bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting Anomalies in Water Quality Monitoring Using Deep Learning
Authors: Tharayil Sarafudheen M. , Alomari Nada K. , Bubshait Dana K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Water quality monitoring is essential for ensuring the safety and sustainability of water resources and protecting public health and the environment. However, water quality data may contain anomalies, which are deviations from the normal behavior of the data. Anomalies can be caused by various factors, such as sensor faults, environmental disturbances, human interventions, or malicious attacks. Anomalies can affect the accuracy and reliability of water quality assessment and management and may lead to false alarms, missed detections, or incorrect decisions. Therefore, it is important to detect and remove anomalies from water quality data in a timely and effective manner. In this paper, we propose a novel multivariate deep learning technique, called Hybrid Multivariate Long Short-Term Memory (HM-LSTM), for detecting anomalies in water quality monitoring using multivariate time series data. HM-LSTM is a hybrid model of multiple performing neural networks and long short-term memory networks that can effectively learn and detect anomalies from water quality data. We apply our technique to a real-world water quality dataset collected from industrial fields in the Middle East and compare it with several baseline methods. We show that our technique can achieve higher performance and provide detailed information about the water status and the types and causes of anomalies. We also provide explanations for the anomaly detection results by using the attention mechanism and the anomaly score. Our technique can benefit from the spatial and temporal features of the data, and enhance the anomaly detection performance by focusing on the most relevant features. Our technique can be applied to other domains and scenarios that involve multivariate time series data, such as smart cities, smart health, smart agriculture, and smart industry
Zero or Negatively Valued Waste Produced Water to Positively Valued Feedstock by Recovery of Valuable Minerals and Fresh Water
Authors: Muhammad M. , Ayirala S. , Yousef A. , Samouei H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The oil and gas industry consumes substantial volumes of fresh water and salts for various oilfield applications. At the same time, large volumes of various high-salinity brine streams are produced during the production of oil and gas. These produced water streams, not being utilized for any other applications such as reservoir reinjection for pressure maintenance, are becoming an increasing burden for the environment. From a societal and governance perspective, an economical Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) process coupled with mineral recovery is the most sustainable path to follow. Several existing water treatment technologies can be considered to obtain produced water ZLD. However, to meet the economic and environmental targets, a careful selection of technologies is adapted to achieve full recovery of water and minerals from a given produced water stream. A low temperature evaporation and crystallization dynamic vapor recovery is used for high salinity (up to 200,000 ppm TDS) produced water. The rejected brine from these processes is further treated to separate valuable minerals selectively. For the high salinity produced water, dynamic vapor recovery technology is proven to have a recovery efficiency of greater than 75%, generating less than 200 ppm TDS water for industrial and agricultural use. The reject stream (saturated salt solution) from this process is subjected to mineral recovery, resulting in the recovery of 99.3% pure NaCl as one of the first recovered salts. Several existing separation technologies are evaluated to recover additional valuable minerals (Calcium, Strontium, Magnesium, and Lithium products) from the reject stream of the NaCl recovery process. Lessons learned from other industrial brine treatment projects dealing with complex brines are carried over to the Oil and Gas applications to introduce the effective, reliable, and economical treatment of brines such as produced water. The revenue from the treated water and minerals can be more to offset the capital and operating costs. Thus, "any non-utilized Produced Water could be priced as positively valued feedstock instead of a zero or negatively valued waste product."
Water Treatment Plant Strategy Improvements for Thermal Operation
Authors: Al Fazari M. , Hinai A. , Aulaqi M. , Ghafri M. , Sarhani A. , Al Maskary H. , Sivanappan U. , Subhi H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Petroleum Development Oman LLC (PDO) is Oman's premier oil producer and operates several fields. Thermal Development is one of key enablers in Oman for significant Oil Recovery. "A" facility is designed to receive Aquifer Pump-off (APO) water from reservoir and use it for steam generation after it get treated in Water Treatment Plant (WTP).
Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery application in Sultanate of Oman has been first operated in Gulf region back in 2012 with enormous lesson learnt insights on selecting and operating water treatment facilities.
The Purpose of Water Treatment plant is to remove hardness of APO Well Water to make it suitable for Steam generation. The processes involve removal of suspended solids, traces of oil and dissolved minerals from water.
Quality of boiler (steam generator) feedwater is of critical importance in steam injection projects. Field experience indicates that most generators downtime is caused by water treatment performance concerns, hence operating outside water quality specification results in damaging mechanisms of the boiler tubes i.e., corrosion and scaling deposition.
