bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper(II) Oligomeric Derivatives for Deposition of Copper Thin Films
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Tahir Asif Ali , Hamid Mazhar , Mazhar Muhammad , Zeller Matthias , Molloy Kieran C. , Hunter Allen D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHomobi‐, ‐tri‐ and ‐tetranuclear copper(II) oligomeric complexes, [Cu(dmap)(OAc)(H2O)]2·H2O (1), [Cu3(dmae)3(acac)2Cl] (2) and [Cu(dmae)(TFA)]4 (3), have been prepared by reacting Cu(OAc)2·H2O with dmapH, [Cu(dmae)Cl]4 with Na(acac) and Cu(dmae)2 with Cu(TFA)2 [dmae = (N,N‐dimethylamino)ethanolate, dmap = (N,N‐dimethylamino)propanolate, TFA = trifluoroacetate, and acac = 2,4‐pentanedionate], respectively and characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, FT‐IR and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The crystal analysis shows that bi‐ (1) and trinuclear (2) complexes crystallize in the triclinic, while the tetranuclear complex 3 belongs to the monoclinic crystal system. TGA and AACVD experiments prove that the complexes undergo facile thermal decomposition in the temperature range 300–460 °C to deposit thin films of pure copper metal. The SEM and XRD analyses of the thin films suggest the formation of Cu crystallites with grain sizes of 100–340 nm (for 1), 75.4–90.8 nm (for 2 and 3). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photophysical Properties of Novel (Monophthalocyaninato)lanthanide Complexes Stabilized by an Organometallic Tripodal Ligand
Authors: Ke Hanzhong , Wong Wai‐Kwok , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Tam Hoi‐Lam , Poon Chun‐Ting , Jiang Fenglei 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAn unprecedented series of (monophthalocyaninato)lanthanide(III) complexes {[PcYb(LOMe)] (3) and [(tBu)4PcLn(LOMe)] [Ln = Yb (4), Er (5)]} {Pc = phthalocyaninate, LOMe– = [(cyclopentadienyl)tris(dimethylphosphito)cobaltate(III)]} were prepared by the reaction of Ln[N(SiMe3)2]3·[LiCl(THF)3]x (Ln = Yb or Er) with the corresponding phthalocyanine [H2Pc and H2(tBu)4Pc] followed by Na(LOMe). X‐ray structural analysis of 3 reveals that the Yb3+ ion is seven‐coordinate, surrounded by four nitrogen atoms from the phthalocyaninate dianion and three oxygen atoms from the anionic tripodal LOMe– ligand. The photophysical properties of these new mixed‐metal (monophthalocyaninato)lanthanide complexes are investigated. An efficient intramolecular energy transfer from ligand‐centered states to the metal ion manifold or metal‐centered states takes place for the Er3+ complex, but there is a significant back‐energy transfer for the Yb3+ complex. Singlet oxygen (1O2) phosphorescence was detected instead of the Yb3+ emission in the photoluminescence spectra of 3 and 4 in the NIR region, but only the Er3+ ion emission was observed for 5. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Diphenic Acid‐Based Cobalt(II) Complexes: Trinuclear and Double‐Helical Structures
Authors: Malaestean Iurii L. , Speldrich Manfred , Baca Svetlana G. , Ellern Arkady , Schilder Helmut , Kögerler Paul 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe linear trinuclear complex [Co3(dpa)2(Hdpa)2(1‐MeIm)2(H2O)2] (1) and the two‐dimensional coordination polymer [Co2(dpa)2(pyz)]n (2; H2dpa = diphenic acid, 1‐MeIm = 1‐methylimidazole, pyz = pyrazine) exemplify the versatile coordination chemistry of diphenic acid in conjunction with N‐donor ligands. Complex 1 consists of a discrete arrangement of three CoII atoms bridged by four diphenate ligands, whereas complex 2 contains a network of dinuclear CoII units bridged by two diphenate ligands to form double‐helical chains, which are further connected via pyrazine molecules into two‐dimensional sheets. A magnetochemical analysis of these complexes reveals both strong ligand field effects on the CoII 4F free ion ground state and ferro‐ and antiferromagnetic exchange contributions mediated by the dpa ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Structure and Reactivity of Dinitrogen Rhodium Complexes Containing N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands
Authors: Praetorius Jeremy M. , Wang Ruiyao , Crudden Cathleen M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe rhodium bis‐carbene complex [Rh(IPr)2(N2)Cl], where IPr = 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene, has been synthesized and characterized. The complex is a rare example of a four‐coordinate rhodium complex featuring nitrogen bound end‐on. While quite stable as a solid under inert atmosphere, in solution the N2 ligand has been found to be quite labile. This lability has been exploited in the synthesis of complexes with the formula [Rh(IPr)2(XY)Cl], where XY = O2, H2 and CO. Interestingly, the dihydride coordination leads to oxidation of the metal centre to RhIII, even though previous studies from our lab have shown that Rh remains in the +1 oxidation state upon coordination of dioxygen. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Catalytic Enantioselective Aza‐Henry Reactions
Authors: Marqués‐López Eugenia , Merino Pedro , Tejero Tomás , Herrera Raquel P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAsymmetric aza‐Henry reactions provide excellent routes for the synthesis of optically active organic compounds bearing two vicinal different nitrogenated functionalities that can be further transformed into a variety of interesting compounds such as 1,2‐diamines or α‐amino acids. The catalytic asymmetric version of the reaction (also called the nitro‐Mannich reaction) provides highly efficient access to enantiomerically pure compounds. Both metal‐based and organic catalysts can be used to promote these reactions in a enantioselective way; in particular, a great variety of different organocatalysts – including thioureas, N‐oxides, quaternary ammonium salts and chiral Brønsted acids – have demonstrated their efficiency, as has recently been reported by several research groups. In addition, considerable effort is being made in controlling the syn/anti diastereoselectivities of these reactions when substituted nitroalkanes are used as substrates. In this microreview recent advances, including scope and limitations, are discussed and applications of different catalytic systems for catalytic asymmetric aza‐Henry reactions are presented.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Continuous particle separation by size via AC‐dielectrophoresis using a lab‐on‐a‐chip device with 3‐D electrodes
Authors: Çetin Barbaros , Kang Yuejun , Wu Zhemin , Li Dongqing 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel, simple lab‐on‐a‐chip device for continuous separation of particles by size. The device is composed of a straight rectangular microchannel connecting two inlet reservoirs and two exit reservoirs. Two asymmetric, 3‐D electrodes are embedded along the channel wall to generate a non‐uniform electrical field for dielectrophoresis. Particles with different sizes are collected at the different exit reservoirs. Main flow is induced by pressure difference between the inlet and the exit reservoirs. The device is used successfully for the separation of the 5 and 10 μm latex particles and for the separation of yeast cells and white blood cells. A numerical simulation based on Lagrangian tracking method is used to simulate the particle motion and the results showed a good agreement with the experimental data.
Capillary electrophoretic and computational study of the complexation of valinomycin with rubidium cation
Authors: Ehala Sille , Dybal Jiří , Makrlík Emanuel , Kašička Václav 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis study is focused on the characterization of interactions of valinomycin (Val), a macrocyclic dodecadepsipeptide antibiotic ionophore, with rubidium cation, Rb+. Capillary affinity electrophoresis was employed for the experimental evaluation of the strength of the Val–Rb+ complex. The study involved the measurement of the change of effective electrophoretic mobility of Val at increasing concentration of Rb+ cation in the BGE. From the dependence of Val effective electrophoretic mobility on the Rb+ cation concentration in the BGE (methanolic solution of 100 mM Tris, 50 mM acetic acid, 0−1 mM RbCl), the apparent binding (stability) constant (Kb) of the Val–Rb+ complex in methanol was evaluated as log Kb=4.63±0.27. According to the quantum mechanical density functional theory calculations employed to predict the most probable structure of Val–Rb+ complex, Val is stabilized by strong non‐covalent bond interactions of Rb+ with six ester carbonyl oxygen atoms so that the position of the “central” Rb+ cation in the Val cage is symmetric.
