bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a long-acting analogue of somatostatin, SMS 201-995, on the development of intestinal tumours in azoxymethane-treated rats
Authors: Savage A.P. , Matthews J.L. , Adrian T.E. , Ghatei M.A. , Cooke T. , Bloom S.R. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The effect of daily parenteral administration of a long-acting analogue of somatostatin (SMS 201-995) on the development of intestinal tumours and the rate of crypt cell proliferation in azoxymethane-treated rats has been studied. SMS 201-995 had no significant effect on the number of colonic tumours induced. In the duodenum, SMS 201-995 administration was associated with a change in the number of tumours from 1.4/rat in saline-treated animals to 2.4/rat in animals treated for the last third of the study and 2.8/rat in animals treated with SMS for the entire duration of the study ( P &lt; 0.02). SMS had no significant effect on the rate of cell proliferation in the duodenum, ileum or colon. The inhibition of release of gastrointestinal trophic hormones by this analogue of somatostatin thus does not appear to reduce the number of tumours in the intestine of azoxymethane-treated rats.
Autoradiographic studies on
in vivo
covalent binding of
N
-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene in rat liver containing γ-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive foci. The effect of the sulfation-inhibitor pentachlorophenol
Authors: Kroese E.Dinant , Tijdens Roeline B. , Mulder Gerard J. , Meerman H.N. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The role of sulfation in the covalent binding of [ring- 3 H]- N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAF) in rat liver containing γ-glutamyltranspeptldase-positive (GGT + ) foci was studied in vivo by autoradiography. GGT + foci were induced by initiation with diethylnitrosamine, followed by a selection protocol consisting of a 2-week exposure to 2-aminofluorene in the drinking water and a single administration of CCl 4 . Both surrounding (‘normal’) liver tissue and, to a lesser extent, GGT + foci covalently bound N-OH-AAF, administered 10 days after selection. The sulfation inhibitor, pentachlorophenol (PCP), reduced the covalent binding of N-OH-AAF in cells surrounding the foci. However, PCP had no effect on binding of radiolabel in GGT + foci. Thus, reduced sulfotransferase activity may contribute to the resistance of GGT + preneoplastic lesions to carcinogen cytotoxicity. The results suggest also, that cells in GGT + foci are able to bind N-OH-AAF covalently by a sulfotransferase-independent pathway.
R-Goitrin- and BHA-induced modulation of aflatoxin B
1
, binding to DNA and biliary excretion of thiol conjugates in rats
Authors: Chang Yih , Bjeldanes Leonard F. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that dietary R-goitrin is a potent inducer of hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) and epoxide hydrolase activities but has no effect on components of the mixed function oxidase system (ethoxycoumarin O -deethylase and cytochrome P-450). In the present work effects of dietary R-goitrin (200 p.p.m.) or butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (7500 p.p.m.) on GST activity, binding of aflatoxin B 1 , (AFB]) to DNA, in vivo , and biliary excretion of thiol conjugates of AFB 1 in rats were studied. Increases of GST activities (1.9- and 2.1-fold) were accompanied by reductions in AFB 1 -DNA binding (43% and 85%) and increases (1.7-and 2.2-fold) in biliary excretion of AFB 1 -thiol conjugates in R-goitrin and BHA groups, respectively. Microsomal aflatoxin 8,9-epoxidase activities were not increased in either treatment group. The role of GST induction in the carcinogenesis of AFB 1 and the anticarcinogenic potential of R-goitrin are discussed.
Isolation of alkylating agent-sensitive Chinese hamster ovary cell lines
Authors: Robson Craig N. , Hickson Ian D. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Six derivatives of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line have been isolated by selection for hypersensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of the monofunctional alkylating agent methyl methane sulphonate (MMS). These cells are up to 6-fold more sensitive to MMS than the parental line, as estimated from D 37 values, and are cross-sensitive to methyl nitrosourea, as well as to the ethyl derivatives of these drugs. Comparisons of their sensitivities to the bifunctional alkylating agents cis -platinum (II) diammine dichloride, mitomycin C and melphalan reveals marked phenotypic diversity, with only one mutant, designated MMS-2, exhibiting appreciable hypersensitivity to all of these agents. No striking hypersensitivity to radiation or to the purine analogue caffeine is apparent in any of the mutant lines. Based on their profiles of sensitivity to DNA damaging agents, it would appear that these mutants are phenotypically unlike any previously described mammalian cell mutants and probably represent a number of different genetic complementation groups. These mutants may facilitate an investigation into the mechanisms of repair of alkylation damage in mammalian cells and could prove to be suitable hosts for the cloning of human DNA repair genes.
