bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Octacosanol Administration to Humans Decreases Neutral Sterol and Bile Acid Concentration in Feces
Authors: Keller Sylvia , Gimmler Franziska , Jahreis Gerhard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTo investigate octacosanol (OC) metabolism in humans and its influence on cholesterol metabolism, two studies were conducted. In the first study ten healthy women received daily 30 mg OC for a period of 4 weeks. Blood and feces samples were collected at baseline and after the intervention. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol were not altered following OC administration. Concentrations of excreted cholesterol end products decreased with the intervention (neutral sterols: 24.6 ± 9.7 mg/g vs. 20.3 ± 7.5 mg/g dry matter, P < 0.05; bile acids: 6.47 ± 3.89 mg/g vs. 4.03 ± 2.26 mg/g dry matter, P < 0.05). OC was not detected in serum samples, but the fecal OC concentration increased after the intervention period (11 ± 7 μg/g vs. 817 ± 179 μg/g dry matter, P < 0.05). In the second kinetic study on three participants, OC was identified in serums after oral application of 50 mg OC within 8 h. The decrease in the concentration of fecal cholesterol end products may underline a systemic effect of OC on cholesterol metabolism, even though the serum cholesterol levels were not influenced.
Two-year study of relapse prevention by a new education program in schizophrenic patients treated with the same antipsychotic drug
Authors: Chabannes Jean-Paul , Bazin Nadine , Leguay Denis , Nuss Philippe , Peretti Charles-Siegfried , Tatu Patrick , Hameg Ahcene , Garay Ricardo P. , Ferreri Maurice 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIt is not clear whether patient's psycho-education enhances compliance to antipsychotic treatments and reduces the number of relapses. Here we investigated the impact of a new psycho-educational program (SOLEDUC®) on the one- and two-years rate of relapse (primary outcome measure) and a number of clinical assessments (secondary outcome measures). This was a multicentric French clinical trial (51 centers) of Phase IV, open, controlled, randomized, consisting in two parallel groups: the Soleduc group (N = 111) and the control group (N = 109). All subjects received a variable dose over the 2-year period of the same antipsychotic drug (amisulpride). Soleduc consisted of a 7-session program (1 h per session), presented three times (at baseline, 6-months and 12-months). Patients in the control group received a non-specific psychosocial training for an equivalent period of time. The models of Andersen-Gill (AG) and Prentice, Williams and Peterson (PWP) were used to analyze relapses. Patients in the Soleduc group attended 14.8 ± 6.1 sessions (mean ± SD), including 17 patients who never attended a session. Intent to treat analysis showed less patients relapsing in the Soleduc group as compared to the control group (21.6% versus 28.4% after 1 year and 84.4% versus 90.8% after 2 years), but the differences were not statistically significant. Relapse risk was significantly reduced for patients who followed at least 7 modules (p = 0.015 AG-test; p < 0.001 PWP-test). In conclusion, no significant differences in relapse rates were found between patients attending the Soleduc program and the control group. Attendance of at least 7 out of 21 program sessions was required to see a modest, but significant two-year relapse prevention in schizophrenia. Other well designed studies are required to evaluate the medical impact of patient's education programs.
Misoprostol: Pharmacokinetic profiles, effects on the uterus and side‐effects
Authors: Tang O.S. , Gemzell‐Danielsson K. , Ho P.C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMisoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, is commonly used for medical abortion, cervical priming, the management of miscarriage, induction of labor and the management of postpartum hemorrhage. It can be given orally, vaginally, sublingually, buccally or rectally. Studies of misoprostol's pharmacokinetics and effects on uterine activity have demonstrated the properties of the drug after various routes of administration. These studies can help to discover the optimal dose and route of administration of misoprostol for individual clinical applications. Misoprostol is a safe drug but serious complications and teratogenicity can occur with unsupervised use.
