bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of nutritional education program on micronutrient intake in children with chronic liver disease
Authors: Namjou Zahra , Jafari Seyed Ali , Rezaeian Aramesh , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Nasrfard Samira 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world that threatens the health of children due to its many complications such as malnutrition and problems related to growth and development. Paying attention to nutrition and lifestyle modification in these children is of special importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutritional education program on micronutrient intake in children with CLD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study is a two-group randomized clinical trial that was performed by available sampling and referred to Ghaem Children's Hospital in Mashhad in 2016. In this study, 77 children with CLD who met the inclusion criteria (45 children in the intervention group and 32 children in the control group) were studied. The intervention included six workshops and training on proper diet, post-workshop phone calls, and regular face-to-face counseling sessions (first 4 weeks once a week and second 4 weeks once every 2 weeks) on adherence to the above diet. Patients in the control group received routine care. The collection tools in the study included demographic information questionnaires, body composition device, and diet plan form in the form of 24-h recall forms. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical tests and Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon statistical tests using SPSS software version 16.

RESULTS:
Based on the results of the study, the mean age of the research units was 7.8 ± 3.6 years. The mean duration of CLD was 4.6 ± 1.8 years in the intervention group and 5.1 ± 1.9 years in the control group. The mean crude intake of most minerals after the intervention was significantly higher than before the intervention, except for the crude intake of retinol, thiamine, riboflavin, folate, Vitamin C, iodine, and Vitamin B12. Furthermore, in relation to the modified intake of micronutrients, the mean modified intake of most micronutrients after the intervention showed a significant increase compared to before, except for retinol, Vitamin D, niacin, B12, and iodine.

CONCLUSION:
Considering the effect of providing a nutritional education program to improve micronutrient intake in children with CLD and emphasizing the importance of adequate micronutrient intake in improving the health of children, special nutrition programs should be provided to these children with special attention. In this regard, nurses can play an important role in improving the quality of nutrition of children by providing nutrition programs with appropriate follow-up.
Comparison of health-promoting lifestyle and irrational health beliefs in healthy pregnant women and gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zeinali Atefe , Dolatian Mahrokh , Janatiataie Padideh , Shams Jamal , Nasiri Malihe 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy. The goal of this study was to compare health-promoting lifestyles and irrational health beliefs in pregnant women with GDM and healthy pregnant women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study was a descriptive causal-comparative study in which 100 eligible GDM women and 100 eligible healthy women were selected through available sampling in three referral hospitals in Tehran In 2020. In this study, the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) and the Irrational Health Beliefs Scale (IHBS) were used. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and logistic regression by SPSS 16 software.

RESULTS:
Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables of IHBS and HPLP. For every one unit increase in an IHBS score, the chance of having diabetes increases by 2.8%. In the case of HPLP, women who exercised well were 7.5% less likely to develop diabetes, and those who took good responsibility were 7.8% less likely to develop diabetes. Furthermore, in independent t-test, the HPLP variable showed a significant difference between the two groups with diabetes and healthy individuals (P < 0.001). Furthermore, in comparing the subscales of this variable, physical activity (P < 0.0001), self-fulfillment (P < 0.004), responsibility (P < 0.003), and stress control (P < 0.001), a significant difference was observed. The results of IHBS research showed a significant difference between the two groups of gestational diabetes and healthy individuals (P < 0.004).

CONCLUSION:
The results of the present study show the need to identify and focus on irrational health beliefs and health-promoting lifestyles. Modification of these psychological structures can be useful in the prevention and management of this chronic disease.
Problem-based learning as an effective method for teaching theoretical surgery courses to medical students
Authors: Davari Farzad Vaghef , Teymouri Farzad , Amoli Hadi Ahmadi , Mojtabavi Helia , Sharifi Amirsina , Alaeddini Farshid , Ashouri Mohammad , Zabihi Hossein , Shariatpanahi Ghazal , Zafarghandi Mohammadreza 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
This study was designed to assess the clinical judgment of medical students in surgery clinical decision-making by a standard examination after lecture-based learning (LBL) or problem-based learning (PBL).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A prospective randomized trial study on 175 medical students whom were randomly allocated to three groups was performed during November 2017 and January 2018. LBL group (n = 103), PBL group led by an attending (n = 39), and PBL group (n = 33) led by an intern. Chi-squared test and independent student t-test were used to compare between the two groups. All the analyses were performed by the two-sided method using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS version 22; SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), and a P < 0.05 set as statistically significant.

