bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trichoscopic Features in Female Pattern Hair Loss: 1-Year Hospital-Based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kothari Chintan Ramesh , Patil Shivakumar 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) a nonscarring alopecia, is a common cause of hair loss in women. FPHL shows miniaturization of the hair follicles with thinning of hair. Scalp biopsy is diagnostic of FPHL but usually not needed. Trichoscopy a noninvasive higher magnification method (vs. scalp biopsy) for diagnosis of hair loss allows measurement of anisotrichosis characteristic of FPHL.

Materials and methods:
A total of 110 patients with clinically diagnosed FPHL of all grades were subjected to clinical and trichoscopic examination, and findings were looked for and compared with the occipital region serving as control.

Results:
Trichoscopic features apart from yellow dots and 2–3 hairs per unit follicle (HU) were statistically significant like hair diameter diversity, brown and white peripilar sign, one hair per follicular unit, white dots (WD), fine scaling, and honey-comb pigmentation (HCP). Focal atrichia, 2–3 hairs/HU, WD, HCP correlated with the grade of hair loss.

Conclusion:
Trichoscopy could be excellent tool for diagnosing FPHL in early stages and may aid in differentiating it from other conditions like chronic telogen effluvium and obviating the need of painful procedures like scalp biopsy. The study lacks histo-pathological and hormonal investigations however past studies done have already established correlation of trichoscopic and histo-pathological changes.
Diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion-weighted imaging with dynamic susceptibility contrast in differentiating World Health Organization Grade-I meningioma from high-grade meningioma with histopathology as gold standard
Authors: Mukku Srinivas Reddy , Malikireddy Pruthvi , Karpur Santosh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Conventional magnetic resonance imaging may not be able to distinguish between the benign and malignant forms of meningioma. It has some limitations such as differentiating the grades of malignant meningioma. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) techniques can help to overcome these problems.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to study the diagnostic accuracy of DWI and PWI with dynamic susceptibility contrast in the differentiating World Health Organization Grade-I meningioma from high-grade meningioma with histopathology as the gold standard.

Settings and Design:
A hospital-based diagnostic evaluation study was carried out at the Department of Radio Diagnosis, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty cases of suspected meningioma were included in the study. The histopathology was the gold standard in this diagnostic evaluation study. DWI and PWI with dynamic susceptibility contrast results were compared against the gold standard.

Statistical Analysis:
Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and the negative predictive value were calculated to study the efficacy of DWI compared to histopathology as the gold standard.

Results:
The males (24%) were lesser than the females (76%). The female-to-male ratio was 3.2:1. The diagnostic accuracy values of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with 0.6 as cutoff were sensitivity = 81.8%, specificity = 97.4%, positive predictive value = 90%, negative predictive value = 95%, and area under curve = 0.98 (95% confidence interval = 0.93–0.99) P = 0.0003. Thus, DWI using ADC with 0.6 as cutoff was found to be a very good diagnostic noninvasive tool. The diagnostic accuracy values of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) with 0.6 as cutoff were sensitivity = 90.5%, specificity = 98.7%, positive predictive value = 91.8%, and negative predictive value = 98.5%. Thus, DWI using rCBV with 2.52 as cutoff was found to be a very good diagnostic noninvasive tool.

Conclusion:
The ADC with cutoff of 0.6 and rCBV with cutoff value of 2.52 yield very good sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and the negative predictive value as compared to histopathology. Hence, they can be used as noninvasive technique in differentiating Grade I meningioma from that of high-grade meningioma.
Choriocarcinoma presenting as late postpartum hemorrhage in a 21-year-old primipara
Authors: Cruz Shelyne Rose Soriano , Jacinto Elizabeth Karunungan 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Obstetrical hemorrhage remains to be one of the most common causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Postpartum hemorrhage occurs after delivery and is usually secondary to uterine atony, genital tract lacerations, and retained placental fragments.

CASE:
A case of a 21-year old, primipara, presented with profuse vaginal bleeding and hemoptysis at 3 weeks' postpartum. A clinical diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia was established after an elevated serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin was obtained and an intrauterine mass was seen on ultrasonography, including metastasis to the lungs and liver seen through imaging studies.

