bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pituitary Progenitor Cells Tracked Down by Side Population Dissection
Authors: Chen Jianghai , Gremeaux Lies , Fu Qiuli , Liekens Daisy , Van Laere Steven , Vankelecom Hugo 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The pituitary gland represents the endocrine core, governing the body's hormonal landscape by adapting its cellular composition to changing demands. It is assumed that stem/progenitor cells are involved in this remodeling. Recently, we uncovered a candidate stem/progenitor cell population in the anterior pituitary. Here, we scrutinized this “side population” (SP) and show that, unexpectedly, not the subset expressing high levels of “stem cell antigen-1” (Sca1high) but the remainder non-Sca1high fraction clusters the pituitary progenitor cells. Transcriptomal interrogation revealed in the non-Sca1high SP upregulated expression of the pituitary stem/progenitor cell markers Sox2 and Sox9, and of multiple factors critically involved in pituitary embryogenesis. The non-Sca1high SP encloses the cells that generate spheres and display multipotent hormone differentiation capacity. In culture conditions selecting for the non-Sca1high subset within the SP, stem cell growth factors that induce SP expansion, affect transcription of embryonic factors, suggesting impact on a developmental program that unfolds within this SP compartment. Non-Sca1high SP cells, revealed by Sox2 expression, are observed in the postulated periluminal stem/progenitor cell niche, but also in small groups scattered over the gland, thereby advocating the existence of multiple niches. In early postnatal mice undergoing a pituitary growth wave, Sox2+ cells are more abundant than in adults, concordant with a larger SP and higher non-Sca1high proportion. Together, we tracked down pituitary progenitor cells by SP phenotype, and thus provide a straightforward method to isolate and scrutinize these cells from the plastic pituitary ex vivo, as well as a culture system for in-depth exploration of their regulatory network.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Fetal growth parameters and birth weight: their relationship to neonatal body composition
Authors: Lee W. , Balasubramaniam M. , Deter R. L. , Hassan S. S. , Gotsch F. , Kusanovic J. P. , Gonçalves L. F. , Romero R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectivesThe main goal was to investigate the relationship between prenatal sonographic parameters and birth weight in predicting neonatal body composition.MethodsStandard fetal biometry and soft tissue parameters were assessed prospectively in third‐trimester pregnancies using three‐dimensional ultrasonography. Growth parameters included biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), mid‐thigh circumference and femoral diaphysis length (FDL). Soft tissue parameters included fractional arm volume (AVol) and fractional thigh volume (TVol) that were derived from 50% of the humeral or femoral diaphysis lengths, respectively. Percentage of neonatal body fat (%BF) was determined within 48 h of delivery using a pediatric air displacement plethysmography system based on principles of whole‐body densitometry. Correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were performed with potential prenatal predictors and %BF as the outcome variable.ResultsEighty‐seven neonates were studied with a mean ± SD %BF of 10.6 ± 4.6%. TVol had the greatest correlation with newborn %BF of all single‐parameter models. This parameter alone explained 46.1% of the variability in %BF and the best stepwise multiple linear regression model was: %BF = 0.129 (TVol) − 1.03933 (P < 0.001). Birth weight similarly explained 44.7% of the variation in %BF. AC and estimated fetal weight (EFW) accounted for only 24.8% and 30.4% of the variance in %BF, respectively. Skeletal growth parameters, such as FDL (14.2%), HC (7.9%) and BPD (4.0%), contributed the least towards explaining the variance in %BF.ConclusionsDuring the late third trimester of pregnancy %BF is most highly correlated with TVol. Similar to actual birth weight, this soft tissue parameter accounts for a significant improvement in explaining the variation in neonatal %BF compared with fetal AC or EFW alone. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fractional limb volume – a soft tissue parameter of fetal body composition: validation, technical considerations and normal ranges during pregnancy
