bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THYROID FUNCTION, PLASMA INSULIN, GLUCOSE AND KETONES AND IN VITRO HEPATIC GLUCONEOGENESIS IN RATS UNDER CHRONIC LOW IODINE INTAKE
Authors: Castro Mario , Lamas Luis , Herrera Emilio 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Weaning female rats were fed for 13–14 months with a low iodine diet (LID) and compared with age matched controls on KIO3 supplemented LID (C). At sacrifice the LID rats had large goitres, low plasma PBI and thyroidal 127I content, a rapid thyroidal-131I (*I) turnover and increased *MIT/*DIT and *T3/*T4 ratios. Body weights were slightly higher in LID and pituitary growth hormone like protein bands were the same in both groups. There were no differences between LID and C, whether fed or fasted for 48 h with regard to plasma insulin, glucose and ketone bodies. In vitro disposition of trace or 10−2 m alanine-U-14C by liver slices were the same as measured by 14C incorporation into CO2, glucose and lactic acid. The response of these parameters to fasting was normal: plasma insulin and glucose decreased and ketone bodies and in vitro gluconeogenesis increased. The lack of alteration in the intermediary metabolism of rats, sufficiently iodine deficient to develop goitre, has been interpreted as indicating either that: 1) thyroid hormones have no direct effect on the parameters of intermediary metabolism studied, or 2) there is enough hormone available to the tissues to keep a normal metabolism but not to suppress TSH secretion, thus suggesting different sensitivities to the hormone.
DAS VERHALTEN DES THYROXINS SOWIE DES THYROXIN-BINDENDEN GLOBULINS IN SERUM UND URIN VON PATIENTEN MIT RENALEN THYROXIN-VERLUSTEN INFOLGE NEPHROTISCHEN SYNDROMS UNTERSCHIEDLICHER GENESE
Authors: Herrmann J. , Bahlmann J. , Krüskemper H. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The low levels of serum total-thyroxine frequently seen in the nephrotic syndrome are due to renal hormone-losses. The hormone is predominantly eliminated in protein-bound form. There is no distinct correlation between the amount of protein and thyroxine found in the urine. The amount of T4-losses depends on individual factors, i. e. the kind and duration of the specific renal damage and especially the level of T4 in the serum. The hormonal depots in the serum are diminished by continuous renal T4-losses, but a euthyroid state is guaranteed by a normal concentration of free thyroxine in the patient's serum. This »buffer-system« has a great capacity, so that even severe hormonal losses may lead to decompensated hypothyroidism only in very few cases.
EFFECT OF MELATONIN UPON THYROID HORMONE SECRETION RATE IN FEMALE HAMSTERS AND MALE RATS
Authors: Singh D. V. , Turner C. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroid hormone secretion rate (TSR) of female golden hamsters and male Sprague-Dawley-Rolfsmeyer rats at 25 days of age were estimated as 0.75 μg L-T4/100 g body weight and 1.41 μg L-T4/100 g body weight respectively. The mean TSR of control group of both hamster and male rat reduced at 55 days (0.60 and 1.20 μg L-T4/100 g body weight, respectively) gives further evidence of aging. In hamsters, melatonin treatment at higher levels had no greater depressing effect upon TSR than the lower level, but had greater effect on food consumption. However, in male rats, melatonin depressed TSR at the higher level only. It seems that hamster is more sensitive to melatonin than rats. Thus the lower level exerts a maximum effect whereas in the rat, higher levels are required for maximum effect.
EFFECT OF ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS ON INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION IN MAN
Authors: Cerasi E. , Luft R. , Efendić S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Glucose induces the discharge of insulin from the β-cell probably by acting on a specific cell membrane receptor. This then transmits the insulinogenic signal of glucose to the release mechanisms of the cell, probably via the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system. Thus, in the β-cell, glucose acts not only as a substrate – as in every other type of cell – but also exerts a »hormone-like« action. In the present study, the relation of this hypothetic glucose receptor to the adrenergic receptor of the β-cell has been investigated. In 16 healthy subjects, blockade of the β-adrenergic receptors by iv infusion of propranolol resulted in significant inhibition of the initial as well as of late insulin responses to glucose infusion. This inhibition was partially reversed when aminophylline was administered together with propranolol. Blockade of the α-adrenergic receptors with phentolamine had no significant effect on the glucose induced insulin release.
