bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incidence and pathogenesis of hyperlipidaemia in 16 consecutive acromegalic patients
Authors: Takeda Ryoyu , Tatami Ryozo , Ueda Kosei , Sagara Hosaku , Nakabayashi Hajime , Mabuchi Hiroshi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Serum lipids were analyzed in 16 patients with active acromegaly. Of these 62.5% had hyperlipidaemia defined as exceeding the 90% fiducial limits of normal controls. The mean serum cholesterol (5.50 mmol/l) and triglyceride (4.09 mmol/1) levels of the patients were significantly higher than those of age-matched normal controls. Type V hyperlipoproteinaemia was observed in two cases and type III hyperlipoproteinaemia in one. There was no difference in the incidence of diabetes between the normolipidaemic (n = 6) and hyperlipidaemic (n = 10) groups. Serum levels of growth hormone in hypercholestelaemic patients (n = 3) were significantly higher than those of normolipidaemic patients and combined hyperlipidaemic patients (n = 5) tended to have higher levels of growth hormone than normolipidaemic patients.
In cases developing type III or type V hyperlipoproteinaemia, the activity of hepatic triglyceride lipase or lipoprotein lipase was decreased, but it increased when serum GH levels fell after therapy for acromegaly.
It is suggested that 1) growth hormone may play some role on the pathogenesis of hyperlipidaemia associated with acromegaly, and 2) growth hormone has an inhibitory effect on H-TGL and LPL, and so hyperlipoproteinaemia in some cases of acromegaly might be caused by low H-TGL or LPL activity resulting from high growth hormone levels.
Triiodothyronine and thyroxine treatment of diffuse non-toxic goitre evaluated by ultrasonic scanning
Authors: Perrild H. , Hansen J. M. , Hegedüs L. , Rytter L. , Holm B. , Gundtofte E. , Johansen K. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Ultrasonic scanning has been used to estimate changes in goitre size during and after treatment with a daily dose of either 100 μg thyroxine (T4) (n = 30), 150 μg T4 (n = 33), 200 μg T4 (n = 17) or 60 μg triiodothyronine (T3) (n = 30) for one year in patients with diffuse non-toxic goitre. The thyroid volume was measured before and every 3 months during and 3 months after withdrawal of therapy. All 4 treatments resulted in a decrease in goitre size after 3 months' therapy (P < 0.05) but only in the patients given 200 μg T4 and 60 μg T3 was the decrease long lasting during additional 9 months' therapy. The mean reduction in thyroid volume after 12 months therapy was 30 ± 26 sd and 22 ± 30 (sd)%, respectively. The free-T4-index was found significantly raised throughout the treatment with all three T4 doses, whereas the free-T3-index did not change. During treatment with 60 μg T3 no persistent rise in free-T3-index was seen while free-T4-index was decreased all 12 months.
No increase in goitre size was observed 3 months after withdrawal of the T3 therapy (n = 15), whereas all goitres in the T4 treated groups had returned to the pre-treatment values at that time. No rebound phenomenon was observed. The serum T3 and T4 levels were normalized 3 months after withdrawal in all four groups. Seven out of 8 patients on 200 μg T4 daily and 20 out of 25 patients on 60 μg T3 daily had no TSH response to TRH (200 μg iv) after 3 months' therapy. Forty-three out of 61 patients in the 4 groups showed no TSH response to TRH after 3 months' therapy. Only the group of patients showing no TSH response to TRH after 3 months' treatment had a significant decrease in goitre size in contrast to the group with a positive response to TRH.
The effects of pituitary hormones on hepatic drug metabolism in the rat
Authors: Skett Paul , Young Colin 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Sex differences exist in the hepatic microsomal metabolism of drugs in the rat. These differences have been shown to be related to the presence of androgen in the male and the pituitary gland in the female. The present study was designed to identify the pituitary 'feminizing factor' by continuously infusing hormones via an osmotic mini-pump. Rat somatotropin and prolactin mimicked somewhat the 'feminizing' effect of pituitary extract infused into male animals while human somatotropin, which binds to both lactogenic and somatogenic receptors in rat liver, completely reversed the effect of hypophysectomy of female rats with respect to most of the parameters studied. It thus appears that the somatogenic/lactogenic receptors in the rat liver are involved in the maintenance of the sex differences in drug metabolism but the identity of the hormone that normally acts on these receptors in the rat is still uncertain.
