bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partners in Regeneration: constructing a local regime for urban management?
Authors: Miller Chris 
Published: November 2007

English
In a world portrayed as diverse and complex, in which power is diffused, governance can be achieved only by building on formal inter-sectoral partnerships. These must involve all stakeholders including those previously excluded from decision making and will therefore present new challenges. Urban regeneration provides a good testing ground for evaluating such partnerships in action and their capacity to act as vehicles for building a new local power base. This article considers the dilemmas that arise from the introduction of the voluntary sector in formal partnerships. It argues that, based on such experiences, much needs to be achieved if effective local regimes are to emerge.
Participation and Democratic Renewal: from ‘instrumental’ to ‘communicative rationality’?
Authors: Sanderson Ian 
Published: November 2007

English
The renewal of local democracy was quickly established as a key priority by the Labour government in the UK following their election in May 1997, and this is seen as requiring an extension of democratic practice to foster more direct forms of participation. Traditional perspectives on the policy process embody a ‘technocratic’ conception of decision making which disempowers citizens. The expansion of ‘instrumental rationality’ in modern society has had profoundly anti-democratic implications, creating obstacles to citizen participation through the bureaucratisation of authority, professional and managerial power and expertise. ‘Communicative rationality’ provides an alternative basis for an institutional framework to promote effective citizen participation but genuine citizen empowerment is likely to require a radical approach which goes beyond institutional reform.
13C Magic angle spinning NMR evidence for a 15,15’-Z configuration of the spheroidene chromophore in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center; synthesis of 13C- and 2H-labelled spheroidenes
Authors: Gebhard R. , van der Hoef K. , Violette C. A. , de Groot H. J. M. , Frank Harry A. , Lugtenburg J. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Assessment of uncertainties in the projected concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (International Workshop, ECN, Petten, The Netherlands: 4-6 July 1990)
Authors: Slanina J. , Okken P. , Tans P. P. , Turner D. R. , Goudriaan J. , Esser G. , Edmonds J. , Akimoto H. , Grosse H.-J. , Ozer U. , Tang X. , Tavares T. M. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Isotopic and nuclear analytical techniques in biological systems: A critical survey
Authors: Kasprzak K. S. , Dencker L. , Larsson B. S. , d'Argy R. , Ullberg S. , Tjalve H. , Sigee D. C. , Randerath K. , Randerath E. , Ekins R. , Barrio J. R. , Vis R. D. , Liu Y. , Qu T. , Wang X. , Parak F. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Critical compilation of physical properties of short-lived intermediates: Carbenes and carbene analogues (Technical Report)
Authors: Nefedov O. M. , Egorov M. P. , Ioffe A. I. , Menchikov L. G. , Zuev P. S. , Minkin V. I. , Simkin B. Ya. , Glukhovstev M. N. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Very high frequency (135 GHz) EPR of the oxidized primary donor of the photosynthetic bacteria Rb. sphaeroides R-26 and Rps. viridis and of Y.D, (signal II) of plant photosystem II
Authors: Gulin V. I. , Dikanov S. A. , Tsvetkov Yu. D. , Evelo R. G. , Hoff A. J. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Applications of enzymes in the synthesis of bioactive polyols
Authors: Johnson C. R. , Adams J. P. , Bis S. J. , De Jong R. L. , Golebiowski Adam , Medich J. R. , Penning T. D. , Senanayake C. H. , Steensma D. H. , Van Zandt M. C. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A collection of experiments for teaching photochemistry (Technical Report)
Authors: Tokumaru K. , Coyle J. D. , Penn J. H. , Cox E. D. , Ebbesen T. W. , Burrows Hugh D. , Cardoso A. C. , Miguel M. G. , Formosinho S. J. , Hirayama S. , Kawahigashi M. , Kamiya I. , Sasaki M. , Nakamura K. , Fanghanel E. , Yanagida S. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Practical synthesis of carbohydrates based on aldolases and glycosyl transferases
Authors: Wong C.-H. , Ichikawa Y. , Kajimoto T. , Liu K. K.-C. , Shen G.-J. , Lin C.-H. , Wang Y.-F. , Dumas D. P. , Lin Y.-C. , Wang R. , Look G. C. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Straight, bent and twisted intramolecular charge separated states as seen by time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC)
