bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical outcomes of vital intact teeth close to large cystic lesions of endodontic origin: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Erovigni Francesco , Bosso Ilaria , Alovisi Mario , Mela Luca , Bianchi Lorenzo , Bobba Ilaria , Migliaretti Giuseppe , Bianchi Caterina Chiara , Pasqualini Damiano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the indication of the endodontic treatment for vital intact teeth with the root apex involved in large radicular cystic lesions of endodontic origin.MethodologyThis prospective cohort study enrolled healthy participants with radicular cysts of endodontic origin and with the root apex of vital intact teeth involved in the bone defect, as determined by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Thirty‐two sound vital teeth were analysed by thermal (TPT) and electric pulp tests (EPT) before surgery (T0) and 1 week (T1), 2 weeks (T2), 3 months (T3) and 6 months (T4) post‐surgery. Student's t‐test (p < .05) was used to compare the EPT values at baseline and T4. anova (p < .05) was used to analyse the EPT variations for all maxillary and mandibular teeth. McNemar test (p < .05) was used to compare the results according to variation in EPT values gathering by variation, no variation and no response.ResultsAt T1, 75 and 65.7% of teeth responded positively whilst 25 and 34.3% did not respond to EPT and TPT, respectively. The variation of the EPT values between T0 and T1 was observed for 50.0% of teeth, whilst no variation was noticed in 25.0% of teeth. At T4, 90.6 and 87.5% of teeth responded positively whilst 9.4 and 12.5% did not respond to EPT and TPT, respectively. At T4, variation of the EPT values between T0 and T4 was observed for 28.1%, whilst no variation was noticed in 62.5% of teeth. There were no statistical differences in EPT results between T0 and T4 (p > .05), but significant differences were observed for EPT values between T1 and T4 (p < .05), and between mandibular and maxillary teeth. The pulp sensibility of maxillary teeth worsened after surgery, before reverting progressively to T0 values, whilst no statistically significant differences were observed for mandibular teeth at the different time points.ConclusionsThese data support the inconsistence of the prophylactic endodontic treatment in healthy vital teeth with apex involvement in large cystic lesions of endodontic origin. Post‐surgery follow‐up with TPT and EPT is recommended to assess pulp status.
Sequential therapy with topical clobetasol for 14 days followed by hydroquinone versus hydroquinone alone in facial melasma treatment: a randomized, double‐blind, controlled clinical trial
Authors: de Amorim Rebecca P. , Barbosa Mayla M. C. , Cassiano Daniel P. , Esposito Ana C. C. , Dias Marina O. , de Abreu Ana F. T. , Bagatin Ediléia , Miot Hélio A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundClobetasol has demonstrated remarkable results in treating melasma within a short time frame; however, its use is limited because of the risk of local side effects. To date, there is no controlled trial on sequential clobetasol/hydroquinone for melasma. This study aimed to investigate the tolerability and efficacy of 0.05% clobetasol followed by 4% hydroquinone (CLOB‐HQ) in comparison to the isolated use of 4% hydroquinone (HQ).MethodsA double‐blinded, randomized clinical trial involving 50 women with facial melasma was performed. They were directed to apply 0.05% clobetasol every night for 14 days, followed by 4% hydroquinone for 46 days (CLOB‐HQ group), or the use of hydroquinone for 60 days (HQ group). Evaluations were carried out at inclusion, and after 14 and 60 days of treatment, measuring modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI), Melasma Quality of Life scale (MELASQoL), and colorimetry. The Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) was assessed by a blinded evaluator.ResultsThere was no difference in the main outcomes at D14 and D60 (P > 0.1). For CLOB‐HQ, the mean (CI 95%) reduction in mMASI was 13.2% (5.1–21.3%) and 43.1% (32.2–54.0%) at D14 and D60, and for HQ, they were 10.6% (5.9–27.5%) and 44.8% (33.2–52.3%). The MELASQoL, colorimetric luminosity, and GAIS showed a progressive improvement for both groups despite no difference between them. No severe side effects were identified. No cases of telangiectasias, atrophy, or perioral dermatitis were associated with the use of CLOB.ConclusionThe sequential CLOB‐HQ regimen was safe and well tolerated, even though its efficacy was not different from HQ after 14 or 60 days of treatment. Based on these findings, the use of clobetasol 14 days before hydroquinone is not advisable for the treatment of melasma.
