bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated paraaortic lymph‐node recurrence after the curative resection of colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Min Byung Soh , Kim Nam Kyu , Sohn Seung Kook , Cho Chang Hwan , Lee Kang Young , Baik Seung Hyuk 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground and objectivesIsolated paraaortic lymph‐node recurrence (IPLR) after curative surgery for colorectal carcinoma is rare and no previous report has specifically addressed this type of recurrence. We investigated the clinical features of IPLR and analyzed prognostic factors.MethodsOf 2,916 patients who underwent curative surgery for colorectal carcinoma, IPLR was identified in 38 patients (1.3%). The clinical features and prognostic factors of these patients were analyzed.ResultsIPLR was first detected by increased serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels (63.2%) or by routine follow‐up computed tomography (CT) (36.8%). Curative resection of IPLR was performed in six patients (15.8%). A total of 19 patients (50.0%) received chemoradiation therapy and 13 patients (34.2%) received chemotherapy only. The median survival from IPLR was 13 months (range: 5–60 months). The median survival time from IPLR for the resected patients was 34 months, whereas it was 12 months for those who did not undergo resection (P = 0.034). The factors associated with the prognosis were histological grade (P = 0.003), location (P = 0.032), and resection of IPLR (P = 0.034).ConclusionsIPLR after curative surgery for colorectal carcinoma is rare. Although it is generally associated with poor prognosis, better survival might be achieved through curative resection in selected cases. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:136–140. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance of R‐N(R′)‐R′′ functionalised poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolithic sorbent for plasmid DNA adsorption
Authors: Danquah Michael K. , Ho Jenny , Forde Gareth M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHigh‐throughput plasmid DNA (pDNA) manufacture is obstructed predominantly by the performance of conventional stationary phases. For this reason, the search for new materials for fast chromatographic separation of pDNA is ongoing. A poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (GMA‐EGDMA) monolithic material was synthesised via a thermal‐free radical reaction, functionalised with different amino groups from urea, 2‐chloro‐N,N‐diethylethylamine hydrochloride (DEAE‐Cl) and ammonia in order to investigate their plasmid adsorption capacities. Physical characterisation of the monolithic polymer showed a macroporous polymer having a unimodal pore size distribution pivoted at 600 nm. Chromatographic characterisation of the functionalised polymers using pUC19 plasmid isolated from E. coli DH5α‐pUC19 showed a maximum plasmid adsorption capacity of 18.73 mg pDNA/mL with a dissociation constant (KD) of 0.11 mg/mL for GMA‐EGDMA/DEAE‐Cl polymer. Studies on ligand leaching and degradation demonstrated the stability of GMA‐EGDMA/DEAE‐Cl after the functionalised polymers were contacted with 1.0 M NaOH, which is a model reagent for most ‘cleaning in place’ (CIP) systems. However, it is the economic advantage of an adsorbent material that makes it so attractive for commercial purification purposes. Economic evaluation of the performance of the functionalised polymers on the grounds of polymer cost (PC)/mg pDNA retained endorsed the suitability of GMA‐EGDMA/DEAE‐Cl polymer.
Visible light‐induced photopolymerization of an in situ macroporous sol–gel monolith
Authors: Dulay Maria T. , Choi Han Nim , Zare Richard N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA one‐step, in situ, photopolymerization of a mixture of methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane in the presence of an acid catalyst, water, and toluene is accomplished in a 75 μm id polyimide‐coated capillary using visible light (460 nm) for a 15 min irradiation time. The mixture is a two‐component photosystem comprising Irgacure 784 photosensitizer and diphenyliodonium chloride photoinitiator. The visible photopolymerized sol–gel (vis‐PSG) column shows RP chromatographic behavior. The analytical potential of these columns is demonstrated with the isocratic separation of small, neutral alkyl phenyl ketones. Operational parameters, such as mobile phase composition, field strength, and column temperature were varied to assess how they affect the separation performance of the monolith.
