bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjunctive fast repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression
Authors: Anderson Ian M. , Delvai Nicola A. , Ashim Bettadapura , Ashim Sindhu , Lewin Cherry , Singh Vineet , Sturman Daniel , Strickland Paul L. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThe place of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of depression remains unclear. In this sham-controlled study we determined the efficacy and acceptability of fast, left frontal rTMS given three times a week over 4–6 weeks to 29 patients with depression (79% treatment-resistant). The procedure was generally well tolerated and more effective than sham treatment (55 v. 7% responding, P<0.05), with improvement maintained to 12 weeks. This therapy could be a useful addition to available treatments but further research is needed to determine the optimum treatment parameters.
Effects of antidepressant treatment following myocardial infarction
Authors: van Melle Joost P. , de Jonge Peter , Honig Adriaan , Schene Aart H. , Kuyper Astrid M. G. , Crijns Harry J. G. M. , Schins Annique , Tulner Dorien , van den Berg Maarten P. , Ormel Johan 
Published: May 2007

BackgroundDepression following myocardial infarction is associated with poor cardiac prognosis. It is unclear whether antidepressant treatment improves long-term depression status and cardiac prognosis.AimsTo evaluate the effects of antidepressant treatment compared with usual care in an effectiveness study.MethodIn a multicentre randomised controlled trial, 2177 myocardial infarction patients were evaluated for ICD–10 depression and randomised to intervention (n=209) or care as usual (n=122). Both arms were evaluated at 18 months post-myocardial infarction for long-term depression status and new cardiac events.ResultsNo differences were observed between intervention and control groups in mean scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (11.0, s.d.=7.5 v. 10.2, s.d.=5.l, P=0.45) or presence of ICD-10 depression (30.5 v. 32.1%, P=0.68). The cardiac event rate was 14% among the intervention group and 13% among controls (OR=1.07, 95% CI 0.57-2.00).ConclusionsAntidepressant treatment did not alter long-term depression post-myocardial infarction status or improve cardiac prognosis.
Patient attitudes to electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Rush Gavin , McCarron Shane , Lucey James V. 
Published: May 2007

Aims and MethodsTo investigate patients' subjective attitudes to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) a questionnaire was posted to 89 consecutive patients who had received treatment in an ECT department.ResultsFifty-one responses were obtained (57%). Results indicated a high satisfaction with the department and the treatment itself; 44 respondents would or might have ECT again and 35 reported at least a modest improvement with ECT. However, a high rate (60%) of subjective cognitive impairment was reported.Clinical ImplicationsElectroconvulsive therapy can be an acceptable treatment option for patients when administered in an accredited clinic. More research is urgently required to investigate the exact nature of ECT-associated cognitive impairment, in terms of functional deficits, severity and practical importance to patients' lives.
‘Why did I become a psychiatrist?’: survey of consultant psychiatrists
Authors: Dein Kalpana , Livingston Gill , Bench Christopher 
Published: May 2007

Aims and MethodTo find out why consultant psychiatrists chose psychiatry as a career. A questionnaire was developed and posted to 87 consultant psychiatrists in substantive posts within a London psychiatric training scheme.ResultsThe survey had a response rate of 83% (72 out of 87). The majority of consultants (n=40) chose psychiatry as a career after leaving medical school. The most important reasons cited were empathy with the patient group (36.1%), the interface of psychiatry with the neurosciences (25%), the better working conditions expected in psychiatry (20.8%) and medical school teaching of the subject (19.4%).ConclusionsThe study highlights the need for recruitment efforts after medical school. The findings also reflect the lasting influence of medical school exposure to psychiatry. Interventions for improving recruitment in psychiatry are suggested. The under-recruitment of British medical graduates is masked by overseas recruitment into the specialty.
Supramolecular Polymers Formed by Bifunctional Cyclodextrin Derivatives
Authors: Miyawaki Atsuhisa , Takashima Yoshinori , Yamaguchi Hiroyasu , Harada Akira 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The mixture of monofunctional and bifunctional cyclodextrin derivatives formed branched supramolecular polymers, which showed an increase in the viscosity of aqueous solution. However, a monofunctional cyclodextrin derivative did not form viscous solutions. It is caused by the crosslinking of linear supramolecular polymers through hetero-type inclusion and some intermolecular interactions.
Production and Characterization of Heteroatom-encapsulated Metallofullerene, CaHo@C82
Authors: Sakaguchi Koichi , Fujii Ryosuke , Kodama Takeshi , Nishikawa Hiroyuki , Ikemoto Isao , Achiba Yohji , Kikuchi Koichi 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
We produced two CaHo@C82 isomers whose electronic states were characterized to be Ca2+Ho3+@C825− from the elution behavior of high-performance liquid chromatography.
Metal ion levels after metal-on-metal Ring total hip replacement
Authors: Sauvé P. , Mountney J. , Khan T. , De Beer J. , Higgins B. , Grover M. 
Published: May 2007

