bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bootstrap prediction inference of nonlinear autoregressive models
Authors: Wu Kejin , Politis Dimitris N. 
Published: April 2024

The nonlinear autoregressive (NLAR) model plays an important role in modeling and predicting time series. One‐step ahead prediction is straightforward using the NLAR model, but the multi‐step ahead prediction is cumbersome. For instance, iterating the one‐step ahead predictor is a convenient strategy for linear autoregressive (LAR) models, but it is suboptimal under NLAR. In this article, we first propose a simulation and/or bootstrap algorithm to construct optimal point predictors under an or loss criterion. In addition, we construct bootstrap prediction intervals in the multi‐step ahead prediction problem; in particular, we develop an asymptotically valid quantile prediction interval as well as a pertinent prediction interval for future values. To correct the undercoverage of prediction intervals with finite samples, we further employ predictive – as opposed to fitted – residuals in the bootstrap process. Simulation and empirical studies are also given to substantiate the finite sample performance of our methods.
Does Early Unit Size Impact the Formation of Linguistic Predictions? Grammatical Gender as a Case Study
Authors: Abu‐Zhaya Rana , Arnon Inbal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMaking adults learn from larger linguistic units can facilitate learning article–noun agreement. Here we ask whether initial exposure to larger units improves learning by increasing the predictive associations between the article and noun. Using an artificial language learning paradigm, we taught 106 Hebrew‐speaking participants novel article–noun associations with either segmented input first or unsegmented input first, and tested their learning of the article–noun association and their ability to use articles to predict nouns. Our results showed that participants exposed to unsegmented input first were more likely to treat the article–noun unit as one word and were more accurate at learning the correct article–noun associations. However, participants in the unsegmented‐first condition did not show increased gaze to the target compared to those in the segmented‐first condition. We discuss how these findings inform our understanding of the challenges that adults face when learning a second language.
Estimating the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus infection among adults in the United States: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wong Robert J. , Brosgart Carol , Wong Steven S. , Feld Jordan , Glenn Jeffrey , Hamid Saeed , Cohen Chari , Zovich Beatrice , Ward John , Wedemeyer Heiner , Yurdaydin Cihan , Gish Robert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsSuboptimal awareness and low rates of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) testing contribute to underdiagnosis and gaps in accurate estimates of U.S. HDV prevalence. We aim to provide an updated assessment of HDV prevalence in the U.S. using a comprehensive literature review and meta‐analysis approach.MethodsA comprehensive literature review of articles reporting HBsAg seroprevalence and anti‐HDV prevalence was conducted to calculate country‐specific rates and pooled prevalence of CHB and HDV using meta‐analyses. Country‐specific CHB and HDV rate estimates were combined with number of foreign‐born (FB) persons in the U.S. in 2022 from U.S. Census Bureau to estimate total numbers of FB with CHB and HDV, respectively. These estimates were further combined with updated estimates of U.S.‐born persons with CHB and HDV to yield the total number of persons with CHB and HDV.ResultsIn 2022, we estimated 1.971 million (M) (95% CI 1.547–2.508) persons with CHB; 1.547 M (95% CI 1.264–1.831) were FB and 0.424 M (95% CI: 0.282–0.678) were U.S.‐born. The weighted average HDV prevalence among FB persons in the U.S. was 4.20% (64 938 [95% CI 33055–97 392] persons), among whom 45% emigrated from Asia, 25% from Africa, and 14% from Europe. When combined with updated estimates of U.S.‐born persons with HDV, we estimate 75 005 (95% CI: 42187–108 393) persons with HDV in the U.S.ConclusionsIncluding both FB and U.S.‐born persons, we estimated that 1.971 M and 75 005 persons were living with CHB and HDV, respectively, in the U.S. in 2022.
River restoration as a sociocultural process: A case study from the Waimatā Catchment, Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Cairns Danielle , Boswijk Gretel , Brierley Gary 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSurveys of sociocultural relations to rivers provide critical baseline information to appraise the effectiveness of restoration programmes. Findings from a mixed‐methods case study (document analysis, catchment‐wide questionnaire, semi‐structured interviews) show how local relations to the Waimatā River vary in upper, middle and lower catchment areas, in part influenced by historical (family) connections. Personal interactions with the river, and implications for mental and physical well‐being, decline with the perceived condition of the river. While respondents indicate the negative influence of governance arrangements upon river condition, they also highlight positive prospects that blue spaces can shape the co‐design and implementation of restoration activities.
