bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enrichment of phosphopeptides using bare magnetic particles
Authors: Lee Aera , Yang Hyo‐Jik , Lim Eun‐Soo , Kim Jeongkwon , Kim Yangsun 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMagnetic iron(II, III) oxide (magnetite, Fe3O4) nanoparticles were used to selectively enrich phosphopeptides from tryptic digests of bovine β‐casein and from tryptic digest mixtures containing bovine β‐casein, cytochromec, bovine serum albumin, and horse heart myoglobin. The magnetic property of the particles permits an easy and speedy enrichment process. No enrichment of phosphopeptides was observed from ferric magnetic iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles. These data collectively demonstrate that the enrichment of phosphopeptides using magnetic iron(II, III) oxide nanoparticles is a practical method for the selective analysis of phosphopeptides and could be helpful in isolating and analyzing phosphorylated peptides from complex biological samples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A methodological note on modeling the effects of race: the case of psychological distress
Authors: Nuru‐Jeter Amani , Williams Chyvette T. , LaVeist Thomas A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPsychological distress is an important indicator of the mental well‐being of the population. Findings regarding racial differences in distress are inconclusive but may represent an important pathway through which disparities exist across a number of physical health outcomes. We used data from the 1994 Minority Health Survey, a nationally representative multiracial/ethnic sample of adults in US households, to examine racial/ethnic differences in psychological distress (n = 3623). Our primary study aim was to examine differences between additive and multiplicative models in assessing the influence of income and gender on the race/distress relationship. We hypothesized that additive models do not sufficiently account for potential interactions of race with income and gender, and may therefore mask important differences in distress between racial groups. The results suggest that our hypotheses were supported. After adjusting for income, there were no statistically significant differences in distress levels between racial groups. However, significant differences emerge when multiplicative models are used demonstrating the complexities of the intersection of race, income and gender in predicting psychological distress. Black men and women of higher income status represent a particularly vulnerable group, whereas Hispanic men are especially hardy. We discuss the implications of our findings for future work on racial health disparities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zoo theater's influence on affect and cognition: a case study from the Central Park Zoo in New York
Authors: Penn Laura 
Published: July 2008

AbstractZoo theater is used by zoos as a means to influence visitor feelings and knowledge gain about wildlife and environmental themes. This study examined whether and to what extent zoo theater fulfilled these aims by investigating its impact on affect and cognition. The study consisted of an in‐depth case study at the Central Park Zoo in New York, a location that has one of the most diverse zoo theater programs in the United States. Using a multimethod approach the study explored many facets of the Central Park Zoo's extensive zoo theater program. These included performances at a main stage, at exhibits, and in the children's zoo. The study found that the extent of zoo theater's influence on affect and cognition is dependent on a combination of a variety of characteristics that include the length of a performance, audience participation, the level of structure of a performance, the presence of song and dance elements, and the scale of the productions. Zoo Biol 28:412–428, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphologic and histologic outcomes of tongue reduction surgery in an animal model
Authors: Perkins Jonathan A. , Shcherbatyy Volodymyr , Liu Zi‐Jun 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVETo describe the effect of anterior tongue reduction surgery on tongue size, morphology, and histology.DESIGNProspective experiment.MATERIALSTwenty‐two 12‐week‐old Yucatan minipigs.METHODSSix sibling pairs had tongue reduction (Group B) or sham surgery (Group A), and underwent euthanasia the day of surgery. Five sibling pairs had tongue reduction (Group D) or sham surgery (Group C), and were raised for four weeks. Data collected included changes in tongue morphology, histology, and animal response to surgery.RESULTSAll animals tolerated surgery and maintained their weight. Tongue size was uniformly reduced in all animals as compared to sham surgery. Tongue reduction was stable long term in Group D. All animals had normal wound healing and neuro‐vascular structure preservation. Fibrosis occurred at the repair site.CONCLUSIONMidline tongue reduction resulted in uniform tongue reduction in all dimensions and volume, without damaging neurovascular structures. Localized fibrosis is a sequela of healing.
