bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Common Good
Authors: Dagger Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Although the republican tradition abounds with appeals to the common good, republican writers have given scant attention to the analysis of that concept. This remains true, with one notable exception, amongst the ‘civic’ or ‘neo’-republicans of recent years. That exception is Philip Pettit, who has provided the only explicit analysis of the common good amongst republican theorists. Paradoxically, however, the attention that Pettit and others have focused on freedom from domination as the central concern of civic republicanism raises the question of whether they are concentrating on individual freedom at the expense of the common good. If they are, then neo-republicanism may be subject to the communitarian complaints raised against supposedly individualistic liberalism in the 1980s and 1990s. In response, this chapter argues that civic republicanism has the conceptual resources to give the common good its due without abandoning the republican concern with non-domination. These resources are evident in Pettit’s analysis of the common good, especially when that analysis is complemented by appeal to the principle of fair play and centred on the rule of law. The conclusion, then, is that the rule of law is a powerful force for the common good, with freedom from domination understood to be a key element in that good. The rule of law can exert this force, however, only through the exercise of civic virtue—that is, the actions of citizens who are willing to commit themselves, in the spirit of fair play, to the common good.
The Coalition Problem
Authors: Laborde Cécile , Sandven Hallvard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The ideal of non-domination requires the robust absence of arbitrary interference and holds that both individuals and groups can be agents of (dominating) power. These two dimensions of non-domination give rise to the so-called coalition problem, according to which the ideal is incoherent because it entails that everyone is constantly dominated by potential groups that could arbitrarily interfere, if only the wills of their members converged. This chapter does four things. Firstly, it offers an introduction to the debate around the coalition problem. Secondly, it offers an analysis of the problem, and argues that it arises on a particular understanding of social norms. Thirdly, it reviews two prominent responses to the coalition problem and argues that these, whilst successfully demonstrating that non-domination is perfectly possible, miss a central form of coalition-based domination. Fourthly, it offers a different response to the coalition problem, which can capture this form of domination.
Commercial Republicanism
Authors: Taylor Robert S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Commercial republicanism is the idea that a properly structured commercial society can serve the republican end of minimizing the domination of citizens by states (imperium) and of citizens by other citizens (dominium). Much has been written about this idea in the last half-century, including analyses of individual commercial republicans (e.g. Adam Smith and Immanuel Kant) as well as discussions of national traditions of the same (e.g. in America, Britain, France, the Netherlands, and Italy). This chapter reviews five kinds of arguments that have been historically offered for how commercial society so understood advances the republican ideal of non-domination: firstly, by simply realizing non-dominating relationships in the marketplace itself (Instantiation); secondly, by encouraging the growth of a wide middle class that can offer a counterweight to other, dominating classes (Internal Check and Balance); thirdly, by increasing the wealth and power of republics vis-à-vis other, dominating states in the international arena (External Check and Balance); fourthly, by helpfully nurturing bourgeois-civic virtues in republican citizens (Cultivating Virtue); and finally, by transforming dangerous passions into more readily regulable, even socially beneficial material interests (Sublimating Vice). The chapter ends by briefly considering commercial republicanism’s prospects as a continuing research program.
Structural Domination and Social Reproduction
Authors: Gourevitch Alex 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Some have said that neo-republican theory can provide a credible account of neither structural domination nor the social reproduction of domination generally. However, not only can neo-republicans can do each, but the one is tied to the other. Domination exists when one agent has insufficiently controlled power over another agent. If all domination is interpersonal, it appears that structures might create dominating relationships but that there is no domination by structures. However, structural domination does exist when the structures that constitute the dominator’s power also determine the typical exercise of that dominating power. Structures determine the typical exercise of dominating power by creating incentives and constraints that discipline dominators into patterned ways of exercising their power. This structural patterning of dominating power helps explain how relationships of domination reproduce themselves over time. A core example is capitalist exploitation. Markets induce employers to exercise their dominating power by exploiting their employees. Exploitation leads to the reproduction of class structures. The structural determination of how dominators tend to exercise their power is not strict necessitarian causation. It is always possible that the employer will exercise their power capriciously or ‘irrationally’. Regardless, structural domination remains a form of domination because, from the standpoint of the dominated (e.g. worker) the employer’s power is insufficiently controlled. The employer’s capacity to interfere is insufficiently controlled by the worker whether it is exercised capriciously or in a rule-bound, economically rational form.
