bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in alcohol consumption and related factors in diabetic Japanese men
Authors: KOBAYASHI Koji , KAZUMA Keiko 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAim:  The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in alcohol consumption and related factors in diabetic men.Methods:  A cross‐sectional survey using a self‐administered questionnaire and a complementary interview about alcohol consumption was carried out among male diabetic outpatients at a university hospital in Japan (n = 126, 97.0% response rate).Results:  Half of the eligible participants had reduced their alcohol consumption by more than 50% between the time of diagnosis of diabetes and the time of the investigation. Of the 65 subjects who consumed more than 200 g/week of alcohol at the time of diagnosis, 70.8% had reduced their alcohol consumption by more than 50% at the time of the investigation and 46.2% had reduced it by more than 80%. Factors related to the reduction in alcohol consumption at the time of the investigation by the 65 subjects whose alcohol consumption at the time of diagnosis was more than 200 g/week were: awareness of diabetic retinopathy (P < 0.01), the presence of acute symptoms at the time of diagnosis of diabetes (P = 0.03), and age <45 years at the time of diagnosis of diabetes (P = 0.07). Reasons for reducing alcohol consumption included ‘explanation by the medical team’, and ‘progression of diabetic retinopathy’. Reasons for maintaining high alcohol consumption included ‘absence of symptoms’.Conclusions:  The results of this study suggest that approaches that support awareness of the patient's condition or vulnerability to disease are important for appropriate management of alcohol consumption.
Healing process of pressure ulcers after a change in the nutrition regimen of bedridden elderly: A case series
Authors: OMOTE Shizuko , SUGAMA Junko , SANADA Hiromi , KONYA Chizuko , OKUWA Mayumi , KITAGAWA Atsuko 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAim:  The aim of the present study was to describe the healing process of pressure ulcers after a change in the nutrition regimen of seven bedridden elderly patients.Methods:  The healing process of pressure ulcers was described and monitored for 4 weeks prior to and 4 weeks following a change in the nutrition regimen in the seven subjects, who were in long‐term care facilities, while controlling for other factors related to pressure ulcer healing. Changes in the nutrition regimen included increased caloric intake, supplements, or tube feeding. The healing process was measured qualitatively using wound sketches and quantitatively using wound surface area and DESIGN score.Results:  Pressure ulcers were predominantly stage III (n = 4) and located in the truncal area (n = 6). There were qualitative differences in the healing process before and after the nutrition regimen change. Most notably, in six cases there was early granulation tissue at the wound edge at week 2 after the change, the color of the granulation tissue improved at week 3, and there was a decrease in wound depth at week 4.Conclusions:  Based on this description of the process of healing of full‐thickness pressure ulcers in seven elderly subjects, it is suggested that a qualitative assessment of improvement in the wound can be made from the appearance of the granulation tissue following a change in nutrition.
Training needs of managers in occupational mental health nursing field
Authors: KAWAHARADA Mariko 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAim:  In recent years, the mental health of workers has become a vital issue and the role of managers in occupational mental health promotion is now viewed as extremely important. In this study the training needs of managers with respect to occupational mental health were identified from the perspective of occupational health nurses, who are required to support managers in dealing with this complex problem.Methods:  The subjects of the present study were 748 managers in a large public service enterprise who had taken part in training seminars on occupational mental health conducted from 2000 to 2001. In 2004 data were collected from written reports presented by occupational health nurses, which contained questions asked by the participants in the seminar. The content of 163 questions registered in the reports was coded and repeatedly classified based on the similarities between them, and five categories were eventually extracted.Results:  The following categories were extracted: (i) basic knowledge of mental disorders; (ii) care for workers with mental disorders; (iii) workplace environment; (iv) mental health promotion; and (v) development of the workplace mental health management system.Conclusions:  The managers targeted in this research showed great interest in promoting mental health in the workplace. It is necessary for occupational health nurses as health‐care professionals to cooperate with managers, comprehend their problems and concerns, and support them.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC CONSTITUTIVE PROPERTIES OF MILD CHEDDAR CHEESE FROM INDENTATION TESTS
Authors: GOH S.M. , CHARALAMBIDES M.N. , WILLIAMS J.G. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT A methodology to convert the indentation force–displacement response into the stress–strain properties of nonlinear viscoelastic materials was evaluated. Mild cheddar cheese was used as the test material, and indentation tests were performed using two spherical indenters of different sizes. The indentation tests were performed at different speeds, and the corresponding force–displacement responses were fitted with an analytical solution to obtain the time‐dependent constants and the instantaneous force–displacement response. An inverse analysis based on the finite element method was performed to obtain the strain‐dependent constants from the instantaneous force–displacement response. The predictions of the viscoelastic stress–strain properties from the indentation tests were compared to independent measurements through uniaxial compression tests, and a reasonable agreement was obtained.
LARGE DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF FAT CRYSTAL NETWORKS
Authors: KLOEK WILIAM , VAN VLIET TON , WALSTRA PIETER 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT Compression and wire‐cutting experiments on dispersions of fully hydrogenated palm oil in sunflower oil with varying fraction solid fat were carried out to establish which parameters are important for the large deformation behavior of fat crystal networks. Compression experiments showed that the apparent Young's modulus, yield stress, yield deformation and Bingham extensional viscosity scaled with the volume fraction solid fat according a power law. For the Young's modulus and yield stress, the exponent was about 3.8–3.9. The scaling exponent is close to the one relating the storage modulus and the fraction solid fat at deformations within the linear region. The specific fracture energy obtained from wire cutting also increased with volume fraction solid fat. That of a 10% solid fat dispersion was about 4 J/m

