bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous silicon based microdevice for reversed phase liquid chromatography
Authors: Méry E. , Alekseev S. , Portet‐Koltalo F. , Morin C. , Barbier D. , Zaitsev V. , Desbène P. L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper deals with On‐Chip‐Chromatography separation systems micromachined on porous silicon. Reversed phase C18 was prepared on the porous silicon base and characterised by means of FTIR and water contact angle measurements. From this preliminary study, a liquid chromatography microdevice including silanised porous silicon layer was realized and tested for the separation of model mixture of dimethyl‐ and dioctyl phthalates. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Elastic constants of porous silicon superlattices
Authors: Polomska Anna M. , Andrews G. Todd 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPorous silicon superlattices with constituent layer porosities of ∼30% and ∼60% and modulation wavelengths of 17 nm, 20 nm and 34 nm were fabricated by electrochemical etching in HF‐based electrolytes. The elastic constants of the superlattices were estimated using Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy and compared to those calculated from an effective elastic constants model (M. Grimsditch and F. Nizzoli, Phys. Rev. B 33, 5891 (1986) [1]). The fair agreement between the experimental and calculated constants suggests that the model holds promise for predicting the elastic properties of these and possibly other porous multilayered systems. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Novel phosphors based on porous materials
Authors: Tiginyanu I. M. , Ursaki V. V. , Sirbu L. , Enaki M. , Monaico E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTechnological conditions have been developed for the preparation of nanocomposite phosphors based on porous InP, GaP and GaAs semiconductor as well as Al2O3 and TiO2 dielectric templates doped with rare earth and transition metal ions.Semiconductor and dielectric templates are prepared by electrochemical treatment of bulk semiconductor substrates and metallic plates, respectively. Doping is performed by impregnation from liquid solutions followed by thermal treatment. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Revised δ34S reference values for IAEA sulfur isotope reference materials S‐2 and S‐3
Authors: Mann Jacqueline L. , Vocke Robert D. , Kelly W. Robert 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRevised δ34S reference values with associated expanded uncertainties (95% confidence interval (C.I.)) are presented for the sulfur isotope reference materials IAEA‐S‐2 (22.62 ± 0.16‰) and IAEA‐S‐3 (−32.49 ± 0.16‰). These revised values are determined using two relative‐difference measurement techniques, gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GIRMS) and double‐spike multi‐collector thermal ionization mass spectrometry (MC‐TIMS). Gas analyses have traditionally been considered the most robust for relative isotopic difference measurements of sulfur. The double‐spike MC‐TIMS technique provides an independent method for value‐assignment validation and produces revised values that are both unbiased and more precise than previous value assignments. Unbiased δ34S values are required to anchor the positive and negative end members of the sulfur delta (δ) scale because they are the basis for reporting both δ34S values and the derived mass‐independent Δ33S and Δ36S values. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longest convex chains
Authors: Ambrus Gergely , Bárány Imre 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAssume Xn is a random sample of n uniform, independent points from a triangle T. The longest convex chain, Y, of Xn is defined naturally (see the next paragraph). The length |Y| of Y is a random variable, denoted by Ln. In this article, we determine the order of magnitude of the expectation of Ln. We show further that Ln is highly concentrated around its mean, and that the longest convex chains have a limit shape. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2009
Distributed timeslot allocation with crossed slots in CDMA‐TDD systems
Authors: Sung Ki Won , Lee Chae Y. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCode division multiple access system with time division duplex (CDMA‐TDD) is a promising solution to cope with traffic asymmetry of downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) in multimedia services. When a rate of asymmetry is different in each cell, CDMA‐TDD system may employ crossed slots, where a timeslot is used for different links in cells. However, it may suffer from base station (BS)‐to‐BS and mobile station (MS)‐to‐MS interference problem. Zone division scheme is an efficient way to tackle the crossed slot interference by dividing a cell into inner and outer zones and restricting communication in crossed slots only to inner zone. In this paper, we propose distributed crossed slot resource allocation with zone division in multi‐cell CDMA‐TDD system. Two conditions for crossed slot resource allocation are defined and the bound on the size of inner zone is analyzed mathematically based on the conditions. Relationship between the capacity of crossed slot and the size of inner zone is also analyzed. Then, numerical results of the mathematical analysis are presented; showing that the proposed crossed slot allocation is effective for traffic asymmetry problem. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X‐Ray fluorescence microtomography under various excitation conditions
