bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Portable Instrument for Continuous Measurement of Formaldehyde in Ambient Air
Authors: Junkermann W. , Burger J. M. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
A new instrument for the in situ measurement of formaldehyde with online concentration output was built on the base of the Hantzsch chemistry fluorimetric detection of formaldehyde in liquid phase. The instrument was specially designed for applications in a fast-changing environment, for example, in airborne research. Individual instrument components were optimized to reduce size, weight, and power consumption and to improve response time. The small size, battery-operated system was shown to reach good performance, stable sensitivity, and detection limits of &lt;100 ppt for temperatures between 0° and 35°C during aircraft flight missions in field campaigns in the Italian Po Valley. The instrument proved its performance with formaldehyde mixing ratios ranging from 0.5 to 25 ppb.
Evaluation of a Triple-Axis Coherent Doppler Velocity Profiler for Measuring Near-Bed Flow: A Field Study
Authors: Betteridge K. F. E. , Bell P. S. , Thorne P. D. , Williams J. J. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Collocated detailed measurements of near-bed turbulent and intrawave flow are important for studying sediment transport processes and seabed evolution. Existing commercially available triple-axis profiling instruments do not provide collocated velocity measurements. To improve the capability to make such measurements a triple-axis coherent Doppler velocity profiler (CDVP) has been developed and tested in the marine environment. The instrument was designed to measure orthogonal velocity profiles within a narrow column of water at 16 Hz within 1 m of the bed with a vertical spatial resolution of 0.05 m. This paper describes the first deployment of the instrument, in a tidal inlet in Portugal during a multidisciplinary study, when CDVP flow velocity measurements were compared with data from other instrumentation. A pragmatic approach was adopted to assess the capability of the triple-axis CDVP, using both an evaluation of internal consistency and an assessment against two commercially available acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs). Measurements of the mean and fluctuating velocity profiles were collected with the triple-axis CDVP, and these have been shown to be internally consistent and to be in good agreement with measurements obtained with the ADVs.
Distal Biceps Tendon Repair
Authors: Idler Cary S. , Montgomery William H. , Lindsey Derek P. , Badua Peter A. , Wynne Garnet F. , Yerby Scott A. 
Published: February 2006

Background A variety of techniques have been described for distal biceps tendon reattachment—bone tunnel with transosseous sutures, suture anchors, and interference screw techniques. Hypothesis There will be no significant difference between the mean failure strength, maximum strength, and stiffness of the intact specimen and repair techniques tested: bone tunnel with transosseous sutures and interference screw. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Nine matched pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaveric elbows were prepared. The intact tendon was pulled from the radial tuberosity; the right and left elbows were randomized to bone tunnels with transosseous sutures or interference screw repair techniques. The repaired specimens were pulled using the same regimen for the intact tendon. Failure strength, maximum strength, and stiffness were measured and compared. Results The mean failure strength, maximum strength, and stiffness of intact tendons were 204.3 ± 76.9 N, 221.7 ± 65.9 N, and 30.1 ± 12.4 N/mm, respectively; for the interference screw specimens, 178.0 ± 54.5 N, 192.1 ± 53.1 N, and 30.4 ± 9.5 N/mm, respectively; and for the bone tunnel specimens, 124.9 ± 22.8 N, 206.6 ± 49.8 N, and 15.9 ± 5.6 N/mm, respectively. There were no significant differences between measures in the intact and interference screw specimens. Mean failure strength and stiffness of the bone tunnel specimens were significantly lower than those of the intact and interference screw specimens; there was no significant difference between the maximum strengths of the treatments. Interference screw failure occurred abruptly with little plastic deformation in nearly all specimens with the tendon and screw pulling out as a unit, often involving fracture of the radial wall. Two of the bone tunnels failed at the bony bridge; the remainder lost bone-tendon contact as the distal tendon was shredded by the suture. Conclusion The results suggest interference screw fixation repair is nearly as strong and stiff as the intact tendon and stronger than the bone tunnel repair technique. Clinical Relevance The interference screw provides better stiffness and failure strength compared with the bone tunnel technique for distal biceps tendon repair. Given the superior mechanical properties, the interference screw technique is recommended as the treatment of choice for biceps tendon rupture repair.
Prospective Evaluation of Allograft Meniscus Transplantation
Authors: Cole Brian J. , Dennis Michael G. , Lee Stephen J. , Nho Shane J. , Kalsi Rajeev S. , Hayden Jennifer K. , Verma Nikhil N. 
Published: February 2006