Examining the influence of item exposure and retrieval practice effects on test performance in a large‐scale workforce development training programme
Authors: Anyidoho Philomina Abena , Berenbon Rebecca , McHugh Bridget 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany workforce development training programmes use learning gains as a measure of programme effectiveness. However, research on K‐12 education suggests that posttest scores may be influenced by pretesting effects. Pretesting may improve posttest performance by giving learners preknowledge of posttest content. Alternatively, pretesting may enhance learning via the retrieval practice effect. Cross‐classified analysis was used to detect pretesting effects in archival data from a large‐scale agriculture workforce development programme. Data included scores from 14,302 learners, 352 trainers and 261 training centres. Results indicated that pretesting led to higher scores on posttests. Follow‐up logistic regression analyses found no effect for time lag between pretest and posttest. In addition, pretested learners did not perform better on items that were included on both forms, suggesting that score differences were due to retrieval practice effects rather than preknowledge of posttest content. These results provide evidence that pretesting may enhance learning in large‐scale workforce development training courses.
Politiques préférentielles en matière d'emploi et performances des entreprises: l'exemple des entreprises publiques indiennes
Authors: JAIN Ritika , ABRAHAM Vinoj 
Published: February 2024

RésuméLes auteurs examinent l'effet des quotas d'emplois sur les performances des entreprises publiques indiennes. Utilisant des données sur les entreprises détenues par l'administration fédérale se rapportant à la période 2014–2017, ils mobilisent des méthodes par variables instrumentales et constatent que les quotas améliorent les performances de l'entreprise lorsqu'ils sont appliqués à tous les niveaux de la hiérarchie. Leurs résultats révèlent aussi que les catégories sociales visées par la discrimination positive sont surreprésentées au bas de la hiérarchie et sous‐représentées au sommet, en raison, principalement, de défaillances au niveau de la publication des vacances de postes et de pratiques discriminatoires au sein des organisations.
Introduction: To leave no one behind: Social security coverage for displaced populations and migrant workers
Authors: McKinnon Roddy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis 2023 special issue of the International Social Security Review contributes to the core debate framed by the international ambition of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals to leave no one behind and does so through the lens of social security coverage extension. Specifically, the special issue addresses the social security rights of selected population groups prioritized by the current programme of work of the International Social Security Association; namely, displaced populations, amongst whom children represent a significant proportion, and international migrant workers. Implicit in this choice is a wish to collate, analyse, enrich, and disseminate knowledge to forge a stronger consensus to help realize effective social security coverage for all.
RETRACTED: Effect of two different techniques of arteriovenous fistula puncture on wound infection in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Yao Yaling , Mao Huihui , Du Zonghua , Liu Jian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSafe and effective arteriovenous fistula (AVF) puncture is very important to reduce the wound complications of haemodialysis (HD). For AVF puncture in dialysis patients, there is a lack of clarity and consistency regarding the relative advantage of buttonhole (BH) over rope‐ladder (RL) cannulae in terms of wound complications. The study was published in several scientific databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed and Embase by October 2023. Data from all controlled trials looking at the effect of BH and RL on wound complications in haemodialysis patients were included. The articles were written in English, and they were about adult who had AVF while on dialysis. Studies with or without BH or RL treatment were excluded from the analysis. The data was analysed with RevMan5.3 software. Out of 215 trials, 9 were chosen for the final analysis. The study publication dates were between 2000 and 2023. Of these, 17 326 patients received AVF therapy. Among them, there were 3070 BH and 14 256 RL. In 9 studies, RL had a lower risk of postoperative wound infection compared to BH (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 3.06, 3.73 p < 0.0001); In all 3 studies, there were no statistically significant differences in the risk of post operative bleeding in RL versus BH(OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.25, 2.33 p = 0.63). Our studies have demonstrated that RL trocars are superior to BH trocars in the prevention of wound infection.
