bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory extinction of stereotyped object‐dropping: Identification of a reinforcer for skill training
Authors: Dalrymple Andrew J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStereotyped motor behavior, resistant to treatment by nonaversive means, can be effectively reduced by sensory extinction. Sensory extinction is a procedure which can identify the powerful sensory reinforcers maintaining stereotyped behavior. In this single‐subject, multiple‐baseline experiment, the elimination of auditory feedback to a workshop trainee who was blind and profoundly retarded, extinguished stereotyped object‐dropping. Contingent auditory stimulation delivered for a fixed ratio of correct object placements increased correct responding. Results were discussed in terms of the utility of selecting reinforcers on the basis of empirical manipulations, such as sensory extinction, and in terms of self‐control versus contingency functions of sensory reinforcement.
A long‐term case study of analysis, response suppression, and treatment maintenance involving life‐threatening pica
Authors: Paisey Timothy J. H. , Whitney Robert B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBehavioral assessment and intervention strategies used to treat chronic, life‐threatening pica in an institutionalized, 16‐year‐old male with profoundly retarded collateral self‐injurious and aggressive conduct, are described and evaluated. Thirty‐minute observation sessions, conducted under baited contitions, revealed that bait saliency and the absence of caregiver supervision were discriminative for high rates of pica. Oral delivery of response‐contingent lemon juice suppressed pica to near zero rates, while a procedural package incorporating delivery of water mist contingent on response‐antecedant wandering contributed to further reductions in pica. Considerable suppression was maintained for approximately 18 months, with administration by paraprofessional staff. Data spanning nearly four years indicated that pica suppression was primarily a function of the introduction, maintenance, and withdrawal of aversive contingencies, rather than of concurrent schedules of positive reinforcement. Positive and negative side effects, and ethical questions associated with the use of aversive stimuli in treating life‐threatening behavior, are discussed.
Memory checklists: A method of teaching functional skills to brain‐damaged adults
Authors: Zencius Arnie H. , Wesolowski Michael D. , Burke William H. , McQuade Pat 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThree head‐injured clients had difficulty performing vocational tasks and routine activities of daily living. Memory checklists, which consisted of a task analysis for each activity, were introduced. All three clients were immediately able to perform the tasks.
Psychometric properties of attitudinal measures of behavioral treatment in geriatric settings
Authors: Lundervold Duane , Young Lee , Bourland Gordon , Jackson Thomas 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInternal consistency of two forms of the Geriatric Treatment Acceptability Survey (GTAS) and the Attitudes toward Behavior Analysis Scale (ABAS), a global measure of attitudes toward behavior modification, was evaluated. Alpha coefficients regarding treatment acceptability ratings for GTAS Form H were: (a) wandering 0.94; (b) hoarding 0.96; (c) disruptive behavior 0.92; (d) property destruction 0.95; and (e) aggression 0.94. Internal consistency for Form NH was: (a) wandering 0.96; (b) hoarding 0.97; (c) disruptive behavior 0.96; (d) property destruction 0.97; and (e) aggression 0.76. Internal consistency of the ABAS resulted in alpha coefficients of 0.90 (total score); 0.87 (ethics and humaneness); and 0.76 (use). These measures appear useful in assessing older adults, nursing home patients' and geriatric nursing staffs' global and specific attitudes regarding the use of behavioral treatments with older adults. Further research is needed to establish psychometric constructs assessed by the instruments and sensitivity to detecting change in attitudes based on educational or clinical interventions.
Program report: “time‐in”: A two‐year project for the reduction of severe maladaptive behaviors in a center for persons with developmental disabilities
Authors: Myers Alexander M. , Richards Terrance , Huff Jean 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe results of a two‐year project designed to organize a unit for 18 developmentally disabled clients with severe behavior disorders (primarily aggression) were presented. Providing tightly organized structure and focusing on appropriate resident behavior resulted in substantial gains. Noted changes included significant decreases in aggression, total number of target behaviors, required uses of restrictive procedures, and residents' injuries. Decreases were also noted in staff injuries and turnover. Subjectively, the unit became a better place to work and live. Difficulties encountered with developing, maintaining, and generalizing the project were discussed.
Reducing verbal aggression in adults with brain injury
Authors: Zencius Arnie H. , Wesolowski Michael D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study presents data on the reduction of verbal aggression of two clients with brain injury. In one client, the inappropriate verbal behavior was reduced by using behavioral contracts with the duration of up to 6 days. In the other client, restitution (apology), reinforcement, and response cost were used to reduce verbal aggression.
