bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicide risk in pediatric cancer patients: An exploratory study
Authors: Kunin Howard M. , Patenaude Andrea Farkas , Grier Holcombe E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis descriptive, retrospective study was undertaken to identify suicide histories in children and adolescents at a pediatric cancer center and to identify potential suicide risk factors in this population. Physicians, nurse practitioners, psychologists and social workers at the Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute were surveyed to identify patients known to have made suicide attempts, successful or not. Medical and psychosocial histories, including specifics of the event, were obtained from a semi‐structured interview with the respondent and a review of the medical chart, and evaluated for psychosocial risk factors. Thirty‐eight clinicians identified 10 patients with suicidal events between 1974 and 1991: two successful suicides, four unsuccessful attempts, two deaths under unclear circumstances and two instances of self‐destructive behavior with unclear intent. Subjects ranged in age from 10 to 27 years at the time of the event (median age 16.34 years) and diagnoses included Hodgkin's disease (4), leukemia (2), Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma and neuroblastoma. Psychosocial risk factors or stresses of the current medical situation were present in nine out of the 10 patients (median score, 4 factors). Depression or hopelessness was present in eight patients, and stressful familial events (in addition to patient's illness) such as parental divorce, additional familial illness or financial pressures were present in seven patients. Current medical factors, such as advanced illness/poor prognosis and pain management issues, were present in three and two patients, respectively. Six out of the 10 subjects were off medical treatment at the time of their attempts. Suicide or suicide attempts in this sample indicated that medical factors alone are not adequate to explain the emotional states which may give rise to self‐destructive behavior. Psychosocial stressors from non‐medical sources appear to contribute to increased suicide risk for pediatric cancer patients. The finding that six out of 10 suicide attempts occurred in cancer survivors raises concerns about the special risk to this population. These findings suggest more extensive study is needed of suicidal behavior among pediatric cancer patients and, particularly, survivors of pediatric cancer. In addition to further identification of specific medical and psychosocial factors, the interrelationship between these factors needs to be better understood for its potential to contribute to suicidality in this population. The cumulative effect of chronic stress from medical factors also deserves further investigation.
The married couple's assessment of the experience of early breast cancer—A longitudinal interview study
Authors: Omne‐Pontén M. , Holmberg L. , Sjödén P. O. , Bergström R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo questions were addressed in a prospective interview study of breast cancer patients: (1) Is there an agreement between the spouses' assessments of the experience of breast cancer? (2) Could the husband's assessment be used as a predictor of the patient's psychosocial outcome? Semi‐structured interviews were conducted by one interviewer with 56 couples at 4 and 13 months after the woman's primary surgery for breast cancer; 91% of the couples in the sample had been married 10 years or more. The results demonstrate an overall high degree of agreement in the couple's assessment, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.6 to 0.8 (p <0.05). In multiple regression analysis, we found that the husband's assessment of the marital relationship was significantly related to the patient's psychosocial outcome at 13 months (p <0.01). The spouses' degree of agreement did not vary with the type of surgery (breast‐conserving surgery versus mastectomy). Agreement increased over time irrespective of whether the adjustment was assessed to be better or worse. The results reinforce the assumption that a supportive marital relationship is important for psychosocial adjustment.
Truth‐telling to the patient in advanced cancer: Family information filtering and prospects for change
Authors: Arraras Juan Ignacio , Illarramendi José Juan , Valerdi Juan José , Wright Stephen James 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study investigated ‘truth telling’ to the patient in Navarre, Spain. Knowledge of diagnosis amongst a group of 89 advanced cancer patients was compared with the hypothetical desire for information of a convenience sample of 78 non‐patients. The views of patients' families were also assessed. Of the patient sample, 46% reported complete or partial knowledge of the diagnosis, whereas over 90% of the general population sample indicated that they would want complete or partial knowledge of the diagnosis. Two factors were found to be predictive of knowledge status amongst the patient group—including primary tumour site (lung/larynx vs breast) and the family's wish for the diagnosis to be withheld. Age and educational level were found to be predictive of attitudes towards ‘truth telling’ amongst the general population sample. These results indicate a clear wish for greater knowledge amongst (potential) patients. Although the family will almost certainly continue to play a central role in health care, it is concluded that there are already early signs of the desired trend towards greater diagnostic disclosure by families.
