bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antarctic Geoscience Initiative
Authors: Dalziel Ian W. D. , Zimmerman Herman B. 
Published: October 2006

Antarctia has recently been described as a continent surrounded by advice. The advice stems from growing realization of the Antarctic's importance in many aspects of globalscale Earth science. This article outlines a U.S. and international initiative to move solid‐Earth scientists from an advisory role to one of acquiring new data bearing on the structure and evolution of the ice‐covered Antarctic lithosphere.The initiative has marine, airborne, and terrestrial components; plans for all three are underway. Platforms exist for undertaking the work at sea and in the air, but land geophysical techniques need to be adapted to the Antarctic environment. An international workshop to plan modern over‐ice geoscience transects will be convened in Washington, D.C., July 19–22 in conjunction with the 28th International Geological Congress (IGC).
Bromley appointed Science Advisor
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

President Bush has appointed D. Allan Bromley, a Yale nuclear physicist, as the White House science advisor. The position is now called Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, a possible indication of the larger role Bush has said the science advisor will have in domestic and foreign policy decisions.Bromley is director of the Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory at Yale and has been on numerous government science panels, including the Physics Survey Committee and the Naval Studies Board of the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. National Committee of the International Council of Scientific Unions.
Diverse responses to global change
Authors: Bush Susan M. 
Published: October 2006

Diversity describes the reaction to the very current issue of global warming, although most scientists and policymakers agree that there is a real threat to the world. Their message is an urgent, “We have to act now,” not 10 years from now when we are more certain that changes in climate result from human activity.The National Academy of Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, American Association for the Advancement of Science, and Sigma Xi held the 2‐day Forum on Global Change and Our Common Future, May 2 and 3 in Washington, D.C. It was a public meeting, with the aim of presenting the science of global change, its impact on society, and implications for public policy.
Geophysics benefits
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

An agreement signed May 6 between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. creates new opportunities for joint geophysical research programs. Dallas Peck, director of the U.S. Geological Survey, and Erich Bloch, director of the National Science Foundation signed two agreements for basic scientific research with the Soviets to establish links between between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Soviet Ministry of Geology and between the National Science Foundation and the Soviet Academy of Sciences. The USGS agreement also establishes a connection with the Soviet Academy of Sciences.The Memoranda of Understanding are the first to be developed under the Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Basic Scientific Research signed in January, by then Secretary of State George Shultz and Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze. The agreements address cooperation in basic rather than applied science and establish a formal mechanism for access to research facilities and support involving NSF, universities, the Soviet Academy of Sciences, USGS, and the Soviet Ministry of Geology.
Beyond “data”
Authors: Chamberlain Joseph W. 
Published: October 2006

I wish Marcia Neugebauer the best of luck as she assumes the job of Editor in Chief of Reviews of Geophysics. I hope she recovers her stolen word “data” (Eos, February 28, p. 129), but I don't hold much hope. She is doomed at the start by using as her authority, Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged, which often seems to have been written by Humpty Dumpty, who insisted that a word could mean whatever the master chooses it to mean.Old‐timers will recall the ruckus raised by purists when the Third first appeared in 1961. Take the word “data” (but not in Henny Youngman's “please” sense that Neugebauer finds deplorable): The Third already acknowledged that “data” is often used as a singular noun, and the recently issued Ninth Webster's Collegiate, which is the most recent version still based on the Third, goes the remaining distance and accepts this wide current usage as being correct. As far as Neugebauer's complaint is concerned, namely that “computer modelers … have started using ‘data’ for their products,” the Third gives as definition b(2), “detailed information of any kind.” You can't fight Humpty Dumpty.I wish Marcia Neugebauer the best of luck as she assumes the job of Editor in Chief of Reviews of Geophysics. I hope she recovers her stolen word “data” (Eos, February 28, p. 129), but I don't hold much hope. She is doomed at the start by using as her authority, Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged, which often seems to have been written by Humpty Dumpty, who insisted that a word could mean whatever the master chooses it to mean.Old‐timers will recall the ruckus raised by purists when the Third first appeared in 1961. Take the word “data” (but not in Henny Youngman's “please” sense that Neugebauer finds deplorable): The Third already acknowledged that “data” is often used as a singular noun, and the recently issued Ninth Webster's Collegiate, which is the most recent version still based on the Third, goes the remaining distance and accepts this wide current usage as being correct. As far as Neugebauer's complaint is concerned, namely that “computer modelers … have started using ‘data’ for their products,” the Third gives as definition b(2), “detailed information of any kind.” You can't fight Humpty Dumpty.
NASA shuffle
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

