bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optic disc morphology and interocular symmetry in children
Authors: Muñoz-Gallego Alicia , Rodríguez-Salgado Martín , López-López Cristina , Torres-Peña José L. , Ortueta-Olartecoechea Ana , De La Cruz Javier , Tejada-Palacios Pilar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
The purpose of the study was to obtain a pediatric reference database for optic disc parameters and interocular symmetry. To ascertain factors that modify these parameters (age, spherical equivalent [SE], and sex).

METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional study. 90 patients aged 5–17 years fulfilled all the inclusion criteria. After a full examination including cycloplegic refraction, all patients underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the papilla using the three-dimensional (3D) scan protocol of the Topcon 3D 2000 OCT device. We provide reference values for optic disc parameters in the pediatric population. We also retrieved interocular symmetry reference values for these parameters.

RESULTS:
The multivariate regression analysis did not reveal variations in any of the optic disc parameters associated with age, sex, or SE (all P ≥ 0.126). The 95th percentile limit for absolute interocular differences for the cup-to-disc area ratio was 0.24. The multivariate regression analysis revealed the absence of a correlation between asymmetry of the optic disc parameters and age, sex, and the interocular difference in SE (all P ≥ 0.105).

CONCLUSION:
Pediatric reference databases for optic disc parameters and ranges of normality for interocular symmetry provide key diagnostic support in diseases that affect the optic nerve.
Congenital superior oblique palsy in a patient with VACTERL association
Authors: Acar Zeynep , Yılmaz Tuğan Büşra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Different types of ophthalmological defects have been reported to be accompanying vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, cardiac malformations, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, and limb anomalies (VACTERL) association. A 7-year-old girl with a history of VACTERL association presented with upward drifting of the left eye and anomalous head posture to the right side and was diagnosed with congenital fourth nerve palsy. We report the first case representing a combination of congenital fourth nerve palsy with VACTERL association.
OCT Macula as a Prognostic Factor in Silicone Oil Tamponade: Post Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: Ambereen Aaliya , Madhivannan Nivean , Nivean Pratheeba D. , Sekaran Sangeetha , Natarajan Madhivannan 
Published: March 2024

Aim:To assess the usefulness of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) as a visual prognostic indicator post retinal detachment (RD) surgery.Methods:15 eyes of 15 patients with rhegmatogenous RD that underwent pars plana vitrectomy and silicone endo tamponade were subject to SD-OCT examination of the macula. BCVA (Best Corrected Visual Acuity) post silicone oil removal at 4 weeks was compared with the SD-OCT findings post primary procedure and 3 groups were created - Group A: 6/6-6/12, Group B: 6/18-6/36, Group C: >6/60.Results:OCT findings observed in each group were as follows, Group A (N = 7): normal study N = 6 (40%), foveal thinning (1), Group B (N = 6): subfoveal fluid (6%), ELM-EZ disruption N = 3 (20%), epiretinal membrane (ERM) with ELM.EZ disruption - 1 (6%), Group C (N = 3): macular detachment N = 2 (13.3%), ERM with subfoveal fluid N = 1. Patients with ELM-EZ disruption had a better visual prognosis when compared to patients with macular detachment or subfoveal fluid on SD-OCT. The influence of ERM was variable.Conclusion:In patients with silicon endo tamponade, SD.OCT serves as a good visual prognostic indicator post RD surgery.
Reviving the Role of Optical Coherence Tomography and Visual Field Analysis as Investigative Tools for Diagnosis of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Rural Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Kumar Mohan Ram , Rinita R. Deborah , Sekhar Reddy Machireddy R. , Srinivasan G. S. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness globally and is characterised by raised intraocular pressure, optic disc cupping, and visual field defects. However, advanced imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) can pick up early changes. Our study aims to examine the role of OCT for the early diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), its correlation with standard automated perimetry, and the diagnostic efficiency of both in POAG patients at a rural tertiary care centre in the Chengelpet District.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective observational study comparing the quantitative measurement of RNFL using OCT with functional loss analysed using the Automated Perimetry Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer in patients with POAG visiting the tertiary health centre in the Chengelpet district in Tamil Nadu. The study was conducted in 92 eyes of 50 patients diagnosed with POAG for 15 months from March 2022 to May 2023.

