bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for adaptive strategies in larval capelin on the northeastern coast of Newfoundland, Canada
Authors: Tripp Ashley , Murphy Hannah M , Davoren Gail K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Fish species with high mortality during early life may maximize fitness using adaptive strategies to time hatching to match favorable environmental conditions (match/mismatch) or extending spawning/hatching to disperse risk (bet-hedging). We examined support for these strategies in a collapsed forage fish, capelin (Mallotus villosus), in coastal Newfoundland (2018–2021). Capelin shift from spawning at warm, intertidal to cool, subtidal (15–40 m) habitats in warmer years, with unknown recruitment consequences. We hypothesized that match/mismatch (specifically, Coastal Water Mass Replacement Hypothesis) would be supported if densities of recently hatched larvae showed pulses that overlapped with high prey and low predator densities. Generalized additive models revealed that larval densities increased with zooplankton prey biomass, but were not influenced by predator biomass or temperature, contrasting with pre-collapse studies and providing equivocal support for match/mismatch. Protracted larval emergence and previously documented high variability in larval traits supported a bet-hedging strategy. Larval condition (i.e. length, yolk-sac diameter) did not differ between habitats but varied among years, where the highest proportion of larvae in poor condition was from the intertidal site in the warmest year (2018). Findings suggest that spawning habitat shifts may have limited impact on stock recovery relative to year-specific environmental conditions that influence larval condition.
Seasonal organization of tintinnid community by temperature preference and LOD size-class in a subtropical brackish embayment
Authors: Li Jingyuan , Du Ping , Li Haibo , Zhao Yuan , Mao Ming , Zhao Li , Dong Yi , Xu Yepeng , Grégori Gérald , Zhang Wuchang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Most annual studies of tintinnid and phytoplankton in coastal habitats are influenced by alien species introduced by water masses exchange, and therefore cannot be used as direct evidence for exploring the mechanism of annual succession in indigenous community. For brackish communities, very limited annual studies exist because of the difficulty of conducting stable sampling in the transition between freshwater and seawater. The special topography of Xiangshan Bay isolates the external water mass and provides a suitable habitat for exploring the annual succession mechanism of the brackish tintinnid community. In this study, samples were collected from seven stations in Tie Harbor, Xiangshan Bay (East China Sea) during 10 months from 2022 to 2023. A total of 23 tintinnid species of five genera were identified throughout the year. These tintinnid species can be clustered into four seasonal groups, winter, summer, autumn and spring-autumn, with three temperature preferences. The Lorica Oral Diameter (LOD) size-class of each tintinnid species, which determines the food item size of tintinnid, separated their different ecological niches within each seasonal group. The seasonal succession of tintinnid community in Xiangshan Bay was organized by both temperature preference and LOD size of the tintinnid species.
Stripe rust effector Pst03724 modulates host immunity by inhibiting NAD kinase activation by a calmodulin
Authors: Wang Yanfeng , Liu Cong , Qin Yuanyang , Du Yuanyuan , Song Chao , Kang Zhensheng , Guo Jia , Guo Jun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) secretes effector proteins that enter plant cells to manipulate host immune processes. In this report, we present an important Pst effector, Pst03724, whose mRNA expression level increases during Pst infection of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Silencing of Pst03724 reduced the growth and development of Pst. Pst03724 targeted the wheat calmodulin TaCaM3-2B, a positive regulator of wheat immunity. Subsequent investigations revealed that Pst03724 interferes with the TaCaM3-2B–NAD kinase (NADK) TaNADK2 association and thus inhibits the enzyme activity of TaNADK2 activated by TaCaM3-2B. Knocking down TaNADK2 expression by virus-mediated gene silencing significantly increased fungal growth and development, suggesting a decrease in resistance against Pst infection. In conclusion, our findings indicate that Pst effector Pst03724 inhibits the activity of NADK by interfering with the TaCaM3-2B–TaNADK2 association, thereby facilitating Pst infection.
Interaction network rewiring and species’ contributions to community-scale flexibility
Authors: Toju Hirokazu , Suzuki Sayaka S , Baba Yuki G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The architecture of species interaction networks is a key factor determining the stability of ecological communities. However, the fact that ecological network architecture can change through time is often overlooked in discussions on community-level processes, despite its theoretical importance. By compiling a time-series community dataset involving 50 spider species and 974 Hexapoda prey species/strains, we quantified the extent to which the architecture of predator–prey interaction networks could shift across time points. We then developed a framework for finding species that could increase the flexibility of the interaction network architecture. Those “network coordinator” species are expected to promote the persistence of species-rich ecological communities by buffering perturbations in communities. Although spiders are often considered as generalist predators, their contributions to network flexibility vary greatly among species. We also found that detritivorous prey species can be cores of interaction rewiring, dynamically interlinking below-ground and above-ground community dynamics. We further found that the predator–prey interactions between those network coordinators differed from those highlighted in the standard network-analytical framework assuming static topology. Analyses of network coordinators will add a new dimension to our understanding of species coexistence mechanisms and provide platforms for systematically prioritizing species in terms of their potential contributions in ecosystem conservation and restoration.