Is the perception of time pressure a barrier to healthy eating and physical activity among women?
Authors: Welch Nicky , McNaughton Sarah A , Hunter Wendy , Hume Clare , Crawford David 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the proportion of women reporting time is a barrier to healthy eating and physical activity, the characteristics of these women and the perceived causes of time pressure, and to examine associations between perceptions of time as a barrier and consumption of fruit, vegetables and fast food, and physical activity.DesignA cross-sectional survey of food intake, physical activity and perceived causes of time pressure.SettingA randomly selected community sample.SubjectsA sample of 1580 women self-reported their food intake and their perceptions of the causes of time pressure in relation to healthy eating. An additional 1521 women self-reported their leisure-time physical activity and their perceptions of the causes of time pressure in relation to physical activity.ResultsTime pressure was reported as a barrier to healthy eating by 41 % of the women and as a barrier to physical activity by 73 %. Those who reported time pressure as a barrier to healthy eating were significantly less likely to meet fruit, vegetable and physical activity recommendations, and more likely to eat fast food more frequently.ConclusionsWomen reporting time pressure as a barrier to healthy eating and physical activity are less likely to meet recommendations than are women who do not see time pressure as a barrier. Further research is required to understand the perception of time pressure issues among women and devise strategies to improve women’s food and physical activity behaviours.
Diet and pregnancy status in Australian women
Authors: Hure Alexis , Young Anne , Smith Roger , Collins Clare 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate and report the diet quality of young Australian women by pregnancy status.DesignPregnancy status was defined as pregnant (n606), trying to conceive (n454), had a baby in the last 12 months (n829) and other (n5597). The Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies was used to calculate diet quality using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) methodology. Nutrient intakes were compared with the Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand.SettingA population-based cohort participating in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH).SubjectsA nationally representative sample of Australian women, aged 25 to 30 years, who completed Survey 3 of the ALSWH. The 7486 women with biologically plausible energy intake estimates, defined as >4·5 but <20·0 MJ/d, were included in the analyses.ResultsPregnancy status was not significantly predictive of diet quality, before or after adjusting for area of residence and socio-economic status. Pregnant women and those who had given birth in the previous 12 months had marginally higher ARFS (mean (se): 30·2 (0·4) and 30·2 (0·3), respectively) than ‘other’ women (29·1 (0·1)). No single food group accounted for this small difference. Across all pregnancy categories there were important nutrients that did not meet the current nationally recommended levels of intake, including dietary folate and fibre.ConclusionWomen do not appear to consume a wider variety of nutritious foods when planning to become pregnant or during pregnancy. Many young Australian women are failing to meet key nutrient targets as nationally recommended.
Jupiter – friend or foe? I: The asteroids
Authors: Horner J. , Jones B.W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe asteroids are a major source of potential impactors on the Earth today. It has long been assumed that the giant planet Jupiter acts as a shield, significantly lowering the impact rate on the Earth from both cometary and asteroidal bodies. Such shielding, it is claimed, enabled the development and evolution of life in a collisional environment, which is not overly hostile. The reduced frequency of impacts, and of related mass extinctions, would have allowed life the time to thrive, where it would otherwise have been suppressed. However, in the past, little work has been carried out to examine the validity of this idea. In the first of several papers, we examine the degree to which the impact risk resulting from a population representative of the asteroids is enhanced or reduced by the presence of a giant planet, in an attempt to understand fully the impact regime under which life on Earth developed. Our results show that the situation is far less clear cut that has previously been assumed, that is, the presence of a giant planet can act toenhancethe impact rate of asteroids on the Earth significantly.
