bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
End‐to‐end versus end‐to‐side stapled anastomoses after anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Brisinda Giuseppe , Vanella Serafino , Cadeddu Federica , Civello Ignazio Massimo , Brandara Francesco , Nigro Casimiro , Mazzeo Pasquale , Marniga Gaia , Maria Giorgio 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground and AimsSphincter‐saving procedures for resection of mid and, in some cases, of distal rectal tumors have become prevalent as their safety have been established. Increased anastomotic leak rate, associated with the type of anastomosis and the distance from the anal verge, has been reported. To compare surgical outcomes of end‐to‐end and end‐to‐side anastomosis after anterior resection for T1–T2 rectal cancer.MethodsDuring the study period, a total of 298 rectal cancer patients were treated. Patients with T1–T2 rectal cancer (i.e., tumor level ≤15 cm from the anal verge) fit for surgery were asked to participate in the study. Patients were randomized to receive either an end‐to‐end anastomosis or an end‐to‐side anastomosis using the left colon. Surgical results and complications were recorded.ResultsSeventy‐seven patients were randomized. Thirty‐seven end‐to‐end anastomoses and 40 end‐to‐side anastomoses were performed. Anastomotic leakage after end‐to‐end anastomosis was 29.2%, while after end‐to‐side anastomosis was 5% (P = 0.005). In the end‐to‐end group 11 patients had anastomotic leaks: nine patients needed a re‐intervention with colostomy creation subsequently closed in seven cases. Two patients of the end‐to‐side group experienced anastomotic leakage and were successfully treated conservatively.ConclusionsRegarding postoperative surgical complications, end‐to‐side anastomosis is a safe procedure. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:75–79. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Capillary electrophoretic separation of tricyclic antidepressants using a polymer‐coated capillary and β‐cyclodextrin as an electrolyte additive
Authors: Lin Shih‐Chung , Whang Chen‐Wen 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA new method for the CE separation of nine tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), viz. amitriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin, fluphenazine, imipramine, nortriptyline, promazine, and thioridazine, is described. The capillary was statically coated with a layer of poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) to suppress the EOF, and β‐CD was used as an additive in the BGE solution. The optimal resolution of nine TCAs was obtained by using a 1% v/v PDMA‐coated capillary and a BGE solution of 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) containing 0.5 mM β‐CD. Efficiencies were typically >105 plates/m. Complete separation of nine TCAs could be achieved in about 28 min; the two diastereomers of doxepin and the two enantiomers of thioridazine could also be separated. The RSD values of migration time and peak area of the TCAs were in the ranges 0.5–0.8 and 3.3–4.9% (n = 10), respectively. In combination with a suitable sample clean‐up technique, such as hollow fiber‐based liquid phase microextraction (HF‐LPME), the polymer‐coated capillary can be employed for the CE‐UV analysis of TCAs in human plasma.
Participants' characteristics and economic benefits of visiting friends and relatives (VFR) tourism — an international survey of the literature with implications for Ghana
Authors: Asiedu Alex Boakye 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis article surveys the literature on visiting friends and relatives (VFR) tourism, identifying and describing its variant forms and the main characteristics of participants. This characterisation involves a discussion on socio‐demographic and economic traits as well as travel characteristics of VFR trip makers. The study further reviews VFR tourism's economic contributions to destination areas with specific focus on foreign exchange earnings, local revenue mobilisation, multiplier effects of tourism expenditures and employment generation. This background review provides the basis for assessing the possibilities for developing a viable and sustainable VFR tourism in Ghana by highlighting and evaluating critical factors such as seasonality of VFR tourists inflows, income leakages, host and guest relationships, and destination image. Appropriate recommendations based on the above insights have been provided to enhance Ghana's competitive edge in the promotion of this tourism category. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erosion modelling approach to simulate the effect of land management options on soil loss by considering catenary soil development and farmers perception
Authors: Brunner A. C. , Park S. J. , Ruecker G. R. , Vlek P. L. G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe prevention of soil erosion is one of the most essential requirements for sustainable agriculture in developing countries. In recent years it is widely recognized that more site‐specific approaches are needed to assess variations in erosion susceptibility in order to select the most suitable land management methods for individual hillslope sections. This study quantifies the influence of different land management methods on soil erosion by modelling soil loss for individual soil‐landscape units on a hillslope in Southern Uganda. The research combines a soil erosion modelling approach using the physically based Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP)‐model with catenary soil development along hillslopes. Additionally, farmers' perceptions of soil erosion and sedimentation are considered in a hillslope mapping approach. The detailed soil survey confirmed a well‐developed catenary soil sequence along the hillslope and the participatory hillslope mapping exercise proved that farmers can distinguish natural soil property changes using their local knowledge. WEPP‐model simulations show that differences in soil properties, related to the topography along the hillslope, have a significant impact on total soil loss. Shoulder and backslope positions with steeper slope gradients were most sensitive to changes in land management. Furthermore, soil conservation techniques such as residue management and contouring could reduce soil erosion by up to 70 percent on erosion‐sensitive slope sections compared to that under tillage practices presently used at the study site. The calibrated model may be used as a tool to provide quantitative information to farmers regarding more site‐specific land management options. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The oxidative stability of biodiesel: Effects of FAME composition and antioxidant
