bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing the illusion of warmth
Authors: Gheorghiu VA , Koch E , Fialkovski H , Pieper W , Molz G 
Published: February 2006

AbstractInvestigations concerning the influence of suggestion on warmth sensations are one of the favoured topics of suggestibility research. The great uncertainty concerning the perception of objective or faked warmth stimuli turned to be favourable premisses for such experiments. Methods such as the heat illusion test (Scripture, 1893; Seashore, 1895) have been used in various investigations for many years. The main purpose of such research was to investigate relationships between this kind of test and other suggestibility measures, applied dependently or independently from a hypnotic context. However, it has been found repeatedly that the readiness to respond to faked sources of warmth is heavily dependent on situational factors. The question to be examined is whether situational factors should become a matter of research themselves in order to enlarge our knowledge concerning suggestive processes. The present study investigated some of these factors, namely: type of simulated sources of warmth; affected area of skin; and set factors preceding the actual experimental trials. By far the strongest effects were found for the set factors. When the faked stimulation was embedded in procedures enhancing plausibility, the susceptibility to react was significantly greater. It was postulated that the heat illusion procedures may be useful in assessing various conditions influencing suggestibility. The results are discussed in terms of more general psychological perspectives. Copyright © 2001 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnotic susceptibility is positively related to a subset of schizotypy items
Authors: Jamieson Graham A , Gruzelier John H 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA multidimensional measure of schizotypal personality, the Personality Syndrome Questionnaire (PSQ) was completed by 83 undergraduate medical students. It was predicted that perceptual and cognitive reality distortions would be positively associated with hypnotic susceptibility. Fifteen of 84 items showed the predicted association. When combined into a preliminary scale, a correlation of 0.43 was found for the total scale score and susceptibility. Cronbach's alpha for this scale was acceptable at 0.77. These preliminary results are potentially vulnerable to type I error. Replication on a larger sample and factorial analysis of the proposed scales structure are required and underway. Copyright © 2001 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Indexing the relationship between self‐hypnosis and hetero‐hypnosis
Authors: Bibby Helen , McConkey Kevin M , Lim Debbie 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSelf‐hypnosis and hetero‐hypnosis were compared through the use of a continuous, concurrent measure of hypnotic experience. Twenty‐three high‐hypnotizable subjects were asked to turn a dial to indicate the strength of their experience across the suggestion, test and cancellation phases of an ideomotor item (arm levitation) and a cognitive item (age regression) during self‐hypnosis and hetero‐hypnosis. Differences between self‐hypnosis and hetero‐hypnosis depended on the item being experienced, as well as on the phase of the item. The findings are discussed in terms of using convergent methodologies to investigate self‐hypnotic phenomena. Copyright © 2001 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
The ‘story‐in‐a‐story’ technique
Authors: Mendlovic Schlomo , Doron Adiel 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA new resistance‐management technique based upon creating a primary story in which another, secondary story is embedded is presented. Through careful manipulation of reality and fantasy, the confusing nature of the embedded story supports the acceptance of the seemingly reality‐based primary story. The ‘story‐in‐a‐story’ technique was found to be effective in overcoming resistance and is thus of clinical relevance to therapists. Copyright © 2001 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
The effects of absorption and reduced critical thought on suggestibility in an hypnotic context
Authors: Brown Richard J , Antonova Elena , Langley Arun , Oakley David A 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe suggestibility‐enhancing effects of hypnosis are widely accepted, although poorly understood. In the present study, an attempt was made to address the effect of absorption and reduced critical thought on suggestibility change occurring in the hypnotic context. Study participants were presented with a waking suggestibility assessment followed by an induction consisting of instructions for progressive relaxation and a manipulation designed to establish an hypnotic context and an expectation for increased suggestibility. They were then presented with either further relaxation instructions, instructions to become absorbed or instructions to reduce critical thought, followed by a second suggestibility assessment. Groups were compared on objective and subjective suggestibility score change, controlling for suggestibility on the first test. Results indicate that the addition of instructions for absorption or reduced critical thought to relaxation procedures created a significantly larger suggestibility increase than instructions for relaxation alone. Moreover, instructions for relaxation alone were insufficient to produce an increase in suggestibility, despite the presence of an hypnotic context and positive expectations. These findings cast doubt on the notion that only non‐state factors are responsible for suggestibility increases observed in the hypnotic context, and raise the possibility that absorption and reduced critical thought are important components of hypnosis. Copyright © 2001 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnotic time perception: busy beaver or tardy timekeeper?