The measurement of coping in breast cancer patients
Authors: Thomas Sally F. , Marks David F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe feasibility of using the COPE Scale (Carver, Scheier and Weintraub, 1989) as a measure of coping with breast cancer was tested on a sample of 61 women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer more than one year previously. Results showed that acceptance and positive reframing were the most common coping responses, replicating earlier research, but that overall the COPE was poor at discriminating between strategies. With the exception of positive reframing, all subscales correlated negatively with well‐being. Frequency of strategy use was negatively associated with well‐being, i.e. the more strategies used, the greater the distress. It was concluded that the abstract wording of some items plus a perceived lack of positive coping responses may have caused the questionnaire to be seen as somewhat irrelevant to the circumstances of this particular group of patients.
The relationship between emotional adjustment and two factor structures of the mental adjustment to cancer (MAC) scale
Authors: Schnoll Robert A. , Mackinnon John R. , Stolbach Leo , Lorman Constance 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing two different factor structures for the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale, the present study examined the relationship between mental attitude and emotional adjustment in a sample of 58 cancer patients. Analyses, using the original Watson MAC subscales, showed that: (a) fighting spirit was associated with better emotional adjustment, whereas hopelessness/helplessness and anxious preoccupation were associated with poor emotional adjustment and (b) subjects with low fighting spirit, high hopelessness/helplessness and moderate anxious preoccupation also had high levels of emotional distress. Analyses, on the alternative Schwartz MAC subscales, showed that: (a) positive reappraisal was associated with better emotional adjustment, whereas hopelessness was associated with poor emotional adjustment and (b) subjects with low hopelessness, high positive reappraisal, high positive attitude and high vigilant participation also had lower levels of emotional distress. However, for both factor structures, certain subscales showed a weak association to mood. Overall, the results validate both MAC factor structures, but highlight the need for additional refinement of the MAC scale.
Psychosexual adjustment among women receiving hormone replacement therapy for premature menopause following cancer treatment
Authors: Moadel Alyson B. , Ostroff Jamie S. , Lesko Lynna M. , Bajorunas Daiva R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs a result of their cancer treatment, many young cancer survivors experience primary ovarian failure and subsequent premature menopause. This study examined the psychosexual adjustment of women who experience premature menopause due to cancer therapy. Severity of menopausal symptoms, relationship adjustment, body image and psychological distress were also assessed. Participants were 34 women (mean age 36 years) receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for at least 3 months for early menopause following non‐surgical treatment for cancer. Twenty‐four healthy female peers with normal menses served as a comparison sample. Prematurely menopausal women demonstrated a higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction (p<0.01), greater psychological distress (p<0.02) and more distressing menopausal symptoms (p<0.003) than the healthy women with normal menses. Twenty‐eight women (82%) reported reduced sexual functioning, with 13 women (38%) meeting DSM‐IV criteria for one or more sexual dysfunctions. Prematurely menopausal cancer survivors with diagnosable sexual dysfunctions tended to have greater menopausal symptoms, which itself was associated with higher psychological distress (p<0.001). Menopausal symptoms and relationship adjustment together were the best predictors of sexual dysfunction (p<0.07). Further exploration is needed of the factors contributing to psychosexual dysfunction and the development of clinical interventions for the psychosexual needs of women with cancer treatment‐induced menopause.
Crystalloids in prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Bennett Betsy , Gardner William A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstatic crystalloids previously reported only in association with carcinoma were identified in 3.6% of a series of 456 cases of prostatic hyperplasia. Seventy percent of cases with crystalloids contained multiple areas of atypical hyperplasia. The incidence of crystalloids in cases of atypical hyperplasia was 9.6%. One patient subsequently developed adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The follow‐up period of the majority of these patients is too short to allow evaluation of the prognostic significance of prostatic crystalloids with regard to the development of prostate carcinoma.
