bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness analysis of two interventions to promote physical activity in a multiethnic population at high risk of diabetes: an economic evaluation of the 48-month PROPELS randomized controlled trial
Authors: Heathcote Laura Ellen , Pollard Daniel J , Brennan Alan , Davies Melanie J , Eborall Helen , Edwardson Charlotte L , Gillett Michael , Gray Laura J , Griffin Simon J , Hardeman Wendy , Henson Joseph , Khunti Kamlesh , Sharp Stephen , Sutton Stephen , Yates Thomas 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionPhysical activity (PA) is protective against type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, data on pragmatic long-term interventions to reduce the risk of developing T2D via increased PA are lacking. This study investigated the cost-effectiveness of a pragmatic PA intervention in a multiethnic population at high risk of T2D.Materials and methodsWe adapted the School for Public Health Research diabetes prevention model, using the PROPELS trial data and analyses of the NAVIGATOR trial. Lifetime costs, lifetime quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for each intervention (Walking Away (WA) and Walking Away Plus (WA+)) versus usual care and compared with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’s willingness-to-pay of £20 000–£30 000 per QALY gained. We conducted scenario analyses on the outcomes of the PROPELS trial data and a threshold analysis to determine the change in step count that would be needed for the interventions to be cost-effective.ResultsEstimated lifetime costs for usual care, WA, and WA+ were £22 598, £23 018, and £22 945, respectively. Estimated QALYs were 9.323, 9.312, and 9.330, respectively. WA+ was estimated to be more effective and cheaper than WA. WA+ had an ICER of £49 273 per QALY gained versus usual care. In none of our scenario analyses did either WA or WA+ have an ICER below £20 000 per QALY gained. Our threshold analysis suggested that a PA intervention costing the same as WA+ would have an ICER below £20 000/QALY if it were to achieve an increase in step count of 500 steps per day which was 100% maintained at 4 years.ConclusionsWe found that neither WA nor WA+ was cost-effective at a limit of £20 000 per QALY gained. Our threshold analysis showed that interventions to increase step count can be cost-effective at this limit if they achieve greater long-term maintenance of effect.Trial Registration numberISRCTN registration:ISRCTN83465245: The PRomotion Of Physical activity through structuredEducation with differing Levels of ongoing Support for those with pre-diabetes (PROPELS)https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN83465245.
Pilot feasibility and efficacy of a strategy to sustain A1C improvement among diverse adults with type 2 diabetes completing a diabetes care management program
Authors: Montero Alex Renato , Nassar Carine M , Ahmed Saba , Magee Michelle 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionEvidence-based strategies are needed to sustain improvements in outcomes following diabetes care management (DCM) programs. We examined the impact of Boot Camp-Plus (BC-Plus), an innovative sustaining strategy, on A1C among adults with type 2 diabetes completing a 3-month Diabetes Boot Camp (DBC). This health system sponsored program consisted of diabetes self-management education and support, medical nutrition therapy and antihyperglycemic medications management.Research design and methodsFrom March 2019 to July 2021, adult DBC completers with Medicare or a health system Medicaid or employee commercial plan were enrolled in BC-Plus for 9 months. DBC completers not meeting insurance eligibility or who declined to participate in BC-Plus acted as controls. During the first 3 months, BC-Plus participants received ongoing daily remote blood glucose (BG) monitoring; and during all 9 months, they received monthly check-in calls with BG review by a medical assistant who addressed needs for supplies/drugs, whether participants were checking BGs, and self-care encouragement. Escalation to a nurse practitioner occurred if the monthly BG trend was >200 mg/dL and/or several BG <80 mg/dL and/or new A1C >9.0% were identified. A1C was followed for an additional 9 months post-BC-Plus. A longitudinal mixed effects analysis was used to assess change in A1C from month 0 to month 21 of follow-up between BC-Plus participants versus controls.ResultsA total of 838 DCM completers were identified, among whom 281 joined the BC-Plus intervention and 557 acted as controls. Mean age was 55.9 years; 58.2% were women; 66.2% were black; and 30.6% insured by Medicare. BC-Plus participants experienced significantly lower A1C compared with controls and remained below 8.0% to month 18.ConclusionsAmong completers of a 3-month DCM program, a low intensity 9-month sustaining strategy maintained A1C under 8.0% (HEDIS (Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set) threshold for diabetes control) compared with controls for 15 months after completion of the initial DCM intervention.
Interconnections between unintended pregnancy, alcohol and other drug use, and pregnancy, birth, infant, childhood and socioeconomic outcomes: a scoping review
