bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontal arachnoid cyst associated with depression: Case report and literature review
Authors: Jane Julio , Doraiswamy Murali , Forman Leslie , McDonald William 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA 49‐year‐old woman presented with a long history of depressive symptoms and frequent exacerbations despite adequate trials of pharmacotherapy. On evaluation, she was found to have recurrent major depression as well as severe verbal memory deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large left frontal cyst with bony erosion and some mass effect on the cortex. Intracranial (arachnoid) cysts are rare and their psychiatric significance has often been minimized. However recent reports have associated temporal lobe cysts to psychotic symptoms. This case is discussed in view of these studies as well as findings linking left frontal lobe pathology to depression. Depression 1:275–277 (1993). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of computer‐administered cognitive‐behavior therapy with depressed inpatients
Authors: Bowers Wayne , Stuart Scott , Macfarlane Robin , Gorman Laura 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwenty‐two depressed inpatients were randomly assigned to treatment with either therapist‐delivered cognitive‐behavior therapy (CBT), computer‐assisted CBT, or “treatment as usual” on an inpatient psychiatric unit. All patients received antidepressant medication in addition to their assigned treatments. At discharge from the hospital, the patients receiving therapistdelivered CBT and the patients in the control group were significantly less depressed when pre‐ and post‐treatment ratings from the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were compared. Patients receiving computer‐assisted CBT did not improve significantly. Furthermore, patients receiving therapist‐delivered CBT were significantly less depressed at discharge from the hospital than those receiving computer‐assisted CBT. Patients receiving computer‐assisted CBT fared no better than those patients in the control group. Computer‐assisted CBT appeared to provide no advantage in the treatment of depressed inpatients. This study suggests that therapist‐delivered CBT should remain the standard of care for inpatients receiving CBT. Depression 1:294–299 (1993). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preclinical evaluation of the putative antidepressant nefazodone
Authors: Owens Michael J. , Dole Kenneth C. , Knight David L. , Nemeroff Charles B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe effects of the putative antidepressant, nefazodone, which possesses prominent 5‐HT2 antagonist properties and moderate 5‐HT uptake inhibition activity, on several neurochemical measures commonly observed in clinically efficacious antidepressants and serotonergic agents were evaluated. These include: (1) the number of β‐adrenergic and 5‐HT2 receptors and (2) measures of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis function. Chronic administration of nefazodone at clinically relevant doses resulted in small but significant decreases in the density of cortical 5‐HT2 and β‐adrenergic receptors. Moreover, chronic nefazodone administration resulted in an increase in cortical CRF receptor number. Acute administration of nefazodone (1‐100 mg/kg sc) did not alter plasma ACTH concentrations. Only the 100 mg/kg dose increased plasma corticosterone concentrations. Like nefazodone, acute administration of the selective 5‐HT2 antagonist ketanserin (1.5‐10 mg/kg) did not alter plasma ACTH or corticosterone concentrations. Neither acute (3.3 mg/kg sc) nor chronic (33.3 mg/kg/day × 28 days) administration of nefazodone altered the regional brain concentration of corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) in any of 10 brain regions examined. These data suggest that the 5‐HT2 antagonist properties of nefazodone are sufficient to inhibit any stimulation of HPA axis activity that may result from the drugs' inherent agonist activity (i.e., 5‐HT uptake inhibition and agonist activity of its metabolite m CPP). Moreover, chronic administration of nefazodone at a dose which produces down regulation of conical 5‐HT2 and β‐adrenergic receptors, an effect commonly observed after administration of other clinically effective antidepressants, increased cortical CRF receptor binding density, possibly the result of diminished extra‐hypothalamic CRF release. These data, taken together, provide further neurochemical evidence for the purported antidepressant effects of nefazodone. Depression 1:315‐323 (1993). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seasonal risk for early recurrence of unipolar depression after discontinuation of antidepressant medication
