bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative administration of antimicrobials associated with elective surgery for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs: 83 cases (2003–2005)
Authors: Weese J. Scott , Halling Krista B. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate perioperative antimicrobial use associated with elective surgery for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—83 dogs.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed and antimicrobial use practices were evaluated for dogs with no other problems that would affect antimicrobial use decisions.
Results—Antimicrobials were administered before or during surgery to 75 of 83 (90%) dogs. Timing of administration with respect to first incision, intraoperative administration, and duration of administration were variable. Antimicrobial administration began after surgery in 3 (3.6%) dogs. Fifty-five of 65 (85%) dogs treated before surgery received the first dose within 60 minutes of the first incision. Time from first antimicrobial administration to closure of the incision ranged from 15 to 285 minutes (mean ± SD, 141 ± 53 minutes). If a guideline of repeated administration every 2 hours after first administration until closure of the surgical site was used, 22 of 43 (51%) dogs received the required intraoperative dose, whereas 6 of 32 (19%) dogs that did not require intraoperative treatment were treated. Twenty-four (29%) dogs received antimicrobials after surgery.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Certain discrepancies between antimicrobial use practices in this study and standard guidelines used in human medicine were evident.
Adult‐onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy with autonomic symptoms restricted to 1.5 Mbp on chromosome 5q23
Authors: Marklund Lena , Melin Malin , Melberg Atle , Giedraitis Vilmantas , Dahl Niklas 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAutosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) with autonomic symptoms is a slowly progressive leukodystrophy with an onset in the 4th to 6th decade of life. Early symptoms are derived from the autonomic nervous system with bladder dysfunction in the majority of patients. The disease progresses slowly with loss of fine motor skills, ataxia, and affected individuals may survive for two decades after onset of symptoms. The molecular basis behind ADLD remains unknown but the causative locus was previously mapped to a 4 cM region on chromosome 5. We have recently identified a large family of Swedish origin with this type of ADLD. Linkage analysis on samples from family members confirmed linkage to 5q23 and supports genetic homogeneity for the disease. We fine mapped and localized the ADLD gene to a 0.96 cM region between D5S1495 and CTT/CCT15. A maximum parametric multipoint location score of 9.45 was obtained for a position at the marker CTT55. From our results we conclude that the ADLD gene locus is restricted to a 1.47 Mbp interval containing 13 known or putative genes. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Materialien für den resonanten Fluoreszenzenergietransfer (FRET): jenseits klassischer Donor‐Acceptor‐Kombinationen
Authors: Sapsford Kim E. , Berti Lorenzo , Medintz Igor L. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractDer resonante Förster‐ oder Fluoreszenzenergietransfer (FRET) wird seit über 50 Jahren als Grundlage spektroskopischer Techniken genutzt. Eine Suche im ISI Web of Science mit dem Begriff “FRET” liefert mehr als 2300 Literaturzitate aus so unterschiedlichen Bereichen wie Strukturaufklärung biologischer Moleküle, In‐vitro‐Tests, In‐vivo‐Überwachung in zellulären Systemen, Nucleinsäureanalysen, Signaltransduktion, lichtsammelnde und metallische Nanomaterialien etc. Der entscheidende Faktor für die weite Verbreitung von FRET‐Methoden war und ist die Entwicklung von neuartigen Fluorophortypen einschließlich Nanokristallen, Nanopartikeln, Polymeren und genetisch codierten Proteinen, zusammen mit der Einführung hochentwickelter Apparaturen. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen kritischen Überblick über die Hauptklassen fluorophorer Materialien, die als Donoren, Acceptoren oder beides in FRET‐Anordnungen dienen können. Insbesondere betrachten wir die Vorteile und Grenzen dieser Materialien und ihrer Kombinationen sowie die verfügbaren Verfahren zur Biokonjugation.
