bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing post-analytical phase harmonization in European laboratories: a survey promoted by the EFLM Working Group on Harmonization
Authors: Zaninotto Martina , Agnello Luisa , Dukic Lora , Akhvlediani Leila 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Harmonization of the laboratory total testing process (TTP) is critical to improving patient outcome. In 2016, an EFLM survey on the harmonization of TTP underlined the serious shortcomings pertaining to the post-analytical phase. In 2023, the WG-H conducted a new survey aiming to update information in the 2016 harmonization report in order to ascertain whether countries that had declared they were keen to adopt SI units had continued with this program, the aim being to verify the state-of art in harmonization units in areas of laboratory medicine not included in the previous survey.

Methods
Questionnaires were distributed to the Presidents and National Representatives of EFLM Full Member Societies and EFLM affiliate Members. The survey questions were grouped into three categories: measurement units, reference intervals, and nomenclature/terminology, and results were evaluated using Survey Monkey software and Excel.

Results
A total of 123 questionnaires from 31 countries were analyzed. A trend (+19.3 %) was observed toward a wider use of SI units for general clinical biochemistry parameters. The results for tests not included in the 2016 survey (i.e., endocrinology diagnostics and coagulation panels), demonstrated that for reports on hormones, responses were satisfactory, 70–90 % of the responders adopting the recommended units, whereas for coagulation test panels, a serious lack of harmonization was found, “seconds”, which are inaccurate and not recommended, being widely used units (91 %).

