bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calotropis procera extract inhibits prostate cancer through regulation of autophagy
Authors: Singh Palak , Dhole Bodhana , Choudhury Jaganmoy , Tuli Anannya , Pandey Deepak , Velpandian Thirumurthy , Gupta Surabhi , Chaturvedi Pradeep Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCurrent treatment options available for prostate cancer (PCa) patients have many adverse side effects and hence, new alternative therapies need to be explored. Anticancer potential of various phytochemicals derived from Calotropis procera has been studied in many cancers but no study has investigated the effect of leaf extract of C. procera on PCa cells. Hence, we investigated the effect of C. procera leaf extract (CPE) on cellular properties of androgen‐independent PC‐3 and androgen‐sensitive 22Rv1 cells. A hydroalcoholic extract of C. procera was prepared and MTT assay was performed to study the effect of CPE on viability of PCa cells. The effect of CPE on cell division ability, migration capability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was studied using colony formation assay, wound‐healing assay and 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay, respectively. Caspase activity assay and LDH assay were performed to study the involvement of apoptosis and necrosis in CPE‐mediated cell death. Protein levels of cell cycle, antioxidant, autophagy and apoptosis markers were measured by western blot. The composition of CPE was identified using untargeted LC–MS analysis. Results showed that CPE decreased the viability of both the PCa cells, PC‐3 and 22Rv1, in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Also, CPE significantly inhibited the colony‐forming ability, migration and endogenous ROS production in both the cell lines. Furthermore, CPE significantly decreased NF‐κB protein levels and increased the protein levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p27. A significant increase in expression of autophagy markers was observed in CPE‐treated PC‐3 cells while autophagy markers were downregulated in 22Rv1 cells after CPE exposure. Hence, it can be concluded that CPE inhibits PCa cell viability possibly by regulating the autophagy pathway and/or altering the ROS levels. Thus, CPE can be explored as a possible alternative therapeutic agent for PCa.
Prevalence of dermatitis including allergic contact dermatitis from medical devices used by children and adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and questionnaire study
Authors: von Kobyletzki L. B. , Ulriksdotter J. , Sukakul T. , Aerts O. , Agner T. , Buhl T. , Bruze M. , Foti C. , Gimenez‐Arnau A. , Gonçalo M. , Hamnerius N. , Johansen J. D. , Rustemeyer T. , Stingeni L. , Wilkinson M. , Svedman C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUse of medical devices (MDs), that is, glucose sensors and insulin pumps, in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) has proven an enormous advantage for disease control. Adverse skin reactions from these MDs may however hamper compliance. The objective of this study was to systematically review and analyse studies assessing the prevalence and incidence of dermatitis, including allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) related to MDs used in patients with T1D and to compare referral routes and the clinical investigation routines between clinics being part of the European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG). A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane databases of full‐text studies reporting incidence and prevalence of dermatitis in persons with T1D using MDs was conducted until December 2021. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. The inventory performed at EECRDG clinics focused on referral routes, patient numbers and the diagnostic process. Among the 3145 screened abstracts, 39 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies included data on children only, 14 studies were on adults and nine studies reported data on both children and adults. Participants were exposed to a broad range of devices. Skin reactions were rarely specified. It was found that both the diagnostic process and referral routes differ in different centres. Further data on the prevalence of skin reactions related to MDs in individuals with T1D is needed and particularly studies where the skin reactions are correctly diagnosed. A correct diagnosis is delayed or hampered by the fact that, at present, the actual substances within the MDs are not declared, are changed without notice and the commercially available test materials are not adequately updated. Within Europe, routines for referral should be made more standardized to improve the diagnostic procedure when investigating patients with possible ACD from MDs.
Aphid‐induced phytochemicals in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss. afflicting host preference and bionomics of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)
Authors: Chandrakumara K. , Dhillon Mukesh K. , Singh Naveen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBionomics of an insect and metabolic flux of the host plant are important tools to decipher the status of plant resistance against insect species. This study illuminates vital information on aphid‐induced levels of phytochemicals in the siliquae of Brassica juncea cultivars and their effect on host selection and population growth parameters of Lipaphis erysimi. The current study unveiled that the siliquae preference, intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), gross reproductive rate (GRR) and net reproductive rate (R0) were significantly lower on Pusa Mustard 27, DRMR 150‐35, RLC 3, NRCHB 101, Pusa Mustard 26 and Pusa Mustard 25. However, the mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) of L. erysimi were significantly longer (p < 0.001) in these genotypes. These cultivars were also found with elevated levels of aphid‐induced phytochemicals and their associated enzymes, except in a few cases. Total antioxidants, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, chlorophyll A, total chlorophyll, ascorbate oxidase (AO), catalase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and myrosinase were found to contribute 49.18–85.30% variation for siliquae preference and bionomics of L. erysimi on the test B. juncea cultivars. The study revealed that phenols, antioxidants, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, total carotenoids, AO, ascorbate peroxidase, PAL, tyrosine ammonia lyase and myrosinase had significant and negative direct consequences on the siliquae preference and bionomics, thus can be exploited as biochemical markers to identify sources of resistance against L. erysimi. Furthermore, DRMR 150‐35, NRCHB 101, RLC 3, Pusa mustard 26, RH 749 and Pusa Mustard 27 were found with greater aphid‐induced defence phytochemicals and detrimental effects on the host selection and bionomics of L. erysimi, thus can be deployed in Brassica improvement program.
