bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide gene expression profiling analysis of Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum developmental stages reveals substantial differences between the two species
Authors: Rochette Annie , Raymond Frédéric , Ubeda Jean-Michel , Smith Martin , Messier Nadine , Boisvert Sébastien , Rigault Philippe , Corbeil Jacques , Ouellette Marc , Papadopoulou Barbara 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundLeishmaniaparasites cause a diverse spectrum of diseases in humans ranging from spontaneously healing skin lesions (e.g.,L. major) to life-threatening visceral diseases (e.g.,L. infantum). The high conservation in gene content and genome organization betweenLeishmania majorandLeishmania infantumcontrasts their distinct pathophysiologies, suggesting that highly regulated hierarchical and temporal changes in gene expression may be involved.ResultsWe used a multispecies DNA oligonucleotide microarray to compare whole-genome expression patterns of promastigote (sandfly vector) and amastigote (mammalian macrophages) developmental stages betweenL. majorandL. infantum. Seven per cent of the totalL. infantumgenome and 9.3% of theL. majorgenome were differentially expressed at the RNA level throughout development. The main variations were found in genes involved in metabolism, cellular organization and biogenesis, transport and genes encoding unknown function. Remarkably, this comparative global interspecies analysis demonstrated that only 10–12% of the differentially expressed genes were common toL. majorandL. infantum. Differentially expressed genes are randomly distributed across chromosomes further supporting a posttranscriptional control, which is likely to involve a variety of 3'UTR elements.ConclusionThis study highlighted substantial differences in gene expression patterns betweenL. majorandL. infantum. These important species-specific differences in stage-regulated gene expression may contribute to the disease tropism that distinguishesL. majorfromL. infantum.
His-tag ELISA for the detection of humoral tumor-specific immunity
Authors: Goodell Vivian , McNeel Douglas , Disis Mary L 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
The application of high throughput molecular techniques such as SEREX are resulting in the identification of a multitude of tumor associated antigens. As newly identified antigens are incorporated into a variety of clinical trials, standardization of immunologic monitoring methods becomes increasingly important. We questioned whether mammalian cell expression of a histadine-linked human protein could be used to produce antigen suitable for detecting tumor-specific humoral immunity and whether such an assay could be amenable to standardization for clinical use.

Methods
We designed a his-tagged capture ELISA based on lysate from genetically engineered CHO cells for detection of antibodies to insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, a novel tumor antigen. We performed technical and preliminary clinical validation studies, including comparison to a standard indirect ELISA based on commercially prepared recombinant antigen.

Results
The his-tagged capture ELISA could be standardized. Precision experiments resulted in CVs < 15%. Linearity and calibration experiments demonstrated r2 values of 0.99. In comparison to Western blot analysis, his-tag and indirect ELISA accurately identified 88% and 93% of samples, respectively. Sample concordance between capture and indirect assays was highly significant (p = 0.003). Furthermore, significantly greater levels of IGFBP-2 antibody immunity were found in cancer patients compared to normal controls (p = 0.008).

Conclusion
A genetically engineered cell lysate based ELISA can be amenable to standardization and can detect increased levels of antibody immunity to tumor-associated antigen in cancer patients compared to non tumor-bearing healthy controls.
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensisJacq.) tissue culture ESTs: Identifying genes associated with callogenesis and embryogenesis
Authors: Low Eng-Ti L , Alias Halimah , Boon Soo-Heong , Shariff Elyana M , Tan Chi-Yee A , Ooi Leslie CL , Cheah Suan-Choo , Raha Abdul-Rahim , Wan Kiew-Lian , Singh Rajinder 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the most important oil bearing crops in the world. However, genetic improvement of oil palm through conventional breeding is extremely slow and costly, as the breeding cycle can take up to 10 years. This has brought about interest in vegetative propagation of oil palm. Since the introduction of oil palm tissue culture in the 1970s, clonal propagation has proven to be useful, not only in producing uniform planting materials, but also in the development of the genetic engineering programme. Despite considerable progress in improving the tissue culture techniques, the callusing and embryogenesis rates from proliferating callus cultures remain very low. Thus, understanding the gene diversity and expression profiles in oil palm tissue culture is critical in increasing the efficiency of these processes.

