bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should Bank Stress Tests Be Fair?
Authors: Glasserman Paul , Li Mike 
Published: April 2024

Regulatory stress tests have become one of the main tools for setting capital requirements at the largest U.S. banks. The Federal Reserve uses confidential models to evaluate bank-specific outcomes for bank-specific portfolios in shared stress scenarios. As a matter of policy, the same models are used for all banks, despite considerable heterogeneity across institutions; individual banks have contended that some models are not suited to their businesses. Motivated by this debate, we ask, what is a fair aggregation of individually tailored models into a common model? We argue that simply pooling data across banks treats banks equally but is subject to two deficiencies: it may distort the impact of legitimate portfolio features, and it is vulnerable to implicit misdirection of legitimate information to infer bank identity. We compare various notions of regression fairness to address these deficiencies, considering both forecast accuracy and equal treatment. In the setting of linear models, we argue for estimating and then discarding centered bank fixed effects as preferable to simply ignoring differences across banks. We also discuss extensions to nonlinear models. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02060 .
Demyelinating neuropathy in patients with hepatitis B virus: A case report
Authors: Yan Xiao-Xiao , Huang Jin , Lin Jing 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Hepatitis B rarely leads to demyelinating neuropathy, despite peripheral neuropathy being the first symptom of hepatitis B infection.
CASE SUMMARY
A 64-year-old man presented with sensorimotor symptoms in multiple peripheral nerves. Serological testing showed that these symptoms were due to hepatitis B. After undergoing treatment involving intravenous immunoglobulin and an antiviral agent, there was a notable improvement in his symptoms.
CONCLUSION
Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is known to affect hepatocytes, it is crucial to recognize the range of additional manifestations linked to this infection. The connection between long-term HBV infection and demyelinating neuropathy has seldom been documented; hence, prompt diagnostic and treatment are essential. The patient's positive reaction to immunoglobulin seems to be associated with production of the antigen-antibody immune complex.
Cemented vertebra and adjacent vertebra refractured in a chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder patient: A case report
Authors: Zhang Ti-Dong , Cao Shuai , Ren Hui-Yong , Li Yu-Min , Yuan Yi-Ming 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Although percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) is a commonly used procedure for treating vertebral compression fracture (VCF), the risk of vertebral refracture should be considered. Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a systemic disease of mineral and bone metabolism. It is associated with an increased risk of fracture. Few studies have reported the use of PVA in patients with CKD-MBD. We herein report a rare case wherein the cemented vertebra and the adjacent vertebra refractured simultaneously in a CKD-MBD patient after PVA.
CASE SUMMARY
A 74-year-old man suffered from low back pain after taking a fall about 3 wk ago. According to physical examination, imaging and laboratory findings, diagnoses of T12 VCF, CKD-MBD, and chronic kidney disease stage 5 were established. He then received percutaneous vertebroplasty at T12 vertebra. Fourteen weeks later, he presented with T12 and L1 vertebral refractures caused by lumbar sprain. Once again, he was given PVA which was optimized for the refractured vertebrae. Although the short-term postoperative effect was satisfactory, he reported chronic low back pain again at the 3-month follow-up.
CONCLUSION
It is necessary that patients with CKD-MBD who have received PVA are aware of the adverse effects of CKD-MBD. It may increase the risk of vertebral refracture. Furthermore, the PVA surgical technique needs to be optimized according to the condition of the patient. The medium- and long-term effects of PVA remain uncertain in patients with CKD-MBD.
Thoracic spinal cord injury and paraplegia caused by intradural cement leakage after percutaneous kyphoplasty: A case report
Authors: Mao Zi , Xiong Zhi-Hong , Li Jun-Feng 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) is a pivotal intervention for osteoporotic fractures, pathological vertebral compression fractures, and vertebral bone tumors. Despite its efficacy, the procedure presents challenges, notably complications arising from intradural cement leakage. Timely and accurate diagnosis, coupled with emergent intervention is imperative to improve patient prognosis. This case report illuminates the intricacies and potential complications associated with PKP, emphasizing the critical need for vigilant monitoring, prompt diagnosis, and immediate intervention to mitigate adverse outcomes.
CASE SUMMARY
A 58-year-old male patient, experiencing a T7 osteoporosis-related pathological compression fracture, underwent PKP at a local hospital. Two weeks post-procedure, the patient developed paraplegic and dysuric symptoms, necessitating emergency decompression surgery. Gradual improvement was achieved, marked by the restoration of muscle strength, sensation, and mobility.
CONCLUSION
PKP Intradural cement leakage following PKP is unusual and potentially fatal. Prompt imaging examinations, urgent evaluation, and the decompression surgery are essential, which help alleviate symptoms associated with spinal damage, markedly improving the overall prognosis.
Multi-mode stable, high peak power Nd:YAG laser device for laser cleaning
Authors: Qi Yunxuan , Zhang Sasa , Ye Zhibin , Jiang Shu 
Published: April 2024