Authors: McNamara Kelly A , Murnion Bridin , Fotheringham Penelope , Terplan Mishka , Lintzeris Nicholas , Oei Ju Lee , Bond Diana M , Nassar Natasha , Black Kirsten I 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundUnintended pregnancy (UIP) and substance use disorder share underlying root causes with similar impacts for women and their offspring in pregnancy, birth and beyond. Furthermore, intoxication with alcohol and other drugs (AOD) increases the risk of UIP.ObjectivesTo assess the available evidence on associations between UIP and health, social and economic outcomes, in women who use AOD.Search strategyThe review utilised the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology for Scoping Reviews and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) reporting guidelines. The search was conducted across multiple databases, including Scopus and Medline, and limited to studies published between January 2000 to June 2023.Selection criteriaStudies reporting on interactions between AOD use and UIP, and pregnancy, birth, infant, childhood, social or economic outcomes. All patterns and types of AOD use, except isolated use of tobacco, were included. Studies were available in English and conducted in high-income countries.Data collection and analysisSelected articles were reviewed, and data collected by two independent reviewers using a standardised data extraction sheet. Findings were summarised and reported descriptively.Main resultsA total of 2536 titles and abstracts were screened, 97 full texts were reviewed, and three studies were selected for inclusion in the scoping review. There was heterogeneity in types and patterns of AOD use, differences in study design and tools to assess pregnancy intention, and each focused on disparate outcomes. No study assessed or reported on birth outcomes.ConclusionThere is a paucity of data examining the intersection between AOD use and UIP and further research is needed.
Birth cohort effects on diagnosed atrial fibrillation incidence: nationwide cohort study from 1980 to 2018
Authors: Vinter Nicklas , Cordsen Pia , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Benjamin Emelia J , Frost Lars , Trinquart Ludovic 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) shows substantial temporal trends, but the contribution of birth cohort effects is unknown. These effects refer to the relationship between birth year and the likelihood of developing AF. We aimed to assess trends in cumulative incidence of diagnosed AF across birth cohorts and to disentangle the effects of age, birth cohort and calendar period by using age–period–cohort analyses.MethodsIn a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study, 4.7 million individuals were selected at a given index age (45, 55, 65 and 75 years) free of AF and followed up for diagnosed AF. For each index age, we assessed trends in 10-year cumulative incidence of AF across six 5-year birth cohorts. An age–period–cohort model was estimated using Poisson regression with constrained spline functions collapsing data into 1-year intervals across ages and calendar years.ResultsCumulative incidence of AF diagnosis increased across birth cohorts for all index ages (ptrend<0.001). Compared with the first birth cohort, the diagnosed AF incidence rate ratio in the last birth cohort was 3.0 (95% CI 2.9 to 3.2) for index age 45 years, 2.9 (2.8 to 3.0) for 55 years, 2.8 (2.7 to 2.8) for 65 years and 2.7 (2.6 to 2.7) for 75 years. Age–period–cohort analyses showed substantial birth cohort effects independent of age, with no clear period effect. Compared with individuals born in 1930, the diagnosed AF incidence rate was 0.125 smaller among individuals born in 1885 and was four times larger among individuals born in 1975.ConclusionSubstantial birth cohort effects, independent of age and calendar period, influence trends in diagnosed AF incidence.
Rationale and design of Treatment of Acute Ischaemic Stroke with Edaravone Dexborneol II (TASTE-2): a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wang Chunjuan , Gu Hong-Qiu , Dong Qiang , Xu Anding , Wang Ning , Yang Yi , Wang Feng , Wang Yongjun 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundEdaravone dexborneol is believed to be a novel cytoprotective drug, demonstrating a synergistic combination of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in animal models. The Treatment of Acute Ischaemic Stroke with Edaravone Dexborneol (TASTE) trial demonstrated its superior efficacy over edaravone alone for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients. However, its efficacy in individuals undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT) remains uncertain.AimTo clarify the rationale and design of the TASTE II (TASTE-2) trial.DesignThe TASTE-2 is a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of edaravone dexborneol in patients with AIS and large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation. The eligible participants, presenting with a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score between 6 and 25 (range 0–42, with larger values suggesting severe neurological dysfunction) and an Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score ranging from 6 to 10 (range 0–10, with smaller values suggesting larger infarction) within the initial 24 hours after symptom onset, will be randomly allocated to either the edaravone dexborneol group or the placebo group in equal proportions prior to thrombectomy. The treatment will be continuously administered for a duration of 10–14 days. A follow-up period of 90 days will be implemented for all participants.Study outcomesThe primary efficacy outcome is defined as achieving favourable functional independence, measured by a modified Rankin Scale of 0–2 at 90 days. The primary safety outcome focuses on the incidence of serious adverse events.DiscussionThe TASTE-2 trial will provide evidence to determine whether the administration of edaravone dexborneol in AIS patients undergoing EVT could yield significant improvements in neurological function.
Non-zero temperature study of spin 1/2 charmed baryons using lattice gauge theory
Authors: Aarts Gert , Allton Chris , Anwar M. Naeem , Bignell Ryan , Burns Timothy J. , Jäger Benjamin , Skullerud Jon-Ivar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study the behaviour of spin 1/2 charmed baryons as the temperature increases. We make use of anisotropic lattice QCD simulations with $$N_f = 2 + 1$$

