bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fate of antigen after intravenous and intraarticular injection into rabbits
Authors: Mitnick Hal , Hoffstein Sylvia , Weissmann Gerald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo determine the manner in which small protein antigens enter the synovium and are localized, horseradish peroxidase (molecular weight 40,000) was injected by intravenous and intraarticular routes. Passage of antigen from capillary lumen to joint space and vice versa occurred primarily across fenestrated vessels. Antigen localized to collagen fibers and lining cells. At low concentrations of antigen, antigen was taken up predominantly by marcrophages, whereas at higher concentrations both macrophages and fibroblast‐like lining cells accumulated antigen.
Echovirus‐associated polyarthritis. report of a case with synovial fluid and synovial histologic characterization
Authors: Wolfe Blotzer J. , Myers Allen R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with fever, myalgias, and acute polyarthritis in whom echovirus 9 was isolated from throat and rectal swab specimens is described. All symptoms resolved spontaneously over a one week period except for the arthritis which required three months for complete recovery. A mildly inflammatory synovial fluid and histologic picture were observed. Attempts to isolate the virus from synovial fluid and synovium during acute illness were unsuccessful.
Significance of serum c‐reactive protein elevation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zein Nazih , Ganuza Carlos , Kushner Irving 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentration was determined by a radial immunodiffusion method in serum samples collected over a mean period of 19 months from a group of 17 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Thirty‐two episodes of CRP elevation were detected. Twenty of these were associated with active SLE, and 9 with proven or possible infection or bone fracture. In 3 cases no explanation for CRP elevation was readily apparent. There were 8 instances of onset or exacerbation of lupus activity without accompanying CRP elevation. These data indicate that CRP elevation in the course of SLE is frequently associated with activation of lupus, and that detection of such elevation does not differentiate between lupus activity and infection.
Radiologic analysis of arthritis in rats after systemic injection of streptococcal cell walls
Authors: Clark Richard L. , Cuttino John T. , Anderle Sonia K. , Cromartie William J. , Schwab John H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous suspension of cell wall fragments from group A streptococci induces a chronic intermittent arthritis in rats that is associated with the persistence of cell wall material in joint tissues. The radiographic techniques utilized to study this experimental model are described and the radiologic findings encountered during the natural history of the disease are presented. The progressive erosive synovitis of this model is similar to that seen in rheumatoid arthritis.
SErum Amyloid a Protein in Amyloidosis, Rheumatic, and Neoplastic Diseases
Authors: Benson Merrill D. , Cohen Alan S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum levels of amyloid protein A (SAA) have been shown to be elevated in different types of amyloidosis and in rheumatic diseases by radioimmunoassay using 125 iodine labeled AA and anti‐AA. SAA levels were elevated in both primary and secondary amyloidosis, but there were highly significant differences between these levels. In heredofamilial amyloid, SAA levels were within normal limits. While the mean SAA level was elevated in persons over 70 years, the fact that some persons in this age group had normal levels suggested that marked elevation after age 70 may be due to occult inflammatory or neoplastic disease. High SAA levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis correlated, in most cases, with physician evaluation of disease activity and Westergren ESR. SAA levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were lower than those in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and most patients with degenerative joint disease had normal levels. Very high levels of SAA were found in patients with neoplastic diseases. Patients with carcinoma of the lung and bowel had much higher levels than patients with carcinoma of the breast. Determination of SAA levels may be of value in evaluating different forms of systemic amyloidosis, assessing the activity of rheumatic disease, and screening for occult inflammatory or neoplastic disease.
