bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerium Dioxide as an Electron Buffer to Stabilize Iridium for Efficient Water Electrolysis
Authors: Dong Zhaoqi , Zhou Chenhui , Chen Weibin , Lin Fangxu , Luo Heng , Sun Zongqiang , Huang Qizheng , Zeng Ruijin , Tan Yingjun , Xiao Zehao , Huang Hengshuo , Wang Kai , Luo Mingchuan , Lv Fan , Guo Shaojun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSustaining the steady state for highly active non‐stoichiometric iridium (Ir)‐based oxide (IrOx) at low Ir loading remains challenging primarily due to the continuous oxidation and sequent dissolution of Ir active sites during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this context, a new iridium–cerium (Ce) substitution solid solution oxide (SSO) has been developed, featuring uniformly dispersed Ir atoms within Ce dioxide (CeO2) matrix as electron buffer, which delivers remarkable acidic OER catalytic activity and enhanced stability. The electron‐buffering capacity of CeO2 facilitates the charge transfer toward Ir atoms, leading to abundant active low‐valence Ir sites and effectively prevent their oxidation and dissolution. As a result, Ir─Ce SSO demonstrates an overpotential of merely 238 mV@10 mA cm−2. Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer employing Ir─Ce SSO at a low Ir loading of 396 µgIr cm−2 operates consistently for over 100 h@500 mA cm−2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations corroborate that the electron‐buffering effect of CeO2 enriches the density of IrIII and substantially increases the dissolution energy barrier of Ir atoms. This study presents a viable approach to addressing the issues of instability and low efficiency in Ir‐based OER electrocatalysts for acidic water electrolysis.
Noncentrosymmetric Triangular Magnet CaMnTeO6: Strong Quantum Fluctuations and Role of s0 versus s2 Electronic States in Competing Exchange Interactions
Authors: Huai Xudong , Acheampong Emmanuel , Delles Erich , Winiarski Michał J. , Sorolla Maurice , Nassar Lila , Liang Mingli , Ramette Caleb , Ji Huiwen , Scheie Allen , Calder Stuart , Mourigal Martin , Tran Thao T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNoncentrosymmetric triangular magnets offer a unique platform for realizing strong quantum fluctuations. However, designing these quantum materials remains an open challenge attributable to a knowledge gap in the tunability of competing exchange interactions at the atomic level. Here, a new noncentrosymmetric triangular S = 3/2 magnet CaMnTeO6 is created based on careful chemical and physical considerations. The model material displays competing magnetic interactions and features nonlinear optical responses with the capability of generating coherent photons. The incommensurate magnetic ground state of CaMnTeO6 with an unusually large spin rotation angle of 127°(1) indicates that the anisotropic interlayer exchange is strong and competing with the isotropic interlayer Heisenberg interaction. The moment of 1.39(1) µB, extracted from low‐temperature heat capacity and neutron diffraction measurements, is only 46% of the expected value of the static moment 3 µB. This reduction indicates the presence of strong quantum fluctuations in the half‐integer spin S = 3/2 CaMnTeO6 magnet, which is rare. By comparing the spin‐polarized band structure, chemical bonding, and physical properties of AMnTeO6 (A = Ca, Sr, Pb), how quantum‐chemical interpretation can illuminate insights into the fundamentals of magnetic exchange interactions, providing a powerful tool for modulating spin dynamics with atomically precise control is demonstrated.