The use of publicly‐posted performance feedback in an inpatient psychiatric treatment setting
Authors: McMorrow Martin J. , Sheeley Richard , Levinson Marc , Maedke James , Treworgy Scott , Tripp Tom , Casey Mary , Hunter Richard 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study examined the effects of publicly‐posted performance feedback on the in‐hospital behavior of patients residing on a self‐management unit at a large, state operated, psychiatric treatment facility. When contrasted to a baseline phase in which staff received weekly information regarding patients' performance, scores in six of the eight assessment areas improved when this information was provided directly to patients. The authors' conclude that performance feedback may be a useful adjunct to inpatient treatment programs because it clarifies programmatic expectations, helps focus attention on developing strategies or interventions to meet those expectations, and encourages active treatment participation from patients and staff.
Making choice a routine part of mealtimes for persons with profound mental retardation
Authors: Reid Dennis H. , Parsons Marsha B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDespite increased recognition of the importance of providing routine choice opportunities for persons with severe handicaps, this population continues to experience a typical lack of such opportunities. We evaluated a program for increasing the amount of choices made during routine mealtimes by persons with profound mental retardation and minimal communication skills. The choice provision program, involving systematic presentation of alternative food and drink items in a step‐wise fashion during the course of the meal, was implemented with three persons in a residential facility. Results indicated that after implementation of the choice program, all three participants made consistently more choices concerning the foods and beverages they consumed relative to baseline. The choice provision program was conducted without extending the amount of time typically allotted to mealtime within the residential setting. Results are discussed in regard to additional research needed to continue developing means of assisting persons with profound mental retardation to exert control over meaningful events in their lives.
Treating preschool children with multiple behavior problems: Testing for the response covariation phenomenon
Authors: Houlihan Daniel , Sloane Howard N. , Jenson William R. , Levine Howard D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study was conducted with four subjects with multiple behavior problems (noncompliance, nonattending, and poor academic performance). The subjects ranged in age from 3‐years 1‐month to 5‐years 6‐months. Treatment occurred in a classroom setting using an interacting elements design counterbalanced across subjects. The results indicated the existence of behavioral covariations and treatment side‐effects. The implications of these findings for research on generalization effects and treatment approaches to children with multiple behavioral problems was discussed.
Effects of increased opportunities within scripted activities on communication rates of individuals with severe retardation
Authors: Sack Sara H. , McLean Lee S. , McLean James E. , Spradlin Joseph E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStaff members of a residential center for persons with mental retardation were taught to follow a scripted routine which provided specific opportunities for participants to communicate in a snack activity and then in an art activity. Five individuals with severe mental retardation participated in the study. Each of the five subjects increased his rate of communication acts within the scripted routine context. The percentage of spontaneous communication acts also increased once the routine was introduced. Finally, for two of the five subjects, there was an increase in the percentage of words or manual signs during the scripted routine phase.
New food sources of essential trace elements produced by biotechnology facilities
Authors: Mazo Vladimir K. , Gmoshinski Ivan V. , Zorin Sergey N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPopulation satiety with trace elements (TE) is a problem that is widely discussed in nutrition science. For optimal nutrition, the form of TE eaten in food is very important. Organic forms of TE in nutrition are appropriate as human metabolism has adapted to these kinds of nutrients during species evolution. This is now considered a reason for the beneficial use of biotechnologically produced TE sources in human food. Advanced matrixes for TE incorporation are unicellular organisms such as yeast, lactobacilli and Spirulina. Addition of inorganic salts at certain concentrations into cultivation media enables the mineral ions to incorporate into the microbial biomass. As a consequence, the biomass becomes enriched with organic forms of incorporated TE, which are presented by their complexes with amino acids, proteins and probably lipids and polysaccharides. In addition, a new direction of research has made good advances, in which technology has been developed for production of organic forms of TE through complex formation between transition metals (zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, iron) with amino acids and peptides formed during enzymatic hydrolysis of food protein. This brief review discusses the results demonstrating the advances in the biotechnological production of new TE sources, to obtain food components destined for wide prophylaxis of TE deficiency or for dietary treatment of the adverse consequences of these deficiencies.
