bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological differences between wild‐type and transgenic superoxide dismutase 1 lumbar motoneurons in postnatal mice
Authors: Amendola Julien , Durand Jacques 
Published: September 2008

AbstractQuantitative analysis of the dendritic arborizations of wild‐type (WT) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) postnatal mouse motoneurons was performed following intracellular staining and 3D reconstructions with Neurolucida system. The population of lumbar motoneurons was targeted in the caudal part of the L5 segment, and all labeled motoneurons were located within the same ventrolateral pool. Despite the similar size of the soma and the mean diameter of primary dendrites, the dendritic arborizations of the WT and SOD1 motoneurons showed significant differences in terms of their morphometric parameters. The metric and topological parameters of dendrites show that the total dendritic length and surface area and total number of segments, branching nodes, and tips per motoneuron were significantly higher in SOD1 motoneurons. Our main finding concerns a proliferation of dendritic branches starting at about 100 μm from the soma in the SOD1 motoneurons. However, the longest and mean dendritic paths from soma to terminations were similar, giving a comparable envelope of the dendritic fields. Indeed, the SOD1 motoneurons were larger as a result of abnormal branching. The results suggest that a defect in pruning mechanisms occurs during this developmental period. The abnormal growth of the dendritic arborizations and the reduced excitability of postnatal SOD1 motoneurons could be a neuroprotective response and would represent an early compensatory mechanism against the activity‐induced toxicity. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:329–341, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reinforcement of cell junctions correlates with the absence of hair cell regeneration in mammals and its occurrence in birds
Authors: Burns Joseph , Christophel J. Jared , Collado Maria Sol , Magnus Christopher , Carfrae Matthew , Corwin Jeffrey T. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDebilitating hearing and balance deficits often arise through damage to the inner ear's hair cells. For humans and other mammals, such deficits are permanent, but nonmammalian vertebrates can quickly recover hearing and balance through their innate capacity to regenerate hair cells. The biological basis for this difference has remained unknown, but recent investigations in wounded balance epithelia have shown that proliferation follows cellular spreading at sites of injury. As mammalian ears mature during the first weeks after birth, the capacity for spreading and proliferation declines sharply. In seeking the basis for those declines, we investigated the circumferential bands of F‐actin that bracket the apical junctions between supporting cells in the gravity‐sensitive utricle. We found that those bands grow much thicker as mice and humans mature postnatally, whereas their counterparts in chickens remain thin from hatching through adulthood. When we cultured utricular epithelia from chickens, we found that cellular spreading and proliferation both continued at high levels, even in the epithelia from adults. In contrast, the substantial reinforcement of the circumferential F‐actin bands in mammals coincides with the steep declines in cell spreading and production established in earlier experiments. We propose that the presence of thin F‐actin bands at the junctions between avian supporting cells may contribute to the lifelong persistence of their capacity for shape change, cell proliferation, and hair cell replacement and that the postnatal reinforcement of the F‐actin bands in maturing humans and other mammals may have an important role in limiting hair cell regeneration. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:396–414, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective contribution of interleukin‐6 and leptin to brain inflammatory signals induced by systemic LPS injection in mice
