bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of informal caregivers of people with dementia in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Ho Hien Thi , Jia Romy , Habibi Nahal , Stern Cindy , Carter Gillian , Santin Olinda , Stone Jennifer , Valenzuela Chelsea , Aromataris Edoardo 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
This review aims to synthesize the experiences of informal caregivers of people with dementia in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Introduction:
Globally, the burden of dementia is increasing disproportionately in LMICs. Informal caregivers play a vital role and face multiple challenges in LMICs, even though they also often lack the awareness and skills to provide adequate care for people living with dementia. Many LMICs have limited resources and caregivers lack support services. Understanding their experiences and perceptions may improve interventions, helping caregivers to better support those living with dementia.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies from all settings in LMICs will be considered. Qualitative data from qualitative or mixed methods studies that explore caregivers’ experiences and perceptions will be included in this review. Participants are informal caregivers of people diagnosed with dementia at any stage, regardless of age, gender, or their relationship with people living with dementia.

Methods:
This review will follow the JBI methodology for a qualitative systematic reviews, with meta-aggregation as the synthesis method. The review will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A 3-step search strategy will be used to locate published and unpublished studies in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, AgeLine, LILACS, African Index Medicus, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Open Dissertations, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar. There will be no date or language limitations. All studies will be screened against the inclusion criteria and data will be extracted and critically appraised for methodological quality by 2 independent reviewers using JBI tools. Confidence in the final synthesized findings will be assessed using the ConQual approach.

Review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42023453814
Immune imprinting of SARS-CoV-2 responses: changing first immune impressions
Authors: Torresi J. , Edeling M. A. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Since the emergence of the ancestral severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus and the successful rollout of protective vaccines based on this original strain, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into several variants, in a classical virus-host arms race typical of RNA viruses, to progressively evade the host immune response. Next-generation bivalent vaccines have been developed with broader protection against emerging variants than the ancestral vaccine. Nonetheless, even these vaccines show lower protection against the latest Omicron variants. Immune printing describes how an immune response to an immunogen is impacted by earlier exposures to a related immunogen. Several lessons about the effect of immune imprinting on responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, including age-associated impacts, can be learned from influenza. Understanding the mechanisms of imprinting of SARS-CoV-2 will be important to inform the design of vaccines that produce broader and more durable protective immune responses to emerging variants.
Weak Sensitive Compactness for Linear Operators
Authors: Yao Quanquan , Zhu Peiyong 
Published: March 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a linear dynamical system, where [Formula: see text] is a separable Banach space and [Formula: see text] is a bounded linear operator. We show that if [Formula: see text] is invertible, then [Formula: see text] is weakly sensitive compact if and only if [Formula: see text] is thickly weakly sensitive compact; and that there exists a system [Formula: see text] such that: (1) [Formula: see text] is cofinitely weakly sensitive compact; (2) [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are weakly sensitive compact; and (3) [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are not syndetically weakly sensitive compact. We also show that if [Formula: see text] is weakly sensitive compact, where [Formula: see text] is a complex Banach space, then the spectrum of [Formula: see text] meets the unit circle.
Towards a Christian Face amid Political Islam’s Presence in Indonesia
Authors: Situmeang Aulia Simon Partogi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article sets out to address the root of religious-based intolerance cases in Indonesia arising out of particular groups of Muslims in Indonesia. It seeks to identify which group triggers those cases and offers a possible response for Indonesian Christians faced with this confronting reality. The case is made for a non-violent response that opens up the possibility of reconciliation with those whose political stance is opposed to them.
Natural Theologies of Gender as National Conservative Political Theology
Authors: Waldron Stephen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
National conservatism is a post-liberal political ideology associated with conferences held by the Edmund Burke Foundation. The intellectual core of this ideology is the use of natural theologies of gender to undergird a transnational and interfaith approach to political theology. This mode of political theology is analyzed in the thinking of political theorist Yoram Hazony, theologian R.R. Reno, philosopher Patrick Deneen, and theologian Albert Mohler. These thinkers do more than simply rejecting the premises of liberal democracy as a political order: they all assert the fundamental role of patriarchal gender roles in the survival and prosperity of the nation state. While they hold that the nation is the primary political unit, their understanding of gender is even more fundamental as a foundation for the nation.
Four new species and a ribosomal phylogeny of Rhabdopleura (Hemichordata: Graptolithina) from New Zealand, with a review and key to all described extant taxa
Authors: GORDON DENNIS P. , QUEK Z. B. RANDOLPH , HUANG DANWEI 
Published: March 2024