Cortisol, 17α-OH-progesterone and androgen responses to a standardized ACTH-stimulation in different stages of the normal menstrual cycle
Authors: Kruyt N. , Rolland R. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The release of cortisol, 17α-OH-progesterone, androstenedione and testosterone during a standardized ACTH-stimulation test was investigated in three different stages of the normal menstrual cycle, to conclude if there is any stage dependency on the release of these hormones.
No statistically significant differences were observed between the three stages concerning cortisol and testosterone increase. The increase of androstenedione in the pre-ovulatory stage was significantly higher than that seen during the early follicular phase of the cycle.
The increase of 17α-OH-progesterone in the luteal phase was significantly less than that of both the early and late follicular stages of the cycle.
Progesterone levels showed a small, but significant increase after ACTH-stimulation, in both the early and late stage of the follicular phase. However, the levels remained within the normal range of the follicular phase. In the luteal phase no increase was seen after ACTH-stimulation. Oestradtiol-17β levels did not change at all after ACTH-stimulation.
The stage dependency of androstenedione and 17α-OH-progesterone is discussed. The described stage-dependency different increase of 17α-OH-progesterone release can be of importance when the results of ACTH-tests are evaluated to detect carriers of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Inhibition of rat follicular androgen synthesis by dibutyryl cyclic AMP
Authors: Ekholm Carl , Hillensjö Torbjörn , Thelander Harriet , Ahrén Kurt 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
LH exerts a biphasic effect on rat follicular steroidogenesis: an initial general stimulation of steroidogenesis later followed by an inhibition of androgen and oestrogen synthesis. It is known that the stimulation by LH of steroidogenesis is mediated by cAMP. The present paper examines the role of cAMP in the late inhibitory phase of steroidogenesis.
Pre-ovulatory follicles were isolated from PMSG treated immature rats and incubated in modified bicarbonate buffer for different time periods. The accumulation of progesterone (P), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T) and oestradiol-17β (E2) in the medium was measured. Addition of dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP, 1 mm) to the medium caused a prolonged increase in P accumulation for 10 h while A and E2 accumulation was stimulated only for 4–6 h whereafter the levels were sustained. The pattern was identical to that produced by LH (10 μg/ml) in vitro.
In a second type of experiments follicles were pre-incubated for 6 h with or without LH or dbcAMP and then transferred for a second 2 h incubation, in the presence or absence of unlabelled 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) or T (1 μg/ml). Follicles pre-incubated in plain medium increased their formation of A and T in the presence of 17-OHP, while follicles exposed to LH or dbcAMP did not. Addition of T caused a similar increase in E2 formation in all groups (control, LH and dbcAMP). It is concluded that since dbcAMP mimicked the entire response of follicular steroidogenesis normally elicited by LH, cAMP seems to be the physiologic mediator of LH, both on the early stimulatory and on the late inhibitory phase of pre-ovulatory follicular steroidogenesis.
Release and synthesis of FSH by pituitary glands of female rats in vitro
Authors: Jenner A. A. J. , de Koning J. , van Rees G. P. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Anterior hemi-pituitary glands from intact female and ovariectomized (OVX) rats were incubated with or without a maximally effective dose of LRH. During an 8 h incubation, LRH-stimulated release of FSH by pituitary glands from intact rats was biphasic: an initial slow rate of release and, from 2 to 8 h, an enhanced rate of release. Basal release was low up to 4 h, after which a marked increase of the rate of release was measured: from 6 to 8 h there was no difference between the rates of basal and LRH-stimulated release. Basal and LRH-stimulated release of FSH by pituitary glands from OVX rats were high and approximately constant during an 8 h incubation.
