bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Inversely Designed Reconstructive Spectrometer on SiN Platform
Authors: Li Ang , Bao Feixia , Wu Yifan , Wang Chang , He Jijun , Pan Shilong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReconstructive spectrometers, which leverage the compressive sensing technique and computational algorithm, are promising solutions for high‐performance integrated spectrometers. Among the various options for realizing reconstructive spectrometers, stratified waveguide filters (SWFs) have emerged as a particularly attractive choice due to their ultra‐compact size and high performance. However, previous demonstrations of SWFs on silicon substrates have suffered from suboptimal and non‐reproducible spectrometer performance due to the brute‐force random design approach. In this paper, applying a bio‐inspired inverse design algorithm to the system level of multiple correlated SWFs is proposed. The algorithm allows for the precise and optimized design of the SWFs in order for higher spectral resolution of each SWF and lower spectral cross‐correlations between any two SWFs, overcoming the limitations of previous methods. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by implementing a reconstructive spectrometer on a silicon nitride (SiN) platform, which is more thermally stable and can support a wider optical range than silicon.
Investigating the Effect of ABS on the Mechanical Properties, Morphology, Printability, and 4D Printing of PETG‐ABS Blends
Authors: Mirasadi Kiandokht , Rahmatabadi Davood , Ghasemi Ismaeil , Khodaei Mohammad , Baniassadi Majid , Baghani Mostafa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with three different ratios of 30%, 50%, and 70% is used to enhance the shape memory and mechanical properties of Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). Additionally, morphology, printability, and dynamic thermomechanical analysis are also examined. The thermal test results show that PETG‐ABS compounds have two transition temperatures in the range of 80 and 110 °C, which are related to the components. By changing the weight percentage of PETG from 30 to 70%, three morphologies of matrix‐droplet, sea‐island, and combination of co‐continuous and matrix‐droplet are observed. The results of the mechanical properties show an increase in strength with the increase of ABS, which can be justified due to the higher strength of ABS compared to PETG. The highest tensile strength of 32.48 MPa and 15.16% elongation is obtained for PETG‐ABS(30‐70) and PETG‐ABS(70‐30), respectively. Due to the better shape memory performance of PETG, PETG‐ABS(50‐50) and PETG‐ABS(70‐30) have complete shape recovery, and with the increase of PETG, the shape recovery rate also increased. This diversity in morphology, mechanical properties, and shape memory effect is one of the goals of this research which is well fulfilled.
High performance computing to support land, climate, and user‐oriented services: The HIGHLANDER Data Portal
Authors: Bottazzi Michele , Rodríguez‐Muñoz Lucía , Chiavarini Beatrice , Caroli Cinzia , Trotta Giuseppe , Dellacasa Chiara , Marras Gian Franco , Montanari Margherita , Santini Monia , Mancini Marco , D'Anca Alessandro , Mercogliano Paola , Raffa Mario , Villani Giulia , Tomei Fausto , Loglisci Nicola , Gascón Estíbaliz , Hewson Timothy , Chillemi Giovanni , Valentini Riccardo , Gianelle Damiano , Massarenti Elena , Forconi Martina , Mazzoni Lucia , Scipione Gabriella 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Italian territory is located at the heart of one of the global hot spots of climate change, where the implementation of climate‐smart land management practices is imperative to guarantee the present and future maintenance of ecosystem functions as well as the sustainability of human socioeconomic activities. The project HIGHLANDER (HIGH performance computing to support smart LAND sERvices) led by Cineca aims at building a comprehensive and multi‐sector framework for land‐management decision‐making in Italy. The project relies on high quality information on different components of the landscape, with a focus on climate‐driven processes, and state‐of‐the‐art computing infrastructures. The HIGHLANDER Data Portal maximizes the impact of HIGHLANDER results by providing access to data products and services. In this article, we describe the architectural features of the platform, as well as the available HIGHLANDER datasets and downstream applications.
