bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IonScan 800 – Ultrapräzise Schichtdickenkorrektur für die Halbleitertechnologie
Authors: Zeuner Michael , Nestler Matthias , Roth Dietmar 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFür verschiedene Anwendungen in der Halbleitertechnologie werden extreme Anforderungen an die Homogenität von Schichtsystemen gestellt. Bei der Herstellung von BAW‐(Bulk Acoustic Wave)‐Bauelementen müssen Schichtdicken von unterschiedlichen Materialien mit einer Genauigkeit im nm‐Bereich eingestellt werden. Mit den Standardtechniken zur Schichtabscheidung werden diese Homogenitätsforderungen nicht erfüllt, so dass in einem Folgeprozess die Schichtdicke waferspezifisch und lokal korrigiert werden muss. 1,2Wir stellen ein neuartiges Verfahren und dessen anlagentechnische Realisierung für die lokale Schichtdickenkorrektur vor. Im Prozess wird der Wafer mäanderförmig vor einem fokussierten Ionenstrahl bewegt. Spezifisch für jeden Wafer wird ein moduliertes Geschwindigkeitsprofil berechnet, um über die Verweilzeit des Ionenstrahls an den jeweiligen Positionen das Material bis auf die Zielschichtdicke abzutragen.Basierend auf einem inerten oder reaktiven Ionenstrahlprozess lässt sich das Verfahren auf beliebige Materialien anwenden, wie z. B. Si3N4, SiO2, Al2O3, AlN, W, Mo, Cu oder NiFe.
Lack of effect of dopaminergic antagonists in a rodent model of peritoneal sepsis
Authors: Machado Roberta Albino , Constantino Larissa , Martins Márcio Rodrigo , De Albuquerque Isabella Martins , Menna‐Barreto Sérgio , Streck Emílio , Quevedo João , Dal‐Pizzol Felipe 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCentral nervous system dopaminergic mechanisms have been implicated in the cytokine response to stress and sepsis. We here describe the effects of haloperidol or clozapine in the treatment of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Male Wistar rats were subjected to the CLP procedure were treated with haloperidol or clozapine and plasma cytokines, myeloperoxidase activity, markers of organ injury and survival was analyzed. The addition of haloperidol or clozapine to basic support did not diminished hepatic, renal, pancreatic or muscular damage observed after sepsis. Neither haloperidol, nor clozapine, modulates pro and antiinflammatory cytokines after sepsis induction. In addition, haloperidol treatment did not diminished myeloperoxidase activity in the kidney, lung or liver, or altered BALF markers of lung damage or inflammatory infiltration. Our data did not support a role of haloperidol or clozapine as an immunomodulator agent in the treatment of sepsis in an animal model of peritonitis.
Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), nuclear DNA helicase II (NDH II) and histone γH2AX are localized to the centrosome
Authors: Zhang Suisheng , Hemmerich Peter , Grosse Frank 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWerner syndrome helicase (WRN) was found in the centrosome of human cells, both in interphase and in mitosis. Nuclear DNA helicase II (NDH II), also called RNA helicase A (RHA), an interaction partner of WRN, was also present in the centrosome. NDH II localized to the centrosome in interphase but left the centrosome with the ongoing progression of mitosis. The localization of NDH II to the centrosome was hardly affected by cytochalasin D that depolymerizes actin filaments. In contrast, treatment by the microtubules disrupting agent nocodazole strikingly detached NDH II from the centrosome, which was in contrast to WRN that remained there under this condition. Treatment of cells with the DNA damaging agent 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide (4NQO) released NDH II, but not WRN from the centrosome. Surprisingly, the double‐stranded DNA break repair‐induced histone variant γH2AX was also found in centrosomes of interphase and mitotic cells. Following DNA damage by 4NQO, γH2AX left the centrosome with similar kinetics as NDH II. In vitro pull‐down assays confirmed a direct physical interaction between these two proteins. Since NDH II associated with γH2AX after DNA damage, we suggest that complex formation between NDH II and γH2AX may occur in pre‐assembled complexes at the centrosome, which are subsequently recruited to sites of damaged DNA for inducing the repair process.
