bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of surgical removal of mandibular third molar on the periodontium of the second molar
Authors: Chaves AJP , Nascimento LR , Costa MEG , Franz‐Montan M , Oliveira‐Júnior PA , Groppo FC 
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  Objective:  The effects on periodontal tissues of adjacent second molars after semi‐impacted mandibular third molar surgery were evaluated. The influence of flap design was studied.Methods:  Twenty volunteers randomly underwent the three‐cornered flap technique (group A) or the distal wedge flap technique (group B). The periodontal probing depth was measured by using a ‘Williams’‐type probe just prior to surgery and three months post‐operatively. Six sites, mesio‐buccal, buccal, disto‐buccal, disto‐lingual, lingual and mesio‐lingual, around the second molar were selected for measurement. Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn test (post hoc) were used. Significance level was set at 5%.Results:  There were no complications (oedema, alveolitis, etc.) in any of the patients of the study. The results showed that both methods caused shallow pocket depth (P > 0.05) and there were no statistically significant differences between the flap techniques (P > 0.05). Flap design was not an important factor affecting the periodontal status of the second molar.Conclusion:  The decision to use any of the various flap designs for access to mandibular third molars should be based on operator preference rather than on the assumption that periodontal health of the adjacent second molar will be improved.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and immune activation in patients with genital herpes
Authors: Vollmer-Conna Uté , Chen Marcus , Lloyd Andrew , Donovan Basil 
Published: April 2008

