bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traffic‐induced compaction in maize, cowpea and soya bean production on a tropical alfisol after ploughing and no‐tillage: Crop growth
Authors: Kayambo Benedict , Lal Rattan , Mrema Geofrey C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn experiment was conducted over three consecutive seasons during 1982 and 1983 to evaluate the effects of traffic‐induced compaction on growth and yield of maize, cowpea and soya bean grown in a tropical Alfisol for no‐tillage and ploughed systems. Compaction treatments of no, two and four passes of a 2‐tonne roller were used on the sub‐plots. The roller was 60 cm in diameter, 180 cm long, with a contact area of 0.1729 m2 and was pulled by a 33.6 kW tractor. The four‐pass treatment reduced percentage emergence, plant height, leaf number, leaf area index, and dry matter yield of maize, cowpea and soya bean. These reductions were more marked on ploughed than on no‐till plots. The two‐and four‐pass treatments significantly reduced root growth of maize, cowpea and soya bean in the 0–70 mm depth, but the reduction in root density was greater in ploughed than in no‐tillage. The two‐and four‐pass compaction treatments reduced plant nutrient uptake and grain yield of maize, cowpea and soya bean. The four‐pass treatment reduced maize grain yield by 48% in all seasons under no‐tillage and by 53, 61 and 75% after ploughing in the first, second and third consecutive cropping seasons respectively, compared to the yield of the relevant non‐compacted treatment. Cowpea yield was reduced by 38% in all seasons after no‐tillage and by 39, 50 and 57% after ploughing during the first, second and third consecutive cropping season respectively. The response of soya bean to four‐pass compaction resulted in yield reduction by 50,64 and 25% after no‐tillage and by 47, 48 and 65% after ploughing in the first, second and third consecutive cropping season, respectively. Crop yields were found to be negatively correlated with soil bulk density, penetrometer resistance, and relative compaction, and positively correlated with infiltration rate, soil moisture content and specific volume. Multiple regression equations were also developed between crop yield and soil properties.
Log‐linear response functions and their use to model data from plant nutrition experiments
Authors: Ali Asghar , Clarke Geoffrey M. , Trustrum Kathleen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInverse polynomial response surfaces have been very useful as models for data when responses are not symmetrical about their optimum value or when they approach an asymptote. But a special computing routine is required, and the parameter estimates do not have exactly known distributions. An alternative family of models having the same flexibility of shape is the family of log‐linear response functions, which may be fitted using standard multiple regression routines. They provide parameter estimates with very good statistical properties and have been used to explain several sets of data. Examples are given of their fit to data from an experiment on the nutrition of black currants grown under controlled conditions. From contour diagrams, it is easy to propose the best levels of fertilisers to be applied so as to obtain maximum crop and healthy growth.
Effects of controlled atmosphere on the storage of new apricot cultivars
Authors: Andrich Gianpaolo , Fiorentini Roberto 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe storage in refrigerated (0‐0.5°C) and controlled atmospheres (5% O2 and 0‐7.5% CO2) of fruit belonging to two new late‐ripening cultivars of apricots (ICAPI‐17‐COL and ICAPI‐30‐COL) has been studied to determine their storability and to examine the effect of the CO2 level on weight decrease, firmness, total titratable acidity (TTA), pH, refractometric degree (RD) and physiological and pathological changes. Both cultivars, but particularly ICAPI‐30‐COL, proved suitable to store for up to 3 weeks under controlled conditions. Only for ICAPI‐30‐COL did the development during storage of some ripening parameters (firmness, TTA, pH and RD) seem to be related to CO2 concentration, showing the importance of varietal influence.
