bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balance between endoscopic and genetic information in the choice of ileorectal anastomosis for familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Valanzano Rosa , Ficari Ferdinando , Curia Maria Cristina , Aceto Gitana , Veschi Serena , Cama Alessandro , Battista Pasquale , Tonelli Francesco 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe number of rectal polyps and the site of mutations in the APC (Adenomatous polyposis coli) gene have been used to guide the surgical management in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The aim of this study is to assess the utility of the APC mutation screening compared to the degree of the rectal polyposis in surgical decision making.MethodsThe post‐surgical courses of 25 patients submitted to subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) were reviewed. Preservation of the rectum was prospectively decided on the basis of well‐defined endoscopic criteria. The number of rectal polyps was assessed preoperatively and every 6–12 months. APC gene was screened for mutations by heteroduplex analysis, single strand conformation polymorphism, in vitro synthesized protein (IVSP), and DNA sequencing. Patients negative for APC mutations were tested for MYH mutations.ResultsOn the basis of preoperative polyp rectal count we categorized patients as follows: Group I, 5 or fewer adenomas; Group II, 6–9 adenomas; Group III, 10 or more adenomas. After a follow‐up ranging from 12 to 225 months we have observed a significant difference of recurrent rectal adenomas between Groups I–II versus III. No difference was detected among patients of Group I and II. The mean number of adenomas/year/patient was 0.67, 1.62, and 9.29 for Group I, II, and III, respectively. Carpeting polyposis of the rectal stump developed in three patients with APC mutation at codon 1309 and two of them needed later proctectomy. Diffuse rectal polyposis was observed in one patient with mutation at exon 9 who had 10 small polyps at time of surgery. Mutation at the 5′‐end of APC (codons 144–232), mutation of MYH and unknown APC or MYH mutation were correlated with a low number of polyps both at presentation and follow‐up. No IRA patients developed rectal cancer.ConclusionsIn our experience fewer than 10 rectal polyps at presentation can predict a favorable outcome after IRA. Identification of specific germ‐line APC or MYH mutation can address the choice of surgical treatment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:28–33. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of C‐Myc mRNA in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Vora Hemangini H. , Shah Neelam G. , Trivedi Trupti I. , Goswami Jignesh V. , Shukla Shilin N. , Shah Pankaj M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate clinical significance of C‐myc mRNA in patients with tongue cancer.MethodsC‐myc mRNA expression was studied by RT‐PCR in peripheral blood of 25 tongue cancer patients and 24 controls. C‐myc protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn tongue cancer patients, pretherapeutic C‐myc mRNA expression was significantly higher as compared to controls. In tumor tissues, a trend of low expression of C‐myc mRNA was noted as compared to pretherapeutic blood. The mean pretherapeutic C‐myc mRNA level was lower in tobacco‐users, in older patients, in keratinizing tumors, in tumors showed lymphocytic infiltration as well as in non‐responders as compared to their respective counterparts. C‐myc mRNA expression was lower in tumors showed lymphatic permeation and in patients with a habit of tobacco use. Further, low C‐myc mRNA expression associated with poor prognosis. C‐myc protein expression was noted in 72% of the tumors and an inverse correlation was noted between C‐myc protein expression and disease stage. In early stage disease, an inverse correlation was noted while in advanced stage disease, a positive correlation was noted.ConclusionIn tongue cancer, downregulation of C‐myc mRNA associated with advancement of the disease and worse prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:70–78. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility of concurrent adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy after breast‐conserving surgery in early breast cancer