Results:
Of the 92 eyes of 50 patients, 26 were male patients and 24 were female patients. In total, 21 eyes had no demonstrable visual field defect, 49 eyes had single hemifield defect and 22 eyes had both hemifield defect. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for OCT RNFL layer measurement in patients diagnosed with visually confirmed ONH changes was 1.00, which was highly significant (P value = 0.01) and correlated well with the type of visual field defect with Humphrey's automated perimetry, suggesting significant correlation between the two. OCT-RNFL measurements are better diagnostic tests than standard automated perimetry for the early detection of glaucoma.

Conclusion:
Both OCT RNFL and Humphrey's automated visual field analysis play a most crucial role as an investigative modality for early diagnosis of POAG; however, OCT has an added advantage of detecting early glaucoma changes even without visible field changes and hence useful for very early detection of POAG in a tertiary care centre.
An Observational Study to Compare the Intraocular Pressure between Systemic Hypertensive and Normotensive Patients Attending the Ophthalmology Outpatients Department at a Tertiary Care Centre in Gwalior City
Authors: Dubey Harshita , Shakya Devendra K. , Kujur Rashmi , Shukla Durgesh 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Glaucoma and hypertension are asymptomatic in their initial stages. However, management of blood pressure (BP) and intraocular pressure (IOP) may improve the treatment and visual prognosis of glaucoma. The interaction between BP and IOP is related to the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), which is an important factor in blood flow to the optic nerve. Therefore, this study aims to compare the IOP in non.glaucomatous patients between the systemic hypertensive group and the normotensive group.

Material and Methods:
The present observational comparative study was conducted on 80 systemic hypertensive and 80 normotensive patients visiting the outpatient department (OPD) of the ophthalmology department at a tertiary care centre in Gwalior City between April 2023 to July 2023. IOP was measured using a non.contact tonometer and BP with a digital machine attached to the patient's left arm in the sitting position by taking two readings during the same visit of the day, and an average value was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS for Windows, Version 23.0 (IBM® Corporation, New York, United States). The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Chi.square test, Levene's test, independent samples t-test, Welch's t-test One-Way ANOVA, and Tukey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test were applied. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
In the present comparative study, 80 cases and 80 controls were taken with the average age of the cases being 62.64 ± 6.85 years, and among the controls the average age was 59.99 ± years. Among the cases, 76.2% had raised systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 47.5% had raised diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The average IOP among the cases for the right eye was 18.81 ± 4.10, while the average IOP among the controls for the right eye was 13.83 ± 2.83. IOP for the left eye among the cases was significantly higher among the cases (17.86 ± 4.27) as compared with the controls (14.33 ± 3.32). There was a significant variation in IOP in the systemic hypertensive group.

Conclusion:
This study revealed a positive relationship between BP and IOP. The tendency of increase in IOP was relatively greater in patients with uncontrolled hypertension, that is, for SBP >140 mmHg and DBP >90 mmHg. Our findings suggest that lower systemic BP is associated with lower IOP at presentation, which can further prevent the risk of developing glaucoma.
Highlights of the 2022 Amendment to the Taiwan Mental Health Act
Authors: Cheng Kai-Da , Chou Frank Huang-Chih 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Each country has each mental health act (MHA), which usually responds to the need of the society. Without exception, Taiwan has been through the enacting and amending the MHA since 1990.

Methods:
In the review, the authors intend to recount and to describe enacted or amended MHA in Taiwan. They are focusing on 2022 amendment to the MHA in Taiwan.

