bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dyeability improvement of polyester pretreated with some alkoxides
Authors: Bendak A. , Raslan W. M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe influence of some alkoxides in alcoholic media, having various dielectric constants, on the physical and mechanical properties was thoroughly studied in a previous work to attain silk‐like polyester fibers. In this investigation, the dyeability behavior of this silk‐like polyester is tried. Both immersion and padding techniques are applied in the treatment. The dyeability of the pretreated polyester fabric with disperse dyes shows some progressive improvements with lowering the dyeing temperature and/or decreasing the time of dyeing attained. Ethoxide is found to be more effective in enhancing the dyeability of polyester fabric than either methoxide or propoxide. Dyeing of the pretreated polyester fabric at the boil without using carriers or conducting high temperature/high pressure dyeing is also possible. Washing and crocking fastness are relatively enhanced. Physicochemical investigations of the dyeing process and a mathematical analysis for evenness are given. A decrease in the half dyeing time and an increase in the rate of dyeing of the pretreated polyester as compared with the untreated one are noticed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Surface modification of ultra high modulus polyethylene fibers by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Wang T. , Wang C. , Qiu Y. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTo improve their adhesion properties, ultra high modulus polyethylene (UHMPE) fibers were treated by an atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet (APPJ), which was operated at radio frequency (13.56 MHz). The surface properties of the fibers were investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement. The surface dyeability improvement after plasma treatments was investigated using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The adhesion strengths of the fibers with epoxy were evaluated by microbond tests. In addition, the influence of operational parameters of the plasma treatment including power input and treatment temperature was studied. XPS analysis showed a significant increase in the surface oxygen content. LSCM results showed that the plasma treatments greatly increased fluorescence dye concentrations on the surface and higher diffusion rate to the fiber center. The tensile strength of UHMPE fiber either remained unchanged or decreased by 10–13.6% after plasma treatment. The contact angle exhibited a characteristic increase in wettability, due to the polar groups introduced by plasma treatment. The microbond test showed that the interfacial shear strengths (IFSS) increase significantly (57–139%) after plasma treatment for all groups and the optimum activation is obtained at 100°C and 5 W power input. SEM analysis showed roughened surfaces after the plasma treatments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Structure and processability of iodinated poly(vinyl alcohol). IV. Drawability of the films iodinated at solution before casting
Authors: Shin Eun Joo , Lee Yang Hun , Choi Suk Chul 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe drawability of iodinated at solution before casting (IBC) polyvinyl alcohol films prepared by casting aqueous solutions of 10 wt % PVA containing 15.2, 39.8, 83.2, 117.0, and 140.1% was examined with a tensile tester at 20–60°C. The tensile behavior of IBC films showed that the yield and breaking loads were much lower, and the breaking elongation was even higher than those of the unoriented iodinated after casting (IAC) films as well as the untreated PVA films. The maximum draw ratios of the films with the weight gain of 15.2, 39.8, 83.2, 117, and 140.1% were 4.5, 5.5, 8.5, 8.0, and 7.5, respectively, which were achieved at 20°C in all. The crystallinity of all films increased by the maximum draw, regardless of crystallinity before drawing. The crystalline structure was recovered to the original PVA crystalline lattice by deiodination. Amorphous orientation and initial moduli increased with the maximum draw ratio, while the orientation of crystals was constant. The orientation and moduli increased up to the weight gain of 83.2%, whose highest draw ratio and initial modulus were 8.5 and of 7.1 GPa, respectively, and then decreased. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Preparation and characterization of a semi‐interpenetrating network gel polymer electrolyte
Authors: Li Wei‐Li , Xu Li‐Xing , Luo Dan , Yuan Ming‐Yong , Yang Mujie 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPoly(PEG200 maleate) was synthesized as a new type crosslinkable prepolymer and the semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) gel electrolytes were prepared by means of thermal polymerization. Their intrinsic properties were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffractions (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, alternating current impedance (AC impedance), and linear sweep voltammetry. The prepared polymer hosts are transparent and have good mechanical properties. The results of DSC and XRD confirm that the prepared hosts are in amorphous state and they can hold enough liquid electrolytes, which is favorable for Li+ ions to transport via both the absorbed liquid electrolyte and the gel of the entire systems. The semi‐IPN gel electrolytes exhibit high ionic conductivity on the order of 10−3 S cm−1. Their electrochemical stability up to +4.6 V against Li+/Li also makes them potential candidates for application as polymer electrolytes in devices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Nanocomposite of chitosan and silver oxide and its antibacterial property
