bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normal visual fields as assessed by computerized static threshold perimetry in patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism
Authors: Hallengren Bengt , Manhem Per , Bramnert Margareta , Redlund-Johnell Inga , Heijl Anders 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In this prospective study, 25 consecutive patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism were tested with a highly sensitive perimetric technique, since a high prevalence of visual field defects has been described in this condition. All patients had clinical hypothyroidism, a serum TSH value > 20 mU/l (reference range 0.4–4.0) and decreased/low normal serum total T4 concentration. Visual fields were tested with fully automated threshold-measuring computerized perimetry of the central 30 degrees field. Interpretation of fields included computer-assisted analysis provided by a perimetric statistical programme package. In 23 patients, conventional inspection and computer-assisted analysis showed no visual field defects. Two patients were excluded from the latter analysis: one patient who did not respond adequately at computerized perimetry and in whom manual field tests were entirely normal; one patient who had low sensitivity values in the uppermost parts of both visual fields owing to markedly swollen upper eye lids. In conclusion, although pituitary hyperplasia has been well documented in primary hypothyroidism, the present prospective study clearly indicates that visual field defects are not a common finding in patients with this disease.
IgE antibodies to human growth hormone prior to and during treatment
Authors: Petersen Karl-Georg , Khalaf Abdulnasser , Zeisel Hans-Joachim , Stryjek-Kaminska Danuta , Kerp Lothar 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Clinical manifestations of allergy to biosynthetic hGH were not reported in 245 patients treated for one year. A sensitive radioallergosorbent test showed, however, the presence of anti-hGH IgE antibodies in the sera of 13%. All patients with anti-hGH IgE had also elevated concentrations of total serum IgE, similar to atopic persons (2459 ± 147 μg/l, normal 70 ± 8, 2p < 0.0001); 83% of all patients who had specific IgE antibodies to hGH had specific antibodies prior to treatment. Administration of hGH did not consistently change concentrations (up to 8 μg/l or affinities (< 107 to 1.3 × 109 l/mol) of the specific reagins. Anti-hGH IgE antibodies were related to atopy. Treatment with biosynthetic hGH did not significantly stimulate specific IgE.
Biological activity of 26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro- 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the chick
Authors: Kiriyama Takeshi , Okamoto Sumiaki , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Nagata Akihiko , Izumi Motomori , Morii Hirotoshi , Nagataki Shigenobu 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
A newly synthesized fluorinated analogue of 1,25-dihydroxyvatimin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), 26,26,26,27,27, 27-hexafluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (26,27-F6-1,25-(OH)2D3) has been compared with 1,25(OH)2D3 as to its biological activity in vitamin D-deficient chicks. One day old, white Leghorn cockerels were fed a rachitogenic diet for 5 weeks. They were then given vehicle or 32.5, 130 or 325 pmol of 26,27-F6-1,25(OH)2D3 or 1,25(OH)2D3 in a solution of propylenglycol:ethanol (95:5 v/v) sc every day for 2 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, the animals were sacrificed and their femurs were removed. 26,27-F6-1,25(OH)2D3 was more active than 1,25(OH)2D3 in stimulating growth, healing of rachitic cartilage visualized by soft X-ray radiography, elevation of serum inorganic phosphorus, and mineralization of rachitic bone. These biological differences between two compounds were observed only for the dose of 130 pmol. However, this fluorinated compound has less binding ability than 1,25(OH)2D3 to fetal chick intestinal cytosol receptors. The mechanism of the higher potency of this analogue is still unknown, but its affinity to the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor does not account for the higher activity. Since 26-hydroxylation can be postulated as the inactivation step in vitamin D metabolism, these results suggest that the reason for increased activity of this fluorinated analogue is most likely its slower metabolism.