Both basal and LRH-stimulated release by glands from intact as well as OVX rats were protein synthesis dependent. During the incubations an LRH-independent synthesis of FSH was measured. The results suggest that this synthesis is involved, either directly or indirectly, in increasing the rate of basal release of FSH after 4 h.
A comparison of release and synthesis of FSH with those of LH reveals characteristic differences.
Thyroid associated components in serum during normal pregnancy
Authors: Skjöldebrand Lottie , Brundin Jan , Carlström Anders , Pettersson Tom 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), thyroxine-binding pre-albumin (TBPA), thyroxine (T4), free-T4, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were studied throughout apparently normal pregnancy in 290 cases grouped in 2 week intervals. TBG increased to a plateau level reached in the 24th week and was hereafter unchanged until term. T4 showed an increase until the 16th week of pregnancy and levelled off to a constant level for the rest of the pregnancy. Free-T4 declined to almost subnormal values for the non-pregnant state which was reached around the 20th week of pregnancy. T3 showed a slight and definite increase in the beginning of pregnancy and levelled off to a constant value after the 14th week. TSH increased towards the end of pregnancy also showing its maximum during the last 4 weeks. TBPA showed constant values throughout pregnancy. The results are discussed in view of the use of modern techniques and previously missing data in literature (TBPA).
Familial hyperthyroidism without evidence of autoimmunity
Authors: Thomas Jean-Louis , Leclere Jacques , Hartemann Pierre , Duheille Jean , Orgiazzi Jacques , Petersen Meryl , Janot Christian , Guedenet Jean-Claude 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Thirty-four members of a single family were studied and 9 of them were found to be suffering from hyperthyroidism associated wiht diffuse goitre. Exophthalmos was absent and transmission seemed to be independent of HLA type. Four of the 9 were studied prior to treatment but in all cases serum immunoglobulin levels were normal, antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies absent, thyroid stimulating antibodies negative and the lymphocyte transformation responses to mitogens not different from those of controls. The results of testing the euthyroid family members were similarly negative, except in the case of a woman with type I diabetes mellitus who showed a low titre of antimicrosomal antibody.
Seven of the patients underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. Lymphocytic infiltration of the excised portion was rarely present. Four of the glands were subjected to immunofluorescent and electron microscopy but neither immunosecreting cells nor immune complex deposits were found.
These results point to the existence of a non-autoimmune form of goitrous hyperthyroidism, different from Graves' disease.
Inhibition of insulin secretion by l-thyroxine and d-thyroxine treatment in rats under the influence of drugs affecting the adrenergic nervous system
Authors: Lenzen S. , Kücking H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Both l-thyroxine and d-thyroxine induced an inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion with comparable time- and dose-dependent characteristics. l-thyroxine was ten times more potent than d-thyroxine. While l-thyroxine and a ten times higher dose of d-thyroxine had a similar potency in inducing hyperthermia and hypocholesterolaemia, hyperglycaemia in response to d-thyroxine was less pronounced than in response to l-thyroxine. This difference may be explained by a greater depletion of liver glycogen stores and consequently more limited capacity for provision of glucose for the circulation. The results support the view that the differences between l-thyroxine and d-thyroxine are quantitative. Adrenergic contribution to l-thyroxineand d-thyroxine-induced inhibition of insulin secretion by rat pancreas is apparently of minor importance. Treatment of the rats with propranolol as well as with reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine did not alleviate l-thyroxine- or d-thyroxine-induced inhibition of insulin secretion by rat pancreas.
Effects of α-adrenergic stimulation and blockade on parathyroid hormone responses to β-adrenergic agonists in cattle
Authors: Blum J. W. , Fischer J. A. , Binswanger U. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Experiments were designed to investigate the effect of α-adrenergic stimulation on parathyroid hormone (PTH) responses to isoproterenol (ISO). In addition, PTH responses to adrenaline (A) and hypocalcaemia were studied with and without α-adrenergic blockade by phentolamine. Infusions of phenylephrine (a 'pure' α-adrenergic agonist) did not modify basal PTH levels and PTH responses to ISO infusions, whereas the heart rate response to ISO was reduced (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate that α-adrenergic stimulation by phenylephrine does not reduce PTH responses to β-adrenergic agonists. In response to phentolamine the heart rate increased and plasma levels of Ca and Ca++ decreased. Plasma PTH concentrations were slightly but not significantly raised and PTH responses to adrenaline (P < 0.05), but not to hypocalcaemia, were enhanced. The potentiation of PTH responses to A in the presence of phentolamine may have been due to inhibition of α-adrenergic properties of A. It may have been also, in part, the consequence of the hypocalcaemia, which is known to augment PTH responses to A.