These findings suggest that the glucose receptor of the β-cell is closely related to the β-adrenergic receptor, propranolol being capable of interfering with the transmission of the insulinogenic signal of glucose. It cannot be excluded, however, that propranolol acts in an unspecific way, e. g., by stabilizing the cell membrane or by blocking adenyl cyclase, actions which by themselves may lead to the inhibition of insulin secretion.
PROTECTION BY GLUCOCORTICOIDS AGAINST ALLOPURINOL NEPHROPATHY
Authors: Selye Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In the rat, the characteristic nephropathy produced by allopurinol is prevented by glucocorticoids (e. g., prednisolone and triamcinolone) but unaffected by some of the most potent catatoxic steroids (e. g., pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile or »PCN«, CS-1, ethylestrenol, spironolactone, norbolethone, oxandrolone) as well as by several additional steroids, thyroxine and diphenylhydantoin. These and many other observations show that, contrary to earlier claims, glucocorticoids can protect against numerous systemic toxicants in addition to phlogistic irritants and endotoxins.
PRODUCTION AND SECRETION OF 5α-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE BY THE CANINE PROSTATE
Authors: Haltmeyer Gary C. , Eik-Nes Kristen B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An animal preparation has been developed which permits investigation of steroid secretion by the prostate of the dog. In this preparation the prostate is removed from the dog, placed in a metabolic chamber and infused with the animal's arterial blood via the prostatic arteries at a constant rate. This animal preparation secretes 5α-dihydrotestosterone into the prostatic venous blood. While testosterone is the most probable precursor for secreted 5α-dihydrotestosterone, data from experiments indicate that other steroids may serve as precursors for 5α-dihydrotestosterone in this animal preparation in vivo. The presence of »storage pools« and »secretory pools« for steroids in the infused canine prostate has been discussed.
THE DIURNAL PATTERN OF 17β-OESTRADIOL IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Munson Alan K. , Yannone Michael E. , Mueller J. Robert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma unconjugated 17β-oestradiol was measured at 8 a.m., 4 p.m. and 10 p. m. in eleven normal females during the third trimester of pregnancy. The late evening values were significantly lower than those observed at 8 a. m. Marked differences in plasma levels were noted for some individuals at the three periods of sampling. A slight diurnal variation in plasma 17β-oestradiol appears compatible with the present concept of oestrogen biosynthesis in late pregnancy.
SULPHATION FACTOR ACTIVITY AND GROWTH RATE DURING LONG-TERM TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH PITUITARY DWARFISM WITH HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE
Authors: Hall Kerstin , Olin Patrick 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twenty patients with pituitary dwarfism were treated for nine months to 2½ years with human growth hormone (HGH) prepared according to Roos et al. (1963). Eleven of them had previously been given other HGH preparations for one to five years. During the first two years of treatment with HGH in a dose of 0.2 mg (0.4 IU) and 0.3 mg (0.6 IU) per kg body weight per week, the increase in growth rate was two- to threefold, and three- to fivefold, respectively. Long-termed treatment with HGH was accompanied by a decreasing ability of the hormone to stimulate growth. Cortisone acetate, in replacement doses, had no influence on this growth rate. During the present study only one of the 20 patients developed antibodies to HGH.
The levels of sulphation factor (SF) activity in serum were low before treatment and increased significantly during treatment with HGH. There was a linear relationship between the SF activity in the serum and the slope of the growth carves. Both increased with the dose of HGH administered but decreased with duration of treatment.
OVARIAN SENSITIVITY TO HUMAN GONADOTROPHINS IN WOMEN WITH AMENORRHOEA AFTER ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE TREATMENT
Authors: Nillius Sven Johan , Gemzell Carl 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twelve young women with a history of 9–11 months of amenorrhoea after combined oral contraceptive therapy, were treated with human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) in order to assess the functional capacity of their ovaries. An initial endocrinological investigation did not reveal any organic cause for the amenorrhoea. The serum levels of the gonadotrophins were within the normal ranges. The endogenous oestrogen production was low. An individually adjusted treatment schedule was used for the administration of the HMG. The treatment was monitored by daily determinations of the total urinary oestrogen excretion. Ovulation was induced by a single injection of 9000 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin when the total urinary oestrogen excretion averaged 60 μg per 24 h.
All the 12 women showed a follicular response, i. e. an increase in the total urinary oestrogen excretion to a level of at least 50 μg per 24 h. Ten women ovulated and three of six women who wanted to become pregnant conceived after the first treatment. None of the women reverted to spontaneous menstrual bleedings after the treatment. A total HMG dose of between 750 and 4425 IU (2nd IRP-HMG) was required to produce the follicular response. This six-fold variation in dose requirement is in agreement with that found in women with amenorrhoea not related to the use of oral contraceptives. A decreased ovarian sensitivity to human gonadotrophins does not explain the amenorrhoea following oral contraceptive therapy.
