bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snap: A time critical decision‐making framework for MOUT simulations
Authors: Ting Shang‐Ping , Zhou Suiping 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDeliberative reasoning based on the rational analysis of various alternatives often requires too much information and may be too slow in time critical situations. In these situations, humans rely mainly on their intuitions rather than some structured decision‐making processes. An important and challenging problem in Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT) simulations is how to generate realistic tactical behaviors for the non‐player characters (also known as bots), as these bots often need to make quick decisions in time‐critical and uncertain situations. In this paper, we describe our work on Snap, a time critical decision‐making framework for the bots in MOUT simulations. The novel features of Snap include case‐based reasoning (CBR) and thin slicing. CBR is used to make quick decisions by comparing the current situation with past experience cases. Thin slicing is used to model human's ability to quickly form up situation awareness under uncertain and complex situations using key cues from partial information. To assess the effectiveness of Snap, we have integrated it into Twilight City, a virtual environment for MOUT simulations. Experimental results show that Snap is very effective in generating quick decisions during time critical situations for MOUT simulations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forgotten pioneers of color order. Part II: Matthias Klotz (1748–1821)
Authors: Kuehni Rolf G. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe painter Matthias Klotz began to investigate the subject of color beginning circa 1780 and thereby during the same general time period as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Philipp Otto Runge, and Gaspard Grégoire. Like the others, he was an adherent of the theory of three fundamental colors, yellow, red, and blue. With Grégoire he had in common three perceptual color attributes and an implicit cylindrical ordering system that presaged the system of Munsell, developed nearly a century later. With Runge and Grégoire he had in common a balanced color chart in which opposites were presumed to neutralize each other in a common medium gray. Klotz's so‐called color canon is the most carefully executed in the early 19th century. He was unique in proposing a nine‐grade, geometrically stepped gray scale that would require a logarithmic mathematical model. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 341–345, 2008
Color memory in children
Authors: Pérez‐Carpinell Joaquín , Camps Vicente J. , Trottini Mario 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe methods of simultaneous and memory color matching have been studied for a set of five Munsell color samples by 50 children, 25 boys and 25 girls (ranging in age from 9 to 11 years). By comparison between this group and one of 50 young adult observers, we can deduce the following: (a) In children, as in young adults, the mean CIELAB total color difference, ΔE*ab, in simultaneous color matching is lower than the ΔE*ab by memory color matching. (b) Children matched reference test worse than young adults for orange, bluish green (only boys and men) and yellow green (only girls and women). (c) While men remember, independently of age and delay time, violet reference test worse than women (P = 0.02), boys remember, independently of delay time, reference test worse than girls for orange (P = 0.026) and pink (P = 0.049). (d) In short‐term memory, boys remember the reference test better than girls for bluish green (P = 0.022); girls remember yellow green reference test worse than women (P = 0.034). (e) Chroma is the perceptual color attribute that best explains sex differences, although that depends upon the reference color test considered. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 372–380, 2008
The emotional connotations of color: A qualitative investigation
Authors: Clarke Tom , Costall Alan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTypically, the research on the connotations of colors has presented isolated color samples to the participants, and/or restricted their responses to a limited set of alternatives (e.g., basic emotions). In the present study, the participants were asked to imagine their own examples of the target colors, thereby allowing the participants to select their own salient examples, including the context. In addition, a qualitative method, the semi‐structured interview, was employed, giving them freedom to choose their own terms of description, and also identify issues which they themselves regarded as relevant. To a large extent, the results were consistent with previous research about the emotional significance and arousing effects of different colors. But this alternative approach also threw light upon more subtle connotations of colors, the multiple meanings of a single color, and also the participants' reasons for these connotations, ranging from individual experiences to cultural conventions and stereotypes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 406–410, 2008
Checkpointing schemes for Grid workflow systems
Authors: Li Zhongwen , Xiang Yang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractOne of the major challenges in wide use of Grid workflow systems is fault tolerance and avoidance. Checkpointing schemes provide a way of fault detection and recovery. In our research, we focus on the performance optimization of checkpointing schemes and dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) for Grid workflow systems. We propose offline checkpointing schemes with DVS and online adaptive checkpointing schemes that dynamically adjust the checkpointing intervals by using store checkpoints and compare checkpoints. When combined with DVS, offline adaptive checkpointing schemes not only are fault tolerant but also lead to reduce average execution time of tasks. These schemes can efficiently utilize comparison and storage operations and significantly improve the performance. Further, these schemes can calculate the optimal numbers of checkpoints by which the mean execution time can be minimized. We also expand the online adaptive checkpointing schemes from single‐task execution scenarios to multi‐task execution scenarios. Simulation results show that these online schemes outstandingly increase the likelihood of timely task completion when faults occur. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing process allocation of parallel programs for heterogeneous clusters
