bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adoption of conservative agricultural practices among rural Chinese farmers
Authors: Yang Qing , Al Mamun Abdullah , Naznen Farzana , Masud Muhammad Mehedi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExcessive use of agrochemicals and the misuse of natural resources severely degrade farmlands. In addition to organic farming, conservative agricultural practices are one of the most viable methods for preventing environmental deterioration. Its adoption has remained relatively modest in developing countries as farmers rely exclusively on synthetic inputs to attain high yields and economic returns. Therefore, this study focuses on the factors that influence farmers’ intention and adoption of conservative agricultural practices. This study extended the Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) framework with a new construct (green trust), and empirically evaluated all fundamental VBN components with their chained relationships among constructs. This cross-sectional study collected quantitative data from 349 farmers using structured interviews. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method was used to statistically evaluate the relationship between the constructs. The analysis demonstrates that both biospheric and altruistic values have a positive impact on the new environmental paradigm, which, in turn, has a significant impact on people’s awareness of consequences and personal norms. Although awareness of consequences had a substantial positive influence on the ascription of responsibilities, it was demonstrated to have a statistically insignificant impact on personal norms. In parallel, the ascription of responsibility had a strong impact on personal norms, which, in turn, positively influenced the intention towards conservative agricultural practices. Remarkably, green trust was found to have the greatest effect on farmers’ intentions. Finally, farmers’ actual adoption was significantly influenced by their intention. The findings of this study will contribute to the strengthening of relevant factors among farmers that may enhance eco-friendly farming practices, develop solutions for regulating the protected utilization of natural resources, and effectively prevent environmental deterioration caused by hazardous agrochemicals. The study will also provide guidance to government regulators and other social organizations in the formulation of effective laws, policies, and strategies for the mass adoption of conservation practices and restoration of agricultural ecosystem balance.
Pathos or logos? How governance legitimacy perception influences individual privacy trade-offs during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Meng Xiaoxiao , Li Yungeng , He Qijun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to the delicate balance between individual privacy concerns and the governance of public health emergencies. Governments are leveraging a wide range of digital methodologies to acquire individual-level data for purposes such as contact tracing, isolation protocols, and surveillance, all aimed at effectively mitigating the deleterious consequences of the epidemic. However, the surrender of individual health information depends on individuals’ perception of the legitimacy of governance. In this research, our objective is to examine how individuals’ perceptions of the legitimacy of governance impact their decisions regarding privacy disclosure. This study stands out by dissecting cognitive and moral legitimacy of governance, uniquely examining their influence on individuals’ altruistic privacy disclosure during a crisis. Unlike previous research, our approach offers a more nuanced understanding of the interplay between governance legitimacy and privacy concessions. From July 15th to August 14th, 2022, amid the 2022 lockdown in Shanghai, China, this study utilizes surveys with established measurement scales, alongside structural equation modeling (SEM), to explore the relationship between individuals’ perceptions of government legitimacy in managing the pandemic and their willingness to compromise health information. The study distinguishes between moral legitimacy (pathos) and cognitive legitimacy (logos). The results find that both cognitive and moral legitimacy positively influence altruism, thus enhancing the efficacy of voluntary disclosure of personal health information to government agencies for pandemic governance. However, it is noteworthy that education level moderates the impact of these two dimensions of legitimacy on altruism. This research provides empirical evidence to enhance our understanding of how different dimensions of citizens’ perceptions of governance legitimacy in crisis situations shape their attitudes and behaviors towards privacy trade-offs.
Pragmatics in the Minimalist framework
Authors: Giorgi Alessandra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article explores the relationship between pragmatics and the other components of grammar. Specifically, it
aims to determine whether pragmatics is a distinct module of grammar coming into play at some point in the derivation process to
connect the sentence with the context. The conclusion is that, based on the phenomena considered in this work, pragmatics rather
than being a separate module, is distributed in the various components. It is shown in fact that the context
immediately intervenes at the representative level to yield the correct syntax to be fed to the sensorimotor system on one side,
and to the conceptual one on the other. The empirical focus of the article is on a specific type of questions in Italian, namely
surprise and surprise-disapproval questions, because they are most sensitive to pragmatic factors. The syntactic, prosodic, and
gestural components of these constructions will be examined, highlighting their most important characteristics.
Raising to object
Authors: Krivochen Diego Gabriel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper we provide an introduction to a set of tools for
syntactic analysis based on graph theory, and apply them to the study of some
properties of English accusativus cum infinitivo constructions,
more commonly known as raising to object or exceptional
case marking structures. We focus on puzzling extraction
asymmetries between base-generated objects and ‘raised’ objects and on the
interaction between raising to object and Right Wrap. We argue
that a lexicalised derivational grammar with grammatical functions as primitives
delivers empirically adequate analyses.
Pain Assessment in Cattle during Castration Using Facial Expressions as a Promising Tool
Authors: Farghal Mostafa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Pain is a significant welfare issue in farm animals including cattle, impacting their wellbeing and normal behaviors. The frequent occurrence of pain in cattle is due to husbandry procedures, injuries, and diseases. Cattle, as a prey species, avoid expressing pain which makes pain identification a challenging issue. Rapid pain recognition is crucial to its effective treatment. Several pain assessment tools have been developed, and some of them rely on observing alterations in animal behaviors such as activity, locomotion, feeding, play, and grooming. Moreover, changes in physiological parameters including blood biomarkers and heart rate have been used as indicators of pain. Furthermore, grimace scales, which rely on evaluating facial expressions of animals, have been developed and proven to be accurate pain assessment tool in multiple species. To reliably identify pain in cattle, it is preferred to employ a combination of diagnostic methods, as no single approach can stand alone in assessing pain accurately. Mitigation strategies become imperative when pain is anticipated during husbandry procedures such as castration. Prompt application of treatment strategies is paramount to avoid transition of acute to chronic pain which is hard to be treated.