Overview to The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Analytic Therapy
Authors: Brummer Laura , Cavieres Marisol , Tan Ranil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This volume presents a comprehensive guide to the cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) model. Throughout the volume, there is a balance of established theory and practice alongside a focus on innovation in both direct work with clients and the application of CAT more broadly within teams, organizations, and training, and as a model for leadership. The handbook includes a range of innovations in ‘doing’ and ‘using’ CAT, which are directly applicable for those studying and working in health, social care, and private services, across many specialties encompassing the entire lifespan. This includes: child and adolescent services; working age through to older adults; individuals engaged with mental health services and within forensic and prison populations; and those experiencing physical health and neurological difficulties, both in community and inpatient settings. Given the social and dialogic origins of CAT, this volume acknowledges the importance of wider social, cultural, and political factors that can shape an individual’s understanding of self and other; there are chapters that both apply a CAT understanding to key issues such as racism and social context, and provide a critique to the extent in which CAT engages with these issues in practice. This volume also has a focus on professional standards and governance (encompassing training, supervision, and a competency framework). Throughout the book the editors have endeavoured to include clients’ voices in various different ways, including personal reflections, extracts from actual CATs, and co-produced chapters, to ensure the book holds true to the collaborative nature of CAT.
What Is Social Learning?
Authors: Wild Sonja , Hoppitt William 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers ‘social learning’, broadly defined as learning that is facilitated by observation of, or interaction with, another individual (or its products). Of most interest is social learning that results in ‘social transmission’: the observer adopting behaviour patterns matching those of the demonstrator. It looks at a number of different social learning processes, from simple processes like local enhancement to cognitively complex processes like imitation. Social learning is not always adaptive. Individuals need to employ strategies on when, who, and what is beneficial to copy rather than relying on personal information. A variety of experimental set-ups—ranging from simple diffusion to cross-fostering or translocation studies—in combination with statistical methods such as matrix regressions, network-based diffusion analysis or experience-weighted attraction models provide powerful tools to detect and measure the importance of social learning across species and contexts and identify typical pathways of transmission.
Children as Cultural Explorers
Authors: Gelpí Rebekah A. , Buchsbaum Daphna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Human societies have developed over millennia in a variety of different social and physical environments, accumulating adaptations too complex and interdependent to be developed independently within the span of a single generation. Thus, every child, as a new member of their culture, must be able to learn from others in order to acquire the knowledge necessary to succeed—and every culture requires its children to be successful social learners for tools, technologies, and beliefs to be transmitted to the next generation. In this chapter, the authors examine the range of social learning abilities that children are equipped with, and how these capacities facilitate making inferences when faced with ambiguous and complex information. In particular, by combining their capacity for high-fidelity imitation and for understanding others’ intentions and goals, children can not only learn about a variety of physical causal relationships but also about a society’s norms, traditions, and rituals. Children can also form sophisticated and nuanced beliefs about when to trust others’ testimony, and balance the epistemic and normative value of imitating others when their sources disagree on what to believe or how to act. These characteristics, the authors argue, reflect children’s adaptation to learning within a cultural context, and prompt consideration about the unique role that children may play in cultural learning.
What Constitutes Non-Human Culture and How Is It Studied?
Authors: Schuppli Caroline , Lokuciejewski Emma 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
All human societies have socially transmitted knowledge and behaviour, which makes culture a human universal. However, cultural variation has also been found among a variety of other species, suggesting that culture is a phylogenetic continuum and/or has evolved independently in multiple lineages. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of the conceptual foundations and the tools used to detect and quantify animal culture. Over the last decades, carefully designed experiments in the wild and laboratory have shed light on the cultural capacity of numerous species. Tools to detect animal culture in nature include systematically charting geographic behavioural variation, counting instances of social learning, and reconstructing the spread of cultural variants through populations. Together, these methods showed that culture pervades the lives of animals of a far wider variety of taxa than previously assumed, spans a large range of behavioural domains, and includes behavioural elements of all levels of complexity.
