bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should the Level of the Posterior Instrumentation Combined With the Intermediate Screw Be a Short Segment or a Long Segment in Thoracolumbar Fractures With Fusion to the Fractured Segment?
Authors: Suer Onur , Aydemir Selahaddin , Kilicli Bunyamin , Akcali Omer , Ozturk Anil Murat 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose It was aimed to compare the results of long segment posterior instrumentation with intermadiate pedicular screw + fusion at the level of the fractured segment including one vertebra above and one below the fractured vertebra (LSPI) and short segment posterior instrumentation with intermadiate pedicular screw + fusion at the level of the fractured segment including one vertebra above and one below the fractured vertebra (SSPI) in the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures.Methods 90 patients with thoracolumbar vertebral (T11-L2) fractures operated between March 2015 and February 2022 were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups as those who underwent LSPI (group A: n: 54, age: 40.3) and those who underwent SSPI (group B: n: 36, age: 39.7). Radiological evaluations like vertebral compression angle (VCA), vertebral corpus heights (VCH), intraoperative parameters and complications were compared between the groups.Results Correction in early postoperative VCA was statistically significantly better in Group A (p = 0.003). At 1-year follow-up, postoperative VCA correction was significantly more successful in group A (p = 0.001). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of correction loss in VCA measured at 1-year follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of postoperative VCH, VCH at 1-year follow-up, and correction loss in VCH.Conclusion LSPI provides better postoperative kyphosis correction of the fractured vertebra than SSPI. Regarding of the segment level of posterior instrumentation, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of the loss of achieved correction of VCA, ABH, and PBH at 1-year follow-up. Operating a thoracolumbar fracture with LSPI will lengthen the operation and increase the number of intraoperative fluoroscopies compared to SSPI.
Spreading of rotating liquid annular ring with hysteresis effects
Authors: Boettcher Konrad E.R. , Ehrhard Peter 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The spreading of a liquid, subjected to centrifugal forces or an air jet, leads toa lowering of the liquid height at the center. If the system is partially wetting,experiments show a break up of the liquid and the appearance of a dry patch atthe center. In this article, the spreading of a droplet or a liquid film, featuring adry patch at the center, is investigated. Via a generalized Tanner’s law, we allowfor a contact–angle hysteresis in partially–wetting system. By means of the lubrication approximation, an analytical quasi–steady solution can be derived in thelimit of small capillary numbers. We find a power–law regime for the spreading,in which at least one of the contact lines follows a power law in time, almost independent of both static contact angles. The influence of the static contact anglesremains restricted to the beginning of the spreading and to transition periods.Four different types of spreading can be identified, namely spreading (i) with avery thin central liquid layer, (ii) as annular ring with central dry patch, (iii) intoa static equilibrium, and (iv) with closing of the central dry patch. In a flow map,these types of spreading are mapped as function of both static contact angles.Moreover, the dependency from gravitational and centrifugal forces is investigated and included in the flow map. For a perfectly–wetting system, a disjoiningpressure correction in combination with Tanner’s law prohibits negative liquidheights at the center. Hereby, the magnitudes of the Hamaker constants have anegligible influence and arbitrary–small values can be used, since the dynamicsof the contact line remains controlled by Tanner’s law.
Multi-Granularity Hypergraph Enhanced Hierarchical Neural Network Framework for Visual Classification
Authors: Jiang Jianjian , Chen Ziwei , Lei Fangyan , Xu Long , Huang Jiahao , Yuan Xiaochen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Fine-grained single-label classification tasks aim to distinguish highly similar categories but often overlook inter-category relationships. Hierarchical multi-granularity visual classification strives to categorize image labels at various hierarchy levels, offering optimize label selection for people. This paper addresses the hierarchical multi-granularity classification problem from two perspectives: (1) effective utilization of labels at different levels and (2) efficient learning to distinguish multi-granularity visual features. To tackle these issues,
we propose a novel multi-granularity hypergraph enhanced Hierarchical Neural Network (HNN) framework, seamlessly integrating swin transformers and hypergraph neural networks for handling visual classification tasks.
Firstly, we employ swin transformer as a Image Hierarchical Feature Learning (IHFL) module to capture hierarchical features. Secondly, a Feature Reassemble (FR) module is applied to rearrange features at different hierarchy levels, creating a spectrum of features from coarse to fine-grained. Thirdly, to unveil the correlation between features at different granularity, we propose a Feature Relationship Mining (FRM) module. Within this module, a learnable hypergraph modeling method is introduced to construct coarse to fine-grained hypergraph structures. Simultaneously, multi-granularity hypergraph neural networks are employed to explore grouping relationships feature in different granularity, enhancing semantic feature representation learning within the hypergraph space. Finally, we adopt a Multi-Granularity Classifier (MGC) to predict hierarchical label probabilities. Experimental results demonstrate that HNN outperforms other state-of-the-art classification methods across three multi-granularity datasets.