Authors: Han Sehwan , Kim Juree , Sohn Seungchang , Kwak Geum‐Hee , Kim Ji‐Young , Park Kyeongmee 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal sequence of chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) remains uncertain after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS). The current study was performed to evaluate whether the concurrent RT with CT increases the toxicities.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty‐eight patients with stages I and II breast cancers were prospectively allocated to concurrent CT and RT (n = 133) and sequential CT and RT (n = 105) after BCS. In the sequential group, RT was started after the completion of three cycles of CT and additional three cycles of CT were delivered after RT.ResultsThere was no significant difference in Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicities during CT between the two groups. Radiation related adverse effects were not different between the two groups. During the median follow‐up period of 42 months (range: 16–60 months), 18 patients (13.5%) of the concurrent group had systemic recurrence of breast cancer, whereas 20 patients (19.1%) of the sequential group had systemic recurrence. Disease‐free survival and local recurrence were not different between the two groups.ConclusionsConcurrent CT and RT were not associated with increased toxicity and showed reasonable cosmetic results. The current study indicates that concurrent RT and CT after BCS is a feasible treatment modality with an advantage of shortening the treatment time. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:45–50. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proposal for a new definition of true cardia carcinoma
Authors: Ichikura Takashi , Chochi Kentaro , Sugasawa Hidekazu , Mochizuki Hidetaka 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIt remains controversial whether cardia carcinoma should be categorized and treated as esophageal cancer or gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to develop a reasonable definition of cardia carcinoma.MethodsPatients with Siewert type II carcinomas were divided into two subgroups: 25 patients with a tumor center within 1 cm of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) (type IIA) and 22 patients with tumor center 1–2 cm aboral of the EGJ (type IIB). Patients with subcardia carcinomas, 40 with invasion to the EGJ (type III) and 110 without (type IIIe−), were used as controls.ResultsThe patients with type IIB carcinomas showed no different characteristics from those with type III or type IIIe− carcinomas, except for the stage of the disease. On the other hand, those with type IIA carcinomas were associated with a higher male/female ratio, higher incidences of elevated appearance, differentiated histology, and mediastinal node metastasis, and a significantly lower survival rate as compared with patients with subcardia carcinomas. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that type IIA is a significant prognostic determinant, but that type IIB is not.ConclusionType IIA carcinomas should be treated as true cardia carcinoma; type IIB as subcardia carcinoma. Our results should be confirmed by a prospective study. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:561–566. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential apoptosis by gallotannin in human colon cancer cells with distinct p53 status
Authors: Al‐Ayyoubi Sahar , Gali‐Muhtasib Hala 
Published: December 2006

AbstractGallotannin (GT), a plant polyphenol, has shown anticarcinogenic activities in several animal models including colon cancer. In our previous study, we showed that GT inhibits 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine‐induced colonic aberrant crypt foci and tumors in Balb/c mice, thus supporting a role for GT as a chemopreventive agent in colon cancer. However, at the molecular level, GT's mechanism of chemoprevention is still unclear. In this study, we aim at identifying GT's potential molecular mechanisms of action in in vitro studies. We show that GT differentially inhibits the growth of two isogenic HCT‐116 (p53+/+, p53−/−) human colon cancer cells versus normal human intestinal epithelial cells (FHs 74Int). DNA flow cytometric analysis showed that GT induced S‐phase arrest in both HCT‐116 cell lines. Cell‐cycle arrest in p53 (+/+) cells was associated with an increase in p53 protein levels and p21 transcript and protein levels. The inhibition of cell‐cycle progression of HCT‐116 p53 (+/+) cells by GT correlated with a reduction in the protein levels of cyclin D1, pRb, and the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio. Although GT did not induce apoptosis in p53 (+/+) cells, a significant induction of apoptosis was observed in p53 (−/−) cells as shown by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry analysis. Apoptosis induction in p53 (−/−) cells was associated with a significant increase in Bax/Bcl‐2 protein levels. Our results demonstrate that GT inhibits the growth of HCT‐116 colon cancer cells in a p53‐independent manner but exhibits differential sensitivity to apoptosis induction in HCT‐116 cells with distinct p53 status. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rural Internet access: over‐subscription strategies, regulation and equilibrium
