bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of selective neck dissection in the treatment of the clinically positive neck
Authors: Patel Rajan S. , Clark Jonathan R. , Gao Kan , O'Brien Christopher J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground.The aim of this work was to determine whether or not patients treated with therapeutic selective neck dissection for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were oncologically disadvantaged compared with those having comprehensive procedures.Methods.The study involves a retrospective review of 232 therapeutic neck dissections with a minimum of 2 years follow‐up.Results.Patients having selective neck dissection had fewer adverse prognostic factors compared with patients having comprehensive dissection (pN2/3, p = .001; and extracapsular spread, p = .001). There were trends toward improved control in the dissected neck (96% vs 86%, p = .06), and disease‐specific survival (59% vs 43%, p = .06) following selective neck dissection. Disease‐specific survival for all patients was adversely affected by pN classification (p <.001) and extracapsular spread (p <.001).Conclusions.Patients undergoing aggressive neck surgery had more extensive disease. Selective neck dissection can be used to effectively treat clinically positive nodal disease in selected patients. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2008
Comment on ‘Yamada H, Nakamura F, Watanabe Y, Murakami M and Nogami T. 2005. Measuring hydraulic permeability in a streambed using the packer test. Hydrological Processes 19: 2507–2524’
Authors: Di Federico Vittorio , Ugarelli Rita 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn a recent paper, Yamada et al. (2005) derived an expression to calculate hydraulic permeability under non‐Darcy flow conditions using the packer test; their results were obtained via numerical integration of the derived expression. Their findings are extended by providing a closed‐form solution to the problem, and its dependence upon key parameters is illustrated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Creating a culture of healing in multiethnic communities: an integrative approach to prevention and amelioration of violence‐induced conditions
Authors: Danesh H. B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this article, the author describes the nature and dynamics of the culture of healing and the prerequisites for its creation. The concept of the culture of healing emerged over the course of 7 years of implementation of the Education for Peace (EFP) Program in over 100 primary and secondary schools in the ethnically divided Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The process of change from conflict‐based to peace‐based ways of thinking and behaving in this multiethnic society, slowly and painfully emerging from a devastating civil war, is described and the dynamics of interface between a culture of healing and individual psychological processes are described. In the culture of healing, health is defined as a state of organic unity—wholeness, equilibrium, balance, and harmony—and healing as the process of creating unity in all aspects of individual and community life. At the core of this process is the essential transformation from conflict‐based to unity‐based worldviews—ideas, attitudes, relationships, and practices. The author describes and analyzes the empirical and research findings of the EFP‐BiH project and its relevance to the currently high level of global interethnic discord and conflict. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Significance of early prenatal diagnosis of fetal hepatic cyst
Authors: Bronstein Moshe , Nizar Khatib , Weiner Zeev 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurpose.To summarize our experience of early prenatal diagnosis of fetal hepatic cysts.Method.We reviewed all cases of fetal hepatic cyst detected in our institution between 13 and 17 weeks' gestation over the last 20 years. All scans were initially performed transvaginally to improve image quality. Most of the scans were performed as a routine fetal anatomy scan in a low‐risk population.Results.Seven fetal hepatic cysts were detected out of 54,500 fetal anatomy scans performed between 13 and 17 weeks' gestation. Five peripheral cysts measuring 3–5 mm disappeared during the follow‐up period, between 18 and 24 weeks' gestation. Two hilar cysts appeared on sonography as choledochal cysts; one disappeared at 22 weeks' gestation, and the other diminished in size during the postnatal follow‐up.Conclusion.Based on our experience, when hepatic cysts are diagnosed during an early fetal anatomy scan, disappearance of these cysts can be expected, especially when the cysts are initially small and peripheral. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
Sonographic evaluation of gallbladder contractility in patients with spinal cord injury
Authors: Nakayama Mauro , Távora Daniel G.F. , Gama Rŏmulo L. , Silva Cruiff E.P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurpose.To determine gallbladder volume with sonography during fasting and in response to a fatty meal in patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) and compare the results with those obtained in healthy controls.Method.Forty‐three patients with SCI and 40 healthy volunteers without clinical evidence of gallbladder disease underwent sonography before and 30 and 60 minutes after the ingestion of a standard fatty meal. The gallbladder fasting volume, resting volume, and gallbladder contractility were calculated, and the results were compared. Correlation between gallbladder contractility and level of lesion, time since injury, use of oxybutynin, and body mass index (BMI) was also assessed.Results.The mean ejection fraction was significantly lower in the patients with SCIs (40%) compared with healthy controls (63%) (p < 0.001). Gallbladder mean residual volume 60 minutes after ingestion of the fatty meal was lower in the control group (p < 0.001).Conclusion.Gallbladder contractility is impaired in patients with SCI, which may predispose these patients to gallstone formation. There was no correlation between gallbladder contractility and level of the lesion, time since injury, use of oxybutynin, or BMI. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Does the presence of a mesh have an effect on the testicular blood flow after surgical repair of indirect inguinal hernia?