Samuel W. Keller, an experienced official of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration with a background in engineering, has been named by NASA Administrator Richard Truly to succeed Noel Hinners as Associate Deputy Administrator of NASA, the agency's third‐highest position. Most of the duties of Hinners' other job as NASA Chief Scientist will fall to Lennard Fisk, head of the Office of Space Science arid Applications.Keller's responsibilities will include management of NASA field centers, employees, renovating facilities, and other institutional matters. “‘Everything but the program’ is it's usually characterized,” Keller said of the job in an interview.
Ocean color: Availability of the global data set
Authors: Feldman Gene , Kuring Norman , Ng Carolyn , Esaias Wayne , McClain Chuck , Elrod Jane , Maynard Nancy , Endres Dan , Evans Robert , Brown Jim , Walsh Sue , Carle Mark , Podesta Guillermo 
Published: October 2006

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration/ Goddard Space Flight Center's Nimbus Project Office, in collaboration with the NASA/GSFC Space Data and Computing Division, the NASA/GSFC Laboratory for Oceans and the University of Miami/Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, have undertaken to process all data acquired by the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) to Earth‐gridded geophysical values and to provide ready access to data products [Esaias et al., 1986].An end‐to‐end data system utilizing recent advances in data base management and both digital and analog optical disc storage technologies has been developed to handle the processing, analysis, quality control, archiving and distribution of this data set. A more complete description of this system, which has been fully operational for the past 2 years, is in preparation. The entire Level‐1 data set (see Tables 1, 2) has been copied from magnetic tape to digital optical disc, and all data from the first 32 months (50% of the total scenes acquired, and covering the period November 1978 through June 1981) have been processed to Levels 2 and 3 and are now available for distribution. The remainder of the data set should be completed and released by fall 1989.
New ride on an old wave
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

A technique that applies inversion theory to tsunamis has led to a new branch of seismology and a tool for studying earthquakes that have left records on tide gauges but not on seismographs.For many years seismic waves have been used to piece together the complex tectonic motions of faults that create earthquakes. Now a Japanese seismologist has shown that the same methodology can be applied to tsunamis (Japanese for harbor wave), the powerful, sometimes catastrophic ocean waves that can result from submarine earthquakes. The method is potentially important because it is independent of seismic analysis and can be used to look at past earthquakes for which no seismic data are available.
Ocean sciences section starts new committee
Authors: Hickey Barbara 
Published: October 2006

To maximize our ability to obtain recognition of Ocean Sciences Section members as Fellows of AGU while minimizing the associated workload, I have, in consultation with our executive committee, established an Ocean Sciences Fellows Committee chaired by the President‐Elect to oversee and assist in the nomination process.The committee asks that anyone wanting to make a nomination send a one‐page proposal telling why an individual should be a Fellow. Proposals will be reviewed by the commitee, and a number equal to 1½ to 2 times our nomination quota will be chosen for full presentation. Committee members will then work with nominators to select and contact seconders, while the nominator provides the required curriculum vitae and publication list. The committee will assist in any manner possible to insure that the files that go forward are both timely and well documented.
The case for planetary sample return missions
Authors: Gooding James L. , Carr Michael H. , McKay Christopher P. 
Published: October 2006

The essential role of planetary sample studies in exploration of the solar system has been well established “Drake et al., 1987”. As part of the larger pursuit of comparative planetology, samples of other rocky planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars), planetary satellites, asteroids, and comets should reveal much about the materials and processes that formed Earth. In that context, Mars is an especially appealing sample target because of its distinctive, Earth‐like characteristics.Here, we review the scientific objectives and justifications for collecting documented samples of Mars and returning them to Earth for laboratory study. A Mars sample‐return mission will be technologically challenging but represents the only way to acquire definitive knowledge about formation of the planet, its geologic and climatic history, and its potential as a haven of life.
SPR: The right name?
Authors: Tsurutani Bruce T. 
Published: October 2006