Authors: Ichikawa Shuichi , Takahashi Sho , Kawai Yuu 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe performance of a conventional parallel application is often degraded by load‐imbalance on heterogeneous clusters. Although it is simple to invoke multiple processes on fast processing elements to alleviate load‐imbalance, the optimal process allocation is not obvious. Kishimoto and Ichikawa presented performance models for high‐performance Linpack (HPL), with which the sub‐optimal configurations of heterogeneous clusters were actually estimated. Their results on HPL are encouraging, whereas their approach is not yet verified with other applications. This study presents some enhancements of Kishimoto's scheme, which are evaluated with four typical scientific applications: computational fluid dynamics (CFD), finite‐element method (FEM), HPL (linear algebraic system), and fast Fourier transform (FFT). According to our experiments, our new models (NP‐T models) are superior to Kishimoto's models, particularly when the non‐negative least squares method is used for parameter extraction. The average errors of the derived models were 0.2% for the CFD benchmark, 2% for the FEM benchmark, 1% for HPL, and 28% for the FFT benchmark. This study also emphasizes the importance of predictability in clusters, listing practical examples derived from our study. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grids challenged by a Web 2.0 and multicore sandwich
Authors: Fox Geoffrey , Pierce Marlon 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe discuss the application of Web 2.0 to support scientific research (e‐Science) and related ‘e‐more or less anything’ applications. Web 2.0 offers interesting technical approaches (protocols, message formats, and programming tools) to build core e‐infrastructure (cyberinfrastructure) as well as many interesting services (Facebook, YouTube, Amazon S3/EC2, and Google maps) that can add value to e‐infrastructure projects. We discuss why some of the original Grid goals of linking the world's computer systems may not be so relevant today and that interoperability is needed at the data and not always at the infrastructure level. Web 2.0 may also support Parallel Programming 2.0—a better parallel computing software environment motivated by the need to run commodity applications on multicore chips. A ‘Grid on the chip’ will be a common use of future chips with tens or hundreds of cores. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Strategies for Changing the Energy Content and Achieving CC Coupling in Biomass‐Derived Oxygenated Hydrocarbons
Authors: Simonetti Dante A. , Dumesic James A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis Concept examines the opportunities for the use of biomass feedstocks in the production of liquid fuels for the transportation sector of society. The cost‐competitive conversion of biomass into liquid fuels involves the integration of processes that operate on lignocellulosic feeds with processes that convert specific fractions of lignocellulose. A brief description of current energy systems is given to indicate the potential contributions of biomass to replace fossil fuel feedstocks for energy production, followed by a description of current biomass‐conversion technologies. Specific focus is given to promising reaction pathways and novel research opportunities for conversion of the carbohydrate fraction of lignocellulose into fuels with targeted structures.
Electrodermal reactivity during the Trier Social Stress Test for children: Interaction between the serotonin transporter polymorphism and children's attachment representation
Authors: Gilissen Renske , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Linting Mariëlle 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis study explores the relation between variations in the serotonin transporter gene (5‐HTTLPR; long vs. short allele), the child's attachment representation (assessed with the Attachment Story Completion Task, reflecting the security of the parent‐child relationship), and electrodermal reactivity during a public speaking task, the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST‐C) in a sample of 92 7‐year‐old. Electrodermal reactivity during the TSST‐C was not directly associated with variations in 5‐HTT. However, there was a significant gene‐environment interaction effect of 5‐HTT and attachment security on electrodermal reactivity. Results are interpreted in terms of cumulative protection: Children with a secure attachment representation as well as long 5‐HTT alleles appeared to be less stressed during the TSST‐C. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 615–625, 2008.
Influence of prenatal psychosocial stress on cytokine production in adult women
Authors: Entringer Sonja , Kumsta Robert , Nelson Edward L. , Hellhammer Dirk H. , Wadhwa Pathik D. , Wüst Stefan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the association between prenatal stress and immune function in human adults. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 34 healthy young women whose mothers experienced major negative life events during their pregnancy (Prenatal Stress, PS group, mean age 25, SD ± 4.34 years), and from a female comparison group (n = 28, CG, mean age 24 ± 3.40 years), were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and subsequent cytokine production was measured. A bias for T‐helper 2 (Th2) cytokine production due to an overproduction of IL‐4 relative to IFN‐γ after PHA stimulation was observed in PS subjects. In addition, IL‐6 and IL‐10 were also significantly elevated. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to suggest a direct association between prenatal stress exposure and alterations in immune parameters in adult women. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 579–587, 2008.