Authors: Ramadan Selma Uysal , Gokharman Dilek , Tuncbilek Isil , Ozer Hilal , Kosar Pinar , Kacar Mahmut , Temel Selim , Kosar Ugur 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurpose.Modern treatment of inguinal hernias includes prosthetic mesh repairs. However, direct contact of the mesh to the vessels in the inguinal canal and perimesh fibrosis may have a negative impact on testicular flow. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the effect of mesh implantation/perimesh fibrosis on testicular flow after repair of indirect inguinal hernias (IIHs).Method.Forty‐eight male patients with unilateral IIH were included. Both testicular parenchyma were assessed using gray‐scale sonography, and color/spectral Doppler sonography was performed to evaluate testicular arterial impedance, perfusion, and venous flow. Measurements were made bilaterally at the level of the inguinal canal 1 day before and at the end of the 2nd month after the operation.Results.There was no difference in testicular and echotexture perfusion between the hernia and the control sides pre‐ and postoperatively. No venous thrombosis was found. In all groups, resistance index and pulsatility index, measured at 4 levels, were highest in the proximal inguinal canal and lowest at the extratesticular–intrascrotal level (p < 0.05). For all Doppler parameters there was no significant difference between the pre‐ and postoperative measurements on both the hernia and the control sides.Conclusion.Mesh implantation/perimesh fibrosis does not adversely affect ipsilateral testicular flow. Mesh application is still a safe procedure in male patients in whom testicular function is important. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
The influences of data precision on the calculation of temperature percentile indices
Authors: Zhang Xuebin , Zwiers Francis W. , Hegerl Gabriele 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPercentile‐based temperature indices are part of the suite of indices developed by the WMO CCl/CLIVAR/JCOMM Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices. They have been used to analyse changes in temperature extremes for various parts of the world. We identify a bias in percentile‐based indices which consist of annual counts of threshold exceedance. This bias occurs when there is insufficient precision in temperature data, and affects the estimation of the means and trends of percentile‐based indices. Such imprecision occurs when temperature observations are truncated or rounded prior to being recorded and archived. The impacts on the indices depend upon the type of relation (i.e. temperature greater than or greater than or equal to) used to determine the exceedance rate. This problem can be solved when the loss of precision is not overly severe by adding a small random number to artificially restore data precision. While these adjustments do not improve the accuracy of individual observations, the exceedance rates that are computed from data adjusted in this way have properties, such as long‐term mean and trend, which are similar to those directly estimated from data that are originally of the same precision as the adjusted data. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Raman spectroscopic study of the selenite minerals—chalcomenite CuSeO3·2H2O, clinochalcomenite and cobaltomenite