N
f

=
2
+
1

dynamical flavours. After determining the positive and negative parity ground state masses at the lowest temperature, we investigate the effect of rising temperature using ratios of thermal lattice correlators with both so-called reconstructed correlators and with simple model correlators. This avoids difficulties associated with non-zero temperature fitting or spectral reconstruction. We find that temperature effects are prominent throughout the hadronic phase for all negative parity channels considered and for some positive parity channels. Subsequently and where possible, we determine the masses of the ground states as a function of temperature. Finally we consider the effect of chiral symmetry restoration and extract an estimate of the pseudocritical temperature from singly charmed baryonic correlators.
Conserved number fluctuations under global rotation in a hadron resonance gas model
Authors: Mukherjee Gaurav , Dutta Dipanwita , Mishra Dipak Kumar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNet-baryon number, net-charge and net-strangeness fluctuations measured in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions may reveal details and insights into the quark-hadron transition, hadrochemical freeze-out and possibly aid in the search of the QCD critical point. By scanning in collision energy, current and upcoming heavy-ion facilities aim to explore the finite density regime where the critical point may lie. Effects due to rotation are also expected in case of peripheral collisions and we report on conserved number susceptibilities as calculated in the hadron resonance gas model augmented by a global angular velocity. Since these quantities are directly related to the experimentally measurable moments of the corresponding distributions our results show the possible impact of vorticity on the theoretical baseline and should be useful for referencing with experimental data and QCD-based calculations.
Quantum spread complexity in neutrino oscillations
Authors: Dixit Khushboo , Haque S. Shajidul , Razzaque Soebur 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuantum information theory has recently emerged as a flourishing area of research and quantum complexity, one of its powerful measures, is being applied for investigating complex systems in many areas of physics. Its application to practical physical situations, however, is still few and far between. Neutrino flavor oscillation is a widely studied physical phenomena with far reaching consequences in understanding the standard model of particle physics and to search for physics beyond it. Oscillation arises because of mixing between the flavor and mass eigenstates, and their evolution over time. It is an inherent quantum system for which flavor transitions are traditionally studied with probabilistic measures. We have applied quantum complexity formalism as an alternate measure to study neutrino oscillations. In particular, quantum spread complexity revealed additional information on the violation of charge-parity symmetry in the neutrino sector. Our results indicate that complexity favors the maximum violation of charge-parity, hinted recently by experimental data.
Evolving demographics: a dynamic clustering approach to analyze residential segregation in Berlin
Authors: Masías H. Víctor H. , Stier Julia , Navarro R. Pilar , Valle Mauricio A. , Laengle Sigifredo , Vargas Augusto A. , Crespo R. Fernando A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the phenomenon of residential segregation in Berlin over time using a dynamic clustering analysis approach. Previous research has examined the phenomenon of residential segregation in Berlin at a high spatial and temporal aggregation and statically, i.e. not over time. We propose a methodology to investigate the existence of clusters of residential areas according to migration background, age group, gender, and socio-economic dimension over time. To this end, we have developed a sequential mixed methods approach that includes a multivariate kernel density estimation technique to estimate the density of subpopulations and a dynamic cluster analysis to discover spatial patterns of residential segregation over time (2009-2020). The dynamic analysis shows the emergence of clusters on the dimensions of migration background, age group, gender and socio-economic variables. We also identified a structural change in 2015, resulting in a new cluster in Berlin that reflects the changing distribution of subpopulations with a particular migratory background. Finally, we discuss the findings of this study with previous research and suggest possibilities for policy applications and future research using a dynamic clustering approach for analyzing changes in residential segregation at the city level.
Vibrational spectrum of Granular packings with random matrices
Authors: Narayan Onuttom , Mathur Harsh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The vibrational spectrum of granular packings can be used as a signature of the jamming transition, with the density of states at zero frequency becoming nonzero at the transition. It has been proposed previously that the vibrational spectrum of granular packings can be approximately obtained from random matrix theory. Here, we show that the autocorrelation function of the density of states shows good agreement between dynamical numerical simulations of frictionless bead packs near the jamming point and the analytic predictions of the Laguerre orthogonal ensemble of random matrices; there is clear disagreement with the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble, establishing that the Laguerre ensemble correctly reproduces the universal statistical properties of jammed granular matter and excluding the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble. We also present a random lattice model which is a physically motivated variant of the random matrix ensemble. Numerical calculations reveal that this model reproduces the known features of the vibrational density of states of frictionless granular matter, while also retaining the correlation structure seen in the Laguerre random matrix theory.

