bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Theory to the Understanding of Residency Program Director Well-being
Authors: Robertson Kyle A. , Byram Jessica 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background and Objective:
Literature on well-being of physicians and residency program directors (PD), has shown a prevalence of burnout of 50% in physicians, and 20–30% in PDs. However, few studies have explored engagement, or meaningful aspects of a physicians’ work and no study in the PD community. Therefore, this study explored the experiences of PDs and associate program directors (APD) as they encountered burnout, engagement, and every combination thereof.
Methods
A qualitative methodology was utilized to include longitudinal and cross-sectional data collection phases with all participants recruited via email. Phase 1 participants (n = 3) included two PDs and one (APD) from a midwestern university. Phase 1 included three semi-structured interviews and direct observations. Phase 2 participants (n = 5 PDs) completed a single semi-structured interview. All interviews and field notes were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis, with subsequent deductive application of Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory.
Results
Findings were multiple sub-themes situated within four major themes: It Takes a Village, Integration of the “Hats” They Wear, Motivation and the Meaning of Their Career, and Coping. Exploring the sub-themes via JD-R theory allowed contextualization of how job demands, job resources, personal resources, job crafting, interact thus adding a broader conceptualization of how PD and APD experienced their roles.
Conclusion
This study describes the experiences of PDs and APDs embedded in their social context of responsibilities. The results indicate an understanding of how the individual experiences their job demands influenced by job and personal resources, and further how proactively engaging with their environment enables for a deeper appreciation of engagement and burnout.
Nurturing with Nature: The Efficacy of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Microbe for Cocoa Sector Environmental Management in Ghana
Authors: Muhammed Hajara , Kaba James S. , Yamoah Fred A. , Abunyewa Akwasi A. , Kwashie Godswill K.S , Issahaku Ibrahim , Agyei Ernest K. , Ntiamoah Priscilla , Mas-Ud Mustapha , Appiah-Kubi Zippora 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Despite the proven effectiveness of fertility-promoting microbes such as Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to minimize the adverse effects of environmental deterioration and climate change, there is limited understanding on its efficacy to improve cocoa resilience in Ghana. Cocoa mortality (70%) caused by climate change induced drought within two years of transplanting to the field is a major constrain to farmers’ productivity. We assessed the effect of morphologically identified AMF and K on the biochemical characteristics of cocoa and its field survival from 2019 to 2022. The AMF inoculum was prepared using the trap-culture technique. Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines predicted leaf chlorophyll and Phosphorus uptake as the key factor influencing cocoa survival and resilience under field condition. The results have implications for cocoa breeding, productivity, sustainability of cocoa agricultural systems as well as K nutrition and AMF as bio-stimulant under drought conditions.
The Statistical Stability of Clavicle Fracture Management: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials with Fragility Analysis
Authors: Megafu Michael N. , Du Jour Elisabeth Point , Nguyen Janet T. , Megafu Emmanuel C. , Mian Hassan S. , Singhal Sulabh S. , III Paul Tornetta , Parisien Robert L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study applied the fragility index (FI) and fragility quotient (FQ) to evaluate the degree of statistical fragility in the clavicle fracture literature.
Methods
This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A PubMed systematic search strategy was used to find all dichotomous data for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in clavicle fracture research from 2000 to 2022. The FI of each outcome was calculated by reversing a single outcome event until significance was reversed. The FQ was calculated by dividing each fragility index by the study sample size. The interquartile range (IQR) was also calculated for the FI and FQ.
Results
Of the 2967 articles screened, 81 met the search criteria, with 30 RCTs evaluating clavicle fractures included for analysis. There were 250 total outcomes, where 62 significant and 188 nonsignificant outcomes were identified. The overall FI and FQ were 4 (IQR 3–5) and 0.045 (IQR 0.024–0.080). Statistically significant and nonsignificant outcomes had an FI of 3.5 (IQR 2–7) and 4 (IQR 3–5), respectively. Regarding loss to follow-up (LTF), 63.3% (19) reported LTF greater or equal to the overall FI of 4.