Information
© The Author 2024
Electric Mountain Bikes, Ableism, and ‘Enwheelment’ in Outdoor Leisure
Authors: Cherrington James 
Published: March 2024

Summary
Electric mountain bikes combine user pedalling with electronic and motorised assistance to propel riders within off-road landscapes. Physically, this reduces the amount of effort required on behalf of the user, while allowing riders to cover longer distances in shorter amounts of time. This case study on electric mountain bikers in England analyses objections to electric mountain bike use, arguing that these are often constructed in ways that exclude disabled bodies. In light of these criticisms, the case provides an alternative perspective which shows how, through a process of ‘enwheelment’, disabled e-mountain bike users develop affirmative relationships with cycling technologies and environments that can help make outdoor leisure more inclusive and accessible.

Information
© CAB International 2024
Reconfiguring Cartesian Dualism through Pain and Place in a Disabled Body: A Personal Case Study on the Meaning of Adventure and the Outdoors
Authors: Jackson Mary A. 
Published: March 2024

Summary
Can an embodiment with place reconfigure what it means to be outdoors, whose body belongs? Through an autoethnographic narrative of lived experiences with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) and pain, this case study explores how the colonial and outdated meanings of adventure may exclude disabled outdoor practitioners. Remembering a lifetime of outdoor experiences, from childhood backpacking trips in the Sierra Nevada to working in the field in remote regions of the world, and finally, through field research in the Himalaya, the concept of embodiment of place and pain is examined. In this way, understanding embodiment leads to a dissolving of the Cartesian dualisms that so intently create expectations of what it means to be outdoors. Shifting from pushing through pain to embracing disability reconfigures these dominant narratives. As such, the meaning of adventure is subjective for any body who exists in the outdoors, as we are the apparatus of our experiences, contextual in space and time.

