bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Effects of Glucocorticoids on Serum Iron Concentration in Dogs
Authors: Harvey John W. , Levin Daniel E. , Chen C.L 
Published: February 2009

SummaryPrednisone was given orally (2 mg/kg b.i.d.) to seven healthy mixed breed dogs for 3 consecutive days. Serum iron concentration increased significantly (p>0.05) from 142 ± 26 μg/dl (mean ± SE) before a drug administration on Day 0 to a maximum of 307 ± 47 ng/dl on Day 2, and returned to the Day 0 value by Day 5. Mean total iron binding capacity did not vary more than 25% from the Day 0 value during the 9 day long study. The percent saturation of transferrin with iron increased from 33 ± 6% on Day Oto a maximum of 71 ± 9% on Day 3. This determination had decreased to 34 ± 3% on Day 5. No statistically significant changes occurred in these parameters studied in six control dogs that were not given the drug. To determine whether serum iron concentration might be correlated with endogenous serum Cortisol concentration, these tests were determined in serum collected from nine dogs at 7 a.m., 3 p.m., and 11 p.m. each day for 3 consecutive days. Serum iron concentration was lower at 7 a.m. (147 ± 9 μg/dl) than at 3 p.m. (164 ± μg/dl) or 11 p.m. (159 ± 10 μg/dl). Likewise serum Cortisol was lower at 7 a.m. (1.29 ± 0.18μg/dl) than at 3 p.m. (1.49 ± 0.19 μg/dl) or 11 p.m. (1.51 ± 0.22 μg/dl). There was a significant positive linear correlation between serum iron and serum Cortisol concentrations when they were compared using mean values for each dog. From these studies, it appears that exogenously administered glucocorticoids and endogenous increases in serum Cortisol concentrations may result in increased serum iron concentrations in dogs.
Unsaturated Vitamin B12 Binding Capacity in Human and Ruminant Blood Serum – A Comparison of Techniques Including a New Technique by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Schultz Wendy J. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryA new technique by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC‐gel permeation) shows promise as a tool to separate and quantitate the Unsaturated Vitamin B12 Binding Capacity (UBBC) of the individual Vitamin B12 binders in blood serum. This method, although not as rapid as protein‐coated charcoal or cellulose separation techniques, is more applicable for use with large numbers of samples than gel filtration. The use of a radioactivity detector to monitor the eluant from the column permitted automation of the method. Comparable results for UBBC and for the UBBC of individual binders were obtained when samples were analyzed by gel filtration and HPLC. The HPLC method proved suitably precise and the recovery of added cyanocobalamin was acceptable. It is proposed that HPLC be the method of choice for measurement of the UBBC of binders of Vitamin B12 in blood serum.
Effects of Heartworm and Intestinal Parasitic Infections on Hematology and Peripheral Lymph Node Cytology in Louisiana Dogs
Authors: Gossett K.A. , Root C.R. , Cleghorn B. , Church G.E. , Turk J.R. , Turk M.A.M. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryHookworm infected dogs had higher blood basophil counts than hookworm negative dogs. Dogs with occult heartworm infection (i.e., without microfilaremia) had higher blood neutrophil counts than heartworm negative dogs. The percentage of eosinophils in peripheral lymph nodes was higher in heartworm infected, microfilaremic dogs than in both occult infected dogs and heartworm negative dogs. Heartworm or intestinal parasitic infection had no other significant effects on hematologic parameters or peripheral lymph node cytology.
A Comparison of Commercial Kit Methods for Assay of Vitamin B12 in Ruminant Blood
Authors: Schultz Wendy J. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryFive commercially available radioisotope dilution (RID) kits for assay of Vitamin B12 were obtained for evaluation with ovine and bovine serum; also, for comparison with our laboratory's (Lab 1) RID method and the methods of two independent laboratories, one using RID and the other a microbiological method. One commercial kit was found to be suitable for both species because negligible non‐specific binding occurred when extraction was performed at 100d̀ C (212d̀ F). Of the other four kits, two were found to be suitable for ovine and bovine serum provided non‐specific binding of the latter was measured. This was also the case with the Lab 1 method. Two of the commercial kits were found to be unsuitable for assay of Vitamin B12 in ruminant blood.
