bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of 50 modifiable risk factors with atrial fibrillation using Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhuxin , Li Le , Zhang Zhenhao , Hu Zhao , Xiong Yulong , Zhou Likun , Yao Yan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSubstantial focus has been placed on atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment and associated stroke prevention rather than preventing AF itself. We employed Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to examine the causal relationships between 50 modifiable risk factors (RFs) and AF.MethodsInstrumental variables for genetically predicted exposures were derived from corresponding genome‐wide association studies (GWASs). Summary‐level statistical data for AF were obtained from a GWAS meta‐analysis (discovery dataset, N = 1,030,836) and FinnGen (validation dataset, N = 208,594). Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed, primarily using inverse variance weighted method with a series of robust sensitivity analyses.ResultsGenetic predisposition to insomnia, daytime naps, apnea, smoking initiation, moderate to vigorous physical activity and obesity traits, including body mass index, waist–hip ratio, central and peripheral fat/fat‐free mass, exhibited significant associations with an increased risk of AF. Coffee consumption and ApoB had suggestive increased risks. Hypertension (odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.26 (4.42, 6.24)), heart failure (HF) (OR 95% CI, 4.77 (2.43, 9.37)) and coronary artery disease (CAD) (OR 95% CI: 1.20 (1.16, 1.24)) were strongly associated with AF, while college degree, higher education attachment and HDL levels were associated with a decreased AF risk. Reverse MR found a bidirectional relationship between genetically predicted AF and CAD, HF and ischemic stroke. Multivariable analysis further indicated that obesity‐related traits, systolic blood pressure and lower HDL levels independently contributed to the development of AF.ConclusionsThis study identified several lifestyles and cardiometabolic factors that might be causally related to AF, underscoring the importance of a holistic approach to AF management and prevention.
Privacy regulation and firm performance: Estimating the GDPR effect globally
Authors: Frey Carl Benedikt , Presidente Giorgio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper examines how privacy regulation shaped firm performance. Controlling for firm and country‐industry‐year unobserved characteristics, we compare the outcomes of firms at different levels of exposure to EU markets, before and after the enforcement of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2018. We find that the GDPR had the unintended consequence of harming the profitability of companies targeting European consumers through the cost channel. Technology firms experienced a 2.1% decline in profits, but not in sales. The GDPR increased extra expenses, added to firms wage bills, and accelerated patenting in GDPR‐related technology fields. The main burdens have been borne by smaller companies.
The effect of water turbidity on prey consumption and female feeding patterns in African turquoise killifish
Authors: Žák Jakub , Šuhajová Pavlína 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWater turbidity alters prey detectability and prey selection by a predator. In dimorphic mesopredators, the effect of water turbidity on foraging success may be sex specific, primarily due to sex differences in reproductive allotment, body size and vulnerability to predation. To experimentally test the effect of turbidity on prey consumption with respect to sex, we used turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri), a small fish from ephemeral savanna pools in southeast Africa that vary widely in turbidity. Large males possess conspicuous nuptial coloration while females are smaller and drab. Vision is assumed to be a fundamental sense for turquoise killifish, despite often living in very turbid water. As mesopredators, killifish regulate the invertebrate community in ephemeral pools. We tested the consumption of bloodworms (benthic and red‐coloured) and glassworms (pelagic and transparent) under clear (<1NTU) and turbid (320 NTU) water conditions. We found that turquoise killifish maintained their overall foraging success irrespective of turbidity. In both the clear and turbid water, the females consumed three times more food than males relative to their body mass. This likely stems from the females' high nutritional demands due to daily reproduction. It also suggests that females are not risk‐aversive in clear water despite their smaller size. Water turbidity affected the type of prey consumed by turquoise killifish and demonstrated its potential to affect the community structure of invertebrate species in ephemeral pools.