Gender, Women’s Rights, and Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Tripp Aili Mari 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the literature on authoritarianism and women’s rights globally. This literature reveals the contradictory strategies of authoritarian regimes, which may outright repress women and ignore or retract women’s rights while at the same time advancing legal or other reforms that ostensibly support women’s rights. It shows how many such regimes instrumentalize women’s rights in the service of domestic and international agendas, motivated by political, economic, and symbolic gains. State feminism in many parts of the world has produced top-down strategies, sometimes in response to women’s rights activists and movements. However, women and their interests may be sidestepped in the regime’s pursuit of legitimacy and the staying power of the ruling party. The chapter looks at authoritarian regimes historically in the case of Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, China, and Latin America, as well as contemporary dynamics especially in Africa, the Middle East and North Africa.
Religion and Authoritarianism
Authors: Koesel Karrie J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
What is the role of religion in authoritarian regimes? How do authoritarian leaders attempt to manage religious life, and, just as importantly, how do religious communities navigate restrictive environments to pursue their own interests and political goals? This chapter surveys the politics of religion across the authoritarian world and takes stock of what we have learned. It is organized around two central issues. The first explores the promise and peril of organized religion for authoritarian leaders and the diverse toolkit autocrats use to restrict, regulate, and control religious life. The second examines patterns of religion and authoritarian state relations, including how different models of religion and state shape and constrain the political influence of religion and the consequences for religious communities. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future research, especially paying attention to religious actors as influential members of civil society, and how the study of religion contributes to our understanding of comparative authoritarianism.
Biochemical Characterization of Rice Xylan Biosynthetic Enzymes in Determining Xylan Chain Elongation and Substitutions
Authors: Zhong Ruiqin , Phillips Dennis R , Clark Kevin D , Adams Earle R , Lee Chanhui , Ye Zheng-Hua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Grass xylan consists of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that often form domains substituted only with either arabinofuranose (Araf) or glucuronic acid (GlcA)/methylglucuronic acid (MeGlcA) residues, and it lacks the unique reducing end tetrasaccharide sequence found in dicot xylan. The mechanism of how grass xylan backbone elongation is initiated and how its distinctive substitution pattern is determined remains elusive. Here, we performed biochemical characterization of rice xylan biosynthetic enzymes, including xylan synthases, glucuronyltransferases and methyltransferases. Activity assays of rice xylan synthases demonstrated that they required short xylooligomers as acceptors for their activities. While rice xylan glucuronyltransferases effectively glucuronidated unsubstituted xylohexaose acceptors, they transferred little GlcA residues onto (Araf)-substituted xylohexaoses and rice xylan 3-O-arabinosyltransferase could not arabinosylate GlcA-substituted xylohexaoses, indicating that their intrinsic biochemical properties may contribute to the distinctive substitution patterns of rice xylan. In addition, we found that rice xylan methyltransferase exhibited a low substrate binding affinity, which may explain the partial GlcA methylation in rice xylan. Furthermore, immunolocalization of xylan in xylem cells of both rice and Arabidopsis showed that it was deposited together with cellulose in secondary walls without forming xylan-rich nanodomains. Together, our findings provide new insights into the biochemical mechanisms underlying xylan backbone elongation and substitutions in grass species.
An agent-based framework to study forced migration: A case study of Ukraine
Authors: Mehrab Zakaria , Stundal Logan , Venkatramanan Srinivasan , Swarup Samarth , Lewis Bryan , Mortveit Henning S , Barrett Christopher L , Pandey Abhishek , Wells Chad R , Galvani Alison P , Singer Burton H , Leblang David , Colwell Rita R , Marathe Madhav V 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The ongoing Russian aggression against Ukraine has forced over eight million people to migrate out of Ukraine. Understanding the dynamics of forced migration is essential for policy-making and for delivering humanitarian assistance. Existing work is hindered by a reliance on observational data which is only available well after the fact. In this work, we study the efficacy of a data-driven agent-based framework motivated by social and behavioral theory in predicting outflow of migrants as a result of conflict events during the initial phase of the Ukraine war. We discuss policy use cases for the proposed framework by demonstrating how it can leverage refugee demographic details to answer pressing policy questions. We also show how to incorporate conflict forecast scenarios to predict future conflict-induced migration flows. Detailed future migration estimates across various conflict scenarios can both help to reduce policymaker uncertainty and improve allocation and staging of limited humanitarian resources in crisis settings.