DISCUSSION:
Chemotherapy with etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and oncovin (EMACO) is the mainstay treatment for Stage IV disease. However, complications such as hemorrhage and tumor rupture are best managed surgically. Although rare, a diagnosis of choriocarcinoma should be considered in patients with persistent bleeding after a normal pregnancy to institute proper management and avoid associated complications of tumor progression.
A comparative analysis of two national tuberculosis reporting systems and their impact on tuberculosis case notification in Uganda
Authors: Timothy Kiyemba , Rita Makabayi-Mugabe , Nicholas Sebuliba Kirirabwa , Philip Tumwesigye , Stella Zawedde-Muyanja , Andrew Ocero , Abel Nkolo , Ebony Quinto , Stavia Turyahabwe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground: Before 2018, the use of parallel tuberculosis (TB) reporting systems was resource intensive with duplication of efforts and hence the need to select one that contributed to better TB case notification at the National TB and Leprosy Program (NLTP) in Uganda. We sought to analyse the difference in reporting rates between the two systems in order to improve NTLP TB case notification rates, logistics management, and planning for better health service delivery initiatives.
Methods: We conducted a comparative study to assess TB case notification between the web-based DHIS2 and the district TB supervisor-led health management information system between January 2016 to December 2017. We used Poisson regression analysis to assess the statistical differences in reporting rates between the two reporting systems.
Results: The association between TB case notification and the type of reporting system was statistically significant (Prob > chi2 = 0.0000). The Incident Rate Ratio (IRR) for the web-enabled DHIS2 system versus the district TB supervisor-led health management information system was 1.106625.Conclusion: The web-based integrated DHIS2 system was more effective in reporting missing TB cases. It presents an opportunity for better planning and allocation of resources for improved service delivery in a low-income setting.
The effect of midwifery students’ changing life conditions and e-learning experiences on the state of their anxiety and hopelessness during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Mesude Uluşen , Özçoban Filiz Aslantekin , Elif Çilesiz 
Published: April 2024

Background: Giving the existing formal education through the internet without a planned transition to distance educationnegatively affected the learning processes of the students.
Objectives: The study aims to identify the midwifery students’ changing life conditions and e- learning experiences on the stateof their anxiety and hopelessness during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Methods: Designed as cross-sectional research, the study was performed with the participation of 1,296 midwifery undergraduatestudents. The survey form comprised of questions that explored the students’ demographic characteristics, life conditionschanging during the Covid-19 pandemic and distance education experiences, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, and theBeck Hopelessness Scale were used in the data collection.
Findings: It was discerned that, of the participant midwifery students, 55.2% spent the period of the pandemic in the provincecenter, 51.7% used smartphones to have access to the distance education, 50.3% had trouble in following up the coursesdue to the limited computer and internet access, 63.5% failed to follow up the courses because of the infrastructure problemsrelated to the distance education. It was found that, of the participant midwifery students, 54.6% exhibited anxiety symptomsand 26.3% had hopelessness symptoms. It was identified that having trouble in following up the courses increased anxiety by1.438 times (CI:1.103-1.875) and hopelessness by 1.980 times (CI:1.459-2.687), having tensions in the family relations increasedanxiety by 2.362 times (CI:1.780-3.134) and hopelessness by 1.789 times (CI:1.235-2.594), and having psychological support foranxiety and worry increased anxiety by 2.914 times (CI:2.208-3.8477) and hopelessness by 1.875 times (CI:1.083-3.247). It wasascertained that hopelessness increased anxiety by 2.878 times (CI:2.075-3.991) whilst anxiety increased hopelessness by 2.755times (CI:1.985-3.823) (p<0.05).
Conclusion: As well as the Covid-19 pandemic, health, social life, and economic changes; the digital separation that accompaniesdistance education also affects the students’ mental health. Solving the technical problems experienced in distance education,facilitating the follow-up of the courses, and equipping the midwifery students with problem-solving and coping skills willbe useful for reducing the midwifery students’ hopelessness and anxiety levels.
Keywords: Midwife; anxiety; pandemics.
A case report: recurrent anemia related to long term acyclovir use in a pregnant HIV infected Ugandan
Authors: Nambuya Mariam , Mayanja-Kizza Harriet 
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This case report describes a pregnant patient with recent diagnosis of Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV) infection initiated on Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) in the second trimester, as well as high dose acyclovir high for large infected genital warts. She had no other HIV related opportunistic infections, and no prior anti tuberculosis treatment or preventive medication. Despite little response to acyclovir, patient was continuing on acyclovir for over 4 months. She subsequently developed recurrent anemia requiring frequent transfusion (14 units in total) over a 6-week period.
On stopping acyclovir, the anemia subsided, a few weeks later she had a normal delivery, followed by surgical removal of the warts. At a follow-up 8 months later, she was well, with a healthy baby, and reported no other episodes of blood transfusion.
Keywords: Recurrent anemia; acyclovir; herpes genitalis; HIV; ART.
Perception and Utilization of Traditional Birth Attendants by Pregnant Women Attending Primary Health Care Clinics in Bosso Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Ilori O.R. , Okonkwo C.C. , Fatoye O.A. , Awodutire P.O. 
Published: April 2024

