bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anfälligkeit verschiedener Schwarzkiefern‐Herkünfte bei Scleroderris lagerbergii‐Befall1
Authors: Von Siepmann R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSusceptibility of different provenances of Pinus nigra to Scleroderris lagerbergii Gr.6 years old trees, raised from seeds, from Austria (var. austriaca), France (var. corsiana), Greece, Italy (var. calabria), Jugoslavia, Turkey (var. pallasiana = var. caramanica) were in 3 successive years infected with conidia of Scleroderris lagerbergii. No clear differences could be found in the rate of dieback among the different sources.
Xanthomonas populi (Ridé) comb. nov. (syn. Aplanobacter populi Ridé), specificité, variabilité et absence de relations avec Erwinia cancerogena Ur.
Authors: Ridé M. , Ridé S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractXanthomonas populi (Ridé) comb. nov. (syn. Aplanobacter populi Ridé), specificity, variability and absence of relationship with Erwinia cancerogena Ur. Xanthomonas populi (Ridé) comb. nov. (syn. Aplanobacter populi Ridé) the cause of bacterial canker in poplar, was studied in detail. Morphological characters, a single poplar flagellum, yellow pigmentation, along with biochemical and serological properties demonstrate that Aplanobacter populi is a species of Xanthomonas Dowson.Its pathogenicity to Populus, thermosensitivity, low tolerance of NaCl and failure to use arabinose and cellobiose, separate this organism from other species in the Xanthomonas campestris group. Xanthomonas populi is a pathogenic entity which has no relation to Erwinia cancerogena Ur.
Xanthomonas populi subsp. salicis, cause of bacterial canker in Salix dasyclada
Authors: de Kam M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDetailed symptoms of a bacteriosis in Salix dasyclada Wimmer, caused by X. populi subsp. salicis De Kam are described. X. populi subsp. populi (Ridé) Ridé and Ridé, the cause of bacterial canker in poplar, and X. populi subsp. salicis, cause of canker in willow, can be distinguished by means of cultural and biochemical characters.
Research on Dothichiza‐bark necrosis (Cryptodiaporthe populea) in poplar
Authors: Gremmen J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractResearch on Dothichiza‐bark necrosis caused by the fungus Cryptodiaporthe populea (Succ.) Butin in the Netherlands is reviewed. Aspects of disease symptoms, the pathogen and infection, inoculation experiments and control measures are discussed.
“Top‐dying” of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., with special reference to Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii Bubák
Authors: Diamandis S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe optimum conditions for growth of Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii isolated from dead needles of Norway spruce trees affected by “top‐dying” were studied. The optimum temperature for diameter growth on malt extract, diamalt and potato dextrose agar was found to be 18°C and the fungus practically ceased growth at 24°C. Growth at 0°C was better than that at 24°C. Light had no effect on diameter growth on malt extract and diamalt agar. On malt extract agar, acidity ranging from 3.7–6.8 (after autoelaving) had no significant effect on diameter growth. Abundant pleurogenous blastospores were produced rapidly on malt extract and pycnidia as the culture aged. Pycnidia were the main sporulation type on diamalt agar.
The effect of the beech bark disease on the growth and survival of beech in northern hardwoods
Authors: Mize C. W. , Lea R. V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA risk classification for beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) based on tree characteristics before the onset of the beech bark disease indicated that the crown widths in relation to DBH of trees that died were narrower than the crowns of survivors. Quantitative information on beech trees in the central Adirondack Region of the New York State before and during the development of the beech bark disease was available which included repeated measurements (1954–1976) of fifteen tree variables on 417 beech trees. A risk classification was developed which separated the trees by diameter and condition with a high (0.6), medium (0.3), and low (0.05) relative probability of mortality. The classification should improve the ability to separate those trees that are apt to die within a short period of time From those trees which are apt to survive.
Die Wirkung wäßriger Streuextrakte verschiedener Waldbäume auf Mycelwachstum und Konidiosporenkeimung von Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke.
