bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2 The Church as Anonymous Celebrity
Authors: Murphy Francesca Aran 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter compares the dialogical image of the founding of the Church by Christ, the Spirit, and human witnesses given by Irenaeus and von Balthasar, with the impersonal grounding of Christian community in a common language proposed by Story Barthians like Lindbeck and Frei. Since it gives the story priority over the tellers of the tale, Story Barthianism ignores the personalities who mobilized the Church and its Scriptures into existence. Therefore, they cannot achieve their own stated intentions of being non-foundationalist and of avoiding reference to internal intentions, for they ultimately found the Church in a collective and internalized idea of the resurrected Christ, not in the personalities and their historical and Spirit-led witness to the resurrected Christ.
Compounding
Authors: Booij Geert 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCompounding is the word formation process in which two or more lexemes are combined into a word. In neo-classical compounding, Greek or Latin roots are also used as building blocks. Compounding is a very productive process in many languages. It is sometimes complicated to determine if a sequence of word is to be considered a compound or a phrase. Compounding and derivation can be used simultaneously in the formation of synthetic compounds.
Morphology and syntax: demarcation and interaction
Authors: Booij Geert 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMorphology and syntax must be demarcated it must be determined if a sequence of word constituents is a complex word or a phrase. The principle of Lexical Integrity serves this purpose: word constituents cannot be operated upon by syntactic processes. However, phrases can form parts of complex word such as compounds. Morphological processes also determine the valency of complex words, and can change their argument structure.
Morphology and language change
Authors: Booij Geert 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWord formation processes lead to lexical innovation, and hence to changes in the lexical conventions of a language. Borrowing is another form of lexical innovation. Existing complex words are subject to processes of erosion, with the effect that they might lose their transparency. New complex words also arise in the course of history through the processes of grammaticalization and univerbation. Language users inspect their language system continuously, which may lead to reanalysis of complex words and changes in the morphology of a language.
Capitalism Unleashed
Authors: Glyn Andrew 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAfter a turbulent century of unprecedented social and technological change, capitalism has emerged as the dominant ideology and model for economic growth in the richest, most developed countries. But only thirty years ago economic growth was faltering, inflation rising, and the Left were arguing for greater state intervention in industry. How did this transformation happen? And what price have we paid in the process? This book provides a history of the problems facing the economies of Europe, Japan, and the US during the latter half of the 20th century, and questions whether capitalism has really brought the levels of economic growth and prosperity that were hoped for. The book then looks at the impact the rapidly developing economies of China and the South are likely to have on the older economies of the North. As the race is on to maintain growth and protect competitive advantage, the book asks: is the ‘race-to-the bottom’ inevitable, with welfare states being dismantled to meet competitive demands? Or is there an alternative model that sees a strong commitment to welfare provision as essential to economic growth? Can we afford not to tackle inequality at home as well as abroad?
Allegory and Exegesis in the Derveni Papyrus: The Origin of Greek Scholarship
Authors: Obbink Dirk 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter argues that the scholarly tradition of textual exegesis has pre-Classical roots in works whose purpose was religious or ritual. The Derveni papyrus exemplifies such work: its author ‘updates’ the Orphic text on which he comments and invests it with initiatory significance by reconfiguring it as cosmological allegory.
The Japanese Model and its Implications for International Transfer and Work Transformation
Authors: Elger Tony , Smith Chris 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter considers contrasting interpretations of the Japanese model and their implications for international transfer and work transformation. It compares accounts of Japanese production paradigms as exemplars of neo-Fordism, post-Fordism, or Toyotaism, and locates these accounts within wider debates about evolving work and employment relations in Japan during the post-war period. It considers four rival interpretations of the rise of distinctively Japanese forms of work and employment — culturalist, institutionalist, class relations, and political economy approaches — and the implications of each of these interpretations for the transfer debate. It concludes that an historical analysis of evolving class and gender relations, the role of the state, and wider geo-political contexts is important for understanding the rise of the Japanese economy in the post-war period, the distinctive features of Japanese firms, and the internationalization of economic activity from the 1980s.
Inward Investment and the Construction of New Production Spaces: The Case of Telford
Authors: Elger Tony , Smith Chris 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter examines the construction of new production spaces for foreign firms through the clustering of inward investment within one locality. It examines the roles of pre-existing institutional legacies, national and local state policies, individual enterprise strategies, and the responses of trade unions and workers in the construction and reconstruction of one such production space at Telford in the English Midlands, the town with the highest concentration of Japanese investment in Britain. Close and cooperative relationships between Japanese firms have helped to set ‘the rules of the game’ for many aspects of worker-management relations, including union avoidance, making the cluster and the locality key influences on internal factory regimes. This has reinforced an emphasis on lowly paid machining and assembly work, but managers have still faced important constraints and challenges on these greenfield sites. This is the setting for most of the case-study subsidiaries discussed in the book.
