bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omega‐3 supplementation in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms
Authors: Freund‐Levi Yvonne , Basun Hans , Cederholm Tommy , Faxén‐Irving Gerd , Garlind Anita , Grut Mikaela , Vedin Inger , Palmblad Jan , Wahlund Lars‐Olof , Eriksdotter‐Jönhagen Maria 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological and animal studies have suggested that dietary fish or fish oil rich in omega‐3 fatty acids (ω3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), may have effects in psychiatric and behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). An association with APOEω4 carriers and neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD has also been suggested.ObjectiveTo determine effects of dietary ω3 supplementation to AD patients with mild to moderate disease on psychiatric and behavioral symptoms, daily functions and a possible relation to APOEgenotype.MethodsRandomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial where 204 AD patients (74 ± 9 years) with acetylcholine esterase inhibitor treatment and a MMSE >15 points were randomized to daily intake of 1.7 g DHA and 0.6 g EPA (ω3 group) or placebo for 6 months. Then, all received the ω3 supplementation for 6 more months. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were measured with Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Montgomery Åsberg Depression Scale (MADRS). Caregivers burden and activities of daily living (Disability Assessment for Dementia, DAD) were also assessed.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐four patients fulfilled the trial. 72% were APOEω4 carriers. No significant overall treatment effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms, on activities of daily living or on caregiver's burden were found. However, significant positive treatment effects on the scores in the NPI agitation domain in APOEω4 carriers (p = 0.006) and in MADRS scores in non‐APOEω4 carriers (p = 0.005) were found.ConclusionsSupplementation with ω3 in patients with mild to moderate AD did not result in marked effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms except for possible positive effects on depressive symptoms (assessed by MADRS) in non‐APOEω4 carriers and agitation symptoms (assessed by NPI) in APOEω4 carriers. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00211159 Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LES analysis of flow and turbulent mixing in an unsteady jet
Authors: Kawanabe Hiroshi , Kawasaki Kiyoshi , Seno Toshio , Kondo Chihiro , Shioji Masahiro 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe flow and mixing process of unsteady jets are fundamentally analyzed by large eddy simulations. The effects of nozzle velocity and turbulence intensity on the turbulent eddy structure and mixing process between the nozzle fluid and ambient fluid were investigated. The results show that a toroidal‐shaped vortex, which emerges around the jet tip, primarily accelerates the entraining flow. Also, increasing the turbulence intensity in the nozzle encourages mixing in the jet without changing the jet‐contour. Furthermore, when the rise‐up time of the initial nozzle velocity is elongated, turbulent mixing is suppressed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(5): 303–313, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20158
Numerical simulation of model scramjet combustor flowfield
Authors: Wang Yuan‐Guang , Xu Xu , Cai Guo‐Biao 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new concept has been raised and adopted in this paper to enlarge the scope of the two‐dimensional model particularly for the purpose of dealing with three‐dimensional normal injection cases. Meanwhile, the method has a very good performance for its short cyclic period. The new idea was realized through special resolution with continuity equations; i.e., mass flow was directly added in the source term of the continuity equation. To prove the robustness of this illuminating method, comparisons using calculations were carried out, and the results are satisfactory. A model scramjet combustor tested on the free‐jet scramjet test facility was illustrated and underwent numerical calculations with the two‐dimensional program, adopting the above simplified injecting method. To simulate the chemical reaction process in the scramjet tunnel, a five‐species, single‐step reaction model was introduced in the calculation process. This research presents the major aerodynamic parameters and components of mass fraction distribution within the model combustor channel, which made it easy to observe and analyze the flowfield. Finally, wall pressure comparisons between the numerical and experimental results were carried out to verify the accuracy of the calculation model. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(5): 295– 302, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20159