All eight extant species of Rhabdopleura described between 1869 and 2018 are provisionally accepted as valid based on a review of the literature and new data on two little-known species from the Azores. Additionally, four new species are described from the New Zealand region, increasing global diversity by 50%, and a dichotomous key to all 12 described species is provided based on morphological criteria. The distinction between colony morphologies based on erect-tube inception is regarded as particularly helpful in initial characterization of species. Erect ringed tubes are either produced directly from the surface of creeping-tubes or indirectly, i.e. a short adherent side branch from a creeping tube is interpolated between the creeping tube and an erect tube; such side branches are blind-ending. These two modes of erect-tube origination are here respectively termed direct and indirect. Species with indirect erect-tube budding are predominant in the North Atlantic whereas species with direct erect-tube budding dominate in New Zealand waters. The only indirect-erect species from New Zealand, Rhabdopleura chathamica n. sp., was discovered on deepwater coral from 1008‒1075 m, constituting the deepest record of the genus to date. Rhabdopleura emancipata n. sp., collected only in a detached state, constitutes a three-dimensional tangled growth that grew freely into the water column—a unique morphology hitherto unknown among extant species. Owing to this growth mode, it provided a substratum for epibionts from several phyla. Rhabdopleura francesca n. sp. and Rhabdopleura decipula n. sp. are morphologically very similar but are distinguishable by their distinct placements in a phylogeny based on 16S mitochondrial and 18S nuclear rRNA genes. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on rRNA and mitochondrial genome data contribute to an updated phylogeny of all Rhabdopleura species sequenced thus far, some of which require more molecular sequences and morphological analyses for taxonomic determination.
Allelic variation in the autotetraploid potato: genes involved in starch and steroidal glycoalkaloid metabolism as a case study
Authors: Li Hongbo , Brouwer Matthijs , Pup Elena Del , van Lieshout Natascha , Finkers Richard , Bachem Christian W. B. , Visser Richard G. F. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Tuber starch and steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA)-related traits have been consistently prioritized in potato breeding, while allelic variation pattern of genes that underlie these traits is less explored.

Results
Here, we focused on the genes involved in two important metabolic pathways in the potato: starch metabolism and SGA biosynthesis. We identified 119 genes consisting of 81 involved in starch metabolism and 38 in the biosynthesis of steroidal glycoalkaloids, and discovered 96,166 allelic variants among 2,169 gene haplotypes in six autotetraploid potato genomes. Comparative analyses revealed an uneven distribution of allelic variants among gene haplotypes and that the vast majority of deleterious mutations in these genes are retained in heterozygous state in the autotetraploid potato genomes. Leveraging full-length cDNA sequencing data, we find that approximately 70% of haplotypes of the 119 genes are transcribable. Population genetic analyses identify starch and SGA biosynthetic genes that are potentially conserved or diverged between potato varieties with varying starch or SGA content.

Conclusions
These results deepen the understanding of haplotypic diversity within functionally important genes in autotetraploid genomes and may facilitate functional characterization of genes or haplotypes contributing to traits related to starch and SGA in potato.
Effects of staged rehabilitation training on inflammatory factor levels and red blood cell distribution width followingcardiac valve replacement
Authors: Xing Beibei , Liu Pujuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The current study was conducted aimed atexploring the effects of staged rehabilitation training on the levels of inflammatory factors and red blood cell distribution in patients who underwent cardiac valve replacement.

Methods
A total of 140 patients who underwent cardiac valve replacement at The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University between April 2021 and November 2022 were included in this study. During the postoperative rehabilitation phase, the patients were randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group. The experimental group received staged rehabilitation training (n = 70), while the control group received conventional care and rehabilitation suggestions without specialized staged rehabilitation training (n = 70). Informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to theirinclusion in the study. Clinical data of the patients were collected andanalyzed. RDW was measured using an automated blood cell analyzer on postoperative day 1, 14, and 28. Levels ofTNF-α, IL-6 and CRP were measured using ELISA. Quality of life was evaluated usingthe WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The effects of postoperative rehabilitation were assessed using the 6MWD test. The occurrence of adverse events in the postoperative periodwas alsoanalyzed.

