bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inherited thrombophilic factors do not increase central venous catheter blockage in children with malignancy
Authors: Chung Brian Hon‐Yin , Ma Edmond Shiu‐Kwan , Khong Pek‐Lan , Chan Godfrey Chi‐Fung 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundCentral venous catheter (CVC) blockage is a common complication in pediatric oncology patients. We investigated whether inherited thrombophilic factors may predispose Chinese children with cancer to CVC blockage.MethodNewly diagnosed patients with CVC inserted were recruited during a 30‐month period and prospectively followed until CVC removal, end of treatment or death. Protein C (PC), protein S (PS), anti‐thrombin III (AT‐III), Factor V Leiden (FVL), prothrombin 20210 variant (p20210), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism (C677T), were studied with other acquired factors. The primary endpoint was CVC blockage and symptomatic thromboembolic events (TE) were recorded.ResultThirty‐six patients were recruited. CVC blockage was found in 3/36 (8.3%) and the incidence was 0.23 per 1,000 catheter‐days. Among the 3 with CVC blockage, 2 were heterozygous for MTHFR polymorphism and 1 was heterozygous for PC deficiency. One with ALL developed superior saggital sinus thrombosis while on asparaginase and he was heterozygous for MTHFR polymorphism. One ALL patient with combined heterozygous MTHFR polymorphism, PC and PS deficiency did not develop any CVC blockage during a median follow‐up of 3.8 years. AT‐III deficiency, FVL and p20210 were not found in all patients.ConclusionCompared to previous studies, our cohort had a much lower incidence of CVC blockage. A different pattern of inherited thrombophilic factors was found with heterozygous MTHFR polymorphism being the most common. We concluded that inherited thrombophilic factors alone were not associated with CVC blockage in our pediatric cancer patient population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:509–512. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Valacyclovir and acyclovir pharmacokinetics in immunocompromised children
Authors: Bomgaars Lisa , Thompson Patrick , Berg Stacey , Serabe Baruti , Aleksic Alek , Blaney Susan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundValacyclovir, an orally administered pro‐drug of acyclovir, is utilized in the therapy of herpes simplex and herpes zoster infections. Little data regarding the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability are available for pediatric patients. This report describes acyclovir pharmacokinetics following valacyclovir administration in immunocompromised pediatric patients, compares pharmacokinetic parameters following oral valacyclovir and IV acyclovir, and provides a limited assessment of efficacy in the setting of active herpes zoster infection.ProcedureA total of 37 immunocompromised children were enrolled on one of two studies. Pharmacokinetic data are available for 32 patients following valacyclovir (15 mg/kg) administration, 11 of whom also had pharmacokinetic sampling following IV acyclovir administration. Three patients received valacyclovir as treatment for herpes zoster infections.ResultsMean (±SD) Cmax values for acyclovir following oral valacyclovir were 18.8 ± 7 µM with a total exposure of 4,106 ± 1,519 µM min. The mean bioavailability of acyclovir from valacyclovir was 64%. Grade 1 nausea and emesis, which occurred in five patients was the only valacyclovir‐related toxicity. Two of the three patients treated for herpes zoster had complete scabbing of lesions by day 9.ConclusionValacyclovir (15 mg/kg) was well tolerated in pediatric patients and demonstrated excellent bioavailability. Consideration should be given to the use of oral valacyclovir for the treatment of herpes zoster in clinically stable pediatric oncology patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:504–508. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coinheritance of sickle cell anemia and hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Selcuk Duru Nilgun , Celkan Tiraje , Civilibal Mahmut , Ozbek Nur Ozden , Basak A. Nazli , Elevli Murat 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTo date only three siblings with coinheritance of sickle cell anemia (SCA) and hereditary spherocytosis (HS) have been reported. We here describe a 17‐year‐old boy who experienced episodes of hemolysis and had a large spleen. The diagnosis of SCA was confirmed by hemoglobin electrophoresis (HbS 88.9%) and genetic analysis (homozygote HbSS mutation). The diagnosis of HS was established by an osmotic fragility test, performed twice. A splenectomy was performed, and following surgery the hemoglobin concentration was maintained between 9 and 11 g/dl without further transfusion requirements. This patient was the fourth reported case with co‐existence of two different genetically transmitted hemolytic anemias. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:560–563. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic diagnosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in the bone marrow of a patient without evidence of primary tumor
