bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Phosphoric Acid Pretreatment on Self‐Etching Bond Strengths
Authors: ERHARDT MARIA CAROLINA GUILHERME , CAVALCANTE LARISSA MARIA ASSAD , PIMENTA LUIZ ANDRE FREIRE 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of phosphoric acid pretreatment on shear bond strength of two self‐etching bonding systems to enamel and dentin. Materials and Methods: Forty‐eight extracted third human molar teeth were mounted, embedded into polystyrene resin, polished with 600‐grit aluminum oxide papers, and randomly divided into four groups (n= 12): group 1–Clearfil Liner Bond® 2V (Kuraray Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan); group 2–One Up Bond F® (Tokuyama Corp., Tokyo, Japan); group 3–phosphoricacid (Condicionador Dental Gel®, Dentsply Ind. Com. LTDA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and Clearfil Liner Bond 2V; group 4–phosphoric acid and One Up Bond F. In groups 3 and 4 the substrate was pre‐etched for 15 seconds with 37% phosphoric acid, rinsed, and dried with an air stream. In all groups adhesive systems were applied according to manufacturers' instructions and light cured; then a restorative composite resin (TPH Spectrum®, Dentsply Ind. Com. LTDA) was placed in a polytef matrix and cured. The specimens were stored in humidity for 7 days at 37°C. The shear bond strength test was performed in a universal test machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. All procedures were repeated for the dentin evaluation. Mean values were analyzed with two‐way analysis of variance and Duncan tests (p < .05). Results: The values obtained are listed in decreasing order: enamel–group 3 = 24.6 MPa, group 4 = 23.6 MPa, group 1 = 19.2 MPa, group 2 = 8.5 MPa; dentin–group 1 = 17.2 MPa, group 2 = 16.1 MPa, group 4 = 13.1 MPa, group 3 = 11.3 MPa. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, enamel etching with 37% phosphoric acid provided statistically significant higher shear bond strength values, regardless of the adhesive system. However, in dentin, for Clearfil Liner Bond 2V, phosphoric acid pretreatment negatively affected bond strength values.
INFLUENCE OF SELF‐ETCHING PRIMER DRYING TIME ON ENAMEL BOND STRENGTH OF RESIN COMPOSITES
Authors: Miyazaki M. , Hirohata N. , Takagaki K. , Onose H. , Moore B.K. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of self‐etching primer drying times on the bond strength of resin to bovine enamel. Materials and Methods: Three self‐etching primer adhesive systems–Imperva Fluoro Bond® (Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan), Clearfil® Liner Bond (Kuraray Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan), and Mac Bond® II (Tokuyama Corp., Tokyo, Japan)– were used in this study, The labial enamel surfaces of bovine incisors were exposed by grinding with 240‐grit and 600‐grit wet silicon carbide paper. The primers were applied to enamel surfaces as per manufacturers' instructions. After priming, the surfaces were dried with compressed air for 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, or 30 seconds from 10 cm above the surface using a three‐way syringe. Following the application of adhesive resin, resin composites were applied into molds (diameter = 4 mm, depth = 2 mm) and were light‐cured. The shear test was performed at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. The ultrastructure of resin‐enamel interfaces was observed with SEM at magnifications of 2,000× to 3,500×. Results: Mean enamel bond strengths varied with the different drying times and ranged from 8.2 to 17.4 MPa for Clearfil Liner Bond, from 10.9 to 16.3 MPa for Imperva Fluoro Bond, and from 17.5 to 19.4 MPa for Mac Bond. For Clearfil Liner Bond and Imperva Fluoro Bond, mean bond strengths increased significantly at the 10‐second drying time, whereas Mac Bond did not experience a significant change in bond strengths. SEM examination revealed morphologic differences among the groups with varying drying times. Resin tag penetration was not clearly seen at the 0‐second drying time, but resin tags appeared to be intimately adapted to the enamel surface in specimens at the 30‐second drying time. Conclusions: The drying time of the self‐etching primer prior to the application of bonding resin affected the shear bond strength of resin to enamel for two self‐etch adhesive systems.
Chronic Administration of an Oral Rho Kinase Inhibitor Prevents the Development of Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat Model
Authors: Park Kwanjin , Kim Soo Woong , Rhu Kyong Shin , Paick Jae-Seung 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
It has been shown that the Rho/Rho kinase calcium sensitizing pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction as well as systemic atherosclerosis.

