bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta‐synthesis of qualitative research investigating disordered eating and help‐seeking in elite athletes
Authors: Fatt Scott J. , George Emma , Hay Phillipa , Jeacocke Nikki , Day Sinead , Mitchison Deborah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveElite athletes are at elevated risk for disordered eating and eating disorders; however, little is known about risk and maintaining factors, or barriers and facilitators of help‐seeking in this cohort. This systematic review synthesized qualitative findings regarding possible risk and maintaining factors for disordered eating, as well as barriers to and facilitators of help‐seeking in elite athletes.MethodWe conducted a search for qualitative studies that included experiences with body image concerns or disordered eating in elite athletes. A systematic search of CINAHL, PsychINFO, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases identified 828 articles, with 87 retained after title and abstract screening, and 38 included in the review. Quality appraisal was conducted using the checklist for appraising qualitative research (CASP). Data were extracted from each article, including demographic information (e.g., biological sex, age, sport type, level of competition, current, or former athlete) and the text under the “results” or “findings” section. Meta‐themes were identified using inductive thematic meta‐synthesis.ResultsThe extracted data indicated that most studies sampled female athletes from the United States and UK. Eight meta‐themes were identified: (1) the power imbalance; (2) hyperfocus on body, food, and exercise; (3) rigidity; (4) the athlete's balance; (5) the athlete identity; (6) overvaluation and oversimplification; (7) shame, fear, and stigma; and (8) knowledge, education, and self‐identification.DiscussionThese findings highlighted gaps in the demographic representation of specific groups in this research (e.g., males, para‐athletes, and ethnic diversity) and propose hypotheses of how sport pressure might contribute to athletes' experiences with disordered eating.Public SignificanceDisordered eating and body image concerns are prevalent and can have debilitating impacts for elite athletes; however, help‐seeking is rare for this population. It remains unclear what factors contribute to disordered eating and/or inhibit help‐seeking among elite athletes versus the general population. Understanding athletes' perspectives will inform the modification of prevention and treatment strategies to address athlete‐specific factors.
A randomized controlled trial of an online single session intervention for body image in individuals with recurrent binge eating
Authors: Messer Mariel , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Liu Claudia , Anderson Cleo , Linardon Jake 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTheoretical models highlight body image disturbances as central to the maintenance of eating disorders, with empirical evidence finding negative body image to be a robust predictor of treatment nonresponse, relapse and symptom persistence. Accessible, scalable, and inexpensive interventions that can effectively target negative body image across the eating disorders are needed. We developed an online single session intervention (SSI) for negative body image and evaluated its acceptability and efficacy in a randomized controlled trial in individuals with recurrent binge eating.MethodParticipants with recurrent binge eating were randomly assigned to the SSI (n = 99) or a waitlist (n = 101). Assessments were conducted at baseline, 4 week follow‐up, and 8 week follow‐up.Results81% of participants accessed the SSI, demonstrating reasonable uptake. However, issues with attrition were apparent; a 32% study dropout rate was observed at posttest, while a 58% dropout rate was observed at follow‐up. 87% of participants who completed satisfaction measures would recommend the SSI. SSI participants experienced greater improvements in negative body image at both 4 (d = −0.65) and 8 week (d = −0.74) follow‐up. Significant between‐group effects were also observed on most other secondary symptom measures, though no differences were found for motivations and help‐seeking beliefs and intentions.ConclusionBody image‐focused self‐guided SSIs for recurrent binge are largely accepted by those who are retained in the trial, but are associated with significant attrition. Although SSIs are not intended to replace standard treatment, they may help with short‐term symptom management and could play an important role in eating disorder care.Public SignificanceSingle session interventions (SSI) are a potentially accessible, scalable, and cost‐effective way to deliver evidence‐based treatment content to people with eating disorders. This study shows that an online (SSI) designed to target body image among people with recurrent binge eating is accepted and produced short‐term symptom relief.