Formation, uplift and dissection of planation surfaces at passive continental margins – a new approach
Authors: Japsen Peter , Bonow Johan M. , Green Paul F. , Chalmers James A. , Lidmar‐Bergström Karna 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe usefulness of large‐scale, low‐relief, high‐level landscapes as markers of uplift events has become a subject of disagreement among geomorphologists. We argue that the formation of low‐relief surfaces over areas of large extent and cutting across bedrock of different age and resistance must have been guided by distinct base levels. In the absence of other options the most likely base level is sea level. We have analysed West Greenland landscapes in a recent study by combining the cooling history from apatite fission‐track analysis (AFTA) data with the denudation history from landscape analysis and the stratigraphic record. An important difference between our approach and that of classical geomorphology is that we now have the ability to document when thick sections of rocks have been deposited and then removed. The present‐day high‐level plateau in West Greenland is the remnant of a planation surface that was formed by denudation that lasted c. 20 million years during which up to 1 km of cover was removed after maximum burial at the Eocene–Oligocene transition. Here we present additional AFTA data to show that the planation surface is the end‐product of Cenozoic denudation even in basement areas and argue that Phanerozoic sediments – most likely of Cretaceous–Palaeogene age – must have been present prior to denudation. The planation surface was offset by reactivated faults and uplifted to present‐day altitudes of up to 2 km. The uplift occurred in two late Neogene phases that caused incision of valleys below the planation surface and their subsequent uplift. We therefore find that the elevated and deeply dissected plateau is evidence of episodic post‐rift uplift that took place millions of years after cessation of sea‐floor spreading west of Greenland. We suggest that other margins with similar morphology may also be characterized by episodic post‐rift uplift unrelated to the processes of rifting and continental separation, rather than being permanently uplifted since the time of rifting, as is commonly assumed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The surface archaeological record in arid Australia: Geomorphic controls on preservation, exposure, and visibility
Authors: Fanning Patricia C. , Holdaway Simon J. , Rhodes Ed J. , Bryant Tessa G. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe conventional approach to assessing the archaeological record in most parts of the world involves a combination of excavation of stratified deposits and extensive survey of surface deposits. Although widely applied in Australia, in both research‐based and management archaeology, the method does not conform well to the nature of the surface archaeological record here. Over much of semi‐arid and arid Australia, archaeological “sites” are, in fact, accretion phenomena that are not easily interpreted as the outcome of short‐term behavioral events. Using results from twelve years of geoarchaeological research in western New South Wales, we demonstrate that there is considerable variability in landsurface age, and hence the “availability” of archaeological surfaces, over relatively short distances. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that stone artifact deposits, for example, that appear to be similar in character are of similar age. Data are also presented that demonstrate that the presence of artifacts on the surface, their apparent absence in sediments buried beneath the surface, and the apparent recent ubiquity of the archaeological record are all a function of geomorphic processes that, at the same time, expose some artifact deposits at the surface and erode and bury others amid large volumes of sediment. Interpreting the surface artifact record within a spatial and temporal geomorphic framework is crucial to understanding the past human behavior that the artifact deposits represent. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Luminescence dating of historical fluvial deposits from the Danube and Ebro
Authors: Fiebig Markus , Preusser Frank , Steffen Damian , Thamó‐Bozsó Edit , Grabner Michael , Lair Georg J. , Gerzabek Martin H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe validity of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) has been tested on known‐age (historical) fluvial deposits along the rivers Danube (Austria) and Ebro (Spain). As partial bleaching of the OSL signal prior to deposition can interfere with correct age estimates, different approaches to extracting the dose accumulated during burial are compared. Using the finite mixture model gave OSL ages that are internally as well as stratigraphically consistent and in agreement with independent age control. According to these results, fluvial deposition at the Danube River study site can be attributed to different periods ranging from Bronze Age to the 18th century A.D. Fluvial deposits of Roman age and of the late 17th or early 18th century A.D. were found at the Ebro River study site. This is consistent with the morphological subdivision of the valleys and encourages further investigation of the fluvial and archaeological history of the study areas using OSL. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A full classification of the completek‐arcs of PG(2,23) and PG(2,25)