Results:
In Taiwan, the MHA with 52 articles was enacted in 1990, aiming at preventing and treating mental illnesses, safeguarding patient rights, promoting patient welfare, enhancing national mental health, as well as maintaining social harmony and tranquility. After several minor amendments, a significant revision took place in 2007. Since 2007, the focus of amendment to MHA was shifted from originally preventing and treating mental illnesses and protecting patient rights, to the addition of avoiding the stigmatization of mental illnesses. The goal of maintaining social harmony and tranquility was removed, but support and assistance for patients in community living were emphasized. The United Nations’ “Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities” (CRPD), announced in 2006, serves as a crucial benchmark for the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities internationally. Taiwan’s implementation law for the CRPD was promulgated in 2014. According to the spirit of the CRPD, the 2022 Amendment to the MHA in Taiwan is intended to enhance the protection of the rights of patients with mental illnesses, to strengthen community support for patients, and to assist them in achieving equal living with others. The 2022 amended MHA in Taiwan comprises seven chapters and 91 articles, with key focuses on (a) promoting mental health, (b) establishing community mental health centers and diverse community support, (c) improving patient assistance and front-end prevention, strengthening patient reporting, and establishing crisis management mechanisms, (d) changing the approach to mandatory hospitalization treatment to involve judicial reservation, and (e) safeguarding patient rights, prioritizing criminal proceedings in cases of homicide and injury, and preventing stigmatization.

Conclusion:
The 2022 Amendment to the MHA in Taiwan is dedicated to more comprehensively caring for individuals with mental illnesses when concurrently safeguarding their rights, aligning with the modern societal emphasis on mental and physical health.
Psychometric Propensities of the Traditional Chinese Version of Gay Community Stress Scale-Cognition Subscale
Authors: Chou Wei-Po , Lin Chung-Ying , Yen Cheng-Fang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
In this study, we intended to examine the psychometric propensities of the traditional Chinese version of the Gay Community Stress Scale-Cognition subscale (GCSS-C) for measuring gay community stress experienced by gay and bisexual men (GBM) in Taiwan.

Methods:
Totally 736 GBM participated in this study and completed the traditional Chinese version of the GCSS-C, the Measure of Internalized Sexual Stigma for Lesbians and Gay Men (MISS-LG), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Scale (STAI-S), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).

Results:
In exploratory factor analysis, we found that a five-factor structure (i.e., Sex, Status, Competition, Exclusion, and Externals) for the 32-item traditional Chinese version of the GCSS-C among Taiwanese GBM had significantly positive correlations in validity with MISS-LG (p < 0.001), STAI-S (p < 0.001), and CES-D (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The traditional Chinese version of GCSS-C has been found to have satisfactory psychometric properties in this study.
The Association between Internet Addiction and Suicide Ideation: Comparison between Soldiers and College Students in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Hung-Yi , Tai Yueh-Ming 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
To explore the association between Internet addiction and suicide ideation, we introduced the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide as a potential model to understand Internet addiction and suicidality. In addition, we intended to identify differences between genders and between subgroups of soldier and student in this association.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional survey study of 661 participants, comprising military personnel (n = 399, 60.36%) and college students (n = 262, 39.64%). Several copies of anonymous questionnaire were used to assess variables, including Internet addiction, anxiety, depression, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, acquired capability for suicide, and suicide ideation.

Results:
We found that 18% of participants (119 out of 661) met the criteria for Internet addiction. Internet addiction was significantly associated with higher anxiety (p < 0.001), significantly more severe depression (p < 0.001), significantly more perceived burdensomeness (p < 0.001), and significantly more perceived suicidal ideation (p < 0.001). Significant differences in study participants existed in genders (p < 0.001) and between the soldier and student groups (p < 0.001). In regression analyses, we found general associations between specific facets of Internet addiction, for example, compulsive use, and components of the interpersonal theory and thwarted belongingness of suicide.

