bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Extremely Low Birth Weight (&lt;1 kg) and Extremely Low Gestational Age (&lt;28 Weeks) Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Effects of Practice Changes in 2000 to 2003
Authors: Kobaly Kristen , Schluchter Mark , Minich Nori , Friedman Harriet , Taylor Hudson Gerry , Wilson-Costello Deanne , Hack Maureen 
Published: December 2007

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to evaluate whether changes in neonatal intensive care have improved outcomes for children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependence at corrected age of 36 weeks).METHODS. We compared outcomes of extremely low birth weight (&lt;1 kg) and extremely low gestational age (&lt;28 weeks) infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia between 2 periods (period I, 1996–1999: extremely low birth weight, n = 122; extremely low gestational age, n = 118; period II, 2000–2003: extremely low birth weight, n = 109; extremely low gestational age, n = 107).RESULTS. For both groups, significant practice changes between period I and period II included increased prenatal and decreased postnatal steroid therapy and increased surfactant therapy, indomethacin therapy, and patent ductus arteriosus ligation. Significant morbidity changes included decreased rates of severe cranial ultrasound abnormalities and increased rates of ventilator dependence. Rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia did not change (52% vs 53%). Follow-up evaluation revealed significantly lower rates of neurosensory abnormalities during period II (extremely low birth weight: 29% vs 16%; extremely low gestational age: 31% vs 16%). There were no changes in rates of Mental Developmental Index scores of &lt;70 (extremely low birth weight: 42% vs 42%; extremely low gestational age: 37% vs 45%) or overall developmental impairment (extremely low birth weight: 51% vs 49%; extremely low gestational age: 50% vs 51%). For the extremely low gestational age group, predictors of neurosensory abnormalities were severe cranial ultrasound abnormality and postnatal steroid therapy. Predictors of overall impairment included severe cranial ultrasound abnormalities, ventilator dependence, postnatal steroid therapy, and patent ductus arteriosus ligation. For the extremely low birth weight group, the only predictor of neurosensory abnormalities was severe cranial ultrasound abnormality. Predictors of overall impairment included multiple birth, ventilator dependence, and severe cranial ultrasound abnormalities.CONCLUSIONS. Neurosensory outcomes of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia improved during 2000 to 2003 but overall neurodevelopmental outcomes did not change.
Functional Ontogeny of the Proglucagon-Derived Peptide Axis in the Premature Human Neonate
Authors: Amin Harish , Holst Jens J. , Hartmann Bolette , Wallace Laurie , Wright Jim , Sigalet David L. 
Published: December 2007

BACKGROUND. The regulation of intestinal growth and development in human neonates is incompletely understood, which hinders the provision of nutrients enterally. The “hindgut” hormones glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 have been shown to play an important role in the regulation of nutrient assimilation, intestinal growth, and function.OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to investigate the production of glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 in premature human infants and examine the effects of prematurity and feeding on hormone release.PATIENTS AND METHODS. With informed consent, premature infants who were admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care nursery (gestational age: 28–32 weeks) were monitored with weekly determinations of postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 and 2 levels. Comparison studies with groups of normal infants and adults were performed. Hormone levels were obtained by using specific radioimmunoassay for glucagon-like peptide 1 (1–36) and glucagon-like peptide 2 (1–33), modified for small sample volumes; accurate monitoring of enteral intake was performed at all of the sampling time points.RESULTS. Forty-five infants with a mean gestational age of 29.6 ± 1.9 weeks were studied; fasting levels of both glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 were elevated. There was no correlation between gestational age and glucagon-like peptide 2 output. However, both glucagon-like peptide 1 and 2 levels were correlated with the caloric value of feeds.CONCLUSIONS. The premature human neonate has significantly higher fasting levels of glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 compared with adults; feeding increases these levels further. These findings suggest that the proglucagon-derived peptides may have a role in normal intestinal development and nutrient handling.
Being Overweight Modifies the Association Between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Microalbuminuria in Adolescents
Authors: Nguyen Stephanie , McCulloch Charles , Brakeman Paul , Portale Anthony , Hsu Chi-yuan 
Published: December 2007