Conclusions
The findings made in the 2023 survey demonstrated a progressive, albeit slow, improvement in harmonization reports. However, further efforts at improvement are mandatory.
Convergence of an Operator Splitting Scheme for Fractional Conservation Laws with Lévy Noise
Authors: Behera Soumya Ranjan , Majee Ananta K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we are concerned with an operator-splitting scheme for linear fractional and fractional degenerate stochastic conservation laws driven by multiplicative Lévy noise.
More specifically, using a variant of the classical Kružkov doubling of variables approach, we show that the approximate solutions generated by the splitting scheme converge to the unique stochastic entropy solution of the underlying problems.
Finally, the convergence analysis is illustrated by several numerical examples.
Unraveling the seriousness fallacy: a case for (the study of) humor and religion
Authors: Graham Nicole 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article establishes and demonstrates the importance of the topic of humor and religion. It traces the evolution of the existing scholarship on humor and religion, from its emergence in the 1960s, to its revival in the 1990s, and its latest resurgence in recent years. To overlook the presence of the comic, humor, and laughter in religious traditions is to overlook something significant. This article will demonstrate how interrogating and overcoming biases and preconceptions about the relationship between humor and religion reveals opportunities in both religious studies and humor studies. As such, this article offers a rejection of the existing privilege that is granted to ‘serious’ matters and argues for the inclusion of the non-serious – with a particular emphasis on humor – within (the study of) religion. In arguing for the necessity of taking the study of the (allegedly) non-serious seriously, the artificial nature of the binary of serious/non-serious becomes apparent. As such, this article begins to challenge and re-evaluate the conceptualization of ‘the serious’ and the limitations this inevitably places on our thinking and engagement regarding matters such as humor and religion.
Laughing and humor in ancient Egyptian monasticism
Authors: Gilhus Ingvild Sælid 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The goal of this article is to analyze laughter and humor in the Egyptian monastic and ascetic movement in the 4th and 5th centuries with a special focus on solitary and non-humorous laughter. The article argues that laughter and humor were part of a strict emotional regime. It shows that several of the monastic stories include a laughter which is not humorous and where no one else laughed apart from the main character. This laughter was a means to show spiritual excellence and superiority. The other side of the emotional regime was that monastics were scolded for laughing and joking. There is a division between illegitimate laughter caused by humor and frequently connected to eroticism and a legitimate laughter of spiritual insight and authority. The article argues that non-humorous laughter should get more attention in contemporary research.
Crisis Constitutionalism
Authors: Bakshi Kushagr 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Modern constitutions often contain ‘emergency’ provisions which confer upon the executive, the right to assume unfettered authority free of checks and balances, to respond to extra-constitutional crisis situations. Constitutional theorists, relying on the debate between Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt in the context of the Staatgerichtshof’s decision in Prussia contra Reich, have laid out two contrasting normative visions of these emergency powers. While some envisage emergencies as existing outside the constitutional order, to be resolved by sovereign dictators exercising constituent power, others argue that emergency provisions ought to be understood as within the constitutional structure. Recently, these emergency powers were used by the central government in India to abrogate the constitutionally mandated autonomous status of Jammu and Kashmir, thereby enacting a permanent constitutional change in response to a temporary extra-constitutional situation. Using these changes in Kashmir as an exemplar, this paper examines the normative position of such emergency provisions in Indian constitutionalism. By analyzing the Indian and Jammu and Kashmir constituent assembly debates, Kelsenian and Schmittian visions and comparatively considering the development of emergency jurisprudence in India and Pakistan, this paper argues that the Indian constitution has sought to constrain the exercise of such provisions through the courts by prescribing a democratic ‘constitutional morality’.
The Constitutional Complaint in Kosovo from the Perspective of State Liability and Constitutional Certainty
Authors: Morina Visar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article analyses the constitutional complaint in Kosovo through the lens of governmental liability and constitutional certainty. Although it is one of the most significant legal mechanisms for the protection of human rights in Kosovo, the remedial impact of a constitutional complaint does not appear to be appropriate for granting ‘just satisfaction’ and holding a public authority accountable for a violation of constitutional rights. To make the state’s constitutional liability for human rights violations a reality, additional legislative reforms are necessary. The introduction of ‘constitutional damage’ award in the context of the Kosovan constitutional judiciary is therefore especially pertinent to this end. Such a remedy would hold the state accountable for abuses of human rights originating from the unconstitutional behavior of government officials. It would finally provide victims of constitutional rights violations with appropriate means of legal redress, which is the ultimate end of constitutional justice. The constitutional principle of ‘legitimate expectation’ is also not unimportant in this context. By offering a critical perspective on the Constitutional Court’s case-law, this article argues for the significance of adhering to the ‘legitimate expectations’ principle to ensure equality of the parties in constitutional litigation proceedings and a constant development of constitutional jurisprudence that is vital for the Kosovan democracy.
Investigation of polymers pyrolysis in a solid-gas conical spouted bed: CFD simulation
Authors: Jafari Sobhan , Soltani Hadi , Gholizadeh Mortaza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The hydrodynamics of a conical spouted bed was simulated utilizing the Eulerian–Eulerian Two-Fluid Model (TFM) incorporating a kinetic theory of granular flows. The simulations were confirmed with experimental data. To accurately examine the pyrolysis process, the hydrodynamics of the solid bed as well as the heat transfer inside it were analysed separately by considering a precise synthetic model. The effects of gas velocity, particle size, bed length, and temperature were thoroughly investigated. The results indicated that the amount of relative standard deviation increases with an increase in the inlet velocity into the bed. This amount of deviation at the inlet velocity (0.6 m/s for tar and gas flow to its maximum value of 9.1 and 9.4) is not desirable in product production and should be modified so that the amount of gas flow increases and the tar produced reaches the minimum possible amount. Also, the graphs of the relative standard deviation in terms of temperature indicate that the increase in temperature from 730 to 950 K is associated with a relatively smaller fluctuation of the relative standard deviation so that at the temperature of 730 K, it is 7.2 % for tar and 6.4 % for gas flow, while at temperature of 950 K, it is 6.5 % for wire and 6.8 % for gas flow. Finally, the results determined that small-diameter particles have a more significant fountain height and also higher velocity in the spout section.
Structural identification, stability and combination mechanism of calcium-chelating wheat gluten peptides
Authors: Liu Wenying , Wu Hanshuo , Liu Rui , Wang Hualei , Zhang Xinxue , Meng Ganlu , Ren Jie , Gu Ruizeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In order to explore the structures and combination mechanism of wheat gluten peptides-calcium chelate (WOP-Ca) in depth, WOP-Ca were prepared by chelating wheat gluten peptides (WOP) with calcium. The yield of WOP-Ca was determined to be 51.2 ± 2.12 %, and it exhibited a calcium-chelating rate of 58.96 ± 1.38 %. The structural differences between WOP-Ca and WOP were characterized using various analytical techniques, and the results revealed that WOP-Ca and WOP differed in their microstructure, characteristic group absorption peaks, changes in electron cloud distribution, and thermal stability. WOP-Ca demonstrated remarkable stability and resistance to changes in pH, temperature, and in vitro digestion with gastric protease. After undergoing various treatments, the molecular weight distribution in each interval changed very little. Identification of the peptides in WOP-Ca was achieved by utilizing a mass spectrometer, and a total of 39 peptides were identified in WOP-Ca. Among these, 14 peptides with Score ≥ 30 and Coverage ≥ 20 showed bioavailability percentages exceeding 30 %, with half surpassing 50 %. The binding mode between the 14 peptides and Ca2+ was determined to be α linkage. The Ca–O bond lengths ranged from 2.40 to 3.20 Å, indicating the formation of structurally stable complexes. The carboxyl oxygen atoms played a crucial role in binding with Ca2+, with bond lengths ranging from 2.41 to 2.49 Å and 2.43 to 2.46 Å, respectively. The finding suggested that WOP-Ca prepared by chelation may be used as a calcium supplement that could serve as food additives, dietary nutrients, and pharmaceutical agents.
Well-posedness and Tikhonov regularization of an inverse source problem for a parabolic equation with an integral constraint
Authors: Ngoma Sedar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We investigate a time-dependent inverse source problem for a parabolic partial differential equation with an integral constraint and subject to Neumann boundary conditions in a domain of

