bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection of fatty acids against ruminal biohydrogenation in cattle
Authors: Jenkins Thomas C. , Bridges William C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe increased need for intestinal absorption of unsaturated fatty acids in cattle is driven mainly by nutritional guidelines that promote reduced intake of saturated fatty acids by humans, and by reports of enhanced animal performance (such as reproductive performance) when additional essential fatty acids are supplied. A duodenal flow dataset was compiled from 25 published studies that provided up to 93 observations on fatty acid intakes and ruminal outflows across a multitude of unprotected and protected fat sources. Control diets with no added fat and diets containing unprotected fat sources had similar and predictable ruminal losses of unsaturated fatty acids (86% for linolenic and oleic acids, and 82% for linoleic acids). Rumen protection technologies that have emerged over the years involve either encapsulation of unsaturated fatty acids inside a microbial‐resistant shell (such as formaldehyde‐treated or lipid encapsulated), or alteration of fatty acid structure (such as calcium salts or fatty amides) to resist action of microbial enzymes. Calcium salts of fatty acids, because they are available commercially, comprised the majority of observations in the duodenal flow dataset. Meta‐analysis of the duodenal dataset that included random study effects revealed only a few instances where protected fat sources gave ruminal losses of polyunsaturated fatty acids that were appreciably lower than what was seen for unprotected fats. Future challenges include enhancing protection characteristics of existing rumen‐protected fat sources, and development and commercialization of novel protection strategies.
Microfluidics in amino acid analysis
Authors: Pumera Martin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMicrofluidic devices have been widely used to derivatize, separate, and detect amino acids employing many different strategies. Virtually zero‐dead volume interconnections and fast mass transfer in small volume microchannels enable dramatic increases in on‐chip derivatization reaction speed, while only minute amounts of sample and reagent are needed. Due to short channel path, fast subsecond separations can be carried out. With sophisticated miniaturized detectors, the whole analytical process can be integrated on one platform. This article reviews developments of lab‐on‐chip technology in amino acid analysis, it shows important design features such as sample preconcentration, precolumn and postcolumn amino acid derivatization, and unlabeled and labeled amino acid detection with focus on advanced designs. The review also describes important biomedical and space exploration applications of amino acid analysis on microfluidic devices.
Contrasting roles of neural firing rate and local field potentials in human memory
Authors: Ekstrom Arne , Viskontas Indre , Kahana Michael , Jacobs Josh , Upchurch Kristen , Bookheimer Susan , Fried Itzhak 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecording the activity of neurons is a mainstay of animal memory research, while human recordings are generally limited to the activity of large ensembles of cells. The relationship between ensemble activity and neural firing rate during declarative memory processes, however, remains unclear. We recorded neurons and local field potentials (LFPs) simultaneously from the same sites in the human hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (ERC) in patients with implanted intracranial electrodes during a virtual taxi‐driver task that also included a memory retrieval component. Neurons increased their firing rate in response to specific passengers or landmarks both during navigation and retrieval. Although we did not find item specificity in the broadband LFP, both θ‐ and γ‐band LFPs increased power to specific items on a small but significant percent of channels. These responses, however, did not correlate with item‐specific neural responses. To contrast item‐specific responses with process‐specific responses during memory, we compared neural and LFP responses during encoding (navigation) and retrieval (associative and item‐specific recognition). A subset of neurons also altered firing rates nonspecifically while subjects viewed items during encoding. Interestingly, LFPs in the hippocampus and ERC increased in power nonspecifically while subjects viewed items during retrieval, more often during associative than item‐recognition. Furthermore, we found no correlation between neural firing rate and broadband, θ‐band, and γ‐band LFPs during process‐specific responses. Our findings suggest that neuronal firing and ensemble activity can be dissociated during encoding, item‐maintenance, and retrieval in the human hippocampal area, likely relating to functional properties unique to this region. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Professional/management relations: Imagery vs. action
Authors: Hall Richard H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractManagers and professionals have images about what professionalism involves. These images are used in personnel decisions and in other evaluation situations. The images used by professionals have multiple dimensions, many of which do not correspond to conventional stereotypes. The variable of power is of critical importance in developing and maintaining professional images. If management seeks to enhance the image of its personnel who are labeled professionals, it runs some risk of losing control of these personnel. The imagery of professionalization is viewed as developing more fully after individuals leave their professional training.