Oral Mucosa Bleeding Times of Normal Cats and Cats with Chediak‐Higashi Syndrome or Hageman Trait (Factor XII Deficiency)
Authors: Parkerd Michael T. , Collier Linda L. , Kier Ann B. , Johnson Gary S. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryA commercially available, disposable blade in a spring‐loaded cassette was used to measure oral mucosa bleeding times (OMBT) of ketamine/acepromazine‐anesthetized cats. The OMBT were determined in cats homozygous for Chediak‐Higashi syndrome (CHS; n = 7), cats heterozygous for CHS (n = 6), and cats homozygous for Hageman factor (factor XII) deficiency (n = 5). In addition, OMBT were determined in three groups of normal cats: random‐source cats (n = 14), inbred normal relatives of the cats with CHS (n = 7), and inbred normal relatives of Hageman factor deficient cats (n = 9). No significant differences were found in the OMBT of the three groups of normal cats. The mean OMBT for all 30 normal cats was 1.9 minutes ± 0.5 minutes s.d. Compared to the normal cats, those homozygous for CHS had significantly prolonged OMBT (14.1 ± 3.3 minutes; ±p >0.05). The mean OMBT of cats heterozygous for CHS (2.6 ± 0.8 minutes) was also significantly longer than the OMBT of the combined normal group. The mean OMBT of the CHS heterozygotes, however, was not significantly longer than that of their normal relatives (OMBT = 1.8 ± 0.5 minutes), probably because of the low number of cats in this subgroup of normals. As expected, the OMBT of cats homozygous for Hageman factor deficiency (2.3 ± 0.3 minutes) were not significantly prolonged.
Methemalbumin: Reality and Myth
Authors: George Jeanne Wright 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe ability to form methemalbumin by binding oxidized heme is described frequently as a characteristic of albumin from all animal species. Actually, only albumin from a limited number of species makes methemalbumin. Lack of recognition of interspecies differences has led to the myth of methemalbumin in domestic animals. The literature on methemalbumin is reviewed including the chemical characteristics of true methemalbumin and the misuse of mythical methemalbumin.
Correction for Sample Free Glycerol Is Needed for Accurate Measurement of Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations in Miniature Swine
Authors: Weingand Kurt W. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryMethods for the measurement of plasma or serum triglyceride concentrations usually quantify the glycerol released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the triglyceride molecule. Any free glycerol in the sample is measured erroneously as triglyceride in these methods. As miniature swine have been used commonly for comparative studies of plasma lipoprotein lipids, this study was conducted to assess the need for free glycerol correction of plasma triglyceride measurements by comparing glycerol‐blank corrected and non‐corrected total plasma triglyceride concentrations from fasted minipigs. Fasting plasma free glycerol concentrations range from 9 to 14 mg/dl. The mean ± SD (n = 16) glycerol‐blank corrected total plasma triglyceride value (77 ± 8 mg/dl) was significantly (p > 0.001) less than the uncorrected measurement value (189 ± 12 mg/dl). Poor correlation (r = 0.24) between corrected and uncorrected total plasma triglyceride measurements suggests that mathematic correction by a constant correction factor would yield inaccurate results for miniature swine. Free glycerol blanking is essential for determination of the true total plasma triglyceride concentration.
Serum Bile Acids: Reference Values in Healthy Dogs and Comparison of Two Kit Methods
Authors: Counsell Linda J. , Lumsden John H. 
Published: February 2009

SummarySerum bile acid (SBA) reference intervals were established by use of a radioimmunoassay method for fasting dogs to be 0.2 to 4.3 μmol/L (n = 60) and for 2 hour postprandial samples to be 0.6 to 24.2 μ mol/L (n = 37). The SBA reference intervals estimated using an enzymatic method were 0 to 8.6 μ mol/L for fasting (n = 26) and 0 to 29.8 μ mol/L for 2 hour postprandial samples (n = 36). The correlation between the two methods including samples from healthy dogs and clinical cases is good (n = 128, r = 0.82, p > 0.0001). The radioimmuno‐assay method is linear to 50 μ mol/L and the enzymatic method is linear to 100 μ mol/L, thus both methods require serum dilutions to be made in many cases of primary liver disease. The enzymatic method is less expensive and more convenient for use in a clinical laboratory but requires a greater sample volume (400 μl) than the RIA method (50 μl). Both methods have adequate precision and accuracy to be useful as diagnostic tests of liver function in dogs.