Delivery catheter system carries more physiological right ventricular septal pacing than stylet system
Authors: Hasebe Hideyuki , Naruse Yoshihisa , Sano Makoto , Kurebayashi Nobutake , Morikawa Shuji , Tsurumi Naoki , Shiozawa Tomoyuki , Takano Shintaro , Ogano Michio , Kimura Kei , Miyajima Keisuke , Sugiura Ryo , Henmi Ryuta , Muto Masahiro , Hosoya Natsuko , Mizukami Akira , Iguchi Keisuke , Atsumi Akiko , Odagiri Keiichi , Kiyama Yumi , Maekawa Yuichiro ,   the Mt. FUJI trial investigators
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe Mt. FUJI multicenter trial demonstrated that a delivery catheter system had a higher rate of successful right ventricular (RV) lead deployment on the RV septum (RVS) than a conventional stylet system. In this subanalysis of the Mt. FUJI trial, we assessed the differences in electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters during RV pacing between a delivery catheter system and a stylet system and their associations with the lead tip positions.MethodsAmong 70 patients enrolled in the Mt FUJI trial, ECG parameters, RV lead tip positions, and lead depth inside the septum assessed by computed tomography were compared between the catheter group (n = 36) and stylet group (n = 34).ResultsThe paced QRS duration (QRS‐d), corrected paced QT (QTc), and JT interval (JTc) were significantly shorter in the catheter group than in the stylet group (QRS‐d: 130 ± 19 vs. 142 ± 15 ms, p = .004; QTc: 476 ± 25 vs. 514 ± 20 ms, p < .001; JTc: 347 ± 24 vs. 372 ± 17 ms, p < .001). This superiority of the catheter group was maintained in a subgroup analysis of patients with an RV lead tip position at the septum. The lead depth inside the septum was greater in the catheter group than in the stylet group, and there was a significant negative correlation between the paced QRS‐d and the lead depth.ConclusionUsing a delivery catheter system carries more physiological depolarization and repolarization during RVS pacing and deeper screw penetration in the septum in comparison to conventional stylet system. The lead depth could have a more impact on the ECG parameters rather than the type of pacing lead.
Commentary on ‘Grandparental care and child mental health: a systematic review and meta‐analysis’
Authors: Shaw Daniel S. 
Published: February 2024

The manuscript by Wang et al. contributes mightily to our limited understanding of grandparental care and children's mental health problems. As the authors document, despite the growing number of families worldwide where grandparents serve as the sole primary caregivers or reside with the children's parents to share caregiving responsibilities, and the growing number of studies examining associations between grandparental care and children's mental health‐related outcomes, systematic reviews and meta‐analyses integrating this literature are missing. There are meta‐analyses on relations between grandparental care and such child outcomes as physical health, nutrition and obesity, education, and even resilience, but the extant literature on child outcomes has been limited to more qualitatively oriented reviews and has typically focused on child internalizing and externalizing problems. Thus, the current meta‐analysis adds a novel and critically missing quantitative component to our broad understanding of the associations between grandparental care and children's problem behavior. In addition, beyond studies examining children's internalizing and externalizing outcomes, the authors also report on several studies (n = 7) that examine children's positive well‐being and overall mental health. Overall, among the 38 studies deemed acceptable for review, the meta‐analysis included findings from nearly 345,000 children, with a mean age of 10 years and slightly more female (51%) than male children.
