bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Linguistic Differences in Electronic Health Records for Diverse Patients With Diabetes: Natural Language Processing Analysis
Authors: Bilotta Isabel , Tonidandel Scott , Liaw Winston R , King Eden , Carvajal Diana N , Taylor Ayana , Thamby Julie , Xiang Yang , Tao Cui , Hansen Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Individuals from minoritized racial and ethnic backgrounds experience pernicious and pervasive health disparities that have emerged, in part, from clinician bias.

Objective
We used a natural language processing approach to examine whether linguistic markers in electronic health record (EHR) notes differ based on the race and ethnicity of the patient. To validate this methodological approach, we also assessed the extent to which clinicians perceive linguistic markers to be indicative of bias.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we extracted EHR notes for patients who were aged 18 years or older; had more than 5 years of diabetes diagnosis codes; and received care between 2006 and 2014 from family physicians, general internists, or endocrinologists practicing in an urban, academic network of clinics. The race and ethnicity of patients were defined as White non-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, or Hispanic or Latino. We hypothesized that Sentiment Analysis and Social Cognition Engine (SEANCE) components (ie, negative adjectives, positive adjectives, joy words, fear and disgust words, politics words, respect words, trust verbs, and well-being words) and mean word count would be indicators of bias if racial differences emerged. We performed linear mixed effects analyses to examine the relationship between the outcomes of interest (the SEANCE components and word count) and patient race and ethnicity, controlling for patient age. To validate this approach, we asked clinicians to indicate the extent to which they thought variation in the use of SEANCE language domains for different racial and ethnic groups was reflective of bias in EHR notes.

Results
We examined EHR notes (n=12,905) of Black non-Hispanic, White non-Hispanic, and Hispanic or Latino patients (n=1562), who were seen by 281 physicians. A total of 27 clinicians participated in the validation study. In terms of bias, participants rated negative adjectives as 8.63 (SD 2.06), fear and disgust words as 8.11 (SD 2.15), and positive adjectives as 7.93 (SD 2.46) on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being extremely indicative of bias. Notes for Black non-Hispanic patients contained significantly more negative adjectives (coefficient 0.07, SE 0.02) and significantly more fear and disgust words (coefficient 0.007, SE 0.002) than those for White non-Hispanic patients. The notes for Hispanic or Latino patients included significantly fewer positive adjectives (coefficient −0.02, SE 0.007), trust verbs (coefficient −0.009, SE 0.004), and joy words (coefficient −0.03, SE 0.01) than those for White non-Hispanic patients.

Conclusions
This approach may enable physicians and researchers to identify and mitigate bias in medical interactions, with the goal of reducing health disparities stemming from bias.
Preliminary Survey in preparation for the implementation of ERAS at Dr Soetomo Hospital
Authors: Veterini Anna , Firdaus Khildan Miftahul , Semedi Bambang Pujo , Putri Herdiani Sulistyo , Fitritati Mariza , Mutiar Airi 
Published: April 2024

Background
Medical science has developed rapidly. One of them is ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) which is a multidisciplinary team development pathway for perioperative methods that offer a variety of benefits. Some of the advantages of the ERAS method are speeding up the post-operative recovery period, economic benefits, and shortening the Length of Stay (LOS) by minimizing surgical stress so that the patient quickly returns to a normal physiological state.
Objective
This study aims to analyze the readiness of the team that will support the ERAS application at General Academic Hospital (RSUD) Dr Soetomo.
Methods
This is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design using a questionnaire. Patient baseline data were taken from the examination at the anesthesiology outpatient clinic. Assessment for patient understanding was carried out directly after a brief explanation of ERAS method by the researcher. The patient's level of understanding was assessed by two investigators and rated on a scale of 1 to 5. Primary data and assessment of understanding of doctors and medical personnel were filled in independently by research subjects on online forms and rated on a scale of 1 to 5. Data was collected from March 23 to April 14 2022, at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. The analysis results are considered significant if the p-value is less than 0.05. The analysis was carried out using SPSS 19 software.
Results
Most patients planned to undergo surgery in the field of urology (82.9%), followed by caesarean section (14.6), and almost all patients or their families agreed to surgery using the ERAS method (95.1%). The medical team consists of 110 doctors from 4 areas of expertise, namely specialist doctors and residents in anesthesiology, urology surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, as well as orthopedics and traumatology. The health team consists of 56 personnel, namely anesthesiologists, surgeons, recovery room nurses, nutritionists and pharmacists. The majority (61%) of health workers had heard about ERAS and stated that ERAS was ready to be implemented at RSUD Dr. Soetomo (89%). Most doctors stated that ERAS was ready to be implemented at Dr. Soetomo and its human resources and facilities are considered qualified.
Conclusion
The ERAS method at RSUD Dr. Soetomo is considered quite ready to start, especially the Obsgyn study program, which is supposed to have an excellent level of understanding of ERAS and is enthusiastic to begin immediately. The patient group can be said to understand and accept the ERAS method well as a perioperative method for handling their cases.
HUBUNGAN RASIO BUN-ALBUMIN PLASMA TERHADAP MORTALITAS DAN LAMA RAWAT PASIEN COVID-19 DI RSUP DR. SARDJITO
Authors: Primastuti Githa Rizki 
Published: April 2024