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to determine the association between cardiovascular risk factors and microalbuminuria in a nationally representative sample of adolescents and to determine whether being overweight modifies this association.METHODS. We analyzed cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(1999–2004) for 2515 adolescents 12 to 19 years of age. Cardiovascular risk factors included abdominal obesity, impaired fasting glucose, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, high triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, hypertension, smoking, and the metabolic syndrome. Microalbuminuria was defined as a urinary albumin/creatinine ratio of 30 to 299 mg/g in a random morning sample. Overweight was defined as BMI of ≥95th percentile, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts.RESULTS. Microalbuminuria was present in 8.9% of adolescents. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was higher among nonoverweight adolescents than among overweight adolescents. The median albumin/creatinine ratio decreased with increasing BMI z scores. The association of microalbuminuria with cardiovascular risk factors differed according to BMI category. Among nonoverweight adolescents, microalbuminuria was not associated with any cardiovascular disease risk factor except for overt diabetes mellitus. Among overweight adolescents, however, microalbuminuria was associated with impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, hypertension, and smoking, as well as diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION. For the majority of adolescents, microalbuminuria is not associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Among overweight adolescents, however, microalbuminuria is associated with cardiovascular risk factors. The prognostic importance of microalbuminuria in overweight and nonoverweight adolescents with regard to future cardiovascular and renal disease needs to be defined in prospective studies conducted specifically in children.
Host Susceptibility Hypothesis for Shell Disease in American Lobsters
Authors: Tlusty Michael F. , Smolowitz Roxanna M. , Halvorson Harlyn O. , DeVito Simone E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Epizootic shell disease (ESD) in American lobsters Homarus americanus is the bacterial degradation of the carapace resulting in extensive irregular, deep erosions. The disease is having a major impact on the health and mortality of some American lobster populations, and its effects are being transferred to the economics of the fishery. While the onset and progression of ESD in American lobsters is undoubtedly multifactorial, there is little understanding of the direct causality of this disease. The host susceptibility hypothesis developed here states that although numerous environmental and pathological factors may vary around a lobster, it is eventually the lobster's internal state that is permissive to or shields it from the final onset of the diseased state. To support the host susceptibility hypothesis, we conceptualized a model of shell disease onset and severity to allow further research on shell disease to progress from a structured model. The model states that shell disease onset will occur when the net cuticle degradation (bacterial degradation, decrease of host immune response to bacteria, natural wear, and resorption) is greater than the net deposition (growth, maintenance, and inflammatory response) of the shell. Furthermore, lesion severity depends on the extent to which cuticle degradation exceeds deposition. This model is consistent with natural observations of shell disease in American lobster.
Multitiered Health Assessment of Atlantic Menhaden in the Pamlico River, North Carolina
Authors: Johnson A. K. , Law J. M. , Harms C. A. , Levine J. F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
During the fall of 2001 and 2002, Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus were collected from several creeks in the Pamlico River, North Carolina, to investigate recent fish kills and ulcerative skin lesions. High skin lesion prevalence (&gt;50%) was associated with the Atlantic menhaden kills in fall 2001, whereas there were no fish kills in fall 2002 and skin lesion prevalence was lower (≤50%). Indicators of tissue damage (histopathological analyses of gills, heart, liver, intestine, and anterior kidney), body condition (liver somatic index), and immune status (transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) messenger RNA (mRNA) production, hematology, plasma chemistry, and splenosomatic index) were compared between Atlantic menhaden with and without ulcerative skin lesions in fall. Atlantic menhaden with ulcerative skin lesions had significantly higher liver somatic indices, neutrophil and monocyte percentages, and splenic mononuclear cell TGF-β mRNA levels than did fish without lesions. Hematocrit values, plasma protein, and Ca concentrations were significantly lower in fish with ulcerative skin lesions than in those without. The indicators used in this study at multiple levels of biological organization have provided valuable baseline data for understanding the health status of lesioned and nonlesioned Atlantic menhaden in the Pamlico River.
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Largemouth Bass Virus
Authors: Getchell R. G. , Groocock G. H. , Schumacher V. L. , Grimmett S. G. , Wooster G. A. , Bowser P. R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) to test for largemouth bass virus (LMBV) was evaluated during a challenge experiment in which largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides were immersed in the type strain of LMBV. The real-time PCR and cell culture methods were both used to measure LMBV present in the inoculum. Additional samples tested by QPCR included gill, gonad, kidney, liver, mucus, spleen, and swim bladder. A plasmid clone containing a 248-base pair (bp) fragment of the major capsid protein gene (MCP*) was serially diluted and used as a standard to quantify the number of LMBV DNA copies present in the samples tested. A 62-bp fragment of DNA located in MCP* was amplified in the real-time PCR assay. This work has demonstrated the value of the QPCR assay in LMBV surveys.
Histologic Results From a Human Implant Retrieved Due to Fracture 5 Years After Insertion in a Sinus Augmented With Anorganic Bovine Bone
Authors: Iezzi Giovanna , Scarano Antonio , Mangano Carlo , Cirotti Bruno , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: December 2007