Authors: Pereira G. R. , Rocha H. S. , Calza C. , Anjos M. J. , Pérez C. A. , Lopes R. T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe main goal of this work is two‐fold: (1) to compare three different excitation conditions in x‐ray fluorescence microtomography (XRFCT) in the analysis of reference samples, and (2) to determine the elemental distribution map for breast tissue samples, in order to verify concentrations of certain elements correlated with characteristics and pathology, using x‐ray transmission microtomography (CT).The experiments were performed at the X‐Ray Fluorescence Facility (D09B‐XRF) of the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Campinas, Brazil. In this work, a multilayer monochromator with photon energies near 12 keV, a monochromatic beam at 9.8 keV using a Si (111) crystal, and the white beam were used for elements excitation of elements inside the sample. The sample was placed on a high‐precision goniometer and translation stages, which allowed for rotation as well as translation perpendicular to the beam. Fluorescence photons were collected by means of an energy dispersive HPGe detector placed at 90° to the incident beam, while transmitted photons were detected with a fast Na(Tl) scintillation counter, placed behind the sample, in the direction of the incoming beam. Transmission CT images were reconstructed using a filtered back‐projection algorithm, and XRFCT images were reconstructed using a filtered back‐projection algorithm with absorption correction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TXRF cation analysis by anionic membrane collection
Authors: Kallithrakas‐Kontos N. , Hatzistavros V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA new method for the determination of trace levels of cationic ions by anion selective membrane collection is presented. Anion selective membranes containing a few micrograms of different complexing reagents in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix were produced in quartz reflectors. The membranes were immersed in water solutions with low concentrations of cationic metals, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, and of anionic ligands (CN−, etc.). After the equilibration time the reflectors were left to dry and they were analyzed by Total X‐Ray Fluorescence (TXRF). Many experimental parameters (pH effect, size of the membrane, volume sample) were examined. The minimum detection limits were estimated to be 1 ng/ml for all metallic cations even in seawater. The method needs less working labor than other enrichment procedures, the cations are collected directly on the TXRF reflector surface and very small chemical reagent consumption is needed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating population size analysis into habitat suitability assessment: implications for giant panda conservation in the Minshan Mountains, China
Authors: Wang Xuezhi , Xu Weihua , Ouyang Zhiyun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCompared to conventional approaches, the integration of population size analysis with habitat suitability assessment on a large scale can provide more evidence to explain the mechanisms of habitat isolation and fragmentation, and thus make regional conservation plans. In this paper, we analyzed the habitat suitability for giant pandas in the Minshan Mountains, China, using the ecological‐niche factor analysis (ENFA) method, and then evaluated the current conservation status of this endangered species. The results showed that (1) giant pandas were distributed in a narrow altitudinal range in which vegetation cover was dominated by coniferous forest, mixed coniferous and deciduous broadleaf forest, and deciduous broadleaf forest with scattered bamboo understory, and (2) roads and human settlements had strong negative effects on the panda habitat selection. According to habitat analysis, the total habitat area of giant panda in the Minshan Mountains was 953,173 ha, which was fragmented into 12 habitat units by major roads, rivers, and human settlements. The habitat of the mid‐Minshan was less fragmentized, but was seriously fragmented in the north. The panda population size estimation showed that 676 individuals inhabited the study area, and 94.53% of them were in the mid‐Minshan, but small panda populations less than 30 individuals inhabited the isolated and fragmented habitat patches in the north. The nature reserves in the Minshan Mountains have formed three conservation groups, which covered 41.26% of panda habitat and protected 70.71% of panda population of the study area, but there still exists two conservation gaps, and the connectivity among these reserves is still weak. Due to habitat isolation and extensive human disturbances, giant pandas in the north (i.e., Diebu, Zhouqu, and Wudou) are facing threats of local extinction. In order to protect pandas and their habitats in this area, some effective conservation approaches, such as establishing new reserves in gap areas, creating corridors among patches, and seasonally controlling traffic flux in key roads, should be implemented in the future to link these isolated habitats together.
