bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short, frequent, light‐intensity walking activity improves postprandial vascular‐inflammatory biomarkers in people with type 1 diabetes: The SIT‐LESS randomized controlled trial
Authors: Safdar Nawaz Z. , Alobaid Anwar M. , Hopkins Mark , Dempsey Paddy C. , Pearson Sam M. , Kietsiriroje Noppadol , Churm Rachel , Ajjan Ramzi A. , Campbell Matthew D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the effect of interrupting prolonged sitting with short, frequent, light‐intensity activity on postprandial cardiovascular markers in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and MethodsIn a randomized crossover trial, 32 adults with T1D (mean ± SD age 28 ± 5 years, glycated haemoglobin 67.9 ± 12.6 mmol/mol, 17 women) completed two 7‐h laboratory visits separated by >7 days. Participants either remained seated for 7 h (SIT) or interrupted sitting with 3‐min bouts of self‐paced walking at 30‐min intervals commencing 1 h after each meal (SIT‐LESS). Physical activity, insulin regimen, experimental start times, and meal consumption were standardized during each arm. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)‐1 and fibrinogen were sampled at baseline, 3.5 and 7 h, and assessed for within‐ and between‐group effects using a repeated measures ANOVA. The estimated glucose disposal rate was used to determine the insulin resistance status.ResultsVascular‐inflammatory parameters were comparable between SIT and SIT‐LESS at baseline (p > .05). TNF‐α, IL‐1β, PAI‐1 and fibrinogen increased over time under SIT, whereas these rises were attenuated under SIT‐LESS (p < .001). Specifically, over the 7 h under SIT, postprandial increases were detected in TNF‐α, IL‐1β, PAI‐1 and fibrinogen (+67%, +49%, +49% and +62%, respectively; p < .001 for all). Conversely, the SIT‐LESS group showed no change in IL‐1β (−9%; p > .50), whereas reductions were observed in TNF‐α, PAI‐1 and fibrinogen (−22%, −42% and −44%, respectively; p < .001 for all). The intervention showed enhanced effects in insulin‐resistant individuals with T1D.ConclusionsInterrupting prolonged sitting with light‐intensity activity ameliorates postprandial increases in vascular‐inflammatory markers in T1D.Trial RegistrationThe trial was prospectively registered (ISRCTN13641847).
Effect of combination pioglitazone with sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists on outcomes in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and real‐world study from an international federated database
Authors: Anson Matthew , Henney Alex E. , Zhao Sizheng S. , Ibarburu Gema H. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Cuthbertson Daniel J. , Nabrdalik Katarzyna , Alam Uazman 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the efficacy and cardiovascular outcomes of combination pioglitazone with either a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) or a sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by conducting a systematic review, meta‐analysis, and analysis of a large international real‐world database.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Web of Science to identify relevant articles for inclusion (PROSPERO [CRD: 42023483126]). Nineteen studies assessing pioglitazone + SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP‐1RAs versus controls were identified, 16 of which were randomized controlled trials. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane‐endorsed tools and quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE. We additionally performed a retrospective cohort study of all individuals aged 18 years or over with T2D, using the TriNetX platform. We included propensity‐score‐matched individuals who were treated for at least 1 year with pioglitazone and a GLP‐1RA or pioglitazone and an SGLT2 inhibitor, compared against GLP‐1RA and SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy. Outcomes were all‐cause mortality, heart failure, chronic kidney disease and composite stroke and transient ischaemic attack.ResultsThe average follow‐up in the included studies ranged from 24 to 52 weeks. Combination of pioglitazone with a GLP‐1RA reduced glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and weight greater than in controls: mean differences −1% (95% confidence interval [CI] −1.27, −0.74) and −1.19 kg (95% CI −1.80, −0.58), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) or mortality between groups: mean difference − 1.56 mmHg (95% CI −4.48, 1.35; p = 0.30) and relative risk (RR) 0.29 (95% CI 0.07–1.15; p = 0.08), respectively. Combination of pioglitazone with SGLT2 inhibitors reduced HbA1c, weight and SBP to a greater extent than control treatment: mean differences −0.48% (95% CI −0.67, −0.28), −2.3 kg (95% CI −2.72, −1.88) and −2.4 mmHg (95% CI −4.1, −0.7; p = 0.01), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between groups (RR 1.81, 95% CI 0.30–10.97; p = 0.52). The included trials demonstrated a reduction in risk of heart failure with combination treatment. Similarly, from the real‐world database (n = 25 230 identified), pioglitazone and SGLT2 inhibitor combination therapy was associated with reduced risk of heart failure compared to monotherapy alone (hazard ratio 0.50, 95% CI 0.38–0.65; p < 0.001).ConclusionBoth our systematic review/meta‐analysis and the real‐world dataset show that combination of pioglitazone with either GLP‐1RAs or SGLT2 inhibitors is associated with increased weight loss and reduced risk of heart failure compared with monotherapy.