2

. Combination of the energy input from compression experiments and the specific fracture energies from wire‐cutting experiments yielded defect lengths of the order of 20 μm. This length scale corresponds to the size of a fat crystal aggregate at the gel point.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FAT DISPERSIONS PREPARED IN A MECHANICAL CRYSTALLIZER
Authors: KLOEK WILIAM , VAN VLIET TON , WALSTRA PIETER 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT Dispersions of hydrogenated palm oil (HP) in sunflower oil were crystallized in a scraped‐surface heat exchanger (SSHE), where local strain rates are high. The HP crystallized completely or partially under shear, possibly followed by crystallization at rest. The Young's moduli scaled with the fraction solid fat to powers 2.5 and 1.5 for dispersions partially and completely crystallized under shear, respectively. Dispersions completely crystallized under shear leave the SSHE as a dispersion of compact aggregates in which the crystals are strongly sintered. The aggregates attract each other by relatively weak Van der Waals forces. Possibly, recrystallization causes a slow increase in consistency over about 16 days as a result of sintering between the aggregates. Dispersions partly crystallized under shear and partly at rest obtained their final consistency within 1 day. This is explained by ongoing crystallization at rest, which causes rapid sintering between aggregates and thereby formation of strong bonds. Any additional recrystallization then did not result in an increased consistency. The final consistency of the dispersions was comparable for both crystallization conditions.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEXTURE OF RAW AND COOKED POTATOES
Authors: SOLOMON W.K. , JINDAL V.K. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT The relationship between texture of raw and cooked potatoes was studied. Tangent modulus of elasticity (E) using axial compression test and elasticity and viscosity parameters (E