Aerva lanata flower extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Their characterization, in vitro antioxidants and antimicrobial investigations
Authors: Ganesan Thamaraiselvi , Muthukrishnan Suriyavathana , Albeshr Mohammed F. , Selvankumar Thangaswamy , Pradeepkumar Sobiya , Indumathi K. P. , Anto Braivy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe production of nanoparticles (NPs) using biological methods may lead to the enhancement of clean, non‐hazardous, and environmentally acceptable procedures. With this context, in the present study silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the flower extract of Aerva lanata (A. lanata). The following techniques, including UV–visible spectroscopy, XRD, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), are used to study the crystalline nature, size, shape, and elemental composition of the biosynthesized AgNPs, and antimicrobial applications of the NPs also studied. In UV–visible spectroscopy results a strong absorbance peak at 425 nm confirmed the AgNPs. The SEM results confirmed the spherical shape of the NPs and their average size of 45.05 nm. X‐ray diffractometry XRD spectra confirmed the crystalline nature of the AgNPs. Against the DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl), nitric oxide and superoxide radicals, Alf‐AgNPs and ascorbic acid had significant scavenging effects at higher concentration of 250 μg/mL, exhibited 65.76 ± 0.41% and 86.42 ± 0.69%, 78.39 ± 0.49% and 72.72 ± 0.14% and 70.79 ± 0.87% and 72.79 ± 0.33% inhibition, respectively. As produced AgNPs had strong antibacterial and moderate antifungal activities against pathogenic test bacterial strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) with the maximum zone of inhibition 15 ± 1.07 mm, 12 ± 0.96 mm, 14 ± 1.05 mm, and 15 ± 2.54 mm, respectively at maximum (75 μg/mL) concentration of AgNPs, and the zone of inhibition of fungal strains Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) (9 ± 0.67 mm) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) (7 ± 0.75 mm) at 75 μg/mL. It was eventually concluded that the biosynthesized Alf‐AgNPs showed promising antioxidant and antimicrobial agents with very low concentrations.
A new platform for designing high‐performance epoxy film adhesive with poly (butyl acrylate‐block‐styrene) block copolymer and alumina nano particles in aluminum–aluminum bonded joints: Preparation and analysis of the mechanical, adhesion, and thermal properties
Authors: Ghaderi Hamid , Semnani Abolfazl , Moini Jazani Omid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEpoxy film adhesives are typically used in different industries. However, these adhesives suffer from brittleness, low flexibility, and thermal stability problems. In this research, phenolic resin (Novolac) and poly (butyl acrylate‐block‐styrene) were used in the formulation of epoxy film adhesive (Diglycidyl ether bisphenol A) to increase thermal stability and adhesion strength and as the toughening agent, respectively. Alumina nanoparticles were also employed to enhance the mechanical properties. The influence of block copolymer and alumina nano particles was also assessed on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy‐based film adhesives. The investigation of the mechanical properties of dumbbell‐shaped samples and adhesion strength of the Al‐Al bonded joints were evaluated by tensile, lap shear, and T‐peel tests. The thermal stability of the optimal samples was assessed by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). SEM analysis was also utilized to study the toughening mechanism. Tensile test of the dumbbell‐shaped samples indicated that the incorporation of 2.5 phr block copolymer and 2 phr alumina nanoparticles enhanced the toughness to 250%. The shear and peel strengths of this sample also exhibited 51% and 76% increase, respectively, showing a remarkable synergistic effect. On the other hand, TGA results revealed that the incorporation of block copolymer improved the thermal stability of the adhesive matrix. The copresence of these two materials also showed a considerable synergistic effect on the thermal stability. The SEM results were also in line with the results of mechanical tests as the crack deviation, crack pinning, and debonding were the most important mechanisms of toughening.Highlights
A new platform was developed for designing epoxy films adhesives with high mechanical, adhesion, and thermal properties.
The hybrid of butyl acrylate block styrene copolymer, phenolic resin, and alumina nanoparticles showed synergistic effects on the lap shear and T‐peel strength.
The greatest improvement in toughness was related to the epoxy adhesive containing 2.5 phr block copolymer and 2 phr alumina nanoparticles.
