bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity and Specificity of Pediatric Lipid Determinations for Adult Lipid Status: Findings From the Princeton Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Program Follow-up Study
Authors: Friedman Lisa Aronson , Morrison John A. , Daniels Stephen R. , McCarthy William F. , Sprecher Dennis L. 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to determine the diagnostic utility of the National Cholesterol Education Program pediatric guidelines.METHODS. With the use of pediatric lipid data from the Cincinnati Clinic of the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study and lipid and cardiovascular disease data collected for the same subjects as adults in the Princeton Follow-up Study, the sensitivity and specificity of the National Cholesterol Education Program pediatric guidelines were calculated overall and according to age. Furthermore, whether use of parental cardiovascular disease history during childhood influenced the sensitivity and specificity was assessed.RESULTS. Overall sensitivities were 43% to 46% and specificities were 82% to 86% for total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. There was considerable variation in sensitivities according to age, with the lowest sensitivities at ages 14 to 16 years and the highest sensitivities at ages 5 to 10 years and 17 to 19 years. Results were similar whether or not the population was restricted to children with a positive parental history of cardiovascular disease.CONCLUSIONS. Results of our analyses suggest that the sensitivity and specificity for evaluating total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels that are elevated in adulthood are not improved by selecting children with a positive parental history. These data also show the strong role that age (particularly the pubertal years between 10 and 15 years of age) plays in lipid measurements for children and adolescents. Continued prospective and longitudinal studies designed with age as well as other risk parameters are needed to determine the best guidelines for clinical screening in the future.
Synthesis of a Hydrothermally Stable, Periodic Mesoporous Material Containing Magnetite Nanoparticles, and the Preparation of Oriented Films
Authors: Alvaro M. , Aprile C. , Garcia H. , Gómez‐García C. J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMagnetite nanoparticles modified covalently with triethoxysilane having a quaternary dicetyl ammonium ion are used together with tetraethylorthosilicate as building blocks to prepare a mesoporous material. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is used as a structure‐directing agent under conditions typically used for mesoporous MCM‐41 silicas. The resulting mesoporous material (MAG‐MCM‐41), containing up to 15 wt % of magnetite is characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), isothermal gas adsorption, and X‐ray diffraction. In contrast to siliceous MCM‐41, mesoporous MAG‐MCM‐41 exhibits a remarkable hydrothermal stability. The magnetic properties of MAG‐MCM‐41 are characterized by DC and AC magnetic susceptibility, and by isothermal hysteresis cycles, confirming the long‐range magnetic ordering above 400 K. As evidenced by atomic force microscopy and TEM, the ability to respond to magnetic fields is used to orient films of MAG‐MCM‐41 with the channels perpendicular to a support.
A dual‐scale model for describing drier and porous medium interactions
Authors: Perré Patrick , Turner Ian W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA dual‐scale modeling approach is proposed to describe the coupling of the drier (large‐scale) and the porous medium (macroscale) throughout drying. This model is used to investigate the vacuum drying of a softwood board placed in an experimental vacuum chamber that is heated by two infrared (IR) emitters. The large‐scale model provides important information for the drying engineer to assess and tune the performance of the drier. This model allows simulation of the chamber wall and IR emitter temperature evolution, together with changes in the chamber vapor, air, and water mass balances. The comprehensive two‐dimensional drying model known as TransPore is used to determine the heat and mass transfer occurring at the macroscale of the board. Finally, four case studies are presented to elucidate the intricate coupling that exists between the chamber technical specifications and the drying behavior of the porous medium. A highlight of the dual‐scale model is its ability to predict the condensation on the walls of a poorly insulated vacuum chamber for the case of a weak pump. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Association study between genetic variants at the PIP5K2A gene locus and schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder
Authors: Jamra Rami Abou , Klein Katrin , Villela Angela Wolf , Becker Tim , Schulze Thomas G. , Schmael Christine , Deschner Monika , Klopp Norman , Illig Thomas , Propping Peter , Cichon Sven , Rietschel Marcella , Nöthen Markus M. , Schumacher Johannes 
Published: July 2006