Numerical oscillatory on the simulation of thermoacoustic waves
Authors: Jiping Liu , Zhijie Zhou , Daotong Chong , Junjie Yan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe SIMPLE algorithm for compressible flows is introduced to predict the thermoacoustic wave in a one‐dimensional closed region. The thermoacoustic waves are generated by an impulsive rise of the temperature on the left wall, while the other walls are kept at the initial temperature. Four different schemes are employed to deal with the convection‐diffusion terms, i.e., CD, FUD, QUICK, and MUSCL. The calculations and analysis show that numerical oscillation occurs under all four schemes, affected by the intensity of the waves, type of schemes, and other factors. The results are beneficial for the further investigation of the thermoacoustic waves and high efficiency scheme development. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(5): 265– 275, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20162
A hybrid LES/RANS approach using anisotropy‐resolving algebraic turbulence models for predicting turbulent heat transfer
Authors: Inuzuka Minoru , Abe Ken‐Ichi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn order to derive a possible path for developing a large eddy simulation (LES) applicable to high Reynolds‐number turbulent flows with heat transfer, a hybrid approach connecting LES with the Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) modeling in the near‐wall region is studied. In this study, an advanced non‐linear eddy‐viscosity model and a higher‐order extension of the generalized gradient diffusion hypothesis model are introduced to resolve the near‐wall turbulence and turbulent heat transfer more correctly. To investigate the model performance in detail, the proposed model is applied to fully developed plane channel flows with various grid resolutions. The present model provides encouraging results for further development of this kind of hybrid LES/RANS model. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(5): 249–264, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20163
A model for predicting behavioural sleep problems in a random sample of Australian pre‐schoolers
Authors: Hall Wendy A. , Zubrick Stephen R. , Silburn Sven R. , Parsons Deborah E. , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBehavioural sleep problems (childhood insomnias) can cause distress for both parents and children. This paper reports a model describing predictors of high sleep problem scores in a representative population‐based random sample survey of non‐Aboriginal singleton children born in 1995 and 1996 (1085 girls and 1129 boys) in Western Australia. Longitudinal repeated data were collected up to age 4 years by caregiver report. Children's sleep rhythmicity levels in their first year, as well as conflicted and lax parenting in their second year, predicted higher scores on the sleep problem scale from the Child Behaviour Checklist/2–3 in the children's third year. Higher scores on the sleep problem scale in the children's third year predicted higher scores on the aggressive behaviour subscale of the Child Behaviour Checklist/4–16. The results support a model in which sleep problems mediated the relationship between parental conflict and aggressive behaviour, even when controlling for maternal depression, which has been associated with children's aggressive behaviour. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smokeless tobacco and increased risk of hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers: A multicentric case–control study from India
Authors: Sapkota Amir , Gajalakshmi Vendhan , Jetly Dhaval H. , Roychowdhury Soma , Dikshit Rajesh P. , Brennan Paul , Hashibe Mia , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers are among the most common cancers in India. In addition to smoking, tobacco chewing may be a major risk factor for some of these cancers in India. Using data from a multicentric case–control study conducted in India that included 513 hypopharyngeal cancer cases, 511 laryngeal cancer cases and 718 controls, we investigated smoking and chewing tobacco products as risk factors for these cancers. Bidi smoking was a stronger risk factor compared to cigarette smoking for cancer of the hypopharynx (ORbidi 6.80 vs. ORcig 3.82) and supraglottis (ORbidi 7.53 vs. ORcig 2.14), while the effect of the 2 products was similar for cancer of the glottis (ORbidi 5.32 vs. ORcig 5.74). Among