Articular manifestations of mixed connective tissue disease
Authors: Ramos‐Niembro Francisco , Alarcóan‐Segovia Donato , Hernández‐Ortíz Jorge 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAll but one of 28 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) who were studied prospectively had arthralgia, and 15 of them had noticed joint swelling. Arthralgia was the first symptom in 14 patients and one of the first two symptoms in 24. Arthralgia was pauciarticular in 4 and polyarticular in 23. Presence of morning stiffness in 15 patients, symmetrical joint swelling in 16, joint deformity in 6, marginal erosions in roentgenograms of the hands of 12, rheumatoid factor in 25, and subcutaneous nodules in 5 caused 24 of the 28 patients with MCTD to fulfill criteria for definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis. All patients, however, also had prominent signs or symptoms of scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, or polymyositis.
Ribavirin treatment in murine autoimmune disease
Authors: Klassen Lynell W. , Williams Gary W. , Reinertsen James L. , Gerber N. Lynn , Steinberg Alfred D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNZB/W F, female mice were treated from 20 weeks of age with ribavirin (a broad spectrum antiviral drug), cyclophosphamide, or saline. Treatment with ribavirin (250 mg/kg twice weekly) prolonged survival from 9.8 to 18.5 months, reduced anti‐DNA antibodies, and prevented proteinuria. Ability of ribavirin to prolong survival was dose related when given on a twice weekly schedule. However, daily ribavirin (25 mg/kg/day) was as effective as higher intermittent doses. Optimal ribavirin therapy was equal to cyclophosphamide treatment with regard to prolongation of survival. Ribavirin treatment did not significantly alter the body weight, hematocrit, WBC count, serum immunoglobulins, or Coombs reactivity. No alterations in either cellular or humoral immune responses were noted in NZB/W F, or BALB/c mice treated for prolonged periods with ribavirin. The impressive therapeutic response to a broad spectrum antiviral agent seen in mice already manifesting immune complex nephritis provides a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of autoimmunity.
Cartilage proteoglycan alterations in an experimentally induced model of rabbit osteoarthritis
Authors: Moskowitz Roland W. , Howell David S. , Goldberg Victor M. , Muniz Ofelia , Pita Julio C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSize distribution of cartilage proteoglycans (PG) extracted from control and osteoarthritic rabbit knees after partial meniscectomy was analyzed. In normal control knees, about 30% of PG molecules were in aggregate form and average sedimentation constant was 60S. No aggregates were found in osteoarthritic cartilage, whether ulcer, rim about ulcer, or distant normal‐appearing cartilage was examined. Weight average sedimentation constants for PG subunits were similar to controls, 15S. Up to 70% of guanidinium‐extractable PG could be extracted from osteoarthritic cartilage by using 0.5M guanidine HCI (GuHCI); sedimentation characteristics of extracted PG were similar to those using 4.0M GuHCI. Absence of aggregates is consistent with a disorder of link protein, hyaluronic acid, or PG subunit hyaluronic acid binding sites. Absence of subunit degradation was an unexpected finding. The demonstrated ability of 0.5M GuHCI to extract large amounts of PG from osteoarthritic cartilage will allow study of cartilage proteoglycans in their native nondissociated state.
Joint effusions after kidney transplantation
Authors: Macfarlane John D. , Filo Ronald S. , Brandt Kenneth D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirty‐seven consecutive renal transplant recipients were studied prospectively for joint disease. Six developed arthralgias while corticosteroid doses were being lowered. Eleven patients (30%) developed knee effusions at a mean interval of 10 days following transplantation. Synovial fluids were colorless or very pale yellow, with few leukocytes (mean, 28/mm3). These benign transudative effusions did not correlate with immunologic abnormalities, transplant rejection, crystal deposition, or avascular necrosis and may have been due to high dose oral corticosteroid therapy.
Synovitis in secondary syphilis
Authors: Reginato Antonio J. , Schumacher H. Ralph , Jimenez Sergio , Maurer Kenneth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPolyarthritis and tenosynovitis were seen as the presenting complaints in 7 patients with secondary syphilis. Synovial needle biopsy was obtained in 3 cases and showed mild synovitis with infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes; vascular congestion; and slightly increased synovial lining cells. In addition, electron microscopy in these synovial membranes showed many necrotic polymorphonuclear leukocytes, much interstitial debris and fibrin, and in 2 patients, bodies suggestive of Treponema pallidum in the interstitium and in vessel lumens.
