bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of a Balance Training Intervention in Reducing the Incidence of Noncontact Ankle Sprains in High School Football Players
Authors: McHugh Malachy P. , Tyler Timothy F. , Mirabella Michael R. , Mullaney Michael J. , Nicholas Stephen J. 
Published: March 2007

Background A high body mass index and previous ankle sprains have been shown to increase the risk of sustaining noncontact inversion ankle sprains in high school football players. Hypothesis Stability pad balance training reduces the incidence of noncontact inversion ankle sprains in football players with increased risk. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Height, body mass, history of previous ankle sprains, and current ankle brace/tape use were documented at the beginning of preseason training in 2 high school varsity football teams for 3 consecutive years (175 player-seasons). Players were categorized as minimal risk, low risk, moderate risk, and high risk based on the history of previous ankle sprain and body mass index. Players in the low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups (ie, any player with a high body mass index and/or a previous ankle sprain) were placed on a balance training intervention on a foam stability pad. Players balanced for 5 minutes on each leg, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks in preseason and twice per week during the season. Postintervention injury incidence was compared with preintervention incidence (107 players-seasons) for players with increased risk. Results Injury incidence for players with increased risk was 2.2 injuries per 1000 exposures (95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.8) before the intervention and 0.5 (95% confidence interval, 0.2-1.3) after the intervention (P < .01). This represents a 77% reduction in injury incidence (95% confidence interval, 31%-92%). Conclusion The increased risk of a noncontact inversion ankle sprain associated with a high body mass index and a previous ankle sprain was eliminated by the balance training intervention.
Influence of Modern Studded and Bladed Soccer Boots and Sidestep Cutting on Knee Loading during Match Play Conditions
Authors: Kaila Rajiv 
Published: March 2007

Background The influence of modern studded and bladed soccer boots and sidestep cutting on noncontact knee loading during match play conditions is not fully understood. Hypothesis Modern soccer boot type and sidestep cutting compared with straight-ahead running do not significantly influence knee internal tibia axial and valgus moments, anterior joint forces, and flexion angles. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Fifteen professional male outfield soccer players undertook trials of straight-ahead running and sidestep cutting at 30° and 60° with a controlled approach velocity on a Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) approved soccer surface. Two bladed and 2 studded soccer boots from 2 manufacturers were investigated. Three-dimensional inverse dynamics analysis determined externally applied internal/external tibia axial and valgus/varus moments, anterior forces, and flexion angles throughout stance. Results The soccer boot type imparted no significant difference on knee loading for each maneuver. Internal tibia and valgus moments were significantly greater for sidestep cutting at 30° and 60° compared with straight-ahead running. Sidestep cutting at 60° compared with straight-ahead running significantly increased anterior joint forces. Conclusion Varying soccer boot type had no effect on knee loading for each maneuver, but sidestep cutting significantly increased internal tibia and valgus moments and anterior joint forces. Clinical Relevance Sidestep cutting, irrespective of the modern soccer boot type worn, may be implicated in the high incidence of noncontact soccer anterior cruciate ligament injuries by significantly altering knee loading.
Failure Strengths in Distal Biceps Tendon Repair
Authors: Kettler Mark , Lunger Josef , Kuhn Volker , Mutschler Wulf , Tingart Markus J. 
Published: March 2007