Valuing time: Moderate download times can improve online goal pursuit
Authors: Sellier Anne Laure , Chattopadhyay Amitava 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis research examines how the length of time for which a goal is interrupted affects goal pursuit, in an online context. Goal interruption duration in the form of long download time duration has been identified as a significant impediment to electronic commerce. It is believed that a faster download time is always better to motivate web users to keep surfing. We challenge this belief. In three studies, we find that, under certain circumstances, longer rather than shorter download times motivate web users to keep surfing longer. The counterintuitive pattern of effects can be explained by web users' fit experiences (Higgins, 2000) while surfing. In particular, our findings suggest that when online surfing “feels right”, web users think that online information is right.
EVALUATION OF CERTAIN CLASSES OF EISENSTEIN-TYPE SERIES
Authors: TSUMURA HIROFUMI 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we consider certain classes of Eisenstein-type series involving hyperbolic functions, and prove some formulas for them which can be regarded as relevant analogues of our previous results. We can also regard these formulas as certain generalizations of the famous formulas for the ordinary Eisenstein series given by Hurwitz.
THE GENUS OF PERIODIC LINKS WITH RATIONAL QUOTIENTS
Authors: LEE SANG YOUL , SEO MYOUNGSOO 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we prove that if K is any periodic link in S3 whose quotient link is a 2-bridge link, then one half of the degree of the reduced Alexander polynomial, the minimal genus, the free genus and the canonical genus of K are all the same. We also give criteria to determine whether a given periodic link has a 2-bridge link quotient and some properties of this kind of periodic link.
COMMON FACTORS OF RESULTANTS MODULO p
Authors: GOMEZ DOMINGO , GUTIERREZ JAIME , IBEAS ÁLVAR , SEVILLA DAVID 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe show that the multiplicity of a prime p as a factor of the resultant of two polynomials with integer coefficients is at least the degree of their greatest common divisor modulo p. This answers an open question by Konyagin and Shparlinski.
FINITE GROUPS WITH TWO p-REGULAR CONJUGACY CLASS LENGTHS II
Authors: ALEMANY ELENA , BELTRÁN ANTONIO , JOSÉ FELIPE MARÍA 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLet G be a finite group. We prove that if the set of p-regular conjugacy class sizes of G has exactly two elements, then G has Abelian p-complement or G=PQ×A, with P∈Sylp(G), Q∈Sylq(G) and A Abelian.
FRÉCHET INTERMEDIATE DIFFERENTIABILITY OF LIPSCHITZ FUNCTIONS ON ASPLUND SPACES
Authors: GILES J. R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe deep Preiss theorem states that a Lipschitz function on a nonempty open subset of an Asplund space is densely Fréchet differentiable. However, the simpler Fabian–Preiss lemma implies that it is Fréchet intermediately differentiable on a dense subset and that for a large class of Lipschitz functions this dense subset is residual. Results are presented for Asplund generated spaces.
On a Liouville-type equation with sign-changing weight
Authors: Ruf Bernhard , Ubilla Pedro 
Published: March 2009

We study the existence, nonexistence and multiplicity of non-negative solutions for the family of problemswhere Ω is a bounded domain in ℝ2 and λ > 0 is a parameter. The coefficient a(x) is permitted to change sign. The techniques used in the proofs are a combination of upper and lower solutions, the Trudinger–Moser inequality and variational methods. Note that when f(x, u) = 0 the equation is of Liouville type.
