bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐border university choice in China's Greater Bay Area
Authors: Xie Xiujuan , Li Danling , Jung Jisun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explored Chinese students' motivations for selecting a cross‐border university in China's Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA) and how they perceive their undergraduate experiences. The GBA was developed as an international economic cluster in China. Despite the vitality of the GBA's international education sector, few studies have focused on individual students' perspectives on cross‐border higher education choices and experiences. We interviewed twenty students and two academics in charge of university admissions about their opinions and reflections concerning a GBA cross‐border university. Students' university choices were linked to different admission profiles, parental influences, institutional features and interactions between students and the institutions. Our study has significant implications for leaders and policymakers in higher education seeking to attract talented university students, improve enrolment and promote students' learning experiences in cross‐border higher education institutions.
Risk of respiratory diseases among hospitalized patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Almuhanna Nouf , Aljughayman Mohammed , Fidler Lee , Alhusayen Raed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a systemic disorder associated with various metabolic and inflammatory comorbidities. Although HS shares risk factors and pathogenic pathways with various respiratory conditions, few studies have explored the relationship between HS and respiratory disease.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional, case‐control, population‐based study that examined the United States National Inpatient Sample database from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2012. HS was identified using ICD‐9‐CM codes during hospital admissions. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate for adjusted associations between HS and respiratory diagnoses as compared to matched controls.ResultsTwenty‐three thousand seven hundred and sixty‐seven hospital admissions for HS were compared with 95,068 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. HS patients had significantly higher adjusted odds of asthma (OR: 1.233; 95% CI: [1.170–1.299]; P < 0.001), chronic airway obstruction (OR: 1.532; 95% CI: [1.419–1.651]; P < 0.001), sarcoidosis (OR: 1.601; 95% CI: [1.157–2.214]; P < 0.001), and sleep apnea (OR: 1.274; 95% CI: [1.182–1.374]; P < 0.001).ConclusionHS is associated with several common forms of respiratory disease. Knowledge of these associations may allow for better recognition of respiratory disease in HS patients.
Reappraisal of psoriasis pathogenesis: the role of TEAD4 expression in keratinocytes
Authors: Shehata Wafaa A. , Hammam Mostafa A. , Elbakly Amani R. , Elkady Noha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is an immune‐mediated inflammatory skin disorder with a multifaceted pathogenesis. Immune dysregulation and immune cell dysfunction are among the mechanisms involved. TEA domain family member 4 (TEAD4) is suggested to play a role in psoriasis development. TEAD4 expression in keratinocytes may have a chemotactic effect and could disturb the function of FOXP3‐positive T lymphocytes. This study aimed to evaluate the expressions of TEAD4 and FOXP3 in lesional, nonlesional psoriatic, and healthy skin and assess the clinical impact of their expression.MethodsThis case–control study included 32 cases with psoriasis vulgaris and 32 control groups. Hematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides were examined to evaluate the histopathological findings. Moreover, other sections were immunohistochemically stained with FOXP3 and TEAD4.ResultsFOXP3 was expressed in inflammatory cells in 56.5, 37.5, and 12.5% of lesional, nonlesional, and healthy skin, whereas it was entirely negative in the keratinocytes. TEAD4 was expressed in keratinocytes in 93.7 and 46.9% of lesional and nonlesional skin, while negative in healthy skin. Significant differences were observed between their lesional, nonlesional, and healthy skin expressions. Furthermore, FOXP3 expression in lesional skin was significantly associated with early onset (P = 0.016), low PASI score (P = 0.002), mild psoriasis (P = 0.007), and axial affection (P = 0.022), while TEAD4 expression was associated with progressive course (P = 0.032), high PASI score (P = 0.002), severe psoriasis (P = 0.001), severe inflammation (P = 0.001), and progressive course (P = 0.017).ConclusionTEAD4 expression was higher in lesional than nonlesional skin and absent in healthy skin, suggesting a role in psoriasis development. TEAD4 expression was also associated with severe and progressive psoriasis. This may be mediated by the downregulation of FOXP3 and dysfunction of Treg cells. TEAD4 could serve as a promising therapeutic target in psoriasis.
