bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation, characterization and long term preservation of mutant strains of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous
Authors: Baeza Marcelo , Retamales Patricio , Sepúlveda Dionisia , Lodato Patricia , Jiménez Antonio , Cifuentes Víctor 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is biotechnologically important due to its ability to produce the pigment astaxanthin, but is poorly understood at the genetic level. This is mainly because its preservation is difficult and many of the mutants obtained are unstable. The objectives of the present work were (i) the mutagenesis X. dendrorhous and, (ii) isolation of mutants with auxotrophic markers suitable for genetic studies of the carotenogenesis pathway and sexual cycle. Additionally, two kinds of preservation methods at the laboratory level were tested for the storage of strains. A collection of X. dendrorhous mutants affected in the production of carotenoid pigments or development of sexual structures and auxotrophic requirements were isolated by treatment with N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine and the antibiotic nystatin. From a detailed analysis about the requirements of auxotrophic mutants the ARG7, ARG3 and PRO3 loci can be defined in this yeast. Among the methods assayed for the long‐term preservation of X. dendrorhous strains, the dehydrated gelatin drop method showed the highest recovery of viable yeast after storage for 65 months. No changes in auxotrophic properties and in macro or micro morphology were observed after applying the latter method. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Tolypocladium inflatum CPA element encodes a RecQ helicase‐like gene
Authors: Kempken Frank 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPreviously, a repetitive CPA element was discovered in the genome of the filamentous fungus Tolypocladium inflatum; however, no further characterization was technically possible at that time. In this study, PCR amplification was used to detect a 4 kb conserved portion of the CPA element that appeared to be present in most, if not all, genomic CPA elements. The amplicons included a large open reading frame that was most similar to a RecQ helicase‐like gene from Metarhizium anisopliae. The repetitive nature of the CPA element suggests that it is related to the eukaryotic Helitron class of transposable elements. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The use of GC×GC with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry to investigate dienes and Diels–Alder polymerisation products in high‐temperature Fischer–Tropsch‐based fuels
Authors: van der Westhuizen Rina , Crouch Andrew , Sandra Pat 
Published: September 2008

AbstractComprehensive GC in the reversed polarity mode i.e. a polar main column and an apolar secondary column have been used to differentiate cyclic olefins, dienes and cyclic dienes in high temperature Fischer–Tropsch (FT)‐based fuels. The elucidation of the blobs in the contour plot was based on spectral data obtained by TOF‐MS. The effectiveness of selective catalytic hydrogenation in transforming dienes into olefins could be studied. Dienes are prone to polymerisation by Diels–Alder reactions and dimers and trimers were detected in the 2‐D plot by operating the MS in the ion extraction mode. Polymerisation is thought to be partially responsible for gum formation in high temperature FT‐derived products.
Comparison of separation power of ultra performance liquid chromatography and comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography in the separation of phenolic compounds in beverages
Authors: Kivilompolo Maarit , Hyötyläinen Tuulia 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this study, 1‐D and 2‐D liquid chromatographic systems, namely, conventional HPLC, UPLC, HPLC×HPLC and HPLC×UPLC systems were developed and evaluated for the separation of phenolic acids in wine and juices. In the LC×LC studies, the first dimension separation was based on RPLC and the second dimension was performed with ion‐pair chromatography. Three different columns, namely two short columns packed with either 2.5 or 1.7 μm particles and a monolithic column, were tested for the fast second dimension separation. The best results were obtained when the monolithic column was applied for the second dimension separation. The peak capacities for comprehensive 2‐D systems varied from 330 to 616.