Conclusion:
Internet addiction is linked to worse mental health and suicidality. Understanding the connections between Internet addiction and models such as the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide can inform prevention and treatment approaches for vulnerable groups.
Effects of Rutaecarpine on Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Through Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain-like Receptors and Inflammasomes
Authors: He Yong , Wang Xin , Chen Li-Sheng , Chang Lei , He Ting-Ting , Zhang Ao-Zhe , Li Hao-Tian , Wei Shi-Zhang , Jing Man-Yi , Zhao Yan-Ling 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a complex and burdensome disease. However, side effects and compliance issues cannot be ignored due to the long treatment cycle. Numerous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of rutaecarpine (RUT) for treating digestive dysfunction. However, the potential mechanism of action of RUT in the context of CAG treatment remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of RUT in 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine-induced CAG using network pharmacology, metabolomics, and traditional pharmacological approaches.

Materials and Methods:
Pathological tests and ELISA assays were used to observe the therapeutic effects of RUT treatment on CAG. Differential metabolites were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and metabolism-related target genes were enriched. The same target genes were identified between RUT and CAG diseases. The intersectional target genes were uploaded to Cytoscape for enrichment, and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway was selected to validate the mechanisms of the study. Finally, cell pyroptosis status was evaluated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay, and the expressions of associated proteins of the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway were assessed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.

Results:
RUT alleviated gastric mucosal damage and significantly downregulated indicators associated with inflammation and gastric atrophy. A total of 29 intersection target genes was identified, and core pathways were obtained. The NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and pyroptosis status were selected to validate the mechanisms of RUT treatment in CAG rats. The expression of NOD-related proteins and downstream factors was downregulated in the RUT group.

Conclusions:
RUT exerts a pharmacological effect on relieving gastric damage in CAG rats by inhibiting NOD-like receptors and inflammasomes.
PERINATAL AUTOPSY AND PLACENTAL EXAMINATION AN IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION TO DIAGNOSIS AND FOLLOW-UP AFTER A FETAL LOSS
Authors: Osterheld Maria-Chiara 
Published: March 2024

Fetopathology is the study of fetal deaths or eventually developmental anomalies occurring during early or late pregnancy. The major objectives of the fetal or perinatal autopsy are to evaluate gestational age, document growth and development, detect congenital abnormalities, analyze clinical diagnosis and treatment and determine the cause of death and possible recurrence risk. It must be associated to the analysis of the placenta to respond to questions concerning the cause of death or risks of recurrence in a subsequent pregnancy. The analysis follows a well-developped protocol and the results have to be interpreted by a multidisciplinary group including the obstetrician, the genetist, the neonatologist and the pathologist.
POVREDE GLAVE U DEČIJEM UZRASTU
Authors: Raičević Mirjana , Mrdak Milan , Radovanović Maša , Pantić Dragana 
Published: March 2024

Značajan uzrok invaliditeta i smrti u dečjem uzrastu čine povrede glave. Studije pokazuju da prosečna incidenca klinički značajnih povreda glave u dečjem uzrastu iznosi 185 na 100000 dece, pri čemu incidenca opada sa uzrastom. Dečaci se povređuju oko dva puta češće od devojčica. Mehanizam povređivanja je različit. Istraživanja su pokazala da uzrast deteta igra značajnu ulogu u patofiziologiji i ishodu neurotraume kod dece. Kod prenatalnih povreda najčešći uzroci su oni koji dovode do produženog pritiska na glavu u porođajnom kanalu kao što su karlična prezentacija ploda, cefalopelvična disproporcija, produžen porođaj ili korišćenje forcepsa ili vacuum ekstraktora prilikom porođaja. U periodu novorođenčeta i odojčeda pored padova (iz kreveca, stola za prepovijanje, „nosiljke“, kolica , iz naručja...) "abusive head trauma" je značajan je neurotraume. U predškolskom uzrastu padovi čine najčešći mehanizam nastanka povrede glave, dok su padovi i saobraćajne nesreće zajednički uzroci nastanka neurotraume kod dece između 4 i 14 godina. Dominantan uzrok povređivanja glave kod dece starosti 14 do 18 godina je saobraćajni traumatizam. Neurotrauma obuhvata kontuziju glave, komociju mozga i kontuziju mozga. Prelomi lobanje se dele na prelome svoda i prelome baze. Najčešće se radi o prostim, linearnim prelomima koji su u oko 30% asimptomatski. Težina neurotraume je pre svega uslovljena krvarenjem i povredom mozga. Za procenu težine povrede glave najčešće se koristi „Glasgow „ coma scala (GCS). Svrha početne procene stanja povređenog je od izuzetne važnosti. Definisanje vrste i težine povrede glave daje smernice za izbor početnih terapija kao i planiranje i koordinaciju drugih dijagnostičkih i terapijskih postupaka.
Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Discourse on Omicron Vaccination in the USA Using VADER and BERT
Authors: Marrapu Satvika , Senn Willam , Prybutok Victor 
Published: March 2024