Background: Little is known about the healing pattern and the osseointegration processes at the interface of implants placed into different grafting materials in man. Anorganic bovine bone (ABB) is a xenogenic material with a high biocompatibility and osteoconductivity.Methods: A 47‐year‐old patient underwent a monolateral sinus‐augmentation procedure using 100% ABB. Two titanium dental implants were inserted at the same time as the grafting procedure. After 6 months, a fixed prosthetic restoration was placed. After a 5‐year loading period, the distal implant fractured, and the implant was removed with a 5‐mm trephine bur.Results: At low magnification, in the peri‐implant bone in the grafted area, many particles of ABB were still present. Bone was always interposed between the ABB particles and the metal surface, and in no case were the graft particles in contact with the implant. No acute or chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate or foreign body reactions were present around the particles or at the bone–implant interface. The tissues around the implant were composed of 40% ± 2.4% bone, 12% ± 2.9% ABB particles, and 50% ± 6.2% marrow spaces. The percentage of bone‐to‐implant contact was 48.6% ± 3.7%.Conclusions: A high percentage (∼50%) of direct contact between bone and implant, without the interposition of graft material particles, was present. ABB had enabled implant integration to take place, which had remained stable for 5 years.
Five‐Year Clinical Evaluation of Short Dental Implants Placed in Posterior Areas: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , Orive Gorka , Aguirre José Javier , Andía Isabel 
Published: December 2007

Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the long‐term survival rates of short dental implants in posterior areas and to analyze the influence of different factors on implant survival.Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was used. A total of 293 subjects received 532 short implants between 2001 and 2004. All implants were placed by two experienced surgeons, and rehabilitations were done by three prosthodontists. Each implant failure was analyzed carefully. The potential influence of demographic factors, clinical factors, surgery‐dependent factors, and prosthetic variables on implant survival was studied. Implant survival was analyzed using a life‐table analysis (Wilcoxon [Gehan] test).Results: The overall survival rates of short implants were 99.2% and 98.7% for the implant‐ and subject‐based analyses, respectively. The mean follow‐up period was 31 ± 12.3 months. Two of 532 implants were lost during the observation period. None of the variables studied were statistically associated with implant failure.Conclusion: Treatment with short implants can be considered safe and predictable if used under strict clinical protocols.
Altered Gene Expression Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Periodontitis‐Affected Gingival Tissue
Authors: Kubota Takehiko , Itagaki Manami , Hoshino Chika , Nagata Masaki , Morozumi Toshiya , Kobayashi Tetsuo , Takagi Ritsuo , Yoshie Hiromasa 
Published: December 2007

