bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of reconstruction of the facial nerve
Authors: Ferreira Marcus Castro , Besteiro Julio Morais , Tuma Paulo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe results of surgical treatment for facial paralysis are still difficult to compare as there is no universal scoring method. The purpose of this communication is to review the results of reconstruction of the extratemporal facial nerve with nerve grafts using our own evaluation system. Fifty‐nine patients were operated on during the period 1981–1991. They had lacerations or other trauma to the face which resulted in loss of continuity of the facial nerve or branches.Three groups were considered: (a) 12 patients had injuries involving the trunk and extending up to the main branches of the facial nerve; (b) 32 patients had parotid laceration or contusion on the parotid area with resulting nerve defects extending from a main branch up to distal branches; and (c) 15 patients had injuries on the distal branches: frontal, zygomatic, or mandibular.The sural nerve was used as the graft in all instances. The grafting procedure was performed from three weeks to six months after the trauma.The method of evaluation compares the normal with the paralyzed side. A score is given of 0 (no motion), 1 (weak motion), or 2 (strong motion), for each of six voluntary contractions: forehead, closure of eyelids and lips, traction, elevation, and depression of the lips. The assessment of involuntary mimic actions was done while observing blinking, speaking, smiling, and laughing. Mass movements were scored negatively. The numbers were recorded and the ratio between the paralyzed and normal side gave an estimate of the lack of symmetry. Differences between the preoperative and postoperative scores showed that improvement had been achieved by surgery. Nerve grafting provided a significant improvement of function in patients with traumatic injuries to the extratemporal facial nerve. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free flap reconstruction of tumors involving the cranial base
Authors: Besteiro Julio Morais , Aki Fabio Ezo , Ferreira Marcus Castro , Medina L. R. , Cernea C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe authors describe their experience in treating 24 patients who underwent resection of tumors involving anterior, middle or posterior cranial fossa with immediate reconstruction. All were reconstructed with free flaps, 15 rectus abdominis, 4 radial forearm, 3 latissimus dorsi, 2 great omentum, and one scapular flap.There was one latissimus dorsi flap loss due to arterial thrombosis in a heavily irradiated patient.Three patients presented with a temporary cerebrospinal fluid leak, one of them with meningitis which resolved after intravenous antibiotics and continuous lumbar drainage.Fifteen patients were followed (mean 2 years). Five died of recurrence. Four presented local recurrence. Six patients are alive with no signs of recurrence.Free flaps, especially the rectus abdominis flap and the latissimus dorsi, are versatile flaps and may be easily positioned to cover several structures or anatomical surfaces. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Replantation of digits: Factors influencing survival and functional results
Authors: Zumiotti Arnaldo , Ferreira Marcus Castro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractImmediate survival and functional results were studied in 60 finger replants performed from 1980 to 1990. The follow‐up ranged from 1 to 5 years with the mean of 2 years and 8 months. The survival rate achieved was 70% and was not related to the patient's age, the mechanism of injury, the level of amputation, the total ischemia time, the number of arteries and veins repaired or the type of vascular reconstruction. Sensory return was related to the mechanism of amputation and the total active motion was strongly correlated with the level of amputation.Of the 16 digits that had only one artery anastomosed, there were 10 survivals (62.5%), and in 15 digits with anastomosis of two arteries, the success rate was 86.66% (P = 0.1244). The success rate in those cases in which vascular grafts were employed was 62.96% (P = 0.4161). In replantations with one, two or three veins anastomosed, the survival rate was 50%, 79.16% and 100%, respectively (P = 0.1324). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vascularized fibular graft for management of severe osteomyelitis of the upper extremity
