bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of basic motor skills in children and adolescents
Authors: Karadeniz Soner , Suveren Ceren , Arslan Yasin , Ayyıldız Durhan Tebessüm , Ceylan Tülay , Albay Faruk , Küçük Hamza , Ceylan Levent 
Published: February 2024

Aim of the study: The aim of this study was the investigation of basic motor skills in 5–14-year-old boys and girls.Materials and Methods: A total of 842 primary school children, 421 boys and 421 girls, participated in the study. 13.3% of the participants were 5–6 years old, 29.5% were 7–8 years old, 21.5% were 9–10 years old, 16.4% were 11–12, and 19.4% were 13–14 years old. The balance skills of the participants were measured with the (Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder) KTK test.Findings: When the classification of children according to KTK defining classes is examined, 40.7% are very good. When the children’s KTK Backward Balancing scores were examined, a statistically significant difference was found between gender and age groups (p &lt; 0.05). Girls between the ages of 5–6 and 7–8 years had a higher score for KTK backward balance. KTK Total scores were examined according to the Body Mass Index groups, when the total scores of KTK were compared, the lowest scores were in the obese group.Conclusion: According to the study results, age is an essential factor for balance skills. As the age increased, the overall scores of the KTK increased. It was determined that girls’ KTK backward balancing scores were higher than boys. According to BMI results, the balance performances of obese children were found to be lower than the other groups. This difference can be explained by the negative effect of obesity in this age group. According to these results, it may be recommended to observe and improve the balance performances of obese children.
Consistency of spatial ability performance in children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Morawietz Christina , Dumalski Nils , Wissmann Anna Maria , Wecking Jonas , Muehlbauer Thomas 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundSpatial abilities are essential cognitive skills for many aspects of our everyday life that develop substantially throughout childhood and adolescence. While there are numerous measurement tools to evaluate these abilities, many of them have been designed for specific age groups hampering comparability throughout development. Thus, we determined test–retest-reliability and minimal detectable change for a set of tests that evaluate spatial ability performance in their variety in youth and compared them to young adults.MethodsChildren (age: 11.4 ± 0.5 years, n = 26), adolescents (age: 12.5 ± 0.7 years, n = 22), and young adults (age: 26.1 ± 4.0 years, n = 26) performed a set of five spatial ability tests twice, 20 min apart: Paper Folding Test (PFT), Mental Rotation Test (MRT), Water Level Task (WLT), Corsi Block Test (CBT), and Numbered Cones Run (NCR). Relative and absolute test–retest reliability was determined by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3,1) and the standard error of measurement (SEM), respectively. Further, the minimal detectable change (MDC95%) was calculated to identify clinically relevant changes between repeated measurements.ResultsIrrespective of test, reliability was “excellent” (i.e., ICC3,1 ≥ 0.75) in all age cohorts and the SEM values were rather small. The MDC95% values needed to identify relevant changes in repeated measurements of spatial ability performance ranged between 0.8 and 13.9% in children, 1.1 and 24.5% in adolescents, and 0.7 and 20.8% in young adults.ConclusionThe determined values indicate that the investigated set of tests is reliable to detect spatial ability performance in healthy children, adolescents, and young adults.
Policy measures and instruments used in European countries to increase biosimilar uptake: a systematic review
Authors: Machado Sara , Cruz Agostinho , Ferreira Pedro Lopes , Morais Carminda , Pimenta Rui Esteves 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionWhile biosimilar medicines can contribute to the sustainability of healthcare systems, their utilization rate varies across European countries. This study aims to identify and systematize policy measures and instruments used in European countries to increase biosimilar market share.MethodsA systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 recommendations. Medline-PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect databases were searched using inclusion criteria that required full articles published in English between January 2006 and November 2023. Reviews, letters, reports, editorials and comments or opinion articles were excluded from this study.ResultsOf the 1,137 articles, only 13 met the eligibility criteria for analysis, which covered a total of 28 European countries. Pricing regulation measures were found in 27 of these countries with tendering, price-linkage and internal reference price being the most used. Tendering was used by 27 countries to procure biosimilars in inpatient setting. Prescribing guidelines and recommendations were the widely used instrument. Some European countries adopted physician incentives, quotas, and prescription by international non-proprietary name.ConclusionAutomatic substitution was not commonly recommended or applied. Interchangeability and switching will become increasingly relevant issues. It is important that the positive results from some countries serve as an example for the future of these medicines in the European market.Systematic review registrationhttps://inplasy.com/, Identifier INPLASY2023120032.