Authors: Schuck Von H. J. , Lechler H. H. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract The effect of water extracts of leaf and needle litter from different forest trees on the mycelial growth and the germination rate of conidia of Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke. Litter extracts from various forest trees and stands have distinct effects on mycelial growth and germination rate of conidia of Fomes annosus. The effects depend on concentration of the extract, period of extraction and on date of collecting the litter samples.
Research on poplar canker (Xanthomonas populi subsp. populi) in the Netherlands. Part III
Authors: Gremmen J. , de Kam M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new inoculation method for testing the resistance of poplars to bacterial canker caused by Xanthomonas populi subsp. populi (Ridé) Ridé & Ridé is discussed. The procedure is based on a more natural infection method and involves spraying plants in spring with bacterial suspensions.
Mycelial growth and extracellular laccase activity of Fomes annosus in response to cellobiose and sodium ligninsulphonate
Authors: Kaufmann U. , Wellendorf H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present study is part of an investigation of growth inhibition mechanisms in Picea abies against Fomes annosus and is concerned with the induction of ectolaccase activity in Fomes annosus (3 strains) grown on cellobiose and ligninsulphonate and a 1:1 mixture of these substrates. It is shown that mycelial growth is almost independent of the substrates used. In two of the F. annosus strains laccase is induced only by the use of ligninsulphonate whereas in the third strain it seems to be constitutive produced, which means that the laccase production is independent of the substrate.
The colour of Pinus silvestris L. seed and their susceptibility to damping‐off
Authors: Grzywacz A. P. , Rosochacka Jadwiga 
Published: June 2007

AbstractScots pine seed differ widely in colour. The black ones are more resistant to infection by damping‐off fungi. No significant differences were found related ro colour of seed coat in germination energy and capacity and 1000‐seed weight. Wide quantitative and qualitative differences in fatty acids content in the seed coats depending on seed colour and physiological state (resting, germinating and infected seeds) may affect differences in resistance of infection by damping‐off fungi.
Nectria infection of beech bark in relation to infestation by Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindiger
Authors: Lonsdale D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWound inoculation with an isolate of Nectria coccinea produced cankers in beech bark, the size of which was related to the severity of C. fagisuga infestation. Lesions were absent in most cases following surface inoculation of bark (non wounding) with very localised but heavy infestation. Inhibition of the host's response to fungal invasion is considered to be an important part of the insect's role in producing beech bark disease.
La maladie à Brunchorstia
Authors: Morelet M. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract The Brunchorstia disease. I – Taxonomy and nomenclature of the pathogen. Critical analysis of nomenclature and taxonomy of the agent of the so‐called Scleroderris canker has led to the adoption of Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet (conidial stage: Brunchorstia pinea [Karst.] Höhnel) as the name for this pathogen.We present a detailed description of the fungus based on examination of numerous samples, and a complete critical synonymy. A neotype is proposed, a new variety is described (B. pinea var. cembrae), and we place Rhabdospora pithyophila Saccardo in the genus Foveostroma Di Cosmo.A comparative morphological and cultural study shows the differences that exist between the genus Ascocalyx Naumov and Gremmeniella Morelet the conidiogenesis of which has been reproduced for the first time in electronic microscopy.
The distribution of fungi in sound‐looking stems of Picea abies in Norway
Authors: Huse K. J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Ascocoryne spp. occurred only in heartwood, Neobulgaria premnophila also in sapwood, both with an upward, decreasing frequency in the lower 2–5 m of the stems. Nectria fuckeliana occurred at all heights, most abundantly in the 2–5 m above stump level and only in heartwood. Several other fungi also occurred, but less frequently.
Scanning electron microscopy of Cronartium ribicola infecting Ribes leaves1
Authors: Woo J. Y. , Martin Neil E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractScanning electron microscopy was used to aid the study of the physical relationships between n+n stage of Cronartium ribicola and its alternate host, Ribes hudsonianum var. petiolare, and to examine the morphology of certain fungus structures. Germ tubes penetrated Ribes leaves through stomates exclusively. Formation of appressoria over stomates were also observed. Intercellular leaf spaces were more than adequate to accommodate the intercellular mycelium. The intercellular hyphae and germ tubes were attached to adjacent host cell surfaces. Haustoria were found to be consistently saccate and shown to characterize the n+n stage of C. ribicola.
