bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgery for Symptomatic Spinal Metastases – When, What, and How?
Authors: Sundar I. Vijay 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Spine is the most common site for metastases in the skeletal system. Longer lifespans of patients with common cancers are translating into increasing incidence of patients with symptomatic spinal metastases. Surgery for spinal metastases offers immediate neurological decompression with stabilization and preservation of quality-of-life parameters.

Objectives:
To assess the effect of pre operative neurological condition, timing, and type of surgery on post operative neurological function and long-term outcome. To analyze the various sources of primary in cases of symptomatic spinal metastases and the spinal level involved in terms of post operative neurological function and ambulation.

Material and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of all operated cases of symptomatic spinal metastases at our institute over a period of 5 years was performed. Parameters such as neurological presentation, timing of surgery, source of primary, radiological features of the metastases were assessed and compared with the type of surgery performed, post operative neurological function and long-term outcome. The in house hospital information system was to collect data.

Results:
A total of ninety-four patients were operated for symptomatic spinal metastases, the dorsal spine was the most common location and haematological malignancies were the most common primary overall and among men whereas breast was the most common primary in females. Overall, 64.8% of the patients had neurological motor deficit of which 72% had an improvement in motor power. We found that patients with a pre operative motor power of 3/5 or more likely to have in improvement in post operative neurological function and ambulatory status.

Conclusion:
Surgery for symptomatic spinal metastases plays a vital role in preserving the quality of life of the patients. Patients with preoperative motor power of 3/5, spastic tone and features of mechanical back pain alone have good ambulatory outcomes post spine surgery.
Symptomatic Long-segment Extradural Arachnoid Cyst: An Interesting Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Singh Guramritpal , Maurya Ved Prakash , Bhaisora Kamlesh Singh , Srivastava Arun Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Extradural spinal arachnoid cysts are rare lesions which when become symptomatic lead to progressive neurological signs and symptoms. The spectrum of presentation is myriad and surgical intervention is reserved for symptomatic patients. A 17-year-old boy presented with features of progressive spastic paraparesis for the last 5 months. Initial radiological work-up was suggestive of thoracolumbar extradural cystic lesion. Computed tomography myelography was not able to detect the dural defect. He underwent surgical excision of the cyst under intraoperative neuromonitoring. The lesion was excised in single piece and the intradural communication was noticed along an exiting nerve root. The dural defect at the mid-length of the lesion was identified and closed watertight. Significant improvement in the sensory-motor complaints was noted in the postoperative period. The identification of the dural defect and ensuring its closure along with the complete removal of the cyst is the key to avoid recurrence and is the standard procedure of choice.
Giant Invasive Schwannomas of C1 Root – Technical Challenges and Report of the First Two Cases in Literature
Authors: Sridhar K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Giant invasive schwannomas (GISs) have been defined as different from other spinal schwannomas. C1 schwannomas are rare and often described with other high cervical tumors. GISs of C1 have not been previously described. Two cases of GIS are reported. In both patients, presenting with myelopathy, the lesions were extradural and intradural with posterior, lateral, and anterior extensions, compressing the cervicomedullary junction (CMJ) and displacing it. The V3-4 segments of the vertebral artery (VA) were closely associated. A posterolateral approach was used to initially expose and debulk the extradural portion of the lesion, which allowed access to the intradural component. The latter was followed anterior and/or posterior to the CMJ and excised completely. The tumors were dissected at the VA. Bleeding from the perivertebral venous plexus was controlled using topical hemostats. A small bit of tumor was left in a blind area anterior to the C1 arch in one patient. There were no complications and both patients improved in the postoperative period. GIS of the C1 are rare lesions in a difficult location. Complex relationships to the CMJ, lower cranial nerves, VA, and bony spine need a careful preoperative understanding of the anatomy and planning of surgery.
PELAKSANAAN ASAS HUKUM RETROAKTIF TERHADAP PENEGAKAN HUKUM PIDANA MATRILL
Authors: Asmara Triputra Yuli , Hasyim Rohman 
Published: March 2024