Authors: Lisboa Susana , Cerveira Nuno , Vieira Joana , Torres Lurdes , Ferreira Ana Maia , Afonso Mariana , Norton Lucília , Henrique Rui , Teixeira Manuel R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAlveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is characterized by two pathognomonic translocations, both involving the FOXO1 gene. We describe a case of a 10‐year‐old child with multiple lytic lesions involving all the vertebral bodies, sternum and femur and a bone marrow biopsy compatible with a small round cell neoplasia, but no evidence of a primary tumor. Interphase FISH analysis with specific probes evidenced a rearrangement involving the FOXO1 gene and RT‐PCR identified the PAX7‐FOXO1 fusion transcript. These data show a case of ARMS with no evidence of primary tumor presenting the PAX7‐FOXO1 fusion gene. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:554–557. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Post‐operative radiotherapy for Ewing sarcoma: when, how and how much?
Authors: Laskar S. , Mallick I. , Gupta T. , Muckaden M.A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPostoperative radiotherapy in Ewing family of tumors has undergone continuous evolution over the last few decades to establish its role in the combined modality management of these tumors. The process of evolution is still far from over. This review analyzes the evidence from major multi‐institutional prospective trials as well as large retrospective institutional series in Ewing tumors to determine the current standards and controversies in postoperative radiation. The indications of PORT, radiation dose‐fractionation, timing, target volumes and treatment planning, as well as the late effects are reviewed. A summary of evidence based consensus is presented and unresolved aspects are discussed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:575–580. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Remote Plasma‐Enhanced Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Aluminum Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Volintiru Ioana , Creatore Mariadriana , van Hemmen Johannes L. , van de Sanden Mauritius C. M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAluminum oxide films were deposited using remote plasma‐enhanced metalorganic chemical vapor deposition from oxygen/trimethylaluminum mixtures. Initial studies by in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry demonstrated that the aluminum oxide films deposited at temperatures <150 °C were porous. The low refractive index of 1.38 was found to increase to 1.52 under ambient conditions, due to ageing. In order to improve the film properties, two routes were explored. First, by increasing the substrate temperature films with a refractive index of 1.48 were obtained at 400 °C, accompanied by a strong decrease in OH concentration, as shown by infrared spectroscopy. Second, by applying an additional rf bias to the substrate the in situ refractive index increased up to 1.60 and the OH groups were quantitatively removed.magnified image
Structural characterization of CalO2: A putative orsellinic acid P450 oxidase in the calicheamicin biosynthetic pathway
Authors: McCoy Jason G. , Johnson Heather D. , Singh Shanteri , Bingman Craig A. , Lei In‐Kyoung , Thorson Jon S. , Phillips George N. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAlthough bacterial iterative Type I polyketide synthases are now known to participate in the biosynthesis of a small set of diverse natural products, the subsequent downstream modification of the resulting polyketide products remains poorly understood. Toward this goal, we report the X‐ray structure determination at 2.5 Å resolution and preliminary characterization of the putative orsellenic acid P450 oxidase (CalO2) involved in calicheamicin biosynthesis. These studies represent the first crystal structure for a P450 involved in modifying a bacterial iterative Type I polyketide product and suggest the CalO2‐catalyzed step may occur after CalO3‐catalyzed iodination and may also require a coenzyme A‐ (CoA) or acyl carrier protein‐ (ACP) bound substrate. Docking studies also reveal a putative docking site within CalO2 for the CLM orsellinic acid synthase (CalO5) ACP domain which involves a well‐ordered helix along the CalO2 active site cavity that is unique compared with other P450 structures. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deposition of nano‐crystalline lead chalcogenide thin films using a simple electrochemical technique
