bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The UV continuum slopes of early star-forming galaxies in JADES
Authors: Topping Michael W , Stark Daniel P , Endsley Ryan , Whitler Lily , Hainline Kevin , Johnson Benjamin D , Robertson Brant , Tacchella Sandro , Chen Zuyi , Alberts Stacey , Baker William M , Bunker Andrew J , Carniani Stefano , Charlot Stephane , Chevallard Jacopo , Curtis-Lake Emma , DeCoursey Christa , Egami Eiichi , Eisenstein Daniel J , Ji Zhiyuan , Maiolino Roberto , Williams Christina C , Willmer Christopher N A , Willott Chris , Witstok Joris 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The power-law slope of the rest-ultraviolet (UV) continuum (fλ ∝ λβ) is a key metric of early star-forming galaxies, providing one of our only windows into the stellar populations and physical conditions of z ≳ 10 galaxies. Expanding upon previous studies with limited sample sizes, we leverage deep imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) to investigate the UV slopes of 179 z ≳ 9 galaxies with apparent magnitudes of mF200W ≃ 26–31, which display a median UV slope of β = −2.4. We compare to a statistical sample of z ≃ 5–9 galaxies, finding a shift towards bluer rest-UV colours at all $M_{\rm UV}$. The most UV-luminous z ≳ 9 galaxies are significantly bluer than their lower redshift counterparts, representing a dearth of moderately red galaxies within the first 500 Myr. At yet earlier times, the z ≳ 11 galaxy population exhibits very blue UV slopes, implying very low impact from dust attenuation. We identify a robust sample of 44 galaxies with β ≲ −2.8, which have spectral energy distributions requiring models of density-bounded H ii regions and median ionizing photon escape fractions of 0.51 to reproduce. Their rest-optical colours imply that this sample has weaker emission lines (median mF356W − mF444W = 0.19 mag) than typical galaxies (median mF356W − mF444W = 0.39 mag), consistent with the inferred escape fractions. This sample consists of relatively low stellar masses (median $\log (M/{\rm M}_{\odot })=7.5\pm 0.2$), and specific star formation rates (sSFRs; median $=79 \, \rm Gyr^{-1}$) nearly twice that of our full galaxy sample (median sSFRs $=44 \, \rm Gyr^{-1}$), suggesting these objects are more common among systems experiencing a recent upturn in star formation. We demonstrate that the shutoff of star formation provides an alternative solution for modelling of extremely blue UV colours, making distinct predictions for the rest-optical emission of these galaxies. Future spectroscopy will be required to distinguish between these physical pictures.
The abundance of core-collapsed subhaloes in SIDM: insights from structure formation in ΛCDM
Authors: Shah Neev , Adhikari Susmita 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Dark matter haloes enter a phase of gravothermal core-collapse in the presence of self-interactions. This phase is expected to be subdominant given the long time-scales involved. However, it has been shown that collapse is accelerated in subhaloes in strong tidal environments. Cosmological simulations in ΛCDM give complete distributions of subhalo orbits and their profiles. We use these to estimate the fraction of the subhaloes in different host halo environments that are in the core-collapse phase. Our hosts range from the Large Magellanic cloud (LMC)-like hosts to clusters. We use fluid simulations of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) to evolve subhaloes in their hosts, including the effect of tidal truncation at the time of pericentre crossing. We find, for parameters that allow the interaction cross-section to be high at dwarf scales, at least $10\%$ of all subhaloes are expected to have intrinsically collapsed within Hubble time up to the group mass host scales. This fraction increases significantly, becoming at least 20% when tidal interactions are considered. To identify these objects in observations, we find that we need to measure their densities at very small radial scales, where the subhaloes show a bimodal distribution of densities or we need to measure the slopes of their inner density profiles near the scale radius, which are much steeper than NFW slopes. Current measurements of central slopes of classical dwarfs do not show preference for being completely collapsed, however they are consistent with being cored or in a phase of transition between expansion and collapse.
Overlooked shell features: asymmetrical columellar folds in volutid gastropods
Authors: Vermeij Geerat J 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Many gastropods have columellar folds, defined as continuous spiral ridges extending from the aperture to the shell interior on the adaxial side of the aperture. Despite their ubiquity, columellar folds have received little phylogenetic or functional study. In the vast majority of cases, columellar folds have a symmetrical profile, with the anterior (abapical) slope similar to the posterior (adapical) slope. Here I draw attention to the highly unusual phenomenon of asymmetry of columellar folds, where the anterior slope is markedly less inclined than the posterior slope of each fold. I have detected this condition in the volutid genera Scaphella Swainson, 1832; Cymbiola Swainson, 1831 and Lyrischapa Aldrich, 1911; as well as in the Palaeocene and Eocene genus Eovasum Douvillé, 1920. Following a review of Lyrischapa and Eovasum, I suggest that these two genera are closely related members of the volutid subfamily Indovolutinae, and that asymmetrical columellar folds have evolved three times in Volutidae. Although their function remains elusive, asymmetrical folds might prevent abapical displacement of the soft parts during rapid extension of the foot or feeding organs.
