bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying autism using EEG: unleashing the power of feature selection and machine learning
Authors: Ranaut Anamika , Khandnor Padmavati , Chand Trilok 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that is characterized by communication barriers, societal disengagement, and monotonous actions. Currently, the diagnosis of ASD is made by experts through a subjective and time-consuming qualitative behavioural examination using internationally recognized descriptive standards. In this paper, we present an EEG-based three-phase novel approach comprising 29 autistic subjects and 30 neurotypical people. In the first phase, preprocessing of data is performed from which we derived one continuous dataset and four condition-based datasets to determine the role of each dataset in the identification of autism from neurotypical people. In the second phase, time-domain and morphological features were extracted and four different feature selection techniques were applied. In the last phase, five-fold cross-validation is used to evaluate six different machine learning models based on the performance metrics and computational efficiency. The neural network outperformed when trained with maximum relevance and minimum redundancy (MRMR) algorithm on the continuous dataset with 98.10% validation accuracy and 0.9994 area under the curve (AUC) value for model validation, and 98.43% testing accuracy and AUC test value of 0.9998. The decision tree overall performed the second best in terms of computational efficiency and performance accuracy. The results indicate that EEG-based machine learning models have the potential for ASD identification from neurotypical people with a more objective and reliable method.
Invited Commentary: Combining Information to Answer Epidemiologic Questions About a Target Population
Authors: Dahabreh Issa J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Epidemiologists are attempting to address research questions of increasing complexity by developing novel methods for combining information from diverse sources. Cole et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2023;192(3)467–474) provide 2 examples of the process of combining information to draw inferences about a population proportion. In this commentary, we consider combining information to learn about a target population as an epidemiologic activity and distinguish it from more conventional meta-analyses. We examine possible rationales for combining information and discuss broad methodological considerations, with an emphasis on study design, assumptions, and sources of uncertainty.
Estimation of the prevalence of opioid misuse in New York State counties, 2007-2018: a bayesian spatiotemporal abundance model approach
Authors: Santaella-Tenorio Julian , Hepler Staci A , Rivera-Aguirre Ariadne , Kline David M , Cerda Magdalena 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
An important challenge to addressing the opioid overdose crisis is the lack of information on the size of the population of people who misuse opioids (PWMO) in local areas. This estimate is needed for better resource allocation, estimation of treatment and overdose outcome rates using appropriate denominators (ie, the population at risk), and proper evaluation of intervention effects. In this study, we used a bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal integrated abundance model that integrates multiple types of county-level surveillance outcome data, state-level information on opioid misuse, and covariates to estimate the latent (hidden) numbers of PWMO and latent prevalence of opioid misuse across New York State counties (2007-2018). The model assumes that each opioid-related outcome reflects a partial count of the number of PWMO, and it leverages these multiple sources of data to circumvent limitations of parameter estimation associated with other types of abundance models. Model estimates showed a reduction in the prevalence of PWMO during the study period, with important spatial and temporal variability. The model also provided county-level estimates of rates of treatment and opioid overdose using the numbers of PWMO as denominators. This modeling approach can identify the sizes of hidden populations to guide public health efforts in confronting the opioid overdose crisis across local areas.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.
Study to assess the impact of analytics software on operating room controlled substance management and drug diversion
Authors: Carollo Dominic S , Mullet Andrew P , Hays Amanda J , Fitzgibbons Stacey A , Nelkin Heather D , Raymond Alexandre P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study investigated the impact of an advanced analytics software solution in the operating room (OR) on tracking and evaluating controlled substance discrepancies. The authors hypothesized that the software would increase identification of these discrepancies and improve the efficiency of the preexisting manual process.

Methods
In this evaluation comparing data from before to after implementation of the software, data were collected using the preexisting manual process for 50 days before implementation, followed by a 25-day period for acclimation to the new software, and ending with a 49-day postimplementation review period. Data collected included the total number of medication discrepancies, time required for discrepancy review and reconciliation by an OR analyst, types of discrepancies, and number of discrepancies leading to provider audits.

