bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the traditional Chinese diet and its association with health status—a systematic review
Authors: Niu Jizhao , Li Bai , Zhang Qing , Chen Ge , Papadaki Angeliki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context
Increased adherence to a traditional Chinese diet (TCD) could reduce the increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases. Currently, there is no consistent definition of the TCD in the literature, and its associations with health outcomes have not yet been identified.

Objective
This systematic review aimed to assess the definition of the TCD, in the literature, and to evaluate whether the TCD, as described, is associated with health outcomes.

Data sources
Fourteen databases were searched up to April 25, 2022.

Data extraction
Three reviewers (in pairs) independently screened and extracted data. A modified risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of the studies assessing the TCD definition; the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool were used to assess the quality of the observational studies and randomized controlled trials assessing associations between the TCD and health outcomes.

Data analysis
Ninety-nine studies were identified that assessed the TCD definition. In at least 75% of the studies, rice and leafy vegetables were consistently reported as food groups that characterize the TCD; the most frequently cited food items were white rice, spinach, bokchoy, and cabbage. Fish and seafood, pork, and pork products were consistently reported in studies exclusively referring to the TCD consumed in southern China (n = 21 studies), whereas wheat and wheat products were commonly reported in studies focusing on northern China (n = 14 studies). Fifteen studies reported on the quantities of food groups that are characteristic of the TCD, but their findings were inconsistent. Of the 99 studies, 54 assessed associations with health outcomes. The TCD was overall inversely associated with obesity risk and weight gain, while relationships between the TCD and other health outcomes were inconsistent.

Conclusion
Further studies are needed to determine the quantities of foods consumed in the TCD and to establish a consistent definition for further exploration of the TCD’s potential role in preventing non-communicable diseases.
The Dignity of Legal Subjects
Authors: Huq Aziz Z 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The dignitary account of the rule of law proposes that values of human dignity and agency are appropriately recognised through legal rules and institutions that create opportunities for legal subjects to engage in deliberation and the exercise of practical reason. In a collection of essays published over a period of almost two decades, Thoughtfulness and the Rule of Law, Jeremy Waldron offers a comprehensive account of the grounds and institutional implications of taking dignity so understood as a core rule-of-law desideratum. The ensuing account is novel, stimulating and distinct. There is, however, a chasm between the platforms identified by Waldron and his ambition of advancing dignity. Further, a dignity norm cannot supply a plausible evaluative benchmark under all (or most) plausible circumstances. Its domain might in consequence be more circumscribed than Waldron intimates.
From Surveying to Surveillance: Maritime Cartography and Naval (Self-)Tracking in the Long Nineteenth Century
Authors: Caputo Sara 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the eighteenth century, ‘ship tracks’, lines recording vessels’ movements on charts, facilitated wayfinding, hydrographical surveys and territorial claims. During the long nineteenth century, however, their main function shifted from surveying of the marine environment to surveillance of officers’ movements and actions. Using textual and cartographical sources produced by British naval officers, this article argues that geosurveillance and the continuous visual tracking of individuals with reference to mapping systems were developed at sea, long before the aerial and digital revolutions, and independently of panoptical models. In the nineteenth century, most cartographical tracking was disciplined self-tracking, actively performed by the surveilled themselves. This required their employers (notably the state) to emphasize honour, training, conscientiousness and procedure. The Admiralty used tracks for testing performance, verifying accounts, establishing responsibilities and co-ordinating movement. Monitoring individuals through their record was the natural inverse of a pattern discussed by historians of science: data verification through authorial ‘credibility’. The two-way bond between the surveilled and their track was eventually broken in the twentieth century by technological innovations that allowed external and non-consensual geo-tracking. This changed the import of surveillance, discipline and the sea itself, no longer a space where human movement would be inevitably lost from sight.
Small extracellular vesicle microRNAs in pediatric myasthenia gravis plasma and skeletal muscle
Authors: Zhu Mengying , Wang Yilong , Xu Xuebin , Guo Xiaotong , Mao Yuchen , Gao Feng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) in children remains difficult. Circulating small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-derived miRNAs (sEV-miRNAs) have been recognized as biomarkers of various diseases and can be excreted by different cell types. These biomarker candidates also play a vital role in autoimmune diseases via intercellular communication.

