bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐concept, achievement and occupation in gifted Taiwanese adolescents
Authors: Kao Chih‐Chuan , Kellegrew Diane Hammon 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe education of gifted adolescents that underachieve is a significant problem that impacts on the child's educational opportunities and possible career trajectory. Many researchers propose that a child's self‐concept is predictive of academic achievement. Using an occupational science paradigm, this study examined the notion that an adolescent's self‐concept and academic achievement are also related to the types and time expended in occupation. Eighteen gifted achieving and under‐achieving Taiwanese junior high school students completed the Multidimensional Self‐concept Scale and a time diary for one week in the summer. The results indicated that self‐concept, achievement and time expended in academic occupations are positively related. Furthermore, there are differences between these two groups of students in the time expended in academic and social activities. The study has cross‐cultural implications regarding the time use of young Taiwanese teens. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The perception of occupational therapy by special school teachers in Hong Kong
Authors: Chow Susanna Mei‐Kum , Chung Jenny Ching‐Ching 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTeachers are the main partners of pediatric occupational therapists in special schools. Their understanding of occupational therapy influences the provision of occupational therapy programmes in schools. Two hundred and sixty‐three special school teachers were surveyed about their perception of occupational therapy in four areas: definition of occupational therapy, occupational therapists' clientele, domain of concern, and treatment media. Results showed a poor understanding. The majority of respondents did not recognise the contribution of occupational therapists' in the treatment of children with mental handicap or emotional difficulties. More than half of the respondents knew neither occupational therapists domain of concern nor the treatment media. Occupational therapists were seen to work solely with children with physically disabilities in the aspects of work and home related functions. The best known role of occupational therapists was prescription of aids and equipment. The results indicated that occupational therapists should direct their effort to educate and promote occupational therapy to other professionals and to the public. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Occupational therapy in hospital based care in the Netherlands: a comparison of occupational therapy in general care (nursing homes, rehabilitation centres and general hospitals) and psychiatric care
Authors: Driessen Marie‐Jose , Dekker Joost , Van Der Zee Jouke , Lankhorst Gustaaf 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjective: to investigate (1) whether differences in occupational therapy practice exist between general and psychiatric care and (2) whether differences in occupational therapy practice exist between general care settings. The four most common settings where occupational therapists work in the Netherlands (nursing homes, rehabilitation centres, general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals) were studied.Method: a total of 143 therapists, working in 49 occupational therapy departments, participated in this study. They collected data on 1051 patients. For each patient a standard registration form, based on the International Classification of Impairments Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) was filled out. This form contained information about (i) patient characteristics (ii) occupational therapy diagnosis and treatment goals in terms of ICIDH and (iii) treatment characteristics.Results and conclusions: occupational therapy treatment goals and interventions showed clear differences between psychiatric and general care settings. The differences in occupational therapy practice across general care settings were small. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Discriminant validity of the Developmental Test of Visual Perception–2 for children with learning disabilities
Authors: Moryosef‐Ittah Sol , Hinojosa Jim 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis study examined the discriminant validity of the Developmental Test of Visual Perception‐2 (DTVP‐2). It was administered to 17 children between the ages 7 and 10 with learning disabilities. Their scores were compared with the reported scores of the normative sample and found to be significantly lower, suggesting that the DTVP‐2 can discriminate between children with and without learning disabilities on the variable of visual perception. The study supports the use of the DTVP‐2 to assess the visual‐perceptual abilities of children with learning disabilities. Further research is suggested to corroborate findings. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A review of functional assessment measures for paediatric clients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Brown G. Ted 
Published: March 2006

AbstractJuvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a frequent source of chronic illness and disability in childhood. Traditional clinical assessment of clients with JRA include measures of joint deformity, range of motion, duration of morning stiffness, pain and strength. In many instances, these traditional measures have little or no significance or relevance to paediatric clients and their parents whereas functional skills used in every day living are more likely to be meaningful. Reliable, valid and sensitive measures of function are an essential part of the holistic care and occupational therapy management of paediatric clients with JRA. Several self‐report functional instruments are now available which measure a child's or adolescent's functional abilities. In this paper, the impact of JRA on functional development, JRA and functional assessment and specific types of functional measures that occupational therapy personnel can use with clients with JRA will be discussed. It is imperative to identify which functional measures can be effectively used in the clinical setting with paediatric clients diagnosed with JRA. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Princess or tyrant: a case report of a child with sensory defensiveness
Authors: Kinnealey Moya 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe case report of Carrie describes a 3‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old girl with sensory defensiveness. Social, emotional and behavioural problems related to this condition interfered with her assuming age‐appropriate roles and learning pre‐school skills. She responded well to occupational therapy using a sensory integration approach. Particular attention had to be paid to Carrie's anxiety, need for control, and the family dynamics that occur with this type of disability. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Case report of a child with sensory integration dysfunction
Authors: Reeves Gretchen Dahl 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis case report describes a 6‐year‐old boy with delays in fine motor skills, low frustration level, poor eating behaviour, low self‐esteem, unusual fears and increased sensitivity to tactile, visual and auditory stimuli. Formal evaluation on the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) revealed decreased somatosensory processing and discrimination, immature postural reactions and poor motor planning. Intervention addressed concerns primarily through the sensory integration model of practice. A 9‐month intervention period where one‐to‐one therapy was provided each week facilitated improvement in all areas of concern. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Research utilization models: frameworks for implementing evidence‐based occupational therapy practice
Authors: Brown G Ted , Rodger Sylvia 
Published: March 2006

AbstractEvidence‐based practice is an important step in the professional evolution of occupational therapy and also provides the means for state‐of‐the‐art innovative clinical service for clients. An essential step in incorporating innovations and developments into clinical practice is through research utilization. Nine models of research utilization developed in the literature are reviewed and critiqued. These are: (1) the Conduct and Utilization of Research in Nursing (CURN) Project; (2) the Stetler‐Marram Model; (3) the University of North Carolina Approach; (4) the Innovation Diffusion Process Model; (5) Killeen's Matrix of Research Activity; (6) the Iowa Model of Research In Practice; (7) the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education In Nursing Project; (8) the Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training Project; and (9) the Linkage Model. Research utilization models provide a framework for collaboration and the necessary conditions for research utilization activities to be successful. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Cross‐cultural awareness and occupational therapy education
Authors: Yuen Hon Keung , Yau Matthew K 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOccupational therapy educators across the USA are designing curricula to enhance future therapists' cultural competence, in order to meet the increasing demands of serving clients from a variety of cultural backgrounds. Curricula based on an experiential learning approach to increase multicultural awareness and sensitivity have been advocated in the literature. This study describes the use of a cultural interview experience with first‐year occupational therapy students and the impact of the experience on increasing students' cultural awareness, sensitivity and attitude towards another ethnic group. As part of their course assignment, students were required to interview someone who either originated from another country, or had spent at least 10 years in a foreign country. Most students interviewed international students on campus; the ethnic background of the interviewees was very diverse, and included European, South American, African, Middle Eastern and Asian backgrounds. Forty‐two students provided written feedback after their interview. Content analysis showed that more than 70% of the students said the interview had a positive effect on their awareness of another cultural group; and about 45% said the interview had a positive effect on their sensitivity and attitude towards another culture. Some ethnocentric views still existed among some students. It is concluded that experiential learning in the form of interviewing an individual of another ethnic background can have a positive impact on awareness of and, to a certain extent, on sensitivity and attitude toward another cultural group. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Occupational therapy in mental health: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Lloyd Chris , Kanowski Helen , Maas Frikkie 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe National Mental Health Policy and National Mental Health Plan published in 1992 provided directions for the reform of mental health services in Australia. They stated that mental health services should be part of the mainstream health system and that integrated mental health programmes should be developed to cover the full range of specialist mental health services, focusing on improved quality of service, the consumers, equity of access, continuity of care and redistribution of resources. The Queensland Mental Health Plan published in 1994 set out specific objectives and strategies for implementing mental health service reform in Queensland. In Queensland there has been a concentration on developing core mental health services involving the reorientation of service delivery from institutions to the community, based on the principles of integration, mainstreaming and regional self‐sufficiency. Major restructuring of mental health services is taking place, which has meant changes in service development, organizational structures and work practices. There has been a significant impact on the roles and skills required by the mental health workforce in the context of today's mental health services climate. There is a focus on staff providing individualized assessment and continuing treatment using a case management approach, within a continuum of care. Implications for occupational therapists include developing a generic skill base in preparation for broad‐spectrum mental health professional roles while maintaining their professional identity. It is recommended that research be conducted to examine the capacity of occupational therapists to adapt to the changing mental health environment. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Poly‐1‐butene/clay nanocomposite effect of compatibilizers on thermal and fire retardant properties
Authors: Bocchini Sergio , Frache Alberto , Camino Giovanni , Costantini Enrico , Ferrara Giuseppe , Fatinel Fabiana 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIsotactic poly‐1‐butene was melt blended with montmorillonite modified with di‐methyl di‐hydrogentallow ammonium ion. Maleic anhydride grafted poly(propylene) or poly(ethylene‐co‐vinylacetate) were used as compatibilizers. Thermal and fire retardant behavior of the polymer matrix were enhanced by the attitude of clay to form a thermally stable protecting physical barrier on the surface of the decomposing polymer material. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney in a child
Authors: Maeda Miho , Tsuda Akio , Yamanishi Shingo , Uchikoba Yoko , Fukunaga Yoshitaka , Okita Hajime , Hata Jun‐ichi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA 6‐year‐old female was admitted with abdominal pain and a mass in the right abdomen. Her lactose dehydrogenase level was 1,200 IU/L, and neuron specific enolase was 120 ng/ml. Computed tomography scan confirmed a large right renal mass with necrosis. A right radical nephrectomy was performed. The tumor was completely encapsulated. Based on small round cell histology, strong MIC‐2 (CD99) positive tumor cells, and EWS‐FLI‐1 fusion transcript, Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney was diagnosed. Induction and follow‐up with seven cycles of chemotherapy were given after surgery. She has had no evidence of recurrence 90 months from diagnosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:180–183. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of poly(vinyl chloride)‐b‐poly(n‐butyl acrylate)‐b‐poly(vinyl chloride) by the competitive single‐electron‐transfer/degenerative‐chain‐transfer‐mediated living radical polymerization in water
Authors: Coelho Jorge F. J. , Silva Ana M. F. P. , Popov Anatoliy V. , Percec Virgil , Abreu Mariana V. , Gonçalves Pedro M. O. F. , Gil M. H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of a block copolymer poly(vinyl chloride)‐b‐poly(n‐butyl acrylate)‐b‐poly(vinyl chloride) is reported. This new material was synthesized by single‐electron‐transfer/degenerative‐chain‐transfer‐mediated living radical polymerization (SET‐DTLRP) in two steps. First, a bifunctional macroinitiator of α,ω‐di(iodo)poly (butyl acrylate) [α,ω‐di(iodo)PBA] was synthesized by SET‐DTLRP in water at 25 °C. The macroinitiator was further reinitiated by SET‐DTLRP, leading to the formation of the desired product. This ABA block copolymer was synthesized with high initiator efficiency. The kinetics of the copolymerization reaction was studied for two PBA macroinitiators with number–average molecular weight of 10 k and 20 k. The relationship between the conversion and the number–average molecular weight was found to be linear. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis suggests just one phase, indicating that copolymer behaves as a single material with no phase separation. This methodology provides the access to several block copolymers and other complex architectures that result from combinations of thermoplastics (PVC) and elastomers (PBA). From industrial standpoint, this process is attractive, because of easy experimental setup and the environmental friendly reaction medium. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3001–3008, 2006
Frontal free‐radical copolymerization of urethane–acrylates
Authors: Hu Ting , Chen Su , Tian Yuan , Pojman John A. , Chen Li 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe report the first synthesis of urethane–acrylate copolymers via free‐radical frontal polymerization. In a typical run, the appropriate amounts of the reactants (urethane–acrylate macromonomer and 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) and initiator (ammonium persulfate) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Frontal polymerization was initiated by the heating of the wall of the tube with a soldering iron, and the resultant hot fronts were allowed to self‐propagate throughout the reaction vessel. Once it was initiated, no further energy was required for the polymerization to occur. The dependence of the front velocity and front temperature on the initiator concentration was investigated. The front temperatures were between 55 and 65 °C, depending on the persulfate concentration. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the urethane–acrylate copolymers had higher thermal stability than pure frontally prepared polyurethane. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3018–3024, 2006
Nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of styrene‐[ethylene‐(ethylene‐propylene)]‐styrene block copolymer
Authors: Zheng Qiang , Wang Wanjie , Yu Qiuming , Yu Jei , He Li , Tan Hong 
Published: March 2006

AbstractStudies on the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of styrene‐[ethylene‐(ethylene‐propylene)]‐styrene block copolymer (SEEPS) were carried out. The nonlinear viscoelastic region was determined through dynamic strain sweep test, and the critical shear strain (γc) of transition from linear viscoelastic region to nonlinear viscoealstic region was obtained. The relaxation time and modulus corresponding to the characteristic relaxation modes were also acquired through simulating the linear relaxation modulus curves using Maxwell model, and the damping functions were evaluated. Meanwhile, it is found that the nonlinear relaxation modulus obtained at relatively low shear strains follows the strain–time separation principle, and the damping function of SEEPS can be fit to Laun double exponential model well. Moreover, the successive start‐up of shear behavior, the steady shear behavior, and the relaxation behavior after steady shear were investigated, respectively. The results showed that Wagner model, derived from the K‐BKZ (Kearsley‐Bernstein, Kearsley, Zapas) constitutive equation, could simulate the experiment data well, and in addition, experiment data under the lower shear rates are almost identical with the fitting data, but there exists some deviation for data under considerable high shear rates. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1309–1319, 2006
Are lower airway or throat cultures predictive of sinus bacteriology in cystic fibrosis?
Authors: Muhlebach Marianne S. , Miller Melissa B. , Moore Charity , Wedd Joel P. , Drake Amelia F. , Leigh Margaret W. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe choice of antibiotics for sinusitis in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is empirical or based on lower airway cultures, because sinus cultures are difficult to obtain. The aim of this study was to identify the main organisms cultured from CF children with chronic sinusitis, and to evaluate the concordance of concomitant sinus, oropharyngeal swab (OP), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cultures. OP and BALF cultures were done preoperatively, and sinus cultures were obtained during clinically indicated sinus surgery. The genetic identity of the bacteria was compared if the same organisms were present in upper and lower airway cultures. In total, 45 paired sinus‐BALF cultures from 31 patients were included. Twenty‐four of these had matched OP cultures. The mean age of patients was 9.5 ± 4.3 years, and 19 patients were ΔF508 homozygous. Bacterial sinus infection was present in 96%, caused by S. aureus (49%), P. aeruginosa (42%), and H. influenzae (22%). The diagnostic accuracy of BALF or OP cultures was low in predicting sinus infection, particularly at younger ages. Positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of BALF for P. aeruginosa infection were 65% and 67%, and for S. aureus, 76% and 63%, respectively. Predictive values for OP cultures were similar. Bacterial species were the same in sinus and OP or BALF samples of 12 patients of these bacteria 83% showed genetic identity. We conclude that S. aureus is an important pathogen in pediatric CF sinusitis, and that BALF or oropharyngeal cultures are poor predictors for organisms present in the sinuses. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006; 41:445–451. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validation of the screening instrument for neuropsychological impairment in stroke
Authors: Sodring Karen Margrethe , Laake Knut , Sveen Unni , Wyller Torgeir Bruun , Bautz‐Holter Erik 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground and PurposeFull neuropsychological assessment is time‐consuming and exhausting for the patient in the early phase of stroke. The screening instrument for neuropsychological impairment in stroke (SINS) is a brief, bedside‐applicable instrument designed to screen perceptual and cognitive dysfunction related to functional activities in stroke. It has been developed by physiotherapists to be incorporated in the general assessment of the patient. This study evaluates the validity of the method against a more extensive reference method assessing cognitive function.Methods and ResultsAn unselected group of hospitalized stroke patients (N=87) was assessed 10 days and 12 months after stroke. Factor analyses (52% explained variance), identified three factors: ‘aphasia’, ‘apraxia’ and ‘visuocognitive dysfunction’. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves demonstrated that for all factors, high specificity was maintained at the high sensitivity needed for a screening method. Kendall rank correlation coefficients between the scorings on the new instrument and the reference method were high. Effect size analysis showed that the ability of the new instrument to detect change in cognitive functioning during the first year was of the same magnitude as the reference method.ConclusionsSINS has a high sensitivity regarding cognitive dysfunction, as diagnosed by the more comprehensive and time‐consuming reference method. The instrument would be useful as an initial step in the assessment of neuropsychological impairment in stroke patients. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.