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Keeffe Eloise C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRaman spectroscopy has been used to study the dimorphous selenite minerals chalcomenite, cobaltomenite and clinochalcomenite. Selenite minerals are characterised by the position of the symmetric stretching mode that is observed at higher wavenumbers than the anti‐symmetric stretching mode. The selenite ion has C3v symmetry and four modes, 2A1 and 2E. These modes are observed at 813, 472 cm−1 (A1) and 685, 710, 727 and 367 and 396 cm−1 (E). Bands assigned to the water stretching vibrations are observed for chalcomenite at 2953, 3184 and 3506 cm−1 and for clinochalcomenite at 2909, 3193 and 3507 cm−1. A comparison of the Raman spectra of chalcomenite, clinochalcomenite and cobaltomenite is made. The position of these bands enabled hydrogen bond distances in the selenite structure to be estimated. Hydrogen bond distances for chalcomenite and clinochalmenite were determined to be similar. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioseparation of (R,S)‐ketoprofen using Candida antarctica lipase B in an enzymatic membrane reactor
Authors: Ong Ai Lien , Kamaruddin Azlina Harun , Bhatia Subhash , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) for enantioseparation of (R,S)‐ketoprofen via Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) as biocatalyst was investigated. A comparative study of free and immobilized CALB was further conducted. The catalytic behaviour of CALB in an EMR was affected by the process parameters of enzyme load, substrate concentration, substrate molar ratio, lipase solution pH, reaction temperature, and substrate flow rate. Immobilization of CALB in the EMR was able to reduce the amount of enzyme required for the enantioseparation of (R,S)‐ketoprofen. Immobilized CALB in the EMR assured higher reaction capacity, better thermal stability, and reusability. It was also found to be more cost effective and practical than free CALB in a batch reactor.
Descriptive structure–separation relationship studies in chiral ligand‐exchange chromatography
Authors: Natalini Benedetto , Macchiarulo Antonio , Sardella Roccaldo , Massarotti Alberto , Pellicciari Roberto 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new approach to model and interpret the separation of amino acid enantiomers is described. The descriptive structure–separation relationship (DSSR) study of a set of amino acid enantiomer couples analyzed with two chiral selectors S‐benzyl‐(R)‐cysteine ((R)‐SBC) and S‐trityl‐(R)‐cysteine ((R)‐STC) has been performed with the aim to highlight the molecular properties of the analyte affecting the enantiodiscrimination process. Although with some exceptions, the classification models obtained with (R)‐STC indicate that the partial positive surface area (PPSA‐1) is the suitable descriptor to account for the separation of both (R)‐ and (S)‐enantiomers. On the other hand, two different descriptors characterize the separation process with (R)‐SBC. While fractional negatively charged partial surface area (FNSA‐3) results the discriminating descriptor for (R)‐enantiomers, the relative polar surface area (RPSA) is able to best discriminate among (S)‐enantiomers.
Analysis of selected stilbenes in Polygonum cuspidatum by HPLC coupled with CoulArray detection
Authors: Beňová Blanka , Adam Martin , Onderková Kateřina , Královský Josef , Krajíček Milan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe roots of three varieties of Polygonum cuspidatum were analyzed for resveratrol and its analogs. The powder of the dried roots was extracted with aqueous ethanol (60% v/v) and the extracts obtained were analyzed using RP HPLC with coulometric detection. A simple HPLC method with a multichannel CoulArray detector was developed for the determination of four stilbenes: resveratrol, its glucoside piceid, piceatannol, and its glucoside astringin. Analyses were carried out on a LiChrospher C18 (125×4.6 mm id, particle size 5 μm) column with a mobile phase of ammonium acetate (pH 3) and ACN in gradient mode. Four compounds were monitored by a CoulArray electrochemical detector. Potentials of eight electrochemical cells in series were set in the range of 200–900 mV. Optimization of the mobile phase pH was performed. Calibration curves showed good linearity with correlation coefficients (r2) – more than 0.9975.
