bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique secretory dynamics of tissue plasminogen activator and its modulation by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Suzuki Yuko , Mogami Hideo , Ihara Hayato , Urano Tetsumei 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe analyzed the secretory dynamics of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in EA.hy926 cells, an established vascular endothelial cell (VEC) line producing GFP-tagged tPA, using total internal reflection-fluorescence (TIR-F) microscopy. tPA-GFP was detected in small granules in EA.hy926 cells, the distribution of which was indistinguishable from intrinsically expressed tPA. Its secretory dynamics were unique, with prolonged (> 5 minutes) retention of the tPA-GFP on the cell surface, appearing as fluorescent spots in two-thirds of the exocytosis events. The rapid disappearance (mostly by 250 ms) of a domain-deletion mutant of tPA-GFP possessing only the signal peptide and catalytic domain indicates that the amino-terminal heavy chain of tPA-GFP is essential for binding to the membrane surface. The addition of PAI-1 dose-dependently facilitated the dissociation of membrane-retained tPA and increased the amounts of tPA-PAI-1 high-molecular-weight complexes in the medium. Accordingly, suppression of PAI-1 synthesis in EA.hy926 cells by siRNA prolonged the dissociation of tPA-GFP, whereas a catalytically inactive mutant of tPA-GFP not forming complexes with PAI-1 remained on the membrane even after PAI-1 treatment. Our results provide new insights into the relationship between exocytosed, membrane-retained tPA and PAI-1, which would modulate cell surface–associated fibrinolytic potential.
Primitive quiescent CD34+ cells in chronic myeloid leukemia are targeted by in vitro expanded natural killer cells, which are functionally enhanced by bortezomib
Authors: Yong Agnes S. M. , Keyvanfar Keyvan , Hensel Nancy , Eniafe Rhoda , Savani Bipin N. , Berg Maria , Lundqvist Andreas , Adams Sharon , Sloand Elaine M. , Goldman John M. , Childs Richard , Barrett A. John 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPrimitive quiescent CD34+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells are more biologically resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors than their cycling counterparts; however, graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) probably eliminate even these quiescent cells in long-term surviving CML transplant recipients. We studied the progeny of CD34+ cells from CML patients before SCT, which were cultured 4 days in serum-free media with hematopoietic growth factors. BCR-ABL expression was similar in both cycling and quiescent noncycling CD34+ populations. Quiescent CD34+ cells from CML patients were less susceptible than their cycling CD34+ and CD34− counterparts to lysis by natural killer (NK) cells from their HLA-identical sibling donors. Compared with cycling populations, quiescent CD34+ CML cells had higher surface expression of tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors DR4 and DR5. Bortezomib up-regulated TRAIL receptor expression on quiescent CD34+ CML cells, and further enhanced their susceptibility to cytotoxicity by in vitro expanded donor NK cells. These results suggest that donor-derived NK cell–mediated GVL effects may be improved by sensitizing residual quiescent CML cells to NK-cell cytotoxicity after SCT. Such treatment, as an adjunct to donor lymphocyte infusions and pharmacologic therapy, may reduce the risk of relapse in CML patients who require treatment by SCT.
Whole blood assessment of antigen specific cellular immune response by real time quantitative PCR: a versatile monitoring and discovery tool
Authors: Schultz-Thater Elke , Frey Daniel M , Margelli Daniela , Raafat Nermin , Feder-Mengus Chantal , Spagnoli Giulio C , Zajac Paul 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundMonitoring of cellular immune responses is indispensable in a number of clinical research areas, including microbiology, virology, oncology and autoimmunity. Purification and culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and rapid access to specialized equipment are usually required. We developed a whole blood (WB) technique monitoring antigen specific cellular immune response in vaccinated or naturally sensitized individuals.MethodsWB (300 μl) was incubated at 37°C with specific antigens, in the form of peptides or commercial vaccines for 5–16 hours. Following RNAlater addition to stabilize RNA, the mixture could be stored over one week at room temperature or at 4°C. Total RNA was then extracted, reverse transcribed and amplified in quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays with primers and probes specific for cytokine and/or chemokine genes.ResultsSpiking experiments demonstrated that this technique could detect antigen specific cytokine gene expression from 50 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) diluted in 300 μl WB. Furthermore, the high sensitivity of this method could be confirmed ex-vivo by the successful detection of CD8+ T cell responses against HCMV, EBV and influenza virus derived HLA-A0201 restricted epitopes, which was significantly correlated with specific multimer staining. Importantly, a highly significant (p = 0.000009) correlation between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) stimulated IL-2 gene expression, as detectable in WB, and specific antibody titers was observed in donors vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (HBV) between six months and twenty years before the tests. To identify additional markers of potential clinical relevance, expression of chemokine genes was also evaluated. Indeed, HBsAg stimulated expression of MIP-1β (CCL4) gene was highly significantly (p = 0.0006) correlated with specific antibody titers. Moreover, a longitudinal study on response to influenza vaccine demonstrated a significant increase of antigen specific IFN-γ gene expression two weeks after immunization, declining thereafter, whereas increased IL-2 gene expression was still detectable four months after vaccination.ConclusionThis method, easily amenable to automation, might qualify as technology of choice for high throughput screening of immune responses to large panels of antigens from cohorts of donors. Although analysis of cytokine gene expression requires adequate laboratory infrastructure, initial antigen stimulation and storage of test probes can be performed with minimal equipment and time requirements. This might prove important in "field" studies with difficult access to laboratory facilities.
Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the ileum causing recurrent intussusception and chronic ischaemia: a case report
Authors: O'Kane Anna M , O'Donnell Mark E , McCavert Mark , Taylor Kirsty , Lee Jack , Wilkinson Alan J 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Introduction
Inflammatory fibroid polyp is a rare condition of the gastrointestinal tract which can lead to intestinal obstruction.