Alkylated poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene) monolithic columns for μ‐HPLC and CEC separation of phenolic acids
Authors: Kučerová Zdenka , Szumski Michal , Buszewski Boguslaw , Jandera Pavel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMacroporous poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene) monolithic columns were prepared in fused silica capillaries of 100 μm id by in‐situ copolymerization of styrene with divinylbenzene in the presence of propan‐1‐ol and formamide as the porogen system. The monoliths were subsequently alkylated with linear alkyl C‐18 groups via Friedel‐Crafts reaction to improve the retention and chromatographic resolution of strongly polar phenolic acids. A new thermally initiated grafting procedure was developed in order to shorten the time of the alkylation process. The grafting procedure was optimized with respect to the reaction temperature, time, the grafting reactant concentration, and the solvent used. The type of solvent and the grafting temperature are the most significant factors affecting the hydrodynamic properties, porosity, and efficiency of the columns. While the equivalent particle diameter of the grafted column increased, the capillary‐like flow‐through pore diameter decreased in comparison to non‐alkylated monoliths. The hydrodynamic permeability of the monolith decreased, but the monolithic column still permitted fast μ‐HPLC separations.
Cyclopamine treatment of full‐blown Hh/Ptch‐associated RMS partially inhibits Hh/Ptch signaling, but not tumor growth
Authors: Ecke Ines , Rosenberger Albert , Obenauer Silvia , Dullin Christian , Aberger Fritz , Kimmina Sarah , Schweyer Stefan , Hahn Heidi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMutations in the Hedgehog (Hh) receptor Patched (Ptch) are responsible for a variety of tumors, which show ligand‐independent stimulation of the Hh/Ptch signaling cascade. Cyclopamine is an alkaloid of the corn lily Veratrum californicum, which blocks activity of the pathway by inhibition of Smoothened (Smo), the signal transduction partner of Ptch. This results in growth inhibition of Hh/Ptch‐dependent tumor cells in vitro, of subcutaneous xenografts as well as of precancerous lesions in Ptch+/− mice. However, the evidence that treatment with cyclopamine is an effective anti‐cancer therapy against full‐blown tumors is sparse. Here, we have investigated the responsiveness of full‐blown Hh/Ptch‐associated rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) to this drug. Hh pathway activity and proliferation of cultured primary RMS cells was inhibited by cyclopamine. Hh signaling was also partially suppressed by the drug in RMS in vivo, but cyclopamine treatment did not result in stable disease or tumor regression. It also did not affect proliferation, apoptosis or the differentiation status of RMS. This was in contrast to anti‐proliferative effects on tumor growth caused by doxorubicin, an anthracycline routinely used in therapy of human RMS. In summary, our data indicate that there must be additional factors that render full‐blown Hh/Ptch‐associated RMS insensitive against anti‐proliferative effects of cyclopamine in vivo. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antipsychotic polypharmacy at the University Psychiatric Hospital in Serbia
Authors: Divac Nevena , Jašović‐Gašić Miroslava , Samardžić Ranka , Lačković Maja , Prostran Milica 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe aim of the study was to analyse the prevalence of polypharmacy with antipsychotic drugs and analyse types of coprescribing episodes at the University Psychiatric Hospital in Serbia.A sample of 120 patients (198 hospitalisations) was analysed. The prevalence of polypharmacy was calculated as the proportion of patients receiving two or more antipsychotic drugs concomitantly for at least 28 days. Total daily antipsychotic drug load was calculated as the number of defined daily doses (DDDs) of drugs per patient per day. It was compared between patients receiving monotherapy and patients receiving polypharmacy. Statistics was performed using standard statistical methods.Monotherapy was prescribed during 32.3% hospitalisations (n = 64), while polypharmacy was noted in 67.7% (n = 134). Polypharmacy with two drugs was observed during 126 (63.6%) hospitalisations and three antipsychotics were prescribed concomitantly during 8 (4.1%) hospitalisations. Patients' characteristics were not significantly different between patients who received only monotherapy and patients receiving polypharmacy. Patients on monotherapy had significantly more prior hospitalisations than patients from the other group (t = 3.94, df = 119, p < 0.001).The prevalence of polypharmacy patient episodes (67.7%) is approximately 100% higher than the prevalence observed in developed European countries. The explanation of such prescribing habit of Serbian psychiatrists requires further investigation. The only distinguishing factor between patients receiving monotherapy and patients receiving polypharmacy is the number of prior hospitalisations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ein Lichtkarussell für kalte Atome
Authors: Franke‐Arnold Sonja 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSeit längerem ist es möglich, Atome in Lichtgittern einzusperren. Unserer Gruppe an der Universität Glasgow ist es gelungen, ringförmige Lichtgitter zu erzeugen, die sich drehen. Ziel ist es, Bose‐Einstein Kondensate in diesen rotierenden Gittern einzufangen und zu untersuchen. Die Anzahl der Gitterplätze, die Rotationsgeschwindigkeit und die Potentialbarrieren zwischen den einzelnen Gitterplätzen lassen sich einfach variieren.
