bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotional processing in male adolescents with childhood‐onset conduct disorder
Authors: Herpertz Sabine C. , Huebner Thomas , Marx Ivo , Vloet Timo D. , Fink Gereon R. , Stoecker Tony , Jon Shah N. , Konrad Kerstin , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate 
Published: June 2008

Background:  Boys with early onset of conduct disorder (CD), most of whom also meet diagnostic criteria of a comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), tend to exhibit high levels of aggression throughout development. While a number of functional neuroimaging studies on emotional processing have been performed in antisocial adults, little is known about how CD children process emotional information.Method:  Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed in 22 male adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with childhood‐onset CD (16 of them with comorbid ADHD) compared to 22 age‐matched male healthy controls. In order to consider the likely confounding of results through ADHD comorbidity, we performed a supplementary study including 13 adolescent subjects with pure ADHD who were compared with healthy controls. To challenge emotional processing of stimuli, a passive viewing task was applied, presenting pictures of negative, positive or neutral valence.Results:  When comparing CD/combined disorder patients with healthy controls, we found enhanced left‐sided amygdala activation in response to negative pictures as compared to neutral pictures in the patient group. In addition, these boys exhibited no reduced activation in the orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate and insular cortices. By contrast, children with pure ADHD did not show any abnormalities in amygdala activation but showed decreased neural activity in the insula only in response to negative pictures.Conclusions:  Increased rather than reduced amygdala activation found in our study may indicate an enhanced response to environmental cues in adolescents with early‐onset CD (most of whom also met the condition of ADHD), and is not consistent with the assumption of a reduced capacity to take note of affective information in the social environment. Further studies with an emphasis on developmental aspects of affect regulation are needed to clarify the relationship between CD and adult personality pathology associated with different modes of persistent antisocial behavior.
Identifying symptoms of ovarian cancer: a qualitative and quantitative study
Authors: Bankhead CR , Collins C , Stokes‐Lampard H , Rose P , Wilson S , Clements A , Mant D , Kehoe ST , Austoker J 
Published: June 2008

Introduction  Symptoms of ovarian cancer are often vague and consequently a high proportion of women with ovarian cancer are not referred to the appropriate clinic.Objective  To identify diagnostic factors for ovarian cancer.Design  A qualitative and quantitative study.Setting  Four UK hospitals.Sample  One hundred and twenty‐four women referred to hospital with suspected ovarian malignancy.Methods  Women were interviewed prior to diagnosis (n = 63), or soon after. A thematic analysis was conducted. Emergent symptoms were quantitatively analysed to identify distinguishing features of ovarian cancer.Main outcomes  Symptoms in women with and without ovarian cancer.Results  Diagnoses comprised 44 malignancies, 59 benign gynaecological pathologies and 21 normal findings. Of the malignancies, 25 women had stage III or more disease, with an average age of 59 years. The benign/normal cohort was significantly younger (48 years). Multivariate analysis revealed persistent abdominal distension (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.3–20.5), postmenopausal bleeding (OR 9.2, 95% CI 1.1–76.1), appetite loss (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1–9.2), early satiety (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.6–15.7) and progressive symptoms (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.3–9.8) as independent, statistically significant variables associated with ovarian cancer. Fluctuating distension was not associated with ovarian cancer (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0–4.1). Women frequently used the term bloating, but this represented two distinct events: persistent abdominal distension and fluctuating distension/discomfort.Conclusions  Ovarian cancer is not a silent killer. Clinicians should distinguish between persistent and fluctuating distension. Recognition of the significance of symptoms described by women could lead to earlier and more appropriate referral.