The zinc-finger protein Z4 cooperates with condensin II to regulate somatic chromosome pairing and 3D chromatin organization
Authors: Puerto Marta , Shukla Mamta , Bujosa Paula , Pérez-Roldán Juan , Torràs-Llort Mònica , Tamirisa Srividya , Carbonell Albert , Solé Carme , Puspo Joynob Akter , Cummings Christopher T , de Nadal Eulàlia , Posas Francesc , Azorín Fernando , Rowley M Jordan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Chromosome pairing constitutes an important level of genome organization, yet the mechanisms that regulate pairing in somatic cells and the impact on 3D chromatin organization are still poorly understood. Here, we address these questions in Drosophila, an organism with robust somatic pairing. In Drosophila, pairing preferentially occurs at loci consisting of numerous architectural protein binding sites (APBSs), suggesting a role of architectural proteins (APs) in pairing regulation. Amongst these, the anti-pairing function of the condensin II subunit CAP-H2 is well established. However, the factors that regulate CAP-H2 localization and action at APBSs remain largely unknown. Here, we identify two factors that control CAP-H2 occupancy at APBSs and, therefore, regulate pairing. We show that Z4, interacts with CAP-H2 and is required for its localization at APBSs. We also show that hyperosmotic cellular stress induces fast and reversible unpairing in a Z4/CAP-H2 dependent manner. Moreover, by combining the opposite effects of Z4 depletion and osmostress, we show that pairing correlates with the strength of intrachromosomal 3D interactions, such as active (A) compartment interactions, intragenic gene-loops, and polycomb (Pc)-mediated chromatin loops. Altogether, our results reveal new players in CAP-H2-mediated pairing regulation and the intimate interplay between inter-chromosomal and intra-chromosomal 3D interactions.
ARGLU1 enhances promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II and stimulates DNA damage repair
Authors: Bachus Scott , Akkerman Nikolas , Fulham Lauren , Graves Drayson , Helwer Rafe , Rempel Jordan , Pelka Peter 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Arginine and glutamate rich 1 (ARGLU1) is a poorly understood cellular protein with functions in RNA splicing and transcription. Computational prediction suggests that ARGLU1 contains intrinsically disordered regions and lacks any known structural or functional domains. We used adenovirus Early protein 1A (E1A) to probe for critical regulators of important cellular pathways and identified ARGLU1 as a significant player in transcription and the DNA damage response pathway. Transcriptional effects induced by ARGLU1 occur via enhancement of promoter-proximal RNA polymerase II pausing, likely by inhibiting the interaction between JMJD6 and BRD4. When overexpressed, ARGLU1 increases the growth rate of cancer cells, while its knockdown leads to growth arrest. Significantly, overexpression of ARGLU1 increased cancer cell resistance to genotoxic drugs and promoted DNA damage repair. These results identify new roles for ARGLU1 in cancer cell survival and the DNA damage repair pathway, with potential clinical implications for chemotherapy resistance.
APLF facilitates interstrand DNA crosslink repair and replication fork protection to confer cisplatin resistance
Authors: Wu Cheng-Kuei , Shiu Jia-Lin , Wu Chao-Liang , Hung Chi-Feng , Ho Yen-Chih , Chen Yen-Tzu , Tung Sheng-Yung , Yeh Cheng-Fa , Shen Che-Hung , Liaw Hungjiun , Su Wen-Pin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Replication stress converts the stalled forks into reversed forks, which is an important protection mechanism to prevent fork degradation and collapse into poisonous DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Paradoxically, the mechanism also acts in cancer cells to contribute to chemoresistance against various DNA-damaging agents. PARP1 binds to and is activated by stalled forks to facilitate fork reversal. Aprataxin and polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase-like factor (APLF) binds to PARP1 through the poly(ADP-ribose) zinc finger (PBZ) domain and is known to be involved in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Here, we identify a novel function of APLF involved in interstrand DNA crosslink (ICL) repair and fork protection. We demonstrate that PARP1 activity facilitates the APLF recruitment to stalled forks, enabling the FANCD2 recruitment to stalled forks. The depletion of APLF sensitizes cells to cisplatin, impairs ICL repair, reduces the FANCD2 recruitment to stalled forks, and results in nascent DNA degradation by MRE11 nucleases. Additionally, cisplatin-resistant cancer cells show high levels of APLF and homologous recombination-related gene expression. The depletion of APLF sensitizes cells to cisplatin and results in fork instability. Our results reveal the novel function of APLF to facilitate ICL repair and fork protection, thereby contributing to cisplatin-resistant phenotypes of cancer cells.
