bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: A misleading model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sriram Subramaniam , Steiner Israel 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDespite many years of intensive research, multiple sclerosis (MS) defies understanding and treatment remains suboptimal. The prevailing hypothesis is that MS is immune mediated and that experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a suitable model to elucidate pathogenesis and devise therapy. This review examines critically the validity that EAE is an adequate and useful animal model of MS and finds credible evidence lacking. EAE represents more a model of acute central nervous system inflammation than the counterpart of MS. We propose to reconsider the utilization of EAE, especially when this model is used to define therapy. This will also force us to examine MS without the restraints imposed by EAE, as to what it is, rather than what it looks like. Ann Neurol 2005;58:939–945
Monensin A methyl ester complexes with Li+, Na+, and K+ cations studied by ESI‐MS, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, FTIR, as well as PM5 semiempirical method
Authors: Huczyński Adam , Przybylski Piotr , Brzezinski Bogumil , Bartl Franz 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMonensin A methyl ester (MON1) was synthesized by a new method and its ability to form complexes with Li+, Na+, and K+ cations was studied by electrospray ionization–mass spectroscopy (ESI‐MS), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and PM5 semiempirical methods. It is shown that MON1 with monovalent metal cations forms stable complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry. The structures of the complexes are stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds in which the OH groups are always involved. In the structure of MON1, the oxygen atom of the CO ester group is involved in very weak bifurcated intramolecular hydrogen bonds with two hydroxyl groups, whereas in the complexes of MON1 with monovalent metal cations the CO ester group is not engaged in any intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the strongest intramolecular hydrogen bonds are formed within the MON1–Li+ complex structure. The structures of the MON1 and its complexes with Li+, Na+, and K+ cations are visualized and discussed in detail. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 81: 282–294, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
NMR conformational analysis of proadrenomedullin N‐terminal 20 peptide, a proangiogenic factor involved in tumor growth
Authors: Lucyk S. , Taha H. , Yamamoto H. , Miskolzie M. , Kotovych G. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe preferred conformation of Proadrenomedullin N‐Terminal 20 Peptide (PAMP; ARLDVASEFRKKWNKWALSR‐amide) has been determined using 1H and 13C two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular modeling. PAMP is a peptide that has various physiological functions, including its role as a proangiogenic factor in facilitating tumor growth and its inhibitory effect on catecholamine secretion at nicotinic receptors. The preferred conformation of PAMP was determined in a helix‐inducing trifluoroethanol and water (TFE/H2O) solution, and in a membrane‐mimetic sodium dodecylsulfate‐d25 (SDS) micellar solution. The secondary structure consists of an α‐helix for residues Arg2 to Arg20 in TFE/H2O solution and an α‐helix for residues Arg2 to Ala17 in SDS solution. We postulate that the polar charged residues Arg2, Lys12, and Arg20 are responsible for the initial interaction of the peptide with the micelle, and that this is followed by the binding of the hydrophobic residues Leu3, Val5, Phe9, Trp13, and Trp16 to the micellar core. The three C‐terminal amino acid residues adopt an extended structure in SDS, suggesting that they are important in receptor recognition and binding. This is supported by truncation studies done by Mahata et al. (Hypertension, 1998, Vol. 32, pp. 907–916), which show the importance of the C‐terminal in physiological activity. Furthermore, Belloni et al. (Hypertension, 1999, Vol. 33, pp. 1185–1189), and Martinez et al. (Cancer Research, 2004, Vol. 64, pp. 6489–6494) suggested that the N‐terminal was also important in PAMP activity. However, no differences in conformational preference of the N‐terminal were observed between the two solvent systems. © 2005Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 81: 295–308, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Characterization of the acidic and basic limbs of a bell‐shaped pH profile in the inhibitory activity of bromelain inhibitor VI