INFLUENCE OF LOW DOSE OF STEROID THERAPY ON CALCIUM ABSORPTION
Authors: Lekkerkerker J. F. F. , van Woudenberg F. , Doorenbos H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of longterm treatment with 15 mg of prednisolone on calcium absorption was investigated by means of an oral absorption test. Plasma-radioactivity was measured one, two and three hours after the oral dose. Sixteen patients were studied before and while on medication during three weeks, eleven of them being re-investigated after five months of treatment. This dose of steroids produced no effect on calcium absorption; two and three hours after the oral dose the plasma-radioactivity is even higher (P < 0.05) while on prednisolone. In six patients the one hour calcium pool size and turnover rate were also measured after iv 45Ca. The pool size and turnover rate were not changed during the treatment.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CALCIUM TRANSPORT AND THE LIPOLYTIC EFFECT OF SHEEP β-LIPOTROPIC HORMONE β-LPH) IN ADIPOSE TISSUE
Authors: Lis M. , Gilardeau C. , Chrétien M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Intravenous injection of β-lipotropic hormone β-LPH) into rabbits caused a marked increase of Ca++ concentration in perirenal or epididymal fat tissue. β-LPH also increased the amount of Ca++ taken up during incubation of isolated fat cells.
Incubation of fragments of rabbit fat tissue in presence of 45Ca and 3H mannitol indicated that Ca++ accumulated intra-cellularly after administration of β-LPH.
In incubation media containing no Ca++, or containing Ca++ and the Ca++ sequestering agent EGTA (ethylenebis [oxyethylene nitrilo]-tetraacetic acid), β-LPH did not induce lipolysis. Addition of excess Ca++ to the EGTA containing medium restored lipolysis, whereas addition of EGTA to incubation mixtures containing Ca++ in which lipolysis in the presence of β-LPH was already proceeding stopped the lipolytic reaction. These results indicated that Ca++ is essential for lipolytic activity of β-LPH as it is for the lipolytic activity of ACTH and other structurally related peptides. Marked shift of Ca++ towards the adipose cell was correlated with β-LPH induced lipolysis.
THE EFFECT OF AN OESTROGENIC STEROID ON THE PRIMARY ANTIBODY RESPONSE UNDER DIFFERENT HORMONAL ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Rao Shanta S. , Thanawala Yasmin , Thakur A. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of mestranol at 2 dose levels was studied on the antibody response of intact mice as well as on ovariectomized mice, adrenalectomized mice, and adrenalectomized and ovariectomized mice. Tetanus toxoid was used as the immunogen of choice. The results revealed that mestranol produced a dose related enhancement in the circulating levels of antitetanus antibodies in intact animals and to a lesser extent in ovariectomized animals. Adrenalectomy enhanced antibody production only marginally, and the results were not statistically significant. In animals from which both the ovaries and adrenals had been removed, the antibody levels showed a definite increase. Thus mestranol which is less oestrogenic than substituted 17β-oestradiol is capable of enhancing the immunological response in mice.
HIGH PLASMA THYROTROPHIN LEVELS IN TWO PATIENTS WITH PITUITARY TUMOUR
Authors: Faglia G. , Ferrari C. , Neri V. , Beck-Peccoz P. , Ambrosi B. , Valentini F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Out of 62 patients with pituitary tumours two (B. M.: vascular tumour and D. G.: chromophobe adenoma) showed symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism and high plasma thyrotrophin (HTSH) values (mean values 24.0 and 8.4 μU/ml respectively). A parallelism was found between the Human Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Research Standard A (HTSH RSA) and the plasma dilution curves suggesting identity between immunoreactive material and authentic HTSH. The biological TSH activity was determined by McKenzie bioassay. Methimazole administration did not induce any significant modification in case B. M. while in case D. G. it caused a further increase in plasma HTSH. The triiodothyronine suppression test carried out in patient B. M. failed to produce a full inhibition, suggesting an autonomous function of the TSH secreting system. Lysine-vasopressin was ineffective in promoting HTSH increases in both cases, while insulin induced hypoglycaemia provoked in case B. M. a prompt fall in plasma HTSH levels, followed by an increase over the base line. The data obtained in case B. M. are compatible with a TSH-induced hyperthyroidism, while those found in patient D. G., though suggestive, are not completely consistent with this interpretation.