Conclusions
Relying solely on P values to assess clavicle fracture RCTs may be deceptive and challenge the studies' validity. When scrutinizing management algorithms relying on statistical analysis, we recommend including the FI and FQ alongside the P value.
Impact of soil moisture regimes on greenhouse gas emissions, soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activity in long-term fertilized paddy soil
Authors: Shah Asad , Huang Jing , Han Tianfu , Khan Muhammad Numan , Tadesse Kiya Adare , Daba Nano Alemu , Khan Sajeela , Ullah Sami , Sardar Muhammad Fahad , Fahad Shah , Zhang Huimin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Two potent greenhouse gases that are mostly found in agricultural soils are methane and nitrous oxide. This study monitored how different moisture regimes influence microbial stoichiometry, enzymatic activity and greenhouse gas emissions in paddy soils. The results revealed that 60% water-filled pore spaces (WFPS) produced higher amounts of N2O than flooded soil, while compared with 60% WFPS, flooded soil significantly stimulated CH4 production. High N2O flux values were recorded at 2.3, 3.1 and 3.5 µgkg− 1 in 60% WFPS in the control and treated with NPK and NPKM, respectively. In flooded soil, the highest CH4 flux values were recorded at 1.7, 3.2 and 3.8 µgkg− 1 in control, mineral fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer combine with manure treatments, respectively. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased 15–27% under high moisture content. The highest microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was recorded in flooded conditions and was 8–12% higher than in the 60% WFPS soil. The microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) was 14–21% higher in flooded soil than in the 60% WFPS soil. In the flooded condition, the microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) was 4–22% greater than in the 60% WFPS soil. The urease enzyme was significantly increased by 42–54% in flooded soil compared with 60% WFPS soil. Under long-term fertilization, the NPKM treatment significantly increased β-glucosidase (BG) and acid phosphatase (AP) enzyme activities, whereas the moisture content contributed 1.2–6.1% and 2-6.6% of the effects on BG and AP, respectively. DOC, MBC and pH showed a significant positive relationship with cumulative CH4, while DOC showed a significant relationship with cumulative N2O. In the random forest model, soil moisture, MBC, DOC, pH and enzymatic activities were the most significant factors for GHG emissions. The PLS-PM analysis showed that soil properties and enzymes possessed a significantly significant direct impact on CH4 and N2O emissions, while SMB had a highly positive indirect effect on CH4 and N2O emissions.
Investigation of Effect of Ultrasound (Lipus) Therapy on Healing in Achilles Tendinopathy Model Created by Type 1 Collagenase
Authors: KURTULMUŞ TUHAN , ÇELEBİ MEHMET EMİN , BEKTAŞ EBUBEKİR , ARICAN DEM DİCLE , KÜÇÜKYILDIRIM BEDRİ ONUR , DEMİRKOL METEHAN 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aim: There is a significant rate of outpatient consultations for tendinopathy symptoms nowadays. With the increase in daily pace, conservative treatments that can expedite recuperation have become more important. In the present study, we examined how low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) affected healing in rats in a model of tendinopathy induced by type 1 collagenase.
Method: The research was conducted on 69 Wistar albino female rats with bilateral Achilles tendinopathy. Following modeling, LIPUS therapy was initiated in eight groups at 1, 7, and 15 days. Treatment was extended for one and two weeks. Achilles tendons were removed from the treatment and control groups on the 15th, 21st, 30th, and 45th days for biomechanical and pathologic examination. PRISMA guidelines were adhered to during the planning stages of our study.
Results: In comparison to the control groups, LIPUS treatment administered in the first days of the proliferation phase increased tensile strength by approximately 30%, modulus of elasticity by approximately 53%, a fibrillar appearance by approximately 53%, and inflammation by approximately 53-33% in a lesser time. It was also demonstrated that starting treatment in the first days of the proliferation phase resulted in comparable success even with 1-week treatment compared to 2-week treatment.
