bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Families, food, and pester power: beyond the blame game?
Authors: Marshall David , O'Donohoe Stephanie , Kline Stephen 
Published: September 2007

AbstractGiven the moral and medical panic surrounding rising rates of childhood obesity, there has been much debate about who on what is to be blamed, with parents and HFSS (high fat, salt, and sugar) food advertising often censured for their role. In this paper, we review the literature on childhood obesity and pester power, and the broader context of consumer socialization within the family. We then discuss findings from a questionnaire and focus group study of 8–11 year old children in New Zealand exploring aspects of their advertising experiences and everyday snack food consumption. HFSS food ads were well‐represented in their repertoire of favorite ads, and they reported being influenced by these. However, their accounts of snacking highlighted the extent to which their actual consumption was shaped by parental agendas and concerns. Although they gravitated towards less healthy snack foods, fruit, and vegetables were included in their categorization and repertoire of snacks, perhaps reflecting the level of monitoring and gatekeeping exerted by their parents, who established ground rules for snacking and in many cases directly controlled their access to snack foods, although the limits imposed varied according to context. The children were generally accepting of this, although they drew on a range of strategies and tactics to access their preferred snacks. We conclude by considering the implications of this study for parents who seek to provide their children with a healthy diet and others concerned about health and public policy, and we suggest some avenues for developing knowledge in this area.Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family purchase decision making: exploring child influence behaviour
Authors: Thomson Elizabeth S. , Laing Angus W. , McKee Lorna 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Children have long been acknowledged as playing an important role within family purchase decisions, with their ability to directly and indirectly influence decisions. The research discussed in this paper arose from an identified opportunity to develop knowledge surrounding the important role that children play within family purchasing by including them as direct research respondents. The methods adopted included an in‐depth interview with parents and children separately, and the completion of a decision mapping tool followed by a family interview. The findings address a specific and important aspect of the data, namely the influence behaviour adopted by children during high‐involvement family purchase decisions. The children in all of the respondent families were found to have direct influence over the purchases discussed. They demonstrated a range of sophisticated influence behaviours that included justifying and highlighting the benefits of purchases, forming coalitions, compromising and remaining persistent. These behaviours were underpinned and enhanced by the use of product‐related knowledge and information, which was viewed positively and encouraged by parents.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lecithin‐Based Water‐In‐Oil Compartments as Dividing Bioreactors
Authors: Fiordemondo Deborah , Stano Pasquale 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLike liposomes, water‐in‐oil (w/o) emulsions have recently been used as bioreactors, since they permit facile compartmentation, and therefore the creation of a synthetic cell‐like structure. We show here for the first time that lecithin‐based w/o compartments can also be used for these purposes and in particular as compartments for hosting complex biochemical reactions that lead to protein synthesis. The expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), used as a model reaction, was followed by fluorescence microscopy. EGFP was synthesised inside the bioreactors either through simultaneous incorporation of all components for transcription and translation reactions in a single emulsion, or through the mixing of four different emulsions, each containing only part of the molecular machinery. Mechanical energy (i.e., stirring) must be provided to the system in order to force solute exchange and/or fusion processes between droplets. Finally, we demonstrate that, in the presence of excess lecithin, preformed w/o compartments can undergo spontaneous division, reducing the average droplet size, increasing the number of droplets, and continuing the protein expression after the division. We briefly comment on how this type of work extends and links the previously reported work on self‐reproduction in vesicles, micelles and reverse‐micelles.
Transfer Printing of DNA by “Click” Chemistry
Authors: Rozkiewicz Dorota I. , Gierlich Johannes , Burley Glenn A. , Gutsmiedl Katrin , Carell Thomas , Ravoo Bart Jan , Reinhoudt David N. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a straightforward procedure to immobilize oligonucleotides on glass substrates in well‐defined micropatterns by microcontact printing with a dendrimer‐modified stamp. The oligonucleotides are efficiently immobilized by “click” chemistry induced by microcontact printing. Acetylene‐modified oligonucleotides were treated with an azide‐terminated glass slide under the confinement of the dendrimer‐modified stamp, without the use of a CuI catalyst. The immobilization is an irreversible, covalent, and one‐step reaction that results in stable attachment of the oligonucleotides. Oligonucleotides with the acetylene‐modification at the 5′ terminus hybridize selectively with full‐length, complementary targets. Strands with more than one acetylene linker do not hybridize with complementary strands.
