bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotion perception in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: BOZIKAS VASILIS P. , KOSMIDIS MARY H. , GIANNAKOU MARIA , SAITIS MIHALIS , FOKAS KOSTAS , GARYFALLOS GEORGE 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the ability to perceive facial and vocal affect in a group of patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and to explore the specific emotions that might be troublesome for them. Participants were 25 patients with OCD and 25 healthy controls, matched for age, education, and gender. They were assessed with computerized tests of affect perception using visual faces [Kinney’s Affect Matching Test (KAMT)], visual everyday scenarios [Fantie’s Cartoon Test (FCT)], and prosody [Affective Prosody Test (APT)], as well as a facial recognition test [Kinney’s Identity Matching Test (KIMT)]. Severity of OCD symptoms in the patient group was measured with the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Patients with OCD were not impaired in the perception of emotion, in either the visual [still photographs (KAMT) or sketches of everyday scenarios (FCT)] or the vocal (APT) modality, as compared with age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy individuals. Moreover, patients with OCD did not differ from healthy individuals in discriminating facial identity (KIMT). With regard to each emotion type separately, patients performed equally well as healthy individuals in all the emotions examined. Emotion processing of both facial expressions and prosody does not appear to be deficient in patients with OCD (JINS, 2009, 15, 148–153).
Prequips—an extensible software platform for integration, visualization and analysis of LC-MS/MS proteomics data
Authors: Gehlenborg Nils , Yan Wei , Lee Inyoul Y. , Yoo Hyuntae , Nieselt Kay , Hwang Daehee , Aebersold Ruedi , Hood Leroy 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Summary: We describe an integrative software platform, Prequips, for comparative proteomics-based systems biology analysis that: (i) integrates all information generated from mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics as well as from basic proteomics data analysis tools, (ii) visualizes such information for various proteomic analyses via graphical interfaces and (iii) links peptide and protein abundances to external tools often used in systems biology studies.
Availability: http://prequips.sourceforge.net
Contact: dhhwang@postech.ac.kr
Non-negative matrix factorization of gene expression profiles: a plug-in for BRB-ArrayTools
Authors: Qi Qihao , Zhao Yingdong , Li MingChung , Simon Richard 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Summary: Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is an increasingly used algorithm for the analysis of complex high-dimensional data. BRB-ArrayTools is a widely used software system for the analysis of gene expression data with almost 9000 registered users in over 65 countries. We have developed a NMF analysis plug-in in BRB-ArrayTools for unsupervised sample clustering of microarray gene expression data. Our analysis tool also incorporates an algorithm for Semi-NMF which can handle both positive and negative elements for log-ratio data. Output includes a heat map of sample clusters and differentially expressed genes with extensive biological annotation. For comparison, output also includes the results of K-means clustering.
Availability: The NMF analysis plug-in is freely available in BRB-ArrayTools for non-commercial users. BRB-ArrayTools can be downloaded at http://linus.nci.nih.gov/BRB-ArrayTools.html. The algorithms used for NMF and Semi-NMF are available at ftp://linus.nci.nih.gov/pub/NMF.
Contact: rsimon@mail.nih.gov
Human microRNAs co-silence in well-separated groups and have different predicted essentialities
Authors: Boross Gábor , Orosz Katalin , Farkas Illés J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground: Short regulating RNAs guide many cellular processes. Compared with transcription factor proteins they appear to provide more specialized control and their deletions are less frequently lethal.Results: We find large differences between computationally predicted lists of human microRNA (miRNA)–target pairs. Instead of integrating these lists we use the two most accurate of them. Next, we construct the co-regulation network of human miRNAs as nodes by computing the correlation (link weight) between the gene silencing scores of individual miRNAs. In this network, we locate groups of tightly co-regulating nodes (modules). Despite explicitly allowing overlaps the co-regulation modules of miRNAs are well separated. We use the modules and miRNA co-expression data to define and compute miRNA essentiality. Instead of focusing on particular biological functions we identify a miRNA as essential, if it has a low co-expression with the miRNAs in its module. This may be thought of as having many workers performing the same tasks together in one place (non-essential miRNAs) as opposed to a single worker performing those tasks alone (essential miRNA).Conclusions: On the system level, we quantitatively confirm previous findings about the specialized control provided by miRNAs. For knock-out tests we list the groups of our predicted most and least essential miRNAs. In addition, we provide possible explanations for (i) the low number of individually essential miRNAs in Caenorhabdtits elegans and (ii) the high number of ubiquitous miRNAs influencing cell and tissue-specific miRNA expression patterns in mouse and human.Contact: fij@elte.huSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
First Report of Bamboo Rust Caused by Kweilingia divina on Bambusa domestica in Los Angeles County, California
Authors: Blomquist C. L. , McKemy J. M. , Aime M. C. , Orsburn R. W. , Kinnee S. A. 
Published: January 2009