Authors: Kline Mark D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe results of this retrospective chart review suggest that early depressive recurrence is more likely when antidepressant medications are discontinued during fall‐winter months. Forty‐one patients with non‐seasonal unipolar major depression were studied. All patients were considered markedly improved or fully remitted for at least 3 months and had a total duration of treatment between 6 and 18 months before medication was stopped. Recurrence of depression within 3 months of stopping medication was more likely among patients who discontinued their antidepressant regimen between October and March (76% vs. 29%). Patients with comorbid dysthymia, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, or alcohol or substance abuse were at high risk for early recurrence, but did not show a pattern of increased risk of recurrence following fall‐winter antidepressant discontinuation. Depression 1:324‐326 (1993). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antidepressant side effects and adverse reactions
Authors: Beaumont G. , Kasper S. , O'Hanlon J. , Mendlewicz J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA drug's side effects and adverse reactions can be assigned to one of eight general categories: direct toxicity, toxicity of metabolites, pharmacologic side effects, hypersensitivity reactions, drug interactions, idiosyncratic reactions, over‐action, and exacerbation of secondary disease. The side effects of and adverse reactions to antidepressants are considered according to this scheme.The use of some antidepressants has been associated with cardiotoxicity, marrow toxicity, and hepatotoxicity. These effects may be more common among tricyclic antidepressants, compared with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.Pharmacologic side effects are predictable on the basis of known specific reuptake inhibition and receptor blockade. Anticholinergic and antihistaminic effects, commonly associated with the tricyclic antidepressants, are most likely to impair quality of life. Serotonergic effects, particularly nausea, are the most troublesome effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported rarely following the use of most antidepressants. Drug interactions with antidepressants are many and varied, and the potential for their occurrence may be a determinant of antidepressant choice. Idiosyncratic reactions are very rare, unpredictable, and often catastrophic, and may lead to withdrawal of a drug from clinical use. “Over‐action” may occur with antidepressants, leading to the precipitation of hypomania or mania. Additionally, antidepressants may exacerbate secondary disease. Convulsions have been more frequently reported following the use of classical antidepressants, as well as the newer compounds, maprotiline and bupropion. Depression 2:138–144 (1994/1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antidepressants in the prophylactic treatment of recurrent major depression
Authors: Roberts Ann G. , Montgomery S. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDepression is now recognized as a chronic and recurrent disorder, associated with substantial costs to the affected individual, as well as to society. Accumulating data support the use of antidepressant pharmacotherapy to prevent relapse during continuation treatment following resolution of acute symptoms, and as prophylactic treatment to prevent recurrences of depression. An important recent finding is that maintaining patients during long‐term treatment on the same dose of antidepressant medication that was used to treat the acute episode may be more effective in preventing recurrences than tapering patients to lower doses.Clinical trials of antidepressants historically have evaluated efficacy only during acute treatment, and relatively few studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of antidepressant agents in prophylaxis. Among those agents that have been shown to be effective in prophylactic treatment, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline) may be preferred because of their improved tolerability compared with tricyclic anti‐depressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Depression 2:145–151 (1994/1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrocardiographic changes of sinus bradycardia and sinus node dysfunction among patients with therapeutic levels of lithium
Authors: Joseph Mary , Vieweg Victor 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe present 3 new cases of patients with mood disorders taking lithium in therapeutic doses. Each subject developed sinus node dysfunction manifested primarily as sinus bradycardia. We combine our 3 cases with 13 others from the literature to define the study population. Our findings, conclusions, and recommendations form the body of this report.When bradycardia develops and/or patients develop cardiovascular symptoms or signs, we recommend cardiologic consultation and consideration of Holter monitor recording. Psychiatrists treating patients with lithium should have a low threshold to seek cardiologic evaluation when questions about lithium's effect on the cardiovascular system arise. Depression 2:226–231 (1994/1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between dysthymia and major depression: an analysis of family study data