Authors: Lee W. , Balasubramaniam M. , Deter R. L. , Hassan S. S. , Gotsch F. , Kusanovic J. P. , Gonçalves L. F. , Romero R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectivesThe main goals were to provide normal reference ranges for fractional limb volume as a new index of generalized fetal nutritional status, to evaluate the reproducibility of fractional fetal limb volume measurements during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, and to demonstrate technical considerations for this technique.MethodsThis was a prospective, cross‐sectional study of gravid women during mid to late pregnancy. Fractional limb volumes were based on either 50% of humeral or femoral diaphysis length. Each partial volume was subdivided into five equidistant slices that were centered along the mid‐arm or mid‐thigh. Slices were traced manually to obtain fractional arm (AVol) or fractional thigh (TVol) volume. Reproducibility studies were performed, using Bland–Altman plots, to assess blinded interobserver and intraobserver measurement bias and agreement. Selected images were chosen to demonstrate technical factors for the acquisition and analysis of these parameters. Reference charts were established to describe normal ranges for AVol and TVol.ResultsThree hundred and eighty‐seven subjects were scanned to include 380 AVol (range, 1.1–68.3 mL) and 378 TVol (range 2.0–163.2 mL) measurements between 18.0 and 42.1 weeks' menstrual age. No gender differences were found in these soft tissue measurements (AVol,P= 0.90; TVol,P= 0.91; Mann–Whitney test). Intraobserver mean bias ± SD and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) for fractional limb volumes were: 2.2 ± 4.2% (95% LOA, − 6.0 to 10.5%) for AVol and 2.0 ± 4.2% (95% LOA, − 6.3 to 10.3%) for TVol. Interobserver bias and agreement were − 1.9 ± 4.9% (95% LOA, − 11.6 to 7.8%) for AVol and − 2.0 ± 5.4% (95% LOA, − 12.5 to 8.6%) for TVol. Technical factors were related to image optimization, transducer pressure, fetal movement, soft tissue compression and amniotic fluid volume.ConclusionsFractional limb volume assessment may improve the detection and monitoring of malnourished fetuses because this soft tissue parameter can be obtained quickly and reproducibly during mid to late pregnancy. Careful attention should be placed on technical factors that can potentially affect optimal acquisition and analysis of these volume measurements. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of Bis(1‐(E)‐2‐formylpyridine semicarbazone)nickel(II) Diperchlorate Monohydrate
Authors: Garbelini Ellery R. , Hörner Manfredo , Giglio Vinícius F. , da Silva Aline H. , Barison Andersson , Nunes Fábio S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPale‐green crystals of the title complex were prepared by reaction of 2‐formylpyridine semicarbazone (HCSpy) and nickel(II) perchlorate in boiling ethanol. The crystals are triclinic with the nickel ion in an octahedral arrangement, coordinated by two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen donor atom from each ligand molecule. The effect of coordination on bond lengths and angles was explored by comparison with the single‐crystal structure data of the free ligand HSCpy, which was collected as well. The assumed coordination mode was supported by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data. A detailed analysis of the electronic properties, including semi‐empirical quantummechanical calculations is presented. Furthermore, the data obtained from magnetic susceptibility and EPR measurements are in accordance with a low‐spin d8 nickel(II) complex.
Donor‐Acceptor Complexes of Tellurium Polycationic Clusters with Cyanogen
Authors: Beck Johannes , Zink Marcus 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe reactions of cyanogen with Te6[AsF6]4 and Te4[AsF6]2 in SO2 solutions yield Te6[AsF6]4·1.5C2N2 (1) and Te4[AsF6]2·C2N2 (2) as red crystals in quantitative yield. The complexes 1 and 2 are also generated in moderate yield by the reaction of Te, AsF5 and C2N2 in liquid SO2, but by‐products are formed. These reactions show the ability of cyanogen to act as a donor towards tellurium polycations. In the crystal structures, discrete octahedral [AsF6]– ions are present and linear cyanogen molecules, which coordinate the tellurium atoms of the polycations η2 by both nitrogen atoms. In the crystal structure of 1, the trigonal‐prismatic Te64+ clusters are bridged by cyanogen molecules to one‐dimensional zig‐zag chains. The crystal structure of 2 contains square‐planar Te42+ clusters, which are bridged by cyanogen molecules to two‐dimensional sheets. The complexes 1 and 2 represent the first chalcogen polycationic cluster compounds containing a nitrogen ligation. The new compounds are unstable with respect to loss of cyanogen but stable under an atmosphere of C2N2. The Raman spectra of 1 and 2 were investigated and assigned. A serviceable and convenient way to handle air‐sensitive and cold liquids by a transfer needle technique is described.