Elongate, interveinal, hypophyllous lesions were observed on bamboo plants (Bambusa domestica) during an inspection of a plant shipment in November of 2006 in Los Angeles County, CA. Disease incidence was 100%. Minute uredinia were spaced at regular intervals within each lesion. Urediniospores were pale tan, echinulate, and 18 to 29 × 16 to 23 μm with 1- to 1.5-μm walls. The urediniospores were surrounded and partially covered by incurved pale-to-brownish yellow paraphyses 34 to 45 × 12 μm with walls that were primarily thickened apically and dorsally to 5 μm. Several telia were observed forming inside old uredinia. Telia were brownish black, forming a flabellar head of teliospores fused laterally and in chains of three to six cells. Teliospores were chestnut brown, cuboidal to oblong, and measured 10 to 12.5 × 12.5 to 25 μm. DNA sequence of the 28S large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA was obtained using previously published methods (1). The sequence deposited in GenBank as Accession No. EF192212 matched sequence No. DQ354554 (1), Kweilingia divina from Costa Rica (1), with 100% identity. On the basis of morphological characteristics (2) and sequence information, the rust was identified as K. divina (Syd.) Buriticá (= Dasturella divina (Syd.) Mundk. & Khesw.), causal agent of bamboo rust. Bamboo rust is widespread in parts of Asia but has also been found in Africa, Colombia, Brazil, Central America (3), and Australia (4). The shipment was traced to a foliage plant producer in Hawaii where the disease was subsequently found in the environment on the four major Hawaiian Islands of Oahu, Hawaii, Kauai, and Maui. All 10 bamboo plants received by the nursery were located and destroyed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bamboo rust occurring in California. References: (1) M. C. Aime. Mycoscience 47:112, 2006. (2) G. B. Cummins. Page 43 in: The Rust Fungi of Cereals, Grasses and Bamboos. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1971. (3) D. F. Farr et al. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory. Online publication. ARS, USDA, year. (4) G. I. Johnson. Australas. Plant Pathol. 14:54, 1985.
Quality of life, health satisfaction and family impact on caregivers of children with developmental delays
Authors: Hsieh R. L. , Huang H. Y. , Lin M. I. , Wu C. W. , Lee Wen‐Chung 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective  To study the quality of life, health satisfaction and family impact on caregivers of children with developmental delays in Taiwan.Design  Cross‐sectional study.Subjects  The caregivers of children with diagnoses of developmental delays recruited from a teaching hospital in northern Taiwan.Methods  The main caregivers of 48 male and 22 female children with developmental delays were recruited. WHOQOL‐BREF for health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), PedsQL‐Health Satisfaction for health satisfaction, PedsQL‐Family Impact Module and Impact on Family Scale for family impact were evaluated. The correlation of caregivers' HRQOL, health satisfaction and family impact were also studied.Results  Caregivers in nuclear families had higher health satisfaction scores (78.2 for nuclear families vs. 66.9 for extended families, P < 0.05) when assessed by the PedQL‐Health Satisfaction questionnaire. Children's age was negatively correlated with family impact, including parent (−0.272, P = 0.023), family (−0.262, P = 0.029) and total scores (−0.281, P = 0.018) as assessed using the PedsQL‐Family Impact Module.Conclusion  A negative relation between impact of burden and child's age suggests that family members gradually adapt to the delayed developmental status in their children as they grow. Caregivers in nuclear families having higher health satisfaction than those in extended families may be due to Chinese cultural effects.
Predator–prey interactions in river networks: comparing shrimp spatial refugia in two drainage basins
Authors: COVICH ALAN P. , CROWL TODD A. , HEIN CATHERINE L. , TOWNSEND MATT J. , MCDOWELL WILLIAM H. 
Published: January 2009

