bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modular Approach to Tridentate N,O,N′ Ligands Using Pyrazolylborate Chemistry
Authors: Bieller Susanne , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Wagner Matthias 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTwo anionic tridentate N,O,N′ chelators, [pz(Ph)B(μ‐pz)(μ‐O)B(Ph)pz]− (3−) and [pzPh(Ph)B(μ‐pz)(μ‐O)B(Ph)pzPh]− (4−), as well as the corresponding complexes [Fe(3)(py)Cl], [Fe(3)Cl2] and [Cu(3)Cl], have been synthesised and structurally characterised by X‐ray crystallography (pz: pyrazolyl, pzPh: 3‐phenylpyrazolyl, py: pyridine). Since our synthesis approach takes advantage of the highly modular pyrazolylborate chemistry, inexpensive and relatively resistant N,O,N′ ligands of varying steric demand are readily accessible. The complexes [Fe(3)(py)Cl] and [Fe(3)Cl2] possess a distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal configuration with the pyrazolyl rings occupying equatorial positions and the oxygen donor being located at an apical position. The complex [Cu(3)Cl] crystallises as chloro‐bridged dimers featuring CuII ions with ligand environments that are intermediate between a square‐planar and a trigonal‐bipyramidal geometry.
Control of optically active structure of thioether‐phthalocyanine aggregates by chiral Pd(II)‐BINAP complexes in toluene and at the toluene/water interface
Authors: Adachi Kenta , Chayama Kenji , Watarai Hitoshi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe Pd(II)‐2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (BINAP)‐mediated chiral assembly of thioether‐derivatised phthalocyanatomagnesium(II) compounds (MgPc(SR)8, SR is benzylthio (SBz) or benzhydrylthio (Bh)) was formed in toluene and at the toluene/water interface, and investigated by means of UV‐Vis absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy combined with the centrifugal liquid‐membrane (CLM) devise. Interfacial tension measurements indicated that, in the presence of PdSO4 in the aqueous phase, BINAP ligand adsorbed as a monolayer forming Pd(II)BINAP2+ complex at the toluene/water interface. UV‐Vis absorption spectrum of MgPc(SR)8 in the Q‐band region was blue‐shifted in toluene upon addition of [Pd(II)BINAP]Cl2, but red‐shifted at the toluene/water interface when Pd(II)BINAP2+ was formed at the interface. These results suggested that MgPc(SR)8‐Pd(II)BINAP complex formed H‐aggregate (face‐to‐face type) in toluene solution and J‐aggregate (end‐to‐end type) at the toluene/water interface, respectively. Moreover, the specific bisignate CD spectral pattern in both systems indicated that the aggregates of MgPc(SR)8‐Pd(II)BINAP complexes were chirally twisted, well controlled by the chirality of BINAP ligand. Very interestingly, the morphology of MgPc(SBz)8‐Pd(II)BINAP and MgPc(SBh)8‐Pd(II)BINAP aggregates formed at the toluene/water interface were significantly different as the rodlike and the ribbonlike crystalline structure, respectively, as observed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the basis of these experimental results, we proposed schematic molecular models of the chiral aggregates of MgPc(SR)8‐Pd(II)BINAP complexes and demonstrated the specific role of the toluene/water interface. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elucidation of the absolute configuration of JNJ‐27553292, a CCR2 receptor antagonist, by vibrational circular dichroism analysis of two precursors
Authors: Kuppens Tom , Herrebout Wouter , Van Der Veken Benjamin , Corens David , De Groot Alex , Doyon Julien , Van Lommen Guy , Bultinck Patrick 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe absolute configurations of two precursors, that is, 1‐(3′,4′‐dichlorophenyl)‐propanol and 1‐(3′,4′‐dichlorophenyl)‐propanamine, of a potent 2‐mercapto‐imidazoleCCR‐2 receptor antagonist, JNJ‐27553292, were determined using vibrational circular dichroism. As a consequence, the absolute configuration of the antagonist itself was also determined. The two precursor compounds were subjected to a thorough conformational analysis and rotational strengths were calculated at the B3LYP/cc‐pVTZ level of theory. Based on these data, vibrational circular dichroism spectra were simulated, which in turn were compared with experimental spectra. Agreement between the spectra allowed the assignment of the absolute configuration, which is in agreement with the proposed configuration based on stereospecific reactions on similar compounds. Chirality 18:609–620, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trans‐cultural comparison of disordered eating in Korean women
