bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Serologic Markers of Periodontal Infection and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Fisher Monica A. , Taylor George W. , Papapanou Panos N. , Rahman Mahboob , Debanne Sara M. 
Published: September 2008

Background: Chronic kidney disease and its concomitant sequelae represent a major public health problem. Recent data suggest periodontal infection contributes to chronic kidney disease.Methods: This United States population–based study of 4,053 adults ≥40 years of age investigated the association between chronic kidney disease and clinical measures and serologic markers of periodontal infection. Chronic kidney disease was defined as moderate‐to‐severe reduction of kidney function with glomerular filtration rate of 15 to 59 ml/minute/1.73 m2 based on stages 3 and 4 of the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative. Chronic oral inflammatory burden was measured as 1) clinical periodontal infection categorized as no periodontal disease, periodontal disease (at least one tooth with ≥4 mm loss of attachment and bleeding on probing as an indicator of inflammation), or edentulism and 2) serum immunoglobulin G antibody response to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Multiple logistic regression modeling quantified the association between chronic kidney disease and chronic inflammatory burden and other risk factors.Results: Nine percent of the study population had chronic kidney disease, 22% had high A. actinomycetemcomitans antibody titer, 24% had high P. gingivalis antibody titer, 9% had periodontal disease, and 17% were edentulous. After simultaneously adjusting for recognized risk factors, adults with a high A. actinomycetemcomitans titer were less likely to have chronic kidney disease (adjusted odds ratio [ORAdj] = 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46 to 0.98), and adults with edentulism were more likely to have chronic kidney disease (ORAdj = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.44).Conclusion: These results support considering edentulism and low serum titer to A. actinomycetemcomitans as risk indicators for chronic kidney disease.
Risk Indicators for Increased Probing Depth in an Isolated Population in Brazil
Authors: Corraini Priscila , Baelum Vibeke , Pannuti Cláudio Mendes , Pustiglioni Alessandro Nautili , Romito Giuseppe Alexandre , Pustiglioni Francisco Emílio 
Published: September 2008

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, extent, and severity of probing depth (PD) and to investigate the associations between demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral risk indicators and PD in a periodontally untreated and isolated population in Brazil.Methods: The target population consisted of all individuals aged ≥12 years as identified by a census. Consenting participants were submitted to a full‐mouth clinical examination of six sites per tooth and were interviewed using a structured written questionnaire.Results: Among the 214 subjects who were interviewed and clinically examined, PD ≥4 mm was observed in 54% to 83% of the subjects, depending on age, whereas the age‐dependent prevalence of PD ≥6 mm ranged from 5% among 12‐ to 19‐year‐olds to 50% among 40‐ to 49‐year‐olds, decreasing to 40% among subjects ≥50 years of age. Multivariate analyses identified supragingival calculus (odds ratio [OR] = 5.4 to 10.3; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 2.5 to 11.6 and 4.0 to 26.2 for 20% to 50% and >50% of the sites, respectively) as a risk indicator for PD ≥4 mm, whereas age ≥40 years (OR = 9.0; 95% CI: 1.7 to 48.5), being a moderate/heavy smoker (OR = 3.7; 95% CI: 1.4 to 10.1), and having supragingival calculus in 20% to 50% of sites (OR = 6.8; 95% CI: 1.4 to 32.4) or in >50% of sites (OR = 15.3; 95% CI: 3.2 to 73.6) were risk indicators for PD ≥6 mm. Having undergone urgency dental treatment was a protective factor for PD ≥4 and ≥6 mm (OR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.8).Conclusions: Increased PD is highly prevalent in this isolated population. Behavioral factors played a significant role as risk indicators for increased PD in this isolated population.
Light‐Microscopic Evaluation of the Dimensions of Peri‐Implant Mucosa Around Immediately Loaded and Submerged Titanium Implants in Monkeys
Authors: Quaranta Alessandro , Piattelli Adriano , Scarano Antonio , Quaranta Manlio , Pompa Giorgio , Iezzi Giovanna 
Published: September 2008

Background: Immediate loading of dental implants is a successful treatment concept. The importance of healthy peri‐implant soft tissues for the long‐term success of dental implants has been widely recognized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the peri‐implant soft tissues around immediately loaded and submerged implants in monkeys.Methods: A total of 48 implants were inserted in six Macaca fascicularis monkeys. For 24 implants (test implants), the prosthetic abutments were inserted immediately, and a custom‐made metal superstructure was cemented after 3 days; the other 24 implants were left unloaded (control implants). Block sections of bone segments containing the implants were retrieved 9 months after surgical placement. A histomorphometric measurement of sulcular epithelium (SE), junctional epithelium (JE), and connective tissue (CT) contact percentage of the soft tissues around test and control implants was carried out.Results: In some specimens, the peri‐implant epithelium was very similar to a pocket epithelium, whereas in others it was possible to observe an SE and a long junctional‐like epithelium with a moderate amount of inflammatory cells. The supracrestal peri‐implant CT was dense and organized in collagen fibrous bundles in an annular pattern around the implant. No statistically significant differences were present in the dimensions of SE, JE, and CT in test and control implants (P >0.05).Conclusion: Immediate loading did not produce changes in the dimensions of the peri‐implant soft tissues.
Long‐Term Follow‐Up and Tomographic Assessment of an Intrabony Defect Treated With Enamel Matrix Derivative
Authors: Bhatavadekar Neel B. , Paquette David W. 
Published: September 2008

