bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXAFS Studies about the Sorption of Cadmium Ions on Montmorillonite
Authors: Takamatsu Rieko , Asakura Kiyotaka , Chun Wang-Jae , Miyazaki Tsuyoshi , Nakano Masashi 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
We investigated local structures around cadmium (Cd) sorbed on montmorillonite at various pH values by EXAFS (extend X-ray absorption fine structure). We found two sorption types, an outer-sphere complex and a surface precipitate. The outer-sphere complex was mainly formed at a lower pH which had an identical structure to aqueous Cd2+, while the surface precipitate was found at high pH which had a one-layer Cd5(OH)8(NO3)2(H2O)2-like structure.
Photocatalytic Decomposition of Environmentally Persistent Perfluorooctanoic Acid
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhang Pengyi , Zhang Li 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid was photocatalytically decomposed by using TiO2/Ni–Cu, and a small bias potential (−0.1 V) applied on TiO2/Ni–Cu electrode greatly enhanced its decomposition.
Psychological Contract Violation in Online Marketplaces: Antecedents, Consequences, and Moderating Role
Authors: Pavlou Paul A. , Gefen David 
Published: January 2006

This study examines the nature and role of Psychological Contract Violation (PCV) in online marketplaces, a critical factor that has been largely overlooked by previous research. Applied to buyer-seller relationships, PCV is defined as a buyer’s perception of having being treated wrongly regarding the terms of an exchange agreement with an individual seller. PCV with individual sellers is proposed as a formative first-order construct driven by the occurrence of fraud, product misrepresentation, contract default, delivery delay, and failure to follow product guarantees and payment policies. PCV with an individual seller is proposed to prompt a generalized perception of PCV with the entire community of sellers in a marketplace. PCV with the community of sellers is hypothesized to negatively affect buyer transaction behavior in a marketplace by directly impacting transaction intentions, price premiums, trust, perceived risk, and the perceived effectiveness of institutional structures. PCV is also hypothesized to act as a moderator, transforming the buyers’ initial trust-based mindset to one more centered on perceived risk. Finally, PCV is hypothesized to attenuate the positive impact of trust on transaction intentions, while reinforcing the negative impact of perceived risk on transaction intentions. It is also proposed to attenuate the impact of the perceived effectiveness of institutional structures on trust, while strengthening its negative effect on perceived risk. As a means of preventing PCV, the buyers’ positive experience and the sellers’ favorable past performance are hypothesized to make PCV with the community of sellers less likely. A combination of primary and secondary longitudinal data from 404 buyers in eBay’s and Amazon’s online auctions support the proposed hypotheses, validating PCV as a central element of buyer-seller relationships in online marketplaces. Interestingly, ex post facto results show that buyers with higher perceptions of PCV with the community of sellers are less likely to experience PCV with an individual seller in the future. Implications for buyer-seller relationships in online marketplaces and the PCV literature are discussed. Also discussed is how the increasing number of buyers who experience PCV in online marketplaces extends the literature that has been largely developed based on buyers who had not experienced PCV.
Fluid Queues with Heavy-Tailed M/G/∞ Input
Authors: Borst Sem , Zwart Bert 
Published: January 2006

We consider a fluid queue fed by several heterogeneous M/G/∞ input processes with regularly varying session lengths. Under fairly mild assumptions, we derive the exact asymptotic behavior of the stationary workload distribution. In addition, we obtain several asymptotic results for the transient workload distribution, which are applied to obtain a conditional limit theorem for the most probable time to overflow. The results are strongly inspired by the large-deviations idea that overflow is typically due to some minimal combination of extremely long concurrent sessions causing positive drift. The typical configuration of long sessions is identified through a simple integer program, paving the way for the exact computation of the asymptotic workload behavior. The calculations provide crucial insight in the typical overflow scenario.