Is the name “Solar Planetary Relationships” too vague and broad to adequately describe the type of work we do in our Section? For example, the prime “relationship” between the Sun and the planets is, of course, gravitational attraction. However, few in SPR regard orbital mechanics as a principal research thrust. We study the Sun and the planets, but the “relationship” aspect is limited to that affected by solar wind plasma and fields, energetic particles and solar photons.I have the feeling that a more descriptive name could be beneficial, but to what should we change it? What title, if any, would be agreeable to everyone? The relevant section of the Journal of Geophysical Research has the title “Space Physics.” NASA's Office of Space Science has a a division with the same name. Some of us study plasma physics, so “Space Plasma Physics” might be a better title. However, those ? 30–40%l of us who are in the SA subsection are involved largely with the study of neutral and ion chemistry in the upper atmosphere/ionosphere. None of the above names are particularly relevant to this portion of our work. The term “aeronomy” (measurement of air), coined by Sidney Chapman, is used by many university departments and in the titles of international conferences. Thus a title such as “Space Physics and Aeronomy” is even better (but longer). However, there are “aeronomers” who do not like the label, either for themselves or for their laboratories. A more serious problem is that the term is not in most dictionaries (not in Webster's Third New International Unabridged English Dictionary, 1966), so the man on the street probably will not understand this at all (perhaps we should write to Websters to get this changed!).
Knauss cleared to Head NOAA
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

John Knauss, a physical oceanographer with years of experience in marine policy, was confirmed last week by the Senate as the next administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. He succeeds William Evans, who had held the position, officially called Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmospheres, since the spring of 1988.Knauss has been a professor at the Graduate School of Oceanography of the University of Rhode Island since 1962 and was Dean of the school from 1962–1987. He served concurrently as URI's Provost for Marine Affairs from 1969–1982.
Digitizing the Florida Coast
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

High‐precision digitizing of Florida shorelines is complete for 18 coastal counties. Maps show ocean and lagoon shorelines, as well as the mainland shore, where barrier islands are present.The new maps make up the Historical Florida Shoreline Atlas, commissioned by the Division of Beaches and Shores, Florida Department of Natural Resources. More than 70 sheets show successive shorelines, taken from various maps; about 85 sheets show bathymetry and changes of bathymetry (with time). Scale is 1:24,000. Lines are color coded to source maps and dates.
Potomac River
Authors: Konikow Leonard F. 
Published: October 2006

The IAHS field trip Water Quality Issues on the Potomac River went to Washington, D.C., area May 14 to see the river and the Blue Plains Sewage Treatment Plant.The Potomac River is the second largest tributary entering the Chesapeake Bay. It is under tidal influence below the fall line, a short distance upstream from Washington, D.C. Extensive cleanup activities have been underway for more than 10 years in an effort to improve the historically degraded water quality of the river. Among other things, the cleanup has led to a dramatic resurgence of aquatic plant growth during the past 5 years, which some view as a problem.
Acid groundwater
Authors: Lyons W. Berry , Hines Mark E. , Long David T. , Herczeg Andrew L. 
Published: October 2006

A joint U.S.‐Australian workshop on acid groundwater systems was held March 7–11, 1989, at the University of Hawaii in Honolulu. Funding was provided by the International Division of the National Science Foundation and the Australian Department of Industry, Technology, and Commerce, and 11 U.S. and 6 Australian geoscientists attended.Lake Tyrell, located in southeast Australia, is a focus for groundwater discharge within the Murray Basin. The lake and surrounding region has attracted considerable interest following the pioneering work of Macumber [1983], who recognized the importance of complex hydrological and geochemical processes there. The interest from several researchers culminated in a joint program among U.S. and Australian scientists from five institutions initiated in early 1987. This meeting was a n extension of the cooperative U.S./Australian research program at Lake Tyrell.
Science, space budget approved
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

The Senate is about to approve a budget for NASA, NSF, and other independent agencies that would restore some of the money cut by the House version from President Bush's request.The Senate Appropriations Committee approved recommendations of its Veterans Affairs, Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies (VAHUDIA) subcommittee on $48.05 billion in discretionary spending for Fiscal Year 1990 on September 13. The full Senate could vote on the bill in the next few weeks. Differences between House and Senate versions of the bill will then be worked out by members of both houses in conference later in the year.
Budget Panel
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

President Don L. Anderson has set up a panel to review the federal budget as it applies to geophysics. The panel will propose a Union position on the federal budget, for Council approval.In addition to reviewing individual budget items, the panel will consider student and educational support, items absent from the budget, and the balance among funded programs, for example, large versus small projects, or how much support is given to different disciplines. The panel was specifically charged with soliciting the views of other societies in formulating their recommendation.
Climate and drought
Authors: McNab Alan L. 
Published: October 2006

