bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Immunofluorescence with High-Dynamic-Range Imaging to Enhance PD-L1 Expression Evaluation for 3D Pathology Assessment from NSCLC Tumor Tissue
Authors: Huang Hsien-Neng , Kuo Chun-Wei , Hung Yu-Ling , Yang Chia-Hung , Hsieh Yu-Han , Lin Yu-Chieh , Chang Margaret Dah-Tsyr , Lin Yen-Yin , Ko Jen-Chung 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Assessing programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression through immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the golden standard in predicting immunotherapy response of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, observation of heterogeneous PD-L1 distribution in tumor space is a challenge using IHC only. Meanwhile, immunofluorescence (IF) could support both planar and three-dimensional (3D) histological analyses by combining tissue optical clearing with confocal microscopy. We optimized clinical tissue preparation for the IF assay focusing on staining, imaging, and post-processing to achieve quality identical to traditional IHC assay. To overcome limited dynamic range of the fluorescence microscope’s detection system, we incorporated a high dynamic range (HDR) algorithm to restore the post imaging IF expression pattern and further 3D IF images. Following HDR processing, a noticeable improvement in the accuracy of diagnosis (85.7%) was achieved using IF images by pathologists. Moreover, 3D IF images revealed a 25% change in tumor proportion score for PD-L1 expression at various depths within tumors. We have established an optimal and reproducible process for PD-L1 IF images in NSCLC, yielding high quality data comparable to traditional IHC assays. The ability to discern accurate spatial PD-L1 distribution through 3D pathology analysis could provide more precise evaluation and prediction for immunotherapy targeting advanced NSCLC.
Multiplex real-time PCR in non-invasive respiratory samples to reduce antibiotic use in community-acquired pneumonia: a randomised trial
Authors: Carratalà Jordi , Abelenda-Alonso Gabriela , Calatayud Laura , Rombauts Alexander , Meije Yolanda , Oriol Isabel , Sopena Nieves , Padullès Ariadna , Niubó Jordi , Duarte Alejandra , Llaberia Jaume , Aranda Judit , Gudiol Carlota , Satorra Pau , Tebé Cristian , Ardanuy Carmen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is often not identified and patients are overtreated with antibiotics. We assessed whether multiplex real-time PCR plus conventional microbiological testing is safe and more effective than conventional microbiological testing alone for reducing antibiotic use in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In this randomised trial, we recruited adult patients hospitalised with CAP at four Spanish hospitals. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to undergo either multiplex real-time PCR in non-invasive respiratory samples plus conventional microbiological testing or conventional microbiological testing alone. The primary endpoint was antibiotic use measured by days of antibiotic therapy (DOT). Between February 20, 2020, and April 24, 2023, 341 patients were assessed for inclusion, of whom 242 were finally enrolled. Of these, 119 were randomly assigned to multiplex real-time PCR plus conventional microbiological testing and 123 to conventional microbiological testing alone. The median DOT was 10.04 (IQR 7.98-12.94) in the multiplex PCR plus conventional microbiological testing group and 11.33 (IQR 8.15-16.16) in the conventional microbiological testing alone group (difference -1.04; 95% CI, -2.42-0.17; p=0.093). No differences between groups were observed in relevant secondary outcomes, including adverse events and 30-day all-cause mortality. Our findings do not support the routine implementation of multiplex real-time PCR in the initial microbiological testing in hospitalised patients with CAP. Further randomised controlled trials are needed to assess the safety and effectiveness of multiplex real-time PCR testing in improving antibiotic use and clinical outcomes in CAP.
Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT04158492.