Latar Belakang: Peningkatan insidensi pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan tingkat mortalitas dan lama rawat yang cukup tinggi pada negara berkembang. Deteksi dini diperlukan untuk menekan angka mortalitas. Metode deteksi dini dilaporkan, seperti RT-PCR, immunoassay, dan CT-scan, tetapi memerlukan biaya mahal. Peningkatan BUN dengan penurunan albumin adalah kondisi laboratorium yang dihasilkan oleh keadaan inflamasi tinggi, seperti COVID-19. Hubungan rasio BUN-Albumin plasma penderita pneumonia terbukti dalam memprediksi mortalitas dan lama rawat lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan parameter tunggal BUN atau albumin. Jika terbukti berhubungan, penanda ini menguntungkan karena dapat diakses secara luas, sederhana, dan ekonomis.
Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara rasio BUN-Albumin plasma terhadap mortalitas dan lama rawat pasien COVID-19 di RSUP Dr. Sardjito.
Metode: Rancangan penelitian dengan metode studi observasional kohort retrospektif pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 di RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Data kadar BUN dan albumin plasma saat admisi dikumpulkan untuk menghitung cut-off optimal menggunakan kurva ROC. Hubungan antara kadar rasio BUN-Albumin dengan mortalitas dianalisis dengan metode chi-square test dilanjutkan dengan regresi logistik pada analisis multivariat. Analisis terhadap lama rawat inap
menggunakan analisis survival cox-regression dan dinyatakan signifikan apabila menghasilkan p < 0,05.
Hasil: Total subjek penelitian adalah 1650 pasien, dengan median usia 56 tahun. Nilai cut-off rasio BUN-Albumin dalam memprediksi mortalitas didapatkan 5,634, dengan sensitivitas 65,0% dan spesifisitas 63,7%. (AUC = 0,689; 95% CI 0,663-0,715; p=0,001). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan rasio BUN-Albumin menjadi faktor yang independen dan signifikan sebagai prediktor mortalitas (OR 2,378; 95% CI 1,809 – 3,127) dan lama rawat pasien (HR 0,655; 95% CI 0,574 - 0,748; p<0,001). Usia, jenis kelamin, penggunaan oksigenasi tekanan positif, hipertensi, obesitas, PPOK, dan asma tidak secara independent berhubungan dengan mortalitas.
Kesimpulan: Peningkatan rasio BUN-Albumin secara independen dan signifikan berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko mortalitas dan lama rawat inap pasien COVID-19.
Kinetics of β-2-Microglobulin with Hemodiafiltration and High-Flux Hemodialysis
Authors: Ward Richard A. , Daugirdas John T. 
Published: April 2024

Key Points

Addition of hemodiafiltration has a relatively small impact on reducing either predialysis or time-averaged serum β-2-microglobulin levels.Residual kidney function has a major impact on the predialysis and time-averaged serum β-2-microglobulin levels.

Background
A kinetic model for β-2-microglobulin removal and generation was used to explore the impact of adding hemodiafiltration on predialysis and time-averaged serum values.

