bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Xerostomia in Population‐based Samples: A Systematic Review
Authors: Orellana M.F. , Lagravère M.O. , Boychuk D.GJ. , Major P.W. , Flores‐Mir C. , Ortho Cert 
Published: May 2007

Abstract The consequences of xerostomia on oral health have been studied for decades; however, the actual prevalence of this disorder on the general population remains controversial. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence of xerostomia in population‐based samples. Electronic databases were screened for relevant articles and reference lists of pertinent articles were also hand‐searched. Thirteen articles meeting the final inclusion criteria were identified. Based on the definition of xerostomia used in this review, only publications including a subjective diagnosis of the disorder were included. All of the self‐repotted diagnoses were achieved through a questionnaire either by mail, telephone, interview or self‐administered by the patient. There was a variation across papers regarding number and content of the questions as well as guidelines for the diagnosis of xerostomia (i.e. answer yes to one or more than one question). The prevalence of xerostomia in the selected articles ranged from 0.9% to 64.8%. The majority of these studies were performed in Scandinavia. In 9 of the articles, the studied samples were 50 years and older. None of the studies evaluated the prevalence xerostomia among individuals younger than 18 years. Based on these observations, it can be concluded that there is a need for population‐based studies on prevalence of xerostomia in regions other than Scandinavia. A standardized protocol to diagnose xerostomia needs to be developed. Patient‐perceived treatment needs and impact on quality of life should be included to have a complete picture of public health implications of the disease.
Periodontitis and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Exploring the Link in NHANES III
Authors: Novak Karen F. , Taylor George W. , Dawson Dolphus R. , II James E. Ferguson , Novak M. John 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: The authors hypothesized that women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy would exhibit more severe periodontal disease than controls without a history of diabetes during pregnancy. Methods: Data from NHANES III provided information for 4,244 women ages 20–59. One hundred and thirteen had a history of GDM (GDM+), while 4,131 had no history of diabetes before or during their pregnancies (GDM‐). Women were further classified by the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus (DM+ or OM‐) at the time of their NHANES 111 examination. Periodontal disease (PO) was defined as one or more teeth with one or more sites with probing depth ≤4mm, loss of affachment ≤2mm, and bleeding on probing. Results: The PD prevalence among women who were GDM+DM‐ was 9.0% and 4.8% for those who were GDM‐DM‐. PD prevalence for women who were GDM+DM+ was 30.5% and 11.6% for GDM‐DM+ subjects, respectively. A logistic regression model, controlling for age, calculus, smoking, and income estimated women who were GDM+DM+ were more likely to have periodontal disease than women who were GDM‐DM‐ and women who were GDM‐DM+. The GDM+DM‐ group also tended to be more likely to have PD than the GDM‐DM‐ and GDM‐DM+ groups. However, the odds ratios were not statistically significant. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy may be at greater risk for developing more severe periodontal disease than pregnant women without GDM.
Assessment of Dental Caries Predictors in a Seven‐year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Tagliaferro Elaine Pereira da Silva , Pereira Antonio Carlos , Meneghim Marcelo de Castro , Ambrosano Glaucia Maria Bovi 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Objective: To identify, in a group of 6–8‐year‐old schoolchildren, risk factors for dental caries increment in permanent dentition. Methods: Two hundred and six children from three different schools in Piracicaba, Brazil, were examined at baseline and after 7 years by the same two calibrated dentists. Data on dental caries (dmfs, DMFS, presence of initial lesions), fluorosis, oral hygiene and presence of sealant were collected at the clinical examination that was performed in an outdoor setting, under natural light, using a dental mirror and probe following the WHO recommendations. Information on socioeconomic level, fluoride usage, dental service utilization, dietary and oral hygiene habits was also obtained at baseline in a semi‐structured questionnaire sent to the parents. The dependent variable was the 7‐year DMFS increment. A univariate analysis was performed to test the association of independent variables in caries increment. Then a logistic regression model was used to estimate the adjusted Odds Ratio for caries increment. Results: Clinical (dmfs, DMFS) and non‐clinical variables (daily toothbrushing, use of preventive topical methods, parents' educational level) were entered in the multiple logistic regression analysis. The prediction model included the clinical and socioeconomic variables, DMFS, dmfs and mother's educational level. The best caries predictor was the dmfs variable. Conclusion: Caries experience and mother's educational level were predictors of caries increment in permanent dentition.