The benefits of hepatitis C viral eradication: a real-world nationwide cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chin-Wei , Hsu Wei-Fan , Tseng Kuo-Chih , Chen Chi-Yi , Cheng Pin-Nan , Hung Chao-Hung , Lo Ching-Chu , Bair Ming-Jong , Chen Chien-Hung , Lee Pei-Lun , Lin Chun-Yen , Kuo Hsing-Tao , Chen Chun-Ting , Yang Chi-Chieh , Huang Jee-Fu , Tai Chi-Ming , Hu Jui-Ting , Lin Chih-Lang , Su Wei-Wen , Tsai Wei-Lun , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Cheng Chien-Yu , Lin Chih-Lin , Wang Chia-Chi , Yang Sheng-Shun , Mo Lein-Ray , Chen Guei-Ying , Chang Chun-Chao , Wang Szu-Jen , Huang Chia-Sheng , Hsieh Tsai-Yuan , Lin Chih-Wen , Lee Tzong-Hsi , Chong Lee-Won , Huang Chien-Wei , Chang Shiuh-Nan , Tsai Ming-Chang , Hsu Shih-Jer , Kao Jia-Horng , Liu Chun-Jen , Liu Chen-Hua , Lin Han-Chieh , Tsai Pei-Chien , Yeh Ming-Lun , Huang Chung-Feng , Dai Chia-Yen , Chuang Wan-Long , Yu Ming-Lung , Peng Cheng-Yuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) increases the risk of liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This nationwide cohort study assessed the effectiveness of viral eradication of CHC.
Methods
The Taiwanese chronic hepatitis C cohort and Taiwan hepatitis C virus (HCV) registry are nationwide HCV registry cohorts incorporating data from 23 and 53 hospitals in Taiwan, respectively. This study included 27,577 individuals from these cohorts that were given a diagnosis of CHC and with data linked to the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients received either pegylated interferon and ribavirin or direct-acting antiviral agent therapy for > 4 weeks for new-onset LC and liver-related events.
Results
Among the 27,577 analyzed patients, 25,461 (92.3%) achieved sustained virologic response (SVR). The mean follow-up duration was 51.2 ± 48.4 months, totaling 118,567 person-years. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) for incident HCC was 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.95, p = 0.052) among noncirrhotic patients without SVR compared with those with SVR, and 1.82 (95% CI: 1.34–2.48) among cirrhotic patients without SVR. The HR for liver-related events, including HCC and decompensated LC, was 1.70 (95% CI: 1.30–2.24) among cirrhotic patients without SVR. Patients with SVR had a lower 10-year cumulative incidence of new-onset HCC than those without SVR did (21.7% versus 38.7% in patients with LC, p < 0.001; 6.0% versus 18.4% in patients without LC, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
HCV eradication reduced the incidence of HCC in patients with and without LC and reduced the incidence of liver-related events in patients with LC.
Could Radiological Parameters Help to Predict the Failure of Ureteral Access Sheath Placement
Authors: ERDOĞAN¹ Erhan , KUZAN Taha Yusuf , Şahinler Emre Burak , KANBEROĞLU¹ Fatih , USLU² Mehmet , ARIKAN Özgür , SOBAY Resul , AŞIK¹ Alper , SARICA Kemal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aim
To identify the radiological parameters which may help to predict the success of ureteral access sheath (UAS) placement during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).
Patients and Methods
The study included 49 patients in whom failure ureteral access sheath placement in RIRS and 49 control group patients who were successfully placement between January 2023 and December 2023. The age, gender, body mass index (BMI), non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT), and kidney ureter bladder (KUB) radiographs were compared between the two groups. Measurements of the anteroposterior (ap) diameter of the pelvic inlet, anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic outlet, interspinous distance diameter were taken from non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT), while pelvic anteroposterior diameter and pelvic lateral diameter were measured from kidney ureter bladder (KUB) radiography.
Results
There were no significant differences between the groups in age, gender, body mass index, ap pelvic inlet diameter, ap pelvic outlet, and interspinous distance diameter. However, a statistically significant difference was found between the pelvic ap diameter and pelvic lateral diameter values measured on the KUB radiography.
Conclusions
The values for pelvic ap diameter and pelvic lateral diameter measured in the KUB radiographs can be used to predict the likelihood of UAS passage during RIRC procedures. However, further studies with larger patient groups are needed to establish a cut-off value.