Authors: Jackson Safia C. , Keel Pamela K. , Ho Lee Young 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjective:The presence of eating disorders in non‐Western cultures is often attributed to the export of Western ideals. This study examines this hypothesis by comparing disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in Korean women with differing levels of exposure to Western culture.Method:Second‐generation Korean‐Americans (n = 167) and Korean immigrants (n = 37) completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT‐26), and data from native Koreans (n = 937) were obtained from a previous epidemiological study, using a Korean‐translated version of the EAT‐26 (K‐EAT‐26). Korean‐American and immigrant women completed the Suinn‐Lew Asian Self‐Identity Acculturation Scale (SL‐ASIA).Results:Korean‐American women scored significantly lower on the EAT‐26 than Korean immigrants and native Koreans, who did not differ from each other. Korean‐Americans were more Western‐oriented than Korean immigrants, and acculturation levels were not correlated with EAT‐26 scores in either group.Conclusion:This study supports the importance of native cultural factors in the development of eating disorders in non‐Western contexts. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Eating disorder symptomatology among ballet dancers
Authors: Ringham Rebecca , Klump Kelly , Kaye Walter , Stone David , Libman Steven , Stowe Susan , Marcus Marsha 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjective:The current study sought to compare eating disorder symptomatology among ballet dancers and individuals with restricting anorexia nervosa (RAN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and no eating pathology.Method:Twenty‐nine female ballet dancers completed assessments and were compared with an archival dataset of 26 women with RAN, 47 women with BN, and 44 women with no eating pathology. Eating disorder diagnoses and behaviors were assessed with a semi‐structured clinical interview, the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), and a weight history interview.Results:Eighty‐three percent of dancers met lifetime criteria for AN (6.9%), BN (10.3%), AN+BN (10.3%), or EDNOS (55.0%). Moreover, dancers looked more similar to eating‐disordered individuals than to control individuals on measures of eating pathology.Conclusion:Despite previous emphasis on the pathology AN, the current findings suggest that dancers frequently engage in binge eating and purging behaviors. Moreover, it appears that their pathology is as severe as that of non‐dancing women with eating disorders. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Strategic memory in adults with anorexia nervosa: Are there similarities to obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders?
Authors: Sherman Bonnie J. , Savage Cary R. , Eddy Kamryn T. , Blais Mark A. , Deckersbach Thilo , Jackson Safia C. , Franko Debra L. , Rauch Scott L. , Herzog David B. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjective:There is growing interest in the relationship between anorexia nervosa (AN) and obsessive‐compulsive (OC) spectrum disorders (e.g., OCD, body dysmorphic disorder [BDD]). Previous neuropsychological investigations of OC spectrum disorders have identified problems with the efficient use of strategy on complex measures of learning and memory. This study evaluated nonverbal strategic memory in AN outpatients using an approach previously applied to OC spectrum disorders.Method:Eighteen patients with AN and 19 healthy control participants completed the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT), a widely used measure of nonverbal strategic planning, learning, and memory.Results:Individuals with AN differed significantly from healthy controls in the organizational strategies used to copy the RCFT figure, and they recalled significantly less information on both immediate and delayed testing. Multiple regression analyses indicated that group differences in learning were mediated by copy organizational strategies.Conclusion:These results are identical to study findings in OCD and BDD, indicating important shared neuropsychological features among AN and these OC spectrum disorders. As in OCD and BDD, the essential cognitive deficit in AN was impaired use of organizational strategies, which may inform our understanding of the pathophysiology of AN and potentially offer treatment implications. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
DSM‐IV threshold versus subthreshold bulimia nervosa