An ensemble model predicts an upward range shift of the endemic and endangered Yellow‐throated Apalis (Apalis flavigularis) under future climate change in Malawi
Authors: Banda Lumbani Benedicto , Dejene Sintayehu W. , Mzumara Tiwonge I. , McCarthy Christopher , Pangapanga‐Phiri Innocent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClimate change poses a significant threat to endemic and endangered montane bird species with limited elevation and temperature ranges. Understanding their responses to changes in climate is essential for informing conservation actions. This study focused on the montane dwelling Yellow‐throated Apalis (Apalis flavigularis) in Malawi, aiming to identify key factors affecting its distribution and predicting its potential distribution under different climate change scenarios. Using an ensemble species distribution modeling approach, we found that the mean temperature of the driest quarter (Bio9), mean temperature of the wettest quarter (Bio8), and precipitation seasonality (Bio15) were the most important variables that influenced the distribution of this species. Across future climate scenarios, the species' geographic range declined where range losses varied from 57.74% (2050 RCP 6.0) to 82.88% (2070 RCP 6.0). We estimate its current range size to be 549 km2 which is lower than some previous estimates of its spatial distribution. Moreover, our projections indicate that under future climate scenarios, the species will shift to higher elevations with a large proportion of suitable areas located outside forests, posing challenges for adaptation. Our results suggest that the species may be under greater threat than previously thought; hence, urgent conservation actions are required. We recommend reinforcing the protection of areas predicted to remain suitable under future climate scenarios and the development of a species conservation action plan.
PKCA: A priori‐knowledge and congestion‐awareness method for adaptive routing algorithms in mesh architectures
Authors: Wang Yongchang , Zhao Hongzhi , Wang Yi , Wang Baosheng , Liu Yuanxu , Wu Jie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdaptive routing algorithms have been widely utilized in Network‐on‐Chip (NoC) architectures and have shown to enhance overall throughput in numerous studies. The adaptive routing algorithms can effectively detect network congestion. On the one hand, one‐hop awareness or local awareness can easily detect network congestion but may also result in local greed. On the other hand, global awareness is better for load balancing, but it is difficult to be aware of the network congestion status. This article proposes a lightweight adaptive on‐chip routing algorithm based on the concentric circles theory and prior knowledge derived from real‐life observations. The algorithm, named the Priori‐Knowledge and Congestion‐Awareness method (PKCA), aims to optimize the routing efficiency within the chip. PKCA is designed to be not only simple but also to have low time complexity, allowing it to calculate paths to destinations without local greed. We performed evaluations, and the results demonstrated that our design surpasses one‐hop awareness, two‐hop awareness, and global awareness by 31%, 25%, and 20%, respectively, in terms of latency, and by 22%, 14%, and 22%, respectively, in terms of throughput. Furthermore, the time complexity is only in an 2D mesh.
A cost‐effectiveness analysis of using umbilical cord blood pH for the diagnosis and management of neonatal asphyxia in term high‐risk pregnancy
Authors: Winiyom Patipan , Janyoungsak Pornpimon , Narkwichean Amarin , Khuancharee Kitsarawut , Laosooksathit Wipada 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of using umbilical cord blood pH (UC‐pH) in combination with APGAR score for neonatal asphyxia, in terms of high‐risk pregnancies, compared to using the APGAR score only. Neonatal outcomes and the proportions of patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were evaluated.MethodsA cost‐effectiveness ambispective analysis study was carried out, comparing (i) UC‐pH combined with APGAR score and (ii) APGAR score only in 399 term pregnancies with a high risk for neonatal asphyxia. Costs included implementation, medical, and admission costs. Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICER) were calculated. The proportions of patients admitted to the NICU were evaluated.ResultsUC‐pH combined with APGAR score demonstrated a cost‐effective outcome (3990.64 USD vs 5545.11 USD) and an ICER shown as saving 103.66 USD compared to the APGAR score alone. The need for NICU admission was less in the umbilical cord blood collection group (18 vs 33 cases).ConclusionA combination of UC‐pH with APGAR score assessment for neonatal asphyxia in a high‐risk term pregnancy can effectively reduce costs and requirement for NICU admission.