Should adnexal mass size influence surgical approach? A series of 186 laparoscopically managed large adnexal masses
Authors: Ghezzi F , Cromi A , Bergamini V , Uccella S , Siesto G , Franchi M , Bolis P 
Published: June 2008

Objective  To evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic management of adnexal masses ≥10 cm in size.Design  Prospective cohort study.Setting  Two Gynecology Departments of University Hospitals.Population  All women presenting with an adnexal mass ≥10 cm in diameter were candidates for laparoscopic management. Women were excluded from laparoscopic approach if there was evidence of ascites or gross metastatic disease. Neither the sonographic features of the cyst nor elevated serum CA125 level was used to exclude women from having a laparoscopic approach.Methods  A single operative protocol was followed for all women. All removed specimens were sent for immediate pathological evaluation.Main outcome measures  Rate of conversion to laparotomy, incidence of cancer encountered, and operative complications.Results  One hundred and eighty‐six women underwent laparoscopic evaluation for an adnexal mass of 10 cm or larger in size. The average preoperative mass size was 12.1 ± 4.9 cm. A benign pathological condition was found in 86.6% (161/186) of the women, primary ovarian cancer in 16 (8.6%) women, a metastatic tumour of gastrointestinal origin in 1 (0.5%) woman, and a low malignant potential ovarian tumour in 8 (4.3%) women. Laparoscopic management was successful for 174 (93.5%) women. Reasons for conversion to laparotomy included anticipated technical difficulty (n = 7) and malignancy (n = 5). No intraoperative complications occurred in the entire study group.Conclusions  The vast majority of large adnexal masses can be safely resected laparoscopically, provided that there is expertise in laparoscopic surgery, immediate access to frozen section diagnosis, and preparation of patient to receive an adequate cancer surgery where indicated.
Verapamil buffering effect on the abrupt elevation in blood pressure, linkage with microcirculatory blood flow
Authors: Gmitrov J. 
Published: June 2008

Summary 1 We studied the effects of verapamil on sudden elevation in blood pressure, microcirculation and arterial baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). 2 Thirty experiments (10 controls and 20 with verapamil) were performed in rabbits sedated using pentobarbital infusion (5 mg kg−1 h−1). 3 BRS, mean femoral artery blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and ear lobe skin microcirculatory blood flow, estimated using microphotoelectric plethysmography (MPPG), were simultaneously measured during 30 min of verapamil infusion (20 μg kg−1 min−1). BRS was assessed from HR and MAP responses to intravenous phenylephrine (Ph) and by power spectral analysis using transfer function (TF) from MAP to the HR (BRSPh,TF). 4 Verapamil significantly increased microcirculatory blood flow, and decreased BRSPh,TF and phenylephrine‐induced abrupt elevation in MAP (MAPAE). 5 A significant inverse correlation was found between verapamil‐induced changes in MAPAE, BRS and in microcirculatory blood flow, measured before phenylephrine blood pressure ramps (ΔMAPAE with ΔBRSTF, r = −0.47, P < 0.036; ΔMAPAE with ΔMPPG, r = −0.49, P < 0.025). 6 These results suggest involvement of the arterial baroreflex and vascular blood pressure‐buffering mechanisms, their enhancement by verapamil, and thus a potential benefit of verapamil in cardiovascular conditions where patients present with abrupt high elevations in blood pressure.
Effect of acute unilateral renal denervation on renal hemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Abdulla M. H. , Sattar M. A. , Salman I. M. , Abdullah N. A. , Ameer O. Z. , Khan Md. A. H. , Johns E. J. 
Published: June 2008

Summary 1 This study was undertaken to characterize the renal responses to acute unilateral renal denervation in anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by examining the effect of acute unilateral renal denervation on the renal hemodynamic responses to a set of vasoactive agents and renal nerve stimulation. 2 Twenty‐four male SHR rats underwent acute unilateral renal denervation and the denervation was confirmed by significant drop (P < 0.05) in renal vasoconstrictor response to renal nerve stimulation along with marked diuresis and natriuresis following denervation. After 7 days treatment with losartan, the overnight fasted rats were anaesthetized (sodium pentobarbitone, 60 mg kg−1 i.p.) and renal vasoconstrictor experiments were performed. The changes in the renal vasoconstrictor responses were determined in terms of reductions in renal blood flow caused by renal nerve stimulation or intrarenal administration of noradrenaline, phenylephrine, methoxamine and angiotensin II. 3 The data showed that there was significantly (all P < 0.05) increased renal vascular responsiveness to the vasoactive agents in denervated rats compared to those with intact renal nerves. In losartan‐treated denervated SHR rats, there were significant (all P < 0.05) reductions in the renal vasoconstrictor responses to neural stimuli and vasoactive agents as compared with that of untreated denervated SHR rats. 4 The data obtained in denervated rats suggested an enhanced sensitivity of the α1‐adrenoceptors to adrenergic agonists and possible increase of AT1 receptors functionality in the renal vasculature of these rats. These data also suggested a possible interaction between sympathetic nervous system and renin‐angiotensin system in terms of a crosstalk relationship between renal AT1 and α1‐adrenoceptor subtypes.