Authors: Naish Peter LN 
Published: February 2006

AbstractExperimental participants were asked to make prospective and retrospective time judgements, for both brief and longer periods of time. It was found that when these tasks were performed in hypnosis, prospective estimates became longer than the actual time period, whereas retrospective judgements became shorter than actual. The effects were the same, whether the periods involved were brief or long. It is proposed that this pattern of results is not satisfactorily explained by the ‘Busy Beaver’ hypothesis (St Jean, McInnes, Campbell‐Mayne and Swainson, 1994). These results are better accounted for by assuming that time judgements are derived from an internal clock, which runs slow during hypnosis. An absence of any effect of hypnosis upon critical flicker fusion (CFF) frequency is taken to rule out a simple physiological explanation for the slow clock. Instead, a tentative account is offered that links the timing effects with recent research in the areas of brain mapping, hallucinations and reality monitoring. Copyright © 2001 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Fear of injections: the value of hypnosis in facilitating clinical treatment
Authors: Medd David Y 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThree examples of the use of hypnosis in counselling show the variable effects of experiences in the creation of fear, anxiety and disabling phobia. Therapy may be directed to an apparently single cause of a few weeks' duration, or to a many‐layered complex of over 40 years' existence. The processes of resolution may be jointly agreed by client and counsellor or else no clear path to improvement may be identified. The present paper describes three patients with different problems who had high levels of fear or anxiety about receiving injections in botulinum toxin clinics. Individual differences in causes, history and personality made an integrated approach the logical choice. Successful outcomes showed that hypnosis, adaptedly adjoined with mainly behavioural and cognitive methods of counselling, can be of very great assistance in enabling patients to receive injections essential to treatment, and can usefully be made part of multidisciplinary team provision. Copyright © 2001 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Source locations of EEG frequency bands during hypnotic arm levitation: a pilot study
Authors: Lehmann Dietrich , Faber Pascal , Isotani Toshiaki , Wohlgemuth Pascal 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIntracerebral model source locations of three major electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency bands between 1.5 Hz and 30 Hz were compared in a pilot study with four subjects while their left arm was kept raised after prompted, willful initiation versus after hypnotic suggestion of arm levitation. Source locations of inhibitory activity (delta–theta EEG frequency band) were more posterior (p<0.04), and sources of routine functioning activity (alpha EEG frequency band, mainly alpha1) were more anterior (p<0.10) in the brain during the hypnotic than control condition. Comparison of the source location changes during hypnosis with reported findings after eye‐opening (attention) and during sleep onset suggests that hypnosis cannot exclusively be positioned on a scale from lowered vigilance to attention, but has an electrophysiological profile of its own. Copyright © 2001 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Indirect ego‐strengthening in treating PTSD in immigrants from Central America
Authors: Gafner George , Benson Sonja 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAs a result of civil war in El Salvador and Guatemala, hundreds of thousands of refugees fled to the USA during the 1980s. Many of these refugees experienced torture and other abuse, and current adaptation is complicated by post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The scope of the problem is examined along with cultural factors in mental health treatment and the limitations of conventional exposure therapy. The authors describe two indirect, hypnotic ego‐strengthening techniques that are useful in treating PTSD in this refugee population. Copyright © 2001 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Efficacy of clinical hypnosis in the enhancement of quality of life of terminally ill cancer patients
Authors: Liossi Christina , White Paul 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe fact that terminal cancer patients experience considerable psychological distress is now undisputed, but the effectiveness of psychological treatments in relieving this suffering is less clear. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the efficacy of clinical hypnosis in the enhancement of quality of life of patients with far‐advanced cancer. Fifty terminally ill cancer patients were randomly assigned to two groups: standard care and hypnosis. Patients in the standard care group received routine medical and psychological care. Their medical treatment included pharmacological management of pain and other symptoms following the World Health Organization's model of palliative care (WHO, 1990). The psychological support consisted of supportive counselling based on the cognitive existential therapeutic tradition. In addition to the standard care, patients in the hypnosis group received weekly sessions of hypnosis with a therapist for four weeks. Outcome measures included quality of life, as measured by The Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (DeHaes, Olschewski, Fayers, Visser, Cull, Hopwood and Sanderman, 1996), and depression and anxiety, as measured by The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983). Results demonstrated that at the end of intervention patients in the hypnosis group had significantly better overall quality of life and lower levels of anxiety and depression when compared to the standard care group. It is concluded that hypnosis is effective in the enhancement of quality of life in terminally ill cancer patients. Copyright © 2001 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Prenylflavonoids as Nonsteroidal Phytoestrogens and Related Structure–Activity Relationships
Authors: Wang Zhi‐qiang , Weber Nadine , Lou Yi‐jia , Proksch Peter 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn the search for estrogen receptor (ER) modulators, a series of prenylflavonoids were found to be widely distributed amongst tonic herbal medicines and to possess estrogen‐like activity in MCF‐7/BOS cells, as evaluated by an estrogen‐screening assay. Cell‐cycle analysis revealed that the stimulatory effects of these compounds toward cell proliferation were elicited at the G1–S checkpoint and could significantly increase the S‐phase population of MCF‐7 cells under hormone‐free conditions. ER‐responsive gene (PS2, PgR) and protein (PgR) expression was also detected; mRNA and protein‐expression levels for PS2 and PgR were up‐regulated by the compounds in a dose‐dependent manner. These effects could be inhibited by the pure ER antagonist ICI 182,780 ((7α‐[9‐{4,4,5,5,5‐pentafluoropentyl}sulfinyl]nonyl)estra‐1,3,5(10)‐triene‐3,17β‐diol). It was therefore concluded that the estrogen‐like effects of these prenylflavonoids were mediated primarily through ERs. Furthermore, to explore the structure–activity relationship based on the estrogen receptor and detailed molecular mechanisms among the prenylflavonoids, protein–ligand docking simulations were carried out by using the DS‐MODELING software package. The binding affinity of each prenylflavonoid toward ERα was scored, and the receptor–ligand interaction was also analyzed to provide the simulation characteristics of virtual molecular recognition mechanisms.