Patient and dermatologists' perspectives on augmented intelligence for melanoma screening: A prospective study
Authors: Goessinger Elisabeth Victoria , Niederfeilner Johannes‐Christian , Cerminara Sara , Maul Julia‐Tatjana , Kostner Lisa , Kunz Michael , Huber Stephanie , Koral Emrah , Habermacher Lea , Sabato Gianna , Tadic Andrea , Zimmermann Carmina , Navarini Alexander , Maul Lara Valeska 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) shows promising potential to enhance human decision‐making as synergistic augmented intelligence (AuI), but requires critical evaluation for skin cancer screening in a real‐world setting.ObjectivesTo investigate the perspectives of patients and dermatologists after skin cancer screening by human, artificial and augmented intelligence.MethodsA prospective comparative cohort study conducted at the University Hospital Basel included 205 patients (at high‐risk of developing melanoma, with resected or advanced disease) and 8 dermatologists. Patients underwent skin cancer screening by a dermatologist with subsequent 2D and 3D total‐body photography (TBP). Any suspicious and all melanocytic skin lesions ≥3 mm were imaged with digital dermoscopes and classified by corresponding convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Excisions were performed based on dermatologist's melanoma suspicion, study‐defined elevated CNN risk‐scores and/or melanoma suspicion by AuI. Subsequently, all patients and dermatologists were surveyed about their experience using questionnaires, including quantification of patient's safety sense following different examinations (subjective safety score (SSS): 0–10).ResultsMost patients believed AI could improve diagnostic performance (95.5%, n = 192/201). In total, 83.4% preferred AuI‐based skin cancer screening compared to examination by AI or dermatologist alone (3D‐TBP: 61.3%; 2D‐TBP: 22.1%, n = 199). Regarding SSS, AuI induced a significantly higher feeling of safety than AI (mean‐SSS (mSSS): 9.5 vs. 7.7, p < 0.0001) or dermatologist screening alone (mSSS: 9.5 vs. 9.1, p = 0.001). Most dermatologists expressed high trust in AI examination results (3D‐TBP: 90.2%; 2D‐TBP: 96.1%, n = 205). In 68.3% of the examinations, dermatologists felt that diagnostic accuracy improved through additional AI‐assessment (n = 140/205). Especially beginners (<2 years' dermoscopic experience; 61.8%, n = 94/152) felt AI facilitated their clinical work compared to experts (>5 years' dermoscopic experience; 20.9%, n = 9/43). Contrarily, in divergent risk assessments, only 1.5% of dermatologists trusted a benign CNN‐classification more than personal malignancy suspicion (n = 3/205).ConclusionsWhile patients already prefer AuI with 3D‐TBP for melanoma recognition, dermatologists continue to rely largely on their own decision‐making despite high confidence in AI‐results.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04605822).
Maps’ agency and mountains’ multiplicity: Conflicts triggered by state maps involving pilgrims and desired mining futures in the Andes
Authors: Salas Carreño Guillermo , Solano‐del‐Castillo José Enrique 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes how the agency of state maps triggered conflicts between rural communities, pilgrims, and state institutions, in which some mountains emerged as multiple entities within and beyond the nature‐culture divide. The Quyllurit'i shrine is the focus of an important pilgrimage in the Andes. The Peruvian state established the shrine´s Protected Area in 2010 but had been granting mining concessions around it. Confronted with a state map of the Protected Area surrounded by mining concessions, the pilgrims' organizations called for their nullification and staged protests in Cuzco city in 2016. Meanwhile, the community within which the shrine is located experienced the establishment of the Protected Area as a process of land expropriation. Its members were holders of the mining concessions and aimed to conduct mining on their lands. Mining concessions, the Protected Area, and land titles were the state maps mediating these conflicts.