Results
Before implementation of the analytics software, there were 7,635 OR cases with a total of 674 charting discrepancies (8.83 discrepancies per 100 total OR cases) discovered across 439 OR cases. After implementation, there were 7,454 OR cases with a total of 930 charting discrepancies (12.48 discrepancies per 100 total OR cases; P &lt; 0.0001) discovered across 680 OR cases. While discrepancies increased by 38%, the median review time for the OR analyst per case decreased (P &lt; 0.0001) and the percentage of incidents resolved by the OR analyst increased by 14% while the number of cases requiring additional documentation by the provider decreased by 10%.

Conclusion
Implementation of advanced analytics software in the OR significantly increased the number of controlled substance charting discrepancies identified compared to the preimplementation review process while increasing the efficiency of the OR analyst.
Impact of a non-therapeutic laparotomy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer treated with induction (m)FOLFIRINOX: Trans-Atlantic Pancreatic Surgery (TAPS) Consortium study
Authors: Theijse Rutger T , Stoop Thomas F , Janssen Quisette P , Prakash Laura R , Katz Matthew H G , Doppenberg Deesje , Tzeng Ching-Wei D , Wei Alice C , Zureikat Amer H , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Besselink Marc G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Surgery in selected patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer after induction chemotherapy may have drawbacks related to surgical risks and breaks or delays in oncological treatment, in particular when curative intent resection is not possible (that is non-therapeutic laparotomy). The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and oncological impact of a non-therapeutic laparotomy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer treated with induction (m)FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy.

Methods
This was a retrospective international multicentre study including patients diagnosed with pathology-proven locally advanced pancreatic cancer treated with at least one cycle of (m)FOLFIRINOX (2012–2019). Patients undergoing a non-therapeutic laparotomy (group A) were compared with those not undergoing surgery (group B) and those undergoing resection (group C).

Results
Overall, 663 patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer were included (67 patients (10.1%) in group A, 425 patients (64.1%) in group B, and 171 patients (25.8%) in group C). A non-therapeutic laparotomy occurred in 28.2% of all explorations (67 of 238), with occult metastases in 30 patients (30 of 67, 44.8%) and a 90-day mortality rate of 3.0% (2 of 67). Administration of palliative therapy (65.9% versus 73.1%; P = 0.307) and median overall survival (20.4 [95% c.i. 15.9 to 27.3] versus 20.2 [95% c.i. 19.1 to 22.7] months; P = 0.752) did not differ between group A and group B respectively. The median overall survival in group C was 36.1 (95% c.i. 30.5 to 41.2) months. The 5-year overall survival rates were 11.4%, 8.7%, and 24.7% in group A, group B, and group C, respectively. Compared with group B, non-therapeutic laparotomy (group A) was not associated with reduced overall survival (HR = 0.88 [95% c.i. 0.61 to 1.27]).

Conclusion
More than a quarter of surgically explored patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer after induction (m)FOLFIRINOX did not undergo a resection. Such non-therapeutic laparotomy does not appear to substantially impact oncological outcomes.
Aveir VR real-world performance and chronic pacing threshold prediction using mapping and fixation electrical data
Authors: Tam Mark T K , Cheng Yuet-Wong , Chan Joseph Y S , Chan Chin-Pang , Au Alex C K , Fan Katie W S , Chim Thomas M Y , Kwok Wan-Ying , Fong Fuk-Kei , Lai Angel , Tan Guang-Ming , Yan Bryan P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Aveir VR performance and predictors for its pacing threshold (PCT) in a real-world cohort were investigated.

Methods
Electrical measurements at various stages of an Aveir VR implant were prospectively collected. Predictors for 3-month PCT were studied. A retrospective cohort of consecutive 139 Micra implants was used to compare the PCT evolution. High PCT was defined as ≥1.5 V, using a pulse width of 0.4 ms for Aveir and 0.24 ms for Micra. Excellent PCT was defined as ≤0.5 V at the respective pulse width.