In‐vivo evaluation of the effects of short‐term dehydration and rehydration on the color differences of immature permanent incisor teeth
Authors: Buldur Mehmet , Misilli Tuğba , Sezer Berkant 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveIt is aimed to evaluate the color changes of upper central incisor teeth with different root maturation levels after 15 min of dehydration and rehydration.Materials and MethodsUsing the Cvek classification, 60 participants were divided into five groups. A spectrophotometer, equipped with a specially designed jig, was utilized for color measurements. Following isolation, color measurements were conducted at the dehydration process intervals of baseline, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, and 15th minutes. After mouth rinsing, measurements were repeated at the same time intervals during the rehydration process. CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) values and the Whiteness Index (WID) were obtained to compare the color changes between the initial readings and each interval. Friedman and Repeated Measures ANOVA were applied to compare classes by time during the dehydration and rehydration periods, as well as ANOVA and Kruskal‐Wallis tests to compare by classes for each time (p < 0.05).ResultsSignificant differences emerged in the mean ΔE00 values during dehydration and rehydration periods across all Cvek Classes (p < 0.05). While no statistically significant differences were observed among Classes at different minutes during the rehydration period (p > 0.05), it was particularly noted that the mean ΔE00 values of Classes 2, 3, and 5 at the 2nd minute of dehydration were statistically significantly higher than the mean of Class 1 (p < 0.05). However, when evaluating the starting and ending measurements of both dehydration and rehydration processes, and the overall change in ΔE00 and ΔWID, no significant variations were detected across the Classes (p > 0.05).ConclusionsIn teeth that have just erupted and are still undergoing root development, dehydration in the initial minutes results in noticeable color changes. However, the change in ΔE00 and ΔWID of the teeth was found to be similar after the dehydration and rehydration processes.Clinical SignificanceAccording to the Cvek classification, the lower color change in Class 1 teeth within the first 2 min of dehydration and the need for more than 15 min of rehydration for immature teeth with an open apex to return to their initial state after a 15‐min dehydration are crucial for clinicians in terms of color assessment timing.
A scoping review of decision‐making tools to support substitute decision‐makers for adults with impaired capacity
Authors: King Seema , Fernandes Brooklynn , Jayme Timothy S. , Boryski Gwenn , Gaetano Daniel , Premji Zahra , Venturato Lorraine , Santana Maria J. , Simon Jessica , Holroyd‐Leduc Jayna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSubstitute decision‐makers (SDMs) make decisions that honor medical, personal, and end‐of‐life wishes for older adults who have lost capacity, including those with dementia. However, SDMs often lack support, information, and problem‐solving tools required to make decisions and can suffer with negative emotional, relationship, and financial impacts. The need for adaptable supports has been identified in prior meta‐analyses. This scoping review identifies evidence‐based decision‐making resources/tools for SDMs, outlines domains of support, and determines resource/tool effectiveness and/or efficacy.MethodsThe scoping review used the search strategy: Population—SDMs for older adults who have lost decision‐making capacity; Concept—supports, resources, tools, and interventions; Context—any context where a decision is made on behalf of an adult (>25 years). Databases included MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Abstracts in Social Gerontology and SocIndex. Tools were scored by members on the research team, including patient partners, based on domains of need previously identified in prior meta‐analyses.ResultsTwo reviewers independently screened 5279 citations. Articles included studies that evaluated a resource/tool that helped a family/friend/caregiver SDMs outside of an ICU setting. 828 articles proceeded onto full‐text screening, and 25 articles were included for data extraction. The seventeen tools identified focused on different time points/decisions in the dementia trajectory, and no single tool encompassed all the domains of caregiver decision‐making needs.ConclusionExisting tools may not comprehensively support caregiver needs. However, combining tools into a toolkit and considering their application relevant to the caregiver's journey may start to address the gap in current supports.
