bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Gait During Performance of the Dynamic Gait Index in People With and People Without Balance or Vestibular Disorders
Authors: Marchetti Gregory F , Whitney Susan L , Blatt Philip J , Morris Laura O , Vance Joan M 
Published: February 2008

Background and PurposeUnderstanding underlying gait characteristics during performance of the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) could potentially guide interventions. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and reliability of gait performance during the level walking items of the DGI in people with balance or vestibular dysfunction. The study was a cross-sectional investigation with 2-group comparisons.Subjects and MethodsForty-seven subjects (mean age=59.2 years, SD=8.5, range=24–90) participated in the study; 26 were control subjects, and 21 were subjects with balance or vestibular dysfunction. Three trials of each level gait item were administered to subjects as they ambulated on an instrumented walkway. Test-retest reliability was determined by use of an intraclass correlation coefficient (3,1) 2-way random-effects model for gait parameters associated with continuous walking and the item requiring turning and stopping quickly. Mean gait parameter differences between control subjects and subjects with balance or vestibular disorders were compared by use of a multivariate analysis of variance for each gait task.ResultsThe reliability of most gait parameters during DGI performance were fair to excellent between trials. Subjects with balance or vestibular disorders demonstrated differences in gait characteristics compared with control subjects. The heterogeneity of the group of subjects with balance or vestibular disorders does not permit inferences to be drawn regarding the relationship between gait and any specific balance or vestibular diagnosis. The results are most pertinent to people with chronic balance or vestibular disorders.Discussion and ConclusionGait parameters underlying dynamic walking appeared to be relatively reliable across multiple trials and distinguished subjects with balance or vestibular disorders. Evaluating a person's performance on items of the DGI may be useful in identifying gait deviations and in evaluating gait improvements as a result of interventions.
An epidemiological study of myopathies in Warmblood horses
Authors: HUNT L. M. , VALBERG S. J. , STEFFENHAGEN K. , McCUE M. E. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryReasons for performing study: There are few detailed reports describing muscular disorders in Warmblood horses.Objectives: To determine the types of muscular disorders that occur in Warmblood horses, along with presenting clinical signs, associated risk factors and response to diet and exercise recommendations, and to compare these characteristics between horses diagnosed with polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM), those diagnosed with a neuromuscular disorder other than PSSM (non‐PSSM) and control horses.Methods: Subject details, muscle biopsy diagnosis and clinical history were compiled for Warmblood horses identified from records of biopsy submissions to the University of Minnesota Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory. A standardised questionnaire was answered by owners at least 6 months after receiving the muscle biopsy report for an affected and a control horse.Results: Polysaccharide storage myopathy (72/132 horses) was the most common myopathy identified followed by recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER) (7/132), neurogenic or myogenic atrophy (7/132), and nonspecific myopathic changes (14/132). Thirty‐two biopsies were normal. Gait abnormality, ‘tying‐up’, Shivers, muscle fasciculations and atrophy were common presenting clinical signs. Forty‐five owners completed questionnaires. There were no differences in sex, age, breed, history or management between control, PSSM and non‐PSSM horses. Owners that provided the recommended low starch fat supplemented diet and regular daily exercise reported improvement in clinical signs in 68% (19/28) of horses with a biopsy submission and 71% of horses diagnosed with PSSM (15/21).Conclusions: Muscle biopsy evaluation was a valuable tool to identify a variety of myopathies in Warmblood breeds including PSSM and RER. These myopathies often presented as gait abnormalities or overt exertional rhabdomyolysis and both a low starch fat supplemented diet and regular exercise appeared to be important in their successful management.Potential relevance: Warmbloods are affected by a variety of muscle disorders, which, following muscle biopsy diagnosis can be improved through changes in diet and exercise regimes.
