bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro Evaluation of Different Levels of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Nut Meal Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation Kinetics and Digestibility
Authors: Rashmi K.M. , Prabhu T.M. , Patil Vivek M. , Madhusudhan H.S. , Soren N.M. , Giridhar K.S. , Pandey Hemantkumar 
Published: February 2024

Background: Globally, safeguarding food and nutritional security of ever increasing population demands sustainable crop and livestock production. While urbanization, decrease in cultivable land and stiff feed-fuel-food competition accompanied with skyrocketing price of conventional feedstuffs hinders the sustainable livestock production. Hence, it necessitates search and exploration of alternative feed resources along with judicious utilization of existing feed resources. In this context, Cashew nut meal (CNM) is one such alternative feed resource but the studies pertaining to its optimum level of inclusion in animal diet is scanty. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess the effect of incorporating varying levels of cashew nut meal (CNM) as a supplement on in vitro rumen fermentation kinetics and digestibility. Methods: Seven distinct compounded feed mixtures (CFM) were formulated, with CNM progressively replacing 0 (C0), 10 (C1), 20 (C2), 30 (C3), 40 (C4), 50 (C5), and 60 (C6) per cent of the soybean meal (SBM) protein present in the control CFM. Additionally, seven experimental complete diets (T0 to T6) were prepared by blending these CFM with Super Napier (Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum glaucum) hay in a 40:60 ratio. These diets were subjected to rumen in vitro gas production (RIVGP) study with cumulative gas production measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 96 h post-incubation. Subsequently, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) of the diets were determined using a modified in vitro two-stage technique. Later, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) were estimated using gas chromatography. Result: Analysis of chemical composition revealed that CNM contains good protein of 256.5 g/kg. The potential gas production (D) and the rate and extent of gas production (c) for diets containing CNM ranged from 54.63 to 60.24 mL and 0.036 to 0.043 h-1, respectively. IVTDMD and NDFD analysis of the seven diets fell within the range of 79.12% to 80.80% and 64.72% to 66.47%, respectively. The estimated TVFA for seven diets ranged from 17.87 to 23.65 mM. Further, the metabolisable energy (ME) of diets ranged from 7.89 to 8.08 MJ/kg DM. Importantly, no significant differences were observed in rumen fermentation kinetics parameters, IVTDMD, NDFD and TVFA among treatments (T0 to T6). In conclusion, cashew nut meal could be used as an alternative to soybean meal in compounded feed mixtures of ruminants up to 30% (w/w) without any adverse effect on rumen fermentation pattern and digestibility.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HOLISTIC CARE-BASED HEALTH EDUCATION PREVENTS EARLY TEENAGE MARRIAGE AT ISLAMIC SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 4 BAOURNE BOJONEGORO
Authors: Muhidayati Wiwik , Nuryanti Titik , AZIZAH NUR , Afandi Agus ari , Admasari Yuli 
Published: February 2024

Background: Teenage are in the age range between 10-19 years. Meanwhile, teenage is a period of transitional development from childhood to adulthood so that it will influence holistic changes both biologically, psychologically, socially and spiritually. Early marriages (<19 tahun) should not be carried out considering the many risks that may occur to the mother and baby. Therefore, it is important to know the influence of holistic care-based health education on efforts to prevent early teenage marriage. Method: The design of this research is quasi-experimental with a pre-posttest control group design. The population in the study was all MAN 4 Baureno school student totaling 313 respondents. The sample was 37 respondents using a non-probability method using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a questionnaire and the Wilcoxon Sign Ranks Test was carried out with a significance level of 0.05.Result: The results of the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test showed a value of p = 0.000 (p<0.05) meaning that there was a significant difference in the level of knowledge and after holistic care education was carried out. Conclusion : Holistic care-based education can increase knowledge. Holistic care-based education seen from a biological, psychological, social and spiritual perspective is very suitable for health education, health services and health development that is suitable for adolescent children.