Abstrak
Persoalan retroaktif sendiri muncul sebagai konsekuensi diterapkannya asas legalitas. Asas legalitas sendiri dapat dikaji berdasarkan berbagai aspek, seperti aspek historis, aspek sosio kriminologis, aspek pembaharuan hukum dalam kaitannya dengan pandangan secara imperatif dan linier, aspek yang terkait dengan politik kriminal serta kajian dari perspektif weltanschaung kita yaitu Pancasila, kajian dari masing-masing aspek ini memberi implikasi yang berbeda mengenai asas legalitas yang mana dalam pandangan ilmu pengetahuan perbedaan itu justru akan memperkaya khasanah ilmu hukum pidana itu sendiri, Larangan pemberlakuan surut suatu peraturan pidana (retroaktif) yang tercantum dalam Pasal 28 I ayat (1) UUD 1945 Amandemen Kedua menimbulkan implikasi peraturan di bawah UUD 1945 tidak dapat mengeyampingkan asas tersebut. Pemberlakuan Asas Retroaktif hanya berkaitan dengan hukum pidana materiil. Dari kalimat “nullum delictum” yang artinya “tidak ada delik” dan “nulla poena” yang artinya “tidak ada pidana” menunjukan bahwa hal tersebut merupakan ranah hukum pidana materiil. Pemberlakuan Asas Retroaktif tidak dapat diberlakukan dalam hukum pidana formil secara umum yakni KUHAP, namun Asas Retroaktif dapat diberlakukan dalam hukum pidana formil secara khusus yakni dalam Undang-Undang KPK.
Kata Kunci : Asas Legalitas, Asas Retroaktif, Penegakan Hukum

Abstract
Retroactive problems arise as a consequence of the application of the principle of legality. The principle of legality itself can be studied based on various aspects, such as historical aspects, socio-criminological aspects, aspects of legal reform in relation to imperative and linear views, aspects related to criminal politics and studies from our Weltanschaung perspective, namely Pancasila, a study of each aspect This gives different implications regarding the principle of legality which in the view of science the difference will actually enrich the repertoire of criminal law itself. The prohibition of retroactive application of a criminal regulation contained in Article 28 I paragraph (1) of the Second Amendment of the 1945 Constitution raises the implications of regulations under the 1945 Constitution cannot override this principle. The application of the Retroactive Principle is only related to material criminal law. From the sentences "nullum delictum" which means "no offense" and "nulla poena" which means "no crime" shows that this is the realm of material criminal law. The application of the Retroactive Principle cannot be applied to formal criminal law in general, namely the Criminal Procedure Code, but the Retroactive Principle can be applied to formal criminal law specifically, namely the KPK Law.
‘’Comparative outcome study between simple closure and flap technique in Pilonidal sinus disease’’
Authors: Osmanoglu Dr. Gokhan 
Published: March 2024

I have read the interesting article ‘’Comparative outcome study between simple closure and flap technique in Pilonidal sinus disease’’ by Dr. Ram Magar and Dr. Rupali Magar published in your journal on 15th March 2022. According to this valuable study; Limberg flap method has has been found to have better outcome with less wound infection, wound disruption, postoperative discharge and recurrence rate compared to simple closure group. And as stated, it is safe and easy procedure. So it is recommended that Limberg flap method should be used in the treatment of pilonidal sinus disease over other modalities.[1]
In our 767 patients study group results, we had recommended Limberg Flap Repair Technique for surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus disease. This technique had an acceptable “short” ‘Return to Work Outcome’ when compared with open techniques. Also had the smallest postoperative infection rate and low recurrence rate.
Still in our daily surgical practice, earlier healing, shorter return to work, lower rates of infection and recurrence are the major factors that make us to use Limberg Flap Repair Technique mostly. Moreover, it is easy, fast, and practical to apply.[2]
Approach To Pregnant Women with Mechanical Mitral Valve Prosthesis: A Case Report
Authors: Dağıstanlı Funda , Oyardı Pelin 
Published: March 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. The management of pregnant women with mechanical valve prosthesis is difficult. Fetal-maternal mortality and morbidity are high. Selection of the most appropriate anticoagulant that will minimize fetal, maternal mortality and avoid embryopathy risk should be tailored according to the needs of each individual patient.
In this paper, in the light of the literature, we aimed to discuss our patient, who delivered at 39th gestational week after a pregnancy before which she had not been provided with prepregnancy counseling and during which she did not attend follow-up visits.
These patients prepregnancy counseling, follow-up visits, anticoagulant management during pregnancy, and prophylaxis and management of complications at the postpartum period are very important and require close follow-up.
The assessment of serum uric acid-to-HDL cholesterol ratio as a new predictor of mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Genç Ömer , Yıldırım Abdullah , Özkan Eyüp 
Published: March 2024