RESULTS:
The students in the PBL group scored significantly higher on the posttraining multiple-choice examination, compared to the LBL group (P = 0.048). However, there was no significant difference between the PBL group led by an attending and the PBL group led by an intern (P = 0.892).

CONCLUSION:
We concluded that PBL remarkably increased the students’ scores in the problem-solving examination, as compared to the conventional method. We found no significant differences in PBL facilitated by an attending or an intern.
Breakfast consumption-related perceived behaviour control and subjective norms among girl adolescents
Authors: Shirvani Nasrin , Ghaffari Mohtasham , Rakhshanderou Sakineh 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Healthy nutrition in childhood and adolescence is important for growth and development. Breakfast is the most important meal during a day, and many studies have linked eating breakfast to good health. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the subjective norms and perceived behavioural control of Iranian teenage girls about breakfast consumption and its related factors in 2018.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this descriptive-analytical study, 320 female students were enrolled using a multistage sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were evaluated. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS16 software and ANOVA and t independent tests.

RESULTS:
There was a significant relationship between students’ sleep duration and the people with whom they eat breakfast with the Motivation to Comply (P = 0.009), (P = 0.001) and subjective norms (P = 0.004), (P = 0.001) as well as between the people with whom they eat breakfast and normative beliefs (P = 0.05). There was a significant relationship between father's job and control beliefs (P = 0.03) and perceived behavioural control (P = 0.04), between household size with perceived behavioural control (P = 0.05), between sleep duration and perceived power (P < 0.001), and perceived behavioural control (P = 0.03), between the people with whom they eat breakfast with control beliefs (P < 0.001), perceived power (P < 0.001), and perceived behavioural control (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
Considering the importance of sleep duration for adolescent girls as well as eating breakfast with other family members, health policymakers are recommended to pay special attention to these two factors while designing educational interventions.
Media coverage of double masking during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mheidly Nour , Cervi Laura , Tayie Sally Samy 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Media news emerged reporting that double masking can increase protection against COVID-19. This led to differential published reports, fueling debate among the public and creating controversy and confusion. In this paper, we present a lesson plan for health communication students to enhance their critical thinking ability and equip them with the necessary tools to analyze various media texts and products.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The lesson plan included a set of activities on three different news pieces related to double masking, each published through a different media outlet: A newspaper, a television channel, and an online magazine/podcast. The lesson was designed for 120 min, over 2 days. It required a digital device and Internet access. Students were tasked to compare between the news based on set criteria and asked to provide their opinions accordingly. They were also assigned to fill out an inverted pyramid for further analysis and interpretation.

RESULTS:
Students were assessed through a rubric that evaluated gained competencies after lesson completion. The rubric is composed of five elements to assess the students’ performances. Elements included filling assigned cells and diagrams, usage of proper English, validation of news sources and reported facts, critical analysis of findings, and finishing the lesson on time.

CONCLUSION:
This lesson plan enhanced the ability of students to understand and analyze various media texts and validate the content and perspectives published through the different platforms.
Investigating preventive health behaviors against COVID-19 in elementary school students’ parents
Authors: Bagherzadeh Maryam , Salehi Leili , Mahmoodi Zohreh 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Parents act as a role model for children in showing health behaviors. This study investigated factors affecting the preventive behavior in elementary school students’ parents based on protection motivation theory (PMT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran (Iran) in 2020. Multistage sampling was used to choose 660 elementary school students’ parents. The data collection instrument was a multi-sectional questionnaire, including sections on demographic characteristics, PMT constructs, self-reported health, and information sources related to COVID-19. In this study, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistical methods (Pearson correlation and path analysis) were used to analyze the data. The range of Cronbach's alpha of the study instrument varied from 0.71 to 0.97.