Catecholamine stimulation of cyclic AMP and progesterone production in rat corpora lutea of different ages
Authors: Norjavaara Ensio , Selstam Gunnar , Ahrén Kurt 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In vitro effects of catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) and adrenergic antagonists on adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and progesterone production by rat corpora lutea (CL) of different ages (1–8 days old) were studied. To obtain defined ages of CL a pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) model was used. The effect of catecholamines on cAMP decreased with luteal age while the effect on progesterone production was maximal on 5 day old CL. The β-blocker propranolol inhibited the effects of catecholamines in concentrations around 10−5 m. The effects of LH could only be inhibited with higher doses of propranolol known to exert unspecific effects. These results support the theory that LH and catecholamine effects on rat corpora lutea are mediated through different receptors.
Calcium antagonists and hormone release
Authors: Barbarino Antonino , De Marinis Laura , Mancini Antonio , Makhoul Ofa 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that Ca2+ plays an essential role in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) release. In vivo, we have previously shown that verapamil, a substance known to inhibit calcium entry into cells, is capable of inhibiting basal gonadotrophin release as well as the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in response to an iv bolus of GnRH. We have examined the effects of calcium antagonists on the two phases of pituitary LH release in response to constant GnRH infusion in normal subjects. In 6 men, constant infusion of GnRH (0.2 μg/min × 4 h) resulted in the expected biphasic LH response, with an initial rapid release of LH during the first hour of infusion, followed by a second phase release during the subsequent 3 h. When verapamil (5 mg/h) was infused together with GnRH over a 4 h period, a significant decline of the rapid as well as delayed release of pituitary LH occurred.
During the calcium antagonist infusion FSH release was also inhibited, indicating that Ca2+ is also important for the release of this hormone.
Our data demonstrate that Ca2+ plays an essential role in the mechanism of GnRH action on both phases of LH release and the release of FSH in normal subjects.
Effect of C-terminal chain shortening on the insulin-antagonistic activity of human growth hormone 177–191
Authors: Wade J. D. , Ng F. M. , Bornstein J. , Pullin C. O. , Pearce J. S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Six synthetic C-terminal shortened fragments of the reduced and S-carbamidomethylated peptide corresponding to residues 177 to 191 of human growth hormone (Cam-hGH 177–191) were assayed for insulin antagonistic activity in vivo. Two of the peptides, CamhGH 177–191 and cam-hGH 177–191 were, in nanomolar quantities, both active in that they caused significant hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in normal rats. The remaining peptides, hGH 177–180, Cam-hGH 177–185, Cam-hGH 177–187 and hGH 177–189 were all inactive even at up to one hundred times the dose employed for the active peptides. The results indicate that an insulin antagonistic core of hGH is contained within amino acid residues 178 to 190 inclusive.
Thyrotrophin stimulation of adenylate cyclase and iodine uptake in human differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Thomas-Morvan Colette , Carayon Pierre , Schlumberger Martin , Vignal Anne , Tubiana Maurice 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
TSH stimulation of adenylate cyclase (AC) and iodine uptake was compared in 39 surgical specimens of primary tumours and/or lymph node metastases from 29 human differentiated thyroid carcinomas.
TSH stimulation of AC was significantly lower (2.1 ± 0.3 fold the basal level) in patients without in vivo 131I uptake than in patients with 131I uptake (4.7 ± 0.8). A significant correlation between TSH responsiveness of AC and TSH stimulation of in vitro 125I uptake was found. There was also a relationship between 127I tissue content and AC responsiveness. Nevertheless analysis of individual data showed discrepancies in about one quarter of the cases. Thus the response of neoplastic cell membrane to TSH appears to be necessary for iodine metabolism, but it is not sufficient. Additional defects may in some cases explain the lack of either iodine uptake or organification. There is a general correlation between TSH stimulation of AC and histological type. However, data from papillary carcinomas with various degrees of uptake capacity show that TSH stimulation of AC correlates better with functional activity than with cell morphology or tissue architecture.
