bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III) Porphyrin Catalyzed Epoxidation of Olefins by Hydrogen Peroxide: An Analysis of the Reaction Mechanism and the Factors Affecting Catalyst Activity and Selectivity
Authors: Stephenson Ned A. , Bell Alexis T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: tert‐Butyl‐N‐chlorocyanamide: A Novel and Versatile Reagent in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Kaushik Mahabir P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Crystals on the Move: From Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Photoreactions to Molecular Machinery
Authors: Garcia‐Garibay Miguel A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of α‐Helical Peptides and Mimetics
Authors: Garner James , Harding Margaret M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Modeling of CyDs and Their Complexes
Authors: Dodziuk Helena 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosensing with Polydiacetylene Materials: Structures, Optical Properties and Applications
Authors: Reppy Mary A. , Pindzola Bradford A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Can magnetic resonance imaging be used to select patients for sentinel lymph node biopsy in prophylactic mastectomy?
Authors: McLaughlin Sarah A. , Stempel Michelle , Morris Elizabeth A. , Liberman Laura , King Tari A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDSentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in the setting of prophylactic mastectomy (PM) remains controversial. In the current study, recent experience with PM was described and the value of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was analyzed in selecting patients for PM with or without SLNB.METHODSBetween January 1999 and January 2006, 529 patients underwent 613 PMs. Both preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and SLNB were performed selectively at the discretion of the surgeon.RESULTSOccult cancer was identified in 33 of 613 PMs (5%) (10 invasive and 23 ductal carcinoma in situ cases). PM with SLNB was performed in 393 of 529 patients (74%), 178 of whom underwent MRI. Of these, occult cancer was found in 6 of 178 patients (3%), all of whom had negative SLNB. Preoperative MRI was concordant with PM in 4 of 6 cases with occult carcinoma. The remaining 215 of 393 patients (55%) underwent PM with SLNB without MRI. Occult cancer was found in 18 of 215 patients (8%); 3 had positive SLNB. Overall, PM with SLNB spared 4 of 393 patients (1%) from axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Among 136 patients undergoing PM alone, 57 had preoperative MRI. MRI detected 5 cancers and PM revealed an additional 4 occult carcinomas not detected by MRI. Overall, 9 of 136 patients (7%) undergoing PM alone were found to have occult cancer, 3 of which were invasive, raising the decision of reoperation with ALND.CONCLUSIONSOccult cancer was identified in 5% of PMs. PM with or without SLNB spared only 4 of 393 patients (1%) from undergoing ALND, whereas PM alone identified unsuspected invasive disease in 3 of 136 patients (2%). When performed, MRI accurately ruled out the presence of an invasive cancer in the prophylactic breast, suggesting that MRI can be used to select patients for PM without SLNB. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Sfrp1, Sfrp2, and Sfrp5 regulate the Wnt/β‐catenin and the planar cell polarity pathways during early trunk formation in mouse
Authors: Satoh Wataru , Matsuyama Makoto , Takemura Hiromasa , Aizawa Shinichi , Shimono Akihiko 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSfrp is a secreted Wnt antagonist that directly interacts with Wnt ligand. We show here that inactivation of Sfrp1, Sfrp2, and Sfrp5 leads to fused somites formation in early‐somite mouse embryos, simultaneously resulting in defective convergent extension (CE), which causes severe shortening of the anteroposterior axis. These observations indicate the redundant roles of Sfrp1, Sfrp2, and Sfrp5 in early trunk formation. The roles of the Sfrps were genetically distinguished in terms of the regulation of Wnt pathways. Genetic analysis combining Sfrps mutants and Loop‐tail mice revealed the involvement of Sfrps in CE through the regulation of the planar cell polarity pathway. Furthermore, Dkk1‐deficient embryos carrying Sfrp1 homozygous and Sfrp2 heterozygous mutations display irregular somites and indistinct intersomitic boundaries, which indicates that Sfrps‐mediated inhibition of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is necessary for somitogenesis. Our results suggest that Sfrps regulation of the canonical and noncanonical pathways is essential for proper trunk formation. genesis 46:92–103, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Watermarking in halftone images with mixed halftone techniques
Authors: Guo Jing‐Ming , Lee Hua 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOrdered dithering and error diffusion are the two most popular processes to produce halftone results for printing industry. Ordered dithering inherently has the benefit of efficiency. On the other hand, error diffusion has high quality and reasonable complexity. In this article, we propose a watermarking that adopts the ordered dithering to produce the referenced halftone image, then applying the noise‐balanced error diffusion to embed the watermark. A low computational complexity, low memory demand, and good embedded image quality are achieved with the proposed technique. From the experimental results, this technique can guard against the cropping and print‐and‐scan two major degradation processes in halftone images. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 303–314, 2007