Authors: Hu Zhigang , Chan Wing Lai , Szeto Yau Shan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAn aqueous emulsion of chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating silver oxide is prepared from silver nitrate and chitosan. The nanoparticles are positively charged with an average diameter of 300 nm. The dried particle has a spherical shape with a 100 nm diameter. The emulsion is applied onto cotton and delivers a durable antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, after 20 washings. The coefficient of friction of the treated fabric is similar to that of the untreated cotton fabric. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Diffusion through swelling membranes with a Robin boundary condition
Authors: Puri P. , Liu Q. , De Kee D. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA Robin boundary condition at the downstream surface of stretched membrane is used to study diffusion through swollen polymer membranes. Four dimensionless parameters are used to describe the diffusion process. These parameters are associated with the effect of swelling, relaxation, and retardation times of the polymer matrix as well as the normal derivative condition at the downstream side of the membrane. The effect of these four parameters is discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Metal ion‐imprinted polymer microspheres derived from copper methacrylate for selective separation of heavy metal ions
Authors: Dam Anh Hoang , Kim Dukjoon 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMicrobeads of metal ion‐imprinted polymers (MIIPs) were prepared by a novel precipitation polymerization technique, in which copper methacrylate monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate crosslinker were copolymerized in a rotary evaporator. The prepared microbeads had mono‐ or narrow size dispersity, and their sizes increased from 1 to 4 μm with decreasing solvent amount or increasing initiator concentration. The absorption capacity and selectivity of the imprinted polymer for copper ion were determined in the presence of various competitive metal ions. As results, adsorption equilibrium was quickly achieved in about 10 min with high absorbability (about 90%). The effects of pH, initial metallic ion concentration, and MIIP bead size on the absorption capacity were investigated. The Cu(II)‐imprinted polymers exhibited extremely high selectivity, which was much higher than that of corresponding blank polymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Improvement of conductivity of electrochemically synthesized polyaniline
Authors: Bhadra Sambhu , Chattopadhyay Santanu , Singha Nikhil K. , Khastgir Dipak 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe electrochemical polymerization of aqueous solution of aniline and HCl was carried out in a single compartment electrochemical cell. After 2 h of the polymerization reaction, polarity of the electrodes was reversed and kept for 1 h. By this process the conductivity of the polyaniline (PAni) formed was found to increase dramatically from 1.1 × 10−4 to 3.0 × 10−1 S/cm. The PAni samples obtained both by reversing the polarity (“PANI‐R”) and without reversing the polarity (“PANI”) were characterized by the infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), Hall effect experiment, X‐ray analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the increase in the conductivity of PAni through the reversion of polarity is due to the partial reduction of over oxidized sample giving more emeraldine base and hence more polaron formation with increased charge carrier density and its mobility. The degree of crystallinity and the crystallite size is decreased marginally and the d‐spacing is increased marginally due to this reduction. The PAni behaves like a p‐type semiconductor that means the majority current carriers are holes. A plausible reduction mechanism due to reversal of polarity during electrochemical polymerization is also proposed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Dynamic mechanical properties of styrene‐butadiene composites reinforced by defatted soy flour and carbon black co‐filler
Authors: Jong L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCarboxylated styrene‐butadiene (SB) composites reinforced by a mixture of defatted soy flour (DSF) and carbon black (CB) were investigated in terms of their dynamic mechanical properties. DSF is an abundant renewable commodity and has a lower cost than CB. DSF contains soy protein, carbohydrate, and whey. Aqueous dispersions of DSF and CB were first mixed and then blended with SB latex to form rubber composites using freeze‐drying and compression molding methods. At 140°C, a single filler composite reinforced by 30% DSF exhibited roughly a 230‐fold increase in the shear elastic modulus compared to the unfilled SB rubber, indicating a significant reinforcement effect by DSF. Mixtures of DSF and CB at three different ratios were investigated as co‐fillers. Temperature sweep experiments indicate the shear elastic moduli of the co‐filler composites are between that of DSF and CB composites. Strain sweep experiments were used to study the fatigue and recovery behaviors of these composites. Compared with the DSF composites, the recovery behaviors of the 30% co‐filler composites after the eight consecutive deformation cycles of dynamic strain were improved and similar to that of 30% CB composite. Strain sweep experiments also indicated that the co‐filler composites have a greater elastic modulus than the CB reinforced composites within the strain range measured. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Striped‐pattern deterioration and morphological analysis of injection molding comprising polypropylene/ethylene–α‐olefin rubber blends. II. Influence of heating
