bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of the permanent‐magnet induction generator under unbalanced grid voltages
Authors: Tsuda Toshihiro , Fukami Tadashi , Kanamaru Yasunori , Miyamoto Toshio 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the electrical and magnetic characteristics of a permanent‐magnet induction generator (PMIG) under unbalanced grid voltages. The method of symmetrical components and two‐dimensional finite element analysis (2D‐FEA) are used to calculate these characteristics and the results are confirmed through experiments. Even if the voltage of the power grids is unbalanced, the PMIG can operate at high efficiency over a wide range of slip and the built‐in permanent‐magnet (PM) rotor is minimally affected by the negative‐sequence rotating field. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(4): 60–69, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20585
Search of target image area by using geometrical and gray‐level features
Authors: Matuura Yosihumi , Saitoh Fumihiko 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a method to measure the two‐dimensional pose of an object by using voting process based on geometrical and gray‐level features between edge pixels and the base point. The proposed method can measure a location and an inclination of an object even if the object has a free pose in an image. In the template registration process, the geometrical features and the distribution of gray levels for all edge pixels are registered into the template table. In the matching process, not only the geometrical features but also the arrays of gray levels between the edge pixels and the base point are used for the matching. The experimental results show that the poses of objects with free locations and inclinations were recognized successfully by the proposed method. High‐speed matching was realized in comparison with the conventional methods. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(4): 12– 19, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20613
Conversion of CO2 into Formate by Homogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogenation in Water: Tuning Catalytic Activity and Water Solubility through the Acid–Base Equilibrium of the Ligand
Authors: Himeda Yuichiro 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis Microreview focuses on the recently developed hydrogenation of CO2 and hydrogen carbonate catalyzed by half‐sandwich complexes with 4,4′‐dihydroxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine (dhbp) and 4,7‐dihydroxy‐1,10‐phenanthroline (dhpt). An unprecedented high catalytic activity and reusability of the catalyst without waste generation were achieved by automatic tuning of the catalytic activity and water solubility of the catalyst through the acid–base equilibrium of the catalyst ligand. The oxyanion generated from the phenol hydroxy group played significant roles in the electronic effect and polarity. The catalyst design concept and the excellent properties of the ligands are expected to have significantly broader implications for the design of new homogeneous catalysts.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis and Structure of Dinucleotides Featuring Canonical and Non‐canonical A‐Type Duplex α, β and δ Torsion Angle Combinations (LNA/α,β‐D‐CNA)
Authors: Dupouy Christelle , Lavedan Pierre , Escudier Jean‐Marc 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of diastereoisomers of LNA/α,β‐D‐CNA dinucleotide building units of nucleic acids in which one δ torsional angle is constrained by an LNA structure and the α and β torsional angles are stereocontrolled by a dioxaphosphorinane ring structure (D‐CNA family) is described. NMR structural analysis showed that the δa, αb and βb torsional angles of the (RC5′,RP)‐configured LNA/α,β‐D‐CNA TT dimer are restricted to the canonical {δa,αb,βb} = {gauche(+)/anticlinal(+), gauche(–), trans} conformation typically observed in A‐type duplexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
The Ritter Reaction under Truly Catalytic Brønsted Acid Conditions
Authors: Sanz Roberto , Martínez Alberto , Guilarte Verónica , Álvarez‐Gutiérrez Julia M. , Rodríguez Félix 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSimple organic acids like 2,4‐dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBSA) catalyze the Ritter reaction of secondary benzylic alcohols giving rise to the corresponding N‐benzylacetamides in usually high yields. Reactions can be conducted without exclusion of oxygen and without the need of dry solvents. With tertiary α,α‐dimethylbenzylic alcohols a different pathway involving a formal dimerization reaction takes place under the acid‐catalytic conditions used. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A semiparametric method for predicting bankruptcy
Authors: Hwang Ruey‐Ching , Cheng K. F. , Lee Jack C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBankruptcy prediction methods based on a semiparametric logit model are proposed for simple random (prospective) and case–control (choice‐based; retrospective) data. The unknown parameters and prediction probabilities in the model are estimated by the local likelihood approach, and the resulting estimators are analyzed through their asymptotic biases and variances. The semiparametric bankruptcy prediction methods using these two types of data are shown to be essentially equivalent. Thus our proposed prediction model can be directly applied to data sampled from the two important designs. One real data example and simulations confirm that our prediction method is more powerful than alternatives, in the sense of yielding smaller out‐of‐sample error rates. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting volatility by means of threshold models
