bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of probiotic supplementation on intestinal flora, brain–gut peptides and clinical outcomes in children with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Lu Xiaoyan , Liu Yali , Hao Longxia , Li Junqiong , Hua Linjuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aims to assess the therapeutic effects of probiotic oral therapy in paediatric patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and to investigate its impact on intestinal flora composition, brain–gut peptide levels and overall clinical outcomes. A retrospective study was conducted involving 100 children diagnosed with AN at Xingtang County People’s Hospital between January 2023 and June 2024. Patients were divided into two groups: a control group (n 50) receiving zinc gluconate oral solution alone and an observation group (n 50) receiving zinc gluconate plus probiotics. Outcome measures included intestinal flora analysis, brain–gut peptide levels (somatostatin (SS) and nitric oxide (NO)), clinical efficacy, serum trace element levels (Ca, Zn and Fe) and prognosis, including recurrence rates 6 months post-treatment. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups (P > 0·05). After treatment, the observation group showed significantly higher levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and lower levels of Enterobacter compared with the control group (P < 0·05). Additionally, the observation group had lower levels of SS and NO (P < 0·05), indicating improved brain–gut communication. Clinical efficacy was significantly higher in the observation group (P < 0·05), with improved serum trace element levels (P < 0·05 for Ca, Zn and Fe). Furthermore, the recurrence rate 6 months post-treatment was significantly lower in the observation group compared with the control group (P < 0·05). Probiotic supplementation in children with AN effectively modulates intestinal flora, improves brain–gut peptide levels and enhances clinical outcomes.
Biomarkers of food intake: current status and future opportunities
Authors: Brennan Lorraine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The current review will examine the field of food intake biomarkers and the potential use of such biomarkers. Biomarkers of food intake have the potential to be objective measures of intake thus addressing some of the limitations associated with self-reported dietary assessment methods. They are typically food-derived biomarkers present in biological samples and distinct from endogenous metabolites. To date, metabolomic profiling has been successful in identifying several putative food intake biomarkers. With respect to food intake biomarkers, there has been a proliferation of publications in this field. However, caution is needed when interpreting these as food intake biomarkers. Many have not been validated thus hampering their use. While much of the focus to date is on discovery of food intake biomarkers there are excellent examples of how to utilise these biomarkers in nutrition research. Applications include but are not limited to: (1) measurement of adherence to diets in intervention studies (2) objectively predicting intake with no reliance on self-reported data and (3) calibrating self-reported data in large epidemiological studies. Examples of these applications will be covered in this review. While significant progress is achieved to date in the food intake biomarkers field there are a number of key challenges that remain. Examples include lack of databases focused on food-derived metabolites thus hindering the discovery of new biomarkers and the need for new statistical approaches to deal with multiple biomarkers for single foods. Addressing these and other key challenges will be key to development of future opportunities.
‘More Prussian than the Prussian’? Battlefield Prisoner Killing by British and Canadian Forces on the Western Front, 1914–1918
Authors: Kay Alex J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Many historians continue to regard the killing of prisoners and potential prisoners on the battlefield as having been an absolute exception during the Great War, something that was ‘episodic’ and happened only ‘in isolated cases’. One reason for this assessment might be the fact that the subject has rarely been examined empirically. This article is the first study directly to compare the actions of the British and the Canadians, the Empire’s two largest armies on the western front. Drawing on a wide range of primary source material, including, for the first time, unit war diaries and after-action reports, this article reveals that documentary evidence exists for scores of separate instances of prisoner killing by British and Canadian troops deployed against German forces between August 1914 and November 1918, with the number of dead ranging from individual enemy soldiers to several hundred victims at once. Examples are recorded of prisoner killing by enlisted men, NCOs and officers, acting either in groups or alone, and furthermore of officers at platoon, battalion, regimental and even corps level either encouraging prisoner killing or issuing explicit ‘take no prisoners’ orders. The level of acceptance that commanders showed for these practices, the openness with which soldiers discussed them in their letters home to mothers, sisters and wives, and the almost complete absence of any disciplinary action against the perpetrators indicate that – on some level – they were regarded as legitimate.
Analyzing lexical-semantic networks in Alzheimer’s disease patients: eye-tracking study
Authors: Arias-Trejo Natalia , Angulo-Chavira Armando Quetzalcóatl , González-González Martha M. , Minto-García Aline 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Adults have an interconnected lexicon in which two words are related because their referents belong to the same semantic category, because they occur in the same context, or both. This interconnection has been explored by means of the priming effect, in which people respond more rapidly to related than to unrelated words and benefit from the lexical boost when the two types of interconnections are combined. Although substantial research has reported on the memory problems of people diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it remains unknown whether they experience problems with related words at these levels of comprehension. This study analyzed the lexical networks of older adults with AD and typically aging (TA) adults to understand their semantic memory related to word associations. We tested combined taxonomic-thematic, purely taxonomic, and purely thematic relationships using an eye tracker to analyze fixations to a named target picture preceded by a related or unrelated prime word. Participants with TA showed a priming effect in all three types of relationships, but those with AD showed this effect only with purely thematic pairs. Words that share more than one level of relationship seem to create competition, revealing a deficit in the lexical networks of people with AD.