Global bifurcation of solutions to diffusive logistic equations on bounded domains subject to nonlinear boundary conditions
Authors: Cantrell Robert Stephen , Cosner Chris , Martínez Salome 
Published: March 2009

We consider the diffusive logistic equationsupplemented by the nonlinear boundary conditionwhere α is a non-negative, non-decreasing function with α([0, 1]) ⊆ [0, 1]. When regarded as an ecological model for an organism inhabiting a focal patch of its habitat, the assumptions on α are intended to capture a tendency on the part of the organism to remain in the habitat patch when it encounters the patch boundary that increases with species density. Such a mechanism has been suggested in the ecological literature as a means by which the dynamics of the organism at the scale of the patch might differ from its local dynamics within the patch. Building upon earlier examinations of the boundary-value problem by Cantrell and Cosner, we detail in this paper the global disposition of biologically relevant equilibria when both 0 and 1 (the local carrying capacity within the patch) are equilibria. Our analysis relies on global bifurcation theory and estimates for elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations.
Interconnected synchronicities: the production of Bombay and Glasgow as modern global ports c.1850–1880
Authors: Hazareesingh Sandip 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCain and Hopkins' influential theory of British imperialism opted for a metropolitan-based model of explanation, rooted in the interests of a City-of-London-based class of ‘gentlemanly capitalists’, and discounting in the process events and experiences in the colonies and the significance of industrialization. By focusing on the simultaneous emergence of Bombay and Glasgow as modern, global ports in the second half of the nineteenth century, this article argues, in diametrical opposition, for a fresh perspective on the relationship between metropole and periphery, based on the concept of ‘interconnected synchronicity‘. This proposes that ‘imperial’ causation be viewed, at least from this period, as occurring in both arenas, based on a set of related and mutually transformative processes generated by the ‘globalizing’, commodity-driven imperatives of industrial capitalism.
Particle acceleration and turbulence transport in heliospheric plasmas
Authors: Vainio Rami 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPlasma turbulence at various length scales affects practically all mechanisms proposed to be responsible for particle acceleration in the heliosphere. In this paper, we concentrate on providing a synthesis of some recent efforts to understand particle acceleration in the solar corona and inner heliosphere. Acceleration at coronal and interplanetary shock waves driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is the most viable mechanism for producing large gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events, whereas particle acceleration in impulsive flares is assumed to be responsible for the generation of smaller impulsive SEP events. Impulsive events show enhanced abundances of3He and heavy ions over the gradual SEP events. Gradual events often show charge states consistent with acceleration of ions in a dilute plasma at 1–2 MK temperature, while impulsive events have higher charge states. The division of SEP events to gradual and impulsive has been challenged by the discovery of events, which show intensity-vs.-time profiles typical for gradual events but, especially at the highest energies (above 10 MeV/nucl), abundances and charge states more typical of impulsive events. Although a direct flare component cannot be ruled out, we find that particle acceleration at quasi-perpendicular shocks in the low corona also offer a plausible explanation for the hybrid events. By carefully modeling shock acceleration and coronal turbulence and its modification by the accelerated particles, a consistent picture of gradual events thus emerges from the shock acceleration hypothesis.
Radio remote sensing of the corona and the solar wind
Authors: Spangler Steven R. , Whiting Catherine A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractModern radio telescopes are extremely sensitive to plasma on the line of sight from a radio source to the antenna. Plasmas in the corona and solar wind produce measurable changes in the radio wave amplitude and phase, and the phase difference between wave fields of opposite circular polarization. Such measurements can be made of radio waves from spacecraft transmitters and extragalactic radio sources, using radio telescopes and spacecraft tracking antennas. Data have been taken at frequencies from about 80 MHz to 8000 MHz. Lower frequencies probe plasma at greater heliocentric distances. Analysis of these data yields information on the plasma density, density fluctuations, and plasma flow speeds in the corona and solar wind, and on the magnetic field in the solar corona. This paper will concentrate on the information that can be obtained from measurements of Faraday rotation through the corona and inner solar wind. The magnitude of Faraday rotation is proportional to the line of sight integral of the plasma density and the line-of-sight component of the magnetic field. Faraday rotation provides an almost unique means of estimating the magnetic field in this part of space. This technique has contributed to measurement of the large scale coronal magnetic field, the properties of electromagnetic turbulence in the corona, possible detection of electrical currents in the corona, and probing of the internal structure of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). This paper concentrates on the search for small-scale coronal turbulence and remote sensing of the structure of CMEs. Future investigations with the Expanded Very Large Array (EVLA) or Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) could provide unique observational input on the astrophysics of CMEs.