Investigations on lightweight concrete by in situ compression tests using high‐resolution computed tomography (μ‐CT)
Authors: Umbach Cristin , Middendorf Bernhard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe fracture behaviour of concrete is studied in various micro‐ and macro‐damage models. This is important for estimating serviceability and stability of concrete structures. However, a detailed understanding of the material behaviour under load is often not available. In order to better interpret the fracture behaviour and pattern, images of lightweight concrete were taken using a high‐resolution computed tomography (μ‐CT) scanner. The samples were loaded between the taken images and the load was kept constant during the measurement. This study describes the method used and how the data set was analysed to investigate displacements and cracks. It has been shown that displacements and damage to the concrete structure can be detected prior to failure, allowing conclusions to be drawn about the structural behaviour. In principle, the μ‐CT measurement can be used to examine different kinds of concrete as well as other systems with inorganic binders and to compare the fracture behaviour of different systems.
Double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled clinical investigation of peptide OS‐01 for skin rejuvenation
Authors: Zonari Alessandra , Brace Lear E. , Harder Nathaniel H. O. , Harker Claire , Oliveira Carolina R. , Boroni Mariana , Carvalho Juliana L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionSenescent cells contribute to age‐related tissue deterioration, including the skin, which plays important roles in overall health and social interactions. This study aimed to assess the effects of the senotherapeutic peptide, OS‐01 (a.k.a. Pep 14), on skin.MethodsA 12‐week split‐face, double‐blinded, vehicle‐controlled study involving 22 participants was conducted. The OS‐01‐containing formulation was applied to one side of the face, while the other side received an identical control formulation lacking the peptide. Skin characteristics were assessed using instrumental measurements, expert clinical grading, and subjective questionnaires.ResultsResults showed that the OS‐01 formulation significantly improved one aspect of skin barrier function, as evidenced by reduced trans‐epidermal water loss compared to both baseline and vehicle control. Expert grading and Antera 3D image analysis revealed a reduction in wrinkle appearance and indentation in the periorbital area, and improved skin texture and radiance on both sides of the face, with the OS‐01‐containing formulation demonstrating superior results. Participants also perceived improvements in skin hydration, smoothness, radiance, and overall appearance.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the OS‐01 formulation promotes skin health by strengthening the skin barrier, protecting against dehydration, reducing the appearance of wrinkles, and improving skin texture and radiance. These effects are likely attributed to the senotherapeutic properties of OS‐01 in reducing cellular senescence and its associated detrimental effects.
Evidence for minimally invasive treatment—A systematic review on surgical management of disc displacement
Authors: Ulmner Mattias , Bjørnland Tore , Rosén Annika , Berge Trond Inge , Olsen‐Bergem Heming , Lund Bodil 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurgical treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement (DD) has been established in different forms since over a century. Ther is a consensus to perform minimal invasive interventions as first‐line surgical treatment since there are no evidence on best surgical practice yet.ObjectiveThe aim was to perform a complex systematic review (SR) on the topic—is there evidence for surgical treatment of TMJ DD?MethodsThe PICO was defined as DD patients (population), treated with different surgical interventions including arthrocentesis (intervention), compared with other or no treatment (control) regarding the outcome variables mandibular function, mouth opening capacity, TMJ pain, etcetera (outcome). For identification of prospective controlled trials and SRs, a search strategy was developed for application in three databases.ResultsThe search yielded 4931 studies of which 56 fulfilled the stipulated PICO. Studies with low or moderate risk of bias were possible to include in meta‐analyses. There were evidence suggesting arthrocentesis being more effective compared to conservative management (maximum interincisal opening (MIO): p < .0001, I2 = 22%; TMJ pain: p = .0003, I2 = 84%) and arthrocentesis being slightly more effective than arthrocentesis with an adjunctive hyaluronic acid injection (MIO: p = .04, I2 = 0%; TMJ pain: p = .28, I2 = 0%). Other treatment comparisons showed nonsignificant differences. The performed meta‐analyses only included 2–4 studies each, which might indicate a low grade of evidence.ConclusionAlthough arthrocentesis performed better than conservative management the findings should be interpreted cautiously, and non‐invasive management considered as primary measure. Still, several knowledge gaps concerning surgical methods of choice remains.
Skeletal anomalies in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae reared in different densities and water volumes
Authors: Dellacqua Zachary , Di Biagio Claudia , Martini Arianna , Mattei Francesco , Rakaj Arnold , Williams James C. , Fabris Andrea , Izquierdo Marisol , Boglione Clara 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study describes the effects on the skeletal phenotype of two pivotal factors, density and water volume, don the hatchery (larval) phase of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae previoulsy described for two model species (Danio rerio and Oryzias latipes) and sub‐adult (pre‐ongrowing) gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). The experimental trial was conducted using single conditions in a pilot study, starting with a total of 615,385 eggs from the same batch. Three densities (LD low density: 25 larvae/L; MD medium density: 125 larvae/L; and HD high density: 250 larvae/L) and two water volumes (500 and 1000 L) were tested from spawning up to 60 days post‐hatching (dph) (average standard length: 1.79 cm; average dry weight: 27.11 mg). On the final samples, morphometric, anatomical, and histological data were collected for data pertinent to meristic counts and skeletal anomalies. The results (analyzed by means of multivariate analyses) indicated that the LD‐reared larvae were significantly longer and heavier than HD‐reared fish. Furthermore, LD‐reared gilthead seabream exhibited a significant reduction in the frequency of individuals with anomalies of jaws, vertebral body shape, and vertebral arches than the MD and HD conditions, which is in agreement with previous experiments carried out on model species and gilthead seabream sub‐adults.