Results
A total of 12 standard cDNA libraries, representing three main developmental stages in oil palm tissue culture, were generated in this study. Random sequencing of clones from these cDNA libraries generated 17,599 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The ESTs were analysed, annotated and assembled to generate 9,584 putative unigenes distributed in 3,268 consensi and 6,316 singletons. These unigenes were assigned putative functions based on similarity and gene ontology annotations. Cluster analysis, which surveyed the relatedness of each library based on the abundance of ESTs in each consensus, revealed that lipid transfer proteins were highly expressed in embryogenic tissues. A glutathione S-transferase was found to be highly expressed in non-embryogenic callus. Further analysis of the unigenes identified 648 non-redundant simple sequence repeats and 211 putative full-length open reading frames.

Conclusion
This study has provided an overview of genes expressed during oil palm tissue culture. Candidate genes with expression that are modulated during tissue culture were identified. However, in order to confirm whether these genes are suitable as early markers for embryogenesis, the genes need to be tested on earlier stages of tissue culture and a wider range of genotypes. This collection of ESTs is an important resource for genetic and genome analyses of the oil palm, particularly during tissue culture development.
The interaction of vasoactive substances during exercise modulates platelet aggregation in hypertension and coronary artery disease
Authors: Petidis Konstantinos , Douma Stella , Doumas Michael , Basagiannis Ilias , Vogiatzis Konstantinos , Zamboulis Chrysanthos 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
Acute vigorous exercise, associated with increased release of plasma catecholamines, transiently increases the risk of primary cardiac arrest. We tested the effect of acute submaximal exercise on vasoactive substances and their combined result on platelet function.

Methods
Healthy volunteers, hypertensive patients and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) performed a modified treadmill exercise test. We determined plasma catecholamines, thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, endothelin-1 and platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen at rest and during exercise.

Results
Our results during exercise showed a) platelet activation (increased thromboxane B2, TXB2), b) increased prostacyclin release from endothelium and c) decreased platelet aggregation in all groups, significantly more in healthy volunteers than in patients with CAD (with hypertensives lying in between these two groups).

Conclusion
Despite the pronounced activation of Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) and increased TXB2 levels during acute exercise platelet aggregation decreases, possibly to counterbalance the prothrombotic state. Since this effect seems to be mediated by the normal endothelium (through prostacyclin and nitric oxide), in conditions characterized by endothelial dysfunction (hypertension, CAD) reduced platelet aggregation is attenuated, thus posing such patients in increased risk for thrombotic complications.
Gait characteristics of subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome and controls at self-selected and matched velocities
Authors: Paul Lorna , Rafferty Danny , Wood Leslie , Maclaren William 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
Gait abnormalities have been reported in individuals with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) however no studies exist to date investigating the kinematics of individuals with CFS in over-ground gait. The aim of this study was to compare the over-ground gait pattern (sagittal kinematics and temporal and spatial) of individuals with CFS and control subjects at their self-selected and at matched velocities.

Methods
Twelve individuals with CFS and 12 matched controls participated in the study. Each subject walked along a 7.2 m walkway three times at each of three velocities: self-selected, relatively slow (0.45 ms-1) and a relatively fast (1.34 ms-1). A motion analysis system was used to investigate the sagittal plane joint kinematics and temporal spatial parameters of gait.

Results
At self-selected velocity there were significant differences between the two groups for all the temporal and spatial parameters measured, including gait velocity (P = 0.002). For the kinematic variables the significant differences were related to both ankles during swing and the right ankle during stance. At the relatively slower velocity the kinematic differences were replicated. However, the step distances decreased in the CFS population for the temporal and spatial parameters. When the gait pattern of the individuals with CFS at the relatively fast walking velocity (1.30 ± 0.24 ms-1) was compared to the control subjects at their self-selected velocity (1.32 ± 0.15 ms-1) the gait pattern of the two groups was very similar, with the exception of both ankles during swing.