Authors: Hatano Ken‐ichi , Sawano Yoriko , Miyakawa Takuya , Tanokura Masaru 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBromelain inhibitor VI (BI‐VI) is a cysteine proteinase inhibitor from pineapple stem and a unique two‐chain inhibitor composed of two distinct domains. BI‐VI's inhibitory activity toward the target enzyme bromelain is maximal at pH 4 and shows a bell‐shaped pH profile with pKa values of about 2.5 and 5.3. This pH profile is quite different from that of bromelain, which is optimally active around pH 7. In the present article, to characterize the acidic limb, we first expressed the recombinant inhibitors designed to lose two putative hydrogen bonds of Ser7(NH)–Asp28(β‐CO2H) and Lys38(NH)–Asp51(β‐CO2H) and confirmed the existence of the hydrogen bonds by two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Moreover, it was revealed that these hydrogen bonds are not the essential electrostatic factor and some ionizable groups would be responsible for the acidic limb in the pH‐inhibition profile. On the other hand, to characterize the basic limb, we examined the pH‐dependent inhibition using the cysteine proteinase papain, some of whose properties differ from those of bromelain, and compared the data with the corresponding data for bromelain. The result suggests that the basic limb would be affected by some electrostatic factors, probably some carboxyl groups in the target proteinase. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 81: 309–319, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Seroprevalence study of Tick‐borne encephalitis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Dengue and Toscana virus in Turin Province
Authors: Pugliese Agostino , Beltramo Tiziana , Torre Donato 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTick borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is present in some European countries and it is transmitted by a tick bite. Ixodes ricinus is the main vector of the infection in Italy, where fortunately clinical neurological manifestations, typical of the more serious phase of the disease, are very rarely observed. This behaviour is different from other endemic Euroasiatic areas where numerous cases of encephalitis are described. However TBE transmission has not been widely investigated in Italy and available epidemiological data have been obtained only by studies performed in Central and Northern Regions of the country. In addition seroepidemiological researches were made prevalently on subjects at high risk of tick bite, such as hunters or forest guards from Trentin and Central Italy. No precise information about TBE virus diffusion was available in the Piedmont before our investigations. We found that hunters and wild boar breeders seem to be particularly exposed to the risk of TBE virus infection in Turin Province and in particular in the Susa valley, although no neurological involvement was observed in our population. In particular a seroprevalence of about 5% was detected by the use of purified antigens ELISA test, amongst the subjects at high risk of tick bite. Moreover low risk individuals showed a seroprevalence of below 2%. In addition a parallel seroepidemiological study was performed in Turin Province for Borrelia burgdorferi, the aetiological agent of Lyme disease, also transmitted by tick bite (e.g. Ixodes ricinus), for Dengue and Toscana (TOS) arboviruses, respectively transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and phlebotomes. Data reported here demonstrate only a sporadic presence in our population of antibodies against Borrelia and Dengue infection. Moreover using an ELISA test performed with viral purified nucleoprotein, we reported a total percentage of about 3% of subjects positive for TOSV. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hollow Silica Spheres with an Ordered Pore Structure and Their Application in Controlled Release Studies
Authors: Botterhuis Nicole E. , Sun Qianyao , Magusin Pieter C. M. M. , van Santen Rutger A. , Sommerdijk Nico A. J. M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractHerein we report the synthesis and characterization of hollow silica spheres with a narrow size distribution, uniform wall thickness, and a worm‐like pore structure. The formation of these spheres was monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy and dynamic light scattering. A model for the molecular build‐up of these silica hollow spheres is derived from these data in combination with studies of the as‐made particles by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, pore size analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance. We further demonstrate that these spheres can be used for the encapsulation and subsequent release of different dye molecules.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Annulated Dinuclear and Trinuclear Phthalocyanines
Authors: Makarov Sergey , Litwinski Christian , Ermilov Eugeny A. , Suvorova Olga , Röder Beate , Wöhrle Dieter 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMetal‐free mononuclear, dinuclear and trinuclear phthalocyanines were prepared by a mixed cyclotetramerisation of a 1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene derivative and 4,5‐bis(2,6‐dimethylphenoxy)phthalonitrile. For the first time, a π‐electron‐conjugated trinuclear phthalocyanine was synthesised with phthalocyanine units connected by common annulated benzene rings. The Q band of the trinuclear compound in solution occurs at λ=944 nm whereas those of the dinuclear and mononuclear compounds are at λ=853/830 and 701/664 nm, respectively. Fluorescence quantum yields, fluorescence lifetimes and singlet‐oxygen quantum yields of the compounds were determined.