Authors: Shin SeungJae , Weiss Martin B. , Tucci Jack 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the Internet access market using a game theoretic model. In particular, we consider the Nash equilibrium of the service providers and examine their behavior on network investment and output level. We calibrate this model to fit the industry structure and data found in rural markets. In the first part of the paper, we examine the Internet industry structure and its characteristics. Based on the industry structure, we create a Cournot duopoly model, in which real world cost and revenue projections are used to find Internet access market equilibrium. In conclusion, we analyze social welfare of the equilibrium. These analyses allow us to explain the motivation for the rural ISPs' behavior, such as over‐subscription and under‐investment and to present an analytical framework for Internet industry policy makers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of corporate governance and technical efficiency in Italian manufacturing
Authors: Destefanis Sergio , Sena Vania 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between the corporate governance system and technical efficiency in Italian manufacturing. We use a non‐parametric frontier technique (DEA) to derive technical efficiency measures for a sample of Italian firms taken from nine manufacturing industries. These measures are then related to the characteristics of the corporate governance system. Two of these characteristics turn out to have a positive impact on technical efficiency: the percentage of the company shares owned by the largest shareholder and the fact that a firm belongs to a pyramidal group. Interestingly, a trade‐off emerges between these influences, in the sense that one is stronger in industries where the other is weaker. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary evidence on the appointment of institutional solutions to franchisor moral hazard—the case of franchisee councils
Authors: Cochet Olivier , Ehrmann Thomas 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBesides franchisee opportunistic behavior, franchisor moral hazard is a central concern in franchise chains. Economic literature thus far focused on the sharing of franchisee revenues as an incentive for curbing franchisor malfeasance. In this paper, we ask whether and how the obligations of chains may be enforced through institutional arrangements like franchisee councils. Consistent with expectations, the appointment of a council empirically turned out to be more likely as decision rights—a proxy for the scope of moral hazard—were increasingly allocated to companies' management. We found this relationship to be negatively moderated by the contractual share parameter. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel cyclooxygenase‐catalyzed bioactive prostaglandin F2α from physiology to new principles in inflammation
Authors: Basu Samar 
Published: December 2006

AbstractProstaglandin F2α (PGF2α), a foremost stable vasoactive cyclooxygenase (COX)‐catalyzed prostaglandin, regulates a number of key physiological functions such as luteolysis, ovarian function, luteal maintenance of pregnancy, and parturition as a constitutive part of ongoing reproductive processes of the body. It has recently been implicated in the regulation of intricate pathophysiological processes, such as acute and chronic inflammation, cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases. Since the discovery of a second isoform of COXs, it has been shown that PGF2α can be formed in vivo from arachidonic acid through both isoforms of COXs, namely cyclooxygenase‐1 (COX‐1) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2). Being synthesized in various parts of the body, it metabolizes instantly to a number of rather inactive metabolites mainly in the lungs, liver, kidney, and efficiently excretes into the urine. 15‐Keto‐dihydro‐PGF2α, a major stable metabolite of PGF2α that reflects in vivo PGF2α biosynthesis, is found in larger quantities than its parent compound in the circulation and urine in basal physiological conditions, with short‐lived pulses during luteolysis, induced termination of pregnancy and parturition, and is increased in tissues and various body fluids during acute, sub‐chronic, and severe chronic inflammation. Further, the close relationship of PGF2α with a number of risk factors for atherosclerosis indicates its major role in inflammation pathology. This review addresses multiple aspects of PGF2α in addition to its emerging role in physiology to inflammation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 27, No. 4, 435–468, 2007
Lipoxygenase inhibitors: A comparative QSAR study review and evaluation of new QSARs
Authors: Pontiki Eleni , Hadjipavlou‐Litina Dimitra 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper contains a quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) study for lipoxygenase (LO) inhibitors. It reveals that in almost all cases, the clog P parameter plays an important part in the QSARs (linear or bilinear model). In some cases the steric factors such as the overall molar refractivity (CMR) or the substituents molar refractivity (MR) (linear or parabola) are important. Electronic effects are comparatively unimportant. The study shows that log P as calculated from the Clog P program is suitable for this form of QSAR study. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 28, No. 1, 39–117, 2008
