bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AFFINITY AND SPECIFICITY OF ANTISERA AGAINST HUMAN FSH AND TSH OBTAINED BY IMMUNIZING RABBITS WITH HIGHLY PURIFIED HORMONE PREPARATIONS
Authors: Torjesen P. A. , Sand T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Two groups of 4 rabbits were immunized according to the method described by Vaitukaitis et al. (1971). One group was given 55 μg (900 IU) FSH/animal and the other 100 μg (0.5 IU) TSH/animal. Two highly specific antisera against FSH and one specific antiserum against TSH were obtained. The FSH antisera showed affinities towards LH and TSH of 0.13 and 0.25% respectively as compared to that of FSH. The TSH antisera showed affinities towards LH and FSH of 2.2 and 1.7 % respectively as compared to that of TSH. The specific antisera showed no or minor affinities towards the LH-α subunit and they were sufficient specific to be used in the radioimmunoassay of serum from pregnant women without pre-absorption with HCG. Scatchard plots showed the association constants of the FSH antisera to be 1.3 × 1011 and 1.2 × 1011 1/mol respectively, and the association constant of the TSH antiserum to be 6 × 1010 l/mol. All 3 antisera showed high titers.
DOSE-DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF ETHINYLOESTRADIOL, DIETHYLSTILBOESTROL AND OESTRADIOL ON THE METABOLISM OF 4-ANDROSTENE-3, 17-DIONE IN RAT LIVER MICROSOMES
Authors: Einarsson Kurt , Gustafsson Jan-Åke , Sjövall Jan , Zietz Eberhard 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of administration of ethinyloestradiol (EtE2), 0.1, 0.5 or 1 μg per day, diethylstilboestrol, 5, 100 or 500 μg per day, and oestradiol, 1 or 100μg per day for 12 days on the hepatic microsomal metabolism of 4-[4-14C]androstene-3,17-dione were studied in castrated male and female rats.
When rats were given EtE2 in daily doses of 0.1 and 0.5 μg the activities of the 3α- and 17β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductases increased in both male and female rats. A similar tendency was noted for the 5α-reductase in female rats. On the other hand, the activities of the 3β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase and 7α-hydroxylase enzyme systems were suppressed in both male and female rats already after administration of 0.1 μg of EtE2. Diethylstilboestrol, administered in doses of 100 and 500 μg, and oestradiol, given in a dose of 100 μg, suppressed the microsomal enzyme activities whereas the lower doses of 5 μg of diethylstilboestrol and 1 μg of oestradiol were without effects.
The results indicate that oestrogenic compounds given in doses higher than the physiological one have a suppressing effect on microsomal steroid metabolizing enzyme activities. Ethinyloestradiol has a stimulating effect on certain microsomal enzyme activities and an inhibiting effect on others when administered in an amount of 0.5 μg · kg−1 per day. The findings are discussed in relation to recent reports on impaired drug metabolism in women taking contraceptives.
EFFETCS OF LH AND HCG ON THE METABOLISM OF THE PREPUBERTAL RAT OVARY: STIMULATION OF AMINO ACID TRANSPORT, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, AND GLYCOLYSIS
Authors: Nilsson Lars , Selstam Gunnar 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
It has earlier been reported from this laboratory that FSH can stimulate amino acid uptake, protein synthesis and glycolysis in the isolated prepubertal rat ovary.
In the present investigation the effects of LH and HCG were studied. The hormones were injected to prepubertal female rats, and the ovaries were extirpated for incubation in Krebs bicarbonate buffer 120 min later. Injection of 1 μg/100 g body weight of a bovine LH preparation (NIH-LH-B8) produced a significant increase in the in vitro uptake of [14C]α-amino-isobutyric acid ([14C]AIB) and [3H]leucine as well as of the incorporation of radioactivity into the ovarian protein. Higher doses (10 and 100 μg) of NIH-LH-B8 gave only minor further increases. Lactic acid production during the incubation period was also measured as a determination of the rate of glycolysis. Lactic acid production was stimulated by the LH injections with a clear dose-response between 0.1 and 10 μg/100 g body weight.
The effects of LH were also investigated with shorter intervals between the injection of the hormone and the extirpation of the ovaries. While lactic acid production was maximally stimulated at a time interval of 30 min (the shortest time interval studied), 60 min was necessary for the stimulation of amino acid uptake and amino acid incorporation into protein. Injections of HCG mimicked the effects of LH on all parameters studied.
STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPERMATOGENESIS AND URINARY LEVELS OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN OLIGOSPERMIC MEN
Authors: Christiansen Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) was measured by specific bioassays in 122 infertile men from barren couples in order to study the relationship between levels of FSH and LH and the state of the germinal epithelium. The latter was assessed both by determination of the gametic output and by examination of testicular histology, using the testicular biopsy score count method, in which the mean score (MS) is the overall measure of level of spermatogenesis (Johnsen 1970a). A highly significant negative correlation was established between log FSH and both log sperm concentration and MS and also between log LH and MS, but not between log LH and log sperm concentration. Of the 122 infertile men, the 56 who belonged to the heterogeneous idiopathic oligospermia group were studied most intensely. Nineteen of these had elevated urinary FSH levels. The mean FSH level for this group was 2.3 times higher than the mean FSH level for normal males (P < 0.001). Only 5 patients in this group had an elevated urinary LH level and the mean LH level was not different from that of normal men. In this idiopathic oligospermia group there was a significant negative correlation between log FSH and MS, and between log FSH and sperm concentration, but no correlation between log LH and either of the same 2 parameters. No correlation between log FSH and log LH on the one hand and the excretion of oestrogens, androgen metabolites, sperm morphology or motility on the other hand was found. The excretion of testicular and adrenal androgen metabolites (separated by a dexamethasone-suppression test) was normal in the 56 males with idiopathic oligospermia.
It is concluded that there is a close relationship between urinary FSH levels, and to a lesser degree urinary LH levels, and spermatogenesis and that testicular histology is a better parameter for the judgment of the state of the germinal epithelium than the sperm concentration. It is further concluded that analyses of gonadotrophins, especially of FSH, are of value in the differential diagnosis of the infertile man, especially in distinguishing between those who will benefit from a treatment with gonadotrophins and those who will not.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE NATURE OF THE IMMUNOREACTIVE LUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE (LH-RH)-LIKE PEPTIDE IN HUMAN URINE
Authors: Jeffcoate S. L. , Holland Diane T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The chemical nature of the immunoreactive LH-RH-like peptide found in human urine has been investigated using ion-exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose and a radioimmunoassay for LH-RH. A single immunoreactive substance was found in urine after LH-RH administration and in urine samples from untreated subjects. This substance did not have the mobility of either the synthetic decapeptide nor the 3–10 octapeptide on CM-cellulose and the evidence suggests that it may be the 2–10 nonapeptide of LH-RH.
DYNAMIC EVALUATION OF GROWTH HORMONE (GH) AND PROLACTIN (hPRL) SECRETION IN ACTIVE ACROMEGALY WITH HIGH AND LOW GH OUTPUT
Authors: Tolis G. , Kovacs L. , Friesen H. , Martin J. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ten patients with active acromegaly were studied. In 9 plasma GH levels failed to suppress after glucose (OGTT), in 8 an increase in serum GH occurred after thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH). After L-Dopa, 4 patients showed no change in serum GH, 3 exhibited a decrease and in 3 an increase in serum hGH occurred. With a combined insulin (ITT) and arginine (ATT) test, 2 patients exhibited an increase in hGH, and in 6 no change occurred. Fasting serum GH concentration was less than 11 ng/ml in 5 patients. Basal prolactin (hPRL) levels were normal in all patients including two with galactorrhea. L-Dopa suppressed and TRH stimulated hPRL secretion in all, but the responses which were seen were subnormal. Hydrocortisone infusion in two acromegalics did not affect the prolactin induced increase after TRH but blunted the GH increase after TRH.
THYROID FUNCTION AND TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND THYROXINE KINETICS IN RABBITS IMMUNIZED WITH THYROID HORMONES
Authors: Herrmann J. , Rusche H. J. , Berger M. , Krüskemper H. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Neck-uptake studies, thyroid scintiscans and triiodothyronine (T3)- and thyroxine (T4)-kinetic studies were performed in normal rabbits and in animals producing antibodies against thyroid hormones. In immunized animals the radioiodide uptake and turnover were increased 3-fold and 6–17-fold, respectively. The thyroid glands were found to be enlarged scintigraphically and showed a denser tracer distribution pattern.