Impact of mandibular condyle preservation on patterns of failure in head and neck cancer
Authors: Petruzzelli Guy J. , Cunningham Kelly , Vandevender Darl 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveTo determine the role of native condyle preservation in local recurrence after segmental mandibulectomy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsRetrospective chart review with main outcome measuring local control of cancer.ResultsBetween 1994 and 2003, 72 patients (48 men, 24 women) with an average age of 73.5 years without previous treatment underwent segmental mandibulectomy. Fifty‐four cases (n = 54) involved the mandible posterior to the mental foramen and are the subject of this review. In 36 patients, the condyle was preserved and mandibular continuity was restored. In 18 patients, condyle and ramus were resected without mandibular reconstruction. Reconstructive modalities included primary closure (3), split‐thickness skin graft (3), pedicle flap (19), and free tissue reconstructions (29). Overall local‐regional recurrence rate was 22 percent (12 of 54); no recurrences were identified in patients who underwent condylar resection. Recurrences were observed in patients with mandibular reconstruction by both plate and pedicle flap (5 of 9) or (osteo) myocutaneous free flap (7 of 27).ConclusionCondylar preservation may predispose patients to local recurrence after segmental mandibulectomy. This does not translate into overall reduction in survival.
Extended follow‐up of palatal implants for OSA treatment
Authors: Walker Regina P. , Levine Howard L. , Hopp Martin L. , Greene David 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveEvaluate long‐term safety and outcomes of palatal implants for patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Study Design and SettingContinuation of a prospective case series of patients with palatal implants. Polysomnography, daytime sleepiness, and snoring intensity were measured at baseline, 90 days, and extended follow‐up.ResultsTwenty‐two (42%) patients from the previous study were followed for a median of 435.5 days. Thirteen were classified as responders, based on their 90‐day evaluation. 76.9% of initial responders maintained improvements in apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), daytime sleepiness, and snoring at extended follow‐up. Nine patients were initial nonresponders for AHI and daytime sleepiness and remained unchanged at extended follow‐up. However, snoring for these nine patients initially improved, and the improvement continued through extended follow‐up.ConclusionInitial response or nonresponse to palatal implants remains stable over an extended period. The generalizability of these results is unknown because of significant loss to follow‐up.SignificanceStudy results report safety and beneficial long‐term outcomes of palatal implants for mild to moderate OSA treatment in selected patients.
Macrophage inflammatory proteins in cytomegalovirus‐related inner ear injury
Authors: Schraff Scott A. , Schleiss Mark R. , Brown David K. , Meinzen‐Derr Jareen , Choi K. Yeon , Greinwald John H. , Choo Daniel I. 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveInner ear inflammation triggered by CMV infection may play a role in CMV‐related auditory pathogenesis. The purpose of the study was to determine if a virally encoded macrophage inflammatory protein played a role in CMV‐related hearing loss.DesignMutagenesis was performed with deletion of a guinea pig CMV macrophage inflammatory protein. Intracochlear inoculations were performed on three groups of animals (n = 18). Group 1 received sterile viral media, Group 2 received wild‐type CMV virus, and Group 3 received “knockout” (KO) virus with a deleted immunomodulation gene. Baseline and postinoculation ABRs were obtained. ELISA and PCR were performed and temporal bones examined.SubjectsEighteen guinea pigs.ResultsThe KO group had significantly better hearing than the WT group. There were no significant differences between the KO and sham groups. The WT group had significant hearing loss at all frequencies. Inflammation and fibrosis were noted in the WT temporal bones only.ConclusionsVirally encoded macrophage inflammatory proteins appear to play a significant role in CMV‐related hearing loss.
Effectiveness of hypopharyngeal packing during nasal and sinus surgery in the prevention of PONV
Authors: Piltcher Otávio , Lavinsky Michelle , Lavinsky Joel , de Oliveira Basso Paulo Roberto 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveEvaluate the hypopharyngeal packing effectiveness on prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in nasal surgery.Study Design and SettingA randomized clinical trial was conducted from July 2004 to October 2005. The intervention group was submitted to hypopharyngeal packing after orotracheal tube placement. The control group had no hypopharyngeal packing. Occurrence of nausea, vomiting, use of antiemetic drugs, and throat pain were checked blindly on recovery period.ResultsOne hundred forty‐four patients were included in the study. There was no difference related to postoperative nausea (RR 1.34; CI 0.72–2.48), vomiting (RR 0.52; CI 0.19–1.47), use of anti‐emetic drugs (RR 1.54; CI 0.80–2.95), and throat pain (RR 0.91; 0.62–1.34) between both groups. A beta error could not be excluded. CONCLUSION: Results suggest there is no benefit in hypopharyngeal packing on PONV prevention in nasal surgery. New studies with a greater number of patients should be carried out in order to confirm these results.