Colocalization of aldolase and FBPase in cytoplasm and nucleus of cardiomyocytes
Authors: Mamczur Piotr , Dus Danuta , Dzugaj Andrzej 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe protein exchange method, immunocytochemistry and the nuclear import of fluorophore‐labeled enzymes were used to investigate the colocalisation of aldolase and FBPase in cardiomyocytes. The results indicate in vivo interaction of these two enzymes. In the cardiomyocyte cytoplasm, these enzymes were found to colocalise at the Z‐line and on intercalated discs. The translocation of both enzymes through the nuclear pores was also investigated. The immunocytochemistry revealed the colocalisation of aldolase and FBPase in the heterochromatin region of cardiomyocyte nuclei. The Pearson's correlation coefficients, which represent the degree of colocalisation were 0.47, 0.52 and 0.66 in the sarcomer, the intercalated disc and the nucleus, respectively. This is the first report on aldolase and FBPase colocalisation in cardiomyocytes. Interaction of aldolase with FBPase, which results in heterologous complex formation, is necessary for glyconeogenesis to proceed. Therefore, this metabolic pathway in the sarcomer, in the intercalated disc as well as in the nucleus might be expected.
Clinical and metabolic features of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Li Lin , Yang Dongzi , Chen Xiaoli , Chen Yaxiao , Feng Shuying , Wang Liangan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective: To explore the clinical and metabolic features of Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: The clinical data of 273 Chinese women diagnosed as having PCOS were retrospectively studied. Results: Of these women 34.8% had hirsutism, 45.1% had acne, 94.1% had some menstrual abnormality, and 96.7% had typical appearances of polycystic ovaries on ultrasonographic examination. The prevalence of overweight women was 30.4%, and the prevalence of insulin resistance was 12.8% using the glucose to insulin ratio (GIR) and 21.6% using the homesostasis model assessment (HOMA). Body mass index was significantly correlated with fasting insulin level (r = 0.50), GIR (r = 0.37) and HOMA (r = 0.53). Conclusion: Menstrual abnormality and polycystic ovaries were the main clinical manifestations in this cohort of Chinese women with PCOS. The prevalence of hyperandrogenism, obesity, and insulin resistance was lower in this cohort than in women from other races with the same condition. Ethnic differences needs to be considered when studying the clinical and metabolic features of women with PCOS.
Stability of helical tip vortices in a rotor far wake
Authors: OKULOV V. L. , SØRENSEN J. N. 
Published: March 2007

As a means of analysing the stability of the wake behind a multi-bladed rotor the stability of a multiplicity of helical vortices embedded in an assigned flow field is addressed. In the model the tip vortices in the far wake are approximated by infinitely long helical vortices with constant pitch and radius. The work is a further development of a model developed in Okulov (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 521, p. 319) in which the linear stability of N equally azimuthally spaced helical vortices was considered. In the present work the analysis is extended to include an assigned vorticity field due to root vortices and the hub of the rotor. Thus the tip vortices are assumed to be embedded in an axisymmetric helical vortex field formed from the circulation of the inner part of the rotor blades and the hub. As examples of inner vortex fields we consider three generic axial columnar helical vortices, corresponding to Rankine, Gaussian and Scully vortices, at radial extents ranging from the core radius of a tip vortex to several rotor radii.The analysis shows that the stability of tip vortices largely depends on the radial extent of the hub vorticity as well as on the type of vorticity distribution. As part of the analysis it is shown that a model in which the vortex system is replaced by N tip vortices of strength Γ and a root vortex of strength − N/Γ is unconditionally unstable.
The role of forcing in the local stability of stationary long waves. Part 1. Linear dynamics
Authors: HODYSS DANIEL , NATHAN TERRENCE R. 
