bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Flow and Oxygen Delivery to the Lower Extremity in Arterial Insufficiency: A PET-Scan Study Comparison with Other Methods
Authors: Depairon Michèle , Depresseux Jean-Claude , Petermans Jean , Zicot Michel 
Published: November 2007

The authors studied muscular blood flow (F), oxygen consumption rate (R), and oxygen extraction fraction (E) in 5 patients suffering from severe intermit tent claudication (stage II). They applied the bolus technique of H2150 and 1502 with a detection by positron emission tomography (PET). Tomograms were recorded at the greatest diameter of the calfs, at rest and ten minutes after a treadmill walk test leading to the development of ischemic pain in the affected extremity. F and E data were compared with the values obtained by more usual methods, namely occlusive venous strain gauge plethysmography and femoral venous blood sampling. During the study, these patients received naftidrofuryl, a vasodilatator drug, in an intravenous dose of 600 mg diluted in 250 mL saline infused over a six- hour period in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover protocol (two con secutive experiments, a week apart). The results showed that all blood flow values measured at rest and after ex ercise by PET were in close correlation (r = 0.71) with the plethysmographic findings. The agreement between the two methods of measuring blood flow was less obvious with an Altman's presentation of the data: there was a tendency to measure higher values with PET scan. Concerning E, the correlation was poor at rest. After exercise, the values were more elevated with PET and no correlation was found with blood samples. The authors found no significant effect of naftidrofuryl either on flow or metabolic data.
Effects of Prostacyclin Infusion on Blood Pressure and Plasma Renin Activity in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Authors: Kato Tadashi , Yoneda Syunki , Koketsu Masaaki , Fujinami Takao 
Published: November 2007

The effects of prostacyclin infusion (6.7 ± 2.7 ng/kg/min, 3 to 10 ng/kg/min) on blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA), and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) were studied in 7 patients with essential hypertension (4 men and 3 women) with a mean age of fifty-eight ± eleven years (forty-six to seventy- four years). The baseline value of 6-keto-PGF1αfor patients with essential hypertension was not lower than in healthy subjects. Blood pressure immediate ly dropped following prostacyclin infusion. Systolic blood pressure returned to the baseline value after prostacyclin infusion was discontinued. However, di astolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure were still significantly decreased thirty minutes after termination of infusion. Heart rate did not change during prostacyclin infusion but decreased significantly when infusion was ter minated. PRA was not significantly affected by prostacyclin infusion. The 6-keto- PGF 1αlevel was about 8 times higher than the baseline value thirty minutes af ter initiation of prostacyclin infusion and approximately twice as high as the base line value thirty minutes after termination of infusion. The decrease in mean arterial blood pressure coincided with the increase in 6-keto-PGF1α. There was no correlation between mean arterial blood pressure and PRA, nor between PRA and 6-keto-PGF1α. These results demonstrate that production of prostacyclin is not reduced in patients with essential hypertension, and heart rate and PRA are not changed by prostacyclin infusion, although prostacyclin decreases blood pressure.
Left Ventricular Blood Flow Analysis in Patients With and Without a Thrombus After First Q Wave Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction: Two-Dimensional Doppler Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Bhatnagar Sudhir K. , Razzak Al-Yusuf Abdul 
Published: November 2007

The authors studied 80 consecutive patients with a first Q wave anterior myocardial infarction (MI) by 2-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiog raphy (echo), on day 3 and day 10 after admission, to determine whether left ventricular (LV) blood flow dynamics differ between those who develop LV thrombus and those who do not. With pulsed Doppler echo, peak flow velocities were measured in diastole at the inflow tract, at the apex in diastole and systole, and at the outflow tract in systole. There were 11 patients (14%) who had LV thrombosis on day 3. On day 10, no other patient developed a thrombus. There was no difference in the Doppler flow velocities, except for lower api cal diastolic velocities (0.23±0.04 m/s) (±SEM) in patients with thrombus as compared with those without it (0.33±0.01 m/s) (p<0.05). All patients with thrombus had apical dyskinesis and 8 (73%) had an anteroapical aneurysm, while 40 (58%) patients without thrombosis had dyskinesis and 11 (16%) had an aneurysm (p < 0.01). The ejection fraction was lower (25.4±3.2%), the wall motion score was higher (10.6±0.7), and mitral regurgitation was seen more frequently (45%) in those with LV thrombus (respective values in no thrombus group patients: 32.9±1.4%, 7.6±0.3, 7%). The authors conclude that LV thrombus prediction is difficult by Doppler flow velocity study, whereas dyskinesis and aneurysmal dilatation of the LV apex is significantly associated with thrombus.
Chronic and Acute Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Skin Blood Flow
Authors: Tur Ethel , Yosipovitch Gil , Oren-Vulfs Sheila 
Published: November 2007