Results
There were no significant differences in the general characteristics of the two groups of patients (P > 0.05). On the first day after surgery, no significant differences were seen in RDW between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, on the 14th and 28th day after surgery, the experimental group exhibited a significant reduction in RDW compared to the control group (P < 0.05). On the first day after surgery, the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP were comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, on the 14th and the 28th after surgery, the experimental group showed evidently lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The experimental group demonstrated higher scores in the domains of physical health, psychological state, social relationships, and environment in the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the experimental group exhibited increased average,minimum,maximum walking distances in the6-minute walking test compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative adverse events between the two groups of patients (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Staged rehabilitation training exerteda positive effect on the levels of inflammatory factors and red blood cell distribution in patients following cardiac valve replacement. This type of rehabilitation training facilitated the patient’s recovery process by reducing the inflammatory response and improving the condition of red blood cells. Additionally, it enhanced the quality of life and rehabilitation outcomes for patients.
Hemorrhoidal disease among doctors from grade-A tertiary hospitals in big cities of China: results from web-based doctors as patients survey
Authors: Qiu Xiaoyuan , Liu Yuxin , Shi Weikun , Lin Guole , Rong Mei , Wang Bingjie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Doctors are at high risk of developing hemorrhoidal disease (HD), but it is unclear whether doctors are aware of this risk. The OASIS (dOctors AS patIentS) study was performed to examine the prevalence, awareness, diagnosis, and treatment of HD among doctors in big cities in China.

Methods
An online survey consisting of a structured questionnaire was carried out among doctors in grade-A tertiary hospitals in 29 provinces across China from August to October 2020.

Results
A total of 1227 questionnaire responses were collected. HD prevalence was 56.8%, with a significant difference between internists and surgeons (P = 0.01). 15.6% of doctors with HD didn’t have serious concerns about the recurrence and severity of HD. 91.5% of doctors adopted general treatments, and 83.0% considered oral medications only when topical medications were ineffective. Among the oral medications, Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction (MPFF) was most effective based on the scores from three important parameters, but only 17% of doctors received MPFF.

Conclusions
Doctors are at higher risk of developing HD with a high prevalence among Chinese doctors, but they are not fully aware or not concerned about HD. There is a deficiency in treatment recommendations and clinical management of HD even for doctors, including late initiation and inadequate oral drug therapy. Therefore, awareness and standardized treatment of HD should be improved among Chinese doctors, as well as in the general population.
Remote surveillance and detection of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among household members in King County, Washington
Authors: Emanuels Anne , Casto Amanda M. , Heimonen Jessica , O’Hanlon Jessica , Chow Eric J. , Ogokeh Constance , Rolfes Melissa A. , Han Peter D. , Hughes James P. , Uyeki Timothy M. , Frazar Christian , Chung Erin , Starita Lea M. , Englund Janet A. , Chu Helen Y. ,   Seattle Flu Study Investigators, Boeckh Michael , Famulare Michael , Lutz Barry R. , Nickerson Deborah A. , Rieder Mark J. , Thompson Matthew , Shendure Jay , Bedford Trevor , Adler Amanda , Brandstetter Elisabeth , Burstein Roy , Cho Shari , Geyer Rachel E. , Hadfield James , Jackson Michael L. , Kiavand Anahita , Kim Ashley E. , Kimball Louise E. , Kotnik Jack Henry , Lacombe Kirsten , Logue Jennifer K. , Lyon Victoria , McCulloch Denise J. , Richardson Matthew , Rogers Julia H. , Sibley Thomas R. , Zigman Suchsland Monica L. , Truong Melissa , Wolf Caitlin R. , Zhong Weizhi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Early during the COVID-19 pandemic, it was important to better understand transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Household contacts of infected individuals are particularly at risk for infection, but delays in contact tracing, delays in testing contacts, and isolation and quarantine posed challenges to accurately capturing secondary household cases.

Methods
In this study, 346 households in the Seattle region were provided with respiratory specimen collection kits and remotely monitored using web-based surveys for respiratory illness symptoms weekly between October 1, 2020, and June 20, 2021. Symptomatic participants collected respiratory specimens at symptom onset and mailed specimens to the central laboratory in Seattle. Specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR with whole genome sequencing attempted when positive. SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals were notified, and their household contacts submitted specimens every 2 days for 14 days.

Results
In total, 1371 participants collected 2029 specimens that were tested; 16 individuals (1.2%) within 6 households tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the study period. Full genome sequences were generated from 11 individuals within 4 households. Very little genetic variation was found among SARS-CoV-2 viruses sequenced from different individuals in the same household, supporting transmission within the household.

Conclusions
This study indicates web-based surveillance of respiratory symptoms, combined with rapid and longitudinal specimen collection and remote contact tracing, provides a viable strategy to monitor households and detect household transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

Trial registration identifier
NCT04141930, Date of registration 28/10/2019.
Evaluating inter-rater reliability in the context of “Sysmex UN2000 detection of protein/creatinine ratio and of renal tubular epithelial cells can be used for screening lupus nephritis”: a statistical examination
Authors: Li Ming , Gao Qian , Yang Jing , Yu Tianfei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The evaluation of inter-rater reliability (IRR) is integral to research designs involving the assessment of observational ratings by two raters. However, existing literature is often heterogeneous in reporting statistical procedures and the evaluation of IRR, although such information can impact subsequent hypothesis testing analyses.