Analysis of the fracture surface showed that by using hybrid of nanoparticles and block copolymers in the epoxy film adhesive formulation, the cohesive failure occurred.
The use of hybrid additives in film adhesive formulations enlightened manufacture of adhesives for future studies on adhesive formulations.
Nonpathogenic leaf‐colonizing bacteria elicit pathogen‐like responses in a colonization density‐dependent manner
Authors: Miebach Moritz , Faivre Léa , Schubert Daniel , Jameson Paula , Remus‐Emsermann Mitja 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLeaves are colonized by a complex mix of microbes, termed the leaf microbiota. Even though the leaf microbiota is increasingly recognized as an integral part of plant life and health, our understanding of its interactions with the plant host is still limited. Here, mature, axenically grown Arabidopsis thaliana plants were spray inoculated with six diverse leaf‐colonizing bacteria. The transcriptomic changes in leaves were tracked over time and significant changes in ethylene marker (ARL2) expression were observed only 2–4 days after spray inoculation. Whole‐transcriptome sequencing revealed that 4 days after inoculation, leaf transcriptional changes to colonization by nonpathogenic and pathogenic bacteria differed in strength but not in the type of response. Inoculation of plants with different densities of the nonpathogenic bacterium Williamsia sp. Leaf354 showed that high bacterial titers resulted in disease phenotypes and led to severe transcriptional reprogramming with a strong focus on plant defense. An in silico epigenetic analysis of the data was congruent with the transcriptomic analysis. These findings suggest (1) that plant responses are not rapid after spray inoculation, (2) that plant responses only differ in strength, and (3) that plants respond to high titers of nonpathogenic bacteria with pathogen‐like responses.
Synthesis and characterization of statistical and block copolymers of n‐hexyl isocyanate and 2‐chloroethyl isocyanate via coordination polymerization
Authors: Mantzara D. , Katara A. , Panteli M. , Stavrakaki I. G. , Plachouras N. V. , Choinopoulos I. , Pitsikalis M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStatistical and block copolymers of n‐hexyl isocyanate (HIC) and 2‐chloroethyl isocyanate (ClEtIC) were synthesized via cοοrdination polymerization employing the half‐titanocene complex [(η5‐C5H5)((S)‐2‐Bu‐O)TiCl2] as initiator. The complex, bearing a chiral substituent, led to optically active products, as confirmed by circular dichroism measurements. The molecular characterization of all products was carried out by NMR and IR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), while their thermal stability was investigated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermogravimetry (DTG). The reactivity ratios of the two monomers were determined using various graphical methods, as well as the COPOINT program, according to the terminal copolymerization model. Structural parameters, such as the dyad monomer sequences and the mean sequence lengths were calculated as well. In addition, the kinetics of the thermal degradation of the statistical copolymers was studied, and the activation energies of the thermal degradation were calculated employing the Kissinger, Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW), and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) methods. The block copolymers were synthesized by sequential addition of monomers starting from the polymerization of HIC. Well‐defined products were obtained in a controlled way as revealed by SEC, IR, and NMR measurements.