Published: March 2007

The local linear stability of forced, stationary long waves produced by topography or potential vorticity (PV) sources is examined using a quasi-geostrophic barotropic model. A multiple scale analysis yields coupled equations for the background stationary wave and low-frequency (LF) disturbance field. Forcing structures for which the LF dynamics are Hamiltonian are shown to yield conservation laws that provide necessary conditions for instability and a constraint on the LF structures that can develop. Explicit knowledge of the forcings that produce the stationary waves is shown to be crucial to predicting a unique LF field. Various topographies or external PV sources can be chosen to produce stationary waves that differ by asymptotically small amounts, yet the LF instabilities that develop can have fundamentally different structures and growth rates. If the stationary wave field is forced solely by topography, LF oscillatory modes always emerge. In contrast, if the stationary wave field is forced solely by PV, two LF structures are possible: oscillatory modes or non-oscillatory envelope modes. The development of the envelope modes within the context of a linear LF theory is novel.An analysis of the complex WKB branch points, which yields an analytical expres-sion for the leading-order eigenfrequency, shows that the streamwise distribution of absolute instability and convective growth is central to understanding and predicting the types of LF structures that develop on the forced stationary wave. The location of the absolute instability region with respect to the stationary wave determines whether oscillatory modes or envelope modes develop. In the absence of absolute instability, eastward propagating wavetrains generated in the far field can amplify via local convective growth in the stationary wave region. If the stationary wave region is streamwise symmetric (asymmetric), the local convective growth results in a local change in wave energy that is transient (permanent).
Enhancing the functional annotation of PDB structures in PDBsum using key figures extracted from the literature
Authors: Laskowski Roman A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMotivation: The Protein Data Bank (PDB) contains over 43 800 experimentally determined 3D models of macromolecular structures and their complexes. Each 3D model reveals something interesting and important about the given molecule's function and biological significance. Usually the best source of this information is the original article describing it, and it is often possible to discern the key aspects of the structure from just one or two of the figures in that article.Results: Here we describe how, with the permission of the journals and their publishers, we have endeavoured to make these key figures publicly available to enhance the functional information relating to each PDB entry in our PDBsum database.Availability: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsumContact: roman@ebi.ac.uk
Dose escalating safety study of CNS 5161 HCl, a new neuronal glutamate receptor antagonist (NMDA) for the treatment of neuropathic pain
Authors: Forst Thomas , Smith Terry , Schütte Klemens , Marcus Paul , Pfützner Andreas ,   for the CNS 5161 Study Group
Published: March 2007

What is already known about this subject • Despite encouraging effects of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in reducing neuropathic pain of different aetiologies, the clinical use of these agents has been limited by their mainly psychotropic side‐effects.• In a recent study in healthy volunteers, CNS 5161, a novel noncompetetive NMDA receptor antagonist, was well tolerated up to a dosage of 2000 µg without psychotropic side‐effects.• This is the first study to evaluate the maximal tolerated dosage of CNS 5161 and to gain experience about the analgesic effect of CNS 5161 in patients with different pain syndromes. What this study adds • In patients with neuropathic pain CNS 5161 is well tolerated up to a dosage of 500 µg with the most common side‐effect of increasing blood pressure, mild visual disturbances and headaches.• While no therapeutic effect can be observed in a dosage up to 250 µg, treatment with 500 µg CNS 5161 provides some indications of analgesic activity.• It appears that this effect occurs predominantly in patients with diabetic neuropathy.Aims The purpose of the current study was to establish the safety and maximal tolerated dose of CNS 5161 HCl.Methods Forty patients with chronic neuropathic pain (23 male, 17 female) were treated with escalating dosages of CNS 5161. All adverse events to study drug, blood pressure, heart rate, ECG, drug level and clinical laboratory values were monitored. Actual pain was measured on a 100‐mm visual analogue scale (VAS) and ordinal verbal pain scores.Results The most commonly occurring nervous system disorder was headache, which was found more often during placebo than during CNS 5161 HCl treatment. Visual disturbances were experienced by 16.7% of patients receiving 250 µg and by 33.3% receiving 500 µg CNS 5161 HCl, but not during placebo treatment. An increase in blood pressure was observed in 8.3% of patients receiving 250 µg and in 50% of patients receiving 500 µg CNS 5161 HCl, compared with 15.4% during placebo treatment. The study was abandoned after two patients entered the 750 µg cohort due to a sustained systolic blood pressure response. Although this study was underpowered for the confirmation of efficacy, some indications of greater pain relief after 500 µg CNS 5161 compared with placebo could be observed (change in VAS between baseline and 12 h 10 ± 22 mm vs. 2 ± 19 mm; P = 0.11).Conclusions CNS 5161 HCl was reasonably well tolerated up to 500 µg. The most common adverse events were hypertension, headache and mild visual disorders.