Effectiveness of virtual reality interactive simulation practice in prosthodontic education: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mai Hang‐Nga , Ngo Hien Chi , Cho Seok‐Hwan , Duong Chau Pham , Mai Hai Yen , Lee Du‐Hyeong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionVirtual reality‐based interactive simulation (VRIS) provides a safe and controlled environment for dental students and professionals to develop skills and knowledge. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using the VRIS for prosthodontic practice and to explore the trends, application areas, and users' attitudes towards VRIS.Materials and MethodsThis review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for searching studies published until 21 March 2023 that reported quantitative or qualitative learning outcomes related to the use of VRIS for dental prosthodontic practice and clinical training. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale‐Education (NOS‐E) tools. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was conducted to compare the intervention group (utilizing VRIS) and the control group (employing conventional prosthodontic training methods) based on performance skill scores and task completion time, with a significance level set at <.05.ResultsThe meta‐analysis revealed that the utilization of VRIS generally improves students' performance scores (SMD = 1.04; 95% CI, −0.35 to 2.44; I2 > 50%; p = .13) and reduces task completion time (SMD = −0.03; 95% CI, 1.39–7.72; I2 > 50%; p = .93). Notably, using VRIS significantly enhanced the performance scores in implant surgery practice (SMD = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09–0.42; p < .05). Additionally, the VRIS method significantly reduced task completion time in the cavity restorative preparation task (SMD = −1.19; 95% CI, −1.85 to −0.53; p < .05).ConclusionEngaging in practice with VRIS has the potential to enhance learning proficiency in prosthodontic education. The advantages associated with VRIS encompass the provision of immediate feedback, decreased task completion time, heightened confidence and motivation, accelerated skill acquisition, improved performance scores, and increased learning engagement.
Relationship between stable management practices and ocular disease in horses
Authors: Ludwig Claire , Barr Erin , Gilger Brian C. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryBackgroundOcular diseases are common in horses and their occurrence is frequently associated with trauma.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate how stable management practices, such as environment, feeding or use of fly masks, are related to the development of eye diseases, primarily corneal ulceration, in horses.Study designA survey of horse owners in the state of North Carolina was conducted and owners were asked how they managed their horses and the types of eye diseases the horses experienced.MethodsData collected included the primary environment of the horse (stable or pasture), type and method of feeding of hay, use of fly masks and eye diseases that the horses have developed. Correlations between management practices and eye disease were then performed.ResultsOf 446 horses, 161 (36% of total) had been diagnosed with a corneal ulcer, 44 (10%) had multiple occurrences of corneal ulcers, 65 [15%] horses had uveitis and 15 (3%) had immune‐mediated keratitis. Horses that were kept at pasture exclusively were significantly less likely to have had a corneal ulcer than horses kept in a combination of pasture and stalls (p = 0.04). Horses that wore the fly masks year‐round (p < 0.0001) and wore fly masks in both the pasture and stall (p = 0.01) were significantly more likely to have been diagnosed with multiple occurrences of corneal ulcers. There was no significant correlation between types of hay (p = 0.59) or how hay was fed (p = 0.49) with the occurrence of corneal ulceration or other ocular diseases.Main limitationsResults were based on horse owner responses and not medical professionals.ConclusionsHorses kept primarily at pasture have fewer ocular diseases, likely because they sustain less ocular trauma compared to horses kept in stables. How hay is fed does not correlate with the incidence of corneal or other ocular disease.
