bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Стійкість суспільства в теорії та практиці
Authors: Екстрем Т. , Лістоу T. , Ганненко Ю. 
Published: February 2024

З моменту створення НАТО, інші країни не можуть атакувати територію Альянсу відповідно до акту війни, тоді як Україна зараз переживає найжорстокішу війну на європейській землі з часів Другої світової війни. Російська війна в Україні ілюструє чотири загальні оперативні вимоги до будь-якої військової сили: доступність, готовність, мобільність і стійкість. Жодна військова логістична система сама не може задовольнити всіх експлуатаційних вимог. Логістична система буде залежати від функціонування системи інфраструктури для забезпечення мобільності, а також використовувати комерційні ланцюжки поставок для забезпечення стійкості. Базові вимоги НАТО, викладені в статті 3 Договору НАТО, які стосуються стійкості, як до систем інфраструктури, так і до ресурсів і ланцюгів поставок держав-членів. У статті визначено, що соціальна стійкість є здатність окремих людей і команд, організацій, мереж і товариств, окремо та в цілому готуватися, відповідати, протистояти, одужати та адаптуватися до основних викликів. Також розглянуто функціонування елементів інженерії, екології та психології.
Поєднуючи конструкції з трьох різних областей дослідження стійкості, і додаючи аспекти дослідження стратегії, розроблено орієнтовну основу для вивчення стійкості суспільства, включаючи аспекти чутливості, міцності та стійкості на різних рівнях.
У статті викладено перші кроки до створення основ для подальших досліджень логістичних аспектів ведення війни в контексті стійкості суспільства. Як наступний крок пропонується використання основ для дослідження стійкості суспільства в Україні. Також у статті розглянуто можливість досягнення семи базових показників національної стійкості, організація та мережі використання стратегії швидкого реагування на загрози для досягнення оперативності, надійності та стійкості держави.
Smelting a Zn – Pb Sulfide Ore with Magnetite and Carbon for the Production of a Silicon Alloy and Extraction of Zinc and Lead into Sublimates
Authors: Shevko Viktor , Makhanbetova Baktygul , Aitkulov Dosmurat , Badikova Alexandra 
Published: February 2024

The article presents the results of thermodynamic prediction and electric smelting of Shalkiya sulfide zinc-lead-bearing ore in the presence of magnetite and coke. Using the HSC-6.0 software package, it was found that under equilibrium conditions in the presence of Fe3O4 and carbon, the reduction and formation of gaseous zinc from ZnS (according to ∆G° = 0) occurs at a temperature of 1205.7 °C, and the formation of ferroalloy at the interaction of the sulfide ore with magnetite and carbon begins at 1200 °C. About 58% of silicon is extracted into the ferroalloy at 1800–1900 °C; almost all zinc and 83–88% of lead turns into a gaseous state. Electric smelting of the sulfide ore in the presence of magnetite concentrate and coke makes it possible to obtain the FS45 grade ferrosilicon (42–43% of Si); the silicon extraction degree was 84–88%. At the same time, 97.3% of lead and 99.2% of zinc are extracted into the sublimates. The developed method for processing zinc sulfide ores allows us to increase the degree of raw materials' comprehensive use due to the extraction of not only zinc and lead, but also silicon. The technology can be used to process raw materials containing zinc, lead and silica, such as zinc ore concentration tailings.
A pilot study exploring novel contexts for out-of-office blood pressure measurement
Authors: Allinson Francis , Mejia Nolan , Ariniello Lauren , Quer Giorgio , Muse Evan D. 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionOut-of-office blood pressure (BP) monitoring is increasingly valuable in the diagnosis and management of hypertension. With advances in wearable BP technologies, the ability to gain insight into BP outside of traditional centers of care has expanded greatly.MethodsHere we explore the usability of a novel, wrist-worn BP cuff monitor for out-of-office data collection with participants following digital cues rather than in-person instruction. Transmitted measurements were used to evaluate BP variation with the time of day and day of week, BP variation with mood, and orthostatic measurements.ResultsFifty participants, with a mean age of 44.5 years, were enrolled and received the BP monitor. 82% of the participants transmitted data via the smartphone application, and the median wear time of the device during the 4-week study was 11 days (IQR 8-17).DiscussionThis prospective digital pilot study illustrates the usability of wearable oscillometric BP technology combined with digital cues via a smartphone application to obtain complex out-of-office BP measurements, including orthostatic vital signs and BP associated with emotion. 25 out of 32 participants who attempted orthostatic vital signs based on in-app instruction were able to do so correctly, while 24 participants transmitted BP readings associated with emotion, with a significant difference in BP noted between calm and stressed emotional states.