Susceptibility of Canine, Feline and Human Erythrocytes to Oxidant‐Mediated Injury
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe relative susceptibilities of feline, canine and human erythrocytes to in vitro hydrogen peroxide‐induced lipid peroxidation and hemolysis were studied. At 15 minutes following exposure to hydrogen peroxide, cat erythrocytes had higher concentrations of lipid peroxidation by‐products and a greater percent hemolysis as compared to dogs and humans. Erythrocytes from cats with induced sterile abscesses had lower concentrations of the antioxidant glutathione, but they did not have detectable concentrations of lipid peroxides nor were they more susceptible to in vitro lipid peroxidation or hemolysis.
The Effect of Diminazene Aceturate on Splenectomized Dogs withBabesia gibsoniInfection
Authors: Itoh Naoyuki , Agri.d M. , Higuchi Seiichi , Kawamura Seiichi , Itoh's Dr. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe effect of diminazene aceturate on splenectomized and nonsplenectomized dogs with Babesia gibsoni (B. gibsoni) infection was investigated. In splenectomized dogs, the fissional and multiplicational stages of B. gibsoni were observed in peripheral blood films, and hemoglobinuria was frequently observed. These findings were different from previous reports1–6and were not changed by administration of diminazene aceturate. It is clear that the intramuscular administration of diminazene aceturate at the dose of 3 mg/kg body weight for 3 days is not effective against B. gibsoni infection in splenectomized dogs.
Combined Phagocytosis‐Nitroblue Tetrazolium Reduction Test in Bovine Neutrophils
Authors: Valinoti Jan M. , Zinkl Joseph G. , Jain Nemi C. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryAn assay was developed for the simultaneous evaluation of phagocytosis and oxidative metabolism of bovine blood neutrophils. Phagocytosis was evaluated by using opsonized zymosan, and oxidative metabolism was evaluated by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. Normal bovine neutrophils exhibited moderate variation in ability to phagocytize zymosan, but little variation in ability to reduce NBT.The subcellular location of NBT reduction to formazan was determined by electron microscopy. Electron dense formazan precipitate was observed along the inner membrane of phagosomes enclosing zymosan particles and radiating from the membrane toward the center of the phagosome.
An Hypothesis on the Etio‐Pathogenesis of Equine Inflammatory Joint Disease
Authors: Auer David E. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe role of oxygen‐derived free radicals is considered critical to the etio‐pathogenesis of equine inflammatory joint disease. In vivo, the superoxide radical in the joint may be derived either from activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes or from an ischemia/reperiusion cycle. In the presence of ferrous iron, it may generate the highly reactive hydroxy! radical (OH). Predisposing factors may include synovitis, exercise‐induced ischemia and minor traumatic injury to the joints. Unlike other inflammatory mediators, oxygen‐derived free radicals may damage tissue directly and these reactive species could account for the tissue injury and insidious onset of equine exercise‐induced degenerative joint disease.
Serum Enzyme Changes in Newborn Calves Fed Colostrum
Authors: Boyd J. W. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryIn 10 newborn Holstein calves, which were initially bottle‐fed on pooled colostrum, there were transient increases in several serum enzymes. Within a few hours, the mean serum γ‐glutamyl transferase (γGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities increased 62.5, 2.4, 2.0, 1.8 and 1.3 fold, respectively. In two other calves given initial feeds of enzyme‐free pasteurized milk, there were similar increases in serum enzymes, except serum γGT.Correct interpretation of serum enzyme activities in newborn calves must take into account the normal increases which occur after feeding colostrum. Serum γGT was the only enzyme to increase markedly as a result of its absorption from colostrum. The other serum enzymes are presumably released from the tissues of the calf.The increased activities of serum CK observed in some newborn calves probably resulted from trauma during birth or increased muscular activity after birth.
Shape Changes in Caprine Erythrocytes Exposed to Chlorpromazine and Lysolecithin
Authors: Jain N. C. , Kono C. S. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryStomatocytic and echinocytic transformations of caprine erythrocytes were studied invitro using chlorpromazine as a stomatocytic agent and lysolecithin as an echinocytic agent. Morphologic changes in erythrocytes generally varied with the cell shape and the concentration of the substances used. Discocytic, triangular, and pear‐shaped red cells common to normal goats, exhibited classical stomatocytic and echinocytic changes with formation of spherostomatocytes, sphero‐echinocytes, and spherocytes. In comparison, fusiform and spindle‐shaped red cells found in certain Angora goats seemed less prone to shape changes and required greater concentrations of the inducing agents to effect such changes. Chlorpromazine at higher concentrations also inflicted localized membrane damage in form of tiny pits and lysolecithin likewise induced formation of fragile smooth or beaded filaments.