Epizoic yellow sponge (Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) expansion on living Scleractinian corals in Bintan, Riau Archipelago, Indonesia
Authors: Johan Ofri , de Voogd Nicole J. , Budianto Agus , Peters Sonja , Aljbour Samir M. , Kunzmann Andreas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCoral reef ecosystems in Indonesia are under threat due to changes in the environment driven by global climate change, along with local disturbances such as sedimentation and eutrophication. Consequently, comprehensive coral reef monitoring activities have been initiated at numerous locations across Indonesia. In this study, the findings from coral reef health surveys across 14 reef sites (within 40 hectares) in the Bintan area (Riau Archipelago, Indonesia; 100 km southeast of Singapore) revealed a potentially novel epizoic yellow sponge species (Phorbas sp.) that overgrows coral colonies. This species, tentatively classified as a new Phorbas sp. (order Poecilosclerida: family Hymedesmiidae), was identified through a combined approach employing classical taxonomic methods along with DNA barcoding using the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. At every site, three permanent 20‐m transects were established to annually monitor live coral coverage and species composition between 2014 and 2017. The survey indicated a notable change in the overall coral cover during this period. The abundance of coral diseases was investigated in 2014 and 2017. Additionally, the progress of Phorbas sp., was closely monitored (i.e., every second day for one week) at Bintan Island (site 11) during the dry season in August 2017. This approach aimed to approximate the relative impact of each incident on the coral's condition. The results indicated that the most comprehensive change occurred due to the overgrowth of Phorbas sp., which affected 12 scleractinian coral species across eight genera in almost all sites except one. The abundance of this epizoic sponge infestation was highest at Pulau Beralas Pasir (site 10), constituting 22.9% of all recorded life forms, and lowest at Pulau Pangkil‐Besar (site 13), with only 0.7%. The expansion of the thin yellow sponge tissue was estimated to increase by up to 0.51 ± 0.48 cm2 per day on Porites coral.
Icy ocean worlds, plumes, and tasting the water
Authors: Burchell M. J. , Wozniakiewicz P. J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper considers how space missions that fly through the plumes known, or suspected, to erupt naturally from some icy ocean worlds (IOW), such as Enceladus, or that aim to intercept icy ejecta from impact cratering processes on such bodies can sample the water and ice within the plumes. The mechanics of how grains (either in the plumes or the ejecta) would interact with a passing spacecraft (i.e., impact speeds, shock pressures, etc.) are introduced. The impact speeds are estimated and vary with both the mass of the IOW and the orbital parameters of a space mission. This can lead to large differences in impact speeds (and hence collection methods) at bodies such as Enceladus and Europa. The implications of these different impact speeds (a few hundred m s−1 to several km s−1, and even greater than 10 km s−1) for the collection of organic materials from the plumes are shown to be significant.
Image segmentation using Vision Transformer for tunnel defect assessment
Authors: Qin Shaojie , Qi Taiyue , Deng Tang , Huang Xiaodong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExisting tunnel detection methods include crack and water‐leakage segmentation networks. However, if the automated detection algorithm cannot process all defect cases, manual detection is required to eliminate potential risks. The existing intelligent detection methods lack a universal method that can accurately segment all types of defects, particularly when multiple defects are superimposed. To address this issue, a defect segmentation model is proposed based on Vision Transformer (ViT), which is completely different from the network structure of a convolutional neural network. The model proposes an adapter and a decoding head to improve the training effect of the transformer encoder, allowing it to be fitted to small‐scale datasets. In post‐processing, a method is proposed to quantify the threat level for the defects, with the aim of outputting qualitative results that simulate human observation. The model showed impressive results on a real‐world dataset containing 11,781 defect images collected from a real subway tunnel. The visualizing results proved that this method is effective and has uniform criteria for single, multiple, and comprehensive defects. Moreover, the tests proved that the proposed model has a significant advantage in the case of multiple‐defect superposition, and it achieved 93.77%, 88.36%, and 92.93% for mean accuracy (Acc), mean intersection over union, and mean F1‐score, respectively. With similar training parameters, the Acc of the proposed method is improved by more than 10% over the DeepLabv3+, Mask R‐convolutional neural network, and UPerNet‐R50 models and by more than 5% over the Swin Transformer and ViT‐Adapter. This study implemented a general method that can process all defect cases and output the threat evaluation results, thereby making more intelligent tunnel detection.