FACTORS AFFECTING EARLY COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING OF MOTHERS WITH BABIES AGED 0-6 MONTHS
Authors: Nataningtyas Candra Dewinataningtyas , Kumalasari Dian , Kurniasari Mia Ashari , Putri Ellatyas Rahmawati Tejo 
Published: February 2024

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding for babies from 0 to 6 months of age and continued until 2 years of age can promote healthy growth and development. According to the WHO, in 2020, if a child receives complementary foods before 6 months of age, their growth will be delayed, and the risk of diarrhea is 17 times higher and the risk of upper respiratory tract infection is 3 times higher. The problem of this study is that the rate of early complementary food distribution for babies aged 0–6 months is still high. This study aims to determine factors affecting early complementary feeding for babies from 0 to 6 months of age. Method: The design of this research is descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The research was carried out in July–September 2023 in Banaran Village, Kediri East Java, with a sample of 32 respondents consisting of mothers with babies aged 0–6 months who had been given early complementary feeding. Sampling is done by consecutive sampling. The variables in this study are factors that influence the provision of early complementary feeding for mothers with babies aged 0–6 months. Data was obtained through direct interviews with respondents using a questionnaire. Results: This study showed that the factors affecting early complementary feeding are socio-cultural factors with high category (81.3%), knowledge level factors with medium category (50%), personal factors with low category (87.6%) and promotional advertising for infant formula and baby food have medium category (71.9%). Conclusion: research results shows that the factors affecting early complementary feeding for babies from aged 0-6 months are socio-cultural factors, personal factors, and promotional advertising factors.
The Role of Wrench Fault Tectonics and Relative Changes of Sea Level on
Deposition of Upper Miocene - Pliocene Pismo Formation, Pismo Syncline,
California
Authors: Stanley K. O. , Surdam Ronald C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Pismo Formation records late Miocene and Pliocene sedimentation on the margin of an extensional wrench-fault basin between the West Huasna Fault Zone and the Hosgri Fault Zone. The formation is made up of three depositional sequences of relatively conformable successions of genetically related strata bound by unconformities. The earliest sequence of late Miocene and early Pliocene age rests unconformably on Monterey highstand deposits and records a major downward shift in coastal onlap associated with a fall of relative sea level. This downward shift in coastal onlap was brought about by uplift associated with formation of the basin and right lateral movement on the faults bounding the basin, the West Huasna system, and by the 6.6 million years before present Messinian global fall in sea level. The fall in global sea level accentuated deformation that resulted from tectonic uplift at the basin margin and led to deposition of lowstand deposits.
A subsequent rise in sea level resulted in a rapid landward shift in coastal onlap and the deposition of nearshore inner neritic sandstone of the Edna Member. These sandstones interfinger to the southwest with outer neritic mudstone and diatomaceous strata and step landward as relative sea level continued to rise. Cessation of coastal onlap and rapid seaward progradation of neritic sandstones at the top of the sequence, together with the presence of Thalassinoides hardgrounds and penecontemporaneous dolomite concretions in coeval offshore diatomaceous strata, indicate a relative high-stand of sea level. Maximum water depths indicated by laminated diatomaceous strata in their most landward stratigraphic position probably correspond to highstands of global sea level, but also were influenced by early Pliocene subsidence of the basin margin. Relative fall in sea level and downward shift in coastal onlap is indicated by the unconformity between the upper Miocene-lower Pliocene sequence and overlying upper Pliocene sequences. Both upper Pliocene sequences are thin and made up of transgressive inner neritic sandstone and minor outer neritic mudstones and diatomaceous mud-stone. These younger sequences reflect a progressive decrease in accommodation during highstands of global sea level caused by late Pliocene uplift and folding of the Pismo Syncline. The stratal associations and arrangement within depositional sequences provide a basis for evaluating the role of global sea level changes and tectontism on sedimentation in wrench basins. Both factors strongly influenced deposition of the Pismo Formation in the Pismo Syncline, the northeastern margin of the Pismo Basin.
