bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stomatal types in Chinese and Himalayan Umbelliferae
Authors: Ostroumova T. A. , Kljuykov E. V. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe leaf epidermis of 149 species from 47 genera of Asiatic Umbelliferae has been studied. For each species the form of the anticlinal walls of the epidermal cells, the presence of thick pitted walls, the composition of stomatal types, and the number of epidermal cells surrounding the stomata (neighbouring and subsidiary) have been recorded. The sto‐ matal types and the number of surrounding cells are of some taxonomic value in the genera and species groups in the family. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Examining the effect of linkage disequilibrium between markers on the Type I error rate and power of nonparametric multipoint linkage analysis of two‐generation and multigenerational pedigrees in the presence of missing genotype data
Authors: Kim Yoonhee , Duggal Priya , Gillanders Elizabeth M. , Kim Ho , Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBecause most multipoint linkage analysis programs currently assume linkage equilibrium between markers when inferring parental haplotypes, ignoring linkage disequilibrium (LD) may inflate the Type I error rate. We investigated the effect of LD on the Type I error rate and power of nonparametric multipoint linkage analysis of two‐generation and multigenerational multiplex families. Using genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism, we modified the original data set into 30 total data sets in order to consider six different patterns of missing data for five different levels of SNP density. To assess power, we designed simulated traits based on existing marker genotypes. For the Type I error rate, we simulated 1,000 qualitative traits from random distributions, unlinked to any of the marker data. Overall, the different levels of SNP density examined here had only small effects on power (except sibpair data). Missing data had a substantial effect on power, with more completely genotyped pedigrees yielding the highest power (except sibpair data). Most of the missing data patterns did not cause large increases in the Type I error rate if the SNP markers were more than 0.3 cM apart. However, in a dense 0.25‐cM map, removing genotypes on founders and/or founders and parents in the middle generation caused substantial inflation of the Type I error rate, which corresponded to the increasing proportion of persons with missing data. Results also showed that long high‐LD blocks have severe effects on Type I error rates. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tracheostomy decannulation: Implication on respiratory mechanics
Authors: Dellweg Dominic , Barchfeld Thomas , Haidl Peter , Appelhans Patrick , Kohler Dieter 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground.Tracheostomy decreases airway resistance and work of breathing. No comprehensive data are available on respiratory mechanics after tracheostomy decannulation. We evaluated respiratory mechanics after decannulation.Methods.Twenty‐five patients with tracheostomy were included. Measurement of arterial blood gases, air‐flow, and esophageal pressure during spontaneous breathing were evaluated.Results.Overall arterial blood gas parameters as well as flow and pressure measurements including work of breathing and airway resistance were not affected by the intervention. Inspiratory time fraction increased from 40.0 ± 0.04 to 43% ± 0.05% (p = .007). We observed marked individual differences. Postdecannulation change in work of breathing is best predicted by change in airway resistance (R = 0.869, R2 = 0.755, p < .0001)Conclusion.Inspiratory time increased after decannulation, and arterial blood gas levels and respiratory mechanics did not change for the whole cohort. Individual changes in work of breathing are considerable and correlate closely to changes in airway resistance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
Health behaviors of head and neck cancer patients the first year after diagnosis
Authors: Duffy Sonia A. , Khan Mumtaz J. , Ronis David L. , Fowler Karen E. , Gruber Stephen B. , Wolf Gregory T. , Terrell Jeffrey E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground.This prospective, cohort study is the first to describe 5 health behaviors of head and neck cancer patients the first year after diagnosis.Methods.Patients (N = 283) were recruited in otolaryngology clinic waiting rooms and asked to complete written surveys. A medical record audit was also conducted. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine which variables were associated with the 5 health behaviors.Results.Half of the patients smoked and 25% were problem drinkers. Over half of the smokers and drinkers quit 1 year post‐diagnosis. Smoking and problem drinking were highly associated and both were associated with lower body mass index (BMI) (p < .01). Moreover, physical activity and sleep were associated with each other (p < .01). Low SLEEP (Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale) scores were common and highly associated with depression (p < .01).Conclusion.The health behaviors of head and neck cancer patients are interrelated, and assessing and treating these behaviors together may be beneficial. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Coupled surface and ground water models for investigating hydrological processes