The heterogeneous role of party affiliation in the runner‐up effect
Authors: Khalil Umair , Oak Mandar , Ponnusamy Sundar 
Published: April 2024

SummaryA recent finding establishes that second‐place candidates perform substantially better over third‐place candidates in future electoral races. We show that this estimated effect masks substantial heterogeneity with respect to the party affiliation of the candidates. Only runner‐ups without a major party backing in election
have significant prospects over the third‐place candidates in election
, in terms of either recontesting or winning. Our finding suggests that political parties and voters, while strategically coordinating on the runner‐ups in election
, also take into account the party backing as a potential signal of their intrinsic quality.
Reliability of a Screening Method Using Antibiotic Disks to Detect Carbapenemases in Glucose‐Nonfermenting Gram‐Negative Microorganisms From Clinical Samples of a Regional Hospital in Southeastern Spain
Authors: Hernández‐Chico Itahisa , Rodríguez‐Guerrero Enrique , Expósito‐Ruiz Manuela , Navarro‐Marí José María , Gutiérrez‐Fernández José 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundInfections by glucose‐nonfermenting gram‐negative bacilli (NFGNB) pose a major public health problem due to multiresistance to beta‐lactam antibiotics, especially plasmid‐borne carbapenemases. Their detection by microbiology laboratories is challenging, and there is a need for easy‐to‐use and reliable diagnostic techniques. Our objective was to evaluate an in‐house screening method to presumptively detect carbapenemases in NFGNB in a simple and clinically useful manner.MethodsThe study included 175 NFGNB isolates from urinary, respiratory, and rectal samples. In a triple assay, isolates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h on three solid‐culture media: MacConkey II Agar, 5% Sheep Blood Columbia Agar and Mueller Hinton II Agar; meropenem (MEM) and cefepime (FEP) disks were employed for screening. Studies were then performed on the inhibition halo diameter, scanning effects, and the appearance of mutant colonies, which were compared with those observed using the colorimetric Neo‐Rapid CARB Kit and immunochromatography (NG5‐Test Carba and K‐Set for OXA‐23). Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed for these data.ResultsCarbapenemases were expressed by 79/175 (45.1%): 19 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 60 Acinetobacter baumannii. Optimal inhibition halo diameter cutoffs to detect this resistance on 5% sheep blood agar were as follows: 6 mm (MEM) and 6.5 mm (FEP) for P. aeruginosa (in the absence of scanning effects and mutations) and 10.5 mm (MEM) and 16 mm (FEP) for A. baumannii (even in the presence of scanning effects).ConclusionThe combined utilization of MEM and FEP antibiotic disks in 5% sheep blood agar, measuring their inhibition haloes, offers an effective method to predict the presence of carbapenemases as resistance mechanism in P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii.
Immobilization of partially purified laccase on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) microbeads and its application in biodegradation of catechol
Authors: Garg Kirti , Sehgal Rutika , Sharma Divya , Gupta Reena 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDOne significant component of new, rapid economic development is the creation of biodegradable polymers. One of these biopolymers is polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). This biodegradable, thermoplastic and water‐insoluble storage polymer can be generated from sustainable carbon sources. PHA may be effectively used for treating wastewaters by immobilizing enzymes. For eliminating micropollutants along with many phenolic compounds, laccase is considered as a potential enzyme. Hence, it has been known to be highly effective for water purification procedures. However, adequate immobilization is required for laccase to perform efficient catalysis. The immobilization procedure increases laccase stability with respect to reusability, temperature, pH and storage, making it superior to free laccase.RESULTIn the present study, laccase was partially purified from Beauveria pseudobassiana PHF4 by gel filtration chromatography and further immobilized on PHA microbeads. The crude extract displayed specific activity of 19.08 U mg−1 and PHA microbeads demonstrated immobilization efficiency of 77.44%. Characterization of PHA microbeads by scanning electron microscopy showed an increase in their size from 3–5 μm to 5–6 μm after the immobilization. Furthermore, catechol biodegradation by immobilized laccase was analyzed using UV–visible spectrophotometry (84.25% in 10 h), which was also confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (83.65% in 24 h).CONCLUSIONIimmobilizing laccase on PHA microbeads can help to address the pollution and environmental damage that catechol and similar chemicals cause also in an ecofriendly manner. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
What Do Brokers Provide for Urban Slums?