Results
Among the 123 consecutive Aveir VR implant attempts, 122 (99.2%) were successful. The majority were of advanced age (mean 79.7) and small body size (mean BSA 1.60). Two patients (1.6%) experienced complications, including one pericardial effusion after device reposition and one intraoperative device dislodgement. Eighty-eight patients reached a 3-month follow-up. Aveir 3-month PCT was correlated with impedance at mapping (P = 0.015), tether mode (P &lt; 0.001), end-of-procedure (P &lt; 0.001), and mapping PCT (P = 0.035), but not with PCTs after fixation (P &gt; 0.05). Tether mode impedance &gt;470 ohms had 88% sensitivity and 71% specificity in predicting excellent 3-month PCT. Although it is more common for Aveir to have high PCT at end of procedure (11.5% for Aveir and 2.2% for Micra, P = 0.004), the rate at 3 months was similar (2.3% for Aveir and 3.1% for Micra, P = 1.000).

Conclusion
Aveir VR demonstrated satisfactory performance in this high-risk cohort. Pacing thresholds tend to improve to a greater extent than Micra after implantation. The PCT after fixation, even after a waiting period, has limited predictive value for the chronic threshold. Low-mapping PCT and high intraoperative impedance predict chronic low PCT.
The 2020 Mw 7.0 Samos (Eastern Aegean Sea) Earthquake: joint source inversion of multitype data, and tsunami modelling
Authors: Sun Yu-Sheng , Melgar Diego , Ruiz-Angulo Angel , Ganas Athanassios , Taymaz Tuncay , Crowell Brendan , Xu Xiaohua , Tsironi Varvara , Karasante Ilektra , Yolsal-Çevikbilen Seda , Erman Ceyhun , Irmak Tahir Serkan , Çubuk-Sabuncu Yeşim , Eken Tuna 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARY
We present a kinematic slip model and a simulation of the ensuing tsunami for the 2020 Mw 7.0 Néon Karlovásion (Samos, Eastern Aegean Sea) earthquake, generated from a joint inversion of high-rate GNSS, strong ground motion and InSAR data. From the inversion, we find that the source time function has a total duration of ∼20 s with three peaks at ∼4, 7.5 and 15 s corresponding to the development of three asperities. Most of the slip occurs at the west of the hypocentre and ends at the northwest downdip edge. The peak slip is ∼3.3 m, and the inverted rake angles indicate predominantly normal faulting motion. Compared with previous studies, these slip patterns have essentially similar asperity location, rupture dimension and anticorrelation with aftershocks. Consistent with our study, most published papers show the source duration of ∼20 s with three episodes of increased moment releases. For the ensuing tsunami, the eight available gauge records indicate that the tsunami waves last ∼18–30 hr depending on location, and the response period of tsunami is ∼10–35 min. The initial waves in the observed records and synthetic simulations show good agreement, which indirectly validates the performance of the inverted slip model. However, the synthetic waveforms struggle to generate long-duration tsunami behaviour in simulations. Our tests suggest that the resolution of the bathymetry may be a potential factor affecting the simulated tsunami duration and amplitude. It should be noted that the maximum wave height in the records may occur after the decay of synthetic wave amplitudes. This implies that the inability to model long-duration tsunamis could result in underestimation in future tsunami hazard assessments.
Slopes of the pressure-dependent elastic–electrical correlations in artificial sandstones
Authors: Han Tongcheng , Huang Tao , He Haiming , Fu Li-Yun 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARY
Seismic and electromagnetic explorations are two of the most successful geophysical applications for understanding the subsurface earth, and the joint interpretation of seismic and electromagnetic survey data can help to better characterize the rocks because they contain independent and complementary information about the rocks. However, the success of the joint interpretation depends on the understanding of the correlations between the elastic and electrical rock properties and their influencing factors. Confining pressure is an important geological parameter that has been found to give rise to linear elastic–electrical correlations in sandstones. However, it is still poorly known what controls the slopes of the pressure-dependent linear correlations, even though slope is one of the most important parameters determining the linear correlation. We make artificial sandstones with controlled porosity and permeability, respectively, and measure their pressure-dependent elastic (electrical resistivity) and electrical (P-wave velocity) properties simultaneously, as well as porosity. We show that the slopes of the measured electrical resistivity versus P-wave velocity as an implicit function of confining pressure correlate positively with the compliant porosity in all the samples. The results not only reveal the petrophysical parameter that controls the slopes of the pressure-dependent linear elastic–electrical correlations in sandstones, but also provide a basis for the discrimination of the slope-controlling parameter from the simultaneously measured elastic and electrical properties.
