bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of lymphocytes producing macrophage migration inhibitory factor in albumin density gradients
Authors: Pick E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymph node cells of guinea pigs immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant were fractionated by centrifugation on a discontinuous albumin gradient and the resulting cell layers tested for their ability to release macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) upon in vitro exposure to tuberculin purified protein derivative. It was found that MIF production is limited to lymphocytes of lower density, representing only one fourth of all cells, while high density, small lymphocytes are inactive in this respect. Peak MIF production was usually associated with top layer (lowest density) cells, cultured at a concentration 5–10 times lower than that required for MIF formation by unfractionated cells.
Hapten‐specific augmentation of the anti‐idiotype antibody response to hapten‐myeloma protein conjugates in mice
Authors: Janeway C. A. , Paul W. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBALB/c and CBA mice produce little or no anti‐idiotype antibody upon immunization with IgG (γ2a) myeloma proteins derived from BALB/c mice. Similarly, DNP (2,4‐dinitrophenyl) conjugates of such proteins are poorly immunogenic in these mice and give rise to little anti‐DNP or anti‐idiotype antibody. Preimmunization of such mice with a DNP‐protein, such as DNP‐OVA (ovalbumin), prepares these animals for substantial anti‐idiotype responses to DNP conjugates of the BALB/c γ2a myeloma protein LPC‐1. This may be defined as a hapten‐specific helper effect.However, transfer of lymphoid cells from DNP‐OVA primed mice into irradiated syngeneic hosts does not prepare the recipients for an anti‐idiotype response and, thus, the effect does not appear to be mediated by DNP‐specific helper cells. By contrast, the transfer of serum from DNP‐OVA primed mice into normal recipients or of immune serum together with normal cells into irradiated hosts prepares them for anti‐idiotype responses to DNP‐LPC‐1. The active component of the immune serum appears to be an anti‐DNP antibody, as it can be removed by passing the serum over agarose columns to which either a DNP‐protein or an anti‐mouse‐κ antibody has been linked. The augmenting antibody appears not to function by inhibition of antigenic competition, as both anti‐DNP and anti‐idiotype antibody responses are increased by infusing such antibody.
The sensitivity of antibody to 2‐mercaptoethanol treatment in three Australian marsupials
Authors: Yadav M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunological responses to injections of sheep erythrocytes, Salmonella adelaide flagella and bacteriophage ϕX174 were investigated in three species of Western Australian marsupials (Setonix brachyurus, Macropus eugenii and Trichosurus vulpecula).Two classes of immunoglobulins similar to the eutherian IgM and IgG were normally formed to the antigens. In addition, a low molecular weight anti‐phage ϕX174 antibody of about 80 000 daltons was present in the three species. In Setonix the 19 S antibody converted to 7 S type relatively slowly in the primary response, but rapidly in the secondary response. The 2‐mercaptoethanol treatment showed that both 19 S and 7 S antibody was sensitive in variable proportions ranging from 0 to 100% and a different lability was noted to each of the antigens in the three species.In general, results indicated that the immune response in the marsupials did not lack the important features which typify an immune response in eutherians.
Experimental autoimmunno‐oophoritis in the rat
Authors: Janković B. D. , Marković B. M. , Petrović Spomenka , Isaković Katarina 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLesions were produced in the ovaries of Wistar rats by means of a mixture of bovine ovary and complete Freund's adjuvant. The inflammatory infiltrates consisted of lymphocytes and histiocytes. Delayed skin hypersensitivity to ovarian tissue was followed by the appearance of anti‐ovary antibody in the circulation.
