bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of
Listeria
spp. by Competitive-Exclusion Bacteria in Floor Drains of a Poultry Processing Plant
Authors: Zhao Tong , Podtburg Teresa C. , Zhao Ping , Schmidt Bruce E. , Baker David A. , Cords Bruce , Doyle Michael P. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

In previous studies workers determined that two lactic acid bacterium isolates,
Lactococcus lactis
subsp.
lactis
C-1-92 and
Enterococcus durans
152 (competitive-exclusion bacteria [CE]), which were originally obtained from biofilms in floor drains, are bactericidal to
Listeria monocytogenes
or inhibit the growth of
L. monocytogenes
both in vitro and in biofilms at 4 to 37°C. We evaluated the efficacy of these isolates for reducing
Listeria
spp. contamination of floor drains of a plant in which fresh poultry is processed. Baseline assays revealed that the mean numbers of
Listeria
sp. cells in floor drains sampled on six different dates (at approximately biweekly intervals) were 7.5 log
10
CFU/100 cm
2
for drain 8, 4.9 log
10
CFU/100 cm
2
for drain 3, 4.4 log
10
CFU/100 cm
2
for drain 2, 4.1 log
10
CFU/100 cm
2
for drain 4, 3.7 log
10
CFU/100 cm
2
for drain 1, and 3.6 log
10
CFU/100 cm
2
for drain 6. The drains were then treated with 10
7
CE/ml in an enzyme-foam-based cleaning agent four times in 1 week and twice a week for the following 3 weeks. In samples collected 1 week after CE treatments were applied
Listeria
sp. cells were not detectable (samples were negative as determined by selective enrichment culture) for drains 4 and 6 (reductions of 4.1 and 3.6 log
10
CFU/100 cm
2
, respectively), and the mean numbers of
Listeria
sp. cells were 3.7 log
10
CFU/100 cm
2
for drain 8 (a reduction of 3.8 log
10
CFU/100 cm
2
), <1.7 log
10
CFU/100 cm
2
for drain 1 (detectable only by selective enrichment culture; a reduction of 3.3 log
10
CFU/100 cm
2
), and 2.6 log
10
CFU/100 cm
2
for drain 3 (a reduction of 2.3 log
10
CFU/100 cm
2
). However, the aerobic plate counts for samples collected from floor drains before, during, and after CE treatment remained approximately the same. The results indicate that application of the two CE can greatly reduce the number of
Listeria
sp. cells in floor drains at 3 to 26°C in a facility in which fresh poultry is processed.
Generation of High-Affinity Chicken Single-Chain Fv Antibody Fragments for Measurement of thePseudonitzschia pungensToxin Domoic Acid
Authors: Finlay William J. J. , Shaw Iain , Reilly Joanna P. , Kane Marian 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTAntibody-based assay systems are now accepted by regulatory authorities for detection of the toxins produced by phytoplankton that accumulate in shellfish tissues. However, the generation of suitable antibodies for sensitive assay development remains a major challenge. We have examined the potential of using the chicken immune system to generate high-affinity, high-specificity recombinant antibody fragments against phytotoxins. Following immunization of the chicken with domoic acid-bovine serum albumin, a single-chain antibody variable region (scFv) gene library was generated from single VHand VLgenes isolated from the immune cells in the spleen and bone marrow. scFvs reacting with domoic acid were isolated by phage display and affinity matured by light chain shuffling, resulting in an approximate 10-fold increase in sensitivity. The isolated scFvs were effectively expressed inEscherichia coliand readily purified by affinity chromatography. They were then used to develop a convenient and sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for domoic acid, with a 50% effective dose of 156 ng/ml, which could be used reliably with shellfish extracts. This study demonstrates that chickens provide a valuable model system for the simplified, rapid generation of high-affinity recombinant antibody fragments with specificity for small toxin molecules.