Drug‐binding hydrogels of hyaluronic acid functionalized with β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Zawko Scott A. , Truong Quan , Schmidt Christine E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractHyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels are attractive materials for biomedical applications because they are porous, water‐swelling, biocompatible, biodegradable, and resistant to non‐specific cell adhesion. A limitation of HA hydrogels is that incorporation of bioactive drugs can be restricted by low solubility of drug within the hydrogel environment. Our goal was to synthesize HA hydrogels that bind drug through hydrophobic interactions as a method for increasing drug loading. We functionalized photocrosslinked HA hydrogels with a methacryloyl derivative of β‐cyclodextrin (βCD). βCD is a molecular “basket” with a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic cavity. Inclusion complexes are formed when βCD hosts all or part of a hydrophobic drug within the cavity. HA hydrogels functionalized with methacryloyl‐βCD monomer gained the property of inclusion complexation which greatly enhanced the uptake of a model hydrophobic drug, hydrocortisone. Pre‐incubation of the hydrogels with adamantane carboxylic acid (ACA) inhibited hydrocortisone uptake by competition for βCD cavities. In addition, control hydrogels of HA functionalized with αCD monomer were not efficient at hydrocortisone uptake because the αCD cavity is too small for efficient complexation. These experiments confirmed that the βCD monomer enhances drug loading by the mechanism of inclusion complexation. Drug‐binding HA‐βCD hydrogels may be further engineered to create HA‐based biomaterials with a built in drug delivery capability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Improving glycemic control in medical inpatients: A pilot study
Authors: Trujillo Jennifer M. , Barsky Emily E. , Greenwood Bonnie C. , Wahlstrom Stephanie A. , Shaykevich Shimon , Pendergrass Merri L. , Schnipper Jeffrey L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDInpatient hyperglycemia is associated with poor patient outcomes. Current guidelines recommend that in an inpatient non‐ICU setting there be treatment to achieve a glucose level below 180 mg/dL.METHODSObjectives of this prospective quality‐improvement pilot study were to implement a subcutaneous insulin protocol on a general medicine service, to identify barriers to implementation, and to determine the effect of this protocol on glycemic control. Eighty‐nine patients with a preexisting diagnosis of type 2 diabetes or inpatient hyperglycemia were eligible. Study outcomes included resident acceptance of the protocol, insulin‐ordering practices, and mean rate of hyperglycemia (glucose > 180 mg/dL) per person. Results were compared with those of a previously conducted observational study.RESULTSResidents agreed to use the protocol in 56% of cases. Reasons for declining the protocol included severity of a patient's other disease states, desire to titrate oral medications, and fear of hypoglycemia. Basal and nutritional insulin were prescribed more often in the pilot group compared with at baseline (64% vs. 49% for basal, P = .05; 13% vs. 0% for nutritional, P < .001). Basal insulin was started after the first full hospital day in 42% of patients, and only one‐third of patients with any hypo‐ or hyperglycemia had any subsequent changes in their insulin orders. The mean rate of hyperglycemia was not significantly different between groups (31.6% of measurements per patient vs. 33.3%, P = .85).CONCLUSIONSAdherence to a new inpatient subcutaneous insulin protocol was fair. Barriers included fear of hypoglycemia, delays in starting basal insulin, and clinical inertia. Quality improvement efforts likely need to target these barriers to successfully improve inpatient glycemic control. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:55–63. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Comparison of practice patterns of hospitalists and community physicians in the care of patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Roytman Marina M. , Thomas Sean M. , Jiang Caroline S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOBJECTIVEThe objective of the present study was to compare the practice patterns of hospitalists and community physicians in the care of patients with congestive heart failure.DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS/SETTINGThe study was a retrospective chart review of 342 patients treated for congestive heart failure at a community‐based teaching hospital.MEASUREMENTSUse of established therapeutic modalities for congestive heart failure and utilization of resources by hospitalists and nonhospitalists were compared. Outcome measures were adjusted length of stay (LOS), costs per case, in‐hospital mortality, acute renal failure rate, and readmission rate.RESULTSThe patients of hospitalist were more likely to receive ACE‐I or ARB therapy within 24 hours of admission (86% vs. 72%; P = .003), intravenous diuretics (90% vs. 73%; P < .001), and social work consultation (48% vs. 29%; P < .001). They were less likely to have had serial chest radiographs (4% vs. 13%; P = .01) and multiple consultants (8% vs. 16%; P = .03). Hospitalists' patients with an illness whose severity was categorized as minor had a 40% reduction in LOS, those with a moderately severe illness had a 20% reduction, and those with an extremely severe illness had a 13% reduction (P = .002). Costs per case were reduced by $1000‐$3100 across all severity categories (P < .001). Rates of acute renal failure and readmission were similar between the groups.CONCLUSIONSEarly use of ACE‐I/ARB, aggressive approach to diuresis, greater involvement of social work services and decreased use of chest radiographs and medical consultants were identified as distinct practices of hospitalists in this medical center. These practices may have led to a shorter LOS and lower costs while preserving quality of care and possibly improving clinical outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:35–41. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Simulation of the Coulomb gap evolution in the Coulomb glass