Plexiform neurofibroma masquerading as a giant congenital melanocytic nevus
Authors: Olsen Gerilyn M. , Siegel Dawn H. , Sokumbi Olayemi , Chiu Yvonne E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA 4‐month‐old male presented for a large, hypertrichotic brown patch on the upper back with several scattered 0.5–1.5 cm, round to oval, brown macules and patches on the trunk and extremities. The lesion was initially diagnosed as a giant congenital melanocytic nevus based on clinical exam and histopathology with immunohistochemical stains. The patient was later diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1, and the lesion on the back developed a “bag of worms” texture consistent with a plexiform neurofibroma and found to harbor a pathogenic variant in the NF1 gene. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of differentiating these lesions and their overlapping clinical and histopathological features.
Trade wars and trade disputes: The role of equity and political support
Authors: Bekkers Eddy , Francois Joseph F. , Nelson Douglas R. , Rojas‐Romagosa Hugo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent theoretical and quantitative analysis of trade wars is grounded in a relatively narrow treatment of optimal tariff theory and noncooperative Nash equilibria. The lynchpin of this approach is the assumption that trade policy makers are rational and have a simple well‐established objective function to optimize. We argue that the preferred specification of this objective function ignores inequality at its peril. We work with a quantitative trade model, introducing a comprehensive tariff‐space grid search new to the literature. This allows us to explicitly check for the presence of multiple Nash outcomes. We show that including income inequality—a primary focus of the earlier literature—as a determinant of social welfare can substantially change noncooperative Nash outcomes. We also show that the optimal tariff of the US falls by half when the social welfare function includes inequality as an objective. Hence, the economic outcomes of actual trade wars may be very different from what recent estimates grounded in optimal tariff theory would suggest.
Solitary groups: A latent profile analysis of motivations for social withdrawal and experiences of solitude in late childhood and early adolescence
Authors: Brunetti Matilde , Sette Stefania , Cheng Tiffany , Laghi Fiorenzo , Longobardi Emiddia , Pastorelli Concetta , Zuffianò Antonio , Coplan Robert J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe present study aims to differentiate groups of children and early adolescents characterized by their motivations for social withdrawal and personal experiences with solitude. Participants were N = 561 (307 girls) children and early adolescents, aged 8–14 years (M = 11.32, SD = 1.63), who completed self‐report assessments of motivations for social withdrawal (i.e., shyness, unsociability), social/asocial dissatisfaction (i.e., loneliness, aloneliness), time alone, affect during solitude, personality traits (i.e., Big Five), and indices of internalizing difficulties (i.e., social anxiety, depression). Results from a Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) provided evidence of three distinct groups characterized by different motivations for social withdrawal and experiences with solitude: (1) the shy group, characterized by higher levels of loneliness, social anxiety, depression, and emotional instability; (2) the unsociable group, who reported higher levels of aloneliness and average scores of extraversion and internalizing difficulties; and (3) the sociable group, characterized by lower levels of both loneliness and aloneliness, and higher levels of extraversion. Overall, findings confirmed the heterogeneity in how children and early adolescents experience solitude, their motivations, and individual dispositions.
Receipt of RhD‐positive whole blood for life‐threatening bleeding in female children: A survey in alloimmunized mothers regarding minimum acceptable survival benefit relative to risk of maternal alloimmunization to anti‐D
Authors: Sherwood Molly R. , Clayton Skye , Leeper Christine M. , Yazer Mark , Moise Kenneth J. , Granger Marion E. , Spinella Philip C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLow‐titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) for treatment of hemorrhagic shock sometimes necessitates transfusion of RhD‐positive units due to short supply of RhD‐negative LTOWB. Practitioners must choose between using RhD‐positive LTOWB when RhD‐negative is unavailable against the risk to a female of childbearing potential of becoming RhD‐alloimmunized, risking hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) in future children, or using component therapy with RhD‐negative red cells. This survey asked females with a history of red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization about their risk tolerance of RhD alloimmunization compared to the potential for improved survival following transfusion of RhD‐positive blood for an injured RhD negative female child.Study Design and MethodsA survey was administered to RBC alloimmunized mothers. Respondents were eligible if they were living in the United States with at least one red cell antibody known to cause HDFN and if they had at least one RBC alloimmunized pregnancy.ResultsResponses from 107 RBC alloimmmunized females were analyzed. There were 32/107 (30%) with a history of severe HDFN; 12/107 (11%) had a history of fetal or neonatal loss due to HDFN. The median (interquartile range) absolute improvement in survival at which the respondents would accept RhD‐positive transfusions for a female child was 4% (1%–14%). This was not different between females with and without a history of severe or fatal HDFN (p = .08 and 0.38, respectively).ConclusionAlloimmunized mothers would accept the risk of D‐alloimmunization in a RhD‐negative female child for improved survival in cases of life‐threatening bleeding.