Amid the rapidly evolving discussions surrounding the Omicron vaccination, this research leverages data from Twitter, focusing on the USA, from March 2022 to March 2023. Harnessing the capability of the snscrape Python library, a comprehensive dataset of tweets was collated and subsequently subjected to rigorous sentiment analysis techniques. Two primary methodologies were adopted: The Valence Aware Dictionary for Sentiment Reasoning (VADER) and the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model. The data underwent preprocessing, which included the removal of URLs, HTML tags, mentions, and stop words. Using VADER, the tweets were initially labeled, forming the foundational layer for training the BERT model. Following tokenization, data batching, and model construction, the BERT model was trained and subsequently evaluated. Results illuminated a multifaceted landscape of emotions in discussions related to the Omicron vaccination during the study period. Furthermore, a discernible relationship was identified, highlighting the emotional flux in vaccine-related Twitter dialogues throughout the Omicron period. This study provides valuable insights into public sentiment during a crucial juncture of the pandemic and underscores the potential of contemporary NLP tools in gauging public opinion.

Received: 9 January 2024 | Revised: 12 March 2024 | Accepted: 28 March 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Author Contribution Statement
Satvika Marrapu: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Project administration. William Senn: Conceptualization, Validation, Writing - review & editing, Supervision, Project administration. Victor Prybutok: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Writing - review & editing, Supervision.
Deprem bölgesinde yaşayan gebelerin yaşadıkları stresin, gebeliği algılama durumlarına etkisi
Authors: Bakır Emine , Dağlı Elif , Aktaş Reyhan Feyza , Topkara Nilüfer 
Published: March 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı deprem bölgesinde yaşayan gebelerin yaşadıkları stres ve gebeliği algılama durumlarına etkisini değerlendirmektir.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırma, 22.05.2023-20.10.2023 tarihleri arasında Hatay İlinde bulunan özel bir hastanede gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini bu tarihler arasında Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Polikliniğine başvuran gebeler, örneklemini ise 235 gebe oluşturmuştur. Veriler; Kişisel bilgi formu, Gebelerin Kendini Algılama Ölçeği ve Deprem Sonrası Stres Düzeyini Belirleme Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Gebelerin en yüksek oranda üniversite mezunu (%44,3) ve çalışmadığı (%68,8), belirlenmiştir. Gebelerin depremde evinin hasar gördüğü (%56,5), %84,8’i depremden sonra ev ya da yakının evinde kaldığı ve %15,2’sinin ise çadır ya da konteynırda kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Deprem sonrası travma ölçeği genel puanları ortalaması 56,62±16,63’dür.Gebeliğe Ait Annelik Algısı alt boyut puan ortalaması 8,92±9,41 iken Gebeliğe Ait Beden Algısı alt boyut puan ortalaması 9,41±3,14 olarak saptanmıştır. Kadınların Gebeliğe Ait Annelik Algısı ile depremden sonra travma ölçeği heyecansal sınırlılık arasında pozitif yönde ancak düşük düzeyde anlamlı ilişki elde edilmiştir (r=0.183, p