bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on Diphtheria. II. Immunization against diphtheria in newborn babies and in infants
Authors: VAHLQUIST BO , MURRAY UNO , PERSSON N. G. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYIn many countries nowadays the antitoxic immunity against diphtheria is most unsatisfactory. In Sweden less than 10 per cent of the non immunized adults have antibodies in »protective» concentrations. As a consequence the mothers but infrequently transfer to their offspring the passive immunity, which was formerly assumed to be the rule. Hence the question of immunization already at an early age becomes topic. Earlier authors almost unanimously expressed the view that an immunization during the first months of life is not practicable the infants at this age being considered to have a poor antitoxin producing power. The results of the experiments published in this paper clearly demonstrate that this opinion is erroneous. Even the newborns react upon diphtheria immunization with aluminium precipihted toxoid, although the response in antibody formation is often delayed. Earlier workers seem to have been misled by one or several of the following errors: the slow reaction of the newborns; the more or less complete interference of »passive» antibodies, exceeding 1/50–1/10 A. U./cc, with the active immunization; and the importance of even minute amounts of »active» antibodies, indicating former sensitization, for the results of immunization.
Studies on Diphtheria. III. The duration of immunity against diphtheria following vaccination as compared with that following clinical disease and carrier state
Authors: VAHLQUIST BO , HACKZELL GUNNAR 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYA comparison is made between the antitoxin values found in the following groups of subjects: I. Subjects vaccinated two years and one year ago; II and III. Cases of clinical diphtheria 2 and 20 years ago; IV and V. Diphtheria carriers 2 and 20 years ago and VI. Non‐immunized control subjects. The results are condensed in table 6. The following facts should be stressed: The vaccinated subjects are by far better off, as judged from the antitoxin concentration, than the former clinical cases or carriers. The former carriers have on the whole somewhat better antitoxin values than the former clinical cases, when examined after 2 and 20 years but the difference is not very striking.The results do not give support to the view often held, namely, that the diphtheria cases represent a selection of poor reactors.
Antistreptolysin Titre in School Children
Authors: TUNEVALL GÖSTA 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARY103 children between 7 and 16 years of age have been clinically observed and followed up with AST for one year.1. AST in health in children 7 and 8 years of age generally was low. In older children AST was adjusted to a higher level unaltered up to the age of 16 years.2. Even very slight respiratory infections, likely to escape observation, often were followed by elevated AST persistant for a long time. Such elevations were most common in the youngest children.3. Chronic infections of the respiratory tract often were followed by elevated AST, especially when acconipanied by regional lymphoid reactions.4. The presence of hemolytic streptococci in the throat regularly influenced AST only when inflammatory reactions existed.5. According to these facts AST in school children should be very carefully evaluated as a sign of actual hemolytic streptococci infection.Finally, measles, even when apparently uncomplicated, often was followed by an elevation of AST.
Hormone Treatment of the Incompletely Descended Testicle
Authors: SUNDAL ALFRED 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIncomplete descent of the testicle should be treated in childhood, preferably from the age of eight upwards. Injections of gonadotrope hormones should be given these patients if the testicle retention is not accompanied by evident pathologic anatomic complications, such as hernia and hydrocele which indicate surgical treatment. Hormone treatment gives very good results with testicle retention where the testicle can be felt in or below the subcutaneous groin ring. The result may be less satisfactory in cases of cryptorchidism as the retention is often complicated by hernia or atrophied testicle. If the hormone cure fails, immediate operation is advised, as the hormone treatment loosens the tissue around the testicle and the testicle veins so that the testicle can more easily be brought into position.
The Principle of Evacuation of the Stomach in Infants and Prematures
Authors: VENDEL S. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryBy roentgen only the initial and final points of the evacuation curve of the stomach can be determined exactly enough. To follow the entire course of evacuation another technic was applied: the volume of gastric contents being measured at regular intervals by aspiration through a stomach tube. It was demonstrated that the stomach in infants empties with extreme regularity, following mostly a rectilinear curve, the emptying rate depending upon age and the constituents of the meal, and the variations tending to be much more confined than previously accepted.