Hematologic Values of the Yucatan Miniature Pig*
Authors: Parsons A.H. , Wells R.E. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryMean values and ranges for 16 hematological parameters for healthy, young, sexually‐mature Yucatan miniature swine are presented. No significant differences were observed between sexes with regard to hemograms. Comparison of observed values with those published in the literature for standard domestic and other breeds of miniature swine reveals no major differences.
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Canine Urinary Proteins for the Analysis and Differentiation of Tubular and Glomerular Diseases
Authors: Schultze A.E. , Jensen R.K. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryA preliminary investigation was performed to evaluate the use of a new, noninvasive technique for the localization of canine renal lesions by electrophoresis of urinary proteins. Urine specimens from six clinically healthy, nonproteinuric dogs and 12 dogs with persistent proteinuria were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). Urine electrophoretic patterns of proteinuric dogs were classified as glomerular (n=4), tubular (n=2), or mixed (glomerular and tubular) (n=6), based on the number and molecular weight of the silver‐stained protein bands.Renal tissues from biopsies or necropsies were obtained from eight of the dogs with proteinuric disease. Interpretation of seven of eight electrophoretograms agreed with the histologic interpretation of renal lesions. We concluded SDS PAGE is a potentially valuable technique for detection and localization of renal lesions in dogs with proteinuric disease.
Effects of Human Recombinant Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (HR‐GCSF) on the Hemogram of Lactating Dairy Cattle
Authors: Cullor J.S. , Smith W. , Fairley N. , Wood S.L. , Dellinger J.D. , Souza L. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryMastitis commonly occurs in the dairy cow and results in an influx of granulocytes into the mammary gland. Presently, colony stimulating factors have been isolated. One factor, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), has been identified and reproduced using recombinant DNA technologies. In an experiment, lactating bovine were given a bacterially‐synthesized human recombinant granulocytic colony stimulating factor (Hr‐GCSF) at a specified dose rate to monitor and characterize their hematological responses. Doses of Hr‐GCSF were administered subcutaneously and blood samples collected from the tail vein into vacutainer tubes. Results of the study indicated a toleration by the bovine for the Hr‐GCSF for the tested period, and that the Hr‐GCSF can stimulate a sustained elevation of circulating neutrophils.
The Effects of Aging on Hematology and Serum Chemistry Values in the Beagle Dog
Authors: Lowseth Lisa A. , Gillett Nancy A. , Gerlach Robert F. , Muggenburg Bruce A. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryTo distinguish age‐related changes in hematology and clinical chemistry values from those resulting from disease, hematology, and clinical chemistry values of healthy, age‐matched Beagle dogs 3 to 14 years of age were analyzed. Serum potassium, total protein and globulin concentration, and lactic dehydrogenase activity increased with age, while urea nitrogen, creatinine and albumin concentration, and gamma‐glutamyl transferase activity decreased. The 12‐year‐old group had some distinct differences from the other age groups: glucose concentration was lower, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity and triglyceride concentration were higher. No significant age‐related differences were found in the hematology parameters analyzed. This report extends the documented, age‐related changes in normal Beagle dogs to 14 years of age.The age‐related changes in organ‐specific serum chemistries such as urea nitrogen and creatinine (kidney), and alanine aminotransferase (liver) noted here suggest that 12 years may be a pivotal age for determining longevity in the Beagle dog.
Comparison of Methods for Assay of Fecal Proteolytic Activity
Authors: Williams David A. , Reed Scott D. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryFecal proteolytic activity (FPA) in ten normal dogs was readily detected either colorimetrically using azocasein substrate or by radial enzyme diffusion into agar gels containing casein substrate. Daily FPA ranged from 17 to 207 azocasein units/g (ACU/g) or 4 to 18 mm of casein hydrolysis, while mean 3‐day FPA ranged from 58 to 101 ACU/g or 7 to 15 mm. Studies of proteolytic activity remaining after treatment of fecal extracts with a specific trypsin inhibitor indicated that trypsin accounted for 0% to 71% of proteolytic activity. Proteolytic activity decreased steadily in fecal specimens stored at room temperature or above, but there was only slight loss in activity during storage for up to 5 days at 4d̀C. Proteolytic activity was unaffected by repeated freezing and thawing and samples could be stored for long periods at ‐20d̀C without noticeable loss of activity. It is concluded that assays of FPA using either azoprotein substrate or radial enzyme diffusion into agar gels containing casein substrate allow evaluation of exocrine pancreatic function in dogs, provided that several samples are tested. These methods are suitable for application in a variety of species.