Authors: Goodman Daniel W. , Goldstein Rise B. , Adams Phillip B. , Horwath Ewald , Sobin Christina , Wickramaratne Priya , Weissman Myrna M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlthough there is high comorbidity between major depression (MDD) and dysthymia, the nature of this relationship is unclear. An ongoing family study provided an opportunity to examine this relationship. Data are presented on 435 directly interviewed adult first degree relatives of 45 screened normal control probands and 148 probands in three clinical diagnostic groups: panic disorder only, panic disorder plus MDD, and early onset MDD without panic. Many of the psychiatrically ill probands also had comorbid dysthymia. Best estimate diagnoses on all relatives were made blind to proband diagnostic status using direct information obtained with the SADS‐LA and/or family history information from multiple informants obtained using a modified version of the FH‐RDC. We sought to determine the relationship between DSM‐III‐R dysthymia and panic disorder and/or MDD and to assess whether or not dysthymia is specifically transmitted within families. Controlling for comorbidity in probands, we found no familial association between panic disorder and dysthymia but we did find an increased risk of dysthymia in relatives of probands with early onset MDD. Additionally we found specific transmission of dysthymia to relatives independent of presence of comorbid panic disorder and/or MDD in probands. These findings support the validity of dysthymia as a specific disorder and suggest as well that dysthymia may be on the spectrum of early onset MDD. Depression 2:252–258 (1994/1995). © 1995 Wley‐Liss, Inc.
Gender differences in seasonal affective disorder
Authors: Leibenluft Ellen , Hardin Todd A. , Rosenthal Norman E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to ascertain whether men and women with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) differ in their clinical presentation or in their response to bright light therapy. Data from all patients who participated in our SAD clinic between 1981 and 1991 were analyzed retrospectively. A linear discriminant function analysis was performed using self‐report data from the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire and the Seasonal Screening Questionnaire (N =167 women and 43 men). SIGH‐SAD ratings (consisting of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and an addendum for atypical symptoms) were analyzed to determine if men and women differed in clinician‐rated symptoms at baseline (N = 86 women and 28 men), or in their response to phototherapy (N =43 women and 16 men). Male and female SAD patients did not differ in clinician‐rated symptoms or in their response to phototherapy. However, on self‐report scales, men reported more severe illness, while women reported more carbohydrate craving, a greater percentage increase in weight, and more hours of sleep per night in the winter. The linear discriminant function analysis correctly classified 93.4% of the women but only 27.9% of the men. Since we found significant differences only on self‐report scales, our results may reflect a gender difference in symptom reporting. Alternatively, our findings may reflect gender differences in depressive symptomatology or differences between normal men and women in the sleep‐wake cycle or in carbohydrate craving. Men with SAD may have a more heterogeneous presentation than women with SAD. There is, however, no gender difference in response to phototherapy. Depression 3:13–19 (1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, IncThis article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Sex differences in thyroid axis function: Relevance to affective disorder and its treatment
Authors: Whybrow Peter C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThroughout life the thyroid economy differs for men and women. The “set point” for TSH is higher in women, they experience more goiter and nodule formation, and autoimmune thyroid disease is greater throughout life. Excluding cancer, the lifetime prevalence of thyroid disease for women is variously estimated between 2.25‐4.0%, some 4 to 10 times the estimates for men.Contrary to earlier interpretation, maternal thyroid hormones are now thought to be important in the early life of the fetus and the development of the CNS; however, after the first trimester maternal free thyroid hormone falls to reach a nadir post partum, a fact not to be discounted in postpartum psychosis.Major depression is more common in women and approximately 5‐10% have some metabolic evidence of a diminished thyroid economy. Adjunctive tri‐iodothyronine has been shown to speed recovery from depression in women but not in men.Manic‐Depressive Illness in its classic form (Bipolar I) is approximately equal in prevalence between men and women. However, the