Associations Between Dental Fluorosis of the Permanent and PrimarvJ Dentitions
Authors: Levy Steven M. , Warren John J. , Broffitt Barbara , Kanellis Michael J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: Relatively little is known about associations between primary and permanent tooth fluorosis. In this study, associations between dental fluorosis of the permanent and primary dentitions were assessed. Methods: Subjects (n=601) are in the Iowa Fluoride Study, which included fluorosis examinations of the primary and early‐erupting permanent dentitions by trained dentist examiners. Relative risks, correlations, and logistic regression assessed associations between permanent tooth fluorosis and primary molar fluorosis. Results: Ten percent had primary molar fluorosis at age 5; 36% had definitive (mostly mild), 28% questionable, and 36% no permanent incisor fluorosis at age 9. Those with primary molar fluorosis were significantly more likely to have definitive permanent incisor fluorosis (76% vs. 32%), and permanent molar fluorosis (59% vs. 16%). The strong association between primary and permanent tooth fluorosis is independent of level of fluoride intake. Conclusions: Detection of primary tooth fluorosis in pre‐school children should alert clinicians and parents to the high likelihood of subsequent fluorosis in the permanent dentition.
The Working Practices and Job Satisfaction of Dental Hygienists in New Zealand
Authors: Ayers Kathryn M.S. , Meldrum Alison M. , Thomson W. Murray , Newton J. Timothy 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: To describe the current working practices and level of job satisfaction of dental hygienists in New Zealand. Methods: Postal survey of all dental hygienists on the New Zealand Dental Council's database. An initial mailing was followed by a 3‐week follow‐up. Information was sought on respondents' demographic characteristics, current occupation and working practice, history of career breaks, continuing education and career satisfaction. Results: 213 responses were received (73.2%); 90.6% were currenfly working as hygienists, mostly in private practice. Many worked part time, particularly those with children. Almost 50% of respondents had taken at least one career break, most frequently for childrearing. The mean time taken in career breaks was 3.6 years. Overall, dental hygienists reported high levels of satisfaction with their careers and their income. Older hygienists had higher career satisfaction scores. Most respondents were actively involved in continuing education. Almost half were interested in expanding the range of procedures they perform. Over one‐third plan to retire within the next 10 years. Conclusions: While many hygienists take career breaks and work part time, most have a high level of career satisfaction, actively participate in continuing education, and are satisfied with their remuneration.
The Views of Dentists, Nurses and Nutritionists on the Association Between Diabetes and Periodontal Disease: A Qualitative Study in a Latino Community
Authors: Koerber Anne , Peters Karen E. , Kaste Linda M. , Lopez Esther , Noorullah Khatija , Torres Izadora , Crawford John M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: To interview health professionals in a Latino community about the association between diabetes and periodontitis, and provide a basis to develop interventions for them to promote oral health and good glycemic control among patients with diabetes. Methods: Five dentists, seven nurses and two nutritionists were interviewed about their practices relevant to oral health and diabetes, knowledge about the association, beliefs about Latinos, recommendations on reaching others in their fields, and barriers. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed qualitatively. Results: Professionals identified policy, community and practice barriers for promoting diabetic control and oral health. Conclusions: Producing a resource list, cross‐educating professionals about diabetes and oral health, training professionals to better serve Latino patients, developing appropriate protocols for each profession regarding the association between diabetes and periodontitis, and educating the community about diabetic control, oral health and disease prevention were identified as potential strategies to improve oral health among Latino persons with diabetes.