Earth Systems Science Agency Proposed
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: July 2008

Seven former senior U.S. federal officials have called for the establishment of an independent Earth Systems Science Agency (ESSA) and for the next U.S. president and Congress to realign federal Earth sciences research and development programs.The former officials—who include former heads of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)—issued their proposal for merging those two agencies into the ESSA, convening a commission to guide this realignment, and other measures, in a 4 July article in Science.
Correlation between depth of myocardial bridging and coronary angiography findings
Authors: Elmali M. , Soylu K. , Gulel O. , Bayrak I. K. , Koprulu D. , Diren H. B. , Celenk C. 
Published: July 2008

Background: Myocardial bridging (MB) is a congenital anomaly in which a segment of coronary artery is surrounded by myocardium. Purpose: To investigate the correlation between muscle thickness over the tunneled coronary artery (depth) in MB and the presence of milking effect (ME) and systolic narrowing ratio in catheter angiography (CA). Material and Methods: The records of 36 patients who underwent a coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and following CA examination for suspicious ischemic coronary artery disease, between March 2005 and September 2007, were retrospectively evaluated. According to the depth of MB on CTA, patients were grouped into four groups: group 1, <1 mm; group 2, 1– <2 mm; group 3, 2– <4 mm; group 4, ≥4 mm. The presence of milking effect, systolic narrowing ratio, and atherosclerotic stenosis at CA were recorded. CTA and CA results were then compared to evaluate the correlation. Results: In total, ME was found in 15 arteries at CA (42%). There was no ME in group 1; it was present in 11% of group 2, 67% of group 3, and 100% of group 4. Starting from group 3, the percentage of likelihood of seeing the milking effect was 77%, and the percentage of systolic narrowing was between 30 and 70%. There was a significant correlation between depth of MB and systolic narrowing ( P<0.01), while no significant correlation between length of MB and systolic narrowing was found ( P=0.32). In seven of the 36 patients (group 1, 0; group 2, 1; group 3, 3; group 4, 3), clinical findings were related to pure MB. Conclusion: The depth of MB is positively related to coronary narrowing and clinical ischemic findings.
All-in-one magnetic resonance arthrography of the shoulder in a vertically open magnetic resonance unit
Authors: Vandevenne J. E. , Vanhoenacker F. , Beaulieu C. F. , Bergman A. G. , Butts Pauly K. , Dillingham M. F. , Lang P. K. 
Published: July 2008

Background: Magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography frequently involves joint injection under imaging guidance followed by MR imaging in static positions. Purpose: To evaluate if MR arthrography of the shoulder joint can be performed in a comprehensive fashion combining the MR-guided injection procedure, static MR imaging, and dynamic motion MR imaging in a single test. Material and Methods: Twenty-three shoulder joints were injected with Gd-DTPA2- under MR guidance. Static MR imaging was performed and included a three-point Dixon method to achieve water-selective images. Dynamic motion MR imaging with and without applying pressure to the upper arm was used to evaluate glenohumeral joint instability. In 10 cases, surgical correlation was available. Results: The all-in-one MR arthrography technique was successful in all patients, and took an average time of 65 min. All but one glenohumeral injection procedure were performed with a single needle pass, and no complications were observed. Out of eight labrum tears seen with static MR imaging, seven were confirmed at surgery. In 10 cases, dynamic motion MR imaging correlated well with the surgeon's intraoperative evaluation for presence and direction of instability. Conclusion: MR arthrography of the shoulder joint using a vertically open magnet can be performed as a single comprehensive test, including the injection and the static and dynamic motion MR imaging. Good diagnostic accuracy for intraarticular lesions and glenohumeral instability was found in a small sample.