malignant variant of treatment resistant rapid cycling (RC) is predominant in women and is significantly associated with Grade I hypothyroidism. Furthermore, the use of high dose thyroxine as an adjunct to anticycling medications such as lithium and the anticonvulsants with frequently mitigate the cycling and induce clinical remission.Studies in premenopausal women (the common sufferers of RC) suggest that this pharmacologic use of thyroxine has few side effects and is without detectable increased risk of osteoporosis.Particularly lithium, but also other clinically employed psychotropic agents, are antithyroid as well as thymoleptic injunction. The study of the interaction of lithium and thyroid metabolism at the cellular and molecular level will help inform these clinical observations. That the c‐erb‐A family of gene products share considerable homology at the DNA binding region across nuclear T3, glucocorticoid, and estrogen receptors may be of significance in this regard.Thyroid screening of women with affective disorder is recommended for those who are aged 45 years or older, have a history of postpartum thyroiditis, or a family history of thyroid disease. Depression 3:33‐42 (1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Review of depression in cancer: Gender differences
Authors: DeFlorio Mary L. , Massie Mary Jane 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDepression is the psychiatric syndrome that receives the most attention in individuals with cancer. We review 49 studies of prevalence of depression in individuals with cancer and describe the data available on gender differences. The special fears and concerns of women with cancer are described. Depression 3:66–80 (1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Review of the diagnosis and treatment of major depression for the non‐mental health professional
Authors: Rapaport Mark Hyman , Judd Lewis L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper is a review of the diagnosis and treatment of major depression for health professionals and the public. It is designed to help non‐mental health professionals understand the important health and societal consequences of major depression. And, it serves as a guide to help health professionals make the diagnosis of major depression and explore treatment options with patients. Depression 3:108–120 (1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
I123‐iofetamine (IMP) spect brain imaging in depressed patients: Normalization of temporal lobe asymmetry during clinical recovery
Authors: Amsterdam Jay D. , Mozley P. David , Hornig‐Rohan Mady 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTemporal lobe dysfunction may be involved in mediating some of the symptoms associated with depression. The purpose of this study was to compare temporal lobe activity during depression with activity during clinical improvement in the same patient using SPECT brain imaging with [I123]‐labeled iofetamine (IMP). Five patients with major depression who had pretreatment IMP SPECT scans were re‐imaged during clinical recovery. Regions of interest were drawn around the temporal poles on the coronal sections of SPECT images, as well as around the whole brain on the sagittal sections. The count rates of IMP activity were then compared before and during clinical recovery. In all cases, we observed a normalization in the degree of right temporal lobe IMP accumulation (i.e., temporal lobe asymmetry) during successful antidepressant therapy. Depression 3:213‐211 (1995/1996). © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of mouse CD4 T cell subsets defined by expression of KLRG1
Authors: Beyersdorf Niklas , Ding Xin , Tietze Julia K. , Hanke Thomas 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe mouse killer cell lectin‐like receptor G1 (KLRG1) is an inhibitory receptor known to be expressed on a subset of NK cells and antigen‐experienced CD8 T cells. Here, we have characterized expression of KLRG1 on CD4+ T cells from normal mice. While a polyclonal TCR repertoire suggests thymic origin of KLRG1+ CD4+ cells, KLRG1 expression was found to be restricted to peripheral CD4+ T cells. Based on phenotypic analyses, a minority of KLRG1+ CD4+ cells are effector/memory cells with a proliferative history. The majority of KLRG1+ CD4+ cells are, however, bona fide Treg cells that depend on IL‐2 and/or CD28 and express both FoxP3 and high levels of intracellular CD152. KLRG1‐expressing Treg are contained within the CD38+ subset but are only partially overlapping with the CD25+ CD4+ Treg subset. In functional assays, KLRG1+ CD4+ cells were anergic to TCR stimulation with respect to proliferation, and sorted KLRG1+ CD25+ CD4+ cells were equal or superior to KLRG1+ CD25– CD4+ cells, which were more potent than KLRG1– CD25+ CD4+ cells in suppressing responder cell proliferation. Together, our results demonstrate that KLRG1 expression defines novel and distinctive subsets of senescent effector/memory and potent regulatory CD4+ T cells.