Authors: Tang Haiying , De Guzman Rhet C. , Salley Steven O. , Ng Simon K.Y. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA significant problem associated with the commercial acceptance of biodiesel is poor oxidative stability. This study investigated the effectiveness of individual and binary antioxidants to improve the oxidative stability of different types of biodiesel and distilled biodiesel. Results indicate that different types of biodiesel have different levels of oxidative stability, and that natural antioxidants and FAME composition play significant roles in determining oxidative stability. Synthetic antioxidants can enhance the oxidative stability of different types of biodiesel, and antioxidant activity increases as a function of its concentration. However, the effective activity level of antioxidant is dependent on biodiesel feedstock. Binary antioxidant formulations (TBHQ and PY) have a synergistic effect on oxidative stability of biodiesel. After long‐term storage at room temperature, the oxidative stability of untreated SBO‐based biodiesel significantly decreases as a function of time, while the addition of the antioxidant TBHQ can improve and maintain oxidative stability of biodiesel over an 18‐month period. However, the effectiveness of PY significantly decreases even after 2‐months.
Estolides: From structure and function to structured and functionalized
Authors: Zerkowski Jonathan A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractOligomeric fatty acid esters, known as estolides, have been studied for close to a century. It has only been in the last few years, however, that efficient methods for preparing estolides have been developed that also allow some control over their molecular structures. By varying the bio‐based feedstocks and reaction conditions, the functional properties, particularly those geared toward lubrication, can be modified. More recently, synthetic advances have permitted stepwise construction of estolides with functional groups (hydrophilic or reactive) positioned at specific sites within the chain.
Monounsaturated fat and vascular function
Authors: Stanley John C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDietary intervention trials are cause effect studies with the disadvantage of measuring disease risk factor endpoints as opposed to disease endpoints. One approach towards overcoming this disadvantage is to use a measure of vascular function as an endpoint. There are two dietary strategies for lowering the intake of saturated fat. One is to replace the saturated fat with monounsaturated fat and the other is to replace it with carbohydrate. It is difficult to decide from the results of intervention trials with disease risk factor endpoints, which of these strategies is better for health. After allowance has been made for defects in design, measurements of vascular function suggest that replacing saturated fat with monounsaturated fat is better for the cardiovascular system.
On the Π11‐separation principle
Authors: Montalbán Antonio 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe study the proof‐theoretic strength of the Π11‐separation axiom scheme, and we show that Π11‐separation lies strictly in between the Δ11‐comprehension and Σ11‐choice axiom schemes over RCA0. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polish group actions, nice topologies, and admissible sets
Authors: Majcher‐Iwanow Barbara 
Published: November 2008

AbstractLet G be a closed subgroup of S∞ and X be a Polish G ‐space. To every x ∈ X we associate an admissible set Ax and show how questions about X which involve Baire category can be formalized in Ax . (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On non‐compact logics in NEXT(KTB)
Authors: Kostrzycka Zofia 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this paper we construct a continuum of logics, extensions of the modal logic T2 = KTB ⊕ □2p → □3p, which are non‐compact (relative to Kripke frames) and hence Kripke incomplete. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A note on stationarity of types over models in simple theories
Authors: Kobayashi Makoto , Tsuboi Akito 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe investigate stationarity of types over models in simple theories. In particular, we show that in simple theories with finite SU‐rank, any complete type over a model having Cantor‐Bendixson rank is stationary. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Unions and the axiom of choice
Authors: Cruz Omar De la , Hall Eric J. , Howard Paul , Keremedis Kyriakos , Rubin Jean E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe study statements about countable and well‐ordered unions and their relation to each other and to countable and well‐ordered forms of the axiom of choice. Using WO as an abbreviation for “well‐orderable”, here are two typical results: The assertion that every WO family of countable sets has a WO union does not imply that every countable family of WO sets has a WO union; the axiom of choice for WO families of WO sets does not imply that the countable union of countable sets is WO. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Addendum to “A definable nonstandard enlargement”
Authors: Herzberg Frederik 
Published: November 2008

AbstractŁoś's theorem for bounded D ‐ultrapowers, D being the ultrafilter introduced by Kanovei and Shelah [4], is established. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The impact of atmospheric composition on plants: A case study of ozone and poplar