Motif Identification in Materials Simulations
Authors: Duchstein Patrick , Hochrein Oliver , Zahn Dirk 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe present an algorithm for the identification of structural motifs on large scale atomistic simulation systems of solid materials. Given an arbitrary motif (model), the geometric hashing paradigm is used to find corresponding matches in a large structure (target). To account for real materials, the algorithm tolerates motif deformation and different orientations. Application to solid state science is illustrated by the examples of crystal growth simulations and grain analysis in polycrystalline structures.
Synthesis and Characterization of Rutile TiO2Nanopowders Doped with Iron Ions
Authors: Abazović Nadica D , Mirenghi Luciana , Janković Ivana A , Bibić Nataša , Šojić Daniela V , Abramović Biljana F , Čomor Mirjana I 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanopowders doped with different amounts of Fe ions were prepared by coprecipitation method. Obtained materials were characterized by structural (XRD), morphological (TEM and SEM), optical (UV/vis reflection and photoluminescence, and Raman), and analytical techniques (XPS and ICP-OES). XRD analysis revealed rutile crystalline phase for doped and undoped titanium dioxide obtained in the same manner. Diameter of the particles was 5–7 nm. The presence of iron ions was confirmed by XPS and ICP-OES. Doping process moved absorption threshold of TiO2into visible spectrum range. Photocatalytic activity was also checked. Doped nanopowders showed normal and up-converted photoluminescence.
Development and validation of a Q‐sort measure of identity processing style: The identity processing style Q‐sort☆
Authors: Pittman Joe F. , Kerpelman Jennifer L. , Lamke Leanne K. , Sollie Donna L. 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTIdentity styles represent strategies individuals use to explore identity‐related issues. Berzonsky (Berzonsky, M. D. (1992). Identity style and coping strategies. Journal of Personality, 60, 771–788) identified three styles: informational, normative, and diffuse. In three studies, this paper presents (a) the identity processing style Q‐sort (IPSQ), a new measurement technique for assessing identity styles, along with the reliability and validity of three criterion sorts that represent “ideal types” for the three respective styles, (b) a description of the styles in a sample of 480 college students along with direct comparisons with the paper–pencil measure of identity styles originally developed by Berzonsky, and (c) an examination of convergent and discriminant validity of the IPSQ in a sample of 321 college students based on correlations with measures tapping identity status, family relationship quality, social competence, coping styles, and social desirability. The general discussion concludes that the reliability and validity of the sort are supported and future directions and potential uses are described.
Rectal misoprostol versus intravenous oxytocin for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Nasr Ahmed , Shahin Ahmed Y. , Elsamman Ali M. , Zakherah Mahmoud S. , Shaaban Omar M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of 800 μg of rectal misoprostol compared with an intravenous infusion of 5 IU of oxytocin as prophylaxis against postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).MethodsA total of 514 women in labor were randomized into two groups (257 women in each). Within 1 minute of delivery of the anterior shoulder participants in group 1 received 800 μg of rectal misoprostol and 1 ampoule of normal saline in 5 mL lactated Ringer solution intravenously; group 2 received a rectal placebo tablet and 5 IU of oxytocin in 5 mL lactated Ringer solution intravenously.ResultsBoth groups were comparable regarding the need for uterotonics, blood transfusion, and hematocrit drop of 10% or greater, 24 hours post partum (P= 0.54,P= 0.25, andP= 0.85, respectively). Fever was significantly higher among misoprostol patients (18.7% vs 0.8%,P< 0.001).ConclusionsRoutine use of 800 μg of rectal misoprostol was effective in reducing blood loss after delivery. We recommend the regimen for low‐resource, busy obstetric settings.