Ecological comparison of six countries in two waves of COVID-19
Authors: Liu Meiheng , Shi Leiyu , Yang Manfei , Jiao Jun , Yang Junyan , Ma Mengyuan , Xie Wanzhen , Sun Gang 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to provide experience and evidence support for countries to deal with similar public health emergencies such as COVID-19 by comparing and analyzing the measures taken by six countries in epidemic prevention and control.MethodsThis study extracted public data on COVID-19 from the official website of various countries and used ecological comparative research methods to compare the specific situation of indicators such as daily tests per thousand people, stringency index, and total vaccinations per hundred people in countries.ResultsThe cumulative death toll in China, Germany and Australia was significantly lower than that in the United States, South Africa and Italy. Expanding the scale of testing has helped control the spread of the epidemic to some extent. When the epidemic situation is severe, the stringency index increases, and when the epidemic situation tends to ease, the stringency index decreases. Increased vaccination rates, while helping to build an immune barrier, still need to be used in conjunction with non-drug interventions.ConclusionThe implementation of non-drug interventions and vaccine measures greatly affected the epidemic prevention and control effect. In responding to public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 epidemic, countries should draw on international experience, closely align with their national conditions, follow the laws of epidemiology, actively take non-drug intervention measures, and vigorously promote vaccine research and development and vaccination.
Enhancing food safety and cultivated meat production: exploring the impact of microplastics on fish muscle cell proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Sun Taozhu , Timoneda Alfonso , Banavar Amiti , Ovissipour Reza 
Published: February 2024

Cultivated meat, a sustainable alternative to traditional livestock farming, has gained attention for its potential environmental and health benefits. However, concerns about microplastic contamination pose challenges, especially when sourcing cells from marine organisms prone to microplastic bioaccumulation. Additionally, the pervasive presence of microplastics in laboratory settings, ingredients, and during the production, increases the risk of unintentional contamination. This study focused on Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) skeletal muscle cell lines to examine the effects of microplastic exposure, represented by fluorescent polyethylene microspheres (10–45 µm) on cell performance including cell proliferation, cell viability, gene expression, and differentiation processes critical for cultivated meat production. The results revealed significant impacts on cell attachment and proliferation at microplastic concentrations of 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 50 μg/mL. Notably, the 10 μg/mL concentration exerted the most pronounced effects on cell viability during both attachment and proliferation phases. While the results indicated that both microplastic concentration and size influence cell viability, cell differentiation remained unaffected, and additional contributing factors require further investigation. These findings underscore the necessity of thoroughly exploring microplastic-cell interactions to ensure food safety and safeguard health within the burgeoning cultivated meat industry.
Balancing Act: Tubulin Glutamylation and Microtubule Dynamics in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Delgado Inês L. S. , Gonçalves João , Fernandes Rita , Zúquete Sara , Basto Afonso P. , Leitão Alexandre , Soares Helena , Nolasco Sofia 
Published: February 2024

The success of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii in invading host cells relies on the apical complex, a specialized microtubule cytoskeleton structure associated with secretory organelles. The T. gondii genome encodes three isoforms of both α- and β-tubulin, which undergo specific post-translational modifications (PTMs), altering the biochemical and biophysical proprieties of microtubules and modulating their interaction with associated proteins. Tubulin PTMs represent a powerful and evolutionarily conserved mechanism for generating tubulin diversity, forming a biochemical ‘tubulin code’ interpretable by microtubule-interacting factors. T. gondii exhibits various tubulin PTMs, including α-tubulin acetylation, α-tubulin detyrosination, Δ5α-tubulin, Δ2α-tubulin, α- and β-tubulin polyglutamylation, and α- and β-tubulin methylation. Tubulin glutamylation emerges as a key player in microtubule remodeling in Toxoplasma, regulating stability, dynamics, interaction with motor proteins, and severing enzymes. The balance of tubulin glutamylation is maintained through the coordinated action of polyglutamylases and deglutamylating enzymes. This work reviews and discusses current knowledge on T. gondii tubulin glutamylation. Through in silico identification of protein orthologs, we update the recognition of putative proteins related to glutamylation, contributing to a deeper understanding of its role in T. gondii biology.