Maintaining safe operation of Amal boilers has come with huge annual OPEX Cost of &gt;40% of total "A" Facility Expenditure from chemical treatment, boilers inspection/repair and steam unavailability due to maintenance. Ensuring safe operation of Amal boilers involved looking thoroughly at various technical displaces and aspect which detailed study of followings:
Steam Quality Boiler Integrity Boiler feedwater Limits Other Water Treatment Option Boiler Flow Assurance Chemical Treatment
Therefore, comprehensive reviews/ studies from multi disciplines were conducted to identify areas of risk and provide recommendations for proper mitigations.
The objective of this paper is to summarize the outcomes of the water treatment plant enhancement project executed to debottleneck the capacity of existing WTPs and provide the detailed investigation on WTP and potential boilers integrity concerns, develop technical guidelines and agreed recommendations across all PDO operation.
Oil in Water Quality Monitoring in Real Time: Applications for Produced Water: Disposal and Re-Injection Case Studies
Authors: Torne Juan P. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The present paper introduces an integrated equipment system developed and patented jointly with Ecopetrol to monitor in real time water quality parameters for produced water from mature fields. This paper includes equipment details starting from electronics to the description of a special package developed to detect suspended oil in water. The field implementation meant a new and more cost-effective manner to not only monitor water quality but also to improve operation sequences in treatment plants. Monitoring process is necessary to control the quality from production and processing water plants considering the importance of keeping all the parameters within the limits established by regulations or recommendations, including the volume of suspended oil in water.
The process of conditioning water for discharge or reuse in hydrocarbon treatment plants is complex and involves many special equipment. This monitoring equipment allows to track and follow up the process and final water parameters integrating simple transducers, electronics, special case materials and real time communications in a cost effective manner which is important in the current business environment.
Water is essential for life on the planet, all living things are related to water in one way or another. Traditionally, water on average is used between 60-70% in agriculture, 20-30% in industrial activities (where water used in Hydrocarbon Industry is included) and 10% in human consumption worldwide.
Utilization of Sour Disposal Water for Irrigation and Plant Usage
Authors: Chukkala Chandra Shekar , Srinivas J Ravi , Al Mulla Hassa , Kumar P Anandh , Srivastava Alok 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
ADNOC Sour Gas (ASG) operates the Shah Gas Processing Plant (SGP) which receives and processes sour fluids from the nearby Shah Arab Sour Gas Field. Wastewater streams come from a variety of sources, the largest of which is associated or production water coming from the wells along with the well(s) fluids. There are a variety of impurities found in this water, such as oil, suspended and dissolved solids, COD and BOD, CO2 as well as H2S. The existing wastewater treatment consists of stripper and hydro cyclones to partially treat the wastewater to remove H2S (upto 400 ppm), oil and TDS etc. and sent for disposal into injection well post treatment.
ASG is planning to utilize a total of 120 m3/hr disposal sour water (H2S and CO2) for irrigation purpose/ plant internal use post meeting specifications while limiting H2S (below detectable limit), TDS (300 mg/l), COD (50 mg/l), Oil (0.5 mg/l) etc. Along with the selected consultant, ASG explored multiple process schemes; Fenton's & Ozonation process. Fenton's process is an effective chemical oxidation technique used to remove hydrogen sulphide and other organic pollutants from sour water in wastewater treatment. It involves the use of iron catalysts and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate hydroxyl radicals (∙OH), which are highly reactive and capable of breaking down H2S into harmless compounds. Ozonation is a powerful oxidation process employed to eliminate both the hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and COD from industrial wastewater, converting it into less harmful sulphate ions, improving overall wastewater quality and mitigating environmental impact.
Ozonation presents notable advantages over Fenton's oxidation process for H2S removal from gas streams. Firstly, ozonation operates without the introduction of additional chemicals, simplifying the treatment setup. Secondly, its oxidation efficiency is higher, ensuring comprehensive H2S conversion without generating secondary by-products. Thirdly, ozonation produces less sludge, minimizing waste disposal concerns. Moreover, its resistance to pH fluctuations makes it adaptable to diverse gas stream conditions. Collectively, these benefits position ozonation as a superior choice for efficient, streamlined, and environmentally conscious H2S removal.
This paper reviews options for sour water treatment process in addition to existing stripper configuration to make it fit for irrigation and / or plant internal usage. It presents a comparison between the two processes in the selection process which includes pilot plant results with product specifications and units involved in the treatment process.
Retinal Involvements Secondary to Parasitic Infections in Iran
Authors: Shokri Azar , Jalalifar Samira , Fakhar Mahdi , Sadeghi Mohammad Montazemi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective Little is discussed about retinal changes due to intestinal parasitic infections in humans worldwide. Design: We decided to investigate the presence of retinal changes in cases with intestinal parasitic infections in case and control groups. 75 cases that were infected with at least one parasitic infection and 75 healthy controls were chosen.Methods In this study, we investigated the presence of retinal change in people with intestinal parasitic infections. All infected and healthy cases underwent an ophthalmologic exam to discover retinal salt and pepper lesions.Results Of 75 infected cases, 4 cases had retinal salt and pepper lesions. All of these cases were infected with the Giardia lamblia parasite. Two cases were of school age and two stayed-home mothers. The cases were examined after proper anti-parasite treatment and the retinal lesions were cured in only one of four cases.Conclusions Considering this point that parasitic infections are more common in children who somehow are not able to explain their vision problems, maybe it's time to pay special attention to parasitic infections in patients, especially children.