The care and prevention of pes planus in the child of pre‐school age
Authors: NORDENFELT PER j. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIt is claimed that the prophylactic treatment of the pedal defects so common nowadays should aim to encourage the general development of the whole musculature, to lessen the strain on the feet imposed by modern living conditions and to avoid the harmful effects of restricting footgear. A form of active therapy, based on exercises to strengthen the foot muscles which should be carried out in the pre‐school years is also described. The limited value of arch supports and the most suitable footwear for pre‐school children are discussed.
TREATMENT OF ANAEMIA WITH PLASMA FROM DEOXYGENATED BLOOD
Authors: YLPPÖ ARVO 
Published: January 2008

Summary.Plasma from deoxygenated blood contains so called haematopoetins, which produce increase of haemoglobin, erythrocytes and reticulocytes in severely anaemic children.Among 12 children treated intravenously or intra‐abdominally three showed positive results.These haematopoetins exist also in the plasma of children with polycytaemia and after local stasis they can also be developed due to anoxia.
Micromodification of Van Slyke's Method of Determining the Alkali Reserve by Bicarbonate Titration
Authors: JOHNSSON TORSTEN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryDescription of a micromodifcation of Van Siyke's method of determining the akali reserve by biearbonate titration. This modified method seems to be practical for routine use.RésuméDescription d'une micromodification de la m'eathode de van Siyke pour déterminer les réserves d'aleali au moyen du titrage par le bicarbonate, qui parait pratiquement utilisable dans le travail de routineZusammenfassungBeschreibung einer Milromodifikation von van Siykes Methode zur Bestimmung der Alkalireserve durch Bikarbonatitrierung, welche für Routinarbeit praktisch anwendbar zu sein scheintResumenSe describe una micromodifición del método de van Styke para la determinación de la reserva de álcali mediante titulación de bicarbonato. Este método modificado es al parecer práctice para uso rutinario
Absence of Fructose from Human Cord Blood
Authors: KARVONEN M. J. 
Published: January 2008

Summary30 samples of human umbilical cord blood (the birth weights of the babies varied from 5.250 t o 5.140 g) were examined with the object of ascertaining the presence or absence of fructose, using Cole's method. In 3 samples 1 mg% fructose was found; in the resst no positive reaction was observed. The total (fermentable) sugar values as determined with Somogyi's method varied between 36 and 116mg%.Résumé30 exemplaires de sang du cordon ombilical humain (le poids) des nouveau‐nés variait de 2.240 à 5.140 g) ont été examinés par la méthode Cole, au sujet de la présence ou l'absence de fructose. Dans 3 exemplaires on a trouvé 1 mg%, dans les autres on n'a constaté aueune réaction positive. La valeue totale de sucre (frementable) déterminée par la méthode Somogyi variait entre 36 et 116 mg%.ZusammenfassungEs wurden 30 Proben von Nabelstrangsblut (das Geburtsgewicht der Kinder varierte von 2.240‐5.140 g) nach Cole's Methode untersucht, um das Vorhandensein oder Fehlen von Fruktose nachzuweisen. In 3 Proben fan man 1 mg%, die übrigen ergaben keine positive Reaktion. Die totalen (vergäbaren) nach Somogyi's Methode bestimmten Zuckerwerte schwankten zwischen 36 bis 116 mg%ResumenMediante el método de Cole se examinaron 30 muestras de sangre del cordön umbilical (los pesos de nacimiento de los ninos varín entre 2.240 y 5.140 g) para determinar la presencia de fructosa. En tres muestras se encorntoö ninguna reacción positiva. Los valores totales de azúcar (fermdentable) varian entre 36 y 116 milígramos por ciento, determinados segün el método de Somogyi
On the Cause of Familial Deaths in Early Childhood, with Particular Reference to Some Uncommon Conditions
Authors: WERGELAND HJALMAR 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe writer mentions a number of diseases which may cause familial deaths in early childhood and reports the cases ‐ a total of 10 ‐ observed in the Pediatric Department of the State Hospital, Copenhagen, in the course of the last 3 years.At the end of the paper the writer sets out in tabular form all the diseases which he has found described in the literature as causes of early familial deaths.RésuméL'auteur mentionne un nombre de maladies qui peuvent causer la mort familiale dans la prime enfance, il rapporte les cas ‐ au total de 10 ‐ observés à la section de Pédiatrie de l'H&#x006f;&#x030c;pital de l'Etat à Copenhague au cours des 3 derniéres années. A la fin de l'article donne sous forme de tableau toutes les maladies qu'il a trouvé décrites dans la littérature comme causes de mort familiale prématurée.ZusammenfassungDer Verfasser erwähnt eine Anzahl Krankheiten, Welche familienweise Todesfälle in früther Kindheit verursachen können und berichtet die Fälle ‐ im GAnzen 10 ‐ die in der pädiatrischen Abteilng des staatlichen Hospitals Kopenhagen in den letzten 3 Jahren beobachtet wurden. Zum Schluss stellt er in Tabbellenform alle Krankheiten zusammen, die er in der Literatur als Ursache familiärer frühzeitiger Todesfälle beschrieben fand.ResumenEl autor describe cierto nümero de enfermedades que en la primera infancia pueden eacusar fallecimientos dentro de una misma familia e informa sobre los casos ‐ en total diez ‐ obser vados en la Sección Pediátrica del Hospital del Estado en Copenhagen durante los últimos tres afios. Al final del informe el autor expone en un cuadro todas las enfermedades que ha encontrado en la literatura médica como causantes de fallecimientos en la primera infancia y dentrro de una misma familia.