Characterization of α2-adrenoceptors in a plasma membrane enriched fraction from the insulin-secreting cell line RINm5F
Authors: Ullrich Susanne , Wollheim Claes B. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
A plasma membrane enriched fraction from the insulin-secreting cell line RINm5F was used to characterize [3H]clonidine binding. After a single self-generating Percoll gradient, the specific activity of 5'-nucleotidase (a plasma membrane marker) of the membrane fraction was enriched about 8-fold over that of the homogenate and nearly 30% of the total amount was recovered. The fraction was essentially free of mitochondria and secretory granules. [3H]clonidine binding to this membrane fraction revealed a single, high affinity binding site with a Kd of 2.3 nmol/l. The binding was competitively inhibited by adrenergic agonists in the following order of potency: clonidine > epinephrine > phenylephrine > isoproterenol, and by antagonists in the order of potency: idazoxan > yohimbine > propranolol > prazosin. Pertussis toxin pretreatment of the cells did not alter the inhibition of [3H]clonidine binding by epinephrine and clonidine nor the estimated receptor number for [3H]clonidine. In conclusion, the pharmacologic characteristics of [3H]clonidine binding sites on a plasma membrane enriched fraction from insulin-secreting RINm5F cells demonstrate that the receptor is of the α2-adrenergic subtype.
Urinary excretion of human growth hormone: daily variation and relationship with albumin and α1-microglobulin in urine
Authors: Hattori Naoki , Shimatsu Akira , Kato Yuzuru , Koshiyama Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Yasuhiro , Tanoh Tsutomu , Assadian Hossein , Imura Hiroo 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Urinary excretion of growth hormone during night-time was measured by a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay in 6 normal men for 18–24 days. Urinary GH excretion distributed widely from 0.12 to 4.7 pg/μmol creatinine and the coefficient of variation in each subject ranged from 37 to 57% (mean 49%). Urinary excretion of albumin and α1-microglobulin also showed moderate day-to-day variations (mean coefficients of variation: 37 and 42%, respectively). No correlation was found among urinary excretion of GH, albumin and α1-microglobulin. Plasma and urinary GH levels were determined every 5 min and 2 h, respectively, from 09.00 h to 17.00 h in 4 normal men. Urinary GH excretion every 2 h during daytime closely reflected the change of plasma GH levels in each subject, suggesting that physiological GH secretory dynamics are reflected on the urinary GH excretion. Repeated measurements of urinary GH excretion are required to evaluate GH secretory capacity.
Thyroid-infiltrating lymphocytes, thyroid function, and HLA-DR in juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Mäenpää Jorma , Lautenschlager Irmeli , Nyberg Marcus , Koskimies Saija , Kontiainen Sirkka 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Eighteen patients with juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis were studied. At diagnosis 8 (44%) of the patients were euthyroid and 10 hypothyroid, whereas at the end of 6 to 12 months follow-up, 12 (66%) were euthyroid and 6 hypothyroid. All the patients were HLA-typed. The frequency of HLA-DR4 was increased in the patients when compared with the normal population, 63 vs 28% (p < 0.01). An analysis of thyroid-infiltrating mononuclear cells revealed that the majority of the thyroid-infiltrating lymphocytes were T cells. More T lymphocytes and fewer B lymphocytes and HLA class II positive lymphocytes were found among the thyroid-infiltrating mononuclear cells in euthyroid than hypothyroid patients. The numbers of thyroid-infiltrating B lymphocytes correlated with the levels of thyroid microsomal antibodies. No correlation was found between thyroid function and thyroid antibodies.
Ovarian aromatase activity in scorbutic mutant rats unable to synthesize ascorbic acid
Authors: Tsuji Motomu , Ito Yasuhiro , Terada Nobuyuki , Mori Hiroshi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Osteogenic disorder syndrome rats are unable to synthesize ascorbic acid owing to the lack of l-gulonolactone oxidase, and become scorbutic within a few weeks without the supply of ascorbic acid. We studied effects of ascorbic acid deficiency on the ovarian aromatase activity in vivo using osteogenic disorder syndrome rats. The ovarian aromatase activity in ascorbic acid-deficient osteogenic disorder syndrome rats was significantly higher than that in normal or ascorbic acid-supplied osteogenic disorder syndrome rats. The activity in hypophysectomized immature rats was extremely low, but increased after treatment with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, regardless of the presence or absence of ascorbic acid. The extent of the increase was the same among experimental groups. The present results indicate that ascorbic acid at physiological level lowers the ovarian aromatase activity, whereas it does not impair the responsiveness of the aromatase activity to gonadotropins.