Multi-omics analysis in inclusion body myositis identifies mir-16 responsible for HLA overexpression
Authors: Wijnbergen Daphne , Johari Mridul , Ozisik Ozan , Hoen Peter A.C. 't , Ehrhart Friederike , Baudot Anaïs , Evelo Chris T. , Udd Bjarne , Roos Marco , Mina Eleni 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background Inclusion Body Myositis is an acquired muscle disease. Its pathogenesis is unclear due to the co-existence of inflammation, muscle degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction. We aimed to provide a more advanced understanding of the disease by combining multi-omics analysis with prior knowledge. We applied molecular subnetwork identification to find highly interconnected subnetworks with a high degree of change in Inclusion Body Myositis. These could be used as hypotheses for potential pathomechanisms and biomarkers that are implicated in this disease.Results Our multi-omics analysis resulted in five subnetworks that exhibit changes in multiple omics layers. These subnetworks are related with antigen processing and presentation, chemokine-mediated signaling, immune response-signal transduction, rRNA processing, and mRNA splicing. An interesting finding is that the antigen processing and presentation subnetwork links the underexpressed miR-16-5p to overexpressed HLA genes by negative expression correlation. In addition, the rRNA processing subnetwork contains the RPS18 gene, which is not differentially expressed, but has significant variant association. The RPS18 gene could potentially play a role in the underexpression of the genes involved in 18S ribosomal RNA processing, which it is highly connected to.Conclusions Our analysis highlights the importance of interrogating multiple omics to enhance knowledge discovery in rare diseases. We report five subnetworks that can provide additional insights into the molecular pathogenesis of Inclusion Body Myositis. Our analytical workflow can be reused as a method to study disease mechanisms involved in other diseases when multiple omics datasets are available.
The role of TRPC6-mediated autophagy in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Shoutian , Wu Jian , Han Han , Li Junhao , Xie Dongge , Zhong Yunlong , Zhang Jiaji , Liu Yong , Zhang Zhongqing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cell and body damage are encouraged by myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). The pathophysiology of cardiac I/R damage is mostly caused by oxidative stress, calcium excess, and inflammation. Cardiomyocytes' MI/RI is significantly influenced by autophagy. Through lysosome-mediated degradation, autophagy is a dynamic process that eliminates damaged organelles and long-lived proteins. This process has an antioxidant impact that lowers oxidative stress. An essential part of MI/RI is played by canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6), a nonselective cation channel that permits passage of Ca2+. It is yet unknown, nevertheless, how TRPC6 and autophagy relate to each other in MI/RI. In this work, we observed that following myocardial/ischaemia-reperfusion, autophagy and apoptosis increased, and that the production of autophagosomes and autophagy-related proteins, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and cell damage decreased under TRPC6 suppression or knockout. Myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury may benefit from targeting TRPC6-mediated autophagy as a potential novel therapeutic target in the future.
tracerDB: A crowdsourced fluorescent tracer database for target engagement analysis
Authors: Schwalm Martin , Dopfer Johannes , Vasta James , Muller Susanne , Knapp Stefan , Robers Matthew 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Investigating ligand-protein complexes is an essential technology in chemical biology and drug discovery. However, information on key reagents such as fluorescent tracers and associated data for the development of widely used NanoBRET, TR-FRET and FP assays is not easily accessible to the research community. We have created tracerDB, a curated database of validated tracers. This resource enables an open access knowledge base and a unified system for tracer and assay validation. The database is freely available at https://www.tracerdb.org/.
COVID-19 severity and corticosteroid treatment have minimal effect on specific antibody production
Authors: Nakamoto Takato , Iwamoto Noriko , Oshiro Yusuke , Inamura Natsumi , Nemoto Takeshi , Ide Satohi , Nakamura Keiji , Nomoto Hidetoshi , Akiyama Yutaro , Suzuki Tetsuya , Miyazato Yusuke , Suzuki Michiyo , Suzuki Kumiko , Kimura Moto , Saito Sho , Kutsuna Satoshi , Ohmagari Norio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Dexamethasone is currently administered for Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19); however, there are concerns about its effect on specific antibodies’ production. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether specific antibodies were affected by COVID-19 severity and corticosteroid treatment.