Authors: Renaut Jenny , Bohler Sacha , Hausman Jean‐François , Hoffmann Lucien , Sergeant Kjell , Ahsan Nagib , Jolivet Yves , Dizengremel Pierre 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTropospheric ozone is the main atmospheric pollutant that causes damages to trees. The estimation of the threshold for ozone risk assessment depends on the evaluation of the means that this pollutant impacts the plant and, especially, the foliar organs. The available results show that, before any visible symptom appears, carbon assimilation and the underlying metabolic processes are decreased under chronic ozone exposure. By contrast, the catabolic pathways are enhanced, and contribute to the supply of sufficient reducing power necessary to feed the detoxification processes. Reactive oxygen species delivered during ozone exposure serve as toxic compounds and messengers for the signaling system. In this review, we show that the contribution of genomic tools (transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) for a better understanding of the mechanistic cellular responses to ozone largely relies on spectrometric measurements. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 28:495–516, 2009
Financial factors and company investment decisions in transitional China
Authors: Liu Jia , Pang Dong 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe investigate the propensity of Chinese publicly listed firms to invest in response to financial factors, according to the a priori degree of a firm's information problems: industry sector, ownership structure and firm size. The firms in primary and tertiary industries are found to be liquidity‐constrained in their investment decisions. The investment‐cash flow sensitivity of the firms in secondary industry indicates that they lost privileged access to credit in the course of China's market transition. However, we find no evidence that financial liberalization resulted in an easing of financing constraints for small‐ and medium‐sized firms. Our result indicates that agency problems, stemming from a state‐controlling pyramidal ownership structure, are responsible for the misallocation of internal funds. The importance of bankruptcy and agency costs in relation to debt finance for certain types of borrowers reflects the transitional nature of the financial environment facing Chinese firms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A “FOXO” in sight: Targeting Foxo proteins from conception to cancer
Authors: Maiese Kenneth , Chong Zhao Zhong , Shang Yan Chen , Hou Jinling 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe successful treatment for multiple disease entities can rest heavily upon the ability to elucidate the intricate relationships that govern cellular proliferation, metabolism, survival, and inflammation. Here we discuss the therapeutic potential of the mammalian forkhead transcription factors predominantly in the O class, FoxO1, FoxO3, FoxO4, and FoxO6, which play a significant role during normal cellular function as well as during progressive disease. These transcription factors are integrated with several signal transduction pathways, such as Wnt proteins, that can regulate a broad array of cellular process that include stem cell proliferation, aging, and malignancy. FoxO transcription factors are attractive considerations for strategies directed against human cancer in light of their pro‐apoptotic effects and ability to lead to cell cycle arrest. Yet, FoxO proteins can be associated with infertility, cellular degeneration, and unchecked cellular proliferation. As our knowledge continues to develop for this novel family of proteins, potential clinical applications for the FoxO family should heighten our ability to limit disease progression without clinical compromise. © 2008 Wiley periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 3, 395‐418, 2009
On compactness of the velocity field in the incompressible limit of the full Navier–Stokes–Fourier system on large domains
Authors: Feireisl Eduard , Poul Lukáš 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe incompressible limit for the full Navier–Stokes–Fourier system is studied on a family of domains containing balls of the radius growing with a speed that dominates the inverse of the Mach number. It is shown that the velocity field converges strongly to its limit locally in space, in particular, the effect of the sound waves is eliminated by means of the local decay estimates for the acoustic wave equation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of high molecular weight coffee fractions and their fermentation by human intestinal microbiota
Authors: Reichardt Nicole , Gniechwitz Diana , Steinhart Hans , Bunzel Mirko , Blaut Michael 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTo investigate the structure and fermentability of high Mr components of coffee brews by human gut bacteria Arabica coffee samples of three different degrees of roast (light, medium, and dark) were used for drip brew preparations and fractionation by ultrafiltration with different Mr cut‐offs. Total carbohydrates of the fractions ranged from 28.6 g/100 g to 56.7 g/100 g. Galactomannans and arabinogalactans were the main polysaccharides and made up between one‐fourth and one‐half of the respective coffee fraction. After 24 h of incubation with a human fecal suspension the polysaccharides of all fractions were extensively degraded. A decrease in the absorbance values at 405 and 280 nm, respectively, indicated that also chemically noncharacterized UV‐active components such as Maillard reaction products, had been partially degraded or modified by the human gut bacteria. The remainder after 24 h of fermentation still showed antioxidant activity. Bacterial cells belonging to the Bacteroides–Prevotella group increased 2‐ to 40‐fold during fermentation depending on the Mr range of the fraction and the degree of roast. The production of high amounts of acetate and propionate is in accordance with a role of these bacteria in the degradation of high Mr components from coffee.