The implementation and adoption of new technology in organizations: The impact on work, people, and culture
Authors: Mirvis Philip H. , Sales Amy L. , Hackett Edward J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article examines the impact of computer technology on the workforce and workplace. It summarizes research and examines in practice the implementation and adoption of new technology in companies. Two cases are presented: a metal fabrication factory and a professional publishing company. Results of a pre‐implementation survey given to personnel in the factory highlight how a top‐down change strategy and worker's sense of mistrust and inequity, led to problems with the introduction of computerized machinery and control systems. Surveys taken one and three years after the introduction of word processing and data‐based management tools in the publishing company, by comparison, show how a more participatory change strategy coupled with extensive user training and support, contribute to success with technological change and alter perceptions of the company culture.
Expression of an endogenous retroviral sequence from the HERV‐H group in gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Wentzensen Nicolas , Coy Johannes F. , Knaebel Hanns‐Peter , Linnebacher Michael , Wilz Birgit , Gebert Johannes , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHuman endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) account for approximately 8% of the human genome. Since the majority of HERV elements have accumulated inactivating mutations in the viral genes, only few expressed viral open reading frames (ORFs) have been described. In this study, we have analyzed the expression of a HERV‐H copy located on Xp22.3 encompassing a potential ORF immediately downstream of the viral promoter. Conventional and real time RT‐PCR based expression analysis of this specific HERV‐H sequence showed overexpression in 16 of 34 (47%) colorectal, 25 of 63 (40%) gastric and 2 of 12 (17%) pancreatic cancers, whereas no overexpression was detected in bronchial and cervical cancers. Normal human testis, placenta and breast tissue did not show expression of this sequence. CpG methylation analysis of the viral promoter revealed a loss of methylation in cell lines expressing the HERV‐H sequence as compared to nonexpressing cell lines and lymphocyte DNA derived from healthy individuals. Further investigations of the HERV‐H long terminal repeat and the HERV‐H RNA are necessary to assess the functional relevance of the HERV‐H expression. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
P53 codon 72 polymorphism and gastric cancer: A meta‐analysis of the literature
Authors: Zhou Yong , Li Ni , Zhuang Wen , Liu Guan‐Jian , Wu Tai‐Xiang , Yao Xun , Du Liang , Wei Mao‐Ling , Wu Xiao‐Ting 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStudies investigating the association between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and gastric cancer risk report conflicting results. The objective of this study was to quantitatively summarize the evidence for such a relationship. Two investigators independently searched the Medline and Embase databases. This meta‐analysis included 12 case‐control studies, which included 1,665 gastric cancer cases and 2,358 controls. The combined results based on all studies showed that there was no significant difference in genotype distribution [Arg/Arg odds ratio (OR) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.79, 1.16; Pro/Pro (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.92, 1.58); Pro/Arg (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.79, 1.14)] between gastric cancer and noncancer patients. When stratifying for race, results were similar except that patients with gastric cancer had a significantly lower frequency of Arg/Arg (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72, 0.99) than noncancer patients among Asians. Stratified the various studies by the location, stage, Lauren's classification, and histological differentiation of gastric cancer, we found that (i) patients with cardia gastric cancer had a significantly higher frequency of Pro/Pro (OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.46,7.01) than those with noncardia gastric cancer among Asians; (ii) patients with advanced (stage III/IV) gastric cancer had a significantly higher frequency of Arg/Arg (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.01, 2.16) than those with early (stage I/II) gastric cancer among Asians; (iii) patients with poor differentiation had a significantly lower frequency of Pro/Pro (OR = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.64) than those with well differentiation among Caucasians. This meta‐analysis suggests that the p53 codon 72 polymorphism may be associated with gastric cancer among Asians, and that difference in genotype distribution may be associated with the location, stage, and histological differentiation of gastric cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced numbers of IL‐7 receptor (CD127) expressing immune cells and IL‐7‐signaling defects in peripheral blood from patients with breast cancer