The effect of induced hindlimb lameness on thoracolumbar kinematics during treadmill locomotion
Authors: ALVAREZ C. B. GOMEZ , BOBBERT M. F. , LAMERS L. , JOHNSTON C. , BACK W. , van WEEREN P. R. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryReasons for performing study: There are no detailed studies describing a relationship between hindlimb lameness and altered motion of the back.Objectives: To quantify the effect of induced subtle hindlimb lameness on thoracolumbar kinematics in the horse.Methods: Kinematics of 6 riding horses were measured during walk and trot on a treadmill before and during application of pressure on the sole of the left hindlimb using a well‐established sole pressure model. Reflective markers were located at anatomical landmarks on the limbs, back, head and neck for kinematic recordings. Ground reaction forces (GRF) in individual limbs were calculated from kinematics to detect changes in loading of the limbs.Results: When pressure on the sole of the hindlimb was present, horses were judged as lame (grade 2on the AAEP scale 1–5) by an experienced clinician. No significant unloading of this limb was found in the group of horses (unloading was observed in 4 animals, but was not detectable in the other 2), but statistically significant effects on back kinematics were detected. The overall flexion‐extension (FE) range of motion (ROM) of the vertebral column was increased at walk, especially in the thoracic segments. Axial rotation (AR) ROM of the pelvis was also increased. At trot, the FE ROM was decreased only in the segment L3‐L5‐S3. During the stance phase of the lame limb, the segment T6‐T10‐T13 was more flexed and the neck was lowered at both gaits; the thoracolumbar segments were more extended at walk and trot. There were no significant changes in the stride length or protraction‐retraction angles in any of the limbs.Conclusions: Subtle hindlimb lameness provoked slight but detectable changes in thoracolumbar kinematics. The subtle lameness induced in this study resulted in hyperextension and increased ROM of the thoracolumbar back, but also in decreased ROM of the lumbosacral segment and rotational motion changes of the pelvis.Potential relevance: Even subtle lameness can result in changes in back kinematics, which emphasises the intricate link between limb function and thoracolumbar motion. It may be surmised that, when chronically present, subtle lameness induces back dysfunction.
Effect of chiropractic manipulations on the kinematics of back and limbs in horses with clinically diagnosed back problems
Authors: ALVAREZ C. B. GOMEZ , L'AMI J. J. , MOFFATT D. , BACK W. , van WEEREN P. R. 
Published: February 2008

Summary Reasons for performing study: Although there is anecdotal evidence of clinical effectiveness of chiropractic in treatment of equine back pain, little scientific work has been reported on the subject. Objectives: To quantify the effect of chiropractic manipulations on back and limb kinematics in horse locomotion. Methods: Kinematics of 10 Warmblood horses were measured over ground at walk and trot at their own preferred speed, before and one hour and 3 weeks after chiropractic treatment that consisted of manipulations of the back, neck and pelvic area. Speed was the same during all measurements for each horse. Results: Chiropractic manipulations resulted in increased flexion‐extension range of motion (ROM) (P<0.05) at trot in the vertebral angular segments: T10‐T13‐T17 (0.3°) and T13‐T17‐L1 (0.8°) one hour after treatment, but decreased ROM after 3 weeks. The angular motion patterns (AMPs) of the same segments showed increased flexion at both gaits one hour after treatment (both angles 0.2° at walk and 0.3° at trot, P<0.05) and 3 weeks after treatment (1.0° and 2.4° at walk and 1.9° and 2.9° at trot, P<0.05). The lumbar (L3 and L5) area showed increased flexion after one hour (both angles 0.3° at walk and 0.4° at trot P<0.05), but increased extension after 3 weeks (1.4° and 1.2°, at trot only, P<0.05). There were no detectable changes in lateral bending AMPs. The inclination of the pelvis was reduced at trot one hour (1.6°) and 3 weeks (3°) after treatment (P<0.05). The mean axial rotation of the pelvis was more symmetrical 3 weeks after the treatment at both gaits (P<0.05). There were no changes in limb angles at walk and almost no changes at trot. Conclusions: The main overall effect of the chiropractic manipulations was a less extended thoracic back, a reduced inclination of the pelvis and improvement of the symmetry of the pelvic motion pattern. Potential relevance: Chiropractic manipulations elicit slight but significant changes in thoracolumbar and pelvic kinematics. Some of the changes are likely to be beneficial, but clinical trials with increased numbers of horses and longer follow‐up are needed.