Interdependence of radial scar and proliferative disease with respect to invasive breast carcinoma risk in patients with benign breast biopsies
Authors: Sanders Melinda E. , Page David L. , Simpson Jean F. , Schuyler Peggy A. , Dale Plummer W. , Dupont William D. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDRadial scars (RS) are benign breast lesions that have been implicated as independent risk factors for invasive breast carcinoma (IBC).METHODSA retrospective cohort study of 9556 women who underwent biopsy between 1950–1986 and enrolled in the Nashville Breast Cohort was performed to investigate the association between RS in a benign breast biopsy and the risk of IBC. The risk associated with RS and coexistent proliferative disease (PD) was assessed adjusting for age at biopsy using a Cox hazards regression analysis with time‐dependent covariates.RESULTSRS were identified in 880 women (9.2%). The average follow‐up time was 20.4 years. Sixty‐two women (7.0%) with RS developed IBC compared with 5.5% of controls. The relative risk of IBC associated with RS was 1.82 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.2–2.7) at 10 years. Restricting the analysis to women age > 49 years increased the risk to 2.14 (95% CI, 0.6–2.8). These risks decreased with increasing years of follow‐up. Approximately 92% of women with RS also had PD, but RS were present in only 1.3% of biopsies without PD. Analyses stratifying relative risk with regard to PD found RS to minimally elevate the relative risk of subsequent IBC.CONCLUSIONSRS in the absence of PD is uncommon. Although the presence of RS in a benign breast biopsy mildly elevates the risk of IBC risk, the current analysis indicated that this risk can be largely attributed to the category of coexistent PD. In women with both RS and atypical hyperplasia, recommendations for interventions beyond biopsy should be based on the extent of atypical hyperplasia. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Utility of molecular genetic signatures in the delineation of gastric neoplasia
Authors: Kidd Mark , Modlin Irvin M. , Mane Shrikant M. , Camp Robert L. , Eick Geeta N. , Latich Igor , Zikusoka Michelle N. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDCurrent techniques to define gastric neoplasia are limited but molecular genetic signatures can categorize tumors and provide biological rationale for predicting clinical behavior. We identified three gene signatures: Chromogranin A (CgA), MAGE‐D2 (adhesion), and MTA1 (metastasis) that define gastrointestinal (GI) carcinoids and hypothesize that their expression can delineate gastric neoplasia. This strategy provides a molecular basis to define neuroendocrine gastric carcinoids (GCs), neuronal stromal tumors (GISTs), or epithelial cell (gastric adenocarcinomas [GCAs])‐derived tumors.METHODSTotal RNA was isolated from 38 GCs: Type I/II (n = 7), Type III/IV (n = 6), GISTs (n = 12), GCAs (n = 13), and normal mucosa (n = 12). Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (Q RT‐PCR) gene expression was quantified against glyseraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and CgA and MTA1 protein expression levels were analyzed by immunohistochemical analyses of a gastric neoplasia microarray.RESULTSCgA was elevated in Type I/II (10‐fold; P < .01) and Type III/IV (100‐fold, P < .005), decreased in GISTs (100‐fold, P < .03), and unchanged in GCAs. MAGE‐D2 was 5‐10‐fold elevated (P < .05) in Type III/IV, GISTs, and GCAs but not in Type I/II tumors. MTA1 (> 5‐fold, P < .01) was elevated in GCs (Type III/IV>I/II, P < .05), in GISTs (> 4‐fold, P < .05), and GCAs. CgA protein levels were elevated in GCs (P < .005) but not in GISTs and GCAs. MTA1 levels were elevated in all tumors (P < .02) compared with normal, and especially with tumor invasion (P < .05).CONCLUSIONCgA discriminates GCs from other gastric neoplasms; overexpression of MAGE‐D2 and MTA1 differentiate Type III/IV from Type I/II GCs. GISTs share similar expression patterns with Type III/IV GCs but have decreased CgA. MTA1 is a marker of tumor invasion. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
A miniaturized wide‐angle 2D cytometer