AbstractResults from molecular and pharmacological studies point to involvement of the gene coding for the phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate 5‐kinase type II‐alpha (PIP5K2A) in the development of schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). The PIP5K2A gene locus, which is located on chromosomal region 10p12, has been implicated in the development of both disorders by independent linkage and association studies. On a cellular level, PIP5K2A is an enzyme component of the metabolism of inositol phosphate, which has been considered a potential target for the therapeutic action of lithium in BPAD patients. Given that the PIP5K2A gene is a promising candidate for the development of both disorders, we performed an association study between genetic variants at the PIP5K2A locus and 268 patients with schizophrenia, 260 patients with BPAD and 325 ethnically matched healthy controls. We failed to detect association to either disorder using PIP5K2A gene variants through single‐marker and haplotype analysis. Therefore, our data does not support an involvement of the PIP5K2A locus in the etiology of either schizophrenia or BPAD in the German population. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A study of the influence of polysaccharides on collagen self‐assembly: Nanostructure and kinetics
Authors: Tsai Shiao‐Wen , Liu Re‐Lin , Hsu Fu‐Yin , Chen Chia‐Chun 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCollagen, a critical part of the extra‐cellular matrix of tissues, is a popular native material for building scaffolding for tissue‐engineering applications. To mimic the structural and functional profiles of materials found in the native extra‐cellular matrix, numerous efforts have been made toward developing a novel scaffold combining collagen with other biomacromolecules. All of these works have been focused on improving the mechanical or biochemical properties of the collagen‐based matrix. Unfortunately, most of these studies have failed to consider the nanostructure of collagen in the complex matrix. The aim of our study was to investigate the aggregation pattern of collagen after addition of polysaccharides with positive or negative charge, the dose–response relationship, and the effect on reconstitution kinetics. Generally, collagen self‐assembles into fibrils with a diameter of around 95 nm but, in the presence of various polysaccharides in varying amounts, collagen self‐assembles into different shapes with larger diameters compared with collagen alone. Although the morphology and diameter of the collagen fibrils varies with reconstitution conditions, the D‐periods of the fibrils all remained the same regardless of the species or concentration of polysaccharides. The kinetics of fibril formation was determined from turbidity–time curves. All turbidity curves demonstrated that polysaccharides only alter the lag time and time frame of reconstitution, but have no significant effect on the mechanism of reconstitution. Together our data indicate that the presence of biomacromolecules can alter the kinetics and the 3D fibril ultrastructure of assembled collagen and that the consequent structural changes may affect cellular responses in medical applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83:381–388, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
MCM‐41 Bound Ruthenium Complex as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Hydrogenation I: Effect of Support, Ligand and Solvent on the Catalyst Performance
Authors: Yu Ying‐Min , Fei Jin‐Hua , Zhang Yi‐Ping , Zheng Xiao‐Ming 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe functionalized MCM‐41 mesoporous bound ruthenium complex was synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, BET, XRD and FTIR. Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acid was investigated over these catalysts under supercritical CO2 condition. The effect of reactant gas partial pressure, supports, solvents and ligands on the synthesis of formic acid was studied. These factors could influence the catalyst activity, stability and reuse performance greatly and no byproduct was detected. These promising catalysts also offered the industrial advantages such as easy separation.
Synthesis, X‐ray Crystal Structure and Thermal Decomposition Mechanism of [RbHTNR]∞
Authors: Zheng Hong , Zhang Tong‐Lai , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Qiao Xiao‐Jing , Yang Li , Yu Kai‐Bei 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA new compound, [RbHTNR]∞ [HTNR−: C6H(NO2)3(OH)O−], was synthesized by the reaction of rubidium nitrate and styphnic acid. The molecular structure was characterized using X‐ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The crystalline is monoclinic with space group P21/n and the empirical formula C6H2N3O8Rb. The unit cell parameters are: a=0.4525 nm, b=1.0777 nm, c=1.9834 nm, β=90.47(2)°, V=0.96725 nm3, Z=4, Dc2.263 g/cm3, Mr=329.58, F(000) =640, μ(Mo Kα)=5.165 mm−1. The thermal decomposition mechanism of the complex was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry‐derivative thermogravimetry (TG‐DTG) and FTIR techniques. At the linear rate of 10 °C/min, the thermal decomposition of the complex showed three mass reducing processes between 60 and 500 °C, and finally evolved RbCN and some gaseous products.