Background: The balance between the degradation and synthesis of extracellular matrix determines periodontal attachment levels and alveolar bone matrix concentration in periodontal diseases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to degrade periodontal ligamental attachment and bone matrix proteins. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different expression levels of MMPs and their inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), in periodontitis.Methods: Sixteen inflamed gingival tissue samples from subjects with generalized chronic periodontitis and 14 control tissue samples from systemically and periodontally healthy subjects were evaluated. The total RNA was extracted, and the transcript levels for MMP‐1, −3, −9, and −13 and TIMP‐1, −2, −3, and −4 relative to β‐actin were determined by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction.Results: Gene transcript levels for MMP‐1 and TIMP‐4 were significantly higher in periodontitis‐affected gingival tissues (P <0.05). MMP‐3, −9, and −13 and TIMP‐1 mRNAs also were elevated in periodontitis; however, the difference was not statistically significant. TIMP‐2 and −3 mRNA levels were similar in healthy and diseased gingivae. The ratios of MMP‐1/TIMP‐2 (P <0.01), MMP‐3/TIMP‐2 (P <0.05), MMP‐9/TIMP‐2 (P <0.05), and MMP‐1/TIMP‐3 (P <0.01) from periodontitis lesions were significantly higher than those in the control tissues.Conclusions: Upregulated MMP expression and an increased MMP/TIMP ratio indicate that a potential imbalance between degradation and synthesis of extracellular matrix persists in periodontitis‐affected gingival tissues. This process may be responsible for increased tissue breakdown in periodontitis.
Correlation Between Salivary and Serum Markers of Bone Turnover in Osteopenic Rats
Authors: Pellegrini Gretel G. , Gonzales Chaves Macarena , Somoza Julia C. , Friedman Silvia M. , Zeni Susana N. 
Published: December 2007

Background: Previously, we measured bone alkaline phosphatase (b‐ALP) and terminal C‐telopeptide of collagen type I (CTX) in saliva. The present longitudinal experimental study sought to determine whether salivary concentrations of b‐ALP and CTX have the same response as in serum samples under different conditions: normal, increased, and reduced bone remodeling.Methods: Thirty rats were ovariectomized (OVX) to induce osteopenia 60 days after surgery, and 10 rats were sham operated. Then, the rats were divided into four groups and treated as follows for 45 days: group 1 (G1) = SHAM + vehicle; group 2 (G2) = OVX + 8 μg olpadronate (OPD)/100 g of body weight; group 3 (G3) = OVX + 4 μg OPD/100 g of body weight; and group 4 (G4) = OVX + vehicle. Saliva and serum CTX and b‐ALP were determined at 60 days (baseline) and at 75 days (T75). Lumbar spine and proximal tibia bone mineral density (BMD) was determined using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry at baseline and at 105 days.Results: SHAM baseline and T75 salivary b‐ALP and CTX levels correlated with serum concentrations (P <0.01 and P <0.004, respectively). A correlation was observed between saliva and serum concentrations of b‐ALP and CTX in OVX at baseline (P <0.0001 and P <0.004, respectively). Baseline salivary b‐ALP and CTX levels were lower in SHAM animals compared to OVX groups (P <0.01). After treatment, T75 saliva and serum CTX remained higher in G4 compared to G1 (P <0.05), was lower in G2 than in G1 (P <0.01) and G3 (P <0.01), and was similar in G1 and G3. Changes in BMD were the result of variations in salivary CTX levels due to OPD treatment (P <0.05).Conclusions: Saliva determinations may prove to be practical and reliable for the detection of systemic signs of increased bone remodeling, particularly in cases involving pediatric, obese, and elderly patients, and in screening large populations. Moreover, saliva CTX may be one of the best candidate markers to detect the activity and severity of periodontal disease.
Intake of Dairy Products and Periodontal Disease: The Hisayama Study
Authors: Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Shirota Tomoko , Uchida Kazuhiro , Yonemoto Koji , Kiyohara Yutaka , Iida Mitsuo , Saito Toshiyuki , Yamashita Yoshihisa 
Published: December 2007

