bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REGULATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE ENZYMES INVOLVED IN THE METABOLISM OF STEROID HORMONES IN RAT LIVER: THE EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATION OF ANTERIOR HYPOPHYSEAL HORMONES AND GONADOTROPHIN PREPARATIONS TO HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Lax Edmund Rodney , Ghraf Rüdiger , Schriefers Herbert , Herrmann Martin , Petutschnigk Diethelm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A crude human hypophyseal extract (HE), as well as human growth hormone (GH), ovine prolactin (PRL) and commercial preparations of ACTH, TSH, pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophins (PMS) and chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) were tested for their ability to induce the activities of cytoplasmic 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and microsomal Δ4-5α-hydrogenase and to repress the activities of microsomal 3α-and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the liver of hypophysectomized rats. The activity of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was not affected by any of the administered hormones. For the other enzymes, only PRL was effective in causing changes in the activities; the repressive effect on 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was highly significant (P < 0.001) These results indicate that PRL is involved in the regulation of at least some of the enzyme activities of hepatic steroid hormone metabolism.
EFFECT OF AN OVULATORY DOSE OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE ON THE CONCENTRATION OF OESTRONE, OESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE IN THE RABBIT OVARIAN FOLLICLES
Authors: Patwardhan Vasant V. , Lanthier André 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
This study was done to determine the effect of an ovulatory dose of LH on the concentration of oestrone, oestradiol and progesterone in the follicular tissue and in follicular fluid of ovaries of sexually mature female rabbits. Eight animals were sacrificed without treatment while others (4 to a group) were sacrificed at 1, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h after administration of LH (50 μg). In each animal follicles from both ovaries were pooled and the follicular tissue was separated from the fluid. Determination of oestrone, oestradiol and progesterone was done by radioimmunoassay separately in the follicular tissue and in fluid.
One hour after LH treatment oestrogen levels were found elevated, as compared to the control, in the fluid but not in the tissue. Thereafter oestrogen levels declined and reached levels much below control at times nearing ovulation. On the other hand, progesterone levels were elevated over the control in both the tissue and fluid at 1 and 3 h. The tissue progesterone levels were, however, below control at and after 6 h. The sustained high concentrations of tissue progesterone in the earlier period after LH stimulation could play a role in the chain of events leading to follicular rupture.
URINARY TESTOSTERONE GLUCURONIDE AND SULPHATE IN NEWBORNS AND YOUNG INFANTS
Authors: Krawczynska H. , Zachmann M. , Prader A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urinary testosterone glucuronide and sulphate was determined separately by gas chromatography in 39 newborns and young infants (34 males and 5 females). In all cases, testosterone sulphate was higher than glucuronide. Boys excreted more of both conjugates (sulphate 6.7, glucuronide 2.2 μg/24 h) than girls (1.1 and 0.7 μg/24 h, respectively). Boys older than 3 weeks had higher values than boys younger than 2 weeks. The levels correlated positively with chronological age, negatively with the gestational age and not at all with the bilirubin levels. It is concluded that testosterone is excreted preferentially as the sulphate in the newborn period and that the high sulphokinase activity in foetal and neonatal testes is more likely responsible for this phenomenon than an impaired glucuronizing capacity of the liver.
ENDOCRINE FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH SUPRASELLAR AND HYPOTHALAMIC TUMOURS
Authors: Korsgaard Ove , Lindholm Jörgen , Rasmussen Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The pituitary function in 35 consecutive patients with a non-pituitary suprasellar tumour was studied.
In craniopharyngiomas and hypothalamic gliomas severe hormonal disturbances were the rule. In suprasellar cysts and meningiomas and in optic nerve gliomas the hormonal disturbances were on the whole less marked and related to the size of the tumour as judged from the pneumoencephalography, larger tumours leading to more extensive alterations than smaller neoplasms.