Authors: Shami Mahvish 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRapid urbanisation in developing countries has often resulted in slums with minimal public goods provision, where the poor rely on clientelist networks to provide for their basic needs. Using household‐level data, this paper is the first to empirically document how political clientelism operates in Pakistani slums. It finds that urban brokers, unlike their rural counterparts, are unable to claim credit for public goods provision. Instead, they provide personalised and highly targeted services – such as dispute resolution and assistance with documentation. Moreover, unlike traditional clientelism, urban networks are found to be problem‐solving and welfare‐enhancing for slum dwellers.
Influence of autumn Kara Sea ice on the subsequent winter minimum temperature over the Northeast China
Authors: Han Tingting , Zhou Xin , Li Shangfeng , Zhou Botao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMany previous studies have examined the influence of Arctic sea ice on the weather/climate of the Northern Hemisphere. However, the precursor signals of Arctic sea ice regarding East Asian winter low temperatures, which are important for climate prediction, have received little attention. This study identified an out‐of‐phase relationship between the autumn sea ice area of the Kara Sea (SICK) and subsequent winter minimum temperature in Northeast China (NEC) during 1979–2019, that is, diminished SICK facilitates cooling anomalies at NEC. Further results showed that the Arctic Oscillation (AO) acts as a bridge in the linkage between the autumn SICK and minimum temperature in NEC. Diminished autumn SICK leads to a weakened polar vortex in both the troposphere and the stratosphere in the subsequent winter through vertical propagation of planetary waves, contributing to a negative phase of the AO. Accordingly, the SICK is followed by anomalous Rossby wave train that originates from Mediterranean Sea and propagates eastward to Northeast Asia. Thus, the SICK has substantially influences on the Mongolia cyclone and minimum temperature in NEC by modulation of the AO. Moreover, the shrinking SICK could lead to the upper‐level decelerated westerly anomalies at East Asia through altering the equator‐to‐pole temperature gradient and induce negative minimum temperature anomalies at NEC. The results of this study have importance regarding the prediction of low temperature anomalies over NEC.
Total phenolic and flavonoid content of P. armata honey and propolis produced in Bomet, Kisii and Maralal, Kenya
Authors: Kegode Timothy Mugodo , Mokaya Hosea O. , Kiatoko Nkoba 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundBee products are gaining interest in the field of research due to their biochemical and nutritive properties. Honey bee products have been researched extensively but little has been done in regards to stingless bees. There are many species of stingless bees including Plebeina armata, which are found in the Afrotropics. They are underground nesting and produce honey, propolis, wax, pollen and bee bread. These products are known to be rich in polyphenols that comprise of flavonoids and phenolic. In our study, we analysed colorimetrically the total flavonoid, phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of honey (n = 22) and propolis (n = 25) from Bomet, Kisii and Maralal in Kenya.ResultsHoney and propolis had total flavonoid content of 12.00–22.67 mg QE/100 g and 288.15–944.76 mg QE/100 g while total phenolic content was 87.01–239.93 mg GAE/100 g and 524.14–1225.01 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. In considerations to the regions, Maralal had the highest phenolic and flavanoid content followed by Bomet and Kisii was the least. The same trend was observed in the radical scavenging activity. Except for the total flavonoid content in honey, the difference was significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe polyphenol content of both honey and propolis of P. armata are equally affected by geographical location as a result of different vegetation. They are good source of antioxidants, which can be utilized in diet due to their radical scavenging properties.