The Role of Applied Potential on Environment-Assisted Cracking of Zirconium Alloys
Authors: Roy AK , Valliyil U , Govindaraj E 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4 have been tested by the slow-strain-rate technique at ambient and elevated temperatures in an acidic environment relevant to the proposed geologic repository at the Yucca Mountain site. Tests were performed with and without cathodic and anodic applied potentials. The results of stress corrosion cracking testing without applied potentials indicate that the ductility of both alloys was enhanced in terms of percent elongation, percent reduction in area, failure strain, and the time-to-failure with increasing temperature indicating improved ductility. However, the magnitude of true failure stress was gradually reduced at higher testing temperatures. The application of anodic and cathodic controlled potentials during slow-strain-rate testing enhanced the cracking susceptibility of both alloys showing more pronounced effect at anodic applied potentials. The corrosion potential for both alloys, became more active at the elevated temperature. The morphology of failure at cathodic potentials was ductile, showing dimpled microstructure. However, transgranular brittle failure was observed with both alloys at anodic controlled potentials.
Plasma Assisted Heat Treating Processes of Bearing Components
Authors: Beer O 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Plasma surface-engineering technologies show several advantages over conventional surface engineering. In this paper the basic properties of a glow discharge plasma process and the way it is used for industrial applications is demonstrated via plasma nitriding and plasma carburizing of bearing parts. Plasma nitriding was applied for duplex hardening (DH) of bearing parts made from M50 and M50 NiL material. The influence of the process parameters on hardness profile and microstructure of the diffusion layer formed during nitriding is shown. By metallurgical evaluation of many specimens, located at different positions in the furnace, the uniformity of the process is demonstrated. Results of several rig tests show the superiority of the nitrided bearings but also confirm the importance of close control of the nitriding process. Plasma carburizing processes were applied on bearing parts made from M50 NiL material. The mechanical and thermo chemical pre-treatment of the surface can be replaced by an initial sputtering which improves the reliability of the process. Hardness profiles, microstructure, and residual stress profiles of the carburized zone are comparable to those from gas carburizing.
Does Framing Matter for Conditional Cooperation? Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment
Authors: Meier Stephan 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Framing a decision situation differently has affected behavior substantially in previous studies. This paper tests a framing effect in a field experiment at the University of Zurich. Each semester, every student has to decide whether to contribute to two social funds. Students were randomly informed that a high percentage of the student population contributed (or, equivalently, that a low percentage did not contribute), while others received the information that a relatively low percentage contributed (or a high percentage did not contribute).The results show the influence of framing effects is limited. People behave in a conditional cooperative way if informed either about the number of contributors or about the equivalent number of non-contributors. The positive correlation between group behavior and individual behavior is, however, weaker when the focus is on the defectors. The field experiment also shows gender differences in social comparison.
Use of the distomedial-proximolateral oblique radiographic view of the elbow joint for examination of the medial coronoid process in dogs
Authors: Haudiquet Philippe R. , Marcellin-Little Denis J. , Stebbins Martha E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To describe and evaluate a new radiographic view of the elbow joint in dogs that would potentially enhance observation of the medial coronoid process (MCP).Sample Population—20 cadaver limbs from 10 dogs and clinical examination of 100 elbow joints of 53 dogs.Procedure—Twenty elbow joints from 10 cadavers were imaged by use of mediolateral, flexed mediolateral, craniocaudal, craniolateral-caudomedial oblique (Cr15L-CdMO), and distomedial-proximolateral oblique (Di35M-PrLO) radiographic views before and after placement of 3 lead pellets placed on the cranial, medial, and craniodistal aspect of the MCP. Three examiners independently reviewed these radiographs. One hundred elbow joints of 53 dogs with forelimb lameness and signs of pain elicited on palpation of the elbow joint were examined. These joints were radiographed and treated by use of arthroscopy. Three examiners independently graded the radiographs.Results—The MCP was identified on all Di35M-PrLO views made during the anatomic study. The Di35M-PrLO view had the largest area under the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve for detection of abnormalities of the MCP. Fractured and nonfractured MCP could only be significantly differentiated on Di35M-PrLO and mediolateral views. The Di35M-PrLO view had a higher agreement between examiners than other radiographic views for detection of fractures of the MCP.