Design of robust fractional order fuzzy PID sliding mode controller based on hybrid swarm intelligence algorithm for a 6-DOF robotic manipulator
Authors: Karahan Oguzhan , Karci Hasan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, fractional-order (FO), intelligent, and robust sliding mode control (SMC) and stabilization of inherently nonlinear, multi-input, multi-output 6-DOF robot manipulators are investigated. To ensure robust control and better performance of the robot system, significant studies on various control transactions have been explored. First, a sliding proportional-integral-derivative (PID) surface is conceived and then its FO constitute is developed. It is an important fact that in SMC, the reaching phase is fast and the chattering is abated in the sliding phase. In particular, the discontinuity in the SMC is prevented in view of the boundary layer obtained by recommending the sigmoid function together with fuzzy logic to eliminate the chattering phenomenon. A hybrid tuning method consisting of gray wolf optimization and particle swarm optimization (GWO-PSO) algorithms is applied to tune the parameters of PID sliding mode control (PIDSMC), FO PIDSMC (FOPIDSMC), fuzzy PIDSMC (FPIDSMC), and FO fuzzy PIDSMC (FOFPIDSMC) controllers. In simulation results, the tuned FOFPIDSMC controller consistently outperforms PIDSMC, FOPIDSMC, and FPIDSMC controllers tuned by the GWO-PSO in dynamic performance, trajectory tracking, disturbance rejection, and mass uncertainty scenarios. It has been seen through a thorough performance analysis that 91.93% and 44.13% improvement are, respectively, obtained for mean absolute error (MAE) and torques root mean square (RMS) values of the joints when using from the PIDSMC to the FOFPIDSMC. Finally, the simulation outcomes reveal the superior aspects of the designed FOFPIDSMC and also demonstrate that the FOFPIDSMC controller enhances the dynamic performances of the 6-revolute universal robots 5 (6R UR5) robot manipulator under a variety of operating conditions.
America the Failure? Critical Narratives of the United States in Chinese State Media
Authors: Carothers Christopher , Freedman Joshua B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As relations between the United States and China have grown tenser, how has the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) portrayal of the United States changed? And what might portrayals of the United States tell us about domestic messaging in China? This study systematically investigates CCP messaging about the United States in the contemporary era. To do this, we hand code, categorize and analyse 1,761 editorials about the United States published between 2003 and 2022 in People's Daily, the Party's flagship newspaper. In addition to showing a sustained rise in critical portrayals since 2018, we identify and elaborate three distinct critical narratives about the United States: it is a dangerous hegemon abroad, it has poor values at home, and it is increasingly weak and in decline. These narratives appear both independently and in combination and are often framed to contrast with portrayals of China. We argue that these narratives are not just negative propaganda to discredit the United States but can also be a strategy to promote a positive vision of the CCP's virtues and governance at home. This study contributes empirically and theoretically to research on propaganda and legitimation in China.
Dientamoeba fragilis cases identified by molecular detection, Utah, United States, 2014–2024
Authors: Jones Anna , Couturier Marc Roger , Pavia Andrew T. , Leung Daniel T. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Dientamoeba fragilis (D. fragilis) is an intestinal protozoan parasite with uncertain pathogenic potential. In the United States, data on D. fragilis in the era of molecular detection are limited. The aim of this retrospective chart review was to evaluate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of D. fragilis cases identified using polymerase chain reaction assays between 2016 and 2024 at our academic medical centre located in Utah. We identified 28 unique cases with varying gastrointestinal symptomatology including diarrhoea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloating. Approximately half (52%) of patients with follow-up data demonstrated improvement in symptoms following initial treatment for D. fragilis. The overall prevalence of D. fragilis was low among those tested (0.6% positivity). Additional research, including case-control studies, is needed to better describe the etiologic role of D. fragilis.
Face enumeration for split matroid polytopes
Authors: Ferroni Luis , Schröter Benjamin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper initiates the explicit study of face numbers of matroid polytopes and their computation. We prove that, for the large class of split matroid polytopes, their face numbers depend solely on the number of cyclic flats of each rank and size, together with information on the modular pairs of cyclic flats. We provide a formula which allows us to calculate

$f$

-vectors without the need of taking convex hulls or computing face lattices. We discuss the particular cases of sparse paving matroids and rank two matroids, which are of independent interest due to their appearances in other combinatorial and geometric settings.