Authors: Mattar Rames , Azze Ronaldo J. , Ferreira Marcus Castro , Starck Regina , Canedo Antonio Carlos 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe authors analyzed 14 patients with severe osteomyelitis of the upper extremity between 1985 and 1992, managed with the vascularized fibular graft. Eleven radii, two humeri and one ulna were reconstructed. Bone loss after resection ranged from 6 to 12 cm (mean 8.14 cm). Follow‐up ranged from 8 months to 7 years and 10 months (mean 3 years and 3 months). The therapeutic applications of the vascularized fibular graft in severe bone infections of the upper extremity were discussed and the good results of this surgical procedure established it as a good option for treatment. Morbidity at the donor site was minimal. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CO2 Laser nerve welding: Optimal laser parameters and the use of solders in vitro
Authors: Menovsky Thomas , Beek Johan F. , van Gemert Martin J. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo improve the welding strength, an in vitro study was performed to investigate the bonding strength of CO2 laser nerve welding (LNW), with and without the use of human albumin solution, dried albumin solution, egg white, fibrinogen solution, fibrin glue, and red blood cells as a solder. Fifteen different combinations of laser power (50, 100, and 150 mW) and pulse duration (0.1 to 3 s) were used with a spot size of 320 μm. The results have been compared to suture, fibrin glue, and laser‐assisted nerve repair (LANR). The strongest welds (associated with whitening and caramelization of tissue) were produced at 100 mW with pulses of 1.0 s and at 50 mW with pulses of 3 s. The use of a dried albumin solution as a solder at 100 mW with pulses of 1 s increased the bonding strength 9‐fold as compared to LNW (bonding strength 21.0 ± 8.6 g and 2.4 ± 0.9 g, respectively). However, positioning the nerves between cottons soaked in saline for 20 minutes resulted in a decrease of the bonding strength (9.8 ± 4.5 g). The use of a 20% albumin solution and egg white, both at 50 mW with pulses of 3 s, resulted in a bonding strength of, respectively, 5.7 ± 2.1 g and 7.7 ± 2.4 g. Other solders did not increase the bonding strength in comparison to LNW. The substantial increase in bonding strength for some solders suggests that it is worthwhile to investigate the dehiscence rate and nerve regeneration of solder enhanced LNW in an in vivo study. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental study of cryopreserved allogeneic transfer of vessel: Preliminary report
Authors: Takeishi Meisei , Hirase Yuichi , Kojima Tadao 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIt has long been known that the antigenicity of tissues is depressed when they are kept at a very low temperature. In this study, Lewis rats and Brown Norway (B.N.) rats were used because these species are significantly dissimilar at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Femoral arteries were harvested from Lewis rats, frozen while lowering the temperature in a stepwise fashion to −70°C. After three weeks of cryogenic storage, the arteries were transplanted into Lewis and B.N. rats. At various times from the first to the twelfth week after surgery, grafted vessels were observed, and pathological and electron microscopic studies were carried out. The vessels were found to be in good condition at the end of the 12 week observation period. These results strongly suggest that prolonged cryopreservation of vessels makes allotransplantation without immunosuppression possible. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New and reproducible technique for experimentally induced middle cerebral artery stenosis
Authors: Derugin Nikita , Roberts Timothy 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA reproducible technique has been developed to create reversible middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis in the cat. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, the right eye was enucleated, MCA dissected and a suture looped around the vessel. A short segment of thicker suture was set horizontally on the MCA. The looped suture was then tied and the segment suture removed, resulting in partial stenosis. The knot could be easily removed, restoring blood flow.Perfusion and diffusion‐sensitive magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained over the next 6 hours to document cerebral blood flow abnormalities and developing ischemic changes, respectively. Laser‐Doppler was performed to further document reduced flow through the ipsilateral hemisphere following MCA stenosis. Histopathologic sections were assessed for ischemic damage.Our results show this to be a reliable model of MCA stenosis and reperfusion, which is suitable for the evaluation of acute cerebral perfusion abnormalities resulting from arterial stenosis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of latissimus dorsi flap for reconstruction with prostheses after tumor resection