Pain catastrophizing: a dimensional concept analysis
Authors: Martorella Géraldine , Côté José , Choinière Manon 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTitle.  Pain catastrophizing: a dimensional concept analysis. Aim.  This paper is a report of a concept analysis of pain catastrophizing.Background.  The importance of pain catastrophizing in the experience of pain and development of chronic pain has been demonstrated. It has been described as a tendency to have a fixation about pain and to feel unable to deal with pain.Data sources.  Fifty‐one papers containing the keyword ‘pain catastrophizing’ were selected from the Medline, Embase and Psycinfo indexes between 1996 and 2008. Dimensional analysis methodology was used to make explicit the ways in which the concept is constructed and used. The themes of this approach seem to contribute to the understanding of both nurse and client perspectives.Results.  The literature on ‘pain catastrophizing’ seems to reach a level of middle‐range explanatory theory. The focus is on specifying relationships between pain catastrophizing and two or more concepts, and on validating the theoretical hypotheses of ‘communal coping’ as opposed to ‘hypervigilance’. The predominance of correlational and cross‐sectional studies testifies to this. The concept’s definition includes the curative and preventive approaches. However, only the professional perspective seems to be reflected in the concept’s terminology.Conclusion.  Nursing theories and qualitative research seem to be avenues for the comprehension of the phenomenon and the broadening of perspectives. They may bring not only a new but also a unique perspective. Nevertheless, the current state of knowledge on pain catastrophizing is important to nurses as they could influence greatly the timing of interventions and prevention of chronic pain.
Women’s positions during the second stage of labour: views of primary care midwives
Authors: De Jonge Ank , Teunissen Doreth A.M. , Van Diem Mariet Th. , Scheepers Peer L.H. , Lagro‐Janssen Antoine L.M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTitle.  Women’s positions during the second stage of labour: views of primary care midwives. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to explore the views of midwives on women’s positions during the second stage of labour.Background.  Many authors recommend encouraging women to use positions that are most comfortable to them. Others advocate encouragement of non‐supine positions, because offering ‘choice’ is not enough to reverse the strong cultural norm of giving birth in the supine position. Midwives’ views on women’s positions have rarely been explored.Method.  Six focus groups were conducted in 2006–2007 with a purposive sample of 31 midwives. The data were interpreted using Thachuk’s models of informed consent and informed choice.Findings.  The models were useful in distinguishing between two different approaches of midwives to women’s positions during labour. When giving informed consent, midwives implicitly or explicitly ask a woman’s consent for what they themselves prefer. When offering informed choice, a woman’s preference is the starting point, but midwives will suggest other options if this is in the woman’s interest. Obstetric factors and working conditions are reasons to deviate from women’s preferences.Conclusions.  To give women an informed choice about birthing positions, midwives need to give them information during pregnancy and discuss their position preferences. Women should be prepared for the unpredictability of their feelings in labour and for obstetric factors that may interfere with their choice of position. Equipment for non‐supine births should be more midwife‐friendly. In addition, midwives and students need to be able to gain experience in assisting births in non‐supine positions.
Presence of patients’ families during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: physicians’ and nurses’ opinions
Authors: Demir Fatma 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTitle.  Presence of patients’ families during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: physicians’ and nurses’ opinions. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to determine the opinions of physicians and nurses who work in a university hospital intensive care unit and emergency department about the presence of patients’ families during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in these units.Background.  Healthcare professionals have conflicting opinions about the presence of patients’ families during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Families who are allowed to be present have less fear and worry, feel they have supported their family member and are able to cope more easily.Method.  The data for this descriptive questionnaire study were collected between November 2006 and January 2007. The respondents were 62 physicians and 82 nurses who worked in an emergency department or in cardiology or anaesthesia intensive care units in Turkey. The data were collected using a questionnaire and the responses summarized using frequencies and percentages. The chi‐squared test was performed to test for differences in the opinion by profession, educational level, or number of years of working experience in the profession.Findings.  The response rate was 79%. Of the respondents, 82·6% did not think it was appropriate for patients’ families to be present during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The most common concerns mentioned were that the family would interfere with the team’s activities (56·3%) and that resuscitation is a very traumatic procedure (43·6%).Conclusion.  Policies need to be developed regarding this topic because the absence of policy can cause misunderstanding and differences in practice. Further research is needed to determine what public education is needed to facilitate implementation of such policies.