Generative artificial intelligence, human creativity, and art
Authors: Zhou Eric , Lee Dokyun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Recent artificial intelligence (AI) tools have demonstrated the ability to produce outputs traditionally considered creative. One such system is text-to-image generative AI (e.g. Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, DALL-E), which automates humans’ artistic execution to generate digital artworks. Utilizing a dataset of over 4 million artworks from more than 50,000 unique users, our research shows that over time, text-to-image AI significantly enhances human creative productivity by 25% and increases the value as measured by the likelihood of receiving a favorite per view by 50%. While peak artwork Content Novelty, defined as focal subject matter and relations, increases over time, average Content Novelty declines, suggesting an expanding but inefficient idea space. Additionally, there is a consistent reduction in both peak and average Visual Novelty, captured by pixel-level stylistic elements. Importantly, AI-assisted artists who can successfully explore more novel ideas, regardless of their prior originality, may produce artworks that their peers evaluate more favorably. Lastly, AI adoption decreased value capture (favorites earned) concentration among adopters. The results suggest that ideation and filtering are likely necessary skills in the text-to-image process, thus giving rise to “generative synesthesia”—the harmonious blending of human exploration and AI exploitation to discover new creative workflows.
Route of exposure to veterinary products in bees: Unraveling pasture's impact on avermectin exposure and tolerance in stingless bees
Authors: Obregon Diana , Guerrero Olger , Sossa David , Stashenko Elena , Prada Fausto , Ramirez Beatriz , Duplais Christophe , Poveda Katja 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Deforestation rapidly increases in tropical regions, primarily driven by converting natural habitats into pastures for extensive cattle ranching. This landscape transformation, coupled with pesticide use, are key drivers of bee population decline. Here, we investigate the impact of pasture-dominated landscapes on colony performance, pesticide exposure, and insecticide sensitivity of the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula. We monitored 16 colonies located in landscapes with varying proportions of pasture. We collected bee bread for pesticide and palynological analysis. We found a positive correlation between pollen diversity and colony growth, with no effect of the proportion of pasture in the landscape. In contrast, we detected prevalent and hazardous concentrations of the insecticide abamectin (9.6–1,856 µg/kg) in bee bread, which significantly increased with a higher proportion of pasture. Despite the abamectin exposure, the bee colonies displayed no adverse effects on their growth, indicating a potential tolerance response. Further investigations revealed that bees from sites with higher proportions of pasture showed significantly reduced mortality when exposed to a lethal concentration of abamectin (0.021 µg/µL) after 48 h. Since abamectin is scarcely used in the study area, we designed an experiment to track ivermectin, a closely related antiparasitic drug used in cattle. Our findings uncovered a new exposure route of bees to pesticides, wherein ivermectin excreted by cattle is absorbed and biotransformed into abamectin within flowering plants in the pastures. These results highlight that unexplained exposure routes of bees to pesticides remain to be described while also revealing that bees adapt to changing landscapes.
A new type of sulfation reaction: C-sulfonation for α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups by a novel sulfotransferase SULT7A1
Authors: Kurogi Katsuhisa , Sakakibara Yoichi , Hashiguchi Takuyu , Kakuta Yoshimitsu , Kanekiyo Miho , Teramoto Takamasa , Fukushima Tsuyoshi , Bamba Takeshi , Matsumoto Jin , Fukusaki Eiichiro , Kataoka Hiroaki , Suiko Masahito 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) are cytosolic enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sulfonate group to key endogenous compounds, altering the physiological functions of their substrates. SULT enzymes catalyze the O-sulfonation of hydroxy groups or N-sulfonation of amino groups of substrate compounds. In this study, we report the discovery of C-sulfonation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups mediated by a new SULT enzyme, SULT7A1, and human SULT1C4. Enzymatic assays revealed that SULT7A1 is capable of transferring the sulfonate group from 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate to the α-carbon of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-containing compounds, including cyclopentenone prostaglandins as representative endogenous substrates. Structural analyses of SULT7A1 suggest that the C-sulfonation reaction is catalyzed by a novel mechanism mediated by His and Cys residues in the active site. Ligand-activity assays demonstrated that sulfonated 15-deoxy prostaglandin J2 exhibits antagonist activity against the prostaglandin receptor EP2 and the prostacyclin receptor IP. Modification of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups via the new prostaglandin-sulfonating enzyme, SULT7A1, may regulate the physiological function of prostaglandins in the gut. Discovery of C-sulfonation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups will broaden the spectrum of potential substrates and physiological functions of SULTs.
Evaluation of the toxic potential of Bisphenol-A glycidylmethacrylate (BisGMA) on the third instar larvae of transgenic Drosophila
Authors: Ibrahim Nabeela , Tariq Mohammad , Anjum Arbab , Varshney Himanshi , Gaur Kajal , Subhan Iqra , Jyoti Smita , Siddique Yasir Hasan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
In the present study the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Bisphenol-A glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) was studied on the third instar larvae of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ)Bg9.

