bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of UV‐B Irradiation on the Interspecific Growth Interaction between Heterosigma akashiwo and Prorocentrum donghaiense
Authors: Xie Zhihao , Xiao Hui , Cai Hengjiang , Wang Renjun , Tang Xuexi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractEnhanced solar ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) irradiation resulted from the stratospheric ozone depletion has adverse impacts on the primary productivity of marine algae. The effects of UV‐B enhancement on marine algae include reduction in photosynthesis and biomass, alteration in species competition, impaired chloroplast function, and damage to DNA. Harmful algal blooms (HAB) are an ubiquitous natural phenomenon caused by the excessive growth of phytoplankton. Many studies have examined the influence of supplemental UV‐B irradiation on different algae, but the effects of UV‐B irradiation on the interspecific growth interaction of HAB species has received little attention. In this study, Heterosigma akashiwo and Prorocentrum donghaiense were chosen to investigate the effect of UV‐B irradiation on the growth interaction between two HAB species by a co‐culture method. In a mixed culture experiment, H. akashiwo inhibited the growth of P. donghaiense in an inoculum dependent manner. In the absence of UV‐B irradiation, H. akashiwo dominated the competition with P. donghaiense under different inoculation proportions. Surprisingly, supplemental UV‐B irradiation alters the growth interaction between the two HAB species. P. donghaiense dominated the competition at the inoculation proportion of H: P = 1: 4. Supplemental UV‐B irradiation also weakens the competition dominance of H. akashiwo at the inoculation proportion of H: P = 1: 1 or H: P = 4: 1. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SVEP1 expression is regulated in estrogen‐dependent manner
Authors: Shur I. , Zemer‐Tov E. , Socher R. , Benayahu D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe SVEP1 protein comprises modules related to the selectin super family and other motifs found in cell surface molecules. Earlier, we demonstrated that SVEP1 is expressed in osteogenic cells both in vivo and in vitro; in the current study we elaborate on the regulation of SVEP1 by 17β‐Estradiol (17βE2). SVEP1 message is expressed in vivo by bone marrow cells of sham‐operated rats, but not in estrogen‐depleted ovariectomized (OVX) rats. We demonstrated that 17βE2 treatment increases the level of the SVEP1 expression in cultured osteoblasts. SVEP1 was identified also in breast carcinoma (BC) cells known to reside in bone when metastasized from the primary tumor. SVEP1 expression was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) on various BC cell lines. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was applied to analyze the estrogen receptor (ER) binding to the putative SVEP1 promoter. We demonstrated that treatment with 17βE2 or ICI 182,780 affects this binding and regulates the mRNA and protein levels of SVEP1 in BC cells. We propose that SVEP1 may serve as a useful biomarker for studying the mechanism of cells interactions within the local microenvironment affected by estrogen. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 732–739, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular imaging of angiogenesis
Authors: Neeman Michal , Gilad Assaf A. , Dafni Hagit , Cohen Batya 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAngiogenesis (the growth of new blood vessels) is a complex multistep process that involves multiple cell types, numerous growth factors, and complex regulatory checks and balances. Tight control of vascular remodeling evolved to ensure stability of the vasculature while maintaining the body's ability to rapidly mount an angiogenic response requiring a high degree of plasticity. Angiogenesis is critical not only for physiological development, but also for the progression of pathologies, and is thus a target for therapeutic intervention. The importance of the process coupled with the ease of access for delivery of contrast agents makes the vasculature at large, and angiogenesis in particular, a favorable target of functional and molecular imaging. Recent developments in molecular imaging tools have expanded our views to encompass many components of the process. Functional imaging of blood volume, vessel permeability, and vasoreactivity is complemented by novel contrast agents that reveal specific targets on endothelial cells. Methods have been developed to label vascular cells so as to track their recruitment to sites of angiogenesis, and new “smart” contrast agents have been designed to reveal the activity of enzymatic reactions in altering the extracellular matrix (ECM) during angiogenesis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative analysis of whole‐tumor Gd enhancement histograms predicts malignant transformation in low‐grade gliomas