Background: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has an extensive documentation of use in the treatment of periodontal defects. Digital volume tomography (DVT) has been in use in dental medicine since the late 1990s, with a major advantage of decreased radiation and cost‐effectiveness compared to conventional computed tomography (CT). To the best of our knowledge, there is no peer‐reviewed report documenting long‐term tomographic assessment of an intrabony defect treated with EMD alone.Methods: In this case report, we document the long‐term response of an isolated intrabony defect treated with flap surgery plus EMD and monitored for 30 months with a DVT scan. We also compare clinical and radiographic findings for the defect at 7 and 30 months postoperatively.Results: With regenerative treatment, significant improvements in probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were observed both short and long term. No recession occurred, and papillary heights were maintained throughout the monitoring period. Although intraoral radiography suggested bone fill at the defect site at 7 months, DVT confirmed that the intrabony defect was eliminated at 30 months.Conclusions: Treatment of an intrabony defect with surgery plus EMD demonstrated excellent bone fill as assessed with conventional radiographic and tomographic examinations performed over 30 months. Larger studies are needed to further assess the use of DVT imaging as an appropriate adjunctive diagnostic tool for evaluating the responses of intrabony defects to regenerative techniques.
Clinical, Histologic, and Histomorphometric Analyses of Regenerated Bone in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Using Fresh Frozen Human Bone Allografts
Authors: Stacchi Claudio , Orsini Giovanna , Di Iorio Donato , Breschi Lorenzo , Di Lenarda Roberto 
Published: September 2008

Background: The purpose of the present study was the clinical and the histologic evaluation of fresh frozen human bone (FFB) allografts used for maxillary sinus‐augmentation procedures.Methods: Ten subjects were treated with maxillary sinus augmentations using FFB. Radiologic measurements were recorded on computed tomography scans preoperatively and 5 months after the sinus surgeries. At 5 months, during implant placement, 10 core biopsies were retrieved and processed for histomorphometric evaluation under light microscopy (LM). Clinical and histomorphometric measurements are presented as mean ± SD.Results: At baseline, the height of the alveolar ridge measured 4.3 ± 1.3 mm (mean); after augmentation procedures, at implant positioning, it had a mean height of 16.0 ± 1.8 mm. All 22 dental implants were clinically healthy after 5 months. LM showed that most of the specimens presented newly formed bone that was completely integrated with preexisting bone. The interface areas between new and old bone were not discernible. Woven bone was present in some areas of the biopsies; however, in the majority of the examined regions, there was mature osseous tissue presenting features of trabecular bone. There was no evidence of an acute inflammatory infiltrate. Histomorphometry revealed that the percentage of bone was 48.15% ± 14.32%, whereas marrow spaces occupied the rest of the area.Conclusion: FFB is a biocompatible material that can be successfully used for maxillary sinus augmentations without interfering with normal reparative bone processes.
Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjunct to Non‐Surgical Periodontal Treatment: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Christodoulides Nicos , Nikolidakis Dimitris , Chondros Panagiotis , Becker Jürgen , Schwarz Frank , Rössler Ralf , Sculean Anton 
Published: September 2008

Background: Recent preclinical and clinical data have suggested a potential benefit of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of periodontitis. However, there are very limited data from controlled clinical trials evaluating the effect of PDT in the treatment of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic effects of the adjunctive use of PDT to non‐surgical periodontal treatment.Methods: Twenty‐four subjects with chronic periodontitis were randomly treated with scaling and root planing followed by a single episode of PDT (test) or scaling and root planing alone (control). Full‐mouth plaque score (FMPS), full‐mouth bleeding score (FMBS), probing depth (PD), gingival recession, and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline and 3 and 6 months after therapy. Primary outcome variables were changes in PD and CAL. Microbiologic evaluation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis), Treponema denticola, Parvimonas micra (previously Peptostreptococcus micros or Micromonas micros), Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, Eikenella corrodens, and Capnocytophaga spp. was performed at baseline and 3 and 6 months following therapy by using a commercially available polymerase chain reaction test.Results: At 3 and 6 months after treatment, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups with regard to CAL, PD, FMPS, or microbiologic changes. At 3 and 6 months, a statistically significantly greater improvement in FMBS was found in the test group.Conclusion: The additional application of a single episode of PDT to scaling and root planing failed to result in an additional improvement in terms of PD reduction and CAL gain, but it resulted in a significantly higher reduction in bleeding scores compared to scaling and root planing alone.
Accuracy of Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Versus Anaerobic Culture in Detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Atieh Momen A. 
Published: September 2008

