bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A technique for the insertion of holter ventriculoatrial shunt for infantile hydrocephalus
Authors: Tsingoglou Stavros , Forrest D M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A technique for the insertion of the Holter ventriculo-atrial shunt for the treatment of infantile hydrocephalus and the pre- and postoperative management of such patients is described.
The technique has been applied to 330 hydrocephalic children with minimal operative mortality and with a greatly reduced incidence of morbidity over previous methods. Simplification of the original method is considered an important factor in the satisfactory results.
The technique can be carried out in a general hospital without special equipment and by a surgeon with paediatric surgical experience but without special neurosurgical training.
Silicone fluid and steroids in the prevention of adhesions
Authors: Sachdeva H S , Gutierrez L V , Cox Alan G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A standard method was developed in the rat for making peritoneal adhesions which could be measured. The method was used to measure the effect of silicone fluid and of hydrocortisone on the formation of adhesions. Locally applied hydrocortisone and silicone fluid both reduced significantly the number and area of adhesions. Parenteral hydrocortisone had no effect on the formation of adhesions.
Epithelial hamartoma of liver
Authors: Roy A D , Bremner A D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The successful removal of an epithelial hamartoma from the liver of a 7-month-old African child is reported. This hamartoma weighed 1875 g. and is believed to be the largest tumour of this type described in such a young patient. This case indicates that a ‘hopeless abdomen’ is always worth exploring in anticipation of the occasional happy outcome.
The natural history of liver allo- and autotransplantation in the pig
Authors: Dent David M , Hickman Rosemary , Uys C J , Saunders Stuart , Terblanche John 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of 40 pig liver transplants surviving for at least 5 days is presented. Twenty orthotopic allografts are compared with 20 autograft controls, and in each group biliary drainage by a cholecystoduodenostomy (gall-bladder to duodenum anastomosis) is compared with a choledochocholedochostomy (direct bile-duct to bile-duct anastomosis).
The pigs with liver allotransplants usually demonstrated low-grade liver rejection, maximal during the second week, which subsequently spontaneously subsided without immunosuppression. However, in 15 per cent of the pigs the rejection process was more intense with death from rejection between the fifth and seventh days. Although prolonged survival was achieved in the remaining allografts, the final outcome was invariably a fatal one, owing either to gastric ulceration with haemorrhage or to infection. The mean survival time in the autograft controls was similar, and even when gastric ulceration was virtually eliminated in this group by a bile-duct to bile-duct anastomosis, death owing to infection usually occurred in the third week.
The autograft controls demonstrated the superiority of a direct bile-duct to bile-duct anastomosis in the pig, and reduced the incidence of biliary stasis and cholangitis as well as gastric ulceration in this group.
Repeated liver biopsies in both groups revealed that biochemical changes suggestive of rejection did not always represent rejection, but merely cholestasis, which could be caused by rejection or by other factors such as a cholestatic biliary anastomosis (cholecystoduodenostomy). This has important implications in human liver transplantation.
Intracerebral haemorrhage in closed head injury
Authors: Bishara S N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
All cases of intracerebral haematoma after closed head injury admitted to the Dunedin Neurosurgical Unit since its establishment in 1943 are reviewed. Attention is drawn to the not-infrequent occurrence of this type of traumatic intracranial haemorrhage, and its pathogenesis is discussed. An attempt is made to find some characteristic clinical features in the less acute cases. The importance of angiography in the diagnosis is emphasized and surgical treatment discussed. The results in the series reviewed were most encouraging with no operative mortality in 18 haematomas surgically evacuated and with complete recovery in 66 per cent. The factors influencing the prognosis are discussed, and a classification on a temporal and pathological basis is suggested.
A double-blind, controlled, clinical trial of spironolactone for benign prostatic hypertrophy
Authors: Castro J E , Griffiths H J L , Edwards D E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A double-blind, controlled, clinical trial of spironolactone (Aldactone-A), 50 mg. b. d., showed this to be better than a placebo for the short-term treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy, although the advantage was not maintained over a longer period of time. There was considerable response to the placebo and the importance of comparative trials with objective measurements is discussed.