Aims
To test whether chronic treatment of an oral Rho kinase inhibitor (fasudil, 5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl homopiperazine) could prevent the development of both vasculogenic erectile dysfunction and pelvic atherosclerosis in a rat model.

Methods
Rats (3 months old) were divided into three groups (N = 10 in each group): control (group 1); atherosclerosis (group 2); and fasudil-treated (group 3). Groups 2 and 3 received atherosclerosis-prone treatment (6 weeks of 1% cholesterol diet and early 2 weeks of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [3 mg/mL/day] treatment, but group 3 was concurrently treated with fasudil (30 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures
The amount of systemic endothelial injury (plasma von Willebrand factor) and pelvic atherosclerosis was determined. Erectile function, cavernosal Rho kinase activity, and expressions of total and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were also determined.

Results
Group 2 showed a significant amount of pelvic atherosclerosis and endothelial injury. The rats also showed elevated cavernosal Rho kinase activity and impaired erectile function. Immunoblot showed a decreased total as well as phosphorylated eNOS expression. The treatment with fasudil partly but significantly ameliorated the development of pelvic atherosclerosis and plasma level of von Willebrand factor. The treatment also normalized the erectile function, cavernosal Rho kinase activity, and total eNOS expression. The overexpression of phospho-eNOS was observed in group 3.

Conclusions
These results indicate that the Rho/Rho kinase pathway is substantially involved in the development of erectile dysfunction and pelvic atherosclerosis, both of which could be prevented by chronic treatment with fasudil. Thus, Rho kinase might be considered a novel target for the prevention of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction.
Development of a Korean Version of the Female Sexual Distress Scale
Authors: Bae Jae Hyun , Han Chang Su , Kang Seok Ho , Shim Kang Soo , Kim Je Jong , Moon Du Geon 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This article presents data based on the responses of more than 100 women who contributed to the development of a Korean version of the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS).

Aim
The FSDS was developed to measure sexually related personal distress in women. This article aims to test the usefulness and analyze factors of the 20-item version of the FSDS in a Korean female sample.

Methods
The original two-item FSDS was translated with cultural modifications. A total of 104 healthy, married women were recruited through a survey. A second survey was undertaken after 2 weeks for test–retest reliability. Validity, internal consistency reliability, and test–retest reliability were evaluated. An exploratory factor analysis was also performed.

Main Outcome Measures
A Korean version of the FSDS.

Results
The test–retest coefficients of stability over a 2-week period was 0.99 (P &lt; 0.01). The 20 items of the FSDS have good internal consistency, with an alpha of 0.96. The FSDS discriminated between women with and without sexually related distress (t = −7.34, P &lt; 0.01). The optimal cut-off score was 20 (sensitivity 71.4%, specificity 92.2%). By principal axis factoring, the Korean version of the FSDS was found to consist of two factors. A 16-item FSDS had good internal consistency with an alpha of 0.97. The test–retest reliability was good (r = 0.99, P &lt; 0.01). The items of the 16-item FSDS were somewhat different from the original 12-item FSDS.

Conclusions
The Korean version of the FSDS (20-item) might be a useful tool for screening sexually distressed women in Korea. Instead of the 12-item version of the original FSDS, the 16-item FSDS was validated in this study. These results could reflect cultural differences between Eastern Asian and Western societies.
Predictors of Tadalafil Efficacy in Men with Erectile Dysfunction: The SURE Study Comparing Two Dosing Regimens
Authors: Costa Pierre , Buvat Jacques , Holmes Simon , Weitckus Sabine , Petto Helmut , Hamidi Karim , Varanese Lucio 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The efficacy of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in the treatment of erectile dysfunction may depend on patient characteristics.

Aim
To determine whether patient characteristics influence the efficacy of two tadalafil dosage regimens and to identify prognostic factors predictive of tadalafil efficacy.