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the Uric Acid-to-High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio (UHR) as a novel inflammatory and metabolic marker for mortality in patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI).
Methods: This retrospective, single-center, cross-sectional, observational study enrolled 1361 patients diagnosed with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) from March 2021, to January 2022. The participants were categorized into two groups: those experiencing in-hospital mortality (n=100) and those without in-hospital mortality (n=1265).
Results: In-hospital mortality occurred in 100 patients (7.3%). UHR was notably higher in the mortality group compared to the non-mortality group (23.6±14.9% vs. 15.3±6.9%, p
The Immunomodulatory Effects of Herbal Supplements in Poultry
Authors: Michael Catherine 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The general purpose of the study was to explore the immunomodulatory effects of herbal supplements in poultry.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to immunomodulatory effects of herbal supplements in poultry. Preliminary empirical review revealed that herbal extracts enhanced immune parameters, such as lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, suggesting their potential to improve poultry health and disease resistance. The diverse mechanisms of action of phytochemicals underscored the complexity of herbal supplements' effects on poultry immunity, while considerations such as formulation and environmental factors influenced their efficacy. Overall, while further research is warranted to optimize formulations and deepen our understanding of mechanisms, herbal supplements show considerable promise as alternatives to conventional additives in poultry production, offering holistic and sustainable approaches to enhancing poultry health and welfare.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Systems Biology theory, Ecological Systems theory and Ethnopharmacology theory may be used to anchor future studies on immunomodulatory effects of herbal supplements in poultry. The study provided recommendations that contributed to theory, practice, and policy in poultry production and animal health. The findings advanced theoretical knowledge by elucidating the complex interactions between phytochemicals and the avian immune system. In practice, recommendations supported the incorporation of herbal supplements into poultry diets to promote immune health and disease resistance, benefiting poultry producers, veterinarians, and feed manufacturers. Moreover, policy recommendations advocated for regulatory frameworks supporting the use of herbal supplements and education initiatives aimed at enhancing stakeholder awareness and understanding. Collaboration between academia, industry, and government agencies was recommended to further research and innovation, while international cooperation facilitated knowledge exchange and harmonization of standards.
Keywords: Immunomodulatory, Herbal Supplements, Poultry, Phytochemicals, Immune Function, Sustainable, Regulation, Collaboration, International Cooperation
The Role of Gesture in Multimodal Communication
Authors: Masiala Peter 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The general objective of the study was to examine the role of gesture in multimodal communication.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the role of gesture in multimodal communication. Preliminary empirical review revealed that that gestures play a crucial role in multimodal communication, serving as more than mere supplements to verbal discourse. Through theoretical frameworks like social semiotics and empirical research across various contexts, it was found that gestures enhance comprehension, memory retention, and social interactions. The findings emphasized the importance of recognizing and leveraging gestures in communication, urging educators, communicators, and policymakers to develop strategies that harness the full potential of multimodal communication for fostering understanding and connection in diverse settings.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Cognitive Load theory, Symbolic Interactionism and Social Semiotics model may be used to anchor future studies on the role of gestures in multimodal communication. The study recommended integrating gesture theories within existing communication frameworks, enriching theoretical discourse and offering new perspectives on multimodal communication dynamics. Practically, it advocated for incorporating gesture-based interventions in education and professional settings to enhance communication effectiveness and build rapport. At the policy level, it called for the integration of multimodal communication strategies into educational curricula and workplace training programs to support inclusive and effective communication practices. The study also suggested further research into the cognitive mechanisms of gesture production and comprehension, alongside the development of technology-mediated communication tools and guidelines for inclusive communication practices. Additionally, it proposed interdisciplinary collaborations to advance understanding of multimodal communication processes and drive innovation in the field.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS ON SIDEROPHORE PRODUCTION BY MARINE Pseudomonas aeruginosa MGPB31
Authors: Uchgaonkar Priti , Singh Sunita , Dasgupta Debjani 
Published: March 2024