The effect of selective gastric or extragastric vagotomy on gastric secretion in conscious cats
Authors: Spencer John , Grossman Morton I 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Earlier studies in dogs showed that in animals with gastric fistulas, selective gastric vagotomy decreased maximal acid secretion in response to gastrin but not to histamine, and that in animals with Heidenhain pouches, selective extragastric vagotomy increased maximal response to gastrin but not to histamine. The present study sought to determine whether similar changes occurred in cats. In cats with gastric fistulas, selective gastric vagotomy reduced maximal response to pentagastrin and to histamine by about the same extent. In cats with Heidenhain pouches, selective extragastric vagotomy had no effect on the response to pentagastrin. It is concluded that there is a species difference between the dog and the cat regarding the effects of selective gastric and selective extragastric vagotomy on gastric acid secretion in response to gastrin. It is not yet known whether man fits the pattern of the dog or the cat.
An appraisal of diagnostic paracentesis of the abdomen
Authors: McPartlin J F , McCarthy W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A simple method of paracentesis is described and shown to provide a safe, easy, and reliable means of examining abdominal fluid. The characteristics of the fluid associated with a variety of pathological conditions are discussed and the results of 100 consecutive taps are analysed. The technique is shown to be especially useful in certain groups of patients who otherwise present considerable diagnostic difficulty.
Superficial abscess formation: An unusual presenting feature of tuberculosis
Authors: Ward A S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Tuberculous abscess formation in the absence of underlying osteo-articular, tendon-sheath, or lymphnode infection is uncommon in this country, but is likely to become more important with increasing immigration. Details are reported of 32 patients notified to the City of Birmingham Public Health Department between January, 1964, and December, 1968. The disease was encountered mainly in immigrants attending casualty and surgical out-patient departments.
The presenting feature in all cases was a superficial, fluctuant, relatively painless swelling of several weeks' duration. Lesions were widespread although there was a tendency for the chest wall to be involved (15 patients). Chest radiographs showed evidence of pulmonary disease in approximately one-third of the case and an elevated erthroyte sedimentation rate with a normal white-cell count were constant findings. Prompt chemotherapy combined with either aspiration or incision and primary suture achieved rapid and complete resolution in nearly all patients. Incision without closure was inevitably followed by sinus formation and delay in healing.
Wound infection in undressed sutured wounds of the hand
Authors: Wood P B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of 265 sutured hand lacerations in an urban casualty department were grouped randomly into 3 groups: those receiving no dressing, an Elastoplast strip dressing, or a tubegauze dressing. Wounds showing microscopic or macroscopic pus at 10 days were deemed infected. Thirty-six per cent of wounds with no dressing became infected compared with 19 per cent and 16 per cent in the other two groups, this result being statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). The doctor suturing the wound, the age of the patient, and the use of prophylactic Triplopen also appeared to have a statistically significant influence on infection.
Deep-vein thrombosis in two district hospitals in Essex
Authors: Sripad Sushila , Antcliff A C , Martin Peter 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two groups, each of 50 patients over the age of 40 years, underwent elective operation at two district general hospitals in Essex. The incidences of calfvein thrombosis on routine 125I-fibrinogen scans after operation were 16 and 18 per cent respectively. The incidence in comparable samples of patients from three metropolitan teaching hospitals was about 33 per cent.
Femoral and sciatic compression neuropathy
Authors: Kubacz G J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of a femoral neuropathy following anticoagulant therapy is presented. A combined femoral, obturator, and sciatic nerve palsy resulting from complications of atherosclerotic disease of the aorta and iliac arteries is also described. The pathogenicity of the neuropathies is discussed and it is suggested that conservative management ought to be employed where such neuropathy has occurred spontaneously in a haemophiliac or during the course of anticoagulant therapy. Early surgery offers the only satisfactory outcome in those neuropathies associated with atherosclerotic disease of the major vessels.