CYP2B6983T>C polymorphism is prevalent in West Africa but absent in Papua New Guinea: implications for HIV/AIDS treatment
Authors: Mehlotra Rajeev K. , Bockarie Moses J. , Zimmerman Peter A. 
Published: March 2007

What is already known about this subject• The novelCYP2B6functional polymorphism 983T>C (either alone asCYP2B6*18or linked with 785A>G as theCYP2B6*16allele) was found in Africans and African‐Americans but not in Caucasians and Asians.• The polymorphism by itself and together with 516G>T (the key polymorphism in the most frequent variant alleleCYP2B6*6) was associated with significantly higher mean plasma efavirenz concentrations in the African HIV patients.• In Papua New Guinea, the HIV/AIDS epidemic is escalating,CYP2B6*6is highly prevalent, and the prevalence of 983T>C is not known.What this study adds• CYP2B6983T>C is absent in the Papua New Guinea population.• The outcome of treatment with efavirenz may prove different in Papua New Guineans ([CYP2B6*6 +][983T>C –]) compared with Africans or African‐Americans ([CYP2B6*6 +][983T>C +]).AimsTo determine the prevalence of the novelCYP2B6functional polymorphism 983T>C in Papua New Guinea where HIV/AIDS poses a significant health problem.MethodWe genotyped Papua New Guineans (PNG,n = 174), West Africans (WA,n = 170), and North Americans (NA,n = 361).ResultsThe polymorphism was absent in PNG, while its overall frequency was 4.7% in WA. Among NA, the polymorphism was present in African‐Americans (7.5%) and Hispanic‐Americans (1.1%) but not in Caucasian‐Americans and Asian‐Americans. Haplotype analysis indicated that 983T>C was present alone as theCYP2B6*18allele in WA and African‐Americans.ConclusionsSignificant interethnic differences occur at theCYP2B6locus, which may influence treatment outcomes with efavirenz.
Is urinary tract cytology still useful for diagnosis of bladder carcinomas? A large series of 592 bladder washings using a five‐category classification of different cytological diagnoses
Authors: Garbar C. , Mascaux C. , Wespes E. 
Published: March 2007

Background:  The aim of this study was to estimate the efficiency of a recent five‐category urinary cytological classification.Methods:  A total of 592 bladder washings were fixed immediately with Saccomanno's fixative. All samples were centrifuged in a Hettich cyto‐centrifuge. For each sample, the reference standard was the histology when a lesion was present at the time of cystoscopy. A five‐category cytological classification was used: negative, suspicious of low (S‐Lg) or high (S‐Hg) grade neoplasia and consistent with low (Lg) or high (Hg) grade neoplasia.Results:  For cytological diagnoses of S‐Lg and Lg, sensitivity was 37% and specificity was 95% for the histological diagnosis of low‐grade non‐invasive urothelial papillary tumour (Lg‐UPT), which included papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential and low‐grade urothelial carcinoma. For cytological diagnosis of S‐Hg and Hg, sensitivity was 44% for high‐grade non‐invasive urothelial papillary carcinoma (Hg‐UPC), 70% for carcinoma in situ (CIS) and 81% for invasive carcinoma (T1 and higher). Specificity was 99% in each case. Cytological diagnosis of S‐Hg or Hg was not found for Lg‐UPT (0/59) and no cytological diagnosis of S‐Lg or Lg was found for invasive carcinoma, but was seen for Hg‐UPC in 10% (3/28) and for CIS in 6% (3/50) of cases.Conclusion:  Despite the absence of international consensus, the recent five‐category cytological classification for urine is accurate for current urological practice.
Referral compliance, outcome and predictors of CIN after repeated borderline cervical smears in the Netherlands
Authors: Siebers A. G. , Massuger L. F. A. G. , Bulten J. 