Binding of Ceftobiprole and Comparators to the Penicillin-Binding Proteins of
Escherichia coli
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
Staphylococcus aureus
, and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Davies Todd A. , Page Malcolm G. P. , Shang Wenchi , Andrew Ted , Kania Malgosia , Bush Karen 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Ceftobiprole exhibited tight binding to PBP2a in methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
, PBP2x in penicillin-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
, and PBP3 and other essential penicillin-binding proteins in methicillin-susceptible
S. aureus
,
Escherichia coli
, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Ceftobiprole also bound well to PBP2 in the latter organisms, contributing to the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
Identification and Phenotypic Characterization of a β-Lactam-Dependent, Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Strain
Authors: Goldstein Fred , Perutka Jiri , Cuirolo Arabela , Plata Konrad , Faccone Diego , Morris Joanne , Sournia Aude , Kitzis Marie Dominique , Ly Aicha , Archer Gordon , Rosato Adriana E. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Methicillin resistance in
Staphylococcus aureus
is primarily mediated by the acquired penicillin-binding protein PBP 2a, which is encoded by
mecA
. PBP 2a acts together with native PBP 2 to mediate oxacillin resistance by contributing complementary transpeptidase and transglycosylase activities, respectively. In this study, we have investigated a phenotype of β-lactam dependence in a clinical methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
strain (strain 2884D) obtained by in vitro selection with ceftobiprole. 28884D, which grew very poorly in blood agar, required the presence of the β-lactam antibiotics to grow. On the basis of this observation, we hypothesized that a gene or genes essential for growth were dependent on oxacillin induction. Identification and analysis of genes regulated by oxacillin were performed by both real-time reverse transcription-PCR and spotted microarray analysis. We found that
mecA
was constitutively expressed in strain 2884D and that the constitutive expression resulted from perturbations in the two systems involved in its regulation, i.e., MecI/MecR1 (staphylococcal chromosome cassette
mec
type I) and BlaI/BlaR1 (nonfunctional penicillinase operon). PBP 2 appeared to be poorly induced by oxacillin in 2884D. Further analysis of the PBP 2 two-component VraSR regulatory system showed that it was nonfunctional, accounting for the lack of response to oxacillin. Together, these results support the notion that limited PBP 2 availability may have led 2884D to become dependent on oxacillin-mediated
mecA
induction as a required survival mechanism.
Identification and Characterization of a New Metallo-β-Lactamase, IND-5, from a Clinical Isolate of
Chryseobacterium indologenes
Authors: Perilli Mariagrazia , Caporale Bibiana , Celenza Giuseppe , Pellegrini Cristina , Docquier Jean Denis , Mezzatesta Marilina , Rossolini Gian Maria , Stefani Stefania , Amicosante Gianfranco 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

A new natural IND-type metallo-β-lactamase variant, IND-5, was identified in a clinical isolate of
Chryseobacterium indologenes
. IND-5 shared 92.8% and 92.4% amino acid homology with IND-1 and IND-3, respectively. Purified enzyme (pI = 8.8,
M
r
= 25,000) was able to hydrolyze penicillins, some narrow- and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, and carbapenems but not monobactams.
Neutralizing Viruses in Suspensions by Copper Oxide-Based Filters
Authors: Borkow Gadi , Sidwell Robert W. , Smee Donald F. , Barnard Dale L. , Morrey John D. , Lara-Villegas Humberto H. , Shemer-Avni Yonat , Gabbay Jeffrey 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT
We report the capacity of copper oxide-containing filters to reduce infectious titers of a panel of viruses spiked into culture media. Enveloped, nonenveloped, RNA, and DNA viruses were affected, suggesting the possibility of using copper oxide-containing devices to deactivate a wide spectrum of infectious viruses found in filterable suspensions.
Transferable Resistance to Aminoglycosides by Methylation of G1405 in 16S rRNA and to Hydrophilic Fluoroquinolones by QepA-Mediated Efflux in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Périchon Bruno , Courvalin Patrice , Galimand Marc 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Plasmid pIP1206 was detected in
Escherichia coli
strain 1540 during the screening of clinical isolates of
Enterobacteriaceae
for high-level resistance to aminoglycosides. The sequence of this IncFI conjugative plasmid of ca. 100 kb was partially determined. pIP1206 carried the
rmtB
gene for a ribosome methyltransferase that was shown to modify the N7 position of nucleotide G1405, located in the A site of 16S rRNA. It also contained the
qepA
(
q
uinolone
e
fflux
p
ump) gene that encodes a 14-transmembrane-segment putative efflux pump belonging to the major facilitator superfamily of proton-dependent transporters. Disruption of membrane proton potential by the efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide
m
-chlorophenylhydrazone in a transconjugant harboring the
qepA
gene resulted in elevation of norfloxacin accumulation. The transporter conferred resistance to the hydrophilic quinolones norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin.