Assessing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine for Uncomplicated Malaria in Lagos, Nigeria: A Comprehensive Study on Treatment Response and Resistance Markers
Authors: Oyebola Kolapo M. , Ligali Funmilayo C. , Owoloye Afolabi J. , Aina Oluwagbemiga O. , Alo Yetunde M. , Erinwusi Blessing , Olufemi Michael J. , Salako Babatunde L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The burden of malaria persists in sub-Saharan Africa and the emergence of artemisinin resistance has introduced complexity to control efforts. Monitoring the efficacy of artemisinin-based treatment for malaria is crucial to address this challenge. This study assessed treatment efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates in a Nigerian population.
Methods
A total of 972 participants presenting at the health centre with clinical symptoms of uncomplicated malaria at the health center were screened for P. falciparum. Enrolled participants spanning three age groups (1–5, 6–14 and > 15 years), were treated with AL and monitored through scheduled check-up visits, clinical and laboratory examinations for 28 days. Parasite clearance and genetic diversity were assessed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of merozoite surface proteins (MSP1 and MSP2). The prevalence of drug resistance mutations was assessed by P. falciparum multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) genotyping followed by P. falciparum ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (UBP1) gene sequencing.
Results
The PCR-uncorrected treatment outcome revealed 94.4% adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) and 5.6% late parasitological failure (LPF) rates. After PCR correction, no suspected LPF case was detected and ACPR 67/67 (100%) was achieved in all the individuals. Moreover, a high prevalence of wild-type alleles for MDR1 N86Y (93.7%), and MDR1 D1246Y (87.5%) was observed. Genetic diversity analysis revealed predominant K1 allelic family for MSP1 (90.2%) and FC27 for MSP-2 (64.4%). Estimated multiplicity of infection (MOI) was 1.7, with the highest MOI observed in the 5–15 years age group. UBP1 sequence analysis identified one nonsynonymous E1528D polymorphism at a low frequency (1.6%).
Conclusion
The study demonstrated sustained efficacy of AL for treating uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. Genetic diversity analysis revealed various allelic types, suggesting occurrences of polyclonal infections. Nonetheless, the detection of a significant UBP1 polymorphism could have future implications for the epidemiology of antimalarial drug resistance in the population.
Multiscale Modelling and Characterization of Bonded Repaired Sandwich Composite Facing Sheet under Static Loading
Authors: Quader Niaz , Muthu Jacob 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Prediction of composite materials failure is a valuable resource for ensuring structural integrity of aerospace structures. For the experimental part of the study, the sandwich specimens were fabricated using two aluminum cores, a Nomex core sandwiched between tool-facing and bag-facing sheets. A damaged slot was introduced and thereafter repaired with filler and repaired plies on the tool-facing sheet. The bonded-repaired sandwich composite facing sheet specimens were tested using a four-point bending setup under static loading conditions. A Multiscale Modelling (MSM) approach was developed to characterize the failure of a bonded-repaired sandwich composite tool-facing sheet. The MSM approach bridged three different length scales such as micro, meso and macro scales. The data processing and information transfer between the scales was facilitated by Visual Basic Applications scripts. Comparisons of micro, meso and micro-scale results were presented for both MSM and experimentation to validate the proposed MSM failure characterization approach. Numerical and fractographical results from MSM and experimentation matched very well for all three scales. In conclusion, the MSM failure characterization approach performed well against the experiment. It presents an opportunity to use an alternative composite materials failure characterization method for future research.
Self-Management, Outness, Anxiety, Depression and Minority Stress in LGBTQ+ Adolescents: Results From an Online Survey
Authors: Town Rosa , Osborn Tom G. , Saunders Rob , Stapley Emily , Fonagy Peter , Hayes Daniel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims: Previous research has established a relationship between self-management and better emotional health. However, self-management has not been explored amongst LGBTQ+ adolescents, who are more likely to have a mental health difficulty than their non-LGBTQ+ peers, but less likely to access specialist mental health services. Furthermore, self-management has not been investigated as a mediator or a moderator of the established relationships between outness and minority stress and emotional health difficulties. This study aims to clarify the relationships between these topics to inform early interventions involving self-management.
Methods: Data were collected via an anonymous online survey on REDCap. Participants completed validated measures of outness, anxiety, depression, minority stress, and self-management, as well as demographics. Data were analysed in SPSS 25.