never‐smokers, tobacco chewing was a risk factor for hypopharyngeal cancer, but not for laryngeal cancer. In particular, the risk of hypopharyngeal cancer increased with the use of Khaini (OR 2.02, CI 0.81–5.05), Mawa (OR 3.17, CI 1.06–9.53), Pan (OR 3.34, CI 1.68–6.61), Zarda (OR 3.58, CI 1.20–10.68) and Gutkha (OR 4.59, CI 1.21–17.49). A strong dose‐response relationship was observed between chewing frequency and the risk of hypopharyngeal cancer (ptrend < 0.001). An effect of alcohol on cancer of the hypopharynx and supraglottis was observed only among daily drinkers (OR 2.22, CI 1.11–4.45 and OR 3.76, CI 1.25–11.30, respectively). In summary, this study shows that chewing tobacco products commercially available in India are risk factors for hypopharyngeal cancer, and that the potency of Bidi smoking may be higher than that of cigarette smoking for hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulating metastasis by a lymphangiogenic switch in prostate cancer
Authors: Brakenhielm Ebba , Burton Jeremy B. , Johnson Mai , Chavarria Nelson , Morizono Kouki , Chen Irvin , Alitalo Kari , Wu Lily 
Published: June 2007

AbstractProstate cancer dissemination is difficult to detect in the clinic, and few treatment options exist for patients with advanced‐stage disease. Our aim was to investigate the role of tumor lymphangiogenesis during metastasis. Further, we implemented a noninvasive molecular imaging technique to facilitate the assessment of the metastatic process. The metastatic potentials of several human prostate cancer xenograft models, LAPC‐4, LAPC‐9, PC3 and CWR22Rv‐1 were compared. The cells were labeled with luciferase, a bioluminescence imaging reporter gene, to enable optical imaging. After tumor implantation the animals were examined weekly during several months for the appearance of metastases. Metastatic lesions were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the angiogenic and lymphangiogenic profiles of the tumors were characterized. To confirm the role of lymphangiogenesis in mediating metastasis, the low‐metastatic LAPC‐9 tumor cells were engineered to overexpress VEGF‐C, and the development of metastases was evaluated. Our results show CWR22Rv‐1 and PC3 tumor cell lines to be more metastatic than LAPC‐4, which in turn disseminates more readily than LAPC‐9. The difference in metastatic potential correlated with the endogenous production levels of lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGF‐C and the presence of tumor lymphatics. In agreement, induced overexpression of VEGF‐C in LAPC‐9 enhanced tumor lymphangiogenesis leading to the development of metastatic lesions. Taken together, our studies, based on a molecular imaging approach for semiquantitative detection of micrometastases, point to an important role of tumor lymphatics in the metastatic process of human prostate cancer. In particular, VEGF‐C seems to play a key role in prostate cancer metastasis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The E8 repression domain can replace the E2 transactivation domain for growth inhibition of HeLa cells by papillomavirus E2 proteins
Authors: Stubenrauch Frank , Straub Elke , Fertey Jasmin , Iftner Thomas 
Published: June 2007

AbstractContinuous expression of the human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins E6 and E7 is required for the growth of cervical cancer cell lines. So far, only the overexpression of the wild type papillomavirus E2 protein has been shown to induce growth arrest in HPV18‐positive HeLa cells by repressing E6/E7 transcription. Growth arrest by E2 requires the aminoterminal transcription activation domain in addition to the carboxyterminal DNA‐binding domain. Several papillomaviruses such as the carcinogenic HPV31 express in addition to E2 an E8∧E2C fusion protein in which the E8 domain, which is required for repression of replication and transcription, replaces the E2 activation domain. In this report, we demonstrate that the HPV31 E8∧E2C protein is able to inhibit the growth of HeLa cells but not of HPV‐negative C33A cervical cancer cells. Growth repression by E8∧E2C correlates with repression of the endogenous HPV18 E6/E7 promoter and the reappearance of E6‐ and E7‐regulated p53, pRb and p21 proteins, suggesting that E8∧E2C inhibits growth by reactivating dormant tumor suppressor pathways. Growth inhibition requires an intact E8 repression domain in addition to the carboxyterminal E2C DNA binding domain. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments suggest that the E8 repression domain enhances binding to the HPV18 promoter sequence in vivo. In summary, our results demonstrate that the small E8 repression domain can functionally replace the large E2 transactivation domain for growth inhibition of HeLa cervical cancer cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intakes of coffee, tea, milk, soda and juice and renal cell cancer in a pooled analysis of 13 prospective studies