R
d

\mathbb{R}^{d}

,

d
≥
1

d\geq 1

.
We prove the well-posedness as well as higher regularity of solutions in Hölder spaces.
We then develop and implement an algorithm that we use to approximate solutions of the inverse problem by means of a finite element discretization in space.
Due to instability in inverse problems, we apply Tikhonov regularization combined with the discrepancy principle for selecting the regularization parameter in order to obtain a stable reconstruction.
Our numerical results show that the proposed scheme is an accurate technique for approximating solutions of this inverse problem.
Single-crystal structure determination of Tm3B12O19(OH)7
Authors: Teichtmeister Tobias A. , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Tm3B12O19(OH)7, monoclinic, C2 (no. 5), a = 23.9849(5) Å, b = 4.4400(1) Å, c = 7.0771(1) Å, β = 94.698(1)°, V = 751.13(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0106, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0247, T = 298(1) K.
Strike While the Iron is Hot: Land Trusts, Temperature Anomalies, and Agenda Setting for Local Open Space Referenda
Authors: Zuhlke Samantha , Katz Juniper , Brinkman Emani 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Despite substantial progress on understanding the influence of nonprofits in the policy process, the role of nonprofits in local agenda setting remains under-examined. Policy for land conservation is a key plank in climate change mitigation strategies making the role of land trusts in agenda setting for land conservation votes an important topic. Prior studies demonstrate that temperature anomalies increase the likelihood that climate change policy appears on state political agendas. We propose that land trusts play a critical role in facilitating this connection at the local level. Temperature anomalies create a policy window which contributes to the likelihood that conservation measures make it onto the political agenda. Combining temperature, land trust presence, and local conservation vote data from U.S. counties from 2009 to 2019, we find that both temperature anomalies and the presence of land trusts increase the probability that a land conservation measure will appear on the local political agenda. Further, we find that the effect of temperature anomalies on the probability of a vote taking place is conditional on land trust presence within the county. The findings advance existing nonprofit theory on ways in which nonprofits engage in the policy process and hint towards promising avenues of future research. The findings also provide practical evidence for practitioners and hold implications for how local policymakers can leverage existing organizations to implement climate change policy.
Enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial properties of silver–zirconia nanoparticles for environmental pollution treatment
Authors: Dao Phi Hung , Trinh Hoang Nghia , Nguyen Thuy Chinh , Nguyen Anh Hiep , Vu Dinh Hieu , Nguyen Xuan Thai , Hoang Thi Huong Giang , Nguyen Tien Dung , Thai Hoang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Silver–zirconia nanoparticles (Ag–ZrO2 NPs) were synthesized via an in situ strategy at room temperature using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The surface modification of ZrO2 nanoparticles with nano silver was confirmed through various characterization techniques including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The obtained results demonstrated that Ag nanoparticles, with a crystallite size of approximately 12 nm, were uniformly distributed on the surface of ZrO2 nanoparticles. The incorporation of Ag nanoparticles to the ZrO2 nanoparticles led to increasing the light absorption ability and reducing the band gap of Ag–ZrO2 nanoparticles, thereby enhancing their photocatalytic performance under infrared lamp exposure. When 1 g/L of Ag–ZrO2 nanoparticles was employed to methylene blue (MB) solution, the degradation of MB reached 90 % after 5 h of exposure. Additionally, the Ag–ZrO2 nanoparticles exhibited a high antibacterial activity against two bacterial strains, E. coli and S. aureus. These findings highlight the potential of Ag–ZrO2 nanoparticles as effective materials for environmental pollution treatment through advanced oxidation processes.
Assessing the feasibility of statistical inference using synthetic antibody-antigen datasets
