bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of pulsed and continuous wave 902 MHz mobile phone exposure on brain oscillatory activity during cognitive processing
Authors: Krause Christina M. , Pesonen Mirka , Haarala Björnberg Christian , Hämäläinen Heikki 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe aim of the current double‐blind studies was to partially replicate the studies by Krause et al. [2000a, b, 2004] and to further investigate the possible effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted by mobile phones (MP) on the event‐related desynchronisation/synchronisation (ERD/ERS) EEG (electroencephalogram) responses during cognitive processing. Two groups, both consisting of 36 male participants, were recruited. One group performed an auditory memory task and the other performed a visual working memory task in six exposure conditions: SHAM (no EMF), CW (continuous wave EMF) and PM (pulse modulated EMF) during both left‐ and right‐side exposure, while the EEG was recorded. In line with our previous studies, we observed that the exposure to EMF had modest effects on brain oscillatory responses in the alpha frequency range (∼8–12 Hz) and had no effects on the behavioural measures. The effects on the EEG were, however, varying, unsystematic and inconsistent with previous reports. We conclude that the effects of EMF on brain oscillatory responses may be subtle, variable and difficult to replicate for unknown reasons. Bioelectromagnetics 28:296–308, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors Affecting the Interlayer Arrangement of Transition Metal–Ethylenediaminetetraacetate Complexes Intercalated in Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Wu Guoqing , Wang Lianying , Yang Lan , Yang Junjiao 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTransition metal (M)–ethylenediaminetetraacetate (edta) complexes {[M(edta)]2–} have been intercalated in layered double hydroxides (LDHs) by a hydrothermal method using MgAl–NO3 LDH as the precursor. The factors affecting the orientation of the incorporated [M(edta)]2– in the resulting well‐ordered materials were investigated. Whilst varying the metal cation in the intercalated complex has no major influence on the orientation of the [M(edta)]2– (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) anion in the interlayer galleries, there is a marked dependence on layer charge density. The observed basal spacings of 1.402–1.461 nm for Mg2Al–M(edta) LDH and 1.254 nm for Mg3Al–Zn(edta) LDH can be ascribed to bilayer and monolayer arrangements, respectively, of the [M(edta)]2– anion. When the Mg/Al ratio is varied in the range 2.2–2.7 the two guest arrangements coexist. The evolution of the interlayer arrangement of [M(edta)]2– in LDHs with increasing temperature was studied by variable‐temperature in‐situ XRD measurements, variable‐temperature in‐situ FT‐IR, and combined thermogravimetric analysis and mass spectrometry (TGA‐MS). In the case of Mg2Al–M(edta) LDH, a metastable phase with a similar monolayer structure to that found in Mg3Al–M(edta) LDH was detected by XRD in the range 140–300 °C. Cooling of the calcined solid to room temperature in air leads to the recovery of the original bilayer structure. The reversible nature of the structural transformation indicates that a reorientation of the guest [M(edta)]2– complex in the interlayer galleries occurs on heating, rather than a grafting process. Heat treatment of Mg3Al–M(edta) LDH results only in a gradual contraction of the basal spacing associated with the loss of interlayer water without any reorientation of the guest [M(edta)]2– complex. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Tamoxifen‐induced modification of serum lipoprotein phospholipids in the cockerel
Authors: Breckenridge W. Carl , Lazier C. B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe administration of tamoxifen (Tam), a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, or of a diphenyl‐methane derivative of Tam that does not bind to the estrogen receptor (DPPE) of cockerels results in a marked decrease in the concentration of serum lipoprotein constitutents with an apparent alteration in phospholipid composition. To establish the nature of changes in phospholipids, the molecular species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (Sph) were isolated and characterized. Between 9 and 18 hr following the administration of Tam or DPPE, there was a marked decrease in the proportion of molecular species of serum PC containing C16 and C18 fatty acids, but there was an increase in the proportion of molecular species containing