T3 and T4 kinetic data were obtained from 5 rabbits immunized with T3 (ABT3), 4 immunized with T4 (ABT4) and from 5 controls. In T3 immunized animals total T3 in the serum rose from 86 to 59 000 ng/100 ml, in T4 immunized rabbits total T4 increased from 2.5 to 53.8 μg/100 ml. The fundamental principles of regulation were similar in both T3 and T4 immunized rabbits: There were enormous decreases in the total distribution spaces (TDS) as well as in the fractional turnover rates (k), resulting in markedly decreased metabolic clearance rates (MCR). The fall in T3-MCR was directly proportional to the T3 binding activity of the sera. However, striking differences between the respective alterations of T3 and T4 kinetic data were obtained in the immunized animals: T3-MCR fell about 70-fold in ABT3, whereas T4-MCR was diminished 15-fold in T4 immunized rabbits. In both groups of immunized animals T3-TDS decreased more than the T3 fractional turnover, whereas T4-TDS was less affected than k T4. The T3 production rates (PR) were increased 10-fold in ABT3 and 5-fold in ABT4, whereas the increases in T4-PR were of only moderate degree both in ABT3 and ABT4. Using presently available radiochemical methods the metabolic status of immunized rabbits could not be definitely assessed: "clinically" the animals were euthyroid. However, the dialyzable fraction in the serum of both T3 and T4 did not decrease proportionately to the enormous increase in total hormone concentration, so the free hormone concentrations were elevated over the normal. The results of the calculations of the cellular hormonal T3- and T4-clearance were more consistent with a euthyroid state: In ABT4 the cellular metabolism of both hormones was not different from the normal; in ABT3 a 1.7-fold increase in the cellular clearance of T3 was accompanied by a significant decrease of that in T4.
DISSOCIATION OF IN VIVO AND IN VITRO "AUTONOMY" IN A HUMAN ADRENOCORTICAL TUMOUR
Authors: Voigt K. H. , Fehm H. L. , Pfeiffer E. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome due to "autonomous adrenocortical tumour" has been established in a patient by appropriate examinations (especially dexamethasone suppression test, ACTH stimulation test, ACTH measurement by radioimmunoassay). Isolated cells have been prepared from a piece of the tumour by a trypsin technique so that the action of ACTH on steriodogenesis in these cells could be studied in vitro. Basal production of corticosteroids by the isolated tumour cells was low (0.3 μg ± 0.04/2 h/105 cells). Addition of ACTH induced a dose-dependent stimulation of corticosteroid production. The tumour cells appeared to be unable to produce corticosteroids in the absence of ACTH; maximal production was rather low (1.38 μg ± 0.07/2 h/105 cells). A possible explanation for the discrepancies between endocrine function tests and the results of the in vitro studies is given.
OESTRADIOL-17β UPTAKE IN VITRO INTO THE NUCLEI OF ENDOMETRIUM FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE HUMAN UTERUS
Authors: Lunan C. B. , Greenz B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Specimens of endometrium from the vault, body and lower body regions of the same human uteri were incubated separately for 30 min in vitro in the presence of 1–6 × 10−9m 3H-oestradiol. Uptake into the nuclei was variable but in general the vault region endometrium was least active in nuclear accumulation of the hormone, especially in secretory phase endometrium.
This suggests that intra-uterine variations found in oestradiol uptake in vivo are due to regional differences in the state of the tissue itself.
5α-ANDROSTENONE IN PERIPHERAL PLASMA OF PIGS, DIURNAL VARIATION IN BOARS, EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS HCG ADMINISTRATION AND CASTRATION
Authors: Andresen Ø. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
5α-Androstenone2) has been measured in pig peripheral plasma by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In 73 mature boars values ranging from 1.2 ng to 54.1 ng per ml plasma with a mean value of 18.3 ng/ml and sd = 15.9 were found. In female pigs and castrated male pigs the mean concentrations were 2.3 ng/ml (n=18) and 1.1 ng/ml (n=19) with sd = 0.8 and sd = 0.3 respectively.
Clear-cut diurnal variations in the concentration of 5α-androstenone in plasma samples from boars were not observed.
Intravenous injection of HCG in boars caused an abrupt rise in the 5αandrostenone level reaching a maximum in 90 min. Twenty-eight hours after the injection a second peak of plasma 5α-androstenone was observed. Following castration of boars the level of 5α-androstenone in peripheral plasma fell within 4 days, to levels found in female pigs.