Authors: Tofts Paul S. , Benton Christopher E. , Weil Rimona S. , Tozer Daniel J. , Altmann Daniel R. , Jäger H. Rolf , Waldman Adam D. , Rees Jeremy H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPurposeTo quantify subtle gadolinium (Gd) enhancement (signal increase) in whole‐tumor histograms and optimize their ability to predict subsequent malignant transformation in low‐grade gliomas (LGGs).Materials and MethodsWe analyzed histograms from 21 adult subjects with LGGs (eight nontransformers and 13 transformers) who had been imaged every six months for periods of two to five years. Before transformation these tumors were reported as radiologically non‐enhancing. Imaging included a T1‐weighted volume sequence before and after a double dose of Gd‐DTPA contrast agent. Image data sets were spatially registered and subtracted to obtain maps of percent enhancement (%E). Tumor outlines were defined on fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, and the volumes were calculated. Histogram tails were analyzed to obtain the volume (mL) of subtly enhancing tissue (%E > 10%).ResultsBaseline enhancing volumes were higher for Ts than for NTs (P < 0.005). Kaplan‐Meier survival curves for a threshold of 4 mL showed clear differences at five years (P < 0.04). Pretransformation examinations predicted transformation (corrected threshold = 3.0 mL, P = 0.011).ConclusionClear histogram differences at presentation suggest that the process of transformation starts very early. It is now possible to identify individuals at high risk for transformation at baseline by quantifying the volume of subtly enhancing tumor tissue, and such findings could have an impact on patient management. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytokines, neurotrophins, and oxidative stress in brain disease from mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB
Authors: Villani Guglielmo R.D. , Gargiulo Nadia , Faraonio Raffaella , Castaldo Sigismondo , Gonzalez y Reyero Enrico , Di Natale Paola 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis IIIB (MPS IIIB; Sanfilippo syndrome type B) is characterized by profound neurological deterioration. Because a murine model of MPS IIIB disease is available, we focused on analysis of gene expression in the brain and cerebellum of 7‐month‐old MPS IIIB mice by pathway‐specific filter microarrays designed to probe apoptotic‐related, neurotrophic signalling molecules and inflammatory cytokines and receptors. Moreover, we extended the analysis with real‐time PCR performed at 1, 3, 7 months after birth. Bdnf was down‐regulated in the brain but up‐regulated in the cerebellum at 7 months of age, both at RNA and at protein levels. Cbln1 presented a threefold increase in the oldest brains while remaining unaltered in the cerebellum. Ccl3, Casp11, gp91phox, p67phox, and p47phox showed an increased expression in both brain and cerebellum at each examined time point. Ccl3, in particular, exhibited in both organs and at all times tested approximately a tenfold increase in its expression. Insofar as p47phox, p67phox, and gp91phox are all components of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, our results suggest the possible involvement of the reactive oxygen species in the genesis of neurodegeneration in MPS IIIB disease. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synapse formation and elimination: Role of activity studied in different models of adult muscle reinnervation
Authors: Favero Morgana , Lorenzetto Erika , Bidoia Carlo , Buffelli Mario , Busetto Giuseppe , Cangiano Alberto 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSynapse competition and elimination are a general developmental process both in central and in peripheral nervous systems that is strongly activity dependent. Some common features regulate synapse competition, and one of these is an application to development of the Hebb's postulate of learning: repeated coincident spike activity in competing presynaptic inputs on the same target cell inhibits competition, whereas noncoincident activity promotes weakening of some of the inputs and ultimately their elimination. Here we report experiments that indicate that the development of muscle innervation (initial polyneuronal innervation and subsequent synapse elimination) follows the Hebb's paradigm. We utilized two different models of muscle reinnervation in the adult rat: 1) we crushed nerves going to soleus or extensor digitorum longus muscles, to activate regeneration of the presynaptic component of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ), or 2) we injected the soleus muscle with Marcaine (a myotoxic agent) to activate regeneration of the postsynaptic component, the muscle fiber. A condition of transient polyneuronal innervation occurs during NMJ regeneration in both cases, although the two models differ insofar as the relative strength of the competing inputs is concerned. During the period of competition (a few days or weeks, in Marcaine or crush experiments, respectively), we imposed a synchronous firing pattern on the competing inputs by stimulating motor axons distal to a chronic conduction block and demonstrated that this procedure strongly inhibits synapse elimination, with respect to control muscles in which regeneration occurs under natural impulse activity of motoneurons. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of μ ‐opioid receptor in modulation of preproenkephalin mRNA expression and opioid and dopamine receptor binding in methamphetamine‐sensitized mice