Authors: Vudattu Nalini Kumar , Magalhaes Isabelle , Schmidt Marcus , Seyfert‐Margolis Vicki , Maeurer Markus J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInterleukin‐7‐receptor‐signaling plays a pivotal role in T‐cell development and maintenance of T‐cell memory. We studied IL‐7Rα (CD127) expression in PBMCs obtained from patients with breast cancer and examined IL‐7 receptor‐mediated downstream effects defined by STAT5 phosphorylation (p‐STAT5). Reduced numbers of IL‐7Rα‐positive cells were identified in CD4+ T‐cells as well as in a CD8+ T‐cell subset defined by CD8α/α homodimer expression in patients with breast cancer. PBMCs obtained from healthy donors (n = 19) and from patients with breast cancer (n = 19) exhibited constitutive p‐STAT5 expression in the range of 0–6.4% in CD4+ T‐cells and 0–4% in CD8+ T‐cells. Stimulation with recombinant human IL‐7 for 15 min increased p‐STAT5 expression up to 36–97% in CD4+T‐cells and to 26–90% in CD8+T‐cells obtained from healthy control donors (n = 19). In contrast, PBMCs obtained from 13/19 patients with breast cancer did not respond to IL‐7 as defined by STAT5 phosphorylation, despite expression of IL‐7Rα on T‐lymphocytes. T‐cells were further characterized for IL‐ 2 and IFN‐γ production induced by PMA/Ionomycin. PBMCs from 9/19 patients with breast cancer showed decreased IL‐2 and IFN‐γ production combined with IL‐7‐signaling defects; PBMCs from 4 patients with breast cancer exhibited deficient IL‐7‐signaling, yet intact cytokine production. Reduced numbers of IL‐7Rα‐positive cells and nonresponsiveness to IL‐7, defined by lack of STAT5 phosphorylation, characterizes the immunological profile in T‐cells from patients with breast cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improvement of hyperlipidemia by indomethacin in Min mice
Authors: Niho Naoko , Mutoh Michihiro , Komiya Masami , Ohta Tsutomu , Sugimura Takashi , Wakabayashi Keiji 
Published: June 2007

AbstractApc gene‐deficient Min and Apc1309 mice feature a hyperlipidemic state with a markedly low expression level of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) compared to their wild‐type counterparts. We previously showed that induction of LPL mRNA by peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) α and γ agonists or an LPL selective inducer suppresses both high serum lipid levels and intestinal polyp formation in these model animals. Since the general cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, is known to suppress intestinal tumor development, but not to affect serum lipids, its influence in Min mice was here investigated. Treatment with 2.5, 5 and 10 ppm indomethacin in the diet for 14 weeks from 6 weeks of age caused significant dose‐dependent reduction in serum triglycerides, along with a reduction in the numbers of intestinal polyps to 25% of the untreated control value. LPL mRNA levels in the liver were slightly increased by indomethacin treatment. We further performed oligonucleotide microarray analysis and quantitative PCR analysis and found 8 lipid metabolism‐related genes, regulated by sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c, to be modulated by indomethacin‐treatment in the Min mouse liver. Furthermore, TNFα was downregulated. These results indicate that indomethacin might suppress intestinal tumor formation together with a hyperlipidemic state by regulating LPL and other lipid metabolic factors. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persistent and remodeling hepatic preneoplastic lesions present differences in cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as in p53, Bcl‐2 and NF‐κB pathways
Authors: Mazzantini Rogério Pietro , de Conti Aline , Moreno Fernando Salvador 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDuring rat hepatocarcinogenesis preneoplastic lesions (PNL) emerge which may persist (pPNL) and be sites of progress to cancer or suffer remodeling (rPNL) tending to disappear. Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in both phenotypes are not sufficiently elucidated. pPNL and rPNL cellular proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated in rats submitted to the resistant hepatocyte (RH) model, and an adjusted growth index (AGI) was established. p53, Bcl‐2, and NF‐κB p65 subunit expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in pPNL and rPNL. p65 expression and NF‐κB activation was evaluated by Western blot assays in whole livers. A lower number of BrdU‐stained hepatocyte nuclei/mm2 and higher number of apoptotic bodies (AB) per mm2 were observed in remodeling compared to pPNL. Cytoplasmic p53 accumulation is related to increased hepatocarcinoma malignancy. We observed that 71.3% pPNL and 25.4% rPNL (P < 