What potential role is there for medication treatment in anorexia nervosa?
Authors: Crow Scott J. , Mitchell James E. , Roerig James D. , Steffen Kristine 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjective:To review selected issues regarding the development of drug treatments for anorexia nervosa (AN).Method:The existing pharmacotherapy literature for AN is reviewed, and the theoretical and practical considerations are discussed.Results:A very wide variety of drugs have been examined in AN, generally with negative results. There are a number of potential reasons for this finding, including compliance, nutritional deficits, selection of the wrong targets or the wrong outcome measures, use of monotherapy, lack of animal models, or factors intrinsic to AN.Conclusion:Pharmacotherapy provides little benefit in the treatment of AN at present. Several strategies might lead to the identification of more effective agents, including new measurement strategies, identification of novel pharmacologic targets, and consideration of a clinical trials network. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Fabrication of Glucose Biosensor Based on Encapsulation of Glucose‐Oxidase on Sol‐Gel Composite at the Surface of Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Carbon Nanotubes and Celestine Blue
Authors: Noorbakhsh Abdollah , Salimi Abdollah , Sharifi Ensiyeh 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA simple procedure was developed to prepare a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Celestin blue. Cyclic voltammograms of the modified electrode show stable and a well defined redox couple with surface confined characteristic at wide pH range (2–12). The formal potential of redox couple (E′) shifts linearly toward the negative direction with increasing solution pH. The surface coverage of Celestine blue immobilized on CNTs glassy carbon electrode was approximately 1.95×10−10 mol cm−2. The charge transfer coefficient (α) and heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants (ks) for GC/MWCNTs/Celestine blue were 0.43 and 1.26 s−1, respectively. The modified electrode show strong catalytic effect for reduction of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen at reduced overpotential. The glucose biosensor was fabricated by covering a thin film of sol‐gel composite containing glucose oxides (GOx) on the surface of Celestine blue /MWCNTs modified GC electrode. The biosensor can be used successfully for selective detection of glucose based on the decreasing of cathodic peak current of oxygen. The detection limit, sensitivity and liner calibration rang were 0.3 μM, 18.3 μA/mM and 10 μM–6.0 mM, respectively. The accuracy of the biosensor for glucose detection was evaluated by detection of glucose in a serum sample, using standard addition protocol. In addition biosensor can reach 90% of steady currents in about 3.0 sec and interference effect of the electroactive existing species (ascorbic acid–uric acid and acetaminophen) was eliminated. Furthermore, the apparent Michaelis–Menten constant 2.4 mM, of GOx on the nano composite exhibits excellent bioelectrocatalytic activity of immobilized enzyme toward glucose oxidation. Excellent electrochemical reversibility of redox couple, high stability, technically simple and possibility of preparation at short period of time are of great advantages of this procedure for modification of glucose biosensor.