Case presentation
We present a case of a 65-year-old woman presenting with a 1-month history of intermittent generalised abdominal pain. Computerised tomography imaging demonstrated intussusception of the small bowel. Histology of the resected small bowel revealed an inflammatory fibroid polyp with evidence of chronic ischaemia related to repeated intussusception. This rare complication of inflammatory fibroid polyps is reviewed.

Conclusion
Although computed tomography is useful in confirming an anatomical abnormality, final diagnosis requires histopathological analysis. Operative resection of the affected segment is recommended.
Focused Ion Beam as New Tool for Local Investigations of the Interaction of Microcracks with Grain Boundaries
Authors: Marx M. , Schaef W. , Welsch M. , Vehoff H. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
So far the interaction of microcracks with microstructural elements like grain boundaries or phase boundaries is described qualitatively well by the models of Tanaka and Navarro and De Los Rios. However, an experimentally verified quantitative description is missing due to a lack of systematic experiments. The concept by Marx and Schaef introduced a combination of a focused ion beam technique with high resolution scanning electron microscopy. It is the first method to initiate artificial microcracks with idealized crack parameters relative to selected phase and grain boundaries. This combination of characterizing and manipulating techniques on a micro-scale enables for the first time a systematic investigation of the interaction between short cracks and micro-structural barriers to check the models quantitatively. However, the geometry of the active slip planes in the adjacent grains, their misorientation angle, and the position of the grain boundary is a three-dimensional problem. Therefore the geometry was reconstructed after the crack propagation measurements by focused ion beam tomography to measure the inclination angles between the surface, the crack plane, and the grain boundary. The results should lead to a better understanding of the physical mechanisms of crack propagation through grain and phase boundaries, which is fundamental to explain the huge scatter in the short crack behavior and to develop materials with fatigue resistant grain boundaries.
Regulation of Caenorhabditis elegans Male Mate Searching Behavior by the Nuclear Receptor DAF-12
Authors: Kleemann Gunnar , Jia Lingyun , Emmons Scott W 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Coordination of animal behavior with reproductive status is often achieved through elaboration of hormones by the gonad. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, adult males explore their environment to locate mates. Mate searching is regulated by presence of mates, nutritional status, and a signal from the gonad. Here we show that the gonadal signal acts via the nuclear receptor DAF-12, a protein known to regulate several C. elegans life-history traits. DAF-12 has both activational and organizational functions to stimulate exploratory behavior and acts downstream of the gonadal signal, outside of the gonad. DAF-12 acts upstream of sensory input from mating partners and physiological signals indicating nutritional status. Mate searching was rescued in germ-line ablated animals, but not if both germ line and somatic gonad were ablated, by a precursor of the DAF-12 ligand, dafachronic acid (DA). The results are interpreted to suggest that the germ line produces a DA precursor that is converted to DA outside of the germ line, possibly in the somatic gonad. As it does in other pathways in which it functions, in regulation of male mate searching behavior DAF-12 acts at a choice point between alternatives favoring reproduction (mate searching) vs. survival (remaining on food).
Genetics of Mating and Sex Determination in the Parasitic Nematode Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Redman Elizabeth , Grillo Victoria , Saunders Gary , Packard Erica , Jackson Frank , Berriman Matt , Gilleard John Stuart 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Genetic analysis of parasitic nematodes has been a neglected area of research and the basic genetics of this important group of pathogens are poorly understood. Haemonchus contortus is one of the most economically significant livestock parasites worldwide and is a key experimental model for the strongylid nematode group that includes many important human and animal pathogens. We have undertaken a study of the genetics and the mode of mating of this parasite using microsatellite markers. Inheritance studies with autosomal markers demonstrated obligate dioecious sexual reproduction and polyandrous mating that are reported here for the first time in a parasitic helminth and provide the parasite with a mechanism of increasing genetic diversity. The karyotype of the H. contortus, MHco3(ISE) isolate was determined as 2n = 11 or 12. We have developed a panel of microsatellite markers that are tightly linked on the X chromosome and have used them to determine the sex chromosomal karyotype as XO male and XX female. Haplotype analysis using the X-chromosomal markers also demonstrated polyandry, independent of the autosomal marker analysis, and enabled a more direct estimate of the number of male parental genotypes contributing to each brood. This work provides a basis for future forward genetic analysis on H. contortus and related parasitic nematodes.
Thyroid disease in pregnancy
Authors: Girling Joanna 
Published: October 2008