0.05) presented p53 staining in the cytoplasm. Similarly, 67.7% pPNL and 23.1 % rPNL (P < 0.05) presented increased Bcl‐2 staining. Thirty‐two percent pPNL and 15.6% rPNL (P < 0.05) presented p65 staining. Compared to normal rats, increase (P < 0.05) of hepatic p65 expression and NF‐κB activation in rats submitted to the RH model was observed. In agreement to previous studies hepatic pPNL and rPNL differ regarding cell proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, persistence and remodeling involve differences in p53, Bcl‐2, and NF‐κB pathways. These data point to molecular pathways that may direct preneoplastic lesions to spontaneously regress or to progress to cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 538–546, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improving the efficiency of the NEB reaction path finding algorithm
Authors: Galván Ignacio Fdez. , Field Martin J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe nudged elastic band (NEB) method is a successful optimization method for obtaining minimum energy reaction paths if only the initial and final structures are known. However, the original implementation of the method had some limitations, which has meant that there has been considerable interest in proposing alternative NEB formulations, which show improved convergence behavior. In this work, we present two modifications to the standard NEB procedure. The first involves the use of a second‐order quasi‐Newton optimization technique applied separately to each of the images that form the path. The second consists of the use of an interpolating spline to represent the path. This ensures that the images along the path are evenly spaced and means that the arbitrary spring forces employed in the standard NEB method are no longer necessary. We tested these modifications on a set of small, but relatively complex, chemical systems and found that the computation time was reduced by as much as 90% compared with the standard method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Block designs with large holes and α ‐resolvable BIBDs
Authors: Furino Steven C. , Mullin Ronald C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn a (v, k, λ: w) incomplete block design (IBD) (or PBD [v, {k, w*}. λ]), the relation v ≥ (k − 1)w + 1 must hold. In the case of equality, the IBD is referred to as a block design with a large hole, and the existence of such a configuration is equivalent to the existence of a λ‐resolvable BIBD(v − w, k − 1, λ). The existence of such configurations is investigated for the case of k = 5. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for all v and λ ≢ 2 (mod 4), and for λ ≡ 2 mod 4 with 11 possible exceptions for v. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Symmetric (41,16,6)‐designs with a nontrivial automorphism of odd order
Authors: Spence Edward 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIf a symmetric (41,16,6)‐design has an automorphism σ of odd prime order q then q = 3 or 5. In the case q = 5 we determine all such designs and find a total of 419 nonisomorphic ones, of which 15 are self‐dual. When q = 3 a combinatorial explosion occurs and the complete classification becomes impracticable. However, we give a characterization in the particular case when σ has order 3 and fixes 11 points, and find that there are 3,076 nonisomorphic designs with this property, all of them being non self‐dual. The other remaining possibility is that σ, of order 3, fixes 5 points. In this case there are 960 orbit matrices (up to isomorphism and duality) and all but one of them yield designs. Here an incomplete investigation shows that in total there are at least 112,000 nonisomorphic designs. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An infinite family of (simple) 6‐designs
Authors: Kreher Donald L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA simple 6‐(22,8,60) designs is exhibited. It is then shown using Qui‐rong Wu's generalization of a result of Luc Teirlinck that this design together with our 6‐(14,7,4) design implies the existence of simple 6‐(23 + 16m,8,4(m + 1)(16m + 17)) designs for all positive integers m. All the above mentioned designs are halvings of the complete design. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Uniform room frames with five holes
Authors: Dinitz J. H. , Lamken E. R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn 1981, Dinitz and Stinson [2] proved that the necessary conditions were sufficient for the existence of a Room frame of type tu for all u ≥ 6. Very recently, Zhu Lie and Ge Gennian [5] constructed all t5 Room frames except for four missing orders. In this article we construct t5 Room frames for t = 11,13,17, and 19; this completes the proof that the necessary conditions are sufficient for the existence of a Room frame of type t5. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On regular {v, n}‐arcs in finite projective spaces