The effects of the rate of addition of formic acid and sulphuric acid on the ensilage of perennial ryegrass in laboratory silos
Authors: Chamberlain David G. , Quig Jan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPerennial ryegrass was ensiled in laboratory silos after addition of formic acid (850 g kg−1) or sulphuric acid (906 g kg−1) at rates of 0, 2, 4 and 6 litres t−1 fresh grass. Silos were opened after 6, 18 and 90 days and the silage subjected to chemical and microbiological analysis. The untreated control was poorly fermented with a final pH of 4.7, a butyric acid concentration of 19 g kg−1 dry matter (DM) and an NH3‐N content of 275 g kg−1 total nitrogen (TN). For the formic acid treatments the 2 litre t−1 and 6 litre t−1 levels both produced well‐preserved silages but they were of different types. The silage treated with 2 litre t−1 had a pH of 4.0, a lactic acid concentration of 92 g kg−1 DM and 161 g NH3‐N kg−1 TN, whereas with the 6 litre t−1 treatment, fermentation had been severely restricted. The pH was 4.2, the lactic acid concentration was only 8 g kg−1 DM and the NH3‐N content was 80 g kg−1 TN. However, formic acid at 4 litre t−1 produced a badly fermented silage of final pH 5.0 with lactic acid and butyric acid concentrations of 16 and 15 g kg−1 DM, respectively, and an NH3‐N content of 149 g kg−1 TN. Sulphuric acid at 2 and 4 litres t−1 produced silages of low lactic acid contents, 36 and 24 g kg−1 DM, and they also contained butyric acid in concentrations of 13 and 11 g kg−1 DM; respective NH3‐N contents were 206 and 114 g kg−1 DM. When sulphuric acid was added at 6 litres t−1, despite a reduction in the pH of the grass to 3.5, fermentation was not restricted as it was with the equivalent level of formic acid. Lactic acid was present at 27 g kg−1 DM and the ethanol concentration was very high at 66 g kg−1 DM; the sulphuric acid‐treated silages were characterised by high yeast counts. At the higher rates of addition, formic acid reduced the.
Determination of moisture in white flour, ground wheat and whole wheat by near infrared reflectance using a single calibration
Authors: Osborne Brian G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA single calibration for the determination of moisture in white flour, ground wheat and whole wheat by near infrared (n.i.r.) reflectance analysis is presented. The predictive accuracy of the calibration compared with moisture determined by oven drying on 68 samples was 0.22%.
The availability to pasture plants of native and applied soil cobalt in relation to extractable soil cobalt and other soil properties
Authors: McLaren Ronald G. , Lawson David M. , Swift Roger S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn pot trials using a range of soils from South‐East Scotland, plant cobalt concentrations were significantly correlated with the amounts of cobalt extracted from soil with 0.05 M calcium chloride. Plant cobalt concentrations were also correlated with soil pH, showing a decrease with increasing soil pH. There were no significant correlations between plant cobalt concentrations and 0.5 M acetic acid‐extractable cobalt, 0.04 M EDTA‐exttactable cobalt, isotopically exchangeable cobalt or total soil cobalt.Uptake of cobalt by ryegrass from cobalt added to the soil was inversely related to both the ability of the soil to sorb cobalt and to soil pH.
The sulphydryl plus disulphide content in the proteins of durum wheat and its relationship with the cooking quality of pasta
Authors: Alary Rémi , Kobrehel Károly 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSemolina samples were obtained from several durum wheat cultivars. The cooking quality of the spaghetti prepared from the semolina showed both inter and intravarietal differences. Proteins from semolina were extracted sequentially and both the reactive and total SH plus SS content of the protein extracts determined amperometrically. The albumin‐globulin fractions contained the highest amounts of both reactive and total SH plus SS groups. The total SH plus SS content was higher in the gliadins than in the glutenins but the latter contained higher amounts of reactive SH plus SS groups. A highly significant correlation was found between the total amount of SH plus SS content of the glutenins and the cooking quality of the samples (r=0.835): This might be a functional relation.
Intestinal disaccharidase and dipeptidase activities in growing rats fed on a raw field bean diet
Authors: Villanueva M. Rosario , Martínez J. Alfredo , Larralde Jesús 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effect of a faba bean diet on disaccharidase and dipeptidase activities in rat small intestine has been studied. Both maltase and sucrase activities significantly decreased in rats fed on the faba bean diet as compared with the controls. The inhibition seems to follow a non‐competitive or mixed non‐competitive pattern. On the other hand, legume‐fed rats showed a slightly higher activity for intestinal glycyl‐l‐valine hydrolase. It has been suggested that the low nutritional value of diets containing Vicia faba, as a source of protein, was due to a reduction in both nutrient utilisation and intestinal enzymic activity, where polyphenolic compounds are possibly involved.