Stress guides in generic static mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Wang Aoxi , Chen Chang Qing 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The confinement of waves within a waveguide can enable directional transmission of signals, which has found wide applications in communication, imaging, and signal isolation. Extending this concept to static systems, where material deformation is piled up along a spatial trajectory, remains elusive due to the sensitivity of localized deformation to structural defects and impurities. Here, we propose a general framework to characterize localized static deformation responses in two-dimensional generic static mechanical metamaterials, by exploiting the duality between space in static systems and time in one-dimensional non-reciprocal wave systems. An internal time-reverse symmetry is developed by the space-time duality. Upon breaking this symmetry, quasi-static load-induced deformation can be guided to travel along a designated path, thereby realizing a stress guide. A combination of time-reverse and inversion symmetries discloses the parity-time symmetry inherent in static systems, which can be leveraged to achieve directional deformation shielding. The tailorable stress guides can find applications in various scenarios, ranging from stress shielding and energy harvesting in structural tasks to information processing in mechanical computing devices.
Artificial intelligence capital and employment prospects
Authors: Drydakis Nick 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
There is limited research assessing how AI knowledge affects employment prospects. The present study defines the term ‘AI capital’ as a vector of knowledge, skills, and capabilities related to AI technologies, which could boost individuals’ productivity, employment, and earnings. Subsequently, the study reports the outcomes of a genuine correspondence test in England. It was found that university graduates with AI capital, obtained through an AI business module, experienced more invitations for job interviews than graduates without AI capital. Moreover, graduates with AI capital were invited to interviews for jobs that offered higher wages than those without AI capital. Furthermore, it was found that large firms exhibited a preference for job applicants with AI capital, resulting in increased interview invitations and opportunities for higher-paying positions. The outcomes hold for both men and women. The study concludes that AI capital might be rewarded in terms of employment prospects, especially in large firms.
Single-Cell Sequencing Illuminates Thymic Development: An Updated Framework for Understanding Thymic Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Nabel Christopher S , Ackman Jeanne B , Hung Yin P , Louissaint Abner , Riely Gregory J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare tumors for which treatment options are limited. The ongoing need for improved systemic therapies reflects a limited understanding of tumor biology as well as the normal thymus. The essential role of the thymus in adaptive immunity is largely effected by its epithelial compartment, which directs thymocyte (T-cell) differentiation and immunologic self-tolerance. With aging, the thymus undergoes involution whereby epithelial tissue is replaced by adipose and other connective tissue, decreasing immature T-cell production. Against this natural drive toward involution, a fraction of thymuses will instead undergo oncologic transformation, leading to the formation of TETs, including thymoma and thymic carcinoma. The rarity of these tumors restricts investigation of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and development of rational treatment options. To this end, the development of technologies which allow deep molecular profiling of individual tumor cells permits a new window through which to view normal thymic development and contrast the malignant changes that result in oncogenic transformation. In this review, we describe the findings of recent illuminating studies on the diversity of cell types within the epithelial compartment through thymic differentiation and aging. We contextualize these findings around important unanswered questions regarding the spectrum of known somatic tumor alterations, cell of origin, and tumor heterogeneity. The perspectives informed by single-cell molecular profiling offer new approaches to clinical and basic investigation of thymic epithelial tumors, with the potential to accelerate development of improved therapeutic strategies to address ongoing unmet needs in these rare tumors.
Economic evaluation of a trial exploring the effects of a web-based support tool for parents of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Flood Chris , Hirani Shashivadan P , Mulligan Kathleen , Taylor Jo , Harris Sally , Wedderburn Lucy R , Newman Stanton P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
To explore the cost-effectiveness of a web-based support tool for parents of children with Juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Methods
A multi-centred randomized controlled trial was conducted in paediatric rheumatology centres in England. The WebParC intervention consisted of online information about JIA and its treatment and a toolkit using cognitive-behavioural therapy principles to support parents manage their child’s JIA. An economic evaluation was performed alongside the trial involving 220 parents. The primary outcome was the self-report Pediatric Inventory for Parents measure of illness-related parenting stress, with two dimensions: difficulty and frequency. These measures along with costs were assessed post intervention at 4 and 12 months. Costs were calculated for healthcare usage using a UK NHS economic perspective. Data was collected and analysed on the impact of caring costs on families. Uncertainty around cost-effectiveness was explored using bootstrapping and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves.