Authors: Muñoz M. Pilar , Marquez M. Dolores , Acosta Lesly M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to compare the forecasting performance of competing threshold models, in order to capture the asymmetric effect in the volatility. We focus on examining the relative out‐of‐sample forecasting ability of the SETAR‐Threshold GARCH (SETAR‐TGARCH) and the SETAR‐Threshold Stochastic Volatility (SETAR‐THSV) models compared to the GARCH model and Stochastic Volatility (SV) model. However, the main problem in evaluating the predictive ability of volatility models is that the ‘true’ underlying volatility process is not observable and thus a proxy must be defined for the unobservable volatility. For the class of nonlinear state space models (SETAR‐THSV and SV), a modified version of the SIR algorithm has been used to estimate the unknown parameters. The forecasting performance of competing models has been compared for two return time series: IBEX 35 and S&P 500. We explore whether the increase in the complexity of the model implies that its forecasting ability improves. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of olanzapine on cognition during treatment of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia: a post‐hoc analysis
Authors: Deberdt Walter G. , Siegal Alan , Ahl Jonna , Meyers Adam L. , Landbloom Ronald 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted to determine the effect of olanzapine treatment on cognition in elderly patients with behavioral and psychiatric symptoms (BPSD) associated with dementia.MethodsThis was a post‐hoc analysis of three randomized double‐blind, clinical trials of olanzapine (n = 682) vs placebo (n = 257) in dementia patients with BPSD in long‐term or continuing‐care settings. One study was 6 weeks long; the other two were 10 weeks duration, and their data were combined. Patients were subgrouped according to baseline Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores: Group I = 23–26; Group II = 19–22; Group III = 14–18; Group IV = 7–13; Group V = 1–6. BPSD was assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI).ResultsWithin‐treatment group cognitive decline in patients was significant in the combined studies, but not in the 6‐week study. Between‐treatment cognitive changes were non‐significant in the 6‐week study, but showed a statistical trend in the combined studies (olanzapine, −0.78 ± 0.19 vs placebo, −0.32 ± 0.25; p = 0.06). In the subgroup analysis, there was a significant between‐treatment difference in cognitive changes in MMSE subgroup IV in the combined studies (olanzapine, −0.63 ± 0.26 vs placebo, 0.27 ± 0.41, p = 0.04). Improvement in BPSD was correlated with better cognitive outcome (r = −0.2; p < 0.01).ConclusionsAlthough the overall differences in cognitive changes in patients treated with olanzapine vs placebo were small and non‐significant, negative effects on cognition in some patients cannot be excluded, especially in patients with more pronounced cognitive decline or whose behavioral and psychiatric symptoms are not responding to treatment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cortical dynamics of word recognition
Authors: Mainy Nelly , Jung Julien , Baciu Monica , Kahane Philippe , Schoendorff Benjamin , Minotti Lorella , Hoffmann Dominique , Bertrand Olivier , Lachaux Jean‐Philippe 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWhile functional neuroimaging studies have helped elucidate major regions implicated in word recognition, much less is known about the dynamics of the associated activations or the actual neural processes of their functional network. We used intracerebral electroencephalography recordings in 10 patients with epilepsy to directly measure neural activity in the temporal and frontal lobes during written words' recognition, predominantly in the left hemisphere. The patients were presented visually with consonant strings, pseudo‐words, and words and performed a hierarchical paradigm contrasting semantic processes (living vs. nonliving word categorization task), phonological processes (rhyme decision task on pseudo‐words), and visual processes (visual analysis of consonant strings). Stimuli triggered a cascade of modulations in the gamma‐band (>40 Hz) with reproducible timing and task‐sensitivity throughout the functional reading network: the earliest gamma‐band activations were observed for all stimuli in the mesial basal temporal lobe at 150 ms, reaching the word form area in the mid fusiform gyrus at 200 ms, evidencing a superiority effect for word‐like stimuli. Peaks of gamma‐band activations were then observed for word‐like stimuli after 400 ms in the anterior and middle portion of the superior temporal gyrus (BA 38 and BA 22 respectively), in the pars triangularis of Broca's area for the semantic task (BAs 45 and 47), and in the pars opercularis for the phonological task (BA 44). Concurrently, we observed a two‐pronged effect in the prefrontal cortex (BAs 9 and 46), with nonspecific sustained dorsal activation related to sustained attention and, more ventrally, a strong reflex deactivation around 500 ms, possibly due to semantic working memory reset. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamics of event‐related causality in brain electrical activity