Extracellular matrix gene expression during wound healing of the injured rat vocal fold
Authors: Ohno Tsunehisa , Hirano Shigeru , Rousseau Bernard 
Published: February 2009

ObjectivesTo measure the expression of procollagen‐I and ‐III, decorin, and hyaluronan synthase (HAS)‐1, −2, and −3 during the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases of rat vocal fold injury.Study DesignProspective, animal model.Subjects and MethodsVocal folds were injured in 30 rats. Injured specimens were harvested on postinjury days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56. Five uninjured rats were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) control. Real‐time PCR was used to measure the expression of procollagen‐I and ‐III, decorin, and hyaluronan synthase (HAS)‐1, −2, and −3.ResultsCompared with control, expression of procollagen‐I and ‐III were significantly decreased on postinjury days 1 and 56; decorin expression was significantly decreased on postinjury days 1, 3, 7, and 56; HAS‐1 expression was significantly decreased on postinjury days 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56; HAS‐2 expression was significantly decreased on postinjury days 28 and 56; HAS‐3 expression was significantly decreased on postinjury day 56.ConclusionsResults revealed time‐dependent alterations in the expression of genes coding procollagen‐I and ‐III, decorin, and HAS‐1, −2, and −3. Knowledge of the temporal regulation of these genes and underlying histology will be used in future studies to investigate molecular approaches for manipulation of vocal fold injury.
Survey evidence on forecast accuracy of U.S. term spreads
Authors: Baghestani Hamid 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSuccessful portfolio management strategies partly require accurate forecasts of term spreads. Such forecasts may also be useful for policymaking since the yield curve may contain predictive information for economic growth. This study asks whether experts accurately predict term spreads. We show that the consensus forecasts from two separate panels, while superior to alternative benchmark forecasts, are free of systematic bias but unable to replicate the degree of variability in the actual change. Moreover, these forecasts are directionally accurate under symmetric loss, implying that they are of value to a market participant who assigns similar costs to incorrect upward and downward moves.
Trace element and isotope constraints on crustal anatexis by upwelling mantle melts in the North Atlantic Igneous Province: an example from the Isle of Rum, NW Scotland
Authors: MEYER ROMAIN , NICOLL GRAEME R. , HERTOGEN JAN , TROLL VALENTIN R. , ELLAM ROBERT M. , EMELEUS C. HENRY 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSr and Nd isotope ratios, together with lithophile trace elements, have been measured in a representative set of igneous rocks and Lewisian gneisses from the Isle of Rum in order to unravel the petrogenesis of the felsic rocks that erupted in the early stages of Palaeogene magmatism in the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP). The Rum rhyodacites appear to be the products of large amounts of melting of Lewisian amphibolite gneiss. The Sr and Nd isotopic composition of the magmas can be explained without invoking an additional granulitic crustal component. Concentrations of the trace element Cs in the rhyodacites strongly suggests that the gneiss parent rock had experienced Cs and Rb loss prior to Palaeogene times, possibly during a Caledonian event. This depletion caused heterogeneity with respect to87Sr/86Sr in the crustal source of silicic melts. Other igneous rock types on Rum (dacites, early gabbros) are mixtures of crustal melts and and primary mantle melts. Forward Rare Earth Element modelling shows that late stage picritic melts on Rum are close analogues for the parent melts of the Rum Layered Suite, and for the mantle melts that caused crustal anatexis of the Lewisian gneiss. These primary mantle melts have close affinities to Mid-Oceanic Ridge Basalts (MORB), whose trace element content varies from slightly depleted to slightly enriched. Crustal anatexis is a common process in the rift-to-drift evolution during continental break-up and the formation of Volcanic Rifted Margins systems. The ‘early felsic–later mafic’ volcanic rock associations from Rum are compared to similar associations recovered from the now-drowned seaward-dipping wedges on the shelf of SE Greenland and on the Vøring Plateau (Norwegian Sea). These three regions show geochemical differences that result from variations in the regional crustal composition and the depth at which crustal anatexis took place.