Background Clinical and biomechanical studies have demonstrated the increase in contact pressure and progressive deterioration of the tibiofemoral compartments that occur after partial or complete meniscectomy. Meniscus transplantation has been indicated for the symptomatic postmeniscectomy patient to alleviate symptoms and potentially prevent the progression of articular degeneration. Purpose To report the early-term results after allograft meniscus transplantations from a single institution performed by a single surgeon. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Forty-four meniscus transplants in 39 patients were evaluated at minimum 2-year follow-up using the Lysholm, Tegner, International Knee Documentation Committee, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Noyes symptom rating and sports activity, and SF-12 scoring systems; visual analog pain scales; patient satisfaction; and physical examination. Four transplants failed early, leaving 40 transplants in 36 patients for review. Patients were grouped into medial and lateral transplant groups as well as those with isolated and combined procedures. Twenty-one menisci were transplanted in isolation (52.5%), and 19 were combined with other procedures (47.5%) to address concomitant articular cartilage injury. Results Patients demonstrated statistically significant improvements in standardized outcomes surveys and visual analog pain and satisfaction scales. In 7 patients, treatment had failed at final follow-up. Overall, 77.5% of patients reported they were completely or mostly satisfied with the procedure, and 90% of patients were classified as normal or nearly normal using the International Knee Documentation Committee knee examination score at final follow-up. There were no significant differences in the medial and lateral subgroups, although the lateral subgroup did demonstrate a trend toward greater improvement. No significant differences were noted in the isolated and combined subgroups. Conclusion Meniscus transplantation alone or in combination with other reconstructive procedures results in reliable improvements in knee pain and function at minimum 2-year follow-up. Longer term studies are necessary to determine if transplantation can prevent the articular degeneration associated with meniscectomy.
Effects of Stretching on Passive Muscle Tension and Response to Eccentric Exercise
Authors: LaRoche Dain P. , Connolly Declan A. J. 
Published: February 2006

Background Stretching is used in an attempt to improve performance and reduce the risk of muscle injury, with little evidence to support its effectiveness. Hypothesis Four weeks of static or ballistic stretching can attenuate the increased soreness and decreased flexibility seen after eccentric exercise. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Twenty-nine male subjects were randomly assigned to a static stretching, ballistic stretching, or control group. On each of 4 consecutive days, they completed 4 maximal range of motion stretches using a Cybex isokinetic dynamometer to passively stretch the hamstrings at 0.087 rad · s–1 (5 deg · s–1). Stiffness from 0.87 to 1.48 rad (50°-85°), peak range of motion, work absorption, peak resistive torque, and soreness were measured. Participants then completed 4 weeks of either static or ballistic stretching for a total stretching duration of 3600 seconds. After training, the 4 days of testing were repeated with an eccentric exercise task added after day 1. Results Stretching groups had an increase in range of motion and stretch tolerance after 4 weeks of stretching, with no change in muscle stiffness, work absorption, or delayed onset muscle soreness. After eccentric exercise, they also had greater range of motion and stretch tolerance than did controls. Conclusion Both static stretching and ballistic stretching increase range of motion, most likely as a result of enhanced stretch tolerance rather than changes in muscle elasticity. Four weeks of stretching maintain range of motion and stretch tolerance in the days after eccentric exercise.
Recalcitrant Patellar Tendinosis in Elite Athletes
Authors: Shelbourne K. Donald , Henne Timothy D. , Gray Tinker 
Published: February 2006