A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Michalek Dominika A , Tern Courtney , Zhou Wei , Robertson Catherine C , Farber Emily , Campolieto Paul , Chen Wei-Min , Onengut-Gumuscu Suna , Rich Stephen S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by destruction of the pancreatic β-cells. Genome-wide association (GWAS) and fine mapping studies have been conducted mainly in European ancestry (EUR) populations. We performed a multi-ancestry GWAS to identify SNPs and HLA alleles associated with T1D risk and age at onset. EUR families (N = 3223), and unrelated individuals of African (AFR, N = 891) and admixed (Hispanic/Latino) ancestry (AMR, N = 308) were genotyped using the Illumina HumanCoreExome BeadArray, with imputation to the TOPMed reference panel. The Multi-Ethnic HLA reference panel was utilized to impute HLA alleles and amino acid residues. Logistic mixed models (T1D risk) and frailty models (age at onset) were used for analysis. In GWAS meta-analysis, seven loci were associated with T1D risk at genome-wide significance: PTPN22, HLA-DQA1, IL2RA, RNLS, INS, IKZF4-RPS26-ERBB3, and SH2B3, with four associated with T1D age at onset (PTPN22, HLA-DQB1, INS, and ERBB3). AFR and AMR meta-analysis revealed NRP1 as associated with T1D risk and age at onset, although NRP1 variants were not associated in EUR ancestry. In contrast, the PTPN22 variant was significantly associated with risk only in EUR ancestry. HLA alleles and haplotypes most significantly associated with T1D risk in AFR and AMR ancestry differed from that seen in EUR ancestry; in addition, the HLA-DRB1*08:02-DQA1*04:01-DQB1*04:02 haplotype was ‘protective’ in AMR while HLA-DRB1*08:01-DQA1*04:01-DQB1*04:02 haplotype was ‘risk’ in EUR ancestry, differing only at HLA-DRB1*08. These results suggest that much larger sample sizes in non-EUR populations are required to capture novel loci associated with T1D risk.
Ocean warming shapes embryonic developmental prospects of the next generation in Atlantic cod
Authors: Skjærven Kaja H , Alix Maud , Kleppe Lene , Fernandes Jorge M O , Whatmore Paul , Nedoluzhko Artem , Andersson Eva , Kjesbu Olav Sigurd 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Although early embryonic protein production relies exclusively on maternal molecules such as messenger RNAs (mRNAs) incorporated into ovarian follicles, knowledge about any thermally induced, intergenerational effects is scarce in ectotherms. Here, we investigated how elevated temperatures (9°–12°C vs. 6°C) during oogenesis influenced the next generation by targeting maternal mRNAs in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) embryos, in view of up- and down-regulated genes in ovarian follicles of pre-spawning adults. Overall, the spawning female liver showed significantly higher levels of free amino acids and N-metabolites at 9°C than at 6°C. Higher-than-optimal temperatures induced adjustments in embryo transcriptome proportional to the temperature increase relative to the control group. The adjustments included alterations in maternal-effect genes, which are developmentally conserved among vertebrates. The transcriptomic differences for a selection of genes in embryos were reflected in ovarian follicles (containing multiple cell types) several months ahead of the spawning season, implying that environmental conditions of the adults are key for adjusting the genetic instructions for offspring development. This programming of fundamental traits from mother to offspring appears part of a sophisticated process to adapt the offspring to a changing ocean, though within life stage-specific, physiological thermal tolerance windows.
Growing Awareness: Limited Testing and Screening Bias for Hepatitis Delta Virus in Utah 2000–2021
Authors: Hesterman Matthew C , Fallon Braden S , Lynch Keisa M , Weller Melodie L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
This study assessed the epidemiology of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) within the University of Utah UHealth health care system (2000–2021).