Authors: le Grange Daniel , Binford Roslyn B. , Peterson Carol B. , Crow Scott J. , Crosby Ross D. , Klein Marjorie H. , Bardone‐Cone Anna M. , Joiner Thomas E. , Mitchell James E. , Wonderlich Stephen A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjective:The purpose of the present work is to determine whether bulimia nervosa (BN) and eating disorder not otherwise specified, BN type (EDNOS‐BN) were qualitatively distinct in terms of eating and general psychopathology.Method:This study presents a comparison of 138 women with BN and 57 with EDNOS‐BN from a multisite study on eating‐related and general psychopathology measures.Results:Although women with BN reported higher lifetime history rates of anorexia nervosa, greater binge eating and vomiting frequency, and more eating concerns, no significant differences were observed between groups on measures of perfectionism, impulsivity, obsessive‐compulsiveness, anxiety, depressive symptomatology, or alcohol/substance problems. Based on the partial η2 values, the distinction between BN and EDNOS‐BN accounted for < 5% of the criterion variance in general psychopathology measures. Post hoc analyses comparing EDNOS‐BN with objective bulimic episodes (OBEs; n = 34) versus no OBEs (n = 23) found greater EDEQ‐4 Restraint subscale scores for EDNOS‐BN without OBEs. However, there was no significant difference on the EDEQ‐4 Eating Concern subscale between the two EDNOS‐BN subgroups.Conclusion:The findings highlight the clinical significance of BN partial syndrome and prompt reevaluation of existing BN diagnostic boundaries. Post hoc analyses also underscore the need for greater differentiation within EDNOS. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Feature extraction of one‐step‐ahead daily maximum load with regression tree
Authors: Mori Hiroyuki , Sakatani Yoshinori , Fujino Tatsurou , Numa Kazuyuki 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn this paper, a new efficient feature extraction method is proposed to handle the one‐step‐ahead daily maximum load forecasting. In recent years, power systems become more complicated under the deregulated and competitive environment. As a result, it is not easy to understand the cause and effect of short‐term load forecasting with a bunch of data. This paper analyzes load data from the standpoint of data mining. By it we mean a technique that finds out rules or knowledge through large database. As a data mining method for load forecasting, this paper focuses on the regression tree that handles continuous variables and expresses a knowledge rule as if‐then rules. Investigating the variable importance of the regression tree gives information on the transition of the load forecasting models. This paper proposes a feature extraction method for examining the variable importance. The proposed method allows to classify the transition of the variable importance through actual data. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(2): 43–51, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20104
Study on stochastic optimal electric power procurement strategies with uncertain market prices
Authors: Siripatanakulkhajorn Sakchai , Saisho Yuichi , Fujii Yasumasa , Yamaji Kenji 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe player in deregulated electricity markets can be categorized into three groups of GENCO (Generator Companies), TRANSCO (Transmission Companies), and DISCO (Distribution Companies). This research focuses on the role of Distribution Companies, which purchase electricity from the market at randomly fluctuating prices, and provide it to their customers at given fixed prices. Therefore, Distribution Companies have to take the risk stemming from price fluctuation of electricity instead of the customers. This entails the necessity of developing a certain method to make an optimal strategy for electricity procurement. In such a circumstance, this research has the purpose of proposing a mathematical model based on stochastic dynamic programming to evaluate the value of a long‐term bilateral contract for electricity trade, and also a project of combination of the bilateral contract and power generation with their own generators for procuring electric power in a deregulated market. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(2): 32–42, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20105
Fundamental study on variable load operation of planar solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Inui Yoshitaka , Ito Nobuyuki , Nakajima Takeharu , Urata Atsushi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has a problem in durability of the ceramics used as its cell materials, because its operating temperature is very high and cell temperature fluctuation induces thermal stress to the ceramics. The cell temperature distribution in the SOFC, therefore, should be kept as constant as possible during the variable load operation through the control of the average current density in the cell. Considering this fact, the authors investigate the relation between the average current density and the temperature distribution in the co‐flow‐ and counter‐flow‐type planar SOFC single cells by numerical simulations. In the calculations, the fuel utilization is kept constant and the air utilization is selected as the controllable variable. It is made clear that the change of the temperature distribution can be suppressed to a sufficiently low level and the variable load operation can be realized for both types of cells by properly regulating the air utilization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(2): 15–24, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20347