High average power and peak power solid-state lasers are of great interest in the field of laser cleaning. In this research, a high peak power laser with over 400 W average power using a multi-mode stable resonator in a diode-pumped Nd:YAG master oscillator power amplifier has been demonstrated. A maximum peak power over 1.08 MW was achieved at a repetition frequency of 5 kHz. Delivery fiber with a 400 µm core diameter was utilized for flexible laser transmission. A prototype of the laser cleaning system was developed and inspiring application effects for paint and mold cleaning were achieved.
Examining the role of magnetic fields in plasma behavior and surface evolution of a Mg alloy with varied irradiances in a femtosecond laser treatment
Authors: Dawood Asadullah , Khan Muhammad Asad , Bashir Shazia , Ayub Ambreen , Hayat Asma , Sanderson Joseph H. , Chishti Naveed Ahmed 
Published: April 2024

This paper reports the effect of a magnetic field on plasma parameters and surface structuring of the Mg alloy after laser irradiation. Femtosecond pulses of a Ti:sapphire laser system (800 nm, 35 fs, 1 KHz) are employed as the source of irradiation at various irradiances ranging from 0.011PW/cm2 to 0.117PW/cm2 to generate ablated Mg-alloy plasma. A transvers magnetic field (TMF) of strength 1.1 Tesla is employed to confine laser generated Mg plasma. All the measurements are performed with and without TMF. The two plasma parameters, i.e., excitation temperature (Texc) and electron number density (n
e
) of Mg plasma, have been evaluated by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis. It is observed that the values of Texc and n
e
of laser produced plasma (LPP) of the Mg alloy are higher in the presence of a magnetic field as compared to the field free case. Both show initially an increasing trend with increasing laser irradiance and after attaining their respective maxima a decreasing trend is observed with the further increase of irradiance. The magnetic confinement validity is confirmed by analytically evaluating thermal beta (β
t
), directional beta (β
d
), confinement radius (R
b
), and diffusion time (t
d
) for LPP of the Mg alloy. To correlate the LPP parameters of the Mg alloy with surface modifications a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) analysis is performed. It was revealed that structures like laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), agglomerates, islands, large sized bumps, along with channels and multiple ablative layers are observed. Distinct and well-defined surface structuring is observed in the presence of TMF as compared to the field free case. It is concluded that by applying an external magnetic field during laser irradiation, controlled material surface structuring is possible for fabrication of nanogratings and field emitters where spatial uniformity is critically important.
Measurement of atmospheric non-reciprocity effects for satellite-based two-way time-frequency transfer
Authors: Zeng Ting , Shen Qi , Cao Yuan , Guan Jian-Yu , Lian Meng-Zhe , Han Jin-Jian , Hou Lei , Lu Jian , Peng Xin-Xin , Li Min , Liu Wei-Yue , Wu Jin-Cai , Wang Yong , Yin Juan , Ren Ji-Gang , Jiang Hai-Feng , Zhang Qiang , Peng Cheng-Zhi , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: April 2024