Results
The intervention arm showed improved average Pediatric Inventory for Parents scores for the dimensions of frequency and difficulty, of 1.5 and 3.6 respectively at 4 months and 0.35 and 0.39 at 12 months, representing improved PIP scores for the intervention arm. At both 4 and 12 month follow-up, the average total cost per case was higher in the control group when compared with the intervention arm with mean differences of £360 (95% CI £29.6 to £691) at 4 months and £203 (95% CI £16 to £390) at 12 months. The probability of the intervention being cost-effective ranged between 49% and 54%.

Conclusion
The WebParC intervention led to reductions in primary and secondary healthcare resource use and costs at 4 and 12 months. The intervention demonstrated particular savings for rheumatology services at both follow-ups. Future economies of scale could be realised by health providers with increased opportunities for cost-effectiveness over time.

Trial registration
ISRCTN, ISRCTN13159730.
Left Partisanship, Corporatism, and the Reorientation of the Knowledge Economy in Advanced Capitalist Societies
Authors: Huo Jingjing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
While the progress of the knowledge economy is inexorable, this paper argues that partisan politics and labor market institutions can affect the direction in which the knowledge economy progresses. In particular, a combination of corporatist industrial relations systems and left partisanship tends to foster greater wage restraint, and such a wage outcome tends to encourage the greater adoption of communications technology than information-processing technology in the economy. This reorientation of the knowledge economy toward communications technology, in turn, has egalitarian distributive implications. In particular, the greater adoption of communications technology reduces wage inequality across the board in lower 90–10, 50–10, as well as 90–50 wage ratios. These arguments are tested using data across 15–21 OECD countries (1970–2015).
Saskatchewan law as a solution to the problem of informal wills in European countries?
Authors: Załucki Mariusz , Surtees Doug 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article is a presentation of the possible future of the law on the testamentary formalities, particularly in countries that adhere to very strict formal requirements. The authors present the positions of doctrine to date and conclude that the Canadian legislation in the province of Saskatchewan may offer a remedy to the problem of preparation of wills in contravention of the rules in the form of wills. In their opinion, the Canadian solution is a ready-made solution for many European legislators who would like to make their succession laws more flexible. The authors propose the wording of a provision that could be incorporated into the various legislations of European countries for this purpose.
Quality of Life With Cochlear Implantation Using the CIQOL-35 at a Tertiary Urban Medical Center: Our Experience
Authors: Brooks Kaitlyn A. , Altartoor Khaled , Vivas Esther X. 
Published: March 2024