Zinc Imidazole Framework‐8 Nanoparticles Disperse MRSA Biofilm by Inhibiting Arginine Biosynthesis and Down‐Regulating Adhesion‐Related Proteins
Authors: Tian Xinyuan , Liu Bo , Wu Haiyan , Cai Runqiu , Yang Yifei , Zhou Chaoyu , Zhao Zhongling , Bai Qianyu , Wang Yeru , Liu Tianlong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNanomaterials, including ZIF‐8 nanoparticles (NPs), are shown to be effective antimicrobial agents against Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). However, the antibiofilm properties and mechanisms of ZIF‐8 NPs remain uncertain. In this study, ZIF‐8 NPs are prepared using the room temperature solution reaction method and characterized. Biofilm formation inhibition test and biofilm eradication test are performed and the results show that ZIF‐8 NPs can inhibit the formation of MRSA biofilm as well as disperse established MRSA biofilm. Proteomics and real‐time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are conducted to prove that ZIF‐8 NPs reduce the expression of adhesion‐related proteins, namely the fibronectin‐binding proteins A and B (fnbA/fnbB), fibrinogen binding protein caking factors A and B (clfA/clfB), elastin binding protein (ebps), and fibrin binding protein (eno). ZIF‐8 NPs also inhibit the arginine biosynthesis pathway by affecting the activities of argininosuccinate lyase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, Glutamate dehydrogenase, carbamate kinase, and arginine deiminase. A conclusion can be drawn from the above results that ZIF‐8 NPs can inhibit bacterial adhesion and kill bacteria directly, ultimately destroying MRSA biofilm. This study provides a molecular basis for the treatment of MRSA biofilm with ZIF‐8 NPs.
Suicidal ideation, perception of personal safety, and career regret among emergency medicine residents during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Akhavan Arvin R. , Zhan Tiannan , Lall Michelle D. , Barton Melissa A. , Reisdorff Earl J. , Hu Yue‐Yung , Bilimoria Karl Y. , Lu Dave W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic was disruptive for trainees and may have affected career decisions for some learners. This study examined the impact of the pandemic on emergency medicine (EM) resident perceptions of their mental health, perceptions of personal safety, and career choice regret.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey study administered following the 2021 American Board of Emergency Medicine In‐Training Examination (ITE). Survey measures included suicidal ideation (SI), COVID concerns in terms of infection prevention and control (IPC) training, COVID risk to self and/or COVID risk to family, and COVID‐related career regret. COVID concerns were compared by gender and race/ethnicity using Pearson's chi‐square tests. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test the association between SI and COVID concerns, resident characteristics, and program characteristics.ResultsA total of 6980 out of 8491 EM residents (82.2%) from 244 programs completed the survey. Only 1.1% of participants reported insufficient training in COVID IPC practices. Participants were concerned about COVID risk to themselves (40.3%) and to their families (63.3%) due to their job roles. These concerns were more common among women or nonbinary (vs. men); all other races/ethnicities (vs. non‐Hispanic Whites); senior residents (vs. PGY‐1, PGY‐2 residents); and residents who were married or in relationships (vs. single or divorced). A total of 6.1% of participants reported that COVID made them reconsider choosing EM as their career. Career regret in this cohort was higher than that in the proportion (3.2%) expressing career regret in the 2020 ITE (p < 0.001). Career regret was more common among women or nonbinary (vs. men); all other races/ethnicities (vs. non‐Hispanic Whites); and senior residents (vs. PGY‐1, PGY‐2 residents). The overall SI rate was 2.6%, which did not differ from that of the 2020 sample of EM residents (2.5%, p = 0.88).ConclusionsMany EM residents reported concerns about COVID risks to themselves and their families. Although the rate of SI remained unchanged, more EM residents reported career regret during the COVID pandemic.
A novel online training program for sexual and gender minority health increases allyship in cisgender, heterosexual paramedics
Authors: Kruse Michael I. , Bigham Blair L. , Phillips Susan P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionSexual and gender minorities (SGM) make up 4% of the Canadian population. Due to existing barriers to care in the community, SGM patients may seek more help and be sicker at presentation to hospital. Paramedics occupy a unique role and can remove or decrease these barriers. There are no existing evaluations of training programs in SGM health for prehospital providers. A training program to develop better allyship in paramedics toward SGM populations was developed and assessed.MethodsA 70‐ to 90‐min mandatory, asynchronous, online training module in SGM health in the prehospital environment was developed and delivered via the emergency medical service (EMS) system's learning management system. A before‐and‐after study of cisgender, heterosexual, frontline paramedics was performed to measure the impact of the training module on the care of SGM patients. The validated Ally Identity Measure (AIM) tool was used to identify success of training and includes subscales of knowledge and skills, openness and support, and oppression awareness. Demographics and satisfaction scores were collected in the posttraining survey. Matched and unmatched pairs of surveys and demographic associations were analyzed using nonparametric statistics.ResultsOf 609 paramedics, 571 completed the training, and 239 surveys were completed before and 105 (n = 344) surveys after the training; 60 surveys were paired. Overall AIM scores of matched pairs (n = 60) improved by 12% (p < 0.001), with knowledge and skills accounting for most of the increase (21%, p < 0.001). Unmatched pairs (n = 344) were similar in demographics and scores. Rural paramedics also had significantly lower pretraining oppression awareness scores and had lower posttraining AIM scores compared to suburban paramedics (6% difference). Satisfaction scores rated the training as relevant and applicable (87% and 82%, respectively).ConclusionsA novel prehospital training program in the care of SGM patients resulted in a statistically significant increase in allyship in cisgender, heterosexual‐identified frontline paramedics.