The cross‐linking between DNA damage, oxidative stress and epidermal barrier in keratinocytes after exposure to particulate matters and carbon black
Authors: Tang Jie , Diao Ping , Pan Weixi , Li Li , Xiong Lidan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs the largest organ, the skin provides the first line of defence against environmental pollutants. Different pollutants have varied damage to the skin due to their own physical–chemical properties. A previous epidemiological study by our team revealed that eczema was positively correlated with different air pollutants. However, the mechanism of action from different pollutants on the skin is less known. In this work, the differences among the genotoxicity, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and barrier‐related parameters caused by two kinds of air pollutants, that is, S1650b and carbon black (CB) were investigated by Western blot, TUNEL, comet assay and RNA‐sequences. The results indicated that both S1650b and CB caused DNA damage of keratinocytes. With the content of lipophilic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), S1650b leaked into the keratinocytes easily, which activated the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in keratinocytes, leading to worse damage to barrier‐related proteins than CB. And CB‐induced higher intracellular ROS than S1650b due to the smaller size which make it enter the keratinocytes easier. RNA‐sequencing results revealed that S1650b and CB both caused DNA damage of keratinocytes, and the intervention of S1650b significantly upregulated AhR, cytochrome oxidase A1 and B1 (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1) genes, while the results showed oppositely after CB intervention. The mechanism of keratinocyte damage caused by different air particle pollutants in this study will help to expand our understanding on the air pollutant‐associated skin disease at cell levels.
Satisfaction with a meal kit delivery program and feasibility of a phase I trial in the intervening in food insecurity to reduce and mitigate (InFoRM) childhood obesity study
Authors: Wu Allison J. , Huggins Marissa , Lin Hsin‐Tao Grace , Caballero‐Gonzalez Arlette , Dalvie Nisha , Battista Erica Di , Taveras Elsie M. , Fiechtner Lauren 
Published: March 2024

SummaryBackgroundFood and nutrition security interventions have been demonstrated to optimize health, prevent and treat chronic diseases among adult populations. Despite the increasing prevalence and intersection of food insecurity and childhood obesity in the United States, there are few food and nutrition security interventions targeted to children and families.ObjectivesThe primary purpose of this phase I randomized, crossover trial was to assess the safety, acceptability and satisfaction of a meal kit delivery program among children with obesity living in households with food insecurity. Secondarily, we assessed the feasibility of our study design, recruitment and retention to inform future larger scale trials.MethodsWe delivered 6 weeks of healthy meal kits, which included fresh pre‐portioned ingredients and simple picture‐based recipes (two recipes/week) in English or Spanish to prepare one‐pot, under 30‐min meals (after preparation ~ 10 servings/week).ResultsCaregivers received and prepared the meal kits and reported overall satisfaction with the meal kit delivery program.ConclusionA meal kit delivery intervention for children with obesity and food insecurity is acceptable and a phase I randomized, crossover trial is feasible.
Eutectoid decompositions in Ce‐containing ABO3 perovskites: Part II, the case of divorced growth in CeCrO3
Authors: Johnston‐Peck Aaron C. , Biacchi Adam J. , Maier Russell A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA eutectoid phase transformation was exhibited by the perovskite CeCrO3 when heated in air. The kinetics of the reaction, microstructure of the product, and mechanisms of the transformation were studied using thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray and Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and electron microscopy. Fluorite CeO2 and corundum Cr2O3 were formed from the decomposition of CeCrO3. The CeO2 particles were porous and polycrystalline, a consequence of nucleation, growth, and impingent of CeO2 domains on the CeCrO3 particles. Anisotropic growth is indicated by the morphology of the CeO2 grains, while the Cr2O3 particles were single crystals without any crystallographic orientation relationship to the parent phase. Unlike the CeAlO3 eutectoid, the microstructure comprised of CeO2 and Cr2O3 show no characteristics of a microstructure formed by cooperative growth. The disparity between the eutectoid reactions in CeCrO3 and CeAlO3 is attributed to a difference in interfacial energy between the fluorite and sesquioxide phases (i.e., CeO2/Al2O3 versus CeO2/Cr2O3).