C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Fatty acid analyses revealed that this change was due to an increase in arachidonic and docosaxaenoic acids at the expense of oleic and linoleic acids. These proportional changes were due to an absolute decrease in serum of PC molecular species containing palmitic and stearic acids in association with oleic and linoleic acids with very little change in the absolute concentration of molecular species containing arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids. By contrast, the composition of Sph, which contained palmitic acid as the major fatty acid, was not altered during treatment. It is concluded that the short‐term effect of Tam and DPPE on plasma phospholipids of the cockerel is due to a selective conservation of PC containing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Changes in muscle lipid composition and resistance adaptation to temperature in the freshwater crayfish,Austropotamobius pallipes
Authors: Cossins A. R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe phospholipid and fatty acid composition of muscle lipid extracts from crayfish acclimated to 4 C and 25 C (18 hr‐light photoperiod) were analyzed. The phospholipid content and class distribution, and cholesterol content were unaffected by the acclimation treatment. Unsaturation of muscle phosphoglycerides was higher in cold acclimated crayfish. Serine/inositol phosphoglycerides from cold‐acclimated animals showed somewhat higher proportions of mono‐and polyunsaturated fatty acids, whereas choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides were less affected. This was correlated with a decreased resistance of cold‐acclimated crayfish to lethal high temperature. Acclimation at 4 C under an 8 hr‐light photoperiod caused an increased fatty acid unsaturation of the total phospholipid fraction compared to the 4 C, 18 hr‐light photoperiod acclimated animals. The resistance of 4 C acclimated crayfish to lethal high temperature, however, was unaffected by daylength treatment. The resistance of freshwater crayfish to lethal high temperature is not simply related to the degree of saturation of the muscle phospholipids. It is suggested that a breakdown in the integrity of a bulk‐lipid bilayer is not involved in the process of heat death; rather, that a membrane‐bound protein factor, whose thermal sensitivity is modified by changes in its phospholipid environment during temperature adaptation but not during photoperiod adaptation, is the primary site of heat injury.
Studies on metabolism of linoleic‐1‐14C acid in testes of hypophysectomized rats
Authors: Nakamura Masami , Privett O. S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractStudies are reported on the influence of hypophysectomy and pituitary gonadotrophins on the interconversion and incorporation of linoleic‐1‐14C acid into lipid classes of mature rat testis. Linoleic 1‐14C acid was injected into the testes of mature rats 3 weeks after hypophysectomy. Groups of animals were killed at 0.25, 0.50, 1, 3, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hr after injection of the radioactive linoleic acid, and the incorporation of radio‐activity into the fatty acids and lipid classes of the testicular lipids was determined. Similar experiments were carried out with hypophysectomized animals injected intramuscularly with luteinizing or follicle stimulating hormones, or both. The specific activitties of the triglyverides and phospholipids of the testicular lipid increased to a maximum ca. 1 hr after the injection of the radioactive linoleic acid, then decreased sharply. The general pattern of changes in the specific activities of these compounds indicated that the rate of fatty acid catabolism was greatly increased by hypophysectomy. In contrast, the specific activities of the cholesteryl esters and glyceryl ether diesters changed slowly after reaching a maximum at approximately the same time. This pattern, their accumulation in the lipid, and an increase in the constituent 22∶5 indicated that the turnover of these compounds was impaired by hypophysectomy. The conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid was also impaired by hypophysectomy, as evidenced by an increase in the percentage and the high specific activity of 20∶3 compared to 20∶4. The administration of gonadotrophins partially prevented the effects of hypophysectomy, indicating that some of the enzymes in the testes involved in the metabolism of the lipids are hormone sensitive.
The Verbal and the Visual in Science: A Heideggerian Perspective
Authors: Gross Alan G. 
Published: January 2007