Quantitative determination of the reduction of phototoxicity and photobleaching by controlled light exposure microscopy
Authors: HOEBE R.A. , VAN DER VOORT H.T.M. , STAP J. , VAN NOORDEN C.J.F. , MANDERS E.M.M. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryPhototoxicity and photobleaching are major limitations in live‐cell fluorescence microscopy. They are caused by fluorophores in an excited singlet or triplet state that generate singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species. The principle of controlled light exposure microscopy (CLEM) is based on non‐uniform illumination of the field of view to reduce the number of excited fluorophore molecules. This approach reduces phototoxicity and photobleaching 2‐ to 10‐fold without deteriorating image quality. Reduction of phototoxicity and photobleaching depends on the fluorophore distribution in the studied object, the optical properties of the microscope and settings of CLEM electronics. Here, we introduce the CLEM factor as a quantitative measure of reduction in phototoxicity and photobleaching. Finally, we give a guideline to optimize the effect of CLEM without compromising image quality.
Preservation of ultrastructure and immunoreactivity in cryosections of brain tissue stored in a sucrose‐gelatin solution at freezing temperatures
Authors: AKAGI T. , ISHIDA K. , TOHNO H. , HANASAKA T. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryWe evaluated the preservation of ultra‐structure and immunoreactivity in cryosections of central nervous system tissue mounted with and stored in a sucrose–gelatin solution for one month at −20°C or −80°C. The ultra‐structure of synaptic structure in these sections was well preserved and comparable to that of freshly cut cryosections. Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial ultra‐structure demonstrated gradually lower degrees of preservation in sections stored at −20°C and −80°C compared with that in freshly cut sections. We observed distinct metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1)‐immunogold labelling at peri‐synaptic sites in freshly cut sections and also in those stored at −20°C and −80°C. Quantitative analysis of mGluR1 immunoreactivity revealed that the total number of immunogold particles per synapse and the number of non‐specifically bound particles were similar under all three conditions. However, the percentage of gold particles bound to a specific synaptic region was greatest in freshly cut sections (79.0%) and progressively lower in sections stored at −20°C (76.1%), in which sections were not frozen, and in sections stored at −80°C (68.0%). These data indicate that ultra‐thin cryosections may be conveniently stored in a sucrose–gelatin solution at −20°C for cryoultramicrotomy‐immunolabelling.
Application of elemental microanalysis to elucidate the role of spherites in the digestive gland of the helicid snail Chilostoma lefeburiana
Authors: DELAKORDA S. LIPOVŠEK , LETOFSKY‐PAPST I. , NOVAK T. , GIOVANNELLI M. , HOFER F. , PABST M.A. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryIn this case study we present an application of different analytical electron microscopic methods in biology, to elucidate their usefulness in such investigations. Using analytical electron microscopy, spherites in the digestive gland cells of the helicid snail Chilostoma lefeburiana were examined at three stages: just before the non‐feeding period of over‐wintering in November, in the middle of over‐wintering in February and at its end in March. A detailed characterization of changes in the elemental composition of the spherites was characterized by a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDXS), electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy filtering TEM (EFTEM). During over‐wintering, the spherites passed the following changes. Before over‐wintering in November, they consisted of striking concentric layers of electron‐dense and electron‐lucent zones, while in February and March they showed clear empty zones between materials of different electron density. In November spherites, C, O, Ca, P, Cl, Fe, Si, Na, K, Mg and S were detected, whereas in February ones C, O, N, Cl, Si and S were found and only C, O, N, Si and Cl were detected in March spherites. It is suggested that the elements missing in February and March were used in different physiological processes during over‐wintering, like (1) the maintenance of the appropriate elemental composition of the internal environment, (2) accumulation of non‐toxic waste materials that cannot be metabolized and (3) avoiding potential intoxication by contamination with toxic metals.