Authors: Korzeniewska Anna , Crainiceanu Ciprian M. , Kuś Rafał , Franaszczuk Piotr J. , Crone Nathan E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA new method (Event‐Related Causality, ERC) is proposed for the investigation of functional interactions between brain regions during cognitive processing. ERC estimates the direction, intensity, spectral content, and temporal course of brain activity propagation within a cortical network. ERC is based upon the short‐time directed transfer function (SDTF), which is measured in short EEG epochs during multiple trials of a cognitive task, as well as the direct directed transfer function (dDTF), which distinguishes direct interactions between brain regions from indirect interactions via brain regions. ERC uses new statistical methods for comparing estimates of causal interactions during prestimulus “baseline” epochs and during poststimulus “activated” epochs in order to estimate event‐related increases and decreases in the functional interactions between cortical network components during cognitive tasks. The utility of the ERC approach is demonstrated through its application to human electrocorticographic recordings (ECoG) of a simple language task. ERC analyses of these ECoG recordings reveal frequency‐dependent interactions, particularly in high gamma (>60 Hz) frequencies, between brain regions known to participate in the recorded language task, and the temporal evolution of these interactions is consistent with the putative processing stages of this task. The method may be a useful tool for investigating the dynamics of causal interactions between various brain regions during cognitive task performance. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prone positioning for head and neck reconstructive surgery
Authors: Mobley Steven Ross , Miller Brian Thomas , Astor Frank C. , Fine Bradley , Halliday N. James 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCertain head and neck surgical cases require the patient to be positioned prone. Such positioning carries with it an attendant subset of risks and complications not otherwise encountered in more traditional supine positioning. Gaining awareness of these risks and complications, and developing proactive positioning strategies, will enable the surgical team to position the patient optimally for the procedure and provide for every consideration of patient safety.This article consists of a specific literature review of those issues directly related to the anatomical and physiological concerns arising from prone positioning. Particular attention is paid to the cardiopulmonary, renal, ophthalmologic, and neurological vulnerabilities unique to this position.Proper planning by the surgical team and utilization of the correct equipment are a necessity. A tailored approach to the needs of the individual patient and an intimate awareness of the potential pitfalls will contribute to better outcomes when using the prone position. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Dissection of the submuscular recess (sublevel IIb) in squamous cell cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract: Prospective study and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Paleri Vinidh , Kumar Subramaniam Selva , Oozeer Nashreen , Rees Guy , Krishnan Suren 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground.Selective neck dissection is commonly used to clear occult neck metastases in the N0 neck. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of occult metastases in lymph nodes of sublevel IIb (submuscular recess; SMR) in upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma in the setting of clinically and radiologically staged N0 necks and to perform a systematic review of the literature on the incidence of metastases in this setting.Methods.We conducted a prospective study of 50 neck dissections and systematic review of the literature.Results.(A) Prospective study: Tissue dissected out from the SMR was sent separately for histopathologic analysis. Between 0 and 7 nodes were harvested from sublevel IIb. One patient had a metastatic node in sublevel IIb with extracapsular spread in the ipsilateral neck. No other positive nodes were detected. Sixteen necks showed occult metastases at other levels. (B) Systematic review: The review identified 14 articles with 903 necks suitable for inclusion. The overall incidence of metastatic disease at this sublevel in the context of an N0 neck from any site is 2.0% (18 of 903). The incidence of occult metastatic disease in sublevel IIb for oral cavity, oropharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer is 3.9% (11 of 279), 5.2% (5 of 96), and 0.4% (1 of 230) patients, respectively. Contralateral positive nodes (0.9%) and isolated metastases (0.3%) at this sublevel were rare.Conclusion.Nodal metastases are uncommon in the SMR even in the presence of positive nodes in adjacent sublevel IIa. There appears to be no advantage in performing contralateral SMR dissection in N0 necks and in laryngeal primaries. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Total Synthesis of Murrayanine Involving 4,5‐Dimethyleneoxazolidin‐2‐ones and a Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Diaryl Insertion
Authors: Bernal Pablo , Tamariz Joaquín 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA new total synthesis of the natural carbazole murrayanine (1) was developed by using the 4,5‐dimethyleneoxazolidin‐2‐one 12 as starting material. The latter underwent a highly regioselective Diels–Alder cycloaddition with acrylaldehyde (=prop‐2‐enal; 13) to give adduct 14 (Scheme 3). Conversion of this adduct into diarylamine derivative 9 was carried out via hydrolysis and methylation (Scheme 4). Differing from our previous synthesis, in which such a diarylamine derivative was transformed into 1 by a PdII‐stoichiometric cyclization, this new approach comprised an improved cyclization through a more efficient Pd0‐catalyzed intramolecular diaryl coupling which was applied to 9, thus obtaining the natural carbazole 1 in a higher overall yield.