Influence of Bifurcation Morphology on Exercise-Induced PAH Deposition in the Lungs: A Computational Modeling Approach for Air Quality Research
Authors: Mutuku Justus Kavita , Kung Hsin-Chieh , Chen Wei-Hsin , Huang Chien-Er , Khoo Kuan Shiong , Show Pau Loke 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study examines the influence of lung geometry, physical activity intensity, and aerosol concentration on the deposition efficiencies (DEs) of particulate matter with surface-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PM-PAHs) in human lung generations 3–6. Two-phase flows were effected in ANSYS 2020R2 platform using planar and orthogonal lung geometries, with two levels of physical activities, 4 Metabolic equivalents (METs), and 8 METs. Aerosol concentrations of 0.95 μg‧m-3, 1.57 μg‧m-3, and 2.04 μg‧m-3 represent rural, urban, and industrial areas, respectively. Relative differences in DEs for 1 μm, 3.2 μm, and 5.6 μm exhibit variations between the two geometries with ranges of 0%–84.4% for 4 METs and 1.2%–50.7% for 8 METs. The first carina region was the most significant hotspot for the 5.6 μm particle-s. On the other hand, the 1 μm and 3.2 μm aerosols infiltrated and deposited evenly at the lower sections of the lungs. Regarding PM-PAHs doses, spatial variations indicate an industrial >urban >rural hierarchy. This investigation suggests that individuals in industrial and urban locations should manage the intensity of their outdoor activities to minimize exposure to PM-PAHs. These findings are instrumental for public health interventions aimed at reducing exposure to PM-PAHs and preventing associated health problems.
Spherulitic orthopyroxene–bearing metaperidotite in Ray-Iz ophiolites (Polar Urals): high-pressure deserpentinization in a mantle wedge
Authors: Ishimaru Satoko , Sonoda Rie , Miura Makoto , Shmelev Vladimir R. , Arai Shoji 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Ray-Iz (or Rai-Iz) peridotite massif, the main part of the Paleozoic Ray-Iz ophiolite in the Polar Urals, comprises harzburgite, lherzolite, and dunite lenses, which contain abundant chromitite pods. The metaperidotite zone occurs as the ENE-WSW linear zone (width: ~4 km) at the center of the Ray-Iz peridotite massif. We sampled peculiar orthopyroxene-rich peridotites from the metaperidotite zone that contain spherulitic aggregates of orthopyroxene. This investigation provided insights into the key petrologic nature of the Ray-Iz peridotite massif, particularly its P-T history. The orthopyroxene-rich rocks and their surrounding metaperidotites contain various metamorphic minerals, such as tremolite, chlorite, serpentines (lizardite and chrysotile), and talc. Furthermore, the olivine and orthopyroxene grains in these lithologies contain minute inclusions of opaque spinels (ferritchromite and Cr-rich magnetite) and metamorphic minerals (tremolite, chlorite, serpentine minerals, etc.). The spinel occurring both as discrete grains and inclusions in the orthopyroxene-rich rocks exhibits low Al and high Fe3+ concentrations, and the contents of Ca, Al, and Cr in orthopyroxene are extremely low. The presence of high-Fe3+ spinel inclusions in olivine and orthopyroxene, combined with the presence of spherulitic aggregates and the extremely low Ca and Al concentrations in orthopyroxene, indicates deserpentinization as the origin of the metaperidotites, including the orthopyroxene-rich rocks. Contact metamorphism appears to be unbefitting as the cause of the deserpentinization because of the lack of a heat source close to the Ray-Iz massif. Instead, we propose that a hydration–dehydration path resulted from the subduction and exhumation of the forearc mantle wedge peridotite.
Does personality affect the allocation of resources within households?
Authors: Fernández Gastón P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper examines whether personality influences the allocation of resources within households. I model households as couples that make Pareto-efficient allocations and divide resources according to a distribution function. Using a sample of Dutch couples from the LISS survey with detailed information on consumption, labor supply, and personality traits at the individual level, I find that personality affects intrahousehold allocations through two channels. Firstly, the level of these traits act as preference factors that shape individual tastes for consumed goods and leisure time. Secondly, by testing distribution factor proportionality and the exclusion restriction of a conditional demand system, I observe that differences in personality between spouses act as distribution factors. Specifically, these differences in personality impact the allocation of resources by affecting the bargaining process within households. For example, women who are relatively more conscientious and engage more cognitively than their male partners receive a larger share of intrafamily resources.