Human rights at sea: Analyzing states’ responses to cruise ships during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: CHEN Lixin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the treatment of cruise ships by coastal states was inconsistent, with some ships being allowed to dock while others were not. To that end, this Note focuses on the obligations that a coastal state owes to the individuals onboard the cruise ships in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the rights to life and health. It further considers whether and how such rights are to be balanced with other countervailing considerations of such states, such as the risk of transmission to the local communities. This author concludes with the view that individuals onboard the cruise ships can, and should, consider turning to international human rights law for guidance and recourse. After all, the human rights regime is most suited for and accustomed to governing the relationship between individuals and a state, as compared to between states.
Mechanisms Behind the Long‐Distance Diurnal Offshore Precipitation Propagation in Northwestern South America
Authors: Hu Jingyi , Chen Xingchao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNorthwestern South America (NWSA) is the rainiest region on Earth, with diurnal precipitation exhibiting extensive westward offshore propagation of up to about 1,200 km in boreal spring (March‐May). The diurnal offshore precipitation propagation begins slowly (3–10 m s−1) near the coast of NWSA (<200 km) but accelerates significantly (∼20 m s−1) and shows an afternoon enhancement far from the coast (>400 km). However, the driving mechanisms behind this long‐distance precipitation propagation remain unclear. Using a new cloud tracking and classification data set, we found that mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are the dominant precipitation contributors in the offshore region of NWSA. Cloud tracking shows that the long‐distance propagation and the afternoon enhancement of diurnal precipitation primarily originate from MCSs initiated in the early morning, either over open oceans or from the coast of Central America. Composite tendency analysis shows that MCSs initiated near the coast of Central America have significant upward cooling and moistening signals starting from the surface before initiation. Further analysis of surface diurnal perturbation fields indicates that the land breeze is the primary driving mechanism for MCS initiation. Conversely, for MCSs initiated over open oceans, a significant downward cooling signal from 400 hPa is observed ∼7 hr before initiation, corresponding to the passage of diurnal gravity waves emitted from the Andes. Additionally, our findings highlight the critical role of lower and mid‐level moisture conditions in MCS initiation, alongside the influence of gravity waves.
Substorm Identification With the WINDMI Magnetosphere ‐ Ionosphere Nonlinear Physics Model
Authors: Adhya P. , Spencer E. , Kayode‐Adeoye M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe investigate the applicability and performance of the plasma physics based WINDMI model to the analysis and identification of substorm onsets. There are several substorm onset criteria that have been developed into event lists, either from auroral observations or from auroral electrojet features. Five of these substorm onset lists are available at the SuperMAG website. We analyze these lists, aggregate them and use the WINDMI model to assess the identified events, emphasizing the loading/unloading mechanism in substorm dynamics. The WINDMI model employs eight differential equations utilizing solar wind data measured at L1 by the ACE satellite as input to generate outputs such as the magnetotail current, the ring current and the field‐aligned currents (FACs). In particular, the WINDMI model current output represents the westward auroral electrojet, which is related to the substorm SML index. We analyze a decade of solar wind and substorm onset data from 1998 to 2007, encompassing 39,863 onsets. Our findings reveal a significant correlation, with WINDMI‐derived enhancements in FAC coinciding with the identified substorm events approximately 32% of the time. This suggests that a substantial proportion of substorms may be attributed to solar wind driving that results in the loading and unloading of energy in the magnetotail.
RA‐ConvLSTM: Recurrent‐Architecture Attentional ConvLSTM Networks for Prediction of Global Total Electron Content
Authors: Xue Kaiyu , Shi Chuang , Wang Cheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe ionosphere poses a significant source of error in satellite‐based navigation systems for aviation and radio communication applications. Accurate estimation of the total electron content (TEC) can effectively mitigate the impact of such errors. However, constrained by observational techniques, the acquisition of global ionospheric TEC in practical applications relies heavily on high‐precision forecasting products. In this study, we construct a global ionospheric forecasting model based on the global ionospheric TEC products disseminated by the International GNSS Service (IGS) and deep learning. We incorporate an attention module to extract global spatiotemporal features from historical ionospheric data and employ these features to predict the TEC values over the next 24 hr. Additionally, we select a long short‐term memory (LSTM) model and a ConvLSTM model as baseline models for comparison, conducting experiments under varying solar activity conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that RA‐ConvLSTM model outperforms the other two models in quantifying the performance of the models. During high solar activity years, the bias and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of RA‐ConvLSTM model are −0.0298 TECU and 3.8980 TECU, respectively, while during low solar activity years, these values are 0.0905 TECU and 1.5059 TECU, marking a notable improvement over the comparative models. Furthermore, by contrasting the precision of the three forecasting models during geomagnetic storms, the RA‐ConvLSTM model exhibits the least fluctuations in accuracy, indicative of a higher degree of stability in its forecasting outcomes.
