bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary defatted squid on cholesterol metabolism and hepatic lipogenesis in rats
Authors: Tanaka Kazunari , Ikeda Ikuo , Yoshida Hiroko , Imaizumi Katsumi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMale Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed a cholesterol‐free (Exp. 1) or cholesterol‐supplemented (Exp. 2) diet containing 20% casein (control group) or 15% defatted squid and 5% casein (defatted squid group), as protein, for 14 d. Serum and hepatic cholesterol concentrations were lower in rats fed defatted squid than in those fed casein in both cholesterol‐free (−20%, P<0.05 and −15%, P<0.05, respectively) and cholesterol‐supplemented (−25%, P<0.05 and −15%, P<0.05, respectively) diets. Hepatic triglyceride concentration was lower in the defatted squid than in the control groups in both cholesterol‐free (−51%, P<0.05) and cholesterol‐supplemented diets (−38%, P<0.01). The activities of cytosolic fatty acid synthase and the NADPH‐generating enzymes, malic enzyme and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, in the liver were lower in the defatted squid than in the control groups in both cholesterol‐free (−21%, P<0.01, −33%, P<0.05, and −33%, P<0.01, respectively) and cholesterol‐supplemented diets (−34%, P<0.05, −57%, P<0.05, and −67%, P<0.05, respectively). The activity of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase in the liver was comparable between the control and defatted squid groups. The activity of Mg2+‐dependent phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in the liver cytosol was lower in the defatted squid (−9%, P<0.05) than in the control groups only in the cholesterol‐free diet. Fecal excretion of total steroids was stimulated by the feeding of defatted squid in both cholesterol‐free (+77%, P<0.005) and cholesterol‐supplemented diets (+29%, P<0.01). These results suggest that the nonlipid fraction of squid exerts a hypocholesterolemic effect by increasing the excretion of total steroids in feces. The fraction also induces a triglyceride‐lowering activity in the liver by decreasing hepatic lipogenesis.
Synthetic routes and lipase‐inhibiting activity of long‐chain α‐keto amides
Authors: Chiou Antonia , Verger Robert , Kokotos George 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSynthetic routes to primary and N‐alkyl α‐keto amides are presented in this paper. Primary α‐keto amides may be prepared by using an aldehyde as starting material. Commercially available α‐keto acids may be coupled in high yield with primary amines by the mixed carbonic anhydride method affording N‐alkyl α‐keto amides. Alternatively, N‐alkyl α‐keto amides may be prepared by coupling long‐chain α‐hydroxy acids with amino components, followed by oxidation with pyridinium dichromate or NaOCl in the presence of 4‐acetamido‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy free radical. The α‐keto amide derivatives prepared according to these procedures were tested for their ability to form stable monomolecular films at the air/water interface. The inhibition of porcine pancreatic lipase by the α‐keto amides, spread as mixed films with 1,2‐dicaprin, was studied with the monolayet technique. Among the compounds tested in this study, methyl 2‐[(2‐ketododecanoyl)aminol]hexadecanoate was shown to be the most potent inhibitor, causing a 50% decrease in lipase activity at a 0.09 molar fraction.
Effects of Δ5 polyunsaturated fatty acids of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) seed oil on the fatty acid profile of the developing brain of rats
Authors: Pasquier E. , Ratnayake W. M. N. , Wolff R. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractConifer (pine) seeds are a potential source of dietary oils, but their safety and nutritional properties are not well established. Conifer seed oils differ from common edible vegetable oils in having a series of unusual polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with a polymethylene‐interrupted (PMI) double bond system and a double bond at the Δ5 position. A rat study was conducted to assess whether Δ5 PMI‐PUFA of conifer seeds could alter the levels of n−6 and n−3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA) in mothers' milk and the developing brain of fetuses and pups. Feeding maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) seed oil (MPO) diet with a Δ5 PMI‐PUFA content of 1.4 g/100 g throughout pregnancy and lactation resulted in a large incorporation of Δ5 PMI‐PUFA in mothers' milk (5.1±0.5% of total fatty acids). The fetus (17 d old) and pup (22 d) brains, however, accumulated very little (0.6 and 0.4% of total fatty acids, respectively) Δ5 PMI‐PUFA. Mother's milk and pup's brain of the MPO group contained normal levels of 20∶4n−6, 22∶4n−6, and 20∶5n−3 compared to a reference group of rats fed a fat blend of sunflower, high‐oleic sunflower, and canola oils. The level of 22∶6n−3, however, was slightly but significantly (P<0.05) higher in milk and pup brain of the MPO group. These results show that Δ5 PMI‐PUFA of MPO exert no negative effect on the levels of n−6 and n−3 LC‐PUFA in rat brain during its early development.