2 IonianIambosand AtticKomoidia: Father and Daughter, or Just Cousins?
Authors: Bowie Ewen 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter reconsiders the old problem of the relationship between iambus and comedy. By comparing three possible hypotheses of dependence, it rejects the view that Cratinus introduced into Attic comedy certain iambic features which then continued to live there throughout the epoch of Old Comedy. The chapter underlines the substantial differences between iambus and comedy on the macroscopic level of discourse parameters such as length, audience, performers and mode of performance, and presence of narrative. It also stresses that Aristotle in the Poetics did not suggest a genetic link between iambus and comedy. Where there are similarities, they should be regarded as the natural, independent developments of two verbal genres in which a mixed tradition of narrative and abuse was endowed with a social or political function.
3 The Language of Doric Comedy
Authors: Cassio Albio C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter presents an outline of Epicharmean grammar and assigns to Epicharmus an important place in the linguistic history of Greek literature. It argues that Epicharmus' fragments open up a fascinating world not often studied in depth by students of Greek literature: that of a powerful colonial city whose traditions and institutions were profoundly different from those prevailing at Athens, and whose dialect, very different from the Attic, was remarkably influenced by indigenous languages. Epicharmus also provides a useful corrective to the ‘Athenocentric’ view of Greek drama.
9 Some Orthographical Variants in the Papyri of Later Greek Comedy
Authors: Arnott W. Geoffrey 
Published: September 2007

AbstractComic poets such as Menander may not have been consistent in their choices, and the papyri, which range in date from the 3rd century BC down to at least the 5th century AD, may at times reflect the spellings accepted at the time of the copying scribes rather than those of the original authors. In order to consider the need to cite apparently minor orthographical variants when editing and translating later Greek comedy this chapter looks at readings in the Marcianus codex of the original version of Athenaeus and in manuscripts of its Epitome.
Engendering Transitions
Authors: Waylen Georgina 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis book examines the roles that women's mobilizations have played in processes of democratization and the impact of transitions to democracy on gender relations. In an over-arching and thematic analysis, it compares transitions from state socialism and authoritarianism that took place as part of the ‘third wave’ of democratization that swept the world from the 1970s onwards. Using case study material drawn from eight countries primarily in Latin America and East Central Europe as well as South Africa, the book explores the gendered constraints and opportunities provided by processes of democratization and economic restructuring. It develops an analytical framework that brings together the analysis of key actors and institutions, and shows that under certain conditions, transitions to democracy can result in some positive gender outcomes such as improvements in women's political representation and more ‘gender sensitive’ policy in areas such as domestic violence. The book argues that women's mobilization during transitions is no guarantee of success and change is easier to achieve in some areas than others. Understanding the different roles that can be played by organized women's movements, key actors, institutions, and the wider political environment, such as the international context, is crucial in helping to explain why gender outcomes vary in different circumstances. The book therefore aims to address important debates within the study of both comparative politics and gender and politics.
Chapter 2
Authors: Waylen Georgina 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe first substantive part of the book examines women's organizing during different stages of transitions to democracy. As the starting point of the analysis, it explores how women mobilize, under what conditions, and with what results. It also looks at how women's movements, including feminist movements, interact with their context — both national and international — during these different stages. The section begins with a discussion of the pre-existing literature on civil society and women's movements. This is followed by an analysis of different forms of women's organizing during state socialist and authoritarian regimes; the breakdown of non-democratic regimes and subsequent transitions; and in the post-transition period. It concludes by arguing that to understand the impact of women's organizing, it is necessary to broaden the analysis to include the electoral arena.
Conclusions
Authors: Waylen Georgina 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe conclusion gives an overview of how the changes in citizenship, participation and policymaking that have been part of transitions to democracy are gendered and lays out the circumstances under which gender outcomes can be positive. After summarizing the outcomes in the electoral, bureaucratic, and constitutional/legal arenas, the conclusion outlines the key factors involved in any explanation. Although women's movements are often central in articulating gender issues, more is needed to ensure that those issues are placed on the agenda of the transition and subsequently remain on the policy agenda in the post transition period. Any analysis therefore has to include the political opportunity structure and the roles of key actors and strategic alliances. The conclusion then outlines how the book's arguments fit into wider debates within the study of gender and politics and comparative politics.