Hyperlipidemia in noise‐induced hearing loss
Authors: Chang Ning‐Chia , Yu Ming‐Lung , Ho Kuen‐Yao , Ho Chi‐Kung 
Published: November 2007

ObjectivesTo assess the influence of hyperlipidemia on the development of noise‐induced hearing loss (NIHL).Study DesignThis case‐control study analyzed data from the Department of Preventive Medicine at one academic medical center in southern Taiwan.Subjects and MethodsWe collected the laboratory data from routine health examinations administered to workers who were exposed to noise greater than 85 dBA over a one‐year period. We analyzed the relationships of cholesterol and triglyceride levels with NIHL.ResultsA total of 4071 cases were analyzed. After adjusting for age and gender, hypertriglyceridemia was found to be related to NIHL (aOR = 1.281; 95% CI, 1.088–1.507), but hypercholesterolemia was not (aOR = 0.951; 95% CI, 0.795–1.138).ConclusionsThis study, one of the largest to date to study the relationship between hyperlipidemia and NIHL, found that individuals with hypertriglyceridemia are at greater risk of NIHL. On the basis of this finding, workers exposed to high noise levels should be educated on control of triglyceride levels to help reduce their risk of NIHL.
Vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials in chronic noise‐induced hearing loss
Authors: Wang Yen‐Pin , Young Yi‐Ho 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of chronic noise exposure on vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials.Study DesignProspective study.Subjects and MethodsTwenty patients with chronic noise‐induced hearing loss, presenting as bilateral notched audiogram at 4 kHz, underwent audiometry, caloric, and vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential tests.ResultsCaloric and vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential tests revealed abnormal responses in nine (45%) and 10 (50%) patients, respectively. However, when both results were considered together, the abnormal rate reached 70% (14 of 20). The hearing threshold of 4 kHz significantly associated with vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential results (ie, vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential was abnormal in patients with greater degrees of hearing loss), but not with caloric responses.ConclusionPatients with bilateral 4‐kHz notched audiogram and hearing threshold of 4 kHz >40 dB may show abnormal (absent or delayed) vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials, indicating that the vestibular part, especially the sacculocollic reflex pathway, has also been damaged.
The protective effect of intratympanic dexamethasone on cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs
Authors: Daldal Alper , Odabasi Onur , Serbetcioglu Bulent 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of intratympanic dexamethasone injection as a protection agent against cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity.Study Design and SettingThe four groups of guinea pigs were injected as follows: 1) cisplatin, 2) intratympanic dexamethasone, 3) cisplatin following intratympanic dexamethasone, and 4) cisplatin after intratympanic saline. Before and 3 days following injections, the ototoxic effect was measured with distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs).ResultsThe DPOAEs amplitudes and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) values at 1 to 6 kHz frequencies for group 1 animals after injections significantly decreased over those before injections (P < 0.05). In group 2, there were no significant differences in DPOAE amplitude and SNR values between before and after intratympanic dexamethasone injections (P > 0.05). Considering group 3, there were also no significant differences in DPOAEs amplitudes and SNR values before and after of dexamethasone and cisplatin injections (P > 0.05).ConclusionsIntratympanic dexamethasone injection did not cause any ototoxic effect; in contrast, it might have a significant protective effect after cisplatin injection.
Assessment of indocyanine green–labeled cetuximab to detect xenografted head and neck cancer cell lines
Authors: Withrow Kirk P. , Gleysteen John P. , Safavy Ahmad , Skipper Joni , Desmond Renee A. , Zinn Kurt , Rosenthal Eben L. 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG) conjugated to antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody (cetuximab) to image head and neck cancer.Study DesignMice (n = 3) were injected with unconjugated ICG and imaged at 100‐second intervals for a total of 1000 seconds to assess imaging characteristics. Mice (n = 10) xenografted with SCC‐1 cells were then systemically injected with cetuximab conjugated to indocyanine green and imaged over a 72‐hour period. To assess the sensitivity and specificity, xenografted tumors underwent subtotal resections and then were assessed for residual disease by fluorescence stereomicroscopy and confirmed by histology.ResultsTumors demonstrated excellent fluorescence 24 hours after injection of cetuximab‐ICG. There was a direct relationship between fluorescence and the given dose of cetuximab‐ICG. Following subtotal resection, we found fluorescence correlated with a sensitivity of 78.4% and specificity of 96%.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that supports further preclinical investigation of cetuximab in the evaluation of surgical margins, but linkage to ICG lacks the sensitivity for use in a clinical setting.