Authors: Mukherjee Nillohit , Ahmed Sk. Faruque , Mukherjee Dipankar , Chattopadhyay Kalyan Kumar , Mondal Anup 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNanocrystalline thin films of lead chalcogenides (PbS, PbSe and PbTe) were deposited on transparent conducting oxide (TCO) coated glass substrates at room temperature using a simple electrochemical (galvanic) technique, from suitable electrolytic solutions and without the application of any external bias. X‐ray characterization revealed that PbS, PbSe and PbTe thin films were all of cubic phase. The formation of nanocrystallites with dense and compact surface morphology was detected from FESEM and AFM measurements. The nanocrystalline films showed ‘blue shifted’ IR absorption. Hall measurements showed the materials to be p‐type in nature with carrier concentration in the range 1019 – 1020/cm3. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A cleaner approach towards deposition of CdS thin films by an electrochemical technique
Authors: Mondal Anup , Madhu Utpal , Bandyopadhyay Nil Ratan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCdS thin films have been deposited on Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO, containing SnO2: F) coated glass substrates from aqueous sodium thiosulfate solutions, using the galvanic technique. A cadmium foil was used as a sacrificial anode and was the only source of Cd++ ions for CdS thin films, no external bias being used during film depositions. The films have been characterized using X‐ray diffraction, SEM, EDX, AFM and optical absorption studies. AAS analyses were carried out to determine the Cd content in solutions after film deposition. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development and characterization of electrochemically enlarged silicon electrodes for energy storage microcapacitors
Authors: Sancho A. , Pérez N. , Gracia J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFocused on the development of high capacitance silicon‐based devices, an optimized anodization method has been carried out in order to obtain electrodes with a greatly enlarged area. This constitutes a first structural condition to maximize the charge storage density of the capacitor. According to this purpose, the macropore formation on P and N type substrates has been analyzed and contrasted. For this task, the deposition parameters of a transparent Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) layer on N‐type silicon have been established to ensure a conductive ohmic contact. Furthermore, the crystalline structure and transparency of the film have been demonstrated. This allows an efficient electron‐hole generation by illuminating the back side of the wafer. Referring the P‐type substrates, the effect of the applied current density in the superficial porosity and the macropore formation rate has been measured. A subsequent doping process of the macroporous structure by the use of a planar diffusion source has been performed to guarantee its low series resistance. In order to demonstrate the feasibility and mechanical robustness of the intended capacitance structure, a dielectric layer and a top electrode layer have been deposited. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrochemical formation of InP porous nanostructures and its application to amperometric chemical sensors
Authors: Sato Taketomo , Mizohata Akinori , Fujino Toshiyuki , Hashizume Tamotsu 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we report the electrochemical formation of the InP porous nanostructures and their feasibility for the application to the amperometric chemical sensors. Our two step electrochemical process consists of the pore formation on a (001) n‐type InP substrate and the subsequent etching of pore walls caused by changing the polarity of the InP electrode in a HCl‐based electrolyte. By applying the anodic bias to the InP electrode, the high‐density array of uniform nanopores was formed on the surface. Next, the cathodic bias was applied to the porous sample to reduce the wall thickness by cathodic decomposition of InP, where the thickness of InP nanowall decreased uniformly along the entire depth of the porous layer. From the amperometric measurements of the porous electrode, it was found that the electrocatalytic activity was much higher than that of the planar electrode. Furthermore, the current sensitivity for the H2O2 detection was much enhanced after the cathodic decomposition process. The InP porous nanostructure formed by the present process is one of the promising structures for the application to the semiconductor‐based bio/chemical sensors. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrodeposited nanocrystalline bronze alloys as replacement for Ni