Effects of upper limbs' neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) superimposed to voluntary contraction added to a protocol of intradialytic leg cycle ergometer exercise, in muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life of adult patients with CKD: a randomized clinical trial protocol
Authors: Barbalho‐Moulim Marcela Cangussu , Paro Flavia Marini , Pedrosa Diego França , Serafim Lais Mello , Kuster Elizângela , Carmo Willian Assis do , de Oliveira Gabriela P. , de Lima Maria Helena B. S. , Pedreira Alexandre Bittencourt , Duarte Halina , Wittmer Verônica Lourenço 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of unilateral upper limbs' (ULM) neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) superimposed on a voluntary contraction added to a protocol of intradialytic leg cycle ergometer exercise on muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life of adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsThis randomized controlled clinical trial will be carried out at a Brazilian University Hospital. The patients will be evaluated and randomly allocated to an intervention group (i.e., unilateral NMES on the upper limb without hemodialysis fistula for 20 min and leg cycle ergometer for 30 min) or a control group (i.e., unilateral NMES‐Sham on the upper limb without hemodialysis fistula for 20 min and leg cycle ergometer for 30 min). The patients will be treated for 8 weeks, with three weekly treatment sessions totaling 24 sessions. Measurements: ULM muscle strength, functional capacity, quality of life and also the feasibility, safety and patient adherence to the exercise protocol. All physical measurements will be collected by trained researchers before treatment (week 0) and at the end of treatment (week 9), always in the second hemodialysis session of the week. It will be used in an intention‐to‐treat analysis.Results/ConclusionsThe outcomes of this clinical trial protocol may help to know the possible benefits of unilateral ULM' NMES superimposed on a voluntary contraction added to a protocol of leg cycle ergometer for patients with CKD and to aid clinical decisions about future implementation or not of this technique (NMES) in intradialytic physical training programs.
Bovine Serum Albumin/Polyvinyl Alcohol Double‐Network Hydrogel Containing ϵ‐Polylysine for Antibacterial Performance
Authors: Wang Hui , Shi Changxin , Zhang Chenyun , Xiong Yingshuo , Liu Fangjie , Zhong Linlin , Zhang Jin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the discovery and abuse of antibiotics, bacterial resistance has become a key problem in the field of antibacterial materials. Therefore, antibacterial materials that can effectively inhibit bacterial infection are considered to be important biological materials. In this study, a double‐network hydrogel system was designed using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the main body. The first network was formed by reducing the disulfide bond on BSA to sulfhydryl group by tris (2‐carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP). The second network of PVA was used as the hydrogel to prepare a double‐network hydrogel with good mechanical strength. The introduction of ϵ‐polylysine gives the hydrogel antibacterial activity, which enables it to destroy the cell structure and kill bacteria through electrostatic interaction, and can effectively solve the problem of drug resistance in the field of antibacterial medicine.
Begutachtung der historischen Lager des Chemnitzer Viadukts
Authors: Mensinger Martin , Siebert Dorina , Schäfers Michael , Tutzer Kurt , Thomas Nadine , Gubetini Drilon , Heßeln Karsten 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDas Chemnitzer Viadukt wurde zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts erbaut und über die letzten Jahre denkmalgerecht ertüchtigt. Hierfür war u. a. eine Begutachtung zur Wiederverwendung der aus einzelnen Gussbauteilen bestehenden Lager erforderlich. Die Begutachtung umfasste übliche zerstörungsfreie und zerstörende Prüfungen sowie numerische Berechnungen zum Nachweis der Tragfähigkeit. Als neuartige Ergänzung wurden Gusssimulationen, 3D‐Scans der Lager zur Erfassung des tatsächlichen Zustands sowie bruchmechanische Untersuchungen zur Bewertung der Sprödbruchgefahr und des möglichen Rissfortschritts durchgeführt. Unter anderem stellten teils schwere Zugänglichkeit und komplexe Belastungszustände eine Herausforderung dar. In diesem Aufsatz werden das Lagerkonzept und die Methode der Begutachtung vorgestellt sowie die einzelnen Bestandteile mit zugehörigen Ergebnissen beschrieben. Durch die Begutachtung konnte eine Weiternutzung eines Großteils der Lagerbauteile ermöglicht werden.