Diversity, Composition, and Geographical Distribution of Microbial Communities in California Salt Marsh Sediments
Authors: Córdova-Kreylos Ana Lucía , Cao Yiping , Green Peter G. , Hwang Hyun-Min , Kuivila Kathryn M. , LaMontagne Michael G. , Van De Werfhorst Laurie C. , Holden Patricia A. , Scow Kate M. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT
The Pacific Estuarine Ecosystem Indicators Research Consortium seeks to develop bioindicators of toxicant-induced stress and bioavailability for wetland biota. Within this framework, the effects of environmental and pollutant variables on microbial communities were studied at different spatial scales over a 2-year period. Six salt marshes along the California coastline were characterized using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis. Additionally, 27 metals, six currently used pesticides, total polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlordanes, nonachlors, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene were analyzed. Sampling was performed over large (between salt marshes), medium (stations within a marsh), and small (different channel depths) spatial scales. Regression and ordination analysis suggested that the spatial variation in microbial communities exceeded the variation attributable to pollutants. PLFA analysis and TRFLP canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) explained 74 and 43% of the variation, respectively, and both methods attributed 34% of the variation to tidal cycles, marsh, year, and latitude. After accounting for spatial variation using partial CCA, we found that metals had a greater effect on microbial community composition than organic pollutants had. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were positively correlated with PLFA biomass, whereas total metal concentrations were positively correlated with biomass and diversity. Higher concentrations of heavy metals were negatively correlated with branched PLFAs and positively correlated with methyl- and cyclo-substituted PLFAs. The strong relationships observed between pollutant concentrations and some of the microbial indicators indicated the potential for using microbial community analyses in assessments of the ecosystem health of salt marshes.
Effects of Various Growth Conditions in a Chemostat on Expression of Virulence Factors inPorphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Masuda Takashi , Murakami Yukitaka , Noguchi Toshihide , Yoshimura Fuminobu 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTPorphyromonas gingivalis, one of the gram-negative organisms associated with periodontal disease, possesses potential virulence factors, including fimbriae, proteases, and major outer membrane proteins (OMPs). In this study,P. gingivalisATCC 33277 was cultured in a chemostat under hemin excess and presumably peptide-limiting conditions to better understand the mechanisms of expression of the virulence factors upon environmental changes. At higher growth rates, the amounts of FimA and the 75-kDa protein, forming long and short fimbriae, respectively, increased significantly, whereas gingipains decreased in amount and activity. In a nutrient-limited medium, lesser amounts of the above two fimbrial proteins were observed, whereas clear differences were not found in the amounts of gingipains. In addition, two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed that proteins in cells were generally fewer in number during nutrient-limited growth. Under aeration, a considerable reduction in gingipain activity was found, whereas several proteins associated with intact cells significantly increased. However, the expression of major OMPs, such as RagA, RagB, and the OmpA-like proteins, was almost constant under all conditions tested. These results suggest thatP. gingivalismay actively control expression of several virulence factors to survive in the widely fluctuating oral environment.
Survival Strategy of
Erwinia amylovora
against Copper: Induction of the Viable-but-Nonculturable State
Authors: Ordax Mónica , Marco-Noales Ester , López María M. , Biosca Elena G. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Copper compounds, widely used to control plant-pathogenic bacteria, have traditionally been employed against fire blight, caused by
Erwinia amylovora
. However, recent studies have shown that some phytopathogenic bacteria enter into the viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state in the presence of copper. To determine whether copper kills
E. amylovora
or induces the VBNC state, a mineral medium without copper or supplemented with 0.005, 0.01, or 0.05 mM Cu
2+
was inoculated with 10
7
CFU/ml of this bacterium and monitored over 9 months. Total and viable cell counts were determined by epifluorescence microscopy using the LIVE/DEAD kit and by flow cytometry with 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride and SYTO 13. Culturable cells were counted on King's B nonselective solid medium. Changes in the bacterial morphology in the presence of copper were observed by scanning electron microscopy.