Selective Inhibition of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Replication in Human Cells by Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates
Authors: Shi Minyi , Wang Xin , De Clercq Erik , Takao Sonshin , Baba Masanori 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT
Several anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors were evaluated for their antiviral activities against porcine endogenous retrovirus in human cells. Among the test compounds, zidovudine was found to be the most active. The order of potency was zidovudine > phosphonylmethoxyethoxydiaminopyrimidine = phosphonylmethoxypropyldiaminopurine > tenofovir ≥ adefovir > stavudine.
Nonnucleoside Inhibitor of Measles Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Complex Activity
Authors: White Laura K. , Yoon Jeong-Joong , Lee Jin K. , Sun Aiming , Du Yuhong , Fu Haian , Snyder James P. , Plemper Richard K. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT
Paramyxoviruses comprise several major human pathogens. Although a live-attenuated vaccine protects against measles virus (MV), a member of the paramyxovirus family, the virus remains a principal cause of worldwide mortality and accounts for approximately 21 million cases and 300,000 to 400,000 deaths annually. The development of novel antivirals that allow improved case management of severe measles and silence viral outbreaks is thus highly desirable. We have previously described the development of novel MV fusion inhibitors. The potential for preexisting or emerging resistance in the field constitutes the rationale for the identification of additional MV inhibitors with a diverse target spectrum. Here, we report the development and implementation of a cell-based assay for high-throughput screening of MV antivirals, which has yielded several hit candidates. Following confirmation by secondary assays and chemical synthesis, the most potent hit was found to act as a target-specific inhibitor of MV replication with desirable drug-like properties. The compound proved highly active against multiple primary isolates of diverse MV genotypes currently circulating worldwide, showing active concentrations of 35 to 145 nM. Significantly, it does not interfere with viral entry and lacks cross-resistance with the MV fusion inhibitor class. Mechanistic characterization on a subinfection level revealed that the compound represents a first-in-class nonnucleoside inhibitor of MV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex activity. Singly or in combination with the fusion inhibitors, this novel compound class has high developmental potential as a potent therapeutic against MV and will likely further the mechanistic characterization of the viral polymerase complex.
Ampicillin-Resistant Non-β-Lactamase-Producing
Haemophilus influenzae
in Spain: Recent Emergence of Clonal Isolates with Increased Resistance to Cefotaxime and Cefixime
Authors: García-Cobos Silvia , Campos José , Lázaro Edurne , Román Federico , Cercenado Emilia , García-Rey César , Pérez-Vázquez María , Oteo Jesús , de Abajo Francisco 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

The sequence of the
ftsI
gene encoding the transpeptidase domain of penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP 3) was determined for 354 nonconsecutive
Haemophilus influenzae
isolates from Spain; 17.8% of them were ampicillin susceptible, 56% were β-lactamase nonproducing ampicillin resistant (BLNAR), 15.8% were β-lactamase producers and ampicillin resistant, and 10.4% displayed both resistance mechanisms. The
ftsI
gene sequences had 28 different mutation patterns and amino acid substitutions at 23 positions. Some 93.2% of the BLNAR strains had amino acid substitutions at the Lys-Thr-Gly (KTG) motif, the two most common being Asn526 to Lys (83.9%) and Arg517 to His (9.3%). Amino acid substitutions at positions 377, 385, and 389, which conferred cefotaxime and cefixime MICs 10 to 60 times higher than those of susceptible strains, were found for the first time in Europe. In 72 isolates for which the repressor
acrR
gene of the AcrAB efflux pump was sequenced, numerous amino acid substitutions were found. Eight isolates with ampicillin MICs of 0.25 to 2 μg/ml showed changes that predicted the early termination of the
acrR
reading frame. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that most BLNAR strains were genetically diverse, although clonal dissemination was detected in a group of isolates presenting with increased resistance to cefotaxime and cefixime. Background antibiotic use at the community level revealed a marked trend toward increased amoxicillin-clavulanic acid consumption. BLNAR
H. influenzae
strains have arisen by vertical and horizontal spread and have evolved to adapt rapidly to the increased selective pressures posed by the use of oral penicillins and cephalosporins.