Action of 1‐(11‐selenadodecyl)‐glycerol and 1‐(11‐selenadodecyl)‐3‐trolox‐glycerol against lipid peroxidation
Authors: Raneva Violeta , Shimasaki Hiroyuki , Furukawa Yumi , Ueta Nobuo , Yanishlieva Nedyalka , Aaseng Jon Erik , Partali Vassilia , Sliwka Hans‐Richard , Yoshida Yasukazu , Niki Etsuo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe antioxidant action on lipid peroxidation of the synthesized selenium compounds 1‐(11‐selenadodecyl)‐glycerol (SeG) and 1‐(11‐selenadodecyl)‐3‐Trolox‐glycerol (SeIrG, where Trolox=6‐hydroxyl‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethylchroman‐2‐carboxylic acid) was investigated. We compared the reactivity of the selenium compounds toward peroxyl radicals and their inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, induced by several kinds of initiating species such as azo compounds, metal ions, and superoxide/nitric oxide in solution, micelles, membranes, and rat plasma. SeTrG, but not SeG, scavenged peroxyl radicals. SeG reduced methyl linoleate hydroperoxides in organic solution and in methyl linoleate micelles oxidized by ferrous ion (Fe2+)/ascorbic acid. In rat plasma SeG and SeTrG decreased the formation of lipid hydroperoxides generated by hydrophilic azo compounds. SeG and SeTrG spared α‐tocopherol (α‐TOH) consumption in multilamellar vesicle membranes oxidized by hydrophilic or lipophilic initiators, and only SeTrG spared α‐TOH in superoxide/nitric oxide oxidized membranes. In rat plasma oxidized by radical initiators (either hydrophilic or lipophilic) or superoxide/nitric oxide, SeTrG suppressed α‐TOH consumption, but SeG had no effect. The two selenium‐containing compounds showed inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation that depended on their structure, the medium where they acted, and the oxidant used.
Comparison of ex vivo inhibitory effect between 2‐hydroxyestradiol and its 17‐sulfate on rat hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation
Authors: Takanashi Kaori , Osanai Yasunori , Kyo Takahiro , Yoshizawa Itsuo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTwo endogenous antioxidants that are speculated to be defense substances against preeclampsia, 2‐hydroxyestradiol (2‐OH‐E2) and its 17‐sulfate, 2‐hydroxyestradiol 17‐sulfate (2‐OH‐E2‐17‐S), were administered to rats to compare their inhibitory effects on hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation, and the lipid peroxides were determined in NADPH‐ and ascorbic acid‐dependent systems. The two catechols showed a strong inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in both systems, and the effect was dose dependent. However, a large difference was observed in their inhibition patterns. After administration of 2‐OH‐E2, the effect appeared immediately and decreased gradually with time. In contrast, the effect of 2‐OH‐E2‐17‐S appeared some time after administration and persisted for a longer time. Both catechols also showed a striking difference in their dynamics. After administration, 2‐OH‐E2 was detected in the blood together with its metabolites, 2‐methoxyestradiol and 2‐methoxyestrone, and they disappeared immediately. In contrast, 2‐OH‐E2‐17‐S was present in the blood for a longer time together with its O‐methylated product, 2‐methoxyestradiol 17‐sulfate, but disappeared from liver microsomes within 2 h after administration. The results imply no occurrence of a direct inhibition effect of 2‐OH‐E2‐17‐S.
Cyanolipid‐rich seed oils from Allophylus natalensis and A. dregeanus
Authors: Avato P. , Rosito I. , Papadia P. , Fanizzi F. P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAs a continuation of our study on plants of the Sapindaceae, the chemical composition of the oil extracted from seeds of Allophylus natalensis (Sonder) De Winter and of A. dregeanus (Sonder) De Winter has been investigated. The oil from both species contained approximately equal amounts of TAG and type I cyanolipids (CL), 1‐cyano‐2‐hydroxymethylprop‐2‐en‐1‐oldiesters, with minor amounts of type III CL, 1‐cyano‐2‐hydroxymethylprop‐1‐en‐3‐ol‐diesters. Structural investigation of the oil components was accomplished by chemical, chromatographic (TLC, CC, GC, and GC‐MS), and spectroscopic (IR, NMR) means. GC and GC‐MS analysis showed that C20 FA were dominant in the CL components of the oil from the two species (44–80% vs. 21–26% in TAG), with cis‐11‐eicosenoic acid (36–46%) and cis 13‐eicosenoic acid (paullinic acid, 23–37%) as the major esterified fatty acyl chains in A. natalensis and A. dregeanus, respectively. cis‐Vaccenic acid was particularly abundant (11–31%) in the CL from A. dregeanus, whereas eicosanoic acid (10–22%) was also a major component of CL in both species.