Background Surgical repair is the most favored treatment for a rupture of the distal biceps tendon. A variety of techniques have been described for distal biceps tendon reattachment, including transosseous sutures, suture anchors, interference screws, and an EndoButton-based technique. Hypothesis EndoButton and suture anchor have initially stronger fixation strengths than do transosseous sutures, allowing early postoperative rehabilitation. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Single loads to failure and mode of failure of 13 different fixation techniques were determined using 130 human cadaveric elbows. Quantitative computer tomography was performed to exclude differences in bone mineral density as an affecting factor. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess differences in failure load between repair techniques. Results The EndoButton-based technique showed a significantly higher failure load (259 ± 28 N) than did all other techniques (P < .05). No significant differences were seen between the transosseous suture technique (210 ± 29 N) and most other techniques (P > .05). Failure loads of the TwinFix-QuickT (57 ± 29 N) and Biocuff screw (105 ± 28 N) were significantly lower than those of all other repairs (P < .05). Conclusion Significant differences exist in failure loads and modes of failure for the different repair techniques after rupture of the distal biceps tendon. Clinical Relevance The transosseous technique is still a sufficient and cost-saving procedure for repair of the distal biceps tendon. TwinFix-QuickT 5.0 mm and Biocuff screw 5.7 mm had significantly lower failure loads, which might affect early rehabilitation, particularly in patients with poor bone quality.
Enhanced erythro-phagocytosis in polycythemic mice overexpressing erythropoietin
Authors: Bogdanova Anna , Mihov Deyan , Lutz Hans , Saam Bianca , Gassmann Max , Vogel Johannes 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAdaptive mechanisms to hematocrit levels of 0.9 in our erythropoietin-overexpressing mice (tg6) include increased plasma nitric oxide levels and erythrocyte flexibility. Doubled reticulocyte counts in tg6 suggest an increased erythrocyte turnover. Here we show that compared with wild-type (wt) animals, erythrocyte lifespan in tg6 is 70% lower in tg6 mice. Transgenic mice have a younger erythrocyte population as indicated by higher intercellular water and potassium content, higher flexibility, decreased density, increased surface to volume ratio, and decreased osmotic fragility. Interestingly, despite being younger, the tg6 erythrocyte population also harbors characteristics of accelerated aging such as an increased band 4.1a to 4.1b ratio, signs of oxidative stress, or decreased surface CD47 and sialic acids. In tg6, in vivo tracking of PKH26-labeled erythrocytes revealed dramatically increased erythrocyte incorporation by their liver macrophages. In vitro experiments showed that tg6 macrophages are more active than wt macrophages and that tg6 erythrocytes are more attractive for macrophages than wt ones. In conclusion, in tg6 mice erythrocyte aging is accelerated, which results, together with an increased number and activity of their macrophages, in enhanced erythrocyte clearance. Our data points toward a new mechanism down-regulating red cell mass in excessive erythrocytosis in mice.
Local genetic and environmental factors in asthma disease pathogenesis: chronicity and persistence mechanisms
Authors: Holgate S. T. , Davies D. E. , Powell R. M. , Howarth P. H. , Haitchi H. M. , Holloway J. W. 
Published: March 2007

While asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airways usually associated with atopy, an important additional component is involvement of the epithelium and underlying mesenchyme acting as a trophic unit (EMTU).In addition to allergens, a wide range of environmental factors interact with the EMTU, such as virus infections, environmental tobacco smoke and pollutants, to initiate tissue damage and aberrant repair responses that are translated into remodelling of the airways. While candidate gene association studies have revealed polymorphic variants that influence asthmatic inflammation, positional cloning of previously unknown genes is identifying a high proportion of novel genes in the EMTU.Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 10 and disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)33 are newly identified genes strongly associated with asthma that are preferentially expressed in the airway epithelium and underlying mesenchyme, respectively.Also of increasing importance is the recognition that genes associated with asthma and atopy have important interactions with the environment through epigenetic mechanisms that influence their expression. This type of research will not only identify biomarkers of different types of asthma across the full range of phenotypic expression, but will also identify novel therapeutic targets that could influence the natural history of the heterogenes lung disease.
Social problem-solving plus psychoeducation for adults with personality disorder
Authors: Huband Nick , McMurran Mary , Evans Chris , Duggan Conor 
Published: March 2007