Dimensionless numbers reveal distinct regimes in the structure and dynamics of pedestrian crowds
Authors: Cordes Jakob , Schadschneider Andreas , Nicolas Alexandre 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In fluid mechanics, dimensionless numbers like the Reynolds number help classify flows. We argue that such a classification is also relevant for crowd flows by putting forward the dimensionless Intrusion and Avoidance numbers, which quantify the intrusions into the pedestrians’ personal spaces and the imminency of the collisions that they face, respectively. Using an extensive dataset, we show that these numbers delineate regimes where distinct variables characterize the crowd’s arrangement, namely, Euclidean distances at low Avoidance number and times-to-collision at low Intrusion number. On the basis of these findings, a perturbative expansion of the individual pedestrian dynamics is carried out around the noninteracting state, in quite general terms. Simulations confirm that this expansion performs well in its expected regime of applicability.
Political Self-Confidence and Affective Polarization
Authors: Stapleton Carey E , Wolak Jennifer 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEven among those who share the same partisan commitments, some people say they despise the opposing party while others report far less animosity. Why are some people more likely to express hostility toward the opposing political party? We explore how individual-level differences in feelings of self-confidence fuel out-party animosities. Drawing on responses to a module of the 2020 Cooperative Election Study, we show that higher levels of internal political efficacy are associated with greater affective polarization. Those who feel self-assured about their political abilities are more likely to admit severing social ties with those who disagree with them and are more tolerant of discrimination against partisan opponents. In a survey experiment, we confirm that those with greater internal efficacy are also more likely to accept discrimination against a member of the opposing party. Affective polarization is greatest among those who feel the most confident of their ability to influence politics.
Exploring the effects of misinformation and refutations on product valuation
Authors: Selvaggi Roberta , Nayga Rodolfo M , Pecorino Biagio , Pappalardo Gioacchino 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Misinformation can have a significant impact on consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for foods. This study conducted in Italy aims to investigate the effects of misinformation and two types of refutation (tentative and enhanced) on consumers’ WTP using a non-hypothetical experimental auction for ‘blood orange’ [known as Arancia Rossa di Sicilia PGI (Protected Geographical Indication)]. Our findings represent an interesting novelty compared to the past studies since we used for the first time a non-hypothetical approach to reveal difference in WTP values. We found that misinformation significantly affects WTP, but only enhanced refutation was found to be effective in countering this effect.
Super-resolution deep learning reconstruction to improve image quality of coronary CT angiography
Authors: Tomizawa Nobuo , Nozaki Yui , Sato Hideyuki , Kawaguchi Yuko , Kudo Ayako , Takahashi Daigo , Takamura Kazuhisa , Hiki Makoto , Fujimoto Shinichiro , Okai Iwao , Koga Seiji , Okazaki Shinya , Kumamaru Kanako K , Minamino Tohru , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To compare the objective and subjective image quality and diagnostic performance for coronary stenosis of normal-dose model-based iterative reconstruction and reduced-dose super-resolution deep learning reconstruction in coronary CT angiography.

Materials and Methods
This single-center retrospective study included 52 patients (mean age, 68 years ± 10 [SD]; 41 men) who underwent serial coronary CT angiography and subsequent invasive coronary angiography between January and November 2022. The first 25 patients were scanned with a standard dose using model-based iterative reconstruction. The last 27 patients were scanned with a reduced dose using super-resolution deep learning reconstruction. Per-patient objective and subjective image qualities were compared. Diagnostic performance of model-based iterative reconstruction and super-resolution deep learning reconstruction to diagnose significant stenosis on coronary angiography was compared per-vessel using receiver operating characteristics curve analysis.

Results
The median tube current of super-resolution deep learning reconstruction was lower than that of model-based iterative reconstruction (median [IQR], 890 mA [680, 900] vs. 900 mA [895, 900], P = 0.03). Image noise of super-resolution deep learning reconstruction was lower than that of model-based iterative reconstruction (14.6 Hounsfield units ± 1.3 vs. 22.7 Hounsfield units ± 4.4, P &lt; .001). Super-resolution deep learning reconstruction improved the overall subjective image quality compared with model-based iterative reconstruction (median [IQR], 4 [3, 4] vs 3 [3, 3], P = .006). No difference in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in diagnosing coronary stenosis using super-resolution deep learning reconstruction (0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99) and model-based iterative reconstruction (0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.98; P = .98) was observed.

Conclusion
Our exploratory analysis suggests that super-resolution deep learning reconstruction could improve image quality with lower tube current settings than model-based iterative reconstruction with similar diagnostic performance to diagnose coronary stenosis in coronary CT angiography.