A laser Doppler flowmeter was used to assess blood flow changes in habitu al smokers, as compared with nonsmokers, where members of both groups were young and healthy. Acute and chronic effects of cigarette smoking were meas ured by using the cutaneous postischemic reactive hyperemia test. Basic flow was recorded in four sites: forehead, postauricular, forearm, and finger. Recovery time from reactive hyperemia was longer in habitual smokers than in nonsmokers. Peak flow during reactive hyperemia was significantly lower af ter smoking. Basic blood flow during smoking did not show significant varia tion in the sites tested. The authors conclude that skin microvasculature is influenced by acute and chronic effects of cigarette smoking in young subjects; they discuss some of the possible mechanisms and their implications.
Microcirculation in Systemic Hypertension
Authors: Cesarone Maria Rosaria , Laurora Giuseppe , Belcaro Giovanni V. 
Published: November 2007

In 40 patients with idiopathic systemic hypertension, skin blood flow was evaluated with laser-Doppler flowmetry, transcutaneous measurements of partial pressure of oxygen (PO 2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), and determination of capillary permeability before and after treatment with nifedipine (10 mg tid for four weeks). Also 35 normal subjects matched for age and sex distribution were studied. Before treatment, microcirculatory studies showed a significant decrease in skin flow and venoarteriolar response in hypertensive patients in comparison with normal subjects. Moreover, PO 2, PCO2, and capillary permeability were significantly lower in hypertensives. All these microcirculatory parameters significantly increased after nifedipine treatment while both systolic and diastolic pressures decreased. In conclusion, laser-Doppler flowmetry used with other microcirculatory techniques was able to discriminate between normal subjects and hypertensive patients, and it was able to show the improvement in the microcirculation after nifedipine treatment.
Kernicterus Associated with Perinatal Asphyxia and Drug Therapy
Authors: Behrman Richard E. 
Published: November 2007

Experimental studies suggest that a variety of factors play a role in the pathogenesis of kemicterus—protein-binding, acidosis, anoxia, hypoglycemia, etc. Certain drugs probably play a role also. At present, none of these factors are clearly enough defined or capable of quan titation even to the limited degree that is ac knowledged for the bilirubin level. However, their expressions are definite enough at this time to be considered when reaching what is still fundamentally a clinical judgment as to therapy in patients with hyperbilirubinemia in whom exchange transfusion is not clearly indi cated by the level of bilirubin alone or in com bination with blood type, hemoglobin, reticulo cyte count and Coombs test. It seems clear that judgments about the safety of a drug for the fetus cannot be based entirely on experience with newborns or on experiments with newborn animals. The dan gers to a newborn infant which are inherent in a particular drug may be multiple and may not be fully known.
Review : Familial Dysautonomia: The Riley-Day Syndrome
Authors: Ginsberg Stephen P. 
Published: November 2007

Although individual case reports had already appeared, it remained for Riley in 1949 to recognize the common clinical features of these and his own patients as a definite disease entity. This is a review of that disease—the Riley-Day syndrome, or familial dysau tonomia. This report includes a summary of the clinical pattern, laboratory aids to diagnosis, differential diagnosis, current therapy and prognosis.
Review : The Parasitic Diseases of Childhood
Authors: Kagan Irving G. , Fox Howard A. , Walls Kenneth W. , Healy George R. 
Published: November 2007