E. amylovora
entered into the VBNC state at all three copper concentrations assayed, much faster when the copper concentration increased. The addition of different agents which complex copper allowed the resuscitation (restoration of culturability) of copper-induced VBNC cells. Finally, copper-induced VBNC cells were virulent only for the first 5 days, while resuscitated cells always regained their pathogenicity on immature fruits over 9 months. These results have shown, for the first time, the induction of the VBNC state in
E. amylovora
as a survival strategy against copper.
Influence of Sporulation Medium Composition on Transcription of
ger
Operons and the Germination Response of Spores of
Bacillus cereus
ATCC 14579
Authors: Hornstra Luc M. , de Vries Ynte P. , de Vos Willem M. , Abee Tjakko 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Bacillus cereus
ATCC 14579 endospores were produced in Y1 medium, a nutrient-rich, chemically defined sporulation medium, and in modified G medium, containing low amounts of nutrients. The average transcription level of the seven
ger
operons per cell was 3.5 times higher in Y1 medium, and the spores grown in this medium showed an enhanced germination response.
Novel Thermophilic Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria from a Geothermally Active Underground Mine in Japan
Authors: Kaksonen Anna H. , Plumb Jason J. , Robertson Wendy J. , Spring Stefan , Schumann Peter , Franzmann Peter D. , Puhakka Jaakko A. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTThermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria were enriched from samples obtained from a geothermal underground mine in Japan. The enrichment cultures contained bacteria affiliated with the generaDesulfotomaculum,Thermanaeromonas,Thermincola,Thermovenabulum,Moorella, “Natronoanaerobium,” andClostridium. Two novel thermophilic sulfate-reducing strains, RL50JIII and RL80JIV, affiliated with the generaDesulfotomaculumandThermanaeromonas, respectively, were isolated.
Comparison of Cultures from Rectoanal-Junction Mucosal Swabs and Feces for Detection of
Escherichia coli
O157 in Dairy Heifers
Authors: Davis Margaret A. , Rice Daniel H. , Sheng Haiqing , Hancock Dale D. , Besser Thomas E. , Cobbold Rowland , Hovde Carolyn J. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Fecal culture for
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 was compared to rectoanal mucosal swab (RAMS) culture in dairy heifers over a 1-year period. RAMS enrichment culture was as sensitive as fecal culture using immunomagnetic separation (IMS) (
P
= 0.98, as determined by a chi-square test). RAMS culture is less costly than fecal IMS culture and can yield quantitative data.
Comparison of DNA Fingerprinting Methods for Use in Investigation of Type E Botulism Outbreaks in the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Leclair Daniel , Pagotto Franco , Farber Jeffrey M. , Cadieux Brigitte , Austin John W. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, and automated ribotyping were compared for epidemiological typing of
Clostridium botulinum
type E using clinical and food isolates associated with four botulism outbreaks occurring in the Canadian Arctic. All type E strains previously untypeable by PFGE, even with the use of a formaldehyde fixation step, could be typed by the addition of 50 μM thiourea to the electrophoresis running buffer. Digestion with SmaI or XhoI followed by PFGE was used to link food and clinical isolates from four different type E botulism outbreaks and differentiate them from among 39 group II strains. Strain differentiation was unsuccessful with the automated ribotyping system, producing a single characteristic EcoRI fingerprint common to all group II strains. RAPD analysis of
C. botulinum
group II strains was not consistently reproducible with primer OPJ-6 or OPJ-13, apparently discriminating between epidemiologically related strains. A modified PFGE protocol was judged to be the most useful method for typing epidemiologically related
C. botulinum
type E strains, based on its ability to type all strains reproducibly and with an adequate level of discrimination.
Rapid Differentiation between Members of the Anginosus Group and
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
subsp.
equisimilis
within Beta-Hemolytic Group C and G Streptococci by PCR
Authors: Liu Liang-Chun , Tsai Jui-Chang , Hsueh Po-Ren , Teng Lee-Jene 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Based on a pair of primers developed initially for differentiating the anginosus group from other viridans streptococci, the PCR reported here can also differentiate between members of the anginosus group and
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
subsp.
equisimilis
among beta-hemolytic group C and G streptococci. The resulting 742-bp PCR product was specific for members of the anginosus group, although a smaller, nonspecific product (361 bp) was generated from
S. dysgalactiae
subsp.
equisimilis
. Restriction digestion of the amplicon with XbaI and BsmI further differentiated
Streptococcus anginosus
from
Streptococcus constellatu
s within the anginosus group.