Background Recalcitrant patellar tendinosis is difficult to treat, and results are varied. Hypothesis Surgical removal of necrotic tissue, surgical stimulation of remaining tendon, and aggressive and specific rehabilitation after patellar tendonectomy will allow athletes to return to sports. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods From December 1996 to July 2002, 16 high-level athletes (4 professional, 2 Olympic, 9 collegiate, 1 preparatory), aged 16 to 25 years (mean, 19.7 years), with 22 symptomatic patellar tendons had failed nonoperative care of their patellar tendinosis symptoms and were unable to compete effectively in their sports. Magnetic resonance imaging showed confirmation of disease, with typical findings being necrosis in the posterior half of an abnormally thick patellar tendon, often in conjunction with partial tearing of the posterior half with a compensatory enlargement of the anterior half. Each patient then underwent tendonectomy of the necrotic portion in conjunction with stimulation of the remaining tendon by making multiple longitudinal cuts in the tendon. Patients participated in a postoperative rehabilitation protocol that included immediate range of motion, full flexion, and immediate high-repetition, low-resistance quadriceps muscle exercise. Results Subjective improvement was noted in all athletes. Return to the same sport at prior level of intensity was accomplished by 14 of 16 patients (87.5%) at a mean of 8.1 months (range, 3-12 months). Conclusion Overall, tendonectomy, surgical tendon stimulation, and aggressive postoperative rehabilitation were found to be a safe, effective way to return high-level athletes to their sports.
Interferon-λ–treated dendritic cells specifically induce proliferation of FOXP3-expressing suppressor T cells
Authors: Mennechet Franck J. D. , Uzé Gilles 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
The λ interferons (IFN-λs), also known as IL-28 and IL-29, are coexpressed with IFN-β after Toll-like–receptor (TLR) stimulation in human monocyte–derived dendritic cells (DCs). IFN-λ shares with type I IFNs an intracellular signaling pathway that drives the expression of a common set of genes. However, IFN-λ signaling is initiated through a membrane receptor system distinct from that of type I IFNs. Because IFNs produced by DCs in response to TLR stimulation are critical in the differentiation and maturation of DCs, we sought to investigate whether IFN-λ exhibits specific effects on DC differentiation. In this work, we show that DCs acquire IFN-λ responsiveness through the expression of the specific IFN-λ receptor chain during their differentiation from monocytes. IFN-λ–treated DCs express high levels of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) and MHC class II but low levels of costimulatory molecules. However, they express CCR7 and acquire the ability to migrate to lymph nodes when intravenously injected into SCID/Bg mice. In mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) cultures, IFN-λ–treated DCs specifically induced IL-2–dependent proliferation of a CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T-cell subset with contact-dependent suppressive activity on T-cell proliferation initiated by fully mature DCs. IFN-λs are thus able to generate tolerogenic DCs, an activity that could thwart IFN-β functions.
Incidence, Time Course, and Determinants of Menstrual Bleeding After Breast Cancer Treatment: A Prospective Study
Authors: Petrek Jeanne A. , Naughton Michelle J. , Case L. Douglas , Paskett Electra D. , Naftalis Elizabeth Z. , Singletary S. Eva , Sukumvanich Paniti 
Published: February 2006

Purpose To assess ovarian function using the surrogate of monthly bleeding after breast cancer treatment in premenopausal women. Patients and Methods Five hundred ninety-five US women age 20 to 45 years were accrued from January 1998 to July 2002 within 8 months of diagnosis with stages I to III breast cancer (median follow-up 45 months). Daily bleeding records were obtained prospectively, as well as extensive clinical, demographic, quality of life, and treatment data. Repeated measures logistic regression was used to assess which variables were predictive of monthly bleeding. Results Significantly different proportions of women had monthly bleeding depending on their age (P < .001), chemotherapy program (P < .001), and time since treatment regimen. In the month after the standard course of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC), whether or not followed by paclitaxel or docetaxel, approximately 16% had monthly bleeding compared with the cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil (CMF) group, in which 48% bled (P < .001). Following any AC regimen, there was a slow recovery phase of about 9 months followed by a plateau, during which almost half continued monthly bleeding for the remainder of the follow-up period compared with after CMF in which there was no recovery phase and a continual decline in monthly bleeding to approximately 18% of women at study end (P < .001). Tamoxifen use decreased bleeding between months 12 and 24 after chemotherapy with 15% fewer women having bleeding. Conclusion Using daily menstrual bleeding records, it is demonstrated that age, the specific chemotherapy regimen received, and tamoxifen use impact ovarian function.
Audit of the use of benzathine penicillin, post-treatment syphilis serology and partner notification of patients with early infectious syphilis
Authors: Chauhan M , Serisha B , Sankar K N , Pattman R S , Schmid M L 
Published: February 2006

Recent increases in the incidence of early infectious syphilis have been particularly noted in men who have sex with men (MSM). Case-notes of 40 consecutive patients with infectious syphilis and follow-up data for one year were audited. Of the 40 patients, six were HIV co-infected. In all, 31 men received benzathine penicillin as first line while the remaining had other treatments. About 17 (42.5%) failed to attend for any post-treatment serological tests. Of the remainder, 17 (42.5%) attended for the first appointment and only 13 (32.5%) attended for the full one year follow-up. In all, 40 men in the study had 362 sexual contacts of which only 44 (12.2%) elected to be screened. This study illustrates the successful use of benzathine penicillin as first-line treatment, lack of patient compliance with post-treatment serological follow-up and difficulty with partner notification.
Primary care and the National Strategy for Sexual Health and HIV: an evaluation of one primary care trust
Authors: Cohen C E , Dawson S G , Theobald N J A , Desmond N M 
Published: February 2006