Computed tomographic and endoscopic analysis of supraorbital ethmoid cells
Authors: Zhang Luo , Han Demin , Ge Wentong , Tao Jianhua , Wang Xianzhong , Li Yunchuan , Zhou Bing 
Published: November 2007

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to look at the incidence of supraorbital ethmoid cells (SOEC) in normal Chinese subjects by using spiral computed tomography (CT) scanning. In addition, subjects with chronic rhinosinusitis with SOEC were reviewed for endoscopic analysis.MethodsA total of 202 normal Chinese subjects underwent spiral CT. Meanwhile, a retrospective review of patients who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery over a 1‐year period was conducted.ResultsSOEC showed an incidence of 5.4% (22 sides), and all of them arose from the anterior ethmoid cells. On coronal CT, an SOEC might give the appearance of multiple frontal sinuses, type III frontal cells, suprabullar cells, frontal bullar cells, inter‐frontal septal cells, or that there was a septation present within the frontal sinus. Meanwhile, 11 chronic rhinosinusitis patients with 12 SOEC were identified.ConclusionA thorough knowledge of endoscopic anatomy and CT of the frontal recess and various fronto‐ethmoid cells were required for safe dissection of the SOEC and frontal ostium.
Pharyngeal pH monitoring in infants with laryngitis
Authors: Ulualp Seckin O. , Rodriguez Sarah , Cunningham Samuel , Shen Jing 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveTo assess pharyngeal acid reflux (PAR) exposure with flexible laryngoscopy‐guided pharyngeal pH monitoring in infants with laryngitis.Study DesignTertiary care children's hospital.Subjects and MethodsCharts of 10 infants with laryngitis who underwent pharyngoesophageal pH monitoring were reviewed. Data included history, physical examination, and pharyngoesophageal pH monitoring findings.ResultsSix infants had PAR. Two patients were on acid suppressive therapy and exhibited PAR. The number of PAR observed in six infants ranged between 1 and 81. The percent acid exposure time (AET) in the pharynx was between 0.1% and 1.2%. Esophageal acid reflux documented in nine infants ranged between 5 and 173. The percent AET in the esophagus was between 0.1% and 4.8%.ConclusionsThe majority of the studied infants with laryngitis had PAR. Not all esophageal acid reflux reached the pharynx. Pharyngeal pH monitoring provides additional information that cannot be obtained with esophageal pH monitoring in infants with laryngitis.
Ultrasound‐guided contrast‐enhanced sentinel node biopsy of the head and neck in a porcine model
Authors: Curry Joseph M. , Bloedon Esa , Malloy Kelly M. , Cognetti David M. , Merton Daniel A. , Goldberg Barry B. , Keane William M. , Rosen David , Pribitkin Edmund A. 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveTo test the feasibility of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)–guided sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) of the head and neck in a porcine model.Study Design and SettingIn this prospective, non‐randomized study, methylene blue and Sonazoid were injected into the lateral tongue or floor of mouth (FOM) of four swine. Real‐time CEUS was used to identify contrast in the lymphatic channels flowing to the sentinel lymph node (SLN). Endoscopic or open SNB was performed. Neck dissection was then performed, and the residual nodal packet was examined for remaining contrast‐enhancing or blue dye–stained nodes.ResultsIn all eight procedures, the SLN was visualized with ultrasound and blue dye. Seven procedures identified a single SLN, and one identified two SLNs. Subsequent neck dissections revealed no other nodes containing methylene blue or contrast in the nodal specimen or operative bed.Conclusion/SignificanceCEUS‐guided SNB of the head and neck in swine is feasible, with success comparable to blue dye–guided SNB. This technique may offer several advantages over traditional techniques, and warrants further study.