Polymorphism of the Cell Wall-Anchoring Domain of the Autolysin-Adhesin AtlE and Its Relationship to Sequence Type, as Revealed by Multilocus Sequence Typing of Invasive and Commensal
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Strains
Authors: Sivadon V. , Rottman M. , Quincampoix J.-C. , Prunier E. , de Mazancourt P. , Bernard L. , Lortat-Jacob A. , Piriou P. , Judet T. , Gaillard J.-L. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

We sequenced the adhesin-cell wall-anchoring domain of the
atlE
gene of 49 invasive and commensal
Staphylococcus epidermidis
strains. We identified 22 alleles, which could be separated into two main groups: group 1 (alleles 1 and 6 to 16, 32/49 strains) and group 2 (alleles 2 to 5 and 17 to 22, 17/49 strains). Allele 1 (the type strain sequence) was by far the most prevalent (21 of 49 strains). Multilocus sequence typing showed a clear relationship between the
atlE
allele and the sequence type (ST), with the “nosocomial” ST27 clone and closely related STs expressing group 1 alleles.
Polymorphisms in the Genes Encoding Chemokine Receptor 5, Interleukin-10, and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 Contribute to Cytomegalovirus Reactivation and Disease after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Loeffler Juergen , Steffens Michael , Arlt Eva-Maria , Toliat Mohammad-Reza , Mezger Markus , Suk Anita , Wienker Thomas F. , Hebart Holger , Nürnberg Peter , Boeckh Michael , Ljungman Per , Trenschel Rudolf , Einsele Hermann 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT
We analyzed 90 polymorphisms in 17 genes related to immune function for association with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) reactivation and disease in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We found relevant markers (i) in CCR5 and IL-10 genes conferring a higher risk for the development of HCMV disease and (ii) in the MCP1 gene associated with HCMV reactivation. Testing of high-risk patients for the presence of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms might be useful for individualizing antiviral prophylaxis.
Evaluation of the Q Score and Q234 Systems for Cost-Effective and Clinically Relevant Interpretation of Wound Cultures
Authors: Matkoski Carol , Sharp Susan E. , Kiska Deanna L. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT
The Q score and Q234 systems were compared to our current protocol for interpreting wound cultures. The Q score and Q234 systems were more cost effective than our current method, with the Q234 system being considered the most useful protocol for implementation by both the laboratory and our clinicians.
Biological Characteristics in Bladder Cancer Depend on the Type of Genetic Instability
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshiaki , Matsuyama Hideyasu , Kawauchi Shigeto , Furuya Tomoko , Liu Xiu Ping , Ikemoto Kenzo , Oga Atsunori , Naito Katsusuke , Sasaki Kohsuke 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Malignant tumors show an inherent genetic instability that can be classified as microsatellite instability (MSI) or chromosomal instability (CIN). To elucidate the differences in biological characteristics of bladder cancer between the two types of genetic instability, the expression of the mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, Aurora-A and p53 proteins, the number of centrosomes, numerical aberrations of chromosomes and 20q13, and DNA ploidy were examined in 100 human urothelial carcinomas of the bladder.
Experimental Design: Expressions of the MLH1, MSH2, Aurora-A, and p53 proteins and the numbers of centrosomes were immunohistochemically assessed. Numerical aberrations of chromosomes 7, 9, 17, and 20q13 spots were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and DNA ploidy was assessed by laser scanning cytometry.