JEL Classification: D1, J12, J22, J24
Advancing Building Damage Classification Accuracy through Machine Learning-based Model Design
Authors: Sajitha I , Sambandam Rakoth Kandan , John Saju P 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Efficient and accurate classification of building damage holds paramount significance for disaster assessment, response planning, and recovery efforts. This paper introduces a novel approach that harnesses the power of machine learning algorithms to enhance the accuracy of building damage classification. Traditional methods often struggle with complexities such as diverse damage patterns and environmental factors, leading to suboptimal results. In contrast, our proposed model capitalizes on advanced machine learning techniques to effectively discriminate between different levels of building damage. Leveraging a carefully curated dataset encompassing a wide spectrum of damage scenarios, the model employs state-of-the-art algorithms to extract and learn intricate features indicative of damage severity. By doing so, it significantly bolsters the classification accuracy, enabling more precise and informed decision-making during post-disaster scenarios. Our experimental results demonstrate the remarkable potential of this approach, outperforming conventional methods and contributing to the advancement of building damage assessment using machine learning technologies. This research not only propels the accuracy of building damage classification but also underscores the potential of machine learning as a valuable tool in disaster management and recovery.
Isolation, Characterization and Antifungal Behavior of Humic Acid and Fulvic Acid Fractions from Biowaste Derived Vermiproducts
Authors: Vanimuthu K. , Kavitha K. , Paul J. Arockia John , Kumar P. , Gowrishankar S. , Balachandar R. , Prabhu D. , Rajamanikandan S. , Biruntha M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Humic substances are widespread in the world and are formed from the plant and animal leftovers in the habitat when they are decomposed. The particular stuffs include three major combinations like humin, humic and fulvic acid. There are absolutely some reports available regarding the fungicidal activity of humic constituents. The objective of this study was humic materials determination and isolation from organic wastes and vermicompost deroved using the earthworm Perionyx excavatus for use to strength about the antifungal activity against the human fungal pathogen Candida species. Characterization of the fulvic and humic substances were done by various methods, including, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. According to the characterization results, it was observed that humic acid has a structure of honeycomb with fragments and flakes attached to the surface on it. The fractions also have a distinctive physical appearance of lumpy and close-grained. SEM and XRD analysis revealed that certain crystal forms occur in all humic and fulvic acid samples. The absorbances of peak between 250–500 nm have attributed significance nature of the humic acid. Further, total hydroxyls, amines, alkyl, alcoholic contents and acidic functional groups were determined. The growth of fungal Candida species was mainly affected by humic and fulvic acid and can reduce the usage of chemical drug that has several side effects. The earthworm plays major role in breakdown of organic substances to form humic substances, which is present in the vermicompost, vermicast and vermiwash. So, the approach of humic and fulvic acid taken from the vermiproduct is used to treat against the human fungal pathogen Candida species.
Mass Spectrometry Based Proteomic Profiling of Three Feeding Categories of Bats in Tirunelveli District of Tamilnadu, South India
Authors: Sakthivel Balasingh , Sophia Ezhilmathi , Sundararaj Suthakar Isaac , Jayaseelan Merrylin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A comparative protein profile of bat wing-tissue samples for three feeding categories of bats such as Insectivorous, Hipposiderous speoris; Carnivorous Megaderma lyra - and Frugivorous Cynopterus sphinx was studied. All the samples were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry. Totally, 38 protein spots were paired across all the three categories of samples and 5 differentially expressed proteins were identified. In the present study, it is reported that proteomics-based analysis for three feeding categories reveal the presence of five candidate proteins namely 1) Hemoglobin subunit beta; 2) V(D)J Recombination activating protein 1; 3) Olfactory receptor; 4) Lysozyme and 5) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor were identified. Among them, 3 proteins such as Olfactory receptor; Lysozyme and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor were up-regulated in M. lyra and C. sphinx compared to H. speoris. Gene ontology analysis reveals three different functional properties of the identified protein such as biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. The present study will shed more light on the importance of chiropteran fauna in proteomics and long-term conservation planning of bat populations of the study area.