BackgroundSocial problem-solving therapy may be relevant in the treatment of personality disorder, although assessments of its effectiveness are uncommon.AimsTo determine the effectiveness of a problem-solving intervention for adults with personality disorder in the community under conditions resembling routine clinical practice.MethodParticipants were randomly allocated to brief psychoeducation plus 16 problem-solving group sessions (n=87) or to waiting-list control (n=89). Primary outcome was comparison of scores on the Social Problem Solving Inventory and the Social Functioning Questionnaire between intervention and control arms at the conclusion of treatment, on average at 24 weeks after randomisation.ResultsIn intention-to-treat analysis, those allocated to intervention showed significantly better problem-solving skills (P < 0.001), higher overall social functioning (P=0.031) and lower anger expression (P=0.039) compared with controls. No significant differences were found on use of services during the intervention period.ConclusionsProblem-solving plus psychoeducation has potential as a preliminary intervention for adults with personality disorder.
Psychiatric disorder among British children looked after by local authorities: Comparison with children living in private households
Authors: Ford Tamsin , Vostanis Panos , Meltzer Howard , Goodman Robert 
Published: March 2007

BackgroundChildren looked after by local authorities are at higher risk of poor psychosocial outcomes than children living in private households, but nationally representative and random samples of the two groups of children have not previously been compared.AimsTo find explanations for the increased prevalence of psychiatric disorder in children looked after by local authorities.MethodWe examined socio-demographic characteristics and psychopathology by type of placement among children looked after in Britain by local authorities (n = 1453), and compared these children with deprived and non-deprived children living in private households (n = 10 428).ResultsChildren looked after by local authorities had higher levels of psychopathology, educational difficulties and neurodevelopmental disorders, and ‘looked after’ status was independently associated with nearly all types of psychiatric disorder after adjusting for these educational and physical factors. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder was particularly high among those living in residential care and with many recent changes of placement.ConclusionsOur findings indicate a need for greater support of this vulnerable group of children.
Association between trauma exposure and delusional experiences in a large community-based sample
Authors: Scott James , Chant David , Andrews Gavin , Martin Graham , McGrath John 
Published: March 2007

BackgroundSurveys have found that otherwise well individuals report delusional experiences. Previous studies have shown an association between psychotic symptoms and exposure to trauma.AimsTo explore the association between trauma and delusional experiences in a community sample.MethodRespondents (n = 10 641) were assessed for delusional experiences, exposure to various types of traumatic experiences and the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The endorsement of delusional items was examined in people exposed to traumatic events who did or did not have PTSD.ResultsExposure to any traumatic event but without the development of PTSD was associated with increased endorsement of delusional experiences (relative risk 2.68, 95% CI 2.18–3.30) and there was a significant dose–response relationship between the number of types of traumatic events and endorsement of such experiences (χ2 =26.74, d.f. =2, P < 0.001). A diagnosis of PTSD further increased endorsement of delusional experiences (RR = 9.24, 95% CI 6.95–12.27). The association between PTSD and delusional experiences remained significant after adjusting for factors associated with psychotic symptoms.ConclusionsFurther investigation into the pathways between trauma, delusions and psychosis may provide insights into shared aetiological mechanisms underpinning these conditions.
Effect of comorbid anxiety on treatment response and relapse risk in late-life depression: controlled study
Authors: Andreescu Carmen , Lenze Eric J. , Dew Mary Amanda , Begley Amy E. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Dombrovski Alexandre Y. , Pollock Bruce G. , Stack Jacqueline , Miller Mark D. , Reynolds Charles F. 
Published: March 2007

BackgroundComorbid anxiety is common in depressive disorders in both middle and late life, and it affects response to antidepressant treatment.AimsTo examine whether anxiety symptoms predict acute and maintenance (2 years) treatment response in late-life depression.MethodData were drawn from a randomised double-blind study of pharmacotherapy and interpersonal psychotherapy for patients age 70 years and over with major depression. Anxiety symptoms were measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory. Survival analysis tested the effect of pre-treatment anxiety on response and recurrence.ResultsPatients with greater pre-treatment anxiety took longer to respond to treatment and had higher rates of recurrence. Actuarial recurrence rates were 29% (pharmacotherapy, lower anxiety), 58% (pharmacotherapy, higher anxiety), 54% (placebo, lower anxiety) and 81% (placebo, higher anxiety).ConclusionsImproved identification and management of anxiety in late-life depression are needed to achieve response and stabilise recovery.
Enduring consequences of terrorism: 7-month follow-up survey of reactions to the bombings in London on 7 July 2005
Authors: Rubin G. James , Brewin Chris R. , Greenberg Neil , Hughes Jamie Hacker , Simpson John , Wessely Simon 
Published: March 2007