Information
© CAB International 2024
Monolithically integrated multimode interference coupler-based master oscillator power amplifier with dual-wavelength emission around 830 nm
Authors: Müller André , Koester Jan-Philipp , Theurer Lara Sophie , Fricke Jörg , Wenzel Hans , Knigge Andrea , Sumpf Bernd 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A monolithically integrated dual-wavelength multimode interference coupler-based master oscillator power amplifier is presented. It consists of two shallowly etched, laterally separated ridge waveguide laser cavities as master oscillators with individual distributed Bragg reflector gratings as cavity mirrors. A deeply etched coupling section containing S-bend shaped waveguides and a multimode interference coupler is used to couple the laser emission of the master oscillators into a shallowly etched single waveguide serving as power amplifier. Changing the etch depth for the coupling section enables a compact device layout. In addition, increased radiation angles of modes not coupled into the power amplifier help to suppress beam steering, otherwise indicated by laterally separated far-field intensity distributions. The device provides 0.5 W of dual-wavelength emission around 830 nm in individual and common operation. As designed, both emission wavelengths are separated by 0.5 nm with spectral widths below 20 pm, limited by the spectral resolution of the spectrometer. Both peak wavelengths remain within spectral windows of 50 pm within the available power range. This enables full flexibility selecting operating points for applications such as shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy and the generation of THz emission by photomixing. The emission wavelengths can additionally be non-continuously tuned by applying a heater current to resistors implemented next to the distributed Bragg reflector gratings. As an example, selected spectral distances of 0.5 nm, 1.0 nm, 1.5 nm, and 2.0 nm are demonstrated. Near field widths of 5 μm and far field angles of 17° result in beam propagation ratios of 1.4 (1/e2) in all operation modes and enable easy beam shaping or optical single-mode fiber coupling.
1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals potential pathogenic and biomarker metabolite alterations in Lafora disease
Authors: Chan Kimberly L , Panatpur Aparna , Messahel Souad , Dahshi Hamza , Johnson Talon , Henning Anke , Ren Jimin , Minassian Berge A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Lafora disease is a fatal teenage-onset progressive myoclonus epilepsy and neurodegenerative disease associated with polyglucosan bodies. Polyglucosans are long-branched and as a result precipitation- and aggregation-prone glycogen. In mouse models, downregulation of glycogen synthase, the enzyme that elongates glycogen branches, prevents polyglucosan formation and rescues Lafora disease. Mouse work, however, has not yet revealed the mechanisms of polyglucosan generation, and few in vivo human studies have been performed. Here, non-invasive in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 31P) was applied to test scan feasibility and assess neurotransmitter balance and energy metabolism in Lafora disease towards a better understanding of pathogenesis. Macromolecule-suppressed gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-edited 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 and 7 tesla, respectively, were performed in 4 Lafora disease patients and a total of 21 healthy controls (12 for the 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and 9 for the 31PMRS). Spectra were processed using in-house software and fit to extract metabolite concentrations. From the 1H spectra, we found 33% lower GABA concentrations (P = 0.013), 34% higher glutamate + glutamine concentrations (P = 0.011) and 24% lower N-acetylaspartate concentrations (P = 0.0043) in Lafora disease patients compared with controls. From the 31P spectra, we found 34% higher phosphoethanolamine concentrations (P = 0.016), 23% lower nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentrations (P = 0.003), 50% higher uridine diphosphate glucose concentrations (P = 0.004) and 225% higher glucose 6-phosphate concentrations in Lafora disease patients versus controls (P = 0.004). Uridine diphosphate glucose is the substrate of glycogen synthase, and glucose 6-phosphate is its extremely potent allosteric activator. The observed elevated uridine diphosphate glucose and glucose 6-phosphate levels are expected to hyperactivate glycogen synthase and may underlie the generation of polyglucosans in Lafora disease. The increased glutamate + glutamine and reduced GABA indicate altered neurotransmission and energy metabolism, which may contribute to the disease’s intractable epilepsy. These results suggest a possible basis of polyglucosan formation and potential contributions to the epilepsy of Lafora disease. If confirmed in larger human and animal model studies, measurements of the dysregulated metabolites by magnetic resonance spectroscopy could be developed into non-invasive biomarkers for clinical trials.
Household Transmission Dynamics of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2–Infected Children: A Multinational, Controlled Case-Ascertained Prospective Study
Authors: Funk Anna , Florin Todd A , Kuppermann Nathan , Finkelstein Yaron , Kazakoff Alissa , Baldovsky Michael , Tancredi Daniel J , Breslin Kristen , Bergmann Kelly R , Gardiner Michael , Pruitt Christopher M , Liu Deborah R , Neuman Mark I , Wilkinson Matthew , Ambroggio Lilliam , Pang Xiao-Li , Cauchemez Simon , Malley Richard , Klassen Terry P , Lee Bonita E , Payne Daniel C , Mahmud Salaheddin M , Freedman Stephen B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is highly prevalent but its acute and chronic implications have been minimally described.