The ubiquitousness of certain protozoan and helminth parasites and the increasing geographic mobility of individuals point up the need for an awareness of the role of parasitic infections in pediatric prac tice. This paper (a) surveys the advances in diagnosis and clinical understanding of those parasitic diseases of children which are the most common in Northern tem perate climates—amebiasis, giardiasis, pin worm infestation, visceral larva migrans, toxoplasmosis, pneumocystosis—and (b) surveys the usefulness, specificity, and limitations of the newer serologic tests in the diagnosis and management of these diseases. Therapy is not stressed. Because of the recent recognition of the significance of Pneumocystis carinii infection, this is considered in somewhat greater detail than its rarity might other wise warrant.
Poor School Achievement: A Psychiatric Study and Classification
Authors: Ross Donald C. 
Published: November 2007

Over the past few years, the au thor has developed a classification of children's emotional disorders4 and, in Part I, has presented and discussed the place of school achievement problems in this classi fication. 5 A recapitulation of Part I will be found in the summary. The categories of the classification sug gest a direction of management. Part II continues the analysis of the case records of the 162 con secutively referred children who are the subjects of these papers. It de scribes the treatment methods ap plied as determined by the classifi cation categories, the case manage ment decisions made at the end of the evaluation period, and the re sults of a two-year follow up study. Case Management Methods
The Order of St. John and Its Role in Modern Medicine
Authors: Galea Joseph , Fenech Frederick F. 
Published: November 2007

The Order of the Knights of St. John has changed during the course of six centuries from a military as well as a medical Order into a sovereign, effectual health agency of world-wide scope. Its interests encompass every field of medicine and human welfare; its care is always generous, almost always given free and is rendered solely pro utilitate hominum. A survey of the past history of this selfless Order is given in Clinical Pediatrics 6: 728, 1967. Here is a brief summary of current activities.
Bradycardia Preceding Apneic Attacks in Low-Birthweight Infants
Authors: DuBrow Ira W. , Chen Jackson W. , Wong Paul W. K. 
Published: November 2007

Two premature infants had frequent episodes of prolonged apnea. The apneic spells were not due to the more commonly known causes of apnea in infancy, but were consistently preceded by severe bradycardia. Atropine or ephedrine produced favorable therapeutic results. Since severe bradycardia may be a cause of sudden death in infants, its recognition and treatment is important in the management of apneic infants.
Anaerobic Bacteremia as Observed in a Children's Hospital
Authors: Echeverria Peter , Smith Arnold L. 
Published: November 2007

To ascertain the significance of anaerobic bacteremia in a children's hospital, the records of all patients whose blood cultures grew anaerobes during a 24- month period were reviewed. Anaerobes were isolated from 144 out of 1,126 blood cultures yielding bacteria. Anaerobic diphtheroid grew in 122 out of 143 anaerobic cultures, but only 4 out of 122 were isolated from patients with anaerobic sepsis. Nine per cent of the total episodes of anaerobic bacteremia occurred in 13 children who met out criteria for anaerobic sepsis; two or more blood cultures obtained within a three-day period growing anaerobic bacteria, or an aerobe and an anaerobe, in a febrile child or one with an apparent in fectious focus. Bacteroides accounted for 7 out of 13 (64 per cent) of the relevant isolates, while anaerobic diphtheroids 4 out of 13 (26 per cent) and anaerobic gram-positive cocci accounted for the remainder 2 out of 13 (18 per cent). Only one infant, with polymicrobial bacteremia, died, suggesting that an aerobic bacteremia is associated with less mortality in children than in adults. Anaerobic sepsis occurred in children who have had recent abdominal surgery, or who are immunosuppressed.
Comparison of Breast, Cow, and Soy Feedings in the Prevention of Onset of Allergic Disease
Authors: Gruskay Frank L. 
Published: November 2007