Total sugar content in sorghum stalks and grains of selected cultivars from the world germplasm collection
Authors: Subramanian Vaidyanathan , Rao K. Eswara Prasada , Mengesha Melak H. , Jambunathan Ramamurthi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeventy sorghum cultivars from the world germplasm collection maintained at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) were screened for total sugar content of the stalks. The total sugar content in stalks harvested after physiological maturity ranged from 17.8 to 40.3% on dry weight basis. The total sugar content in grains of 15 selected cultivars ranged from 1.02 to 2.23%. Nine cultivars having more than 34% total sugar content in stalks showed consistency for sugar content when grown for two seasons. Juiciness of stalks from five cultivars as estimated by the quantity of juice extracted varied from 266 to 464 ml per kilogram of fresh stalks. The total sugar content in the juice of five cultivars varied from 7.0 to 15.9%.
Influence of food withdrawal at various times preslaughter on carcass yield and meat quality in sheep
Authors: Warriss Paul D. , Brown Steven N. , Bevis Edward A. , Kestin Steven C. , Young Ceridwen S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCastrated male crossbred lambs were fed a complete pelleted diet ad libitum for 4 weeks prior to slaughter at a liveweight of about 32 kg. Forty lambs were killed directly off feed and forty each after 24, 48 and 72 h from food withdrawal. They had access to water at all times. Fasting had a significant effect on the weights of all body components examined except the combined fleece and feet. Liveweight was lost slightly more rapidly over the initial 24 h after food withdrawal, and this was attributable mainly to a 20% decrease in the weight of the gut contents. The overall rate of liveweight loss between 0 and 72 h was 0.14% h−1. The corresponding loss of carcass weight was 0.085% h−1, some reduction in yield being evident by 24 h of fast although a significant effect was seen only after 48 h. Liver weight was lost most rapidly (0.69% h−1) over the initial 24 h but continued to be lost throughout fasting. Associated with the initial decrease in liver weight was a rapid loss of glycogen to very low levels by 24 h after food withdrawal. Fasting also reduced muscle glycogen concentrations but had no large or consistent effects on ultimate pH, reflectance or water‐holding capacity.
Microbiological evaluation of cereal protein
Authors: Kaur Jasvinder , Murgai Usha , Bajaj Satinder 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe protein quality of twenty‐three varieties of wheat, ten varieties of rice and seven varieties of triticale was evaluated microbiologically using Tetrahymena pyriformis W. The wheat varieties CBW 12, CBW 392, CBW 396 and C 306, the rice varieties Jay a and PR 228, and the triticale varieties TC 174 and TCB 692 were found to be best nutritionally. The relative nutritive value showed a positive correlation with lysine for wheat, rice and triticale. The relative nutritive values for wheat, rice and triticale were found to be quite close to the reported net protein utilisation values.
Short‐term manipulation of egg weight
Authors: Balnave Derick 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCommercial pullets were fed diets containing low or high concentrations of linoleic acid during consecutive 4‐week periods. These diets were formulated either by the substitution of coconut oil or sunflower oil in proprietary formulations or by using wheat or rice pollard as major dietary feed ingredients. Results obtained from studies carried out at low and moderate temperatures in a commercial layer shed and at high temperatures in controlled‐environment rooms showed that variations in the linoleic acid concentration of layer diets can be used to manipulate the short‐term (4‐week) egg‐weight responses of commercial pullets.
Role of lipolytic enzymes in the deterioration of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) cakes: A comparison with fresh milk
Authors: Adoga Godwin I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe free fatty acid (FFA) content of fresh milk and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) cakes, released by the activity of lipases, was used to assess their deterioration at 26°C and 4°C. Lipolysis of the fresh milk as measured by the level of FFA content was about 69% complete in 24 h and 86% complete in 48 h at 26°C. In groundnut cakes, lipolysis was 15% complete in 48 h and 80% complete after 4 days at 26°C. The rates of lipolysis at 4°C for groundnut cakes (under dry conditions) and fresh milk were minimal. It is therefore recommended that groundnut cakes be stored at below ambient temperatures under dry or reduced humidity conditions.