Chemical stability of oligonucleotides containing the acetylated and deacetylated adducts of the carcinogen
N
-2-acetylaminofluorene
Authors: Johnson Dana L. , Reid Thomas M. , Lee Mei-Sie , King Charles M. , Romano Louis J. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
We have prepared and characterized the single-stranded oligonucleotide heptamer 5'-ATCCGTC-3' in which the lone guanine of the oligonucleotide is modified at the C8 position with either the acetylated or deacetylated form of the carcinogenic adduct 2-aminofluorene. These two lesions represent the two major adducts formed upon the in vivo administration of the potent experimental carcinogen N -2-acetylaminofluorene. The stability of the adducts was compared by analyzing the oligonucleotide for strand scission or depurination by polyacrylamide gel etectrophoresis following treatment under either neutral, acidic or basic conditions or incubation in the presence of piperidine. The results show that both adducts are stable near neutral pH but that the deacetylated adduct is less stable than the acetylated adduct to either bask or acidic conditions. Both adducts are equally susceptible to piperidine. The method of analysis described here could prove useful for characterizing other adduct structures, thus providing a general procedure to determine the stability of a variety of lesions in DNA.
Epidermal growth factor induces cytogenetic damage in mammalian cells
Authors: Kelsey Karl T. , Nagasawa Hatsumi , Umans Robert S. , Little John B. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
It has been previously shown that potent tumor promoters, such as the phorbol ester 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), can induce both chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in mammalian cells. We show here that epidermal growth factor (EGF) is also capable of inducing SCE. EGF and TPA did not enhance the frequency of SCE in an additive fashion, suggesting these agents do not act by completely independent mechanisms.
The International Criminal Court and Universal Jurisdiction: A Close Encounter?
Authors: Bekou Olympia , Cryer Robert 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe fact that the International Criminal Court has not been granted universal jurisdiction exercisableproprio motuhas often been criticized on the basis that it will leave some offences beyond its power to prosecute. This article investigates whether the drafters of the Rome Statute were necessarily wrong in deciding not to grant the court such jurisdiction. It concludes that to have given the Court universal jurisdiction would have been lawful under current international law, and would have provided a welcome reaffirmation of the concept. Still, the nature of the cooperation regime and of the Prosecutor's investigatory remit, would mean that such jurisdiction would be difficult, if not impossible, for the Court to use. As the Court has to operate in a world of sovereign States, not all of whom are sympathetic to it, the drafters' choice was a prudent one.
Total and HDL-Cholesterol in The Netherlands: 1987–1992. Levels and Changes over Time in Relation to Age, Gender and Educational Level
Authors: VERSCHUREN W M MONIQUE , BOERMA GEERT J M , KROMHOUT DAAN 
Published: January 2007

Abstract

Background
To gain insight into the prevalence of and trends in plasma cholesterol levels in the general population of the Netherlands, a monitoring project was carried out from 1987 to 1992.

Methods
Each year a random sample of men and women aged 20–59 years in three towns in the Netherlands was invited to participate in the study. The overall response rate was 50% for men and 57% for women and a total of almost 42 000 men and women participated. Total (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was measured and the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio was computed. Data were age-standardized to the Dutch population distribution aged 20–59 years.

Results
The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia (TC &gt;605 mmol/l) in men ranged from 5% in the youngest (20–29 years) to 29% in the oldest age group (50–59 years), and from 4% to 38% in women Low HDL-C levels (≤0.9 mmol/l) in men ranged from 15% in the youngest to 26% in the oldest age group, and in women from 4% in the youngest to 7% in the oldest age group. The lipid profile of those with a higher educational level was more favourable than that of the less educated. From 1987 to 1992, in men, TC decreased by 0.12 mmol/l, HDL-C decreased by 0.07 mmol/l and the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio increased by 0.22. In women no statistically significant changes were observed. Changes over time did not differ according to age and educational level.