Effektiver Algorithmus zur Lösung von inversen Aufgabenstellungen – Anwendung in der Geomechanik
Authors: Meier Jörg , Rudolph Sebastian , Schanz Tom 
Published: July 2006

AbstractDurch den Einsatz von numerischen Modellen für ingenieurtechnische Problemstellungen, wie z. B. der FEM oder der FDM, können zunehmend komplexere Berechnungen in immer kürzerer Zeit bewältigt werden. Gleichzeitig ergibt sich jedoch bei dem Einsatz dieser Werkzeuge der Bedarf an Werten für die verschiedenen Modellparameter, von rein konstitutiven Kennwerten bis hin zu geometrischen Angaben, für deren Bestimmung zunehmend inverse Verfahren Anwendung finden. Bei der Nutzung dieser Methoden ist jedoch – insbesondere bei komplizierten Simulationen – mit sehr langen Berechnungszeiten zu rechnen. Gegenstand dieses Beitrags ist die Vorstellung einer Verfahrensklasse, die eine Abschätzung der Lösung solcher inverser Aufgaben auf der Basis von relativ wenigen Stützstellen ermöglicht. An die Verteilung der Stützstellen werden geringste Anforderungen gestellt, so daß diese wahlweise aus vorhergehenden Simulationen oder auch aus alternativen Quellen stammen können.Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags soll ausgehend von einer Einführung in den theoretischen Ansatz eine Strategie zur Beschleunigung der Lösung von inversen Problemstellungen und Optimierungsaufgaben an einem Beispiel aus dem Gebiet der Geomechanik vorgestellt werden.
Multicomponent One‐pot Diastereoselective Synthesis of Biologically Important Scaffold under Microwaves
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Singh Ruby , Sarawgi Pritima , Khaturia Sarita 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA simple and fast three‐component diastereoselective synthesis of biologically important spiro scaffold 4 was carried out in reasonable purity starting from readily available 1H‐indole‐2,3‐dione 1, ethyl cyanoacetate 2 and 4‐hydroxycoumarin 3 under microwave in high yield (88%–92%) and short time.
Synthesis and Characterization of 8‐Hydroxyquinoline Derivative Containing a Triphenylamine Unit and Its Metal Complexes
Authors: Jing Hui‐Lian , Zeng He‐Ping , Zhou Ya‐Dong , Wang Ting‐Ting , Yuan Guo‐Zan , Ouyang Xin‐Hua 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA new 8‐hydroxyquinoline derivative (5) was synthesized and characterized by ESI‐MS, 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The photophysical properties of compounds 5, 6 and 7 were also detemined by UV‐vis and FL spectroscopy. The vibrational frequency of ligand 5 predicted by using B3LYP method is in good agreement with experimentally determined values. The compositions of the corresponding copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes were confirmed to be Cu(C29H21N2O)2·H2O (6) and Zn(C29H21N2O)2·H2O (7) by elementary analysis, thermogravimetry analysis and IR spectroscopy.
Prognostic variability among nonsmall cell lung cancer patients with pathologic N1 lymph node involvement
Authors: Caldarella Adele , Crocetti Emanuele , Comin Camilla E. , Janni Alberto , Lopes Pegna Andrea , Paci Eugenio 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Patients who have nonsmall cell lung cancer with N1 lymph node status are an intermediate group of patients who have a variable prognosis. Differences in lymph node level (hilar or pulmonary lymph nodes) may influence patient survival. The authors retrospectively analyzed the factors that influenced prognosis, including the level of N1 lymph node involvement.METHODS.The authors used the Tuscan Cancer Registry archives to retrieve records on 2523 patients who had lung tumors diagnosed during the period from 1996 and 1998 in the provinces of Florence and Prato, central Italy. To analyze the survival of patients according to the level of lymph node involvement, the prognoses of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer who had N1 lymph node status were compared in a population‐based case series. Among 112 patients with pathologic N1 status, the following variables were analyzed for their influence on postoperative survival: gender, age, cell type, pathologic tumor status, the number of metastatic lymph nodes, the level of metastatic lymph nodes (hilar or pulmonary), and the type of surgical resection.RESULTS.The 5‐year survival rates for patients who had involvement of pulmonary and hilar lymph nodes were 41.2% and 21.8%, respectively (P= .005). A Cox proportional hazards model analysis indicated that the presence of hilar lymph node involvement was an independent prognostic factor.CONCLUSIONS.N1 pathologic lymph node status was identified in a combination of subgroups with different prognoses, and the presence of hilar lymph node disease had prognostic significance. This difference in survival may lead to the use of different therapies for these subgroups of patients with pathologic N1 nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
COX‐2 upregulation in thymomas and thymic carcinomas