Identification of WRKY Family Members and Characterization of the Low-Temperature-Stress-Responsive WRKY Genes in Luffa (Luffa cylindrica L.)
Authors: Liu Jianting , Peng Lijuan , Cao Chengjuan , Bai Changhui , Wang Yuqian , Li Zuliang , Zhu Haisheng , Wen Qingfang , He Shuilin 
Published: February 2024

The plant-specific WRKY transcription factor family members have diverse regulatory effects on the genes associated with many plant processes. Although the WRKY proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana and other species have been thoroughly investigated, there has been relatively little research on the WRKY family in Luffa cylindrica, which is one of the most widely grown vegetables in China. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis to identify L. cylindrica WRKY genes, which were subsequently classified and examined in terms of their gene structures, chromosomal locations, promoter cis-acting elements, and responses to abiotic stress. A total of 62 LcWRKY genes (471–2238 bp) were identified and divided into three phylogenetic groups (I, II, and III), with group II further divided into five subgroups (IIa, IIb, IIc, IId, and IIe) in accordance with the classification in other plants. The LcWRKY genes were unevenly distributed across 13 chromosomes. The gene structure analysis indicated that the LcWRKY genes contained 0–11 introns (average of 4.4). Moreover, 20 motifs were detected in the LcWRKY proteins with conserved motifs among the different phylogenetic groups. Two subgroup IIc members (LcWRKY16 and LcWRKY31) contained the WRKY sequence variant WRKYGKK. Additionally, nine cis-acting elements related to diverse responses to environmental stimuli were identified in the LcWRKY promoters. The subcellular localization analysis indicated that three LcWRKY proteins (LcWRKY43, LcWRKY7, and LcWRKY23) are localized in the nucleus. The tissue-specific LcWRKY expression profiles reflected the diversity in LcWRKY expression. The RNA-seq data revealed the effects of low-temperature stress on LcWRKY expression. The cold-induced changes in expression were verified via a qRT-PCR analysis of 24 differentially expressed WRKY genes. Both LcWRKY7 and LcWRKY12 were highly responsive to the low-temperature treatment (approximately 110-fold increase in expression). Furthermore, the LcWRKY8, LcWRKY12, and LcWRKY59 expression levels increased by more than 25-fold under cold conditions. Our findings will help clarify the evolution of the luffa WRKY family while also providing valuable insights for future studies on WRKY functions.
Constitucionalismo contemporáneo vigencia del Estado social de derecho en Colombia
Authors: Muñoz Martha Oliva 
Published: February 2024

El presente trabajo busca generar en el lector la inquietud acerca de la relevancia, actualidad y necesidad material respecto a políticas públicas que profundicen y hagan realidad el Estado social de derecho, establecido por el constituyente en la Constitución de 1991 en Colombia. A pesar de los treinta años de su promulgación y frente a los aún no resueltos problemas de inequidad y de amplios cinturones de pobreza que viven algunos sectores del país (situación que impacta en la convivencia y equilibrio social), se hace necesario establecer políticas públicas que afiancen los postulados constitucionales de convivencia pacífica, de prosperidad general, entre otros; es necesario establecerlas hoy más que nunca, toda vez que la crisis sobreviniente, generada por el covid-19, ha llevado el país a unos niveles inusitados de desempleo y pobreza. Se considera que las directrices que emanan del Estado social de derecho, adoptado por la Constitución de 1991, son una buena herramienta para combatir tanto los problemas propios de la crisis como los históricos flagelos que todavía experimenta la nación y lo ponen al borde del inicio de otra crisis institucional.