Conclusions
The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemla is still high in the Netherlands During the period 1987–1992 the lipid profile worsened in men and remained stable in women.
Role of Surgical Salvage for Regional Recurrence in Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Jeong Woo‐Jin , Jung Young Ho , Kwon Seong Keun , Hah J Hun , Kwon Tack‐Kyun , Sung Myung‐Whun , Kim Kwang Hyun 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectives: The aims of this study were to analyze the pattern of regional recurrence in laryngeal cancer, evaluate the role of surgical salvage, and identify factors affecting salvage outcome.Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records from a 16‐year period. Of 463 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer, 25 patients with regional recurrence managed with salvage neck dissection were identified and subject to study. Isolated local recurrences and all distant metastases were excluded.Results: All patients were male with a median age of 61 years. The overall rate of regional recurrence was 5.4%. Median time to regional recurrence was 13 months. Isolated regional recurrence occurred in 76% of cases, whereas locoregional recurrence occurred in 24%. A 5‐year survival rate for patients undergoing neck dissection as salvage management was 61.2%. Patients with recurrence in the contralateral neck were definitely associated with poor prognosis. Although standard statistical significance was not met, trends for poorer salvage result were identified in patients with a history of local recurrence before regional recurrence, recurrence in a previously dissected neck, and recurred node size of 3 cm or above.Conclusions: Our study shows that salvage neck dissection for regional recurrence in laryngeal cancer is an acceptable approach. Surgical eradication of disease should be warranted whenever possible. Prudent planning of management is mandatory in the presence of history of local recurrence before regional recurrence, previously dissected neck, large size of recurrent node, and contralateral neck recurrence.
Blue Nevi of the Sinonasal Mucosa: A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Chuang Wen‐Yu , Hao Sheng‐Po , Yeh Chi‐Ju , Jung Shih‐Ming 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBlue nevi are uncommon melanocytic proliferations. They occur mostly in the skin and occasionally in mucosae. Blue nevi of the sinonasal mucosa are extremely rare with only two cases reported to date. We report two more cases and review the literature. Compared with sinonasal malignant melanomas, which usually present as symptomatic tumors, sinonasal blue nevi are asymptomatic lesions found incidentally. A biopsy is required for a definitive diagnosis. Although none of the four cases had recurrence, given a rare but possible occurrence of malignant transformation in cutaneous blue nevi, complete excision with follow up should be the treatment of choice.
First‐Bite Syndrome After Resection of the Styloid Process
Authors: Cernea Claudio R. , Hojaij Flávio C. , De Carlucci Dorival , Plopper Caio , Vanderley Felipe , Guerreiro Carlos A. M. , Viana Mônica S. V. P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground: First‐bite syndrome (FBS) may occur after operations on parapharyngeal space. The main symptom is excruciating pain only after the first one or two bites of meals.Objective: The objective of this article is to report a case of FBS after resection of the styloid process (SP).Case Report: This 51‐year‐old woman had a 4‐month history of pain on her left neck. Computed tomography scan showed a left hypertrophic SP. A diagnosis of Eagle syndrome (ES) was then established. She underwent excision of the left SP through a lateral cervicotomy. Postoperative recovery was uneventful with pain relief. However, 2 months postoperatively, intense pain appeared related to the first bite in every meal. She received 800 mg carbamazepine per day with good pain control. Medication was discontinued after 2 years with no further relapse.Conclusions: This is the first report on FBS after surgical treatment of ES. It is important to remember the possibility of the diagnosis and to maintain the patient under heavy specific medication, sometimes for longer periods.