Authors: Tien Lu‐Tai , Ho Ing‐Kang , Loh Horace H. , Ma Tangeng 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe examined mRNA expression of preproenkephalin (PPE), a precursor of the endogenous opioid peptide enkephalin, and ligand binding to opioid and dopamine receptors in the striatum and nucleus accumbens in methamphetamine (METH)‐sensitized μ‐opioid receptor (μ‐OR) knockout mice and their wild‐type controls. Animals received daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of METH (0, 0.625, 2.5, or 10 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days to induce sensitization. Brain tissues were taken for biochemical analysis on experimental day 11 (4 days after the last injection). Expression of PPE mRNA and ligand binding were determined by in situ hybridization and autoradiography, respectively. Results indicate that there is an increase in PPE mRNA expression and a decrease in μ‐OR ligand binding in METH‐sensitized wild‐type mice. These changes were not detected in METH‐sensitized μ‐OR knockout mice. A significant increase in δ‐opioid receptor (δ‐OR) ligand binding was found in μ‐OR knockout mice. After repeated METH exposure, striatal and nucleus accumbal dopamine D1 receptor binding was decreased in μ‐OR knockout mice but was not changed in wild‐type mice. D2 receptor ligand binding was increased in wild‐type mice and exhibited a biphasic change, with a decrease at 0.625 and 2.5 mg/kg doses of METH and an increase with 10 mg/kg of METH, in μ‐OR knockout mice. These findings suggest that the μ‐OR is involved in the regulation of METH‐induced changes in an endogenous opioid peptide and dopamine receptors. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of Cymbopogon citratus L. essential oil on the growth, lipid content and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger ML2‐strain
Authors: Helal G. A. , Sarhan M. M. , Abu Shahla A. N. K. , Abou El‐Khair E. K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe mycelial growth of Aspergillus niger van Tieghem was completely inhibited using 1.5 (l/ml or 2.0 (l/ml of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil applied by fumigation or contact method in Czapek liquid medium, respectively. This oil was found also to be fungicidal at the same concentrations. The sublethal doses 1.0 and 1.5 (l/ml inhibited about 70% of fungal growth after five days of incubation and delayed conidiation as compared with the control. Microscopic observations using Light Microscope (LM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) were carried out to determine the ultra structural modifications of A. niger hyphae after treatment with C. citratus essential oil. The hyphal diameter and hyphal wall appeared markedly thinner. This oil also caused plasma membrane disruption and mitochondrial structure disorganization. Moreover, Ca+2, K+ and Mg+2 leakages increased from the fumigated mycelium and its total lipid content decreased, while the saturated fatty acids decreased and unsaturated fatty acids increased. These findings increase the possibility of exploiting C. citratus essential oil as an effective inhibitor of biodegrading and storage contaminating fungi and in fruit juice preservation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Proteinase inhibitors from Streptomyces with antiviral activity
Authors: Serkedjieva Julia , Angelova Lidiya , Remichkova Mimi , Ivanova Iskra 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn extensive screening study for the production of proteolytic inhibitors has been carried out on 75 Streptomyces strains. It was found that 18 of the strains and/or their variants (24%) produced proteinaceous substances, which belonged to the group of typical serine protease inhibitors. 23 samples were tested for inhibitory activity on the replication of influenza virus A/Germany/34, strain Rostock (H7N1) (A/Rostock) in chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF) cells. Eleven of the tested samples (52.2%) significantly inhibited viral growth. Further the specific inhibitory effect on the replication of influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) (A/Aichi) in Madin‐Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and on the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1, strain DA (HSV‐1) in Madin‐Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells was tested. Nine samples significantly inhibited A/Aichi and four – HSV‐1. The most effective inhibitors, produced by Streptomyces sp. 225b (SS 225b) and Streptomyces chromofuscus 34‐1 (SS 34‐1) protected mice from mortality in the experimental influenza A/Aichi virus infection. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Biodiversity of the genusFusariumin saline soil habitats