Sleep apnea in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: Impact on perioperative outcomes
Authors: Farha Kassar , Gercek Mustafa , Gercek Muhammed , Mischlinger Johannes , Rudolph Volker , Gummert Jan F. , Saad Charbel , Aboud Anas , Fox Henrik 
Published: February 2024

SummarySleep‐disordered breathing is common in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Sleep‐disordered breathing is associated with increased perioperative morbidity, arrhythmias (e.g. atrial fibrillation) and mortality. This study investigated the impact of sleep‐disordered breathing on the postoperative course after coronary artery bypass grafting, including development of atrial fibrillation. This prospective single‐centre cohort study included adults undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. All were screened for sleep‐disordered breathing (polygraphy) and atrial fibrillation (electrocardiogram) preoperatively; those with known sleep‐disordered breathing or atrial fibrillation were excluded. Endpoints included new‐onset atrial fibrillation, duration of mechanical ventilation, time in the intensive care unit, and postoperative infection. Regression analysis was performed to identify associations between sleep‐disordered breathing and these outcomes. A total of 508 participants were included (80% male, median age 68 years). The prevalence of any (apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 5 per hr), moderate (apnea–hypopnea index = 15–30 per hr) and severe (apnea–hypopnea index > 30 per hr) sleep‐disordered breathing was 52.9%, 9.3% and 10.2%, respectively. All‐cause 30‐day mortality was 0.98%. After adjustment for age and sex, severe sleep‐disordered breathing was associated with longer respiratory ventilation support (crude odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 5.28 [2.18–12.77]; p < 0.001) and higher postoperative infection rates (crude odds ratio 3.32 [1.45–7.58]; p < 0.005), but not new‐onset atrial fibrillation or mortality. New‐onset atrial fibrillation was significantly associated with postoperative infection and prolonged hospital stay. The significant associations between sleep‐disordered breathing and several adverse outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting support the need for preoperative sleep‐disordered breathing screening in individuals undergoing cardiac surgery.
Genetic analysis of translation initiation in bacteria: An initiator tRNA‐centric view
Authors: Lahry Kuldeep , Datta Madhurima , Varshney Umesh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTranslation of messenger RNA (mRNA) in bacteria occurs in the steps of initiation, elongation, termination, and ribosome recycling. The initiation step comprises multiple stages and uses a special transfer RNA (tRNA) called initiator tRNA (i‐tRNA), which is first aminoacylated and then formylated using methionine and N10‐formyl‐tetrahydrofolate (N10‐fTHF), respectively. Both methionine and N10‐fTHF are produced via one‐carbon metabolism, linking translation initiation with active cellular metabolism. The fidelity of i‐tRNA binding to the ribosomal peptidyl‐site (P‐site) is attributed to the structural features in its acceptor stem, and the highly conserved three consecutive G‐C base pairs (3GC pairs) in the anticodon stem. The acceptor stem region is important in formylation of the amino acid attached to i‐tRNA and in its initial binding to the P‐site. And, the 3GC pairs are crucial in transiting the i‐tRNA through various stages of initiation. We utilized the feature of 3GC pairs to investigate the nuanced layers of scrutiny that ensure fidelity of translation initiation through i‐tRNA abundance and its interactions with the components of the translation apparatus. We discuss the importance of i‐tRNA in the final stages of ribosome maturation, as also the roles of the Shine–Dalgarno sequence, ribosome heterogeneity, initiation factors, ribosome recycling factor, and coevolution of the translation apparatus in orchestrating a delicate balance between the fidelity of initiation and/or its leakiness to generate proteome plasticity in cells to confer growth fitness advantages in response to the dynamic nutritional states.
Roles of SP/KLF transcription factors in odontoblast differentiation: From development to diseases
Authors: Wang Xuefei , Sun Kaida , Xu Zekai , Chen Zhuo , Wu Wenzhi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesA zinc‐finger transcription factor family comprising specificity proteins (SPs) and Krüppel‐like factor proteins (KLFs) plays an important role in dentin development and regeneration. However, a systematic regulatory network involving SPs/KLFs in odontoblast differentiation has not yet been described. This review examined the expression patterns of SP/KLF gene family members and their current known functions and mechanisms in odontoblast differentiation, and discussed prospective research directions for further exploration of mechanisms involving the SP/KLF gene family in dentin development.Materials and MethodsRelevant literature on SP/KLF gene family members and dentin development was acquired from PubMed and Web of Science.ResultsWe discuss the expression patterns, functions, and related mechanisms of eight members of the SP/KLF gene family in dentin development and genetic disorders with dental problems. We also summarize current knowledge about their complementary or synergistic actions. Finally, we propose future research directions for investigating the mechanisms of dentin development.ConclusionsThe SP/KLF gene family plays a vital role in tooth development. Studying the complex complementary or synergistic interactions between SPs/KLFs is helpful for understanding the process of odontoblast differentiation. Applications of single‐cell and spatial multi‐omics may provide a more complete investigation of the mechanism involved in dentin development.