Fasciola gigantica cathepsin L proteinase‐based synthetic peptide for immunodiagnosis and prevention of sheep fasciolosis
Authors: Jezek Jan , Ridi Rashika El , Salah Mohamed , Wagih Amal , Aziz Haidy W. , Tallima Hatem , El Shafie Mohamed H. , Khalek Tarek Abdel , Abo Ammou Faten F. , Strongylis Constantinos , Moussis Vassilios , Tsikaris Vassilios 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSheep fasciolosis is a devastating burden for the livestock industry. We herein report on immunodiagnosis of fasciolosis, and significant protection of sheep against challenge infection with Fasciola gigantica following immunization with a peptide based on the H‐Asp110‐Lys‐Ile‐Asp‐Trp‐Arg‐Glu‐Ser‐Gly‐Tyr‐Val‐Thr‐Glu‐Val123‐OH (Fas14p) sequence of F. gigantica cathepsin L‐cysteine proteinase. This sequence was synthesized in three different forms: as Nα acetylated (Ac‐Asp110‐Lys‐Ile‐Asp‐Trp‐Arg‐Glu‐Ser‐Gly‐Tyr‐Val‐Thr‐Glu‐Val123‐OH, FasAc14p), bearing at the amino‐terminus an Nα acetylated cystein (Ac‐Cys‐Asp110‐Lys‐Ile‐Asp‐Trp‐Arg‐Glu‐Ser‐Gly‐Tyr‐Val‐Thr‐Glu‐Val123‐OH, FasAcCys14p), and conjugated to sequential oligopeptide carrier Ac‐[Lys‐Aib‐Gly]4‐OH (Ac‐SOC4) through an amide bond formed between Val123 carboxylic group of the epitope and the lysine Nϵ groups of the carrier (Ac‐[Lys(Fas14p)‐Aib‐Gly]4‐OH). Ac‐[Lys(Fas14p)‐Aib‐Gly]4‐OH failed to readily discriminate between naïve and infected sheep. In contrast, the free peptides reproducibly differentiated between parasite‐free sheep, sheep infected with parasites other than Fasciola, and experimentally Fasciola‐infected sheep. The data together indicated that the peptides might be of considerable use for discriminating between early and late, and low and high burden, sheep infection with F. gigantica. FasAc14p was chosen to determine whether a peptide based on a critical enzymatic site of cathepsin L proteinase may induce protection against challenge infection. Sheep immunization with FasAc14p peptide induced significant expression of interleukin‐4 mRNA, and humoral antibodies that bound to molecule(s) on the intact surface membrane of newly excysted juvenile worms, and mediated their attrition. The immune responses were associated with significant (P < 0.02) decrease of 23.1% in worm recovery, but with no decrease in the size or maturation of worms recovered. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90:349–357, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Highly sensitive and quantitative analysis of polyeptides using a new gradient system based on an abrupt change in adsorption of polypeptide to the reversed‐phase column packing
Authors: Goda Ryoya , Sudo Kenichi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDuring a study of 100 µL aliquots of urocortin containing various acetonitrile contents, we hypothesized that a change in the acetonitrile content in the solution across a specific content of acetonitrile (critical threshold) causes an abrupt change in adsorption capacity to the column packing. Circular dichroism measurements suggest that the conformational change induced by acetonitrile in the solution causes the abrupt change in adsorption capacity, and this solvent‐induced conformational change is reversible across the critical threshold. This hypothesis can apply to various polypeptides with molecular weights range from 1007 to 6789 and to other organic solvents. A new gradient system utilizing the instant recovery of the adsorption capacity across the critical threshold was designed, and applied to the analysis of a 100 µL aliquot of various polypeptide solutions. The results suggest that use of a solution containing organic solvents more than the critical threshold allows successful dilution of polypeptides up to picomolar concentration range without any loss due to its adsorption during handling procedures and loading onto the LC system, and that a new gradient system enables quantitative analysis of polypeptides at picomolar concentrations in such solutions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPLC method for comparative study on tissue distribution in rat after oral administration of salvianolic acid B and phenolic acids from Salvia miltiorrhiza
Authors: Xu Man , Fu Gang , Qiao Xue , Wu Wan‐Ying , Guo Hui , Liu Ai‐Hua , Sun Jiang‐Hao , Guo De‐An 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA sensitive and selective high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated to determine the prototype of salvianolic acid B and the metabolites of phenolic acids (protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid and ferulic acid) in rat tissues after oral administration of total phenolic acids and salvianolic acid B extracted from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, respectively. The tissue samples were treated with a simple liquid–liquid extraction prior to HPLC. Analysis of the extract was performed on a reverse‐phase C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.05% trifluoracetic acid. The calibration curves for the four phenolic acids were linear in the given concentration ranges. The intra‐day and inter‐day relative standard deviations in the measurement of quality control samples were less than 10% and the accuracies were in the range of 88–115%. The average recoveries of all the tissues ranged from 78.0 to 111.8%. This method was successfully applied to evaluate the distribution of the four phenolic acids in rat tissues after oral administration of total phenolic acids of Salvia miltiorrhiza or salvianolic acid B and the possible metabolic pathway was illustrated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐cultural perspectives in child abuse and neglect
Authors: Agathonos‐Georgopoulou Helen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe rapid development of scientific knowledge pertaining to the identification, treatment and prevention of child abuse and neglect during the last 30 years has not been followed by a parallel consideration of the significance of the concept of culture. The gradual expansion of a ‘syndrome’, recognized by a medical doctor in the US, to a world phenomenon, regardless of ethnicity, colour, language or religion is calling for careful consideration of the significance of a cross‐cultural dimension. This involves issues of definition, research priorities and methodological questions that take into account both ethnic and cultural variations as well as a whole range of different child protection systems. Such an approach is ultimately based on the view that vulnerability depends to a large degree on the cultural context. International data suggest that child maltreatment is the product of a complex interaction of parental characteristics and the social and cultural conditions in which they exist. The value placed on children, on different categories of vulnerable children, on child‐rearing practices (including views on physical punishment and the informal social sanctions regarding children and family organization and functioning) are central to the study of the phenomenon within each specific culture. As child abuse and neglect awareness expands across geographical, ideological and cultural barriers, we need not only to promote cross‐cultural awareness but at the same time provide competence by incorporating the significance of a cultural dimension into research, theory and practice.