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—The Di35M-PrLO view enhances the identification of anomalies and fragmentation of the MCP in dogs, compared with other radiographic views. The Di35M-PrLO view may be of benefit for early screening of dogs potentially affected with elbow dysplasia. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1000–1005)
Effects of medetomidine-midazolam, midazolambutorphanol, or acepromazine-butorphanol as premedicants for mask induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane in dogs
Authors: Mutoh Tatsushi , Nishimura Ryohei , Sasaki Nobuo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To characterize the effects of medetomidine- midazolam, midazolam-butorphanol, or acepromazine- butorphanol as premedicants for mask induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane in dogs.Animals—10 healthy Beagles.Procedure—The following premedicants were administered intramuscularly: medetomidine-midazolam (20 µg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively), midazolambutorphanol (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively), and acepromazine-butorphanol (0.05 and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively). Saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.1 ml/kg) was administered intramuscularly as a control. Anesthesia was induced in each dog with sevoflurane in a 100% O2at a flow rate of 4 L/min developed by a facemask. Vaporizer settings were increased by 0.8% at 15-second intervals until the value corresponding to 4.8% sevoflurane was achieved. Time to onset and cessation of involuntary movements, loss of the palpebral reflex, negative response to tail-clamp stimulation, and endotracheal intubation were recorded, and the cardiopulmonary variables were measured.Results—Mask induction with sevoflurane in dogs that received each premedicant resulted in a shorter induction time and milder changes in heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and respiratory rate, compared with mask induction without premedicants. Treatment with medetomidine-midazolam resulted in a shorter and smoother induction, compared with acepromazine-butorphanol or midazolambutorphanol treatment, whereas the cardiovascular changes were greater. Cardiopulmonary variables of dogs during induction following treatment with acepromazine- butorphanol or midazolam-butorphanol were maintained close to the anesthetic maintenance values for sevoflurane, with the exception of mild hypotension that was observed in dogs following acepromazine-butorphanol treatment.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—In dogs use of premedicants provides a smoother and better quality mask induction with sevoflurane. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1022–1028)
Quantitative genetics of traits associated with hip dysplasia in a canine pedigree constructed by mating dysplastic Labrador Retrievers with unaffected Greyhounds
Authors: Bliss Stuart , Todhunter Rory J. , Quaas Richard , Casella George , Wu Rongling , Lust George , Williams Alma Jo , Hamilton Samuel , Dykes Nathan L. , Yeager Amy , Gilbert Robert O. , Burton-Wurster Nancy I. , Acland Gregory M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the genetic influence on expression of traits associated with canine hip dysplasia.Animals—193 dogs from an experimental canine pedigree.Procedure—An experimental canine pedigree was developed for linkage analysis of hip dysplasia by mating dysplastic Labrador Retrievers with nondysplastic Greyhounds. A statistical model was designed to test the effects of Labrador Retriever and Greyhound alleles on age at detection of femoral capital epiphyseal ossification, 8-month distraction index, and 8-month dorsolateral subluxation score.Results—The additive effect was significant for age at detection of femoral capital epiphyseal ossification. Restricted maximum likelihood estimates (± SD) for this trait were 6.4 ± 1.95, 10.2 ± 2.0, 10.8 ± 3.1, 11.4 ± 2.1, and 13.6 ± 4.6 days of age for Greyhounds, Greyhound backcross dogs, F1dogs, Labrador Retriever backcross dogs, and Labrador Retrievers, respectively. The additive effect was also significant for the distraction index. Estimates for this trait were 0.21 ± 0.07, 0.29 ± 0.15, 0.44 ± 0.12, 0.52 ± 0.18, and 0.6 ± 0.17 for the same groups, respectively. For the dorsolateral subluxation score, additive and dominance effects were significant. Estimates for this trait were 73.5 ± 4.1, 71.3 ± 6.5, 69.1 ± 6.0, 50.6 ± 12.9, and 48.4 ± 7.7%, respectively, for the same groups.Conclusions—In this canine pedigree, traits associated with canine hip dysplasia are heritable. Phenotypic differences exist among founder dogs of each breed and their crosses. This pedigree should be useful for identification of quantitative trait loci underlying the dysplastic phenotype. (Am J Vet Res2002;63: 1029–1035)