Cardiovascular health metrics defined by Life's Essential 8 scores and subsequent macrovascular and microvascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Ze‐Gui , Gao Jing‐Wei , Zhang Hai‐Feng , You Si , Xiong Zhuo‐Chao , Wu Yu‐Biao , Guo Da‐Chuan , Wang Jing‐Feng , Chen Yang‐Xin , Zhang Shao‐Ling , Liu Pin‐Ming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between cardiovascular health metrics defined by Life's Essential 8 (LE8) scores and vascular complications among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsThis prospective study included 11 033 participants with T2D, all devoid of macrovascular diseases (including cardiovascular and peripheral artery disease) and microvascular complications (e.g. diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy) at baseline from the UK Biobank. The LE8 score comprised eight metrics: smoking, body mass index, physical activity, non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin, diet and sleep duration. Cox proportional hazards models were established to assess the associations of LE8 scores with incident macrovascular and microvascular complications.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 12.1 years, we identified 1975 cases of incident macrovascular diseases and 1797 cases of incident microvascular complications. After adjusting for potential confounders, each 10‐point increase in the LE8 score was associated with an 18% lower risk of macrovascular diseases and a 15% lower risk of microvascular complications. Comparing individuals in the highest and lowest quartiles of LE8 scores revealed hazard ratios of 0.55 (95% confidence interval 0.47‐0.62) for incident macrovascular diseases, and 0.61 (95% confidence interval 0.53‐0.70) for incident microvascular complications. This association remained robust across a series of sensitivity analyses and nearly all subgroups.ConclusionHigher LE8 scores were associated with a lower risk of incident macrovascular and microvascular complications among individuals with T2D. These findings underscore the significance of adopting fundamental strategies to maintain optimal cardiovascular health and curtail the risk of developing diabetic vascular complications.
Prognostic significance of echocardiographic deformation imaging in adult congenital heart disease
Authors: van Rosendael Philippe J. , Taha Karim , Guglielmo Marco , Teske Arco J. , van der Harst Pim , Sieswerda Gertjan , Cramer Maarten J. , van der Zwaan Heleen B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDue to medical and surgical advancements, the population of adult patients with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is growing. Despite successful therapy, ACHD patients face structural sequalae, placing them at increased risk for heart failure and arrhythmias. Left and right ventricular function are important predictors for adverse clinical outcomes. In acquired heart disease it has been shown that echocardiographic deformation imaging is of superior prognostic value as compared to conventional parameters as ejection fraction. However, in adult congenital heart disease, the clinical significance of deformation imaging has not been systematically assessed and remains unclear.MethodsAccording to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews checklist, this systematic review included studies that reported on the prognostic value of echocardiographic left and/or right ventricular strain by 2‐dimensional speckle tracking for hard clinical end‐points (death, heart failure hospitalization, arrhythmias) in the most frequent forms of adult congenital heart disease.ResultsIn total, 19 contemporary studies were included. Current data shows that left ventricular and right ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) predict heart failure, transplantation, ventricular arrhythmias and mortality in patients with Ebstein's disease and tetralogy of Fallot, and that GLS of the systemic right ventricle predicts heart failure and mortality in patients post atrial switch operation or with a congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries.ConclusionsDeformation imaging can potentially impact the clinical decision making in ACHD patients. Further studies are needed to establish disease‐specific reference strain values and ranges of impaired strain that would indicate the need for medical or structural intervention.
Guidelines for conducting, analyzing, and interpreting electrical penetration graph (EPG) experiments on herbivorous piercing–sucking insects
Authors: Walker G. P. , Fereres A. , Tjallingii W. F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe electrical penetration graph (EPG) allows researchers to obtain information on the feeding behavior of herbivorous piercing–sucking insects, mostly Hemiptera. Guidelines are proposed for designing and conducting EPG experiments on insect–plant interactions, and for analyzing and interpreting the data. Several statistical issues common in EPG experiments are discussed. Pre‐recording insect handling, wiring, and being tethered can affect feeding behavior and recommendations are made to minimize such stresses. Recording duration can have a large effect on some variables and interpretation of the data. The pros and cons of long vs. short recording duration are discussed, and suggestions are made for reconciling these conflicting concerns. Replicates lacking a specific waveform pose problems for analyzing variables associated with that waveform. Proper ways for handling these replicates when analyzing data are discussed. The waveform in progress when the recording ends will be terminated before it would naturally end; consequently, its duration will be artificially short (truncated). This creates a problem for calculating mean or median duration of waveform periods (a waveform period is a single occurrence of the waveform), especially for waveforms that tend to occur relatively few times during a recording and in long periods, such as waveforms E2 and G (phloem and xylem sap ingestion for aphids) or Xi (xylem sap ingestion for xylem feeders). Based on a detailed analysis (see the supporting information), guidance is given on how to calculate mean and median duration of waveform periods when the last period is truncated. A modified experimental design is suggested to avoid the problem of truncated waveform periods. Most EPG variables are interdependent, and their values can affect one another. This interdependence should be considered when drawing conclusions from the data. In studies on plant resistance against vascular sap‐feeders, variables that are associated with resistance encountered during the penetration route to the vascular tissue and those encountered in the vascular tissue are discussed.