Early exercise advances the maturation of glycosaminoglycans and collagen in the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage in the horse
Authors: van WEEREN P. R. , FIRTH E. C. , BROMMER H. , HYTTINEN M. M. , HELMINEN H. J. , ROGERS C. W. , DeGROOT J. , BRAMA P. A. J. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryReasons for performing study: Training at a very young age may influence the characteristics of the collagen network of articular cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) in horses.Objectives: To investigate whether increasing workload of foals results in significant changes in the biochemical composition of articular cartilage ECM.Methods: Thoroughbred foals (n = 33) were divided into 2 different exercise groups from age 10 days‐18 months. One group (PASTEX; n = 15) was reared at pasture; the other (CONDEX; n = 18) underwent a specific additional training programme that increased workload by 30%. At mean age 18 months, 6 animals from each group were subjected to euthanasia. The proximal articular surface of the proximal phalanx of the right hindlimb was examined for the presence of damage using the cartilage degeneration index (CDI). Samples were taken from 2 sites with known different loading patterns. Slices were analysed for DNA, glycosaminoglycans (GAG), collagen and post translational modifications of collagen (formation of hydroxylysylpyridinoline [HP] and pentosidine crosslinks, and hydroxylysine [Hyl]), and exercise groups and different sites compared.Results: There were no differences in CDI betweenPASTEXandCONDEXanimals, indicating the absence of extra joint damage due to the exercise regimen. There were site‐related differences for most biochemical variables, corroborating earlier reports. All biochemical variables showed differences betweenPASTEXandCONDEXgroups at one of the sites, and some at both. GAG and collagen levels were lower in theCONDEXgroup whereas Hyl, HP crosslinks and pentosidine crosslinks were higher.Conclusions and potential relevance: A measurable effect of the conditioning exercise was demonstrated. The margin between too much and too little work when training foals may be narrower than intuitively presumed.
Prevalence of latent, neuropathogenic equine herpesvirus‐1 in the Thoroughbred broodmare population of central Kentucky
Authors: ALLEN G. P. , BOLIN D. C. , BRYANT U. , CARTER C. N. , GILES R. C. , HARRISON L. R. , HONG C. B. , JACKSON C. B. , POONACHA K. , WHARTON R. , WILLIAMS N. M. 
Published: February 2008

Summary Reasons for performing study: An emerging problem of equine herpesvirus‐1 (EHV‐1) infection in horses in the USA is a high‐mortality myeloencephalopathy that commonly occurs where large numbers of horses are stabled. EHV‐1 isolates recovered from recent neurological outbreaks represent a mutant virus strain that possesses enhanced neuropathogenicity. A central question of EHV‐1 myeloencephalopathy is the latency carriage rate for these mutants of EHV‐1 in USA horse populations. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of neuropathogenic strains of EHV‐1 as latent infections in the Thoroughbred broodmare population of central Kentucky. Methods: Submandibular lymph nodes (SMLN) were collected during post mortem examination of 132 Thoroughbred broodmares. Total DNA purified from SMLN tissue was tested for the presence of latent EHV‐1 DNA by an ultrasensitive magnetic bead‐based, sequence‐capture, nested PCR method. Differentiation of active from latent infections by EHV‐1 was achieved by detection of transcripts of EHV‐1 glycoprotein B by reverse transcription PCR. Results: Latent EHV‐1 DNA was detected in the SMLN tissues of 71 (54%) of the 132 mares submitted for necropsy. Thirteen (18%) of the 71 latently infected horses harboured the neuropathogenic biovar of EHV‐1. Of the 13 horses latently infected with an ORF30 mutant strain of EHV‐1, 11 also carried a latent, wild‐type strain of the virus in their SMLN tissues. Conclusions: Neuropathogenic strains of EHV‐1 have established a significant presence in the Thoroughbred broodmare population of central Kentucky as latently infected carrier horses. The data also indicate that a highly sensitive DNA detection method is required to identify many instances of EHV‐1 latency. Potential relevance: The presence of a relatively large biological reservoir of latent, neuropathogenic EHV‐1 has the potential for posing emerging equine health and economic threats to the future prosperity of the USA horse industry.
Evaluation of a new strategy to modulate skeletal development in Thoroughbred performance horses by imposing track‐based exercise during growth
Authors: ROGERS C. W. , FIRTH E. C. , McILWRAITH C. W. , BARNEVELD A. , GOODSHIP A. E. , KAWCAK C. E. , SMITH R. K. W. , van WEEREN P. R. 