Authors: Hirano Koki , Tamura Satoshi , Obata Yutaka , Kanai Toshitaka 
Published: December 2007

AbstractUnique deterioration with a striped pattern caused by thermal heating is reported for injection molding comprising polypropylene/ethylene–α‐olefin rubber blends. This stripe is due to the formation of glossy and cloudy parts in alternation approximately perpendicular to the flow direction of the molten resin. On the surface of the cloudy part, a number of micro‐objects appear. They have a dome shape about 10 μm in diameter and 2 μm height. Some experimental evidence indicates that the objects are composed of the rubber contained in the blends. On the other hand, only a few objects appear in the glossy region after heating. This is the reason that the stripe with the micro‐objects (migrating rubber to the surface) is examined in terms of a higher order structure of injection molding with laser scanning microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, and microhardness (Martens hardness). Consequently, we have concluded that this thermally deteriorated stripe depends on periodic changes in the crystallinity along the flow direction. The evidence indicates that a snakelike flow occurs during the injection process of the molding. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Improvement of adhesion and long‐term adhesive reliability of liquid crystalline polyester film by plasma treatment
Authors: Kurihara Yasuhiro , Ohata Hiroyuki , Kawaguchi Masahiko , Yamazaki Shinichi , Kimura Kunio 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSurface modification of thermotropic liquid crystalline aromatic polyester (LCP) films was examined by low‐pressure plasma treatment to improve initial adhesion and long‐term adhesive reliability between the LCP film and an epoxy bonding sheet for printed circuit boards. Plasma irradiation was carried out in various plasma gases with different plasma modes as reactive‐ion‐etching (RIE), direct‐plasma (DP) with pressures ranging from 4.0 to 26.6 Pa. Although the initial adhesion of the DP‐treated film increased, the long‐term adhesive reliability estimated by pressure cooker test (PCT) decreased with decreasing the plasma gas pressure in every gas. The higher concentration of the generated polar groups such as phenolic hydroxyl group and carboxyl group enhanced the initial adhesion by the increase in the chemical interaction; however, it damaged the long‐term adhesive reliability due to the acceleration of the penetration of water molecules into the interface. The large surface roughness was effective to enhance the initial adhesion and the long‐term adhesive reliability. The RIE‐treatment generated the polar groups and the larger surface roughness than the DP‐treatment. The RIE‐treatment in the O2 atmosphere at the gas pressure of 13.3 Pa was the best plasma condition for both the initial adhesion and the long‐term adhesive reliability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Ring‐opening copolymerization and properties of polycarbonate copolymers
Authors: Mei Li‐Li , Yan Guo‐Ping , Yu Xiang‐Hua , Cheng Si‐Xue , Wu Jiang‐Yu 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA series of polycarbonate copolymers were synthesized by the ring‐opening bulk polymerization of 2‐phenyl‐5,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl) trimethylene carbonate (PTC) and 5,5‐dimethyl trimethylene carbonate (DTC) with tin(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate and aluminum isopropoxide as initiators. The copolymers obtained were characterized by 1H‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared, and ultraviolet. The influence of the molar ratio of the monomers, the initiators, and their concentrations, the reaction time, and the reaction temperature on the copolymerization was also studied. The copolymerization of monomers DTC and PTC was a nonideal copolymerization, and the copolymerization reactivity ratio of the monomer DTC was higher than that of PTC in the copolymerization process. In vitro release profiles of fluorouracil from the copolymers showed that the copolymer had a steady drug‐release rate and good controlled‐release property. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Axoneme specialization embedded in a “Generalist” β‐tubulin
Authors: Popodi Ellen M. , Hoyle Henry D. , Turner F. Rudolf , Xu Ke , Kruse Spencer , Raff Elizabeth C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe relationship between the primary structure of the β‐tubulin C‐terminal tail (CTT) and axoneme structure and function is explored using the spermatogenesis‐specific β2‐tubulin of Drosophila. We previously showed that all β‐tubulins used for motile 9 + 2 axonemes contain a conserved sequence motif in the proximal part of the CTT, the β‐tubulin axoneme motif. The differential ability of tubulin isoforms and abilities of β2‐tubulin C‐terminal truncations to form axonemes led us to hypothesize that the axoneme motif is essential for axoneme formation and the distal half of the CTT was less important. The studies we report here indicate that it is not that simple. Unexpectedly, some changes in the core sequence of the axoneme motif did not disrupt formation of motile axonemes. And, while deletion of the distal CTT did not disrupt the ability to produce functional sperm [Popodi et al., Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 2005;62:48–64], changing the amino acid sequence in this region can. Thus both regions are important. The deep conservation of the axoneme motif in all eukaryotic groups implies that the presence of the sequence motif confers a functional advantage. The central pair is the axoneme structure most sensitive to perturbations in tubulin molecules; we hypothesize central pair assembly is facilitated by the presence of this motif. Our data reveal that β2‐tubulin has robust properties for axoneme assembly, and that axonemal specializations are embedded in both the CTT and the body of the β2 molecule. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Building a radial spoke: Flagellar radial spoke protein 3 (RSP3) is a dimer