Authors: Minotto Thomas , Robert Philippe A. , Hobæk Haff Ingrid , Sandve Geir K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Simulation frameworks are useful to stress-test predictive models when data is scarce, or to assert model sensitivity to specific data distributions. Such frameworks often need to recapitulate several layers of data complexity, including emergent properties that arise implicitly from the interaction between simulation components. Antibody-antigen binding is a complex mechanism by which an antibody sequence wraps itself around an antigen with high affinity. In this study, we use a synthetic simulation framework for antibody-antigen folding and binding on a 3D lattice that include full details on the spatial conformation of both molecules. We investigate how emergent properties arise in this framework, in particular the physical proximity of amino acids, their presence on the binding interface, or the binding status of a sequence, and relate that to the individual and pairwise contributions of amino acids in statistical models for binding prediction. We show that weights learnt from a simple logistic regression model align with some but not all features of amino acids involved in the binding, and that predictive sequence binding patterns can be enriched. In particular, main effects correlated with the capacity of a sequence to bind any antigen, while statistical interactions were related to sequence specificity.
Zwischen Pandemiebekämpfung und ökonomischen Interessen
Authors: Avci Meral , Franke Christian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Der Beitrag untersucht, wie die Malariakommission des Völkerbunds in der Zwischenkriegszeit im Spannungsfeld (nationaler) unternehmerischer wie wissenschaftlicher Interessen und der transnationalen Verantwortung konkrete Empfehlungen zur Eindämmung von Malariaepidemien aushandelte. Am Beispiel des dritten Malariaberichts von 1933 wird diskutiert, warum trotz sehr unterschiedlicher Forschungsmeinungen hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit von Chinin und synthetischen Wirkstoffen (Plasmochin und Atebrin) ein klares Urteil für Chinin gefällt wurde. Der Beitrag zeigt so auch, wie die Malariakommission ihre in den 1920er Jahren erworbene internationale Autorität sukzessive einbüßte und mit dem Rückzug der deutschen und 1937 auch der italienischen Malariaforschung wichtige wissenschaftliche Standbeine verlor.
Aus den Aufzeichnungen eines Attentäters
Authors: Rossoliński-Liebe Grzegorz 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Die Dokumentation präsentiert zentrale Ausschnitte aus den Erinnerungen des KGB-Agenten Bogdan Staschinski, die im Archiv des Bundesnachrichtendiensts verwahrt werden. Staschinski war ein begabter, aber innerlich zerrissener Attentäter, der wegen seiner Mordanschläge auf die Anführer der Organisation Ukrainischer Nationalisten (OUN) Lew Rebet und Stepan Bandera in die Geschichte der Geheimdienste und des Kalten Kriegs einging. In seinen Aufzeichnungen, die er nach seiner selbst gewollten Verhaftung verfasste, berichtete er – um milde Richter zu finden –, was ihn dazu bewog, sich dem KGB anzuschließen, den nationalistischen Untergrund in der Westukraine erfolgreich zu infiltrieren, Anführer der OUN in München zu ermorden und anschließend dem wohl brutalsten Geheimdienst schlechthin den Rücken zu kehren.
Mechanical and Microstructural Analysis of Lightweight Subgrade Bricks Synthesized from Mixtures of Coal Fly Ash and Sewage Sludge
Authors: Wang Hong , Yu Laihao , Zhang Zhenghao , Zhang Yingyi , Shen Xin , Peng Shiheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The massive discharge of coal fly ash and sewage sludge has placed great pressure on the environment and society. This study proposes a feasible method for producing lightweight subgrade bricks from coal fly ash and sewage sludge. The results show that the lightweight subgrade bricks mainly consist of mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2), hematite (Fe2O3), sillimanite (Al2SiO5), aluminum phosphate (AlPO4), and a small amount of cristobalite (SiO2). The formation of AlPO4 improved the sintering and mechanical properties of the sintered samples. The formation of voids and cracks in the sintered samples was primarily attributable to the combustion and sintering shrinkage of the organic matter in the mixture. The maximum compressive and flexural strengths were observed when the sewage sludge content was 40 wt. %, and the corresponding compressive strength and flexural strength were 19.86 and 8.57 MPa, respectively. An appropriate amount of sewage sludge improves the connections between coal fly ash particles and promotes the densification of the lightweight subgrade bricks. These results provide a direction for the development of applications for coal fly ash and sewage sludge in the field of building materials.
Performance of Febrile Infant Algorithms by Duration of Fever
Authors: Velasco Roberto , Gomez Borja , Labiano Ismael , Mier Ana , Ugedo Alberto , Benito Javier , Mintegi Santiago 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES
To analyze the performance of commonly used blood tests in febrile infants ≤90 days of age to identify patients at low risk for invasive bacterial infection (bacterial pathogen in blood or cerebrospinal fluid) by duration of fever.