EXCRETION OF CONJUGATES OF NEUTRAL STEROIDS IN HUMAN BILE DURING LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Laatikainen T. , Karjalainen O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
10 C19 and 21 C21 steroids were identified and most of them estimated in in the glucuronide and mono- and disulphate fractions of human pregnancy bile. Total amounts of 60–70 mg/100 ml were found in the gallbladder bile samples studied, indicating that the biliary route of excretion is of great importance in the metabolism of neutral steroids during pregnancy. Isomers of pregnanolone and pregnanediol predominated, and considerable amounts of 16α- and 21-hydroxylated C21O3 steroids were also found. These compounds are probably mainly maternal metabolites of progesterone, which is produced in large amounts by the foeto-placental unit. The concentrations of C19 steroids were small in comparison with those of C21 steroids. It seems that the proportion of steroid sulphate excretion in bile in relation to glucuronides is increased during pregnancy. Unconjugated steroids were not found in the bile samples studied.
STUDIES OF THE CHANGES IN ADRENAL CORTICOSTERONE IN MICE TREATED WITH DEXAMETHASONE, CHLORPROMAZINE, MORPHINE AND CODEINE: DEVELOPMENT OF AN ASSAY FOR CORTICOTROPHIN-RELEASING FACTOR
Authors: Cheifetz Philip N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentration of corticosterone in the adrenals of mice showed the expected increase after laparotomy under pentobarbitone anaesthesia and an even greater rise using ether. Following treatment with dexamethasone, there was no change in adrenal corticosterone in response to extract of stalk-median eminence (SME) prepared from rat brain, whereas a significant increase occurred with the administration of corticotrophin (ACTH). Injections of SME extracts in mice treated with chlorpromazine and codeine resulted in significant increases of adrenal corticosterone from baseline values. Log-dose responses of adrenal corticosterone were obtained with increasing concentrations of SME extracts in chlorpromazine and codeine treated mice but no response was seen after injections of extracts of cerebral cortex or of lysine vasopressin. The measurement of corticosterone in the adrenals of mice treated with chlorpromazine and codeine may be a sensitive, specific and convenient technique for the assay of changes of CRF activity in tissue extracts.
VARIATION OF CORTISOL METABOLISM AS A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR TO DISCREPANCIES IN THE MEASUREMENT OF CORTISOL PRODUCTION RATE
Authors: Levell M. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Five normal subjects were given [14C] cortisol in the morning and [3H] cortisol in the evening, in both cases by mouth.
The excretion of radioactivity in tetrahydrocortisol (THF) and tetrahydrocortisone (THE) was measured by a modified form of reverse isotope dilution.
In 2 subjects, the ratio of isotopic THF/isotopic THE was higher after the evening dose than after the morning dose. In 1 subject the ratio decreased. In 2 subjects it did not change.
Cortisol production rates calculated from THF were usually higher than those calculated from THE. The observed variations of metabolism were only a contributory factor to these discrepancies.
CONTROL OF HAMSTER FERTILITY WITH PROSTAGLANDIN F2α IMPLANTS
Authors: Davis B. K. , Chang M. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Prostaglandin, PGF2α, freely permeates polyacrylamide (PAA) during in vitro incubation in saline. In contrast, Silastic tubing was found to be comparatively impervious and subsequently was discounted as a possible implant medium for PGF2α in these experiments.
Subcutaneous and vaginal PAA implantation of 20, 75 and 100 μg PGF2α, 2 days after mating, significantly reduced (mainly at the higher levels) the number of female hamsters found to be pregnant upon autopsy, 12 days p. c. Subcutaneous injection and vaginal douche were less effective means of administration. Local application of the drug to the vagina was associated with lower pregnancy rates than was parenteral administration. When PAA implants with 0.5 and 5 mg PGF2α were given (sc injection) on the second day after mating and 5 mg PGF2α was implanted an equal interval prior to mating, it became evident that the former approach was at least ten times more effective in lowering the pregnancy rate in hamsters. This dependence on the time of PGF2α implantation is attributed to rapid release of the drug from these implants and to the existence of a sensitive phase in the initial stages of pregnancy.