7 Tuscany
Authors: Sallares Robert 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter briefly discusses the history of malaria in the Maremma, the coastal region of Tuscany, in antiquity, with particular reference to Graviscae, the port of Tarquinia — the first locality in respect of which a contemporary ancient source (Cato the Elder) provides evidence for the presence of endemic malaria in the 2nd century BC. Tiberius Gracchus’ observations of depopulation and the replacement of the original population by imported slave labour are related to the spread of malaria.
British Rail 1974–1997
Authors: Gourvish Terry 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Britain's privatized railways continue to provoke debate about the organization, financing, and development of the railway system. This important book provides an authoritative account of the progress made by British Rail prior to privatization, and a unique insight into its difficult role in the government's privatization planning from 1989. Based on free access to the British Railway Board's archives, the book provides an analysis of the main themes: a process of continuous organizational change; the existence of a persistent government audit; perennial investment restraints; the directive to reduce operating costs and improve productivity; a concern with financial performance, technological change, service quality, and the management of industrial relations; and the Board's ambiguous position as the Conservative government pressed home its privatization programme. The introduction of sector management from 1982 and the ‘Organizing for Quality’ initiative of the early 1990s, the Serpell Report on railway finances of 1983, the sale of the subsidiary businesses, the large-scale investment in the Channel Tunnel, and the obsession with safety which followed the Clapham accident of 1988, are all examined. In the conclusion, the book reviews the successes and failures of the public sector, rehearses the arguments for and against integration in the railway industry, and contrasts what many have termed ‘the golden age’ of the mid-late 1980s, when the British Rail-government relationship was arguably at its most effective, with what has happened since 1994.
7 Selling the Subsidiary Businesses
Authors: Gourvish Terry 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter discusses the significance of the disposal of the British Railways Board's subsidiary businesses. These include British Transport Hotels, Sealink and the harbours, property portfolio, and catering and advertising businesses. The sale of assets provided cash to address British Rail's financial problems, particularly during the recession of the early 1980s. In the late 1980s, the disposals contributed to cash resources, thereby assisting in the Board's efforts to reduce PSO while financing investment without additional borrowing.
Wall Street Women's Herstories
Authors: Fisher Melissa 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the initial entry of professional women on Wall Street. It locates women's accounts of corporate life in relation to historical factors, including and encompassing the context over women's legitimate place on Wall Street and the transformation of gendered relations amid the upheaval in institutional structures produced by global capitalism in the 1970s and 1980s. Drawing on life-history interviews, the chapter analyses the ways in which the first cohort of women in research drew on natural attributes of American femininity, such as conservative risk-averse behaviour, to legitimize their relationships with clients. It also examines the ways women pioneers in investment banking drew on supposedly masculine characteristics of calculated rationality and risk-taking to construct themselves as authoritative financial subjects. The chapter argues for historians to analyse the discourse of executives, including their talk about corporate culture, as a window onto the gendered construction of business on Wall Street.
2 The Background and the Sources
Authors: MacGeorge Penny 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter begins with a discussion of Dalmatia and Salona. Dalmatia was a province of the Roman Empire; Salona was the provincial capital, and the largest and most Romanized city of the province. The sources for Marcellinus, a warlord with his power based in Dalmatia, are described.
3 The Origins and Career of Marcellinus
Authors: MacGeorge Penny 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter attempts to reconstruct the career of Marcellinus from the 450s to his death in AD 468. Previous reconstructions have used as a starting point the few lines of Marcellinus found in Procopius' account of the expedition against the Vandals. Based on this evidence, most historians assumed that Marcellinus was an officer of the western Roman army in Dalmatia. The chapter takes a new approach, initially disregarding Procopius' information on Marcellinus and using other sources to produce a reconstruction which will be considered against the Procopius material.
9 Traces of the Kingdom of Soissons in the Merovingian Period
Authors: MacGeorge Penny 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter explores whether there is any retrospective evidence in the early Merovingian period for the previous existence of a Gallo-Roman kingdom or enclave, based on Soissons. It is shown that there is only slight evidence from the Merovingian period for an earlier Roman enclave extending across North Gaul. However, the importance of the city of Soissons in the 6th century and the existence of royal estates in its territory indicate that a significant sub-Roman political base did exist in Soissons, though its geographical area may be smaller than envisaged by conventional models.