Methods
In the present study, we used sEV isolation and purification methods to extract the plasma-derived sEV-miRNAs from children with MG and healthy controls. A small RNA sequencing analysis confirmed the miRNA expression features in plasma-derived sEVs from MG patients. The miRNA expression analysis in vitro was determined using microarray analysis. The enrichment and network analyses of altered sEV-miRNAs were performed using miRNA databases and Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery website. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for validation of sEV-miRNA. The diagnostic power of altered sEV-miRNAs was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.

Results
Twenty-four sEV-miRNAs with altered expression level were identified between groups by DESeq2 method. The miRNAs were extracted from the sEVs, which were isolated from human primary skeletal muscle cell culture treated with mAb198. The target genes and enriched pathways of sEV-miRNAs partially overlapped between cell supernatant and plasma samples. The significantly downregulated miR-143-3p was validated in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.

Conclusions
For the first time, we report that plasma-derived sEV-miRNAs may act as novel circulating biomarkers and therapeutic targets in pediatric MG.
Health literacy and gout characteristics in a primary care cohort
Authors: Watson Lorraine , Protheroe Joanne , Mallen Christian D , Muller Sara , Roddy Edward 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To examine the cross-sectional association between health literacy and gout characteristics.

Methods
In a primary care cohort of adults living with gout, the prevalence of poor health literacy was defined using the Single-Item Literacy Screener (SILS). Multiple logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the cross-sectional associations between health literacy and individual gout characteristics (frequency of flares, age at gout onset, history of oligo-/polyarticular flares, allopurinol use, allopurinol dose and serum urate level) with 95% CIs and adjustment for age, sex, deprivation and further education.

Results
Of 551 participants [mean age 54.4 years (s.d. 11.2), 498 (90.4%) male], 163 (30.1%) reported two or more flares in the previous 12 months. Fifty-one (9.4%) had poor health literacy. Poor health literacy was associated with having two or more flares in the preceding 12 months [adjusted OR 4.10 (95% CI 2.04, 8.19)] and a history of oligo-/polyarticular flares [OR 1.93 (95% CI 1.06, 3.55)]. No associations were identified between health literacy and age at gout onset [OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.96, 1.01)], allopurinol use [OR 0.88 (95% CI 0.46, 1.65)] or dose [OR 1.00 OR (95% CI 1.00, 1.00)] or serum urate [most recent serum urate OR 1.0 (95% CI 1.00, 1.00)].

Conclusions
Frequent flares and a history of oligo-/polyarticular flares were associated with poor health literacy. Since health literacy is an important determinant of health outcomes, it is important to consider health literacy when providing information and education to people with gout.
Digital Payments and Consumption: Evidence from the 2016 Demonetization in India
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Ghosh Pulak , Li Jing , Ruan Tianyue 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We study how consumer spending responds to digital payments, using the differential switch to digital payments across consumers induced by the sudden 2016 Indian Demonetization for identification. Digital payment use rose by 2.94 percentage points and monthly spending increased by 2.38% for an additional 10 percentage points in prior cash dependence. Spending remained elevated even when cash availability recovered. Robustness analyses show that the spending response is not driven by purchase substitution, income shocks, credit supply, or price changes. We provide causal evidence that digital payments increase consumer spending due to subdued endowment effects.
Cancer risk with tocilizumab/sarilumab, abatacept and rituximab treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a Danish cohort study
Authors: Westermann Rasmus , Cordtz René Lindholm , Duch Kirsten , Mellemkjaer Lene , Hetland Merete Lund , Magnussen Bergur , Dreyer Lene 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate cancer risk in RA patients treated with tocilizumab/sarilumab, abatacept or rituximab compared with those who received TNF inhibitors (TNFi) and compared with biological DMARDs (bDMARD)-naïve RA patients.