Iridoid Glucosides from Eremostachys moluccelloidesBunge
Authors: Çalış İhsan , Güvenç Ayşegül , Armağan Metin , Koyuncu Mehmet , Gotfredsen Charlotte H. , Jensen Søren R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFrom the aerial parts of Eremostachys moluccelloides Bunge, a new iridoid glucoside, lamalbidic acid (7), was isolated as its choline salt 7a together with six known iridoid glucosides, 5‐deoxysesamoside (1), 6β‐hydroxy‐7‐epiloganin (2), lamalbide (3), shanzhiside methyl ester (4), sesamoside (5), and 5‐deoxypulchelloside I (6). The structures of 7a and 7 (obtained from 7a) were elucidated by spectroscopic (UV, IR, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and ESI‐MS) methods.
Three New Neolignans from the Aril of Myristica fragrans
Authors: Li Fei , Yang Xiu‐Wei 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThree new neolignans, named 1‐deoxycarinatone (1), isodihydrocarinatidin (2), and isolicarin A (3), together with the known neolignan (+)‐dehydrodiisoeugenol (4), were isolated from mace (the aril of Myristica fragrans Houtt.). Their structures were elucidated as 2‐[(1S)‐2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐methylethyl]‐6‐methoxy‐4‐(prop‐2‐enyl)phenol (1), 4‐[(2R,3R)‐2,3‐dihydro‐7‐methoxy‐3‐methyl‐5‐(prop‐2‐enyl)benzofuran‐2‐yl]‐2‐methoxyphenol (2), and 4‐{(2S,3R)‐2,3‐dihydro‐7‐methoxy‐3‐methyl‐5‐[(1E)‐prop‐1‐enyl]benzofuran‐2‐yl}‐2‐methoxyphenol (3) on the basis of spectroscopic data.
Solvent‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Amidoalkyl Naphthols Catalyzed by Silica Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Srihari Galla , Nagaraju Manda , Murthy Madugula Marthanda 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAn efficient, inexpensive, and mild method for the synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols, catalyzed by ‘silica sulfuric acid’ (SSA), was elaborated under solvent‐free conditions at room temperature. Various amidoalkyl naphthols were synthesized in high yields from aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes, α‐ or β‐naphthols, and amides or urea or thiourea.
New Cadinane‐Type Sesquiterpenes from the Roots of Taiwania cryptomerioidesHayata
Authors: Chyu Chiou‐Fung , Ke Mei‐Ru , Chang Yuan‐Shiun , Chien Shih‐Chang , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSix new cadinane‐type sesquiterpenes, (1β,4β,5α,10α)‐1,4‐epoxymuurolan‐5‐ol (1), (4α,10β)‐4,10‐dihydroxycadin‐1(6)‐en‐5‐one (2), (2β,3α,4β,6β)‐2,3‐dihydroxycadin‐1(10)‐en‐5‐one (3), (2β,3α)‐α‐corocalene‐2,3‐diol (4), (7S)‐α‐calacoren‐14‐ol (5), and (8β,9β,10β)‐8,9‐epoxycalamenene‐3,10‐diol (6) together with one known compound, (8β,9β,10β)‐8,9‐epoxycalamenen‐10‐ol (7), were isolated from the roots of Taiwania cryptomerioides. The structures of the new constituents were essentially elucidated by spectral evidence.