Perspectives on the ongoing impact of compulsory income management in the Northern Territory
Authors: Roche Steven , Taylor‐Zach Natalie , Taylor Robert , Mendes Philip 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSince 2007, income support recipients in the Northern Territory (NT) have been subjected to compulsory income management (CIM), a form of welfare conditionality which continues, despite the withdrawal of CIM from other locations in Australia and research that identifies negligible benefits. Implemented with the goal of improving social well‐being and health outcomes, CIM quarantines a proportion of income support payments which cannot be used to purchase alcohol, gambling, pornography and in some cases tobacco, to direct payments to priority needs of recipients and encourage socially responsible behaviour. This article presents the perspectives of welfare sector stakeholders in the NT on the ongoing impact of CIM on income support recipients and their communities. It draws on semi‐structured interviews with 26 participants with expertise across non‐government service delivery, government, legal and advocacy sectors. The findings detail that CIM is considered ineffective in reducing social harms such as substance misuse, can contribute to situations of family violence, and exacerbates challenges for recipients living in regional and remote areas. It also highlights the poor compatibility of community income management in regional and remote contexts, its top‐down design, and views that CIM is a form of social control and disempowerment.
The complementary impacts of nurse home visiting and quality childcare for children experiencing adversity
Authors: Nguyen Huu Nghia Joey , Mensah Fiona , Goldfeld Sharon , Mainzer Rheanna , Price Anna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAustralian Governments are increasingly understanding the impacts of early adversity, evidenced by ongoing policy and investment in two of the most widely implemented early interventions: nurse home visiting (NHV) and early childhood education and care (ECEC). Neither intervention fully redresses the developmental inequities engendered by early adversity, yet their synergistic impacts (“dynamic complementarity”) are unknown. In this research, we aimed to (1) inform evaluation of policy implementation by (2) experimentally testing the dynamic complementarity of NHV and ECEC. We capitalised on an opportunity afforded by the Australian “right@home” randomised trial, which involved 722 pregnant women experiencing adversity, randomised to receive NHV or usual care to child age 2 years. Detailed data describing family‐accessed ECEC were collected from parents at 3–4 years, and “quality ECEC” was categorised according to meeting quality recommendations defined by Australian policy and provision. Children's developmental outcomes (language, executive functioning, behaviour and well‐being) were parent‐reported or assessed directly at 4 years. At 4 years, 33 per cent of families had received neither intervention; 40 per cent NHV only; 14 per cent quality ECEC only; and 13 per cent had received both. We used linear regression to estimate differences in mean outcomes between exposure groups, including interaction between NHV and ECEC. Unadjusted analyses indicated modest effects of the combination of NHV and ECEC, which attenuated after adjustment for socioeconomic confounders. We present the design and preliminary findings as an approach that could be used to evaluate equitable implementation at scale and enable policymakers to determine the most effective evidence‐based policy.