Origin of Dolomites in the Monterey Formation
Authors: Kablanow R.I. , Surdam R.C. , Prezbindowski D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Monterey Formation in the Pismo and Huasna Basins is characterized by four lithofacies (siliceous, calcareous, phosphatic, and siliciclastic). Each lithofacies contains dolomite as matrix, cements, concretions, replacement features, and as fracture fillings. Some dolomites apparently represent a single diagenetic event, whereas others clearly result from multiple diagenetic events.
Due to its complex diagenetic history the dolomite exhibits a wide range of isotopic compositions (δ13C = -25.5 to +16.8 °/oo and δ180 = -7.2 to +1.2 °/oo, relative to PDB). In the various facies of the Pismo Basin the dolomite replacing microfossils typically exhibits δ13C values of about -15.0 °/oo and an estimated isotopic temperature of formation (T.F.) of 50°C (δ180 values from -3 to -4; using a water δ18q composition of 0.0). In the Huasna Basin the dolomite in the calcareous facies exhibits a range of compositions and T.F. {δ13C = -7.3 to +l.l°/oo and δ180 = -2.0 to -4.0, T.F. of 40 to 50°C). The siliceous facies from both basins contains dolomite, as matrix and framework grain replacements, with the following compositions: δ13C = +6.5 to +12.0 and T.F. of 35 to 50OC (δ*80 = -7.0 to +0.8). The above isotopic compositional differences are interpreted as resulting primarily from variations in burial rates for different lithofacies.
Other conclusions drawn from the isotopic data pertain to concretion growth and the spatial distribution of high temperature dolomite. Concretions and replacement structures from both basins and from various lithofacies show very large variations in isotopic composition [δ13C = -7.6 to +16.8 0/00) and T.F. (from 26 to 52°C, 6I80 = +1.2 to -4). Some concretionary growth occurred at or near the sediment-water interface, whereas other concretionary structures grew at greater depth and higher temperatures. All dolomite samples characterized by high temperatures of formation (&gt;70°C) are spatially associated with regionally significant fluid conduits, either faults or large sand bodies.
A Thermally Subsiding Basin Model for the Maturation of Hydrocarbons in
the Pismo Basin, California
Authors: Heasler Henry P. , Surdam Ronald C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Previously developed models which describe the formation of a sedimentary basin due to cooling lithospheric material (D. L. Turcotte’s method) and the generation of hydrocarbons as a function of time and temperature (D. W. Waples’ method) have been applied to the Pismo Basin in San Luis Obispo County, California. This basin was studied because of its excellent hydrocarbon potential due to organic rich sediments. The Miocene Monterey Formation contains as much as 5 weight percent organic carbon and is as much as 1500 meters thick in the Pismo Basin. A thermally subsiding basin model was applied to the basin as suggested by the complex tectonic history of the region in order to determine the maturity of the Monterey Formation.
Thermal parameters calculated from the subsiding basin model are in agreement with reported values for the area. Calculated parameters include a heat flow value of 105 milliwatts per square meter, a thermal gradient of 50°C per kilometer, and a basin depth of 2.9 kilometers.
Applying Waples’ method for the maturation of hydrocarbons to the modeled thermal regime results in the following conclusions:1.In the central portion of the Pismo Basin the Monterey Formation has entered the liquid oil window at 1.6 kilometers below the present ground surface.2.At 2.0 kilometers below the surface the Monterey Formation has entered the zone of intense oil generation.3.At 2.2 kilometers below the surface (340 meters above the volcaniclastic Obispo Formation) oil generation in the Monterey Formation has ceased due to high temperatures.