Enhancing mathematical education with spatial visualization tools
Authors: Medina Herrera Linda Margarita , Juárez Ordóñez Saúl , Ruiz-Loza Sergio 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThis article highlights the innovative approach of incorporating spatial visualization tools in mathematics education, specifically focusing on the exploration of virtual environments and 3D printing. By integrating these advanced technologies, educators can enhance the learning experience and facilitate a deeper understanding of mathematical concepts. This research delves into the potential benefits and practical applications of these tools, shedding light on their effectiveness in fostering spatial reasoning skills and promoting active student engagement. The study aims to uncover new avenues for leveraging technology in the mathematics classroom and re-imagining the teaching and learning process.MethodsTo assess the progress in spatial visualization ability, the Revised Purdue Spatial Visualization Test (Revised PSVT: R) was administered as both a pre-test and a post-test to a sample of 255 students divided into control and experimental groups.ResultsThe findings indicate that the control group exhibited no significant development (p = 0.163) and had a minimal effect size of change (g = 0.035), whereas the experimental group demonstrated a substantial improvement in spatial visualization ability (p &lt; 0.05) with a noteworthy medium effect size of change (g = 0.325). Furthermore, an analysis of variance was conducted to compare the mean normalized change in spatial visualization ability between the control and experimental groups. The results, with 95% confidence, establish that the normalized spatial visualization change is significantly higher in the experimental group. Specifically, the experimental group witnessed a 25% increase in spatial visualization skills, while the control group only experienced a 5% increase.DiscussionOur study demonstrates the significance and effectiveness of integrating spatial visualization tools in mathematics education to enhance students’ spatial reasoning skills and mathematics understanding.
The correlation between admission hyperglycemia and 30-day readmission after hip fracture surgery in geriatric patients: a propensity score-matched study
Authors: Tang Wanyun , Ni Xiaomin , Yao Wei , Wang Wei , Lv Qiaomei , Ding Wenbo , He Renjian 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the association between admission hyperglycemia and 30-day readmission after hip fracture surgery in geriatric patients.MethodsThis retrospective study included 1253 geriatric hip fracture patients. Patients were categorized into normoglycemia(&lt;6.10 mmol/L) and hyperglycemia groups(≥6.10 mmol/L) based on admission blood glucose. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses and propensity score matching (PSM) to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for 30-day readmission, controlling for potential confounding factors. An analysis of the dose-dependent association between admission blood glucose and the probability of 30-day readmission was performed. Additional subgroup analysis was conducted to examine the impact of other factors on the relationship between admission blood glucose and 30-day readmission.ResultsPatients with hyperglycemia had higher 30-day readmission rates than normoglycemic patients before (19.1% vs 9.7%, p&lt;0.001) and after PSM (18.1% vs 12.3%, p=0.035). Admission hyperglycemia was an independent predictor of increased 30-day readmission risk, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.57 (95% CI 1.08-2.29, p=0.019) after multivariable regression and 1.57 (95% CI 1.03-2.39, p=0.036) after PSM. A dose-response relationship was observed between higher glucose levels and increased readmission risk.ConclusionAdmission hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for 30-day readmission after hip fracture surgery in the elderly. Routine glucose testing upon admission and perioperative glycemic control may help reduce short-term readmissions in this vulnerable population.
Deciphering complexity: TULP1 variants linked to an atypical retinal dystrophy phenotype
Authors: Esteve-Garcia Anna , Cobos Estefania , Sau Cristina , Padró-Miquel Ariadna , Català-Mora Jaume , Barberán-Martínez Pilar , Millán José M. , García-García Gema , Aguilera Cinthia 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:TULP1 exemplifies the remarkable clinical and genetic heterogeneity observed in inherited retinal dystrophies. Our research describes the clinical and molecular characteristics of a patient manifesting an atypical retinal dystrophy pattern, marked by the identification of both a previously unreported and a rarely encountered TULP1 variant.Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify potential causative variants. The pathogenicity of the identified TULP1 variants was evaluated through in silico predictors and a minigene splice assay, specifically designed to assess the effect of the unreported TULP1 variant.Results: We identified two TULP1 gene variants in a patient exhibiting unusual and symmetrical alterations in both retinas, characterized by an increase in autofluorescence along the distribution of retinal vessels. These variants included a known rare missense variant, c.1376T&gt;C, and a novel splice site variant, c.822G&gt;T. For the latter variant (c.822G&gt;T), we conducted a minigene splice assay that demonstrated the incorporation of a premature stop codon. This finding suggests a likely activation of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay mechanism, ultimately resulting in the absence of protein production from this allele. Segregation analysis confirmed that these variants were in trans.Discussion: Our data support that individuals with biallelic TULP1 variants may present with a unique pattern of macular degeneration and periarteriolar vascular pigmentation. This study highlights the importance of further clinical and molecular characterization of TULP1 variants to elucidate genotype–phenotype correlations in the context of inherited retinal dystrophies.