Background: Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used to assist in the detection and quantification of several periodontal pathogens. The aim of this study was to perform a meta‐analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of real‐time PCR aimed at detecting Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis.Methods: Studies comparing real‐time PCR versus anaerobic bacterial culture were identified via electronic and manual searches. Meta‐analyses examined the areas under summary receiver operator characteristic curves (SROCs), and diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) were calculated to evaluate the test accuracy.Results: Five studies met the inclusion criteria and showed some degree of heterogeneity. The areas under SROCs for real‐time PCR in identifying A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were 95.9% and 99.5%, respectively. The DORs in detecting A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were 18.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.25 to 152.02) and 40.47 (95% CI: 1.99 to 822.26), respectively.Conclusions: The present review showed a high diagnostic accuracy of real‐time PCR in detecting A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis compared to the culture technique. However, the choice of the microbiologic test is determined by several factors, including diagnostic accuracy, cost, availability, and the need for an antibiotic susceptibility test.
Modeling of Trabecular Bone and Lamina Dura Following Selective Alveolar Decortication in Rats
Authors: Sebaoun Jean‐David , Kantarci Alpdogan , Turner John W. , Carvalho Roberto S. , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Ferguson Donald J. 
Published: September 2008

Background: Modifying the balance between resorption and apposition through selectively injuring the cortical plate of the alveolus has been an approach to speed tooth movement and is referred to as periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics. The aim of this study was to investigate the alveolar response to corticotomy as a function of time and proximity to the surgical injury in a rat model.Methods: Maxillary buccal and lingual cortical plates were injured in 36 healthy adult rats adjacent to the upper left first molars. Twenty‐four animals were euthanized at 3, 7, or 11 weeks. In one group, the maxillae were removed and stripped of soft tissues, and histomorphometric analysis was performed to study alveolar spongiosa and periodontal ligament (PDL) modeling dynamics. Catabolic activity was analyzed with tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase–positive osteoclasts and preosteoclasts. Anabolic actions were measured using a fluorescent vital bone stain series followed by sacrifice at 30 and 51 days. To further analyze the new bone formation, a separate group of animals were fed with calcein fluorescent stain and processed for non‐decalcified fluorescent stain histology.Results: At 3 weeks, the surgery group had significantly (P <0.05) less calcified spongiosa bone surface, greater periodontal ligament surface, higher osteoclast number, and greater lamina dura apposition width. The catabolic activity (osteoclast count) and anabolic activity (apposition rate) were three‐fold greater, calcified spongiosa decreased by two‐fold, and PDL surface increased by two‐fold. Surgical injury to the alveolus that induced a significant increase in tissue turnover by week 3 dissipated to a steady state by postoperative week 11. The impact of the injury was localized to the area immediately adjacent to the decortication injury.Conclusion: Selective alveolar decortication induced increased turnover of alveolar spongiosa, and the activity was localized; dramatic escalation of demineralization‐remineralization dynamics is the likely biologic mechanism underlying rapid tooth movement following selective alveolar decortication.
Analysis of the Occlusal Stress Transmitted to the Inferior Alveolar Nerve by an Osseointegrated Threaded Fixture
Authors: Sammartino G. , Marenzi G. , Citarella R. , Ciccarelli R. , Wang H‐L 
Published: September 2008

Background: Altered sensation can occur after the placement or loading of mandibular implants. Limited evidence exists with regard to the proper distance between the implant and the mandibular nerve to ensure the nerve's integrity and physiologic activity. The proper distance should come from evaluation of clinical data as well as from biomechanical analyses.Methods: A numeric mandibular model based on the boundary element method was created to simulate a mandibular segment containing a threaded fixture so that the pressure on the trigeminal nerve, as induced by the occlusal loads, could be assessed. Such pressure distributions were evaluated with different distances of the fixture from the mandibular canal and considering different bone densities. Although all simulations considered a canal that was orthogonal to the implant axis, in one case, the effects of an inclined canal were analyzed.Results: The nerve pressure increased rapidly with a bone density decrease. A low mandibular cortical bone density caused a major nerve pressure increase.Conclusion: Our study suggested a distance of 1.5 mm to prevent implant damage to the underlying inferior alveolar nerve when biomechanical loading was taken into consideration.
Simultaneous Hard and Soft Tissue Augmentation for Implants in the Esthetic Zone: Report of 37 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Fagan Mark C. , Owens Heather , Smaha John , Kao Richard T. 
Published: September 2008