The connections between disability and child abuse: A review of the research evidence
Authors: Kelly Liz 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo possible connections between disability and abuse are explored: that disability can be the outcome of abuse, and that children with disabilities are differentially vulnerable to abuse. Evidence supporting both propositions is presented and assessed. Major problems in research and research methods are highlighted: the differing definitions of disability and abuse, the reliance on data drawn from clinical samples and case files, and failure to develop innovative methods which would enable direct participation of children and adults with a range of disabilities. The paper concludes that our current knowledge base is inadequate to either distinguish between the two connections or provide clear guidance on a range of concerns within the child protection field.
Not the only way to communicate: A challenge to voice in child protection work
Authors: Kennedy Margaret 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChildren with disabilities and communication differences have consistently been failed under child protection provisions in four vital areas. We have not studied communication in relation to safety programmes, assessment process, criminal proceedings and therapeutic services. Many disabilities have communication differences inherent in the disability. For these children communication may be in the form of sign and/or symbol in conjunction with some level of English speech or speech reading. Children with multiple disability or cerebral palsy may also use a variety of computer aided communication systems with keyboards and/or voice simulators. This paper provides an overview of various communication methods which workers need to be aware of when doing child protection work with children with disabilities.
Bridging the gap: Investigating the abuse of children with multiple disabilities
Authors: Marchant Ruth , Page Marcus 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis is a summary of a series of practical papers written to help bridge the ‘gap’ between the fields of child protection and childhood disability, with a view to improving practice in child protection work with severely disabled children. Particular attention is paid to the needs of children using alternative communication systems. The theme of the paper is that disabled children are in most senses just like other children, but may have particular needs in relation to the investigation of abuse, as well as being particularly vulnerable to abuse. Issues around the assessment of suspicion, preparation for interviewing and the interview process are presented. The needs of the child, the accompanying adult and the child protection worker are considered. Guidelines and recommendations for practice at different stages of the investigation are given. The need to adapt the investigation to the particular needs of the child is emphasized throughout.
Child abuse prevention: Blending research and practice
Authors: Wolfe David A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFor over two decades, child abuse interventions have been plagued by poor definitions of what (or who) exactly is being treated, what constitutes ‘success’, and how services can be delivered in such a way as to minimize the harm to the child and to his/her family. Most recently, intervention/prevention programmes reflect the growing recognition that child maltreatment is the product of the interaction between the parent's abilities and resources and the child's emerging behavioural and emotional characteristics (i.e. the parent–child relationship), and place less emphasis on individual psychopathology. Accordingly, ways to strengthen this relationship offer considerably more promise than those aimed at correcting only one component (i.e. the parent) or treating only the visible symptoms of conflict. In an attempt to focus greater effort on prevention and early intervention, this paper reviews prominent risk factors that have been linked to physical abuse and neglect of children and their consequences. Major intervention targets are identified from this literature and discussed in reference to: (a) problems related to the family context; (b) child treatment needs; and (c) parent/caregiver treatment needs. The paper concludes with a discussion of promising developments in early intervention that are beginning to address problems in the early formation of the parent–child relationship (i.e. the pre‐natal and infancy periods of development) and problems associated with parental competency and family support. Most notably, preventive efforts have been associated with more positive parenting knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviour, as well as fewer child injuries, emergency room visits, and reports to protective agencies among at‐risk parents and children. Further evaluation and expansion of these programmes appears to be warranted by these data.
Experiences of disclosure of childhood sexual abuse and psychopathology
Authors: Waller Glenn , Ruddock Angela 
Published: June 2007

AbstractReported child sexual abuse is associated with the development of anorexia and bulimia nervosa overall, but the mediating factors that determine whether such abuse is relevant in individual cases are not adequately understood. This study considers the importance of the experience of initial disclosure as a mediator in a case series of eating‐disordered women. The extent of psychopathology (particularly the frequency of vomiting and the presence of the symptoms of borderline personality disorder) was associated with the nature of the perceived response to an attempted disclosure. A perceived lack of response or a negative, hostile response was associated with specific patterns of symptomatology. Further research is suggested to extend these conclusions, and the clinical implications of these findings are discussed.