Background: Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) play a significant role in maternal healthcare in Nigeria, particularly in rural areas. This study assessed the perception and utilisation of TBAs among pregnant women attending primary health care clinics in Bosso Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 218 registered pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in selected primary health centres. A semi-structured intervieweradministered questionnaire was used to collect data, which were analysed using Epi Info software. Data was presented with frequency tables and charts and test for association between categorical variables was done using Chi square. P value was set at <0.05.
Results: The study found that 40.1% of respondents utilised TBA services, while 59.9% did not. The services accessed from TBAs included routine antenatal care (61.2%), normal delivery (54.2%), special bath (13.5%), concoction for mothers (56.8%), and family planning (41.7%). The reasons for utilising TBAs were cheaper services (84.5%), cultural acceptability (24.7%), proximity to home (91.8%), belief in more compassionate care (74.2%), and limited knowledge of alternative services (3.1%). Most TBA users (85.6%) expressed satisfaction with the services. The study also revealed associations between TBA utilisation and socio- demographic characteristics such as age, religion, tribe, educational status, and occupation.
Conclusion: The study highlights the continued utilisation of TBAs for maternal healthcare services in the study area, driven by various factors, including affordability, cultural acceptability, and proximity. Efforts should be directed towards improving knowledge and awareness about alternative healthcare options and promoting safe practices among TBAs. The findings underscore the need for culturally sensitive and inclusive maternal healthcare interventions that address different population groups' unique needs and preferences.
Synergy and Antagonism in Antimalarial Crude Extract Combinations
Authors: Kidima Winifrida , Wambura Rebecca , Nyigo Vitus , Katani Shabban , Malebo Hamisi 
Published: April 2024

Background
Malaria accounts for around 4.8% of all recorded fatalities in Tanzania. Medicinal plants such as Caesalpinia bonducella, Azadirachta indica, and Annickia kummeriae have demonstrated promise in treating many diseases, including malaria. However, their combined activity against malaria has not been documented. Combination therapy using some medicinal plants with antimalarial activities may enhance safety and efficacy and reduce the evolution of parasite resistance.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate antiplasmodium activities of different combinations of crude extracts from selected medicinal plants. Azadirachta indica leaves, Annickia kummeriae and Caesalpinia bonducella were extracted using dichloromethane (DCM).
Methods
An in vivo acute toxicity study of both individual and combined crude extracts was carried out according to Chinedu et al., 2015. The in vivo antiplasmodial activity of individual and combined crude extracts was performed in mice inoculated with Plasmodium berghei (ANKA strain) using Peters’s 4-day suppressive test.
Results
Individually, Caesalpinia bonducella crude extracts exhibited the highest in vivo antiplasmodial efficacy (91% parasite suppression) than A. kummeriae (73% parasite suppression) and A. indica (60% parasite suppression) at 800 mg/kg/day. The A. indica and A. summarize combinations and A. indica and C. bonducella demonstrated higher antiplasmodial activity (synergism-combination index 0.29 and 0.97, respectively) than their constituents. However, combining A. kummeriae and C. bonducella produced the lowest antiplasmodial activity (antagonism- combination index 40.67) than its extracts. The high antiplasmodial potencies (ED50) demonstrated by AiAk and AiCb are significant and critical results for traditional, complementary and alternative medicine.
Conclusion
Therefore, these preliminary findings suggest that AiAk and AiCb are potential antiplasmodium herbal therapies. Further research should be undertaken to investigate the antiplasmodium effect of AiAk and AiCb in humans.
Headache to a Patient with the Coexistence of Chiari I Malformations and Primary Empty Sella Syndrome: A Case Report la Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Msigwa Samwel , Hong Shuang , Lyimo Veronica , Marealle Elizabeth 
Published: April 2024