10 The Military Forces of Aegidius and Syagrius
Authors: MacGeorge Penny 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter discusses the nature of the forces which Aegidius and Syagrius commanded. According to Priscus, Aegidius commanded a ‘large force’, and this was confirmed by his ability to threaten an invasion of Italy and resist Visigoths. The possible signs of evidence for Aegidius' military strength are: the Gallic field army, other units of imperial forces left in Gaul, the troops gathered by Majorian to attack Gaiseric, and unofficial recruitment of barbarians or Gallo-Romans.
14 Ricimer and the Reigns of Libius Severus, Anthemius, and Olybrius
Authors: MacGeorge Penny 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter discusses Ricimer and his relationships with Libius Severus, Anthemius, and Olybrius. Ricimer assumed a new and unprecedented role — that of a ‘kingmaker’ — following the death of Majorian. Ricimer set up a figurehead emperor, Libius Severus, while retaining real power for himself.
5 The Demosthenes Scholia
Authors: Heath Malcolm 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter presents a source-critical analysis of the scholia (explanatory notes) found in the medieval manuscripts of Demosthenes. These scholia are based on remnants of commentaries composed in late antiquity. It is shown that the scholia have been transmitted in three main strands of tradition. A lightly redacted version of Menander’s commentary is the sole source of one strand. In the other two strands, material derived from Menander has been combined with material from other commentators: one of these commentators was probably Zosimus (fifth century AD), the other is unidentified. Some material, which is identified as Menander’s, is attributed to Ulpian in manuscript superscriptions. The identity of this Ulpian and the nature of his contribution to the formation of the scholia is unknown.
Perceptual Models of First‐Person Reference
Authors: O'Brien Lucy 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter examines Evans's account of first-person reference and finds it unsatisfactory. It argues that to the extent that an account of first-person reference assumes that the referent of ‘I’ is fixed by perceptual information — which is the essential claim of a perceptual account — the account will be subject to the possibility of coherent and comprehending uses of ‘I’ surviving the absence or disturbance of such information. In order to block such a possibility, a tight conceptual dependence between our currently being able to refer to ourselves and our having available accurate perceptual information to identify the person we are would be needed.
The Agency Account
Authors: O'Brien Lucy 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter focuses on developing an account of first-person reference, which draws on the insights of the two-tier strategy but denies that first-person reference is equivocal. It seeks to make plausible that the form of the account offered, in terms of the joint operation of SRR and a primitive form of self-awareness we have as agents (agent's awareness), is of a kind that can explain first-person reference.
British Management since the 1940s
Authors: Wilson John F. , Thomson Andrew 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMany of the drivers and the four themes examined in this book changed from a negative to a positive orientation during the period discussed in this chapter. By the 21st century, management had achieved a much enhanced status and the number of managers had almost quadrupled. Of particular importance are the widespread use of consultancy, moves towards internalization, improved management systems, the growth of staff and functional cadres, increased professionalism, the assertion of control in employment relations, and rapid structural change, including an increasing influence of the City. In broad terms, there was a persistence of pre-war characteristics up to the 1950s, significant change in the 1960s and 1970s, and the completion and consolidation of change in the 1980s and 1990s, resulting in the emergence of managerial capitalism and the substantial dominance of the M-form structure in large-scale organizations.
Introduction Flavius Josephus and Flavian Rome
Authors: Edmondson Jonathan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis introductory chapter begins by surveying the political career of Yosef ben Mattityahu, who became T(itus) Flavius Josephus after being granted Roman citizenship by Vespasian in 71. It then charts his literary career as a diaspora Jew writing in the city of Rome, outlining briefly the aims and scope of his works. A consideration of the political and literary history of Rome in the Flavian period provides the crucial context for a better understanding of Josephus as author. The introduction lays out the main aims of the volume and then summarizes the points of convergence and areas of disagreement to be found in the chapters that follow, illustrating how the volume makes an original contribution to the study of both Flavian Rome and one of its main authors T. Flavius Josephus.
Flavian Religious Policy and the Destruction of the Jerusalem Temple
Authors: Rives James 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem, looking at it from the point of view of Flavian religious policies. Vespasian and Titus were fully aware of the ramifications of the destruction. In Roman religious terms, their actions would result in the elimination of the major cult centre of the Jews. The removal of the chief cult objects (the menorah, the table, and the sacred vessels) to Rome symbolized the end of the cult in Jerusalem, and emphasized the notion — found in Josephus — that the Jewish God had abandoned his people and gone over to the Roman side. In some senses this amounted to a sort of evocatio of a foreign deity, as so often occurred when Roman armies captured enemy cities. Vespasian was keen to close down cult centres that he considered potential focal points for further Jewish resistance against Rome.