Phase Analysis of the Binary System of Cryolite (Na3AlF6) and Sodium Metasilicate (Na2SiO3)
Authors: Šimko František , Boča Miroslav 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe phase analysis of cryolite (Na3AlF6) and sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) was performed by thermal analysis. The eutectic system with a region of two immiscible substances at a concentration of Na2SiO3 between 42.8 and 46.3 mol‐% was identified and the eutectic temperature determined to (886±2) °C. Based on the results of mass‐loss measurements, it was assumed that the introduced Na2SiO3 reacts with Na3AlF6 due to the formation of some nonvolatile stable compounds. The stable reaction products were identified by X‐ray diffraction analysis and IR spectroscopy of the spontaneously cooled samples, which established the formation of NaF and stable amorphous aluminosilicate compounds.
Physicochemical Properties of a New Multicomponent Cosolvent System for the pKa Determination of Poorly Soluble Pharmaceutical Compounds
Authors: Box Karl J. , Völgyi Gergely , Ruiz Rebeca , Comer John E. , Takács‐Novák Krisztina , Bosch Elisabeth , Ràfols Clara , Rosés Martí 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA mixture of cosolvents is described that significantly improves the solubility of most pharmaceutical compounds. The mixture consists of equal volumes of MeOH, 1,4‐dioxane, and MeCN, thereby containing polar and nonpolar solvents, and is referred to as MDM (from MeOH, dioxane, and MeCN). MDM is mixed with H2O until the required composition is reached. The utility of this system is that it enables analytical measurements to be performed on a wide range of compounds where measurements would be impaired in aqueous solution. We present the physicochemical characteristics of MDM/H2O mixtures (density, dielectric constant, psKw) and the principles of pKa measurement in this solvent/H2O mixture. We also present pKa values in H2O of several drug compounds determined from values measured in MDM/H2O mixtures.
Two New, 1‐Oxygenated ent‐Kaurane‐Type Diterpenes from Croton kongensis
Authors: Chen Wei , Yang Xiao‐Dong , Zhao Jing‐Feng , Zhang Hong‐Bin , Li Liang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOne new ent‐8,9‐secokaurane diterpene, kongensin D (1), and one new ent‐kaurane diterpene, kongensin E (2), along with one known compound, (7α)‐7,18‐dihydroxy‐ent‐kaur‐16‐en‐15‐one 18‐acetate (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Croton kongensis. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by means of HR‐MS and in‐depth NMR experiments, and by comparison with literature data. Compounds 1 and 2 showed an unusual oxygenation pattern with an OH or AcO group at C(1).
A New Pregnane and a New Diphenylmethane from the Root Barks of Periploca sepium
Authors: Wang Lei , Yin Zhi‐Qi , Shen Wen‐Bin , Zhang Qing‐Wen , Ye Wen‐Cai 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA new polyoxygenated pregnane genin and a new diphenylmethane, along with five known pregnane derivatives, were isolated from the root barks of Periploca sepium. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as (3β,14β)‐3,14‐dihydroxy‐21‐methoxypregn‐5‐en‐20‐one (1) and 2‐hydroxy‐5‐(2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzyl)‐4‐methoxybenzaldehyde (2) on the basis of spectroscopic methods, especially 2D‐NMR and MS analyses. The known compounds were identified by comparing their physical and spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature.
Cadinane and Eudesmane Sesquiterpenoids from Chloranthus henryi
Authors: Wu Bin , He Shan , Wu Xiao‐Dan , Wu De‐Kang , Pan Yuan‐Jiang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemical investigation of the leaves and stems of Chloranthus henryi resulted in the isolation and characterization of the three new cadinane‐type sesquiterpenes 1–3 and of the new eudesmane‐type sesquiterpene 4, together with three known compounds. Among the new compounds, the two cadinane‐type sesquiterpenes 1 and 2 possess an unusual aromatic ring B in their molecule. These structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. In addition, antitumor activities of the isolates were also evaluated.