Surgical treatment of invasive fungal infection in pediatric oncology
Authors: Federica Fati , Elisa Zambaiti , Maria Grazia Petris , Calogero Virgone , Patrizia Dall' Igna , Maria Caterina Putti , Marica De Pieri , Piergiorgio Gamba , DeCorti Federica 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundInvasive fungal disease (IFD) is typically aggressive and related with high mortality in children with a hematological malignancy. The association of medical and surgical treatment may ameliorate the outcome. The aim of this study was to analyze the surgical treatment of fungal infections in pediatric oncological populations.MethodsRetrospective study (2000–2022) of a single‐center experience. We reviewed the medical record of all patients with hematologic malignancies and IFD, analyzing the outcome.ResultsFrom the 70 pediatric cases of hematologic malignancies with the diagnosis IFD over 22 years, we included in the present study 44 cases who required surgical approaches for either diagnosis or treatment. Twenty‐one patients were males and the mean age was 11 (range 1–23) years. The main indications for surgery were lack of improvement following medical treatment and/or progression of fungal infection (80%) and diagnosis confirmation (20%). Only five patients needed an emergency operation for rapid worsening of symptoms. The most common site of infection was the lung (80%) and the most frequently identified pathogen was Aspergillus (75%). The most common surgical procedures were lobectomy (performed in 17 patients) and atypical lung resection (10). Complications of surgery were mostly treated by medical approach. The mean time of resumption of oncological treatment was 40 (range 0–150) days.ConclusionsSurgery is an important step in the multimodal treatment of invasive fungal infection with excellent resolution rate. Overall mortality depends on the underlying malignancy.
High‐resolution mapping of available water content in Senegal using iSDA Africa dataset and USDA Rosetta3 model
Authors: Lavarenne Jérémy , Leroux Louise 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis data article presents a high‐resolution map of available water content (AWC) for Senegal, derived from the iSDA Africa dataset and the USDA Rosetta3 model, as well as the method used for its production. The map covers the entire country at a resolution of 30 m and provides a valuable resource for hydrological studies and spatialized crop model simulations in the region where water is a limiting factor for crop production. The dataset is based on existing soil properties data and leverages pedotransfer functions (PTFs) to estimate water retention capabilities from soil properties. This AWC map derived from datasets with enhanced accuracy offers a more precise estimate of soil water retention capacity, which can be instrumental in informing water and agricultural management, policy decisions and investments. The dataset, including intermediate variables, is available in geotiff format at Cirad Dataverse under the DOI 10.18167/DVN1/SGNSII and complies with FAIR data principles, allowing its broad reuse. The code used to produce this dataset is also made available under the DOI 10.5281/zenodo.10078399, so that AWC maps can be produced for any territory covered by the iSDA Africa product.
Beyond T cell toxicity – Intrathecal chemokine CXCL13 indicating B cell involvement in immune‐related adverse events following checkpoint inhibition: A two‐case series and literature review
Authors: Otto Ferdinand , Seiberl Michael , Bieler Lara , Moser Tobias , Kleindienst Waltraud , Wallner‐Essl Walter , Koelblinger Peter , Wipfler Peter , Harrer Andrea 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study was undertaken to raise awareness of a role of B cells in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐associated neurological immune‐related adverse events (nirAE).MethodsA systematic literature review was made, with case observations of a melanoma and a non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient who developed ICI‐associated nirAE with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings indicating B cell involvement.ResultsTwo patients receiving ipilimumab/nivolumab for melanoma and chemotherapy/pembrolizumab for NSCLC developed nirAE in the form of myocarditis/myositis/myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome (triple M) and cerebellitis plus longitudinal transverse myelitis (c‐LETM), respectively. Intrathecal inflammation with chemokine C‐X‐C motif ligand (CXCL13) elevation was present in both patients; the triple M case had acetylcholine receptor antibodies, antititin reactivity, altered CD4/CD8 T cell ratio in blood, and depressed programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) expression on CSF T cells; the c‐LETM case showed intrathecal antibody production and plasma cells. Both patients insufficiently responded to first‐line treatment. The NSCLC case improved upon administration of B cell‐depleting therapy with rituximab, whereas the melanoma patient died before escalation therapy was initiated. Literature research revealed one additional ICI‐associated LETM case with intrathecal CXCL13 elevation, three cases with ICI‐associated aquaporin‐4 antibody neuromyelitis spectrum disorder, and evidence of B cell‐mediated toxicity based on antibody‐mediated immune pathologies in ICI‐associated immune‐related adverse events.ConclusionsThe case observations highlight the plethora of uncertainties in diagnosis and treatment of ICI‐associated nirAE, exemplify the heterogeneity of immune mechanisms involved, and suggest a role of B cells, which may be underdiagnosed. Intrathecal CXCL13 may serve as a biomarker of B cell involvement in nirAE, supported by intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis, presence of plasma cells, and/or recruitment of cognate immune cells.