Siderophores are low molecular weight compounds secreted by bacteria that
bind ferric iron with extremely high affinity. The siderophores help bacteria to
meet their iron needs under stress conditions as these compounds help in the
transport and storage of soluble form of iron in cells. In current study, we report
the effect of various physicochemical parameters that influence siderophore
production in marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa MGPB31. Siderophore
production was assayed using Chrome Azurol S (CAS) shuttle assay. The
maximum siderophore production (56% SU) was obtained in minimal M9
medium after 72 h incubation, followed by succinate medium (52% SU) and
King’s medium (51% SU). The M9 medium was then modified by replacing its
carbon, nitrogen and phosphate source. Enhanced siderophore production was
observed in modified medium comprising of glycerol (70% SU), tri ammonium
citrate (67% SU) and KH2PO4 (64% SU). The medium supplemented with iron
exhibited a significant reduction in siderophore production. The effect of
physical parameters like temperature, pH and agitation on siderophore
production revealed that the isolate exhibited maximum siderophore production
under static conditions in modified M9 medium devoid of iron at 25 ± 2°C and
neutral pH. The enhanced siderophore production obtained by marine P.
aeruginosa MGPB31 indicates its further applicability in fields of industry
agriculture and environment.
Sex/gender differences in the level and variability of autistic traits: a meta-analysis of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient
Authors: Barańczuk Urszula , Goncikowska Katarzyna , Pisula Ewa , Pisula Wojciech 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the influence of sex/gender on the level and variability of autistic traits in both autistic and neurotypical samples.Participants and procedureA systematic search was conducted in the PubMed and EBSCOhost databases in April and May 2019 as well as September 2020. Studies were included if they contained information about mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) statistics of the Au-tism-Spectrum Quotient in a group with autism and typically developing participants. Calculations were performed using a random-effects model with study subgroups as the unit of analysis.ResultsA total of 307 articles were chosen for further analysis with 634 786 participants in the studies evaluating the effect of sex/gender on the level of autistic traits and 495 840 individuals in the analyses examining the effect of sex/gender on the variability of autistic traits. Sex/gender moderated mainly the level of total autistic traits score (Q = 22.34, p ≤ .001) in that the level became higher as more males/men were included in the study but only in the neurotypical sample. The variability was higher in males/men than in females/women in the total level of autistic traits, social behaviors/social skills, commu-nication/mindreading, attention to details/patterns, and attention switching/tolerance of change in a clinical and a non-clinical group of women (from variance =1.65, Q = 59, I2 = 61.02, τ2 = 360.20 to variance = 56.69, Q = 47.19, I2 = 59.22, τ2 = 8719.17). Furthermore, the impact of sex/gender on the level and variability of autistic traits was more pronounced in the neurotypical group than in the autism sample.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that males/men tend to display more pronounced and varied autistic traits than females/women. Further research is necessary to gain a better understanding of the scope and nature of these sex/gender differences.
INNOVATIONS IN BUSINESS DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION: CASE STUDIES FROM THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR
Authors: David Olanrewaju Olutimehin  , Onyeka Chrisanctus Ofodile  , Irunna Ejibe  , Olusegun Gbenga Odunaiya  , Oluwatobi Timothy Soyombo  
Published: March 2024

The review explores innovations in business diversity and inclusion within the renewable energy sector through a series of case studies. As the renewable energy industry continues to grow and diversify, there is increasing recognition of the importance of fostering diverse and inclusive workplaces to drive innovation, enhance decision-making, and better serve diverse communities. This review presents six case studies that highlight various aspects of diversity and inclusion initiatives implemented by companies operating in the renewable energy sector. The case studies cover leadership initiatives aimed at promoting diversity at the executive level, workforce diversity strategies focusing on recruitment and training programs, supplier diversity initiatives aimed at engaging with diverse suppliers, community engagement and partnership strategies, innovative approaches to inclusive design, and the establishment of metrics and accountability frameworks to track progress. By examining these case studies, this review sheds light on the innovative practices and strategies adopted by companies in the renewable energy sector to create more inclusive and equitable workplaces, strengthen community relationships, and drive sustainable business growth. These insights contribute to the broader conversation on the role of diversity and inclusion in fostering innovation and driving positive social impact within the renewable energy industry.
Keywords: Innovations, Business Diversity, Inclusion, Renewable Energy Sector, Case Studies, Leadership Initiatives.
The sampling method for optimal precursors of El Niño–Southern Oscillation events
Authors: Shi Bin , Ma Junjie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a significant climate phenomenon that appears periodically in the tropical Pacific. The intermediate coupled ocean–atmosphere Zebiak–Cane (ZC) model is the first and classical one designed to numerically forecast the ENSO events. Traditionally, the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) approach has been used to capture optimal precursors in practice. In this paper, based on state-of-the-art statistical machine learning techniques1, we investigate the sampling algorithm proposed in Shi and Sun (2023) to obtain optimal precursors via the CNOP approach in the ZC model. For the ZC model, or more generally, the numerical models with a large number O(104−105) of degrees of freedom, the numerical performance, regardless of the statically spatial patterns and the dynamical nonlinear time evolution behaviors as well as the corresponding quantities and indices, shows the high efficiency of the sampling method compared to the traditional adjoint method. The sampling algorithm does not only reduce the gradient (first-order information) to the objective function value (zeroth-order information) but also avoids the use of the adjoint model, which is hard to develop in the coupled ocean–atmosphere models and the parameterization models. In addition, based on the key characteristic that the samples are independently and identically distributed, we can implement the sampling algorithm by parallel computation to shorten the computation time. Meanwhile, we also show in the numerical experiments that the important features of optimal precursors can still be captured even when the number of samples is reduced sharply.