Authors: Rummel Christoph , Inoue Wataru , Sachot Christelle , Poole Stephen , Hübschle Thomas , Luheshi Giamal N. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis study aimed to address the relative contributions of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and the cytokine‐like hormone leptin to the genomic activation of brain cells during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced systemic inflammation. Wildtype and IL‐6KO mice were injected with LPS (50 μg/kg, intraperitoneally) and the brains analyzed by immunohistochemistry and reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). LPS induced a pronounced nuclear translocation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) throughout the brains of wildtype mice, an effect that was significantly diminished, but not abolished, in the IL‐6KOs. The remnant STAT3‐activation, although still observed within some of the same areas activated by IL‐6, was most intense in ependymal and meningial cells and along distinct blood vessels throughout the brain. This expression was almost totally abolished in the presence of an anti‐leptin antiserum. Interestingly, the induction of cyclooxygenase 2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES), the rate‐limiting enzymes for synthesis of PGE2 by LPS, was diminished to a degree that correlated with the absence of IL‐6 but not entirely with leptin. These results demonstrate that the induction of the inflammatory pathway in the brain is mediated by both IL‐6 and leptin, which appear to work in tandem. Unlike IL‐6, however, the contribution of leptin to this response was limited to distinct cell types/brain areas and STAT3‐responsive target genes implicated in the brain‐controlled sickness‐type response. The physiological significance of leptin's action on meningeal and endothelial cells remains to be clarified but might reflect a role in LPS‐induced immune cell infiltration into the brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:373–395, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometric quantitation of natural killer cells and T lymphocytes expressing T‐cell receptors alpha/beta and gamma/delta is not helpful in distinguishing benign from malignant body cavity effusions
Authors: Cornfield Dennis B. , Gheith Shereen M. F. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundQuantitation of natural killer (NK) cells in benign and malignant effusions has yielded conflicting results in the past. Studies have claimed higher, lower, and essentially equal percentages of NK cells for benign and malignant effusions. In addition, virtually no literature exists on the numbers and distribution of T lymphocytes expressing T‐cell receptor alpha/beta (TCR α/β) and T‐cell receptor gamma/delta (TCR γ/δ) in body effusions.MethodsUsing multicolor flow cytometry and sequential gating techniques, NK cells and T lymphocytes expressing TCR α/β and TCR γ/δ were identified and quantitated in 30 benign and 30 malignant effusions.ResultsNo significant difference in percentage of NK cells was found between benign and malignant effusions. The absolute number per miroliter of CD16(+)CD56(+) NK cells was higher in malignant than in benign effusions, but only at a borderline level of statistical significance. T cells expressing TCR α/β far outnumbered those expressing TCR γ/δ in all effusions, a distribution similar to that in normal adult peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue. The percentages and absolute numbers of these T‐cell subsets were the same in benign and malignant effusions.ConclusionsEnumeration of NK cells and of T lymphocytes expressing TCR α/β or TCR γ/δ in human body effusions is not helpful in attempting to distinguish between benign and malignant effusions. Values for the two T‐lymphocyte subsets in human effusions are, to our knowledge, established for the first time by flow cytometric determination. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society
Aromatic amino acids in weight‐recovered females with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Ehrlich Stefan , Franke Leonora , Schneider Nora , Salbach‐Andrae Harriet , Schott Regina , Craciun Eugenia M. , Pfeiffer Ernst , Uebelhack Ralf , Lehmkuhl Ulrike 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective:Most previous studies investigating amino acid levels in anorexia nervosa (AN) have focused on acutely underweight patients. The present study assessed the availability of aromatic amino acids in the plasma of weight‐recovered outpatients with AN (recAN) in comparison to acutely underweight AN patients (acAN) and healthy control woman (HCW).Method:Plasma tryptophan (TRP), tyrosine (TYR), and phenylalanine (PHEN) as well as leptin concentration were determined in 32 recAN, 32 acAN, and 32 HCW.Results:Both recAN and acAN patients showed significantly lower levels of TRP and PHEN when compared to HCW. TYR was reduced in acAN patients only.Discussion:Normal weight and normal leptin levels but lower availability of TRP and PHEN in recAN patients might indicate that outside a tightly controlled setting these patients still engage in abnormal eating patterns. Reduced peripheral availability of these precursor amino acids could impact on 5‐HT and catecholamine functioning in the brain. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009.