Results and Conclusions: 3,541 participants aged 16 to 25 completed all or part of the survey. Significant correlations were observed between outness and depression, self-management and anxiety/depression, and minority stress and anxiety/depression. Self-management significantly moderated the relationship between outness and depression. Self-management significantly mediated the relationship between minority stress and depression, but not anxiety. Greater capacity to self-manage had a larger impact on depression for participants experiencing low minority stress compared to those experiencing higher levels of minority stress. Future self-management interventions should consider targeting LGBTQ+ young people experiencing lower levels of minority stress. Greater financial support and systemic prioritisation of self-management interventions is needed, particularly for LGBTQ+ adolescents.
Improving the Rehabilitation of Individuals Admitted to England’s National Spinal Injuries Centre with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Falshaw Lawson , King Nigel , Cotter Imogen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Study Design:
Mixed methods service improvement project. Retrospective analysis of clinical documentation and qualitative focus group with clinicians.
Objectives
Although traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) often co-occur, many barriers have been found to identifying TBI in SCI rehabilitation and adapting treatment accordingly. This study aimed to compare the number of TBIs detected at the English National Spinal Injury Centre to figures found in previous research, and understand the barriers to adapting SCI rehabilitation in the presence of TBI.
Setting:
United Kingdom inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation unit.
Methods
This mixed methods study assessed the documentation at each stage of 88 patients’ treatment where a TBI could be detected and used to inform rehabilitation, and subsequently, a focus group was conducted with staff to explore the barriers to detecting TBI and adapting SCI rehabilitation.
Results
Results suggested that data related to TBI were inconsistently recorded, the number of TBIs at the Centre was lower than previous research, and several barriers were interpreted from the focus group.
Conclusions
TBI in SCI populations may be an invisible unmet need. Several barriers may exist which prevent clinicians from detecting TBI in this population and adapting rehabilitation accordingly. Findings have implications for rehabilitation for individuals with TBI and SCI admitted to the service.
Characteristics of Japanese adult esotropia: A retrospective evaluation of 105 patients undergoing esotropia surgery at Inoue Memorial Hospital.
Authors: Yokoyama Akiko 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate etiological factors, changes in alignment angle post-surgery, and binocular vision function improvement in Japanese adults with esotropia.
Methods: This retrospective study included 105 patients with esotropia who underwent surgery at our hospital. We reviewed the medical records to determine causes of esotropia; patient motivation for surgery; changes in alignment angle post-surgery; improvement in binocular vision function; and correlation between the operated muscle length and corrected eye alignment angle. The alternate prism cover test was performed to assess the angle of misalignment. Binocular vision function was evaluated using the Titmus Stereo Test, major amblyoscope, Bagolini striated lenses test, and afterimage test.
One-to-four muscle surgery, involving medial rectus muscle recession or lateral rectus muscle resection, was performed.
Results: The etiologies included acquired progressive esotropia with myopia (n=51); congenital esotropia (n=6); partial accommodative esotropia (n=5); cerebral infarction or cerebral breeding (n=5); sagging eye syndrome (SES; n=5); brain tumors (n=3); sensory esotropia (n=2); consecutive esotropia after exotropia surgery (n=2); face trauma (n=1); Duane syndrome (n=1); and unknown origin (n=24).
Eye alignment improved in all patients. However, four patients needed a second operation. Binocular vision function improved in patients with acquired progressive esotropia with myopia; partial accommodative esotropia; cerebral infarction or cerebral breeding; SES; and brain tumors. Binocular vision function was unchanged in patients with sensory and congenital esotropia.
Conclusion: Esotropia surgery in adults could lead to improved eye alignment and binocular vision function. However, patients with sensory esotropia and congenital esotropia were unable to acquire binocular vision function.
Generating higher order bright soliton pulse using Integrated Lithium Niobate Waveguides for higher end supercontinuum application
Authors: kumar S. Vengatesh , Nagarajan R. , babu S. Venkatesh , Ignatious J. Joseph 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The supercontinuum spectrum is generated through a wide range of wavelengths by sending a short and strong pulse to the nonlinear medium and sputtering at the output and is used in optical measurements, spectroscopy, biological imaging optical coherence photography, etc. Integrated photonics is an idea to realize low-cost and microscale communication, sensing, and fast computing methods. In addition, the miniaturization and integration of photonic structures make possible new designs and applications that are inaccessible in their large volumes. Lithium niobate is one of the most widely used and attractive materials in the field of photonics due to its extraordinary electro-optical, acoustic-optical, nonlinear optics, wide transparency window, and relatively high refractive index. In this work, a lithium niobate waveguide is designed by choosing basic solitons as the input pulse and considering various effects such as high-order scattering, self-phase modulation, second harmonic generation, Raman effect, self-downward effect, etc. The proposed waveguide has super-sustainable production. This supercontinuum spectrum is designed in the waveguide, for the 10th order bright soliton at a distance of 35 mm, 4 times the initial width, for the 20th order bright soliton at 9 mm, 4 times the initial width, and for the 30th order bright soliton at 4.5 mm, 5 times the initial pulse width in the frequency domain are created. Such dimensions are suitable for use in photonic integrated circuits.