Authors: Rieker Ralf J. , Joos Stefan , Mechtersheimer Gunhild , Blaeker Hendrik , Schnabel Philipp A. , Morresi‐Hauf Alicia , Hecker Erich , Thomas Michael , Dienemann Hendrik , Schirmacher Peter , Kern Michael A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe treatment of advanced stage thymomas and thymic carcinomas is a multimodal therapy. New therapeutic targets are currently under investigation, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as well as KIT. A number of studies have shown protumorigenic potential of Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in a variety of human malignancies, but so far it is unknown whether COX‐2 is expressed in primary malignancies of the thymus. Using tissue microarrays, the expression of COX‐2, microsomal‐PGES‐1 and ‐PGES‐2 (mPGES‐1 and mPGES‐2), as well as EGFR was evaluated in different subtypes of thymoma and thymic carcinomas. COX‐2 was expressed in all subtypes as determined by immunohistochemistry. Some cases of type B2 and thymic carcinomas had COX‐2 staining levels classified as mild to moderate. However, when measuring the optical color intensity, no significant differences could be detected. Concerning the expression levels, a weak correlation between the expression of COX‐2, mPGES‐1 and mPGES‐2 as well as EGFR was found. Furthermore, additional cases of thymomas and thymic carcinomas were analyzed by COX‐2 Western immunoblot analysis and were compared to normal thymi. The analysis showed that thymomas and thymic carcinomas had a significantly stronger COX‐2 expression than that of the normal thymi (p < 0.04). In summary, COX‐2 is expressed in all subtypes of thymomas and thymic carcinomas and thus represents, in addition to EGFR and KIT, a potential therapeutic target. Further studies are needed in order to determine whether a combined therapy using COX‐2 inhibitors in addition to the evolving anti‐EGFR antibody therapy may be considered as a treatment option. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenosine upregulates CXCR4 and enhances the proliferative and migratory responses of human carcinoma cells to CXCL12/SDF‐1α
Authors: Richard Cynthia Lee , Tan Ernest Yoh , Blay Jonathan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe level of expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been shown to play a crucial role in determining the ability of cancer cells to metastasize from the primary tumor and become established in tissue sites that are rich in the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12/SDF‐1α. High CXCR4 expression on cancer cells is associated with an increased risk of recurrence and poorer overall survival. We propose that local tissue mediators within the primary tumor or at secondary sites may modulate the level of CXCR4 expression and, therefore, potentially affect the ability of the cancer cells to metastasize. The purine nucleoside adenine‐9‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside (adenosine) is generated at high concentrations within the extracellular fluid of solid tumors because of their hypoxia. We show here that adenosine acts through A2Aand A2Badenosine receptors on human colorectal carcinoma cells to upregulate CXCR4 mRNA expression up to 10‐fold and selectively increases cell‐surface CXCR4 protein up to 3‐fold. This increase in cell‐surface CXCR4 enables the carcinoma cells to migrate toward CXCL12, and enhances their proliferation in response to CXCL12. Adenosine may therefore be one of the factors within the tumor microenvironment that facilitates tumor dissemination, by upregulating CXCR4 on certain cancer cells and enhancing cellular responses to CXCL12. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion of steels by thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria
Authors: Alfaro‐Cuevas‐Villanueva R. , Cortes‐Martinez R. , García‐Díaz J. J. , Galvan‐Martinez R. , Torres‐Sanchez R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBacterial influenced corrosion of AISI 316 stainless steels (SS) and ASTM A36 carbon steel by two strains of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) were analyzed. Thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria were isolated from the condensate fluid of “Los Azufres”, a geothermal electric field located in the State of Michoacan at Central Mexico. Anaerobic corrosion tests were carried out for 15, 30 and 60 days in lactate‐containing media at 50 °C and 40 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine corrosion morphology. Pitting density was determined with an optical microscope. Corrosion potential, anodic potentiodynamic polarization curves and pH values were measured under anaerobic conditions. Results show that the microbial activity influenced the overall corrosion process, whereas, pitting corrosion and localized attack corrosion (LAC) were found. The anodic polarization curves show that passivation and activation processes should take place on the steel surface of the sample and pH decreases as the exposure time increases.