A 31‐year follow‐up of those with occult spinal dysraphism, who underwent spinal cord untethering: Lower urinary tract function, skin stigmata, fertility, and work participation
Authors: Kondo Atsuo , Kamihira Osamu , Itoh Tomonori , Gotoh Momokazu , Kato Kumiko 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThis study evaluated patients with occult spinal dysraphism who underwent spinal cord untethering.MethodsTwenty‐four patients who visited us between 1983 and 2000 were followed‐up for a mean duration of 31 years. We studied their lower urinary tract function, skin stigmata, fertility, and work participation.ResultsQuestionnaires sent in 2022 revealed that 5 patients had normal voiding (Group A) and 19 patients had abnormal voiding (Group B). Groups A and B underwent spinal cord untethering at a mean age of 5.7 and 13.0 years, respectively, showing a significant statistical difference (p = 0.036). After spinal cord untethering, the number of patients with detrusor normoactivity increased from 0 to 5, i.e., 3 of 6 with detrusor overactivity (50%), 1 of 2 not examined, and 1 of 5 not known. Patients with detrusor underactivity also increased from 11 to 19. Severity of incontinence in the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short Form resulted in a mean value of 2.4 in Group A, which was significantly superior to the mean value of 9.1 in Group B (p = 0.004). Fourteen patients (58.3%) were married and had 21 healthy children. A majority of patients have had full‐time jobs. A variety of skin stigmata were present in the lumbosacral region, and changes in vesico‐urethral configurations were observed during a video‐urodynamic study.ConclusionsOur study identified that the early timing of spinal cord untethering performed in neonates or infants and detrusor overactivity prior to untethering surgery are important factors in achieving normal bladder function.
A robust computational quest: Discovering potential hits to improve the treatment of pyrazinamide‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Shahab Muhammad , de Farias Morais Gabriel Christian , Akash Shopnil , Fulco Umberto Laino , Oliveira Jonas Ivan Nobre , Zheng Guojun , Akter Shahina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe rise of pyrazinamide (PZA)‐resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) poses a major challenge to conventional tuberculosis (TB) treatments. PZA, a cornerstone of TB therapy, must be activated by the mycobacterial enzyme pyrazinamidase (PZase) to convert its active form, pyrazinoic acid, which targets the ribosomal protein S1. Resistance, often associated with mutations in the RpsA protein, complicates treatment and highlights a critical gap in the understanding of structural dynamics and mechanisms of resistance, particularly in the context of the G97D mutation. This study utilizes a novel integration of computational techniques, including multiscale biomolecular and molecular dynamics simulations, physicochemical and medicinal chemistry predictions, quantum computations and virtual screening from the ZINC and Chembridge databases, to elucidate the resistance mechanism and identify lead compounds that have the potential to improve treatment outcomes for PZA‐resistant MTB, namely ZINC15913786, ZINC20735155, Chem10269711, Chem10279789 and Chem10295790. These computational methods offer a cost‐effective, rapid alternative to traditional drug trials by bypassing the need for organic subjects while providing highly accurate insight into the binding sites and efficacy of new drug candidates. The need for rapid and appropriate drug development emphasizes the need for robust computational analysis to justify further validation through in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Frames and Issue Linkage: EU Trade Policy in the Geoeconomic Turn
Authors: Christou Andrea , Damro Chad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTrading actors like the European Union (EU) are increasingly seen as geopoliticising trade policy, but such assertions may not capture the extent to which the Directorate General for Trade (DG Trade) uses this policy to achieve security objectives. This article investigates changes over time in justifications for trade policy by differentiating between how the EU and DG Trade use frames – articulated in four EU trade strategies with two DG Trade strategic plans and 10 annual management plans – to propose solutions in response to the geoeconomic turn. This article finds that, whilst DG Trade's discourse continues to reflect the dominant market liberal frame, geopoliticising pressures are encouraging the emergence of an EU counter‐frame linking trade to non‐trade issues and a reframing of the counter‐frame that increasingly links trade and security policy. As a result, the EU's framing of trade policy resembles deep geopoliticisation, whilst DG Trade's framing resembles reluctant geopoliticisation.