Methods
In this controlled case-ascertained household transmission study, we recruited asymptomatic children &lt;18 years with SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing performed at 12 tertiary care pediatric institutions in Canada and the United States. We attempted to recruit all test-positive children and 1 to 3 test-negative, site-matched controls. After 14 days’ follow-up we assessed the clinical (ie, symptomatic) and combined (ie, test-positive, or symptomatic) secondary attack rates (SARs) among household contacts. Additionally, post–COVID-19 condition (PCC) was assessed in SARS-CoV-2–positive participating children after 90 days’ follow-up.

Results
A total of 111 test-positive and 256 SARS-CoV-2 test-negative asymptomatic children were enrolled between January 2021 and April 2022. After 14 days, excluding households with co-primary cases, the clinical SAR among household contacts of SARS-CoV-2–positive and –negative index children was 10.6% (19/179; 95% CI: 6.5%–16.1%) and 2.0% (13/663; 95% CI: 1.0%–3.3%), respectively (relative risk = 5.4; 95% CI: 2.7–10.7). In households with a SARS-CoV-2–positive index child, age &lt;5 years, being pre-symptomatic (ie, developed symptoms after test), and testing positive during Omicron and Delta circulation periods (vs earlier) were associated with increased clinical and combined SARs among household contacts. Among 77 asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2–infected children with 90-day follow-up, 6 (7.8%; 95% CI: 2.9%–16.2%) reported PCC.