Published: February 2008

Summary Reasons for performing study: No data exist on the intensity of exercise required or on possible harmful effects of increasing exercise in foals over the natural level when free at pasture. Objectives: To investigate whether an increase in workload over free pasture exercise in the period from directly after birth to the start of training is tolerated by Thoroughbred (TB) foals without increasing injury rate or producing other undesired side effects. Methods: Thirty‐three TB foals were allocated to one of 2 exercise groups directly after birth. One group (PASTEX) was raised on pasture and the other (CONDEX) kept under identical circumstances, but was additionally subjected to an exercise protocol of gradually increasing intensity. Foals were monitored periodically and scored for the presence of clinical signs related to the musculoskeletal system (joint effusion, pain at flexion, occurrence of physeal swelling), and radiographs taken at the end of the conditioning phase. Also, behavioural studies were performed to detect any changes in behaviour related to the exercise programme. Cortisol levels were measured in both groups, to assess the level of stress. Results: Workload in the CONDEX group was significantly higher than in the PASTEX group (approximately 30%). Conditioning increased the likelihood for joint effusion in the antebrachiocarpal joint, but reduced tarsocrural effusion and physeal swelling at the lateral distal radius, the third metacarpal bone (medial aspect) and lateral and medial aspects of the third metatarsal bone. Conclusions: The 30% increase in workload did not affect the animals' welfare, effects of conditioning exercise on clinical musculoskeletal health were few and there were no adverse effects. Potential relevance: This study supports the feasibility of imposing early conditioning exercise in horses and is a benchmark for its effects on the development of equine musculoskeletal tissues.
The composition of the inflammatory infiltrate in three cases of polyneuritis equi
Authors: van GALEN G. , CASSART D. , SANDERSEN C. , DELGUSTE C. , NOLLET H. , AMORY H. , DUCATELLE R. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryPolyneuritis equi (PNE) is a rare neurological disease in the horse. Because of the suspicion in PNE of a T‐lymphocyte mediated immune response against the myelin, the objective of this study was to determine the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate in the involved nerves of 3 horses with PNE, studied retrospectively.T‐lymphocytes were demonstrated in the lesions, which suggests a T‐lymphocyte mediated immune response against myelin. In addition, the presence of B‐lymphocytes indicated a local production of antibodies. More research, involving a prospective study, is needed to determine whether the T‐lymphocytes are cytotoxic or T‐helper lymphocytes.
Analysis of Histone Modifications by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Villar‐Garea Ana , Israel Lars , Imhof Axel 
Published: February 2008

AbstractHistone N‐termini undergo diverse post‐translational modifications that significantly extend the information potential of the genetic code. Moreover, they appear to mark specific chromatin regions, modulating epigenetic control, lineage commitment, and overall function of chromosomes. It is widely accepted that histone modifications affect chromatin function, but the exact mechanisms of how modifications on histone tails and specific combinations of modifications are generated, and how they cross‐talk with one another, is still enigmatic. Mass spectrometry is ideal for the analysis of histone modifications and is becoming the gold standard for histone post‐translational modification analysis since it allows the quantification of modifications and combinations. This unit describes how high‐resolution mass spectrometry can be used to study histone post‐translational modifications. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 51:14.10.1‐14.10.14. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Die Parkhauslasten in DIN 1055‐3
Authors: Fingerloos Frank , Timm Günter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDie folgenden Erläuterungen sollen die Hintergründe der Festlegungen in DIN 1055‐3 “Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke – Eigen‐ und Nutzlasten” zu den Parkhauslasten der Kategorie F zusammenfassen. Auf der Basis von Vergleichsrechnungen werden Empfehlungen zur Zuordnung von Deckenspannweiten zu Lasteinzugsflächen gegeben. Auf Basis dieser Informationen kann der Tragwerksplaner die Anwendung der Lastkategorie F und der zugeordneten Nutzlasten qualifiziert vornehmen.