Objective:Neuropsychiatric disturbances are common among patients with genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. To date, no studies have examined the possible role of immune activation in the aetiology of these disturbances. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between markers of immune activation and measures of emotional and somatic dysfunction among patients with symptomatic genital herpes.Methods:Twenty-two patients with documented genital herpes were assessed when herpetic lesions were present and when they were not. Each assessment included a clinical examination, self-reported symptom measures as well as a blood and urine collection. Markers of immune activation [neopterin and interleukin (IL)-6] in serum and urine were quantified by enzyme-linked immunoassay. These measures were also obtained from a group of healthy control subjects.Results:Urine, but not serum, levels of neopterin and IL-6 correlated significantly with measures of reported psychological distress and fatigue. These associations were not confined to periods of overt clinical lesions.Conclusions:HSV-related neuropsychiatric morbidity correlates selectively with regional, but not systemic, measures of immune activation. We hypothesise that communication between the local inflammatory site in the pelvis and the brain occurs through autonomic afferent pathways.
Lack of association between television viewing, soft drinks, physical activity and body mass index in children
Authors: Laurson Kelly , Eisenmann Joey C , Moore Sylvia 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine the cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations of physical activity, screen time and dietary habits on the body mass index (BMI) of children.Methods: A cohort of 122 girls and 146 boys (age at entry 10 years) from three rural states in the western USA was studied over an 18‐month period. Subjects were measured for height and weight. Habitual physical activity, screen time (television viewing, video games and computer use) and dietary variables were assessed by a questionnaire. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted to examine the associations between physical activity, screen time and diet with BMI at baseline and follow‐up and change in BMI.Results: At baseline, approximately 10% of boys and girls were obese and 17.8% of boys and 14.8% of girls were overweight. BMI showed a high degree of stability for boys and girls (r = 0.90), whereas physical activity, screen time and dietary habits showed moderate stability (r = 0.31–0.50) across the 18‐month period. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal correlations between physical activity, screen time, diet and BMI were low and non‐significant (r < 0.15). The regression models explained between 8% and 22% of the variance in the change in BMI; however, none of the predictor variables were statistically significant.Conclusion: Physical activity, screen time and dietary habits were not significantly related to the BMI in cross‐sectional or longitudinal analyses. Further research is warranted to better understand the complex, multifactorial phenotype of the BMI in growing and maturing children.
Clinical Assessment of Peri‐Implant Tissues in Patients with Varying Severity of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Aloufi Fitin , Bissada Nabil , Ficara Anthony , Faddoul Fady , Al‐Zahrani Mohammad S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPurpose: This retrospective study assessed the health of peri‐implant tissues in patients with varying severity of chronic periodontitis.Materials and Methods: Sixty‐one subjects aged 44 to 70 years (median age 58 years) were recruited. Based on severity of periodontitis, 31 subjects were classified as having severe generalized chronic periodontitis, and the remaining 30 subjects had mild or no periodontitis. Social and medical histories were obtained from each patient. A comprehensive periodontal examination included: plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and radiographic bone loss. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact and chi‐square tests for categorical variables, and t‐test for continuous variables.Results: There was a statistically significant greater loss of attachment (p < .05) around implants in the group with severe periodontitis compared to the no/mild periodontitis group.Conclusion: Because of the greater loss of clinical attachment around implants placed in patients with generalized severe chronic periodontitis, close monitoring of these patients is suggested to prevent both development of peri‐implantitis and recurrence of periodontal infection.
Assessing the impact of streaming in a regional emergency department
Authors: Kinsman Leigh , Champion Robert , Lee Geraldine , Martin Mary , Masman Kevin , May Elizabeth , Mills Terry , Taylor Michael D , Thomas Paulett , Williams Ruth J , Zalstein Salomon 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective:  To evaluate the impact of a streaming model, previously validated in metropolitan EDs, on selected performance indicators in a regional ED.Method:  Multiple linear regression models were applied to monthly time series data from 43 months prior to the intervention and 15 months following the intervention to measure the impact of the streaming model on the following performance indicators: (i) percentage of emergency patients admitted to an inpatient bed within 8 h; (ii) percentage of non‐admitted emergency patients with a length of stay of less than 4 h; and (iii) percentage of emergency patients who left without being seen by a doctor or nurse practitioner.Setting:  Bendigo Health ED in regional Victoria.Results:  Prior to the introduction of streaming, there was a downward trend in both the percentage of emergency patients admitted to an inpatient bed within 8 h, and the percentage of non‐admitted emergency patients with a length of stay of less than 4 h. After the introduction of streaming, these trends were reversed (P = 0.008 and P = 0.004, respectively). There was no statistically significant change in the trend associated with the percentage of emergency patients who left without being seen (P = 0.904).Conclusions:  The implementation of the streaming model had an impact on the two performance indicators associated with length of stay in this regional ED, but did not have a significant impact (positive or negative) on the percentage of patients who did not wait to be seen. These results might interest other EDs in regional hospitals.
Causes of constraints to patient flow in emergency departments: A comparison between staff perceptions and findings from the Patient Flow Study
Authors: Chan Adam , Arendts Glenn , Wong Samantha 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives:  The objectives of the study were: (i) to survey staff perceptions of causes of delay in patients' journeys through the ED; (ii) to identify and analyse key constraints to patient flow using real‐time diagnostic/decision support software (Patient Flow Study); and (iii) to assess the correlation between staff perceptions and data from the Patient Flow Study.Methods:  ED and non‐ED staff were surveyed prior to the Patient Flow Study. The survey involved ranking the likely reasons for delay at three set points after triage (160, 320 and 480 min). Real‐time data on delay in patients' journeys through the ED were collected over a period of 5 weeks. The correlation between staff perceptions and study data at the three time points was calculated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Subgroup analysis was performed on the basis of staff position, years of experience at St George and whether they had previously attended training on constraints to flow.Results:  A total of 68 staff responded to the questionnaire (response rate 42%). During the study period, 4555 ED attendances (97% of all presentations) were analysed for causes of constraint. Strong correlation between staff perceptions and real‐time data was only found among some subgroups at the point 160 min from triage.Conclusions:  Overall, staff perceptions regarding causes of constraint to patient flow do not correlate well with data obtained from real‐time analysis.
Exploring Sexual Attitudes of Students in Health Professions
Authors: Papaharitou Stamatis , Nakopoulou Evangelia , Moraitou Martha , Tsimtsiou Zoi , Konstantinidou Eleni , Hatzichristou Dimitrios 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Introduction
Patients' sexual concerns are frequently underestimated because of health professionals' reluctance to address sexual health issues. Though it has been documented that sexual attitudes are extremely influential in everyday clinical practice, limited data exist on identifying health professionals' attitudes.

Aim
To explore sexual attitudes in medical students and students in allied health professions.

Main Outcome Measures
The Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI)–Attitude Subscale was used to assess sexual attitudes.

Methods
The sample included 1st and 4th year college students enrolled in the following academic departments/schools of two academic institutions leading to health professions: medical school, psychology, pharmaceutical school, nursing and midwifery. Demographic data were obtained relating to sexual behaviors and information sources on sexual issues. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-test and two-way analysis of variance, as well as logistic regression and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results
A total of 714 students (81.9% females) participated in the study: 48.5% 1st year students and 51.5% seniors with a mean age of 20.17 years (SD=1.87, range 17–25). Using iterative cluster analysis on DSFI scores, participants were divided in conservative (N=167), liberal (N=224), and neutral (N=323) clusters. A significant gender difference on sexual attitudes was obtained (P &lt;0.001) with male students being more liberal compared to females (mean=18.26 and mean=11.13, respectively). Differences were also revealed for the field but not for the year of study.
Analysis also revealed that liberalism in sexual attitudes is more likely to be affected by a liberal stance toward religion (OR: 2.39), receiving information for sexual matters mainly from peers (OR: 1.86), and media influence on students' sexual life (OR: 1.68).