Nondestructive detection of fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) infestation in Alphonso and Totapuri varieties of mango fruits by thermal imaging technique
Authors: Shoba S. , Pandiyarajan T. , Shashidhar K. C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThermal imaging is a noncontact and nondestructive sensing technique that provides thermal signatures of objects by detecting the infrared radiations emitted by them above 1 K. The nondestructive detection of internal defects and infestations has vast applications in the Food Industry. In the present experiment, a C3 thermal camera (FLIR systems) having a thermal sensitivity of <0.10°C was used for the detection of fruit fly infestation in mango fruits. The healthy mango fruits of both varieties had a uniform surface temperature with a variation of only ±0.1°C. The maximum temperature difference between the healthy and fruit fly infested regions in fruit fly infested Totapuri mango was found to be 4.56°C in the heated and dark conditions. The maximum difference in the surface temperature of 4.3°C was observed between the healthy and infested regions of the infested Alphonso mango under heated and dark conditions. The difference in temperature between the healthy and infested regions of mangoes can be attributed to the changes in the internal structure, thermal properties, and biochemical properties of the healthy and infested regions of the infested mango fruits. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in surface temperature between the infested and healthy regions of fruit fly infested Alphonso and Totapuri mango fruits. This envisages that nondestructive fruit fly infestation in Alphonso and Totapuri varieties of mango fruits can be detected under active thermography.Practical ApplicationsThe quality of mango fruit can be described in terms of external and internal quality. The external quality parameters such as color, size, and weight are usually considered during the sorting of mangoes. The internal defects such as diseases, physiological disorders, and damage due to pests are also significant in mango processing. The visual inspection methods for detecting pest infestation in fruits are nonreliable, time‐consuming, and subjective. Therefore, there is a need for efficient, reliable, and accurate methods to detect fruit fly infestation in mango fruits. A nondestructive method for the detection of fruit fly infestation has the potential to increase fruit quality and acceptability, thereby benefiting processors, traders, and consumers. Thermal imaging has a distinct advantage over other nondestructive quality assessment techniques as it is noncontact, practically feasible, and economically viable.
Reproductive functions and pregnancy outcome in female patients with celiac disease
Authors: Prasad Shubham , Singh Priyanka , Singh Alka , Mehtab Wajiha , Rajput Simple , Dang Sana , Chauhan Ashish , Rajput Mahendra Singh , Kachhawa Garima , Jagannath Soumya , Ahuja Vineet , Makharia Govind K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimAbnormalities in the reproductive functions are often ignored while evaluating a patient with celiac disease (CeD). We evaluated the entire reproductive functions in female patients with CeD.MethodsIn a case control study between 2020 and 2021 using detailed questionnaire, we evaluated reproductive functions (age at menarche, menstrual pattern, fertility, pregnancy outcome and menopause) in biopsy‐proven female patients with CeD of age >10 years. The questionnaire was administered either in person or telephonically. Age‐matched healthy female controls (twice the number) were also recruited.ResultsOf 1086 CeD patients, 470 were females and 288 were included. As compared with controls (n = 586), females with CeD had higher age at menarche (14.6 ± 2.0 vs 13.6 ± 1.5 years; P = 0.001), delayed menarche (30.8% vs 11.4%; P = 0.001), abnormal menstrual pattern (39.7% vs 25.8%; P < 0.001), involuntary delay in conception at > 1 year (33.8% vs 11.8%; P = 0.01), current infertility rate (10.5% vs 5.2%;P = 0.028), and poorer overall pregnancy outcomes (abortion [23.5% vs 12.8%; P = 0.001], pre‐term birth [16.3% vs 3.7%; P = 0.001]).ConclusionsEither one or more aspect of reproductive functions and pregnancy outcome is affected adversely in three‐fourth female patients with CeD.