Authors: Wirschell Maureen , Zhao Feifei , Yang Chun , Yang Pinfen , Diener Dennis , Gaillard Anne , Rosenbaum Joel L. , Sale Winfield S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRadial spokes are critical multisubunit structures required for normal ciliary and eukaryotic flagellar motility. Experimental evidence indicates the radial spokes are mechanochemical transducers that transmit signals from the central pair apparatus to the outer doublet microtubules for local control of dynein activity. Recently, progress has been made in identifying individual components of the radial spoke, yet little is known about how the radial spoke is assembled or how it performs in signal transduction. Here we focus on radial spoke protein 3 (RSP3), a highly conserved AKAP located at the base of the radial spoke stalk and required for radial spoke assembly on the doublet microtubules. Biochemical approaches were taken to further explore the functional role of RSP3 within the radial spoke structure and for control of motility. Chemical crosslinking, native gel electrophoresis, and epitope‐tagged RSP3 proteins established that RSP3 forms a dimer. Analysis of truncated RSP3 proteins indicates the dimerization domain coincides with the previously characterized axoneme binding domain in the N‐terminus. We propose a model in which each radial spoke structure is built on an RSP3 dimer, and indicating that each radial spoke can potentially localize multiple PKAs or AKAP‐binding proteins in position to control dynein activity and flagellar motility. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local Self‐Assembly Mechanisms Underlie the Differential Transformation of the Proximal and Distal Cut Axonal Ends Into Functional and Aberrant Growth Cones
Authors: Erez Hadas , Spira Micha 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFollowing axotomy both the proximal and distal cut axonal ends transform into growth cones. Whereas the growth cone formed by the tip of the proximal segment branch to form neurites (left hand side), the structure formed by the distal cut end fails to grow. In redmicrotubules, blue ‐ vesicles, and green ‐ actin. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1019–1030, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organizational diversity, integration and performance
Authors: Van de Ven Andrew H. , Rogers Russel W. , Bechara John P. , Sun Kangyong 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis research examines how integrative methods of open communications, involvement, and conflict resolution in implementing an organizational change initiative moderate the relationship between cognitive diversity among employees and organization performance. In this longitudinal study of 37 medical clinics, we find that the interaction of integrative methods and diversity of models for organizing among employees has a significant positive effect on clinic revenue, productivity, and patient satisfaction. An important practical implication of these findings is that instead of seeking consensus on a singular vision of a strategic change initiative, managers are more likely to improve organization performance by focusing their interventions on creating integrative methods for encouraging and learning from diverse and opposing views of an organizational change initiative. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salicylic Acid and Systemic Acquired Resistance Play a Role in Attenuating Crown Gall Disease Caused byAgrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Anand Ajith , Uppalapati Srinivasa Rao , Ryu Choong-Min , Allen Stacy N. , Kang Li , Tang Yuhong , Mysore Kirankumar S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe investigated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) on crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Nicotiana benthamiana plants treated with SA showed decreased susceptibility to Agrobacterium infection. Exogenous application of SA to Agrobacterium cultures decreased its growth, virulence, and attachment to plant cells. Using Agrobacterium whole-genome microarrays, we characterized the direct effects of SA on bacterial gene expression and showed that SA inhibits induction of virulence (vir) genes and the repABC operon, and differentially regulates the expression of many other sets of genes. Using virus-induced gene silencing, we further demonstrate that plant genes involved in SA biosynthesis and signaling are important determinants for Agrobacterium infectivity on plants. Silencing of ICS (isochorismate synthase), NPR1 (nonexpresser of pathogenesis-related gene 1), and SABP2 (SA-binding protein 2) in N. benthamiana enhanced Agrobacterium infection. Moreover, plants treated with benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid, a potent inducer of SAR, showed reduced disease symptoms. Our data suggest that SA and SAR both play a major role in retarding Agrobacterium infectivity.