Future optical clock networks will require high-precision optical time-frequency transfer between satellites and ground stations. However, due to atmospheric turbulence, satellite motion and time delay between the satellite–ground transmission links will cause spatial and temporal variations, respectively, resulting in the breakdown of the time-of-flight reciprocity on which optical two-way time-frequency transfer is based. Here, we experimentally simulate the atmospheric effects by two-way spatio-temporally separated links between two stationary terminals located 113 km apart and measure the effects for optical two-way time-frequency transfer. Our experiment shows that the effect on the link instability is less than 2.3×10−19 at 10,000 s. This indicates that when the link instability of satellite–ground optical time-frequency transfer is on the order of 10−19, it is not necessary to consider the atmospheric non-reciprocity effects.
Clinical and economic burden of acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in European children, after widespread use of PCVs–A systematic literature review of published evidence
Authors: Ricci Conesa Heloisa , Skröder Helena , Norton Nicholas , Bencina Goran , Tsoumani Eleana 
Published: April 2024

Background
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood disease frequently caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7, PCV10, PCV13) can reduce the risk of AOM but may also shift AOM etiology and serotype distribution. The aim of this study was to review estimates from published literature of the burden of AOM in Europe after widespread use of PCVs over the past 10 years, focusing on incidence, etiology, serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and economic burden.

Methods
This systematic review included published literature from 31 European countries, for children aged ≤5 years, published after 2011. Searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, Google, and three disease conference websites. Risk of bias was assessed with ISPOR-AMCP-NPC, ECOBIAS or ROBIS, depending on the type of study.

Results
In total, 107 relevant records were identified, which revealed wide variation in study methodology and reporting, thus limiting comparisons across outcomes. No homogenous trends were identified in incidence rates across countries, or in detection of S. pneumoniae as a cause of AOM over time. There were indications of a reduction in hospitalization rates (decreases between 24.5–38.8% points, depending on country, PCV type and time since PCV introduction) and antibiotic resistance (decreases between 14–24%, depending on country), following the widespread use of PCVs over time. The last two trends imply a potential decrease in economic burden, though this was not possible to confirm with the identified cost data. There was also evidence of an increase in serotype distributions towards non-vaccine serotypes in all of the countries where non-PCV serotype data were available, as well as limited data of increased antibiotic resistance within non-vaccine serotypes.

Conclusions
Though some factors point to a reduction in AOM burden in Europe, the burden still remains high, residual burden from uncovered serotypes is present and it is difficult to provide comprehensive, accurate and up-to-date estimates of said burden from the published literature. This could be improved by standardised methodology, reporting and wider use of surveillance systems.
Understanding antibiotic use in the community setting in Thailand: Does communication matter?
Authors: Sunpuwan Malee , Punpuing Sureeporn , Jaruruengpaisan Wipaporn , Wertheim Heiman 
Published: April 2024

Background
It is known that the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials leads to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Effective communication between dispensers and users is thus crucial in reducing inappropriate antibiotic use.

Objective
This study aims to gain a better understanding of communication around the use of antibiotics in the community and seeks potential implementation strategies to change dispenser and user practices in communication aspects.

Methods
Qualitative methods were employed, including in-depth interviews with 18 drug suppliers and 16 community members, and eight focus group discussions with key informants. Data were collected in the Kanchanaburi Demographic Health Surveillance System in urban and semi-urban communities in the western region of Thailand. The thematic analysis included communication quality, communication and imbalanced power, and misconceptions and instruction. The OpenCode qualitative software program was employed.

Results
The study revealed that the quality of communication was significantly influenced by the interaction of antibiotic dispensing with language and information. This interaction creates communication constraints between those dispensing antibiotics and the recipients, resulting in a less-than-optimal exchange of information. Consequently, users received limited information concerning the proper use of antibiotics. Furthermore, power imbalances and communication dynamics were perpetuated, mainly stemming from varying levels of access to and knowledge about antibiotics. This imbalance in power dynamics became evident between those dispensing antibiotics and the users. Users, as well as dispensers lacking proper qualifications, found themselves in a precarious position due to their inadequate knowledge of antibiotics. Moreover, it is noteworthy that misconceptions often conflicted with antibiotic instructions, leading to challenges in adhering to antibiotic regimens. These challenges primarily arose from misconceptions about antibiotics and concerns about potential side effects, particularly when users started to feel better.