Reduced oxygen concentration improves the developmental competence of mouse oocytes following in vitro maturation
Authors: Preis Kimberly A. , Seidel George E. , Gardner David K. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractReduced atmospheric oxygen concentration is beneficial to embryo development; however, optimal oxygen concentration for oocyte maturation remains undetermined. Likewise, there is no consensus of appropriate medium supplementation during maturation. The objective of this study was to determine whether oxygen tension (20% or 5% O2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) affect oocyte metabolism and subsequent embryo development. Cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from 28‐day‐old equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) primed or unprimed F1 (C57BL/6xCBA) mice. COCs were matured in defined medium in one of four groups: 20% O2, 20% O2 + EGF, 5% O2, 5% O2 + EGF. In vivo matured COCs were also collected for analysis. COCs from unprimed mice, matured in 5% O2 ± EGF or 20% O2 + EGF had higher metabolic rates than COCs matured in 20% O2 (P < 0.05). COCs from primed mice had higher metabolic rates when matured in the presence of EGF, regardless of oxygen tension (P < 0.01). Oxygen uptake and mitochondrial membrane potential were higher for in vivo matured oocytes and oocytes matured under 5% O2 compared to oocytes matured under 20% O2 (P < 0.05). Blastocyst formation was not different between maturation groups (primed or unprimed); however, embryo cell numbers were 20–45% significantly higher when COCs were matured at 5% O2 (P < 0.05). Results suggest that oocytes matured in physiological concentrations of oxygen have improved development and metabolic activity, more closely resembling in vivo maturation. These findings have implications for oocyte maturation in both clinical and research laboratories. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 893–903, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serial triple quantum sodium MRI during non‐human primate focal brain ischemia
Authors: LaVerde G. , Nemoto E. , Jungreis C.A. , Tanase C. , Boada F.E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTriple quantum (TQ) sodium MRI techniques with clinically acceptable 18‐min data acquisition times were demonstrated in vivo in a nonhuman primate model of focal brain ischemia. Focal brain ischemia was induced in four animals using embolization coils to occlude the posterior cerebral artery, and a balloon catheter to occlude the middle cerebral artery. A statistically significant increase (P < 0.001) in the TQ sodium MRI signal intensity in the ischemic hemisphere relative to the contralateral hemisphere was seen at all time points in all four animals. This increased TQ sodium MRI signal intensity was demonstrated as early as 0.6 hr after the onset of ischemia. The TQ sodium MRI hyperintensity corresponded to the anatomical location of the ischemic cortex, as indicated by the registration of the TQ imaging data with anatomical proton MRI data. The results demonstrate that early after the onset of ischemia, there was an increase in the TQ signal intensity in the ischemic hemisphere, and a negligible change in the single quantum (SQ) signal intensity. Magn Reson Med 57:201–205, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systematic investigation of balanced steady‐state free precession for functional MRI in the human visual cortex at 3 Tesla
Authors: Zhong Kai , Leupold Jochen , Hennig Juergen , Speck Oliver 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPrevious studies have applied balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) to functional brain imaging. Methods that exploit the strong frequency dependence of the MR signal in the bSSFP transition band are strongly affected by field inhomogeneity and frequency drifts. Recent bSSFP studies using “on‐resonance” (in the bSSFP passband) acquisition claimed that higher sensitivity was achieved compared to traditional fMRI methods. However, the contrast mechanism that generates activation‐related signal changes in bSSFP imaging is not yet fully understood. We performed a systematic study of on‐resonance bSSFP signal behavior using a multiecho balanced SSFP sequence with different TRs at 3 Tesla. We conclude that intravoxel dephasing, or the off‐resonance averaged steady state, dominates the bSSFP signal decay and determines the bSSFP fMRI contrast. Experimental findings were confirmed by simulations based on existing theories for signal formation around blood vessels in inhomogeneous tissues. The activation‐induced signal change in on‐resonance bSSFP increases with TE, and the TE dependence of the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) in bSSFP is similar to that in gradient echo‐planar imaging (GE‐EPI). However, GE‐EPI has a significantly higher CNR efficiency. Magn Reson Med 57:67–73, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D radial projection technique with ultrashort echo times for sodium MRI: Clinical applications in human brain and skeletal muscle