Lipid class distribution of fatty acids including conjugated linoleic acids in healthy and cancerous parts of human kidneys
Authors: Hoffmann Kristina , Blaudszun Jörg , Brunken Claus , Höpker Wilhelm‐Wolfgang , Tauber Roland , Steinhart Hans 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this study the FA compositions of healthy and cancerous human renal tissues from the same patients are compared with special reference to the CLA and PUFA content. CLA was preferentially incorporated into neutral lipid compared with phospholipid classes. Its distribution profile was similar to that of monounsaturated FA, but unlike that found with 18∶2n−6. Different incorporation patterns were found for individual CLA isomers. Comparing renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and healthy kidney, the total CLA content was significantly lower in the cholesterylester fraction and significantly higher in the PE and PS fractions from RCC. The most significant differences between healthy and cancerous renal tissue were in the content of t10,c12‐CLA. Furthermore, the lipid class distributions of n−6 PUFA were determined, and several significant differences between RCC and healthy renal tissue were found. This is of interest, as it has been proposed that the anticarcinogenic properties of dietary CLA are associated with their interference in the metabolism of 20∶4n−6. The involvement of CLA in preventing renal cancer cannot be definitively demonstrated from the design of this study, nor was it intended, but the complete determination of the FA composition of adjacent healthy and cancerous tissues may provide an insight if lipids are involved in this disease.
Biochemical, functional, and histochemical effects of essential fatty acid deficiency in rat kidney
Authors: Soares Anísio Francisco , Santiago Rosa Cristina , Martins Aléssio Maria Luíza , Descomps Bernard , de Castro‐Chaves Carmen 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe present study was designed to examine the effects of EFA deficiency (EFAD) on biochemical, functional, and structural aspects of the kidney in growing and adult rats fed a normal or EFAD diet for 9 wk after weaning. Food and fluid intake (FI), urine volume, and Na+ and K+ excretions were measured weekly from weeks 4 to 8 by placing the rats in individual metabolic cages for 24 h. At week 9, Li+ and a 5% water load, respectively, were administered at 14 and 1.5 h prior to glomerular and proximal tubular function studies, as assessed by 3‐h creatinine (CCr) and Li+ (CLi+) clearances. Hematocrit and urine volume; serum and urine [Cr], [Li+], [Na+], and [K+]; and renal FA distribution were also measured. Data [corrected to 100 g/body weight (bw) and presented as means ±SEM] were significant, at P<‐0.05. Despite a similar ingestion of solids from weeks 4 to 7 (weeks 7 to 10 of life), the rats on the EFAD diet showed a decreased body weight from week 5. From weeks 4 to 8, Fl and urine volume were similar for both groups, but the Fl increased at week 6 in the EFAD group; 24‐h Na+ and K+ excretions were similar at all weeks, except for an increase in the EFAD group for both ions at week 7. In the EFAD group, CCr and CLi+ decreased by 27 and 56.3%, respectively (385.7±33.4 vs. 280±21.1, and 21.0±2.1 vs. 9.2±1.1 μL/min/100 g; n=9 vs. 10), the latter result suggesting increased proximal reabsorption. The 3‐h Na+ and K+ excretions were similar, but the Li+ decreased (0.78±0.06×10−2 vs. 0.32±0.03×10−2 μeq/min/100 g) in the EFAD group, giving additional support to the suggestion. Renal structure was normal and similar for both groups, but the EFAD group showed a more prominent proximal tubule brush border, together with heavier periodic acid‐Schiff staining in all specimens from weeks 5 to 9. In the EFAD group, FA of the n−9 and n−7 series were higher, but most of the n−6 series were lower as a percentage of total lipids in the medulla and cortex. Medullary levels of 20∶4n−6 were maintained, 22∶4n−6 declined twice, arachidonic acid was maintained, and 20∶5n−3 was lower. The EFAD diet affected glomerular function, proximal tubular structure and function, and FA distribution in the rat kidney.
