bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Effects of Chlorella sp. and Schizochytrium sp. Extracts, Individually and in Combination, on Growth Performance, Body Composition, and Gene Expression Related to Growth, Digestion, Antioxidant, and Immune Responses in Rainbow Trout
Authors: KARATAŞ Boran 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aquaculture is a fast-growing industry requires nutritionally well-balanced and sustainable feed alternatives. Microalgae such as Chlorella sp. and Schizochytrium sp. have attracted attention for their potential usability in fish culture due to their growth-promoting and immune-stimulating properties. This study aimed to assess the impact of these microalgae extracts on the growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and gene expression related to growth, digestion, antioxidant, and immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Rainbow trout, each weighing an average of 8.92±0.04 g, were randomly allocated into 12 fiberglass tanks, with 15 fish per tank. The study comprised four treatments, including a control group (K) and experimental groups fed with 0.5% Chlorella (CH), 0.5% Schizochytrium (SC), and a combination of 0.25% Chlorella + 0.25% Schizochytrium (CH+SC) for 60 days. The results indicated that individual inclusion of Chlorella and Schizochytriumextracts up to 0.5% in the diet did not significantly affect growth performance and feed utilization. However, the combination of both microalgal extracts at the 0.5% level demonstrated significant improvements in all parameters.
Notably, the expression level of the growth hormone (GH-I) gene was higher in the CH+SC and SC groups compared to the control group, indicating a potential impact on growth-related mechanisms. Regarding body composition, there were no significant differences in moisture, lipid, and ash among groups. However, fish fed the mixed treatment-supported diet exhibited high crude protein. Additionally, the expression of genes inducing digestive enzymes significantly increased in fish fed the mixed diet, suggesting enhanced digestive activity. Furthermore, the study revealed significant increases in the expression levels of antioxidant-related genes (SOD, CAT, GPx) in all experimental groups compared to the control group, indicating an improvement in antioxidant status. Immunological assessments demonstrated significant differences in the expression of immune-related genes among treatments. Adding algal extracts to the diet positively affected the expression of immune-related genes, such as LYZII, TNF-α, and IL-1β, suggesting enhanced immune responses.
This work demonstrated a mixed diet containing Chlorella and Schizochytriumextracts positively influenced the growth performance of rainbow trout while enhancing digestive activity, immune responses, and antioxidant status. These findings support a combination of 0.25% Chlorella and 0.25% Schizochytriumin supplementary feed for rainbow trout in aquaculture practices. This research contributes valuable insights toward developing optimized aquafeeds for the aquaculture industry.
Quali-quantitative water behaviour in an intensive swine production catchment in the Atlantic Forest biome, southern Brazil
Authors: Cardozo Aimê , Piazza Gustavo Antonio , Alves Thiago Caique , Pinheiro Adilson , Kaufmann Vander , Torres Edson , Mota João André Ximenes 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Agriculture is an essential economic activity in Brazil. However, it is also the main source of water quality degradation. Monitoring catchments with agricultural land use is a way to generate information on a scale to identify causes and sources of water quality degradation. This work used monitoring data derived from hydrology and the quality of surface and underground water in an intensive agricultural catchment in the Atlantic Forest biome. The Fortaleza River catchment is located in the western part of Santa Catarina state in southern Brazil and has 62 km² of drainage area. Hydrological and water quality monitoring was conducted for seven years at two fluviometric stations, three lysimeters, one meteorological station and one piezometer. Data on precipitation, temperature, water flow, surface runoff, drainage, and water quality were used. Statistical analyses were also developed. Precipitation between 2013 and 2019 presented a homogeneous distribution in monthly and annual data, with January and July the months with the highest and lowest values, respectively. Statistical difference in the average and Q95 flows was found in upstream and downstream fluviometric sections. In terms of quality, statistical differences were identified for ammonium, nitrate and potassium concentrations, which had higher concentrations in lysimeter runoff, indicating direct influence of agricultural activity on water quality. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that (i) surface water presented a positive relationship in Component 1 for the magnesium-calcium, sulphate-chloride and acetate-bromide groups and a negative relationship for phosphate-nitrate; (ii) in lysimeters, the positive relationship occurred for Component 2 for the phosphate-chloride and sulphate-nitrate groups and was negative for ammonium-lithium and calcium-potassium-magnesium; and (iii) in piezometer, positive relationships were found for chloride-sodium and phosphate-nitrite pairs, while negative relationships were found for calcium-magnesium.