Methods
This was a multicenter, open-label study in which men with erectile dysfunction were randomized to tadalafil 20 mg either on demand or three times per week for a period of 5–6 weeks. After a 1-week washout period, patients were crossed over to the alternate regimen for another 5–6 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures
Score of the Erectile Function (EF) domain of the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire (IIEF) and percentage of positive responses to questions 3 and 5 of the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) diary.

Results
A total of 4,262 patients were randomized. A normal EF domain score (≥26) at the end of on-demand and three-times-per-week treatment was reported by 60.2% and 62.3% of patients, respectively. The percentage of patients who achieved a normal EF domain score and the percentages reporting positive responses to SEP3 and SEP5 depended on the severity of erectile dysfunction and the presence of certain comorbidities, irrespective of the tadalafil dosage regimen. On regression analysis, the two best predictors of tadalafil efficacy were the baseline score of the IIEF-EF domain and the baseline percentage of “Yes” responses to SEP2.

Conclusions
On-demand and three-times-per-week dosage regimens of tadalafil 20 mg were equally efficacious in men with erectile dysfunction. Among the possible prognostic factors tested in this study, baseline disease severity scores were the strongest predictors of efficacy endpoint scores.
Geographic and Linguistic Reflections on Moent and Dubbelde Ree: Two of Australia's First Recorded Placenames
Authors: TENT JAN 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe year 2006 marks the quatercentenary of the first known European charting of any part of the Australian coastline, when the Dutch mariner Willem Janszoon explored 300 kms of the north‐west coast of Cape York Peninsula. He bestowed seven placenames, two of which, Moent and Dubbelde Ree have ambiguous meanings or referents. This paper attempts to resolve the enigmas behind these names by considering geographic, linguistic and historical evidence. Moent is particularly challenging, with several possible linguistic sources, some more plausible than others. The most compelling evidence points to it either referring to the western entrance to Endeavour Strait, or a Dutch rendition of an Indigenous Australian word. Dubbelde Ree is less problematic. The issue surrounding this name is whether its second element is meant to be Ree, an abbreviation of Reede (‘Roadstead’), or Rev, an abbreviation of Revier (‘River’). The search for the meaning of these placenames has provided credible evidence demonstrating that Janszoon explored the coastline in greater detail than has hitherto been thought, and that, in all likelihood, made contact with the local inhabitants.
Genetic aspects of restless legs syndrome
Authors: Dhawan V , Ali M , Chaudhuri K R 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also known as Ekbom syndrome, is a common movement disorder with sensorimotor symptoms occurring during sleep and quiet wakefulness. The underlying cause for RLS is unknown but genetic influences play a strong part in the pathogenesis of RLS, particularly when the condition starts at a young age. This review explores the genetic basis of RLS and related phenotypic variations. Recently, three loci showing vulnerability to RLS have been described in French-Canadian and Italian families in chromosomes 12q, 14q and 9q, emphasising on an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. These have been labelled RLS1, RLS2 and RLS3, respectively. However, specific causative mutations remain elusive and no linkage analysis has been identified so far in the candidate genes investigated in RLS.
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrabeculation/non-compaction
Authors: Stöllberger C , Finsterer J 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrabeculation/non-compaction (LVHT) is a cardiac abnormality, characterised by &gt;3 trabeculations apically to the papillary muscles and intertrabecular spaces. LVHT may occur with other cardiac abnormalities, heart failure, electrocardiographic abnormalities and neuromuscular disorders. This study gives an overview about (1) patients with LVHT in whom LVHT was initially overlooked and (2) cardiac conditions that may lead to falsely diagnosed LVHT. In 50 reported cases, LVHT has been overlooked and misdiagnosed as dilated (n = 20), hypertrophic (n = 14) or restrictive cardiomyopathy (n = 2), endocardial fibroelastosis (n = 5), endomyocardial fibrosis (n = 1), myocarditis (n = 3), thrombus (n = 2), localised left ventricular hypertrophy (n = 1), left ventricular mass (n = 1) or myocardial/pericardial disease (n = 1). In 14 patients, LVHT was diagnosed only by transoesophageal echocardiography (n = 1), computed tomography (n = 2) ventriculography (n = 2), magnetic resonance imaging (n = 3) or pathoanatomic findings (n = 6). Falsely diagnosed LVHT comprises false tendons, aberrant bands, thrombi, apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, fibroma, obliterative processes, intramyocardial haematoma, cardiac metastases and intramyocardial abscesses. Echocardiographers should be more aware of LVHT and consider its differential diagnoses.
Observed Relationships between Oceanic Kelvin Waves and Atmospheric Forcing
Authors: Roundy Paul E. , Kiladis George N. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) has been implicated as a major source of the wind stress variability that generates basin-scale Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific. One source of debate concerning this relationship is the apparent difference in the frequencies of the two processes.
This work utilizes data from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array of moored buoys along with outgoing longwave radiation data to show by means of a multiple linear regression model and case studies that the frequency discrepancy is due to a systematic decrease in the phase speeds of the Kelvin waves and an increase in the period of the waves toward the east as conditions adjust toward El Niño. Among the potential contributing factors to this phase speed decrease is an apparent air–sea interaction that enhances the wind forcing of some of the Kelvin waves, allowing them to continue to amplify because the propagating wind stress anomaly decelerates to the speed of the developing Kelvin wave instead of the significantly faster speed of the typical MJO. Kelvin waves appear to be most effectively amplified during periods when the temperature gradient above the thermocline across the equatorial central Pacific is strong, the thermocline shoals steeply toward the east in the central Pacific, and/or when the phase speed of the propagating wind stress forcing is closest to that of the Kelvin wave. These conditions tend to occur as the ocean adjusts toward El Niño. Since Kelvin waves are instrumental to the development of El Niño events, isolating the detailed relationship between the waves and the MJO will lead to a better understanding of interannual ocean–atmosphere interactions.
Browsing repeats in genomes: Pygram and an application to non-coding region analysis
Authors: Durand Patrick , Mahé Frédéric , Valin Anne-Sophie , Nicolas Jacques 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
A large number of studies on genome sequences have revealed the major role played by repeated sequences in the structure, function, dynamics and evolution of genomes. In-depth repeat analysis requires specialized methods, including visualization techniques, to achieve optimum exploratory power.