Offline LC‐GC×GC in combination with rapid‐scanning quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Sciarrone Danilo , Quinto Tranchida Peter , Costa Rosaria , Donato Paola , Ragonese Carla , Dugo Paola , Dugo Giovanni , Mondello Luigi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe present research is focused on the offline combination of normal‐phase LC to double‐oven GC×GC‐quadrupole MS. Initially, a diesel sample was subjected to automated LC×GC in order to define the elution windows of four fractions, viz., saturated hydrocarbons, monocyclic aromatics, dicyclic aromatics, tri‐ + tetracyclic aromatics; each fraction was collected exploiting the LC system in a further analysis and subjected to large‐volume‐injection‐GC×GC analysis using an apolar–polar column combination. The GC×GC operational conditions were tuned in relation to the specific separation requirements of each heart‐cut. The main benefits of what can be defined as offline LC‐GC×GC were: (i) the high first‐dimension LC selectivity; (ii) the injection of high sample amounts in the GC×GC system, enabling the detection and quantification of a series of low‐amount diesel constituents; (iii) improved GC×GC operational conditions for each heart‐cut with respect to direct GC×GC.
Psychosocial research in traumatic stress: An update
Authors: Green Bonnie L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis report presents an update of psychosocial research in the traumatic stress field, presenting an overview of recent studies in several areas: the epidemiology of traumatic events and of PTSD in the general adult population, other diagnoses associated with trauma exposure and PTSD, the course and longevity of PTSD symptomatology, and risk factors for the diagnosis. Other areas of increasing interest and focus are briefly noted.
Sensitivity analysis and robust experimental design of a signal transduction pathway system
Authors: Yue Hong , Brown Martin , He Fei , Jia Jianfang , Kell Douglas B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractExperimental design for cellular networks based on sensitivity analysis is studied in this work. Both optimal and robust experimental design strategies are developed for the IκB‐NF‐κB signal transduction model. Based on local sensitivity analysis, the initial IKK intensity is calculated using an optimal experimental design process, and several scalarization measures of the Fisher information matrix are compared. Global sensitivity analysis and robust experimental design techniques are then developed to consider parametric uncertainties in the model. The modified Morris method is employed in global sensitivity analysis, and a semidefinite programming method is exploited to implement the robust experimental design for the problem of measurement set selection. The parametric impacts on the oscillatory behavior of NF‐κB in the nucleus are also discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 730–741, 2008
Uncertainty analysis of NO production during methane combustion
Authors: Zsély I. Gy. , Zádor J. , Turányi T. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLocal and Monte Carlo uncertainty analyses of NO production during methane combustion were carried out, investigating the effect of uncertainties of kinetic parameters and enthalpies of formation. In Case I, the original Leeds methane oxidation mechanism with the NOx reaction block was used, but the enthalpies of formation of all species were updated. In Case II, the NCN‐containing reactions of the prompt NO formation route were added and the rate parameters of several reactions were also updated. The NO production was examined at the conditions of the Bartok et al. experiments (PSR, T = 1565–1989 K, φ = 0.8–1.2, residence time 3 ms). The Monte Carlo analysis provided the approximate probability density function and the variance of the calculated NO concentration, and also its attainable minimum and maximum values. Both mechanisms provided similarly good to acceptable agreement with the experimental results for lean and stoichiometric mixtures, whereas only mechanism Case II could reproduce the experimental data for rich mixtures after a realistic tuning of the parameters. Local uncertainty analysis was used to assess the contribution of the uncertainty of each parameter to the uncertainty of the calculated NO concentration. Enthalpies of formation of NNH and HCCO, and rate parameters of 20 reaction steps cause most of the uncertainty of the calculated NO concentrations at all conditions. The relative importance of the four main NO formation routes was investigated via the inspection of the reaction rates, embedded in the Monte Carlo analysis. NO formation in rich mixtures was dominated by the prompt route, whereas in leaner mixtures the share of the NO formation routes depended very much on the values of rate parameters, when varied within the uncertainty limits of kinetic data evaluations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 754–768, 2008