Lattice Energy Estimation for Complex Inorganic Ionic Crystal
Authors: Mu Lai‐Long , He Hong‐Mei , Feng Chang‐Jun 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA novel connectivity index mG based on adjacency matrix of molecular graphs was proposed as follows: mG=Σ(gi·gj·gk···)0.5. The element gi of adjacency matrix was defined as gi= (1+Zi1.4)/(1+ri1.4), where Zi and ri are the charge number and the thermochemical radius of ion i respectively, and the radii rifor metal ions are taken to be the Goldschmidt radius. The regression analysis by the connectivity index 1G can provide a high‐quality QSPR model for the lattice energies of 245 complex inorganic ionic crystal samples. The results imply that the lattice energies may be expressed as a linear model of the connectivity index 1G. For the linear model the correlation coefficient r and the standard error s are 0.9998 and 228.72 kJ/mol, respectively. The cross‐validation by the leave‐one‐out method demonstrates that the model is highly reliable from the point of view of statistics.
Synthesis of Styryl‐substituted Z/E‐Chlorin Derivatives with Chlorophyll‐a Skeleton
Authors: Wang Jin‐Jun , Li Jia‐Zhu , Wu Xu‐Ran , Shim Yong Key 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe Wittig reaction of methyl pyropheophorbide‐d 2, obtained from methyl pyropheophorbide‐a 1, with benzyltriphenylphosphonium bromide was performed to yield isomers 3a and 3b. The Vilsmeier reaction of nickel complex 4 or 7 with 3‐dimethylaminoacrolein in the presence of phosphoryl chloride was carried out to form 20‐meso‐2′‐formylvinylpyropheophorbide‐a 5 or 8, which was reacted with Wittig reagent to afford nickel complex isomers 6a and 6b or 9a and 9b, 10a and 10b.
Characteristic Fragmentation Behavior of Steroidal Phosphor‐ amidate Conjugates in Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ji San‐Hao , Ju Yong , Xiao Qiang , Zhao Yu‐Fen 
Published: July 2006

AbstractNovel steroidal phosphoramidate conjugates of 3′‐azido‐2′,3′‐dideoxythymidine (AZT) and amino acid esters were synthesized and determined by positive and negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The MS fragmentation behaviors of the steroidal phosphoramidate conjugates have been investigated in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry of ESI‐MS/MS. There were three characteristic fragment ions in the positive ion ESI mass spectra, which were the Na adduct ions with loss of steroidal moiety, amino acid ester moiety from pseudo molecular ion (M+Na)+, and the phosphoamino acid methyl ester Na adduct ion by α‐cleavage of the phosphoramidate respectively. The main fragment ions in negative ion ESI mass spectra were the ion (M−HN3)−, the ion (M−AZT−H)−, and the ion (M−steroidal moiety−H)− besides the pseudo molecular ion (M−H)−. The fragmentation patterns did not depend on the attached amino acid ester moiety.
CVD of Zr0.65Ti0.35O2 Thin Films Using a Single‐Source Precursor of Novel Anhydrous Mixed‐Metal Nitrates
Authors: Shao Q. , Li A. , Zhang W. , Wu D. , Liu Z. , Ming N. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA novel Zr/Ti mixed metal nitrate[ZrxTi1–x(NO3)4] has been successfully developed as a single‐source precursor to deposit multicomponent metal oxide films. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirm that Zr0.65Ti0.35O2 films are successfully prepared from this anhydrous nitrate precursor using CVD. The basal dielectric properties of Zr0.65Ti0.35O2 films are studied, and well‐defined C–V curves with negligible hysteresis are achieved. Compared to pure TiO2 and ZrO2 films, the Zr0.65Ti0.35O2 films exhibit a trade‐off of dielectric properties with a moderate bandgap value of 4.3 eV and a value for k of 47. ZrxTi1–xO2 is, therefore, a promising candidate for gate‐dielectric application, and an anhydrous mixed‐metal nitrate can be a potential single‐source precursor for high‐k materials derived from CVD.