RESULTS:
The results of the current study revealed significant association between all PMT constructs and preventive behaviors. Knowledge from both direct and indirect paths was related to preventive behaviors (B = 0.76). Preventive behaviors had the strongest, direct relationship with age (B = 0.76). Based on the final fitted model, knowledge had the greatest impact on preventive behaviors through indirect and direct routes.

CONCLUSION:
Knowledge was the most important variable which influenced preventive behavior, and it should be noticed in prevention programs.
The effect of positive psychotherapy on happiness and character strength in cancer patients
Authors: Meibodi Raheleh Papeli , Meftagh Sayyed Davood , Shahangian Seyedeh Shohreh 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Cancer is one of the major health problems across the world that poses a great threat to human health and active life in all age groups, causing numerous personal, familial, and social damages in physical, mental and spiritual dimensions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of positive psychotherapy on happiness, character strengths, pleasure, commitment, and semantic measures in the lives of people with cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Within the framework of a quasi-experimental design, 58 patients suffering from cancer meeting the inclusion criteria (disease history and married) were selected via purposeful sampling method. However, only 30 of the patients met the required criteria to participate in all psychotherapy sessions. The participants were then randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups (15 participants per group). The intervention group received eight 120-min sessions of positive psychotherapy on a weekly basis while the control group was put on the waiting list. Data collection tools included the Oxford Happiness-Depression Questionnaire and Values in Action-Inventory of Strengths. The participants completed the questionnaires before and after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted by analysis of covariance.

RESULTS:
The results of covariance analysis suggested that the use of positive psychotherapy has been effective on increasing happiness (F = 0.129, P = 0.005), increasing character strength (F = 27.55, P = 0.001), increasing the semantic measures (F = 15.23, P = 0.002), increasing pleasure (F = 8.51, P = 0.005), and commitment (F = 64.19, P = 0.001) among patients with cancer.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of the present study indicated that positive psychotherapy has been effective on happiness, strengths, pleasure, commitment, and semantic measures of the life among people with cancer. Positive psychotherapy can be used to minimize the effects of cancer on patients.
Training needs assessment of intensive care nurses in Zabol University of Medical Sciences’ Hospitals
Authors: Vatani Javad , Javadifar Shima , Rabori Mohammad Ali Shahabi , Khanikosarkhizi Zahra , Bardsirii Tayebeh Ilaghinezhad , Mazloumi Ehsan , Dehghan Naser , Moghaddam Ali Sadeghi , Khammar Alireza , Raei Mehdi 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The improvement of the knowledge, skill, and attitude of nurses working at the intensive care unit (ICU) through implementing training need assessment and holding continuous in-service training courses are of main requisites for providing better health services to the community. Based on this, in the present work, we are looking for the identification and prioritization of the training need of intensive care nurses in the Zabol University of Medical Sciences’ hospitals.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
As a cross-sectional, descriptive study, including two phases of identification and prioritization of training needs of ICU nurses, it was conducted by a close-ended researcher-made questionnaire for collecting the data on training needs from the viewpoint nursing officials, supervisors, and head nurses of the ICU wards in the first phase and a multiple-choice scientific test plus a checklist for measuring the knowledge and skill of the nurses in the ICU in the second phase. In both phases, census method was used for collecting the data. The validity and reliability of data-gathering tools, mentioned above, were tested and verified before gathering data. Data were analyzed with the descriptive statistics.

RESULTS:
The results indicated that ventilator setting according to arterial blood gas sampling and interpretation (77.81), cardiac monitoring, detecting dysrhythmia and taking immediate intervention (73.04), ventilator setting according to patient's respiratory status (68.61), airway management, oxygenation and intubation (64.39), and adults cardiopulmonary resuscitation (61.77) were the high-priority training needs of the nurses successively.