Unusual Fluoroalkenylation of Porphyrins: A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 10,20‐Diaryl‐5‐[(E)‐fluoroalkenyl]‐15‐(fluoroalkyl)porphyrins
Authors: Jin Li‐Mei , Yin Juan‐Juan , Chen Liang , Xiao Ji‐Chang , Guo Can‐Cheng , Chen Qing‐Yun 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA series of 10,20‐diaryl‐5‐[(E)‐fluoroalkenyl]‐15‐(fluoroalkyl)porphyrins has been synthesized by the reaction of free‐base 5,15‐diarylporphyrins with fluoroalkyl iodides in the presence of Na2S2O4. Subsequent intramolecular cyclization of the corresponding (fluoroalkenyl)porphyrins occurs smoothly in refluxing toluene/H2O. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Reactance and the dynamics of disagreement: multiple paths from threatened freedom to resistance to persuasion
Authors: Silvia Paul J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMany experiments show that threats to attitudinal freedom create reactance, but the underlying dynamics of reactance‐based disagreement have not received much attention. The present experiments identified two paths from threats to disagreement. In one path, threats to attitudinal freedom directly motivate disagreement; in the other, negative cognitive responses mediate the threat's effect on disagreement. Two experiments demonstrated the causes and consequences of each path from threat to persuasion. When a communicator threatened freedom at the beginning of the message, unfavorable cognitive responses (counterarguing, negative perceptions of the source's credibility) fully mediated the effect of threat on disagreement. When the threat appeared at the end of the message however, threat had a direct, unmediated effect on disagreement (Experiment 1). The two paths had different consequences for sleeper effects: disagreement rooted in negative cognitive responses persisted, whereas disagreement directly motivated by the threat declined when the threat was removed (Experiment 2). Implications for reactance and for threat‐based sleeper effects are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum iohexol analysis by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography
Authors: Shihabi Zak K. , Hinsdale Mark E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA simple and rapid (∼4 min) method for the measurement of iohexol in serum for assessing the glomerular filtration rate is described. It is based on direct serum injection on the capillary by MEKC. The method is linear between 8 and 260 mg/L, with an RSD of peak height of 2.9%. Several simple steps have contributed to an improved daily precision, such as choosing a high pH buffer, increasing the SDS concentration, frequent standardization, and eliminating any sample pretreatment.
A novel Bicine running buffer system for doubled sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of membrane proteins
Authors: Williams Taufika Islam , Combs Jennifer C. , Thakur Anup P. , Strobel Herbert J. , Lynn Bert C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA novel, Bicine‐based SDS‐PAGE buffer system was developed for the analysis of membrane proteins. The method involves molecular weight‐based separations of fully denatured and solubilized proteins in two dimensions. This doubled SDS‐PAGE (dSDS‐PAGE) approach produced a diagonal arrangement of protein spots and successfully circumvented problems associated with membrane proteome analysis involving traditional gel‐based methods. Membrane proteins from the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum were used for these investigations. Tricine‐dSDS‐PAGE and the newly developed Bicine‐dSDS‐PAGE were compared with the standard glycine‐dSDS‐PAGE (Laemmli protocol) in their suitability to separate C. thermocellum membrane proteins. Large‐format gel experiments using optimized gel preparation and running buffer conditions revealed a 112% increase in protein spot count for Tricine‐dSDS‐PAGE and a 151% increase for Bicine‐dSDS‐PAGE, compared to glycine‐dSDS‐PAGE. The data clearly indicated that Bicine‐dSDS‐PAGE is a superior method for the analysis of membrane proteins, providing enhanced resolution and protein representation.