An efficient and accurate non‐hydrostatic model with embedded Boussinesq‐type like equations for surface wave modeling
Authors: Young Chih‐Chieh , Wu Chin H. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA novel approach that embeds the Boussinesq‐type like equations into an implicit non‐hydrostatic model (NHM) is developed. Instead of using an integration approach, Boussinesq‐type like equations with a reference velocity under a virtual grid system are introduced to analytically obtain an analytical form of pressure distribution at the top layer. To determine the size of vertical layers in the model, a top‐layer control technique is proposed and the reference location is employed to optimize linear wave dispersion property. The efficiency and accuracy of this NHM with Boussinesq‐type like equations (NHM‐BTE) are critically examined through four free‐surface wave examples. Overall model results show that NHM‐BTE using only two vertical layers is capable of accurately simulating highly dispersive wave motion and wave transformation over irregular bathymetry. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dual‐time central difference finite volume scheme for interface capturing on unstructured meshes
Authors: Gough H. , Gaitonde Ann L. , Jones D. P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper describes a central difference scheme for the prediction of flows with an interface. The interface is captured rather than tracked and the key to the current approach is a correction to the hydrostatic pressure. The correction enables the scheme to evaluate pressures at cell faces in a consistent manner so that the source term in the equations is correctly balanced at the interface and on non‐equispaced meshes. This prevents the development of large errors in the solution, which can lead to the divergence of the numerical scheme. The current approach allows interface flows to be calculated by a simple modification of existing central difference codes. Results for a number of test cases are presented, with comparisons made with both experimental data and other numerical solutions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential contribution of dorsal and ventral hippocampus to trace and delay fear conditioning
Authors: Esclassan Frederic , Coutureau Etienne , Di Scala Georges , Marchand Alain R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTrace conditioning relies on the maintained representation of a stimulus across a trace interval, and may involve a persistent trace of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and/or a contribution of contextual conditioning. The role of hippocampal structures in these two types of conditioning was studied by means of pretraining lesions and reversible inactivation of the hippocampus in rats. Similar levels of conditioning to a tone CS and to the context were obtained with a trace interval of 30 s. Neurotoxic lesions of the whole hippocampus or reversible muscimol inactivation of the ventral hippocampus impaired both contextual and tone freezing in both trace‐ and delay‐conditioned rats. Dorsal hippocampal injections impaired contextual freezing and trace conditioning, but not delay conditioning. No dissociation between trace and contextual conditioning was observed under any of these conditions. Altogether, these data indicate that the ventral and dorsal parts of the hippocampus compute different aspects of trace conditioning, with the ventral hippocampus being involved in fear and anxiety processes, and the dorsal hippocampus in the temporal and contextual aspects of event representation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel scaffold based on formation and agglomeration of PCL microbeads by freeze‐drying
Authors: Gerçek I. , Tıǧlı R. S. , Gümüşderelioǧlu M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPolycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were prepared by freeze‐drying of polymer solutions in tetrahydrofuran. Effects of the polymer composition, which is 10 and 20% (w/v), on the scaffold properties for example, morphology, porosity, mechanical stability, degradability, and so forth were investigated by using suitable methods. Scanning electron microscopy photographs clearly showed the presence of a porous, three‐dimensional structure including agglomerated PCL microspheres. Porosity analysis demonstrated that 10 and 20% (w/v) scaffolds have 95.9% and 74.4% porosity, respectively. The microspheres have very narrow size distribution and their diameters increase from 50–70 μm to 90–100 μm with increasing PCL content from 10 to 20% (w/v). The microspheres were highly connected with each other and the scaffolds have superior mechanical properties when compared with the traditional PCL scaffolds. Cell culture experiments showed that periodontal ligament cells (PDL) were able to attach and proliferate on the 20% PCL scaffold. The results demonstrated that this novel PCL structure will be a potential tissue engineering scaffold with its superior properties and simple preparation procedure. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. JBiomed Mater Res, 2008
The problematic importance of hypotheses
Authors: Rozeboom Wm. W. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractContrary to what seems to have become established dogma in the behavioral sciences, the confirmational relevance of some data possibility D to a conjecture H should be indifferent to which of these two prospects we think of first. In particular, if ascertaining whether D is true would be a hypothetico‐deductive test of hypothesis H were D's implication by H declared at outset, the confirmational relevance of D to H is not diminished by learning D before becoming aware that H implies it. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64: 1109–1127, 2008.
PERK is essential for neonatal skeletal development to regulate osteoblast proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Wei Jianwen , Sheng Xiaoyi , Feng Daorong , McGrath Barbara , Cavener Douglas R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractLoss of function mutations of Perk (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3) in humans and mice cause severe neonatal developmental defects, including diabetes, growth retardation and multiple skeletal dysplasias. Comprehensive analyses on bone tissue, at the cellular and molecular level in PERK‐deficient mice demonstrated that neonatal Perk−/− mice are severely osteopenic, which is caused by a deficiency in the number of mature osteoblasts, impaired osteoblast differentiation, and reduced type I collagen secretion. Impaired differentiation of osteoblasts in Perk KO mice was associated with decreased expression of Runx2 and Osterix, key regulators of osteoblast development. Reduced cell proliferation and reduced expression of key cell cycle factors including cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin A, Cdc2, and CDK2 occur in parallel with the differentiation defect in mutant osteoblasts. In addition, the trafficking and secretion of type I collagen is compromised as manifested by abnormal retention of procollagen I in the endoplasmic reticulum, and reduced mature collagen production and mineralization. Taken together, these studies identify PERK as a novel regulator of skeletal development and osteoblast biology. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 693–707, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.