Authors: Matulewski J. , Baranovskii S. D. , Thomas P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTime dependent relaxation in the Coulomb glass from the random distribution of electrons via localized states towards the distribution prescribed by the long‐range Coulomb interactions is studied by computer simulations. The time evolution of the single particle density of states is followed in course of the relaxation. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The electron glass: conduction, glassy dynamics and relation to other glasses
Authors: Pollak M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA theory for linear response conduction in an electron glass, based on scaling, is developed that includes all the important correlations due to many‐body effects. The theory yields the same functional dependence of the conductance on tempera‐ture as the Efros‐Shklovskii (ES) theory which neglects many body effects. On excitation out of equilibrium the conduction has been observed to display glassy dynamics. A model developed recently to explain such experiments showed some shortcomings in the light of newer experiments. Some possible causes for this failure are being discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Helping elementary preservice teachers learn to use curriculum materials for effective science teaching
Authors: Schwarz Christina V. , Gunckel Kristin L. , Smith Ed L. , Covitt Beth A. , Bae Minjung , Enfield Mark , Tsurusaki Blakely K. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCurriculum analysis, modification, and enactment are core components of teacher practice. Beginning teachers rely heavily on curriculum materials that are often of poor quality to guide their practice. As a result, we argue that preservice teachers need to learn how to use curriculum materials for effective teaching. To address this concern, the authors conducted a study in which three teacher educators taught elementary science methods courses incorporating a major focus on curriculum analysis and modification based on Project 2061 Instructional Analysis Criteria. Analysis of pre–post assessments, classroom artifacts, classroom dialogue, and postcourse interviews indicated that preservice teachers accurately applied and appropriated a modest set of criteria whose intended meanings most closely matched their own understandings, were most closely aligned with their own goals and criteria, or were made accessible through systematic use and attention within the methods sections. However, many did not find the materials analysis criteria useful or comprehensible and based their curricular decisions on their own criteria. Furthermore, some preservice teachers resisted engaging in these practices that may have seemed too analytical, inauthentic, and destabilizing. These findings pointed us toward a revised theoretical framework and new approaches to better support preservice teachers' effective participation with curriculum materials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 92:345–377, 2008
Impact of mis‐specification of the treatment model on estimates from a marginal structural model
Authors: Lefebvre Geneviève , Delaney Joseph A. C. , Platt Robert W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractInverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) estimation for marginal structural models (MSMs) requires the specification of a nuisance model describing the conditional relationship between treatment allocation and confounders. However, there is still limited information on the best strategy for building these treatment models in practice. We developed a series of simulations to systematically determine the effect of including different types of candidate variables in such models. We explored the performance of IPTW estimators across several scenarios of increasing complexity, including one designed to mimic the complexity typically seen in large pharmacoepidemiologic studies.Our results show that including pure predictors of treatment (i.e. not confounders) in treatment models can lead to estimators that are biased and highly variable, particularly in the context of small samples. The bias and mean‐squared error of the MSM‐based IPTW estimator increase as the complexity of the problem increases. The performance of the estimator is improved by either increasing the sample size or using only variables related to the outcome to develop the treatment model. Estimates of treatment effect based on the true model for the probability of treatment are asymptotically unbiased.We recommend including only pure risk factors and confounders in the treatment model when developing an IPTW‐based MSM. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seilverspanntes Portal am McCormick Place in Chicago
Authors: Michalowsky Wolfgang , Stephan Sören , Stief Udo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMcCormick Place in Chicago, Illinois, ist das größte Tagungs‐ und Kongresszentrum in den USA und das drittgrößte weltweit. Am Südeingang zu diesem Kongresszentrum wurde das hier beschriebene Eingangsportal errichtet. Der eigenwillige Entwurf und die Spannweite von 55 m bei einer Höhe von 17 m stellten eine reizvolle Aufgabe für Berechnung, Konstruktion und Montage dar. Im Beitrag konzentrieren sich die Autoren auf eine Beschreibung des Projektes und gehen dabei auf die besonderen Problemlösungen ein, die sich aus der 3D‐Modellierung der seilverspannten Konstruktion, der Windeinwirkung und der Montage ergaben.