Results
This article presents Pygram, a new visualization application for investigating the organization of repeated sequences in complete genome sequences. The application projects data from a repeat index file on the analysed sequences, and by combining this principle with a query system, is capable of locating repeated sequences with specific properties. In short, Pygram provides an efficient, graphical browser for studying repeats. Implementation of the complete configuration is illustrated in an analysis of CRISPR structures in Archaea genomes and the detection of horizontal transfer between Archaea and Viruses.

Conclusion
By proposing a new visualization environment to analyse repeated sequences, this application aims to increase the efficiency of laboratories involved in investigating repeat organization in single genomes or across several genomes.
The associated expression of Maspin and Bax proteins as a potential prognostic factor in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Romani Antonello A , Soliani Paolo , Desenzani Silvia , Borghetti Angelo F , Crafa Pellegrino 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Maspin, a member of the serpin family, is a suppressor of tumor growth, an inhibitor of angiogenesis and an inducer of apoptosis. Maspin induces apoptosis by increasing Bax, a member of the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis-regulating proteins. In this exploratory study, we investigated the associated expression of Maspin and Bax proteins as a potential prognostic factor in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCCA).

Methods
Twenty-two paraffin-embedded samples were analyzed by immunohistochemical methods using Maspin, Bax and CD34 antibodies. Maspin was scored semiquantitatively (HSCORE). Apoptosis was assessed using an antibody against cleaved caspase-3.

Results
The strong relationship observed between the expression of Maspin and Bax, indicates that Bax is likely to be the key effector of Maspin-mediated induction of apoptosis as indicated by the activation of cleaved caspase-3. We categorized Maspin HSCORE by calculating the optimal cutpoint. A Maspin HSCORE above the cutpoint was inversely related with tumor dimension, depth of tumor and vascular invasion. Uni/multivariate analysis suggests that a Maspin HSCORE below the cutpoint significantly worsens the patients' prognosis. Tumors with Maspin HSCORE below the cutpoint had a shorter survival (11+/-5 months) than did patients with Maspin HSCORE above the cutpoint (27+/-4 months), whereas Kaplan-Meier analysis and logrank test showed no significant difference in overall survival between the patients.