Glycosidases of wheat
Authors: Fox David J. , Walsh Therese , Marsh Sue , Annuk David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGlycosidases isolated from the mill fractions made from soft and hard wheat grists were studied. α‐Arabinosidase, α‐galactosidase, β‐galactosidase, β‐glucosidase, β‐glucuronidase, β‐mannosidase and β‐xylosidase activities in wheat flour, germ and bran were determined under standard dough conditions. There were no significant differences between the level of glycosidase activities from hard and soft grists. The level of a particular glycosidase activity was generally highest in the germ and lowest in the flour.
H.p.l.c. Determination of trace levels of succinic acid in orange juice from Freeze‐damaged and undamaged fruit
Authors: Shaw Philip E. , Wilson Charles W. , Hansen Ross W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSuccinic acid was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) in juice from oranges subjected to freeze damage on the tree and by storage at below freezing temperatures. Succinic acid levels did not change in fruit subjected to freezing temperatures while on the tree or in storage. In order to measure succinic acid at these low levels (5–180 mg litre−1 juice) an earlier h.p.l.c. procedure was modified.
The effects of dietary level of sunflower seeds and lysine on egg quality and laying performance of White Leghorn hens
Authors: Karunajeewa Hector , Abu‐Serewa Samir , Tham Sing H. , Eason Paul 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn a 4×2 factorial experiment, 672 White Leghorn hens were given diets with four levels (0, 10, 20 and 40 g kg−1) of sunflower seeds and two levels (7.0 and 8.0 g kg−1) of dietary lysine from 43 to 67 weeks of age. The inclusion of increasing levels of sunflower seeds in the diet increased (P<0.01) egg weight and reduced (P<0.01) albumen height and Haugh units of eggs. The diets with sunflower seeds increased (P<0.01) the proportion of 65 g grade eggs and reduced (P<0.01) that of 55 g and 50 g grades. Rate of egg production, mortality rate, feed conversion efficiency, specific gravity of eggs and yolk colour were not significantly affected by the level of sunflower seeds in the diet. Increasing the dietary level of lysine in a diet based on wheat and meat‐and‐bone meal increased (P<0.05) egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion efficiency. Supplemental lysine reduced (P<0.05) the feed intake of hens given the diet with 40 g kg−1 of sunflower seeds. Egg quality characteristics were not affected by the dietary level of lysine.
Digestion in sheep of diets containing barley chemically treated to reduce its ruminal degradability
Authors: van Ramshorst Hendrikus , Thomas Phillip C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSheep fitted with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used to study the digestion of two diets of rolled barley and dried grass (39:61 on a dry matter basis) which were given in 24 meals (at 1‐h intervals) each day. The two diets contained the barley either in untreated form or treated with an acidic formaldehyde reagent which was designed to cross‐link the barley protein and starch and thereby reduce its rate of degradation in the rumen.There were no significant (P<0.05) differences between the diets in rumen pH, protozoal numbers and concentrations of ammonia N and total and individual volatile fatty acids. However, the diet containing the treated barley increased (P<0.05) duodenal passage of total N from 17.4 g day−1 to 20.5 g day−1 and duodenal passage of starch from 8g day−1 to 16 g day−1, the latter representing a change from 0.038 to 0.074 of the dietary starch intake. For both constituents there were associated increases in the amounts absorbed in the intestines. There were no significant differences between treatments in the digestion of acid detergent fibre.
Phenolic acids in fresh and retted jute plants (Corchorus capsularis and Corchorus olitorius)
Authors: Mosihuzzaman M. , Hoque M. Fazlul , Chowdhury Tofail A. , Theander Olof , Lundgren Lennart N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFresh and retted bark and stem of the Corchorus capsularis and Corchorus olitorius species of jute plant were analysed for their phenolic acid contents. Free and bound phenolic acids were identified and quantitatively determined by means of HPLC. Ferulic and p‐coumaric acids were the main components, whereas p‐hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, vanillic and caffeic acids were present in varying amounts in different jute fractions. The stem contained more free phenolic acids than the bark, and the differences were very pronounced in the retted samples. On the other hand, the bark from all four samples contained more extractable ester‐bound phenolic acid than the stem. The stem of fresh C. olitorius and retted bark (fibre) of both species contained more non‐extractable bound phenolic acids, in particular p‐coumaric acid, than the other fractions.