Metal-on-metal bearings for total hip replacement (THR) are becoming increasingly popular. Improved wear characteristics mean that these articulations are being inserted into younger patients in the form of THR and resurfacing procedures. This has led to concerns regarding potential carcinogenicity because of the increased exposure to metal ions that the procedure brings. We have studied the serum cobalt and chromium concentrations in patients who had primary, well-fixed Ring metal-on-metal THRs for more than 30 years. The levels of cobalt and chromium were elevated by five and three times, respectively compared with those in our reference groups. Metal-on-metal articulations appear to be the source of metal ions throughout the life of the prosthesis. In three patients who had undergone revision of a previous metal-on-metal THR to a metal-on-polyethylene replacement the levels of metal ions were within the normal range. The elevations of cobalt and chromium ions seen in our study were comparable with those in patients with modern metal-on-metal THRs.
Isolated acetabular liner exchange compared with complete acetabular component revision in revision of primary uncemented acetabular components
Authors: Lie S. A. , Hallan G. , Furnes O. , Havelin L. I. , Engesæter L. B. 
Published: May 2007

We analysed the results of different strategies in the revision of primary uncemented acetabular components reported to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. The aim was to compare the risk of further acetabular revision after isolated liner exchange and complete component revision. The results of exchanging well-fixed components were also compared with those of exchanging loose acetabular components. The period studied was between September 1987 and April 2005. The following groups were compared: group 1, exchange of liner only in 318 hips; group 2, exchange of well-fixed components in 398; and group 3, exchange of loose components in 933. We found that the risk of a further cup revision was lower after revision of well-fixed components (relative risk from a Cox model (RR) = 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.37% to 0.87%) and loose components (RR = 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.39% to 0.80%), compared with exchange of the liner in isolation. The most frequent reason for a further acetabular revision was dislocation, accounting for 61 (28%) of the re-revisions. Other reasons for further revision included pain in 27 (12%), loosening in 24 (11%) and infection in 20 (9%). Re-revisions because of pain were less frequent when complete component (fixed or loose) revision was undertaken compared with isolated exchange of the liner (RR = 0.20 (95% confidence interval 0.06% to 0.65%) and RR = 0.10 (95% confidence interval 0.03% to 0.30%), respectively). The risk of further acetabular revision for infection, however, did not differ between the groups.In this study, exchange of the liner only had a higher risk of further cup revision than revision of the complete acetabular component. Our results suggest that the threshold for revising well-fixed components in the case of liner wear and osteolysis should be lowered.
Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among hospital staff in a German trauma centre
Authors: Kaminski A. , Kammler J. , Wick M. , Muhr G. , Kutscha-Lissberg F. 
Published: May 2007

Between October 2001 and February 2002, 324 healthcare workers were screened for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by nose and throat swabs. A positive finding led to activation of a standardised control programme for the affected person who was immediately excluded from work. Family members of those who were MRSA-positive were offered screening free of charge. An eradication programme was carried out in the permanent carriers. MRSA was found in 17 (5.3%) healthcare workers, 11 of whom proved to be permanent carriers, and six temporarily colonised. Three children of a positive healthcare worker showed nasopharyngeal MRSA, the acquisition of which occurred within the hospital. The standardised eradication programme for carriers was successful in most cases but failed in two individuals, whereupon systemic antibiotics were used successfully. The decolonised carriers, observed for more than one year, remained MRSA negative. Isolation precautions in hospitals do not always prevent hospital staff and their families from acquiring MRSA. The identification of affected employees is difficult because in most cases only asymptomatic colonisation occurs. Screening and eradication can be complicated and costly, and for the affected employees the occupational consequences can be far-reaching as they have no guaranteed legal protection.
Sulfadimethoxine and Ormetoprim Residues in Three Species of Fish after Oral Dosing in Feed
Authors: Kosoff R. E. , Chen C-Y. , Wooster G. A. , Getchell R. G. , Clifford A. , Craigmill A. L. , Bowser P. R. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, and walleyes Sander vitreus were treated with Romet-30 (PHARMAQ AS, Oslo, Norway) via a medicated ration at 50 mg Romet-30·kg fish body weight−1·d−1 for 10 d to compare the elimination kinetics of the test substance. This study was part of a larger effort to develop a species grouping concept for the labeling of therapeutic compounds for cultured fishes. The fish tests were conducted at the ideal water temperature for each species and at 5°C lower than the ideal temperature except for summer flounder, which would not feed at the lower temperature of 15°C. Test temperatures were 30°C and 25°C for Nile tilapia, 20°C and 17°C for summer flounder, and 25°C and 20°C for walleyes. Neither component of Romet-30 (sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim) could be detected in samples of the edible portion of walleyes (muscle plus skin) collected at day 10 posttreatment or thereafter. In studies with summer flounder, only one fish had a detectable concentration of either component on day 21 or thereafter. Elimination of Romet-30 by Nile tilapia was extremely rapid. The limited number of Nile tilapia with detectable sulfadimethoxine or ormetoprim during the posttreatment period prevented the determination of elimination half-life or elimination in this species.
Morphometric, Histomorphometric, and Microcomputed Tomographic Analysis of Periodontal Inflammatory Lesions in a Murine Model
Authors: Li Chung Hsing , Amar Salomon 
Published: May 2007

