bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research and Therapeutics
Authors: Smith Austin E. 
Published: October 2006

Progressive therapeutics depends on research, but at the same time it is a marked stimulant for promoting research. Through research will come much of the post-war advancement which may occur in medicine and allied sciences, drug manufacturing and educational centers. Success and survival will depend not only on cooperation, leadership and a shrewd business sense but on an adequate appreciation of opportunities, limitations and the value of fostering research by providing grants and fellowships. Much material assistance can be provided with mutual gain for all participants when such fellowships are established. This gain may extend past current problems into lifelong associations. If the manufacturer recognizes his opportunities and obligations and forges ahead to challenge or accept them instead of remaining on the defensive, there will be less likelihood of being fettered by purblind policies. Each one interested in research and therapeutics has responsibilities peculiar to himself, but there are few, regardless of occupation, who, at the completion of a job well done, does not feel as Pasteur, who said of the researcher:
It is indeed a hard task when you believe you have found an important scientific fact and are feverishly anxious to publish it, to constrain yourself for days, weeks, years sometimes, to fight with yourself, to try to ruin your own experiments and only to proclaim your discovery after having exhausted all contrary hypotheses.
But when, after so many efforts, you have at last arrived at certainty, your joy is one of the greatest which can be felt by a human soul, and the thought that you will have contributed to the honor of your country renders that joy still deeper.
The Natural Occurrence of Riboflavin Deficiency in the Eyes of Dogs
Authors: Spies Tom D. 
Published: October 2006

In four dogs, the diarrhea, increased salivation and mucous membrane lesions characteristic of black-tongue were relieved within 24 hours following the administration of 150 mgs nicotinic amide, whereas the lacrimation, photophobia and extreme injection of the eye vessels did not diminish. These severe eye lesions regressed greatly 24 hours after the injection of 50 mgs of riboflavin, and in 72 hours had disappeared.
The simultaneous occurrence of nicotinic acid and riboflavin deficiency in four dogs is evidence that such deficiencies occur as mixed diseases rather than as single entities.
These findings are further evidence of the universality of nutritional deficiencies, since they suggest that deficiency diseases among the pets of families with deficiency diseases are not uncommon. In at least one instance the finding of nutritional deficiencies in a dog eating scraps from the family table led to a better understanding of the ill health of the family, none of whom had diagnostic lesions of deficiency disease at the time, although they all complained of weakness, nervousness, irritability and loss of appetite—the vague and ill-defined symptoms characteristic of deficiency diseases in the early stages.
Electronic Conduction in Biphenyl Liquid Crystals
Authors: Kurotaki Kensuke , Haruyama Hideaki , Takayashiki Yukiko , Hanna Jun-ichi 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
A series of 4-alkyl-4′-alkoxylbiphenyls, which are one of the representative calamitic liquid crystals having a small aromatic core moiety, has been synthesized and their charge carrier transport properties are characterized in order to examine how small the core size can be for a high mobility. The biphenyls exhibit both smectic B and E phases and the hole transport characterized by a high mobility of 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the smectic mesophases. The mobility depends on temperature in both smectic phases, and furthermore it depends on the electric field in the smectic E phase. The fact that such a small molecule of biphenyl exhibits the mobility comparable to those of triphenylenes and TPD (N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine) gives an insight into the molecular design of high mobility liquid crystalline materials.
“Emergency” laryngectomy and stomal recurrence
Authors: Griebie Matthew S. , Adams George L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe data on 281 patients who underwent surgical therapy for laryngeal carcinoma from 1976 through 1984 were reviewed, revealing 16 patients who presented with an impending obstruction of the airway that was treated by an “emergency” laryngectomy. A review of the patients in our series did not reveal any serious complications from the procedure and it has allowed effective management of these advanced neoplasms.In addition, 10 patients who developed peristomal recurrences were reviewed. Preoperative factors such as location of lesion, antecedent surgery, and previous radiation therapy were assessed and compared to the patients who underwent “emergency” laryngectomy in an attempt to further define risk factors involved in peristomal recurrence. A strong association with subglottic extension was noted. Also associated in this review was antecedent full‐course radiation therapy.