Background: Chiari I malformations (CM-I) and Primary Empty Sella syndrome (PESS) are rare disorders of structural defects within a skull. Headache is the most common presenting symptom in both conditions. However, CM-I and ESS comorbidity in patients with severe headaches is yet to be reported.
Case description: The patient was a 38-year-old woman with a one-year history of headaches at various localisations (occipital and bilateral frontal) preceded by mood agitation. Physical examination was significant for obesity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 6.4 mm cerebellar tonsil descent through the foramen magnum and hypointense (CSF-filled) flattened sella. The lipid panel showed elevated cholesterols (total) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. She was medically managed, with no report of symptoms relapses at one-month and two-month follow-ups.
Conclusion: This is the first report on comorbid CM-I and PESS in adults presenting with cephalalgia. PESS and CM-I co-occurrence may present with mixed headache localisation; careful history-taking and imaging are mandatory for diagnosis confirmation. Future extensive studies are warranted to analyse the pathophysiological interplay between these two rare disorders.
Seroprevalence of Syphilis among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Yaqshiid District, Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors: Sharif Ali Abdirasak , Hussein Elmi Abdirahman 
Published: April 2024

Background: The prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women in Somalia has been poorly studied, despite its significant impact on maternal and fetal health. In Somalia, the last syphilis study was conducted approximately 30 years ago, leaving a critical knowledge gap regarding the current epidemic of syphilis among pregnant women.
Materials and methods: From January 2023 to April 2023, a hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on maternal and child health. A total of 300 pregnant women were included in the study, and the seroprevalence of syphilis was determined using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory. This one-step quick diagnostic test cassette was used as the preliminary screening tool, and Positive results were confirmed using the full chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) analyzer MAGLUMI. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics and knowledge regarding syphilis transmission and mother-to-child transmission. SPSS Version 27.0 was used to analyze the gathered data. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: Overall, 5.3% (16/300) of pregnant women had syphilis seroprevalence. Seroprevalence rates were higher in women aged 24-34 (50.0%). There were significant relationships between syphilis infection and education (p < 0.000), occupation (p < 0.000), and residence (p = 0.002). Furthermore, a significant majority of pregnant women (78%) were unaware of syphilis transmission routes and its correlation to HIV risk (81.7%). Stillbirths constituted 23.3% of pregnancy-related problems, whereas 17% of pregnant women had a prior record of blood transfusions.
Conclusions: The study found an alarming syphilis seroprevalence in pregnant women, especially in certain demographic groups. The lack of knowledge of syphilis transmission and its effects highlights the necessity for targeted education. Improved prenatal care, health awareness, and effective prevention should lessen the effects of syphilis on mother and newborn health.
KAJIAN LAJU KOROSI TERHADAP STAINLESS STEEL DALAM LARUTAN HNO3
Authors: Siahaan Saloom Hilton 
Published: April 2024