Authors: Hovestad A. , Tacken R. A. , Mannetje H. H. ‘t 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNanocrystalline white‐bronze, CuSn, electroplating was investigated as alternative to Ni plating as undercoat for noble metals in jewellery applications. A strongly acidic plating bath was developed with an organic additive to suppress hydrogen evolution and obtain bright coatings. Polarization curves indicate a strong inhibition by the organic additive at the tin equilibrium potential. Mass transfer controlled deposition yields nanocrystalline bronze coating with 0–65 wt% Sn. One or two low temperature equilibrium phases, high temperature equilibrium phases or a non‐equilibrium phase were identified by XRD analyses. Bright white bronze, 50 wt% Cu/50 wt% Sn, bronze coatings show improved tarnishing resistance and similar corrosion and wear resistance as undercoat for gold on actual jewellery parts compared to nickel. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of surface pre‐treatment in the room temperature fabrication of nanoporous alumina
Authors: Leitao D. C. , Sousa C. T. , Ventura J. , Carpinteiro F. , Correia J. G. , Amado M. M. , Sousa J. B. , Araujo J. P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn nanoporous alumina, surface pre‐treatment, prior to the anodization process, plays a crucial role in the pore structure formation and organization. In this work we employ different pre‐treatments to determine the best suited for the subsequent anodization process. We observed significative differences in the current density transients (monitored during anodization), depending on the pre‐treatment used. For diamond paste polished surface, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the first anodization revealed a degraded porous structure, with no organization.Samples with NaOH soft chemical etching, ion milling etching and electropolishing pre‐treatments revealed the best quality first anodization surfaces, so that a second anodization process was applied. Current density transients, together with SEM images, showed that there was still growth competition for the ion‐milling and electropolishing cases and longer first anodization times are thus required to obtain the equilibrium structure. We show that only in the case of NaOH soft chemical etching, the dimples carved in the aluminum foil from the first anodization step, strictly guide the growth of pores during the second anodization step. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New insights in the electrodeposition mechanism of CuInSe2 thin films for solar cell applications
Authors: Chassaing Elisabeth , Ramdani Omar , Grand Pierre‐Philippe , Guillemoles Jean‐François , Lincot Daniel 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe electrodeposition of CuInSe2, one of the most appropriate absorber for thin layer photovoltaic solar cells, is investigated with a rotating disc electrode by voltametry, steady‐state polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in dilute acidic solutions. Three main potential domains are distinguished. At low cathodic polarizations, binary Cu‐Se compounds are deposited. Indium starts to incorporate beyond a potential threshold which is associated with a current peak similar to a passivation peak and with impedance diagrams showing a negative polarisation resistance. For more negative potentials the impedance diagrams exhibit mainly characteristic features corresponding to charge transfer under diffusional control. A reaction path is proposed. These results are discussed in terms of general behavior of multinary compound deposition. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and Seebeck coefficient of nanostructured phosphorus‐alloyed bismuth telluride thick films
Authors: Zhou Jian , Li Shanghua , Soliman Hesham M. A. , Toprak Muhammet S. , Muhammed Mamoun , Platzek Dieter , Müller Eckhard 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPhosphorous‐alloyed Bi2Te3 thick films have been prepared by electrochemical deposition. The average grain size of the films was calculated to be 14‐26 nm based on Scherrer's equation. The effect of P on the Seebeck coefficient of thermoelectric P‐alloyed Bi2Te3 thick film was investigated. The results show that P‐alloyed thick film has n‐type conductivity with the Seebeck coefficient of ‐35 μV/K. The correlation between P site occupancy in the crystal and the Seebeck coefficient was discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and characterization of cerium oxide by electrochemical methods