Methods
Analysis of HDV/HBV testing, diagnostic codes, liver enzymes, and comorbidities was performed.

Results
Among the 1962 HBV patients, only 22.2% underwent HDV testing, revealing an 8.3% positivity rate for HDV coinfections. This study observed a consistent increase in HBV and HDV cases, with higher HDV detection rates linked to increased testing. Limited HDV testing and potential screening biases were evident.

Discussion
Improved HDV testing and surveillance are crucial for early detection and implementation of targeted therapies.
Characterization of Mycobacterium orygis, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium caprae Infections in Humans in Western Canada
Authors: Riopel Nicholas D , Long Richard , Heffernan Courtney , Tyrrell Gregory J , Shandro Cary , Li Vincent , Islam Md Rashedul , Stobart Michael , Sharma Meenu K , Soualhine Hafid , Cooper Ryan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Epidemiologic research on zoonotic tuberculosis historically used Mycobacterium bovis as a surrogate measure; however, increased reports of human tuberculosis caused by other animal-associated Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members like Mycobacterium orygis necessitates their inclusion. We performed a retrospective cohort study including persons infected with any animal-lineage M tuberculosis complex species in Alberta, Canada, from January 1995 to July 2021, identifying 42 patients (20 M bovis, 21 M orygis, 1 M caprae). Demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics were compared against persons with culture-confirmed M tuberculosis infection. The proportion of culture-positive infections caused by M orygis increased continuously from 2016 to 2020. Significantly more females at a higher median age were impacted by M orygis, with all patients originating from South Asia. Mycobacterium bovis caused significantly more extrapulmonary disease and disproportionately impacted young females, particularly those pregnant or postpartum. All infections were acquired abroad. These findings can aid in developing targeted public health interventions.
Investment Uncertainties and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Onitekun Olumide , Ogun Oluremi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of uncertainties, segmented into macroeconomic and political components, on investment in sub-Saharan Africa, with thirty-one countries represented. The analyses were further nuanced to trace the investment-growth link within this set of countries. Two investment types—private and foreign direct—were covered in separate analyses. The sample of countries was chosen through stratified sampling to include oil-exporting, other resource-intensive, and nonresource-endowed countries. The Jorgenson investment model, which explicitly incorporates uncertainty into the investment decision-making process using adaptive and extrapolative approaches, was adopted for the study, and augmented with the partial adjustment model to address the assumption that the user cost of capital adjusts instantaneously. For the two investment types considered, the impartial contract and foreign investment model and the country risk and private investment model were adopted, respectively. The two-way system generalized method of moments technique was employed for estimation. The results showed that foreign direct investment (FDI) in oil-exporting and other resource-intensive countries was only sensitive to macroeconomic uncertainty, while FDI in nonresource-intensive countries was vulnerable to both macroeconomic and political uncertainties. This finding strengthens the belief that, regardless of political instability, natural resources are a major attraction for foreign investors in sub-Saharan Africa. Finally, the study revealed that private investment in the resource-intensive region was primarily affected by macroeconomic uncertainty, whereas its political vulnerability was mainly observed in the oil-exporting and nonresource-intensive regions. To mitigate investment uncertainties in sub-Saharan Africa, it is crucial to focus on minimizing the volatility of interconnected price variables, requiring collaborative efforts.