Aggressiveness of Ceratocystis ulmi strains and induction of resistance in Ulmus americana
Authors: Hubbes M. , Jeng R. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA correlation between amino acid utilization and pathogenicity among five strains of Ceratocystis ulmi (Buis.) Moreau has been observed. Conditioning inoculation with a non‐aggressive strain of C. ulmi rendered white elm seedlings resistant to further attack by an aggressive strain of the same pathogen.
Der „Schwarze Rindenschorf” der Buche, verursacht durch Ascodichaena rugosa Butin
Authors: Butin H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe “beech bark black scab”, caused by Ascodichaena rugosa Butin. On the bark of Fagus sylvatica the appearance of the new named “beech bark black scab” is described including morphological and ecological features of the causal fungus Ascodichaena rugosa Butin.
Canker and dieback of Sorbus spp.
Authors: MacBrayne C. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA disease of Sorbus spp. is described in which the main symptoms are formation of cankers and extensive dieback of primary branches. A culture programme revealed that Cytospora rubescens Fr. ex Fr. (Fungi Imperfecti, Sphaeropsidales) was constantly associated with the disease and inoculation tests proved its pathogenicity.
Water relations in the leaves of poplar clones resistant and susceptible to Melampsora larici‐populina1
Authors: Siwecki R. , Przyuyl K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe study of water relations of poplar clones resistant and susceptible to Melampsora larici‐populina Kleb. using an air tunnel and a porometer have confirmed the considerable variability of poplars in rate of transpiration and time of stomatal opening. The differences between resistant and susceptible poplar clones were rather in the functioning of stomata than in their structures and frequency.
Phyllosticta Leaf Spot of Poplar in Southern Australia
Authors: Singh S. J. , Heather W. A. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Phyllosticta sp. was associated with spotting of leaves of numerous cultivars of poplar, including Populus euphratica Oliv., at Canberra (lat. 35°S) and Kempsey (lat. 31°S) in southern Australia. At Kempsey the spots differed morphologically from those occurring in the Canberra district and in addition the necrosis was more extensive and the premature leaf shedding more pronounced at the lower latitude.
Adelges aphids and fungi causing premature defoliation of Larch
Authors: Skarmoutsos G. , Millar C. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Meria laricis invaded needles of Larix X eurolepis at the feeding sites of Adelges spp and caused pre‐mature needle fall. The position of the feeding site on the needle determined the time of their fall. Among other fungi isolated from needles attacked by aphids were Cladosporium herbarum, Lophodermitim laricinum, Aureobasidium pullulans, Stereum sp., Thyssanophora penicillioides, Botrytis cinerea and Epicoccum sp. The feeding sites on the needles, the remaining unattacked parts of the needles and the naturally senescent needles were found to be colonized by different fungi at different times.
Cylindrocladium spp. associated with various diseases of Eucalyptus in Kerala1
Authors: Sharma J. K. , Mohanan C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDuring an extensive survey of nurseries and plantations spread throughout the state, six species of Cylindrocladium were found to be associated with various diseases of Eucalyptus spp. C. quinque‐septatum was the dominant species followed by C. ilicicola, C. floridanum, C. parvum, C. curvatum and C. scoparium. C. quinqueseptatum was isolated from the specimens collected throughout Kerala irrespective of host species or geographical location. However, other species had discernible spatial distribution with a narrow host range. C. floridanum and its perfect stage, Calonectria floridana, and C. curvatum are reported for the first time on Eucalyptus in India.
Bark necrosis of Acer pseudoplatanus L. in northern Britain
Authors: Gregory S. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSevere bark necrosis in large Acer pseudoplatanus was studied at a site in northern England. Bark death occurred late in the growing season or in the dormant season on two occasions and was preceded by a notably dry summer in both cases.Of several fungi isolated from cankers and areas of recent bark necrosis, Nectria coccinea and Diplodina acerina were demonstrated to be capable of causing limited necrotic extension of physical wounds in healthy A. pseudoplatanus. A third sp., Phomopsis pustulata, though the most frequently isolated fungus, showed no such ability.It is proposed that summer drought in association with a variety of weakly pathogenic fungi can induce local bark necrosis in A. pseudoplatanus.