Molecular species of PC and PE formed during castor oil biosynthesis
Authors: Lin Jiann‐Tsyh , Chen Jennifer M. , Chen Pei , Liao Lucy P. , McKeon Thomas A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAs part of a program to elucidate castor oil biosynthesis, we have identified 36 molecular species of PC and 35 molecular species of PE isolated from castor microsomes after incubations with [14C]‐labeled FA. The six [14C]FA studied were ricinoleate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate, and palmitate, which were the only FA identified in castor microsomal incubations. The incorporation of each of the six FA into PC was better than that into PE. The [14C]FA were incorporated almost exclusively into the sn‐2 position of both PC and PE. The incorporation of [14C]stearate and [14C]palmitate into 2‐acyl‐PC was slower compared to the other four [14C]FA. The incorporation does not show any selectivity for the various lysoPC molecular species. The level of incorporation of [14C]FA in PC was in the order of: oleate>linolenate>palmitate>linoleate >stearate>ricinoleate, and in PE: linoleate>linolenate> oleate>palmitate>stearate>ricinoleate. In general, at the sn‐1 position of both PC and PE, linoleate was the most abundant FA, palmitate was the next, and oleate, linolenate, stearate, and ricinoleate were minor FA. The activities of oleoyl‐12‐hydroxylase, oleoyl‐12‐desaturase seem unaffected by the FA at the sn‐1 position of 2‐oleoyl‐PC. The FA in the sn‐1 position of PC does not significantly affect the activity of phospholipase A2, whereas ricinoleate is preferentially removed from the sn‐2 position of PC. The results show that (i) [14C]oleate is most actively incorporated to form 2‐oleoyl‐PC, the immediate substrate of oleoyl‐12‐hydroxylase; (ii) 2‐ricinoleoyl‐PC is formed mostly by the hydroxylation of 2‐oleoyl‐PC, not from the incorporation of ricinoleate into 2‐ricinoleoyl‐PC; and (iii) 2‐oleoyl‐PF is less actively formed than 2‐oleoyl‐PC.
Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic activity of N‐, F‐, and S‐ether derivatives of podophyllotoxin fatty acid adducts
Authors: Mustafa Jamal , Khan Shabana I. , Ma Guoyi , Walker Larry A. , Khan Ikhlas A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper represents the first synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and antitumor evaluation of F‐, N‐, and S‐containing C4α‐FA derivatives of podophyllotoxin. In a synthetic strategy, a FA unit of 4‐O‐podophyllotoxinyl 12‐hydroxyoctadec‐Z‐9‐enoate 2, a derivative of podophyllotoxin, was functionalized at the C−12 position by incorporating the F atom and N‐containing moieties. The FA olefin (Z, C−9/C−10) of 2 was hydrogenated to produce a derivative possessing a hydroxy function (C−12) on a saturated C18 FA chain. In another synthetic strategy, two S‐ethers of podophyllotoxin (C4α) were synthesized from a terminal unsaturated FA analog, 4‐O‐podophyllotoxinyl undec‐10‐enoate. Syntheses were achieved through effective synthetic procedures; 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and high‐resolution mass data proved excellent tools to characterize these derivatives. In vitro antitumor activity was investigated against a panel of five human neoplastic cell lines, SK‐MEL (malignant, melanoma), KB (epidermal carcinoma, oral), BT‐549 (ductal carcinoma, breast), SK‐OV‐3 (ovary carcinoma), and HL‐60 (human leukemia). Keeping in view the severe lack of tumor selectivity of podophyllotoxin over normal cells, we assayed new analogs against noncancerous mammalian VERO (African green monkey kidney fibroblast) cell lines to gauge their extent of toxicity. Several of these compounds showed excellent moderation of antitumor activity. In general, we found excellent growth inhibition against the human leukemia cell line (HL‐60), particularly for the analogs containing S‐ethers and carbamates. None of the compounds were toxic to normal cell lines.
Inhibition of 2,2′‐azobis(2,4‐dimethylvaleronitrile)‐induced lipid peroxidation by sesaminols
Authors: Kang Myung‐Hwa , Katsuzaki Hirotaka , Osawa Toshihiko 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe found that sesaminols, a mixture of sesaminol and its stereoisomers, are potent inhibitors of the oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein induced by 2,2′‐azobis(2,4‐dimethylvaleronitrile). Although sesaminols strongly inhibit lipid peroxidation related to their ability to scavenge free radicals, their antioxidant effects have not been investigated. To confirm the involvement of the phenolic moiety in the sesaminol structure in antioxidant activity, sesaminols were reacted with 2,2′‐azobis(2,4‐dimethylvaleronitrile). The reaction products were isolated by high‐performance liquid chromatography and found to have a 1‐cyano‐1,3‐dimethyl‐butyl‐peroxyl group in their structures. These chemical structures suggest that the sesaminols reacted with the alkylperoxyl radicals to form four major reaction products that are stereoisomers of each other, although the stereochemistry of each isomer has not yet been confirmed. Further instrumental analyses of the reaction products may increase our understanding of the antioxidant activity of sesaminols.