METHODS
We conducted a secondary analysis of a prospective single-center registry that includes all consecutive infants ≤90 days of age with fever without a source evaluated at 1 pediatric emergency department between 2008 and 2021. We defined 3 groups based on caregiver-reported hours of fever (&lt;2, 2–12, and ≥12) and analyzed the performance of the biomarkers and Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network, American Academy of Pediatrics, and Step-by-Step clinical decision rules.

RESULTS
We included 2411 infants; 76 (3.0%) were diagnosed with an invasive bacterial infection. The median duration of fever was 4 (interquartile range, 2–12) hours, with 633 (26.3%) patients with fever of &lt;2 hours. The area under the curve was significantly lower in patients with &lt;2 hours for absolute neutrophil count (0.562 vs 0.609 and 0.728) and C-reactive protein (0.568 vs 0.760 and 0.812), but not for procalcitonin (0.749 vs 0.780 and 0.773). Among well-appearing infants older than 21 days and negative urine dipstick with &lt;2 hours of fever, procalcitonin ≥0.14 ng/mL showed a better sensitivity (100% with specificity 53.8%) than that of the combination of biomarkers of Step-by-Step (50.0% and 82.2%), and of the American Academy of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network rules (83.3% and 58.3%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The performance of blood biomarkers, except for procalcitonin, in febrile young infants is lower in fever of very short duration, decreasing the accuracy of the clinical decision rules.