bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Neutral Metal Complexes from the 4‐N‐Phenylthiosemicarbazone‐2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde Ligand – 113Cd and 207Pb NMR Studies
Authors: Bermejo Manuel R. , González‐Noya Ana M. , Martínez‐Calvo Miguel , Pedrido Rosa , Maneiro Marcelino , Fernández M. Isabel , Gómez‐Fórneas Esther 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe metal complexes studied in this report derive from the ligand 4‐N‐phenylthiosemicarbazone‐2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde, abbreviated HL, and the transition and post‐transition metals manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, zinc, cadmium and lead.The new complexes were obtained by an electrochemical procedure and were found to be of the form ML2·nH2O (n = 1−4) for divalent metals and ML·nH2O (n = 0, 4) for Cu and Ag metals. These complexes have been wholly characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, magnetic measurements and molar conductivities. NMR studies in solution (1H, 113Cd and 207Pb NMR) were also performed. [MnL2]·CHCl3 (1), [ZnL2]·CH3CN (2) and [CdL2]·CH3CN (3) could be crystallographically characterized and their crystal structures show the metal atoms in a distorted octahedral environment.
Neutral Mono‐ and Cationic Bis‐Aziridine d6‐Metal Complexes of the Type [(π‐arene)M(Az)Cl2] and [(π‐arene)M(Az)2Cl]Cl (π‐arene/M = η6‐C6Me6/Ru; η5‐C5Me5/Rh, Ir)
Authors: Bobka Roman , Roedel J. Nicolas , Neumann Bernd , Krinninger Christoph , Mayer Peter , Wunderlich Stefan , Penger Alexander , Lorenz Ingo‐Peter 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of neutral mono‐ and cationic bis‐aziridine complexes of ruthenium(II), rhodium(III) and iridium(III) are described. The dimeric complexes [MCl2L]2 (M = RuII, L = C6Me6; M = RhIII/IrIII, L = C5Me5) (1‐3) react with a series of aziridines (Az = C2H4NH, C2H3MeNH, C2H2Me2NH, C2H3EtNH, C2H3PhNH) (a‐e) in a 1:2 or 1:5 molar ratio to give the neutral mono‐aziridine complexes [MCl2L(Az)] (4e‐6e) or cationic bis‐aziridine complexes [MClL(Az)2]Cl (7a‐9d), respectively. After purification, all of the complexes were fully characterized and the IR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectra are reported and discussed. The single crystal structure analysis revealed a distorted octahedral structure for all complexes.
Evolution of Ceramics with Medical Applications
Authors: Salinas Antonio J. , Vallet‐Regí María 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBioceramics are those ceramics designed to be implanted into the human body. In the last fifty years these materials experienced an enormous evolution. Initially, the objective was bio–inertness, that is a minimum interaction with the living organism. These bioceramics are nowadays called first generation. The second generation bioceramics started to be widely investigated in the 1980s with the goal of a positive interaction with living tissues. This group collects bioactive and resorbable bioceramics. At the beginning of the 21stCentury it is clear that the medical paradigm of tissue substitution must be replaced with tissue regeneration. Bioceramics must be supplemented with cells and biologically active molecules. The investigation in third generation bioceramics has just started. In this article, a description of the main second generation ceramics and new advanced ceramics currently under our investigation aimed to be used as scaffolds and templates in third generation biomaterials is presented.
A Double Chain Metal‐organic Framework Constructed by Tetrameric Nickel(II) Units and 1,3,5‐Benzenetricarboxylic Trianions
Authors: Xie Linhua , Liu Shuxia , Cao Ruige , Gao Chaoying , Cao Jianfang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHydrothermal reaction of nickel sulfate, 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid and deprotonation agent ethylenediamine yields a metal‐organic framework [Ni4(μ3‐OH)2(H2O)10(BTC)2]·H2O, which consists of double chains constructed from tetrameric nickel(II) units and 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic trianions. Hydrogen bonds and π‐π stacking interactions among these chains result in the three‐dimensional structure of the compound. Magnetic study reveals there are ferromagnetic interactions among the Ni2+ ions of each Ni4 units in the compound.
Reaction of [Fe2(CO)6{μ‐COLi(THF)3}2] with Me3SiCl – Crystal Structure of [Fe3(CO)9(μ3‐COSiMe3){μ3‐COLi(THF)3}]
Authors: Petz Wolfgang , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFrom the reaction of [Fe2(CO)6{μ‐COLi(THF)3}2] (1) with two equivalents of Me3SiCl in THF solution the trinuclear cluster [Fe3(CO)9(μ3‐COSiMe3){μ3‐COLi(THF)3}] (2) could be isolated, in which the COLi(THF)3 ligand bridges two iron atoms and is bonded to the third Fe atom in a semibridging manner. 2 is characterized by an X‐ray analysis; it crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 1471.6(2), b = 1169.6(1), c = 2043.8(2) pm, β = 94.05(1), Z = 4.
Crystal Structures and EPR Spectra of Cu2+‐Doped Magnesium(II) and Cadmium(II) Methoxyacetates