CHANGES IN PITUITARY FSH AND LH AND PLASMA LH IN IMMATURE RATS TREATED WITH PREGNANT MARE'S SERUM
Authors: Ying Shao-Yao , Meyer Roland K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentrations of LH and FSH in the pituitary gland and LH in the plasma from immature rats treated with saline, 3 IU, or 12 IU PMS were measured for 4 days. There was no detectable LH in 1.5 ml of plasma at any time in saline-treated rats. In 3 IU PMS rats, an elevation was observed at 3.00 p. m. and 8.00 p. m. on day 24. The plasma LH level of 12 IU PHS rats was much higher than that of 3 IU PMS rats, reaching a maximum at 10.00 a. m. on day 23, then gradually decreasing until the morning of day 25.
The pituitary FSH content in 3 IU PMS rats reached a maximum at 10.00 a. m. on day 24, then drastically decreased at 3.00 p. m. and 8.00 p. m. The pituitary FSH content of 12 IU PMS rats showed a gradual decrease without an acute release on the afternoon of day 24. These results indicate that FSH, like LH, is released on the afternoon of day 24 and may be involved in ovulation. The failure of 12 IU PMS rats to ovulate is probably due to (a) interference in the timing of ovulating hormone (OH) release, (b) lack of a surge of LH, or (c) improper ratio of LH to FSH.
IODINE METABOLISM AND PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN SALIVARY GLANDS
Authors: Kumlien Anders 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The coincidence between iodine-concentrating ability and peroxidase activity in salivary glands has been studied. In 19 of 24 types of salivary glands examined the two activities either occurred together or were both absent. 3 of the glands gave inconclusive data.
The iodine metabolism was studied in the three main salivary glands of six different animal species. Paper chromatography of salivary gland homogenates revealed that 131I- injected intraperitoneally before salivary gland extirpation is only metabolized as iodide, whether or not the gland is capable of concentrating iodide or contains a peroxidase.
The findings are discussed with special reference to some possible functions for peroxidase in salivary gland metabolism.
The activities were not correlated either to the serous or to the mucous type of gland.
EFFECT OF LITHIUM ON THYROID FUNCTION IN MAN
Authors: Lazarus J. H. , Bennie E. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroid function was assessed in a prospective survey of 13 manicdepressive patients before and after 3 months on lithium carbonate and in a further 12 patients who had received lithium for 20 months. There was a significant increase in thyroid size as measured by quantitative scintiscanning in 8 patients in the first group. One male in the second group had a goitre. There was a rise in plasma TSH in the first group and a significant fall in saliva to plasma iodide.
It is suggested that pathogenesis of lithium induced goitre is related to a disturbance in the iodide concentrating mechanism. Thyroid status should be evaluated in patients who are suitable for lithium therapy.
STEROID HORMONES AND THE FERN-LIKE CRYSTAL PATTERN IN AIR DRIED SAMPLES OF RABBIT SEMINAL PLASMA
Authors: Eihlström Jan Erik 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The fern-like crystals occurring in the process of drying rabbit seminal plasma have been studied in ejaculates collected before and after intramuscular injections of steroid hormones.
Injections of testosterone increase and of oestradiol monobenzoate tend to increase while injections of progesterone tend to decrease the proportions of crystals of type R.
AN ATYPICAL CASE OF GONADAL DYSGENESIS
Authors: Ouais Samir G. , Trujillo Jose , Samaan Naguib A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of gonadal dysgenesis associated with unusual abnormalities is described as follows: a) enlarged pituitary fossa with clinical and laboratory manifestations of hypopituitarism; b) Hashimoto's thyroiditis and XO/X-isoX mosaicism; c) adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland. These uncommon features were present in association with renal and cardiovascular anomalies.
THE EFFECT OF THE PROGESTOGEN ETHYNODIOL DIACETATE ON GLUCOSE, INSULIN, AND GROWTH HORMONE AFTER SIX MONTHS TREATMENT
Authors: Spellacy W. N. , Buhi W. C. , Birk S. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Seventy-one women were treated with a daily dose of 0.25 mg of the progestogen ethynodiol diacetate. They were all tested with a three-hour oral glucose tolerance test before beginning the steroid and then again during the sixth month of use. Measurements were made of blood glucose and plasma insulin and growth hormone levels. There was a significant elevation of the blood glucose levels after steroid treatment as well as a deterioration in the tolerance curve in 12.9% of the women. The plasma insulin values were also elevated after drug treatment whereas the fasting ambulatory growth hormone levels did not significantly change. There was a significant association between the changes in glucose and insulin levels and the subject's age, control weight, or weight gain during treatment. The importance of considering the metabolic effects of the progestogen component of oral contraceptives is stressed.