Conclusions: The use of LIPUS in the treatment of tendinopathy yielded positive results. Its capacity to shorten recuperation time has piqued the interest of conservative treatment approaches. As a result, more clinical research is required. Keywords: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, rat, collagenase type 1, tendinopathy
Characterization of Heat-Processed Artificial Lightweight Aggregates from Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic Waste
Authors: Uche Chikadibia Kalu Awa , Abubakar Sani Aliyu , Nnamchi Stephen Ndubuisi , Mundu Muhamad Mustafa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Plastic waste is an undeniable source of pollution that threatens the existence of the earth’s flora and fauna. The bulk of plastic wastes generated globally does not go through the proper methods of disposal but is carelessly discarded into the aquatic or terrestrial environment. Current recycling efforts are largely inadequate and disposal in landfills is still fraught with environmental and land use challenges. The proper disposal of plastic waste, as well as mitigating the environmental, social, and health impacts of extracting natural aggregates can be achieved by incorporating plastic waste as aggregates in the construction industry. This paper presents a characterization of aggregates manufactured from polyethylene terephthalate plastic waste using thermal/mechanical methods. Morphological, intrinsic and mechanical characteristics of the produced aggregates were established using standard procedures and equipment. The results of morphological characterization show a dense graded aggregate with fineness modulus of 4.25, flakiness index of 26% and elongation index of 16%. Intrinsic characterization yielded particle density of 1330kg/m3, bulk density of coarse aggregates of 715kg/m3 and water absorption of 0.445%. Mechanical characteristics of aggregates were evaluated, with compressive strength of 50Mpa, Aggregate Crushing Value of 37%, Ten Percent Fines Value of 71KN, Aggregate Impact Value of 24% and Aggregate Abrasion Value of 20%. The characteristics of PET aggregates confirm their suitability for application in structural lightweight concrete and rigid pavement. The produced PET aggregates can be considered in mix design as a total or partial replacement of natural aggregates in concrete.
Evaluation and Ranking of Cement Alternatives in South Africa Using Combine Life Cycle Assessment and Multi- criteria Decision-Making Methods
Authors: Ige Oluwafemi Ezekiel , Von Kallon Daramy Vandi , Desai Dawood 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Choosing the most suitable alternatives can be challenging in process engineering. Typically, there is a need to evaluate and rank alternatives using various criteria, such as environmental impact, when making decisions. This paper employs a novel integration of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods to evaluate the sustainability of different cement alternatives in South Africa. The LCA assesses the environmental impact, considering 18 midpoint categories, while Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) and Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) methods were used as MCDA methods to rank and select the best alternatives. Across 18 impact categories, including global warming, ozone depletion, ecotoxicity, and resource scarcity, CEM I cement exhibited notable global warming emissions, ranking fourth. COPRAS and ARAS methods systematically ranked alternatives based on impact categories, consistently identifying CEM II/B-V cement as the most preferred alternative. This top ranking was attributed to its low environmental impact and high utility score. Notably, CEM III/A cement, despite low global warming emissions, ranked least preferred due to concerns about raw material-related environmental impacts. The paper highlights environmental hotspots for each cement type and underscores the importance of sustainable fuel and raw material selection in production. The results emphasize the necessity of reducing clinker content, exploring alternative fuels and raw materials, and adopting interventions like carbon capture and storage to enhance sustainability in cement production. The paper concludes that the integrated LCA and MCDM approach provides valuable insights for decision-makers in the cement industry, aiding the pursuit of more sustainable practices and calling for further research on the environmental impact of specific raw materials and fuels.