Conclusion
The self-selected gait velocity and/or pattern of individuals with CFS may be used to monitor the disease process or evaluate therapeutic intervention. These differences may be a reflection of the relatively low self-selected gait velocity of individuals with CFS rather than a manifestation of the condition itself.
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia developing in a patient with history of peripheral T-cell lymphoma: evidence for multicentric T-cell lymphoproliferative process
Authors: Gonzalez-Cuyar Luis F , Tavora Fabio , Zhao X Frank , Wang Guanghua , Auerbach Aaron , Aguilera Nadine , Burke Allen P 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a vasocentric process characterized by infiltrates of lymphocytes and eosinophils, usually affecting the muscular arteries of the head and neck. Currently it is unclear whether it is a reactive or neoplastic process.

Report
We present a 61-year-old African American male with a twenty year history of superficial skin patches involving the head and neck region. An excisional biopsy of a right submental lymph node revealed an atypical T-cell lymphocytic process, diagnosed as peripheral T-cell lymphoma after immunophenotyping and molecular studies. Three months later the patient underwent a biopsy of a left temporal nodule that was diagnosed as ALHE. Subsequently, at two year follow-up, the patient was diagnosed with Mycosis Fungoides. Polymerase chain reaction for T cell receptor gamma showed the same T-cell receptor gene rearrangement in both the temporal mass and the right submental lymph node.

Conclusion
ALHE with molecular evidence of monoclonality is extremely unusual, as is the association with nodal peripheral T-cell nodal lymphoma. The findings of this case support our hypothesis that ALHE might be an early form of T-cell lymphoma.
Labetalol infusion for refractory hypertension causing severe hypotension and bradycardia: an issue of patient safety
Authors: Fahed Samir , Grum Daniel F , Papadimos Thomas J 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Incremental doses of intravenous labetalol are safe and effective and, at times, such therapy may need to be augmented by a continuous infusion of labetalol to control severe hypertension. Continuous infusions of labetalol may exceed the recommended maximum daily dose of 300 mg on occasion. We report a case in which hypertension occurring after an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, initially responsive to intermittent intravenous beta-blockade, became resistant to this therapy leading to the choice of an intravenous labetalol infusion as the therapeutic option. The labetalol infusion resulted in a profound cardiovascular compromise in this postoperative critically ill patient. While infusions of labetalol have successfully been used, prolonged administration in the intensive care unit requires vigilance and the establishment of a therapeutic rationale/policy for interventions, such as the ready availability of glucagon, β-agonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, insulin, and vasopressin when severe cardiovascular depression occurs.
Membrane transporters and protein traffic networks differentially affecting metal tolerance: a genomic phenotyping study in yeast
Authors: Ruotolo Roberta , Marchini Gessica , Ottonello Simone 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Background
The cellular mechanisms that underlie metal toxicity and detoxification are rather variegated and incompletely understood. Genomic phenotyping was used to assess the roles played by all nonessential Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins in modulating cell viability after exposure to cadmium, nickel, and other metals.

Results
A number of novel genes and pathways that affect multimetal as well as metal-specific tolerance were discovered. Although the vacuole emerged as a major hot spot for metal detoxification, we also identified a number of pathways that play a more general, less direct role in promoting cell survival under stress conditions (for example, mRNA decay, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and iron acquisition) as well as proteins that are more proximally related to metal damage prevention or repair. Most prominent among the latter are various nutrient transporters previously not associated with metal toxicity. A strikingly differential effect was observed for a large set of deletions, the majority of which centered on the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) and retromer complexes, which - by affecting transporter downregulation and intracellular protein traffic - cause cadmium sensitivity but nickel resistance.