Plasma and urine electrolyte and mineral concentrations in Thoroughbred horses with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis after consumption of diets varying in cation-anion balance
Authors: McKenzie Erica C. , Valberg Stephanie J. , Godden Sandra M. , Pagan Joe D. , Carlson Gary P. , MacLeay Jennifer M. , DeLaCorte Flavio D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether plasma, urine, and fecal electrolyte and mineral concentrations differ between clinically normal horses and Thoroughbreds with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER) after consumption of diets varying in cation-anion balance.Animals—5 Thoroughbred mares with RER and 6 clinically normal mixed-breed mares.Procedure—Each of 3 isocaloric diets designated as low, medium, and high on the basis of dietary cationanion balance (DCAB) values of 85, 190, and 380, respectively, were fed to horses for 14 days. During the last 72 hours, 3 horses with RER and 3 control horses had daily urine and fecal samples obtained by total 24-hour collection. Remaining horses had urine samples collected daily by single catheterization.Results—For each diet, no differences existed between horses with RER and control horses in plasma pH, electrolyte concentrations, and creatine kinase activity or in urine pH and renal fractional excretion (FE) values. Plasma pH, strong ion difference, bicarbonate and total carbon dioxide concentrations, and base excess decreased and plasma chloride and ionized calcium concentrations increased with decreasing DCAB. Urine pH decreased with decreasing DCAB. The FE of chloride and phosphorus were greatest for horses fed the low diet. The FE values for all electrolytes exept magnesium did not differ between urine samples obtained by single catheterization and total 24-hour collection. Daily balance of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chloride, and potassium did not differ significantly among horses fed the various diets.Conclusions—In clinically normal horses and in horses with RER, the DCAB strongly affects plasma and urine pH and the FE of sodium, potassium, chloride, and phosphorus. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1053–1060)
Safety and efficacy of a technique for thoracoscopically guided pulmonary wedge resection in horses
Authors: Lugo Joel , Stick John A. , Peroni John , Harkema Jack R. , Derksen Frederik J. , Robinson N. Edward 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the safety and efficacy of thoracoscopically guided pulmonary wedge resection in horses.Animals—10 horses (5 control horses and 5 horses affected with recurrent airway obstruction [ie, heaves]).Procedure—Each horse underwent a thoracoscopically guided pulmonary wedge resection. Before, during, and after surgery, heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood gases, and systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures were measured. Physical examination, CBC, and thoracic radiography and ultrasonography were performed 24 hours before and 2 and 48 hours after surgery. Pulmonary specimens were assessed by histologic examination. A second thoracoscopic procedure 14 days later was used to evaluate the resection site.Results—The technique provided excellent specimens for histologic evaluation of the lung. Heart and respiratory rates decreased significantly after horses were administered sedatives. A significant transient decrease in PaO2was detected immediately after pulmonary wedge resection, but we did not detect significant effects on arterial pH, Paco2, or mean arterial and pulmonary arterial pressures. All horses except 1 were clinically normal after thoracoscopic surgery; that horse developed hemothorax attributable to iatrogenic injury to the diaphragm. The second thoracoscopy revealed minimal inflammation, and there were no adhesions.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Thoracoscopically guided pulmonary wedge resection provides a minimally invasive method for use in obtaining specimens of lung tissues from healthy horses and those with lung disease. This technique may be useful for the diagnosis of diseases of the lungs and thoracic cavity. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1232–1240)
Cardiovascular effects of a high dose of romifidine in propofol-anesthetized cats