Population genomics and transcriptomics identify patterns of selection in two Liangshan chicken breeds
Authors: Wang Tao , Cui Xiang , Li Diyan , Chen Binlong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The global diversity of domestic chicken breeds or lines, each exhibiting unique and specialized traits, offers a compelling context to explore how selection influences genetic variation patterns. China, with its myriad local chicken breeds, contributes significantly to this diversity. This study presents a population genome overview of genetic variations in 35 domestic chickens encompassing two distinct breeds from the Liangshan Prefecture in Sichuan Province. Through comparative genomic analysis with 17 red jungle fowls (RJFs), genes associated with natural selection in the Yanying and Luning Chickens were identified. Notably, selected genes in Yanying Chickens primarily affect energy metabolism, body size maintenance, and available food sources, mirroring similar trends in Luning Chickens. Transcriptomic analysis further validated the potential roles of these genes in the domestication of both breeds. This research sheds light on the unique evolutionary trajectories shaped by artificial selection for agricultural purposes and natural selection for high-altitude chickens. The study identified specific genes as potential candidates for influencing economic traits and other phenotypic characteristics in chickens
Global meta-analysis reveals the drivers of gut microbiome variation across vertebrates
Authors: Xie Yong , Xu Songsong , Xi Yufei , Li Zixin , Zuo Erwei , Xing Kai , Bai Lijing , Li Kui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Shifts in their gut microbial composition and diversity are a known mechanism vertebrates use to adapt to environmental conditions. However, the relative contribution of individual environmental factors to gut microbiota composition and diversity remains poorly understood. To understand the broad influence of different environmental factors on gut microbiome of vertebrates, we collected 6508 16S rRNA gene sequencing samples of gut bacterial communities from 113 host species, spanning seven different classes as well as different types of feeding behaviors and host habitats. Furthermore, we identified the common antibiotic resistomes and their potential mobility between terrestrial vertebrate gut microbiomes (n = 489) and their sympatric soil environment samples (n = 203) using metagenomic sequencing analysis.Results We demonstrate that host diet patterns have a significant impact on changes in the gut microbiome. We reveal the phylum Fusobacteria is enriched in the gut of carnivorous vertebrates, while in the gut of herbivorous vertebrates there was a larger representation of Verrucomicrobia. Climate factors are also strongly associated with gut microbiome variation among vertebrates. We show that the abundance of Bacteroidetes increases gradually from high- to low-latitude zones, while Proteobacteria show a decreasing trend. In particular, we found that bacA and its flanking sequences are highly homologous among the genomes of mammals, avian gut communities, and sympatric soil biomes, suggesting that the bacA resistance gene may undergo horizontal transfer between vertebrates and sympatric environments.Conclusions Our findings show diet patterns and climatic factors play key roles in promoting specific taxa in vertebrate gut microbiota. In addition, we comprehensively decipher the common antibiotic resistance groups of wild vertebrates and their sympatric soil biological environment samples, and provide evidence of potential horizontal transfers of the bacA gene. These results significantly advance our knowledge of the diversity and structure of gut microbiomes in vertebrates and their association with environmental factors, and provide crucial insights to better manage the soil ARG pool.
Assessment of the Microstructure and Geotechnical Characteristics of Lime- Improved Lateritic Soil with the Addition of Pulverised Snail Shell and Sawdust Ash for Sustainable Highway Infrastructure
Authors: Fadugba Olaolu George , Ojo Adeyemi Amos , OLUYEMI-AYIBIOWU BAMITALE DORCAS , OMOMOMI OLADAPO JAYEJEJE , Bodunrin Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This research investigated the effects of lime, Pulverized snail shell (PSS), and sawdust ash on the mechanical properties of lateritic soil for soil stabilization in construction. Various tests, including maximum dry density, moisture content, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), triaxial, permeability, compressibility, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests, were conducted on soil samples with different proportions of additives. The results show that the addition of additives reduced maximum dry density and increased moisture content. The sample with 6% lime and 7.5% PSS exhibited the highest UCS of 302 kPa after 28 days of curing, while the untreated sample had a UCS of 121 kPa. Triaxial tests revealed reduced cohesion and increased angle of internal friction with higher additive content. The 6% lime and 7.5% PSS sample displayed the highest shear strength of 60.6 kPa and elastic modulus of 181.8 MPa. Permeability tests demonstrated that the 6% lime and 6% sawdust ash sample had the lowest permeability (6.67x10− 7 m/s) among the stabilized samples. The untreated soil exhibited high compressibility, whereas the 6% lime and 7.5% PSS sample exhibited the highest resistance to compression and deformation. The untreated soil had a soaked CBR value of 8%, while the 6% lime and 7.5% PSS sample achieved the highest soaked CBR value of 38%, making it suitable as a sub-base material. These findings highlight the effectiveness of lime, PSS, and sawdust ash in enhancing the mechanical properties of lateritic soil and offer valuable insights for soil stabilization in construction applications.