Treatment of metastatic neck nodes secondary to an occult epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Bataini J. P. , Rodriguez J. , Jaulerry C. , Brugere J. , Ghossein N. A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOne hundred thirty‐eight patients, who were followed for a minimum of 5 years, had either surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (48 patients) or radiotherapy only (90 patients) for metastatic epidermoid carcinoma in cervical nodes from an unknown head and neck primary. All received radiotherapy to the presumed occult sites. Forty‐five percent presented with a single unilateral adenopathy. Those who were initially operable had a neck recurrence rate of 17% and a survival rate of 53%. Forty‐three percent of initially inoperable patients recurred and only 25% survived. Patients with adenopathy which completely regressed or became resectable after irradiation had an 80% locoregional control. Only 4% developed an overt cancer at an occult site within 5 years.Whenever possible, combinations of surgery and radiotherapy should be used in treating these patients. To decrease morbidity, prophylactic irradiation of occult sites should be individualized according to location of cervical nodes and the patient's life‐style and socioeconomic conditions.
Biochemical characterization of autologous fibrinogen adhesive
Authors: Weisman Robert A. , Torsiglieri Arthur J. , Schreiber Alan D. , Epstein Gordon H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFibrinogen‐based adhesive, derived from pooled human plasma, has been used in Europe with great success in otologic surgery, but has not been approved for use in the U.S. because of the risk of transmitting hepatitis. Autologous fibrinogen, derived by polyethylene glycol precipitation from the blood of an individual patient would avoid this risk, and has been shown to be relatively safe to the ear in animal studies. A study of the biochemical composition of this autologous fibrinogen concentrate derived from 15 human volunteer donors was performed. The mean starting plasma fibrinogen was 2.12 mg/ml (range 1.59–3.22 mg/ml). When 10% polyethylene glycol was used to precipitate the fibrinogen, the concentrate contained, on the average, 31.8 mg of fibrinogen/ml. The percent yield averaged 54.9%, and the protein in the final product was 91.9% fibrinogen. Increasing the polyethylene glycol concentration in the precipitation process to as high as 15% resulted in an increased yield as high as 91%, but the protein in the final product was only 42.5% fibrinogen. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed that the predominant protein in the 10% polyethylene glycol precipitate was fibrinogen.These data suggest that highly concentrated fibrinogen can be derived with relative ease from single donor human plasma, and that the product is relatively pure. When combined with thrombin and calcium chloride, this concentrate should provide an adhesive that avoids the risks associated with fibrinogen adhesive derived from pooled blood.
One‐Step Electrochemical Immunoassay for Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Human via Back‐Filling Immobilization of Gold Nanoparticles on DNA‐Modified Gold Electrodes
Authors: Tang Dian‐Quan , Zhang Da‐Jun , Tang Dian‐Yong , Ai Hua 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new amperometric immunobiosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determination in human serum was developed via encapsulation of horseradish peroxidase‐labeled carcinoembryonic antibody (HRP‐anti‐CEA) in a gold nanoparticles/DNA composite architecture. The presences of gold nanoparticles provided a congenial microenvironment for the immobilized biomolecules and decreased the electron transfer impedance, leading to a direct electrochemical behavior of the immobilized HRP. The formation of the antibody–antigen complex by a simple one‐step immunoreaction between the immobilized HRP‐anti‐CEA and CEA in sample solution introduced a barrier of direct electrical communication between the immobilized HRP and the gold electrode surface. Under optimal conditions, the current change obtained from the labeled HRP relative to H2O2 system was proportional to the CEA concentration in two linear ranges from 0.5 to 15 ng/mL and 15 to 300 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL (at 3δ). The precision and reproducibility are acceptable with the intraassay CV of 6.3% and 4.7% at 8 and 60 ng/mL CEA, respectively. The storage stability of the proposed immunosensor is acceptable in a pH 7.0 PBS at 4 °C for 9 days. Moreover, the proposed immunosensors were used to analyze CEA in human serum specimens. Analytical results of clinical samples show the developed immunoassay has a promising alternative approach for detecting CEA in the clinical diagnosis.