Ultimate pose estimation: A comparative study
Authors: Hassan Esraa , Hossain M. Shamim , Elmuogy Samir , Ghoneim Ahmed , AlMutib Khalid , Saber Abeer 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPose estimation is a computer vision task used to detect and estimate the pose of a person or an object in images or videos. It has some challenges that can leverage advances in computer vision research and others that require efficient solutions. In this paper, we provide a preliminary review of the state‐of‐the‐art in pose estimation, including both traditional and deep learning approaches. Also, we implement and compare the performance of Hand Pose Estimation (HandPE), which uses PoseNet architecture for hand sign problems, for an ASL dataset by using different optimizers based on 10 common evaluation metrics on different datasets. Also, we discuss some related future research directions in the field of pose estimation and explore new architectures for pose estimation types. After applying the PoseNet model, the experiment results showed that the accuracy achieved was 99.9%, 89%, 97%, 79%, and 99% for the ASL alphabet, HARPET, Yoga, Animal, and Head datasets, comparing those with common optimizers and evaluation metrics on different dataset.
A quantitative residual stiffness model for carbon fiber reinforced polymer tendons
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Jiwen , Gonzalez‐Libreros Jaime , Tu Yongming , Elfgren Lennart , Sas Gabriel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, tension‐tension fatigue tests were conducted to investigate the residual stiffness degradation of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons. Different stress levels were used in the tests, and measurements of residual stiffness and the number of loading cycles were taken. Based on experimental data for CFRP tendons, a quantitative residual stiffness model was developed by modifying Yao's model. This model is applicable to various stress levels. To assess its accuracy and applicability, the predicted results of this model were compared with those of cited models from other researchers. The findings revealed a three‐stage degradation of residual stiffness in CFRP tendons under different stress levels. Furthermore, it was observed that the proportion of fatigue life accounted for by Stage III decreased with smaller stress ranges, while the proportion accounted for by Stage II increased. The proposed quantitative residual stiffness model was verified using both experimental and cited data.
Nitrogen subsidies to pelagic food webs through profundal methane‐oxidising bacteria in oligotrophic fresh water
Authors: dela Paz Erica Silk P. , Okuda Noboru , Ho Pei‐Chi , Lin Fan‐Sian , Hsieh Chih‐hao , Lai Chao‐Chen , Fujibayash Megumu , Shiah Fuh‐Kwo , Ko Chia‐Ying 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Nutrient subsidy of methane‐oxidising bacteria (MOB), an alternative basal resource, to plankton communities through pelagic‐benthic coupling is expected to alter carbon‐to‐nitrogen (C/N) ratios and biomass of zooplankton, and affect biological processes in aquatic food webs. Previous studies indicate that most MOB nutrient subsidies to zooplankton are focused largely on C subsidies; nevertheless, considering that N is important to zooplankton and phytoplankton growth, a better understanding of MOB N subsidies to plankton communities is needed.

We examined changes in nutrients, phytoplankton mass‐specific productivity, MOB reliance, C/N ratios and biomass of zooplankton between summer stratification and winter mixing periods based on in situ investigation in a subtropical deep oligotrophic freshwater ecosystem during 2010–2014.

The results revealed that with increasing reliance on MOB during the winter mixing period, zooplankton C/N ratios decreased and had a significantly nonlinearly inverse relationship with zooplankton biomass. The negative relationship between zooplankton biomass and phytoplankton mass‐specific productivity was further observed in synchronous time.

The profundal MOB enhanced pelagic‐profundal coupling and served as an alternative N support for pelagic plankton food webs during the winter and/or less productive seasons, adding to greater understanding of the role of methanotrophs in aquatic food webs.