Genetic control of the tendency to tolerance circumvention
Authors: Rose J. E. M. St , Cinader B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRandom bred rabbits were injected with human serum albumin (HA) at birth to induce tolerance to HA. Tolerant animals were then immunized with a p‐azobenzenesulfonic acid derivative of human albumin (HA‐D31). A proportion of these animals, 42 %, (27/64) responded with the production of antibody to HA‐D31 (TCR‐responders). Matings were carried out between TCR‐responders and between TCR‐nonresponders, and the offspring were subjected to the same procedures as their parents. Selective breeding of TCR‐responders produced 70 % (12/17) responders after two generations. Selective breeding of TCR‐nonresponders produced only TCR‐nonresponders after the third generation. Fourth generation offspring of TCR‐nonresponders, which were not injected with HA at birth, produced an antibody response to HA‐D31. The specificity of this antibody was analyzed by agglutination‐inhibition tests and was found to be similar to that of antibody produced in unselected rabbits. The genetic control of responsiveness to HA‐D31 in HA‐tolerant rabbits is polygenic and autosomal.
Isolation of f(c)5μ and fabμ fragments of human igm
Authors: Zián J. , Bennett J. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been shown previously that preparation of F(c)5μ and Fabμ fragments from IgM is limited both by low yields and incomplete cleavage and that digestion with hot trypsin is superior to papain in the absence of cysteine. The present study demonstrates that by using trypsin digestion, F(c)5μ fragment is relatively much more stable than Fabμ fragment. Optimum conditions for splitting with trypsin were 60°C for 20 min.Sedimentation constants of F(c)5μ and Fabμ fragments were 10.9 and 3.7 S, respectively. Molecular weights derived from polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate were 340 000 and 48 000 for F(c)5μ and Fabμ respectively. The molecular weight of F(c)5μ fragment falls to 33 600 after partial oxidative sulfitolysis.Amino acid and sugar composition of the fragments were determined and accounted for approximately 85 % of the IgM molecule. That portion which was lost is most likely a glycopeptide cleaved from the hinge area.
Immunosuppression with busulphan: the effect on spleen, marrow and thymus cells of mice
Authors: Addison I. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immunosuppressive activity of busulphan, an anti‐tumor agent, was studied using cell‐transfer experiments. Spleen cells from busulphan‐treated donors were many times less active than normal cells, while normal cells could restore competence to busulphan‐treated mice. It was concluded that the drug acts directly upon immunocompetent cells, but has no effect upon the environment in which they work. Further experiments showed that spleen from busulphan‐treated donors did not show synergy with normal marrow or thymus cells, and that neither marrow nor thymus cells from these donors show synergy with the reciprocal normal cell. It was concluded that busulphan affects both thymus‐dependent (T) and thymus‐independent (B) cells. However, marrow alone restored competence to busulphan‐treated recipients which, therefore, must contain an excess of T cells. This may be because mice normally contain an excess of T cells, or because there is a subpopulation of T cells outside the thymus and spleen, unaffected by busulphan.
Genetic control of phytohemagglutinin responsiveness by murine spleen cells and correlation between the release of lymphotoxins and dna synthesis
Authors: Donner Mireille , Vaillier D. , Burg C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractResponse to phytohemagglutinin was investigated in adult mouse spleen cells of congenic strains which differ only at the H‐2 locus. The stimulation of spleen cells was assessed by release of lymphotoxins and DNA synthesis.The results obtained show that the response to PHA markedly varied according to the genetic origin of spleen cells. Cells with H‐2a and H‐2b specificities responded better to PHA than those with H‐2f and H‐2s specificities. Furthermore, there was good correlation between the amount of released lymphotoxins and the level of DNA synthetic response.These results are discussed on the basis of an H‐2 linked genetic control of PHA response in mouse strains.
Antigenic strength investigated by cell‐mediated lympholysis in mice
Authors: Abbasi K. , Festenstein H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cell‐mediated lympholysis (CML) technique has been used to investigate antigenic strength in mice. Investigations of the parameters of the technique led to calculation of specific chromium release on the basis of the effect of 5‐day mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) incubated for 4 h with 3‐day 51Cr‐labeled phytohemagglutinin (PHA) transformed blast cells in a ratio of 50:1.The specificity of the reaction was established in mirror experiments and both major histocompatibility locus and M‐locus (non H‐2) incompatible MLC were tested against the appropriate PHA blasts. While strong MLC stimulation occurred in both these types of incompatible combinations, a specific killing capacity for CML developed only in the former. Furthermore, M‐locus gene products per se do not seriously influence the outcome of allograft survival a result consistent with those of others working in the rat and man, in which species the capacity to respond in MLC and to kill in CML and/or to reject allografts can be separated.The fact that M‐locus stimulation does not lead to cell killing could be due to the absence of a concomitant serologically defined incompatibility; if so, the serologically undetectable lymphocyte activating determinants of the major histocompatibility system linkage group could have a similar biological function to that of the M‐locus.