Authors: Wu Ray‐Shyan , Shih Dong‐Sin , Li Ming‐Hsu , Niu Chia‐Ching 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis study examines a physical based distributed‐parameter model combining surface runoff and ground water flow. Surface runoff is composed of both overland flow and river flow components, and the ground water module considers the unsaturated zone and saturated zone in an unconfined aquifer system. Previous works of surface flow module development was presented, the ground water module development and complete hydrologic processes simulations are conducted in this paper. Proposed watershed model is designed to deal with physics‐based multiple processes occurring in watershed, including evaporation, infiltration, percolation, surface runoff and ground water flow. This study used a proposed watershed model for the simulations of extreme flood events and long‐term periods that occurred in the Shihmen reservoir watershed from 1986 to 2001. This hydrological model is a flash reacting watershed model, showing good potential for storm based simulations, recession period description and long‐term modelling. Therefore, the proposed model is confirmed to be suitable for Shihmen reservoir watershed simulations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting suspended sediment concentrations in the Meuse river using a supply‐based rating curve
Authors: Doomen Annette M. C. , Wijma Eisse , Zwolsman John J. G. , Middelkoop Hans 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA rating curve provides a reasonable estimate of the suspended sediment concentration at a given discharge. However, analysis of a detailed 9‐year time‐series of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and discharge Q of the Meuse River in The Netherlands indicates that SSC is (besides discharge) controlled by exhaustion and replenishment of different sediment sources. Clockwise hysteresis and other effects of sediment exhaustion can be observed during and after flood events, and the effects of stockpiling of sediment in the river bed during low‐discharge periods are obvious in the SSC of the next flood. In a single regression equation we have implemented a parameter that represents the presence or absence of stock for sediment uptake. In comparison with a rating curve of SSC and Q, adding this parameter is shown to be a more reliable and comprehensive method to predict SSCs at all discharge regimes with all preceding discharge conditions, for single‐peaked and multi‐peaked runoff events as well as for low flow conditions. The method is probably applicable to other small‐ to medium‐scaled river basins. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating peat hydrological properties using field and laboratory methods: application to the Lanoraie peatland complex (southern Quebec, Canada)
Authors: Rosa E. , Larocque M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFlow dynamics within a peatland are governed by hydraulic parameters such as hydraulic conductivity, dispersivity and specific yield, as well as by anisotropy and heterogeneity. The aim of this study is to investigate hydraulic parameters variability in peat through the use of different field and laboratory methods. An experimental site located in the Lanoraie peatland complex (southern Quebec, Canada) was used to test the different approaches. Slug and bail tests were performed in piezometer standpipes to investigate catotelm hydraulic conductivity. Combined Darcy tests and tracer experiments were conducted on cubic samples using the modified cube method (MCM) to assess catotelm hydraulic conductivity, anisotropy and dispersivity. A new laboratory method is proposed for assessing acrotelm hydraulic conductivity and gravity drainage using a laboratory experimental tank. Most of slug tests' recovery curves were characteristic of compressible media, and important variability was observed depending on the initial head difference. The Darcy experiments on cubic samples provided reproducible results, and anisotropy (Kh > Kv) was observed for most of samples. All tracer experiments displayed asymmetrical breakthrough curves, suggesting the presence of retardation and/or dual porosity. Hydraulic conductivity estimates performed using the experimental tank showed K variations over a factor of 44 within the upper 40 cm of the acrotelm. The results demonstrate that the intrinsic variability associated with the different field and laboratory methods is small compared with the spatial variability of hydraulic parameters. It is suggested that a comprehensive assessment of peat hydrological properties can be obtained through the combined use of complementary field and laboratory investigations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intra‐storm evaporation as a component of canopy interception loss in dryland shrubs: observations from Fowlers Gap, Australia
Authors: Dunkerley D. L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractInterception losses from the canopies of dryland plant taxa remain poorly understood, especially the relative contributions of intra‐storm and post‐storm evaporative losses. Employing a new measuring apparatus, this study uses low‐intensity simulated rain, matched to the properties of local rain, to explore interception processes in bluebush shrubs at an Australian dryland site. Five shrub specimens were exposed to simulated rain for 60–90 min. Experiments were repeated at three rainfall intensities (10, 15, and 20 mm h−1). Canopy evaporation was found from the difference between the flux of water delivered to the shrub and the flux of throughfall, once equilibrium had been established. The results show that evaporation from the wet foliage during rain proceeds at an average rate of 3·6 mm h−1. This figure is for relatively cool spring‐season conditions; evaporation rates in hot summer conditions would be larger. Intra‐storm evaporation is shown to exceed post‐rain evaporation from interception storage on the shrubs, and this differentiates dryland shrub interception processes from those of the better‐studied wet forest environment. Implications of the high dryland shrub canopy evaporation rates for aspects of dryland ecology are highlighted. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adult stem cells in progression and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Herr Ingrid , Groth Ariane , Schemmer Peter , Büchler Markus W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most aggressive solid tumours associated with poor prognosis. Despite its significance, there is only an elemental understanding of the mechanisms that drive disease pathogenesis, and there are just limited therapy options. The medical community is currently experiencing a wave of enthusiasm for clinical trials, in which adult stem/progenitor cells are used for liver regeneration. This is based on promising results in animal models and encouraging reports from some initial clinical studies. On the other hand, several essential precautions are not being fully addressed. Stem cells may contribute to fibrosis or give rise to hepatic cancer stem cells as a source of hepatocellular carcinoma. This review outlines the current state of knowledge in progression of liver disease and highlights the function of adult stem cells in disease and therapy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Video tracking system optimization using evolution strategies