Cobalt Phthalocyanine Molecular Electrode for the Electrochemical Investigation of the Release of Glutathione upon Copper‐Catalyzed Decomposition of S‐Nitrosoglutathione
Authors: Sehlotho Nthapo , Griveau Sophie , Nyokong Tebello , Bedioui Fethi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDecomposition of S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in phosphate buffer solution at physiological pH 7.4 in the presence of cuprous ion as a catalyst and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent is analyzed by observing the transient apparition of reduced glutathione GSH through its electrooxidation. Transient formation of GSH, upon decomposition of 1 mM GSNO in presence of 0.025 mM Cu(NO3)2 and 1 mM NaBH4 was detected by using an ordinary pyrolytic graphite electrode modified with an adsorbed monolayer of cobalt phthalocyanine at 0 V vs. SCE.
Generation of ultra‐fast laser pulses using nanotube mode‐lockers
Authors: Rozhin A. G. , Scardaci V. , Wang F. , Hennrich F. , White I. H. , Milne W. I. , Ferrari A. C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe report a simple way to fabricate a high optical quality single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite. The composites demonstrate strong saturable absorption at ∼1.5 μm, the spectral range for optical communications. These are used as mode‐lockers in a fiber laser. We achieve ∼713 fs pulse generation and up to 8 mW output power. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
1‐Density operators and algebraic version of the Hohenberg–Kohn theorem
Authors: Panin A. I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInterrelation of the Coleman's representabilty theory for 1‐density operators and abstract algebraic form of the Hohenberg–Kohn (HK) theorem is studied in detail. Convenient realization of the HK set of classes of 1‐electron operators and the Coleman's set of ensemble representable 1‐density operators is presented. Dependence of the HK class structure on the boundary properties of the ground‐state 1‐density operator is established and is illustrated on concrete simple examples. An algorithm of restoration of many electron determinant ensembles from a given 1‐density diagonal is described. A complete description of the combinatorial structure of Coleman's polyhedrons is obtained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Simulation of a push belt CVT considering uni‐ and bilateral constraints
Authors: Geier T. , Foerg M. , Zander R. , Ulbrich H. , Pfeiffer F. , Brandsma A. , van der Velde A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this paper, a two dimensional hybrid model of a continuously variable transmission with push belt is provided. The system is characterized by a large number of contacts with impacts and friction. These interactions are modeled by uni‐ and bilateral constraints also considering friction. The established equations of motion are integrated numerically by a time‐stepping algorithm. The simulation model allows for the computation of the dynamics of the push belt and all contact forces.
Human breast cancer cell lines and tissues express tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)
Authors: Adams Lisa M. , Warburton Michael J. , Hayman Alison R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is expressed by osteoclasts, macrophages and dendritic cells. TRAP has been identified in a wide variety of tissues, however, its biological function is not fully understood. Serum TRAP is a marker of diseases involving excessive bone resorption including metastatic bone disease in breast cancer patients and can be used to monitor responses to treatment. Our aim in this study was to determine whether TRAP is expressed by human breast tumours. Four breast cancer cell lines were assayed for TRAP activity. MDA‐MB‐435, the most tumourigenic line, had an activity twofold higher than the other cell lines. Immunohistochemistry using a TRAP specific antibody confirmed that both cell lines and human breast tumours express TRAP. Expression was absent in benign tissues and abundant in more aggressive tumours. This work suggests that tumour derived TRAP contributes to the raised enzyme activity found in the serum of breast cancer patients.
Mechanobiology and force transduction in scars developed in darker skin types
Authors: Quatresooz Pascale , Hermanns Jean Francois , Paquet Philippe , Piérard Gérald E. 