Published: March 2007

Background:  Borderline cytological abnormalities are diagnosed very frequently but have limited predictive value for high‐grade cervical lesions, resulting in high costs, patient anxiety and over treatment. A conservative management strategy for the Dutch diagnostic equivalent of borderline nuclear changes (BNC) was introduced in the Netherlands in 1996, with repeat cytology at 6 and 18 months and referral for colposcopy if BNC is persistent.Objective:  To analyse compliance with the current guidelines for referral, as well as the outcome after repeated BNC. Concurrently we investigated whether other variables are predictive of high‐grade lesions.Methods:  We retrieved 1898 eligible cases of repeated BNC with 4 years follow‐up from the national pathology database (PALGA) and performed a nationwide survey.Results:  The management strategy for women with repeated BNC in the Netherlands has been accepted and supported. Seventy‐seven per cent (77%) of the patients had visited a gynaecologist within 1 year and only 4.3% were lost to follow‐up. We found that 25.2% of the patients had a low‐grade lesion or worse (CIN 1+) and 10.2% had a high‐grade lesion or worse (CIN 2+), among which were four malignancies. The only variable associated with CIN or worse was age. Women under 40 years were found to be at a higher risk.Conclusion:  This finding may be used for prioritizing women for colposcopy on the basis of their age. More stringent use of the diagnosis of BNC, higher thresholds for colposcopically directed biopsy and introduction of HPV triage, combined with more specific new techniques or combination of techniques such as molecular markers for P16, MIB‐1 and L1 may reduce the unnecessary high referral rate and over treatment of healthy women.
Comparison of ventilator‐dependent child reports of health‐related quality of life with parent reports and normative populations
Authors: Noyes Jane 
Published: March 2007

Abstract Title. Comparison of ventilator‐dependent child reports of health‐related quality of life with parent reports and normative populations Aims.  This paper is a report of the first study of ventilator‐dependent child and parent ratings of health‐related quality of life using a validated instrument, which was undertaken as part of a case study of costs and consequences.Background.  Advances in medical care and technologies such as the ventilator have extended childhood illness trajectories beyond our current range of knowledge and experience. These advances and their effects reinforce the need for further research to determine health‐related quality of life as an outcome of ventilator‐dependency in childhood.Methods.  The KINDL was administered to ventilator‐dependent children aged 4–18 years and parents as part of an in‐depth case study. Twenty‐seven parents and 17 children (including 17 child‐parent pairs) completed questionnaires. Data were collected between 2001 and 2004. Findings were compared with normative values derived from a representative sample of children of a similar age in the general population.Results.  Ventilator‐dependent children reported significantly lower overall health‐related quality of life, and significantly lower scores on all domains except about their friends, compared with school children, and chronically ill children in respect of their disease. Parents and children rated children's overall health‐related quality of life the same but parents reported significantly lower scores for their child's disease and relationships with friends. There was a positive correlation between children and parents in all areas apart from self‐esteem and school.Conclusions.  Both child and parent perspectives are needed to understand the impact of ventilator‐dependency and associated co‐morbidity on the child. As new interventions and models of service delivery emerge it will be important for nurses to understand the impact on the child by evaluating physical, emotional and social consequences.
The effect of nurses’ use of the principles of learning organization on organizational effectiveness
Authors: Jeong Seok Hee , Lee Taewha , Kim In Sook , Lee Myung Ha , Kim Mi Ja 
Published: March 2007

Abstract Title. The effect of nurses’ use of the principles of learning organization on organizational effectiveness Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to describe the effect on organizational effectiveness of nurses’ use of the principles of learning organization.Background.  Since Senge proposed the learning organization model in 1990, the principles of learning organization have been considered as a new organizational vision. However, there is little empirical evidence that shows how nurses’ use of the principles of learning organization affects organizational effectiveness in healthcare settings.Method.  A cross‐sectional survey was used and the data were collected in 2003. Participants were 629 professional nurses who had worked full‐time for more than 1 year in the general units of nine tertiary medical hospitals in South Korea. A questionnaire was distributed to nurse managers of nine hospitals, who distributed it to 665 nurses, 635 of whom responded (response rate 95·5%). Six returns were discarded due to incomplete responses, leaving 629 for data analysis.Results.  There was a statistically significant positive relationship between nurses’ use of the principles of learning organization and organizational effectiveness. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the concept explained an additional 24·9% of organizational commitment and a further 22·6% of job satisfaction. The learning organization principles of shared vision and team learning were statistically significant predictors for organizational effectiveness.Conclusion.  Individual nurses can use the principles of learning organization to enhance organizational effectiveness. Intervention programmes that integrate and strengthen shared vision and team learning may be useful to enhance organizational effectiveness. Further research is required to identify other factors related to the principles of learning organization.