Authors: Hitchman Michael A. , Hockless David C. R. , Skelton Brian W. , Stratemeier Horst , White Allan H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMagnesium methoxyacetate crystallizes from aqueous solution as a dihydrate, isomorphous with its nickel(II) and copper(II) counterparts, the six‐coordinate metal atoms being disposed on crystallographic inversion centres in space group P21/n. The cadmium complex is anhydrous, the six‐coordinate metal atoms being linked into a two‐dimensional polymer parallel to the ab plane in space group P21/c by bridging coordination through carboxylate oxygen atoms. The powder EPR spectra of traces of Cu2+ doped into the magnesium(II) and cadium(II) compounds show slight temperature dependences, with the higher two g‐values converging as the temperature is raised from ∼77 K to 290 K. This is analysed in terms of an equililibrium between complexes having similar geometries, but with the long and intermediate bond directions interchanged. The behaviour is in contrast to that of the pure copper(II) complex, where the thermal properties appear to be influenced by cooperative interactions.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure of 1‐D Double‐helical Chain Manganese(II) Coordination Polymer Constructed by 2,2′‐bpy and Flexible Dicarboxylate Ligand with Strong Fluorescent Emission
Authors: Yang Li , Yu Wei , Zhang Tong‐Lai , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Wang Shao‐Zong , Wu Rui‐Feng 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA new coordination polymer [Mn2(nbdoa)2(2,2′‐bpy)2]n was obtained by hydrothermal reaction, which was constructed by 2,2′‐bpy and flexible ligand 2‐nitro‐benzene‐1,4‐di(oxyacetate). The crystal structure reveals that there exists 1‐D double‐helical chain, which is connected to 2‐D network via π‐π stacking interactions. The thermal analysis shows that the complex begins to decompose at 567 K. The luminescence property was investigated and the complex shows photoluminescence in the solid state at room temperature.
Tin(IV) Complexes with Thiosemicarbazide and 4‐Methyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazide Derivatives
Authors: Calatayud David G. , López‐Torres Elena , Mendiola Antonia , Procopio Jesús R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFive new complexes were isolated from a CH2Cl2 solution of SnCl4 and the ligands benzil bis(thiosemicarbazone) L1H6, benzil bis(4‐methyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazone) L1Me2H4, 5‐methoxy‐5,6‐diphenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐2H‐[1,2,4]‐triazine‐3‐thione, L2H2OMe and 5‐methoxy‐4‐methyl‐5,6‐diphenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐2H‐[1,2,4]‐triazine‐3‐thione, L2MeHOMe. The characteristics of the complexes depend on the ligand. Compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, IR, 13C and 119Sn CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy.
Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Characterization of Two Phosphate Compounds Related with the Mineral Struvite: KNiPO4μ·μ6H2O and NaNiPO4μ·μ7H2O
Authors: Trobajo Camino , Salvadó Miguel A. , Pertierra Pilar , Alfonso Belén F. , Blanco Jesús A. , Khainakov Serguei A. , García José R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTwo new phosphate compounds, KNiPO4·6H2O and NaNiPO4·7H2O, have been synthesized, identified and their crystal structure studied by powder X‐ray diffraction. KNiPO4·6H2O crystallizes in the monoclinic system, with lattice parameters a = 6.8309(3) Å, b = 11.0610(4) Å, c = 6.1165(2) Å, and angle β = 91.045(2)°, volume of the unit cell V = 462.07(3) Å3, space group P21, and Z = 2, while NaNiPO4·7H2O does so in the tetragonal system with a = 6.7390(2) Å, c = 10.9690(4) Å, V = 498.15(4) Å3, space group P42/mmc, and Z = 2. KNiPO4·6H2O has the structure as the struvite analogue KMgPO4·6H2O, whereas NaNiPO4·7H2O is isostructural with the compound NaMgPO4·7H2O. Neither material presents a magnetic order in the range of temperatures measured from 300 K down to 1.8 K.
LV systolic impairment in patients with asymptomatic coronary heart disease and type 1 diabetes is related to coronary atherosclerosis, glycaemic control and advanced glycation endproducts
Authors: Steine Kjetil , Larsen Jakob R. , Stugaard Marie , Berg Tore Julsrud , Brekke Magne , Dahl‐Jørgensen Knut 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAims:To evaluate whether heart failure in type 1 diabetes is linked to poor glycaemic control, coronary atherosclerosis or advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs).Methods:Twenty six patients with type 1 diabetes (mean duration 32±5years), and 16 age matched controls were recruited. Mean HbA1c through 18years (HbA1c18), serum levels of AGEs and coronary atherosclerotic burden (CAB) were determined by IVUS. Peak tissue velocities and strain by tissue Doppler imaging were measured in 12 LV regions as an evaluation of LV function.Results:Systolic tissue velocity was inversely correlated to CAB (r=0.53, p<0.01), to HbA1c18 (r=0.46, p<0.05) and to the duration of diabetes (r=0.46, p<0.05). Systolic strain was inversely correlated to HbA1c18 (r=0.45, p<0.05), to duration of diabetes (r=0.41, p<0.05), and tended to correlate with AGEs (r=0.37, p=0.07). In multiple regression analyses, CAB and HbA1c18 were significant independent predictors for systolic velocity, while AGEs and duration of diabetes were significant predictors of systolic strain.Conclusion:LV systolic function was impaired by increasing coronary atherosclerosis and worsening of glycaemic control. AGEs might be another mechanism for the increased risk of heart failure in type 1 diabetes.
Identification of domains influencing assembly and ion channel properties in α7 nicotinic receptor and 5‐HT3 receptor subunit chimaeras
Authors: Gee V J , Kracun S , Cooper S T , Gibb A J , Millar N S 
Published: August 2007