Drought is a complex phenomenon that can be defined from several perspectives [Wilhite and Glantz, 1987]. The common characteristic and central idea of these perspectives is the straightforward notion of a water deficit. Complexity arises because of the need to specify the part of the hydrologic cycle experiencing the deficit and the associated time period. For example, a long‐term deficit in deep groundwater storage can occur simultaneously with a short‐term surplus of root zone soil water.Figure 1 [Changnon, 1987] illustrates how the definitions of drought are related to specific components of the hydrologic cycle. The dashed lines indicate the delayed translation of two hypothetical precipitation deficits with respect to runoff, soil moisture, streamflow and groundwater. From this perspective, precipitation can be considered as the carrier of the drought signal, and hydrological processes are among the final indicators that reveal the presence of drought [Hare, 1987; Klemes, 1987].
Poker Flat improvements
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The U.S. Senate Appropriations Committee approved on September 14 a $10.8 million upgrade to University of Alaska Fairbanks Poker Flat Research Range pending full House and Senate approval. The funding will provide for building design, scientific program planning, and initial road and foundation construction. Senator Ted Stevens (RAK) said, “It is an important recognition of the roles Poker Flat, the Geophysical Institute and this university play in the international science area,“ that the Senate approved the money in a time of budget pressure.Poker Flat's facilities include rocket assembly and launching capabilities, telemetry receiving stations and ground‐based diagnostic systems needed for launch decisions for space, aeronomy and atmospheric science experiments.
Are earthquakes deterministic or chaotic?
Authors: Rundle John B. , Julian Bruce R. , Turcotte Donald L. 
Published: October 2006

During the last decade, physicists and applied mathematicians have made substantial headway in understanding the dynamics of complex nonlinear systems. Progress has been possible due to the development of several new tools, including the renormalization group approach, phase portraits, and scaling methods (fractals). At the same time, mathematical geophysicists interested in earthquakes have begun to utilize these same concepts to generate models of faults and fractures.In order to bring these scientific communities together, it was decided to convene the workshop, Physics of Earthquake Faults: Deterministic or Chaotic?, held February 12–15, at the Asilomar conference center near Monterey, Calif. Thirty‐six Earth scientists met with 15 physicists and applied mathematicians to discuss how recent advances in nonlinear systems might be applied to better understand earthquakes. Funding was provided by the Geodynamics Branch of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy. Organizational and logistical support were provided by the U.S. Geological Survey.
Editor's Citations: Excellence in Refereeing
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The reviewers whose photographs appear below have been cited by editors of AGU's journals for excellence in refereeing. The time and diligence contributed by these reviewers enhance the quality of AGU's journals. The editor's citation recognizes this special service to the Union, and the individuals who are listed below are to be commended for consistently providing constructive and thoughtful reviews.This is the third of a three‐part series featuring the reviewers cited for excellence.
Confidence building
Authors: Roederer Juan G. 
Published: October 2006

Many conferences are being held on confidence building in many countries. Usually they are organized and attended by political scientists and science policy specialists. A remarkable exception, in which the main brainstorming was done by “grass roots” geophysicists, nuclear physicists, engineers and ecologists, was a meeting in July at St. John's College in Santa Fe, N. Mex.The aim of the conference Technology‐Based Confidence Building: Energy and Environment was to survey programs of international cooperation in pertinent areas of mutual concern to all nations and to identify new initiatives that could contribute to enhanced international stability, with emphasis on cooperation between the U.S. and U.S.S.R.
COARE of TOGA: Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Research Program Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE)
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Despite significant progress in the TOGA program, a number of major hurdles remain before the primary scientific objective can be achieved: prediction of the variability of the coupled ocean‐atmosphere system on time scales of months to years. Foremost among the remaining problems is understanding the physics that maintains and perturbs the western Pacific warm pool. Even though it is believed that this is a “center of action” for the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation phenomenon in the ocean and atmosphere, simulation of airsea fluxes, sea surface temperature, and upper ocean structure of the Western Pacific warm pool has been an elusive goal.Accordingly, COARE has been proposed as a major process study for the second half of the decade‐long TOGA program. The goals of TOGA/COARE are to describe and understand: the principal processes responsible for the coupling of ocean and atmosphere in the western Pacific warm pool system the principal atmospheric processes that organize convection in the warm pool region the oceanic response to combined buoyancy and wind stress forcing in the western Pacific warm pool region the multiple‐scale interactions that extend the oceanic and atmospheric influence of the western Pacific warm pool system to other regions and vice versa.
A view on EOS
Authors: Lucchitta Baerbel K. 
Published: October 2006

I am replying to the recent solicitation to provide views on NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) to an AGU panel (Eos, October 3, p. 886). My view concerns Landsat.A flashy EOS poster, recently distributed, features six images from space; three of these are from the Landsat satellite. Yet no Landsat‐type imaging system is contemplated for EOS. Imaging systems such as HIRIS and HRIS (high‐resolution imaging spectrometers) do not give the synoptic view of Landsat and are much too elaborate for simple but invaluable observations of many global‐ scale processes.