Authors: Warman J. M. , Jonker S. A. , Schuddeboom W. , de Haas M. P. , Paddon-Row M. N. , Verhoeven J. W. , Zachariasse K. A. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Responses on 'Discovery of the transfermium elements' by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, California; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; and Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt followed by reply to responses by the Transfermium Working Group
Authors: Ghiorso Albert , Seaborg G. T. , Organessian Yu. Ts. , Zvara I. , Armbruster P. , Hessberger F. P. , Hofmann S. , Leino M. , Munzenberg G. , Reisdorf W. , Schmidt K.-H. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Exposure of Unionid Mussels to Electric Current: Assessing Risks Associated with Electrofishing
Authors: Holliman F. Michael , Kwak Thomas J. , Cope W. Gregory , Levine Jay F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractElectric current is routinely applied in freshwater for scientific sampling of fish populations (i.e., electrofishing). Freshwater mussels (families Margaritiferidae and Unionidae) are distributed worldwide, but their recent declines in diversity and abundance constitute an imperilment of global significance. Freshwater mussels are not targeted for capture by electrofishing, and any exposure to electric current is unintentional. The effects of electric shock are not fully understood for mussels but could disrupt vital physiological processes and represent an additional threat to their survival. In a controlled laboratory environment, we examined the consequences of exposure to two typical electrofishing currents, 60‐Hz pulsed DC and 60‐Hz AC, for the survival of adult and early life stages of three unionid species; we included fish as a quality control measure. The outcomes suggest that electrical exposure associated with typical electrofishing poses little direct risk to freshwater mussels. That is, adult mussel survival and righting behaviors (indicators of sublethal stress) were not adversely affected by electrical exposure. Glochidia (larvae that attach to and become parasites on fish gills or fins) showed minimal immediate reduction in viability after exposure. Metamorphosis from glochidia to free‐living juvenile mussels was not impaired after electric current simulated capture‐prone behaviors (stunning) in infested host fish. In addition, the short‐term survival of juvenile mussels was not adversely influenced by exposure to electric current. Any minimal risk to imperiled mussels must be weighed at the population level against the benefits gained by using the gear for scientific sampling of fish in the same waters. However, scientists sampling fish by electrofishing should be aware of mussel reproductive periods and processes in order to minimize the harmful effects to host fish, especially in areas where mussel conservation is a concern.
Suggestion of an Oral Hygiene Program for Orthodontic Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate: Findings of a Pilot Study
Authors: Brasil Juliana Marcelina Plácido , Pernambuco Renatade Almeida , Dalben Giseleda Silva 
Published: November 2007

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of an oral hygiene program for orthodontic patients with cleft lip and palate. Design: Retrospective pilot study. Setting: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, Brazil. Patients: One hundred twenty-two patients with complete cleft lip and palate undergoing orthodontic treatment. Interventions: Orientation on toothbrushing and flossing, plaque disclosure, and scoring according to an especially designed index. Main Outcome Measures: Statistical comparison of variation in plaque index between sessions; correlation of intervals between sessions and variation in plaque index. Results: Mean scores were reduced significantly, from 2.17 to 1.75 between first and second, 2.18 to 1.62 between first and third, and 1.93 to 1.62 between second and third sessions. Plaque reduction was inversely proportional to the time interval. Conclusions: The program demonstrated a significant plaque reduction. The highest reduction between the first and second sessions reveals the need to reinforce the initial instructions at all sessions. The greatest reduction observed at shorter intervals highlights the need for regular follow up. More controlled studies on larger samples should be encouraged to evaluate the validity of the index and the efficacy of similar programs worldwide.