1

, E

2

,η1 andη2) from creep tests were used as measures of texture on cylindrical test specimens. Raw potatoes were stored at 5, 15, 25C and variable temperature for 16 or 26 weeks and subjected to textural evaluation periodically in the raw state or after cooking at 90C for 25 min. The values of E decreased by about 50.0–74.0% and 42.0–68.0% for raw and cooked potatoes, respectively. The elasticity and viscosity parameters decreased by about 30.0–55.0% and 25.0–70.0% for raw and cooked potatoes, respectively. The changes in the texture of raw potatoes followed a systematic trend with storage temperature. However, such a trend in relation to storage temperature was not observed for textural changes in cooked potatoes. There was an apparent correlation between the textural parameters of raw and cooked potatoes irrespective of storage conditions (P < 0.05). Such relationships led to the estimation of textural parameters of cooked potatoes directly from textural measurements of raw potatoes regardless of the storage history with R2ranging from 0.70 to 0.87.
Nicotine Induces Cyclooxygenase-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 in Association with Tumor-Associated Invasion and Angiogenesis in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Shin Vivian Y. , Wu William K.K. , Chu Kent-Man , Wong Helen P.S. , Lam Emily K.Y. , Tai Emily K.K. , Koo Marcel W.L. , Cho Chi-Hin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBlockade of angiogenesis is a promising strategy to suppress tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which binds to tyrosine kinase receptors [VEGF receptors (VEGFR) 1 and 2], is the mediator of angiogenesis and mitogen for endothelial cells. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in the promoting action of nicotine on gastric cancer growth. However, the action of nicotine and the relationship between COX-2 and VEGF/VEGFR system in tumorigenesis remain undefined. In this study, the effects of nicotine in tumor angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis were studied with sponge implantation and Matrigel membrane models. Nicotine (200 μg/mL) stimulated gastric cancer cell proliferation, which was blocked by SC-236 (a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor) and CBO-P11 (a VEGFR inhibitor). This was associated with decreased VEGF levels as well as VEGFR-2 but not VEGFR-1 expression. Topical injection of nicotine enhanced tumor-associated vascularization, with a concomitant increase in VEGF levels in sponge implants. Again, application of SC-236 (2 mg/kg) and CBO-P11 (0.4 mg/kg) partially attenuated vascularization by ∼30%. Furthermore, nicotine enhanced tumor cell invasion through the Matrigel membrane by 4-fold and promoted migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a cocultured system with gastric cancer cells. The activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and protein expressions of plasminogen activators (urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor), which are the indicators of invasion and migration processes, were increased by nicotine but blocked by COX-2 and VEGFR inhibitors. Taken together, our results reveal that the promoting action of nicotine on angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis is COX-2/VEGF/VEGFR dependent.
Constructing Dementia and Dementia Care
Authors: Parker Jonathan 
Published: November 2005

Summary: This article explores the ways in which dementia can be constructed and maintained by the actions, and received ideas concerning dementia, of social care staff practising in a local authority day care setting in the UK. The article is set within the context of ‘daily practice’, the things that we do forming the basis of how things may be (re)defined. Findings: The study suggests that the physical environment of the day care setting, the routines and activities provided and the practices of care staff indicate three particular ways in which dementia was constructed. These comprised ‘holding and homogenizing’,‘demarcating and distancing’ and ‘caring and controlling’. Each depended on individual approach, training and experience and was influenced by ‘received’ traditional approaches. Applications: This is important to our understanding of dementia care as we seek to recognize diverse experiences and to consider pluralistic approaches to best practice in dementia care. The study indicates the need for training at a deep and reflective level in which the new culture of person-centred dementia care becomes part of daily practice rather than a distant ideal.
Transparent or Opaque? Disabled People in Scotland Describe Their Experience of Applying for Disability Living Allowance
Authors: Banks Pauline , Lawrence Maggie 
Published: November 2005