Authors: Coolsaet K. , Sticker H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA full classification (up to equivalence) of all completek‐arcs in the Desarguesian projective planes of order 23 and 25 was obtained by computer. The algorithm used is an application of isomorph‐free backtracking using canonical augmentation, as introduced by McKay, which we have adapted to the case of subset generation in Desarguesian projective planes. We have applied two variants of the same algorithm, and both techniques yield exactly the same results. Earlier (partial) results by other authors onk‐arcs in PG(2, q) withq⩽25, are reproduced by our programs. We describe those parts of the algorithms which are relevant to the particular problem of generatingk‐arcs and which have made this project feasible. We also list the number of complete arcs in PG(2, 23) and PG(2, 25) according to size of the arc and type of the automorphism group. Explicit descriptions are given for the arcs with the larger automorphism groups. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 17: 459–477, 2009
Aldosterone regulates cellular turnover and mitogen‐activated protein kinase family expression in the neonatal rat kidney
Authors: Yim Hyung Eun , Yoo Kee Hwan , Bae In Sun , Jang Gi Young , Hong Young Sook , Lee Joo Won 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGrowing evidence indicates that aldosterone is a potent mitogenic signal regulating genes involved in antiapoptosis, cell proliferation and growth. We investigated the role of endogenous aldosterone in renal development, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) family expression. Newborn rats were treated with either spironolactone (200 mg/kg/d) in olive oil or only olive oil for 7 days. TUNEL assay and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) stain were performed on kidney sections. Immunoblots, immunohistochemical (IHC) stain, and reverse transcriptase‐PCR for MAPKs were performed. PCNA‐positive proliferating cells decreased and apoptotic cells increased significantly with spironolactone (P < 0.05). In the spironolactone‐treated group, c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)‐2 expression increased, whereas extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)‐2 and p38 expressions decreased in immunoblots (P < 0.05) and IHC stain. ERK‐2 and p38 mRNA expressions increased in the spironolactone‐treated group (P < 0.05). This study demonstrates that aldosterone blockade in the developing kidney decreases cellular proliferation, increases apoptosis, and modulates the expressions of JNK‐2, ERK‐2, and p38. Aldosterone possibly participates in renal development and MAPK family may serve as, in part, the signaling intermediate through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the developing kidney. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 724–733, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Demonstration of high lateral resolution in laser confocal microscopy using annular and radially polarized light
Authors: Kim Jeongyong , Kim Dae‐Chul , Back Seng‐Hun 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe authors present the experimental result of improved lateral resolution in laser confocal microscopy (LCM) by using annular and radially polarized light as the input illumination of an existing LCM. The authors examined the lateral resolution of the LCM by imaging a single fluorescent bead and measuring the lateral width of the single bead profile appearing in the optical image. Compared to no aperture and linearly polarized light, the central peak of the single bead profile narrowed by ∼40%, being as small as 122 nm in full width at half maximum using 405 nm laser excitation in a reflection imaging. In addition, the authors showed that radial polarization helps to preserve the circular shape of the single bead profile whereas linearly polarized light tends to induce an elongation along the polarization direction. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seasonal flexibility of organ mass and intestinal function for the Andean lizard Liolaemus nigroviridis