Reversible Hydrogels from an Ampholytic An(B‐b‐C)n Heteroarm Star Block Terpolymer
Authors: Stavrouli Nikoletta , Kyriazis Apostolos , Tsitsilianis Constantinos 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAn asymmetric, amphiphilic, An(B‐b‐C)n heteroarm star block terpolymer bearing polystyrene and poly(2‐vinyl pyridine)‐block‐poly(acrylic acid) arms, was synthesized by anionic polymerization, using an extending “in‐out” method and a post polymerization deprotection reaction. Due to the pH‐dependent protonation/deprotonation equilibrium of the P2VP/PAA blocks, a rich phase behavior was observed as a function of pH. At pH = 2, the star terpolymers form a physical hydrogel through a solvent‐induced sol/gel transition in a DMF/water solvent mixture. The gelation mechanism was attributed to a jamming effect mediated by increasing the dielectric permittivity of the medium.magnified image
The Effect of Protonation on the Optical Properties of Conjugated Fluorene–Pyridine Copolymers
Authors: Kappaun Stefan , Horner Stephan , Kelterer Anne‐Marie , Waich Kerstin , Grasse Florian , Graf Michael , Romaner Lorenz , Niedermair Fabian , Müllen Klaus , Grimsdale Andrew C. , Saf Robert , List Emil J. W. , Zojer Egbert , Slugovc Christian 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA series of conjugated alternating and statistical copolymers of fluorene and pyridine are synthesized and characterized. The compounds under investigation, namely poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dihexylfluorenyl)‐alt‐(2,6‐pyridinyl)] and poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dihexylfluorenyl)‐stat‐(2,6‐pyridinyl)], are prepared by a Suzuki‐type cross‐coupling reaction starting from commercially available materials utilizing the recently described catalyst trans‐bis(dicyclohexylamine) palladiumdiacetate (“DAPCy”). The target compounds are investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, and luminescence measurements in solution and in the solid state. Special emphasis is placed on studying the consequences of protonation on the photophysical properties of the described materials. Achieving a concise microscopic understanding of the effects of protonation on the absorption and luminescence characteristics is crucial for potential applications in, e.g., optical sensors. To that aim, the results of the systematic studies of the photophysical properties are explained by quantum mechanical calculations.magnified image
Does “Passing the Courvoisier” always pay off? Positive and negative evaluative conditioning effects of brand placements in music videos
Authors: Schemer Christian , Matthes Jörg , Wirth Werner , Textor Samuel 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe proliferation of brands in television programming has abounded in recent times. Especially in rap videos, actors frequently depict brands and products. One mechanism by which placements can affect consumers' attitudes is evaluative conditioning. Given that in rap videos brands are paired with liked as well as disliked actors, there is a high potential for positive and negative conditioning effects. In an experiment with an authentic rap video, the appearance of placements and the image of the rap actors were varied. The results indicate that the pairing of a brand with positively evaluated artists produces positive attitudes toward the brand. In contrast, a negative conditioning procedure results in negative attitudes toward the brand. Further analyses demonstrate that conditioning effects are even stronger when preference for rap music is high and recognition of the brand rather low. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
If employees “go the extra mile,” do customers reciprocate with similar behavior?
Authors: Yi Youjae , Gong Taeshik 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis study proposes an integrated framework depicting the effects of two types of employee behavior (employee citizenship behavior and employee dysfunctional behavior) on customer satisfaction, which in turn, influences customer commitment. Customer satisfaction and commitment are then expected to affect two types of customer behavior (customer citizenship behavior and customer dysfunctional behavior). A survey of matched responses from 123 employees and 590 customers reveals that employee citizenship behavior, employee dysfunctional behavior, customer satisfaction, and customer commitment are important predictors of customer citizenship behavior and customer dysfunctional behavior. Furthermore, this study identifies variables (relationship age, group size, and communication frequency) that moderate the relationships being considered. The results show that the effects of two types of employee behavior on customer satisfaction are stronger when relationship age and communication frequency are higher. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The CAT model: Extensions and moderators of dominance in technology acceptance