Processing to improve the sustainability of chickpea as a functional food ingredient
Authors: Augustin Mary Ann , Chen Jia‐Ying , Ye Jian‐Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChickpea is a field crop that is playing an emerging role in the provision of healthy and sustainable plant‐based value‐added ingredients for the food and nutraceutical industries. This article reviews the characteristics of chickpea (composition, health properties, and techno‐functionality) and chickpea grain that influence their use as whole foods or ingredients in formulated food. It covers the exploitation of traditional and emerging processes for the conversion of chickpea into value‐added differentiated food ingredients. The influence of processing on the composition, health‐promoting properties, and techno‐functionality of chickpea is discussed. Opportunities to tailor chickpea ingredients to facilitate their incorporation in traditional food applications and in the expanding plant‐based meat alternative and dairy alternative markets are highlighted. The review includes an assessment of the possible uses of by‐products of chickpea processing. Recommendations are provided for future research to build a sustainable industry using chickpea as a value‐added ingredient. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Planar Cell Polarity in the Multiciliated Epithelial Lining of the Mouse Eustachian Tube
Authors: Luo Wenwei , Fu Xiao , Huang Hongming , Wu Peina , Wang Yanmei , Liu Zhifeng , He Shiqi , Pang Limin , Ren Dongdong , Cui Yong 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesPlanar cell polarity (PCP) signaling, essential for uniform alignment and directional beating of motile cilia, has been investigated in multiciliated epithelia. As a complex structure connecting the middle ear to the nasopharynx, the eustachian tube (ET) is important in the onset of ear–nose–throat diseases. However, PCP signaling, including the orientation that is important for ciliary motility and clearance function in the ET, has not been studied. We evaluated PCP in the ET epithelium.Study DesignMorphometric examination of the mouse ET.MethodsWe performed electron microscopy to assess ciliary polarity in the mouse ET, along with immunohistochemical analysis of PCP protein localization in the ET epithelium.ResultsWe discovered PCP in the ET epithelium. Motile cilia were aligned in the same direction in individual and neighboring cells; this alignment manifested as ciliary polarity in multiciliated cells. Additionally, PCP proteins were asymmetrically localized between adjacent cells in the plane of the ET.ConclusionsThe multiciliated ET epithelium exhibits polarization, suggesting novel structural features that may be critical for ET function.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:3795–3801, 2024
Carbon savings potential of virtual care in obstructive sleep apnea and otitis media with effusion
Authors: Heffernan Austin , Lalande Annie , Chadha Rashmi , MacNeill Andrea , Chadha Neil K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the carbon savings potential of incorporating virtual care into surgical care pathways for pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea or otitis media with effusion.MethodsPediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea or otitis media with effusion were not enrolled, instead, a modeling cohort study design was used. This study utilized the British Columbia healthcare system and geography to model emissions. Care pathways were developed for pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea or otitis media with effusion requiring care at a tertiary pediatric center. Home addresses were located at the geographical center of the two most populated municipalities within each of the 10 most populated regional districts in 2020. Virtual visits replaced up to three clinically equivalent in‐person visits. Emissions (kgCO2e) for transport and virtual visits were estimated. Population‐weighted means and descriptive statistics were calculated.ResultsUtilizing 1, 2, or 3 virtual visits in the obstructive sleep apnea care pathway yielded potential emissions savings of 19.9%, 39.9%, and 59.8% respectively. Integrating 1, 2, or 3 virtual visits into the otitis media with effusion care pathway produced potential emissions savings of 16.6%, 33.2%, and 49.7%, respectively. Integrating 3 virtual visits can save up to 2156.8 kgCO2e per patient.ConclusionsAppropriately conducting up to 50% of clinical encounters virtually for children with obstructive sleep apnea or otitis media with effusion reduced theoretical carbon emissions. For a single child, emission savings could reach over 2150 kgCO2e.Level of EvidenceLevel 5.