sustainable average suitability value was obtained, namely the infrastructure (73.37), institutional (71.24), ecological (62.48), and economics (62.16). Meanwhile, the dimension with a very suitable sustainability value is the social dimension, with a value of 76.33, meaning that it is very suitable. Overall, the sustainability of seaweed cultivation, if viewed from several dimensions, shows the level of suitability of cultivation, both in terms of infrastructure, institutions, ecology, and economics. However, several dimensions, such as economic and ecological dimensions, must still be considered and continue to be encouraged so that sustainability can be achieved in all dimensions.

Keywords: cultivation, management, Pari Island, seaweed, socio-ecology
Peningkatan Keterampilan Praktik Pertanian yang Baik Petani Sawit Swadaya di Kabupaten Sambas
Authors: Lestari Herades Difa , Nurliza Nurliza , Oktoriana Shenny 
Published: March 2024

Good oil palm cultivation contributes to the progress of the national economy by earning foreign exchange and income, creating jobs, and increasing welfare. However, independent palm oil farming has low productivity and quality due to limited knowledge and skills of GAP (Good Agriculture Practices). The research aims to formulate improvements in GAP skills, including technical skills, human skills, and conceptual skills, using skills theory and the concept of sustainability. The research method was descriptive-quantitative with Multidimensional Scaling using the Rap-Palm Oil program on 100 respondents in Sambas Regency, one of the centers of independent oil palm smallholders in West Kalimantan. The results showed that conceptual skills through extension activities are prioritized in improving GAP skills. Therefore, counseling methods through demonstration plots, comparative studies, and field schools can be an effort to improve GAP skills for sustainable management of oil palm farming.

Keywords: good agriculture practices, multidimensional scaling, palm oil, skills
Variasi Spasial Kepadatan Cacing Kacang di Pantai Toronipa Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Bahtiar Bahtiar , Purnama Muhammad Fajar , Trisnawati Ria , Anjarsari Ela , Mahmud Wa Ode Defina 
Published: March 2024

The density of peanut worms is concentrated in the subtidal zone and is closely related to the substrate where they live. This research aims to determine spatial variations in peanut worm density. This research was carried out at Toronipa Beach, Southeast Sulawesi from June 2020 to February 2021. Peanut worms were collected using a hand scoop to a depth of ±10 cm in a 10x10 m2 quadrat transect at each station. Data were analyzed using standard formulas and tested using Mann-Whitney and linear regression. The results showed that the highest density of peanut worms was found at station II with a mean value of 12±104 ind/10m2 which was significantly different from stations I and III with densities of 9±52 ind/10m2 and 7±124 ind/10m2 respectively. Five types of seagrass were identified, namely Cymodocea rotundata, Enhalus acoroides, Halodule uninervis, Halophila minor, and Thalassia hemprichii. The number of seagrass species found at stations I, II, and III were 1, 2, and 5, respectively. Peanut worm density was positively correlated with seagrass density with a coefficient of determination of 86.45%. Water quality tends to be the same at all stations, except that organic matter is higher than at stations I and II. The dominant fine sand fraction was found at stations I and III, while very coarse sand was dominantly found at station II. The density of peanut worms on Toronipa Beach is determined by a combination of seagrass density, high levels of organic matter, and the dominant texture of the coarse sand substrate.

Keywords: peanut worm, spatial density, Sulawesi, water quality
Føroysk og japansk fuglastong
Authors: Joensen Robert 
Published: March 2024

For centuries the Faroese »fuglastong« (an instrument used in birdcatching) has been of vital importance to the Faroese population. We do not know how long it has been used in the Faroe Islands. Several place-names bear witness of this fowling method in the Faroe Islands (Matras 1933), and 300 years ago the »fuglastong« is mentionned in Tarnovius (1669). — As far as we know the »fuglastong« has not been used by other coastal populations round the Atlantic Ocean than the Faroese, until 1875 when it was introduced into Iceland (Johnson 1946) from the Faroe Islands.
The above article draws a comparison between the Faroese and the Japanese »fuglastong«. — Fig. 1 and 2 show the Faroese »fuglastong« and fig. 3 and 4 the Japanese. The drawing of the latter dates from 1897 (Machpherson 1897). — For at least 300 years the shape of the Faroese »fuglastong« has been practically unchanged.
All the main components of the Faroese and the Japanese »fuglastong« are identical. They are (see fig. 2): a handle (stangartræið VIII), a pair of ash supports or arms (sfangararmarnir III), a so>called horn (hornið VI), (the Japanese »fuglastong« has a crossbar that serves the same purpose), a net (netið II), a cord drawn through the meshes of the netand connecting the front ends of the arms (fyritráðurin I), a cord drown through the meshes nearest to the horn and fastened to it (kósarbandið IV), a cord with which the arms are bound to the handle (vavið or íbindits VII).
It has been held that the »fuglastong« was of Faroese invention and only to be found in the Faroe Islands until it came to Iceland from here. The fact that an almost identical instrument is also used in Japan, raises the question whether there is any connection between these two instruments or whether the very great similiarily of the Faroese and the Japanese »fuglastong« is a mere coincidence. The present writer would appreciate every information that might throw light on this question. (Adress: Klaksvík, the Faroe Islands).
Eitt sindur um setningar
Authors: Joensen Robert 
Published: March 2024