The development of hunger and fullness during a laboratory meal in patients with binge eating disorder
Authors: Samuels Francine , Zimmerli Ellen J. , Devlin Michael J. , Kissileff Harry R. , Walsh B. Timothy 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to test the hypothesis that, compared to similarly obese participants without BED, individuals with BED have a disturbance in the development of fullness and reduction of hunger during the course of a standard meal of large size.Method:Thirteen patients with BED and 14 obese control participants consumed 975 g of a milkshake. Participants received no information about how much they had eaten or how much of the meal remained to be consumed. Participants were interrupted after every 75 g consumed to rate hunger and fullness.Results:Final fullness ratings were higher in patients with BED, but there were no differences in mean duration or mean rate of eating, or in changes in subjective ratings of hunger and fullness per gram of food.Discussion:The current study reports the surprising finding of no difference in reports of hunger and fullness between patients with BED and obese controls. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009.
Generation of a Hydroperoxidochromium Complex from Nitratochromium(III) Ions and Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Cheng Mingming , Song Wenjing , Bakac Andreja 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAccelerated substitution at chromium(III) in CraqONO22+ provides the basis for a novel route to the corresponding hydroperoxidochromium complex in aqueous solutions. Despite the great concentration advantage of water, the reaction of CraqONO22+ with 10–100 mM H2O2 generates >50 % yields of CraqOOH2+, which makes this reaction useful for preparative purposes, and may also represent a potential source of high‐valent chromium in biological environments. In a minor, parallel path, small concentrations of a superoxidochromium(III) complex, CraqOO2+, are also produced. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Comparison of CZE, open‐tubular CEC and non‐aqueous CE coupled to electrospray MS for impurity profiling of drugs
Authors: Vassort Aurélie , Shaw Paul Nicholas , Ferguson Paul D. , Szücs Roman , Barrett David A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOpen‐tubular CEC and non‐aqueous CE (NACE) methods were developed for the analysis of six pharmaceutical compounds and their respective process‐related impurities, comprising 22 analytes in total with a range of functional groups and lipophilicities. These methods were assessed for orthogonality of analyte separation with respect to existing CZE‐ESI‐MS and HPLC‐ESI‐MS methods, in order to complement a generic analytical strategy for impurity profiling of pharmaceutical compounds. Open‐tubular CEC, using etched and chemically modified capillaries, induced weak reversed‐phase‐type interactions between some of the analytes and the bonded phases (0.811<kapp<0.996). However, the separations were primarily influenced by electrophoretic mobility rather than chromatographic retention, and hence no significant change in selectivity compared with CZE was observed. NACE optimum separating conditions were 10 mM ammonium acetate–100 mM acetic acid in methanol far UV acetonitrile (1/1 v/v ratio). The ion‐pair reagents triethylamine or dimethylhexylamine did not induce further changes in selectivity, but tridecafluoroheptanoic acid significantly modified the electrophoretic mobility of bases. The results indicate that one of three generic CZE methods previously reported should be replaced by NACE, due to its improved separation capabilities. The NACE‐ESI‐MS method complements the two CZE‐ESI‐MS and the four HPLC‐ESI‐MS methods recommended in a previous publication; these together form the basis of a generic approach to impurity profiling of pharmaceutical compounds.
Development and validation of an MEKC method for determination of nitrogen‐containing drugs in pharmaceutical preparations
Authors: Buiarelli Francesca , Coccioli Franco , Jasionowska Renata , Terracciano Alessandro 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA fast and accurate micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method was developed for quality control of pharmaceutical preparations containing cold remedies as acetaminophen, salicylamide, caffeine, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine and chlorpheniramine. The method optimization was realized on a Beckman P/ACE System MDQ instrument. The baseline separation of seven analytes was performed in an uncoated fused silica capillary internal diameter (ID)=50 µm using tris‐borate (20 mM, pH=8.5) containing sodium dodecyl sulphate 30 mM BGE. On line‐UV detection at 214 nm was performed and the applied voltage was 10 kV. The operating temperature was 25°C. After experimental conditions optimization, the proposed method was validated. The evaluated parameters were: precision of migration time and of corrected peak area ratio, linearity range, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy (recovery), ruggedness and applicability. The method was then successfully applied for the analysis of three pharmaceutical preparations containing some of the analytes listed before.