Authors: García Jesús , Pérez Oscar , Berlanga Antonio , Molina José M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA video‐based tracking system for airport surveillance, composed by modules performing vision tasks at different levels, is adapted for operational conditions by means of Evolution Strategies (ES). An optimization procedure has been carried out considering different scenes composed of representative trajectories, supported by a global evaluation metric proposed to quantify the system performance. The generalization problem (the search of appropriate solutions for general situations, avoiding over‐adaptation to particular conditions) is approached considering evaluation of ES‐individuals over combinations of trajectories to build the fitness function. In this way, the optimization procedure covers sets of trajectories representing different types of problems. Besides, alternative operators for aggregating partial evaluations have been analysed. Results show how the optimization strategy provides a sensitive tuning of performance related to input parameters at different levels, and how the combination of different situations improves the generalization capability of the trained system. The global performance final system after optimization is also compared with representative algorithms in the state of the art of visual tracking. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 75–90, 2007
A comparative study on interpolation methods for controlled cardiac CT
Authors: Bharkhada Deepak , Yu Hengyong , Zeng Kai , Bai Er‐Wei , Wang Ge 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBai et al. recently proposed to acquire random fan‐beam/cone‐beam projections with a linear/planar detector from a circular scanning locus for controlled cardiac computed tomography (CT). After specifying a uniform acquisition geometry required by FBP (filtration‐backprojection), we rebin the random fan‐beam/cone‐beam data via nearest‐neighbor, quadrilateral and triangle‐based linear interpolation methods. The fan‐beam and parallel‐beam FBP algorithms are employed for rebinned fan‐beam projections. The FDK (Feldkamp–Davis–Kress) and t‐FDK (tent‐FDK) methods are employed for rebinned cone‐beam data. Also, nonuniform weighting fan‐beam/FDK methods are used to reconstruct without rebinning. As a benchmark, the images are reconstructed using uniform weighting fan‐beam/FDK method from data collected at the specified uniform grid. To evaluate the different methods, effects of increasing the number of projections and adding Poisson noise are studied. The root mean square error (RMSE) is used to quantify the image quality by numerical tests with the cardiac phantom. Our results show that it is helpful to perform data interpolation for improvements of the image quality in controlled cardiac CT from random projections. Our simulations indicate that triangular interpolation gives the most satisfactory result for improved image quality whereas quadrilateral interpolationgives the best noise performance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 91–98, 2007
Error assisted fast mode decision in the H264 video coding standard
Authors: Grecos Christos , Yang M. Y. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA new algorithm for fast mode decision in the H264 video coding standard is presented in this article. The novelty of the algorithm stems from the fact that it jointly exploits error and pixel information for mode decision as opposed to pixel only information [Lim et al., Input Document JVT‐1020, 2003]. The exploitation of error information is achieved through the use of moving averages of error cost functions as decision steps for mode selection and results in significant computational savings with similar or even better Rate Distortion performance as compared to the work performed by Lim et al. [Input Document JVT‐1020, 2003] and other techniques in the literature [Jing and Chau, Electron Lett 40 (2004); Grecos and Yang, IEEE Trans Broadcast 51 (2005); Hong et al., Proceedings of the IEEE 19th International Conference on AINA, 2005]. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 99–102, 2007
The evaluation of neuroprotective efficacy of newly developed oximes (K074, K075) and currently available oximes (obidoxime, HI‐6) in cyclosarin‐poisoned rats
Authors: Kassa Jiri , Karasova Jana , Vasina Libor 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe neuroprotective effects of newly developed oximes (K074, K075) and currently available oximes (obidoxime, HI‐6) in combination with atropine in rats poisoned with cyclosarin were studied. The cyclosarin‐induced neurotoxicity was monitored using a functional observational battery at 24 h and 7 days following cyclosarin challenge. The results indicate that the oxime HI‐6 combined with atropine seems to be the most effective antidote for a decrease in cyclosarin‐induced neurotoxicity. Both newly developed oximes (K074, K075) as well as obidoxime are also able to counteract cyclosarin‐induced acute neurotoxicity, but their neuroprotective potency is significantly lower compared with the oxime HI‐6. Therefore, the oxime HI‐6 is still the most suitable oxime for the antidotal treatment of acute poisonings with cyclosarin due to its neuroprotective as well as reactivating efficacy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasmid size influences chitosan nanoparticle mediated gene transfer to chondrocytes