Conclusions
The findings highlight the importance of enhancing communication between dispensers and users through future interventions. These interventions should aim to bolster user understanding of antibiotics and provide clear, trustworthy instructions for their proper usage. Investigating innovative communication methods, such as the use of QR codes, presents a promising avenue for consideration. By addressing these communication gaps, we can advocate for the appropriate utilization of antibiotics and mitigate the prevalence of AMR.
Transient 2:1 Atrioventricular Block with Peri-Conduction System Pacing After Leadless Pacemaker Implantation
Authors: Najjar Salim N. , Bruno Michael A. , Lam Wilson W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This report discusses a case of transient 2:1 atrioventricular block with conduction system pacing 4 hours after leadless right ventricular pacemaker implantation in a 19-year-old patient with a history of cardioinhibitory syncope and asystole cardiac arrest but without preexisting atrioventricular block. The atrioventricular block was resolved spontaneously. Pacing morphology was suggestive of right bundle branch pacing. Neither 2:1 atrioventricular block nor conduction system pacing has previously been a reported outcome of right ventricular leadless pacemaker implantation. The report demonstrates that conduction system pacing with leadless devices is achievable. Further study of techniques, limitations, and complications related to intentional right ventricular leadless conduction system pacing is warranted.
Critical fractional Schrödinger-Poisson systems with lower perturbations: the existence and concentration behavior of ground state solutions
Authors: Feng Shenghao , Chen Jianhua , Huang Xianjiu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this article, we study the following fractional Schrödinger-Poisson system:

ε

2
s

(

−
Δ

)

s

u
+
V

(

x

)

u
+
ϕ
u
=
f

(

u

)

+

∣
u
∣

2

s

*

−
2

u
,

in

R

3

,

ε

2
t

(

−
Δ

)

t

ϕ
=

u

2

,

in

R

3

,

\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{\varepsilon }^{2s}{\left(-\Delta )}^{s}u+V\left(x)u+\phi u=f\left(u)+{| u| }^{{2}_{s}^{* }-2}u,\hspace{1.0em}& \hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{R}}}^{3},\\ {\varepsilon }^{2t}{\left(-\Delta )}^{t}\phi ={u}^{2},\hspace{1.0em}& \hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{R}}}^{3},\end{array}\right.

where

ε
>
0

\varepsilon \gt 0

is a small parameter,

0
<
s
,
t
<
1
,
2
s
+
2
t
>
3

0\lt s,t\lt 1,2s+2t\gt 3

, and

2

s

*

=

6

3
−
2
s

{2}_{s}^{* }=\frac{6}{3-2s}

is the critical Sobolev exponent in dimension 3. By assuming that

V

V

is weakly differentiable and

f
∈
C

(

R
,
R

)

f\in {\mathcal{C}}\left({\mathbb{R}},{\mathbb{R}})

satisfies some lower order perturbations, we show that there exists a constant

ε

0

>
0

{\varepsilon }_{0}\gt 0

such that for all

ε
∈

(

0
,

ε

0

]

\varepsilon \in (0,{\varepsilon }_{0}]

, the above system has a semiclassical Nehari-Pohozaev-type ground state solution

v

ˆ

ε

{\hat{v}}_{\varepsilon }

. Moreover, the decay estimate and asymptotic behavior of

{

v

ˆ

ε

}

\left\{{\hat{v}}_{\varepsilon }\right\}

are also investigated as

ε
→
0

\varepsilon \to 0

. Our results generalize and improve the ones in Liu and Zhang and Ambrosio, and some other relevant literatures.
On the large solutions to a class of k-Hessian problems
Authors: Wan Haitao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the k-Hessian problem S

k
(D
2
u) = b(x)f(u) in Ω, u = +∞ on ∂Ω, where Ω is a C
∞-smooth bounded strictly (k − 1)-convex domain in

R

N

${\mathbb{R}}^{N}$

with N ≥ 2, b ∈ C∞(Ω) is positive in Ω and may be singular or vanish on ∂Ω, f ∈ C[0, ∞) ∩ C
1(0, ∞) (or

f
∈

C

1

(

R

)