Materials and methods
The concentration of BisGMA i.e. 0.005, 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020 M were established in diet and the larvae were allowed to feed on it for 24 h.

Results
A dose dependent significant increase in the activity of β-galactosidase was observed compared to control. A significant dose dependent tissue damage was observed in the larvae exposed to 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020 M of BisGMA compared to control. A dose dependent significant increase in the Oxidative stress markers was observed compared to control. BisGMA also exhibit significant DNA damaged in the third instar larvae of transgenic D. melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ)Bg9 at the doses of 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020 M compared to control.

Conclusion
BisGMA at 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020 M was found to be cytotoxic for the third instar larvae of transgenic D. melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) Bg9.
A radiomics model to predict γδ T‐cell abundance and overall survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Fan Binna , Fan Binting , Sun Na , Zou Huawei , Gu Xiao 
Published: March 2024

Abstractγδ T cells are becoming increasingly popular because of their attractive potential for antitumor immunotherapy. However, the role and assessment of γδ T cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are not well understood. We aimed to explore the prognostic value of γδ T cell and predict its abundance using a radiomics model. Computer tomography images with corresponding gene expression data and clinicopathological data were obtained from online databases. After outlining the volumes of interest manually, the radiomic features were screened using maximum melevance minimum redundancy and recursive feature elimination algorithms. A radiomics model was developed to predict γδ T‐cell abundance using gradient boosting machine. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used for the survival analysis. In this study, we confirmed that γδ T‐cell abundance was an independent predictor of favorable overall survival (OS) in patients with HNSCC. Moreover, a radiomics model was built to predict the γδ T‐cell abundance level (the areas under the operating characteristic curves of 0.847 and 0.798 in the training and validation sets, respectively). The calibration and decision curves analysis demonstrated the fitness of the model. The high radiomic score was an independent protective factor for OS. Our results indicated that γδ T‐cell abundance was a promising prognostic predictor in HNSCC, and the radiomics model could discriminate its abundance levels and predict OS. The noninvasive radiomics model provided a potentially powerful prediction tool to aid clinical judgment and antitumor immunotherapy.
Rheumatoid arthritis: prediction of future clinically-apparent disease, and prevention
Authors: Deane Kevin D. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
This review discusses updates in the prediction and prevention of future rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Recent findings
In individuals with musculoskeletal symptoms and elevated antibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA) without clinical inflammatory arthritis (IA), a ‘simple’ score has a positive predictive value (PPV) of ∼28% for clinical IA/RA within 1 year, and a comprehensive score (including ultrasound) has a PPV of ∼71% for clinical RA within 5 years. Controlled clinical trials in individuals at-risk for future RA have been performed using corticosteroids, rituximab, atorvastatin, methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine and abatacept. Abatacept modestly reduced rates of incident clinical RA and imaging inflammation within the trials, rituximab delayed clinical IA, and methotrexate improved function, symptoms and imaging inflammation. Vitamin D with or without omega 3 fatty acids reduced incidence of autoimmune diseases, including RA. While not proven in controlled clinical trials, observational studies suggest exercise, weight loss and smoking cessation may reduce progression to clinical RA.

Summary
Prediction and prevention of RA is advancing although there are no currently approved interventions for prevention. Future studies should include deeper evaluation of the pathophysiology of RA development to improve prediction and identify key pathways to target in future clinical trials, as well as develop infrastructure to support prevention-related research.
The Fragility of Statistical Findings in the Femoral Neck Fracture Literature: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yendluri Avanish , Megafu Michael N. , Wang Anya , Cordero John K. , Podolnick Jeremy D. , Forsh David A. , Tornetta Paul , Parisien Robert L. 
Published: March 2024