Background and purpose:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and 5‐hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors (5‐HT3Rs) are members of the superfamily of neurotransmitter‐gated ion channels. Both contain five subunits which assemble to form either homomeric or heteromeric subunit complexes. With the aim of identifying the influence of subunit domains upon receptor assembly and function, a series of chimaeras have been constructed containing regions of the neuronal nAChR α7 subunit and the 5‐HT3 receptor 3A subunit.Experimental approach:A series of subunit chimaeras containing α7 and 5‐HT3A subunit domains have been constructed and expressed in cultured mammalian cells. Properties of the expressed receptors have been examined by means of radioligand binding, agonist‐induced changes in intracellular calcium and patch‐clamp electrophysiology.Key results:Subunit domains which influence properties such as rectification, desensitization and conductance have been identified. In addition, the influence of subunit domains upon subunit folding, receptor assembly and cell‐surface expression has been identified. Co‐expression studies with the nAChR‐associated protein RIC‐3 revealed that, in contrast to the potentiating effect of RIC‐3 on α7 nAChRs, RIC‐3 caused reduced levels of cell‐surface expression of some α7/5‐HT3A chimaeras.Conclusions and implications:Evidence has been obtained which demonstrates that subunit transmembrane domains are critical for efficient subunit folding and assembly. In addition, functional characterization of subunit chimaeras revealed that both extracellular and cytoplasmic domains exert a dramatic and significant influence upon single‐channel conductance. These data support a role for regions other than hydrophobic transmembrane domains in determining ion channel properties.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 152, 501–512; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707429; published online 27 August 2007
Methylene blue and serotonin toxicity: inhibition of monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) confirms a theoretical prediction
Authors: Ramsay R R , Dunford C , Gillman P K 
Published: August 2007