Trimester‐specific reference ranges should be used to interpret thyroid function during pregnancy.
The fetus requires maternal thyroxine in the first trimester.
Optimal management of hypothyroidism should be achieved prior to conception; pregnant women may need to alter their dose of thyroxine in early pregnancy.
Treatment for hyperthyroidism can often be reduced in the third trimester, to minimise the risk of fetal hyperthyroidism, and then restored postnatally.
Human chorionic gonadotrophin‐driven hyperthyroidism in hyperemesis gravidarum usually resolves by 20 weeks and does not require antithyroid medication, although thyrotoxicosis must be excluded.

Learning objectives:

To understand the basis of and treatment options for hypothyroidism in pregnancy.
To appreciate the fetal and neonatal implications of maternal thyrotoxicosis.

Ethical issues:

Worldwide, iodine deficiency has devastating neurological effects on the fetus, many of which can be prevented by supplementation.

Please cite this article as: Girling J. Thyroid disease in pregnancy. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2008;10:237–243.
Nuclear Theory - Nuclear Power
Authors: Svenne J. , Canton L. , Kozier K. 
Published: October 2008

Nuclear Theory - Nuclear PowerThe results from modern nuclear theory are accurate and reliable enough to be used for practical applications, in particular for scattering that involves few-nucleon systems of importance to nuclear power. Using well-established nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions that fit well the NN scattering data, and the AGS form of the three-body theory, we have performed precise calculations of low-energy neutron-deuteron (n+d) scattering. We show that three-nucleon force effects that have impact on the low-energy vector analyzing powers have no practical effects on the angular distribution of then+dcross-section. There appear to be problems for this scattering in the evaluated nuclear data file (ENDF) libraries, at the incident neutron energies less than 3.2 MeV. Supporting experimental data in this energy region are rather old (>25 years), sparse and often inconsistent. Our three-body results at low energies, 50 keV to 10.0 MeV, are compared to the ENDF/B-VII.0 and JENDL (Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library) -3.3 evaluated angular distributions. The impact of these results on the calculated reactivity for various critical systems involving heavy water is shown.
Helminth parasites of the digestive system of sheep in Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Authors: Mazid MA , Bhattacharjee J , Begum N , Rahman MH 
Published: October 2008