Authors: Nasco Suzanne A. , Kulviwat Songpol , Kumar Anand , Bruner II Gordon C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRecently, Kulviwat et al. (2007) proposed a new model, Consumer Acceptance of Technology (CAT), that was shown to significantly improve the prediction of intentions to adopt high tech products by integrating affect constructs and an additional cognitive construct into the well‐known Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The purpose of the current study is to examine issues that were beyond the scope of the first article. In particular, the dominance dimension of a fect did not previously show the expected positive effect on attitudes toward adopting technology. The current study clarifies the role of dominance in technology acceptance by uncovering a significant interaction it has with another construct within CAT. In addition, CAT is explored across different types of consumer tasks performed with a high‐tech innovation and is expanded by including a measure of social influence felt by the consumer. Finally, the CAT model is further validated using additional statistical analyses not applied in the initial publication. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatioselective Modification of Bicompartmental Polymer Particles and Fibers via Huisgen 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition
Authors: Bhaskar Srijanani , Roh Kyung‐Ho , Jiang Xuwei , Baker Gregory L. , Lahann Joerg 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPrecise nano‐ and microscale control of the architecture of biodegradable biomaterials is desirable for several biotechnological applications such as drug delivery, diagnostics, and medical imaging. Herein, we combine electrohydrodynamic co‐jetting and highly specific surface modification (via Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition) to prepare particles and fibers with spatioselective surface modification. We first prepared biphasic particles and fibers from commercial poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) copolymers via electrohydrodynamic co‐jetting of two organic solutions loaded with fluorescent macromolecules and acetylene‐modified PLGA derivatives. (i) Spatially controlled reaction of poly[lactide‐co‐(propargyl glycolide)] with O‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐O′‐(2‐azidoethyl)heptaethylene glycol and (ii) subsequent conversion of the newly introduced amino groups with fluorescence probes resulted in particles and fibers with surface modification of one hemisphere only.magnified image
A proliferation‐related constraint on endogenous and interferon‐induced 2–5A synthetase activity in normal and neoplastic Syrian hamster cells
Authors: Hassel Bret A. , Ts'o Paul O. P. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract2–5A Synthetase is one of the most extensively characterized enzymes induced by interferon (IFN) and is the central enzyme in a pathway that may be involved in the control of cellular proliferation. We examined the activity of this enzyme in normal diploid Syrian hamster cells (FC13) and their neoplastically transformed derivatives (BP6T); the former cell strain possesses regulated proliferative control, while the latter cell line has escaped from this control. A significant threefold increase in 2–5A Synthetase activity was observed in density‐arrested versus proliferating FC13 cells, whereas endogenous enzyme activity was uniformly low in BP6T cultures. The increase in enzyme activity in FC13 cultures was not accompanied by the production of IFN at a detectable level, but was parallelled by an increase in the intracellular level of 2′,5′‐oligoadenylate. IFN treatment resulted in a differential induction of enzyme activity depending on the proliferative state of FC13 cells. After IFN treatment, BP6T cells and subconfluent FC13 cells responded similarly with a fivefold increase in enzyme activity, whereas confluent FC13 cells displayed only a 1.4‐fold increase. 2–5A Synthetase enzyme activity reflected steady‐state mRNA levels in BP6T and subconfluent FC13 cells. In contrast, a noncoordinate regulation of 2–5A synthetase mRNA expression and enzyme activity was detected in confluent FC13 cells, suggesting that posttranscriptional mechanisms may be involved. The different patterns of endogenous and IFN‐induced 2–5A synthetase enzyme activity in FC13 and BP6T cells found in this comparative study may represent an alteration fundamental to the loss of proliferative control in transformed cells.