Association of MSX1 with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in a Colombian Population
Authors: Otero Liliana , Gutiérrez Sandra , Cháves Margarita , Vargas C. , Bérmudez Luis 
Published: November 2007

Objective: To evaluate the association between MSX1 CA polymorphism and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) in a group of patients from Operation Smile Colombia. Design: Four alleles from MSX1 CA microsatellite sequence were analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out. The amplifications were performed by Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) in ABI PRISM 310 genetic analyzer. Chi-square and odds ratio tests were used to determine the association between genotype frequencies and the risk to the cleft lip/palate in a Colombian group population. Setting: Operation Smile Colombia. Participants: Ninety-four affected patients (49 men and 45 women with CL±P) and 93 control individuals (43 men and 50 women). Results: A significant statistical difference (p < .0106) was found between the patients who carried allele 3 and CL±P. In addition, allele 4 (heterozygous and homozygous form) was the most frequent in CL±P (74%) patients and in the control group (82%). Conclusions: These findings show a positive association between the MSX1 CA polymorphism and CL±P in a Colombian group population.
A Tale of Two Systems: Beliefs and Practices of South African Muslim and Hindu Traditional Healers regarding Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Ross Eleanor 
Published: November 2007

Objectives: This South African study compared the views of 15 Muslim and 8 Hindu traditional healers regarding the etiology and treatment of craniofacial clefts, reasons for people consulting with them, and collaboration with Western professionals. Data Analysis: The original data were collected via individual interviews. Secondary data analysis was conducted to highlight common themes. Results: Four Hindu and 12 Muslim healers believed that the condition was God sent. Both groups acknowledged the existence of various superstitions within their communities. For example, if a pregnant woman handled a sharp object during an eclipse, her infant could be born with a cleft. All Hindu healers also attributed clefts to karma. All the Muslim healers counseled patients and families. Fourteen referred people for medical help, 10 emphasized the importance of prayer, and 3 recommended the wearing of amulets containing a prayer. No Hindu healers provided direct treatment. Three advised parents to fast, six arranged fire and purification ceremonies in the temples, and three consulted the person's astrological chart to dispel any bad karma. Both groups of healers advised people to give to charity. Eight Hindu healers and eight Muslim healers believed that people consulted with them because of cultural influences and because they alleviated feelings of guilt. Four Hindu and 13 Muslim healers favored collaboration with Western practitioners. Conclusions: Findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive rehabilitation practices, collaboration, referrals, and information sharing between Eastern and Western health care practitioners.
Functional Outcomes of Cleft Lip Surgery. Part I: Study Design and Surgeon Ratings of Lip Disability and Need for Lip Revision
Authors: Trotman Carroll-Ann , Phillips Ceib , Essick Greg K. , Faraway Julian J. , Barlow Steven M. , Losken H. Wolfgang , van Aalst John , Rogers Lyna 
Published: November 2007

Objective: Children with a cleft of the upper lip exhibit obvious facial disfigurement. Many require multiple lip surgeries for an optimal esthetic result. However, because the decision for lip revision is based on subjective clinical criteria, clinicians may disagree on whether these surgeries should be performed. To establish more reliable, functionally relevant outcome criteria for evaluation and treatment planning, a clinical trial currently is in progress. In this article, the design of the clinical trial is described and results of a study on subjective evaluations of facial form by surgeons for or against the need for lip revision surgery are presented. Design: Parallel, three-group, nonrandomized clinical trial and subjective evaluations/ratings of facial views by surgeons. Subjects: For the clinical trial, children with repaired cleft lip and palate scheduled for a secondary lip revision, children with repaired cleft lip and palate who did not have lip revision, and noncleft children. For the subjective evaluations, surgeons’ facial ratings of 21 children with repaired cleft lip. Analysis: Descriptive and Kappa statistics assessing the concordance of surgeons’ ratings of (a) repeated facial views and (b) a recommendation of revision on viewing the prerevision and postrevision views. Results: The surgeons’ consistency in rating repeated views was moderate to excellent; however, agreement among the surgeons when rating individual participants was low to moderate. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the agreement among surgeons was poor and support the need for more objective measures to assess the need for revision surgery.