Methods
Nationwide registry-based cohort study of RA patients who initiated bDMARD treatment with tocilizumab/sarilumab, abatacept, rituximab, and TNFi, as well as bDMARD-naive patients who initiated their second type of conventional synthetic DMARD. Patients were identified in the Danish Rheumatology Quality Register (DANBIO) and followed for cancer from 2006 to 2020. Patients could contribute multiple treatments, with person years, deaths and cancers allocated to each treatment group in a ‘latest type of treatment’ manner. Inverse probability of treatment weighting and weighted cause-specific Cox models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for cancer in each tocilizumab/sarilumab, abatacept and rituximab group compared with TNFi-treated and bDMARD-naïve groups, respectively.

Results
In total, 21 982 treatment initiations, 96 475 person years and 1423 cancers were identified. There were no statistically significant increased HRs for overall cancer in tocilizumab/sarilumab, abatacept or rituximab treatment groups (HRs ranged from 0.7 to 1.1). More than 5 years of abatacept exposure showed a non-significantly increased HR compared with TNFi (HR 1.41, 95% CI 0.74–2.71). For haematological cancers, rituximab treatment showed non-significantly reduced HRs: vs TNFi-treated (HR 0.09; 95% CI 0.00–2.06) and bDMARD-naïve (HR 0.13; 95% CI 0.00–1.89).