Structures with Tunable Strong Ferromagnetic Coupling: from Unordered (1D) to Ordered (Discrete)
Authors: Zeng Yong‐Fei , Zhao Jiong‐Peng , Hu Bo‐Wen , Hu Xin , Liu Fu‐Chen , Ribas Joan , Ribas‐Ariño Jordi , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe X‐ray crystal structures, magnetic susceptibilities from 2 to 300 K, and theoretical analyses of the magnetism for 1D and trinuclear azido CuII carboxylate complexes [Cu1.5(hnta)(N3)2(H2O)]n (1) and [Cu3(hnta)4(N3)2(H2O)3] (2), respectively, where hnta is 6‐hydroxynicotinate, are described. Although both exhibit strong ferromagnetic coupling, discrete complex 2 exhibits long‐range ferromagnetic ordering, while the very similar 1D system 1 does not. Density functional calculations provided accurate J values and allowed rationalization of the ferromagnetic coupling in terms of the magnetic orbitals and spin densities.
One‐Pot Three‐Component Catalytic Synthesis of Fully Substituted Pyrroles from Readily Available Propargylic Alcohols, 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and Primary Amines
Authors: Cadierno Victorio , Gimeno José , Nebra Noel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA simple and highly efficient method for the preparation of fully substituted pyrroles, from readily accessible secondary propargylic alcohols, 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and primary amines, has been developed. The one‐pot multicomponent reaction, which is catalysed by the system [Ru(η3‐2‐C3H4Me)(CO)(dppf)][SbF6]/CF3CO2H (dppf: 1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene), involves initial propargylation of the 1,3‐dicarbonyl compound promoted by CF3CO2H and subsequent condensation between the resulting γ‐keto alkyne and the primary amine to afford a propargylated β‐enamino ester or ketone, which undergoes a ruthenium‐catalysed 5‐exo‐dig annulation to form the final pyrrole.
Ownership concentration and corporate governance practices: substitution or expropriation effects?
Authors: Bozec Yves , Bozec Richard 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study is to analyze the relation between ownership concentration and corporate governance practices of a group of Canadian companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. We rely on the corporate governance index developed by the Report on Business (ROB) in 2002. Our empirical results are consistent with the expropriation effect argument that predicts a negative relation between deviation from the one share‐one vote rule and corporate governance best practices. In this context, the dominant shareholder has incentives to maintain weak internal controls in order to facilitate expropriation. In addition, consistent with prior research, our results give partial support to the substitution effect argument by showing a negative impact of ownership concentration on the board composition subindex. Copyright © 2007 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knowledge engineering for modelling reasoning in a diagnosis task: application to search and rescue
Authors: Schvartz Stéphane , Abi‐Zeid Irène , Tourigny Nicole 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper pertains to the application of knowledge engineering methods to aeronautical search and rescue in Canada. We modelled at the knowledge level the reasoning process of a search mission coordinator when conducting a diagnosis task to determine the routes likely followed by an aircraft missing overland. Knowledge engineering allowed us to develop a reasoning model based on documents and on interviews with domain experts. Our study was conducted in the CommonKADS knowledge modelling framework. The proposed model was validated by domain experts and implemented in a rule‐based prototype. Copyright © 2007 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of vascular–extravascular exchanges during liver carcinogenesis: application to MRI contrast agents