ANTAGONISM BETWEEN INSULIN AND SELECTIVE ADRENERGIC AGONISTS ON THE GLYCOGEN SYNTHETASE AND PHOSPHORYLASE SYSTEMS OF THE ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM
Authors: Hostmark Arne T. , Grønnerød Ole , Horn Robert S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The antagonism between insulin and selective adrenergic stimulation on the converting systems for glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase has been investigated in the isolated rat diaphragm. Insulin significantly inhibited stimulation by terbutaline and noradrenaline of phosphorylase b to a conversion as well as stimulation of glycogen synthetase I to D conversion by these agents. The inhibition by insulin was stronger on the synthetase system than on the phosphorylase system. The insulin effect was not dependent upon the presence of glucose. In diaphragms from 24 h fasted rats the response of the phosphorylase system to both agonists decreased. Inhibition by insulin of terbutaline stimulated phosphorylase conversion was maintained upon fasting while no effect of insulin against stimulation by noradrenaline could be obtained in diaphragms from fasted rats. The effects of fasting and insulin were not influenced by beta adrenergic antagonists (practolol and butoxamine).
The results indicate a difference in sensitivity of the synthetase and phosphorylase systems to insulin and suggest that noradrenaline and terbutaline influence glycogen metabolism by differing mechanisms.
PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF LH RELEASE IN THE RAM
Authors: Pelletier J. , Ortavant R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The intensity of negative feedback of androgens on hypothalamo-hypophyseal activity was compared in two groups of castrated rams under 8.00 or 16.00 h of daily illumination respectively following a conditioning period.
In experiment I, two groups of 15 rams under each light photoperiod were slaughtered at different times after a 200 mg testosterone propionate (TP) intramuscular injection. Animals receiving the vehicle only acted as controls. The hypophyseal LH concentration, which increases when there is temporary inhibition of the release into the blood, was taken as a criterion of the inhibition due to TP. In both groups of rams the LH concentration increased in the pituitary following TP treatment. A return to the pre-injection level was observed 48 h later only in animals under a 8.00 h light photoperiod, indicating a shorter negative effect of the injection than in the case of rams under 16.00 h light photoperiod.
In experiment II, the inhibitory effect of TP was assessed at two doses, i. e. 300 and 600 mg, by the decrease in the plasma LH level following an intramuscularly injection. In both cases the decrease in LH release was more pronounced in rams under 16.00 h of daily illumination than in those under 8.00 h (mean decrease in LH release: 21.2 and 33.2% respectively in 300 and 600 mg treated rams under 16.00 h daylight as against 9.2 and 14.8% in rams under 8.00 h). Thus it appears that to the intrinsic action of the photoperiod is superposed on a modulatory effect of steroid action on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal activity.
The hypothesis is therefore presented that, in rams a decreasing light photoperiod acts in two ways:
by stimulating the activity of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system, by decreasing the intensity of the negative feedback effect of steroids.
INFLUENCE OF PROLACTIN ON THE METABOLISM OF STEROID HORMONES IN RAT LIVER AND ADRENALS
Authors: Gustafsson Jan-Åke , Stenberg Åke 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of prolactin treatment on the hepatic metabolism of 4-[4-14C]androstene-3,17-dione (in the microsomal and 105 000 × g supernatant fractions) and 5α-[4-14C]androstane-3α,17β-diol (in the microsomal fraction) and on the adrenal metabolism of 4-[4-14C]androstene-3,17-dione was studied in intact and castrated male and female rats with and without concomitant treatment with testosterone propionate. Whereas prolactin gave a significant and specific decrease in the activity of adrenal 5α-reductase by about 20–30 % in both male and female rats no specific effects were noted in the metabolism of steroids in the liver. Neither did prolactin compensate for the relative androgen unresponsiveness characteristic of neonatally castrated male rats. These results suggest that prolactin does not play any significant role in mediating the recently discovered hypophyseal control of sexual differentiation of hepatic steroid metabolism in the rat whereas it may have a function in maintaining sexual differences in alrenal 5α-reductase activity.