Fluorescence‐based Western blotting for quantitation of protein biomarkers in clinical samples
Authors: Zellner Maria , Babeluk Rita , Diestinger Michael , Pirchegger Petra , Skeledzic Senada , Oehler Rudolf 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSince most high throughput techniques used in biomarker discovery are very time and cost intensive, highly specific and quantitative analytical alternative application methods are needed for the routine analysis. Conventional Western blotting allows detection of specific proteins to the level of single isotypes while its quantitative accuracy is rather limited. We report a novel and improved quantitative Western blotting method. The use of fluorescently labelled secondary antibodies strongly extends the dynamic range of the quantitation and improves the correlation with the protein amount (r=0.997). By an additional fluorescent staining of all proteins immediately after their transfer to the blot membrane, it is possible to visualise simultaneously the antibody binding and the total protein profile. This allows for an accurate correction for protein load. Applying this normalisation it could be demonstrated that fluorescence‐based Western blotting is able to reproduce a quantitative analysis of two specific proteins in blood platelet samples from 44 subjects with different diseases as initially conducted by 2D‐DIGE. These results show that the proposed fluorescence‐based Western blotting is an adequate application technique for biomarker quantitation and suggest possibilities of employment that go far beyond.
Impurity analysis of pharmaceuticals using capillary electromigration methods
Authors: Jouyban Abolghasem , Kenndler Ernst 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis review deals with the determination of impurities in pharmaceuticals by electromigration methods in the capillary format. These separation methods are either based on the different effective mobility of the charged analytes (as in zone electrophoresis and isotachophoresis) or include hybrid methods such as micellar electrokinetic chromatography, microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography and electrochromatography. The pharmaceutically active compounds under consideration belong to chemotherapeutic agents, central nervous system drugs, histamine receptor drugs, cardiovascular drugs, anticancer drugs, anti‐inflammatory drugs and some other drugs. The review discusses about 150 publications from the period between 1980 and 2007 with special emphasis on the recent trends and gives details about the experimental conditions applied for analyses and the obtained analytical performance parameters.
A method for rapidly predicting drug tissue distribution using surfactant vesicle electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Jiang Zhengjin , Reilly John , Everatt Brian 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLung tissue distribution of an inhaled drug is important for its potency in the airways and with minimum systemic effects within its dose range. As the lung has the smallest diffusion distance of all the organs in the body and negligible diffusion delays, the characteristics of drug distribution in the lung will mainly depend on drug binding to both tissue and plasma protein. This research aims to develop and evaluate surfactant vesicle electrokinetic chromatography (SEKC) methods for high throughput profile prediction of tissue distribution for inhaled drugs. Several electrokinetic chromatography methods reported in the literature, as well as immobilised artificial membrane chromatography, were compared and evaluated in respect to chromatographic characteristics and statistical correlations. Among these methods, the docusate sodium salt (AOT) SEKC system showed good reproducibility, short run time, and the highest selectivity for alkylphenone test compounds. It also showed a significant statistical correlation between the retention of inhaled drugs and their in vivo volume of distribution at steady‐state (Vss) in whole human body neglecting the plasma protein‐binding differences. Stronger correlations were observed between the AOT SEKC retention of a series of basic drugs and their rat lung tissue‐to‐plasma water partitioning coefficient (Kpu), which is affected only by drug binding to the tissue constituent. Further, on comparing correlations between AOT SEKC retention and Kpu at various rat tissues, it was observed that the strongest correlation was with lung tissue distribution, while the weakest was with brain tissue distribution.