Authors: Mescam Muriel , Eliat Pierre‐Antoine , Fauvel Claire , Certaines Jacques D. de , Bézy‐Wendling Johanne 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe extraction of physiological parameters by non‐invasive imaging techniques such as dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography requires a knowledge of molecular distribution and exchange between microvascularization and extravascular tissues. These phenomena not only depend on the physicochemical characteristics of the injected molecules but also the pathophysiological state of the targeted organ. We developed a five‐compartment physiologically based pharmacokinetic model focused on hepatic carcinogenesis and MRI contrast agents. This model includes physical characteristics of the contrast agent, dual specific liver supply, microvessel wall properties and transport parameters that are compatible with hepatocarcinoma development. The evolution of concentrations in the five compartments showed significant differences in the distribution of three molecules (differentiated by their diameters and diffusion coefficients ranging, respectively, from 0.9 to 62 nm and from 68.10−9to 47.10−7 cm2 s−1) in simulated regeneration nodules and dysplastic nodules, as well as in medium‐ and poorly differentiated hepatocarcinoma. These results are in agreement with known vascular modifications such as arterialization that occur during hepatocarcinogenesis. This model can be used to study the pharmacokinetics of contrast agents and consequently to extract parameters that are characteristic of the tumor development (like permeability), after fitting simulated toin vivodata. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Reaction Mechanism of p‐Toluenediamine Anodic Oxidation: An In Situ ESR‐UV/Vis/NIR Spectroelectrochemical Study
Authors: Goux Aurélie , Pratt Dominic , Dunsch Lothar 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn situ ESR‐UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry is applied to obtain new insights into the intermediates and reaction products of the anodic oxidation of p‐toluenediamine in aqueous solution at different pH values. A strong pH dependence of the stability of the cation radical is found. While the absence of a stable radical was proved by ESR spectroscopy at pH 2 and 10, this radical is detected at medium pH values and assigned to the semiquinonediimine structure. The UV/Vis absorption of the radical is observed at these pH values as well. The p‐toluenediimine intermediate and the trimeric reaction product were followed during the electrode reaction by UV/Vis spectroscopy at all pH values.
Synthesis and crystal structure determination of two dispiro compounds from laboratory x‐ray powder diffraction data
Authors: Moustafa A. M. , Dinnebier R. E. , Nasser S. T. , Jansen M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe crystal structures of the dispiro compounds 1,3,4,8,10,11‐Hexaphenyl‐13‐methyl‐1,2,8,9,13‐pentaazadispiro[4.1.4.3]tetradeca‐2,9‐dien‐6‐one (3a) and 4,11‐Bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐13‐methyl‐1,3,8,10‐tetraphenyl‐1,2,8,9,13‐pentaazadispiro‐[4.1.4.3]tetradeca‐2,9‐dien‐6‐one (3b) have been determined at room temperature from X‐ray powder diffraction data using the method of simulated annealing as implemented in the programs DASH and TOPAS. Subsequent Rietveld refinements using the data collected to 1.5 Å resolution yielded R‐Bragg values of 2.2% for (3a) and 3.7% for (3b). It was found, that both compounds crystallize in the monoclinc space group P 21/n with lattice parameters of a = 17.1656(5) Å, b =13.8128(3) Å, c = 16.1016(5) Å, and β = 103.7330(2)° for (3a) and a = 17.2529(8) Å, b = 13.8729(5) Å, c =16.1287(10) Å, and β = 103.6910(3)° for (3b). Both compounds exhibit a distorted hexagonal close type of packing (hcp) of the molecular centers of gravity. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anodic oxide films on silicon carbide
Authors: Lilov S. K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAnodic oxide films were grown on SiC using various electrolytes. The obtained oxide films were compared and some of their electrophysical properties were investigated. Anodic oxidation of SiC was shown to be useful for precise removal of layers as well as for identification of the polar faces of SiC crystals. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of lead(II)chloride single crystals grown in silica gel
Authors: Nisha Santha Kumari P. , Kalainathan S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAcousto‐optical materials play an important role in acousto‐optic devices as acousto‐optic modulators. Lead(II) chloride is an acousto‐optical material, having high figure of merit approximately ten times greater than that of lead molybdate, which is an efficient acousto‐optical material. It also possesses high birefringence, low attenuation coefficient, wide transparency range and good mechanical properties. This paper discusses in detail, the growth of single crystals of lead(II) chloride in silica gel by the process of diffusion in a highly acidic medium. Needle‐type lead(II) chloride crystals have been obtained. The crystal system is confirmed to be orthorhombic by powder X‐ray diffraction analysis. To study the optical transparency of the grown crystal, the transmission spectrum has been recorded in the range 190 – 1100 nm. Thermal stability of the crystal is also studied. Results are discussed in detail. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On global exponential stability of standard and full‐range CNNs