A familial incidence of structurally restricted antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharides
Authors: Pincus J. H. , Mage Rose G. , Alexander C. , Chace Nina M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRabbits were selected for their ability to produce structurally restricted anti‐polysaccharide antibodies when immunized with either type III or type VIII pneumococcal vaccines. Close relatives and offspring of these animals also exhibited this trait, indicating that it is inheritable. Within two groups of such restricted responders the trait could be observed with either type of vaccine. No correlation was observed with the magnitude of the immune response and the degree of antibody restriction. Furthermore, there was no correlation of this trait with sex, nor was there any obligate association with any a or b locus allotype. Isoelectric spectra of antibodies produced by individual rabbits showed no gross similarities, although siblings did appear to share components. In several instances, prolonged immunization of nonrestricted responders in these groups resulted in the production of structurally restricted antibodies. However, this was not a general phenomenon. Finally, some rabbits immunized with type III Pneumococcus produced restricted components that did not appear to possess anti‐polysaccharide activity.
Primary antibody formation in vitro by mouse cells in a complete homologous system
Authors: Munder P. G. , Modolell M. , Raetz W. , Luckenbach G. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMouse lymphocytes have been cultivated in the absence of heterologous sera or mitogenic compounds. The fetal calf serum usually used was replaced by small amounts (0.5–1 mg protein/ml medium) of homologous exudate fluid induced by intraperitoneal injection of lysolecithin. Under these conditions, a primary immune response against various antigens (sheep red blood cells, dinitrophenyl‐dextran, dinitrophenyl‐human IgG) can be elicited. Adjuvant activity of lysolecithin has also been studied in this system.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte stimulation by immune complexes. Assessment by nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction
Authors: Nydegger U. E. , Anner R. M. , Gerebtzoff A. , Lambert P. H. , Miescher P. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInsoluble immune complexes and immune aggregates were found to stimulate the activity of the hexose monophosphate shunt as measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This phenomenon depends more on the size of the complex than on its ability to activate complement.
Stimulation of DNA synthesis in mouse lymphoid cells by polyanions in vitro. II. Relationship between adjuvant activity and stimulation of DNA synthesis by polyanions
Authors: Vogt W. , Rühl H. , Wagner B. , Diamantstein T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of eleven different polyanions, among them dextran sulfate, and of two different preparations of dextran was investigated on [3H]dThd incorporation in spleen cells in vitro, and on PFC response to SRBC in vivo. In general, polyanions stimulated DNA synthesis in spleen cells and enhanced PFC response to SRBC.Dextran itself had no effect on DNA synthesis and on PFC response. The degree of activation of DNA synthesis by polyanions in vitro was found to correlate with the adjuvant activity of the substances in vivo It is postulated that activation of DNA synthesis in lymphoid cells is essential for the adjuvant activity of polyanions.
Studies on immunological paralysis. XI. A comparison of the tolerogenicity in vitro of levan and type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide
Authors: Kotlarski I. , Courtenay B. M. , Howard J. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBrief exposure of mouse spleen cell suspensions to levan (LE) in vitro induced a state of stable, specific unresponsiveness in these cells, as demonstrated by LE challenge 1 – 15 days after transfer of LE‐treated cells into lethally irradiated recipients. These mice showed unimpaired responsiveness to type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide (SIII) and sheep erythrocytes as compared with recipients of untreated cells.Suppression was attained by incubation in amounts of LE varying from 25 μg up to 10 mg/spleen equivalent and the increment in effect with rising concentrations of LE was relatively small. Tolerance induction in vitro was not dependent on the extremely high molecular weight of LE (mol. wt. 2 x 107) because it was equally demonstrable when hydrolyzed LE with a 1000‐fold reduction in average mol. wt. was used. Induction of unresponsiveness to LE could be prevented by exposure of spleen cells to anti‐mouse Fab serum prior to incubation with LE.In contrast, attempts to produce similar suppression using SIII were completely unsuccessful. It is concluded that the difference in behavior of these two thymus‐independent antigens may be a reflection of weaker overall binding of SIII to IgM receptors on B cells than is the case with LE. Consistent with this view is the demonstration that highly depolymerized LE retained the capacity to inhibit the detection of LE‐specific plaque‐forming cells, whereas SIII of similar mol. wt. had lost this property.