Methods
The model was tested on data from the HEMO study and on a sample of patients undergoing high-flux hemodialysis. The impact of hemodiafiltration on β-2-microglobulin levels was evaluated by modeling four randomized studies of hemodiafiltration versus hemodialysis. The impact of residual kidney function on β-2-microglobulin was tested by comparing results of previously reported measured data with model predictions.

Results
In the low-flux and high-flux arms of the HEMO study, measured median β-2-microglobulin reduction ratios could be matched by dialyzer clearances of 5.9 and 29 ml/min, respectively. Median predialysis serum β-2-microglobulin levels were matched if generation rates of β-2-microglobulin were set to approximately 235 mg/d. In another group of patients treated with dialyzers with increased β-2-microglobulin clearances, measured cross-dialyzer clearances (57±28 ml/min) were used as inputs. In these studies, the kinetic model estimates of intradialysis and early postdialysis serum β-2-microglobulin levels were similar to median measured values. The model was able to estimate the changes in predialysis serum β-2-microglobulin in each of four published randomized comparisons of hemodiafiltration with hemodialysis, although the model predicted a greater decrease in predialysis serum β-2-microglobulin with hemodiafiltration than was reported in two of the studies. The predicted impact of residual kidney clearance on predialysis serum β-2-microglobulin concentrations was similar to that reported in one published observational study. Modeling predicted that postdilution hemodiafiltration using 25 L/4 hours replacement fluid would lower serum time-averaged concentration of β-2-microglobulin by about 18.2%, similar to the effect of 1.50 ml/min residual kidney GFR.

Conclusions
A two-pool kinetic model of β-2-microglobulin yielded values of reduction ratio and predialysis serum concentration that were consistent with measured values with various hemodiafiltration and hemodialysis treatment regimens.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2024_08_01_CJASNJuly197812024.mp3
Impulsividad y obesidad: una relación multidimensional
Authors: Guillén Riebeling Raquel del Socorro 
Published: April 2024

Las causas de la obesidad son multifactoriales que van desde la genética, la biología, pasando por las ciencias sociales, la psicológica hasta las disciplinas que contribuyen en su explicación desde su campo conceptual como la astronomía. Para algunas aproximaciones psicológicas de la obesidad señalan que es el resultado del comer en exceso de la persona. Este comer excesivo a su vez se explica por la falta de control de impulsos, respuestas compulsivas, desenfreno o voracidad. De aquí que el propósito de la psicoterapia sea: brindar habilidades para manejar diversas señales de alimentación excesiva y corregir errores en el régimen dietético y de actividad física (Torres et al., 2011). Responder ante una situación provocadora tiene su estilo: de manera inmediata, casi refleja, se puede catalogar de forma impulsiva, por sus componentes cognoscitivos, primero “el hacerlo sin pensar”, segundo valorar la acción y darse cuenta de ello. Generando componentes emocionales: el darse cuenta acciona el remordimiento, la vergüenza o la culpa. Y la ausencia de reacción emocional o emoción plana. Esta particularidad de comportamiento ha sido abordada por la psicología y etiquetada como: activación, conducta no reflexiva, impulsiva, sin control o mal adaptativa.
El propósito del presente trabajo fue identificar la relación de la obesidad con la impulsividad, esta última considerada como impulsos generados por el individuo a través de procesos psicológicos como la conducta, cogniciones, emociones, personalidad, neurológicos y psicopatologías con vinculación con la alimentación y otras variables socio-psicológicas, reportadas en publicaciones científicas. Las conclusiones muestran la multi-dimensionalidad de su relación y las consideraciones para la atención en salud.
Novel crushing technique for measuring δ18O and δ2H values of fluid inclusions (H2O) in quartz mineral veins using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
Authors: Huseynov A.A.O. , (Jeroen) H. J. L. van der Lubbe , Verdegaal-Warmerdam Suzan , Postma O. , Schroeder J. , Vonhof Hubert 
Published: April 2024