Multipronged evaluation of genotoxicity in Indian petrol‐pump workers
Authors: Pandey Alok K. , Bajpayee Mahima , Parmar Devendra , Kumar Rakesh , Rastogi Subodh K. , Mathur Neeraj , Thorning Paul , de Matas Marcel , Shao Qun , Anderson Diana , Dhawan Alok 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPetrol (gasoline) contains a number of toxicants. This study used human biomonitoring to evaluate the genotoxic effects of exposure to benzene in petrol fumes in 100 Indian petrol‐pump workers (PPWs) and an equal number of controls. The study was corroborated with in silico assessments of the Comet assay results from the human biomonitoring study. An in vitro study in human lymphocytes was also conducted to understand the genotoxicity of benzene and its metabolites. In a subset of the population studied, higher blood benzene levels were detected in the PPWs (n = 39; P < 0.01) than the controls (n = 18), and 100–250 ppb benzene was also detected in air samples from the petrol pumps. PPWs had higher levels of DNA damage than the controls (P < 0.01). In addition, the micronucleus assay was performed on lymphocytes from a subset of the subjects, and the micronucleus frequency for PPWs was significantly higher (n = 39; 14.79 ± 3.92‰) than the controls (n = 18; 7.54 ± 3.00‰). Human lymphocytes were treated in vitro with benzene and several of its metabolites and assayed for DNA damage with the Comet assay. Benzene and its metabolites produced significant (P < 0.05) levels of DNA damage at and above concentrations of 10 μM. The metabolite, p‐benzoquinone, produced the greatest amount of DNA damage, followed by hydroquinone > benzene > catechol > 1,2,4,‐benzenetriol > muconic acid. This study demonstrates that, using sensitive techniques, it is possible to detect human health risks at an early stage when intervention is possible. possible. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of the XRCC1 gene‐environment interactions on DNA damage in healthy Japanese workers
Authors: Weng Zuquan , Lu Yuquan , Weng Huachuan , Morimoto Kanehisa 
Published: September 2008

AbstractX‐ray repair crosscomplementing group 1 (XRCC1) has a central role in base excision repair (BER) and single‐strand break repair (SSBR). XRCC1 gene polymorphisms (codons 194, 280, and 399) have been identified, and in some cases have been reported to contribute to variations in DNA repair capacity and susceptibility to cancer. To further characterize the effects of XRCC1 gene polymorphisms and their possible interactions with environmental factors on individual levels of DNA damage, we investigated the XRCC1 genotypes of 222 healthy Japanese workers and analyzed data with respect to smoking, drinking habits, age, and health practice index (HPI). Our results showed that poor HPI would associate with a higher level of tail moment (TM). Individuals with one or two XRCC1R280H variant alleles exhibited significantly higher TM values, and these differences were enhanced by alcohol consumption and aging, whereas smoking and poor HPI may cover up the differences. On the other hand, using a stratified analysis, we found that the XRCC1R194W variant was associated with a higher TM value in the 40–50 year‐old age group, and the XRCC1R399Q variant was associated with a lower TM value in the ≤20 pack‐years group or in the 40–50 year‐old age group. These data suggest that XRCC1 polymorphisms could influence individual DNA repair capacity by interacting with lifestyle factors, and specifically, the data indicated that the XRCC1R280H allele may be more important than codon 194 or 399 alleles. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene expression changes associated with xenobiotic metabolism pathways in mice exposed to acrylamide
Authors: Mei Nan , Guo Lei , Tseng Jo , Dial Stacey L. , Liao Wayne , Manjanatha Mugimane G. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe discovery of acrylamide (AA) in a variety of fried foods has raised public health concerns. In this study, groups of male mice were administered 500 mg/L AA in drinking water for 3 weeks, and gene expression changes were evaluated in the livers of AA‐treated mice within 24 hr of the last treatment. When a two‐fold cutoff value and aP‐value less than 0.05 were selected, 696 genes (233 up‐regulated and 463 down‐regulated) were identified as differentially expressed genes in AA‐treated mice when compared with the controls. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the principle pathways affected by AA were xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYPs) and glutathione metabolism, suggesting that drug and/or xenobiotic metabolism is most affected by exposure. The results provide more information about AA metabolism and further insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in AA‐induced toxicity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2008. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.