Conclusion
The associated expression of Maspin and Bax might delay tumor progression in IHCCA. Maspin above the cutpoint might counteract tumor development by increasing cell apoptosis, and by decreasing tumor mass and cell invasion. The combined expression of Maspin and Bax appears to influence the susceptibility of tumor cholangiocytes to apoptosis and thus may be involved in delaying IHCCA progression.
Mesothelin-MUC16 binding is a high affinity, N-glycan dependent interaction that facilitates peritoneal metastasis of ovarian tumors
Authors: Gubbels Jennifer AA , Belisle Jennifer , Onda Masanori , Rancourt Claudine , Migneault Martine , Ho Mitchell , Bera Tapan K , Connor Joseph , Sathyanarayana Bangalore K , Lee Byungkook , Pastan Ira , Patankar Manish S 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
The mucin MUC16 and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored glycoprotein mesothelin likely facilitate the peritoneal metastasis of ovarian tumors. The biochemical basis and the kinetics of the binding between these two glycoproteins are not clearly understood. Here we have addressed this deficit and provide further evidence supporting the role of the MUC16-mesothelin interaction in facilitating cell-cell binding under conditions that mimic the peritoneal environment.

Results
In this study we utilize recombinant-Fc tagged human mesothelin to measure the binding kinetics of this glycoprotein to MUC16 expressed on the ovarian tumor cell line OVCAR-3. OVCAR-3 derived sublines that did not express MUC16 showed no affinity for mesothelin. In a flow cytometry-based assay mesothelin binds with very high affinity to the MUC16 on the OVCAR-3 cells with an apparent Kd of 5–10 nM. Maximum interaction occurs within 5 mins of incubation of the recombinant mesothelin with the OVCAR-3 cells and significant binding is observed even after 10 sec. A five-fold molar excess of soluble MUC16 was unable to completely inhibit the binding of mesothelin to the OVCAR-3 cells. Oxidation of the MUC16 glycans, removal of its N-linked oligosaccharides, and treatment of the mucin with wheat germ agglutinin and erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin abrogates its binding to mesothelin. These observations suggest that at least a subset of the MUC16-asscociated N-glycans is required for binding to mesothelin. We also demonstrate that MUC16 positive ovarian tumor cells exhibit increased adherence to A431 cells transfected with mesothelin (A431-Meso+). Only minimal adhesion is observed between MUC16 knockdown cells and A431-Meso+ cells. The binding between the MUC16 expressing ovarian tumor cells and the A431-Meso+ cells occurs even in the presence of ascites from patients with ovarian cancer.

Conclusion
The strong binding kinetics of the mesothelin-MUC16 interaction and the cell adhesion between ovarian tumor cells and A431-Meso+ even in the presence of peritoneal fluid strongly support the importance of these two glycoproteins in the peritoneal metastasis of ovarian tumors. The demonstration that N-linked glycans are essential for mediating mesothlein-MUC16 binding may lead to novel therapeutic targets to control the spread of ovarian carcinoma.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submaxillary gland
Authors: Belson Thomas P. , Toohill Robert J. , Chobanian Susan L. , Lehman Roger H. , Grossman Thomas W. , Malin Thomas C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA review of submaxillary gland neoplasms over a 21 year period revealed 15 malignancies and 7 benign tumors. All of the malignancies occurred in females, and 11 of these were adenoid cystic carcinoma. Two of the 11 were found to have infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast (1 pre and 1 postdiagnosis of the submaxillary carcinoma) and 3 had benign breast disease. While previous reports have suggested an association of parotid gland neoplasia and breast cancer, this is the first known report of an association between adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submaxillary gland and cancer of the breast. The discussion of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submaxillary gland emphasizes the increased frequency of this disease in females, its association with breast disease, and also experimental submaxillary gland neoplasia.