Categorizing and quantifying doctor’s extended answers and their strategies in medical teleconsultations
Authors: Li Huaikui Kevin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study analyzes 210 clinical teleconsultations using corpus software to categorize and quantify doctors’ extended answers and communication strategies. The results indicate that doctors’ extended answers can be divided into seven categories, with explanations for not being able to provide accurate diagnoses having the highest percentage (40.7%), followed by justifications for diagnoses at 30.8%. The remaining categories have significantly lower frequencies. Particularly the two categories of giving soothing words or apology, and providing non-medication resources only account for 3.2% and 3.9% respectively. Brown & Levinson’s communication strategy framework is applied to categorize strategies used in extended answers. Four strategies are identified: baldly on-record strategy (BORS), positive politeness strategy (PPS), negative politeness strategy (NPS), and off-record strategy (ORS). Among these, there are two categories of BORS, three categories of PPS, seven categories of NPS and one category of ORS. NPSs are the most frequently used (83.0%). BORSs represent a portion of 9.6%. PPSs account for 6.4% and ORS is the least used (1.0%). Among NPSs the category of making vague diagnoses has the highest percentage (31.4%), followed by the category of providing justifications or explanations for diagnoses (30.0%). The remaining ones each have far lower percentages. The categories of minimizing an imposition and explaining reasons of not being able to make accurate diagnoses have a proportion at 12.1% and 6.7% respectively. The other three ones account for not more than 3% in total, with the category of making an apology in speech acts of imposition only accounting for 0.2%. The two categories of BORSs, directly asking patients to accept certain treatments, and to adopt certain rehabilitation have percentages of not great difference (5.1% versus 4.5%). In PPSs, the category of being optimistic represents the dominant proportion (4.2%). The category of using in-group markers is the least employed (0.4%).
ChatGPT Demonstrates Potential for Identifying Psychiatric Disorders: Application to Childbirth-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Bartal Alon , Jagodnik Kathleen M. , Chan Sabrina J. , Dekel Sharon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Free-text analysis using Machine Learning (ML)-based Natural Language Processing (NLP) shows promise for diagnosing psychiatric conditions. Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) has demonstrated preliminary initial feasibility for this purpose; however, whether it can accurately assess mental illness remains to be determined. This study evaluates the effectiveness of ChatGPT and the text-embedding-ada-002 (ADA) model in detecting post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth (CB-PTSD), a maternal postpartum mental illness affecting millions of women annually, with no standard screening protocol. Using a sample of 1,295 women who gave birth in the last six months and were 18 + years old, recruited through hospital announcements, social media, and professional organizations, we explore ChatGPT’s and ADA’s potential to screen for CB-PTSD by analyzing maternal childbirth narratives only. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5; cutoff 31) was used to assess CB-PTSD. By developing an ML model that utilizes numerical vector representation of the ADA model, we identify CB-PTSD via narrative classification. Our model outperformed (F1 score: 0.82) ChatGPT and six previously published large language models (LLMs) trained on mental health or clinical domains data, suggesting that the ADA model can be harnessed to identify CB-PTSD. Our modeling approach could be generalized to assess other mental health disorders. 1
Implementation and evaluation of portfolio assessment in the “Introduction to Clinical Medicine” course at a Korean medical school: analysis of the content validity index and inter-rater reliability
Authors: Han Jae-Jin , Yoo Dong-Mi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background Portfolio assessment is a comprehensive educational method that is crucial for fostering professionalism, knowledge, and skills. This study addresses the need for reliable evaluation methods in medical education, specifically focusing on the “Introduction to Clinical Medicine” (ICM) course and emphasizing ways of overcoming challenges related to portfolio assessment, such as ensuring evaluators' responsibilities and the reliability of the results.Methods The study included 124 portfolios from the ICM course at E University Medical School. Seven experienced evaluators received training to promote consistent scoring. The evaluation process consisted of three stages: analytical scoring, one-on-one feedback, and comprehensive evaluation. Inter-rater reliability was examined using correlation coefficients and kappa statistics. Content validity was evaluated using the content validity index (CVI).Results The inter-rater reliability analysis demonstrated a strong positive correlation between evaluators, along with high kappa coefficients, indicating a substantial level of agreement. The content validity of the assessment was shown by CVI scores of 0.90 or higher for all items, confirming the validity of the established portfolio evaluation criteria.Conclusions The study validated the reliability and content validity of portfolio assessment in the ICM course, demonstrating its consistency with educational objectives. The results indicate that portfolio assessment could be an effective and credible evaluation method in medical education. To broaden its applicability, recommendations are made to reduce evaluator subjectivity and improve the quality of the overall evaluation process.