Methods
This paper evaluates a recent publication by Chen et al., featured in BMC Nephrology, aiming to introduce an alternative statistical approach to assessing IRR and discuss its statistical properties. The study underscores the crucial need for selecting appropriate Kappa statistics, emphasizing the accurate computation, interpretation, and reporting of commonly used IRR statistics between two raters.

Results
The Cohen’s Kappa statistic is typically used for two raters dealing with two categories or for unordered categorical variables having three or more categories. On the other hand, when assessing the concordance between two raters for ordered categorical variables with three or more categories, the commonly employed measure is the weighted Kappa.

Conclusion
Chen and colleagues might have underestimated the agreement between AU5800 and UN2000. Although the statistical approach adopted in Chen et al.’s research did not alter their findings, it is important to underscore the importance of researchers being discerning in their choice of statistical techniques to address their specific research inquiries.
Exploring the role of mitochondrial-associated and peripheral neuropathy genes in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Bai Ruojing , Luo Yuanyuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent and serious complication of diabetes mellitus, impacting the nerves in the limbs and leading to symptoms like pain, numbness, and diminished function. While the exact molecular and immune mechanisms underlying DPN remain incompletely understood, recent findings indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in the advancement of this diabetic condition.

Methods
Two RNA transcriptome datasets (codes: GSE185011 and GSE95849), comprising samples from diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) patients and healthy controls (HC), were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database hosted by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Subsequently, differential expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were performed. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to pinpoint key hub genes associated with DPN, with a specific emphasis on genes related to mitochondria and peripheral neuropathy disease (PND) that displayed differential expression. Additionally, the study estimated the levels of immune cell infiltration in both the HC and DPN samples. To validate the findings, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed to confirm the differential expression of selected genes in the DPN samples.

Results
This research identifies four hub genes associated mitochondria or PN. Furthermore, the analysis revealed increased immune cell infiltration in DPN tissues, particularly notable for macrophages and T cells. Additionally, our investigation identified potential drug candidates capable of regulating the expression of the four hub genes. These findings were corroborated by qPCR results, reinforcing the credibility of our bioinformatics analysis.

Conclusions
This study provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular and immunological characteristics of DPN, based on both bioinformatics and experimental methods.
Long-term outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy with and without posterior scleral reinforcement on myopic maculopathy in myopic choroidal neovascularization eyes
Authors: Kang Meng-Tian , Wang Ningli , Xu Wenjun , Yusufu Mayinuer , Liu Wu , Tian Jiaxin , Qi Yue 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy is used for myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV). Patchy chorioretinal atrophy (pCRA) enlargement has been reported in mCNV cases associated with vision loss. Our aim was to compare the long-term effectiveness of anti-VEGF therapy alone versus anti-VEGF followed by posterior scleral reinforcement (PSR) in controlling myopic maculopathy in mCNV eyes.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of 95 high myopia patients (refractive error ≥ 6.00 diopters, axial length ≥ 26.0 mm) with mCNV. Patients were treated with anti-VEGF alone (group A) or anti-VEGF followed by PSR (group B). The following data were collected: refractive error, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ophthalmic fundus examination, ocular coherence tomography and ocular biometry at 12 and 24 months pre- and postoperatively. The primary outcomes were changes in pCRA and BCVA.

Results
In 26 eyes of 24 patients, the mean pCRA size significantly increased from baseline (0.88 ± 1.69 mm2) to 12 months (1.57 ± 2.32 mm2, t = 3.249, P = 0.003) and 24 months (2.17 ± 2.79 mm2, t = 3.965, P = 0.001) postoperatively. The increase in perilesional pCRA in group B (n = 12) was 98.2% and 94.2% smaller than that in group A (n = 14) at 12 and 24 months (Beta 0.57 [95% CI 0.01, 191 1.13], P = 0.048). In group B, 7 eyes (58.3%) gained more than 2 lines of BCVA compared with only 4 eyes (28.6%) in group A at 24 months.

Conclusion
Anti-VEGF therapy followed by PSR achieved better outcomes than anti-VEGF therapy alone in controlling the development of myopic maculopathy in mCNV and may constitute a better treatment option by securing a better long-term VA outcome.