Niemann‐Pick's Disease Acute and Chronic Type?
Authors: VIDEBÆK AAGE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case is reported of Niemann‐Pick's disease diagnosed in a Danish boy, aged 36 months. Treatment with liver extract, insulin, and vitamin K resulted in temporary improvement. The disease ran a course of at least more than 3 years, a period far exceeding any observed hitherto, the boy living until the age of 5½ years. On the basis of 72 cases from the literature and his own, set out in tabular form, the writer reviews the possible etiology, the pathogenesis, symptomatology, course, prognosis, and treatment of the disease. Niemann‐Pick's disease is equally common in boys and girls, occurring most frequently during the first 2 years of life, but sometimes being observed in older children and adults. Nearly half the children affected are Jewish. Familial occurrence has been reported in about 30 per cent of the cases, so far only among siblings. Age distribution and survival time are presented in tabular form. The average duration of the disease is 9 months.RésuméUn cas de la maladie de Niemann‐Pick diagnostiquée chez un garç danois de 26 mois. Un traitement par extrait de foie, insuline et vitamines K a amené un mieux temporaire. La maladie a eu une durée minimale de plus de trois ans, durée bien supérieure à ce qui avait été observé jusqu'iei, le garcon a vécujusqu'à l'âage de 5 and ½ Sur la base de 72 cas, de la littérature et des siens propores, mis sous forme de tableau, l'auteur passe en revue l'étiologie possible, la pathogénie, la symptomatologie, le cours, le prognostique et le traitement de cette maladie, La maladie de Niemann‐Pick est éagalement commune chez les garçons et chez les filles, se déclarant le plus souvent durant les 2 premiéres années de la vie, mais constaté quelquefois, chez des enfants plus âgées ou chez des adultes. Presque la moitié des enfants sont juifs. L'hérédite familiale a étéa rapportée dans environ 30% des cas. Jusqul' ici seulement parmi les frées et sœurs. La répartition des ages et la durée de la survive sont présentées sous forme de tableau. La durée moyenne de cette maladie est de 9 mois.ZusammenfassungEin Fall von Niemann‐Pick's Krankheit bei einem 26 Monate alten dänischen Knaben. Behandlung mit Leberextrakt, Insulin und Vitamin K hatten zeitweilig Verbesserrung zur Folge. Die Krankheit hatte einene mehr als dreijährigen Verlauf, ein nach den bisherigen Beobachtungen ässerst seltener Zeitraum, und der Knabe erlebte ein Alter von 5½ Jahren. Auf Grund seines Falles und 72 Fälle aus der Litteratur, in Tabbellenform zusammengestellt, untersucht der Verfasser die mögliche Ätiologie, Pathologenese, Symptomatologie, Verlauf, Prognose und Behandlung der Krankheit. Sie ist gleich häfig bei Knaben und Mädchen, tritt meist in den ersten 2 Lebensjahren auf, wird aber zuweilen auch bei älteren Kindern und Erwachsenen beobachtet. Fast die Hälfte der Kinder sind jüdisch. Familiares Vorkommen unter Geschwistern wurde in ca 30% der Fälle herichted. Die Alters verteilung und die Überlebenszeit ist in Tabellenform dargestellt. Die durchschnittliche Dauer der Krankheit ist 9 Monate.