Summary1. Analysis of drainage networks provides a framework to evaluate the densities and distributions of prey species relative to locations of their predators. Upstream migration by diadromous shrimp (Atya lanipes and Xiphocaris elongata) during their life cycle provides access to headwater refugia from fish predation, which is intense in estuaries and coastal rivers.2. We postulate that geomorphic barriers (such as large, steep waterfalls >3.5 m in height), can directly limit the distribution of predatory fishes and, indirectly, affect the densities of their prey (freshwater shrimps) in headwater streams.3. We compared densities of shrimp in pools above and below waterfalls, in four headwater tributaries in two river basins of the Luquillo Mountains of northeastern Puerto Rico. We measured shrimp densities twice a year over 8 years (1998–2005) in Prieta, Toronja, Bisley 3 and Bisley 5 streams, which differ in drainage network positions relative to steep waterfalls in Río Espíritu Santo and Río Mameyes.4. Predatory fishes are absent in the Prieta and Toronja pools and present in Bisely 3 and in lower Bisley 5 pools. Atya lanipes and X. elongata rarely occur in the Bisley streams where predatory fishes are present but these shrimps are abundant in Prieta and Toronja, streams lacking predatory fishes.5. The mean carapace length of X. elongata is longer in pools where fish are present (Bisley 3 and lower Bisley 5) than in pools lacking fish (Prieta, Toronja, Upper Bisley 5). The increased body size is primarily due to significantly longer rostrums of individuals in stream reaches with fish (below waterfall barriers) than in those reaches lacking fish (above waterfall barriers). Rostrum length may be an adaptation to avoid predation by visually feeding fishes.6. Atya lanipes and X. elongata distributions and densities were predicted primarily by drainage network position relative to the presence or absence of predatory fishes. High, steep waterfalls effectively impeded fish from moving upstream and created a spatial refuge. Xiphocaris elongata may rely on size refugia (longer rostrum) to minimize predation where spatial refugia are lacking.
Enhanced litter input rather than changes in litter chemistry drive soil carbon and nitrogen cycles under elevated CO2: a microcosm study
Authors: LIU LINGLI , KING JOHN S. , BOOKER FITZGERALD L. , GIARDINA CHRISTIAN P. , LEE ALLEN H. , HU SHUIJIN 
Published: January 2009

AbstractElevated CO2 has been shown to stimulate plant productivity and change litter chemistry. These changes in substrate availability may then alter soil microbial processes and possibly lead to feedback effects on N availability. However, the strength of this feedback, and even its direction, remains unknown. Further, uncertainty remains whether sustained increases in net primary productivity will lead to increased long‐term C storage in soil. To examine how changes in litter chemistry and productivity under elevated CO2 influence microbial activity and soil C formation, we conducted a 230‐day microcosm incubation with five levels of litter addition rate that represented 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.4 and 1.8 × litterfall rates observed in the field for aspen stand growing under control treatments at the Aspen FACE experiment in Rhinelander, WI, USA. Litter and soil samples were collected from the corresponding field control and elevated CO2 treatment after trees were exposed to elevated CO2 (560 ppm) for 7 years. We found that small decreases in litter [N] under elevated CO2 had minor effects on microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Increasing litter addition rates resulted in linear increase in total C and new C (C from added litter) that accumulated in whole soil as well as in the high density soil fraction (HDF), despite higher cumulative C loss by respiration. Total N retained in whole soil and in HDF also increased with litter addition rate as did accumulation of new C per unit of accumulated N. Based on our microcosm comparisons and regression models, we expected that enhanced C inputs rather than changes in litter chemistry would be the dominant factor controlling soil C levels and turnover at the current level of litter production rate (230 g C m−2 yr−1 under ambient CO2). However, our analysis also suggests that the effects of changes in biochemistry caused by elevated CO2 could become significant at a higher level of litter production rate, with a trend of decreasing total C in HDF, new C in whole soil, as well as total N in whole soil and HDF.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Majorana syriaca in Yellowfin tuna
Authors: Al‐Bandak Ghada , Tsironi Theofania , Taoukis Petros , Oreopoulou Vassiliki 
Published: January 2009