Safety and Activity of the Immune Modulator HE2000 on the Incidence of Tuberculosis and Other Opportunistic Infections in AIDS Patients
Authors: Stickney Dwight R. , Noveljic Zoja , Garsd Armando , Destiche Daniel A. , Frincke James M. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Twenty-five AIDS patients were treated with HE2000, a synthetic adrenal hormone. The drug was well tolerated and safe and reduced both the incidence of tuberculosis coinfection by 42.2% (
P
< 0.05) and the cumulative incidence of opportunistic infections (
P
< 0.05). These results warrant further clinical investigation of HE2000.
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases of the CTX-M Type Now in Switzerland
Authors: Lartigue Marie-Frédérique , Zinsius Catherine , Wenger Aline , Bille Jacques , Poirel Laurent , Nordmann Patrice 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

The epidemiology of clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) was investigated among infection-associated enterobacterial isolates at the University Hospital in Lausanne, Switzerland, from January 2004 to June 2005. Out of 57 nonrepetitive ESBL producers (prevalence rate of 0.7%), 45 produced CTX-M-like ESBLs. CTX-M enzymes were mostly from clonally nonrelated
Escherichia coli
isolates, from urinary infections and community-acquired infections. Pediatric patients (20 out of 57) accounted for a large number of CTX-M producers. CTX-M-15 was the most frequent CTX-M-type enzyme. The plasmid-located
bla
CTX-M
genes were associated with either IS
Ecp1
or IS
CR1
insertion sequences. This study is the first published report of CTX-M-type β-lactamases in Switzerland.
Recombinant Group B Streptococcus Beta C Protein and a Variant with the Deletion of Its Immunoglobulin A-Binding Site Are Protective Mouse Maternal Vaccines and Effective Carriers in Conjugate Vaccines
Authors: Yang Hsiao-Hui , Madoff Lawrence C. , Guttormsen Hilde-Kari , Liu Yong-Dong , Paoletti Lawrence C. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Immunogenic vaccines against group B
Streptococcus
(GBS) have been created by coupling the GBS capsular polysaccharides (CPS) to carrier proteins. The GBS beta C protein (BCP) serves as an effective carrier while inducing protective immunity against BCP-expressing strains. BCP also binds human immunoglobulin A (IgA), a characteristic that may be undesirable for use in humans. Here, we examined the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant GBS BCP (rBCP), an rBCP modified to eliminate its IgA-binding site (rBCP
ΔIgA
), and their corresponding GBS serotype III CPS conjugates (III-rBCP and III-rBCP
ΔIgA
). Deletion of the IgA-binding site or conjugation to CPS did not alter antigenic BCP epitopes. Recombinant proteins and conjugates elicited specific, high-titered IgG in mice. Antisera to rBCP, rBCP
ΔIgA
, III-rBCP, and III-rBCP
ΔIgA
opsonized GBS strains A909 (Ia/BCP
+
) and H36B (Ib/BCP
+
) for killing by HL-60 cells; antiserum to III-rBCP and III-rBCP
ΔIgA
also opsonized strain M781 (III/BCP
−
). Vaccination of female mice with either rBCP or rBCP
ΔIgA
protected ∼40% of their pups challenged with GBS strain A909. Pups born to III-rBCP- or III-rBCP
ΔIgA
-vaccinated dams survived at rates of 56% and 66%, respectively. Over 90% of pups born to dams that received the type III CPS conjugates survived challenge with GBS strain M781. In summary, rBCP and rBCP
ΔIgA
proteins and the conjugates containing them were immunogenic in mice, inducing both CPS- and protein-specific functional IgG. These results suggest that the rBCP
ΔIgA
could be used as a carrier to augment the immunogenicity of the CPS while expanding coverage to GBS strains bearing BCP.