TRIIODOTHYRONINE BINDING TO LYMPHOCYTES FROM EUTHYROID SUBJECTS AND A PATIENT WITH PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE TO THYROID HORMONE
Authors: Liewendahl Kristian 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Triiodothyronine (T3) binding to Ficoll-Isopaque purified human lymphocytes was studied. During incubation of lymphocytes with [125I]T3 in a calcium-free medium at 37°C, maximal uptake of T3 in nuclei occurred after 2 h and declined after prolonged incubation. Incubation of lymphocytes with T3 concentrations ranging from 1 × 10−11 to 1 × 10−9 mol/l and subsequent treatment with Triton X-100 to strip off [125I]T3 bound with low affinity was used for the estimation of affinity and capacity of nuclear T3 binding sites. The mean equilibrium affinity constant (Ka) estimated with the Scatchard method in 11 euthyroid healthy subjects was 4.5 × 109 1/mol, and the mean maximal binding capacity 25 × 10−15 mol/100 μg DNA. In a female patient with peripheral resistance to thyroid hormone action, the estimated Ka was 3.5 × 109 1/mol and the number of T3 binding sites 37 × 10−15 mol/100 μg DNA. Although not statistically different from the mean value in euthyroid subjects, this Ka value was outside the range of control values observed and was considered presumptive evidence that the nuclear T3 receptors in this patient have abnormally low affinity for its ligand. The nuclear T3 binding capacity in this patient was significantly increased.
AN EVALUATION OF LITHIUM AS AN ADJUNCT TO CARBIMAZOLE TREATMENT IN ACUTE THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: Turner J. G. , Brownlie B. E. W. , Sadler W. A. , Jensen C. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The rate of control of thyrotoxicosis during the first 2 weeks of treatment was documented in 63 patients. Twenty-three patients received carbimazole 40 mg plus lithium carbonate 750 mg daily and a comparable group of 20 patients were given carbimazole 40 mg plus potassium iodide 120 mg daily. In the lithium treated patients the mean percentage fall of serum T4 after 2 weeks treatment was 49% and the fall in serum T3 57%. The results were similar in the iodide treated patients; the mean falls in serum T4 and T3 being 47% and 64%, respectively. Serum lithium values varied between 0.1–1.25 mEq./l; lithium side effects were minor. In a companion study 20 patients were treated with carbimazole alone. The responses in this group were less impressive; the mean falls in serum T4 and T3 at 2 weeks being 18% and 36%, respectively. It is concluded that lithium is a safe adjunct to conventional antithyroid drug therapy in the initial treatment of acute thyrotoxicosis.
ROLE OF GALACTOSE IN THE ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF THYROGLOBULIN
Authors: Monaco F. , Andreoli M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroglobulins (TG) from a "hot" human thyroid nodule and from Fisher rats have been purified and the effects of progressive removal of sialic acid and galactose on the immunoreactive properties of the proteins were studied. Terminal sialic acid and galactose were released by stepwise hydrolysis with neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase.
Agalacto-TG shows a slower electrophoretic mobility than native TG, but in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis it migrates in the same position as asialo-TG.
In immunodiffusion agalacto-TG forms a spur with native TG and asialo-TG when tested against anti 19S native TG or anti-asialo-TG sera.
It is thus shown that galactose in the terminal environment of the oligosaccharide chains of thyroglobulin is essential for the structural groups involved in the antigenic properties of thyroglobulin.
PITUITARY-THYROID INTERRELATIONSHIP IN RATS EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES
Authors: Tal Eli , Chayoth Reuben , Zor Uriel , Goldhaber Gideon , Zerachie Avi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present work intended to show interrelationships between triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and cyclic adenosine 3′5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in both the pituitary and the thyroid. Experiments were carried out on animals exposed to 0 and 37°C for 4 days and to 34°C for 21 days. Control animals were maintained at 22°C. T4 serum levels of 2.6, 4.0, 1.1 and 0.42 μg/100 ml serum, and T3 levels of 95, 135, 65 and 36 ng/100 ml serum were recorded at 22, 0, 34 and 37°C, respectively. The observed serum TSH levels were 265, 192, 237 and 182 μg/100 ml serum in rats exposed to 22, 0, 34 and 37°C, respectively. Pituitary TSH content was similar at 22, 0 and 34°C whereas the content in the 37°C exposed rats was twice that of controls. Thyroid cyclic AMP levels were not significantly different among the various experimental groups. The content of cyclic AMP in the pituitary was higher at 34°C by 125 % and 37°C by 240 %, and lower at 0°C by 56 % with regard to the control.
These results suggest that the 0 and 34°C exposed rats reach a new steady state in the control of thyroid hormones secretion rate. However, at 37°C, the TSH-thyroxine interrelationships seem to break down.
MORPHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL, ORGAN-SPECIFIC INSULITIS OF THE MOUSE PANCREAS
Authors: Egeberg Jørn , Nerup Jørn , Andersen Ole Ortved , Bendixen Gunnar , Kromann Hans , Gunnarsson Rolf , Hellerström Claes , Poulsen Jacob E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The morphologic and metabolic effect of a single intracutaneous injection of homologous endocrine pancreas in Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) was studied in 100 mice and compared with control groups which had been (1) immunized with murine insulin in CFA, (2) injected with CFA alone, or had (3) received no treatment.