Authors: Naya Daniel E. , Veloso Claudio , Sabat Pablo , Bozinovic Francisco 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOne of the most fundamental questions in organismal ecology is how animals work in a continuously changing environment. In order to contribute to the current understanding of this question, this study evaluated seasonal changes in digestive enzymes activities, organs size, and energy reserves in Liolaemus nigroviridis, a medium‐size lizard that inhabit extreme environments in the Andes range. We found that digestive enzymes (trehalase, maltase, and aminopeptidase‐N) hydrolytic activities, dry masses of digestive organs and liver, and energy reserve (dry mass of fat bodies and tail energy density) were greater during summer than during winter months. By contrast, dry mass of the kidneys, lungs, heart, and gonads were greater during winter (though significance was reach only for the last two organs). In summary, obtained results reinforce the idea that hibernation is connected with phenotypic adjustments at different organizational levels, which in turn, potentially affects rates of energy acquisition and expenditure, organisms' fitness, and, ultimately, ecological and evolutionary success of species living in highly seasonal environments. We suggest that, owing to the pressing need to explain and predict the impact of climatic change on the biota, more studies destined to determine the levels and limits of physiological flexibility are necessary. J. Exp. Zool. 311A:270–277, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of substituted 4‐(5‐alkyl‐thiazol‐2‐ylmethyl)‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazines and 5‐(2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐4‐ylmethyl)‐4‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐ylamine
Authors: Mizar Pushpak , Myrboh Bekington 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
magnified imageSubstituted 4‐(5‐alkyl‐thiazol‐2‐ylmethyl)‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazines and 5‐(2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐4‐ylmethyl)‐4‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐ylamines were prepared by the reaction of (2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐4‐yl)‐acetic acid methyl ester and some common reagents to provide the product in satisfactory yields. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009)
Microwave‐assisted, solvent‐free synthesis of 3′‐(aryl/heteroaryl)‐1‐morpholinomethyl/piperidinomethylspiro[3H‐ indole‐3,2′‐thiazolidine]‐2,4′(1H)‐diones via 3‐isatinimines
Authors: Pandey Manju , Raghuvanshi Dushyant Singh , Singh Krishna Nand 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
magnified imageThe solvent‐free, microwave (MW)‐assisted synthesis of a new series of 3′‐(aryl/heteroaryl)‐1‐morpholinomethyl/piperidinomethylspiro[3H‐indole‐3,2′‐thiazolidine]‐2,4′(1H)‐diones has been achieved in an open vessel. Isatins 1 undergo an easy condensation with various aryl/heteroaryl amines by MW using montmorillonite K10 clay as a solid support to afford Schiff bases 2, which subsequently undergo smooth cyclization with TGA under neat MW conditions to afford the spiro thiazolidinones 3. The spiro‐compounds are made to react with morpholine/piperidine and formaldehyde to give the corresponding Mannich bases 4/5 in reasonably good yield. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Polystyrene‐supported palladium(II) ethylenediamine complex: A highly active and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of 2‐benzylimidazo[2,1‐b]pyridines through heteroannulation of acetylenic compounds
Authors: Bakherad Mohammad , Bahramian Bahram , Nasr‐Isfahani Hossein , Keivanloo Ali , Doostmohammadi Nesa 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
magnified imageThe polymer‐supported palladium(II) ethylenediamine [PS‐en‐Pd(II)] complex is a highly active catalyst for the heterocyclization that takes place during the Sonogashira reaction between an aryl iodide and 2‐amino‐1‐(2‐propynyl)pyridinium bromide. This heterogeneous palladium catalyst can readily be recovered from the reaction medium by simple filtration and reused without a significant loss in its activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Mild oxidative cyclization of sydnone‐benzoylhydrazone with lead oxide to 2,5‐disubstituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole–sydnone hybrid derivatives
Authors: Chiang Kuo‐Chen , Wong Fung Fuh , Hung Chih‐Hao , Huang Yu‐Ying , Chang Po‐Wei , Yang‐Ming Liao , Shao‐Kai Lin 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
magnified imageThe mild oxidation of sydnone‐benzoylhydrazone hybrids with lead oxide in acetic acid/dichloromethane solution inducted their intramolecular cyclization to provide the corresponding 2,5‐disubstituted‐1,3,4‐oxidiazole derivatives. The sydnone moiety has been efficient preserved for the future work in the mild oxidation. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Fast and efficient synthesis of 14C labelled benzonitriles and their corresponding acids
Authors: Schou Søren Christian 
Published: February 2009

Abstract14C‐Anthranilic acid has been prepared in a fast and efficient way in a two‐step reaction in 82% overall radiochemical yield. Thus, 2‐iodoaniline was transformed into 2‐amino‐[7‐14C]‐benzonitrile using a palladium catalyzed cyanation with zinc 14C‐cyanide. Subsequent basic hydrolysis of the cyano group afforded [7‐14C]‐anthranilic acid. The method was successfully applied to a benzophenone scaffold, 4‐iodophenol and 4‐iodobenzoic acid producing the corresponding carboxylic acids in good to excellent radiochemical yields (62–82%) and with high specific activity (1.94–1.98 GBq/mmol). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.