A Mg2+‐induced conformational switch rendering a competent DNA polymerase catalytic complex
Authors: Mendieta Jesús , Cases‐González Clara E. , Matamoros Tania , Ramírez Galo , Menéndez‐Arias Luis 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe structural and dynamical changes occurring before nucleotide addition were studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) reverse transcriptase (RT) complexes containing one or two Mg2+ ions in the presence of dNTP. Our models revealed that the formation of a catalytically competent DNA polymerase complex required subtle rearrangements at the catalytic site A, which occurred only when an Mg2+ ion was bound. This model has been validated using pre‐steady‐state kinetics to show that free Mg2+ is necessary to obtain a catalytically competent polymerase. Kinetic studies carried out with Be2+ as a cofactor permitted the functional discrimination between metal sites A and B. At low concentrations, Be2+ increased the catalytic efficiency of the polymerase, while at higher concentrations, it competed with Mg2+ for binding to site A, and inhibited DNA polymerization. In agreement with experimental data, MD simulations revealed that the catalytic attack distance between the 3′‐OH of the primer and the α phosphorus in complexes containing Be2+ instead of Mg2+ at site A was above 4.5 Å. Our findings provide a detailed description of the mechanism of DNA polymerization and should be helpful to understand the molecular basis of DNA replication fidelity. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Daily stress and pain sensitivity in chronic tension‐type headache sufferers
Authors: Cathcart Stuart , Pritchard Donald 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe aim was to examine interactions between daily stress, pain sensitivity, and headache activity in Chronic Tension‐Type Headache sufferers. We measured daily hassles, pericranial muscle tenderness, pressure pain threshold at finger, headache history (years of headache) and prospective headache activity (in a two‐week clinical diary), in headache sufferers and healthy Controls. Headache sufferers had increased daily hassles scores, increased muscle tenderness, and decreased pain threshold compared to Controls. Daily hassles were correlated with increased muscle tenderness and reduced pain threshold in the CTH group. In regression analyses, daily hassles predicted muscle tenderness when accounting for headache history, headache severity and pain threshold. Muscle tenderness and daily hassles predicted headache severity when accounting for headache history and pain threshold. Muscle tenderness predicted pain threshold when accounting for headache history, headache severity and daily hassles. The results indicate daily stress is related to increased pain sensitivity and headache activity in Chronic Tension‐Type Headache sufferers, accounting for significant variance in these factors additional to that accounted for by clinical factors (headache history and severity). Although only correlational, the results support the proposition that daily stress affects Chronic Tension‐Type Headache through hyperalgesic effects on already sensitized pain pathways in headache sufferers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An extensible and lightweight architecture for adaptive server applications
Authors: Gorton Ian , Liu Yan , Trivedi Nihar 
Published: October 2007

AbstractServer applications augmented with behavioral adaptation logic can react to environmental changes, creating self‐managing server applications with improved quality of service at runtime. However, developing adaptive server applications is challenging due to the complexity of the underlying server technologies and highly dynamic application environments. This paper presents an architecture framework, the Adaptive Server Framework (ASF), to facilitate the development of adaptive behavior for legacy server applications. ASF provides a clear separation between the implementation of adaptive behavior and the business logic of the server application. This means a server application can be extended with programmable adaptive features through the definition and implementation of control components defined in ASF. Furthermore, ASF is a lightweight architecture in that it incurs low CPU overhead and memory usage. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ASF through a case study, in which a server application dynamically determines the resolution and quality to scale an image based on the load of the server and network connection speed. The experimental evaluation demonstrates the performance gains possible by adaptive behavior and the low overhead introduced by ASF. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface and Biological Activity of Some Novel Cationic Surfactants