There were no differences between the control groups as regards the morphology of the pancreatic islets, and the glucose tolerance was normal.
Mice immunized with islet homogenate exhibited morphological changes in the form of degranulation and cytoplasmic disintegration. These changes involved B-cells as well as A2-cells and were present from 7 to 18 days after the immunization. A significant reduction in glucose tolerance was observed 14 days after the immunization. Another characteristic finding in the islets from the immunized mice was the extravascular presence of mononuclear, agranular cells which on the basis of their morphological criteria appeared to represent lymphocytes.
HYPOPHYSO-GONADAL FUNCTION IN THE CRYPTORCHID CHILD: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN UNILATERAL AND BILATERAL CRYPTORCHIDS
Authors: Cacciari E. , Cicognani A. , Pirazzoli P. , Zappulla F. , Tassoni P. , Bernardi F. , Salardi S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 22 normal boys, 33 unilateral and 14 bilateral cryptorchids, a gonadal function test (2000 IU of HCG im each a day for three days and assays of plasma testosterone and plasma oestradiol-17β before and after the HCG administration) as well as an LH-RH test were carried out.
In 60% of the cases, both normal and cryptorchid boys, plasma oestradiol-17β (both in basal conditions and after stimulus) were found to be less than the sensitivity (5 pg/ml) of the method. While the plasma testosterone was similar under basal conditions in the three groups of children, after HCG it was significantly lower than the mean value of the control group only in the bilateral cryptorchids. The testosterone levels, both under basal conditions and after stimulus, are correlated to bone age only in the normal boys and in the unilateral cryptorchids. There were no significant differences among the various groups for either LH and FSH both under basal conditions and after LH-RH. The LH curve area during the LH-RH test is in correlation with bone age only in the normal children.
HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-TESTICULAR SYSTEM FOLLOWING TESTICULAR X-IRRADIATION
Authors: Verjans H. L. , Eik-Nes K. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Testes of adult, male rats were exposed to a total dose of 1500 R of X-irradiation. Testicular weight decreased from day 8 after X-ray treatment. This decrease was, however, preceded by an increment of the testis weight on day 4 following treatment. X-ray treatment of testes was associated with significant increases in serum FSH. Testicular irradiation had, however, no effect on ventral prostate and seminal vesicles weights. Serum testosterone increased only on day 1, 2 and 4 after irradiation, while serum LH levels tended to increase from day 8 post-irradiation. These changes were not significant, however, when compared with non-irradiated controls. At 7, 13 and 20 days following 1500 R of bilateral, testicular X-irradiation, the hypothalamic-pituitary unit was still capable of responding to exogenous gonadotrophin releasing factor. Serum FSH may in male rats be regulated at least partly by circulating steroids of testicular origin and partly by an unknown factor of non-interstitial cell nature.
THE EFFECT OF 2-BROMO-α-ERGOCRYPTINE (CB154) ADMINISTRATION ON THE HORMONE LEVELS, ORGAN WEIGHTS, PROSTATIC MORPHOLOGY AND ZINC CONCENTRATIONS IN THE MALE RAT
Authors: Harper M. E. , Danutra V. , Chandler J. A. , Griffiths K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
2-Bromo-α-ergocryptine (CB154) administration to male rats produced a significant decrease in plasma prolactin levels without changing the LH and testosterone concentrations. The weights of the accessory sex tissues, testes, adrenals and kidney were unaltered by the treatment. Zinc concentration and distribution in the cell organelles of the prostatic tissue was markedly changed by CB154 treatment. No changes in the uptake of testosterone in vivo occurred in the treated animals. Prolactin did not consistently influence the prostatic adenyl cyclase activity in vitro and only at high concentrations was the testosterone uptake in vitro with cultures of prostatic tissue increased.