Authors: Xu Ximing , Capito Ramille M. , Spector Myron 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to prepare chitosan nanoparticles incorporating a relatively large plasmid encoding for osteogenic protein (OP)‐1 and to determine the ability of these nanoparticles to transfect adult canine articular chondrocytes in vitro. The positive charge of chitosan acted to condense the relatively large negatively‐charged OP‐1 plasmid such that it could be incorporated into nanoparticles. Incorporation of the plasmid into the chitosan nanoparticles did not affect the structural integrity of the plasmid as demonstrated by gel electrophoresis. The morphology and size of the nanoparticles were found to vary with the chitosan:plasmid weight ratio. Nanoparticles formulated with a chitosan:plasmid ratio of 10:1 were of uniformly small size (less than 250 nm) and spherical shape. These nanoparticles had a positive charge of about 20 mV. FITC‐labeled chitosan nanoparticles were found in virtually all of the cells after 24 h of incubation with the nanoparticles, and confocal microscopy revealed FITC‐related fluorescence in the nucleus of the chondrocytes. Although transfection of the chondrocytes was demonstrated by the fluorescence of cells treated with chitosan nanoparticles containing the plasmid for the enhanced green fluorescence protein, cells transfected with nanoparticles incorporating the larger OP‐1 plasmid did not show OP‐1 expression measured by ELISA for up to 2 weeks in culture. These results indicate that although a large plasmid can be successfully incorporated within chitosan nanoparticles, the size of the plasmid incorporated within the nanoparticles may still significantly affect gene transfer to cells. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Skeletal myogenesis on highly orientated microfibrous polyesterurethane scaffolds
Authors: Riboldi S.A. , Sadr N. , Pigini L. , Neuenschwander P. , Simonet M. , Mognol P. , Sampaolesi M. , Cossu G. , Mantero S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSkeletal myogenesis is a complex process, which is known to be intimately depending on an optimal outside‐in substrate‐cell signaling. Current attempts to reproduce skeletal muscle tissue in vitro using traditional scaffolds mainly suffer from poor directionality of the myofibers, resulting in an ineffective vectorial power generation. In this study, we aimed at investigating skeletal myogenesis on novel biodegradable microfibrous scaffolds made of DegraPol®, a block polyesterurethane previously demonstrated to be suitable for this application. DegraPol® was processed by electrospinning in the form of highly orientated (“O”) and nonorientated (“N/O”) microfibrous meshes and by solvent‐casting in the form of nonporous films (“F”). The effect of the fiber orientation at the scaffold surface was evaluated by investigating C2C12 and L6 proliferation (via SEM analysis and alamarBlue™ test) and differentiation (via RT‐PCR analysis and MHC immunostaining). We demonstrated that highly orientated elastomeric microfibrous DegraPol® scaffolds enable skeletal myogenesis in vitro by aiding in (a) myoblast adhesion, (b) myotube alignment, and (c) noncoplanar arrangement of cells, by providing the necessary directional cues along with architectural and mechanical support. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Targeted treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Xinning , Yin Lihong , Rao Pravin , Stein Robert , Harsch Kelley M. , Lee Zhenghong , Heston Warren D.W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOver a half century ago, Charles Huggins demonstrated the response of prostate cancer to androgen deprivation therapy. Subsequently, many discoveries and evolving findings continued to support a research rationale focused on the androgen receptor (AR) as a key target for prostate cancer. More recently, preliminary trials have suggested that other targets could also be useful in the treatment of prostate cancer, and the proposed strategies for treatment have ranged from targeted toxins to immunotherapeutic agents. We provide an overview of some of these approaches, with an emphasis on those that employ prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a target. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 571–579, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age‐related gene expression profiles of rhesus monkey bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Hacia Joseph G. , Lee C. Chang I. , Jimenez Daniel F. , Karaman Mazen W. , Ho Vincent V. , Siegmund Kimberley D. , Tarantal Alice F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to elucidate age‐related differences in gene expression profiles of rhesus monkey bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (rhMSC) obtained from fetal, infant, and adult donors relevant to their growth and other properties. Although a high degree of similarity was observed in the rhMSC gene expression profiles when comparing the three age groups, significant differences were found that strongly parallel gene expression profiles of human MSC. In general, there was a trend towards increased abundance of transcripts associated with differentiation and growth arrest with increasing donor age. Conversely, transcripts involved in RNA processing and the negative regulation of gene expression showed a downward trend with increasing donor age. Overall, the observed gene expression profiles were found to be similar to observations that MSC from older individuals show diminished proliferative capacity. These data highlight the importance of use of non‐human primates to study the properties of stem and progenitor cells, and for future therapies. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1198–1210, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.