ArgumentHeidegger's philosophy of science is notable for the prominence it gives to visuals and visualization. This is because for Heidegger, truth – including scientific truth – is the consequence of unconcealment, the lifting of a veil. But as scientific truth is a special kind, its visualization is also special: scientific truth reveals itself to us as, in Heidegger's words, “a calculable nexus of forces.” This nexus unconceals itself largely by means of instrumentation: it is this process of revelation that turns objects into objects of science. Despite its focus on visualization, however, Heidegger's philosophy of science cannot be applied directly to scientific visuals. His categories are not designed with visual exegesis in mind. For that purpose, semiotics, the science of meaning as defined by Charles Peirce, is a necessary intermediary between the abstract and the concrete, a taxonomy of icon, index, and symbol that can be employed as a set of hermeneutic probes that permit the exploration of scientific visuals as embodiments and carriers of scientific meaning. But not their sole embodiments and carriers. In achieving scientific semiosis, the verbal and visual must combine their particular strengths. This is also in accord with a Heideggerian view: science moves methodically from the visual to the propositional, though it never leaves the visual behind.
Poisson Representation of a Ewens Fragmentation Process
Authors: GNEDIN ALEXANDER , PITMAN JIM 
Published: January 2007

A simple explicit construction is provided of a partition-valued fragmentation process whose distribution on partitions of [n] = 1,. . .,nat time θ ≥ 0 is governed by the Ewens sampling formula with parameter θ. These partition-valued processes are exchangeable and consistent, asnvaries. They can be derived by uniform sampling from a corresponding mass fragmentation process defined by cutting a unit interval at the points of a Poisson process with intensity θx−1dx on/mathbbR+, arranged to beintensifying as θ increases.
Mating system of the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus
Authors: Boonstra Rudy , Xia Xuhua , Pavone Leo 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Previous studies on parental and spacing behavior of Microtus pennsylvanicus suggest a promiscuous mating system, but attempts to find multiple paternity in single litters have been unsuccessful. In this paper we present evidence of multiple paternity in single litters conceived in the wild early in the breeding season. The proportion of litters sired by multiple males was estimated, by a conservative method, to be 33.1%.We argue that the presence of promiscuity, rather than polygyny, in M. pennsylvanicus is the result of two factors. First, overwintered breeding males are similar in age and size, resulting in small variation in competitive ability among males. This reduced variation in competitive ability reduces the possibility that some males defend several females and others defend none. Second, the habitat structure of the meadow vole makes it difficult for a male to detect other males nearby, and this reduces the possibility that one male excludes others from mating when a female comes into estrus.
Asymptotically optimal difference-based estimation of variance in nonparametric regression
Authors: HALL PETER , KAY J W , TITTERINGTON D M 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
We define and compute asymptotically optimal difference sequences for estimating error variance in homoscedastic nonparametric regression. Our optimal difference sequences do not depend on unknowns, such as the mean function, and provide substantial improvements over the suboptimal sequences commonly used in practice. For example, in the case of normal data the usual variance estimator based on symmetric second-order differences is only 64% efficient relative to the estimator based on optimal second-order differences. The efficiency of an optimal mth-order difference estimator relative to the error sample variance is 2m/(2m + 1). Again this is for normal data, and increases as the tails of the error distribution become heavier.
Risk Factors for Invasive Cervical Cancer in Kenyan Women
Authors: WILLIAMS MICHELLE A , KENYA PATRICK R , MATI J K G , THOMAS DAVID B 
Published: January 2007

Abstract

Background
Few epidemiological investigations of invasive cervical cancer have been conducted in Sub-Saharan African populations.

Methods
Using information collected as part of the hospital-based World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives, we examined potential risk factors for invasive cervical cancer among Kenyan women. In all 112 women with histologically confirmed invasive cervical cancer diagnosed at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya, between June 1981 and September 1988 and 749 control subjects were included in the present analyses. All women were interviewed regarding their medical and reproductive history, methods of birth control, and history of sexual relationships and sexually transmitted infections. Multiple logistic regression procedures were used to derive maximum likelihood estimates of adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
After adjusting for age, several factors were found to be associated with invasive cervical cancer. These include multiple sexual partners, early age at first sexual intercourse (OR = 1.9 and 2.6 for women reporting first intercourse at age 16–17 years and &lt;15 years, respectively, compared to women with first intercourse &gt; 18 years), history of abnormal vaginal discharge (OR = 13.8, 95% CI: 8.3–23.0), and history of gonorrhoeal infection (OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.6–6.2). Low educational attainment and multiparity were also associated with the risk of invasive cervical cancer. Although the Papanicolaou smear has been extensively used as a screening method for cervical cancer in many countries, only three cases and four controls reported ever having a Papanicolaou smear (2.6% cases and 0.5% of controls).

Conclusions
As has been observed in other parts of the world, cervical neoplasia in Kenya appears to be a late consequence of venereally transmitted carcinogenic agents.
Lifestyle and the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Gulf Arab Population
Authors: AL-ROOMI KHALDOON A , MUSAIGER ABDULRAHMAN O , AL-AWADI ABDUL-HAI 
Published: January 2007

Abstract

Background
Recent statistics indicate that acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is becoming very common in the State of Bahrain. A population-based case-control study was carried out to explore the importance of lifestyle in the occurrence of AMI in Bahrain among those aged 30–79 years.

Methods
Seventy consecutive cases with a first episode of AMI were identified from a register, which included all hospital admissions, during the period 1 February 1992 to 31 July 1992, and compared with 516 subjects obtained from a random sample of the same community. Multiple logistic regression was used to control for demographic variables as well as for the mutual confounding effects of the investigated risk factors.

Results
Of the patients with first-time AMI, 64% did not walk regularly for exercise compared with 34% of community controls (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] :1.24–5.15). In all, 12% of community controls has a history of hypertension and 9% had diabetes. The comparative figures for AMI patients were 44% for hypertension (adjusted OR = 5.04, 95% CI: 2.82–9.00) and 22% for diabetes (adjusted OR = 3.28, CI: 1.73–6.20). Cigarette smoking and infrequent consumption of fruits and vegetables also appeared to be associated with an increased risk of AMI.