Explaining trace‐based learner profiles with self‐reports: The added value of psychological networks
Authors: Jovanovic Jelena , Gašević Dragan , Yan Lixiang , Baker Graham , Murray Andrew , Gasevic Danijela 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundLearner profiles detected from digital trace data are typically triangulated with survey data to explain those profiles based on learners' internal conditions (e.g., motivation). However, survey data are often analysed with limited consideration of the interconnected nature of learners' internal conditions.ObjectivesAiming to enable a thorough understanding of trace‐based learner profiles, this paper presents and evaluates a comprehensive approach to analysis of learners' self‐reports, which extends conventional statistical methods with psychological networks analysis.MethodsThe study context is a massive open online course (MOOC) aimed at promoting physical activity (PA) for health. Learners' (N = 497) perceptions related to PA, as well as their self‐efficacy and intentions to increase the level of PA were collected before and after the MOOC, while their interactions with the course were logged as digital traces. Learner profiles derived from trace data were further examined and interpreted through a combined use of conventional statistical methods and psychological networks analysis.Results and ConclusionsThe inclusion of psychological networks in the analysis of learners' self‐reports collected before the start of the MOOC offers better understanding of trace‐based learner profiles, compared to the conventional statistical analysis only. Likewise, the combined use of conventional statistical methods and psychological networks in the analysis of learners' self‐reports before and after the MOOC provided more comprehensive insights about changes in the constructs measured in each learner profile.Major TakeawaysThe combined use of conventional statistical methods and psychological networks presented in this paper sets a path for a comprehensive analysis of survey data. The insights it offers complement the information about learner profiles derived from trace data, thus allowing for a more thorough understanding of learners' course engagement than any individual method or data source would allow.
Indonesian COVID‐19 lesson: A mixed‐methods study on adolescent health status and health services during pandemic
Authors: Khuzaiyah Siti , Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah , Muthoharoh Ainun , Chabibah Nur , Widyastuti Windha , Susiatmi Sandi Ari , Zuhana Nina , Ersila Wahyu , Barach Paul , Lee Ka Yiu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTopicThe COVID‐19 pandemic affected adolescents' physical and psychological health. There must be specific services to cater to the needs of adolescents during COVID‐19 in Indonesia. Lessons learned from previous pandemics will be beneficial for nurses and other health professionals to prepare services for future pandemics.PurposeThis mixed‐method study aimed to examine 459 Indonesian adolescents' health, literacy, preventive measures, and preferred health services during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study also examines sociodemographics, respondent characteristics, health information sources, and media choices.ResultsA total of 47.5% of adolescents knew about COVID‐19, 26.8% experienced physical health changes, and 61.7% considered wearing masks. Adolescent health information came from teachers (26.6%) and the Internet (32.9%). Psychological changes showed 67.8% irritation. Indonesians preferred online counseling (53.8%) and WhatsApp (45.8%) for pandemic health services. COVID‐19 literacy did not affect physical or mental health (p > 0.05).ConclusionsMost adolescents reported mental and physical health changes during COVID‐19. Our data suggest that adolescents' strong COVID−19 knowledge did not prevent anxiety and other psychological difficulties. The longitudinal studies could be utilized if pandemic demands social and physical distance. The government, as well as nurses, might utilize WhatsApp‐based remote online treatment for health services.
Business Power and the Geoeconomic Turn in the Single European Market
Authors: Eckert Sandra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBuilding on the existing literature on business power that has evolved against the background of a liberal economic world order, this article develops a novel analytical framework to capture business strategies in an altered, geoeconomic context. It addresses the research question whether and how business power has been affected by the more recent turn of European policy‐makers to adopt geoeconomic measures in response to external geopoliticising pressures. The relevance of these categories for analysis is illustrated by discussing recent cases of business lobbying on the EU's geoeconomic agenda, as well as business responses to the sanctions imposed on Russia following its invasion of Ukraine. These illustrative examples show that whilst most business actors have adapted their strategies, there are also cases where business actors adhere to and defend the status quo. The article prepares the ground for further research on the understudied consequences of the geoeconomic turn for business power.