Stimulation by GMP P(N)P was decreased in carcinomas, while NaF stimulation was not significantly different from normal. This suggests that alterations in thyroid cancer are more related to defects in the regulatory than in the catalytic subunit of AC.
Myxoedema and Raynaud's phenomenon
Authors: Nielsen S. L. , Parving H-H. , Hansen J. E. Mølholm 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Cold hands is a common complaint in myxoedema and were reported by 15 of 17 patients before treatment of myxoedema with 4 having Raynaud's phenomenon. An increased cold sensitivity of the digital arteries could be demonstrated during finger cooling in about half of the patients and Raynaud's phenomenon was verified in the 4 patients as digital arterial closure. The cold sensitivity decreased significantly after treatment with L-thyroxine. The increased cold sensitivity in untreated myxoedema is probably due to an increased sympathetic discharge to the hands that might disclose a predisposition for Raynaud's phenomenon.
The discrepancy between plasma 11-deoxycortisol and ACTH concentrations in a single dose metyrapone test in normal men
Authors: Matsuki Michihiro , Nishida Seikoh , Horino Masaharu , Tenku Atsuko , Oyama Hideki 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
A single dose metyrapone test (MTP test) was carried out on 6 normal men by administering 1.0 g of metyrapone at 08.00–09.00 h with and without dexamethasone (DXM-MTP test) pre-treatment. Plasma 11-deoxycortisol, pregnenolone, ACTH and cortisol were measured before administration of the drug, and at hourly intervals for 6 h. In the MTP test, 11-deoxycortisol increased significantly at 1 h with a peak at 5 h, whereas significant increases in pregnenolone and ACTH were not seen until 3 h. There was a definite decrease in the cortisol level at 1 h with the lowest level measured at 2 h. Thus, a time discrepancy between plasma 11-deoxycortisol and ACTH concentrations was observed. The increase in 11-deoxycortisol after metyrapone should be divided into two phases: the increase in phase II (after 3 h) is due to the pituitary ACTH reserve, and that in phase I (the first 2 h) is due to some mechanism other than the pituitary ACTH reserve. The increased amount of 11-deoxycortisol in phase II (218.1 nmol) occupied 60.5% of the total increased amount in phases I and II(360.6 nmol). The cortisol/(cortisol +11-deoxycortisol) ratio reached its lowest point 3 h after metyrapone treatment. This might be due to the initiation of an additional surge in 11-deoxycortisol by the ACTH reserve at 3 h.
Effect of standard oral glucose loading on aldosterone secretion in primary hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Beretta-Piccoli C. , Weidmann P. , Brown J. J. , Fraser R. , Lever A. F. , Marone C. , Robertson J. I. S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effects of mild acute decreases in plasma potassium induced by standard oral glucose loading (100 g) on plasma aldosterone and renin levels were assessed in 10 patients with primary hyperaldosteronism as compared with 10 normal subjects. Following overnight fast, mean plasma glucose was identical in both groups; plasma insulin, potassium and renin levels were lower and plasma aldosterone higher in patients than in controls. Glucose loading significantly increased plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and decreased plasma potassium and aldosterone levels in both groups. The increases in plasma insulin and the decreases in plasma potassium or aldosterone tended to be blunted in primary hyperaldosteronism. Glucose-induced changes in plasma aldosterone correlated significantly (P < 0.025) with those in plasma potassium in the patients and with variations in plasma renin activity in the normal subjects. These findings suggest that the metabolic changes induced by glucose ingestion are capable of modifying aldosterone secretion in primary hyperaldosteronism. However, the glucose-induced decreases in plasma aldosterone are blunted in this disorder; this could be related to the impaired insulin response to glucose loading.