Conclusions
There is scope for lifestyle change in reducing AMI risk, by changes in physical activity, smoking and dietary habits. In addition, measures to control hypertension and diabetes should be given a high priority in any national health policy to prevent AMI.
A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA
Authors: Birnboim H.C. , Doly J. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
A procedure for extracting plasmid DNA from bacterial cells 1s described. The method 1s simple enough to permit the analysis by gel electrophoresis of 100 or more clones per day yet yields plasmid DNA which is pure enough to be digestible by restriction enzymes. The principle of the method is selective alkaline denaturation of high molecular weight chromosomal DNA while covalently closed circular DNA remains double-stranded. Adequate pH control is accomplished without using a pH meter. Upon neutralization, chromosomal DNA renatures to form an insoluble clot, leaving plasmid DNA in the supernatant. Large and small plasmid DNAs have been extracted by this method.
Changes in Treatment of Advanced Oropharyngeal Cancer, 1985–2001
Authors: Chen Amy Y. , Schrag Nicole , Hao Yongping , Stewart Andrew , Ward Elizabeth 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study is to describe patterns of care of advanced oropharyngeal cancer during 1985 to 2001.Methods: We extracted oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer cases from the National Cancer Database. Type of initial treatment, type of facility, stage of tumor, payer status, and demographic variables were collected. Fisher exact test was used to compare the patient demographic and clinical characteristics across facility types. Weighted least squares regression analysis was used to analyze treatment trends over time and t‐tests were done to test for significance in trends.Results: A total of 54,801 cases were available for analysis. Teaching/research facilities treated a disproportionately higher number of advanced‐stage cancers (81%, P < .01). In addition, these facilities treat a higher percentage of uninsured (7%, P < .01) and nonwhite patients (27%, P < .01). The use of organ preservation protocols (chemoradiation) increased from 15% in 1985 to 29% in 2001 (β1 = 0.0080, P < .05), whereas the use of radiation alone decreased from 42% in 1985 to 27% in 2001 (β1 = −0.0118, P < .05). The use of cancer‐directed surgery remained stable. There was no difference in rates of chemoradiation for advanced oropharyngeal cancer across facility types.Conclusions: Our results suggest that chemoradiation is increasingly becoming more prevalent at all facility types. The use of radiation alone as primary treatment significantly declined during the study period. In view of the complexity and multidisciplinary nature of treatment for oropharyngeal cancer, it is recommended that care of such patients be discussed at institutional tumor boards and that the recommendations be systematically recorded and documented in hospital cancer registries.
Risk Factors for Wound Infection After Surgery in Primary Oral Cavity Cancer Patients
Authors: Liu Shih‐An , Wong Yong‐Kie , Poon Chiu‐Kwan , Wang Chen‐Chi , Wang Ching‐Ping , Tung Kwong‐Chung 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectives: Few studies have discussed the predictive factors of surgical wound infection (WI) in primary oral cavity cancer patients. Therefore, we aimed to determine the relevant factors associated with postoperative WI in a large group of patients with oral cavity cancers.Study Design: Retrospective chart review.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1,693 chart records of oral cavity cancer patients. Twenty variables were obtained from chart review. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and a multiple logistic regression model for investigating the predictive factors for WI.Results: Postoperative WI rate was 19.8%. Diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR]: 2.511, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.409–4.475), perioperative blood transfusion (OR: 4.293, 95% CI: 2.448–7.529), reconstruction with free flap or pectoris major myocutaneous flap (OR: 3.682, 95% CI: 1.909–7.102), and postoperative serum albumin level less than 2.8 g/dL (OR: 2.853, 95% CI: 1.928–4.221) were all independent factors associated with postoperative WI.Conclusions: Recognition of relevant factors can help surgeons to identify those at high risk of WI after surgery for primary oral cavity cancer and can enable better management of such cases.
Arachidonic Acid Content in Adipose Tissue Is Associated With Insulin Resistance in Healthy Children
Authors: Aldámiz‐Echevarría Luis , Prieto José A , Andrade Fernando , Elorz Javier , Sanjurjo Pablo , Soriano Juan Rodríguez 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:The fatty acid composition of membrane structural lipids, which is partly dependent on dietary intake, is associated with insulin action.Aim:To examine the association between fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle phospholipids with insulin resistance markers in a healthy pediatric population.Methods:Using a cross‐sectional design, we studied 83 healthy children divided into 3 groups, ages 2 to 5, 6 to 10 and more than 10 years.Measurements:Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue triacylglycerols and skeletal muscle phospholipids, plasma lipid profile and fasting plasma levels of glucose and insulin were measured.Results:There was a linear increase of insulinemia, glycemia and homeostasis adipose tissue model assessment (HOMA) index throughout the pediatric age range. Linoleic acid proportion in skeletal muscle and arachidonic acid proportion in adipose tissue also increased significantly with age. An age‐independent positive correlation between insulinemia or HOMA index and arachidonic acid content in adipose tissue triacylglycerols (r = 0.47, P < 0.001) was found. An age‐dependent negative correlation was present between insulinemia or HOMA index and oleic acid content in skeletal muscle phospholipids (r = −0.30, P = 0.03 and r = −0.28, P < 0.04, respectively). Trans fatty acids content did not correlate with any marker of insulin resistance.Conclusion:Healthy children present a prepubertal increase of insulin resistance, which is significantly correlated with arachidonic acid content in adipose tissue.