It has been reported that the feeding of cow's milk may enhance the development of atopy in predisposed infants. A prospective study following children from birth through 15 years of age in a private pediatric practice was designed to determine if the food ingested during the first months of life is related to the development of atopy in the offspring of allergic families. Each of 328 children with a positive family history of allergy was assigned to one of three groups. according to the feeding preference of the parents: 48 were fed breast milk; 79, soy-based formula; and 201, cow's milk formula. All groups had egg, citrus, tomato, and wheat restrictions as well as inhalant allergen avoidance. These were compared to a control group of 580 children with no family history of allergy. Breast fed infants were found to have approximately one-half the incidence of atopy of cow's milk or soy formula fed infants from atopic families when followed for up to 15 years. Soy feeding produced no advantage over cow's milk in the prophylaxis of allergic disease. There was a threefold increase in clinically apparent atopic disease in offspring of allergic families when compared to controls but only a two-fold increase if the infant was breast fed. These results support the hypothesis that breast feeding and delay of exposure to known allergens may reduce the frequency of clinical allergic disease in the offspring of allergic families.
Efficacy and Safety of the "Integral" Phototherapy for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Granati B. , Largajolli G. , Rubaltelli F.F. , Pollazzon P. , Bottos M. , Sartori E. 
Published: November 2007

One hundred and ten full-term newborns were treated with integral phototherapy (IP) in the first week of life for hyperbilirubinemia (peak bilirubin concentration, 19.5 ± 2.8 mg/dl). IP was provided by an apparatus which irradiated the infants over the entire skin surface with four visible blue light lamps placed around the body at a mean distance of only 20 cm. The irradiance of the lamps at the skin surface was 0.350 mW/sq cm, in the wavelength range between 425 and 475 nm. The IP resulted in a 48-hour bilirubin decline rate of 0.163 mg/dl/h. After a mean exposure of 78 ± 32 h, the mean plasma bilirubin level was 8.4 ± 0.8 mg/dl. One hundred and ten comparable nonjaundiced infants were studied as controls. At 6 years of age, both groups of subjects were called for a follow-up concerning growth, visual, and hearing functions, and neuro-developmental status. The follow-up was completed in 81 children of the IP group (73.6%) and in 89 of the controls (80.6%). There were no significant differences in the studied parameters between the two groups. The study concludes that IP appears to be an effective and safe treatment for jaundiced infants. IP employs less radiant energy from the lamp source than the traditional apparatus, but delivers this energy to a larger skin surface area.
Effectiveness of a Health Education Program in a Lower Socioeconomic Population
Authors: Dershewitz Robert A. , Paichel Walter 
Published: November 2007

When teaching home safety, we selectively highlight those hazards most likely to injure children at various developmental stages. In one of the few studies evaluating this approach, we successfully taught a middle class population appropriate home use of ipecac syrup. The study reported herein replicated that study in a lower socioeconomic population. Although learning occurred, statistical significance was not quite achieved. While this study does not refute the "targeted" approach, it does demonstrate that characteristics of the population are likely to affect the educational outcome. Impressive statistical improvement may not be demonstrated. Individual realistic goals must be established prior to implementation and evaluation of a program.
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease Following Transient Synovitis
Authors: Mukamel Masza , Litmanovitch Menahem , Yosipovich Zvi , Grunebaum Michael , Varsano Izhak 
Published: November 2007

Forty-one children with transient synovitis of the hip and 10 children with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease were followed. All 41 cases of transient synovitis had a benign outcome. In this series, nine of the 10 children with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease were diagnosed upon their first roentgeno graphic examination. One child whose first diagnosis was transient synovitis remained symptomatic for 4 months, when he developed roentgenologic changes consistent with Perthes disease. The literature is reviewed and 455 cases of transient synovitis analyzed. Only one patient with transient synovitis developed Legg-Calve-Perthes disease after having been asymptomatic for a period of 3 months. In 17 other cases, symptoms persisted until Legg-Calve-Perthes was diagnosed. It is suggested that transient synovitis is a benign disease and that only children with protracted symptoms are at risk to develop Perthes disease.
Short Stature as the Major Manifestation of Celiac Disease in Older Children
Authors: Rosenbach Yoram , Dinari Gabriel , Zahavi Ilan , Nitzan Menachem 
Published: November 2007

Celiac disease was diagnosed by jejunal biopsy and response to gluten elimination in 11 of 23 children with short stature referred after negative endocrine evaluation. The mean age of the group was 11 years, with a range of 5-16. All had been followed for a mean of 2.5 years at a large pediatric endocrine clinic for the evaluation of growth retardation. Bone age retardation of more than 25 percent of the chronologic age was found in all children. Microcytic anemia and past history of gastrointestinal problems were typical of the celiac group but were not documented in the nonceliac patients. Stool fat excretion was a specific but insensitive test, while the 1-hour blood xylose test was of no value in differentiating between the two groups. Close cooperation between pediatric endocrinology and gastroenterology clinics may be fruitful in the identification of celiac patients, especially in a group of older children with short stature, bone age retardation, and microcytic anemia.
Relapse Markers in Childhood Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Tan Siok-Hoon , Lee Bee-Wah , Wong Hock-Boon , Uma Rajan 
Published: November 2007