A Physics-Based Model-Data-Driven Method for Spindle Health Diagnosis—Part III: Model Training and Fault Detection
Authors: Tai Chung-Yu , Altintas Yusuf 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The primary goal of the paper is to monitor the health of the spindle in machine tools to ensure optimal performance and reduce costly downtimes. Spindle health monitoring is essential to detect wear and cracks in spindle bearings, which can be challenging due to their gradual development and hidden locations. The proposed approach combines physics-based modeling and data-driven techniques to monitor spindle health effectively. In Part I and Part II of the paper, mathematical models of bearing faults and spindle imbalance are integrated into the digital model of the spindle. This allows for simulating the operation of the spindle both with and without faults. The integration of fault models enables the generation of vibrations at sensor locations along the spindle shaft. The generated vibration data from the physics-based model are used to train a recurrent neural network-based (RNN) fault detection algorithm. The RNN learns from the labeled vibration spectra to identify different fault conditions. Bayesian optimization is used to automatically tune the hyperparameters governing the accuracy and efficiency of the learning models during the training process. The RNN classifiers are further fine-tuned using a small set of experimentally collected data for the generalization of the model on real-world data. Once the RNN classifier is trained, it can distinguish between different types of damage and identify their specific locations on the spindle assembly. The proposed algorithms achieved an accuracy of 98.43% on experimental data sets that were not used in training the network.
A Discrete Element Model of High-Pressure Torsion Test to Assess the Effect of Particle Characteristics in the Interface
Authors: Zhang Chao , Nadimi Sadegh , Maramizonouz Sadaf , Milledge David , Lewis Roger 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Sand particles have been used since the early stages of the railway industry to increase adhesion at the wheel–rail contact. However, there is a limited understanding of how sand particle characteristics affect the tribological performance of the wheel–rail contact. In this work, the high-pressure torsion test used as a small-scale simulation of the interface is numerically modeled using the discrete element method (DEM). The DEM model is then utilized to investigate the effect of different particle characteristics on the frictional performance of wheel–rail contact which can provide more insight into micromechanical observations. The effects of various particle characteristics including their size, their number, the number of fragments the particles break into, and the parameters defining the behavior of the bonds between particle fragments on the coefficient of traction (COT) are systematically investigated. Results show that, in dry contacts, the coefficient of traction decreases when the size or number of sand particles increases. This can be attributed to the formation of weak shear bands between the fragments. Further investigation is needed for wet- and leaf-contaminated contacts. It is also found that the COT is more sensitive to the stiffness of the bond between the fragments of a broken particle compared to the strength of the bond. A limiting value for bond strength was identified, beyond which the sand particles exhibited ductile behavior rather than the expected brittle fracture. The findings from this study can be useful for future research on adhesion management in wheel–rail contact and the modeling approach can be scaled up to the full contact.
On the Secondary Flow System of an Aggressive Inter Compressor Duct
Authors: Fritz S. , Dygutsch T. , Kasper A. , Hergt A. , Grund S. , Flamm J. , Lejon M. , Sahota H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In contrast to the highly optimized rotating components, the inter compressor duct (ICD) is offering a high potential for further improvements. Due to a more aggressive design, the length of the whole engine can be reduced. Shorter and thus lighter engines are leading to further fuel savings for the next engine generation. The design of current ICDs is very conservative because of high uncertainties in design space. An extensive test campaign on two highly aggressive ICDs has been conducted at an annular cascade at German Aerospace Center (DLR) Cologne to explore these limitations. The test section consists of low-pressure compressor (LPC)-OGVs, struts, and high-pressure compressor (HPC)-inlet guide vanes (IGVs). To simulate the influence of the last rotor of the LPC and to vary the incidence of the OGV, a moveable swirler is placed in front of the OGV. This simplification results in differences compared to a real rotor outlet flow. Due to geometric constraints, the ability to move the swirler can only be achieved by adding partial gaps in the rear part of the swirler at hub and shroud. These gaps have a huge impact on the secondary flow structure of the swirler outflow and therefore on the inflow of the ICD. In this article, the secondary flow system of an aggressive ICD is analyzed in detail by the means of experimentally validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Special attention is given to the influence of the nonrotating swirler on the secondary flow system. Furthermore, a recommendation for future experimental setups with respect to the described effects is concluded.