Conclusions
Gender, personal values, and experiences influence students' attitudes toward sexual issues. Since negative attitudes can impede effective sexual health consultations, it is imperative to incorporate courses on effective communication and human sexuality in the medical and allied health professions curricula that will enhance students' awareness of their own values and prejudices.
MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVAE OF CERATOPHYLLUS FARRENICHAOI AND THEIR COMPARISON WITH THE LARVAE OF CERATOPHYLLUS CALLINAE TRIBULIS
Authors: Qi Yiming 
Published: April 2008

Abstract This paper deals with the morphology of the larvae of Cerutophyllus farreni chaoi Smit and Allen, 1955 and a comparison is made with the larvae of C. gallinue tribulis Jordan, 1926.The diagnostic characters of the larvae of the two subspecies are the shape of egg burster, number of mandibular teeth, the relative positions of the sense organs and setae on the tergites of the thorax and abdomen and number of the setae of anal comb and the strut setae.
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SPECIFIC TO SCARABAEID BEETLES: A REVIEW
Authors: Hori Hidetaka , Kumaraswami N. Selvamuthu , Hayakawa Tohru , Mitsui Toshiaki 
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Since the first report of Bacillus sotto by Ishiwata in 1901, thousands of related papers about Bacillus thuringiensis have been documented. In the field of biocontrol of insect pests by this bacterium, after the initial discovery of several B. thuringiensis isolates specific for lepidopteran insects, the isolation of B. thuringiensis israelensis, specific to dipteran larvae by Goldberg and Margalit, and B. thuringiensis tenebrionis, specific to some group of coleopteran insects by Krieg et al. were epoch making advances. In 1992, Ohba et al. isolated B. thuringiensis ja ponensis strain Buibui, which was specific to only scarabaeid larvae. This isolate is the main target of our discussion in this review. These discoveries by which not only B. thuringiensis sciences, but also applied biological control strategies have been enriched, which inspirit us to screen novel isolates.On the other hand, the fields of molecular biology and biochemistry studies on the structural elucidation of toxin proteins and mechanism of action have also tremendously progressed. But the complete mechanism has yet to be solved. For instance, interaction between receptor proteins locating on the plasma membrane of insect midgut epithelial cells and insecticidal proteins has not been fully sketched‐ In a way, this field is still in chaos. Addressing these exciting and enigmatic subjects will eventually lead to the construction of sustainable agriculture in the 21st century.
DIFFERENCES IN SEQUENCES OF RIBOSOMAL DNA SECOND INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER AMONG THREE MEMBERS OF ANOPHELES HYRCANUS COMPLEX FROM THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Authors: Ya‐jun MA , Feng‐yi QU , Jian‐nong XU , Xiang‐yu LI , Guan‐hong SONG 
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Differences in sequences of ribosomal DNA second internal transcribed spacer (ITS) among Anopheles sinensis, An. lesteri and An. yatsushiroensis from Korea were compared. The PCR amplified rDNA‐ITS2 fragments were sequenced directly. Three samples of each species were individually determined.Lengths of the ITS2 regions were 468bp in An sinensis, 451bp in An lesteri and 453bp in An yatsushiroenesis and GC contents were 44.87 % 46.2 % and 45.7 % respectively. Variations of the sequences ranged from 12.16 % to 30.7 % among the three species. The differences of the rDNA‐ITS2 sequences would be useful for molecular identification of the three members of Anopheles hycanus complex from Korea.
RAPD‐PCR DETECTION OF DNA POLYMORPHISM OF COTTON APHID*
Authors: Peng GONG , Xiao‐xi ZHANG , Xiao‐wen YANG , Xiao‐fen CHEN 
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The RAPDPCR technique was used to determine the DNA polymorphism of the aphid Aphis gossypii(Glover) collected from different host plants and in different seasons. Three primers were selected from 20 primers and used for cluster analysis based on the data of Nei's genetic distance (D). The results showed that the aphids on Chinese prickly ash differentiated obviously from the aphids on the other four host plants at DNA level. The seasonal population of cotton aphid might be clustered into three groups, i.e. the spring and autumn yellow colored aphids, the spring and autumn green colored aphids and the yellow dwarf form aphid in summer.However, the genetic relationship of dwarf form was more closely to the spring and autumn green colored aphid.
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON CERTAIN BIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF A LADYBEETLE COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA LINNAEUS
Authors: Srivastava Shefali , Omkar  
Published: April 2008