Prostate antigen: A new potential marker for prostatic cancer
Authors: Wang M. C. , Papsidero L. D. , Kuriyama M. , Valenzuela L. A. , Murphy G. P. , Chu T. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA prostate‐specific antigen, distinct from acid phosphatase, was identified by immunologic procedures in prostate tissues (normal, benign hypertrophic, and cancerous) and seminal plasma, as well as in sera of patients with prostatic cancer and of nude mice bearing human prostatic tumor. This antigen was shown by immunoperoxidase staining to be confined to epithelial cells comprising the prostatic ductal elements. Prostate antigen was purified from prostatic tissue and seminal plasma, and it was shown to have a molecular weight of 33,000‐34,000 with no subunit component. The isolectric point of purified antigen was around 6.9, though several unpurified isomers with different isoelec‐tric points also were observed. Serum‐borne prostate antigen showed a molecular weight of 90,000‐100,000, but it exhibited a molecular weight of 36,000 in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. A sandwich‐type, peroxidase‐linked immunosorbent assay capable of detecting 0.1ng of the antigen per milliliter of blood was developed. With this technique, serum level of the antigen was found to increase in patients with prostatic cancer as compared with normal males. The prostate‐specific antigen can be a useful marker for detection of prostatic cancer.
Epithelial and fibroblastoid cell lines derived from the normal canine prostate. I. Separation and characterization of epithelial and stromal components
Authors: Eaton C. L. , Pierrepoint C. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCell cultures displaying exclusively epithelial or fibroblastoid morphology have been isolated by spillage and collagenase digest techniques, respectively. Primary cultures of both cell types have been readily subcultured. The use of a type I collagen substrate has been shown to be essential to the growth of normal prostatic epithelium in monolayer cultures. The ability to generate replicate subcultures of both cell types has allowed the quantitative characterization of the mitogenicity of fetal bovine serum and insulin in early subcultures. The control of culture conditions has permitted uniform cell population growth in early subculture with regular population doubling times in log phase of growth. Epithelial cultures have been shown to display many ultrastructural characteristics common to the normal epithelium of the canine prostate.
Mechanisms of action of androgens and antiandrogens: Effects of antiandrogens on translocation of cytoplasmic androgen receptor and nuclear abundance of dihydrotestosterone
Authors: Callaway Terrance W. , Bruchovsky Nicholas , Rennie Paul S. , Comeau Trudy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of antiandrogens on the translocation of androgen receptor and the accumulation of nuclear dihydrotestosterone in rat ventral prostate were investigated. Using an isotope‐exchange assay and radioimmunoassay it was found that 1 hr after the injection of 70 nmol of dihydrotestosterone into 1‐day castrated rats, 19,000 ± 2,350 (mean ± SE) receptor molecules and 99,300 ± 8,200 molecules of dihydrotestosterone were recovered per nucleus. When equivalent doses of antiandrogens were substituted for dihydrotestosterone only 0–1,500 receptor molecules were translocated. After injection of antiandrogens followed 1 hr later by injection of dihydrotestosterone, the inhibition of translocation given by the reduction in the mean numbers of molecules of receptor and dihydrotestosterone, respectively, was as follows: 17β‐estradiol (0, 0); megestrol acetate (2000, 0); diethylstilbestrol (6000, 4000); cyproterone acetate (5500, 27000); flutamide (10000, 29000); R2956 (10000, 28000). With the exception of the effect of cyproterone acetate on receptor translocation, the reductions produced by the latter three antiandrogens were all statistically significant (P < 0.5). Since less than 20% of the dihydrotestosterone in the nucleus is bound to receptor in dihydrotestosterone‐treated rats, and since the concentrations of receptor and dihydrotestosterone are unequally affected by some antiandrogens, we infer that the nuclear abundance of dihydrotestosterone may be regulated in part through nonreceptor‐mediated processes.