Hypoxia in the pulmonary vein increases pulmonary vascular resistance independently of oxygen in the pulmonary artery
Authors: Magnusdottir Sigridur Olga , Simonsen Carsten , Karbing Dan Stieper , Rasmussen Bodil Steen , Kjaergaard Benedict 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionHypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) can be a challenging clinical problem. It is not fully elucidated where in the circulation the regulation of resistance takes place. It is often referred to as if it is in the arteries, but we hypothesized that it is in the venous side of the pulmonary circulation.MethodsIn an open thorax model, pigs were treated with a veno‐venous extra corporeal membrane oxygenator to either oxygenate or deoxygenate blood passing through the pulmonary vessels. At the same time the lungs were ventilated with extreme variations of inspired air from 5% to 100% oxygen, making it possible to make combinations of high and low oxygen content through the pulmonary circulation. A flow probe was inserted around the main pulmonary artery and catheters in the pulmonary artery and in the left atrium were used for pressure monitoring and blood tests. Under different combinations of oxygenation, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was calculated.ResultsWith unchanged level of oxygen in the pulmonary artery and reduced inspired oxygen fraction lowering oxygen tension from 29 to 6.7 kPa in the pulmonary vein, PVR was doubled. With more extreme hypoxia PVR suddenly decreased. Combinations with low oxygenation in the pulmonary artery did not systematic influence PVR if there was enough oxygen in the inspired air and in the pulmonary veins.DiscussionThe impact of hypoxia occurs from the alveolar level and forward with the blood flow. The experiments indicated that the regulation of PVR is mediated from the venous side.
Effect of angular variation and in vitro degradation on mechanical properties of PBAT 3D scaffolds
Authors: de Barros Rodrigo Rodrigues , de Souza Balbinot Gabriela , Vassoler Jakson Manfredini , Soares Rosane Michele Duarte 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe customization of polymeric prototypes is available to meet the specific needs of individual patients, considering tissue location and patient‐specific characteristics. Poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) has shown great promise among various polymers in this scenario due to its biodegradability and processability properties. However, the effect of geometry changes on the mechanical properties of PBAT 3D scaffolds and their mechanical stability after in vitro degradation are crucial to determining the final application. This study focuses on the structural, morphological, and mechanical characterization of PBAT prototypes with different architectures and evaluating their mechanical properties before and after in vitro degradation. Three‐dimensional structures were 3D printed with rectilinear deposition angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°. Mechanical tests revealed that the prototype architecture influenced the stiffness, elongation, and maximum tension, where a greater resistance was observed for filaments containing the lowest angles. The thermal stability of PBAT remained unaffected either by reprocessing or hydrolytic degradation; however, in vitro degradation affected the mechanical behavior by increasing the stiffness and decreasing the elongation of the scaffold. Biological assays have demonstrated the nontoxic nature of PBAT and its potential to promote cell viability at a rate of 95%. These findings underscore the possibility of optimizing the PBAT design and structure to tune the mechanical properties and contribute to advancing tissue engineering strategies.
Spectrum–effect relationship between ultra‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprints and melanogenic effect of Vernonia anthelmintica effective part
Authors: Ma Xiaoling , Turak Ablajan , Abdulla Rahima , Maiwulanjiang Maitinuer , Ma Qingling , Wu Tao , Aisa Haji Akber 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe fingerprint of Vernonia anthelmintica effective part (VAEP) from 15 different producing areas was established, followed by cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The relationship between the fingerprint and the melanogenesis‐promoting activity of VAEP was then analyzed using the grey correlation degree and the orthogonal partial least square method. The characteristic peaks reflecting the pharmacodynamic effect of VAEP were identified as vernodalin, 3,5‐O‐dicaffeoyl quinic acid (3,5‐diCQA), and butin. Based on the distribution characteristics of these components in plants from different habitats and the verification of results from the spectrum–effect relationship, vernodalin and 3,5‐diCQA can be used as characteristic components for quality control and pharmacodynamic assessment of V. anthelmintica products. This research establishes a theoretical foundation for planting areas and provides a scientific evaluation of the melanogenesis‐promoting effect of V. anthelmintica.