Re-evaluation of eye muscle autoantibody determination in Graves' ophthalmopathy: failure to detect a specific antigen by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting techniques
Authors: Schifferdecker E. , Ketzler-Sasse U. , Boehm B. O. , Ronsheimer H. B. , Scherbaum W. A. , Schöffling K. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Sera from 41 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy were investigated for presence of autoantibodies directed against eye muscle preparations using different methods: 1. ELISA with pork eye muscle membrane preparations; 2. Immunoblotting with glycoprotein preparations from human eye muscle; 3. Indirect immunofluorescence with human eye muscle sections. The ELISA was not suitable for detection of specific immunoglobulin binding with sera from patients suffering from endocrine ophthalmopathy. Immunoblotting exhibited only nonspecific binding to some muscle proteins; it could be prevented by pre-adsorption procedures and was not different from the pattern observed with skeletal muscle as antigen. The indirect immunofluorescence technique revealed no binding of Graves' sera to human muscle sections, whereas sera containing antibodies against skeletal muscle bound to eye muscle as well. Thus far, an antigenic structure of eye muscle specific for Graves' ophthalmopathy is not detectable with the methodology used here. The possibility that retroorbital connective tissue may be the main target of the autoimmune process must be considered.
Aromatase activity in purified Leydig cells from adult rat. Comparative effects of insulin, IGF-I, and hCG
Authors: Rigaudière Nicole , Grizard Geneviève , Boucher Daniel 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The comparative effects of insulin and IGF-I on aromatization in adult rat purified Leydig cells were examined to elucidate the mechanism of action of the peptides in testicular steroidogenesis. Aromatase activity was measured in short-time incubations, using the tritiated water release method with [1β-3H] androstenedione as substrate. In the presence of varying concentrations of substrate, the apparent Km for androstenedione was 0.945 mol/1; treatment of cells with insulin, IGF-I and hCG markedly increased the apparent maximal velocity, without modifying Km; peptides were more potent in aromatase stimulation than hCG alone or in combination with either peptides. When related to time (0–4 h) and expressed as percent of control values, aromatase activity in the presence of insulin, IGF-I and/or hCG exhibited a significant and transient increase at 15–30 min. In order to clarify the nature of this early stimulation, the effects of dibutyryl cAMP, various antibiotics, and cytochalasin B on treated Leydig cells were analysed. Results indicated that insulin and IGF-I action on aromatization was not cAMP-dependent; peptides could intervene by increasing RNA and protein, but not DNA, synthesis; they were also effective in glucose transport. These data suggest that insulin and IGF-I are able to modulate aromatization in Leydig cells.
Role of testosterone in regulating the growth of mice from lines selected for low vs high plasma insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations
Authors: Siddiqui Rafat A. , McCutcheon Stuart N. , Mackenzie Duncan D. S. , Blair Hugh T. , Ormsby J. Eldon , Gluckman Peter D. , Breier Bernhard H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
A study was undertaken to investigate the role of testosterone in regulating growth and circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I in male mice from lines divergently selected on the basis of plasma IGF-I. Controls of each lines were sham-operated at 10 days of age and treated with peanut oil from day 14 to day 70. A second group, which was castrated at 10 days and treated with testosterone enanthate (0.5 μg · (g body weight) −1 · day−1) from day 14 to 70, did not differ from controls in body weight but had higher plasma IGF-I concentrations. Delaying testosterone therapy until day 42 in a third group retarded growth, with body weights being significantly lower than those of other two groups from days 35 to 56. However, plasma IGF-I levels in this group were not different from those of controls. Effects of line and treatment were additive. It is concluded that the greater pubertal growth of high-line compared to low-line males is not due to greater stimulation of circulating IGF-I by testosterone. Furthermore, testosterone does not appear to influence pubertal growth by acting on circulating levels of IGF-I.
The respective effects of serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine on serum thyrotropin and lipid parameters in endemic juvenile hypothyroidism
Authors: Smitz J. , Vanderpas J. , Yunga Y. , Bourdoux P. , Gerlo E. , Sevens C. , Thilly C. H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The respective effects of serum total T4 concentration and of serum total T3 concentration on serum TSH concentration and on lipid parameters were compared in 84 7- to 16-year-old children of the Northern Zaire goitre endemia classified in group A (T4 > 77 nmol/l and T3 > 1.69 nmol/l), B (low T4, normal T3) and C (low T4, low T3). Mean serum TSH level was normal in group A (2.3 mU/l), it raised to 39.4 mU/l in group B (p < 0.001) and to 166.3 mU/l in group C (p < 0.001 vs A and B). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoprotein B were increased in group B vs A (p < 0.05) and in group C vs A (p < 0.001) and B (p < 0.001 for apoprotein B; not significant for cholesterol). High density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoprotein Al were similar in the three groups. Mean serum triglyceride level, not different in groups A and B, was doubled in group C (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that serum TSH, apoprotein B, and triglyceride levels were influenced by both thyroid hormones concentrations with a predominant effect of serum T4 on the first two parameters and of serum T3 on the last one. In conclusion, low serum T4 with normal T3 concentrations resulted in an increase in serum TSH and in an altered lipid metabolism; it clearly represented an hypothyroid state.