THE SERUM HALF-LIFE OF SOMATOMEDIN ACTIVITY: EVIDENCE FOR GROWTH HORMONE DEPENDENCE
Authors: Cohen Kenneth L. , Nissley S. Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The serum half-life of somatomedin (SM) activity has been measured following the intravenous injection of SM activity into hypophysectomized rats. A [3H]thymidine incorporation assay in chick embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) has been utilized to measure SM activity. Cell cycle analysis data obtained with the flow microfluorometer shows that the [3H]thymidine incorporation data reflects actual DNA synthesis. When normal rat serum was injected, a half-life for SM activity of approximately 3 h was determined. In marked contrast, when serum from hypophysectomized (hypox) rats acutely treated with growth hormone (GH) was used as the source of SM actively, the half-life of the SM actively was short, approximately 8 min. However, when serum from hypox rats chronically treated with GH was injected, the half-life was again long, approximately 4 h. SM activity has been separated from its binding proteins by boiling under acid conditions or chromatography on Sephadex G-50 in 1 n acetic acid. The halflife of this partially purified SM activity was short, in the range of 10–30 min. Finally, recombination of the partially purified SM activity with the large proteins in normal serum extended the half-life of the SM from 10–30 min to about 2 h. These data indicate that the serum half-life of SM activity is GH dependent and suggest that the serum binding protein, like SM itself, is under GH control.
MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA: ECTOPIC PRODUCTION OF PEPTIDES WITH ACTH-LIKE, CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASING FACTOR-LIKE AND PROLACTIN PRODUCTION-STIMULATING ACTIVITIES
Authors: Birkenhäger Jan C. , Upton G. Virginia , Seldenrath H. Jaqueline , Krieger Dorothy T. , Tashjian Armen H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A 45-year-old women had medullary thyroid carcinoma associated with Cushing's syndrome and galactorrhoea. Elevated plasma immunoreactive ACTH and cortisol were partially suppressed by intravenous dexamethasone, appreciably raised by lysine vasopressin, and urinary excretion of 17-oxogenic steroids slightly elevated by metyrapone.
A large arterio-venous increase in plasma corticotrophin releasing factor-like activity across the thyroid gland was observed and tumour tissue contained corticotrophin releasing factor-like activity. Biologically active ACTH was not detected in tumour extracts before incubation with trypsin, but after trypsinization a value of 3.2 mU per gram was obtained. Arterial plasma contained biologically active ACTH (1.5 mU/100 ml) prior to trypsinization. Venous effluent from the thyroid gland contained biologically active (9.6 mU/100 ml) and immunoreactive ACTH (970 pg/ml) before trypsinization. Tumour extracts also contained prolactin production-stimulating activity. These findings can explain the Cushing's syndrome and the galactorrhoea both of which disappeared completely after thyroidectomy.
FACTORS INFLUENCING TRIIODOTHYRONINE BINDING PROPERTIES OF LIVER NUCLEAR RECEPTORS
Authors: Degroot Leslie J. , Torresani Janine , Carrayon Pierre , Tirard Alain 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Triiodothyronine (T3) may bind directly to receptors present in liver cell nuclei, or may be transported into nuclei by receptor protein(s) present in the cytosol. To evaluate these possibilities, T3 binding was studied in vitro using liver cell nuclei isolated from rats exposed in vivo to very low (H), normal (N), or high levels of T3 (H + T3), and using nuclei incubated in vitro with added cytosol proteins. Ka for T3 was 0.075 ± 0.05 × 1010 m−1 in N, 0.1+0.04 in H, and 0.094 + 0.04 in H + T3, and pg T3 bound/100 μg DNA were 47 ± 17, 31 ± 14, and 29 ± 8 in the three groups. The data indicate no difference in binding capacity between the groups related to prior in vivo exposure to T3, and that T3 may bind directly to empty nuclear receptor sites.
Rat liver cytosol proteins added to the in vitro incubation medium always depressed T3 uptake by nuclei. Bovine serum albumin had a similar effect. Large amounts of rat serum proteins depressed uptake, but low levels augmented T3 binding through an unknown mechanism.
It is probable that free T3 in serum is in equilibrium with free T3 in the cytosol and nucleus, and binds directly to nuclear receptor proteins without mediation by a cytosol receptor protein.
THE UPTAKE IN THE PANCREATIC ISLETS OF NICOTINAMIDE, NICOTINIC ACID AND TRYPTOPHAN AND THEIR ABILITY TO PREVENT STREPTOZOTOCIN DIABETES IN MICE
Authors: Tjälve Hans , Wilander Erik 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The uptake of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-precursors nicotinamide, nicotinic acid and tryptophan in the pancreatic islets of mice was studied by use of autoradiographical methods. The ability of these substances to prevent streptozotocin diabetes was studied in the same species. It was found that only nicotinamide was strongly accumulated in the pancreatic islets and nicotinamide was also the only NAD-precursor which protected against the streptozotocin diabetes. Apparently there is a relationship between the ability of the NAD-precursors to be taken up in the pancreatic islets and their ability to prevent streptozotocin diabetes.