Conclusions
Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2–infected children, especially those &lt;5 years, are important contributors to household transmission, with 1 in 10 exposed household contacts developing symptomatic illness within 14 days. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2–infected children may develop PCC.
LSTM vs CNN in real ship trajectory classification
Authors: Llerena Juan Pedro , García Jesús , Molina José Manuel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ship-type identification in a maritime context can be critical to the authorities to control the activities being carried out. Although Automatic Identification Systems has been mandatory for certain vessels, if a vessel does not have them voluntarily or not, it can lead to a whole set of problems, which is why the use of tracking alternatives such as radar is fully complementary for a vessel monitoring systems. However, radars provide positions, but not what they are detecting. Having systems capable of adding categorical information to radar detections of vessels makes it possible to increase control of the activities being carried out, improve safety in maritime traffic, and optimize on-site inspection resources on the part of the authorities. This paper addresses the binary classification problem (fishing ships versus all other vessels) using unbalanced data from real vessel trajectories. It is performed from a deep learning approach comparing two of the main trends, Convolutional Neural Networks and Long Short-Term Memory. In this paper, it is proposed the weighted cross-entropy methodology and compared with classical data balancing strategies. Both networks show high performance when applying weighted cross-entropy compared with the classical machine learning approaches and classical balancing techniques. This work is shown to be a novel approach to the international problem of identifying fishing ships without context.
Tabu search and genetic algorithm in rims production process assignment
Authors: Burduk Anna , Bocewicz Grzegorz , Łampika Łukasz , Łapczyńska Dagmara , Musiał Kamil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The paper discusses the problem of assignment production resources in executing a production order on the example of the car rims manufacturing process. The more resources are involved in implementing the manufacturing process and the more they can be used interchangeably, the more complex and problematic the scheduling process becomes. Special attention is paid to the effective scheduling and assignment of rim machining operations to production stations in the considered manufacturing process. In this case, the use of traditional scheduling methods based on simple calculations, or the know-how of process engineers often turns out to be insufficient to achieve the intended results. Due to the scale of the problems faced in practice, the methods based on approximate approaches (Genetic and Tabu Search) were used to solve them. In this perspective, the problem under consideration involves the extension of the classic assignment problem with the possibility of taking into account: the times of operations, potential changeovers and the capacity of production resources.
Metformin boosts antitumor immunity and improves prognosis in upfront resected pancreatic cancer: an observational study
Authors: van Eijck Casper W F , Vadgama Disha , van Eijck Casper H J , Wilmink Johanna W ,   for the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group (DPCG), Lips Daan J , van der Harst Erwin , Kazemier Geert , Patijn Gijs A , de Hingh Ignace H , Wijsman Jan H , Erdmann Joris I , Festen Sebastiaan , Koerkamp Bas Groot , Mieog J Sven D , den Dulk Marcel , Stommel Martijn W J , Busch Olivier R , de Wilde Roeland F , de Meijer Vincent E , te Riele Wouter , Molenaar I Quintus , Draaisma Werner , Manusama Eric , Lutchman Kishan R D , van Dieren Susan , Vlijm Anniek , Bonsing Bert A , Nio C Yung , de Groot Derik-Jan , Gootjes Elske C , van Veldhuisen Eran , Wit Fenny , Daams Freek , Cirkel Geert , van Tienhoven Geertjan , van Hellemond Irene E G , Wilmink Johanna W , de Vos-Geelen Judith , Bosscha Koop , Mekenkamp Leonie J , Nijkamp Maarten W , Los Maartje , van der Kolk Marion B , Homs Marjolein , Ramaekers Mark , Liem Mike S , Wumkes Miriam L , Michiels Nynke , van Dam Ronald , Theijse Rutger T , Luelmo Saskia , Bollen Thomas L , Neumann Ulf , Nieuwenhuijs Vincent 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Beyond demographic and immune factors, metabolic considerations, particularly metformin’s recognized impact in oncology, warrant exploration in treating pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to investigate the influence of metformin on patient survival and its potential correlation with distinct immune profiles in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors.

Methods
We included 82 upfront resected and 66 gemcitabine-based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT)-treated patients from the PREOPANC randomized controlled trial (RCT). Transcriptomic NanoString immunoprofiling was performed for a subset of 96 available resected specimens.

Results
Disparities in survival outcomes and immune profiles were apparent between metformin and non-metformin users in upfront resected patients but lacking in nCRT-treated patients. Compared to non-metformin users, upfront resected metformin users showed a higher median overall survival (OS) of 29 vs 14 months and a better 5-year OS rate of 19% vs 5%. Furthermore, metformin use was a favorable prognostic factor for OS in the upfront surgery group (HR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.99). Transcriptomic data revealed that metformin users significantly underexpressed genes related to pro-tumoral immunity, including monocyte to M2 macrophage polarization and activation. Furthermore, the relative abundance of anti-inflammatory CD163+ MRC1+ M2 macrophages in non-metformin users and immune-activating CD1A+ CD1C+ dendritic cells in metformin users was heightened (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
This study unveils immune profile changes resulting from metformin use in upfront resected pancreatic cancer patients, possibly contributing to prolonged survival outcomes. Specifically, metformin use may decrease the abundance and activity of pro-tumoral M2 macrophages and increase the recruitment and function of tumor-resolving DCs, favoring antitumor immunity.
[PREOPANC trial EudraCT: 2012-003181-40]