Authors: Mandeel Qaher A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFusariumspecies assemblage and diversity were investigated in eight different contrasting extreme saline soil habitats of the hot arid desert environment of Bahrain. Saline habitats are located towards the central‐southern part of Bahrain and featured by high electrical conductivity, slightly alkaline sandy soil, poor in nutrient sources and water holding capacity and mainly dominated by a salt‐tolerant flora. Quantification of data for the recovery ofFusariumspecies was based on morphological characters and counts by a series of ten fold dilutions plate method and direct soil plating, using two selective media supplemented with different NaCl concentrations. A total of 68 isolates, fluctuated between 1 and 23 per soil sample, were recovered among all habitats mostly at 0 and 5% NaCl concentrations, while no recovery was achieved at 20 and 25%. Grouping of these isolates has resulted in only five species (F. solani,F. oxysporum,F. chlamydosporum,F. equisetiandF. compactum), all of which were previously reported from the arid terrestrial habitats of Bahrain.F. solaniwas the most predominant species, based on relative density, frequency of occurrence and dominance values, followed byF. oxysporum, a finding consistent with other similar arid Sahara ecosystems. Evaluation of data, supported by analysis of diversity indices and community coefficients, revealed that desert mountain habitat followed by burial mounds habitat were highly homogeneous coupled with maximum species richness, diversity indices and evenness, whereas soil habitats like cliffs, coastal and Al‐Lowzy pit were the poorest. Moreover,in vitrotests showed that among other fusaria,F. solaniexhibited the highest tolerance to increase NaCl concentrations (25%) and temperature (28.3 mm linear growth at 35 °C). At 10% NaCl concentrations, significant reduction in linear growth extensions suppressed all species accompanied by massive thick‐walled, drought‐resistant chlamydospores formation, indicating that species are mainly thermo‐osmotolerant.Fusariumspecies recoveries were negatively significantly correlated (p< 0.05), with soil edaphic factors including salinity (r= –0.849) and soil moisture (r= –0.711). It is thus, proposed that inter and intra specific variation in theFusariumspecies community, in particular soil niche, is an outcome of the influence of bioclimatic, multi‐soil‐edaphic and biotic factors. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Acyl‐CoA oxidase activity from Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus
Authors: Alconada Teresa M. , Juárez M. Patricia 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBeauveria bassiana produces acyl‐Co oxidase (ACO) in the P20000 g fraction of glucose and alkane‐grown cultures that catalyze the oxidation of acyl‐CoAs of different chain length. The activity was measured indirectly over the formation of H2O2 via the oxidative‐coupled assay system. ACO activity was assessed spectrophotometrically in the P20000 g fraction of glucose‐grown (FS0) and n ‐alkane grown cultures (FSalk), employing acyl‐CoAs of 16 to 24 carbons as substrates. A significant increment in the activity was observed in FSalk as compared to that of controls (FS0) in all conditions tested. Tetracosane‐grown cultures showed the highest activity with lignoceroyl‐CoA. The reaction conditions were optimized employing lignoceroyl‐CoA as substrate. A variable lag phase was observed when the activity was measured as a function of time. In the presence of 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (AT) to prevent H2O2 consumption by endogenous catalase, the lag phase became shorter and disappeared when AT concentrations were raised from 40 to 200 mM, thus enhancing acyl‐CoA oxidation. Enzyme activity reached its maximal value in the presence of 240 μg peroxidase, 0.08% Triton X‐100 and 36 μM bovine serum albumin. The apparent Km using lignoceroyl as substrate was estimated 2.5 μM. ACO showed high activity and stability between 30 and 40 °C, as well as between 7.0 and 9.0 pH, for 120 min, being 7.0 the optimum pH. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Use of the Porcine Intestinal Epithelium (PIE)‐Assay to analyze early stages of colonization by the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans
Authors: Wendland Jürgen , Hellwig Daniela , Walther Andrea , Sickinger Stefan , Shadkchan Yona , Martin Ronny , Bauer Janine , Osherov Nir , Tretiakov Alexander , Saluz Hans‐Peter 
Published: November 2006