Alkyl quinolones mediate heterogeneous colony biofilm architecture that improves community-level survival
Authors: Weaver Abigail A. , Jia Jin , Cutri Allison R. , Madukoma Chinedu S. , Vaerewyck Catherine M. , Bohn Paul W. , Shrout Joshua D. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacterial communities exhibit complex self-organization that contributes to their survival. To better understand the molecules that contribute to transforming a small number of cells into a heterogeneous surface biofilm community, we studied acellular aggregates, structures seen by light microscopy in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
colony biofilms using light microscopy and chemical imaging. These structures differ from cellular aggregates, cohesive clusters of cells important for biofilm formation, in that they are visually distinct from cells using light microscopy and are reliant on metabolites for assembly. To investigate how these structures benefit a biofilm community we characterized three recurrent types of acellular aggregates with distinct geometries that were each abundant in specific areas of these biofilms. Alkyl quinolones (AQs) were essential for the formation of all aggregate types with AQ signatures outside the aggregates below the limit of detection. These acellular aggregates spatially sequester AQs and differentiate the biofilm space. However, the three types of aggregates showed differing properties in their size, associated cell death, and lipid content. The largest aggregate type co-localized with spatially confined cell death that was not mediated by Pf4 bacteriophage. Biofilms lacking AQs were absent of localized cell death but exhibited increased, homogeneously distributed cell death. Thus, these AQ-rich aggregates regulate metabolite accessibility, differentiate regions of the biofilm, and promote survival in biofilms.

IMPORTANCE

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is an opportunistic pathogen with the ability to cause infection in the immune-compromised. It is well established that
P. aeruginosa
biofilms exhibit resilience that includes decreased susceptibility to antimicrobial treatment. This work examines the self-assembled heterogeneity in biofilm communities studying acellular aggregates, regions of condensed matter requiring alkyl quinolones (AQs). AQs are important to both virulence and biofilm formation. Aggregate structures described here spatially regulate the accessibility of these AQs, differentiate regions of the biofilm community, and despite their association with autolysis, correlate with improved
P. aeruginosa
colony biofilm survival.
An evolution of Nanopore next-generation sequencing technology: implications for medical microbiology and public health
Authors: Mostafa Heba H. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Next-generation sequencing has evolved as a powerful tool, with applications that extend from diagnosis to public health surveillance and outbreak investigations. Short-read sequencing, using primarily Illumina chemistry, has been the prevailing approach. Single-molecule sensing and long-read sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) has witnessed a breakthrough in the evolution of the technology, performance, and applications in the past few years. In this issue of the
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
, Bogaerts et al. (
https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01576-23
) describe the utility of the latest ONT sequencing technology, the R10.4.1, in bacterial outbreak investigations. The authors demonstrate that ONT R10.4.1 technology can be comparable to Illumina sequencing for single-nucleotide polymorphism-based phylogeny. The authors emphasize that the reproducibility between ONT and Illumina technologies could facilitate collaborations among laboratories utilizing different sequencing platforms for outbreak investigations.
Differential impacts of DNA repair machinery on fluoroquinolone persisters with different chromosome abundances
Authors: Tang Juechun , Herzfeld Allison M. , Leon Gabrielle , Brynildsen Mark P. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

DNA repair machinery has been found to be indispensable for fluoroquinolone (FQ) persistence of
Escherichia coli
. Previously, we found that cells harboring two copies of the chromosome (2Chr) in stationary-phase cultures were more likely to yield FQ persisters than those with one copy of the chromosome (1Chr). Furthermore, we found that RecA and RecB were required to observe that difference, and that loss of either more significantly impacted 2Chr persisters than 1Chr persisters. To better understand the survival mechanisms of persisters with different chromosome abundances, we examined their dependencies on different DNA repair proteins. Here, we show that
lexA3
and ∆
recN
negatively impact the abundances of 2Chr persisters to FQs, without significant impacts on 1Chr persisters. In comparison, ∆
xseA
, ∆
xseB
, and ∆
uvrD
preferentially depress 1Chr persistence to levels that were near the limit of detection. Collectively, these data show that the DNA repair mechanisms used by persisters vary based on chromosome number, and suggest that efforts to eradicate FQ persisters will likely have to take heterogeneity in single-cell chromosome abundance into consideration.

IMPORTANCE
Persisters are rare phenotypic variants in isogenic populations that survive antibiotic treatments that kill the other cells present. Evidence has accumulated that supports a role for persisters in chronic and recurrent infections. Here, we explore how an under-appreciated phenotypic variable, chromosome copy number (#Chr), influences the DNA repair systems persisters use to survive fluoroquinolone treatments. We found that #Chr significantly biases the DNA repair systems used by persisters, which suggests that #Chr heterogeneity should be considered when devising strategies to eradicate these troublesome bacterial variants.
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative wastewater isolates from Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Straub Christina , Weaver Louise , Cornelius Angela J. , McGill Erin , Dyet Kristin , Pattis Isabelle 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing bacteria were isolated from raw sewage, effluent, oxidation pond water, and sediment from a wastewater treatment plant in Aotearoa New Zealand. Here, we report the assemblies of 17 isolates belonging to the species
Aeromonas veronii
,
Aeromonas hydrophila
,
Enterobacter cloacae
,
Enterobacter soli
,
Lelliottia amnigena
,
Aeromonas caviae
,
Escherichia coli
,
Pseudomonas moraviensis
,
Pseudomonas putida
, and
Kluyvera ascorbata
.