$f\in {C}^{1}\left(\mathbb{R}\right)$

) is a positive and increasing function. We establish the first expansions (equalities) of k-convex solutions to the above problem when f is borderline regularly varying and Γ-varying at infinity respectively. For the former, we reveal the exact influences of some indexes of f and principal curvatures of ∂Ω on the first expansion of solutions. For the latter, we find the principal curvatures of ∂Ω have no influences on the expansions. Our results and methods are quite different from the existing ones (including k = N). Moreover, we know the existence of k-convex solutions to the above problem (including k = N) is still an open problem when b possesses high singularity on ∂Ω and f satisfies Keller–Osserman type condition. For the radially symmetric case in the ball, we give a positive answer to this open problem, and then we further show the global estimates for all radial large solutions.
Sex Ratio and Terrorist Group Survival
Authors: Gahramanov Emin , Gaibulloev Khusrav , Younas Javed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Using data of 638 terrorist groups operating in 92 countries for the period 1970–2016, we examine the relationship between gender imbalance and a resident terrorist group survival. Our empirical design employs alternative models and controls for terrorist group characteristics, base-country influences, and unobservable regional fixed effects. An increase in male-to-female ratio is associated with lower probability of terrorist groups demise, suggesting that countries with a skewed male population are less able to combat terrorism.
IgG and kappa free light chain CSF/serum indices: evaluating intrathecal immunoglobulin production in HIV infection in comparison with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hagberg Lars , Rosenstein Igal , Lycke Jan , Zetterberg Henrik , Yilmaz Aylin , Edén Arvid , Gisslén Magnus 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To study intrathecal kappa free light chain (KFLC) synthesis in people living with HIV (PLWH) in comparison with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods
Cross-sectional analysis including 56 untreated and 150 well treated PLWH, and compared with 58 controls, and 223 MS patients.

Results
Elevated serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgG and KFLC indices were observed in untreated PLWH. Seventy percent of untreated PLWH had KFLC index above 6.1, a threshold associated with clinically isolated syndrome/MS diagnosis. No association was found between KFCL index and CSF markers of neuronal injury in either PLWH or MS patients.

Conclusions
HIV-related immune system dysfunction is often associated with an elevated KFLC index akin to those observed in MS. HIV infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis for patients presenting with neurological symptoms and increased intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis.
Evaluation of effects from hemoglobin variants on HbA1c measurements by different methods
Authors: Song Yichuan , Xu Anping , Wang Mo , Shi Jie , Fu Wenxuan , Ji Ling , Zhang Rui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The impact of seven hemoglobin variants (Hb Q-Thailand, Hb G-Honolulu, Hb Ube-2, Hb New York, Hb J-Bangkok, Hb G-Coushatta, and Hb E) on the outcome of HbA1c was investigated for six methods by comparing with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) reference method.

Methods
Twenty-nine normal and 112 variant samples were measured by LC/MS/MS, Sebia Capillarys 3 TERA, Intelligene Biosystems QuanTOF, Premier Hb9210, Arkray HA-8190V, Bio-Rad D-100, and Tosoh G11, then evaluated for correlation, consistency, and mean relative bias among six methods. The lowest biological variation bias of ±2.8 % was an acceptable standard.

Results
All methods showed poor correlation and consistency with LC/MS/MS for Hb E. The unacceptable biases were observed for Capillarys 3 TERA (−14.4 to −3.7 % for Hb Q-Thailand, Hb Ube-2, Hb New York, Hb J-Bangkok and Hb E), QuanTOF (−8.3 to −2.9 % for Hb Ube-2, Hb New York and Hb G-Coushatta), Premier Hb9210 (−18.3 to −3.6 % for Hb Q-Thailand, Hb Ube-2, Hb New York, Hb J-Bangkok and Hb E), HA-8190V variant mode (−17.3 to 6.6 % for Hb G-Honolulu, Hb Ube-2, Hb New York, Hb G-Coushatta and Hb E). All variant samples showed larger biases than ±2.8 % comparing HA-8190V fast mode, D-100, and G11 with LC/MS/MS.

Conclusions
The accuracy of different HbA1c methods was influenced by some Hb variants, especially Hb Ube-2 and Hb New York. Thus, laboratories need to choose appropriate methods to measure HbA1c with different Hb variants.
Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics (CMAM 2022 Conference, Part 1)
Authors: Feischl Michael , Praetorius Dirk , Ruggeri Michele 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces the contents of the first of two special issues associated with the
9th International Conference on Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics,
which took place from August 29 to September 2, 2022 in Vienna.
It comments on the topics and highlights of all twelve papers of the special issue.