CD8+ T and NK cells characterized by upregulation of NPEPPS and ABHD17A are associated with the co-occurrence of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease
Authors: Dai Chenyu , Wang Damu , Tao Qianqian , Li Ziyi , Zhai Peng , Wang Yingying , Hou Mei , Cheng Simin , Qi Wei , Zheng Longyi , Yao Huaifang 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are closely related. The function of immunocytes in the pathogenesis of CAD and T2DM has not been extensively studied. The quantitative bioinformatics analysis of the public RNA sequencing database was applied to study the key genes that mediate both CAD and T2DM. The biological characteristics of associated key genes and mechanism of CD8+ T and NK cells in CAD and T2DM are our research focus.MethodsWith expression profiles of GSE66360 and GSE78721 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we identified core modules associated with gene co-expression relationships and up-regulated genes in CAD and T2DM using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and the ‘limma’ software package. The enriched pathways of the candidate hub genes were then explored using GO, KEGG and GSEA in conjunction with the immune gene set (from the MSigDB database). A diagnostic model was constructed using logistic regression analysis composed of candidate hub genes in CAD and T2DM. Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed hazard ratios (HRs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p-values for candidate hub genes in diagnostic model, while CIBERSORT and immune infiltration were used to assess the immune microenvironment. Finally, monocytes from peripheral blood samples and their immune cell ratios were analyzed by flow cytometry to validate our findings.ResultsSixteen candidate hub genes were identified as being correlated with immune infiltration. Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that NPEPPS and ABHD17A were highly correlated with the diagnosis of CAD and T2DM. The results indicate that CD8+ T cells (p = 0.04) and NKbright cells (p = 3.7e-3) are significantly higher in healthy controls than in individuals with CAD or CAD combined with T2DM. The bioinformatics results on immune infiltration were well validated by flow cytometry.ConclusionsA series of bioinformatics studies have shown ABHD17A and NPEPPS as key genes for the co-occurrence of CAD and T2DM. Our study highlights the important effect of CD8+ T and NK cells in the pathogenesis of both diseases, indicating that they may serve as viable targets for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.
Effect of DON and ZEN and their metabolites DOM-1 and HZEN on B cell proliferation and antibody production
Authors: Pierron Alix , Kleber Alexandra , Mayer Elisabeth , Gerner Wilhelm 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), produced by Fusarium fungi, are frequently found in the cereal-rich diet of pigs and can modulate the immune system. Some enzymes or bacteria present in the digestive tract can de-epoxydize DON to deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) and biotransform ZEN into hydrolyzed ZEN (HZEN). The effects of these metabolites on immune cells, particularly with respect to the vaccine responses, are poorly documented. The aim of this study was to address the impact of DON and ZEN and their respective derivatives, on proliferation, and antibody production of porcine B cells in vitro.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), isolated from healthy pigs, were stimulated with the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8-agonist Resiquimod (R848) or the TLR/1/2-agonist Pam3Cys-SKKKK in combination with DON [0.1-1.6 µM] or DOM-1 [1.6 µM and 16 µM] and ZEN [2.5-40 µM] or HZEN [40 µM].ResultsA strong decrease in B-cell proliferation was observed at DON concentrations equal to or exceeding 0.8 µM and at ZEN concentrations equal to or exceeding 20 µM. Treatment with 1.6 µM DON or 40 µM ZEN led to almost a complete loss of live CD79α+ B cells. Moreover, CD21 expression of proliferating IgG+ and IgM+ B-cell subsets was decreased at DON concentrations equal to and exceeding 0.4 µM and at ZEN concentrations equal to or exceeding 10 µM. ELISpot assays revealed a decrease of IgG-secreting B cells at concentrations of and exceeding 0.4 µM and at ZEN concentrations equal to and exceeding 10 µM. ELISA assays showed a decrease of IgM, IgG, and IgA secretion at concentrations equal to or exceeding 0.4 µM DON. ZEN reduced IgM secretion at 20-40 µM (both R848 and Pam3Cys-SKKKK), IgG secretion at 40 µM (both R848 and Pam3Cys-SKKKK) and IgA secretion at 20-40 µM.DiscussionOur in vitro experiments show that while DON and ZEN impair immunoglobulin production and B-cell proliferation, this effect is abrogated by HZEN and DOM-1.