Platelet Aggregation in Dogs Experimentally Infected with Rickettsia rickettsii
Authors: Grindem C.B. , Corbett W.T. , Levy M.G. , Davidson M.G. , Breitschwerdt E.B. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryPlatelet aggregation studies were performed on nine Beagle dogs experimentally infected with Rickettsia rickettsii. Platelets from dogs with Rocky Mountain spotted fever tended to be more aggregable than controls.
Effect of Immune‐Mediated Erythrocyte Agglutination on Analysis of Canine Blood Using a Multichannel Blood Cell Counting System
Authors: Porter Robert E. , Weiser M. Glade 
Published: February 2009

SummaryBlood from six dogs with in vitro immune‐mediated erythrocyte agglutination resulted in analytical errors in directly measured counting and sizing functions on a multichannel blood analysis system with histogram capability. Errors in the directly measured values, mean cell volume (MCV), and erythrocyte count were attributed to agglutinated erythrocyte particles that persisted during the relatively short reagent contact time of the analysis. Agglutinated particles less than 240 fl were visible on erythrocyte histograms and resulted in a false low erythrocyte count and false high MCV. Agglutinated cell particles greater than 240 fl were not present on the histogram scale. Because these latter particles exceeded the upper threshold, they did not influence determination of MCV, but resulted in a further decrease in the erythrocyte count. As a result, the other dependent erythrocyte indices were in error. These included false low hematocrit and false high mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), when compared to corrected reference blood values. Similar errors occurred when analyzing blood samples that were agglutinated in vitro by incubating erythrocytes with incompatible plasma. The counting and sizing errors observed with electronic counting techniques were eliminated or greatly reduced by incubating blood in cell counting diluent for 10 minutes followed by analysis on a single channel counter with attached particle size analyzer. Error in erythrocyte measurement on a multichannel system may be anticipated if there is overt erythrocyte agglutination in a blood sample, an abnormally high MCHC is reported by the system, or subpopulations of large volume (agglutinated cells) are observed on a volume distribution histogram.
Utilization of an Enzyme Heat Stability Test and Erythrocyte Glycolytic Intermediate Assays to Assist in the Diagnosis of Canine Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
Authors: Harvey John W. , Kociba Gary J. , Peteya Donald J. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryA macrocytic hypochromic anemia, with marked reticulocytosis and large numbers of circulating nucleated erythrocytes, was recognized in a 3½‐year‐old male Beagle‐cross dog. A presumptive diagnosis of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency was made, even though PK activity from the patient was within the range of activities measured for normal dogs, because the PK activity should have been several times normal in light of the large number of reticulocytes present. The PK activity in a hemolysate from the patient was heat‐labile compared to activities in hemolysates from normal dogs, a finding consistent with results from a previous study of PK‐deficient Basenji dogs. Seven phosphorylated glycolytic intermediates and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate were measured in protein‐free extracts of erythrocytes from the patient. All were present in concentrations above that present in normal canine erythrocytes, further supporting the diagnosis of PK deficiency.
Serum Procollagen Type III Peptide Levels in Normal Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Cornelius Charles , Strong Sharon , Smith Carrie , Lee Blaine 
Published: February 2009

SummarySerum levels of the amino‐terminal peptide of Type III procollagen (P‐III‐P) were assayed by radioimmunoassay in 48 Rhesus monkeys from 0.7 to 26.4 years of age. Serum P‐III‐P levels in ten juvenile monkeys (0.7‐4.7 yrs.) were significantly higher (84.5 ± 66.2 ng/ml; p = 0.05) and ranged from 29.6 to 238.0 ng/ml as compared with 38 monkeys over 5 years of age (21.7 ± 9.4 ng/ml), which ranged from 8.5 to 55.5 ng/ml. No significant differences in serum P‐III‐P levels were observed between any age groups over 5 years of age (5–10, 10–15, 15–20, and > 20) or between male and female monkeys within any age category.