1H and 13C spectral assignment of substituted 5H‐[1,3]thiazolo[2,3‐b]quinazolin‐5‐one and 12H‐[1,3]benzothiazolo[2,3‐b] quinazolin‐12‐one
Authors: Docampo Palacios Maite L. , Fascio Mirta L. , Villalobo Anais Fernández , Pellón Rolando F. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract1H and 13C spectroscopic data for 5H‐[1,3]thiazolo[2,3‐b]quinazolin‐5‐one and 12H‐[1,3]benzothiazolo[2,3‐b]quinazolin‐12‐one derivatives were fully assigned by combination of one‐ and two‐dimensional experiments (DEPT, HMBC and HMQC). Both heterocyclic systems show similar spectroscopic properties with some remarkable differences. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening of Different Titanium (IV) Catalysts in the Synthesis of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Ahmadnian Fatemeh , Velasquez Fernanda , Reichert Karl‐Heinz 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe polycondensation of bis(hydroxyethylene) terephthalate and its oligomers to PET catalyzed by different chelated and non‐chelated titanium catalysts in a lab‐scale stirred‐tank reactor and differential scanning calorimeter were investigated. Different titanium compounds showed different activity and selectivity. The nature of catalyst ligands plays an important role in catalyst efficiency. Non‐chelated titanium derivatives were more active and less selective. Reaction progress is characterized by an initial inhibition period depending on the type of catalyst. The original titanium compounds used are precursors and are probably activated by a ligand exchange reaction.magnified image
Transport and Reaction Characteristics of Reconstructed Polyolefin Particles
Authors: Seda Libor , Zubov Alexandr , Bobak Marek , Kosek Juraj , Kantzas Apostolos 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe 3D spatial structure of porous polyethylene particles was reconstructed from their X‐ray micro‐tomography images. Several polyolefin particles with an artificial granular structure were generated. Transport in reconstructed particles was calculated for the case of a monomer diffusing through both the pores and the polymer. The calculated degassing characteristics of reconstructed polyolefin particles can be compared to experiments. Monomer mass transport limitations are important not only in the early stage of particle growth, but also in fully‐developed polyolefin particles. The problems and limitations of the developed method are discussed. The method developed allows prediction of the effect of particle structure on mass transport limitations for real particle structures.magnified image
Effect of Reaction Temperature on the Gel Content of Acrylic Latexes
Authors: Kohut‐Svelko Nicolas , Pirri Rosangela , Asua José M. , Leiza Jose R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe effect of reaction temperature on the kinetics and the microstructure properties of polyacrylates produced by seeded semicontinuous emulsion homopolymerization of two acrylate monomers (butyl acrylate and 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate) initiated by a thermal initiator was investigated. Contrary to what has been reported at higher temperatures (75–95 °C), increasing reaction temperature (from 60 to 80 °C) led to a decrease of the amount of gel content produced in the semicontinuous polymerizations. These results were analyzed by means of a Monte‐Carlo model of the process.magnified image
The lattice Boltzmann method and the finite volume method applied to conduction–radiation problems with heat flux boundary conditions
Authors: Mondal Bittagopal , Mishra Subhash C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis article deals with the implementation of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) in conjunction with the finite volume method (FVM) for the solution of conduction–radiation problems with heat flux and temperature boundary conditions. Problems in 1‐D planar and 2‐D rectangular geometries have been considered. The radiating–conducting participating medium is absorbing, emitting and scattering. In the 1‐D planar geometry, the south boundary is subjected to constant heat flux, while in the 2‐D geometry the south and/or the north boundary is at constant heat flux condition. The remaining boundaries are at prescribed temperatures. The energy equation is solved using the LBM and the radiative information for the same is computed using the FVM. In the direct method, by prescribing temperatures at the boundaries, the temperature profile and heat flux are calculated. The computed heat flux values are imposed at the boundaries to establish the correctness of the numerical code in the inverse method. Effects of various parameters such as the extinction coefficient, the scattering albedo, the conduction–radiation parameter, the boundary emissivity and the total heat flux and boundary temperatures are studied on the distributions of temperature, radiative and conductive heat fluxes. The results of the LBM in conjunction with the FVM have been found to compare very well with those available in the literature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.