Static susceptibility effects in balanced SSFP sequences
Authors: Ganter Carl 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe steady state of balanced steady–state free precession (b–SSFP) sequences in presence of field inhomogeneities can be expressed in terms of a rapidly convergent series, which contains the characteristic function of the susceptibility related phase variations. As long as the intravoxel standard deviation σ of the accumulated phase per repetition time (TR) is of order 1 (radians) or lower, the signal at TE=TR/2 behaves like a spin echo (SE), in accordance with recent observations. The signal decays quadratically around the maximum near TR/2 with a curvature, which solely depends on σ and not on T′2. For larger σ, a qualitative change toward a gradient echo (GRE) occurs and the signal shows characteristics of an usual FID. With increasing off–resonance the width of the SE regime decreases. Magn Reson Med 56:, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization and tensile properties of ternary blends with PA‐6 nanocomposites
Authors: Contreras V. , Cafiero M. , Da Silva S. , Rosales C. , Perera R. , Matos M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn the present work, the effectiveness of using a styrene/ethylene–butylene/styrene rubber grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) as toughening material in ternary blends with two polyamide‐6 nanocomposites or PP with different molecular weight as matrix phases was evaluated in terms of SEM and TEM morphology, WAXD, capillary rheometry, and tensile properties determination. Two metallocene polyethylenes and two polypropylenes were used as the dispersed phase in these ternary blends, and the effect of the comonomer contents in the former was also evaluated. Results showed that the blends prepared with metallocene polyethylenes are tougher than those prepared with PP as the dispersed phase and no significant changes in the Young's modulus or tensile strength were observed when changing the type of metallocene polyethylenes used. When a blend of SEBS/SEBS‐g‐MA instead of SEBS‐g‐MA alone was used as a compatibilizing agent in the ternary PA‐6 nanocomposite blends, a major decrease in the Young's modulus and tensile strength and a higher toughness were observed. The formation of PA‐OMMT particle clusters seems to improve the toughness/stiffness balance. These results are related to the degree of clay dispersion in the polyamide and to the type of morphology developed in the different blends. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:1111–1120, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Rural mobility as a response to land shortages: the case of Malawi
Authors: Potts Deborah 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMalawi is the most densely populated country in southern Africa, and its economy and the livelihoods of the vast majority of its people are dependent on agriculture. Rural land is, therefore, a critical resource. Malawi is divided into three Regions and during the colonial period, such economic development as did occur tended to be concentrated in the Southern Region. The Northern Region was often characterised, by contrast, as the ‘dead North’. Levels of economic development in the Central Region fell between the other two regions. At independence in the 1960s, internal migration patterns reflected this, with net in‐migration to the Southern Region and net out‐migration from the Northern. In the 40 years since, there have been marked changes in these patterns, and in the last intercensal period, 1987–1998, the Northern Region was experiencing net in‐migration from the Southern Region, and was the fastest growing region. This paper traces these changes over time through analysis of census data, and relates them to increasingly serious land shortages in the south and the geography of tobacco estate development since independence. This analysis is further supported by a range of other surveys and research which indicate the depth of land shortage and rural poverty in the south of the country. The paper concludes that rural–rural migration, although under‐studied, particularly in southern Africa, is a vitally important aspect of rural livelihood change and positive adaptation in sub‐Saharan Africa which deserves more attention. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature stability and linear magnetic field response of the magnetoresistance in Ag0.07–La0.67Sr0.13Ag0.08Ä0.12MnO3 composite