Mathematical modeling of apparent specific heat capacity of channel catfish with different microwave heating time
Authors: Li Xuhai , Yang Lifeng , Wang Lan , Wu Wenjing , Zhou Zhi , Luo Hongyu , Shi Liu , Xiong Guangquan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChannel catfish fillets with different microwave heating times were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance to build suitable modeling of apparent specific heat capacity (Cp) ranging from −60 to 90°C (except the obvious phase change region from −20 to 20°C). The content of bound water (Wb), immobilized water (Wi), and free water (Wf) were weighted and calculated. According to non‐linear fitting of experimental data, the obtained empirical equation of Cp, temperature (T), Wb, Wi, and Wf of samples was:. The equation was in good correlation (R2 > 0.95) with the experiment data and could provide a basis for improvement of processing parameters.
Melatonin does not reduce delirium severity in hospitalized older adults: Results of a randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Lange Peter W. , Turbić Alisa , Soh Cheng Hwee , Clayton‐Chubb Daniel , Lim Wen Kwang , Conyers Rachel , Watson Rosie , Maier Andrea B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDelirium is common in older inpatients, causing distress, cognitive decline, and death. Current therapies are unsatisfactory, limited by lack of efficacy and adverse effects. There is an urgent need for effective delirium treatment. Sleep wake cycle is disturbed in delirium; endogenous Melatonin is perturbed, and exogenous Melatonin is a safe and effective medication for sleep disorders.This study aims to determine the effect of oral Melatonin 5 mg immediate release (IR) nightly for five nights on the severity of delirium in older (≥65 years) medical inpatients.MethodsThis was a double‐blinded, randomized controlled trial in general internal medicine units of a tertiary teaching hospital.Older inpatients with Confusion Assessment Method positive, hyperactive or mixed delirium within 48 h of admission or onset of in‐hospital delirium were included. The primary outcome was change in delirium severity measured with the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS).A previous pilot trial showed 120 participants randomized 1:1 to Melatonin or Placebo would provide 90% power to demonstrate a 3‐point reduction in the MDAS.ResultsOne hundred and twenty participants were randomized, 61 to Melatonin 5 mg and 59 to Placebo. The medication was well tolerated. The mean MDAS improvement was 4.9 (SD 7.6) in the Melatonin group and 5.4 (SD 7.2) in the Placebo group, p‐value 0.42, a non‐significant difference. A post‐hoc analysis showed length of stay (LOS) was shorter in the intervention group (median 9 days [Interquartile Range (IQR) 4, 12] vs. Placebo group 10 [IQR 6, 16] p‐value = 0.033, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test).ConclusionsThis trial does not support the hypothesis that Melatonin reduces the severity of delirium. This may be due to no effect of Melatonin, a smaller effect than anticipated, an effect not captured on a multidimensional delirium assessment scale, or a type II statistical error. Melatonin may improve LOS; this hypothesis should be studied.
Diversity and limitations of electroencephalogram and event‐related potential applications in nursing research: A scoping review
Authors: Hu Huiling , Wu Bilin , Li Huijun , Wang Binlin , Wu Xue 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsThis scoping review was conducted to provide a comprehensive summary of how electroencephalogram (EEG) and event‐related potentials (ERPs) have been used in nursing research, with the goal of mapping the themes and methods of nursing research involving EEGs or ERPs as a measurement tool.MethodsThe eligibility criteria were determined according to the Population, Concept, and Context principle. A systematic electronic search of articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, and Scopus databases was carried out for the period from database establishment to November 21, 2022. The included studies were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.ResultsThe review process culminated in 45 articles, evidencing an increasing trend and dispersion characteristics of EEG in nursing research and reflecting five thematic domains of inquiry related to nursing. There was a deficiency of detailed reports of EEG recording and data analysis parameters in nursing research. The common EEG bands in nursing research were Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, Gamma. The ERP components used frequently were P3, P2, N1, N2, P1, N170, and feedback‐related negativity.ConclusionsThe wide variety of EEG components used show broad potential for studying nursing questions. In the future, it will be necessary to increase the depth of the research content, the repeatability of the experiment and the standardization of the report. Nursing researchers should give full play to the characteristics of nursing and establish a systematic and complete EEG research system for nursing.