Authors: Nielles‐Vallespin Sònia , Weber Marc‐André , Bock Michael , Bongers André , Speier Peter , Combs Stephanie E. , Wöhrle Johannes , Lehmann‐Horn Frank , Essig Marco , Schad Lothar R. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract23Na MRI has the potential to noninvasively detect sodium (Na) content changes in vivo. The goal of this study was to implement 23Na MRI in a clinical setting for neurooncological and muscular imaging. Due to the biexponential T2 decay of the tissue Na signal with a short component, which ranges between 0.5–8 ms, the measurement of total Na content requires imaging techniques with echo times (TEs) below 0.5 ms. A 3D radial pulse sequence with a TE of 0.2 ms at a spatial resolution of 4 × 4 × 4 mm3 was developed that allows the acquisition and presentation of Na images on the scanner. This sequence was evaluated in patients with low‐ and high‐grade gliomas, and higher 23Na MR signals corresponding to an increased Na content were found in the tumor regions. The contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) between tumor and white matter increased from 0.8 ± 0.2 to 1.3 ± 0.3 with tumor grade. In patients with an identified muscular 23Na channelopathy (Paramyotonia congenita (PC)), induced muscle weakness led to a signal increase of ∼18% in the 23Na MR images, which was attributed to intracellular Na+ accumulation in this region. Magn Reson Med 57:74–81, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast 3D 1H spectroscopic imaging at 3 Tesla using spectroscopic missing‐pulse SSFP with 3D spatial preselection
Authors: Schuster Christian , Dreher Wolfgang , Geppert Christian , Leibfritz Dieter 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) 1H MR spectroscopic imaging (SI) allows metabolic changes in human tissue to be identified. In clinical practice, fast acquisition techniques are required to achieve an adequate spatial resolution within acceptable total measurement times. In this study a novel fast pulse sequence for 3D 1H SI based on the condition of steady‐state free precession (SSFP), termed “spectroscopic missing‐pulse SSFP” (spMP‐SSFP), is proposed. It combines 3D spatial preselection with the acquisition of full spin echoes (SEs), and thus makes subsequent phase correction of spectra redundant. The sequence was applied to a phantom and healthy human brains in vivo at 3 Tesla. Metabolic images are acquired with a spatial resolution of 1.8 cm3 within a total measurement time of about 6 min. With a lower signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) per unit measurement time compared to previous spectroscopic SSFP implementations, 3D spatial preselection can now be realized with spMP‐SSFP. Since the method does not require separate techniques for water and lipid suppression, and employs a simple data‐processing approach, spMP‐SSFP is a robust, fast SI method that requires only minimal user interaction. Magn Reson Med 57:82–89, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Augmented generalized SENSE reconstruction to correct for rigid body motion
Authors: Bammer Roland , Aksoy Murat , Liu Chunlei 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe correction of motion artifacts continues to be a significant problem in MRI. In the case of uncooperative patients, such as children, or patients who are unable to remain stationary, the accurate determination and correction of motion artifacts becomes a very important prerequisite for achieving good image quality. The application of conventional motion‐correction strategies often produces inconsistencies in k‐space data. As a result, significant residual artifacts can persist. In this work a formalism is introduced for parallel imaging in the presence of motion. The proposed method can improve overall image quality because it diminishes k‐space inconsistencies by exploiting the complementary image encoding capacity of individual receiver coils. Specifically, an augmented version of an iterative SENSE reconstruction is used as a means of synthesizing the missing data in k‐space. Motion is determined from low‐resolution navigator images that are coregistered by an automatic registration routine. Navigator data can be derived from self‐navigating k‐space trajectories or in combination with other navigation schemes that estimate patient motion. This correction method is demonstrated by interleaved spiral images collected from volunteers. Conventional spiral scans and scans corrected with proposed techniques are shown, and the results illustrate the capacity of this new correction approach. Magn Reson Med 57:90–102, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.