Authors: Ikeda Kazuo , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Shimozaki Emi , Tomita Katsuro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFive latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps (LD flap) were used for reconstruction with prostheses after resection of tumors between 1984 and 1991 in our hospital. Bony structures were reconstructed with prostheses and in three cases autoclaved autobone grafts were also needed. The prostheses and adjacent grafts were then wrapped by the LD flaps. Tumor sites included one humerus, two thighs, and two knees. All but one case healed primarily. The sole case of infection was successfully treated with debridement and irrigation. Due to the LD flaps' plentiful blood supply, we believe infection of the prosthetics can be avoided and good clinical results can be achieved using the flap with autoclaved autograft prosthetic composite reconstruction. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental study of the osteogenic capacity of periosteal allografts: A preliminary report
Authors: Liu Jian Yin , Wang Dan , Cheng Hsu Hsi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA total of 16 rabbits were used in this investigation. Beijing long‐eared white rabbits served as donors and immunologically incompatible Chinchilla rabbits as recipients. Periosteal flaps were stripped from the femurs of 8 donor rabbits and implanted into the muscles of both thighs of 8 recipients. Revascularization of the grafts was done only on the left side. Immunosuppressants were administered orally beginning the day of surgery. The animals were observed for 1–4 months. A series of radiography, histomorphology, fluochrome labelling, and electron microscopic examinations were performed. The results demonstrated that all of the revascularized periosteal allografts had new bone formation (8/8), while the non‐revascularized periosteal allografts had none (0/8). The difference in the rate of new bone formation between the two groups was statistically significant. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arteriovenous shunt as a method of restoring venous drainage in rabbit ear replantation
Authors: Lin Hua , Posner Martin A. , Yue Tong , Liu De‐Cheng 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn arteriovenous (AV) shunt as a method of restoring venous drainage during replantation was examined by use of the rabbit ear model. The results were compared to ears replanted using one vein (1:1) or two veins (2:1) for venous drainage. The success rate for AV shunt replantations was found similar to that of replantations with a 1:1 ratio, but lower than that of ears with a 2:1 ratio. Postoperatively, ears replanted using an AV shunt or a 1:1 ratio revealed more swelling and lower tissue oxygenation than ears with a 2:1 ratio. After 10–14 days, all ears that survived were similar in appearance, regardless of method of replantation. Microscopic venules crossing the replanted interface appeared at seven days following surgery in all groups. The authors conclude that the AV shunt method offers an alternative to venous anastomosis when vein‐to‐vein reconstruction cannot be established. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Invaginated vein graft as nerve conduit: An experimental study
Authors: Benito‐Ruiz Jesus , Navarro‐Monzonis Angel , Piqueras Adelina , Baena‐Montilla Pablo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVein grafts have been used for nerve repair in experimental and clinical studies. However, some concerns about their collapsability and the presence of valves which could block axonal growth have been put forth. We propose a modification to eliminate these potential problems by turning the vein inside out, obtaining an “invaginated” vein graft.We performed an experimental study on 61 adult Wistar rats, divided into 3 groups: control (non‐operated) (n = 11); immediate repair, with 3 subgroups: invaginated vein graft (n = 10), vein graft (n = 10), and nerve graft (n = 10); and delayed repair, with 2 subgroups: invaginated vein graft (n = 10) and nerve graft (n = 10). Delayed repair was performed 3 to 4 weeks following division of the nerve. Electromyographical (EMG) assessment was performed in all operated animals at 2, 4, and 6 months after immediate reconstruction, and at 1 and 4 months after delayed repair. At the end of the study, all nerves were excised and a morphometric analysis was performed. We conclude that vein grafts are as useful as nerve grafts in immediate and delayed nerve repair, as there were no significant functional or histologic differences. We found no significant differences between invaginated vein grafts and non‐invaginated vein grafts. However, electrophysiological results were slightly superior in the former. Regenerated axons were small, grouped in minifascicles with thin myelin sheaths. The venous adventitia did not interfere with axonal growth. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrophysiological evaluation of the effects of naftidrofuryl on skeletal muscle reinnervation in the rat