Functional Outcomes of Cleft Lip Surgery. Part II: Quantification of Nasolabial Movement
Authors: Trotman Carroll-Ann , Faraway Julian J. , Losken H. Wolfgang , van Aalst John A. 
Published: November 2007

Objective: To explore nasolabial movements in participants with repaired cleft lip and palate. Design: A parallel, three-group, nonrandomized clinical trial. Subjects: Group 1 = 31 participants with a cleft lip slated for revision surgery (revision), group 2 = 32 participants with a cleft lip who did not have surgery (nonrevision), and group 3 = 37 noncleft control participants. Methods: Three-dimensional movements were assessed using a video-based tracking system that captured movement of 38 landmarks placed at specific sites on the face during instructed maximum smile, cheek puff, lip purse, mouth opening, and natural smile. Measurements were made at two time points at least 1 week and no greater than 3 months apart. Summary measurements were generated for the magnitude of upper lip, lower lip, and lower jaw movements and the asymmetry of upper lip movement. Separate regression models were fitted to each of the summary measurements. Results: Lateral movements of the upper lip were greater than vertical movements. Relative to the noncleft group, the revision and nonrevision groups demonstrated 6% to 28% less upper lip movements, with the smiles having the most restriction in movement and greater asymmetry of upper lip movement. Having an alveolar bone graft further increased the asymmetry, while a bilateral cleft lip decreased the asymmetry. Lower jaw movement caused a small increase in upper lip movement. Conclusions: The objective measurement of movement may be used as an outcome measure for cleft lip surgery.
Multiple Mesoderm Subsets Give Rise to Endothelial Cells, Whereas Hematopoietic Cells Are Differentiated Only from a Restricted Subset in Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation Culture
Authors: Era Takumi , Izumi Naoki , Hayashi Misato , Tada Shinsuke , Nishikawa Satomi , Nishikawa Shin-Ichi 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
In the developing mouse, vascular endothelial cell (EC) and hematopoietic cell (HPC) lineages are two initial cell lineages that diverge from mesodermal cells, which have been roughly subdivided into three subtypes according to their geographical location: the organizer, embryonic mesoderm in the primitive streak, and extraembryonic mesoderm during gastrulation. Although the initial progenitors that become the two lineages appear in both vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2+ (VEGFR2+) lateral and extraembryonic mesoderm, little is known about the underlying molecular events that regulate the derivation of ECs and HPCs. Here, we describe an experimental system consisting of two types of embryonic stem cell lines capable of distinguishing between organizer and the middle section of the primitive streak region. Using this system, we were able to establish a defined culture condition that can separately induce distinct types of mesoderm. Although we were able to differentiate ECs from all mesoderm subsets, however, the potential of HPCs was restricted to the VEGFR2+ cells derived from primitive streak-type mesodermal cells. We also show that the culture condition for the progenitors of primitive erythrocytes is separated from that for the progenitors of definitive erythrocytes. These results suggest the dominant role of extrinsic regulation during diversification of mesoderm.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Direct Development of Functionally Mature Tryptase/Chymase Double-Positive Connective Tissue-Type Mast Cells from Primate Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Ma Feng , Kambe Naotomo , Wang Dan , Shinoda Gen , Fujino Hisanori , Umeda Katsutsugu , Fujisawa Akihiro , Ma Lina , Suemori Hirofumi , Nakatsuji Norio , Miyachi Yoshiki , Torii Ryuzo , Tsuji Kohichiro , Heike Toshio , Nakahata Tatsutoshi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractConditions that influence the selective development or recruitment of connective tissue-type and mucosal-type mast cells (MCs) are not well understood. Here, we report that cynomolgus monkey embryonic stem (ES) cells cocultured with the murine aorta-gonad-mesonephros-derived stromal cell line AGM-S1 differentiated into cobblestone (CS)-like cells by day 10–15. When replated onto fresh AGM-S1 with the addition of stem cell factor, interleukin-6, and Flt3 ligand, these CS-like cells displayed robust growth and generated almost 100% tryptase/chymase double-positive MCs within 3 weeks. At all time points, the percentage of tryptase-positive cells did not exceed that of chymase-positive cells. These ES-derived MCs were CD45+/Kit+/CD31+/CD203c+/HLA-DR− and coexpressed a high-affinity IgE receptor on their surface, which was upregulated after IgE exposure. Electron microscopy showed that they contained many electron dense granules. Moreover, ES-derived MCs responded to stimulation by via IgE and substance P by releasing histamine. These results indicate that ES-derived MCs have the phenotype of functionally mature connective tissue-type MCs. The rapid maturation of ES-derived MCs suggests a unique embryonic pathway in primates for early development of connective tissue-type MCs, which may be independent from the developmental pathway of mucosal-type MCs.