Authors: Ueberberg Johannes 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA regular {v, n}‐arc of a projective space P of order q is a set S of v points such that each line of P has exactly 0,1 or n points in common with S and such that there exists a line of P intersecting S in exactly n points. Our main results are as follows: (1) If P is a projective plane of order q and if S is a regular {v, n}‐arc with n ≥ √q + 1, then S is a set of n collinear points, a Baer subplane, a unital, or a maximal arc. (2) If P is a projective space of order q and if S is a regular {v, n}‐arc with n ≥ √q + 1 spanning a subspace U of dimension at least 3, then S is a Baer subspace of U, an affine space of order q in U, or S equals the point set Of U. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the existence of pure (v, 4, λ)‐PMD with λ = 1 and 2
Authors: Qinglin Lu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the existence of pure (v, 4, λ)‐PMD with λ = 1 and 2, and obtain the following results: (1) a pure (v, 4, 1)‐PMD exists for every positive integer v = 0 or 1 (mod 4) with the exception of v = 4 and 8 and the possible exception of v = 12; (2) a pure (v, 4, 2)‐PMD exists for every integer v ≥ 6. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Embeddings of Sλ(2, 4, v)
Authors: Kong G. , Zhu L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt is shown that the necessary condition for a given Sλ(2,4,u) to be embedded in some Sλ(2,4,v) as a subdesign, namely v ≥ 3u + 1, is also sufficient for the case of λ = 6. Combining this with the previously known results gives the same sufficiency for any positive integer λ. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Minimal harmoniously colorable designs
Authors: Casse L. R. A. , O'Keefe Christine M. , Wilson B. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA graph G is minimal harmoniously colorable if it has a proper vertex coloring in which each pair of colors occurs exactly once on an edge. In particular, if D is a 2‐design we consider the graph G whose vertices are the points and blocks of D and where two vertices of G are adjacent if and only if the corresponding elements of D are incident. It will be shown that if D is symmetric then G is minimal harmoniously colorable if and only if D is a Hadamard design with corresponding Hadamard matrix of a certain form. We obtain some results if D is nonsymmetric, and construct two classes of nonsymmetric minimal harmoniously colorable designs. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A combinatorial characterization of certain universal classes of hash functions
Authors: van Trung Tran 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new lower bound on the size of ϵ‐almost strongly universal2 classes of hash functions has recently been obtained by Stinson [8]. In this article we present a characterization of ϵ − ASU2 classes of hash functions meeting the Stinson bound in terms of combinatorial designs. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Symmetric latin square and complete graph analogues of the evans conjecture
Authors: Andersen Lars Døvling , Hilton A. J. W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWith the proof of the Evans conjecture, it was established that any partial latin square of side n with a most n − 1 nonempty cells can be completed to a latin square of side n. In this article we prove an analogous result for symmetric latin squares: a partial symmetric latin square of side n with an admissible diagonal and at most n − 1 nonempty cells can be completed to a symmetric latin square of side n. We also characterize those partial symmetric latin squares of side n with exactly n or n + 1 nonempty cells which cannot be completed. From these results we deduce theorems about completing edge‐colorings of complete graphs K2m and K2m − 1 with 2m − 1 colors, with m + 1 or fewer edges getting prescribed colors. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the doyen‐wilson theorem for m‐cycle systems
Authors: Bryant Darryn E. , Rodger C. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this article we consider the embedding of m‐cycle systems of order u in m‐cycle systems of order v when m is odd. When u and v are 1 or m (mod 2m) we completely settle this problem, except possibly for the smallest such embedding in some cases when u ≡ v ≡ m (mod 2m). In particular, there are no exceptions if m ∈ {7,9}, so the generalization of the Doyen‐Wilson Theorem is now settled for all odd m with m ≤ 9. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On equationally defining m‐perfect 2m + 1 cycle systems
Authors: Lindner C. C. , Rodger C. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this article we give a complete solution to the problem of equationally defining m‐perfect (2m + 1)‐cycle systems and of equationally defining m‐perfect directed (2m + 1)‐cycle systems. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.