Authors: Tang G. D. , Liu X. M. , Li Z. Z. , Hou D. L. , Zhao X. , Liu L. H. , Qi W. H. , Yu Y. , Yu R. C. , Jin C. Q. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractComposite bulk polycrystalline samples of Agδ –La0.67Sr0.33–x –y Agx –δ Δy +δ MnO3 (x = 0.00, 0.15, 0.20, y = 0.00; and x = 0.15, y = 0.03, 0.05, with Δ representing cation vacancy at La site) were successfully synthesized using the sol–gel method. It is found that there are two phases in the samples, a cubic structure Ag phase and a perovskite phase. An experimental method for estimating the Ag phase content δ in the samples is presented. The Ag content x – δ and the cation vacancy y + δ were calculated. The Ag phase content and the lattice parameters of the two phases were also investigated using the Rietveld refinement method. The Ag phase contents obtained from the two methods are very close. The influences of x – δ and y + δ on the lattice parameters of the perovskite phase, the Curie temperature (T C), the metallic–semiconducting transition temperature (T MI), the magnetoresistance (MR), the peak temperature (T MR) of the MR, and the temperature stability of the MR of the samples were examined. The Mn–O bond length L B of the perovskite phase increases with increasing x – δ . However T C, T MI, and T MR decrease with increasing L B. For the sample Ag0.07–La0.67Sr0.13Ag0.08Δ0.12MnO3, under an applied magnetic field of 1.8 T, the MR is stable (9.41 ± 0.32%) in the temperature range 275–305 K; the MR increases linearly with magnetic field up to 1.5 T; and the change of MR with magnetic field, S MR = d(MR)/d(μ 0H ), is as high as about 5.2%/T. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
One‐dimensional surface states induced by segregated impurities at transition‐metal surfaces
Authors: Trimarchi G. , Binggeli N. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractUsing ab initio pseudopotential calculations, we have investigated the atomic and electronic structure of a c (3√2 × √2) striped reconstruction, induced by segregated C impurities, at the Fe(001) surface. The segregated C atoms form zigzag chains, which in turn produce one‐dimensional Fe surface states near the Fermi energy. We address the influence of the C chains on the local surface atomic geometry, local electrostatic potential, and local density of states, and discuss the formation mechanism of the one‐dimensional surface states. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tuning the Schottky barrier height in metal–alkaline earth oxide interfaces
Authors: Nuñez Matías , Nardelli M. Buongiorno 
Published: July 2006

AbstractUsing calculations from first principles we have demonstrated that it is possible to tune the Schottky Barrier Height in a metal–alkaline earth oxide interface by manipulating the microscopic and macroscopic dipoles that naturally form at the junction between the two materials. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preface: phys. stat. sol. (b) 243/9
Authors: Chelikowsky James , Demkov Alex 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe following 21 papers were presented at the 1st Institute for the Theory of Advanced Materials in Information Technology Workshop on Computational Materials and Electronics held 20–22 October 2005 in Austin, Texas, USA. Not every talk given at the workshop is represented with a paper in this selection; however, the reader should be able to obtain a scope of the Workshop.This workshop is a continuation of a series of workshops on computational materials and electronicsPapers presented at the 5th Motorola Workshop appeared in phys. stat. sol. (b) 241, No. 10 (August 2004).
sponsored by Motorola that have covered materials theory, nano‐device physics and semiconductor processing. The 2005 workshop focused on two areas: Materials Theory, and Molecular Electronics and Charge Transfer in Biosystems. The participants came from several US universities, research centers in Europe and Israel, Oak Ridge National Research Laboratory, Texas Instruments, Intel, 3M, IBM and Motorola corporate research organizations.The Institute for the Theory of Advanced Materials in Information Technology is supported by the National Science Foundation and is dedicated to promoting research on understanding electronic materials. You can learn more about the institute at the web site http://www.ices.utexas.edu/ccm/itamit/. We wish to thank the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, National Science Foundation, and Office of Naval Research for their financial support of the workshop. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)