CONCLUSION:
To improve the quality of training programs and upgrading the knowledge, skill, and attitude of nurses working at ICU, the significance and the weight of each training titles should be determined according to the standards and the continuous in-service training plan along with nurses’ training needs and duties.
Health-care reform implementation challenges at suburban areas in Isfahan province
Authors: Shaarbafchizadeh Nasrin , Fouladi Zahra , Aqdak Pejman , Raeisi Ahmad Reza 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Health system reform plan in public health sector in Iran in the first phase focused on improving primary health care in suburban areas in and around big cities. The present study was conducted to assess the implementation process challenges of the reform plan in comprehensive health service centers at suburban areas of Isfahan in 2019.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach was conducted in 2019. Participants were purposefully selected and interviewed at provincial levels from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences health department and health-care providers of comprehensive health services centers. The saturation point was reached after 21 face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze transcribed documents assisted by MAXQDA version 10.

RESULTS:
The results revealed four main themes; the human resource management, the executive management, the electronic infrastructure, and the resource management. The major challenges in the implementation planning process included: the referral system, monitoring and supervision, electronic services infrastructure in the design and development of the EHR called the SIB system, lack of instructions guide, salaries and benefits, inconsistent financial and human resources and inappropriate allocation of theses resources.

CONCLUSION:
Despite the achievements in the development of the Iran health system reform plan, there were many challenges in the implementation planning process. It is recommended that theses challenges be reviewed and amended by health system managers and policymakers.
Breast cancer screening behavior and its associated factors in female employees in South Khorasan
Authors: Tahergorabi Zoya , Mohammadifard Mahyar , Salmani Fatemeh , Moodi Mitra 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Breast cancer is a preventable disease, using three secondary preventive methods of mammography, clinical breast examination (CBE), and breast self-examination (BSE) that can lead to early detection of breast cancer. This study was designed to assess breast cancer screening behavior and its associated factors in females employed in South Khorasan.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this analytic-descriptive study, 2256 female personnel of governmental organizations were investigated in Birjand city in 2016–2017. The data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire: sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about breast cancer screening methods plus women's performance, and stage of change regarding screening behaviors of mammography, CBE, and BSE. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 and one-way analysis variance, Tukey's post hoc, and multiple logistic regression model statistical tests.

RESULTS:
The mean ± standard deviation score of knowledge of the women was 3.45 ± 1.5. There was a significant difference of the mean score of knowledge between the single and married (P = 0.03) and age group (P = 0.04). The stage action of mammography, CBE, and BSE was 6.8%, 12.3%, and 16.8%, respectively. Logistic regression model showed that variables such as age and family history of breast cancer were highly significant related to mammography and also CBE. Knowledge was also highly significant in mammography, CBE, and BSE. Education level in CBE, marital status in BSE and mammography, and job in BSE were also significant (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study reveals insufficient knowledge of female workers about breast cancer and the negative influence of low knowledge on the practice of breast cancer screening behavior. Therefore, the establishment and maintenance of regular educational courses for female employees is essential.
Evaluation and comparison of the dermatology program for medical students at the University of Chile with other national and foreign universities
Authors: Rojas Camilo , Valenzuela Fernando , Folch Hugo 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The National Examination of Knowledge in Medicine establishes the knowledge profile (PdC) a physician must possess to practice public medicine in Chile. However, no study has evaluated the perception of dermatology training regarding the acquisition of the minimum competencies required. This study described and compared the impressions of the dermatology training received by the University of Chile (UCh) graduates with graduates from other national and international faculties of medicine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional study, based on a single survey model, applied via E-mail to registered physicians in an online database, with emphasis on UCh medicine graduates, from the generations 2012 to 2016. The data were collected anonymously, tabulated, and analyzed in MINITAB.

RESULTS:
From 908 UCh graduates, 141 surveys were answered (15.5%). Nine of 10 physicians considered “important” to obtain knowledge in dermatology. About 68.8% found the information they received was adequate. When comparing UCh graduates with other Chilean universities, UCh graduates had a slightly better impression of their training. When comparing Chilean versus foreign graduates, the latter presented a better perception of their preparation in cutaneous pathology.

CONCLUSION:
UCh graduates were satisfied with their dermatological training at the undergraduate level and felt better prepared than colleagues from other Chilean universities when facing cutaneous pathologies.