Evolution trend and prediction of coal mine water disaster accidents in China from 2000 to 2023
Authors: lu cunjin , chai jincheng , Xu Jinpeng , li pu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

We have compiled data on coal mine accidents in China from 2000 to 2023 through official channels such as the National Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau. We conducted a statistical analysis on water-related accidents, studied the evolving trends of water-related accidents in China from 2000 to 2023, and specifically discussed the distribution characteristics and causes of major water-related accidents. The results indicate that the number of water-related accidents and the mortality rate showed a stepwise decrease from 2000 to 2023, displaying a negative correlation with the original coal production. Major water-related accidents exhibit distinct spatial and temporal features, with the most severe occurrences concentrated in Northeast, North China, and South China, particularly during the months of March to May and July to August, and daily between 9:00 and 12:00. Various types of water-related accidents occur in Chinese coal mines, with the most common being old goaf water inrush, and the highest average number of fatalities resulting from surface floods. Using the Holt model, we predicted that the mortality rate per million tons for water-related accidents in 2024 and 2025 would be 0.00133 and 0.00066, respectively, with coal production estimates of 49.68 billion tons and 51.13 billion tons. The predicted number of deaths caused by water-related accidents would be 6–7 people and 3–4 people, respectively.
Combinations of meso-(4-carboxyphenyl) and meso-(4- hydroxyphenyl) porphyrins as anti-HIV-1 agents
Authors: Sharma Debdulal , Singh Aradhana , Safi Sanaullah , Gaur Ritu , Sengupta Devashish 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

A series of 4-carboxyphenyl/4-hydroxyphenyl meso-substituted porphyrins were synthesized, purified, and characterized. The compounds exhibited anti-HIV-1 activities, in vitro, under both non-photodynamic (PDT) and photodynamic (PDT) conditions. Specifically, the porphyrins inhibited HIV-1 virus entry, with c-PB2(OH)2 and PB(OH)3 showing significant anti-HIV-1 activity. All of the porphyrins inhibited HIV-1 subtype B and C virus entry under PDT conditions. Our study demonstrated that the compounds bearing combinations of 4-carboxyphenyl/4-hydroxyphenyl moieties were not toxic even at higher concentrations, as compared to the reference porphyrins 5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (THPP), under PDT conditions. This study highlighted the promising potential of the target compounds as HIV entry inhibitors in both non-PDT and PDT settings.
Discover overlooked complications after preeclampsia using electronic health records
Authors: Garmire Lana , Zhu Haoming , Yang Xiaotong , Xie Wanling , Langen Elizabeth , Li Ruowang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and end-organ damage such as proteinuria. PE poses a significant threat to women's long-term health, including an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal diseases. Most previous studies have been hypothesis-based, potentially overlooking certain significant complications. This study conducts a comprehensive, non-hypothesis-based analysis of PE-complicated diagnoses after pregnancies using multiple large-scale electronic health records (EHR) datasets.
Method
From the University of Michigan (UM) Healthcare System, we collected 4,348 PE patients for the cases and 27,377 patients with pregnancies not complicated by PE or related conditions for the controls. We first conducted a non-hypothesis-based analysis to identify any long-term adverse health conditions associated with PE using logistic regression with adjustments to demographics, social history, and medical history. We confirmed the identified complications with UK Biobank data which contain 443 PE cases and 14,870 non-PE controls. We then conducted a survival analysis on complications that exhibited significance in more than 5 consecutive years post-PE. We further examined the potential racial disparities of identified complications between Caucasian and African American patients.
Findings
Uncomplicated hypertension, complicated diabetes, congestive heart failure, renal failure, and obesity exhibited significantly increased risks whereas hypothyroidism showed decreased risks, in 5 consecutive years after PE in the UM discovery data. UK Biobank data confirmed the increased risks of uncomplicated hypertension, complicated diabetes, congestive heart failure, renal failure, and obesity. Further survival analysis using UM data indicated significantly increased risks in uncomplicated hypertension, complicated diabetes, congestive heart failure, renal failure, and obesity, and significantly decreased risks in hypothyroidism. There exist racial differences in the risks of developing hypertension and hypothyroidism after PE. PE protects against hypothyroidism in African American postpartum women but not Cacausians; it also increases the risks of uncomplicated hypertension but less severely in African American postpartum women as compared to Cacausians.
Interpretation
This study addresses the lack of a comprehensive examination of PE's long-term effects utilizing large-scale EHR and advanced statistical methods. Our findings underscore the need for long-term monitoring and interventions for women with a history of PE, emphasizing the importance of personalized postpartum care. Notably, the racial disparities observed in the impact of PE on hypertension and hypothyroidism highlight the necessity of tailored aftercare based on race.