Methods
Of 251 confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital between January 26 and August 10, 2020, the early period of the pandemic, 75 patients with sera within 1 month of onset and 1month or longer were included in the research. A total of 253 serum samples from these patients were collected. The levels of specific antibodies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM), were measured retrospectively. The results were compared separately of each COVID-19 severity, and with or without corticosteroid treatment.
Results
Among the 75 patients, 47, 18, and 10 had mild, moderate, and severe disease, respectively. The median age was 53.0 years and 22 (29%) were women. The most common comorbidities were hypertension and dyslipidemia. Corticosteroids were administered to 20 (27%) and 10 (53%), patients with moderate and severe disease, respectively. The positivity rates IgM increased first, and IgG was almost always positive after day 16, regardless of the severity of COVID-19. On days 6–10, both IgG and IgM positivity rates were higher in patients with moderate disease than in those with mild or severe disease. In patients with moderate disease, IgG positivity was similar over time, regardless of corticosteroid treatment.
Conclusions
In COVID-19 patients, specific IgG is positive and maintained for a long period of time, even after corticosteroid treatment. The effect of corticosteroid treatment in a COVID-19 epidemiological study using specific IgG antibodies was considered minor. COVID-19 patients were more likely to receive oxygen if IgM was positive 1 week after onset, but not mechanical ventilation. IgM measurement 1 week after onset may predict COVID-19 severity.
Association of chronotype with language and episodic memory processing in children: Implications for brain structure
Authors: Yamashita Masatoshi , Shou Qiulu , Mizuno Yoshifumi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Chronotype refers to individual preference in circadian cycles and is associated with psychiatric problems. Although previous research has demonstrated the influence of chronotype on cognitive function and brain structure in adults, little is known regarding the effects in children. Data from 4493 children (mean age of 143.06 months) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study were obtained, wherein chronotype was assessed by the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Subsequently, the associations between chronotype, cognitive function, and regional brain volumes were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models. Behaviorally, chronotype was negatively associated with vocabulary knowledge and episodic memory performance. Based on these findings, the region of interest analysis revealed a negative association between chronotype, and left precentral gyrus, right superior parietal cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex volumes; moreover, precentral gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex were positively associated with vocabulary knowledge and episodic memory performance, respectively. These results indicate that, in children, the association between late chronotype, and volume reduction in the precentral gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex may be related to a reduction in vocabulary and episodic memory skills. This leads us to suggest that late chronotype may have a negative impact on brain health during childhood.
Effect of Maternal Caffeine Consumption on Low Birth Weight in Butajira, Southern Central Ethiopia: A nested Cohort Study
Authors: Buko Getachew , Tadesse Melese , Shikur Bilal , Hagos Seifu , Getinet Yalemwork , Haile Demewoz , Kenenisa Elfinesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Caffeine consumption is common among people throughout the world, Africa and Ethiopia. The prevalence of the caffeine exposure during pregnancy was 69%-79% and excessive caffeine consumption during pregnancy was 14%-57% in most Western countries and in Ethiopia, the prevalence was 41%. The main source to caffeine is through coffee and tea in the world and African countries, including Ethiopia. Even though there were number of studies indicating caffeine intake has reported as a risk factor for low birth weight during pregnancy, the findings are not conclusive in western and no evidence in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is designed to assess the effect of maternal caffeine consumption on low birth weight during late pregnancy.
Objective
The objective of this study was to determine effect of maternal caffeine consumption on low birth weight in Butajira Cohort, South central, Ethiopia.
Method
Population based Nested cohort study design was employed among 244 pregnant mothers from September 2018—May 2019 in Butajira. Beverages contain caffeine were collected by 24hour recall method. Birth weight was considered as outcome group. Pediatric weight scale was used for measurement of birth weight with in 72 hour after delivery. Pregnant mothers exposed to caffeine consumption greater than 200mg/day was considered as exposure group. The mean usual intake of caffeine was estimated by National cancer institute (NCI method). Finally the effect of Caffeine on low birth weight was analyzed by log binomial regression by STATA SE version 14.
Results
The study found that 26.2% of pregnant women had daily caffeine consumption more than or equal to 200mg/day. The risk of low birth weight was four times more likely to occur in exposed group than in unexposed group (ARR = 3.72; 95%CI: 1.76, 7.87). In other hand, the risk of low birth weight was four, five and five times more likely to occur in middle, rich and richest wealth status at (ARR = 4.61;95%CI (1.08,19.69,(ARR = 5.39;95%CI (1.23,23.58),(ARR = 4.54;95%CI(1.07,19.25) respectively than in poorest wealth status.
Conclusion and recommendation
In conclusion, excessive maternal caffeine consumption might results in low birth weight. Therefore, intervention that address caffeine exposure among pregnant mother should be designed to reduce the burden of low birth weight.