Isolation, molecular characterisation and screening of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria from compost for enzymatic activity
Authors: Aruogu Pamela Ijeoma , Idoko Matthew Owoicho , Giwa Holy Johnson , Machunga-Mambula Salamatu Sangaljala 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Some bacteria have been found to produce enzymes and other metabolites that are of industrial and commercial importance. Accurate identification and characterization of these bacteria is therefore essential. This work focused on the isolation and molecular characterization of mesophillic and thermophillic aerobic bacteria from compost. The composting was done for 90 days with initial temperature of the heap after mixing being 30°C which was higher than the environmental temperature (25oC). Bacteria were isolated from the compost using the spread plate method. During the first 15 days, the pile temperature reached 35°C and then increased to 50°C on 45th day and further dropped to 28°C by the 90th day. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis occurred the most, with 23.33% each, followed by Serratia marcescens (10%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas flourescens represented 6.67% each being the least available isolates. The quantities of the cellulase enzyme produced showed that Bacillus subtilis had the highest cellulase and xylanase, giving 26.18 ± 0.10 and 24.10 ± 0.12 enzyme unit (EU) respectively. This was followed by Bacillus licheniformis which produced 25.10 ± 0.20EU and 22.50 ± 0.20EU for cellulase and xylanase respectively, Bacillus cereus with 22.14 ± 0.11EU and 20.02 ± 0.02EU for cellulase and xylanase respectively, Serratia marcescens with 20.09 ± 0.14EU and 18.20 ± 0.18EU for cellulase and xylanase respectively, Staphylococcus aureus with 19.22 ± 0.21EU and 17.40 ± 0.17EU for cellulase and xylanase respectively, Pseudomonas flourescens 18.50 ± 0.50 EU and 16.33 ± 0.25EUfor cellulase and xylanase respectively and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 16.20 ± 0.21 EU and 14.11 ± 0.08 EU for cellulase and xylanase respectively being the least value. Although substantial amount of enzymes were produced but, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the cellulase and xylanase activities produced by isolated thermophillic and mesophillic bacteria from compost.
Food Inflation in India: An Econometrics analysis
Authors: Singh Agamjot 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study delves into the dynamics of food inflation in India, analysing data from 1982-83 to 2019-20 to understand the effects of real rural wages, minimum support prices (MSP), and trade liberalisation. Utilising the Johansen Cointegration Test, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and Chow Test for structural breaks, we uncover the long-term and short-run relationships influencing food prices. Our findings highlight the significant role of policy adjustments and income factors, alongside identifying structural shifts in the inflationary trend. This research offers valuable insights for crafting policies to achieve food price stability while ensuring economic welfare, thus enriching the dialogue on managing food inflation in India.
De Jesús Santiago Juana, Construcción del derecho a la verdad. Una mirada desde el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos y su impacto en Latinoamérica, México, UNAM-CIALC, 2022
Authors: Orduña Trujillo Eva Leticia 
Published: April 2024

Reseña del libro Construcción del derecho a la verdad. Una mirada desde el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos y su impacto en Latinoamérica, de Juana de Jesús Santiago (México, CIALC-UNAM, 2022).
Spatial differentiation in food service pricing: an explorative study with web-scraped data
Authors: Kim Yong Jee , Jung Jinho , Yu Kihwan , Kim Sanghyo , Olynk Widmar Nicole 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Food delivery applications have grown rapidly in recent years, fueled by increasing consumer demand for convenience and prepared foods. Previous studies on what factors encourage consumers to use delivery platforms rely largely on survey data, likely due to the lack of availability of restaurant or industry level data. Utilizing web-scraping techniques to collect restaurant level data from one of the biggest delivery applications in South Korea, Yogiyo, this study conducts an analysis on spatial market structure of the restaurant business. Through restaurant level data, market expansion, changes in the number of restaurants to order from, and changes in prices across regions with delivery application are considered. Analysis suggests that the average number of orderable restaurants increased from a nearby 2.3 restaurants to distant 13.5 restaurants with customers willingly paying for delivery fees according to distance via the delivery application. As the restaurant delivery market becomes spatially more competitive with an additional 13.5 restaurants, it is found that aggregate prices totaled with food prices and delivery fees from two restaurants in different locations converge to serve the customers between the two restaurants. In addition, the increased degree of competition due to increased number of restaurants leads the aggregate prices to decrease by between 5.13 and 7.56%, depending on regional characteristics.