Single-shot super-resolved fringe projection profilometry (SSSR-FPP): 100,000 frames-per-second 3D imaging with deep learning
Authors: Wang Bowen , Chen Wenwu , Qian Jiaming , Feng Shijie , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To reveal the fundamental aspects hidden behind a variety of transient events in mechanics, physics, and biology, the highly desired ability to acquire three-dimensional (3D) images with ultrafast temporal resolution has been long sought. As one of the most commonly employed 3D sensing techniques, fringe projection profilometry (FPP) reconstructs the depth of a scene from stereo images taken with sequentially structured illuminations. However, the imaging speed of current FPP methods is generally capped at several kHz, which is limited by the projector-camera hardware and the number of fringe patterns required for phase retrieval and unwrapping. Here we report a novel learning-based ultrafast 3D imaging technique, termed single-shot super-resolved FPP (SSSR-FPP), which enables ultrafast 3D imaging at 100,000 Hz. SSSR-FPP uses only one pair of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), low-resolution, and pixelated fringe patterns as input, while the high-resolution unwrapped phase and fringe orders can be deciphered with a specific trained deep neural network. Our approach exploits the significant speed gain achieved by reducing the imaging window of conventional high-speed cameras, while “regenerating” the lost spatial resolution through deep learning. To demonstrate the high spatio-temporal resolution of SSSR-FPP, we present 3D videography of several transient scenes, including rotating turbofan blades, exploding building blocks, and the reciprocating motion of a steam engine, etc., which were previously challenging or even impossible to capture with conventional methods. Experimental results establish SSSR-FPP as a significant step forward in the field of 3D optical sensing, offering new insights into a broad spectrum of dynamic processes across various scientific disciplines.
REDD1 expression in podocytes facilitates renal inflammation and pyroptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Sunilkumar Siddharth , Subrahmanian Sandeep M. , Yerlikaya Esma I. , Toro Allyson L. , Harhaj Edward W. , Kimball Scot R. , Dennis Michael D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sterile inflammation resulting in an altered immune response is a key determinant of renal injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this investigation, we evaluated the hypothesis that hyperglycemic conditions augment the pro-inflammatory immune response in the kidney by promoting podocyte-specific expression of the stress response protein regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1). In support of the hypothesis, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes increased REDD1 protein abundance in the kidney concomitant with renal immune cell infiltration. In diabetic mice, administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin was followed by reductions in blood glucose concentration, renal REDD1 protein abundance, and immune cell infiltration. In contrast with diabetic REDD1+/+ mice, diabetic REDD1−/− mice did not exhibit albuminuria, increased pro-inflammatory factors, or renal macrophage infiltration. In cultured human podocytes, exposure to hyperglycemic conditions promoted REDD1-dependent activation of NF-κB signaling. REDD1 deletion in podocytes attenuated both the increase in chemokine expression and macrophage chemotaxis under hyperglycemic conditions. Notably, podocyte-specific REDD1 deletion prevented the pro-inflammatory immune cell infiltration in the kidneys of diabetic mice. Furthermore, exposure of podocytes to hyperglycemic conditions promoted REDD1-dependent pyroptotic cell death, evidenced by an NLRP3-mediated increase in caspase-1 activity and LDH release. REDD1 expression in podocytes was also required for an increase in pyroptosis markers in the glomeruli of diabetic mice. The data support that podocyte-specific REDD1 is necessary for chronic NF-κB activation in the context of diabetes and raises the prospect that therapies targeting podocyte-specific REDD1 may be helpful in DN.
Degradable hypercrosslinked porous polymer generated from aromatic polyketone
Authors: Zheng Handou , Tu Guangshui , Du Cheng , Gao Heng , Pei Lixia , Gao Haiyang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although hypercrosslinked porous polymers as highly efficient adsorbents can remove pollutants, hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) themselves are also a source of white plastic pollution. Development of degradable HCPs is highly desirable based on the full environmental protection concept. In this paper, we reported the direct synthesis of hypercrosslinked polyketones (HCPK-X, X = H, OtBu) generated from degradable aromatic polyketones via external crosslinking technique. The hypercrosslinked structure of HCPK-X was fully characterized, and HCPK-OtBu had a mesopores structure (1.27–68.5 nm) and large surface area (S
BET = 321 m2/g). HCPK-OtBu exhibits a good adsorption capability for aniline removal from aqueous solution, and its enhanced adsorption capability is ascribed to the interactions between aniline and the carbonyl and tert-butoxy groups. The photodegradation of hypercrosslinked polyketones was evaluated and emphasized. The prepared hypercrosslinked polyketones can rapidly and efficiently decompose under UV light irradiation, which represents the first sample of degradable hypercrosslinked polymers.