Authors: Muir William W. , Gadawski Jennifer E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective— To determine the hemodynamic effects of IM administration of romifidine hydrochloride in propofol-anesthetized cats.Animals—15 adult domestic shorthair cats.Procedure—Cats were randomly assigned to receive romifidine (0, 400, or 2,000 µg/kg, IM). Cats were anesthetized with propofol and mechanically ventilated with oxygen. The right jugular vein, left carotid artery, and right femoral artery and vein were surgically isolated and catheterized. Heart rate; duration of the PR, QRS, and QT intervals; mean pulmonary artery pressure; mean right atrial pressure; systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures; left ventricular systolic pressure; left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; and cardiac output were monitored. Systemic vascular resistance, rate of change of left ventricular pressure, and rate pressure product were calculated. Arterial and venous blood samples were collected anaerobically for determination of pH and blood gas tensions (PO2and PCO2).Results—Administration of romifidine at 400 and 2,000 µg/kg, IM, decreased heart rate, cardiac output, rate of change of left ventricular pressure, rate pressure product, and pH. Arterial and pulmonary artery pressures, left ventricular pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and right atrial pressure increased and then gradually returned to baseline values. Arterial blood gas values did not change, whereas venous PCO2increased and venous PO2decreased. Significant differences between low and high dosages were rare, suggesting that the dosages investigated produced maximal hemodynamic effects.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Romifidine produces cardiovascular effects that are similar to those of other α2-agonists. High dosages of romifidine should be used with caution in cats with cardiovascular compromise. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1241–1246)
Direct measurement of intracranial pressure in adult horses
Authors: Brosnan Robert J. , LeCouteur Richard A. , Steffey Eugene P. , Imai Ayako , Kortz Gregg D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To develop a method for surgical placement of a commercial microsensor intracranial pressure (ICP) transducer and to characterize normal ICP and cerebral perfusion pressures (CPP) in conscious adult horses.Animals—6 healthy castrated male adult horses (1 Holsteiner, 1 Quarter Horse, and 4 Thoroughbreds).Procedure—Anesthesia was induced and maintained by use of isoflurane as the sole agent. Catheters were inserted percutaneously into the jugular vein and carotid artery. A microsensor ICP transducer was inserted in the subarachnoid space by means of right parietal craniotomy. The burr hole was then sealed with bone wax, the surgical incision was sutured, and the transducer was secured in place. Measurements were collected 1 hour after horses were able to stand during recovery from anesthesia.Results—Mean ± SD values for ICP and CPP were 2 ± 4 and 102 ± 26 mm Hg, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—This report describes a relatively facile technique for obtaining direct and accurate ICP measurements for adult horses. The ICP values obtained in this study are within reference ranges established for other species and provide a point of reference for the diagnosis of abnormal ICP in adult horses. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1252–1256)
Evaluation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and cathepsin K in ruptured cranial cruciate ligaments in dogs
Authors: Muir Peter , Hayashi Kei , Manley Paul A. , Colopy Sara A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine localization of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K in ruptured and healthy cranial cruciate ligaments (CCL) in dogs.Animals—30 dogs with ruptured CCL, 8 aged dogs without ruptured CCL, and 9 young dogs without ruptured CCL.Procedure—The CCL was examined histologically and cells containing TRAP and cathepsin K were identified histochemically and immunohistochemically, respectively.Results—Cathepsin K and TRAP were detected within the same cells, principally within the epiligamentous region and to a lesser extent in the core region of ruptured CCL. Numbers of cells containing TRAP and cathepsin K were significantly greater in ruptured CCL, compared with CCL from young or aged dogs, and numbers of such cells were greater in CCL from aged dogs, compared with those of young dogs. In aged dogs, small numbers of cells containing TRAP and cathepsin K were seen in intact CCL associated with ligament fascicles in which there was chondroid transformation of ligament fibroblasts and disruption of the extracellular matrix.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Ruptured CCL contain greater numbers of cells with the proteinases TRAP and cathepsin K than CCL from healthy, young, or aged dogs. Results suggest that cell-signaling pathways that regulate expression of these proteinases may form part of the mechanism that leads to upregulation of collagenolytic ligament remodeling and progressive structural failure of the CCL over time. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1279–1284).