Summary: Disability Living Allowance (DLA) is a UK social security benefit designed to meet the extra costs associated with disability. It has been suggested that some people with disabilities who are eligible for DLA do not claim the benefit, and amongst those who do claim there are inconsistencies of award decision-making. The aim of this research was to establish the level of knowledge relating to DLA amongst disabled people in Scotland and to explore the process of application from the perspective of those involved. Questionnaires were distributed through voluntary organizations. Six hundred and six completed questionnaires were received. Findings: Almost all respondents (97%) found the form difficult to complete. Many respondents indicated that they could not have completed the forms themselves, particularly those with learning disabilities, mental health problems and/or difficulty concentrating. Many applicants believed that decisions were inconsistent and often based on inadequate understanding of individual circumstances. A significant number of applicants (42.9%) who were subsequently awarded the benefit were turned down on their first application. Applications: The findings of this study suggest that the Scottish Parliament should ensure that disabled people have access to advice and guidance about welfare benefits irrespective of whether potential applicants are in contact with social work departments. More generally, the findings prompt questions about how the additional costs associated with disability are managed elsewhere. Social workers should be proactive in providing information and advice relating to welfare benefits in Scotland and in other countries.
Neoplastic circulating endothelial cells in multiple myeloma with 13q14 deletion
Authors: Rigolin Gian Matteo , Fraulini Chiara , Ciccone Maria , Mauro Endri , Bugli Anna Maria , De Angeli Cristiano , Negrini Massimo , Cuneo Antonio , Castoldi Gianluigi 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
In multiple myeloma (MM), circulating endothelial cells (CECs) represent a vascular marker of angiogenesis and may reflect tumor mass. In this report, we showed that, in 5 MM patients with 13q14 deletion, CECs carried the same chromosome aberration as the neoplastic plasma cells (11%-32% of CECs with 13q14 deletion). Most of the CECs displayed immunophenotypic features of endothelial progenitor cells as they expressed CD133, a marker gradually lost during endothelial differentiation and absent on mature endothelial cells. To the contrary, in 3 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and 13q14 deletion, CECs were cytogenetically normal and had a mature immunophenotype. In MM CECs, immunoglobulin genes were clonally rearranged. These findings suggest a possible origin of CECs from a common hemangioblast precursor that can give rise to both plasma cells and endothelial cells and point to a direct contribution of MM-derived CECs to tumor vasculogenesis and possibly to the spreading and progression of the disease. (Blood. 2006;107:2531-2535)
The variable number of tandem repeats element in DAT1 regulates in vitro dopamine transporter density
Authors: VanNess Sidney H , Owens Michael J , Kilts Clinton D 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
A 40-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism exists in the 15th exon of DAT1, the gene encoding the human dopamine transporter (DAT). Though the VNTR resides in a region encoding the 3' untranslated region (UTR) and does not alter the protein's amino acid sequence, the prevalent 10-repeat variant has shown both linkage and association to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In this study, we examined the effects of the DAT1 VNTR on measures of in vitro DAT expression and pharmacology. A series of four DAT1 constructs, each containing the DAT1 coding region, but varying with respect to the downstream presence or content of the 3'UTR, were engineered and stably transfected into an HEK-293 variant using Flp-In integration, an enzyme-mediated, site-specific recombination technology.

Results
[3H] Win 35,428 saturation binding assays and DAT immunoblots revealed statistically significant differences in DAT expression attributable to DAT1 genotype. Cells harboring the 10-repeat DAT1 variant were characterized by a Bmax approximately 50% greater than cells with the 9-repeat VNTR; those containing only the DAT1 coding region or the coding region flanked by a truncated 3' UTR resulted in greater DAT density than either of the naturalistic 9- and 10-repeat variants. Competition binding assays showed no statistically significant DAT1 genotype effects on the DAT affinity for methylphenidate, a finding consistent with the positional location of the VNTR.

Conclusion
This study identified the DAT1 VNTR as a functional polymorphism and provides an interpretive framework for its association with behavioral phenotypes.
Genes involved in complex adaptive processes tend to have highly conserved upstream regions in mammalian genomes
Authors: Lee Soohyun , Kohane Isaac , Kasif Simon 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
Recent advances in genome sequencing suggest a remarkable conservation in gene content of mammalian organisms. The similarity in gene repertoire present in different organisms has increased interest in studying regulatory mechanisms of gene expression aimed at elucidating the differences in phenotypes. In particular, a proximal promoter region contains a large number of regulatory elements that control the expression of its downstream gene. Although many studies have focused on identification of these elements, a broader picture on the complexity of transcriptional regulation of different biological processes has not been addressed in mammals. The regulatory complexity may strongly correlate with gene function, as different evolutionary forces must act on the regulatory systems under different biological conditions. We investigate this hypothesis by comparing the conservation of promoters upstream of genes classified in different functional categories.