Decreased glucagon binding and glucagon-stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes from streptozotocin-diabetic rats
Authors: Sato Nobuyuki , Irie Minoru , Kajinuma Hiroshi , Suzuki Kazuo 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Adipocytes from streptozotocin-diabetic rats showed a markedly reduced lipolytic response to glucagon concomitant with a 90% or greater decrease in the number of glucagon receptors per cell. In contrast, β-adrenergic receptors assessed by [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding and lipolysis stimulated by isoproterenol, dibutyryl 3′5′-cyclic AMP and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine were reduced by only 10–25% in diabetic rats compared with controls. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of the relationship between the amount of cell-bound glucagon and the hormone-stimulated lipolysis revealed that the function of the remaining 10% of glucagon receptors remained intact in cells from diabetic animals. These findings suggest that the lipolytic cascades, including β-adrenergic receptors, in adipocytes are not greatly impaired by diabetes, and therefore, the unresponsiveness of these cells to glucagon is mostly due to a marked reduction in the number of glucagon receptors, probably as a result of a down-regulation by postprandial hyperglucagonemia.
Effect of isoprenaline on the output of melatonin from fetal and newborn lamb pineal glands in vitro
Authors: McMillen I. C. , Parkington H. C. , McCance I. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
We have measured the output of melatonin in vitro from the pineal glands of lambs in late gestation (135–143 days) and the early newborn period (4–8 days). The basal output of melatonin/mg pineal tissue was significantly lower in the fetal group (16.3 ± 3.9 pg melatonin · (30 min)−1 · mg−1) than in the newborn group (148.1 ± 43.6 pg melatonin · (30 min)−1 · mg−1). Addition of the β-adrenergic agonist, isoprenaline (10−5 mol/l) significantly stimulated melatonin output from both the fetal (to 24.9 ± 3.9 pg melatonin · (30 min)−1 · mg−1) and newborn pineals (to 247.7 ± 67.3 pg melatonin · (30 min)−1 · mg−1). Pineals from newborn lambs produced 9–10-fold more melatonin than the fetal pineal glands, before, during and after addition of isoprenaline. These results show that functional β-adrenergic receptors are present before birth on the sheep pinealocyte and that there is a marked increase in the melatonin synthetic capacity of the pineal in the newborn period.
Arginine vasopressin secretion in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Coiro V. , Volpi R. , Capretti L. , Bacchi-Modena A. , Cigarini C. , Bianconi L. , Rossi G. , Gramellini D. , Chiodera P. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Arginine vasopressin responses to osmotic (0.1 ml · kg−1 · min−1 NaCl), orthostatic (standing upright and maintenance of orthostatic position for 20 min), and hypoglycemic (0.15 IU/kg insulin) stimuli were evaluated in women with polycystic ovaries and in normal subjects. Blood dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione, testosterone, cortisol, and endogenous insulin levels were significantly higher in women with polycystic ovaries than in controls, whereas estrone, estradiol-17β, progesterone and 17OH-progesterone concentrations were normal in all subjects. Arginine vasopressin basal levels (mean ± sem of 3 test days; women with polycystic ovaries: 2.8 ± 0.2 pmol/l; controls: 2.7 ± 0.2 pmol/l) and secretory responses to orthostatic (mean peaks 100% higher than baseline values) and to hypertonic (130% increments) stimuli were similar in the two groups. Arginine vasopressin responses to hypoglycemia were lower in women with polycystic ovaries (50% increment) than in controls (150% increment), although comparable blood glucose decrements and GH or cortisol increments were found in the two groups. Arginine vasopressin peak responses to hypoglycemia were negatively correlated to testosterone, androstenedione, and endogenous insulin levels, but did not correlate with basal and hypoglycemia-induced peak cortisol concentrations or with circulating levels of other steroids. These data indicate a hypothalamic posterior pituitary disorder affecting arginine vasopressin response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in women with polycystic ovaries syndrome associated with elevated blood androgen and insulin concentrations.