Conclusion
The data show that a previously underestimated variety of pathways are involved in cadmium and nickel tolerance in eukaryotic cells. As revealed by comparison with five additional metals, there is a good correlation between the chemical properties and the cellular toxicity signatures of various metals. However, many conserved pathways centered on membrane transporters and protein traffic affect cell viability with a surprisingly high degree of metal specificity.
1-Chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2,2,2]octane Bis(tetrafluoroborate) as Novel and Versatile Reagent for the Rapid Thiocyanation of Indoles, Azaindole, and Carbazole
Authors: Yadav J S , Reddy B V Subba , Reddy Y Jayasudhan 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
SelectfluorTM is found to catalyze efficiently the electrophilic thiocyanation of indoles and pyrrole with ammonium thiocyanate under mild and neutral conditions to produce the corresponding 3-indolyl and 2-pyrrolyl thiocyanates, respectively, in excellent yields with high selectivity. This method is effective even with azaindole and carbazole while many of reported procedures failed to produce thiocyanates from azaindole.
A DFT Study on Formation of Bisaryl Oxime Ether from Benzaldehyde and Phenoxyamine
Authors: Wang Guilei , Chen Yue , Zhong Aiguo , Du Hongguang , Lei Ming 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
A theoretical study on the formation mechanism of bisaryl oxime ether from benzaldehyde and phenoxyamine at the B3LYP/6-31++G** level indicates that the water-assisted acid-catalyzed mechanism is more favorable than that in neutral conditions. Intermolecular interactions between monomers of E and Z producing stereoisomers are predicted to play an important role in their stabilities.
Identification of a Linkage Disequilibrium Block in Chromosome 1q Associated With BMD in Premenopausal White Women
Authors: Ichikawa Shoji , Koller Daniel L , Curry Leah R , Lai Dongbing , Xuei Xiaoling , Pugh Elizabeth W , Tsai Ya-Yu , Doheny Kimberly F , Edenberg Howard J , Hui Siu L , Foroud Tatiana , Peacock Munro , Econs Michael J 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors. A major determinant of osteoporotic fractures is peak BMD obtained during young adulthood. We previously reported linkage of chromosome 1q (LOD = 4.3) with variation in spinal areal BMD in healthy premenopausal white women. In this study, we used a two-stage genotyping approach to identify genes in the linked region that contributed to the variation of femoral neck and lumbar spine areal BMD. In the first stage, 654 SNPs across the linked region were genotyped in a sample of 1309 premenopausal white women. The most significant evidence of association for lumbar spine (p = 1.3 × 10−6) was found with rs1127091 in the GATAD2B gene. In the second stage, 52 SNPs around this candidate gene were genotyped in an expanded sample of 1692 white women. Significant evidence of association with spinal BMD (p &lt; 10−5), and to a lesser extent with femoral neck BMD, was observed with eight SNPs within a single 230-kb linkage disequilibrium (LD) block. The most significant SNP (p = 3.4 × 10−7) accounted for &gt;2.5% of the variation in spinal BMD in these women. The 230-kb LD block contains 11 genes, but because of the extensive LD, the specific gene(s) contributing to the variation in BMD could not be determined. In conclusion, the significant association between spinal BMD and SNPs in the 230-kb LD block in chromosome 1q indicates that genetic factor(s) in this block plays an important role in peak spinal BMD in healthy premenopausal white women.
Hyperlipidemia Impairs Osteoanabolic Effects of PTH
Authors: Huang Michael S , Lu Jinxiu , Ivanov Yevgeniy , Sage Andrew P , Tseng Wendy , Demer Linda L , Tintut Yin 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Epidemiological and in vitro studies have suggested that hyperlipidemia/oxidized phospholipids adversely affect bone. We recently found that oxidized phospholipids attenuate PTH-induced cAMP and immediate-early gene (IEG) expression in MC3T3-E1 cells, raising concerns that clinical hyperlipidemia may attenuate osteoanabolic effects of PTH in vivo. Thus, we studied whether intermittent PTH treatment has differential osteoanabolic effects in wildtype (C57BL/6) and hyperlipidemic (LDLR−/−) mice. Consistent with our previous in vitro studies, induction of IEGs in calvarial tissue, 45 min after a