Streptococcus suisinfection in Hong Kong: an emerging infectious disease?
Authors: MA E. , CHUNG P. H. , SO T. , WONG L. , CHOI K. M. , CHEUNG D. T. , KAM K. M. , CHUANG S. K. , TSANG T. ,   on behalf of the Collaborative Study Group on Streptococcus suis infection in Hong Kong
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYWe conducted a 31-month retrospective review of all laboratory-confirmedStreptococcus suisinfections admitted to public hospitals in Hong Kong. Strain identification, serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted onS. suisisolates. Twenty-one sporadic cases were identified, comprising 18 (86%) males and 3 (14%) females. About half were patients aged ⩾65 years. More cases occurred during summer. Occupational exposure was documented in five (24%) cases. The estimated annual incidence was 0·09/100 000 in the general population and 32/100 000 in people with occupational exposure to pigs and raw pork. The primary clinical manifestations were meningitis (48%), septicaemia (38%) and endocarditis (14%). The case-fatality rate was 5%. All available isolates from 15 patients were serotype 2, sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, but resistant to tetracycline. Injury prevention and proper handling of pigs or raw pork should be advocated to both at-risk occupational groups and the general population.
Carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in the Toa Baja Well, Puerto Rico: Implications for burial diagenesis and hydrocarbon generation
Authors: González Luis A. 
Published: February 2008

The Toa Baja Well was drilled on the coastal plains of northern Puerto Rico with a total depth of 2705 m [Larue, 1990]. Interstratified limestone, quartz‐bearing calcareous sandstones, and shales dominate the uppermost 580 m and are separated from underlying rocks by an unconformity. Below this unconformity continuing to total depth, lithologies encountered consist of volcaniclastic sandstones/siltstones, pelagic carbonates, volcanic flows and either plutonic rocks or coarse‐grained immature sandstones derived from plutonic bodies.Stable isotopic data of carbonates suggest diagenetic modification under a meteoric and meteoric‐marine mixing environments for sediments above 915 m. A fracture zone near 915 m coincides with an abrupt shift in δ18O compositions indicating the presence of hotter fluids during alteration of these sediments. The depleted δ13C signatures occurring above a fault at 1220 m are suggestive of isotopically light gaseous hydrocarbons migrating through the fault and being oxidized as they dispersed through the sediment column. The abrupt shift in δ18O compositions and its coincidence with the fracture zone at 915 m suggest geopressuring and thermal buildup due to accumulation of hotter, upward migrating formational fluids. Estimated burial temperatures for the interval above 915 m do not exceed 40°C and are possibly lower due to circulating colder meteoric fluids. Maximum estimated burial temperatures for sediments below 915 m range from 80° to a a maximum of 150°C at 2400 m. The data suggests that the bulk of the sediment pile has not been exposed to temperatures above the oil window and possibly hydrocarbons have been generated deeper in the basin.
The relative permeabilities of quartzites and schists during active metamorphism at mid‐crustal levels
Authors: Chamberlain C. Page , Conrad Mark E. 
Published: February 2008

The ‘hot spot’ near Bristol, New Hampshire was an area of high fluid flow during metamorphism. In order to determine the mechanisms of fluid flow through the area, we made a detailed study of the δ18O values of quartz from an outcrop of interlayered quartzites and schists. Results indicate that the permeability of the quartzite was very low in comparison to that of the schist.The δ18qtz values from schist layers are remarkably homogenous (15.5–15.8), in contrast to the δ18qtz values of schist units outside of the hot spot, which vary widely. Quartz veins that cut the quartzites and pinch out in the schists have the same δ18O values (15.7) as quartz from the schists. In the quartzites, δ18qtz values immediately adjacent to the veins and schists are similar to those in the veins and schists, but decrease by ∼1 permil in the centers of the layer.We interpret these results to indicate that fluid flow in the hot spot was mainly through the schists and fractures in the quartzites. The oxygen isotope exchange fronts in the quartzites prove that there was some flow from the the schists and the fractures into the quartzites. Comparisons of the shapes of these exchange fronts with exchange fronts predicted by two different models of fluid flow in rocks indicate that fluid transport in the quartzite was predominantly by advection and that the kinetic rates of isotope exchange were fast relative to the advective velocity of the fluid infiltrating the system. Considering the slow rate of oxygen isotope exchange between quartz and a fluid, this implies that fluid flow from the schist and vein fracture into the quartzite was extremely limited.