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis is recognized as one of the major periodontal pathogens in chronic periodontitis, a common infectious disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. Several animal models with P. gingivalis have been used in periodontitis studies. Additionally, multiple approaches have also been applied to measuring alveolar bone loss in periodontitis models, including histomorphometry, morphometry, and radiography. The aims of this study were to assess periodontal inflammatory lesions after P. gingivalis–induced periodontitis and use this model to compare three approaches for assessing alveolar bone loss.Methods: Twelve‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: 48 P. gingivalis–infected and 52 untreated control mice. Periodontitis was induced by wrapping P. gingivalis–soaked ligatures around the left maxillary second molar and changing the ligatures every other day. Mice were euthanized on days 0, 3, 7, and 10 after ligature placement, for a total of 12 experimental and 13 control mice per time point. Epithelial downgrowth, inflammation, and osteoclast activity were evaluated; alveolar bone loss was determined by histomorphometry, morphometry, and microcomputed tomography.Results: The P. gingivalis–infected group showed significantly increased epithelial downgrowth (P <0.05), inflammation (P <0.05), alveolar bone loss (P <0.05), and osteoclast activity (P <0.05) throughout the experimental period compared to the controls. All three methods yielded efficient evaluation of alveolar bone loss.Conclusions: Our results show evidence that the P. gingivalis–soaked ligature‐induced murine model mounts an adequate inflammatory response and exhibits periodontal tissue breakdown compatible with other models of periodontal disease. In addition, alveolar bone loss can accurately be quantified using any of the three alveolar bone analyses presented in this article.
The Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in a Rat Model at Destruction and Healing Stages of Periodontal Disease
Authors: Cetinkaya Burcu Ozkan , Keles Gonca Cayir , Ayas Bulent , Sakallioglu Elif Eser , Acikgoz Gokhan 
Published: May 2007

Background: The major role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an angiogenic mediator, in promoting the progression or the healing of periodontal disease is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the VEGF expression in the destruction and healing stages of periodontal disease and to investigate the association between VEGF expression and vascularization with regard to the number and diameters of blood vessels.Methods: Thirty rats were distributed equally into two test groups and a control group. Experimental periodontal disease was induced in the test groups by silk ligatures, which were kept in position for 40 days. On the 40th day, ligatures were removed from the healing group, whereas ligatures were left in position in the destruction group. On the 60th day, rats were sacrificed; histomorphometric and biochemical analyses were carried out to determine the number and diameters of blood vessels and the assessment of VEGF concentration by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the number of blood vessels in the healing group and in the diameters of blood vessels in the destruction group compared to the control group (P <0.001). In vivo VEGF expressions were highest in the healing group (P <0.001) and correlated significantly with the number of blood vessels (r2 = 0.814; P = 0.001).Conclusion: VEGF expression may be related more to the healing stage of periodontal disease than to the destruction stage of the lesion.
RANKL Upregulation Associated With Periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Wara‐aswapati Nawarat , Surarit Rudee , Chayasadom Anek , Boch Jason A. , Pitiphat Waranuch 
Published: May 2007

Background: Receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are critical for homeostatic control of osteoclast activity, suggesting their vital roles in the progression of bone loss in periodontitis. In this study, the expression of RANKL and OPG mRNA and the relationship between these factors and periodontopathic bacteria in periodontal tissue were studied.Methods: Gingival tissue and subgingival plaque samples were collected from 15 patients with chronic periodontitis and 15 periodontally healthy subjects. RNA was extracted from the tissue and subjected to reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using primers specific for RANKL or OPG. β‐actin was amplified as a control to ensure equal loading. The intensity of RT‐PCR products was analyzed by a densitometer in proportion to the intensity of β‐actin. The numbers of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were determined by quantitative real‐time PCR.Results: Our results showed increased levels of RANKL mRNA in chronic periodontitis tissues. The RANKL/OPG expression ratio was significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to the healthy control group (P = 0.001). Interestingly, the expression of RANKL (r = 0.64; P <0.001), but not OPG (r = −0.24; P = 0.20), was significantly correlated with increased numbers of P. gingivalis. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in only 6.7% of all sites.Conclusions: Chronic periodontitis was associated with RANKL mRNA upregulation and increased RANKL/OPG mRNA expression ratio. In addition, our data showed for the first time to our knowledge an association between upregulated RANKL levels and the number of P. gingivalis in clinically obtained periodontal tissues.
Periodontal Surgery and Glass Ionomer Restoration in the Treatment of Gingival Recession Associated With a Non‐Carious Cervical Lesion: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Suaid Fabrícia Ferreira , Nociti Francisco Humberto , Casati Márcio Zaffalon , Sallum Antônio Wilson , Sallum Enilson Antônio 
Published: May 2007