single dose of recombinant hPTH(1-34), was attenuated in LDLR−/− mice compared with C57BL/6 mice. Daily hPTH(1-34) injections for 5 wk significantly increased total and cortical BMD and BMC, assessed by pQCT, in C57BL/6 mice. However, this induction was completely abrogated in LDLR−/− mice. Similarly, PTH(1-34) failed to increase BMD in another hyperlipidemic mouse model, ApoE−/− mice. Histomorphometric analysis showed that trabecular bone of both mice responded similarly to PTH(1-34). Structural parameters improved significantly in response to PTH(1-34) in both mouse strains, although to a lesser degree in LDLR−/− mice. With PTH(1-34) treatment, osteoblast surface trended toward an increase in C57BL/6 mice and increased significantly in LDLR−/− mice. PTH(1-34) did not alter resorption parameters significantly, except for the eroded surface (ES/BS), which was reduced in the C57BL/6 but not in the LDLR−/− mice. These results show that PTH(1-34) has adverse effects on cortical bones of the hyperlipidemic mice, suggesting that the therapeutic effects of PTH may be compromised in the presence of hyperlipidemia.
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Carotid MRI Flow Cytometry Study of Monocyte and Platelet Markers: Intraindividual Variability and Reliability
Authors: Catellier Diane J , Aleksic Nena , Folsom Aaron R , Boerwinkle Eric 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Background: Cellular markers help identify different components of a pathological process and may contribute to the diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and management of patients with suspected syndromes. Flow cytometry can be used to accurately assess markers of platelet and leukocyte activation and cellular aggregation in whole blood. To use cell markers as predictors of disease requires that they be measured reliably and show modest within-individual, day-to-day variation.
Methods: We used whole blood flow cytometry to analyze monocyte and platelet markers in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Carotid MRI study. We estimated laboratory variability using 20 split samples, process variation using replicate blood tubes taken from 112 subjects, and biologic plus process variation using replicate blood samples taken 4–8 weeks apart from 55 people.
Results: For most analytes, the laboratory CV was &lt;10% (mean 3.6%, range 0%–14.5%) and reliability was excellent (75% of analytes had R &gt; 0.90). Reliability coefficients based on repeat-visit data indicated substantial to high repeatability (R &gt; 0.60) for CD14, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, CD162, CD61, CD41, CD62P, CD154, and platelet–leukocyte aggregates. In contrast, TLR-4, CD45, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 had slight to moderate repeat visit reliability.
Conclusions: The high repeatability results for selected platelet and monocyte markers indicate that they can be reliably measured in multicenter studies with delayed sample processing, provided that rigorous standardization of sample collection, shipping, and flow cytometry procedures is applied.
Making sense: A reconstruction of people's understandings of the European constitutional referendum in the Netherlands
Authors: Baden Christian , de Vreese Claes H. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
This article investigates how voters made sense of the Dutch EU constitutional referendum. Based on a series of focus group interviews, it identifies what information people based their understandings on, and traces the relations they draw between concepts in their own accounts of their vote choices. Applying a cognitive connectionist perspective on the construction of meaning, it models people's considerations as paths across semantic networks. It finds that people shared considerable parts of the knowledge underlying their constructions, but used this information quite differently. They strategically selected frames from their information environment, and reframed contrary arguments to fit their constructions. Yes- and No-voters drew in systematically different additional information, while simultaneously engaging idiosyncratic concerns to personalize their accounts. People's understandings are thus informed and constrained, but by no means determined, by public discourse. Highlighting people's activity and creativity, this paper calls for a stronger audience perspective in political communication research.