B‐flow/spatiotemporal image correlation M‐mode ultrasound provides novel method to quantify spiral artery remodeling during normal human pregnancy
Authors: Turan O. M. , Liang Y. , Kelley B. , Turan S. , Pepe G. J. , Albrecht E. D. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesDuring human pregnancy, placental extravillous trophoblasts replace vascular smooth muscle and elastic tissue within the walls of the uterine spiral arteries, thereby remodeling them into distensible low‐resistance vessels to promote placental perfusion. The present study determined whether B‐flow/spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) M‐mode ultrasonography provides an in‐vivo imaging method able to digitally quantify spiral artery luminal distensibility as a physiological index of spiral artery remodeling during the advancing stages of normal human pregnancy.MethodsA prospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted to quantify spiral artery distensibility (i.e. vessel luminal diameter at systole minus diameter at diastole) by B‐flow/STIC M‐mode ultrasonography during the first, second and third trimesters in 290 women exhibiting a normal pregnancy. Maternal serum levels of placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1), growth factors that modulate important events in spiral artery remodeling, were quantified in a subset of the women in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy.ResultsMedian (interquartile range (IQR)) spiral artery distensibility increased progressively between the first (0.17 (0.14–0.21) cm), second (0.23 (0.18–0.28) cm) and third (0.26 (0.21–0.35) cm) trimesters of pregnancy (P < 0.0001 for all). Median (IQR) spiral artery volume flow increased progressively between the first (2.49 (1.38–4.99) mL/cardiac cycle), second (3.86 (2.06–6.91) mL/cardiac cycle) and third (7.79 (3.83–14.98) mL/cardiac cycle) trimesters (P < 0.001 for all). In accordance with the elevation in spiral artery distensibility, the median (IQR) ratio of serum PlGF/sFlt‐1 × 103 levels increased between the first (7.2 (4.5–10.0)), second (22.7 (18.6–42.2)) and third (56.2 (41.9–92.5)) trimesters (P < 0.001 for all).ConclusionsThe present study shows that B‐flow/STIC M‐mode ultrasonography provides an in‐vivo imaging technology to quantify digitally the structural and physiological expansion of the walls of the spiral arteries during the cardiac cycle as a consequence of their transformation into compliant vessels during advancing stages of normal human pregnancy. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Machine learning identification of microhabitat features associated with occupancy of artificial nestboxes by hazel dormice Muscardinus avellanarius in a UK woodland site
Authors: Malyan Joe , Lloyd Amanda J. , González‐Suárez Manuela 
Published: March 2024

Hazel dormice Muscardinus avellanarius have severely declined since 2000 leading to increased legislative protection in the UK and Europe. Artificial nestboxes are widely used for its conservation and monitoring. Previous research has focused on how to identify suitable areas for nestboxes, but where to place individual boxes to promote occupancy is less well understood. Here, we demonstrate the use of machine learning Random Forest regression to predict nestbox occupancy from a wide range of microhabitat variables using a UK woodland as a case study. Random forest models are powerful predictive tools that allow simultaneous testing of many predictors with relatively few observations.Field data included observed nestbox occupancy (2017–2021) and measurements of 76 microhabitat variables collected in the summer of 2021 from 45 occupied and unused nestboxes located in a deciduous woodland in Berkshire, UK. We applied Random Forest regression to identify important variables and predict nestbox occupancy demonstrating robust approaches to tune model hyperparameters and evaluate importance metrics.In our study area, nestboxes were more likely to be occupied in sites with more hazel Corylus avellana, greater overall tree abundance but not fully closed canopies (optimal 80–85%), more honeysuckle Lolium periclymenum and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, and when located further from footpaths and woodland margins. Occupancy over the study period was well predicted using microhabitat variables (13.3% OOB error) but future occupancy was more uncertain (33.3% error for 2021–2023 records).Modelling approaches that allow consideration of numerous variables from few locations or observations can be help identify relevant features and predict desirable outcomes of conservation actions. Here we demonstrate this approach identifying microhabitat variables that influence artificial nestbox occupancy by hazel dormice in a UK woodland. Findings offer some recommendations for local management that could promote nestbox occupancy and improve monitoring and conservation efforts.
Optimal liquidation with high risk aversion and small linear price impact
Authors: Dolinskyi Leonid , Dolinsky Yan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe consider the Bachelier model with linear price impact. Exponential utility indifference prices are studied for vanilla European options in the case where the investor is required to liquidate her position. Our main result is establishing a non-trivial scaling limit for a vanishing price impact which is inversely proportional to the risk aversion. We compute the limit of the corresponding utility indifference prices and find explicitly a family of portfolios which are asymptotically optimal.