Perineural extension to the skull base from early cutaneous malignancies of the midface
Authors: Padhya Tapan A. , Cornelius Rebecca S. , Athavale Sanjay M. , Gluckman Jack L. 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveTo document the clinical progression of four patients with a past history of complete removal of early midface cutaneous malignancies that presented years later with isolated recurrence along the distribution of the infraorbital nerve, and to discuss the diagnostic role of early imaging to identify perineural invasion.Study DesignThe study is a retrospective chart review, review of radiographic findings, and review of the literature.ResultsThe authors report four cases of isolated perineural invasion along the infraorbital nerve resulting from previously excised cutaneous malignancies.ConclusionsPain followed by anesthesia in the distribution of second division of the trigeminal nerve should alert the practitioner about possible perineural recurrence that may require imaging and open exploration to establish the diagnosis.
Survival outcome by early chemoradiation therapy salvage or early surgical salvage for the treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Tsou Yung‐An , Lin Meng‐Hung , Hua Chun‐Hung , Tseng Hsien‐Chang , Chen Shang‐Wen , Yang Shih‐Neng , Liang Ji‐An , Tsai Ming‐Hsui 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveTo compare survival data between patients who had surgery followed by concomitant chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) versus CCRT followed by early surgical salvage.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 202 patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC) who were treated with different treatment strategy according to the choice of the patients by surgery first or CCRT first. In 72 (35.6%) cases, the primary treatment was surgery. Postoperative radiation therapy was given to 47 patients. Radiation therapy was the primary treatment in 130 (64.4%) patients; among them, 69 (34.2%) patients received salvage surgery within 2 months after CCRT course if there was a residual tumor visible on post‐CCRT CT image or clinically residual tumor.Results and ConclusionThe 5‐year disease‐specific survival rate was 80% for stage I‐II, 44.8% for stage III, and 14.3% for stage IV disease. Surgery plus concomitant chemoradiotherapy led to a better survival rate than CCRT plus salvage surgery in patients with stage III‐IV HPC.
Pediatric vocal fold paralysis after cardiac surgery: Rate of recovery and sequelae
Authors: Truong Mai Thy , Messner Anna H. , Kerschner Joseph E. , Scholes Melissa , Wong‐Dominguez Jaime , Milczuk Henry A. , Yoon Patricia J. 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveTo determine the rate of recovery of pediatric vocal fold paralysis (VFP) after cardiac surgery.Study Design and SettingRetrospective case series from January 2000 to 2005 at 4 tertiary care pediatric hospitals.ResultsA total of 109 children with VFP were identified. Of 80 patients with follow‐up >3 months, 28 (35%) recovered vocal fold function with a median time to diagnosis of recovery of 6.6 months. Fifty‐two (65%) patients had persistent vocal fold paralysis with a median follow‐up time of 16.4 months. Twenty‐five (45%) of 55 patients demonstrated aspiration or laryngeal penetration with modified barium swallow. Twenty‐nine (27%) of the 109 patients underwent surgical intervention for their airway, feeding, or voice.ConclusionsPediatric VFP is not an uncommon complication after cardiac surgery and can result in serious sequelae. This study demonstrates a 35% rate of recovery, 45% rate of aspiration, and 27% rate of complications that require surgical intervention. © 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Increased iodine uptake in thyroid carcinoma after treatment with sodium butyrate and decitabine (5‐Aza‐dC)
Authors: Provenzano Matthew J. , Fitzgerald Matthew P. , Krager Kimberly , Domann Frederick E. 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveTo determine if epigenetic‐modifying drugs can increase iodine uptake in thyroid carcinoma cell lines.Study DesignHuman thyroid carcinoma cell lines were tested for iodine uptake before and after treatment with epigenetic‐modifying agents.ResultsThyroid carcinoma cell lines DRO and 2–7 had high levels of DNA methylation (74% and 80%) compared with normal thyroid tissue (6%) (P < 0.05). This finding correlated with low levels of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression in the untreated thyroid carcinoma cell line. Combination treatment with the epigenetic‐modifying agents 5‐aza‐2'‐deoxycytidine and sodium butyrate resulted in increases in NIS messenger RNA levels, global histone acetylation, and 9‐ and 8‐fold increases in I125 uptake for the DRO and 2–7 cells, respectively.ConclusionsEpigenetic‐modifier drugs represent a novel adjuvant treatment for those patients with radioablation‐resistant thyroid cancer.SignificanceEpigenetic‐modifying agents show potential for treatment of radioablation‐resistant thyroid cancer.