Helminth parasites of the digestive system of sheep in Mymensingh, Bangladesh were studied during the period January to December, 2004. For this, the digestive system were collected from sheep slaughtered at slaughter houses of Mymensingh town and the Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus and were subjected to routine examination for the collection of helminth parasites. A total of 150 sheep were examined of which 142 (94.67%) were positive for one/more species of helminth parasites, among them six species belonged to trematodes, namely, Fasciola gigantica, Schistosoma indicum, Paramphistomum cervi, Cotylophoron cotylophorum, Grastrothylax crumenifer and Homalogaster paloniae, two species belonged to cestodes, namely, Moniezia expansa and Moniezia benedeni and three species belonged to nematodes, namely Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomum columbianum and Trichuris ovis. Relatively higher occurrence was recorded in winter season (100%) followed by rainy (96%) and summer (88.57%). In relation to age, the occurrence of helminth parasites in younger ( < 1 year) and in old (â¥2 years) sheep was 100% but in young (â¥1-2 years) was 76.09%.Â In relation to sex, the occurrence of helminth parasites was 100% in female and 78.57% in male sheep. Key words: Helminth, digestive system, sheep DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v4i2.1294 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (2): 117-122
Le pari de la carte de pain : Arithmétique, statistique ou psychologie ?
Authors: Morazé Charles 
Published: October 2008

Nous l'avons dit pour l'Histoire, redit pour l'Economie : tant vaut la Méthode, tant vaut la Solution.Voici un fait. Un fait français. Un fait récent. Il no s'agit pas, naturellement, de le traiter, ici, d'un point de vue partisan. Annales, revue d'Histoire. Mais l'Histoire a son mot à dire sur tout. Comment le Gouvernement français a-t-il pu, en 1946, et dans les conditions que l'on sait, annoncer la suppression définitive de la carte de pain, si peu de temps avant de la rétablir avec sévérité ? Je dis : curieux problème d'Histoire.
Sauter ou marquer l'étape ? Réflexions sur la modernisation des cultures marocaines
Authors: Febvre Lucien 
Published: October 2008

« La vie bédouine, c'est-à-dire la vie rurale, dans chaque coin du Maroc, est un tout cohérent. Les parties en sont liées, équilibrées, garanties par une réussite précaire, mais séculaire : la permanence même de cette vie. Dans le champ complexe de corrélations qui s'est établi de la sorte entre régimes et techniques agraires, mœurs sociales, comportement et type même de l'individu — toute variation d'un facteur pris isolément est bientôt paralysée. »Ainsi débute une remarquable étude de notre collaborateur M. J. Berque et de M. J. Couleau, étude publiée dans le Bulletin Economique et Social du Maroc, sous ce titre alléchant : Vers la modernisation du Fellah Marocain (juillet 1945).
L'essor des États-Unis et l'économie d'après guerre
Authors: Gottmann Jean 
Published: October 2008

Chacun, aujourd'hui, s'en va se demandant à quoi tient le destin de. l'humanité. Et voici qu'on n'a jamais si tranquillement parlé de prochaine guerre dans ce lendemain du plus dévastateur des massacres .dirigés par i'homme. Et voici que partout on .appelle la révolution sociale (et pour plusieurs son attrait n'est que l'inconnu); et voici déjà quelques chercheurs reprenant les fascinants calculs qui permettent l'évasion hors d'une terre qui n'est plus à l'échelle humaine. Et cependant, conférences succèdent aux conférences, retardant cette Conférence de la Paix, dont, pourtant, tout problème économique est prademment exclu…Comment ne pas être confondu de tant d'incertitudes ? L'humanité unifiée se prépare-t-elle à de sensationnelles conquêtes, ou va-t-clle périr de ses divisions internes ?L'article qu'on va lire, par les précisions qu'il apporte, nous aide à mieux comprendre cette crise .contemporaine de si grande portée.
Fils de riches ou nouveaux riches ?
Authors: Febvre Lucien 
Published: October 2008