Inversion of heat loss to obtain conductivity, density and permeability at bottom-heated surfaces: The case of hydrothermal system at Vulcano between 2019 and 2023
Authors: Harris Andrew , Pailot-Bonnétat Sophie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

At hydrothermal systems, heat transfer across the final surface layer is driven by permeable convection and conduction, so that permeability and conductivity play fundamental roles in controlling the heat flux to the atmosphere. We build a Rayleigh-number driven heat transfer model for a bottom-heated surface that uses measurements of heat flux density (radiation and convection to the atmosphere in W/m²), surface temperature, and soil temperature to solve for soil conductivity, density, and permeability. At Vulcano in 2019, we measured an ASTER-derived heat flux density of 240 ± 70 W/m², and a difference between soil and surface temperature of 18 ± 6°C. The surface layer is a 7.5 ± 2.5 cm thick case hardened crust across which heat transfer is conduction dominated. We invert our heat transfer model by using the derived temperature (T) gradient of T = -49.7y² + 113.6y + 35 (R² = 0.9997), where y is depth in meters between the surface and 70 cm. The result is a conductivity for the case hardened layer of 1.0 ± 0.3 W/(m K) and density of 2440 ± 120 kg/m3. Below the case harded layer heat transfer is dominated by permeable convection, and a soil comprised of highly altered trachytic blocks in an ash matrix. Our model gives permeabilities of 1–19 × 10− 10 m² of this layer in 2019. In 2021, Vulcano entered a phase of unrest. Our model reveals that this was associated with an increase in permeability to 10− 7 m². However, by 2023 permeabilities had reverted to pre-unrest levels. Using simple measurements of surface and soil temperature, coupled with heat flux density from a satellite overpass, the model can be used as a basis to constrain heat transfer and to assess permeability at any hydrothermal system.
Self-reported motivation in the pursuit and choice of companion dogs
Authors: Udvarhelyi-Tóth Kata Mária , Iotchev Ivaylo , Kubinyi Enikő , Turcsán Borbála 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Since many dog adoptions end with the dog being abandoned due to unmet expectations, it is important to know how certain demographic variables and previous experiences of the owners relate to the characteristics of the dog they are looking for. We asked Austrian dog owners about why they chose their dog in an online questionnaire. Based on their free-text responses, we examined how family structure, the role of the dog, and the owners' previous experience with dogs influenced what characteristics they indicated. Owners who had lived with other people/another dog when choosing a new animal were more thoughtful and often took on the animal with a predetermined purpose. People who lived alone/had no children/were previously dogless were more likely to take on an animal spontaneously on a whim, either because they felt sorry for it or because they fell in love with it. Appearance factors were more critical for first-time dog owners, while experienced owners were more likely to mention their intention to work or play sports with the animal in the future. The results point to factors which influence whether choosing a dog is done with proper reflection versus impulsively. This may carry important implications for animal welfare.
Research on M/M/1/WV Queuing System with Single Working Vacation
Authors: Huang Ziyu , Su Xuhan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the applications of queuing theory in working vacation state and normal busy state, then establish a M/M/1 queuing model with impatient customers and single working vacation. The model provides theoretical guidance for practical problems such as library reservation system.
In a queuing system, the customers' arrival follows Poisson distribution, while the service time is a negative exponential distribution. We consider the situation that there is a stationary distribution when the queuing system reaches steady state at any time. Using the constant variation method of differential equation (Bernoulli equation) to solve the stationary equation, the average queue length in two states of probability generation function is obtained.
Finally, we improve the model to acquire Q matrix of the single working vacation model, which can be used to calculate the average queue staying time of the system in two states. By construction and improvement of M/M/1/WV queuing models, ingenious proofs of three important theorems are given accordingly, which will definitely make a difference in many practical problems.
Assessing the pharmaceutical residues as hotspots of the main rivers of Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Domínguez-García Pol , Fernández-Ruano Laura , Báguena Judith , Cuadros Jordi , Canela Cristian Gómez 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The global increase in pharmaceutical consumption, driven by factors such as aging populations and chronic diseases, has raised concerns regarding the environmental impact of pharmaceutical contaminants (ECs). Europe, notably Catalonia in Spain, exhibits high pharmaceutical consumption rates, potentially exacerbating environmental contamination. Pharmaceuticals enter rivers through various pathways, persisting through wastewater treatment plants and posing risks to aquatic organisms and human health. Llobregat and Besòs rivers in Catalonia, crucial water sources, demonstrate detectable pharmaceutical levels, necessitating comprehensive analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) proves effective in detecting pharmaceutical residues, facilitating risk assessment. This paper reviews the occurrence, fate, and risks associated with 78 pharmaceuticals in Llobregat and Besòs rivers, utilizing HPLC-MS/MS for analysis. Understanding pharmaceutical impacts on Catalonian river ecosystems is essential for developing mitigation strategies.