Performance analysis of wireless mobile networks with queueing priority and guard channels
Authors: Feng Wei , Kowada Masashi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe blocking probability of originating calls and forced termination probability of handoff calls are important criteria in performance evaluation of integrated wireless mobile communication networks. In this paper, we model call traffic in a single cell in an integrated voice/data wireless mobile network by a finite buffer queueing system with queueing priority and guard channels. We categorize calls into three types of service classes: originating voice calls, handoff voice calls and data calls. The arrival streams of calls are mutually independent Poisson processes, and channel holding times are exponentially distributed with different means. We describe the behavior of the system by a three‐dimensional continuous‐time Markov process and present the explicit expression for steady‐state distribution of queue lengths using a recursive approach. Furthermore, we calculate the blocking, forced termination probabilities and derive the Laplace–Stieltjes transform of the stationary distribution of actual waiting times and their arbitrary kth moment. Finally, we give some numerical results and discuss the optimization problem for the number of guard channels.
Vertical pricing competition in supply chains: the effect of production experience and coordination
Authors: Kogan Konstantin , Tapiero Charles 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe consider a two‐echelon supply chain consisting of a single supplier (producer) and a retailer. The supplier determines the wholesale price with a production cost decreasing with experience. The retailer orders products from the supplier to meet demands. Negative effects of a vertical competition in static supply chain models are typically attributed to a double marginalization. Using an intertemporal supply chain problem, defined by a differential game, we show that in addition to the “cost” of double marginalization, the margin gained from reducing production costs affects the supply chain performance as well. In our analysis, performance is shown to deteriorate even more than the deterioration observed in static problems with no learning (experience). To improve the performance, we provide a time‐variant version to the well‐known, pure, two‐part tariff strategy, which in its dynamic framework may coordinate the supply chain only partially. Efficient coordination in a supply chain is shown to be possible if a mixed two‐part tariff strategy is employed, however.
Non‐equivalence of canine tissue and intraluminal PCO2 responses at different sites during hemorrhage and during resuscitation
Authors: Wall Piper L. , Davis Daniel J. , Buising Charisse M. , Henderson LaRhee L. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the hemorrhage and resuscitation partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) responses at a variety of sites, predominantly intraluminal gastrointestinal, in the same dog and among different dogs.Design: Observational study.Setting: Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care accredited research laboratory.Animals: Pound source mongrel dogs being used in 4 separate hemorrhage and resuscitation studies, the objectives of which were unaffected by the PCO2 monitoring.Interventions: Fiber‐optic PCO2 monitoring systems were used to simultaneously monitor subcutaneous (n=8), sublingual (n=8) PCO2, and intraluminal esophageal (n=10), gastric (n=27), duodenal (n=16), jejunal (n=8), and ileal (n=7) PCO2 of 28 dogs used in 4 hemorrhage and resuscitation studies.Measurements and main results: The tissue or intraluminal PCO2 at all sites increased in response to hemorrhage. The rate and magnitude of esophageal, gastric, duodenal, jejeunal, and ileal intraluminal PCO2 varied widely between dogs for the same site and between sites in the same dog. Different gastrointestinal sites also responded differently to resuscitation. The rate and magnitude of changes in subcutaneous and sublingual PCO2 values were lower than those in the other tissues examined. The mean and maximum coefficients of variation for each site were as follows: subcutaneous 9%, 31%; sublingual 10%, 23%; esophageal 15%, 40%; gastric 26%, 90%; duodenal 25%, 70%; jejunal 25%, 95%; and ileal 34%, 87%.Conclusions: At different tissue sites, PCO2 values do not respond equivalently to either hemorrhage or resuscitation. One site cannot, therefore, be reliably used to indicate the energy status of an alternate site.