Levels, sources, and risk of heavy metals in soils from northwest and eastern industrial areas of China
Authors: Xiao Kai , Zhou Yousong , Zhang Yongqiang , Donglei Fu , Lu Senlin , Rabin Mominul Haque , Chowdhury Abrar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The heavy metal pollution caused by widespread industrial activities is an important and difficult issue for environmental pollution control in China. It adversely affects human health and the ecosystem. However, the relevant research on heavy metals contamination in typical petrochemical (PIA) and coking industries areas (CIA) was few. In this study, a total of 24 and 21 surface topsoil (< 20 cm) samples were collected in petrochemical and coking industrial areas, respectively. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and potential ecological risk index (ERI) were calculated to assess the Cu, Pb, Ni, Co, Cr, Zn, V, and Mn pollution levels in soils. The hazard index (HI), carcinogenic risk (CR), and non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) were used to assess the human health risk of heavy metals. The mean levels (mg/kg) of heavy metals were ranked as Mn (601.25) > Zn (154.63) > Cr (76.78) > V (76.04) > Cu (39.11) > Pb (36.88) > Ni (31.73) > Co (12.97) in PIA, and Mn (915.14) > Zn (307.64) > Cr (115.98) > Pb (93.20) > V (92.56) > Cu (44.42) > Ni (34.45) > Co (16.65) in CIA, respectively. Pollution indices indicated that the extent of heavy metals contamination in CIA soils is higher than PIA. Source apportionment of heavy metals in soil was performed using Spearman's correlation coefficient, principal component analysis (PCA) and matrix cluster analysis, suggesting that industrial activities and the transshipment process were the major contributors to heavy metals. About NCR, the THI values were higher than 1 in both typical industrial areas, implying that there is potential health risk to humans. Except for the CR values of Pb for children and adults in both industrial areas and the CR values of Cr for adults in PIA, the CR are between 1.00 × 10− 6 and 1.00 × 10− 4, other heavy metals of the CR values were higher than 1\(\times\)10−4. This result reflects the fact that there were seriously adverse impacts on human health. Overall, the NCR and CR of the heavy metals for different populations ranked as follows: children > adults and Cu, Ni, Co, and Cr were identified as the major contributors to CR and NCR. The result of the present study provides timely information for developing control and management strategies to reduce soil contamination by heavy metals in typical petrochemical and coking industries areas.
Advancing Supercapacitors: Examining Modified MCM-48 as a Superior Electrode Material
Authors: Kalita Arnab , Kashyap Trishanku , Saikia Pranjal , Talukdar Anup Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Supercapacitors have gained prominence owing to their exceptional cyclic efficiency, reversible charge/discharge rates and high specific power density. In this study, Fe was integrated into the MCM-48 framework to create a modified mesoporous structure to be used as supercapacitor electrodes. The materials were thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including XRD, XPS, UV-Vis (DRS), FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, SEM with EDX, TEM and TGA. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanometric charge-discharge studies revealed that the Fe-MCM-48 sample with Si:Fe molar ratio of 20 (Fe-MCM-48 (20)) exhibited ideal supercapacitor behaviour, showcasing higher capacitance value of up to 787 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The modified material also demonstrated excellent specific energy (up to 109.3 W h kg−1) and specific power (up to 240 W kg−1). These results suggest the potential practical applicability of this material as an electrode material in supercapacitors.
Perception of patients’ rights in clinical services among clients attending the outpatientdepartment at the Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania
Authors: Ernest Bahat , Ochieng Joseph , Kwagala Betty 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ethical principles and patients’ rights should guide all encounters with patients. Failure to observe ethical guidelines can lead to patient dissatisfaction and medical malpractice, and without an appropriate understanding of the patient’s rights, the healthcare team may at times be prone to various tendencies, such as failure to respect patient autonomy, such as acting in a paternalist manner or making clinical decisions on behalf of the patient or family. Another way to do so can occur, including cases in which not all options, risks or side effects may be appropriately disclosed. This study explored the awareness of patients’ rights to clinical services among clients attending the outpatient department at the Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital.