Oedema at the site of small-bowel anastomoses
Authors: Shields M A , Dudley H A F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The change in water content of bowel tissue in the area of an end-to-end anastomosis was estimated by a desiccation technique. Significant oedema, sufficient to cause 5-10 per cent increase in tissue weight, could be demonstrated at the anastomotic site up to 96 hours after operation, when compared with control tissue. However, up to 48 hours the anastomoses were neither more nor less oedematous than the remainder of the bowel. After that time the oedema of the unanastomosed bowel began to decrease. It is concluded that the degree of oedema demonstrated, if applied to the human case, could only provok obstruction of a stoma already of critical size.
Mammary infarction
Authors: Pambakian H , Tighe J R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Three cases of mammary infarction are reported. One showed infarction of a fibro-adenoma in a nonlactating breast. In the second there were two lesions in lactating breasts, one an infarcted fibro-adenoma and the other an infarction of hyperplastic breast tissue, also probably a fibro-adenoma. The third case showed infarction of hyperplastic lactating breast tissue. The possibility of confusion with carcinoma of the breast is discussed.
Superior mesenteric embolectomy
Authors: Jago R H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A 57-year-old woman with embolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery was treated by embolectomy. It is remarkable that it has been possible to trace only 4 previous reports of successful embolectomy in the British literature. In view of the simplicity of the techniques involved this must be due to a failure of early diagnosis, resulting principally from the lack of abdominal signs characteristic of the condition. The common clinical findings are reviewed.
Ulnar arteriovenous fistula for maintenance haemodialysis
Authors: Kinnaert P , Vereerstraeten P , Geens M , Toussaint C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Sixteen ulnar arteriovenous fistulae have been performed in 11 patients. Three immediate thromboses occurred in the same patient. Six late thromboses were observed: 2 after kidney transplantation and 4 after haemodialysis. Seven out of the 10 patients in whom the fistula was used were dialysed adequately from 5 weeks to 15 months. No adverse effect owing to the fistula was noted.
The response of chronic gastritis to conservative treatment
Authors: Lawson H H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Gastroscopy and gastric biopsy have been carried out in human subjects before and after a course of conservative treatment for gastric ulceration or postgastrectomy dyspepsia due to gastritis. In the healing gastric ulcer the surrounding mucosa returns to histological normality, but in the postgastrectomy patient there is a persistent chronic gastritis around the stoma. In the gastric ulcer patient the cause of the gastritis may be the action of acid-pepsin on mucosa sensitized by bile reflux. In the postgastrectomy cases persistent gastritis may be due to the refluxing fluid itself causing the irritation, or to the absence of a protective effect exerted by the pyloric gland area.
Unusual presentation of seminoma of the testis
Authors: Evans C C , Kaufman H D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy associated with seminoma of the testis is described. The literature on the subject is reviewed including a classification of the neuropathies. Finally, because the neurological symptoms may well be transitory they should not be regarded as a contra-indication to treating the primary neoplastic process.
Depressed lymphocyte function in carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Whittaker M G , Clark C G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The reduced ability of lymphocytes from patients with carcinoma of the breast to transform in response to phytohaemagglution (PHA) is shown. The greatest depression of response was found in advanced or recurrent disease and is due, at least in part, to an abnormality in the patient's serum. Those patients who were clinically free from recurrence had no depression of response.
It is postulated that the reduced immunological reactivity in these patients is a secondary rather than a primary event and is possibly related to the extent and aggression of the disease. The practical usefulness of the test as an index of prognosis is being evaluated together with more conventional data.