Interleukin‐12 Expression Enhances Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Oncolytic Therapy in Murine Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shin Edward J. , Wanna Georges B. , Choi Bryan , Aguila Demetrio , Ebert Oliver , Genden Eric M. , Woo Savio L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectives: Replication‐competent, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been demonstrated to be an effective oncolytic agent in a variety of malignant tumors. Cytokine gene transfer has also been used as immunomodulatory therapy for cancer. To test the use of combining these two approaches, an oncolytic VSV vector (rVSV‐IL12) was designed to express the murine interleukin 12 (IL12) gene. This cytokine‐carrying oncolytic virus was compared with an analogous noncytokine‐carrying fusogenic virus (rVSV‐F) in the treatment of murine SCC VII squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Study Design and Setting: The authors performed in vitro testing of recombinant VSV‐F and recombinant VSV‐IL12 in SCC cell lines. In vivo testing of multiple direct intratumoral injections of rVSV‐F or rVSV‐IL12 in an orthotopic floor of mouth murine model was performed. Each cell line was tested using rVSV‐F or rVSV‐IL12 at multiplicity of infection of 0.01. The ability of each virus to replicate was tested by real‐time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction over 48 hours to determine viral copies of RNA. Cell survival was determined by MTT assay over 72 hours. IL12 expression by rVSV‐IL12‐treated cells was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Both viruses demonstrated similar infection efficiency, viral replication, and cytotoxicity in vitro. In an SCC VII orthotopic floor of mouth model in immunocompetent C3H/HeJ mice, multiple intratumoral injections with each virus caused a significant reduction in tumor volume when compared with saline injections alone. The rVSV‐IL12‐treated tumors showed a striking reduction in tumor volume when compared with rVSV‐F and saline‐treated tumors (P < .005). This striking reduction in tumor volume translated into a substantial survival benefit in rVSV‐IL12‐treated animals. No treatment‐related toxicity was observed in either group.Conclusion/Significance: rVSV‐IL12 is a novel oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus that effectively expresses IL12 and significantly enhances the treatment of head and neck murine carcinoma. Such combined oncolytic and immunomodulatory strategies hold promise in the treatment of head and neck cancers.
Activated Mucosal Mast Cells Differentiate Eosinophilic (Allergic) Esophagitis From Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Kirsch Richard , Bokhary Rana , Marcon Margaret A , Cutz Ernest 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTObjectives:To evaluate the utility of activated mucosal mast cells (MC) in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Methods:Intraepithelial eosinophils and MC were quantified in esophageal biopsies from 25 children with EE, 22 children with GERD and 22 controls. MCs were identified by immunohistochemistry for MC tryptase, whereas MC activation status was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for immunoglobulin E (IgE) and by electron microscopy.Results:Esophageal biopsies from patients with EE showed higher intraepithelial eosinophil counts (55 ± 27.5 vs 6.9 ± 9.7, P < 0.0001) and MC counts (26.3 ± 12.7 vs 7.8 ± 8.9, P < 0.0001) than those from patients with GERD. Almost all EE biopsies (24 of 25 patients; 96%) contained IgE‐bearing cells compared with 9 of 22 (41%) GERD biopsies (P < 0.001). GERD biopsies with intraepithelial eosinophil counts >7/high‐power field (suggesting an allergic component) contained IgE‐bearing cells in 6 of 7 (86%) cases compared to 3 of 15 (20%) cases with eosinophil counts <7/h.p.f (P < 0.01). No intraepithelial eosinophils, MC or IgE‐positive cells were present in controls. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of intraepithelial MC and changes in cytoplasmic granules indicative of MC and eosinophil activation.Conclusions:Intraepithelial MC counts and IgE‐bearing cells may help to differentiate EE and GERD and to define a subset of GERD patients in which an allergic component is present. The findings support a role for a MC‐mediated hypersensitivity reaction in the pathogenesis of EE.
Management of postoperative pain in children following extractions of primary teeth under general anaesthesia: a comparison of paracetamol, Voltarol and no analgesia
Authors: O'DONNELL AMANDA , HENDERSON MARY , FEARNE JANICE , O'DONNELL DAVID 
Published: January 2007

Objective.  The aim of this study was to compare three different pain relief regimes and the respective levels of pain recorded by children undergoing extractions of primary teeth under general anaesthesia.Methods.  This was a tri‐sited study carried out in three similar hospital settings, each with a different pain relief protocol. The subjects were 70 children from each site who were aged between 3 and 12 years, and were undergoing routine extractions of primary teeth. All children from the three centres used a self‐report visual analogue scale to record pain preoperatively and postoperatively (15 min after recovery), and relevant pain‐relief medication was noted. The efficacy of the three different pain relief regimes was then compared.Results.  Children reported significantly less pain when rectal Voltarol was provided prior to the extractions, as compared to paracetamol or no analgesia. The greatest amount of pain was reported by the group who had received no analgesia.Conclusions.  Voltarol appears to be the better pre‐emptive analgesic for dental extractions under general anaesthesia when compared with paracetamol and no analgesia.