Using 3D Printing Technology to Design Split‐Piece Sleeve Prosthesis in the Revision Surgery of Tumor‐Type Total Elbow Prosthetic Fractures: A Case Report
Authors: Zhai Kai , Zheng Kai , Xu Ming , Bao Zhe‐ming , Hou Zi‐wei , Yu Xiu‐chun 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundRevision of tumor‐type prosthetic fractures is very challenging in clinical work. Traditional repair methods may not be able to meet the needs of complex cases or cause greater bone damage. Therefore, more effective and reliable solutions need to be found.Case PresentationThis study presents a novel revision technique for managing fractures of tumor‐type total elbow prostheses. A 57‐year‐old female patient was diagnosed with a left distal humeral bone tumor accompanied by pathological fracture and underwent customized tumor‐type total elbow prosthesis arthroplasty. After 5 years, she experienced pain and encountered difficulty in flexing the left elbow while lifting heavy objects. The X‐ray examination revealed a fracture of the distal humeral prosthesis. As a response, the elbow joint was initially explored, and the damaged component of the prosthesis was extracted. Subsequently, we utilized 3D printing technology to design a split‐piece sleeve prosthesis and effectively restored the fractured left distal humerus implant. During the 2‐year follow‐up, The X‐ray demonstrated satisfactory positioning of the prosthesis, which remained securely affixed without any indications of loosening. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) reached 80 points, the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) attained a score of 28 points, and the range of motion of the elbow was measured between 25° and 110°, revealing favorable functional outcomes.ConclusionThe utilization of a 3D printed split‐piece sleeve prosthesis presents a viable clinical treatment strategy for addressing fractures in tumor‐type elbow prostheses.
Electrophysiological correlates of (mis)judging social information
Authors: Wischnewski Miles , Hörberg Michael O. Y. , Schutter Dennis J. L. G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSocial information can be used to optimize decision‐making. However, the simultaneous presentation of multiple sources of advice can lead to a distinction bias in judging the validity of the information. While the involvement of event‐related potential (ERP) components in social information processing has been studied, how they are modulated by (mis)judging an advisor's information validity remains unknown. In two experiments participants performed a decision‐making task with highly accurate or inaccurate cues. Each experiment consisted of an initial, learning, and test phase. During the learning phase, three advice cues were simultaneously presented and the validity of them had to be assessed. The effect of different cue constellations on ERPs was investigated. In the subsequent test phase, the willingness to follow or oppose an advice cue was tested. Results demonstrated the distinction bias with participants over or underestimating the accuracy of the most uncertain cues. The P2 amplitude was significantly increased during cue presentation when advisors were in disagreement as compared to when all were in agreement, regardless of cue validity. Further, a larger P3 amplitude during outcome presentation was found when advisors were in disagreement and increased with more informative cues. As such, the most uncertain cues were related to the smallest P3 amplitude. The findings hint at the possible role of P3 in judging and learning the predictability of social cues. This study provides novel insights into the role of P2 and P3 components during the judgment of social information validity.
The Board of Trade and the regulatory state in the long 19th century, 1815–1914
Authors: 6 Perri , Heims Eva 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHow does regulatory statehood develop from the regulatory work which governments have always done? This article challenges conventional views that regulatory statehood is achieved by transition to arm's length agencies and that it replaces court‐based enforcement or displaces legislatures in favor of less accountable executive power. To do so, we examine the major 19th‐century surge in development of micro‐economic regulatory statehood in Britain, which had followed more gradual development in early modern times. We show that when the transformation of the Board of Trade is understood properly, a richer appreciation emerges of how regulatory statehood is institutionalized generally and of British state‐making in particular. To demonstrate this, we introduce a novel conceptual framework for analyzing and assessing change on multiple dimensions of regulatory statehood, distinguishing depth of regulatory capacity and regulatory capability along six dimensions.