This study aims to find out the rate of corrosion of stainless steel 304 in HNO3 solution. The dyeing process is carried out at a temperature of 700C for 6 hours, followed by a temperature of 290C for 18 hours every 7 days. This is to bring the use of stainless steel in real terms using SAMOP reactor tubes (Sub Critical Assembly for Mo99 Prad Action). Specimens undergoing TIG welding and electric arcs are cleaned of impurities, then measured, drawn, weighed, and recorded their initial weight. Furthermore, specimens are dyed in a solution of HNO3 pH 0.2 and 0.5 at a temperature of 700C for6 hours, continued at a temperature of 290C for18 hours every 7 days for 3 months. The heavy recording is done every week. The results showed weight loss in all specimens. This is seen at a pH corrosion rate of 0.5 in electric arc welding of 0.105 grams/dm2/month, for the rate of corrosion without welds is 0.026 grams/dm2/month. At pH 0.2 on electric arc welding is 0.045 grams/dm2/month at a pH of 0.2 without lashing 0.02 grams/dm2/month. Test objects that have undergone welding compared to test objects that do not experience welding occur significant corrosion rate differences.
Inquisidores, dominicos y alumbrados de la Congregación de la Granada en la génesis del inmaculismo sevillano del siglo XVII
Authors: González Polvillo Antonio 
Published: April 2024

Se estudia el papel jugado en Sevilla, durante el reinado de Felipe III, por la Inquisición sevillana, los frailes y consultores inquisitoriales de la Orden de Santo Domingo y los denominados Alumbrados, es decir, aquellos que defendieron y promovieron la definición del dogma de la Inmaculada Concepción de María, no desde la discusión teológica, sino desde posiciones iluminadas, visionarias, proféticas, milenaristas y, por ello, alumbradistas, entre los cuales se encontraban el arzobispo de Sevilla y, sobre todo, la misteriosa Congregación de la Granada, cuyos miembros más destacados basados en unos postulados insertos en la línea de reformatio ecclesiae, que partía de un grupo profético original de mediados del siglo XVI, alcanzaron del pueblo de Sevilla el levantamiento en defensa del dogma. Al mismo tiempo, y tras el éxito logrado en la “Guerra Mariana”, observaremos la denominada “Venganza de los dominicos” con una persecución inquisitorial que tendrá su correlato en el Decreto contra los Alumbrados de 1623 y la subsiguiente desarticulación de la Congregación de la Granada.
On the formation and development of the statehood of Nagorno-Karabakh
Authors: Епифанов А.Е. 
Published: April 2024

В статье рассматривается процесс автономизации Нагорного Карабаха, приводится авторская интерпретация известных фактов, предпринята попытка восстановить картину исторических событий. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что в настоящее время без решения на уровне Генеральной Ассамблеи ООН спорного вопроса соотношения принципов территориальной целостности государства и права нации на самоопределение ставить точку в данном вопросе преждевременно.
The article examines the process of autonomy of Nagorno-Karabakh, provides the author’s interpretation of known facts and attempts to reconstruct the picture of historical events. The author concludes that it is premature to put an end to this issue without a resolution of the controversial issue of correlation between principles of territorial integrity of the state and the right of nations to self-determination at the level of the UN General Assembly.
Digital transformation of agriculture in the context of ensuring food security: legal experience of the BRICS countries
Authors: Воронина Н.П. 
Published: April 2024

В статье на примере БРИКС рассмотрено стратегическое планирование в сфере обеспечения продовольственной безопасности. Отмечается, что цифровизация – инструмент, обеспечивающий устойчивое развитие сельского хозяйства. Осуществляемая цифровая трансформация сельского хозяйства стран БРИКС требует новых подходов к определению механизмов совершенствования правового регулирования и стратегического планирова-ния. Выявлены правовые проблемы цифровой трансформации сельского хозяйства и сформулированы предложения по их возможному решению.The article considers strategic planning in the field of food security using the example of BRICS countries. Digitalization is a tool that ensures sustainable development of agriculture. Current digital transformation of agriculture in the BRICS countries requires new approaches to defining mechanisms for improving legal regulation and strategic planning. Legal problems of digital transformation of agriculture are identified and the author’s proposals for their possible solution are formulated.