Phospholipase Cleavage of D‐ and L‐chiro‐Glycosylphosphoinositides Asymmetrically Incorporated into Liposomal Membranes
Authors: Bonilla Julia B. , Cid M. Belén , Contreras F.‐Xabier , Goñi Félix M. , Martín‐Lomas Manuel 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe nature of chiro‐inositol‐containing inositolphosphoglycans (IPGs), reported to be putative insulin mediators, was studied by examination of the substrate specificities of the phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C (PI‐PLC) and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase D (GPI‐PLD) by using a series of synthetic D‐ and L‐chiro‐glycosylphosphoinositides. 3‐O‐α‐D‐Glucosaminyl‐ (3) and ‐galactosaminyl‐2‐phosphatidyl‐L‐chiro‐inositol (4), which show the maximum stereochemical similarity to the 6‐O‐α‐D‐glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol pseudodisaccharide motifs of GPI anchors, were synthesized and asymmetrically incorporated into phospholipid bilayers in the form of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). Similarly, 2‐O‐α‐D‐glucosaminyl‐ (5) and ‐galactosaminyl‐1‐phosphatidyl‐D‐chiro‐inositol (6), which differ from the corresponding pseudodisaccharide motif of the GPI anchors only in the axial orientation of the phosphatidyl moiety, were also synthesized and asymmetrically inserted into LUVs. The cleavage of these synthetic molecules in the liposomal constructs by PI‐PLC from Bacillus cereus and by GPI‐PLD from bovine serum was studied with the use of 6‐O‐α‐D‐glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol (7) and the conserved GPI anchor structure (8) as positive controls. Although PI‐PLC cleaved 3 and 4 with about the same efficiency as 7 and 8, this enzyme did not accept 5 or 6. GPI‐PLD accepted both the L‐chiro‐ (3 and 4) and the D‐chiro‐ (5 and 6) glycosylinositolphosphoinositides. Therefore, IPGs containing L‐chiro‐inositol only are expected to be released from chiro‐inositol‐containing GPIs if the cleavage is effected by a PI‐PLC, whereas GPI‐PLD cleavage could result in both L‐chiro‐ and D‐chiro‐inositol‐containing IPGs.
A Simple and Efficient Approach to 1,3‐Polyols: Application to the Synthesis of Cryptocarya Diacetate
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Gupta Priti , Naidu S. Vasudeva 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA highly enantio‐ and stereoselective synthetic strategy for both syn‐ and anti‐1,3‐polyols has been developed. The sequence involves iterative Jacobsen's hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR), diastereoselective iodine‐induced electrophilic cyclization, and ring‐closing metathesis (RCM). This protocol has subsequently been utilized for the synthesis of cryptocarya diacetate, a natural product with broad range of biological activity.
One‐Armed Artificial Receptors for the Binding of Polar Tetrapeptides in Water: Probing the Substrate Selectivity of a Combinatorial Receptor Library
Authors: Schmuck Carsten , Heil Martin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe have recently developed a new class of one‐armed artificial receptors 1 for the binding of the polar tetrapeptide N‐Ac‐D‐Glu‐L‐Lys‐D‐Ala‐D‐Ala‐OH (EKAA) 2 in water using a combined combinatorial and statistical approach. We have now further probed the substrate selectivity of this receptor library 1 by screening a second tetrapeptide substrate (3) with the inverse sequence N‐Ac‐D‐Ala‐D‐Ala‐L‐Lys‐D‐Glu‐OH (AAKE). This “inverse” substrate is also efficiently bound by our receptors, with Kass ≈6000 m−1 for the best receptors, as determined both by a quantitative on‐bead binding assay and by UV and fluorescence titration studies in free solution. Hence, the inverse tetrapeptide 3 is in general bound two to three times less efficiently than the “normal” peptide 2 (Kass ≈17 000 m−1), even though the complexation mainly involves long‐range electrostatic interactions and both the receptor and substrate are rather flexible. Molecular modeling and ab initio calculations have been used to rationalize the observed substrate selectivity and to analyze the various binding interactions within the complex.