Vagotomy for gastric ulcer combined with duodenal ulcer
Authors: Douglas M C , Duthie H L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Many of the favourable reports on the conservative treatment of gastric ulcers do not clearly define what proportion of the cases had associated duodenal disease. During the past 6 years we have treated 39 patients with gastric ulcers combined with duodenal ulcer or scarring by vagotomy and pyloroplasty. Over the same period 44 cases with gastric ulcer have been similarly treated.
At an average follow-up of just under 3 years the functional results were good for 83 per cent, satisfactory for 14 per cent, and poor for 3 per cent for combined ulcers, compared with 54 per cent, 25 per cent, and 21 per cent respectively for gastric ulcers. These differences are just statistically significant. Thus, vagotomy with pyloroplasty has been shown to give better results when used in the treatment of combined ulcers than when solitary gastric ulcers are treated by this operation.
Prognosis after ileal resection for Crohn's disease
Authors: Kyle James 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The recurrence rate in a series of 62 patients who underwent first resections for Crohn's disease of the ileum was determined by an actuarial method. After 5 years the recurrence rate was 18 per cent, and at 10 years it was 33 per cent. The prognosis was least favourable in young females with short clinical histories. The E.S.R., the length of intestine resected, and the histology of the bowel were of little value in prognosis. Extensive resections should be avoided. Recurrence more than 10 years after resection was not uncommon.
The incidence and pathogenesis of tracheal injury following tracheostomy with cuffed tube and assisted ventilation analysis of a 3-year prospective study
Authors: Andrews M J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Observations are reported from a 3-year prospective study of tracheal injury occurring in patients managed by cuffed-tube tracheostomy and assisted ventilation in the Respiratory Failure Unit at Toronto General Hospital. When the cuffed tracheostomy tube was finally removed an initial bronchoscopic examination of the trachea was performed. Further clinical and radiological assessments were made 3 weeks and 3 months later, using bronchoscopy when indicated.
The incidence of symptomatic tracheal stenosis in 153 patients studied was 21 per cent. Of these strictures, 18 occurred at the level of the tracheostome and 14 at the level of the inflatable cuff. Disability due to airway obstruction was severe in 18 and mild in 14 patients. These mild lesions might easily have remained undetected. Two patients with severe strictures died of airway obstruction before treatment could be instituted, a mortality of 6·2 per cent in patients developing strictures. The remaining 30 strictures required treatment either by dialtation alone or by dilatation and resection of the stricture with tracheal reanastomosis. Two of the 153 patients studied developed chronic tracheo-oesophageal fistulas.
The observations indicate that stenosis can be anticipated before the lesion has developed by the finding of circumferential mucosal ulceration or segmental collapse at the initial per stomal bronchoscopy.
Observations from the study prompted the following changes in technique:- A modification of the connexions between the tracheostomy tube and the respirator, with a subsequent reduction in symptomatic stenosis at the stomal level.A reduction in the diameter of tracheostomy tubes.A search for a less injurious inflatable cuff.
The conclusions reached by this study were as follows:– Tracheostomy tubes of large diameter predispose to the development of strictures at the level of the tracheostome in male patients.The presence of airway infection predisposes to stomal stenosis, and probably to cuff stenosis.Cuff strictures are commoner in female patients than in male patients.Age and pre-existing lung disease may be important in the production of stomal stenosis.The use of a deliberate routine follow-up examination to evaluate tracheal injury following tracheostomy and assisted ventilation is a necessary undertaking.
The delayed insulin test and recurrent duodenal ulceration
Authors: Watkin D F L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
It has previously been shown that insulin tests of gastric secretion carried out within 2 weeks of vagotomy and pyloroplasty give no indication of the patient's liability to recurrent duodenal ulceration. Delayed insulin tests (done 6 or more months postoperatively) have been compared in 100 patients without and 50 patients with recurrence after operation for duodenal ulceration. Complete discrimination between the groups was not achieved but the incidence of recurrence was related to the magnitude of the acid response. As no dividing line could be established to separate tests into positive and negative results, it is preferable that the actual figures for the gastric acid response to insulin be quoted. It is suggested that the peak acid concentration should be selected for this purpose. Separate estimates of the probability of recurrence associated with various levels of peak acid concentration have been made for routine insulin tests and for tests performed in patients with clinical evidence suggestive of recurrent ulceration.