Capillary electrochromatography with zwitterionic stationary phase on the lysine‐bonded poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic capillary column
Authors: Dong Xiaoli , Dong Jing , Ou Junjie , Zhu Yan , Zou Hanfa 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA polymer‐based neutral monolithic capillary column was prepared by radical polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate in a 100 μm id fused‐silica capillary, and the prepared monolithic column was subsequently modified based on a ring opening reaction of epoxide groups with 1 M lysine in solution (pH 8.0) at 75°C for 10 h to produce a lysine chemically bonded stationary phases in capillary column. The ring opening reaction conditions were optimized so that the column could generate substantial EOF. Due to the zwitterionic functional groups of the lysine covalently bonded on the polymer monolithic rod, the prepared column can generate cathodic and anodic EOF by varying the pH values of running buffer during CEC separation. EOF reached the maximum of —2.0×10−8 m2v−1s−1 and 2.6×10−8 m2v−1s−1 with pH of the running buffer of 2.25 and 10, respectively. As a consequence, neutral compounds, ionic solutes such as phenols, aromatic acids, anilines, and basic pharmaceuticals were all successfully separated on the column by CEC. Hydrophobic interaction is responsible for separation of neutral analytes. In addition, the electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction and the electrophoretic migration play a significant role in separation of the ionic or ionizable analytes.
Early activation, motility, and homing of neonatal microglia to injured neurons does not require protein synthesis
Authors: Kurpius Dana , Wilson Nicholas , Fuller Leah , Hoffman Amara , Dailey Michael E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractNeuronal injury in CNS tissues induces a rapid activation and mobilization of resident microglia (MG). It is widely assumed that changes in gene expression drive the morphological transformation of MG and regulate their mobilization during activation. Here, we used acutely excised neonatal rat brain slices to test whether the morphological transformation and homing of MG to injured neurons requires gene expression and de novo protein synthesis. Traumatic injury during excision of live brain tissue slices induces a rapid and transient translocation of a transcription factor, NF‐κB, to nuclei in MG. This is followed within 4–8 h by an increase in immunolabeling for cell adhesion molecules and lysosomal proteins, accompanied by changes in cell morphology. Application of anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor, prevents the increase in immunolabeling for markers of MG activation but not the morphological transformation. Confocal time‐lapse imaging in live tissue slices indicates that MG cell motility (branch extension and retraction) and locomotion are unaffected by anisomycin at early postinjury time‐points (<4 h), while at later time‐points (4–8 h postinjury) MG locomotion but not motility is inhibited. Thus, activated MG rapidly localize to injured pyramidal neuron cell bodies by 4‐h postinjury, even in the presence of anisomycin. Moreover, this early MG activation and homing to injured neurons is unaffected in tissue slices from β2 integrin deficient mice. These results indicate that gene activation and new protein synthesis coincide with, but are not necessary for, the rapid morphological transformation and early migration‐dependent homing of activated MG to injured neurons in CNS tissues. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axonal degeneration stimulates the formation of NG2+ cells and oligodendrocytes in the mouse
Authors: Nielsen Helle H. , Ladeby Rune , Drøjdahl Nina , Peterson Alan C. , Finsen Bente 
Published: May 2006

AbstractProliferation of the adult NG2‐expressing oligodendrocyte precursor cells has traditionally been viewed as a remyelination response ensuing from destruction of myelin and oligodendrocytes, and not to the axonal pathology that is also a characteristic of demyelinating disease. To better understand the response of the NG2+ cells to the different components of demyelinating pathology, we investigated the response of adult NG2+ cells to axonal degeneration in the absence of primary myelin or oligodendrocyte pathology. Axonal degeneration was induced in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult mice by transection of the entorhino‐dentate perforant path projection. The acutely induced degeneration of axons and terminals resulted in a prompt response of NG2+ cells, consisting of morphological transformation, cellular proliferation, and upregulation of NG2 expression days 2–3 after surgery. This was followed by a reduction of cellular NG2 expression to subnormal levels from day 5 to 7 and reappearance of normal appearing NG2+ cells from day 10. Mice that had received repeated injections of bromodeoxyuridine from 24 to 72 h after surgery contained significant numbers of bromodeoxyuridine‐incorporating oligodendrocytes in the areas with axonal degeneration at day 7. The results suggest that axonal degeneration induces a unique sequence of changes of NG2+ cells and that a subpopulation of the newly generated NG2+ cells differentiate into oligodendrocytes. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.