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF BOVINE ADRENAL FASCICULATA-RETICULARIS CELLS IN MONOLAYER CULTURE: STEROIDOGENESIS, EFFECT OF ACTH AND CYCLIC AMP
Authors: Goodyer Cynthia G. , Torday John S. , Smith Barry T. , Giroud C. J. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Bovine adrenocortical cells dispersed by trypsin digestion of fasciculata-reticularis minces were maintained in monolayer culture for up to 6 weeks.
During the first week cells grown in medium containing ACTH (1 mU/ml) secreted steroids at a rate 10 to 20-fold greater than control cultures, cortisol accounting for 80–90% of the corticotrophic response. Using tracer amounts of [3H]progesterone and [3H]pregnenolone, the major products were cortisol, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol and 11-deoxycorticosterone in decreasing order of magnitude.
After 10 to 15 days in culture steroidogenesis was no longer enhanced by ACTH. This was concomitant with an apparent loss of 11β-hydroxylase activity which was mainly manifested by a sharp increase in the formation of 11-deoxycortisol.
Short-term incubations of these cells during the first week in culture provided evidence that steroidogenesis was related to ACTH concentrations (from 0.1 to 100 μU/ml) and stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, the corticotrophic responses being further enhanced by theophylline (0.5 to 50 μmoles/5 ml). Exposure of the cells to ACTH (50 μU/ml) resulted in a rapid increase in intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations concomitant with a progressive increase in the corticosteroids released into the medium.
The data are consistent with the conclusion that during the first week in culture these cells provide a valuable model for the study of factors regulating steroidogenesis in the zona fasciculata-reticularis.
OESTROGEN IN HUMAN PREGNANCY FAECES
Authors: Adlercreutz Herman , Martin Finian 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The oestrogen content of two 24 h pools of pregnancy faeces, obtained from 2 normal women in the 33rd–37th week og gestation, was studied. The qualitative analyses were made by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry and the quantitative analyses by mass fragmentography. The presence of the following oestrogens in pregnancy faeces was established: Oestriol, oestrone, oestradiol-17β, 16-epioestriol, 17-epioestriol, 16α-hydroxyoestrone, 16-oxo-oestradiol-17β, 15α-hydroxyoestrone and 15α-hydroxyoestradiol-17β. In addition, mass fragmentographic evidence was obtained for the presence of 16β-hydroxyoestrone, 2-methoxyoestrone and oestradiol-17α. The total oestrogen excretion determined in the two pools was 786 and 1300 μg per 24 h. Unconjugated oestrogens accounted for 97.8 and 98.6% of these amounts, respectively.
Oestriol, oestradiol-17β, 15α-hydroxyoestradiol-17β, 16-epioestriol and oestrone, in that order, were quantitatively the most significant of the oestrogens determined. The remarkably high levels of oestradiol-17β found in faeces show, that in pregnancy, this mode of excretion is as important as urine for the elimination of this biologically active steroid. It is suggested that some of the oestradiol may have been formed through bacterial enzyme action from other oestrogens or neutral steroids.
Only trace amounts of ring D α-ketolic oestrogens were found in faeces. This is in marked contrast to the considerable amounts of these steroids found in pregnancy bile and urine.
EFFECTS OF SEX STEROIDS ON SEROTONIN UPTAKE IN BLOOD PLATELETS
Authors: Ehrenkranz Joel R. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Blood platelets have been suggested as a model for serotonin uptake and storage in the brain. To examine possible effects of sex steroids, platelets from human volunteers were incubated for 15 min with oestradiol, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone, and then incubated for 1 min with radioactive serotonin. The effects of the various steroids on serotonin uptake were measured.
At 10−3 m, oestradiol decreased serotonin uptake by 70 %, testosterone by 49 %, and dihydrotestosterone by 25 %. Both oestradiol and testosterone showed maximal enhancement of uptake at 10−6 m; oestradiol increased serotonin uptake by 41 %, and testosterone by 60 %. Dihydrotestosterone maximally facilitated uptake by 40 % at a concentration of 10−4 m.
No sex differences were found in either direction or in magnitude of change in uptake due to any hormone. It is suggested that the effects of oestradiol are of physiological significance and that the site of action of the steroid effect on serotonin uptake is the cell membrane of the platelets.