Preparative separation of dioscin derivatives from Dioscorea villosa by centrifugal partition chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection
Authors: Yoon Kee Dong , Kim Jinwoong 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDioscin derivatives from the Dioscorea villosa roots were isolated and purified by centrifugal partition chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection. The two‐phase solvent system composed of chloroform‐methanol‐isopropanol‐water (7:6:1:4, v/v/v/v) was used to obtain prosapogenin A of dioscin (1, 11.1 mg), dioscin (2, 8.9 mg), deltonin (3, 29.2 mg) and diosgenin 3‐O‐[α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 2)]‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl(1 → 3)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl(1 → 4)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (4, 6.2 mg) from 300 mg of saponin‐rich extract from the roots of D. villosa. The purities of 1, 2, 3 and 4 were determined to be 98.9, 97.4, 99.2 and 99.5%, respectively. Their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic data of ESI‐MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR and comparing with those of previously reported values.
Crystalline degradation products of vancomycin as chiral stationary phase in microcolumn liquid chromatography
Authors: Ghassempour Alireza , Alizadeh Reza , Najafi Nahid Mashkori , Karami Ahmad , Römpp Andreas , Spengler Bernhard , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe ability of crystalline degradation products (CDPs) of vancomycin as a chiral stationary phase was reported in a previous study for enantioselective separation of drugs, amino acids and agrochemical toxins by conventional LC column (250×4.6 mm). In this work, the potential of CDP of vancomycin for the enantiomeric separation in micro‐LC (200×1 mm) has been studied. The obtained separation results are better than in our previous study with conventional LC columns. The enantiomers of D,L‐phenylalanine, D,L‐alanine, methyldopa, atropine and propranolol were used for this evaluation. Experiments have been carried out in a stainless steel tube that was packed with chiral silica particles of 3 and 12 μm diameters. Also, three different ratios of 3 and 12 μm silica particles were used for packing material of chiral columns and the effect on aspect ratio and resolving powers was compared.
Why is HDL‐cholesterol good cholesterol?
Authors: Stanley John C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe well recognized ability of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, sometimes called good cholesterol, to protect against the risk of developing of cardiovascular disease requires an explanation. Such an explanation may be the role that HDL plays in the process of reverse cholesterol transport as practised by cells of the arterial wall such as the macrophage. Unwanted cholesterol is transported out of the macrophage and is accepted by HDL and then esterified. The resultant cholesterol esters are then transported to the liver either directly by HDL or indirectly by other lipoproteins which acquire the cholesterol esters from HDL in exchange for other lipids. The liver can then excrete the cholesterol into the bile as such or after conversion into bile acids. However, this may soon prove to be a limited view as HDL may also have anti‐inflammatory and anti‐coagulant effects which will contribute to its ability to protect against CVD.
Efficient Surface Modification of Divinylbenzene Microspheres via a Combination of RAFT and Hetero Diels‐Alder Chemistry
Authors: Nebhani Leena , Sinnwell Sebastian , Inglis Andrew J. , Stenzel Martina H. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Barner Leonie 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA combination of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and hetero Diels‐Alder (HDA) chemistry has been utilized to successfully generate functional core‐shell microspheres. Initially, precipitation polymerization in conjunction with the RAFT technique has been employed to synthesize divinylbenzene (DVB) microspheres with surface expressed RAFT groups. Subsequently, HDA cycloaddition has been performed under mild reaction conditions (50 °C, 24 h) with a diene‐functionalized poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL). While the successful grafting is immediately evident by optical inspection of the microspheres (color change from purple to white), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (ATR) were additionally employed to characterize the chemical composition and surface functionalization of the microspheres. Further, confocal microscopy was used to confirm the presence of grafted PCL chains after labeling them with rhodamine B.magnified image
Managing Photoexcited States in Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Wegner Gerhard , Baluschev Stanislav , Laquai Frederic , Chi Chunyan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSummary: Chain length dependence of the photoemission (fluorescence, phosphorescence, delayed fluorescence) and the respective life times of poly conjugated macromolecules is subject of controversy since long. An underlying question concerns coherence and extension/localization of the photoexcited states. Energy transfer within and between macromolecules as well as between sensitizers and macromolecules are relevant processes in systems to be used for displays or solar energy harvesting. In this context our recent work on photophysical characterization of pure oligo(fluorene)s and of the same oligomers containing just one fluorenone (“keto‐defect”) group is reviewed. Energy transfer between poly(fluorene)s and metal porphyrins is also covered. Triplet‐ triplet‐annihilation opens a route to efficient non‐coherent energy upconversion at ultralow excitation intensity (ca 1 Wcm−2). Light from the red region (635–700 nm) of terrestrial sun‐light is converted into the green region with ΔE ≥ 0.5 eV.