Properties of lower hybrid waves
Authors: Verdon Alix L. , Cairns I. H. , Melrose D. B. , Robinson P. A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMost treatments of lower hybrid waves include either electromagnetic or warm-plasma effects, but not both. Here we compare numerical dispersion curves for lower hybrid waves with a new analytic dispersion relation that includes both warm and electromagnetic effects. Very good agreement is obtained over significant ranges in wavenumber and plasma parameters, except where ion magnetization effects become important.
The Biology Battle: Public Opinion and the Origins of Life
Authors: Freeman Patricia K. , Houston David J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIs the origins of life debate occurring in the United States an illustration of the culture wars? To address this question we examine attitudes toward evolution using data from the 2006 General Social Survey. Multinomial logistic regression models indicate that attitudes about whether humans today evolved from earlier species of life are more fully explained by orthodox Christian doctrine, not religious tradition, as the culture wars thesis suggests. However, an isomorphism between orthodox Christine doctrine and conservative political ideology has not occurred. While a liberal political ideology is strongly related to acceptance of evolution, these data suggest that only a certain group of political conservatives, those who accept orthodox Christian doctrine, reject evolution as sound scientific theory. Additionally, respondents who “don't know” if evolution is “true” or “false” differ from both the believers and skeptics in that they appear to lack the exposure to either science or orthodox Christian doctrine that would give them clear guidance about what to think in regards to evolution.
The role of the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases in cellular function and human disease
Authors: Ooms Lisa M. , Horan Kristy A. , Rahman Parvin , Seaton Gillian , Gurung Rajendra , Kethesparan Dharini S. , Mitchell Christina A. 
Published: March 2009

Phosphoinositides are membrane-bound signalling molecules that regulate cell proliferation and survival, cytoskeletal reorganization and vesicular trafficking by recruiting effector proteins to cellular membranes. Growth factor or insulin stimulation induces a canonical cascade resulting in the transient phosphorylation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 by PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) to form PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, which is rapidly dephosphorylated either by PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) back to PtdIns(4,5)P2, or by the 5-ptases (inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases), generating PtdIns(3,4)P2. The 5-ptases also hydrolyse PtdIns(4,5)P2, forming PtdIns4P. Ten mammalian 5-ptases have been identified, which share a catalytic mechanism similar to that of the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases. Gene-targeted deletion of 5-ptases in mice has revealed that these enzymes regulate haemopoietic cell proliferation, synaptic vesicle recycling, insulin signalling, endocytosis, vesicular trafficking and actin polymerization. Several studies have revealed that the molecular basis of Lowe's syndrome is due to mutations in the 5-ptase OCRL (oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe). Futhermore, the 5-ptases SHIP [SH2 (Src homology 2)-domain-containing inositol phosphatase] 2, SKIP (skeletal muscle- and kidney-enriched inositol phosphatase) and 72-5ptase (72 kDa 5-ptase)/Type IV/Inpp5e (inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase E) are implicated in negatively regulating insulin signalling and glucose homoeostasis in specific tissues. SHIP2 polymorphisms are associated with a predisposition to insulin resistance. Gene profiling studies have identified changes in the expression of various 5-ptases in specific cancers. In addition, 5-ptases such as SHIP1, SHIP2 and 72-5ptase/Type IV/Inpp5e regulate macrophage phagocytosis, and SHIP1 also controls haemopoietic cell proliferation. Therefore the 5-ptases are a significant family of signal-modulating enzymes that govern a plethora of cellular functions by regulating the levels of specific phosphoinositides. Emerging studies have implicated their loss or gain of function in human disease.