Authors: Badawi A. M. , Mekawi M. A. , Mohamed A. S. , Mohamed M. Z. , Khowdairy M. M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this study, steps were taken toward the development of bactericidal and fungicidal synthetic cationic surfactants by reacting decyl, dodecyl or tetradecyl amine with acetic or hydrochloric acid to produce a series of amine salts which consequently converted to copper or cobalt cationic complexes via complexing the first series compounds with copper (II) or cobalt (II) ions. Surface properties such as interfacial tension and emulsifying power of these surfactants were investigated. The surface parameters including critical micelle concentration (CMC), maximum surface excess (Γmax) and minimum surface area (Amin) were studied. Free energy of micellization (ΔG°mic) and adsorption (ΔG°ads) were calculated. The antimicrobial activity was determined via the inhibition zone diameter of the prepared compounds, which measured against five strains of a representative group of microorganisms. FTIR spectra, elemental analysis and H1 NMR spectrum were performed to confirm compound structure and purity.
Sonographic findings in women with complications after hysterectomy
Authors: Seffah J.D. , Adanu Richard M.K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo study the role of abdominal ultrasound in the management of complications after emergency or elective hysterectomy.MethodologyThe study compared 102 women who had complications after emergency peripartum hysterectomy (study group) with 102 women who had complications after elective hysterectomy for fibroids (control group).ResultsThe study group had a lower mean age (31.1 ± 2.1 vs 40.1 ± 3.4 years) but higher parity (3.0 ± 1.3 vs 2.0 ± 1.2) compared with the control group. The primary complication in the study group was abdominal mass or distension (55.9%) compared with chronic abdominal pain (49.0%) in the control group. The leading sonographic abnormality in the study group was pelvic abscess (9.8%) while hydrosalpinx (6.9%) was more common in the control group. There was no statistical difference in the findings between the groups. Management of complications included ovarian cystectomy and drainage of pelvic abscesses.ConclusionUltrasound facilitates accurate diagnosis of complications after hysterectomy and enhances management.
Cervical priming with misoprostol prior to transcervical procedures
Authors: Fiala C. , Gemzell‐Danielsson K. , Tang O.S. , von Hertzen H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCervical priming with misoprostol has shown to facilitate transcervical procedures and to reduce side‐effects. Cervical priming is recommended by several evidence‐based guidelines prior to surgical abortion, dilatation and curettage, hysteroscopy and intrauterine device insertion. It is effective in pregnant as well as in non‐pregnant women while the results in post‐menopausal women are conflicting. Misoprostol is the best suited prostaglandin for a number of reasons: it has a short half‐life, few side effects, it is stable at room temperature, it is relatively cheap and the dosage can easily be adjusted according to the clinical need. Various doses, routes, and time intervals between misoprostol application and the intervention have been evaluated. A single dose of 400 μg given sublingually or vaginally 3h before the intervention has given the best efficacy with the least side effects. Higher doses or longer intervals do not improve the effect on the cervix. Pain is a frequent side effect, but usually responds well to NSAIDs. Other side effects are rare.