Adaptive image thresholding for real‐time particle monitoring
Authors: Torabi Keivan , Sayad Saed , Balke Stephen Thomas 
Published: July 2006

AbstractImage thresholding is critical to computer vision systems designed to detect very small numbers of contaminant particles from analysis of images acquired by in‐line process monitoring. The objective of this work was to obtain a thresholding method that would permit in‐line, “real‐time,” determination of both the number of particles in an image and their size. An additional requirement was that it automatically adapt to inevitable variations in the image quality. A new global image thresholding method, the MaxMin method (“MaxMin”), was developed. MaxMin notes the size of the smallest detected particle in an image as threshold value is progressively changed from black to white. The selected threshold value is the one providing the largest size. MaxMin was tested on thousands of images, and it was shown to readily adapt to images of different background noise levels and provided particle counts as accurate as those of a human observer in less than three seconds per image. Error in particle size measurement was a function of the particle size and the image resolution. It was about 3% for 50 μm particles, using a CCD camera with 2× lens, calibrated for each pixel to represent ∼5 μm2. The error was significantly higher for smaller particles, when the same system resolution was used. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 16, 9–14, 2006
New concepts regarding focal adhesion kinase promotion of cell migration and proliferation
Authors: Cox Braden D. , Natarajan Meera , Stettner Michelle R. , Gladson Candece L. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non‐receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that plays a key role in the regulation of proliferation and migration of normal and tumor cells. FAK associates with integrin receptors and recruits other molecules to the site of this interaction thus forming a signaling complex that transmits signals from the extracellular matrix to the cell cytoskeleton. Crk‐associated substrate (CAS) family members appear to play a pivotal role in FAK regulation of cell migration. Cellular Src bound to FAK phosphorylates CAS proteins leading to the recruitment of a Crk family adaptor molecule and activation of a small GTPase and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) promoting membrane protrusion and cell migration. The relocalization of CAS and signaling through specific CAS family members appears to determine the outcome of this pathway. FAK also plays an important role in regulating cell cycle progression through transcriptional control of the cyclin D1 promoter by the Ets B and Kruppel‐like factor 8 (KLF8) transcription factors. FAK regulation of cell cycle progression in tumor cells requires Erk activity, cyclin D1 transcription, and the cyclin‐dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p27Kip1. The ability of FAK to integrate integrin and growth factor signals resulting in synergistic promotion of cell migration and proliferation, and its potential regulation by nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and p53 and a ubiquitously expressed inhibitory protein, suggest that it is remarkable in its capacity to integrate multiple extracellular and intracellular stimuli. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parkin potentiates ATP‐induced currents due to activation of P2X receptors in PC12 cells
Authors: Sato Ayumi , Arimura Yukiko , Manago Yoshimasa , Nishikawa Kaori , Aoki Kumiko , Wada Etsuko , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Osaka Hitoshi , Setsuie Rieko , Sakurai Mikako , Amano Taiju , Aoki Shunsuke , Wada Keiji , Noda Mami 
Published: July 2006

AbstractLoss‐of‐function mutations of the parkin gene causes an autosomal recessive juvenile‐onset form of Parkinson's disease (AR‐JP). Parkin was shown to function as a RING‐type E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. However, the function of parkin in neuronal cells remains elusive. Here, we show that expression of parkin‐potentiated adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐induced currents that result from activation of the P2X receptors which are widely distributed in the brain and involved in neurotransmission. ATP‐induced inward currents were measured in mock‐, wild‐type or mutant (T415N)‐parkin‐transfected PC12 cells under the conventional whole‐cell patch clamp configuration. The amplitude of ATP‐induced currents was significantly greater in wild‐type parkin‐transfected cells. However, the immunocytochemical study showed no apparent increase in the number of P2X receptors or in ubiquitin levels. The increased currents were attenuated by inhibition of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) but not protein kinase C (PKC) or Ca2+ and calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase (CaMKII). ATP‐induced currents were also regulated by phosphatases and cyclin‐dependent protein kinase 5 (CDK5) via dopamine and cyclic AMP‐regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP‐32), though the phosphorylation at Thr‐34 and Thr‐75 were unchanged or rather attenuated. We also tried to investigate the effect of α‐synuclein, a substrate of parkin and also forming Lysine 63‐linked multiubiquitin chains. Expression of α‐synuclein did not affect the amplitude of ATP‐induced currents. Our finding provides the evidence for a relationship between parkin and a neurotransmitter receptor, suggesting that parkin may play an important role in synaptic activity. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 172–182, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Snail controls differentiation of hepatocytes by repressing HNF4α expression