Background: A previous study showed the relationship between the intake of dairy products and periodontitis, but the types of dairy products that confer a benefit on periodontal health status have not been determined.Methods: We analyzed 942 subjects aged 40 to 79 years as part of a comprehensive health examination of Hisayama Town, Fukuoka, Japan. Probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were used as the periodontal parameters. The dietary survey was conducted using a semiquantitative food frequency method. We examined the relationship between the intake of dairy products, such as milk, cheese, and lactic acid foods (yogurt and lactic acid drinks), and periodontal condition.Results: The daily intake of lactic acid foods in subjects with generalized deep PD or severe CAL was significantly lower than that in subjects with localized deep PD or slight CAL. In multivariate linear regression analysis, the increased intake of lactic acid foods was associated significantly with lower mean PD (P = 0.002) and lower mean CAL (P = 0.003). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the subjects eating ≥55 g lactic acid foods per day had a significantly lower prevalence of deep PD and severe CAL compared to those not eating these foods after adjusting for confounding variables; the odds ratios for generalized deep PD and severe CAL were 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23 to 0.70) and 0.50 (95% CI: 0.29 to 0.87), respectively.Conclusion: The routine intake of lactic acid foods may have a beneficial effect on periodontal disease.
Appearance of Multidrug‐Resistant Opportunistic Bacteria on the Gingiva During Leukemia Treatment
Authors: Soga Yoshihiko , Saito Takashi , Nishimura Fusanori , Ishimaru Fumihiko , Mineshiba Junji , Mineshiba Fumi , Takaya Hirokazu , Sato Hideaki , Kudo Chieko , Kokeguchi Susumu , Fujii Nobuharu , Tanimoto Mitsune , Takashiba Shogo 
Published: December 2007

Background: Dentists generally recognize the importance of periodontal treatment in patients with leukemia, with the most attention paid to preventing the development of odontogenic infection. For physicians, the worst type of infection is one caused by multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Here, we report a patient with an abnormal increase in multidrug‐resistant opportunistic bacteria in the gingiva during hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).Methods: A 53‐year‐old woman receiving HCT for leukemia had an insufficient blood cell count for invasive periodontal treatment before HCT. Even brushing caused difficulties with hemostasis. Therefore, frequent pocket irrigation and local minocycline administration were performed.Results: The multidrug‐resistant opportunistic bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was detected first in phlegm 2 days before HCT, and it was detected in a gingival smear and a blood sample 7 and 11 days after HCT, respectively. The patient developed sepsis on day 11 and died 14 days after HCT. Frequent irrigation and local antibiotic application were ineffective against S. maltophilia on the gingiva. Inflammatory gingiva without scaling and root planing showed bleeding tendency, and this interfered with the eradication of this bacterium.Conclusions: The gingiva in patients undergoing leukemia treatment acts as sites of proliferation and reservoirs for multidrug‐resistant opportunistic bacteria. Severe systemic infection by multidrug‐resistant bacteria in such patients with leukemia also may involve the gingiva. To prevent abnormal increases in such bacteria on the gingiva, scaling and/or root planing before chemotherapy, which reduces bleeding on brushing during the neutropenic period caused by chemotherapy, may contribute to infection control in such patients, although it was impossible in this case.
Presence and Significance of Interleukin‐1 Polymorphism in Patients Who Present With Acute Coronary Syndrome, Angina, and Chronic Periodontitis: An Epidemiologic Pilot Study
Authors: Goteiner David , Ashmen Robert , Lehrman Neal , Janal Malvin N. , Eskin Barnet 
Published: December 2007

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and angina patients have a greater prevalence of interleukin (IL)‐1 polymorphism at the time of hospital admission than groups without ACS or angina.Methods: A total of 106 patients hospitalized with ACS or angina were compared to a group of 1,959 individuals tested for susceptibility to periodontitis by profiling the IL‐1 gene. Blood collected upon admission was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and gel electrophoresis to determine IL‐1 polymorphism. A questionnaire was completed to assess home care and periodontal symptoms. Hospital and dental records were assessed for inclusion in the study, and dental records were analyzed for radiographic bone loss and dental history.Results: ACS/angina patients with severe radiographic bone loss demonstrated an increase in IL‐1–positive polymorphism (P = 0.06). If patients were ≥60 years of age, the prevalence of the positive gene was enriched (P = 0.009) with IL‐1α+4845T increasing significantly (P = 0.015).Conclusions: For patients ≥60 years of age, there was a statistically significant correlation between ACS/angina and IL‐1 polymorphism. Patients with ACS or angina were more likely to evidence a positive IL‐1 polymorphism and severe periodontitis.