Conclusion
Treatment with tocilizumab/sarilumab, abatacept or rituximab in RA patients was not associated with increased risks of cancer compared with TNFi-treated and with bDMARD-naïve RA patients in a real-world setting.
Researchers engaging with society: who does what?
Authors: Borlaug Siri Brorstad , Karaulova Maria , Svartefoss Silje Marie , Sivertsen Gunnar , Meijer Ingeborg , van Leeuwen Thed , Hessels Laurens K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Distinguishing between research collaboration, consultancy, dissemination, and commercialization of research results, this paper analyses the determinants of researchers’ societal engagement. The analytical framework integrates societal engagement as part of the credibility cycle. Several variables extend previous findings on determinants and mechanisms—herein scientific recognition and funding sources. A novel method to investigate the relationship between scientific recognition and societal engagement is explored. Drawing on a large-scale survey of European-based researchers in physics, cardiology, and economics, we find that several factors are associated with different modes of societal engagement in complex and intersecting ways. Scientific recognition is positively associated with research collaboration and dissemination, while organizational seniority is associated with all modes except for research collaboration with non-scientific actors. Female gender is positively associated with dissemination and external funding sources are positively associated will all. The findings intersect with differences in the three research fields.
Persistent or temporary? Effects of social assistance benefit sanctions on employment quality
Authors: Wolf Markus A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes the effects of sanctions for unemployed recipients of the social assistance benefit in Germany. I conduct an analysis using administrative data from 2012 to 2018, applying a dynamic entropy balancing approach. In contrast to most previous analyses of benefit sanction effects, I analyse outcomes over a longer period and assess effects on various dimensions of employment quality, including education (mis)match. The results show, in line with previous research, that benefit sanctions increase the employment probability in the first months after treatment. In the long run, the employment probability and employment quality of sanctioned benefit recipients are lower than those for the comparison group of non-sanctioned benefit recipients, indicating long-lasting negative effects. The negative consequences of benefit sanctions for employment quality are hence not temporary, but persistent.
mTORC2‐AKT signaling to PFKFB2 activates glycolysis that enhances stemness and tumorigenicity of intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Li Mengzhen , Wu Xi , Pan Yuwei , Song Manyu , Yang Xu , Xu Jiuzhi , Plikus Maksim V. , Lv Cong , Yu Lu , Yu Zhengquan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough elevated glycolysis has been widely recognized as a hallmark for highly proliferating cells like stem cells and cancer, its regulatory mechanisms are still being updated. Here, we found a previously unappreciated mechanism of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) in regulating glycolysis in intestinal stem cell maintenance and cancer progression. mTORC2 key subunits expression levels and its kinase activity were specifically upregulated in intestinal stem cells, mouse intestinal tumors, and human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. Genetic ablation of its key scaffolding protein Rictor in both mouse models and cell lines revealed that mTORC2 played an important role in promoting intestinal stem cell proliferation and self‐renewal. Moreover, utilizing mouse models and organoid culture, mTORC2 loss of function was shown to impair growth of gut adenoma and tumor organoids. Based on these findings, we performed RNA‐seq and noticed significant metabolic reprogramming in Rictor conditional knockout mice. Among all the pathways, carbohydrate metabolism was most profoundly altered, and further studies demonstrated that mTORC2 promoted glycolysis in intestinal epithelial cells. Most importantly, we showed that a rate‐limiting enzyme in regulating glycolysis, 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase (PFKFB2), was a direct target for the mTORC2‐AKT signaling. PFKFB2 was phosphorylated upon mTORC2 activation, but not mTORC1, and this process was AKT‐dependent. Together, this study has identified a novel mechanism underlying mTORC2 activated glycolysis, offering potential therapeutic targets for treating CRC.
Mitigation of human iris angiogenesis through uPAR/LRP‐1 interaction antagonism in an organotypic ex vivo model
Authors: Pesce Noemi Anna , Plastino Flavia , Reyes‐Goya Claudia , Bernd Jonathan , Pavone Vincenzo , Dal Monte Massimo , Kvanta Anders , Locri Filippo , André Helder 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRubeosis Iridis (RI) is characterized by an increase in neovascularization and inflammation factors in the iris. During angiogenesis, the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) play a pivotal role in extracellular matrix remodeling, where uPAR regulates endothelial cell migration and proliferation through assembly with transmembrane receptors. Here, in the context of hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis, the uPA/uPAR system blockage was investigated by using UPARANT in a novel ex vivo human iris organotypic angiogenesis assay. The effects of uPA/uPAR system antagonism in the humanized model of ocular pathologic angiogenesis were analyzed by sprouting angiogenesis and protein assays (western, dot blots, and co‐immunoprecipitation) and correlated to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition. Phosphoprotein and co‐immunoprecipitation assay illustrated an unidentified antagonism of UPARANT in the interaction of uPAR with the low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein‐1 (LRP‐1), resulting in inhibition of β‐catenin–mediated angiogenesis in this model. The effects of uPA/uPAR system inhibition were focal to endothelial cells ex vivo. Comparison between human iris endothelial cells and human retinal endothelial revealed an endothelial‐specific mechanism of β‐catenin–mediated angiogenesis inhibited by uPA/uPAR system blockage and not by VEGF inhibition. Collectively, these findings broaden the understanding of the effects of the uPA/uPAR system antagonism in the context of angiogenesis, revealing non‐canonical β‐catenin downstream effects mediated by LRP‐1/uPAR interaction.
Nursing Students’ Perceptions Regarding Teaching and Learning Practices That Promote Safe Medication Administration
Authors: Hnatyshyn Tammy , Ens Twyla , Estefan Andrew , Kirkpatrick Megan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article reports on a study conducted to explore what helps and what complicates learning safe medication administration. In this study, nurse educators explored students’ perspectives on effective teaching practices, what influences medication errors and near misses, and strategies for improving students’ learning about medication administration. Students ranked nursing instructors, peers, and staff nurses as having the greatest positive impact on both their learning and patient safety. Good relationships, an appropriate pace of learning, and practice were also beneficial. Noise, time constraints, and interruptions were negatively associated with learning and patient safety.
Impact of Preoperative Aripiprazole on Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
Authors: Alansary Amin Mohamed , Elbeialy Marwa Ahmed Khairy 
Published: March 2024

Objectives:
Aripiprazole is a second-generation atypical antipsychotic with worldwide clinical approval. Nevertheless, its perioperative antinociceptive application has not been studied. As a result, the purpose of this study was to investigate the analgesic effects of perioperative aripiprazole on reducing postoperative pain, as well as the possible adverse effects.