Implementation of the Use of Authentic Assessments for Biology Teachers in Public High Schools in Makassar City
Authors: Adawiyah Ridhoyatul , Nurhayati B Nurhayati B , Tayieb Mushawwir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. This study is a quantitative descriptive research that aims to examine the Biology teachers’ perception on authentic assessment in SMAN (public senior high schools), the implementation of authentic assessment in Biology learning, and the inhibiting factors of Biology teachers in implementing authentic assessment at SMAN in Makassar City. The research population were 23 SMAN in Makassar City. Of the 23 schools, only 16 schools had teachers willing to be respondents or the sample of the study with the total of 35 Biology teachers at SMAN in Makassar city. Data collection techniques employed observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The results of the study reveal that the Biology teachers’ perception on authentic assessment is categorized as Very Good, while the implementation of authentic assessment by Biology teachers at SMAN in Makassar City which includes the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains is categorized as Very Good as well, where the teachers assess the knowledge competency by giving written and oral assignments to students, in the affective domain the Biology teachers at SMAN in Makassar City assess each student during and after learning, and in the psychomotor domain the teachers conducts an assessment by giving project assignments, portfolios, and products to students both individually and in groups. The inhibiting factors encountered by Biology teachers in authentic assessment overall have similarities, namely limited time in assessing, lack of students’ motivation in learning, and lack of availability of facilities and infrastructure in Biology Laboratory.Keywords: Authentic Assessment, Perception, Assessment Implementation, Assessment Inhibiting Factors
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS PROSES REKRUTMEN SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH MENGGUNAKAN SIEMEN PADA RSUD SITI FATIMAH AZ-ZAHRA
Authors: Ulandari Winda , Trisninawati  
Published: February 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan SIEMEN dalam proses rekrutmen di RSUD Siti Fatimah Az-zahra. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tiga informan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif komparatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun analisis yang digunakan adalah Data Redukasi, Penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan kajian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan proses rekrutmen menggunakan SIEMEN lebih Efektif dibandingan rekrutmen sebelum mengguakan SIEMEN atau rekrutmen offline. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari jawaban yang telah disampaikan informan bahwa proses Rekrutmen menggunakan SIEMEN banyak kelebihan dan keunggulan antara lain penghematan Biaya, kemudahan dalam perekrutan, kemudahan penggunaan bagi organisasi, meningkatkan proses perekrutan pegawai, dan keberhasilan dalam menemukan pegawai sesuai kebutuhan. Efektivitas rekrutmen menggunakan SIEMEN dari aspek target di RSUD Siti Fatimah Az-zahra sudah sangat efektif tetapi masih ditemukan kendala dalam proses rekrutmen seperti masih banyak pelamar yang kesulitan memverifikasi email pelamar itu sendiri. Jika dilihat dari segi biaya, tenaga, dan waktu yang dikeluarkan untuk proses rekrutmen menggunakan SIEMEN tidak tergolong banyak jika dibandingkan dengan rekrutmen sebelum menggunakan SIEMEN.
PERAN MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM MEMBANGUN CITRA DESTINASI PARIWISATA YANG MENARIK
Authors: Andzani Diva , Virgin Diah , Setijadi Naniek 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. This study aims to investigate the role of social media in shaping the image of tourist destinations. Using a qualitative descriptive research method, the study highlights the shift in the paradigm of tourism marketing to social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and TikTok. The results indicate that social media enables destinations to build a personal and attractive image through strong narratives and visual content. Visualization on these platforms is crucial in shaping the allure of destinations. Storytelling is also found to play a crucial role in creating an authentic image and building emotional connections with tourists. The study identifies challenges such as reputation management and crisis mitigation in the use of social media. In conclusion, social media is not only a promotional tool but also a key element in creating the appeal of tourist destinations and building emotional relationships with users.