Authors: Singh Kirat , Su Xuantao , Liu Caigen , Capjack Clarence , Rozmus Wojciech , Backhouse Christopher James 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground:We present an optical waveguide based cytometer that is capable of simultaneously collecting the light scattered by cells over a wide range of solid angles. Such comprehensive scattering data are a prerequisite for the microstructural characterization of cells.Methods:We use latex beads as cell mimics, and demonstrate the ability of this new cytometer to collect back‐scattered light in two dimensions (2D). This cytometer is based on a liquid‐core optical waveguide, excited by prism coupling, that also serves as the microfluidic channel. In principle, our use of a hemispherical lens allows the collection of scattered light from 0 to 180° in 2D.Results:The experimentally observed positions of the intensity peaks of the back‐scattered light agree well with theoretical prediction of scattering from both 4.0‐ and 9.6‐μm diameter latex beads. The position of the bead, relative to the axes of the hemispherical lens and the microchannel, strongly affects the scattering pattern. We discuss a computational method for determining these offsets.Conclusions:We show that wide‐angle 2D light scattering patterns of cell‐sized latex beads can be observed in a microfluidic‐based optical cytometer that uses leaky waveguide mode excitation. This chip‐based system is compatible with emerging chip‐based technologies. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of Acanthamoeba–microsphere association by multiparameter flow cytometry and confocal microscopy
Authors: Elloway Edward A. G. , Bird Roger A. , Hewitt Christopher J. , Kelly Steven L. , Smith Stephen N. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground:Acanthamoebae, in common with other protozoa, readily endocytose particulate material, which in turn may lead to the spread of infectious disease.Methods:Evaluation and quantification of plain and carboxylate FITC–microsphere association with acanthamoebal trophzoites was undertaken using a combination of flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Trophozoites from strains and species of Acanthamoeba were exposed to plain and carboxylate FITC–microspheres. Microsphere size and aspects such as trophozoite starvation, maturity, and exposure to metabolic inhibitors were assessed.Results:All species and strains of Acanthamoeba readily endocytosed plain and carboxylate microspheres. Starving trophozoites significantly increased binding and potential ingestion of microspheres, whereas trophozoites of increasing maturity lost such abilities. Trophozoites showed a significant preference for 2.0‐ and 3.0‐μm‐diameter microspheres when compared with other sizes, which in turn could occupy much of the cytoplasm. The physiological inhibitors sodium azide, 2,4‐dinitrophenol, and cytochalasin B reduced microsphere association with trophozoites; however, some microspheres still bound and associated with trophozoites after inhibitor exposure, a manifestation of both active and inactive agent involvement in microsphere endocytosis.Conclusions:Even though the origins of microsphere binding by acanthamoebal trophozoite remains shrouded, the combination of flow cytometry and confocal microscopy supported synergistic quantification and qualification of trophozoite–microsphere endocytosis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Setup and characterization of a multiphoton FLIM instrument for protein–protein interaction measurements in living cells
Authors: Waharte François , Spriet Corentin , Héliot Laurent 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground:Fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM) is currently one of the best techniques to perform accurate measurements of interactions in living cells. It is independent of the fluorophore concentration, thus avoiding several common artifacts found in Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) imaging. However, for FLIM to achieve high performance, a rigorous instrumental setup and characterization is needed.Methods:We use known fluorophores to perform characterization experiments in our instrumental setup. This allows us to verify the accuracy of the fluorescence lifetime determination, and test the linearity of the instrument by fluorescence quenching.Results:We develop and validate here a protocol for rigorous characterization of time‐domain FLIM instruments. Following this protocol, we show that our system provides accurate and reproducible measurements. We also used HeLa cells expressing proteins fused to Green Fluorescent Proteins variants (CFP and YFP) to confirm its ability to detect interactions in living cells by FRET.Conclusions:We report a well‐designed protocol in which precise and reproducible lifetime measurements can be performed. It is usable for all confocal‐based FLIM instruments and is a useful tool for anyone who wants to perform quantitative lifetime measurements, especially when studying interactions in living cells using FRET. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.