Published: October 2006

Background: Scarring is a complex process involving many cell types, cytokines and biological pathways including mechanobiology. Some subtle mechanical properties of skin can be assessed by measuring the speed of ultrasound shear wave propagation. The orientation of abnormal skin tension forces can be visualized, particularly in darker skin types, using dermoscopy showing distinct patterns of rete ridges' conformation.Aim: To assess some mechanobiological features of scars in darker skin types.Patients and methods: Large atrophic and hypertrophic surgical scars were examined on the trunk of 35 darker skin subjects. The surrounding skin was used as a comparator. Dermoscopic aspects were recorded. Resonance running time measurements (RRTM) were performed using a shear wave propagation device (Reviscometer®). They were performed in four specific directions at given angles with regard to the long axis of the scar. The minimum, maximum and mean RRTM values were recorded at each site.Results: Dermoscopy revealed patterns of melanin deposits in scars distinct from the normal honeycomb network seen in the surrounding skin. Hypertrophic scars showed a patchy pattern of large macular melanoderma dispersed in a lighter background. In these cases, low RRTM values were obtained with little variations according to the orientation of the measurements. By contrast, atrophic scars showed a streaky laddering melanotic pattern under dermoscopy. Higher RRTM values were often obtained, particularly in the transversal direction of the scars. Mechanical anisotropy was greater in the atrophic scars compared with the normal skin.Discussion: Darker skin types represent a model for visualizing the main orientation of the epidermal rete ridges. A correlation was found between the pattern of melanized rete ridges of scars and the main orientation of the intrinsic forces in the skin.
Development of the herbivore Pieris rapae and its endoparasitoid Cotesia rubecula on crucifers of field edges
Authors: Harvey J. A. , Wagenaar R. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract:  Several studies have reported that flowering herbs, which grow naturally or are sown adjacent to agricultural fields, may be an important source of nutrients for natural enemies. Many parasitoids readily feed on plant exudates such as floral nectar, which contain different types of sugars that enable the insects to optimize their longevity, mobility and reproductive success. However, leaf tissues of plants grown in the margins of agricultural fields may also provide food for immature stages of insect herbivores, such as caterpillars, that are in turn attacked by parasitoids. Herbivores and their parasitoids may later disperse into the crop, so the nutritional quality of surrounding plants, as this affects herbivore and parasitoid fitness, may also influence the success of biological control programmes, especially later in the season. Here, we compare the suitability of three species of cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae) on the development of Pieris rapae L. (Lep., Pieridae) and its solitary endoparasitoid, Cotesia rubecula Marshall (Hym., Bracondiae). Insects were reared on a feral population of cabbage, Brassica oleracea, on radish Raphanus sativus, which is widely sown in agricultural margins, and on hedge mustard, Sisymbrium officinale, a wild crucifer which often grows in medium to large stands along road verges and field edges. Development time in both the herbivore and parasitoid were extended on R. sativus, compared with the other two species, whereas C. rubecula completed its development most rapidly on B. oleracea. Moreover, adult butterflies and parasitoids were significantly smaller when reared on R. sativus plants. Our results reveal that differences in the quality of plants growing adjacent to agricultural fields can affect the development of key herbivores and their parasitoids. This should be borne in mind when establishing criteria for the selection of floral biodiversity.
A RADIOAUTOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE SYNTHESIS OF PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN CENTRAL NERVOUS TISSUES OF THE DOG
Authors: Morita S. , Kobayashi Y. , Ito Y. 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYGross and microscopic radioautographic observations have been made on the sequential distribution of 32P in the brain and spinal cord of the dog after intracisternal injection as orthophosphate.There appear to be two stages in the process of 32P incorporation into central nervous tissues. In the first, the phosphate in the CSF penetrates the central nervous tissue by diffusion. In the second, the phosphate is incorporated into various organic compounds in response to metabolic processes.The chronological changes in intraneuronal 32P localization indicate incorporation into cellular protein, RNA, DNA, and lipid and depend upon the turnover rate of 32P in these fractions.In the metabolism of phosphate the molecular layer of the cerebellum probably is involved only in rapid changes reflected by the acid‐soluble fraction. The cellular layers in addition are concerned with slower processes such as incorporation into structural compounds.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE ESTIMATION OF TRYPTAMINE IN TISSUES
Authors: Eccleston D. , Ashcroft G. W. , Crawford T. B. B. , Loose R. 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYThe method of Hess and Udenfriend (1959) for the estimation of tryptamine in tissues, is demonstrated to allow the carry over of tryptophan to the final extract, resulting in falsely high values for the amine. A modification of the original method is described, incorporating ion‐exchange chromatography, which gives complete separation of these components. Using this method, tryptamine is found neither in the brain of normal guinea pigs, nor in animals treated with l‐tryptophan. It is found only when l‐tryptophan is administered following pretreatment with an amine oxidase inhibitor.
BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR A SECRETORY ROLE OF THE PINEAL BODY. OXIDATION OF [1‐14C]‐ AND [6‐14C]GLUCOSE IN VITRO BY PINEAL BODY, PITUITARY, AND BRAIN FROM YOUNG AND ADULT ANIMALS*
Authors: Krass Melvin E. , LaBella Frank S. 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYThe conversion of [1‐14C] label from glucose to 14CO2in vitro by bovine pineal bodies was 7‐24 times as great as that of [6‐14C]. These values for C‐1/C‐6 oxidation ratios are similar to those found for all known endocrine tissues and in contrast to those for brain which range from 1.0 to 1.4. Total glucose oxidation, both C‐1 and C‐6, and C‐1/C‐6 ratios were lower in pineal bodies from adult (3‐8 years) than from young (5‐10 months) animals. Total glucose oxidation by the posterior pituitary was lower in the adult than in the young, generally lower in the anterior pituitary of the adult, and higher in the brain of the adult. Epinephrine, 10−4m, increased the oxidation by pineal tissue of [1‐14C] by 170 per cent and of [6‐14C] by 46 per cent. The relatively high C‐1/C‐6 ratios found for pineal tissue are indicative of an operative hexosemonophosphate pathway, which we have previously suggested to be correlated with hormone secretion and/or storage. The present findings provide biochemical support for the hypothesis that the pineal body has an endocrine function in mammals.
THE EFFECT OF PHYSOSTIGMINE AND NEOSTIGMINE ON THE CONCENTRATION OF GLYCOGEN IN VARIOUS BRAIN STRUCTURES OF THE RAT
Authors: Mršulja B. , Terzić M. , Varagić V. M. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—

Hypothalamus, mesencephalon, cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex and medulla oblongata of the rat brain contain varying amounts of glycogen. The highest concentration was found in the medulla, and the lowest in the hypothalamus.
Low doses of physostigmine produced a significant decrease in the concentration of glycogen in mesencephalon, cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex and medulla. Higher doses of physostigmine were necessary to produce glycogenolysis in the hypothalamus. In the first four structures glycogen stores were almost equally sensitive to the action of physostigmine. Neostigmine did not affect brain glycogen. The glycogenolytic effect of physostigmine was dose‐dependent.
Both atropine and propranolol were found to block the glycogenolytic effect of physostigmine in brain.
It is concluded that probably both cholinergic and adrenergic processes participate in the glycogenolytic effect of physostigmine. It is suggested that physostigmine initiates the cholinergic processes which then trigger adrenergic processes.
FETTSÄUREN UND ALDEHYDE VON GEHIRNPHOS‐PHATIDEN WÄHREND DER FÖTALEN UNO FRÜH‐KINDLICHEN ENTWICKLUNG DES MENSCHEN12
Authors: Altrock K. , Debuch H. 
Published: October 2006

Zusanunenfassung—Es wurden fotale Gehirne mens III, V, VI und VII, sowie ein Neugeborenen‐Gehirn, zwei Gehirne von Säuglingen im Alter von 3 bzw. 7 Monaten und ein kindliches Gehirn im Alter von 13 Monaten im Hinblick auf den Gehalt an Gesamtlipoiden, Neutrallipoiden und “Rohphosphatiden” untersucht. Die Fettsáuren und Aldehyde der Phosphatide wurden gaschromatographisch analysiert. Es zeigte sich, daβ sowohl bei den Fettsäuren als auch bei den Aldehyden die C14‐kettigen Anteile im Beobachtungszeitraum abnehmen, während die C18‐Anteile insgesamt zunehmen. Anders verhalten sich sowohl die C18‐Monoenfettsauren als auch die C18‐Monoenaldehyde, deren Anteil sich‐beginnend vom jüngsten Fötalgehirn bis zur Geburt verringert und dann in der Myelinisierungsperiode wieder ansteigt. Die C20‐ und C22‐Polyenfettsäuren bleiben im untersuchten Zeitraum fast konstant. Bei den Aldehyden sind auβer den C16‐ und C18‐gesätt., sowie den C18‐Monoenaldehyden praktisch keine anderen Aldehyde auffindbar.