Psychosomatic Pediatrics
Authors: HEINILD SVEND 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAn examination made in a Copenhagen children's hospital shows that 53 Yo of the patients over 2 years of age weresuffering from psychosomatic affections rather than purely organic lesions. The importance of future work in pediatric psychiatry and psychology is discussed.RésuméUn examen fait dans un hôpital d'enfants â Copenhague a montré que 52% des patients au‐dessus de 2 and souffraient d'affections psychosomatiques plus que de pures lésions organiques. L'importance de futures études de psychiateie et de psychologie en pédratrie est discutée.ZusammenfassungEine in einem Kopenhagener Kinderspital Vorgenommene Untersuchung ergab, dass 52% der über 2 Jahre alten Patienten an psychosomatischen Affektionen, vielmehr als an rein organischen Laesionen litten. Es wird die Wichtigkeit der zukünftigen Arbeit in paediatrischer Psychiatrie und Psychologie diskutiertResumenUn examen efectuado en el Hospital Infantil de Copenhague muestra que el 52% de los ninos de más de 2 anos sufrín más de afecciones psicomáticas que de lesiones puramente orgánicas. Se discute la importancia del trabajo futuro de psiquiatría pediátrica y de la psicologia.
Condition alimentaire chez les écoliers d'écoles primaires de Helsinki examinée d'après la méthode d'Oeder
Authors: RUOTSALAINEN ARMAS 
Published: January 2008

RésuméA la suite de mes recherches antérieures et des expériences obtenues pendant les recherches en question, je suis arrivéà la conclusion que la méthode de mensuration d'un pli de la peau éleré pent étre utilisée avee succès p. ex. pour préciser en chiffres l'état alimentaire des écoliers, surtout si l'on se sert en même temps, comme base de définition, de tables spéciales d'estimation se rattachant à méthode d'examen.SummaryOn the basis of my earlier research and the experience gained in connection therewith, I have come to the conclusion that measurement of a raised fold of skin provides en effective means of for example determining numerically the state of nourishment of school children. The method is particularly successful if combined with special evaluation tables affording a basis of definition.ZusammenfassungAuf Grund meiner friiheren Forschungen und der dabei gemachten Erfahrungen kam ich zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Methode, eine abgehobene Hautfalte zu messen, mit Erfolg angewendet werden kann, urn z. B. den Ernährungszustand der Schulkinder in Ziffern festzulegen, besonders wenn men dabei als Bestimmungs‐grundlage spezielle, sich auf diese Untersnchungsmethode beziehende Werttabellen benützt.ResumenPartiendo de mis investigaciones anteriores y de las experiencias acummuladas durante las misams, he ilegado a la conclusión de que el método de medición de un pliegue elevado de la piel puede ser utilizado ventajosamente, por ejamplo para precisar en cifras el estado alimenticio de los escolares, sobrre todo si al mismo tiempo se usan, como base de definición, cuadros especiales de estimación sujetos a este método.
A Case of Tuberculous Hepatitis and its Biological Reactions
Authors: CHOREMIS CONSTANTINE V. , NINIOS NICOLAOS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA 14‐year old boy the syniptoms of whose disease suggested an acute liver abscess. Laparotoniy was therefore performed. Macroscopic examiuation as well as biopsy proved dissemiiiated tuberculosis of the liver. Tlie following are some interesting points from the examination of this case:1. A positive blood culture for Koch's bacillus.2. Negative tuberculin reaction even in a potency of 1:100. It was only after streptomycin treatment that a positive reaction was obtained, but still it wm not a strong positive reaction (++).3. Tlie high sedimentation rate of erythrocytes.Certain points of view are given about the iniportance of the progress of these biological findings.This case was treated with streptomycin. The total dosage administered was 45 grams. As a result the patient's temperature dropped and his liver symptoms were relieved.The patient's condition has since been normal to the present time.