Authors: Lair V. , Ringuedé A. , Vermaut P. , Griveau S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCeria‐based materials have been synthesized by electrochemical process. Electrodeposition is an interesting cheap method which can be performed at ambient pressure and rather low temperature (less than 100 °C). Moreover, it is easy to control in situ the film thickness. Ceria coatings were obtained by an indirect electrodeposition method. A potentiostatic technique (–0.7 V/SCE) was used to first reduce a hydroxide precursor (O2 or NO3–) before leading to the formation of cerium oxide after 2h of deposition time. This work focused on the characterization of ceria films deposited onto stainless steel in view of high temperature fuel cell applications. The chosen deposition conditions lead to quite adherent, homogenous and covering films. The microstructure and the crystallinity of the ceria thin layers were characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD measurements. Electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was also used to locally study the conductive properties of ceria layers and the homogeneity of the deposited films. Finally, electrochemical characterizations such as impedance spectroscopy were performed under air atmosphere. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Odin: Team VictorTango's entry in the DARPA Urban Challenge
Authors: Bacha Andrew , Bauman Cheryl , Faruque Ruel , Fleming Michael , Terwelp Chris , Reinholtz Charles , Hong Dennis , Wicks Al , Alberi Thomas , Anderson, David , Cacciola Stephen , Currier, Patrick , Dalton Aaron , Farmer Jesse , Hurdus Jesse , Kimmel Shawn , King Peter , Taylor Andrew , Covern David Van , Webster Mike 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe DARPA Urban Challenge required robotic vehicles to travel more than 90 km through an urban environment without human intervention and included situations such as stop intersections, traffic merges, parking, and roadblocks. Team VictorTango separated the problem into three parts: base vehicle, perception, and planning. A Ford Escape outfitted with a custom drive‐by‐wire system and computers formed the basis for Odin. Perception used laser scanners, global positioning system, and a priori knowledge to identify obstacles, cars, and roads. Planning relied on a hybrid deliberative/reactive architecture to analyze the situation, select the appropriate behavior, and plan a safe path. All vehicle modules communicated using the JAUS (Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems) standard. The performance of these components in the Urban Challenge is discussed and successes noted. The result of VictorTango's work was successful completion of the Urban Challenge and a third‐place finish. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Construction constraints for geomorphic‐unit rehabilitation on regulated gravel‐bed rivers
Authors: Sawyer April M. , Pasternack Gregory B. , Merz Joseph E. , Escobar Marisa , Senter Anne E. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe emergent practice of applied river restoration uses best available equipment and contouring methods to construct detailed designs with some features at scales as small as 0.5‐m relief. As part of adaptive management, it is necessary to determine the practicability of design features and construction methods before widespread adoption. In this study, we compared design versus as‐built topography for five salmonid spawning habitat rehabilitation projects at riffle‐pool geomorphic units on the lower Mokelumne River, California, USA. These were built instream using rubber tire front loaders. Digital elevation models (DEMs) of each site were produced for pre‐project, design and as‐built conditions. DEM differencing was used to compare the as‐built surface against corresponding design surfaces at each site to identify deviations. Causes of each identified deviation were assessed based on subjective observations by a team during construction. Across the projects, 70% of as‐built topography was within ±0.15 m of design specifications. Of the 30% deviating from the design, 41% was overfilled and 59% underfilled. The 30% of rehabilitated channel area that deviated from designs did not affect predicted areas of high‐quality spawning habitat. On‐site factors that hindered accurate construction of designs included front loader fording depth, poor operator elevation estimation, operator spatial disorientation and wood obstructions. In addition, funding and project management uncertainties caused gravel supply deficits and gravel bulk density estimation errors. It is concluded that constructing broad (>0.5‐m relief) features of process‐based salmonid spawning habitat rehabilitation projects by gravel augmentation is practicable. However, uncertainties attributed to human error and available methods inhibit detailed (<0.5‐m relief) rehabilitation. Despite uncertainties, limitations and errors, following the recommendations reported in this study would improve the as‐built adherence to design specifications of future projects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.