The influence of fertilizers on the occurrence of Armillaria mellea in Scots pine plantations
Authors: Rykowski K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe spread of Armillaria mellea inside fertilized (with NPKCaMg) and non‐fertilized roots of pine was evaluated by: growth of mycelium on extracts from roots with bark, de‐barked roots and from bark with bast, hygroscopic property, water saturation, weight loss and microscopical observations. Negative as well as positive influences of fertilizers were observed. The problems of the multi‐aspect influence of fertilizers on the development of disease are discussed.
Diplodia shoot blight and asymptomatic persistence of Diplodia pinea on or in stems of jack pine nursery seedlings
Authors: Stanosz G. R. , Smith D. R. , Leisso R. 
Published: June 2007

Summary Diplodia pinea (syn. Sphaeropsis sapinea) is known as a major cause of damage to red pine (Pinus resinosa) seedlings in nurseries. The fungus can also be a latent pathogen of red pine seedlings, persisting in the absence of gross symptoms and later proliferating under conditions that induce host stress. In the fall of 2004, three nurseries in Wisconsin were surveyed to determine the potential for the occurrence of Diplodia shoot blight on jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedlings and the persistence of D. pinea on or in asymptomatic seedlings of this species. Incidence of shoot blight was quantified in five 1 m long segments of an interior row in each of two survey areas in each nursery. The pathogen was identified on symptomatic seedlings collected in these areas on the basis of presence of characteristic pycnidia and conidia. Five groups of 20 asymptomatic seedlings were also collected in each of the two survey areas in each nursery. A segment of the lower stem/root collar from each of these asymptomatic seedlings was surface‐disinfested and culturally assayed using tannic acid agar. The mean incidence of shoot blight (as high as 9%) and mean frequency of cultural detection from asymptomatic seedlings (as high as 20%) were greatest in proximity to red pine windbreaks which are a source of inoculum. Only D. pinea was confirmed from subsets of symptomatic and asymptomatic seedlings which were tested using mt SSU rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers that allow differentiation of D. pinea from D. scrobiculata and other fungi in the genus Botryosphaeria and related anamorphic fungi. Jack pine seedlings inoculated with D. pinea isolates obtained from asymptomatic nursery seedlings developed shoot blight symptoms in greenhouse trials. Thus, the ability of D. pinea to damage jack pine seedlings in nurseries has been documented and the potential for virulent strains of this latent pathogen to be distributed on asymptomatic jack pine seedlings from nurseries has been confirmed.
Dyspepsia in HIV‐infected patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Werneck–Silva Ana Luiza , Prado Ivete Bedin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Upper gastrointestinal symptoms, mainly dyspepsia, are common adverse effects in patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Whether it is worthwhile to perform endoscopy early in their treatment is a matter of debate. We have done a prospective study of the prevalence and the etiology of endoscopic lesions in a large cohort of dyspeptic adult HIV‐infected patients under HAART, according to their immunological status.Methods:  528 (334 men and 194 women, mean age 38) HIV‐infected patients under HAART with epigastric pain and/or nausea and vomiting underwent upper endoscopy. Patients were classified in two groups, according to CD4 cells counting (>200 cells/mm3 or ≤200 cells/mm3). Gastric and duodenal biopsies were taken from normal mucosa and any lesion found.Results:  Gastric mucosa alterations were seen in 61.74% of patients (40.71% erythema, 18.38% erosion and 2.65% ulcer). Duodenum mucosa alterations were seen in 25.37% of patients, mainly erosions (19.50%) and ulcer (3.59%). There was no difference in endoscopic findings according to CD4 cell count groups. Chronic active gastritis was shown in 459 patients (86.93%). H. pylori infection was seen in 32.38%, and it was more prevalent in the group with CD4 > 200 (p < 0.01). Opportunistic infections and malignancies were seen exclusively in patients with CD4 ≤ 200.Conclusions:  Most of the endoscopic lesions in dyspeptic HIV‐infected patients under HAART were not related to AIDS. Upper endoscopy was more helpful in dictating clinical treatment in patients with low CD4 counts (≤200) and should be done earlier in this group.