Windsor, Ascot, Maidenhead (WAM) primary care trust (PCT) currently has no specialist sexual health services. We researched the level of sexual health service provision in WAM compared with targets set out in the National Strategy for Sexual Health and HIV and assessed support for level 2 service expansion. We found practices were already providing much of level 1 and parts of level 2 services. Gaps centred on male and asymptomatic female screening and sexual health promotion. Ten out of 22 practices expressed interest for service development within the PCT, but obstacles cited included lack of resources, training and prioritization of the strategy. The study has identified strengths and weaknesses across the PCT that have guided recent initiatives. This model could be used by other PCTs to ascertain their needs and acknowledge their achievements.
Autoimmune bullous disorders
Authors: Eming Rüdiger , Hertl Michael 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBullous skin diseases represent a group of organ-specific autoimmune disorders characterised by binding of circulating autoantibodies to adhesion molecules of the epidermis and the dermo-epidermal basement membrane zone. Binding of these autoantibodies to their antigenic targets results in loss of adhesion between epidermal keratinocytes and at the level of the basement membrane zone. Chronic blisters and secondary painful erosions are the clinical hallmark of autoimmune bullous disorders. Histopathology reveals the location of blister formation and helps to classify the subtype of the bullous skin disorder. Immunofluorescence is crucial for diagnosing autoimmune bullous skin disorders. Tissue-bound autoantibodies are detected by direct immunofluorescence of perilesional skin. Circulating autoantibodies can be visualised by indirect immunofluorescence using tissue substrates such as monkey oesophagus and sodium chloride-split human skin. Most of the autoantigens are available as recombinant proteins, which allows for autoantibody screening by ELISA or immunoblot analysis to confirm the primary diagnosis and, importantly, for immunoserological follow-up of patients.
Comparison of the concentration of trace metals (Ni, Zn, Co, Cu and Se), Fe, vitamins A, C and E, and lipid peroxidation in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Ozmen Habibe , Erulas Fatih Ahmet , Karatas Fikret , Cukurovali Alaaddin , Yalcin Orhan 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties of vitamins A, C, E and pro- or antioxidant properties of trace metals have recently attracted increased attention. We examined the levels of antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E), selenium and malondialdehyde (MDA), and trace metals (Fe, Ni, Zn, Co and Cu) in patients with prostate cancer. In total, 41 subjects (21 controls and 20 prostate cancer patients) were included in the study. The levels of trace elements and Fe in whole blood were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum levels of Se were determined using a fluorimetric method, while a HPLC method was used for serum levels of vitamins and MDA. The levels of vitamins A and E were significantly lower and MDA levels were significantly higher (p<0.001) in patients with prostate cancer compared to controls. Serum vitamin C was significantly lower in patients with prostate cancer when compared to controls (p<0.01). Moreover, Se and Zn levels were also significantly lower, and levels of Ni, Co, and Cu were higher (p<0.001) in patients with prostate cancer than in controls. Fe levels were not significantly different in patients compared to controls (p>0.05). Our findings, together with the results of previous animal studies, suggest that the administration of vitamins A, C, and E, and Se and Zn may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of human prostate cancer.
Comparison of Brucella immunoglobulin M and G flow assays with serum agglutination and 2-mercaptoethanol tests in the diagnosis of brucellosis
Authors: Zeytinoğlu Ayşın , Turhan Ajda , Altuğlu İmre , Bilgiç Altınay , Abdoel Theresia H. , Smits Henk L. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe diagnostic value of
Total tau protein, phosphorylated tau (181p) protein, β-amyloid1–42, and β-amyloid1–40 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Mollenhauer Brit , Bibl Mirko , Wiltfang Jens , Steinacker Petra , Ciesielczyk Barbara , Neubert Karin , Trenkwalder Claudia , Otto Markus 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe intra vitam diagnosis of different dementias is still based on clinical grounds. So far, no technical investigations have been available to support these diagnoses. For tau protein and β-amyloid
Relationship between serum sialic acids, sialic acid-rich inflammation-sensitive proteins and cell damage in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Süer Gökmen Selma , Kazezoğlu Cemal , Sunar Bendigar , Özçelik Fatih , Güngör Özgül , Yorulmaz Faruk , Gülen Şendoğan 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe role of sialic acid (SA) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and as a predictor of cardiovascular events has attracted much attention in recent years. However, most studies investigating the role of total and lipid-bound sialic acids (TSA and LSA) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis lack information on the reason for the elevated SA concentrations in coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. Since the inflammation-sensitive proteins are glycoproteins with SA residues, an increase in their levels due to some type of acute-phase reaction or inflammation could be responsible for the elevated TSA levels in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Elevated serum SA levels might also be due to either shedding or secretion of free SA from the cell or cell membrane surface if neuraminidase levels are increased, or to the release of cellular SA-containing glycolipids and/or glycoproteins into plasma from myocardial cells after AMI. The aim of the present study was to investigate both the possible role of SA-rich inflammation-sensitive proteins and the cell damage due to elevated serum TSA levels in AMI. A possible role of serum LSA as an indicator of the shedding or secretion of SA from the cell or cell membrane surface in AMI was also evaluated. The study included 38 subjects with AMI and 32 healthy volunteers. Serum TSA and LSA were determined using the methods of Warren and Katopodis, respectively. The concentrations of serum SA-rich inflammation-sensitive proteins, namely α