SummaryThe antimicrobial and antioxidant effect of Majorana syriaca extract, obtained by ethyl acetate, to Yellowfin tuna was examined. The extract was added to refined corn oil at different concentrations (0–3900 ppm). Minced tuna was mixed with corn oil containing the extract (tuna/oil: 3/1 w/w); the mixture was packed aerobically and stored at 0 °C. Microbial growth and lipid oxidation were determined periodically. Majorana syriaca extract delayed the microbial growth (total viable count, Pseudomonas sp. and lactic acid bacteria) as compared with pure minced tuna, with an increasing effect as concentration increased. Oxidation was monitored through measurement of peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances. Both tests showed inhibition of tuna oxidation as the concentration of the extract increased. The results of the study show the potential of M. syriaca extract in extending the shelf life of tuna fish.
Antimicrobial properties of grape seed extracts and their effectiveness after incorporation into pea starch films
Authors: Corrales Margarita , Han Jung H. , Tauscher Bernhard 
Published: January 2009

SummaryChemical analysis and antimicrobial nature of grape seed extracts (GSE) and their Reisling Vitis vinifera L. application as fortificants for edible starch films were investigated. GSE possessed an antioxidant activity of 17.18 ± 1.29 mmol TROLOX equivalents gextract−1 and total phenolic content of 327.58 ± 7.24 mmol gallic acid equivalents gextract−1 mainly attributed to their flavonoid and phenolic acid composition determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography accomplished to a diode array detector and a electrospray ionisation mass spectrometer in negative mode (HPLC‐DAD/ESI‐MS). GSE inhibited the growth of Gram‐positive food‐borne pathogens while Gram‐negatives were not inhibited. After GSE were incorporated into pea starch films, thickness of enriched films increased and the puncture and tensile strength decreased compared to control films. Furthermore, migration of phenolic compounds from the films to different food simulants, aqueous, acidic and alcoholic solution was determined according to 89\109\EEC directive. A higher particle migration in acidic simulants was found. Finally, the effect of GSE incorporated pea starch films was tested in vitro with pork loins infected with Brochothrix thermosphacta. GSE films reduced the bacterial growth in 1.3 log colony forming units mL−1 after 4 days incubation at 4 °C.
Pharmacological implications of cellular localization of α1‐adrenoceptors in native smooth muscle cells
Authors: McGrath J. C. , Mackenzie J. F. , Daly C. J. 
Published: January 2009

Summary1This study examines the cellular localization of α1‐adrenoceptors and demonstrates that binding to intracellular receptive binding sites in native smooth muscle cells may influence the pharmacological profile of agonists or antagonists. The example tissue studied was rat basilar artery.2An α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist and fluorescent analogue of prazosin, BODIPY‐FL prazosin (QAPB) allowed visualization, with high resolution, of both plasma membrane and cytosolic binding sites on live native cells, as previously shown in cells harbouring recombinant receptors. QAPB‐associated fluorescence binding was both time‐ and concentration‐ dependent in rat basilar smooth muscle cells and affinity for α1‐adrenoceptors was calculated from specific binding curves as 1.1 nM.3Concentration‐dependent binding of QAPB detected in smooth muscle cells dissociated from rat basilar arteries was composed of diffuse and clustered fluorescence. Visually the diffuse component of fluorescence was the more evident up to a concentration of 5 nM QAPB. Confocal visualization of an optical section through the cell showed that the clustered component was located mainly intracellularly. In rat basilar artery smooth muscle cells the intracellular binding sites were located in close proximity to the nuclear membrane.43D models of QAPB‐associated fluorescence demonstrate that a high proportion of effective binding sites are intracellular, showing not only that a high proportion of receptors are located inside the cell but also that in this location they can bind ligands. This has implications for. pharmacological analysis in relation to the consequences of intracellular bindingper seand for differential effects upon the pharmacology of particular ligands according to whether they can enter the cell.
Review of mechanisms involved in the apparent differential desensitization of β1‐ and β2‐adrenoceptor‐mediated functional responses
Authors: Broadley K. J. 
Published: January 2009