Increased toxoplasma antibodies in idiopathic inflammatory muscle disease
Authors: Phillips Paul E. , Kassan Stuart S. , Kagen Lawrence J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibodies to Toxoplasrna gondii were measured in sera from 69 patients with polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and myositis associated with other connective tissue diseases and compared to 69 age‐, race‐, and sex matched controls with unrelated diseases. Complement fixation toxoplasma antibodies were significantly more frequent in polymyositis and correlated with high IgM levels. Other distinguishing clinical or laboratory fea tures of these patients were not found. The high tox oplasma antibodies were not associated with generally hyperactive humoral immunity. The serologic data sug gested that inflammatory muscle disease was associated with recent active toxoplasma infection in certain patients. The pathogenetic role of the microorganism remains uncertain.
Anti‐dsdna and complement profiles as prognostic guides in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Swaak A. J. G. , Aarden L. A. , Statius Eps L. W. Van , Feltkamp T. E. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibodies to dsDNA, tested with circular DNA in the Farr assay, are specific for systemic lupus erythematosus. A longitudinal study showed a clear relation between the clinical state, the anti‐dsDNA titer (expressed in units), and the C1q and C3 levels: when anti‐dsDNA levels remained high, no exacerbations were observed. A sharp drop in anti‐dsDNA, usually preceded by a rise, was related to a serious exacerbation. Only during the exacerbation when both C1q and C3 were very low was renal involvement seen.
Immunoelectrophoretic assay for synovial fluid C3 with correction for synovial fluid globulin
Authors: Hasselbacher Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSynovial fluid C3 was measured by electroimmunoassay. When C3 was expressed as mg/ml, the amounts found in Reiter's disease, psoriatic arthritis, gout, and systemic lupus erythematosus were significantly different from degenerative arthritis. When C3 was corrected for total protein, the levels for rheumatoid arthritis, Reiter's disease, psoriatic arthritis, and systemic lupus were significantly different from degenerative arthritis. When C3 was corrected for synovial fluid globulin, only rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus were significantly different from degenerative arthritis. Correction of C3 for globulin increases the difference between rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative arthritis. A proportion of gouty fluids with a relative decrease in C3 is demonstrated. It is argued that correction of C3 for globulin is more meaningful than correction for total protein. While many nonrheumatoid inflammatory effusions demonstrate split products of C3, the majority of fluids from patients with systemic lupus have none.
Apparent acute renal failure associated with therapeutic aspirin and ibuprofen administration
Authors: Kimberly Robert P. , Sherman Raymond L. , Mouradian Janet , Lockshin Michael D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAspirin and ibuprofen may cause a decrease in renal function which, although statistically significant, is usually small. We report a patient with active systemic lupus erythematosus and apparent acute renal failure associated with the administration of these drugs. Renal biopsy revealed no light microscopic evidence of drug nephrotoxicity although patchy nonspecific ultrastructural changes in the tubular epithelium were seen. The renal failure reversed rapidly when the drugs were withdrawn.
Rheumatology
Authors: Samuelson Cecil O. , Cockayne Thomas W. , Williams H. James 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe majority of patients with rheumatologic problems are seen and followed by nonrheumatologists. Of concern is the perception that a significant number of United States medical schools do not have adequate teaching programs in the rheumatic diseases. Two thousand two hundred and seventy practicing physicians, trainees, and medical students were surveyed in the Intermountain West to determine what they think undergraduate medical students should learn about rheumatology. Most respondents felt that common diseases and problems should be emphasized and that basic skills in history taking and physical examination are more important than disease related information.