Abstrak. Studi ini bertujuan menyelidiki peran media sosial dalam membentuk citra destinasi pariwisata. Dengan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini menyoroti pergeseran paradigma pemasaran pariwisata ke media sosial seperti Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, dan TikTok. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa media sosial memungkinkan destinasi membangun citra pribadi dan menarik melalui narasi kuat dan konten visual. Visualisasi di platform ini menjadi kunci dalam membentuk daya tarik destinasi. Storytelling juga ditemukan berperan penting dalam menciptakan citra autentik, membangun hubungan emosional dengan wisatawan. Studi mengidentifikasi tantangan seperti manajemen reputasi dan penanggulangan krisis dalam pemanfaatan media sosial. Kesimpulannya, media sosial bukan hanya alat promosi, tetapi juga elemen kunci dalam menciptakan daya tarik destinasi pariwisata dan membangun hubungan emosional dengan pengguna.
How to Turn Jets into Cylinders near Supermassive Black Holes in 3D General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations
Authors: Rohoza Valeriia , Lalakos Aretaios , Paik Max , Chatterjee Koushik , Liska Matthew , Tchekhovskoy Alexander , Gottlieb Ore 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) produce highly magnetized relativistic jets that tend to collimate gradually as they propagate outward. However, recent radio interferometric observations of the 3C 84 galaxy reveal a stunning, cylindrical jet already at several hundred SMBH gravitational radii, r ≳ 350r
g. We explore how such extreme collimation emerges via a suite of 3D general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations. We consider an SMBH surrounded by a magnetized torus immersed in a constant-density ambient medium that starts at the edge of the SMBH sphere of influence, chosen to be much larger than the SMBH gravitational radius, r
B = 103
r
g. We find that radiatively inefficient accretion flows (e.g., M87) produce winds that collimate the jets into parabolas near the black hole. After the disk winds stop collimating the jets at r ≲ r
B, they turn conical. Once outside r
B, the jets run into the ambient medium and form backflows that collimate the jets into cylinders some distance beyond r
B. Interestingly, for radiatively efficient accretion, as in 3C 84, the radiative cooling saps the energy out of the disk winds; at early times, they cannot efficiently collimate the jets, which skip the initial parabolic collimation stage, start out conical near the SMBH, and turn into cylinders already at r ≃ 300r
g, as observed in 3C 84. Over time, the jet power remains approximately constant, whereas the mass accretion rate increases; the winds grow in strength and start to collimate the jets, which become quasi-parabolic near the base, and the transition point to a nearly cylindrical jet profile moves outward while remaining inside r
B.
DNA barcoding aids in generating a preliminary checklist of the lichens and allied fungi of Calvert Island, British Columbia: Results from the 2018 Hakai Terrestrial BioBlitz
Authors: McMullin Richard , Simon Andrew , Brodo Irwin , Wickham Sara , Bell-Doyon Philip , Kuzmina Maria , Starzomski Brian 
Published: February 2024

Bioblitzes are a tool for the rapid appraisal of biodiversity and are particularly useful in remote and understudied regions and for understudied taxa. Lichens are an example of an often overlooked group, despite being widespread in virtually all terrestrial ecosystems and having many important ecological functions.We report the lichens and allied fungi collected during the 2018 terrestrial bioblitz conducted on Calvert Island on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada. We identified 449 specimens belonging to 189 species in 85 genera, increasing the total number of species known from Calvert Island to 194, and generated Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences for 215 specimens from 121 species.Bryoria furcellata,Chaenothecopsis lecanactidisandC. nigripunctatawere collected for the first time in British Columbia. We also foundPseudocyphellaria rainierensis, which is listed as Special Concern on the federal Species at Risk Act, and other rarely reported species in British Columbia includingOpegrapha sphaerophoricola,Protomicarea limosa,Raesaenenia huuskoneniiandSarea difformis. We demonstrate that DNA barcoding improves the scope and accuracy of expert-led bioblitzes by facilitating the detection of cryptic species and allowing for consistent identification of chemically and morphologically overlapping taxa. Despite the spatial and temporal limitations of our study, the results highlight the value of intact forest ecosystems on the Central Coast of British Columbia for lichen biodiversity, education and conservation.