Forward Subluxation of the Atlas Following Birth Trauma
Authors: LOUNAVAARA K. I. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe author describes a case of a 2 month old child in which a posteriorly infected retropharyngeal hematoma following birth trauma caused a heavy laryngeal stridor and later, the stridor having lasted 4 weeks, as a secondary result a » spontaneous » forward luxation of the atlas which hitherto has not been described in a newborn child. He considers this subluxation to be caused by decalcification following infectious hyperemia. Based on the development of the disease, he establishes the reversibility of this process. At an autopsy performed immediately upon death confirmation of the diagnosis was facilitated by the presence of the hereditary heart disease.RésuméCas ?un enfant de 2 mois chez lequel une hénatome rétropharyngienne, provenant ?un trauma de naissance, et infectée ultérieurement, a causé une grave stridultation laryngienne et plus tard, la stridultation ayant duré 4 semaines, comme résultat secondaire, une » spontanée » luxation en avant de ľatlas laquelle, jusqu'iei, n'a pas été décrite chez un nouveau‐né. ľauteur considère que cette subluxation est causée par la décalcification qui suit une hypérémie infectieuse. Se basant sur le déeloppement de la maladie, il établit la réversibilité de ce processus. Lors ?une autopsie, faite imméliatement après la mort, la confirmation du diagnostic était facilityée par la présence de la maladie de coeur héréditaire.ZusammenfassungDer Autor beschreibt einen Fall eines 2 Mon. alten Kindes bei welchem ein durch Geburtstrauma entstandenes, später in‐fiziertes retropharyngeales Haematom iieftigen Larynx‐Stridor und nach 4 Wochen langer Dauer desselben als sekundäre Folge eine » spontane » Vorwärts‐Luxation des Atlas verursachte, wie sie bisher bei Neugeborenen noch nicht beschrieben worden war. Er betrachtet diese Subluxation als durch Entkalkung infolge einer Infektions‐Hyperaemie hervorgerufen. Auf Grund des Krankheitsverlaufes stellt er die Reversibilität dieses Prozesses fest. Bei einer unmittelbar nach dem Tode vorgenommenen Autopsie wurde die Bestätigung der Diagnose durch das Vor‐hand ein eines hereditären Herzfehlers erleichtert.ResumesEl autor describe el caso de un niño de 2 meses de edad, en el que una hematoma retrofaríngea, posteriormente infectada, siguiendo a un trauma de nacimiento, causó un fuerte estridor laríngeo y más tarde, cuando el estridor había durado 4 semanas, dió lugar, como resultado secundario, a una espontánea luxación hacia adelante del atlas, lo cual no se ha descrito hasta ahora en un niño recién nacido. El autor consider a que esta subluxación fué causada por descalcificación, siguiendo a una hiperemia infecciosa. Basándose en el desarrollo de la enfermedad, el autor establece la reversibilidad de este proceso. Durante una autopsia efectuada inmediatamente después de la muerte, se facilityó la confirmación del diagnóstics por la presencia de una enfermedad hereditaria cardíaca.
DETAILED CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL REPORT ON TWO BROTHERS SUFFERING FROM LIGNAC‐FANCONI DISEASE: (Cases 10 and 11 in this series)
Authors: PHILPOTT M. G. , HARVEY C. C. , FINCH E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe case records of two brothers suffering from Lignac‐Fanconi disease are given in detail. Two further siblings probably suffered from the disease. The results of certain special investigations are discussed. In a mineral balance we have not been able to prove that the hypophosphataemia in one of the cases was due to an excessive excretion of phosphorus.In both brothers the glutamic acid level in the serum was found to be raised. This supports the view that a disorder of aminoacid metabolism is the underlying cause of the disease. It is suggested that the large quantity of aminoacids passed by the kidneys has a nephrotoxic action. The pathogenesis of other features of the disease can be explained by dysfunction of tubular reabsorption caused by this action, and the ultimate onset of renal failure can be explained by the same action involving the glomeruli.With alkali therapy the general condition of both boys has improved, although a normal plasma CO2 combining power could not be reached in either case. High vitamin D dosage has produced some healing of the skeletal changes, but attention is drawn to the possibly dangerous effects of this treatment. One case died from heart failure secondary to renal failure after three months treatment.The genetics of the disease are discussed. The evidence presented from our cases seems to confirm the theory of a recessive inheritance.