Manufacturing strategy: The story of its evolution
Authors: Skinner Wickham 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis essay has two stories to tell: first, as promised, the evolution of what is known as “manufacturing strategy” and, also, the parallel story of the value of combining teaching and research through the Harvard Business School's focus on teaching by the case method. This second tale may be of particular interest in view of recent critiques of business schools and their research practices [Bennis, W.G., O’Toole, J., 2005. How business schools lost their way. Harvard Business Review 83 (5), 96–104].
Reduced‐intensity conditioning followed by T‐cell depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia and minimal residual disease at the time of transplant: high risk of molecular relapse
Authors: Ringhoffer Mark , Harsdorf Stephanie von , Schmitt Michael , Wiesneth Markus , Zenz Thorsten , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Greiner Jochen , Döhner Konstanze , Marx Martin , Döhner Hartmut , Bunjes Donald 
Published: November 2006

SummaryA pilot trial was initiated for chronic myeloid leukaemia patients, which employed imatinib for remission induction, followed by reduced‐intensity conditioning and an in vivo T‐cell depleted graft. Out of nine patients, six experienced a molecular relapse and one patient had a haematological relapse at a median interval of 5 months after transplantation. Five relapsing patients achieved a 2nd molecular remission after treatment with either donor lymphocyte infusions (n = 4) or imatinib (n = 1). Two of nine patients died due to infectious complications. The probability of survival 2 years after transplant was 74% (95% CI 42–100%).
High‐potentiality preliminary selection criteria and transformation time‐dependent factors analysis for establishing Epstein–Barr virus transformed human lymphoblastoid cell lines
Authors: Chang I.‐C. , Wu J.‐Y. , Lu H.‐I. , Ko H.‐W. , Kuo J.‐L. , Wang C.‐Y. , Shen P.‐S. , Hwang S.‐M. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract.  Infection of freshly isolated and cryopreserved lymphocytes with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) leads to the establishment of human B lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Techniques for optimal infection of the lymphocytes are vital for the establishment of a human biobank. The present study found that more than half (58–86%) of such established LCLs had transport times of less than 48 h, cell densities exceeding 106 cells/ml and cell viabilities greater than 90%. After EBV infection, 3306 freshly isolated lymphocytes required 30.0 ± 0.1 days to become LCLs. Conversely, 1210 cryopreserved lymphocytes required 36.2 ± 0.4 days. Cell density and viability of the culture affected transformation time in freshly isolated lymphocytes. On the other hand, blood transport time, cryopreservation time and initial cell viability were major factors in cryopreserved specimens. These results contribute to general information concerning the establishment of a human biobank for EBV infected cells.
Time‐ and concentration‐dependent effects of resveratrol in HL‐60 and HepG2 cells
Authors: Stervbo U. , Vang O. , Bonnesen C. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract.  Resveratrol, a phytochemical present in grapes, has been demonstrated to inhibit tumourigenesis in animal models. However, the specific mechanism by which resveratrol exerts its anticarcinogenic effect has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of resveratrol on cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated in the human leukaemia cell line HL‐60 and the human hepatoma derived cell line HepG2. We found that after a 2 h incubation period, resveratrol inhibited DNA synthesis in a concentration‐dependent manner. The IC50 value was 15 µm in both HL‐60 and HepG2 cells. When the time of treatment was extended, an increase in IC50 value was observed; for example, at 24 h the IC50 value was 30 µm for HL‐60 cells and 60 µm for HepG2 cells. Flow cytometry revealed that cells accumulated in different phases of the cell cycle depending on the resveratrol concentration. Furthermore, an increase in nuclear size and granularity was observed in the G1 and S phases of HL‐60 treated and HepG2‐treated cells. Apoptosis was also stimulated by resveratrol in a concentration‐dependent manner in HL‐60 and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, resveratrol inhibits cell proliferation in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner by interfering with different stages of the cell cycle. Furthermore, resveratrol treatment causes stimulation of apoptosis as well as an increase in nuclear size and granularity.