Information from books mentionned in the Bibliography as well as my own notes, which I owe to old people from some villages (see footnote on page 63), provide the material for this paper. The pattern of life and work in the old Faroese peasant community had been pnctically unchanged for centuries when, in the middle of the 19th century, changes set in, especially after 1870 when the Faroese had begun fishery from decked vessels.
In older days the work was organized in such a way that male and female servants were ordered to perform a certain amount of work a day. They were as well ordered to perform a certain amount of work for a winter evening. These works were known under the names of »dagssetningur« and »kvøldsetningur« respectively (what has been set up for a cfay's work, and what has been set up for an evening's work).
This paper gives an account of »setningar« with regard to carding, spinning, knitting, weaving, cultivating, turfscutting, bird*plucking, haycutting, cornscutting, »at ripa« (pressing the straws of the barley through the teeth of a special comb in order to wrench off the ears), »at lata av sorni« (preparing the corn for milling), »at raka neytshúð« (removing the hairs fram the cow's hide), »at raka seyðaskinn« (removing the hairs from the sheep's skin), slaughtering, and kneading tallow. Finally»setningar« for children are mentionned, and it is pointed out that whenever possible it has been decided by »setningar« how much work was to be done a day. As to outdoor work the working conditions were very unlike over the islands so that the »setningar« could not be identical, which leads to »setningar« attached to localities. An example is to be found in the paper.
Fólkanøvn í Streymoyar sýslu 1801
Authors: Jákupsstovu Jákup í 
Published: March 2024

Henda fjórða grein um fólkanøvn í Føroyum 1801 viðger fólkanøvnini í Streymoyar sýslu. Hinar fyrru greinirnar stóðuí 14., 15. og 16. bók av Fróðskaparriti og viðgjørdu fólkanøvnini sunnanfjørðs og í Vága sýslu.
Í Streymoyar sýslu búðu í 1801 1.677 fólk, t. e. slakur triðingur av Føroya fólki, sum tá taldi 5.265 fólk. 1 høvuðsstaðnumTórshavn búðu 554 fólk, og var tað triðingur av fólkinum í sýsluni ella stívur tíggjundapartur í landinum.
Svinehold pá Færøerne i ældre tid
Authors: Bjørk E.A. 
Published: March 2024

The article is about keeping swine in the Faroes in old times. In his book about the place-names in the Norðuroyar Chr. Matras tells us, that the place-names show that hogs have been kept here from the oldest time up to the reformation. This is confirmed by the finding of bones of swine from old times at several places, and in the litterature swinekeeping is mentioned by Peder Clausen Friis (1592) and Jens Lauridsen Wolf (1651).
The about 50 place-names with relation to keeping of swine, which are mentioned in the article, are tetling us, that hogs have been kept both in the infield (often near the houses) and in the outfield (sometimes far away).
According to the legend of Snopprikkur from the 16th century food was carried out to the pigs in the outfield. It is also told here that in addition to remains from the housekeeping the hogs were fed with malt. The import of malt is mentioned in the Faroese court-book 1615—54, but only in little quantities, so it must have been impossible to feed many hogs with malt only. Clausen Friis tells that the pigs were fed with »tormentilla« (Potentila erecta). The Faroese name of this plant being bark it is probable that the author has meant svínabark (Ranunculus sp.). Besides plants hogs are eating slugs, insects and worms, and in someother countries they often were fed with fish. Robert Cowie tells that so was with the Shetland hogs. At that time — about 1870 — there were ca. 5.000 hogs in Shetland.
Formerly the number was lesser owing to the damage tihat the hogs were making by rooting the ground, which is mentioned several times in the Shetland court-book 1602—04. It is possible that this damage made by pigs has caused the cessation of the swine-keeping in the Faroes. In the report from the Royal Commission of 1709—10 it is mentiones that hogs were not kept on account of their spoiling of the fields and meadows. Later on — in the 19th and 20th century — it has been tried to revive the keeping of swine in the Faroes, but there have never been many. During the last war the Britisih forces kept a good deal of hogs here, but to day there are no pigs in the Faroes.
Etniska särdrag i den färöiska folksagotraditionen
Authors: Nyman Åsa 
Published: March 2024

ln this article the author gives a short extract from an as yet unpublished study of the folktale tradition of the Faroes. The extract is taken from the chapter dealing with the ethnic characteristics of the folktale tradition of this group of islands. To begin with, she gives examples of how the shape of the tales has been influenced by the environment and she suggests underlying geographical and historical factors. She then points out the necessity of clarifying the function of story-tellingin Faroese community life in order thereby to find the reasons for distinctive characteristics as regards e.g. choice of subject and narrative method.
In her study of the ethnic characteristics of the Faroese folktale tradition, the author thus includes both ecological and functional viewpoints, but also points to the cultural evaluation of the folktale and story-telling in the Faroese community as an ethnic characteristic, tracing in the latter particularly one of the reasons for the distinctive nature of the folktale in the Faroes.
Bókmentaliga virkið hjá Chr. Matras
Authors: Zachariasen Ulf 
Published: March 2024

Skráin fatar um málsligu, bókmentasøguligu og siðsøguligu rit Chr. Matras. Hon er fyri ein part gjørd við skráseting á Føroya landsbókasavni sum grundarlag.
Skaldskapur og týðingar Chr. Matras eru ikki uppi í hesi skrá. Harumframt er at nevna, at sum ritstjóri ymsastaðni og eisini í aðrar mátar hevur Chr. Matras latið mangt úr hondum, ið, hóast týdningarmikið, ikki er nevnt. Á Føroya landsbókasavni ber til at fáa greiSu á hesum.