Tandem Electrochemical Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Amines Towards Carbazoles and Phenazine‐based Aza‐helicenes
Authors: Yan Boning , Lei Ming , Tang Zefeng , Liao Hengyi , Xu Kang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExperimental and theoretical study of the regioselectivity and mechanism of polycyclic aromatic amine (PAA) electrochemical oxidation is important for designing nitrogen doped large π‐conjugated functional molecules. Herein, we used binary‐, ternary‐, and quaternary‐fused PAAs as electro‐oxidative reaction substrates to investigate the yield changes of carbazole and phenazine based aza‐helicene other than oligomers, which were obtained through pyrrole and pyrazine annulation pathways. Combined with the restrained electrostatic potential (RESP) and steric hindrance factor analysis of the substrate, the electron spin density distribution of free radical resonance hybrid and the spin population analysis of the atoms in the structure of each free radical tautomer indicate that the degree of delocalized dispersion of N free radical and the resulting change in the spin density distribution of C free radical tautomers determine the reaction regioselectivity. The potential charge of the K‐region, Bay‐region, and L‐region adjacent to the C(α)−C(β1) bond is higher than that of other regions within the molecule, and the charge in these high RESP regions tends to delocalize more strongly toward electron‐deficient N free radicals. Thus, the activity of N−C(α)−C(β1) region is increased, which supports the proposed free radical addition and free radical coupling mechanism for the electro‐oxidative reaction of PAA.
Left atrial appendage occlusion: On the need of a numerical model to simulate the implant procedure
Authors: Danielli Francesca , Berti Francesca , Fanni Benigno Marco , Gasparotti Emanuele , Celi Simona , Pennati Giancarlo , Petrini Lorenza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLeft atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is a percutaneous procedure to prevent thromboembolism in patients affected by atrial fibrillation. Despite its demonstrated efficacy, the LAA morphological complexity hinders the procedure, resulting in postprocedural drawbacks (device‐related thrombus and peri‐device leakage). Local anatomical features may cause difficulties in the device's positioning and affect the effectiveness of the device's implant. The current work proposes a detailed FE model of the LAAO useful to investigate implant scenarios and derive clinical indications. A high‐fidelity model of the Watchman FLX device and simplified parametric conduits mimicking the zone of the LAA where the device is deployed were developed. Device‐conduit interactions were evaluated by looking at clinical indicators such as device‐wall gap, possible cause of leakage, and device protrusion. As expected, the positioning of the crimped device before the deployment was found to significantly affect the implant outcomes: clinician's choices can be improved if FE models are used to optimize the pre‐operative planning. Remarkably, also the wall mechanical stiffness plays an important role. However, this parameter value is unknown for a specific LAA, a crucial point that must be correctly defined for developing an accurate FE model. Finally, numerical simulations outlined how the device's configuration on which the clinician relies to assess the implant success (i.e., the deployed configuration with the device still attached to the catheter) may differ from the actual final device's configuration, relevant for achieving a safe intervention.
Color blindness and semantic knowledge: Cognition of color terms from elicited lists in dichromats and normal observers
Authors: Moreira Humberto , Álvaro Leticia , Lillo Julio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractColor blindness (color vision deficiency) affects ~8% of males and ~ 0.4% females worldwide. Here we use the elicited lists method to investigate their semantic knowledge regarding “basic color terms” and their relationships. Lists were obtained from color vision deficient and normal observers. 32 dichromats (15 protanopes, 17 deuteranopes) and 32 normal trichromats (17 females, 15 males) diagnosed by a battery of color tests (Ishihara, City University Test, anomaloscope) wrote monolexemic lists of colors. Psychological salience of terms (ln(CSI)), adjacency between pairs of terms (ADJ; MDS) and the presence of clusters of terms defined on the basis of the Universals and evolution hypothesis were analyzed. All four groups of participants showed the same semantic memory structure: lists started with the cardinal primaries cluster (blue, red, yellow, green), followed by the achromatic primaries cluster (black and white), or the derived cluster (brown, orange, violet, pink, purple, and gray). After the clusters (cardinals, achromatics, and derived), a highly variable number of non‐basic terms appeared. This number was higher in normal trichromats. Non‐basic terms were not part of any cognitive cluster. The similarity in the lists of trichromats and dichromats suggest that both may acquire similar semantic knowledge about color terms. Several potential explanations are considered.