Active representation and equal treatment: The influence of bureaucrats' social background on discrimination
Authors: Raaphorst Nadine , Ashikali Tanachia , Groeneveld Sandra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDrawing on street‐level discrimination literature and representative bureaucracy literature, we theorise that bureaucrats from social groups that have a lower status in society are less inclined to discriminate in evaluating citizen‐clients than bureaucrats from higher status groups. We conducted a 2 × 2 vignette survey experiment among bureaucrats in Dutch street‐level organisations (N = 3109) in various organisational domains. The study shows mixed findings. We found evidence for discrimination and so‐called reverse discrimination, revealing that bureaucrats ascribe more competence to higher status citizens, but lower trust at the same time. We did not find bureaucrats' own status background to matter in their biased evaluations.
Effect of minoxidil combined with triamcinolone acetonide on alopecia areata by microneedle injection
Authors: Wei Fanglin , Cheng jun Cui , Cheng Shasha , Fang Ling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveAlopecia areata (AA) is often characterized by sudden onset of patchy hair loss. Topical corticosteroid injection is the most common treatment. This study retrospectively observed the clinical efficacy of microneedle minoxidil combined with triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of AA.MethodsA total of 230 patients with AA were selected. The experimental group (n = 120) received physician training and home microneedle treatment with minoxidil combined with triamcinolone acetonide once a week. Topical minoxidil and triamcinolone acetonide were used twice daily at other times. The control group (n = 110) was treated with minoxidil combined with triamcinolone acetonide, twice a day. Cure rate, response rate, SALT, dermatological Quality of Life Index (DLQI), visual analogue (VAS), and cost were assessed at weeks 4 and 12.ResultsTreated group SALT score(Severity of Alopecia Tool) remarkable lower than control group after treated 4 and 12 weeks. After 12 weeks treatment, DLQI score of the treated group (1.8 ± 1.67) were significantly lower than those of the control group (2.45 ± 1.88) (p < 0.05). VAS score and adverse reaction between two group showed no significant different (p = 0.823, p = 0.484 respectively). The total cost was 53.93 ± 15.85 in the treatment group and 53.26 ± 11.51 in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.72). In the treated group, the complete response rate (CR: 78.33%) and total effective rate (CR+PR: 95%) were significantly higher than those in the control group (CR: 40.91% and CR+PR: 51.82%), with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001).ConclusionMicroneedle introduction of minoxidil and triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of AA is a safe, effective, economical, and convenient method, with few adverse reactions, and has a good application prospect.
Numerical Analysis of High Frequency Transverse Instabilities in a Can-Type Combustor
Authors: Jella Sandeep , Füri Marc , Katsapis Vasilis 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Dry low emissions (DLE) systems are well-known to be susceptible to thermoacoustic instabilities. In particular, transverse, spinning modes of high frequency may appear, and lead to severe damage in a matter of seconds. The thermoacoustic response of an engine is usually specific to the combustor geometry, operating conditions and difficult to reproduce at the lab-scale. In this work, details of high frequency dynamics (HFD) observed during the early development phase of a new DLE system are provided, where a multipeaked spectrum was noticed during testing. Beginning with an analysis of the measured pressure spectra from three different concepts, an analytical model of the clockwise and anticlockwise transverse waves was fitted to the experimental data using a nonlinear curve fitting approach to produce a simple yet useful understanding of the phenomena. A flamelet-based large eddy simulation (LES) of the entire combustion system was used to complement this analysis and confirm the mode shapes using dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). Both approaches independently identified a spinning second-order mode as the dominant one in the high frequency regime. The LES indicates the coupling of a distortion of swirl profile with a precessing vortex core as a possible cause for the onset of instability. With regard to modeling sensitivities, it is shown that subgrid scale combustion modeling has a strong impact on predicted amplitudes. Ultimately, a thickened-flame model with a modified efficiency function provided consistent results.