Les Annales accueillent volontiers les deux notes qu'on va lire. Elles ouvrent, ou rouvrent, un gros débat, et sur un problème d'envergure : car le patriciat urbain n'est-il pas aux origines de la splendeur des villes d'Occident et, donc, tout simplement, de notre civilisation ? Elles donnent, d'autre part, un bon exemple d'indépendance critique, même vis-à-vis du génie.Portant en lui la fameuse théorie d'Henri Pirenne sur l'origine des villes eh général, et du patriqat urbain en particulier, M. l'abbé Lestocquoy s'aperçoit qu'elle ne cadre pas avec les données de fait que lui fournissent les archives d'Arras. Il le dit. Et, étendant ses recherches, il lie la question d'Arras à celle des villes d'Italie.
Un feuilleton ou comment vulgariser l'Histoire?
Authors: Febvre Lucien 
Published: October 2008

Dans le journal Le Monde, à la date du 6 février 1946, cette chronique : L'Histoire pour tous, par Émile Henriot. Comme je l'ai lue avec intérêt !Émile Henriot n'est pas un historien. C'est un lettré curieux — et la curiosité d'esprit n'est certes pas une petite vertu. Émile Henriot, c'est un homme qui lit avec passion, et qui se fait, par goût et par profession, l'interprète du Français cultivé de 1946, « fatigué du roman, de l'imaginaire et du contemporain, curieux de livres instructifs», et, donc, se précipitant sur les livres d'histoire romancée ou vulgarisée, que des faiseurs — plus habiles les uns cl moins les autres — offrent au public avec une profuse générosité.
A la lueur de l'expérience : l'École rurale, grave problème
Authors: Jacquet A.-V. 
Published: October 2008

La distance devient démesurée entre l'avant-garde humaine qui a réellement accès aux secrets de la nature et la masse à qui la science est refusée en tant qu'nstrument de culture intérieure, qui est réduite à n'en être touchée que par l'espoir de confort matériel ou la menace de destruction sauvage.Léon Brunschvicg, Les âges de l'intelligence.Après les brèves heures d'enthousiasme et d'euphorie qui suivirent la libération, le village a retrouvé son calme. Les réfugiés sont partis ; on voit moins de citadins en quête de ravitaillement. Les paysans semblent être redevenus ce qu'ils étaient avant la gvierre. On pourrait presque parler de leur indifférence à l'égard de la vie publique. En réalité, elle les passionne et les inquiète ; mais ils n'extériorisent pas leurs craintes. Cette crise économique, dont on ne voit pas la fin, les épouvante sourdement.
La notion d'exploitation agricole familiale. L'exemple de la Limagne
Authors: Coutin Pierre 
Published: October 2008

Il est facile de définir l'exploitation agricole familiale. C'est celle qu'une famille peut cultiver en employant les techniques rationnelles pratiquées de son temps, et en adoptant le système de culture le mieux adapté au sol et au climat. Il est facile aussi d'ajouter qu'elle doit être suffisamment étendue pour occuper et faire vivre la famille — mais pas trop, sinon elle exigerait de nombreux salariés et perdrait son caractère familial. Mais se rend-on suffisamment compte du fait que les dimensions d'une telle exploitation ne cessent de varier historiquement, en fonction de la densité de la population agricole active, des modifications de la technique, des changements du système de culture, du degré de commercialisation de l'agriculture ? Prenons’ u n exemple concret :I. — Dans la partie Nord de la Limagne, entre Clermont-Ferrand et Gannat, à la fin du XVIIIe siècle et au'début du XIXe, il y avait surtout des exploitations de vingt à trente hectares occupant plusieurs salariés.
Les origines du patriciat urbain: Henri Pirenne s'est-il trompé?
Authors: Lestocquoy Abbé , Espinas Georges 
Published: October 2008

Les études sur l'origine de la classe dirigeante des villes du moyen âge, ce curieux patriciat urbain, sont très peu avancées on France : le seul pays où l'on ait fait des recherches importantes sur ce sujet est l'Allemagne ; pour l'Italie, les documents, nombreux, n'ont pas donné lieu à des études de caractère général : les articles , parus dans cette revue, sur Venise et Gênes, si intéressants soient-ils, ne conslituent que des travaux d'approche.J'ai essayé de résoudre le problème pour Arras, où des documents littéraires donnent — comme à Florence — des lumières particulières. A leur étude, j'ai senti mes idées se transformer. J'avais été, comme beaucoup, enchanté par la simple et limpide clarté des synthèses de Pirenne, de ces livres si beaux qu'ils avaient éveillé en moi, il y a quinze ans, le désir d'apporter ma contribution à l'histoire sociale.