Authors: Lee Jung Eun , Hunter David J. , Spiegelman Donna , Adami Hans‐Olov , Bernstein Leslie , van den Brandt Piet A. , Buring Julie E. , Cho Eunyoung , English Dallas , Folsom Aaron R. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Gile Graham G. , Giovannucci Edward , Horn‐Ross Pamela L. , Leitzmann Michael , Marshall James R. , Männistö Satu , McCullough Marjorie L. , Miller Anthony B. , Parker Alexander S. , Pietinen Pirjo , Rodriguez Carmen , Rohan Thomas E. , Schatzkin Arthur , Schouten Leo J. , Willett Walter C. , Wolk Alicja , Zhang Shumin M. , Smith‐Warner Stephanie A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSpecific beverage intake may be associated with the risk of renal cell cancer through a diluting effect of carcinogens, alterations of hormone levels, or other changes in the renal tubular environment, but few prospective studies have examined these associations. We evaluated the associations between coffee, tea, milk, soda and fruit and vegetable juice intakes and renal cell cancer risk in a pooled analysis of 13 prospective studies (530,469 women and 244,483 men). Participants completed a validated food‐frequency questionnaire at baseline. Using the primary data, the study‐specific relative risks (RRs) were calculated and then pooled using a random effects model. A total of 1,478 incident renal cell cancer cases were identified during a follow‐up of 7–20 years across studies. Coffee consumption was associated with a modestly lower risk of renal cell cancer (pooled multivariate RR for 3 or more 8 oz (237 ml) cups/day versus less than one 8 oz (237 ml) cup/day = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.67–1.05;pvalue, test for trend = 0.22). Tea consumption was also inversely associated with renal cell cancer risk (pooled multivariate RR for 1 or more 8 oz (237 ml) cups/day versus nondrinkers = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.71–1.02;pvalue, test for trend = 0.04). No clear associations were observed for milk, soda or juice. Our findings provide strong evidence that neither coffee nor tea consumption increases renal cell cancer risk. Instead, greater consumption of coffee and tea may be associated with a lower risk of renal cell cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibronectin silanized titanium alloy: A bioinductive and durable coating to enhance fibroblast attachment in vitro
Authors: Middleton C.A. , Pendegrass C.J. , Gordon D. , Jacob J. , Blunn G.W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLong term success of percutaneous implants is dependent on soft tissue attachment to prevent infection and epithelial downgrowth, which leads to failure of the implant. Fibronectin coatings are known to enhance fibroblast attachment in vitro, but are subject to desorption from serum protein competition in vivo. This paper quantifies the binding of fibronectin to titanium alloy by silanization and the durability of this attachment when soaked in protein‐rich fluid compared with adsorbed fibronectin. The biological activity of fibronectin bound to silanized titanium alloy was confirmed by analyzing cell area, morphology, immunolocalization of focal contacts, and metabolism of dermal fibroblasts. This was compared with both adsorbed fibronectin and uncoated titanium alloy. Silanized titanium alloy bound over twice the amount of fibronectin compared to untreated titanium alloy. On soaking in fetal calf serum there was no significant loss of fibronectin (p = 0.589) from the silanized surface but a significant 44% loss (p = 0.002) from untreated surfaces. Fibroblasts on silanized fibronectin had significantly larger cell areas and more vinculin focal contact markers when compared to untreated surfaces (p < 0.005). The results confirm the durability of silanized fibronectin from protein competition and bioactive effect on fibroblasts. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Effects on coagulation of a synthetic heparan mimetic given intraperitoneally or orally