Cardiac troponins
Authors: Wells Scott M. , Sleeper Meg 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective: To review the use of cardiac troponins as biomarkers for myocardial injury in human and veterinary medicine.Data sources: Data sources included scientific reviews and original research publications.Human data synthesis: Cardiac troponins have been extensively studied in human medicine. Finding an elevated cardiac troponin level carries important diagnostic and prognostic information for humans with cardiovascular disease. Troponin assays are used primarily to diagnose acute myocardial infarction in patients with ischemic symptoms such as chest pain. However, elevated blood levels may be found with any cause of myocardial injury.Veterinary data synthesis: Several studies have shown that cardiac troponins are sensitive and specific for myocardial damage in veterinary patients and may have utility in diagnosis and prognosis for certain disease states. Human assays may be used in most animals due to significant homology in the troponin proteins between species.Conclusions: Cardiac troponins are sensitive and specific markers of myocardial injury although they do not give any information regarding the mechanism of injury. They have redefined how acute myocardial infarction is diagnosed in humans. Their use in the clinical management of veterinary patients is limited at this time. Further prospective studies are warranted.
Freehand ultrasound‐guided femoral arterial catheterization in dogs
Authors: Ringold Steven A. , Kelmer Efrat 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective: To demonstrate that ultrasound‐guided femoral artery catheterization is feasible and practical in dogs.Case series summary: Four female mixed breed dogs weighing 14–23 kg were used following a terminal junior surgery laboratory and had been anesthetized before the ultrasound study. Dogs were positioned in lateral recumbency with the upper limb abducted and immobilized. The dependent limb was extended and shaved and isopropyl alcohol was applied. An ultrasound transducer was oriented transverse to the axis of the limb and, following ultrasonographic identification, the femoral artery was cannulated and a catheter was placed using the Seldinger technique. Ultrasound‐guided catheterization was successful in 9 of 10 attempts; cannulization was successful in 10 of 10 attempts. Procedure time improved from 10 minutes to 1 minute during practice. Each of the 2 investigators was able to simultaneously ultrasound and cannulate the vessel. The major complication was hematoma formation, which occurred regardless of success.Information provided: Ultrasound‐guided femoral artery catheterization is feasible and relatively easy to master in medium‐size, anesthetized dogs.
Treatment of a dog with severe baclofen intoxication using hemodialysis and mechanical ventilation
Authors: Torre Danna M. , Labato Mary A. , Rossi Tracey , Foley Catherine , O'Toole Therese E. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective: This case report describes the successful management of a dog with coma and respiratory depression due to severe baclofen intoxication.Case summary: A Doberman Pinscher mixed breed dog ingested 500  mg (20 mg/kg) of baclofen. Signs of severe intoxication included coma and profound respiratory muscle weakness. The dog was supported with positive pressure ventilation and treated with one session of hemodialysis. Weaning from the ventilator was achieved within 4 hours of hemodialysis, and recovery from coma occurred over the following 12–36 hours. The dog regained full neurologic function and was normal at discharge following 3 days of hospitalization.New or unique information provide: Severe central nervous system depression and respiratory depression due to baclofen intoxication can be life threatening. In addition to other supportive care, hemodialysis may hasten recovery and ventilatory support may be essential to achieve a positive outcome. With successful treatment, toxicity can be decreased and the associated life‐threatening central nervous system and ventilatory depression can resolve. Prognosis for return of normal function is excellent.