Misoprostol for intrauterine fetal death
Authors: Gómez Ponce de León R. , Wing D. , Fiala C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe frequency of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) with retained fetus varies, but is estimated to occur in 1% of all pregnancies. The vast majority of women will spontaneously labor and deliver within three weeks of the intrauterine death. The complexity in medical management increases significantly when the cervix is unripe or unfavorable, or when the woman develops disseminated intravascular coagulation. Misoprostol regimens for the induction of labor for second and third trimester IUFDs, range from 50 to 400 μg every 3 to 12 h, and are all clinically effective. Nevertheless, the current scientific evidence supports vaginal misoprostol dosages, which are adjusted to gestational age: between 13–17 weeks, 200 μg 6‐hourly; between 18–26 weeks, 100 μg 6‐hourly; and more than 27 weeks, 25–50 μg 4‐hourly. In women with a previous cesarean, lower doses should be used and doubling of doses should not occur. Clinical monitoring should continue after delivery or expulsion because of the risk of postpartum atony and/or placenta retention.
Cracks in the ‘Mightiest Fortress’: Jamaat-e-Islami's Changing Discourse on Women
Authors: AHMAD IRFAN 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIslamists' ideas about the position of women are readily invoked to portray them as ‘anti-modern’. The operating assumption is that Islamism (mutatis mutandis Islam) sanctions gender hierarchy. In this paper, drawing on ethnographic research and written sources of the Jamaat-e-Islami of India, founded in 1941, I question such assumptions. While defending Islam against the ‘epidemic’ of westernization, Maududi (b. 1903), the Jamaat's founder, called women ‘the mightiest fortress of Islamic culture’. Invoking the Quran and Prophetic traditions, he argued that women should not step outside of the home, and must veil themselves from head to toe. He stood against any political role for women. For decades, Maududi's interpretation went uncontested. However, from the 1970s onwards many members of the Jamaat began to critique Maududi and offered an alternative reading of Islam. They argued that women could indeed leave the home, assume key economic and political roles, unveil their faces, as well as act in films. By highlighting such voices and analysing the sociological coordinates of the contestations within the Jamaat, I underscore the transformation in the Jamaat's discourse. I conclude by discussing whether the critiques of Maududi by his own followers inaugurate an alternative discourse of Islamic feminism.
Evaluation of an in vitro and in vivo model for experimental infection with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and L. (V.) peruviana
Authors: GAMBOA D. , TORRES K. , DONCKER S. DE , ZIMIC M. , AREVALO J. , DUJARDIN J.-C. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYLeishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and L. (V.) peruviana are two parasite species characterized by a very different pathogenicity in humans despite a high genetic similarity. We hypothesized previously that L. (V.) peruviana would descend from L. (V.) braziliensis and would have acquired its ‘peruviana’ character during the southward colonization and adaptation of the transmission cycle in the Peruvian Andes. In order to have a first appreciation of the differences in virulence between both species, we evaluated an in vitro and in vivo model for experimental infection. A procedure was adapted to enrich culture forms in infective stages and the purified metacyclics were used to infect macrophage cell lines and golden hamsters. The models were tested with 2 representative strains of L. (V.) braziliensis from cutaneous and mucosal origin respectively and 2 representative strains of L. (V.) peruviana from Northern and Southern Peru respectively. Our models were reproducible and sensitive enough to detect phenotypic differences among strains. We showed in vitro as well as in vivo that the L. (V.) braziliensis was more infective than L. (V.) peruviana. Furthermore, we found that in vitro infectivity patterns of the 4 strains analysed, were in agreement with the geographical structuring of parasite populations demonstrated in our previous studies. Further work is needed to confirm our results with more strains of different geographical origin and their specific clinical outcome. However, our data open new perspectives for understanding the process of speciation in Leishmania and its implications in terms of pathogenicity.
Political Prophecy in Contemporary American Literature: The Left-Conservative Vision of Norman Mailer
Authors: Zirakzadeh Cyrus Ernesto 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPopular and prize-winning writer Norman Mailer has advanced a view of American politics and society that he calls “left conservatism.” This paper analyzes elements of Mailer's critique and describes how the parts fit together. Special attention is given to his interpretation of economic history and social psychology, his vision of moral health that he associates with the term “hipster,” and his fear of a new political mentality in the United States that he conveys through a neologism, the “wad.” The paper closes with a sketch of the ways Mailer's left conservatism both dovetails with and departs from the concerns and arguments of other contemporary American conservative thinkers.