Immune responses in vitro. IV. A comparison of the protein‐free and mouse serum‐supplemented mouse mixed lymphocyte interaction assays
Authors: Peck A. B. , Katz‐Heber Ellen , Click R. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVarious parameters that optimize the cellular responses of mouse spleen lymphoid cells against alloantigens in a protein‐free and a mouse serum‐supplemented culture medium are defined. Results indicate: (a) The addition of sulfhydryl agents to either culture system caused an increase in thymidine incorporation, the percent increase being greater in allogeneic cultures than in syngeneic cultures. (b) The optimal ratio of responder cells to stimulator cells in the absence and presence of serum were different. The presence of mouse serum reduced by one‐half the number of stimulator cells necessary to maximize the response, while the optimal number of responder cells was similar in both systems. (c) The maximum incorporation of isotope for strain combinations which involved incompatibility at the major histocompatibility complex (H‐2) was at 66 h of culture in the protein‐free medium and at 98 h of culture in the serum‐supplemented medium.
Electrochemical reduction of immunoglobulins specific reduction of the inter‐heavy chain disulfide bridges of igg
Authors: Rivat C. , Fontaine M. , Ropartz C. , Caullet C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of IgG disulfide bridges has been studied and the number of disulfide bridges reduced determined by several methods: coulometry and polarographic titrations at the mercury electrode with electroactive alkylating agents, such as iodoacetamide and N‐ethylmaleimide. The three methods give identical results. Determination and localization of reduced disulfide bridges examined in the four IgG subclasses show that the reduction occurs exclusively on the interheavy chain disulfide bridges.
Cell‐mediated immune responses in vitro. v. a comparative study of in vitro immunogenicity of splenic lymphocytes, neoplastic lymphoid cells and fibroblasts
Authors: Wagner H. , Wyss C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study compares the effectiveness of mouse lymphocytes, neoplastic lymphoid cells or fibroblasts in stimulating allogeneic cells to embark on an in vitro cytotoxic response, as measured by a 51Cr release assay. In addition, during ontogeny of mouse spleen cells, their capacity to stimulate in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLR) was compared to their capacity to stimulate cytotoxic allograft responses. During ontogeny, there was amarked increase in the capacity of mouse spleen cells to stimulate mitotic responses in the MLR. In contrast, the magnitude of cytotoxic allograft responses induced by neonatal mouse spleen cells in the cytotoxic allograft system was comparable in magnitude to that induced by spleen cells of adult mice.The immunogenicity of subpopulations of mouse spleen cells was investigated. Mouse lymphoid cell populations, enriched for B or T lymphocytes or hemopoietic stem cells were equally immunogenic in vitro, as were myeloma or thymoma lymphoid cells. In contrast, mouse fibroblasts were found to elicit poor cytotoxic allograft responses. In fact, lymphoid cells were about 20–40‐fold more immunogenic than fibroblasts.
Specific priming of mouse thymus‐dependent lymphocytes to allogeneic cells in vitro
Authors: Andersson L. C. , Häyry P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBlast cells from one‐way mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) revert to lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. The blast‐derived lymphocytes (BDL) respond promptly in second MLC to the original and H‐2 cross‐reactive stimulator cells. The peak response by primed cells takes place on the 2nd – 3rd culture day, as compared to 6th – 7th day by nonprimed cells. BDL do not respond to the mitogens, phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A.