Use of the advanced micro‐osmometer model 3300 for determination of a normal osmolality and evaluation of different formulas for calculated osmolarity and osmole gap in adult dogs
Authors: Barr James W. , Pesillo‐Crosby S. Anna 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine a reference interval of whole blood and plasma osmolalities for dogs using the Advanced Micro Osmometer Model 3300, to compare calculated osmolarity to measured osmolality, to determine a reference osmole gap, and to determine the best formula for calculated osmolaity.Design: Prospective, observational.Setting: Tertiary referral and teaching hospital.Animals: One hundred healthy adult dogs.Interventions: None.Measurements: Serum and whole blood biochemistry and osmolality assessments.Results: The mean and median of the measured whole blood osmolality were 323 and 320 mOsm/kg, respectively, with a standard deviation of 13.2 mOsm/kg. The mean and median of the measured plasma osmolality were 313 and 310 mOsm/kg, respectively, with a standard deviation of 13.2 mOsm/kg. The formula that was closest to predicting the measured whole blood and plasma osmolality was ((1.86(Na+K))+(BUN/2.8)+(Glucose/18))/0.93 followed closely by the traditional formula of (2(Na+K))+(BUN/2.8)+(Glucose/18). The mean calculated osmolarities using these formulas were 314.1 and 313.25 mOsm/L, respectively. The mean osmole gap using these formulas was 3.49 and 4.41 mOsm, respectively, for whole blood and −2.01 and −1.1 mOsm, respectively, for plasma.Conclusion: The Advanced Micro Osmometer Model 3300 was successful in measuring the osmolality in relative agreement with the current published reference intervals for osmolality. Measured osmolality correlated well with traditional calculated osmolarity.
Incidence of prolonged prothrombin time in dogs following gastrointestinal decontamination for acute anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion
Authors: Pachtinger Garret E. , Otto Cynthia M. , Syring Rebecca S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:To determine the effect of gastrointestinal (GI) decontamination on the incidence of prolonged prothrombin time (PT) in dogs after anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion.Design:Retrospective study.Setting:Urban emergency room.Animals:One hundred and fifty‐one client‐owned dogs.Measurements:Dogs presented to the emergency room within 6 hours of ingestion of an anticoagulant rodenticide and had a PT measured within 2–6 days of toxicant ingestion before initiating vitamin K therapy were included. Dogs were categorized as treated or untreated based on the institution of vitamin K therapy following PT testing. The signalment, body weight, type of rodenticide ingested, time elapsed between ingestion and initial presentation, method(s) of GI decontamination, and the times elapsed between both toxicant ingestion and initial hospital presentation until determination of PT were recorded. The PT results were recorded as well as any treatment received following the recheck examination. Any reported incidents of bleeding or untoward effects between exposure and reexamination were recorded.Main results:Of 151 dogs, only 11 dogs (8.3%) developed prolonged PT requiring vitamin K supplementation. None of the 11 dogs with prolonged PTs exhibited signs of bleeding or required transfusion therapy. No differences in age, weight, or time elapsed between treated and untreated patients were found.Conclusions:The incidence of prolonged PT is low in dogs receiving GI decontamination within 6 hours of anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion. Delaying vitamin K therapy until a PT has been assessed 48–72 hours after initial exposure appears to be safe and sensitive in dogs following anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion.
The Contemporary Art of Collaboration
Authors: Horn Sheridan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPredetermined assessment criteria and target levels threaten to constrain and limit teachers’ desire to provide a balanced and innovative curriculum for their pupils. Through the collaborative production of annual installations, the fine art department at Trinity Catholic School has attempted to confound the effects of a comprehensive school's limitations. These installations allow hundreds of participants of all ages to collaborate in a partnership ethos exploring contemporary issues and modes of practice and enable both pupils and teachers to engage with art as a creative process.The installation is used as a gallery resource centre both in‐house and by the local community. The recent installation entitled ‘Laboratories’, analysing links between art and science, becomes a case study to examine the avoidance of limitations imposed by exam‐driven targets. Instead an environment was fostered that actively promoted a ‘learning for all’ philosophy including teachers and mature students.