Vascular targeting agent Oxi4503 inhibits tumor growth in a colorectal liver metastases model
Authors: Malcontenti–Wilson Caterina , Chan Lisa , Nikfarjam Mehrdad , Muralidharan Vijayaragavan , Christophi Christopher 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Oxi4503 is a potent vascular targeting agent belonging to the family of combretastatins. These agents produce an acute reduction in tumor blood flow leading to tumor necrosis. Despite evidence of its efficacy in certain malignancies, the effect on colorectal liver metastases remains largely unknown. This study investigates the effect of Oxi4503 on colorectal liver metastases in a murine model.Methods:  The effect of a single dose of Oxi4503 on established tumors in a murine model of colorectal liver metastases was assessed following administration of 1–50 mg/kg Oxi4503. In addition, the effects of continuous, daily and intermittent dosing (1–5 mg/kg) on tumor necrosis and growth were studied by quantitative histological and stereological analysis. The effect of multiple dosing on long‐term survival was also assessed using the Kaplan–Meier analysis. The microvascular effects of therapy were studied by scanning electron microscopy of microvascular resin casts.Results:  A single dose of 5 or 50 mg/kg of Oxi4503 produced significant tumor necrosis compared to the controls. Subcutaneous continuous dosing infusion with Oxi4503 at 1 mg/kg/day reduced tumor growth compared to the controls, but was associated with marked systemic toxicity. Daily administration over 21 days was associated with significant mortality. Intermittent dosing of Oxi4503 (two doses, 3 days apart) produced the greatest reduction in tumor growth with minimal toxicity and conferred a significant survival advantage. Microvascular casts demonstrated significant disruption of tumor vessels.Conclusions:  A single dose of Oxi4503 produced significant necrosis and microvascular injury in colorectal liver metastases. Intermittent dosing with Oxi4503 produced the maximum reduction in tumor growth, minimal toxicity, and a significant improvement in survival. Oxi4503 is a potential anticancer agent. Further research into its mechanism of action and its synergistic use with other therapies is warranted.
Somatostatin and gabexate for post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis prevention: Meta‐analysis of randomized placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: Rudin Dan , Kiss Alexander , Wetz Robert V , Sottile Vincent M 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Prior studies have suggested the efficacy of somatostatin and gabexate in post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis prevention. We examined this notion in our study.Methods:  An extensive literature search led to the inclusion of seven homogeneous high‐quality studies (Jadad score ≥4), involving 3130 patients. The studies were grouped according to the drug's length of administration: given as an infusion for 12 h (groups SOM1 and GAB1 for somatostatin and gabexate, respectively); given as an infusion for less then 12 h (groups SOM2 and GAB2 for somatostatin and gabexate, respectively); and given as a bolus (group SOM3 for somatostatin, none identified for gabexate). Separate meta‐analyses investigating post‐procedural pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia rates were conducted in a random effects model.Results:  Pancreatitis analyses yielded significant risk differences for the SOM1, SOM3 and GAB1 groups. The resulting values were 7.7% (95% confidence intervals [CI][3.4 to 12.0], P < 0.0001), 8.2% (95% CI [4.4 to 12.0], P < 0.0001) and 5.2% (95% CI [1.1 to 9.4], P = 0.01), respectively. No statistically significant risk differences were observed for the SOM2 and GAB2 groups: −2.3% (95% CI [−5.2 to 0.5], P = 0.11) and −1.1% (95% CI [−3.8 to 1.6], P = 0.41), respectively. Hyperamylasemia analyses yielded significant risk differences for the SOM1 and SOM3 groups (P = 0.017 and 0.001, respectively), although not for the SOM2, GAB1 and GAB2 groups (P = 0.44, 0.49 and 0.47, respectively).Conclusions:  Somatostatin administered as a bolus seems to be an efficacious measure of post‐ERCP pancreatitis prevention, reducing pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia rates, and being applicable to clinical practice. Further study is required before its introduction into routine care.