Childhood thyrotoxicosis is not an uncommon illness, but there is a considerable relapse rate in these patients on medical treatment. An attempt is made in this study to identify those markers that are predictive of a tendency to relapse in childhood thyrotoxicosis. A total of 32 patients with Graves' disease were included in the study. Several features were correlated with a tendency to relapse. Of these features, sex, family history, and antibody status were not significantly correlated to relapse. However, of 17 patients with goiter size two times normal or larger, 16 relapsed in comparison with seven relapses of 15 patients with goiter size less than two times normal (p = 0.0039). Of eight patients without ophthalmopathy, only two relapsed, while 21 patients of 24 patients with ophthalmopathy, relapsed (p = 0.002). Of 13 patients with serum thyroxine levels below 20 mcg/dl, six relapsed; of the 19 patients with serum thyroxine levels above 20 mcg/dl, 17 relapsed (p = 0.039). Among 24 patients with a previous relapse, only one achieved a remission with a second course of treatment. The remaining 23 patients had recurrent relapses. Hence it was found that goiter size, presence of ophthalmopathy, total thyroxine levels, and a previous relapse correlated significantly with a further relapse.
Bacterial Meningitis in Children Whose Cerebrospinal Fluid Contains Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Without Pleocytosis
Authors: Bonadio William A. 
Published: November 2007

A retrospective study was performed of 424 children who received diagnostic lumbar puncture for analysis of cerebrospinal fluid during evaluation of an acute illness. In 106 children, the CSF contained polymorphonuclear leukocytes without pleocytosis. Of these 106 patients, 90 percent had a CSF differential cell count with 20 percent or less PMN's and 88 percent had glucose and protein concentrations within the range of normal limits. All patients had a Gram-stained smear of CSF that revealed no organisms. In no instance was a CSF culture positive for a bacterial pathogen. In most instances, cerebrospinal fluid that contains total white cell count and glucose/protein concentrations within limits of normal, Gram-stained smear which reveals no organisms, and a differential cell count with less than 20 percent PMN's is not indicative of risk for bacterial meningitis. If the clinical situation warrants, the majority of children with this profile do not require hospitalization and initiation of empiric antibiotic therapy pending CSF culture results.
Ecological Breastfeeding and Child Spacing
Authors: Jackson Robert L. 
Published: November 2007

Until the 2nd and 3rd decades of this century, breastfeeding was essential for infant survival. In that period, spacing of children was generally about 2 years. Later, improved modified cow's milk preparations became commercially available and were well tolerated by most infants. As a result, near cessation of ecological breastfeeding occurred toward the middle of the century. The decline in ecological breastfeeding was associated with early postpartum ovulation and shortened child-spacing of about 1 year. The endocrinology of breastfeeding is now known in considerable detail. Prolactin is secreted promptly in response to nipple stimulation and is a reliable marker of the endocrine alterations occurring postpartum. Success of lactation in suppression of ovulation was found to occur when infants sucked frequently and when only small amounts of selected foods were introduced gradually after the infants were about 6 months of age.
Treatment of an Enteric Fistula with Somatostatin in a Premature
Authors: Julia M.V. , Parri F.J. , Albert A. , Figueras J. , Rovira J. , Morales L. 
Published: November 2007

The authors present the case of an extremely premature baby affected by severe Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) needing intestinal resection and ileostomy. An enteric fistula developed 3 days after ostomy closure. The baby was started on Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN), and 7 days later the fistula output remained constant. Somatostatin (SM) was then given intravenously (3.0 μg/Kg/hr) and the fistula closed on the 3rd day of treatment. Since SM was introduced in 1986 as an adjunct treatment to TPN in enteric fistulas, the authors believe that theirs is the first report of a successful SM treatment in a premature.