Proteo‐Dendrimers Designed for Complementary Recognition of Cytochrome c: Dendrimer Architecture toward Nanoscale Protein Complexation
Authors: Paul Dharam , Miyake Hiroyuki , Shinoda Satoshi , Tsukube Hiroshi 
Published: November 2005

Abstract“Proteo‐dendrimers” in which polyanionic hepta(glutamic acids), fluorescent zinc porphyrinate cores, hydrophilic polyether surfaces, and nonpeptide hydrophobic dendrons are combined, were developed as a new series of synthetic receptors for protein recognition. They have polyanionic “patch” structures on their surfaces and undergo complementary electrostatic interactions with a positively charged cytochrome c patch, as observed in biological protein–protein recognition systems. Stability constants of the resulting supramolecular complexes were determined in phosphate buffer (pH 7) by monitoring the fluorescence quenching of the zinc porphyrinates. These proteo‐dendrimer receptors exhibited higher affinities with cytochrome c proteins in aqueous solutions than with biological cytochrome b5. Furthermore, they effectively blocked complexation of biological cytochrome b5 with cytochrome c, indicating that the proteo‐dendrimers and cytochrome b5 similarly occupy the polycationic patch of cytochrome c.
Phase II study of high‐dose chemotherapy before radiation in children with newly diagnosed high‐grade astrocytoma
Authors: MacDonald Tobey J. , Arenson Edward B. , Ater Joann , Sposto Richard , Bevan Herbert E. , Bruner Janet , Deutsch Melvin , Kurczynski Elizabeth , Luerssen Thomas , McGuire‐Cullen Patricia , O'Brien Richard , Shah Narayan , Steinbok Paul , Strain John , Thomson John , Holmes Emi , Vezina Gilbert , Yates Allan , Phillips Peter , Packer Roger 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh‐grade astrocytomas (HGA) carry a dismal prognosis and compose nearly 20% of all childhood brain tumors. The role of high‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) in the treatment of HGA remains unclear.METHODSIn a nationwide study, The Children's Cancer Group (CCG) prospectively evaluated 102 children with HGA and postoperative residual disease for efficacy and toxicity of four courses of HDCT before radiotherapy (RT). Patients were randomly assigned to one of three couplets of drugs: carboplatin/etoposide (Regimen A), ifosfamide/etoposide (Regimen B), or cyclophosphamide/etoposide (Regimen C). After HDCT, all patients were to receive local RT followed by lomustine and vincristine. Twenty‐six patients were excluded after central neuroradiographic review (n = 8) or pathology review (n = 18).RESULTSOf 76 evaluable patients (median age, 11.95 yrs; range, 3–20 yrs), 30 patients relapsed during HDCT, and 11 others did not complete HDCT because of toxicity. Nonhematologic serious toxicities were common (29%), and 21% of patients did not receive RT. Objective response rates were not associated with amount of residual disease and did not statistically differ between regimens: 27% (Regimen A), 8% (Regimen B), and 29% (Regimen C). Overall survival (OS) was 24% ± 5% at 5 years and did not differ between groups. Median time to an event was longest for Regimen A (283 days compared with 83 and 91 days for Regimens B and C, respectively). The five‐year, event‐free survival (EFS) rate for all patients was 8% ± 3% and 14% ± 7% for Regimen A (P = 0.07).CONCLUSIONSOS and EFS were not affected by histologic grade. Patients who responded to HDCT had a nominally higher survival rate (P = 0.03 for trend). The authors conclude that these commonly used HDCT regimens provide no additional clinical benefit to conventional treatment in HGA, regardless of the amount of measurable residual tumor. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Successes and failures of the teachable moment
Authors: Gritz Ellen R. , Fingeret Michelle Cororve , Vidrine Damon J. , Lazev Amy B. , Mehta Netri V. , Reece Gregory P. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDSuccessful cancer treatment can be significantly compromised by continued tobacco use. Because motivation and interest in smoking cessation increase after cancer diagnosis, a window of opportunity exists during which healthcare providers can intervene and assist in the quitting process.METHODSThe authors conducted a comprehensive literature review to discuss 1) the benefits of smoking cessation in cancer patients, 2) current knowledge regarding smoking cessation interventions targeted to cancer patients, and 3) treatment models and state‐of the‐art guidelines for intervention with cancer patients who smoke. The authors present clinical cases to illustrate the challenging nature of smoking cessation treatment for cancer patients.RESULTSContinued smoking after cancer diagnosis has substantial adverse effects on treatment effectiveness, overall survival, risk of second primary malignancies, and quality of life. Although some encouraging results have been demonstrated with smoking cessation interventions targeted to cancer