Neutrophil chemotaxis, random migration, and adherence in patients with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Wolach B. , Lebanon B. , Jedeikin A. , Shapiro M. S. , Shenkman L. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
We have examined neutrophil adherence, chemotactic activity, and random migration in 35 hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease and 106 normal volunteers. No statistically significant differences were found between granulocyte adherence of 17 hyperthyroid subjects (67 ± 15.6%) and 81 healthy volunteers (63.1 ± 17%). In 3 thyrotoxic patients, impaired neutrophil adherence was found, which resolved when thyroid function returned to normal. The neutrophil chemotactic activity of 32 normal controls was 107.5 ± 21.4 cells, and the random migration 36 ± 15.5 cells. No statistically significant difference was demonstrated in 13 hyperthyroid patients who had a neutrophil chemotactic activity of 102 ± 14.6 cells and a random migration of 31.2 ± 13.2 cells. Defective chemotactic activity and random migration was found in 2 patients. Neutrophil functions returned to normal in one of the two subjects who were re-evaluated when thyroid function recovered. In summary, 14% of hyperthyroid patients had impaired leukocyte functions. However, severe pyogenic infections are quite rare in hyperthyroid patients, indicating that the observed alterations in function of phagocytic cells are not clinically important.
Induction of experimental thyroiditis in mice by recombinant interferon γ administration
Authors: Kawakami Yasushi , Kuzuya Nobuaki , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Uchiyama Yasuo , Yamashita Kamejirou 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 2 molecules on the thyroid follicular cells in human autoimmune thyroid diseases has been reported, and is suggested to play a role in the initiation of the autoimmune responses. Interferon γ is known to induce MHC class 2 molecules on cultured thyrocytes. Therefore, we administered recombinant interferon γ to mice to induce MHC class 2 molecule expression in vivo, and investigated the thyroidal changes following MHC class 2 molecule expression. Recombinant interferon γ3 × 105 U, was administered daily, to mice. MHC class 2 molecules, studied by indirect immunohistochemistry, were expressed on the follicular cells on the 2nd to 4th day after the first interferon γ administration and continued thereafter. Serum T4 and T3 concentrations decreased and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and anti-microsomal antibodies were detected. Lymphocyte infiltrations were observed in the thyroid glands obtained at 28 days, but they were mild. These results suggest that MHC class 2 molecule expression on thyroid follicular cells induces anti-thyroid antibodies and plays an important role in the initiation of autoimmune thyroiditis. However, the progression of the immune response to thyroiditis with lymphocyte infiltration may require some other factor. This new model of autoimmune thyroid disease in mice might be useful to elucidate the pathogenesis of human autoimmune thyroid diseases.
The prolactin releasing effect of histamine is unrelated to its vascular action
Authors: Kjær Andreas , Knigge Ulrich , Warberg Jørgen 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
We investigated in male rats whether the prolactin releasing effect of systemically infused histamine might be attributed to a vasodilatatory action of the compound. Intraarterial infusion of histamine (3.8 μmol) over 1 min increased the plasma PRL 10-fold. This effect was prevented by prior ia infusion of the H1 receptor antagonist mepyramine and slightly augmented by prior ia infusion of the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine. At the same time histamine caused an immediate 38% decrease in mean arterial blood pressure, which remained 15% below the initial level during the rest of the 60-min observation period. The depressor effect of histamine was prevented by pretreatment with mepyramine and partly prevented for the first 5 min by pretreatment with cimetidine. Since the H1 receptor seemed to be the predominant mediator of the histamine-induced hypotension and PRL release, a causative interaction is possible. However, when the histamine-induced decrease in blood pressure was prevented by simultaneous iv loading with saline the PRL response to histamine was still evident. Furthermore, when the histamine-induced decrease in blood pressure was mimicked by ia infusion of the vasodilator nitroprusside no effect was observed on PRL secretion. We conclude that the histamine-induced stimulation of PRL secretion is independent of the profound depressor action of the amine.