Authors: Pécot‐Dechavassine Monique , Mira Jean‐Claude 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects of naftidrofuryl on the reinnervation of the rat gastrocnemius muscle after its denervation by localized freezing of the sciatic nerve were tested with electrophysiological techniques. Daily intraperitoneal injections of 30mg/kg of naftidrofuryl do not increase the rate of axonal regeneration since early signs of reinnervation appeared as in controls around the 10th day after surgery. However, axonal sprouting is markedly increased since the percentage of muscle fibers with polyneuronal innervations was almost twice as high as in controls at the 15 and 21 day postoperative stages. The promoting effects of naftidrofuryl on polyneuronal innervation which gives rise to a redundant innervation during the first period of reinnervation constitutes an improvement of motor function which might be efficient for treatment of nerve injury and neuropathies. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative study of intraarterial and intravenous anticoagulants in microvascular anastomoses
Authors: Rooks Michael D. , Rodriguez Jorge , Blechner Mark , Zusmanis Kathy , Hutton William 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUsing a rat femoral artery crush‐avulsion model previously described by the authors (Rooks et al.: Microsurgery 14:130–134, 1993), we analyzed the relative efficacy of intraarterially delivered anticoagulants against similar systemically administered intravenous anticoagulants with double blinded experimentation. The model uses a standardized crush of approximately 0.3 J and a standardized avulsion. This is followed by vascular stasis for 90 seconds after vessel repair. All rats were limited to 175 to 225 gm in weight to control vessel size. Urokinase, heparin sodium, and dextran (40,000 Dalton) were evaluated in this study. A statistically significant (p‐value = 0.02) increase in urokinase efficacy was found with intraarterial delivery. (Patency rate increased from 40% to 100%.) No advantage to intraarterial delivery was evident with either dextran or heparin. There was a dose related improvement in patency with heparin that was unaffected by delivery route. (Patency increased from 30% to 80% with a statistical p‐value of 0.018.) © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Healing of a severe microarterial trauma: An experimental study
Authors: Zhang Baimeng , Wieslander Jan B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA severe microarterial trauma (arteriotomy/intimectomy) was introduced to the central arteries of rabbit ears. Twenty‐one patent vessels, 3 at each interval of 2 hours, 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, and 90 days after reperfusion were taken for light and scanning electron microscopy studies. These vessels remained patent at all time intervals. A physiological “in vivo” perfusion technique with fixation fluid of normal temperature (37°C), pressure (120 mm Hg) and osmolarity (300 mOsm) was used to ensure fixed relaxed vessels. The endothelial, internal elastic, and part of the medial layers of vessel walls were removed following intimectomy. The inner surface of the intimectomy region was irregular and partly covered with thrombotic materials between 2 hours and 3 days postreperfusion. Endothelialization of the traumatized region was first observed at 3 days and was completed between 7 and 14 days. Intimal hyperplasia developed during this period and had not diminished in thickness by 30 or 90 days. The trauma and healing process of the arteriotomy/intimectomy are similar to the healing of vascular anastomoses and virtually identical to the clinical trauma of vessel avulsion, but neointima formation is more pronounced and engages vessel walls far outside the intimectomy site. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reconstruction of radial half hand by using combined transplantation of pedicled phalanx, free toe, and island flap
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Wang Van , You Ruoxu , Luo Linjie 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCombined transplantation of (1) a residual proximal phalanx flap of the thumb with a fascial pedicle, (2) a reversed island flap based on the posterior interosseous artery, and (3) a free second toe was successfully used to reconstruct the radial half of the hand in a patient who had experienced loss of the second metacarpal bone and index finger, a defect to the shaft of the third metacarpal bone, and dry gangrene of the thumb, two‐thirds of the radial dorsal skin and the first web space of the left hand. The reconstructive result was satisfactory and took advantage of each tissue flap. The operation was relatively simple and was completed in one stage. We believe the procedure provided good recovery of function and appearance at an appropriate cost. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Island skin flap with neurovascular pedicle from the dorsum of the index finger for reconstruction of the thumb