AbstractInfluence of temperature on certain biological attributes of an aphidophagous ladybeetle, Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, feeding on mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), at five different temperatures, viz. 20, 25, 27, 30 and 35°C was investigated. Its developmental period was shortest (11.7 ± 0.09 days) at 35°C and longest (20.6 > 0.35 days) at 20°C. Developmental rate increased with increase in temperature. Hatching percent, larval survival, adult emergence and growth index were maximum at 30°C and minimum at 20°C. Oviposition period and fecundity were highest at 30°C and lowest at 20°C. A positive linear relationship exists between temperature and developmental rate and negative correlation between the duration of immature life stages and temperature. The proportion of developmental period allocated to each immature stage was found to be similar at each temperature regime. Thus, 30°C was found as the most suitable for C. septempunctata amongst the five temperatures tested.
THE DISCOVERY OF THE GENUS SHELFORDIA CAMERON (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONTOAE: BRACONINAE) IN CHINA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF ONE NEW SPECIES
Authors: Wang Yi‐ping , Chen Xue‐xin , He Jun‐hua 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe genus Shelfordia is discovered in China for the first time, and one new species of this genus (S. chinensis sp. nov.) is fully described and illustrated in the present paper. The type specimen is deposited in the Parasitic Hymenoptera Collection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
SIGNIFICANCE OF PASSIVE MIGRATION IN EVOLUTION OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN THE MOSQUITO CULEX PIPIENS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Zhang Ke , Ye Zhen‐Qing , Cui Feng , Qiao Chuan‐Ling 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn order to determine the combined effects of migration and gene flow on evolution of insecticide resistance in the mosquito Culex pipiens, four samples were collected in China, among which two were collected along the railway from Beijing to Guangzhou. Bioassay data showed that the resistance levels of the four populations to dichlorvos were high and to parathion moderate as compared with the susceptible strain and there was no significant difference among the four populations to the same organophosphate (OP) insecticide. Starch electrophoresis was done to identify the frequency of known overproduced esterases and to analyze genetic diversity among various populations by electrophoretic polymorphism of five presumably neutral loci. The results indicated that the gene flow between populations existed and the number of effective migrants (Nm) was related to collection geography (Nm from 1.67 to 40.07). In contrast with lower genetic differentiation between two nearby populations (between GZ and ZS, ZZ and SQ) and higher genetic differentiation between two distant populations (between GZ and ZZ), there was a significant and inconsistent difference in the distribution of resistance alleles, A2‐B2 when explained only with active migration. This divergent situation could be straightened out when considering passive migration (such as railway transport) which increased the spread of A2‐B2 along the railway, i.e., in GZ and ZZ. The resistance alleles, A2‐B2, dispersing to around areas by active migration suffered from the limitation of gene flow and the speed of invasion.
COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY OF TWO GEOGRAPHICAL POPULATIONS OF THE SOUTHERN COWPEA WEEVIL, CALLOSOBRUCHUS CHINENSIS (L.) (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) IN SOUTHWEST CHINA
Authors: Deng Yong‐xue , Wang Jin‐jun , Zhao Zhi‐mo , Liu Huai 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe differences of bionomics and ecologies of the two populations of Callosobruchus chinensis on mung bean (Vigna radiatus) at six constant temperatures (20, 25, 28, 30, 32, 35°C) and 75% r. h. were researched. ANOVA showed that temperature affected the developmental period and fertility significantly (P < 0.05). T‐test indicated there was significant difference of the combined immature stages between the two geographical populations at 25 and 32°C (P < 0.05). The average oviposition between the two geographical populations differed significantly at the same temperature (P < 0.05). At 30°C and 75% r. h., effects of 5 commercially grown legume seeds on development and reproduction of the two geographical populations of Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) were researched. The results showed that broad bean and soybean were more suitable for increase for Xichang population in terms of rm values. The adult weight and diameter of emergency hole of the two populations were also compared. According to the differences in the characteristics of development, reproduction, and damage to host seeds between the two geographical populations, conclusion can be drawn that both are different geographical populations.