Methods: This was an exploratory cross-sectional study design that employed qualitative methods for data collection. The study was carried out among 34 clients attending the outpatient department at Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital in the Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania: the medical unit, the Care and Treatment Clinic (CTC) unit, the gynecology unit, and the TB and leprosy unit. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 participants, while 14 participants participated in group discussions. The data were analysed via inductive thematic analysis, which allowed the data to identify and determine the themes in this study, which were then presented in the form of extracts or quotes. Nvivo 12 software was used to support the data analysis.
Results: The majority of the participants perceived that patients' rights were well implemented in health facilities and that they were satisfied with them. The minority stated that they are not satisfied with patients' rights because of various challenges that cause their rights to be poorly implemented. The main reasons for the poor implementation and dissatisfaction suggested were corruption in health facilities, the beating of patients, wastage of time while in health care facilities, poor communication with some health care providers, a shortage of medical equipment and healthcare providers, gaps in existing regulations, and follow-up.
Conclusions: To enhance satisfaction with patients' rights, there is a need for more sensitization of patients' rights through the client's service charter for health facilities and a relevant health policy to guide the implementation of patients' rights.
Downscaling of wind fields on the east coast of India using deep convolutional neural networks and their applications in storm surge computations
Authors: Kolukula Siva Srinivas , Murty P. L. N. , Baduru Balaji , Sharath D. , P. A. Francis 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Downscaling is reconstructing data from low to high resolution, capturing local effects and magnitudes. Widely employed methods for downscaling are dynamic and statistical methods with pros and cons. With ample data, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques can be employed to learn mapping from low to high resolution. This article investigates convolutional neural network capabilities for downscaling winds. The speed and direction of the wind are guided by a complex relation among pressure, Coriolis force, friction, and temperature, which leads to highly nonlinear wind patterns and poses a significant challenge for downscaling. The problem can be formulated as a super-resolution technique called a super-resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN) for data reconstruction. Few variations of SRCNN are studied for wind downscaling. Six years of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) wind datasets along the east coast of India are used in the current study and are downscaled up to four times. Downscaled winds provide better results than traditional interpolation methods. Simulations for an extreme event are conducted with SRCNN downscaled winds and are compared against interpolation methods and original data. The numerical simulation results show that DL-based methods provide results closer to the ground truth than interpolation methods.
Identification of Genes Encoded Toxin-Antitoxin System in
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strains from Clinical Sample
Authors: Sundaram Karthikeyan , Kagithakara Vajravelu Leela , Velayutham Ravichandiran , Mohan Utpal 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The toxin-antitoxin system is a genetic element that is highly present in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the causative agent of tuberculosis. The toxin-antitoxin sys-tem comprises toxin protein and antitoxin protein or non-encoded RNA interacting with each other and inhibiting toxin activity. M. Tuberculosis has more classes of TA loci than non-tubercle bacilli and other microbes, including VapBC, HigBA, MazEF, ParDE, RelBE, MbcTA, PemIK, DarTG, MenTA, one tripartite type II TAC chaperone system, and hypothetical proteins.

Aims:
The study aims to demonstrate the genes encoded toxin-antitoxin system in mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from clinical samples.

Materials and Methods:
The pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis clinical samples were collected, and smear microscopy (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) was performed for the detection of high bacilli (3+) count, followed by nucleic acid amplification assay. Bacterial culture and growth assay, genomic DNA extraction, and polymerase chain reaction were also carried out.

Results:
The positive PTB and EPTB samples were determined by 3+ in microscopy smear [20], and the total count of tubercle bacilli determined by NAAT assay was 8.0×1005 in sputum and 1.3×1004 CFU/ml in tissue abscess. Moreover, the genomic DNA was extracted from culture, and the amplification of Rv1044 and Rv1045 genes in 624 and 412 base pairs (between 600-700 and 400-500 in ladder), respectively, in the H37Rv and clinical samples was observed.

Conclusion:
It has been found that Rv1044 and Rv1045 are hypothetical proteins with 624 and 882 base pairs belonging to the AbiEi/AbiEii family of toxin-antitoxin loci. Moreover, the signifi-cant identification of TA-encoded loci genes may allow for the investigation of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.