Are the Risk of Generalizability Biases Generalizable? A Meta-Epidemiological Study
Authors: von Klinggraeff Lauren , Pfledderer Chris D. , Burkart Sarah , Ramey Kaitlyn , Smith Michal , McLain Alexander C. , Armstrong Bridget , Weaver R. Glenn , Okely Anthony , Lubans David , Ioannidis John P.A. , Jago Russell , Turner-McGrievy Gabrielle , Thrasher James , Li Xiaoming , Beets Michael W. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Preliminary studies (e.g., pilot/feasibility studies) can result in misleading evidence that an intervention is ready to be evaluated in a large-scale trial when it is not. Risk of Generalizability Biases (RGBs, a set of external validity biases) represent study features that influence estimates of effectiveness, often inflating estimates in preliminary studies which are not replicated in larger-scale trials. While RGBs have been empirically established in interventions targeting obesity, the extent to which RGBs generalize to other health areas is unknown. Understanding the relevance of RGBs across health behavior intervention research can inform organized efforts to reduce their prevalence.
Purpose
The purpose of our study was to examine whether RGBs generalize outside of obesity-related interventions.
Methods
A systematic review identified health behavior interventions across four behaviors unrelated to obesity that follow a similar intervention development framework of preliminary studies informing larger-scale trials (i.e., tobacco use disorder, alcohol use disorder, interpersonal violence, and behaviors related to increased sexually transmitted infections). To be included, published interventions had to be tested in a preliminary study followed by testing in a larger trial (the two studies thus comprising a study pair). We extracted health-related outcomes and coded the presence/absence of RGBs. We used meta-regression models to estimate the impact of RGBs on the change in standardized mean difference (ΔSMD) between the preliminary study and larger trial.
Results
We identified sixty-nine study pairs, of which forty-seven were eligible for inclusion in the analysis (k = 156 effects), with RGBs identified for each behavior. For pairs where the RGB was present in the preliminary study but removed in the larger trial the treatment effect decreased by an average of ΔSMD=-0.38 (range − 0.69 to -0.21). This provides evidence of larger drop in effectiveness for studies containing RGBs relative to study pairs with no RGBs present (treatment effect decreased by an average of ΔSMD =-0.24, range − 0.19 to -0.27).
Conclusion
RGBs may be associated with higher effect estimates across diverse areas of health intervention research. These findings suggest commonalities shared across health behavior intervention fields may facilitate introduction of RGBs within preliminary studies, rather than RGBs being isolated to a single health behavior field.
Anti-tau single domain antibodies clear pathological tau and attenuate its toxicity and related functional defects
Authors: Nair Sudershana , Jiang Yixiang , Chernobelsky Elizabeth , Marchal Isabella , Huang Huai-Wei , Suh Sarah , Pan Ruimin , Kong Xiang-Peng , Ryoo Hyungdon , Sigurdsson Einar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the presence of tau inclusions. We have developed over fifty anti-tau single domain antibodies (sdAbs) derived from phage display libraries of a llama immunized with recombinant and pathological tau immunogens. We examined the therapeutic potential of four of these sdAbs in Drosophila tauopathy model following their transgenic expression either in all neurons or neuronal subtypes. Three of these sdAbs showed therapeutic potential in various assays, effectively clearing pathological tau and attenuating or preventing tau-induced phenotypes that typically manifest as defects in neuronal axonal transport, neurodegeneration, functional impairments, and shortened lifespan. Of these three, one sdAb was superior in every assay, which may at least in part be attributed to its tau binding epitope. These findings support its development as a gene therapy for tauopathies.