Authors: Charef Said , Petit Emmanuel , Barritault Denis , Courty José , Caruelle Jean‐Pierre 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOTR4120, which belongs to a family of heparan sulfate‐mimetic polymers, promotes tissue repair when injected locally in doses of a few micrograms. As OTR4120 is a sulfated polysaccharide, we investigated its possible role on the coagulation cascade. We used both in vitro and in vivo assays. Increases in clotting times (thrombin time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time) occurred with OTR4120 in doses at least 10 times lower than heparin. OTR4120 dose‐dependently inhibited the biological activity of thrombin and bound thrombin with an affinity of 14 ± 2 nM. SDS‐PAGE showed that OTR4120 induced the formation of covalently linked complexes between antithrombin III or heparin cofactor II and thrombin. OTR4120 induced anticoagulant effects, and antithrombin activity was greatest 90 min after intraperitoneal injection. No bleeding or significant platelet count changes occurred with doses smaller than 55 mg/kg. Interestingly, orally administered OTR4120 crossed the gastrointestinal barrier and, in a dose of 70 mg/kg, induced significant ex vivo antithrombotic activity in the bloodstream. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Transglutaminase crosslinked gelatin as a tissue engineering scaffold
Authors: Yung C.W. , Wu L.Q. , Tullman J.A. , Payne G.F. , Bentley W.E. , Barbari T.A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGelatin is one of the most commonly used biomaterials for creating cellular scaffolds due to its innocuous nature. In order to create stable gelatin hydrogels at physiological temperatures (37°C), chemical crosslinking agents such as glutaraldehyde are typically used. To circumvent potential problems with residual amounts of these crosslinkers in vivo and create scaffolds that are both physiologically robust and biocompatible, a microbial transglutaminase (mTG) was used in this study to enzymatically crosslink gelatin solutions. HEK293 cells encapsulated in mTG‐crosslinked gelatin proliferated at a rate of 0.03 day‐1. When released via proteolytic degradation with trypsin, the cells were able to recolonize tissue culture flasks, suggesting that cells for therapeutic purposes could be delivered in vivo using an mTG‐crosslinked gelatin construct. Upon submersion in a saline solution at 37°C, the mTG‐crosslinked gelatin exhibited no mass loss, within experimental error, indicating that the material is thermally stable. The proteolytic degradation rate of mTG‐crosslinked gelatin at RT was slightly faster than that of thermally‐cooled (physically‐crosslinked) gelatin. Thermally‐cooled gelatin that was subsequently crosslinked with mTG resulted in hydrogels that were more resistant to proteolysis. Degradation rates were found to be tunable with gelatin content, an attribute that may be useful for either long‐time cell encapsulation or time‐released regenerative cell delivery. Further investigation showed that proteolytic degradation was controlled by surface erosion. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Effect of ionic activity products on the structure and composition of mineral self assembled on three‐dimensional poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) scaffolds
Authors: Shin Kyungsup , Jayasuriya Ambalangodage C. , Kohn David H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA biomimetic approach involving the self‐assembly of mineral within the pores of three‐dimensional porous polymer scaffolds is a promising strategy to integrate advantages of inorganic and organic phases into a single material for hard tissue engineering. Such a material enhances the ability of progenitor cells to differentiate down an osteoblast lineage in vitro and in vivo, compared with polymer scaffolds. The mechanisms regulating mineral formation in this one‐step process, however, are poorly understood, especially the effects of ionic activity products (IP) of the mineralizing solution and incubation time. The aims of this study were to define the structure and composition of mineral formed within the pores of biodegradable polymer scaffolds as a function of IP and time. Three‐dimensional poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) scaffolds were fabricated by solvent casting/particulate leaching and incubated for 4–16 days in six variants of simulated body fluid whose IPs were varied by adjusting ionic concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated the formation of carbonated apatite with sub‐micrometer sized crystals that grew into spherical globules extending out of the scaffold pore surfaces. As IP increased, more mineral grew on the scaffold pore surfaces, but the apatite became less crystalline and the Ca/P molar ratio decreased from 1.63 ± 0.005 to 1.51 ± 0.002. Since morphology, composition, and structure of mineral are factors that affect cell function, this study demonstrates that the IP of the mineralizing solution is an important modulator of material properties, potentially leading to enhanced control of cell function. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007