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Serum Vaspin Concentrations in Human Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Youn Byung-Soo , Klöting Nora , Kratzsch Jürgen , Lee Namseok , Park Ji Woo , Song Eun-Sun , Ruschke Karen , Oberbach Andreas , Fasshauer Mathias , Stumvoll Michael , Blüher Matthias 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE— Vaspin was identified as an adipokine with insulin-sensitizing effects, which is predominantly secreted from visceral adipose tissue in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. We have recently shown that vaspin mRNA expression in adipose tissue is related to parameters of obesity and glucose metabolism. However, the regulation of vaspin serum concentrations in human obesity and type 2 diabetes is unknown.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— For the measurement of vaspin serum concentrations, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using this ELISA, we assessed circulating vaspin in a cross-sectional study of 187 subjects with a wide range of obesity, body fat distribution, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance and in 60 individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or type 2 diabetes before and after a 4-week physical training program.
RESULTS— Vaspin serum concentrations were significantly higher in female compared with male subjects. There was no difference in circulating vaspin between individuals with NGT and type 2 diabetes. In the normal glucose-tolerant group, circulating vaspin significantly correlated with BMI and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, physical training for 4 weeks resulted in significantly increased circulating vaspin levels.
CONCLUSIONS— We found a sexual dimorphism in circulating vaspin. Elevated vaspin serum concentrations are associated with obesity and impaired insulin sensitivity, whereas type 2 diabetes seems to abrogate the correlation between increased circulating vaspin, higher body weight, and decreased insulin sensitivity. Low circulating vaspin correlates with a high fitness level, whereas physical training in untrained individuals causes increased vaspin serum concentrations.
Reproductive Performance of Patients with Gestational Trophoblastic Disease in Hong Kong
Authors: Ngan Hextan Y.S. , Wong L. C. , Ma H. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe reproductive performance of 110 patients who had had gestational tropho‐blastic disease was reviewed. There were 160 pregnancies and their outcomes were sirniliar to that of the general population. The subfertility rate was also comparable to the general population. The high rate of failure of contraception resulting in a high rate of conception during the first year of follow‐up warrants special attention. Reasons for the high failure rate and ways of prevention are discussed. Reasons for the deliberate delay in attempts to conceive in patients after the full year of postmolar human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) surveillance were explored.
The Oral Contraceptive User
Authors: Lidegaard øjvind , Overgaard Karsten , Hauch Ole 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe use of oral contraceptives (OC) has been correlated to several diseases, primarily thromboembolic conditions. Whether these correlations represent a causal relationship or a mere statistical correlation based on other variables, depends on whether users of OC differ in other respects from women in fertile age not using OC. We interviewed 519 Danish women, 15‐45 years old and selected at random, concerning present and past use of OC, age, occupation, years of schooling, marital status, income, smoking habits, urbanization, and their opinion on the postulated thrombotic risk among users of OC. The data were analysed by methods for multivariate contingency tables.Opinions on the thrombotic risk, age, smoking habits and, to a lesser degree, regarding income, were directly correlated to the oral contraceptive use. There was no direct interaction between the use of OC and the other variables. Users of OC were younger and smoked more than the non‐users and were of the opinion that the use of OC implied only minor thrombotic risk, or none at all.