AbstractVirulence of C. albicans strains can be tested using a mouse model of haematogenously disseminated Candida cells. Initial steps of host‐pathogen contact such as adhesion and colonization are not taken into account due to the injection of Candida cells into the blood stream. Here we describe an assay, based on the ex vivo usage of porcine intestinal epithelium (PIE), that is useful to monitor the early stages of a C. albicans infection. The ability of C. albicans to undergo morphogenetic switching between yeast and hyphal stages is thought to contribute to its virulence. We found that hyphal formation was required to allow cells to colonize the PIE. The non‐filamentous mutant strains efg1/cph1 which lacks two of the central transcription factors that are required to promote hyphal growth and wal1 that carries a deletion of the C. albicans homolog of the human Wiskott‐Aldrich Syndrome Protein and is deficient in endocytosis showed only weak adherence. Furthermore, the wal1 mutant was found to be reduced in virulence using the mouse tail vein injection assay. We also analyzed the colonization properties of a variety of other mutant strains carrying deletions of either secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP)‐family genes or amino acid permease encoding genes (GAP1, SSY1, and PUT4). Interestingly, the nag5 strain which lacks an N‐acetylglucosamine kinase showed enhanced filamentation and invasive growth as well as increased resistance against farnesol. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adoption decision and use intensity of soil and water conservation measures by smallholder subsistence farmers in Dedo District, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Anley Y. , Bogale A. , Haile‐Gabriel A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSoil degradation in the highlands of Ethiopia is a serious problem that threatens the sustainability of agriculture. Although efforts have been made to develop and promote several soil conservation technologies, their adoption has not been widespread. This study, based on responses from a sample of 101 households which operate on 204 plots in Western Ethiopia, interviewed in 2003 cropping year, employed a Tobit model to identify the main factors influencing farmers' decision to adopt and intensify the use of improved and indigenous soil and water conservation (SWC) measures. The results suggest that area of cultivated land, land/labour ratio, age and education level of household head and distance of the plot from home and slope of the plot provided statistically adequate predictive power on the use and intensity of SWC measures. These results are discussed and their implications for conservation programs are presented in the conclusion. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new technique for proving realisability and consistency theorems using finite paraconsistent models of cut‐free logic
Authors: Daynes Arief 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA new technique for proving realisability results is presented, and is illustrated in detail for the simple case of arithmetic minus induction. CL is a Gentzen formulation of classical logic. CPQ is CL minus the Cut Rule. The basic proof theory and model theory of CPQ and CL is developed. For the semantics presented CPQ is a paraconsistent logic, i.e. there are non‐trivial CPQ models in which some sentences are both true and false. Two systems of arithmetic minus induction are introduced, CL‐A and CPQ‐A based on CL and CPQ, respectively. The realisability theorem for CPQ‐A is proved: It is shown constructively that to each theorem A of CPQ‐A there is a formula A *, a so‐called “realised disjunctive form of A ”, such that variables bound by essentially existential quantifiers in A * can be written as recursive functions of free variables and variables bound by essentially universal quantifiers. Realisability is then applied to prove the consistency of CL‐A, making use of certain finite non‐trivial inconsistent models of CPQ‐A. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On ℵ0‐categorical weakly circularly minimal structures
Authors: Kulpeshov Beibut Sh. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe continue exploring analogues of o‐minimality and weak o‐minimality for circularly ordered sets. The main result is a description of ℵ0‐categorical 1‐transitive non‐primitive weakly circularly minimal structures of convexity rank 1 up to binarity (Theorems 4.4 and 4.5). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The weak pigeonhole principle for function classes in S12
Authors: Danner Norman , Pollett Chris 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIt is well known that S 12 cannot prove the injective weak pigeonhole principle for polynomial time functions unless RSA is insecure. In this note we investigate the provability of the surjective (dual) weak pigeonhole principle in S 12 for provably weaker function classes. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)