Deformable Kernel Expansion Model for Efficient Arbitrary-shaped Scene Text Detection
Authors: He Tao , Huang Sheng , Tang Wenhao , Liu Bo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Scene text detection is a challenging computer vision task due to the high variation in text shapes and ratios.
In this work, we propose a real-time arbitrary-shaped scene text detector named Deformable Kernel Expansion (DKE), which incorporates the merits of both segmentation and contour-based detectors.
DKE employs a segmentation module to segment the shrunken text region as the text kernel,
then expands the kernel to obtain text boundary by regressing the vertex-wise offsets.
Generating the text kernel by segmentation enables DKE to inherit the arbitrary-shaped text region modeling capability of segmentation-based detectors.
Regressing the kernel with control points enables DKE to avoid the complicated pixel-level post-processing
and better learn contour deformation as the contour-based detectors. Moreover, we propose an Optimal Bipartite Graph Matching Loss that measures the matching error between the predicted points and the ground truth, which efficiently minimizes the global matching distance.
Extensive experiments on five standard benchmarks demonstrate that DKE achieves a good tradeoff between accuracy and efficiency in scene text detection.
Potential causal relationships between metabolites, immunophenotypes, and uveitis disease: A Mediation Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Hu Xiaoyan , Wu Jian , Zhang Yizheng , Meng Zhiyong , Ye Xingan , Zhang Chenming 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
There is substantial evidence that immune cells play a role in the pathogenesis of uveitis. Establishing causal relationships is challenging due to confounding biasing mechanisms of reverse causation and residual relationships.
Methods
Instrumental variables for 731 immune phenotypes, 1091 blood metabolites, and 309 metabolite ratios were derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analyses. The Integrated Epidemiology Unit (IEU) provides data on uveitis disease. A two-way Mendelian randomization study was performed to determine the relationship between exposure and outcome. Results were examined for robustness, potential heterogeneity, and horizontal pleiotropy through sensitivity analyses.
Results
High levels of CD3 on CM CD4+ were causally associated with an increased risk of uveitis (OR of IVW, 1.084; 95% CI, 1.032-1.139). This effect was found to be mediated through lower levels of phosphate to cysteine ​​ratio metabolites. Phosphate to cysteine ratio explained 8.56% (95% CI 0.593%, 16.5%) of the total effect of immune cell traits on uveitis.
Conclusions
Our study supports phosphate to cysteine ​​ratio as a mediating biomarker of CD3 on CM CD4+ effects in uveitis.
Rhizophagus irregularis combined with biochar can improve the saline-alkali tolerance and energy quality of switchgrass through osmoregulation and salt- tolerance gene expression
Authors: Wen Yuqiang , Xu Tianle , Qi Dandan , Chang wei , Li Kun , Fang Xiaoxu , Zhang Mengmeng , Ping Yuan , Song Fuqiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and biochar have potential applications in agriculture and ecological restoration. However, the effects of AMF combined with biochar on saline-alkali tolerance and bioenergy quality of plants under saline-alkali stress have yet to be thoroughly studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri) and biochar application alone or in combination on growth, osmoregulation, ion uptake, expression of genes related to saline-alkali tolerance, and energy quality of switchgrass under saline-alkali stress. The results showed as follows: (1) The biomass of switchgrass in Ri combined with biochar treatment group was significantly higher than that in single treatment group (P < 0.05); (2) Ri combined with biochar increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances, and affected the synthesis of plant hormones; (3) Combined treatment significantly increased the contents of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in leaves and roots, decreased the contents of Na+, and maintained high K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+ and Mg2+/Na+; (4) Combined treatment could significantly induce stress response, active oxygen scavenging, ion transport and overexpression of cellulose biosynthesis genes in switchgrass leaves and roots; (5) Ri combined with biochar increased cellulose, hemicellulose and calorific value of switchgrass, and decreased lignin and ash content. Our research results prove that Ri combined with biochar can further enhance the saline-alkali tolerance of switchgrass, improve the quality of plant energy, and provide a new idea for increasing the planting area and improving the quality of energy plants.