Objectives:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the femoral neck fracture literature frequently reportp-values for outcomes which have substantial implications in guiding surgical management. This study utilized the fragility index (FI), reverse fragility index (rFI), and fragility quotient (FQ) to assess the statistical stability of outcomes reported in RCTs evaluating the management and treatment of femoral neck fractures.Methods:Data Sources: Pubmed, Emabse, and MEDLINE were queried for RCTs (January 1, 2010 to February 28th, 2023) that evaluated surgical management/treatment of femoral neck fractures. Study Selection: RCTs with two treatment arms reporting categorical dichotomous outcomes were included. Non-RCT studies, RCTs with greater than 2 treatment arms, and RCTs without a femoral neck fracture cohort were excluded.Data Extraction and Synthesis: The FI and rFI were calculated as the number of outcome event reversals required to alter statistical significance for significant (p<0.05) and non-significant (p≥0.05) outcomes, respectively. The FQ was calculated by dividing the FI by the sample size for the study.Results:985 articles were screened with 71 studies included for analysis. The median FI across a total of 197 outcomes was 4 (IQR 2-5) with an associated FQ of 0.033 (IQR 0.017-0.060). 47 outcomes were statistically significant with a median FI of 2 (IQR 1-4) and associated FQ of 0.02 (IQR 0.014-0.043). 150 outcomes were statistically non-significant with a median rFI of 4 (IQR 3-5) and associated FQ of 0.037 (IQR 0.019-0.065).Conclusion:Statistical findings in femoral neck fracture RCTs are fragile with reversal of a median 4 outcomes altering significance of study findings. The authors thus recommend standardized reporting ofp-values with FI and FQ metrics to aid in interpreting the robustness of outcomes in femoral neck fracture RCTs.Level of evidence:Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Predictors for Failure to Respond to Erector Spinae Plane Block Following Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Mai Eric , Zhang Joshua , Lu Amy Z. , Bovonratwet Patawut , Kim Eric , Simon Chad Z. , Kwas Cole , Allen Myles , Asada Tomoyuki , Singh Nishtha , Tuma Olivia , Araghi Kasra , Korsun Maximilian , Kim Yeo Eun , Heuer Annika , Vaishnav Avani , Dowdell James , Wetmore Douglas S. , Qureshi Sheeraz A. , Iyer Sravisht 
Published: March 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective review of prospectively collected data.

Objective.
To identify the risk factors associated with failure to respond to erector spinae plane (ESP) block following minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF).

Summary of Background Data.
ESP block is an emerging opioid-sparing regional anesthetic that has been shown to reduce immediate postoperative pain and opioid demand following MI-TLIF—however, not all patients who receive ESP blocks perioperatively experience a reduction in immediate postoperative pain.

Methods.
This was a retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing one-level MI-TLIF who received ESP blocks by a single anesthesiologist perioperatively at a single institution. ESP blocks were administered in the OR following induction. Failure to respond to ESP block was defined as patients with a first numerical rating scale (NRS) score postsurgery of >5.7 (mean immediate postoperative NRS score of control cohort undergoing MI TLIF without ESP block). Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to identify predictors for failure to respond to ESP block.

Results.
A total of 134 patients were included (mean age 60.6 yr, 43.3% females). The median and interquartile range (IQR) first pain score postsurgery was 2.5 (0.0–7.5). Forty-nine (36.6%) patients failed to respond to ESP block. In the multivariable regression analysis, several independent predictors for failure to respond to ESP block following MI TLIF were identified: female sex (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.04-5.98, P=0.040), preoperative opioid use (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.03-7.30, P=0.043), anxiety requiring medication (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.27-11.49, P=0.017), and hyperlipidemia (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.31-7.55, P=0.010).

Conclusions.
Our study identified several predictors for failure to respond to ESP block following MI TLIF, including female gender, preoperative opioid pain medication use, anxiety, and hyperlipidemia. These findings may help inform the approach to counseling patients on perioperative outcomes and pain expectations following MI-TLIF with ESP block.

Level of Evidence.
3
Can we yet use tertiary lymphoid structures as predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy response in melanoma?
Authors: Padonou Francine , Vanhulst Thila , Langouo-Fontsa Mireille D. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
In this review, we explore the potential of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) as predictive biomarkers in the response to immunotherapy for melanoma patients.

Recent findings
The significance of TLS as indicators predicting immunotherapy response becomes particularly pronounced. Melanoma, renowned for its aggressive characteristics, has undergone revolutionary transformations in treatment through immunotherapeutic interventions. Investigations have unveiled a compelling correlation between the presence of TLS in the melanoma tumor microenvironment and favorable responses to immunotherapy. These responses, characterized by heightened survival rates and improved clinical outcomes, imply that TLS might be pivotal in tailoring more efficient and personalized treatments for individuals with melanoma. The ongoing discourse regarding TLS as a predictive biomarker underscores the need for a meticulous examination of its potential in guiding clinical decisions and optimizing therapeutic strategies.

Summary
TLS show great promises as potential biomarkers to melanoma patient's outcomes in ICI treatment; however, more studies are needed to understand their mechanisms of actions and the long-term impact of their functionality.