Objective
Assessment of quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes after cochlear implantation (CI) using the Cochlear Implant Quality of Life-35 questionnaire (CIQOL-35).

Study Design
Retrospective cohort.

Setting
Single-institution tertiary care center.

Patients
Patients 18 years and older who have undergone CI and CIQOL-35 survey.

Interventions
Implementing CIQOL-35 from 2019 to 2022 to measure change in QOL after CI. Statistical analysis included nonparametric, univariate, and multivariate analyses. Significance was set at 0.05.

Main Outcome Measures
Differences in QOL among CI patients in each of the CIQOL-35 domains.

Results
Ninety-three patients (40 female, 53 male) aged 20 to 93 years (median 70 years) turned in 164 QOL surveys (68 preactivation, 96 postactivation). Postactivation median QOL was 5 to 15 points higher across all domains (p < 0.001). QOL score distributions among unilateral CI only, bilateral CI, and unilateral CI with contralateral hearing aid users were not statistically different (p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified that male sex (β = −2.0; 95% confidence interval, −3.9 to −0.1) was a negative predictor for environment scores and not being married (β = 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 4.0) was a positive predictor for entertainment scores. Median follow-up time was 13 months post-CI (interquartile range [IQR], 7.1–21.5 months).

Conclusions
CI patients experienced improved QOL postactivation among all QOL domains, whereas specific CI use pattern in regard to unilateral, bilateral, or bimodal did not affect QOL. Multivariate analysis identified marital status and sex as possible QOL predictors.
The remarkable similarity in the serum proteome between type 2 diabetics and controls
Authors: Mosedale David E. , Sharp Tilly , de Graff Adam , Grainger David J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly increasing threat to global health, which brings with it a demand for better treatments. This study aimed to identify differences in the proteome of patients with T2DM to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention. We used a highly reproducible bottom-up proteomics protocol to investigate differences in protein, peptide and post-translational modifications between subjects with T2DM and matched controls in an untargeted manner. The serum proteome was remarkably similar at the protein level with no differences between the subject groups across 175 proteins and five orders of magnitude. Strong associations were found, however, between fasting serum glucose levels and glycations of abundant serum proteins, including sites on apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein A2 and α2- macroglobulin. We also investigated proteome differences associated with BMI, and found all three components of the ternary complex (IGF-binding protein complex acid-labile subunit (ALS), IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and IGF-2) were strongly negatively associated with BMI. The results show the power of a proteomics protocol optimised for precision rather than depth of coverage, which here has identified strong correlations between physiological measurements and very low abundance post-translational modifications. In T2DM any differences in the serum proteome are very small, and likely a consequence rather than a cause of hyperglycaemia.Article highlightsOur goal was to use high-precision label-free bottom-up LC-MS/MS proteomics to investigate differences in the proteome of patients with T2DM and controls, and potentially identify novel targets for future research.The serum proteome is remarkably similar in patients with T2DM and controls, with the only major difference being glycations of abundant serum proteinsAll three components of the ternary complex (comprised of ALS, IGFBP-3 and IGF-2) were strongly negatively associated with BMI.The results highlight the power of a proteomics study designed with three key features at its core: a proteomics protocol optimised for precision rather than depth of coverage; an open bioinformatics approach investigating proteins, peptides and PTMs without prior assumptions about which features are important; and analysis of individual subject samples so that results take into account person-to-person variability