Oestrogen receptor antagonist and hair regrowth in dogs with hair cycle arrest (alopecia X)
Authors: Frank Linda A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAn oestrogen receptor pathway that regulates the telogen–anagen hair follicle transition in mice has been described. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether fulvestrant, a pure oestrogen receptor antagonist, would cause hair regrowth in Pomeranian dogs with hair cycle arrest (alopecia X). Eleven Pomeranian dogs with hair cycle arrest were randomly assigned to receive two intramuscular injections of either 10 mg kg−1 fulvestrant (n = 6) or an equal volume of saline (n = 5) 1 month apart. Complete blood count, chemistry panel, and urinalysis were monitored prior to the first injection and monthly for 2 months. Dogs were evaluated each month for degree of hair growth, percentage of body affected, and quality of new hair growth. Three control dogs received fulvestrant after the completion of the study. In addition, one control dog and one treatment dog received two subcutaneous injections of 20 mg kg−1 fulvestrant 1 month apart. No dogs that received 10 mg kg−1 fulvestrant had any evidence of hair regrowth. The control dog that received 20 mg kg−1 fulvestrant had substantial hair regrowth 1 month after the first injection. No adverse effects from the treatment were noted. Fulvestrant does not appear to be a feasible treatment for dogs with hair cycle arrest (alopecia X) when administered intramuscularly at 10 mg kg−1. A higher dose of fulvestrant requires more investigation but may be cost‐prohibitive.
Familial ichthyosiform keratoderma in newly out‐of‐pouch Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) and report of two cases
Authors: Hazen Paul G. , Jeromin Alice , Lesh Anthony , Lewandowski Albert , Dunstan Robert W. , Petrelli Mary , Davis Bryan , Jaworsky Christine 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPrimary inherited disorders of cornification in veterinary medicine are uncommon and rarely reported. Herein described is a unique syndrome associated with keratoderma that occurred in two Bennett's wallaby siblings (Macropus rufogriseus), and was characterized by profound thickening of the pad skin of all feet, generalized scaling of haired skin, and death within 7 weeks of out‐of‐pouch experience. The male also had depressed serum zinc levels. In addition, the male had, on electron microscopic exam of his skin, the presence of abnormal lipid deposits within the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum. The combination of clinical features and electron microscopic findings strongly suggests a syndrome analogous to harlequin ichthyosis or lamellar ichthyosis in humans.
Equine sweating and anhidrosis Part 2: anhidrosis
Authors: Jenkinson David McEwan , Elder Hugh Y. , Bovell Douglas L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe condition of anhidrosis is described in this review, and the latest theories on the causal factors are explored. The evidence supports the hypothesis that anhidrosis is an inappropriate response to prolonged climatic stress (generally combined heat and high humidity), which can be evoked in a small (∼10 ± 5%) proportion of the equine population. It is caused by gradual failure of the glandular secretory cell processes, initiated by desensitization and subsequent down‐regulation of the cell receptors as a result of continued adrenaline‐driven hyperactivity. It progresses through secretory failure and culminates in gradual, probably irreversible, glandular dedifferentiation and ultimate degeneration. There is a need for considerably more research on the secretory and transcriptional processes to document the changes arising within the glandular secretory mechanism as a prelude to development of a corrective treatment.
A review of weight loss interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Hamilton S. , Hankey C. R. , Miller S. , Boyle S. , Melville C. A. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryObesity is more prevalent in adults with intellectual disabilities than in the general population, and has been shown to contribute to their reduced life expectancy, and increased health needs. Relatively few studies have examined the effectiveness of weight loss interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities. However, there is evidence to support interventions that take account of the context of the lives of adults with intellectual disabilities, including carer involvement in interventions. To reduce the health inequalities experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities, there is a clear need to develop accessible, evidence‐based clinical weight management services.