Mitogenic properties of the thymus‐independent antigen pneumococcal polysaccharide siii
Authors: Coutinho A. , Möller G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPneumococcal polysaccharide type SIII was found to stimulate DNA synthesis in nonsensitized spleen cells cultivated in vitro, peak activation occurring 2 days after the addition of 150 μg/ml of SIII. Cortisone‐resistant thymocytes did not respond, whereas spleen cells from congenitally athymic (nude) mice reacted as normal spleen cells.SIII induced polyclonal antibody synthesis in normal spleen cells, which was detected against a variety of red cell antigens and haptens. It was able to substitute for T cells, as demonstrated by the ability of sheep red cells to induce a primary immune response in cultures of nude spleen cells in the presence, but not in the absence, of SIII.It is concluded that SIII is a B cell mitogen capable of directly activating DNA and antibody synthesis in these cells. This property is presumably responsible for the thymus‐independent nature of the immune response to SIII and lipopolysac‐charide. It is suggested that other thymus‐independent antigens also are B cell mitogens, although the degree of mitogenicity may vary.
The allogeneic effect: increased affinity of serum antibody produced during a secondary response
Authors: Elfenbein G. J. , Green I. , Paul W. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have used the “allogeneic effect” as a model system for investigating the effects of augmented thymus‐derived lymphocyte function on secondary antibody responses of primed inbred guinea pigs. A transient graft‐versus‐host reaction was induced by infusing nonimmune strain 13 lymphoid cells into strain 2 guinea pigs which had been primed with dinitrophenylated (DNP) ovalbumin. Six days later the recipients were challenged with the priming antigen intradermally. Four days after boosting with antigen, sera from these “allogeneic” guinea pigs had significantly higher affinity for ε‐DNP‐L‐lysine than sera from “control” guinea pigs which were primed, but had not received allogeneic lymphoid cells. Spleen cells taken from “allogeneic” guinea pigs three to five days after boosting were shown to have both higher numbers of plaque‐forming cells and a predominance of high avidity antibody‐producing cells in comparison to spleen cells from “control” guinea pigs. Thus, increased donor thymus‐derived lymphocyte function brought about by the transient graft‐versus‐host reaction causes an enlargement of the host antibody‐producing cell pool and preferentially expands the subpopulation of cells producing high affinity antibody. The effects of this preferential expansion are reflected in the sera of “allogeneic” guinea pigs as higher affinity antibody in comparison to serum antibody of “control” guinea pigs.
Specificity of heterologous antisera to components solubilized from rat thymocyte membranes
Authors: Eshhar Z. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRat thymocyte membranes were solubilized by citraconic anhydride and the soluble preparation was fractionated by gel chromatography. Antithymocyte sera that were elicited by injection of either these soluble components or intact thymocytes or membranes of thymocytes, were compared for their cytotoxic effect on various cell populations and prolongation of skin grafts. The different antisera were equally effective in cytolysis and lysed 100% of thymus cells, 60% and 15% of lymph node and bone marrow cells, respectively. The antiserum raised by the soluble components contained significantly fewer antibodies against red blood cells or kidney and liver tissues and was also much less toxic when injected into rats. The different antisera were also comparably effective in the prolongation of skin grafts. The soluble components of rat thymocyte membranes inhibited the cytotoxic activity of the antisera raised in rabbits by either cells or the soluble preparation. However, the soluble component did not inhibit the cytotoxic activity of alloantisera, suggesting that the soluble component does not contain active histocompatibility antigens.
The role of t cells in the passive transfer of contact sensitivity and their occurrence in the bone marrow
Authors: Zembala M. , Asherson G. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractContact sensitivity to 4‐ethoxymethylene‐2‐phenyl oxazolone can be transferred to irradiated recipients by lymph node, spleen and bone marrow cells from sensitized donors. The transfer by lymph node, spleen and bone marrow cells was abolished by anti‐θ serum whose specificity was confirmed by absorption with CBA brain. Transfer by peritoneal exudate cells was relatively resistent to treatment with anti‐θ serum. Mice deprived of T cells did not develop contact sensitivity following immunization, and their bone marrow and peritoneal exudate cells failed to transfer contact sensitivity. It was concluded that T cells were required both for the induction and for the passive transfer of contact sensitivity.