patients, few empirical studies of such interventions have been conducted. A range of intervention components and state‐of‐the‐art cessation guidelines are available that can be readily applied to cancer patients. Case illustrations highlight the crucial role of healthcare providers in promoting smoking cessation, the harmful impact of nicotine addiction manifested in delayed and failed reconstructive procedures, and unique problems encountered in treating patients who have particular difficulty quitting.CONCLUSIONSDespite the importance of stopping smoking for all cancer patients, the diagnosis of cancer is underused as a teachable moment for smoking cessation. More research is needed to empirically test cessation interventions for cancer patients, and attention must be given to complex and unique issues when tailoring cessation treatment to these individuals. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Electrodeposition of Metals and Semiconductors in Air‐ and Water‐Stable Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zein El Abedin Sherif , Endres Frank 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn addition to their stability, the advantages of air‐ and water‐stable ionic liquids over chloroaluminate ionic liquids, which were intensively investigated in the past, are that they are easy to dry, purify, and handle. Moreover, some of these ionic liquids have an extremely large electrochemical window of more than 5 V, and hence they give access to the electrodeposition of many metals and semiconductors, such as Ta, Ti, Si, and Ge. The results to date for the electrodeposition of metals and semiconductors in the most popular air‐ and water‐stable ionic liquids are presented.
Plasma fatty acids and lipoproteins in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Lapolla Annunziata , Sartore Giovanni , della Rovere Giovanni Roselli , Romanato Giovanna , Zambon Sabina , Marin Raffaella , Manzato Enzo , Fedele Domenico 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe dyslipidemia of type 2 diabetic patients is characterized by high VLDL, abnormal LDL composition and low HDL cholesterol concentrations. The aim of this study was to establish whether the type of dietary fats affects LDL size and density and HDL cholesterol concentrations in these patients.MethodsPlasma phospholipid fatty acid composition, which reflects the type of dietary fatty acids, was quantified by gas chromatography. LDL relative flotation (LDL‐Rf), a measure of LDL particle size and density, was determined by single vertical spin density gradient ultracentrifugation in 97 type 2 diabetic patients.ResultsBy linear regression analysis of the data, plasma fatty acids were associated neither with LDL‐cholesterol levels nor with LDL‐Rf. The HDL cholesterol concentrations were negatively related with saturated fatty acids (r = −0.23; p = 0.02) but positively related with monounsaturated fatty acids (r = +0.20; p = 0.00). Furthermore, higher HDL concentrations were associated with large and buoyant LDL particles (HDL cholesterol vs LDL‐Rf: r = +0.47; p = 0.00). In the multiple regression analysis, the LDL‐Rf was significantly related both to triglycerides (β coefficient = −0.55, p = 0.000) and HDL cholesterol (β coefficient = 0.19, p = 0.034) concentrations. In a stepwise regression analysis including both triglycerides and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides alone explained the 43.0% of the LDL‐Rf variability.ConclusionsA reduction of the dietary saturated fats and an increment of monounsaturated fats might increase HDL cholesterol concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients. Modifications of LDL composition might be expected from interventions aimed to reduce plasma triglycerides. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of feedforward and feedback consistency on reading and spelling in dyslexia
Authors: Davies Robert A. I. , Weekes Brendan S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe investigated the effects of rime consistency on reading and spelling among dyslexic children and a group of matched reading age skilled readers by manipulating consistency of orthography‐to‐phonology (OP) mappings and consistency of mappings from phonology‐to‐orthography (PO). For both dyslexic and control children we found feedforward consistency effects on reading (O‐>P) and spelling (P‐>O) and feedback (O‐>P) consistency effects on spelling. Dyslexic children demonstrated feedback (PO) consistency effects in reading but control children did not. Our results challenge accounts of reading and spelling in dyslexia that assume feedforward consistency effects alone. We consider the implications of these results in relation to theories in which children may assess candidate responses for goodness of fit to prior expectations. We discuss the wider implications of our results for the assessment and remediation of dyslexia. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.