AGRICULTURAL LABOUR AND THE CONTESTED NATURE OF WOMEN'S WORK IN INTERWAR ENGLAND AND WALES
Authors: VERDON NICOLA 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTThis article uses a case-study of agriculture to explore the range of anxieties and contradictions surrounding women's work in the interwar period. National statistics are shown to be inconsistent and questionable, raising questions for historians reliant on official data, but they point to regional variation as the continuous defining feature of female labour force participation. Looking beyond the quantitative data a distinction emerges between traditional work on the land and processes. The article shows that women workers in agriculture provoked vigorous debate among a range of interest groups about the scale, nature, and suitability of this work. These groups, such as the National Federation of Women's Institutes, the Women's Farm and Garden Association, and the National Union of Agricultural Workers represented a range of social classes and outlooks, and had diverse agendas underpinning their interest. Consequently women's agricultural labour is exposed as a site of class and gender conflict, connecting to wider economic and cultural tensions surrounding the place of women in interwar society.
THE DISSOLUTION OF THE SPANISH ATLANTIC MONARCHY
Authors: PAQUETTE GABRIEL 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTThe Spanish empire's vertiginous collapse in the first decades of the nineteenth century has long been a source of historiographical disputes. Historians seeking to explain the demise of Spain's dominion in the Americas and the emergence of independent nation-states have identified certain factors as decisive. Among these are: the coalescence of an anti-colonial, national consciousness among creoles; peninsular misrule and economic mismanagement; and the seismic effects of geopolitical upheaval, particularly the Napoleonic occupation of Spain. This historiographical review recapitulates established explanations, introduces a new wave of scholarship on the subject, and identifies topics that may be crucial for future research.
Cattle handling and welfare standards in livestock markets in the UK
Authors: GREGORY N. G. , BENSON T. , MASON C. W. 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYSome fast food restaurants have introduced a trade embargo on beef sold through livestock markets on the grounds that welfare standards associated with live auction markets are worse than standards associated with direct sale to abattoirs. The current study examined the handling difficulties and welfare standards at 24 UK cattle and calf markets, and comparisons were made according to class of animal (mainly store or finished) and according to throughput of the market, <100 livestock units (LSU) per week, 100–300 LSU per week and >300 LSU per week. Handling problems examined included refusal to move, balking, slips, falls, impacts, inappropriate handling such as excessive use of a stick, hazardous jumping and confusion while loading onto vehicles. The most common difficulties were impacts, slips and falls during grading and when putting cattle up to the sale ring. Slipping was also common in finished cattle while they were in the ring, and they were prone to impacts when returning to a holding pen. Refusing to load onto vehicles after the sale was common in both finished and store cattle. Calves were prone to going down on their knees when moving onto the tailboards of vehicles. Of the markets, 0·47 had potential bruising or impact points in the grading facilities and 0·67 of the markets did not have a way of ensuring that legs did not get trapped between gates and gateposts if cattle attempted to jump out of a holding pen. In most other respects the prevalence of weaknesses in the facilities and problems during handling was low.
Seroprevalence of human Taenia solium cysticercosis in Haiti
Authors: Raccurt C.P. , Agnamey P. , Boncy J. , Henrys J.-H. , Totet A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHuman Taenia solium cysticercosis is common in developing countries due to poor sanitary conditions and economics based on breeding livestock, especially pigs, with low hygiene standards. Neurocysticercosis, caused by migration of the larvae of the tapeworm in the nervous system, is the leading cause of acquired epilepsy in adults in Central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and East and South Asia. This makes neurocysticercosis a large public health problem in developing countries. Two clinical cases of neurocysticercosis have been observed recently in Haiti. In order to evaluate the prevalence of human T. solium cysticercosis in this country, in 2007 we conducted a cross-sectional serological retrospective survey using a Western blotting test (LDBIO Diagnostics®) in Port-au-Prince, where sewage systems are rare and swine usually roam freely throughout the area. A total of 216 serum samples, obtained from healthy adults seen in the work setting of periodical medical visits, were tested after storage at − 20°C. The frequency of antibodies in serum samples of the study population was 2.8% (6/216). The immunodominant bands recognized in Western blots were 23–26 kDa (100%), 39 kDa (67%), 45 kDa and 6–8 kDa (50%), 50–55 kDa (33%). These results confirm for the first time an endemic situation of cysticercosis in humans in Haiti, with similar prevalence as that reported in other Latin American and African countries. It reinforces the urgent need for control and prevention measures to be taken by local public health services.