Anomaly detection in automated fibre placement: learning with data limitations
Authors: Ghamisi Assef , Charter Todd , Ji Li , Rivard Maxime , Lund Gil , Najjaran Homayoun 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Conventional defect detection systems in Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) typically rely on end-to-end supervised learning, necessitating a substantial number of labelled defective samples for effective training. However, the scarcity of such labelled data poses a challenge.Methods: To overcome this limitation, we present a comprehensive framework for defect detection and localization in Automated Fibre Placement. Our approach combines unsupervised deep learning and classical computer vision algorithms, eliminating the need for labelled data or manufacturing defect samples. It efficiently detects various surface issues while requiring fewer images of composite parts for training. Our framework employs an innovative sample extraction method leveraging AFP’s inherent symmetry to expand the dataset. By inputting a depth map of the fibre layup surface, we extract local samples aligned with each composite strip (tow).Results: These samples are processed through an autoencoder, trained on normal samples for precise reconstructions, highlighting anomalies through reconstruction errors. Aggregated values form an anomaly map for insightful visualization. The framework employs blob detection on this map to locate manufacturing defects.Discussion: The experimental findings reveal that despite training the autoencoder with a limited number of images, our proposed method exhibits satisfactory detection accuracy and accurately identifies defect locations. Our framework demonstrates comparable performance to existing methods, while also offering the advantage of detecting all types of anomalies without relying on an extensive labelled dataset of defects.
Peripheral nerve blocks of wrist and finger flexors can increase hand opening in chronic hemiparetic stroke
Authors: Dewald Hendrik A. , Yao Jun , Dewald Julius P. A. , Nader Antoun , Kirsch Robert F. 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionHand opening is reduced by abnormal wrist and finger flexor activity in many individuals with stroke. This flexor activity also limits hand opening produced by functional electrical stimulation (FES) of finger and wrist extensor muscles. Recent advances in electrical nerve block technologies have the potential to mitigate this abnormal flexor behavior, but the actual impact of nerve block on hand opening in stroke has not yet been investigated.MethodsIn this study, we applied the local anesthetic ropivacaine to the median and ulnar nerve to induce a complete motor block in 9 individuals with stroke and observed the impact of this block on hand opening as measured by hand pentagonal area. Volitional hand opening and FES-driven hand opening were measured, both while the arm was fully supported on a haptic table (Unloaded) and while lifting against gravity (Loaded). Linear mixed effect regression (LMER) modeling was used to determine the effect of Block.ResultsThe ropivacaine block allowed increased hand opening, both volitional and FES-driven, and for both unloaded and loaded conditions. Notably, only the FES-driven and Loaded condition’s improvement in hand opening with the block was statistically significant. Hand opening in the FES and Loaded condition improved following nerve block by nearly 20%.ConclusionOur results suggest that many individuals with stroke would see improved hand-opening with wrist and finger flexor activity curtailed by nerve block, especially when FES is used to drive the typically paretic finger and wrist extensor muscles. Such a nerve block (potentially produced by aforementioned emerging electrical nerve block technologies) could thus significantly address prior observed shortcomings of FES interventions for individuals with stroke.
The association of dietary nitrates/nitrites intake and the gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and kynurenine in adults: a population-based study
Authors: Mirzababaei Atieh , Mahmoodi Maryam , Abaj Faezeh , Barkhidarian Bahareh , Dehghani Azadeh , Khalili Pardis , Roumi Zahra , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundDietary nitrate and nitrite may affect the gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and kynurenine (KYN). However, this association and the exact mechanism are still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association between dietary consumption of nitrite and nitrate on TMAO and KYN levels in adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was employed on a subsample baseline phase of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Employee's Cohort Study (TEC). A total of 250 adults aged 18 years or older were included in the current analysis. Data on the dietary intakes were collected using a validated dish-based food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and dietary intakes of nitrite and nitrate were estimated using the FFQ with 144 items. Serum profiles and TMAO and KYN were measured using a standard protocol.ResultsThe findings of this study demonstrate a significant association between the intake of animal sources of nitrate and nitrite and the likelihood of having elevated levels of TMAO and KYN. Specifically, after adjustment, individuals with the highest intake adherence to nitrates from animal sources exhibited increased odds of having the highest level of TMAO (≥51.02 pg/ml) (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.59–3.88, P = 0.03) and KYN (≥417.41 pg/ml) (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 0.73–4.17, P = 0.02). Additionally, subjects with the highest animal intake from nitrite sources have 1.73 and 1.45 times higher odds of having the highest levels of TMAO and KYN. These results emphasize the potential implications of animal-derived nitrate and nitrite consumption on the levels of TMAO and KYN.ConclusionThe present evidence indicates that a high level of nitrate and nitrite intake from animal sources can increase the odds of high levels of TMAO and KYN. Further studies suggest that we should better evaluate and understand this association.