Authors: Shi Shao‐Min , Lu Yu‐Pu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the successful reconstruction of badly injured thumbs in nineteen patients with transposition of a neurovascular pedicle island flap from the dorsum of the index finger. The flap has a consistent arterial supply (the first metacarpal artery), good sized veins, and terminal branches of the superficial radial nerve. Five patients had either palmar, dorsal, or circumferential loss of soft tissue from the thumb. Twelve patients had acute traumatic amputations requiring distal thumb reconstruction, and two patients had distal amputations with late reconstruction. In both immediate and late reconstruction, we maintained length and skin coverage with good circulation and sensation. This one‐stage operation requires less postoperative care than many other procedures currently in use and may be employed in a wider variety of cases. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of a vena comitans as a vein graft in digital replantation
Authors: Qattan Mohammed M. Al , Boyd J. Brian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe use of a vena comitans as a vein graft is demonstrated in a case of successful thumb replantation in which the ulnar artery was already exposed in the distal forearm for associated injuries. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fifty consecutive free flaps in a new microsurgical unit
Authors: Waris T. H. , Kaarela O. I. , Teerikangas H. E. , Raatikainen T. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFifty free flap operations in 49 patients were performed in Oulu University Central Hospital during a three year period. The patients' ages ranged from 15 to 83 years; mean 41 years. The indication for the operation was malignant tumor in 19 cases, benign tumor in one case, trauma in 28 cases and congenital anomaly in 2 cases. The radial forearm flap was used in 36 cases; latissimus dorsi in 7 cases; lateral arm, rectus abdominis, and fibula in two cases; and second toe in one case. Forty‐nine of the fifty flaps were successful (98%); two venous thromboses were successfully revised. Starting microsurgery in a new unit is demanding but also rewarding due to the good results. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Digital amputations and their reconstruction: Reconstructive surgery of the fingers
Authors: Julvea J. Gustavo Garcia 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReconstructive surgery of the fingers has been greatly modified and improved by the introduction of microsurgery. Fifty‐three cases, in the past five years, of hand mutilation due to an amputation and the reconstructive techniques used have been reviewed. In the majority of the secondary reconstructions, three fundamental methods have been combined: (1) medialisation of the digits, (2) prolongation of the digits from “nearby” transpositions (remainders of proximal fingers), and (3) transfers from foot to hand. Beginning with this analysis, a classification of the procedures according to the defect to be reconstructed can be developed. Finally, the results in relation to the procedures applied have been analysed and technical observations that derive from these are pointed out, both for the donor foot as well as for the reconstructed hand.
Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor and α‐melanocytic stimulating hormone on nerve regeneration through a collagen channel
Authors: Laquerriere Annie , Peulve Pascal , Jin Olivier , Tiollier Jérôme , Tardy Michel , Vaudry Hubert , Hemet Jacques , Tadie Marc 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn experimental study on the rat sciatic nerve was performed to evaluate nerve regeneration through a collagen guide and to study the effects of α‐melanocytic stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) and basic fibroblast growth factor (b‐FGF) in accel erating axonal elongation. After transection, nerves were repaired over a 7 mm gap using a placental collagen type IV guide. The channel was filled with either a b‐FGF solution or an α‐MSH solution or was produced with b‐FGF incorporated into the guide. Four weeks later, only groups in which b‐FGF had been injected or incorporated displayed a significant somatosensory evoked potential response. Histological and quantitative analysis of nerve fibres confirmed the existence of nerve continuity in groups receiving an α‐MSH solution or a channel containing b‐FGF. These results demonstrate that α‐MSH in solution and b‐FGF incorporated into a collagen type IV channel enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. However, at 4 weeks, only b‐FGF (3 ng) restores functional activity.
Technique for experimental surgery: Simple cautery for experimental microvascular surgery
Authors: Gahankari Diupkuma Rramesh 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA simple and safe method of themocoagulation of small vessels, particularly useful in an experimental microsurgical laboratory, is described. This thermocautery can be readily prepared, and the vessels can be cauterized as close as 0.5 mm from the origin.