Methods:
This randomized controlled study enrolled eighty female patients scheduled for laparoscopic hysterectomy who were assigned randomly into two equal groups in 1:1; Aripiprazole group (n=40): patients received an aripiprazole 30 mg tablet orally three hours before surgery, and Placebo group (n=40): patients received a placebo tablet three hours before surgery. The 24-hour morphine consumption postoperatively was the primary outcome, and the time to the first analgesic request, sedation scores, and the incidence of perioperative adverse events were the secondary outcomes.

Results:
The mean 24-hour morphine consumption was significantly lower with aripiprazole (2.5±0.5 mg) than with placebo (23.7±1.6 mg) (Mean±SE −21.2±0.3, 95% CI: −21.7 to −20.6, P<0.001). In addition, mean time to the first analgesic request was significantly longer with aripiprazole (212.2±14.7 min) than with placebo (27.0±2.0 min) (Mean±SE 185.2±2.3, 95% CI: 180.5 to 189.8, P<0.001). Furthermore, aripiprazole group reported higher sedation scores (P<0.001). Bradycardia and hypotension were reported more frequently among patients in the aripiprazole group (P<0.05).

Discussion:
Aripiprazole was effective in reducing pain following laparoscopic hysterectomy. Although self-limited, side effects should be taken into consideration when using the medication perioperatively.
Pediatric Spastic Wrist Contractures Can Be Well Managed With Wrist Arthrodesis
Authors: Cain Megan , Lemhouse Paige , Buckon Cathleen , Freese Krister P. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Severe spastic wrist contractures secondary to cerebral palsy (CP) or alike can have significant implications for patient hand function, hygiene, skin breakdown, and cosmesis. When these contractures become rigid, soft tissue procedures alone are unable to obtain or maintain the desired correction. In these patients’ wrist arthrodesis is an option—enabling the hand to be stabilized in a more functional position for hygiene, dressing, and general cosmesis, though are patients satisfied?

Methods:
All children who had undergone a wrist arthrodesis for the management of a severe wrist contracture at Shriners Hospital, Portland between January 2016 and January 2021 were identified (n=23). A chart review was undertaken to obtain data—demographic, operative, clinical, and radiographic. All patients were then contacted to participate in 2 patient-reported outcome questionnaires (74% response agreement), a numerical rating scale (NRS), based on the visual analog scale (VAS) and the disability analog scale (DAS). Results were assessed with the aid of descriptive statistics, means and percentages with the primary focus of determining overall patient satisfaction with the procedure.

Results:
Twenty-three patients were included in the review, and 74% took part in the prospective survey. Included were 10 patients with hemiplegia, 4 with triplegia, 7 with quadriplegia, 1 with a diagnosis of Rhett syndrome, and 1 with a history of traumatic brain injury. All patients achieved radiologic union by a mean of 8 weeks, and 87% obtained a neutral postoperative wrist alignment. The NRS showed 88% of patients were highly satisfied with their results; specifically, 82% had an improved appearance, 53% improved function, 71% improved daily cares, and 65% improved hygiene. The postoperative DAS score averaged 4.7 of 12 indicating mild disability. When looking at how a patient’s diagnostic subtype affected outcome results, patients with triplegia reported less improvement and greater disability on the NRS and DAS, averaging 9.5 (severe disability on the DAS). The GMFCS classification had less correlation with outcomes.

Conclusion:
Wrist arthrodesis is a good option for the management of pediatric spastic wrist contractures, with limited complications and an overall high patient/carer satisfaction rate.

Level of evidence:
Level IV—case series.