Acute monocytic arthritis
Authors: Brawer Arthur E. , Cathcart Edgar S. , Steere Allen C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive patients with the triad of fever, skin rash, and acute polyarthritis were studied with regard to synovial fluid analysis. All cases revealed inflammatory effusions with a predominant monocytosis. Skin biopsies from two cases and synovial membrane biopsy from one case revealed a nonnecrotizing vasculitis. Although the etiology of this syndrome was not ascertained, it bears striking similarities to certain viral arthritides. It also deserves consideration as a form of acute hypersensitivity angiitis.
Immune Complexes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Sera and Synovial Fluids
Authors: Halla James T. , Volanakis John E. , Schrohenloher Ralph E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera and synovial fluids from 88 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined for circulating immune complexes by three assays: monoclonal rheumatoid factor radioimmunoassay, Clq binding assay, and Raji cell radioassay. Paired samples were available for 82 patients. Immune complexes were detected with high frequency in the synovial fluid by each assay (75% by the monoclonal rheumatoid factor radioimmunoassay, 95% by the Clq binding assay, and 61% by the Raji cell radioassay). In rheumatoid arthritis sera, immune complexes were detected with high frequency by the Clq binding assay (85%) and the monoclonal rheumatoid factor radioimmunoassay (70%) but infrequently by the Raji cell radioassay (26%). The presence of immune complexes in serum was most frequently accompanied by the presence of complexes in fluid, regardless of the method of detection; moreover, the levels of immune complexes in synovial fluid were generally higher than in paired serum. Further, the levels of immune complexes as measured by the Clq binding assay correlated with certain parameters of clinical activity, while the monoclonal rheumatoid factor radioimmunoassay and Raji cell radioassay correlated with extraarticular features (excluding nodules) of rheumatoid arthritis.
Long Term Chrysotherapy
Authors: Kean W. F. , Anastassiades T. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe frequency and incidence of certain forms of toxicity in patients receiving long term chrysotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis have been reliably calculated for defined, sequential time periods. Ninety‐four patients who received 100 courses of gold therapy for a total treatment period of 134.4 patient‐years were followed at one gold therapy clinic. For the period of 0–3 months, the incidences of rash, mouth ulcer, and proteinuria were 9.8, 4.0, and 1.8 episodes per 10,000 patients/month, respectively. However, the incidence of these forms of toxicity decreased progressively in subsequent time periods of continued chrysotherapy. No similar decrease was noted in the incidence of thrombocytopenia, but it would appear that the methodology used in monitoring significantly affects the incidence of clinically important thrombocytopenia. No predictive correlates could be determined for patients who had gone into sustained remission. However, the data strongly suggest that patients who improve within 6 months may continue chrysotherapy for at least up to 3 years with an increasing margin of safety for mucocutaneous and renal toxicity.
Development and Reversal of a Proteoglycan Aggregation Defect In Normal Canine Knee Cartilage After Immobilization
Authors: Palmoski Marshall , Perricone Elaine , Brandt Kenneth D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHealthy adult dogs were studied for a defect in proteoglycan aggregation by immobilizing one limb for varying periods of time. Immobilization for 6 days resulted in a 41% reduction in proteoglycan synthesis by articular cartilage from the restrained knee compared with the contralateral control knee. After 3 weeks of immobilization, proteoglycan aggregation was no longer demonstrable in cartilage from the constrained limb. The aggregation defect was rapidly reversible and aggregates were again normal size 2 weeks after removal of a cast that had been worn for 6 weeks.
Cardiopulmonary Manifestations of Progressive Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Pisko Edward , Gallup Kenneth , Turner Robert , Parker Michael , Nomeir Abdel‐Moshem , Box Jane , Davis John , Box Pat , Rothberger Henry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixteen patients with progressive systemic sclerosis were evaluated for cardiopulmonary manifestations of their disease and for serologic immune abnormalities. Twenty‐five percent of patients had abnormal echocardiograms, and 81% had a significant reduction in pulmonary function by spirometry. Circulating immune complexes (IC) were detected in 44% of patients by using a fluorescent Raji cell assay, and these patients were more likely to have an abnormal echocardiogram (P < 0.02). Seventy‐five percent of the patients had fluorescent antinuclear antibodies (FANA) and these patients were more likely to have pulmonary disease (p < 0.01).