Fluid inclusions in mineralized fracture infillings (i.e. veins) could
preserve information about sub-surface fluids like temperature and
salinity. The isotopic composition of water in these fluid inclusions
could provide direct evidence of the provenance of these fluids and
indirectly about the temperatures and rate of vein formation. So far,
the isotope compositions of fluid inclusions have been mainly derived
from carbonate veins and other precipitates, like speleothems. The aim
of this study is to analyse the δO and
δH isotopic compositions of aqueous fluid inclusions
of quartz veins using a Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) analyser in
combination with a moisturized nitrogen background and mechanical
stepwise crushing. For this study, we analysed δO
and δH values of fluid inclusions in quartz veins
from three north-western European locations formed during the Variscan
orogeny. Prior to crushing, the fluid-rich quartz fraction was separated
from the pure quartz fraction from other mineral phases and host rock by
using conventional heavy liquids and magnet separation. Raman
spectrometry detected some rare occurrences of hydrocarbon, methane and
nitrogen in the fluid inclusions. The samples were sequentially crushed
to understand the impact of different fluid inclusion assemblages (FIA)
on δO and δH isotopic values.
The results from single and stepwise mechanical crushing, together with
interlaboratory comparisons, exhibit, reliable and consistent isotopic
patterns across locations with high accuracy and precision (for
δO 1SD<0.8 ‰; for δH
1SD< 1.5‰). The obtained data aligns with the existing Global
Meteoric Water Line, providing evidence for the presence of meteoric
fluids in the examined fold-and-thrust belt of the Variscan orogeny.
These findings demonstrate that the CRDS approach can be successfully
used in other geological research to investigate fluids pathways within
the upper crust and the formation of minerals.
Group Audit Risk and Component Auditor Use: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis
Authors: Gunny Katherine A. , Mao Juan , Zhang Jing 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARY
This study examines the association between group audit risk and component auditor use. The audit risk model defines audit risk as a function of the risk of material misstatement and detection risk. We use the revelation of an internal control material weakness (ICMW) as an event that increases the risk of material misstatement. Since higher risk of material misstatement requires the lead auditor to reduce detection risk, component auditor use could change after an ICMW. We find that the likelihood of starting component auditor use significantly increases after an ICMW. We also find an increase in the number of large component auditors used after an ICMW and such increase is concentrated in more pervasive entity-level ICMWs and higher-quality component auditors. Our evidence indicates that lead auditors perceive component auditor use as decreasing group audit risk. Our findings should inform the debate on the costs and benefits of component auditor use.
Effect of Variations of Roasting Temperature on the Physicochemical Properties of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora L.)
Authors: Ramanda Muhammad Rizky , Prameswari Azzahra Fali , Ulfa Masayu Nur 
Published: April 2024

Robusta coffee has become the most planted coffee in Indonesia and a vital commodity. Robusta coffee is characterized by a more caffeine content, bitter taste, and slightly more acidic compared to that of Arabica coffee. The roasting process is important factors contributing to shape taste, aroma, and the physical characteristics of coffee beans. This study seeks to compare the physicochemical properties of Robusta coffee originated from West Lampung and Tanggamus, and to assess the impact of roasting temperature (light at 190°C, medium at 200°C, and dark at 210°C). Measurement was conducted in duplicate. The findings indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in ash content, moisture content, and pH between coffee from West Lampung and Tanggamus, while color and caffeine content did not differ significantly (p>0.05). The geographic origin of coffee beans influences their physicochemical properties. Moreover, all examined parameters (ash content, moisture content, pH, color, and caffeine content) show a direct relationship with the roasting temperature. Consequently, roasting temperature plays a pivotal role in shaping the physicochemical properties of coffee beans. Keywords: Caffeine, Coffee, Region, Roasting, Temperature.
The comfort level in breast cancer patients’ based on patients’ characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nuraini Tuti , Yusuf Yushlihah Rofiati , Rachmi Shanti Farida , Gayatri Dewi 
Published: April 2024