Diskussionsforum: Die nichtlineare Berechnung von schlanken Stahlbetonstützen nach EN 1992‐1‐1 Punkt 5.8.6 (3) und die diesbezüglichen nationalen Österreichischen Erläuterungen
Authors: Krachsberger Herbert 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDie nichtlineare Berechnung von sehr schlanken Stützen mit überwiegend Normalkraftbeanspruchung (z. B. sehr schlanke Innenstützen in einem durch Wandscheiben horizontal ausgesteiften Stahlbeton‐Skelettbau) wird in der EN 1992‐1‐1 unter Punkt 5.8.6 behandelt.Es werden in diesem Beitrag Beispielstützen berechnet und die Teilsicherheiten gegen die rechnerischen Versagenswiderstände bei Stabilitätsversagen (Knickversagen) ermittelt.Diese Teilsicherheiten sind aus Sicht des Autors unzureichend klein. Es wird ein Vorschlag gemacht, wie die Sicherheit angehoben werden könnte.
Chemosystematic Value of Chemical Constituents from Scabiosa hymettia (Dipsacaceae)
Authors: Christopoulou Clio , Graikou Konstantia , Chinou Ioanna 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe first phytochemical investigation of Scabiosa hymettia led to the isolation and characterization of nine known compounds, 2–10, and of the new kaempferol derivative 1. In total, two flavonoids, three coumarins, three iridoids, and two phenolic constituents were obtained. The chemosystematic value of these compounds, as well as the metabolic relationship between swertiamarin (6) and the other isolated coumarins, are discussed. Both the extracts as well as all isolated constituents of S. hymettia were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against six Gram‐positive or Gram‐negative bacteria, and against three human pathogenic fungi. The new compound 1 was found to exhibit the highest activity against all organisms tested.
Constituents of Asarum sieboldii with Inhibitory Activity on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐Induced NO Production in BV‐2 Microglial Cells
Authors: Han Ah‐Reum , Kim Hye Jeoung , Shin Minkyu , Hong Moochang , Kim Yang Seok , Bae Hyunsu 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBioassay‐guided fractionation of the root extract of Asarum sieboldii led to the isolation of the four active compounds (−)‐sesamin (1), (2E,4E,8Z,10E)‐N‐(2‐methylpropyl)dodeca‐2,4,8,10‐tetraenamide (2), kakuol (3), and ‘3,4,5‐trimethoxytoluene’ (=1,2,3‐trimethoxy‐5‐methylbenzene; 4), in terms of inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitric oxide (NO) production. Compounds 1–4 showed potent inhibition of NO production, with IC50 values in the low nanomolar‐to‐micromolar range. Also isolated were the known compounds methylkakuol (5), ‘3,5‐dimethoxytoluene’, safrole, asaricin, methyleugenol, and (−)‐asarinin, which were found to be inactive in the above assay. Among the ten known isolates, compounds 1, 2, and 5 were found for the first time in this plant.
Efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Ross Robert W. , Xie Wanling , Regan Meredith M. , Pomerantz Mark , Nakabayashi Mari , Daskivich Timothy J. , Sartor Oliver , Taplin Mary‐Ellen , Kantoff Philip W. , Oh William K. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to compare predictive factors for the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) either with (M+) or without (M−) metastases.METHODSA cohort of prostate cancer patients was identified from a medical oncology practice treated with ADT for presumed nonlocalized prostate cancer, evaluated the efficacy of ADT using prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) time to progression (TTP) and compared factors associated with TTP in M− and M+ patients.RESULTSIn this 553 patient cohort 51% were M− and 49% M+. The median TTP on ADT for the M− group was 33.2 months, versus 15.9 months in the M+ group (P < .0001). In multivariate analyses, lower biopsy Gleason score (GS), the absence of metastases, and lower serum PSA at ADT initiation all were associated with the efficacy of ADT. The association between GS and TTP was confined to M+ patients, whereas the association between PSA at ADT initiation and TTP was confined to M− patients. Use of ADT as part of local treatment was associated with a shortened TTP in both groups (hazard ratio [HR], 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.91).CONCLUSIONSIn this large, retrospective study of HSPC patients in a medical oncology practice treated with ADT for nonlocalized prostate cancer, we found factors predicting efficacy of this treatment differed based on whether metastases were present at ADT initiation. The use of ADT as a part of local therapy was associated with a significantly decreased TTP, regardless of metastatic disease status. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.