Graphic abstract
Analytical simulation of Darcy–Forchheimer flow of hybrid nanofluid through cone with nonlinear heat source and chemical reaction
Authors: Khan Husna A. , Nazeer Ghazala , Inc Mustafa 
Published: March 2024

This paper intends to discuss the hybrid nanofluid flow through a cone in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous media, containing base fluid Methanol (CH3OH), nanoparticles of titanium oxide (TiO2) and copper (Cu). We have examined the flow under the influences of mixed convection, viscous dissipation, chemical reaction, and nonlinear heat source. In hybrid nanofluid flow, viscous dissipation and mixed convection play a crucial role in heat exchangers. By accounting for both mixed convection and viscous dissipation, the addition of nanoparticles into a base fluid improves the transfer of heat and optimizes the performance of the cooling system. Using the laws of conservation, governing equations have been constructed. The flow model is converted using the appropriate similarity transformations from partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. The homotopy analysis method is used to solve the updated system of equations. When Forchheimer inertial drag parameter is increased, the velocity profile decreases, but it rises when the Darcy number is increased. As the value of exponential heat source parameter rises, the temperature profile increases as well. The result exposes that with an increment in nanoparticle volume fraction, temperature profile also rises but velocity profile decreases.
Polo-like Kinase 1 Inhibition inKRAS-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Stebbing Justin , Bullock Andrea J. 
Published: March 2024

Summary:Inhibition of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a promising new target and therapeutic strategy in metastatic colorectal cancer, especially those with KRAS mutations. New data support further development of onvansertib, and highlights the role of circulating tumor DNA in phase I clinical trials.See related article by Ahn et al., p. 2039
Heterogeneity of State Stroke Center Certification and Designation Processes
Authors: Feldmeier Madeline , Kim Anthony S. , Zachrison Kori S. , Alberts Mark J. , Shen Yu-Chu , Hsia Renee Y. 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Stroke centers are critical for the timely diagnosis and treatment of acute stroke and have been associated with improved treatment and outcomes; however, variability exists in the definitions and processes used to certify and designate these centers. Our study categorizes state stroke center certification and designation processes and provides examples of state processes across the United States, specifically in states with independent designation processes that do not rely on national certification.

METHODS:
In this cross-sectional study from September 2022 to April 2023, we used peer-reviewed literature, primary source documents from states, and communication with state officials in all 50 states to capture each state’s process for stroke center certification and designation. We categorized this information and outlined examples of processes in each category.

RESULTS:
Our cross-sectional study of state-level stroke center certification and designation processes across states reveals significant heterogeneity in the terminology used to describe state processes and the processes themselves. We identify 3 main categories of state processes: No State Certification or Designation Process (category A; n=12), State Designation Reliant on National Certification Only (category B; n=24), and State Has Option for Self-Certification or Independent Designation (category C; n=14). Furthermore, we describe 3 subcategories of self-certification or independent state designation processes: State Relies on Self-Certification or Independent Designation for Acute Stroke Ready Hospital or Equivalent (category C1; n=3), State Has Hybrid Model for Acute Stroke Ready Hospital or Equivalent (category C2; n=5), and State Has Hybrid Model for Primary Stroke Center and Above (category C3; n=6).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study found significant heterogeneity in state-level processes. A better understanding of how these differences may impact the rigor of each process and clinical performance of stroke centers is worthy of further investigation.
The stance and factors of international organizations towards countries from a Chinese perspective
Authors: Zhang Qin , Xue Haili , Wang Yaotian , Wang Yao , Zhang Ziqin , Qin Qinghua , Liang Haoguang 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The degree and scope of constraints imposed by International Organizations (IOs) on States are increasing, and identifying the factors affecting the IOs’ stances on States is helpful to enhance the state's discourse power and influence in the international community. First, by coding the records of Regular Press Conferences of the Speaking Office of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs during the period of 20182022, we obtained a dataset of IOs’ stances on China-related events. Second, we constructed political relation, economic relation, and humanistic relation indicators to complement the influence factors, adopted the Bayesian logit model, and applied the Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithm and Gibbs sampling to analyze the probability of IOs’ positive stances towards China. The result shows that IOs’ category, length of establishment, functional position, and relationship with China are all related to their tendency of making a statement about China. In terms of the heterogeneity of event types, forum-type IOs are significantly inclined to give positive assessment compared to service-type IOs on events focusing on China's own development. Further analysis reveals that the model for analyzing and predicting the attitudes of IOs is more effective when the international situation is in a stable period.