Simultaneous determination of docetaxel and ketoconazole in rat plasma by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Huang Qing , Wang Guang‐Ji , Sun Jian‐Guo , Hu Xiao‐Lin , Lu Yi‐Hong , Zhang Qian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of docetaxel and ketoconazole in rat plasma with paclitaxel as internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted from rat plasma by using a liquid‐liquid extraction technique with ethyl acetate and the LC separation was performed on a Cosmosil‐C18 analytical column (150 mm × 2.0 mm i.d., Nacalai Tesque Inc., Japan). The extracted samples were analyzed with LC/MS/MS, operating in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The SRM transitions of precursor ions to product ions were 830.3→549.1 (m/z) for docetaxel, 531.2→489.3 (m/z) for ketoconazole, and 876.7→307.9 (m/z) for the IS. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 2–500 ng/mL for docetaxel and 50–20 000 ng/mL for ketoconazole, with coefficients of correlation above 0.999. The limits of quantification for docetaxel and ketoconazole were both 2 ng/mL. The limit of detection for each analyte was 1 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision (CV) of analysis were within 7%, and the accuracy ranged from 95 to 110%. The overall recoveries for docetaxel and ketoconazole were about 89.0% and 91.1%, respectively. The total analysis time was only 9.0 min. This quantitation method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of docetaxel and ketoconazole in rat plasma and some potential interaction was found in the current coadministration pharmacokinetic study. This established method was also utilized in the in vitro and in vivo drug‐drug interaction study of docetaxel and ketoconazole (to be published). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural characterization of sialylated glycoforms of H. influenzae by electrospray mass spectrometry: fragmentation of protonated and sodiated O‐deacylated lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Li Jianjun , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Hood Derek W. , Cox Andrew D. , Schweda Elke K. H. , Moxon E. Richard , Richards James C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSialylated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) glycoforms from Haemophilus influenzae were characterized by tandem mass spectrometry using a new generation hyphenated mass spectrometer which combines a triple quadrupole and a linear ion trap (Q‐Trap). The fragmentation of both protonated and sodiated molecular ions from O‐deacylated LPS (LPS‐OH) obtained in MS2 experiments in the positive mode was studied. The MS2 spectra of protonated ions provided unambiguous evidence for the presence and sequence of sialylated lactosamine present in lacto‐N‐neotetraose oligosaccharide extensions but not for sialyl‐lactose structures whilst fragmentation of sodiated adducts, [M+Na]+, afforded information diagnostic of mono‐ and disialylated lactose extensions. To study this we used a highly sialylated LPS from a H. influenzae strain capable of sialyl‐lactose expression only. We then applied the method to the H. influenzae genome strain, Rd, in which glycoforms containing both sialyl‐lactose and sialyl‐lacto‐N‐neotetraose were detected from diagnostic B‐ions at m/z 638.2 ([Neu5Ac1 Hex2+Na]+) and 657.2 ([Neu5Ac1 Hex1 HexNAc1+H]+). Unique fragmentation patterns provided the locations and sequences of these oligosaccharide extensions. This is the first time both sialylated lactose and sialylated lacto‐N‐neotetraose units have been detected and characterized by tandem mass spectrometry in the same molecule. This methodology is of general applicability for determination of common sialylated oligosaccharide extension in bacterial LPS. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The copyright in the contributions of J. Li, M. Dzieciatkowska, A. D. Cox and J. C. Richards belongs to the Crown in the right of Canada and such copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the National Research Council of Canada.