Results
By conducting a rank correlation analysis between functional annotation and upstream sequence alignment scores obtained by human-mouse and human-dog comparison, we found a significantly greater conservation of the upstream sequence of genes involved in development, cell communication, neural functions and signaling processes than those involved in more basic processes shared with unicellular organisms such as metabolism and ribosomal function. This observation persists after controlling for G+C content. Considering conservation as a functional signature, we hypothesize a higher density of cis-regulatory elements upstream of genes participating in complex and adaptive processes.

Conclusion
We identified a class of functions that are associated with either high or low promoter conservation in mammals. We detected a significant tendency that points to complex and adaptive processes were associated with higher promoter conservation, despite the fact that they have emerged relatively recently during evolution. We described and contrasted several hypotheses that provide a deeper insight into how transcriptional complexity might have been emerged during evolution.
The EH1 motif in metazoan transcription factors
Authors: Copley Richard R 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe Engrailed Homology 1 (EH1) motif is a small region, believed to have evolved convergently in homeobox and forkhead containing proteins, that interacts with theDrosophilaprotein groucho (C. elegansunc-37, Human Transducin-like Enhancers of Split). The small size of the motif makes its reliable identification by computational means difficult. I have systematically searched the predicted proteomes ofDrosophila,C. elegansand human for further instances of the motif.ResultsUsing motif identification methods and database searching techniques, I delimit which homeobox and forkhead domain containing proteins also have likely EH1 motifs. I show that despite low database search scores, there is a significant association of the motif with transcription factor function. I further show that likely EH1 motifs are found in combination with T-Box, Zinc Finger and Doublesex domains as well as discussing other plausible candidate associations. I identify strong candidate EH1 motifs in basal metazoan phyla.ConclusionCandidate EH1 motifs exist in combination with a variety of transcription factor domains, suggesting that these proteins have repressor functions. The distribution of the EH1 motif is suggestive of convergent evolution, although in many cases, the motif has been conserved throughout bilaterian orthologs. Groucho mediated repression was established prior to the evolution of bilateria.
A preliminary study of neuroSPECT evaluation of patients with post-traumatic smell impairment
Authors: Eftekhari Mohammad , Assadi Majid , Kazemi Majid , Saghari Mohsen , Esfahani Armaghan Fard , Sichani Babak Fallahi , Gholamrezanezhad Ali , Beiki Davood 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
Most olfactory testings are subjective and since they depend upon the patients' response, they are prone to false positive results. The aim of this study was to use quantitative brain perfusion SPECT in order to detect possible areas of brain activation in response to odorant stimulation in patients with post-traumatic impaired smell in comparison to a group of normal subjects.

Methods
Fourteen patients with post-traumatic impaired smell and ten healthy controls were entered in this prospective study. All subjects underwent brain SPECT after intravenous injection of 740-MBq 99mTc-ECD and 48 hours later, the same procedure was repeated following olfactory stimulus (vanilla powder).

Results
In most of seven regions of interest (Orbital Frontal Cortex, Inferior Frontal Pole, Superior Frontal Pole, Posterior Superior Frontal Lobe, Parasagittal Area, Occipital Pole, and Cerebellar area) the post-stimulation quantitative values show increased cortical perfusion being more pronounced in normal volunteers than the anosmic patients (except cerebellar areas and the right occipital pole). Maximal activation was observed in orbitofrontal regions (right+ 25.45% and left +25.47%).

Conclusion
Brain SPECT is a valuable imaging technique in the assessment of post-traumatic anosmia and could be competitive as an alternative to other imaging techniques, especially when functional MRI is unavailable or unsuitable. However, this procedure may benefit from complementary MRI or CT anatomical imaging.