On the importance of intracranial air
Authors: North J B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
1. The presence of air within the skull (aerocele, pneumocephalus) indicates that a fistula communicates to the exterior. Without operative repair 25 per cent of patients will develop meningitis as dural tears heal poorly.
2. Coexisting cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurs in only half of the patients with aerocele.
3. The appearance of an aerocele may be delayed for days, weeks, or even years after head injury.
4. Patients who after head injury complain of severe headache, have a fracture involving the paranasal sinuses, or who have a nasal discharge should have at least a brow-up lateral skull radiograph with a horizontal beam.
5. While awaiting a neurosurgical opinion penicillin and sulphadiazine should be given.
6. A Series of 41 cases of traumatic intracranial aerocele is presented.
Internal sphincterotomy and haemorrhoidectomy in acute haemorrhoids its value in reduction of postoperative pain
Authors: Smyrnis S A , Katsas A G , Georgiadis N J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two groups of 16 patients each were studied. All were operated on for prolapsed and thrombosed haemorrhoids. One group was subjected to the typical Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy, while in the other an internal sphincterotomy was carried out in addition to haemorrhoidectomy. This was done in an effort to determine the effect of internal sphincterotomy on the reduction of postoperative pain.
We were pleased to note a definite beneficial effect from the addition of sphincterotomy in patients aged under 40 years, although we found no significant difference in older patients.
Complete transection of the stomach and pancreas as a result of blunt trauma
Authors: Welch Theodore P , Prathnadi Pongsiri , Narco Supat 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case is reported of complete transection of the stomach and pancreas as a results of blunt trauma. The occurrence of transection of the stomach and transection of the pancreas and their management are reviewed. From a search of the medical literature this is the first recorded case in which both these injuries have occurred together.
Aneurysm of an anomalous hepatic artery
Authors: Little J M , Spence J W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The third case of hepatic artery aneurysm successfully treated by prosthetic grafting is reported. This appears to be the forty-third patient to survive surgical treatment for this condition. Hepatic artery aneurysms has a poor prognosis and operative treatment is justified when the diagnosis is made. While ligation will be required in some instances, excision of the aneurysm with restoration of arterial blood-flow to the liver is to be preferred.
Right-sided diverticulosis of the colon
Authors: Perry P M , Morson B C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The clinical and pathological features of 2 patients with diverticulosis confined to the right side of the colon are described. This is extremely rare in persons of Caucasian origin but seems to be the most common type of diverticulosis in certain Oriental races. More information about the epidemiology of the different varieties of diverticular disease of the colon is required in order to clarify the environmental factors involved.
Surgical survey of peptic ulcer in South India
Authors: Garlick F H , Rao P S S Sundar 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Between 1944 and 1960, 1138 consecutive patients operated on in the Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, for peptic ulcer were documented. Deaths within 1 month of operation gave an overall mortality of 3.3 per cent. Six hundred and seventy-eight patients with duodenal or gastric ulcer were operated on by one of three standard procedures, and were followed up for 5 to 15 years after operation. Relief of symptoms was obtained in 80 per cent of patients. Vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy was found to be the best standard operation.
The lateral view in the radiology of the rectum and rectosigmoid
Authors: Craig J O M C , Highman J H , Palmer F J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twenty-seven cases of rectal and rectosigmoid abnormality which had been demonstrated radiologically were reviewed in order to assess the value of the lateral projection. Twenty-one of these cases were derived from a consecutive series of 2500 bariumenema examinations in symptomatic patients. The value of the projection is emphasized as part of a routine barium-enema examination, but it is appreciated that other views may also be necessary and should be included whenever indicated. It is felt that examination of this area not only is a clinical responsibility but also merits meticulous radiological attention.