Background: A recent report documented a tissue engineering approach to simultaneously augment hard and soft tissues for implant site preparation. The technique used freeze‐dried mineralized bone allograft (FDBA), recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor mixture with a titanium‐reinforced membrane, and a pediculated connective tissue graft (PCTG) to simultaneously augment the hard and soft tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of this technique in delayed and immediate implant cases in which specific augmentation materials differed.Methods: This retrospective analysis reports on the clinical treatment of subjects requiring maxillary anterior extractions with concomitant loss of the buccal plate. In preparation for an implant‐supported restoration, 37 defects were treated with FDBA, differing guided bone regeneration barrier membranes, and PCTG. Twelve subjects underwent immediate implant placement.Results: All 37 grafted sites healed uneventfully with no complications. Thirty‐six implants osseointegrated and were stable and successful at the 6‐ and 12‐month postrestoration evaluations. One immediate implant failed to integrate. The overall success rate was 97.3%.Conclusions: This analysis suggested that the interpositional vascularized augmentation neogenesis (IVAN) technique can be used effectively to simultaneously augment hard and soft tissue. This technique is effective when used in conjunction with the immediate or delayed placement of dental implants in the maxillary anterior segment. Furthermore, when using this technique, the specific membrane and FDBA source can be chosen by the practitioner to treat individual defects.
A Licorice Extract Reduces Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Macrophages and Whole Blood
Authors: Bodet Charles , La Vu Dang , Gafner Stefan , Bergeron Chantal , Grenier Daniel 
Published: September 2008

Background: Periodontal diseases are a group of inflammatory disorders initiated by specific Gram‐negative periodontopathogenic bacteria that lead to the destruction of tooth‐supporting tissues. In this study, we tested whether a carbon dioxide–supercritical extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice) can reduce the periodontopathogen‐induced inflammatory response.Methods: Monocyte‐derived macrophages were treated with various concentrations of the licorice extract prior to being stimulated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The capacity of the licorice extract to mediate the inflammatory response was also tested in an ex vivo whole blood model stimulated with P. gingivalis LPS. The secretion of interleukin (IL)‐1β, −6, and −8 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in both models was assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Changes in the phosphorylation state of macrophage intracellular kinases induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS and the licorice extract in the macrophage model were characterized by immunoblotting.Results: The licorice extract exhibited potent anti‐inflammatory properties, inhibiting the periodontopathogen LPS‐induced IL‐1β, −6, and −8 and TNF‐α responses of macrophages. The licorice extract inhibited the phosphorylation of important macrophage intracellular signaling proteins, including nuclear factor‐kappa B p65 nuclear transcription factor and Jun proto‐oncogene‐encoded activator protein (AP) 1 transcription factor, which are involved in inflammatory signaling pathways. The licorice extract was also a potent inhibitor of the proinflammatory cytokine response in the ex vivo human whole blood model.Conclusion: This CO2‐supercritical licorice extract is a potential candidate for the development of a new therapy to prevent and/or treat periodontitis‐associated tissue destruction.
Early Implant Placement With Simultaneous Guided Bone Regeneration Following Single‐Tooth Extraction in the Esthetic Zone: A Cross‐Sectional, Retrospective Study in 45 Subjects With a 2‐ to 4‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Buser Daniel , Bornstein Michael M. , Weber Hans Peter , Grütter Linda , Schmid Bruno , Belser Urs C. 
Published: September 2008

Background: The concept of early implant placement is a treatment option in postextraction sites of single teeth in the anterior maxilla. Implant placement is performed after a soft tissue healing period of 4 to 8 weeks. Implant placement in a correct three‐dimensional position is combined with a simultaneous guided bone regeneration procedure to rebuild esthetic facial hard and soft tissue contours.Methods: In this retrospective, cross‐sectional study, 45 patients with an implant‐borne single crown in function for 2 to 4 years were recalled for examination. Clinical and radiologic parameters, routinely used in implant studies, were assessed.Results: All 45 implants were clinically successful according to strict success criteria. The implants demonstrated ankylotic stability without signs of a peri‐implant infection. The peri‐implant soft tissues were clinically healthy as indicated by low mean plaque (0.42) and sulcus bleeding index (0.51) values. None of the implants revealed a mucosal recession on the facial aspect as confirmed by a clearly submucosal position of all implant shoulders. The mean distance from the mucosal margin to the implant shoulder was −1.93 mm on the facial aspect. The periapical radiographs showed stable peri‐implant bone levels, with a mean distance between the implant shoulder and the first bone–implant contact of 2.18 mm.Conclusions: This retrospective study demonstrated successful treatment outcomes for all 45 implants examined. The mid‐term follow‐up of 2 to 4 years also showed that the risk for mucosal recession was low with this treatment concept. Prospective clinical studies are required to confirm these encouraging results.