BackgroundTerrorist attacks can have psychological effects on the general public.AimsTo assess the medium-term effects of the July 2005 London bombings on the general population in London and to identify risk factors for persistent effects.MethodWe telephoned 1010 Londoners 11–13 days after the bombings to assess stress levels, perceived threat and travel intentions. Seven months later, 574 respondents were contacted again and asked similar questions, and questions concerning altered perceptions of self and the world.Results‘Substantial stress' (11%), perceived threat to self (43%) and reductions in travel because of the bombings (19%) persisted at a reduced level; other perceived threats remained unchanged. A more negative world view was common. Other than degree of exposure to the bombings, there were no consistent predictors of which people with short-term reactions would develop persistent reactions.ConclusionsA longer-term impact of terrorism on the perceptions and behaviour of Londoners was documented.
Lithium and risk for Alzheimer's disease in elderly patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Nunes Paula V. , Forlenza Orestes V. , Gattaz Wagner F. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryBipolar disorder is associated with increased risk for dementia. We compared the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease between 66 elderly euthymic patients with bipolar disorder who were on chronic lithium therapy and 48 similar patients without recent lithium therapy. The prevalence of dementia in the whole sample was 19% v. 7% in an age-comparable population. Alzheimer's disease was diagnosed in 3 patients (5%) on lithium and in 16 patients (33%) who were not on lithium (P < 0.001). Our case-control data suggest that lithium treatment reduced the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in patients with bipolar disorder to levels in the general elderly population. This is in accordance with reports that lithium inhibits crucial processes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Does Ovarian Cancer Treatment and Survival Differ by the Specialty Providing Chemotherapy?
Authors: Silber Jeffrey H. , Rosenbaum Paul R. , Polsky Daniel , Ross Richard N. , Even-Shoshan Orit , Schwartz J. Sanford , Armstrong Katrina A. , Randall Thomas C. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose Chemotherapy for ovarian cancer is usually administered by medical oncologists (MOs) or gynecologic oncologists (GOs). GOs perform a broad spectrum of surgical and medical activities while managing a limited number of diseases; MOs specialize in the administration of chemotherapy but manage a broad array of diseases. We asked whether survival, treatment, and toxicity differed according to the type of specialist providing the chemotherapy after surgery. Patients and Methods Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) -Medicare data for patients ≥ 65 years old from 1991 through 2001 from eight SEER sites, we identified 344 patients with ovarian cancer who were treated with chemotherapy by a GO after surgery. Using optimal matching and propensity scores based on 36 characteristics, we matched these patients to 344 similar patients who were operated on and staged by the same type of surgeon but who received chemotherapy from an MO. Results MOs administered chemotherapy over more weeks than did the GOs (16.5 v 12.1 weeks, respectively; P < .0023), and MO patients had substantially more weeks that included chemotherapy-associated adverse events than GO patients (16.2 v 8.9 weeks, respectively; P < .0001). However, there was no difference in 5-year survival rate between the GO and MO groups (35% v 34%, respectively; P = .45). Conclusion GO- and MO-treated patients who were closely matched on prognostic characteristics experienced very different rates of chemotherapy-associated adverse events and very different chemotherapy treatment styles by specialty type; however, their survival was virtually identical.
Activated Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway Is a Key Related Prognostic Parameter in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Hess Corine J. , Berkhof Johannes , Denkers Fedor , Ossenkoppele Gert J. , Schouten Jan P. , Oudejans Joost J. , Waisfisz Quinten , Schuurhuis Gerrit J. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose By parallel assessment of multiple apoptosis-related transcripts, we aimed to refine the current concept of apoptosis resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and identify the combination of genes best predicting overall survival (OS). Patients and Methods The reverse transcriptase multiplex ligation–dependent probe amplification technique was used for simultaneous quantification of 31 apoptosis-related transcripts in viable (7AAD–/AnnexinV–) blasts (CD45dim) from bone marrow aspirates of 120 newly diagnosed AML patients. By forward selection, a prognosis-predicting gene expression profile was constructed. The predictive validity of this profile was assessed by cross validation. Results High transcript levels were associated with poor OS for seven of 31 genes, three of which were proapoptotic. The average expression of all 12 antiapoptotic genes was associated with poor OS (P = .029). A similar association with poor OS was found for the average expression of all 19 proapoptotic genes (P = .009). Forward selection and cross validation revealed the antiapoptotic gene BIRC3 and the proapoptotic genes BAX-(l) and BMF to optimally predict OS. Three equally sized patient groups, constructed by ranking the cross-validated prognoses of the patients, were clearly distinct (median OS times were 8.2, 16.7, and 85.6 months). Conclusion High expression of both pro- and antiapoptotic genes predicted poor OS, which postulates a mechanism of activation of the apoptosis pathway as a whole. This mechanism, which culminates in a three-gene expression signature, allows accurate clinical outcome prediction in AML and puts efforts to target single antiapoptosis genes in a new perspective.
Regression After Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases Correlates With Survival and Improved Neurocognitive Function
Authors: Li Jing , Bentzen Soren M. , Renschler Markus , Mehta Minesh P. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose Brain metastasis (BM) is a major cause of suffering and health costs in cancer patients. Whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) offers tumor shrinking and palliation in many cases, but it has been speculated that these benefits may be outweighed by adverse effects on neurocognitive function (NCF). Patients and Methods Two hundred eight BM patients from the WBRT arm of phase III trial PCI-P120-9801 evaluating motexafin gadolinium were analyzed. NCF, assessed by tests of memory, executive function, and fine motor coordination, was correlated to magnetic resonance imaging–measured BM volume. NCF and survival were compared in 135 patients assessable at 2 months with tumor shrinkage below (poor responders) and above (good responders) the population median (45%). Mean NCF scores and BM volume at 4 and 15 months were compared. Results Good responders experienced a significantly improved survival (unidirectional P = .03). For all tests, the median time to NCF deterioration was longer in good compared with poor responders, with statistical significance seen for Trailmaking B (executive function), and two Pegboard tests (fine motor). In long-term survivors, tumor shrinkage significantly correlated with preservation of executive function and fine motor coordination (r = 0.68 to 0.88). During the early follow-up period, the population mean NCF scores were dominated by patients with progressive disease. A small subset of 15-month survivors had stable or improving scores, and greater mean BM reduction. Conclusion WBRT-induced tumor shrinkage correlates with better survival and NCF preservation. NCF is stable or improved in long-term survivors. Tumor progression adversely affects NCF more than WBRT does, thus making enhancement of radiation response a worthwhile aim in this patient population.
Dual Task Performance in Children With Tourette Syndrome: Controlling for Comorbid ADHD
Authors: De Monte Veronica E. , Geffen Gina , Carroll Annemaree , Bailey Maggie , Campling Naomi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDual task performance in children with Tourette Syndrome (TS) was studied. The participants were children with TS (N = 48, 40 male, 8 female), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; mixed types N = 44, 34 male, 10 female) and unaffected controls (N = 48, 34 male, 14 female). Eleven of the TS participants had no comorbidities (TS only) and they were compared to matched groups of participants with TS plus comorbidities (TS+), ADHD, and controls. Each participant was administered screening measures of behaviour, intelligence and verbal ability, as well as specific tests of dual task performance. Children with TS-only correctly recalled fewer digit span forward trials, and identified fewer spaceship pairs than controls under single task conditions in the SkySearch subtest of the Test of Everyday Attention for Children. However, the TS-only and control groups showed better counting performance while simultaneously searching for targets, than the TS+ and ADHD groups. Taken together, these results suggest that some previously reported cognitive deficits in children with TS are due to comorbidities, rather than to the syndrome itself.