Results: The expression levels of the MMR related-proteins decreased in 9 of 100 tumors. Tumors with low MLH1 or MSH2 expression (designated as MSI cancers) were not linked with centrosome amplification, Aurora-A overexpression, increased p53 immunoreactivity, 20q13 gain, DNA aneuploidy, and disease progression. MSI cancers showed a favorable prognosis. CIN cancers (49 cases), defined as tumors with a large intercellular variation in centromere copy numbers, were associated more frequently with centrosome amplification, Aurora-A overexpression, increased p53 immunoreactivity, and 20q13 gain than the others (51 cases). Tumors with disease progression were included in the CIN cancer group.
Conclusions: The present observations suggest that there are differences in the biological characteristics of the two types of genetic instability.
Expression and Nuclear Localization of ErbB3 in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Koumakpayi Ismaël Hervé , Diallo Jean-Simon , Le Page Cécile , Lessard Laurent , Gleave Martin , Bégin Louis R. , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie , Saad Fred 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPurpose: The ErbB1 and ErbB2 receptors have been implicated in prostate cancer progression, but less is known about the role and biology of other ErbB receptor family members in prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression and localization of ErbB3 in prostate tissues and prostate cancer cell lines.Experimental Design: Immunohistochemistry of ErbB3 was done on prostate cancer tissue sections from 143 patients and on a tissue microarray containing 390 cores of radical prostatectomy-derived specimens representing normal, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and malignant tissues from 81 patients. ErbB3 subcellular localization was studied by Western blot analysis in LNCaP, 22Rv1, PC-3, and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines.Results: Immunohistochemistry analysis of prostate cancer tissues revealed that &gt;90% of prostate cancer tissues displayed cytoplasmic ErbB3 staining. Minimal ErbB3 nuclear staining was observed in normal prostate tissues and benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues; in contrast, ErbB3 was frequently localized in the nucleus of cancerous tissues. This nuclear localization was more frequent (P &lt; 0.001) in hormone-refractory tissues (17 of 17, 100%) compared with hormone-sensitive samples (37 of 92, 40.2%). Additionally, in the tissue microarray, increased nuclear ErbB3 was associated with increasing Gleason grade. Interestingly, Western blot analysis of cytoplasmic and nuclear subcellular fractions showed that ErbB3 nuclear localization was more prevalent in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and 22Rv1) compared with hormone-insensitive cell lines (PC-3 and DU145).Conclusions: ErbB3 nuclear localization discriminates normal from malignant prostate tissues and between tumors from hormone-sensitive versus hormone-refractory prostate cancer. ErbB3 nuclear staining seems to be associated with risk of disease progression. The high frequency of ErbB3 nuclear localization in hormone-refractory tissues indicates that ErbB3 warrants further study to understand its association with prostate cancer disease progression.
Mechanisms and Effects of Loss of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Expression in Immune-Privileged Site-Associated B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Booman Marije , Douwes Jenny , Glas Annuska M. , Riemersma Sietske A. , Jordanova Ekaterina S. , Kok Klaas , Rosenwald Andreas , de Jong Daphne , Schuuring Ed , Kluin Philip M. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Purpose and Experimental Design: Loss of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression on tumor cells is frequent in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) arising in immune-privileged sites, such as the testis and central nervous system, and is associated with small homozygous deletions of HLA-DQ/HLA-DR and larger hemizygous deletions of the MHC region. To better understand the significance of down-regulation of HLA class II expression in relation to the homozygous and hemizygous deletions, we analyzed global gene expression patterns in a series of 26 testicular DLBCL after characterization of these deletions.
Results: Low levels of HLA-DR mRNA in whole testicular DLBCL samples were associated with a strong down-regulation of numerous immune-related genes specific for T cells, macrophages, antigen presentation and processing, lymphocyte activation, chemokines and chemokine receptors, and the complement system. The number of CD3+ tumor-infiltrating T cells was also significantly lower in low expressors of HLA-DR mRNA. Interestingly, hemizygous and homozygous deletions in the MHC region did not have any additional effect on global gene expression.
Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that loss of HLA class II mRNA expression in testicular DLBCL is associated with a significant change in global gene expression patterns. This effect is independent of the mechanism causing the down-regulation of HLA class II genes in the lymphoma cells.