Anthracene‐ and Thiophene‐Containing Poly(p‐arylene‐ethynylene)/poly(p‐arylene‐vinylene)s: Towards Optimized Structures for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Egbe Daniel A. M. , Wild Andreas , Birckner Eckhard , Grummt Ulrich‐Walter , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSummary: Anthracene‐ and thiophene‐containing PPE‐PPV systems, bearing asymmetric alkoxy side chains, which are presumed to ensure optimal interfacial contact with PCBM([6,6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester) in bulk heterojunction solar cells, have been synthesized and characterized. The polymers exhibit high molecular weights with polydispersity indices around 2. The effect of the position of the aromatic rings on their photophysical properties was found to be very pronounced in the case of the anthracene‐containing polymers, but less significant in the case of the thiophene‐containing counterparts.
Photovoltaic Behaviour of Titanyl Phthalocyanine Thin Films and Titania Bilayer Films
Authors: Drabik M. , Zachary A. M. , Choi Y. , Hanus J. , Tousek J. , Touskova J. , Cimrova V. , Slavinska D. , Biederman H. , Hanley L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSummary: Titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) thin films were prepared using evaporation and surface polymerization by ion‐assisted deposition (SPIAD) in a vacuum deposition system. These films were characterized by means of ultraviolet and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. Valence band and elemental content indicated that phthalocyanine electronic and chemical structures were largely preserved during SPIAD. Further, bilayer thin films of titania (TiO2) and SPIAD TiOPc were prepared. TiO2 film was deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering of TiO2 target. Study of the structured samples was focused on the optical and electrical properties of the composite films. The films were characterized by non‐contact photovoltage measurements and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. These results suggest there is a possibility to use these bilayer thin films in photovoltaic solar cells, however further experiments to improve conductivity of the films will be required.
Novel Fluorene‐Thiophene Copolymers: Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Pavlačková Petra , Cimrová Věra , Výprachtický Drahomír , Kmínek Ivan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSummary: Novel alternating fluorene ‐ thiophene copolymers, F3HT, FIPT, and FPyT, consisting of 9,9‐dihexylfluorene and 3‐substituted (with hexyl, 3‐methylbutyl and 2‐(pyren‐1‐yl)vinyl, respectively) thiophene units were synthesized. Photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemical behavior of these polymers were studied. PL behavior of FPyT polymer differed from that of the other copolymers. Thin films of F3HT and FIPT showed an intense green PL emission whereas the PL emission of FPyT thin films was orange. The PL emission spectra in thin films differ from those measured in THF solutions. Aggregate formation played an important role in the solid state. The aggregation was more pronounced with FPyT than with F3HT and FIPT thin films. In all polymers reversible oxidation and reduction were observed. Similar values of ionization potentials and electron affinities were estimated for F3HT and FIPT, but a higher value of electron affinity for FPyT.
Topology of a ternary complex (proparacaine–β‐cyclodextrin–liposome) by STD NMR
Authors: Cabeça Luís Fernando , Fernandes Sergio Antonio , de Paula Eneida , Marsaioli Anita Jocelyne 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe topologies of proparacaine (PPC) in β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), PPC in egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) liposomes and PPC in β‐CD in EPC were investigated using NMR experiments (1D ROESY and saturation transfer difference (STD)). This is the first description of the STD technique applied to PPC–EPC–β‐CD system, revealing that not only PPC was imbedded in EPC bilayer, but β‐CD was also interacting with liposome vesicles. These results are novel and were rationalized as the spontaneous formation of a ternary complex with some β‐CD molecules bound to external liposome vesicles surfaces. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.