Theoretical and gas‐phase studies of specific cationized purine base quartet
Authors: Mezzache Sakina , Alves Sandra , Paumard Jean‐Paul , Pepe Claude , Tabet Jean‐Claude 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGuanine tetraplexes are biological non‐covalent systems stabilized by alkali cations. Thus, self‐clustering of guanine, xanthine and hypoxanthine with alkali cations (Na+, K+ and Li+) is investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) in order to provide new insights into G‐quartets, hydrogen‐bonded complexes. ESI assays displayed magic numbers of tetramer adducts with Na+, Li+ and K+, not only for guanine, but also for xanthine bases. The optimized structures of guanine and xanthine quartets have been determined by B3LYP hybrid density functional theory calculations. Complexes of metal ions with quartets are classified into different structure types. The optimized structures obtained for each quartet explain the gas‐phase results. The gas‐phase binding sequence between the monovalent cations and the xanthine quartet follows the order Li+ > Na+ > K+, which is consistent with that obtained for the guanine quartet in the literature. The smallest stabilization energy of K+ and its position versus the other alkali metal ions in guanine and xanthine quartets is consistent with the fact that the potassium cation can be located between two guanine or xanthine quartets, for providing a [gua(or (xan))8+K]+ octamer adduct. Even if an abundant octamer adduct with K+ for xanthine was detected by ESI‐MS, it was not the case for guanine. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyporheic invertebrate community composition in streams of varying salinity in south‐western Australia: diversity peaks at intermediate thresholds
Authors: Boulton A. J. , Marmonier P. , Sarriquet P.‐E. X. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMany streams of southwestern Australia have become secondarily saline through land clearance and other human activities in their catchments. Elevated salinities impact on aquatic biota and ecological processes of surface streams but little is known of the effects on the diversity and community composition of hyporheic (subsurface) invertebrates occupying the saturated sediments where surface and groundwaters exchange. We hypothesized that biodiversity of hyporheic invertebrates would decline with increasing salinity, especially where saline groundwater upwelled into the surface stream. We also predicted changes in community composition associated with salinity and direction of vertical hydrological exchange. Water and hyporheic invertebrates were sampled from downwelling and upwelling zones of 13 streams in southwestern Australia ranging in median surface water salinity from 0.27 to 17.86 g L−1. Overall, taxa richness of hyporheic invertebrates was uncorrelated with salinity but, surprisingly, correlated positively with the salinity of upwelling water. However, when the sites were divided into ‘fresh’ (<3 g L−1) and ‘mesosaline’ (>3 g L−1) groups, this relationship became non‐significant. Instead, taxa richness and total abundance were correlated positively with salinity of downwelling water in fresh sites and negatively in mesosaline sites, resulting in a peak in richness at intermediate salinities. Community composition was unrelated to direction of hydrological exchange but was strongly associated with hyporheic salinity. Hyporheic assemblages of ‘fresh’ rivers were typified by harpacticoid copepods and candoniid ostracods, whereas the amphipod Austrochiltonia and several dipteran groups were more common below ‘mesosaline’ rivers. Although many hyporheic taxa collected in this study apparently have broad tolerances to salinity, secondary salinization due to human activities potentially changed community composition, possibly altering rates of ecological processes such as organic matter breakdown occurring within the sediments of streams undergoing salinization. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polycrystalline iron and mild steel surfaces in caustic solution
Authors: Costine Allan , Thurgate Stephen , Thornber Mike , Vernon Chris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCombined ultrahigh vacuum‐electrochemical (UHV‐EC) methods were utilized to expose polycrystalline iron and mild steel surfaces to 0.01 M NaOH and for the subsequent transfer back to the UHV analysis chamber without exposure to air. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was then employed to elucidate a chemical description of the iron surfaces as a function of the emersion potential. The mild steel electrodes display lower corrosion resistance in the alkali solution, underlining a crucial role played by minor alloying components, such as sulfide and/or carbide. Carbonate, an unavoidable contaminant of caustic solutions, is strongly adsorbed to both iron surfaces, its concentration generally being unaffected by a subsequent water wash. Polycrystalline iron extracted in the soluble ferrate domain shows enhanced corrosion resistance, which is suspected to arise through surface impurity enrichment following the anodic leaching of the FeO42− species. In contrast, mild steel extracted in the ferrate domain exhibits poor corrosion resistance, further highlighting the detrimental effect of certain alloying elements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.