INACTIVATION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE BY RAT HYPOTHALAMIC L-CYSTINE ARYLAMIDASE
Authors: Kuhl Herbert , Taubert Hans-Dieter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The rate of hydrolysis of several aminoacyl-4-nitroanilides by rat hypothalamic arylamidases was investigated. The activity of these enzymes which were mainly found in the 105 000 × g supernatant fraction of homogenates of the hypothalamus and other parts of the brain was shown to depend upon the presence of metal ions and free thiol groups, and to be inhibited by puromycin. As previous investigations had shown that Cys-NA is an appropriate substrate for measuring hormone effects on hypothalamic arylamidases, L-cystine arylamidase and its interaction with various peptide hormones were examined in detail. It could conclusively be shown that this enzyme interacts particularly with oligopeptides. Its activity was competitively inhibited by TRF, oxytocin, lysine vasopressin, and LH-RH. It was also shown that the biological activity of LH-RH and its inhibitory effect on the hydrolysis of L-cystine-bis-p-nitroanilide decreased when it was incubated for various periods of time with the 105 000 × g supernatant of rat hypothalamus homogenate.
THE SPECIFICITY AND APPLICATION OF A RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR THE α-SUBUNIT OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN MAN
Authors: Hagen C. , McNeilly A. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A sensitive radioimmunoassay for the α-subunit of LH has been developed. Differences in the immunopotency of LH, FSH and subunit preparations were found and are described in detail. The assay has been applied to the measurement of circulating levels of α-subunit; higher levels of α-subunit were found in post-menopausal than in pre-menopausal women, or men, and a rise in α-subunit was seen after LH-RH but not TRH administration. Elevated levels of free α-subunit were found in foetal cord blood at term.
These results suggest that the α-subunit circulates independently of the intact pituitary and placental glycoprotein hormones.
STUDIES ON HEARING LOSS IN A COMMUNITY WITH ENDEMIC CRETINISM IN CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Goslings B. M. , Djokomoeljanto R. , Hoedijono R. , Soepardjo H. , Querido A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An audiometric study was carried out in a community of 642 subjects severely affected by endemic goitre and cretinism. Hearing loss was measured in 34 out of 41 subjects diagnosed as cretins, 92 normal subjects aged 5–20 years from the same community and 54 subjects (also of 5–20 years) living in a nearby control area without endemic goitre. The excess number of hearing defects in the endemic area seems to be entirely due to the process that leads to cretinism. There is no reason to describe deafness and deafmutism in an area with severe endemic goitre as a separate entity. The hearing defect showed a definite greater loss in the higher frequencies than in the lower frequencies and was found in 92 % of the cretins. Deafmutism was present in 5, a loss of more than 60 db in 8, a loss of 40–60 db in 10 cretins. A loss of 20–30 db was found in 2.2 % of normal subjects in the endemic area and 1.8 % of those living in the control area. It is concluded that audiometry is a simple and significant test to establish the presence of the neurological form of endemic cretinism, which is the most prevalent form in most endemias. The differential diagnosis and pathogenesis of the described hearing defect are discussed.
RESPIRATORY ACTIVITY OF OOCYTES ISOLATED FROM OVARIAN FOLLICLES OF THE RAT
Authors: Hillensjö T. , Hamberger L. , Ahrén K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to study substrate dependent respiration oocytes were isolated from antrum follicles obtained from ovaries of prepubertal rats. The oocytes used were either surrounded by 1 to 3 layers of granulosa cells (oocyte + corona radiata), or mechanically denuded from surrounding cells (denuded oocytes). By use of Cartesian micro-diver technique the respiratory rate could be determined in single oocyte + corona radiata cell complexes or in samples of a few denuded oocytes. The oocytes were incubated either in an isotonic Tris-HCl buffer or in a hypotonic phosphate buffer. The rate of respiration was determined without addition of exogenous substrate and with addition of different substrates in varying concentrations. Cellular respiration was linear 2–4 h both in absence and presence of substrate.
Both types of oocyte preparations were unable to utilize glucose as substrate. Lactate stimulated slightly the respiration of the denuded oocyte while pyruvate and oxalacetate increased markedly the respiratory activity of both types of oocyte prepararations. Succinate had an influence on the oocyte + corona radiata only when the hypotonic medium was used while it was easily utilized in both media by the denuded oocyte.
In a preliminary series of experiments the in vitro influence of bovine luteinizing hormone (LH) on the cellular respiration was studied. Both in presence and absence of corona radiata a significant decrease in oxygen uptake was registered, consistently appearing within 30 min after the addition of the hormone. As the relationship of this phenomenon to ovum maturation was not studied, the possible biological meaning remains to be elucidated.