Background: Comfort level in breast cancer patients is one of the most critical factors influencing patientâ€™s treatment commitment. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various sectors, especially health status.
Objectives: This study aims to describe patients' comfort levels during the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate the relationship between patientsâ€™ characteristics and comfort levels.
Methods: This study involved 108 respondents using a consecutive sampling technique at one time (cross-sectional). The research instrument was Comfort Assessment Breast Cancer Instrument (CABCI). The data were analyzed using Chi-Square.
Results: The results showed that the comfort level in this study is categorized as comfortable. The best comfort aspect is the environmental aspect and the least is the physical aspect. In addition, there are two variables related to comfort, treatment (p = 0.007; Î± = 0.05) and treatment room (p = 0.000; Î± = 0.05). The best comfort level was found in chemotherapy treatment and outpatient rooms. Patients feel comfortable with a neat, clean, conducive hospital environment and the implementation of health protocols. These aspects could effectively prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Conclusions: The results of this study recommend nursing services to optimize all aspects of comfort, which could still be improved. Interventions that maintain or improve comfort will optimize patientsâ€™ health conditions.
Footprints of Stress in Vitiligo: Association of the 5-HTR2C rs6318 Variant
Authors: Yilmaz Izel , Yazici Serkan , Ergoren Mahmut Cerkez , Baskan Emel Bulbul , Oral Haluk Barbaros , Aydogan Kenan , Temel Sehime Gulsun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Vitiligo is a chronic, progressive autoimmune dermatological disease, and stress is known to have an impact on the development of vitiligo. However, the effect of the serotonin pathway and its impact have not been clearly explained for disease progression. Thus, this study aimed to clarify the stress induced serotonin receptor 5-HTR2C rs6318 variant and its association with vitiligo pathogenesis.
Case-control study was conducted with 108 vitiligo patients and 107 age-sex matched, unrelated healthy control group. Real Time-PCR analysis was used for genotyping the 5-HTR2C variation. Genotype and allele frequencies, genotype distributions, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) and vitiligo-related risk measurements were examined. Genotype correlations of the variant were also analyzed based on gender difference, age onset, Koebner phenomenon history, triggered with stress, clinical subgroups, treatment types, the presence of other autoimmune diseases, vitiligo presence in family members and other auto-immune diseases in relatives.
Statistical differences in 5HT-R2C receptor genotypes and allele frequencies between patients and controls were not detected. Genotype frequencies were not in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in the patients’ group (p<0.00001). The frequency of the risk allele (allele C) was not significantly different between the patient and control groups (p=0.1392). However, in the clinical subgroup analysis, the risk allele presence was detected to be significantly higher for early age onset (<40 years) vitiligo development (p=0.035, OR=Infinity, RR=1.391) and lower in Koebner phenomenon history (p=0.0276, OR= 0.219, RR=0.325).
In conclusion, although there was no association between the 5-HTR2C variant rs6318 and vitiligo, current results indicate that there is an association between the 5HTR2C rs6318 variant C allele and early onset vitiligo development.
Morphological and molecular characterizations of Pratylenchus coffeae infecting Ming aralia and coffee in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen H. D. , Nguyen H. T. , Le T. M. L. , Hoang D. D. , Nguyen T. D. , Trinh Q. P. 
Published: April 2024

Summary

Pratylenchus coffeae, belonging to the root-lesion nematode group, is a highly prevalent and destructive plant-parasitic nematode that is able to infest a wide range of host plants. Although this species' devastating impacts on coffee plantations across the world are widely known on other host plants, its association with Ming aralia has never been reported. Our study characterized two popu lations of P. coffeae (associated with Ming aralia and coffee) and compared them with other popu lations from previous studies in Vietnam and other countries in the world. The identification of P. coffeae in our study was confirmed by the comprehensive analysis encompassing morphological examination, morphometric data, and molecular characterizations of the COI mtDNA and D2D3 of 28S rRNA regions. The cluster and MDS analyses revealed that the two populations of P. coffeae from Vietnam are closely related to those from Japan and Indonesia. The D2-D3 sequences of 28S rRNA and COI mtDNA regions exhibited high similarity among these populations, indicating a stable genetic profile. Our research contributes to a better understanding of the distribution and genetic characterizations of P. coffeae by offering new morphological and molecular insights into the presence of this nematode in Vietnam. Additionally, this nematode species was found to be associated with host plant's symptoms such as chlorotic leaves, stunted growth and root lesion in both hosts. Given the economic significance of both Ming aralia and coffee crops in Vietnam, as well as the damaging potential of P. coffeae, this study emphasizes the need of proactive nematode management measures to control this destructive pest.