Background: Buccal gingival recession is a prevalent problem in populations with a high standard of oral hygiene and is very often associated with a non‐carious cervical lesion, complicating treatment. The purpose of this report is to show three cases treated by an integrated periodontal and restorative dentistry approach.Methods: Three patients with Miller Class I gingival recessions associated with non‐carious cervical lesions were enrolled for treatment. One patient received a coronally positioned flap and a resin‐modified glass ionomer restoration, and two patients were treated with a coronally positioned flap, resin‐modified glass ionomer restoration, and connective tissue graft. Probing depth (PD), relative gingival recession (RGR), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline and at 6 and 8 months after surgery.Results: After the healing period, all patients showed CAL gain and reduction in RGR. No difference was observed on PDs compared to baseline. No signs of gingival inflammation or bleeding on probing were seen. The patients were satisfied with the final esthetics and had no more dentin hypersensitivity.Conclusion: This report indicates that teeth with Miller Class I gingival recessions associated with non‐carious cervical lesions can be successfully treated by an integrated periodontal and restorative dentistry approach; however, longitudinal randomized controlled clinical trials must be performed to support this approach.
Subgingival Debridement Efficacy of Glycine Powder Air Polishing
Authors: Flemmig Thomas F. , Hetzel Marc , Topoll Heinz , Gerss Joachim , Haeberlein Ingo , Petersilka Gregor 
Published: May 2007

Background: Glycine powder air polishing (GPAP) has been shown to be significantly more effective in reducing the subgingival cultivable microflora in shallow periodontal pockets compared to curets and is safe when applied directly to root surfaces. The purpose of this study was to assess the subgingival debridement efficacy of GPAP in periodontal pockets with various depths.Methods: In each of 60 patients with severe periodontitis, one tooth with a probing depth (PD) ≥6 mm was randomly assigned to one of the following interventions: GPAP performed in teeth instrumented 3 months earlier (I); GPAP performed in previously non‐instrumented teeth (NI); or no treatment (control). GPAP was performed for 5 seconds per surface. After extraction, teeth were stained with 0.5% toluidine blue, and subgingival debridement efficacy was assessed.Results: Overall, median debridement depth was 2.00 mm in I teeth and 1.86 mm in NI teeth, and the median debrided root surface was 49.24% and 45.64%, respectively. In anatomic PDs (APDs) of 2 to 3 mm, relative debridement depth (debridement depth/APD) ranged from 65% to 80% and 60% to 75% in I and NI teeth, respectively; the corresponding values for debrided root surface were 60% to 70% and 50% to 60%. In control teeth, virtually all subgingival root surfaces were stained. Clinical PD measurements were a median of 1.05 mm deeper than APD.Conclusion: GPAP for 5 seconds per surface is effective in removing most of the subgingival biofilm in periodontal pockets with an APD ≤3 mm.
Contextual Influences on Modern Contraceptive Use in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Stephenson Rob , Baschieri Angela , Clements Steve , Hennink Monique , Madise Nyovani 
Published: May 2007

Objectives. We examined the role of community-level factors in explaining geographic variations in modern contraceptive use in 6 African countries. Methods. We analyzed Demographic and Health Survey and contextual data sources with multilevel modeling techniques to identify factors contributing to geographic variations in women’s use of modern contraceptives. Results. We found significant associations between several community-level factors and reported use of modern contraceptive methods. We also identified several pathways of influence between the community and the individual. Conclusions. Aspects of a community’s sociocultural and economic environment appear to influence a woman’s use of modern contraceptive methods.
Framing HIV Prevention Discourse to Encompass the Complexities of War in Northern Uganda
Authors: Westerhaus Michael J. , Finnegan Amy C. , Zabulon Yoti , Mukherjee Joia S. 
Published: May 2007

In northern Uganda, physical and structural violence (political repression, economic inequality, and gender-based discrimination) increase vulnerability to HIV infection. In settings of war, traditional HIV prevention that solely promotes risk avoidance and risk reduction and assumes the existence of personal choice inadequately addresses the realities of HIV transmission. The design of HIV prevention strategies in northern Uganda must recognize how HIV transmission occurs and the factors that put people at risk for infection. A human rights approach provides a viable model for achieving this aim.