Activation‐induced cytidine deaminase induces DNA break repair events more frequently in the Ig switch region than other sites in the mammalian genome
Authors: Lee Shauna A. , Parsa Jahan‐Yar , Martin Alberto , Baker Mark D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractActivation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID) produces DNA breaks in immunoglobulin genes during antibody diversification. Double‐stranded breaks (DSB) in the switch region mediate class switch recombination, and contribute to gene conversion and somatic hypermutation in the variable regions. However, the relative extent to which AID induces DSB in these regions or between these and other actively expressed sequences is unknown. Here, we exploited an enhancer‐trap plasmid that identifies DSB in actively expressed loci to investigate the frequency and position of AID‐induced vector integration events in mouse hybridoma cells. Compared to control cells, wild‐type AID stimulates plasmid integration into the genome by as much as 29‐fold. Southern and digestion‐circularization PCR analysis revealed non‐uniformity in the integration sites, with biases of 30‐ and 116‐fold for the immunoglobulin κ light chain and μ heavy chain genes, respectively. Further, within the immunoglobulin μ gene, 73% of vector integrations map to the μ switch region, an enhancement of five‐ and 12‐fold compared to the adjacent heavy chain variable and μ gene constant regions, respectively. Thus, among potential highly transcribed genes in mouse hybridoma cells, the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes are important AID targets, with the immunoglobulin μ switch region being preferred compared to other genomic sites.
The Formation of trans‐Fused Macrocycles from N3,N3′‐Polymethylenebis(hydantoins) by Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Claeys Diederica D. , Stevens Christian V. , Dieltiens Nicolai 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA straightforward ring transformation giving polymethylenebis(hydantoins) was extended, as these are HMBA analogues. Firstly, ethyl or allyl pyroglutamate was carbamoylated with a diisocyanate. Upon treatment with KOtBu in allyl alcohol the bis(carbamoyllactam) rearranged to give the hydantoin, which was followed by the ring‐opening of the pyrrolidinone with formation of the allyl ester. These compounds were subsequently ring‐closed in the presence of second‐generation Grubbs' catalyst to form macrocycles containing the ester functionality in the ring. It was established by HSQC experiments with inverse detection that only the E isomers were formed in the cases of the 24‐ and 26‐membered heterocycles.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
An assessment of soil erosion and freshwater suspended solid estimates for continental‐scale environmental modelling
Authors: Pistocchi A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn modelling the environmental fate of chemicals, suspended matter in surface water may play a relevant role as it controls the partitioning of substances between dissolved and adsorbed form. This is particularly important for hydrophobic/non‐polar chemicals with high octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow).For a wide class of chemicals, it is then important to evaluate suspended solids concentration in surface waters in order to model the mechanisms of their transport in the environment. Reported values of suspended particulate matter (SPM) or total suspended solids (TSS) range from less than 1 to more than 200 mg l−1, with peaks even orders of magnitude higher. A number of studies highlight that a huge variability is intrinsic for this parameter. Nevertheless, predictive models and estimation methods have been proposed that can provide information on relevant spatial patterns of SPM or TSS. The paper examines two families of models, namely models oriented to sediment concentration or flux estimates and models oriented to soil erosion estimates, which have been widely used at the European scale. Predicted sediment concentration from these models is compared with available TSS and SPM measurements. The analysis points out how soil erosion oriented models can be seen as favourable to depict the fate of pollutants removed from soil, while sediment yield oriented models better fit for pollutants directly emitted to water and then subject to sequestration by solids. Based on the results of the analyses, a blueprint for description of the sediment compartment in chemical fate and transport models is proposed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.