Hassler and Dieckmann's seminal paper on stereotactic thalamotomy for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: Translation and critical reappraisal
Authors: Rickards Hugh , Wood Clare , Cavanna Andrea E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPapers concerning the use of deep brain stimulation to the thalamus for relief of symptoms of Tourette syndrome have frequently cited a paper by Hassler and Dieckmann, published in 1970. We present a translation of this paper and discussion in English. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Autonomic dysfunction in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Schmidt Claudia , Herting Birgit , Prieur Silke , Junghanns Susann , Schweitzer Katherine , Reichmann Heinz , Berg Daniela , Ziemssen Tjalf 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe most important features that characterize and differentiate progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) from other parkinsonian syndromes are postural instability, supranuclear gaze palsy, pseudobulbar palsy, and cognitive disturbances. Although it has been reported that significant autonomic dysfunction is an exclusionary feature for PSP diagnosis, we could demonstrate in this study using semiquantitative clinical interview and cardiovascular testing that both PSP and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) patients can present with significant autonomic dysfunction. The parasympathetic cardiovascular system seems to be involved to a similar extent in PD and PSP patients, whereas sympathetic cardiovascular dysfunction is more frequent and severe in PD patients, but can also be found in PSP patients. Our findings have a profound implication on the diagnosis and treatment of PSP patients. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Curcumin and the cellular stress response in free radical‐related diseases
Authors: Calabrese Vittorio , Bates Timothy E. , Mancuso Cesare , Cornelius Carolin , Ventimiglia Bernardo , Cambria Maria Teresa , Di Renzo Laura , De Lorenzo Antonino , Dinkova‐Kostova Albena T. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFree radicals play a main pathogenic role in several human diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and cancer. Although there has been progress in treatment of these diseases, the development of important side effects may complicate the therapeutic course. Curcumin, a well known spice commonly used in India to make foods colored and flavored, is also used in traditional medicine to treat mild or moderate human diseases. In the recent years, a growing body of literature has unraveled the antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and antinfectious activity of curcumin based on the ability of this compound to regulate a number of cellular signal transduction pathways. These promising data obtained in vitro are now being translated to the clinic and more than ten clinical trials are currently ongoing worldwide. This review outlines the biological activities of curcumin and discusses its potential use in the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
Remission induction in children with acute non‐lymphocytic leukemia using cytosine arabinoside and doxorubicin or daunorubicin: A report from the childrens cancer study group
Authors: Buckley Jonathan D. , Lampkin Beatrice C. , Nesbit Mark E. , Bernstein Irwin D. , Feig Stephen A. , Kersey John H. , Piomelli Sergio , Kim Tae , Hammond G. Denman 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFour hundred ninety evaluable patients were treated on an induction regimen consisting of two to four courses of cytosine arabinoside plus an anthracycline. Overall, 78% of patients went into remission, 10% died during induction, and 12% were induction failures. For the first 152 patients, courses consisted of 7 days continuous infusion with cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C, 100 mg/m2) and 3 days of doxorubicin (30 mg/m2). Because of unacceptable toxicity, particularly for children less than 3 years of age, the anthracycline was changed to daunorubicin, and the doses of both induction drugs for children under 3 was reduced. For children aged 3 years and older the change in anthracycline was associated with a significant increase in induction failures (7% to 16%, P = .04) and a decrease in deaths (15% to 8%, P = .09). For younger children, for whom doses were also changed, the effect was greater: Mortality decreased from 29% to 1% (P < .0001), and the remission induction rate increased from 66% to 88% (P = .005). The therapy modifications also influenced survival following remission induction: Daunorubicintreated patients, aged 3 years and over, did significantly better than those given doxorubicin (P = .03), but the opposite was seen in younger children (P = .06). Gastrointestinal and skin toxicities and septicemia were significantly more common when doxorubicin was being used, but the extent of myelosuppression was similar for the two anthracyclines.
A2B2 type miktoarm star copolymers via alkyne homocoupling reaction
Authors: Gungor Eda , Hizal Gurkan , Tunca Umit 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe terminal alkyne homocoupling reaction (oxidative alkyne coupling) is presented here as a new route for the preparation of A2B2 type 4‐miktoarm star copolymer. The block copolymer with terminal alkyne at the junction point prepared by NMP‐ATRP and ROP‐NMP sequential routes is coupled via diyne formation to give (PS)2‐(PMMA)2 and (PCL)2‐(PS)2 4‐miktoarm star polymers, respectively, by using a combination of (PPh3)2PdCl2/PPh3/CuI in a solvent mixture of Et3N/CH3CN at room temperature for 72 h. The molecular weight, intrinsic viscosity ([η]), radius of gyration (Rg), and hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of A2B2 4‐miktoarm star copolymers were calculated using triple‐detection GPC as results of three detectors response. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6703–6711, 2008