C3 Activation by Monosodium Urate Monohydrate and Other Crystalline Material
Authors: Hasselbacher Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM) is a potent activator of the complement system as measured by electrophoretic conversion of β,C to β, A. Activation of C3 in human serum by MSUM is both time‐ and dose‐dependent. The sensitivity of the assay allows detection of C3 activation by as little as 0.2 mg/ml of MSUM. It was observed that C3 activation is calcium dependent and eliminated by both EDTA and EGTA, a finding that demonstrated the major role of the classic pathway of complement activation. Excess calcium or magnesium alone inhibited C3 activation by MSUM in accord with the inhibitory effect of these cations on sensitized sheep cell hemolysis by complement. Heating of MSUM at 200°C for 2 hours removes the water of crystallization such that heated crystals may no longer be considered MSUM. Such treatment has a variable effect on C3 activation. Of the crystals and other material studied, only zymosan was more potent than MSUM in activating C3. Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate and hydroxyapatite activated significant amounts of C3. Asbestos, glass wool, or a variety of microcrystalline steroids activated little or no C3.
Plasmapheresis and lymphoplasmapheresis in the management of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. , Goldfinger Dennis , Gatti Richard , Lowe Cheryl , Fan Peng , Bluestone Rodney , Klinenberg James R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have demonstrated the efficacy of therapeutic pheresis in a number of rheumatic diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Ten of 12 patients with RA went into remissions averaging 4 months. These patients were pheresed 20 times over 11 weeks in a tapering fashion on a Haemonetics Model 30 Blood Processor. Clinical remissions were sustained even though serologies, immunoglobulins, immune functions, sedimentation rates, and circulating immune complexes returned to their pre‐pheresis baseline by pheresis number 20. All these patients were taking gold or D‐penicillamine concurrently, but neither of the 2 patients who failed to respond was on these agents. Plasmapheresis was just as effective as lymphoplasmapheresis. It is theorized that removal of a plasma factor that modulates lymphocyte or neutrophil function produces remissions in RA and that long‐acting drugs (e.g., gold or penicillamine) are able to prevent its continued production and produce a sustained remission.
Cellular immunity in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis
Authors: Papaioannou Christos C. , Hunder Gene G. , Mcduffie Frederic C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood lymphocyte functions were evaluated in 20 patients with active polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and/or giant cell arteritis (GCA) by determining the percent of E‐rosette‐forming cells and by measuring the uptake of tritiated thymidine by peripheral blood lymphocytes after exposure to common infectious antigens and to homogenates of homologous and heterologous artery, muscle, and elastin. Although lymphocytes from patients with PMR and/or GCA were stimulated slightly by artery and muscle homogenates, no differences in lymphocyte responses were found when the results were compared with 22 normal controls and 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The hypothesis that GCA results from a cellular immune reaction to normal or diseased arterial wall antigens is not supported by these studies.
Studies of immune functions of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sakane Tsuyoshi , Steinberg Alfred D. , Arnett Frank C. , Reinertsen James L. , Green Ira 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn normal individuals T cells are stimulated to proliferate by autologous non‐T cells; this is called the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Previous studies demonstrated that such an autologous MLR was markedly impaired in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To determine whether the defect resided in the responding cell or the stimulating cell, mixing experiments were performed using cells from identical twins. We identified two sets of identical twins discordant for SLE activity and correspondingly discordant in their degree of responsiveness in the autologous MLR. Reciprocal mixing experiments were performed in which T cells from one twin of each pair were mixed with non‐T cells from the other twin of that pair. These studies indicated that patients with active SLE have a defect in the ability of non‐T cells to stimulate as well as a defect in the ability of both Tγ and Tnonγ cells to respond in the autologous MLR. Patients with inactive SLE have a defect only in responsiveness of Tγ cells.