Authors: Cicchini Carla , Filippini Daniela , Coen Sabrina , Marchetti Alessandra , Cavallari Claudio , Laudadio Ilaria , Spagnoli Francesca M. , Alonzi Tonino , Tripodi Marco 
Published: July 2006

AbstractEpithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a coordinated process, occurring both during morphogenesis and tumor progression, that allows epithelial cells to dissociate from initial contacts and migrate to secondary sites. The transcriptional repressors of the Snail family induce EMT in different epithelial cell lines and their expression is strictly correlated with EMT during the development and progression of carcinomas. We have previously shown that EMT in hepatocytes correlates with the downregulation of hepatic differentiation key factors HNFs (hepatocyte nuclear factors), and in particular of HNF4α. Here, we demonstrate that Snail overexpression is sufficient (i) to induce EMT in hepatocytes with conversion of morphology, downregulation of several epithelial adhesion molecules, reduction of proliferation and induction of matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression and, (ii) most relevantly, to repress the transcription of the HNF4α gene through a direct binding to its promoter. These finding demonstrate that Snail is at the crossroads of the regulation of EMT in hepatocytes by a dual control of epithelial morphogenesis and differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 230–238, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Land degradation in northeastern Iceland: present and past carbon fluxes
Authors: Kardjilov M. I. , Gisladottir G. , Gislason S. R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe objectives of this paper are to define the present and past terrestrial fluxes of carbon in three river catchments in northeast Iceland and assess the effect of land degradation and future climate change on the fluxes. The carbon fluxes are: (1) present gross primary production (GPP); (2) net primary production (NPP); (3) net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of terrestrial vegetation in the catchments; (4) river transport out of the catchments of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in 1998; (5) dissolved organic carbon (DOC); (6) river particulate organic carbon (POC); and (7) the average present (prNBE) and (8) past 10 000 years net biome exchange (NBE10 000). The GPP is the largest of the carbon fluxes and increases from west to east as vegetation cover and bedrock age increase. The NPP and NEE, however, were highest in the Jökulsá á Dal catchment where wetlands are extensive. The DIC flux is the largest of the river export fluxes, being highest when the GPP is lowest, dictated by the rapid chemical weathering rate of the young basaltic rocks, rather than vegetation. Thus, a greater portion of the autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration escapes to the atmosphere where the GPP is largest. The NBE10 000 rate increases from west to east. The prNBE is negative and larger than the small positive NBE10 000 flux in the Jökulsá á Fjöllum and it is also negative in the Fellsá catchments, indicating land degradation. Conversely, the prNBE is positive and higher than NBE10 000 in the Jökulsá á Dal catchment, where soil organic carbon stock is increasing. In the future, NBE of two of the three catchments will probably increase because of climate warming and consequently increased vegetation cover and ecosystem stability. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H and 13C NMR assignments for two new xanthones from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. FRR 5657
Authors: Davis Rohan A. , Pierens Gregory K. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments are reported for the new natural products, 7‐hydroxy‐3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1‐methoxy‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one (1) and 2,5‐dihydroxy‐8‐methoxy‐6‐methyl‐9‐oxo‐9H‐xanthene ‐1‐carboxylic acid (2). Both of these secondary metabolites were isolated from the fermentation culture of the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. FRR 5657. 1D and 2D NMR experiments that included 1H, gCOSY, gHSQC and gHMBC were used for the determination of the structure and assignment of these xanthones. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.