Authors: Di Marco Mauro , Forti Mauro , Grazzini Massimo , Pancioni Luca 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper compares the dynamical behaviour of the standard (S) cellular neural networks (CNNs) and the full‐range (FR) CNNs, when the two CNN models are characterized by the same set of parameters (interconnections and inputs). The FR‐CNNs are assumed to be characterized by ideal hard‐limiter nonlinearities with two vertical segments in the i–v characteristic. The main result is that some basic conditions ensuring global exponential stability (GES) of the unique equilibrium point of S‐CNNs, with or without delay, continue to ensure the same property for FR‐CNNs for the same set of parameters. The significance of this result is discussed with respect to the results in a paper by Corinto and Gilli addressing the similarity of the qualitative behaviour of S‐CNNs and FR‐CNNs. FR‐CNNs are analysed in this paper from a rigorous mathematical viewpoint by means of theoretical tools from set‐valued analysis and differential inclusions. In particular, GES is investigated via an extended Lyapunov approach that is applicable to the differential inclusion describing the dynamics of FR‐CNNs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical time‐gated luminescence flow cytometry. II: Experimental evaluation using UV LED excitation
Authors: Jin Dayong , Connally Russell , Piper James 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn the previous article [Part 1 (8)], we have modelled alternative approaches to design of practical time‐gated luminescence (TGL) flow cytometry and examined the feasibility of employing a UV LED as the excitation source for the gated detection of europium dye labelled target in rapid flow stream. The continuous flow‐section approach is well suited for rare‐event cell counting in applications with a large number of nontarget autofluorescent particles. This article presents details of construction, operation and evaluation of a TGL flow cytometer using a UV LED excitation and a gated high‐gain channel photomultiplier tube (CPMT) for detection. The compact prototype TGL flow cytometer was constructed and optimised to operate at a TGL cycle rate of 6 kHz, with each cycle consisting of 100 μs LED pulsed excitation and ∼60 μs delay‐gated detection. The performance of the TGL flow cytometer was evaluated by enumerating 5.7 μm Eu3+ luminescence beads (having comparable intensity to europium‐chelate‐labeled Giardia cysts) in both autofluorescence‐rich environmental water concentrates and Sulforhodamine 101 (S101) solutions (broadband red fluorescence covering the spectral band of target signals), respectively.The prototype TGL flow cytometer was able to distinguish the target beads, and a maximum signal to background ratio of 38:1 was observed. Neither the environmental water concentrates nor S101 solution contributed to the background in the TGL detection phase. The counting efficiency of the TGL flow cytometer was typically >93% of values determined using conventional counting methods. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Diagnostic value of telomerase expression in breast fine‐needle aspiration biopsies
Authors: Fischer Gabor , Tutuncuoglu Osman , Bakhshandeh Maryam , Masood Shahla 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of breast is a minimally invasive sampling procedure with a proven value in the initial evaluation of patients with palpable breast lesions. FNAB is a simple, cost‐effective, and relatively nontraumatic procedure that has replaced open surgical biopsy in majority of academic institutions across the world. There are, however, inherent limitations in the ability of FNAB to reliably diagnose small percentage of cases that are difficult to diagnose by cytomorphology alone and require excisional biopsy. This shortcoming may be minimized if the morphology can be complemented by a reliable diagnostic adjunct. This retrospective study was designed to assess the added value of telomerase immunostain in interpretation of breast FNABs. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that has been shown to be activated in different malignant tumors, including breast cancer. Immunocytochemical detection of this molecular marker on cytologic smears and cellblocks may be helpful for interpretation of FNAB specimens. In our retrospective study, we found that 56% of the malignant breast cases (28/50) showed positive telomerase immunostaining while only 4% of the negative cases (2/50) stained with telomerase (positive predictive value: 93%, negative predictive value: 69%). Expression of telomerase on highly suspicious breast fine‐needle aspirations may upgrade the diagnosis to malignancy. However, a negative telomerase cannot exclude the possibility of carcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:653‐655. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The utility of SMAD4 as a diagnostic immunohistochemical marker for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and its expression in other solid tumors
Authors: Ali Sarfraz , Cohen Cynthia , Little James V. , Sequeira Judy H. , Mosunjac Marina B. , Siddiqui Momin T. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPancreatic adenocarcinoma is a genetic disease showing somatic mutations of multiple genes, including SMAD4. SMAD4 is a tumor suppressor gene that is inactivated in a sub‐set of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, either by the intragenic mutation of one allele in combination with the loss of the other allele or by homozygous deletion of both alleles. This study examines SMAD4 expression in fine‐needle aspiration cell blocks from patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, as well as a variety of human cancers, in order to assess its viability as a tumor marker. A total of 100 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, with diagnostic material from fine‐needle aspiration cell blocks were selected for this study. In addition cancers from different sites were examined in multitumor tissue microarrays, which included two tissue cores from neoplastic surgical resection specimens. Cancers studied included endometrium (n = 100), colon (n = 100), ovary (n = 100), lung (n = 100), breast (n = 100), and malignant melanoma (n = 100). The sections were immunostained with SMAD4 using pressure cooker antigen retrieval labeled polymer horseradish peroxidase (DAKO), and the DAKO autostainer. Immunohistochemical expression was scored as negative, 1+, 2+, 3+. Only 2+ and 3+ staining was considered as positive staining. SMAD4 staining was nuclear and the results for tumor cell positivity for primary sites studied are as follows: Pancreas (80/100; 80%), endometrium (0/100; 0%), colon (0/100; 0%), ovary (3/100; 3%), lung (0/100; 0%), breast (2/100; 2%), and malignant melanoma (4/100; 4%). This study suggests that SMAD4 is an important marker for confirming a diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma as a primary tumor, as well as when it presents as a metastatic tumor on small fine‐needle aspirate samples. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:644–648. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, analgesic, anti‐inflammatory and ulcerogenic index activities of novel 2‐methylthio‐3‐substituted‐5,6‐dimethyl thieno [2,3‐d] pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐ones
Authors: Alagarsamy V. , Shankar D. , Meena S. , Thirumurugan K. , Ananda Kumar T. Durai 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA variety of novel 2‐methylthio‐3‐substituted amino‐5,6‐dimethyl thieno [2,3‐d] pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐ones were synthesized by reacting 3‐amino‐2‐methylthio‐5,6‐dimethyl thieno [2,3‐d] pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one with different aldehydes and ketones. The starting material 3‐amino‐2‐methylthio‐5,6‐dimethyl thieno [2,3‐d] pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one was synthesized from 2‐amino‐3‐carbethoxy‐4,5‐dimethyl thiophene. The compounds were investigated for their analgesic activity in albino mice, and for their anti‐inflammatory and ulcerogenic index activities in Wistar rats. The compound 2‐(1‐ethylpropylideneamino)‐2‐methylthio‐5,6‐dimethyl thieno [2,3‐d] pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one (AS2) showed the most potent analgesic activity of the series. It also showed more potent anti‐inflammatory activity when compared to the reference standard, diclofenac sodium. The test compounds showed only mild ulcerogenic potential when compared to aspirin. Drug Dev Res 68:134–142, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.