Summary1There has been considerable debate whether responses mediated via β1‐ and β2‐adrenoceptors (β1ARs and β2ARs) display the same degree of desensitization after prolonged or repeated exposure to agonists.2Examples are provided for selective desensitization of functional responses and loss of binding sites for β1ARs. Equally, examples are given of selective desensitization and down‐regulation involving β2ARs.3This review examines whether receptor subtype‐selective desensitization of βAR‐mediated responses can occur and whether even within the same subtype, there may be tissue‐selective desensitization. Possible reasons why apparent selectivity of desensitization of functional responses may occur are considered and are divided into methodological and non‐methodological factors.4Methodological factors discussed are: the concentration of agonist used for inducing desensitization and the washout times before construction of the post‐incubation concentration‐response curve (CRC), the need for correction of CRCs from time‐matched controls, and the methods adopted for plotting CRCs.5Four non‐methodological factors are considered. Firstly, the roles of different receptor reserves for the responses of each tissue can have an important effect on whether desensitization is apparent; a large reserve will make desensitization less likely to be apparent. Secondly, there is more than one site at which desensitization occurs; receptors are uncoupled from adenylyl cyclase activation, there is an additional site at the level of stimulation of cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase and βARs may ultimately be down‐regulated. These processes may differ depending on the tissue and conditions and this may influence whether differential desensitization occurs between tissues. Thirdly, the apparent degree of desensitization after washout of an agonist can depend upon the rate of resensitization. Experiments to overcome this problem are described which demonstrate βAR desensitization in the continued presence of agonist. Finally, the role of up‐regulation of PDE in desensitization is discussed.
Modification of cardiovascular responses to spinal GABABreceptor stimulation by cAMP and by KATPchannel blockade in anaesthetized rats
Authors: Koh H. C. , Shin I. C. , Ha J. H. , Paik D. J. , Kang J. S. , Lee C H. 
Published: January 2009

Summary1Intrathecal (i.t.) injection of baclofen (30, 60 and 100 nmol), a GABABreceptor agonist, produced a dose‐dependent decrease in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR).2Pretreatment with 5‐aminovaleric acid (50 nmol), a GABABreceptor antagonist, blocked the depressor and bradycardic effects of baclofen (100 nmol).3Pretreatment with 8‐bromo‐cAMP (10 nmol), a cAMP analogue, attenuated the depressor and bradycardic effects of baclofen (100 nmol), but not with 8‐bromo‐cGMP (10 nmol), a cGMP analogue.4In addition, pretreatment with glipizide (20 nmol), an ATP‐sensitive K+channel (KATP) blocker, attenuated the depressor and bradycardic effects of baclofen (100 nmol).5These results suggest that GABABreceptors in the spinal cord have an inhibitory role in the central cardiovascular regulation and that these depressive and bradycardic actions are modified by cAMP and by KATPchannel blockade.
Pharmacological analysis of vasoconstrictor responses to periarterial purinergic nerve stimulation
Authors: Yang X.‐P. , Chiba S. 
Published: January 2009

Summary1 Periarterial electrical nerve stimulation at a low frequency (1 Hz) readily induced a vasoconstrictor response of the canine splenic artery in a pulse number‐related manner (1–30 pulses of trains). The vasoconstrictor response to trains of up to 10 pulses at 1 Hz of stimulation appeared to be monophasic, whereas it became clearly distinguished into two phases at a longer train of 30 pulses.2 The monophasic vasoconstrictor responses to trains of 1, 3 or 10 pulses were not modified by an α1‐adrenoceptor blocking agent, prazosin (0.1 μM), but were completely inhibited by the P2X receptor desensitization with α,β‐methylene adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (α,β‐methlyene ATP; 1 μM). The 1st phase of vasoconstriction induced by a train length of 30 pulses was not influenced by the treatment with prazosin, but was abolished by α,β‐methylene ATP. The 2nd phase response was markedly inhibited by prazosin, and the remaining response of this phase was blocked by α,β‐methylene ATP.3 Rauwolscine (0.3 μM), an α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist, enhanced the vasoconstrictor responses to trains of 1, 3 or 10 pulses. Particularly at 10 pulses of electrical stimulation, the vasoconstrictor responses were significantly potentiated. The blockade of neuronal uptake of noradrenaline with imipramine (1 μM) did not affect the vasoconstrictor responses to trains of 1, 3 or 10 pulses.4 It is concluded that short pulse trains of stimulation at a low frequency may selectively activate a purinergic component of sympathetic cotransmission, and the prejunctional α2‐adrenergic feedback mechanism may tonically participate into the modulation of ATP release. Imipramine‐sensitive neuronal uptake mechanism may not play an important role in regulating vascular responses to periarterial purinergic nerve stimulation.