Chicken pancreatic enzymes for clinical use: 2. Preparation and storage stability of lipase‐rich pancreatin
Authors: Madhusudhan K. T. , Cogan U. , Mokady S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA lipase‐rich pancreatin was prepared from chicken pancreas by extracting the pancreatic pulp with phosphate‐buffered saline (pH8·0), precipitating the soluble enzyme by cold isopropanol, and drying under vacuum. Loss of lipase activity was 8% on a laboratory scale (20 g) and 43% on a pilot scale (200 g). Precipitation of the enzyme by acetone resulted in lipase activity losses of 35 and 70%, respectively. Protease and lipase activity was compared with that of several commercial preparations of porcine origin. The chicken pancreatin exhibited good stability when stored over a period of 4 months at 45°C. However, storage in an atmosphere of high water activity (aw = 0·8) resulted in the activation of trypsinogen and chymotryp‐sinogen and consequent inactivation of amylase and lipase.
Nutrient content of milk and milk products: Vitamins of the B complex and vitamin C in retail creams, ice creams and milk shakes
Authors: Scott K John , Bishop Dinah R 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA study was undertaken to update and extend information on the water‐soluble vitamin content of creams, ice creams and take‐away milk shakes on retail sale in the UK. The concentration of water‐soluble vitamins in creams reflected to varying extents the level of fat and the type of heat processing. The concentration of vitamins in both dairy and non‐dairy ice creams were generally similar. The amounts of vitamins in milk shakes were similar to those in pasteurised milk.
Oxalate accumulation in napier grass and pearl millet × napier grass interspecific hybrids in relation to nitrogen nutrition, irrigation and temperature
Authors: Kipnis Tal , Dabush Levana 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe oxalate content of napier grass and of pearl millet × napier grass interspecific hybrids was studied in plants grown in midsummer in the field and in a phytotron under three temperature regimes. The plants in the field were irrigated every 3, 7 or 14 days and given at each irrigation a heavy application of nitrogen, not less than 5 kg N ha−1 day−1. The plants in the phytotron were irrigated daily with a complete nutrient solution containing 200 mg l−1 of nitrogen.The highest total and soluble oxalate contents in the dry matter of field grown plants were 2·6 % and 1·3%, respectively. The oxalate status of the plant was not affected by the irrigation or N fertilisation. In contrast, plants grown in the phytotron accumulated as much as 4·4 % of total and 3·4% of soluble oxalates, and both decreased with advancing maturity irrespective of the temperature regime.The content of sodium + potassium in the dry matter was linearly correlated with oxalate content (r2 = 0·78) in the pooled data of all four experiments reported herein. There was no change in oxalate with N content above 2·0 % of the dry matter. Below that level oxalate increased Steeply with N content. However, in this range, N content is linearly correlated with (Na + K) content, and so its relation with oxalate is indirect.Oxalate levels in the leaves were higher than in the stems and decreased in both plant parts with advancing maturity. Only small differences in oxalates were found between the hybrids tested. Napier grass accumulated more oxalate in the stem than its F1 hybrid, both having higher concentrations in tounger stem internodes. NO differences in ozalate levels were found between the leaves of he parent grass and its hybridIt is concluded that a hazardous concentration of oxalate in millet × napier hybrids is unlikely even under intensive N fertilisation. Consequently, consideration of oxalate accumulation need not be a constraint in breeding for imporved hybrids of this grass.
A chemiluminescence study of the oxidation of vegetable oils and model compounds and the effects of antioxidants
Authors: Cash Gregory A , George Graeme A , Bartley John P 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemiluminescence was used to study the course of oxidation of sunflower oil samples at a number of temperatures between 70 and 121°C. The induction time was determined for each sample and used to estimate the shelf life of the oils at 25°C.In addition, Chemiluminescence during oxidation in air on alumina at 80°C was used to study both sunflower oil and, as a model compound, methyl linoleate with and without added artificial antioxidants. By using the method of inhibitors, the reaction rate and level of hydroperoxide were determined. It was also possible to determine the level of naturally occurring antioxidant in the vegetable oil.