Background and purpose:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) are known to cause serotonin toxicity (ST) when administered with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). Methylene blue (methylthionium chloride, MB), a redox dye in clinical use, has been reported to precipitate ST in patients using SSRI. MB was assessed for MAO inhibition and so for its potential to precipitate ST.Experimental approach:Inhibition of purified human MAO was quantified using kinetic assays and visible spectral changes to study the interactions of MB with MAO A.Key results:MB was a potent (tight binding) inhibitor for MAO A. It also inhibited MAO B but at much higher concentration. Interactions of MB with the active site of MAO A were confirmed by its action both as an oxidising substrate and as a one‐electron reductant.Conclusions and implications:MB is a potent reversible inhibitor of MAO A with implications for gut uptake of amines when administered orally. At concentrations reported in the literature after intravenous administration, MAO B would be partially inhibited but MAO A would be completely inhibited. This inhibition of MAO A would be expected to lead to perturbations of 5‐hydroxytryptamine metabolism and hence account for ST occurring when administered to patients on SSRI treatment.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 152, 946–951; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707430; published online 27 August 2007
The distance function from the boundary in a Minkowski space
Authors: Crasta Graziano , Malusa Annalisa 
Published: August 2007

Let the space

R

n

\mathbb R^n

be endowed with a Minkowski structure

M
M

(that is,

M
:

R

n

→
[
0
,
+
∞
)

M\colon \mathbb R^n \to [0,+\infty )

is the gauge function of a compact convex set having the origin as an interior point, and with boundary of class

C
2

C^2

), and let

d
M

(
x
,
y
)

d^M(x,y)

be the (asymmetric) distance associated to

M
M

. Given an open domain

Ω
⊂

R

n

\Omega \subset \mathbb R^n

of class

C
2

C^2

, let

d

Ω

(
x
)
:=
inf
{

d
M

(
x
,
y
)
;

y
∈
∂
Ω
}

d_{\Omega }(x) := \inf \{d^M(x,y);\ y\in \partial \Omega \}

be the Minkowski distance of a point

x
∈
Ω

x\in \Omega

from the boundary of

Ω
\Omega

. We prove that a suitable extension of

d

Ω

d_{\Omega }

to

R

n

\mathbb R^n

(which plays the rôle of a signed Minkowski distance to

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

) is of class

C
2

C^2

in a tubular neighborhood of

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

, and that

d

Ω

d_{\Omega }

is of class

C
2

C^2

outside the cut locus of

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

(that is, the closure of the set of points of nondifferentiability of

d

Ω

d_{\Omega }

in

Ω
\Omega

). In addition, we prove that the cut locus of

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

has Lebesgue measure zero, and that

Ω
\Omega

can be decomposed, up to this set of vanishing measure, into geodesics starting from

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

and going into

Ω
\Omega

along the normal direction (with respect to the Minkowski distance). We compute explicitly the Jacobian determinant of the change of variables that associates to every point

x
∈
Ω

x\in \Omega

outside the cut locus the pair

(
p
(
x
)
,

d

Ω

(
x
)
)

(p(x), d_{\Omega }(x))

, where

p
(
x
)

p(x)

denotes the (unique) projection of

x
x

on

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

, and we apply these techniques to the analysis of PDEs of Monge–Kantorovich type arising from problems in optimal transportation theory and shape optimization.
Quadratic maps and Bockstein closed group extensions
Authors: Pakianathan Jonathan , Yalçın Ergün 
Published: August 2007

Let

E
E

be a central extension of the form

0
→
V
→
G
→
W
→
0

0 \to V \to G \to W \to 0

where

V
V

and

W
W

are elementary abelian

2
2

-groups. Associated to

E
E

there is a quadratic map

Q
:
W
→
V

Q: W \to V

, given by the

2
2

-power map, which uniquely determines the extension. This quadratic map also determines the extension class

q
q

of the extension in

H
2

(
W
,
V
)

H^2(W,V)

and an ideal

I
(
q
)

I(q)

in

H
2

(
G
,

Z

/

2
)

H^2(G, \mathbb {Z} /2)

which is generated by the components of

q
q

. We say that

E
E

is Bockstein closed if

I
(
q
)

I(q)

is an ideal closed under the Bockstein operator. We find a direct condition on the quadratic map

Q
Q

that characterizes when the extension is Bockstein closed. Using this characterization, we show for example that quadratic maps induced from the fundamental quadratic map

Q

g
l

n

:

g
l

n

(

F

2

)
→

g
l

n

(

F

2

)

Q_{\mathfrak {gl}_n}: \mathfrak {gl}_n (\mathbb {F}_2)\to \mathfrak {gl}_n (\mathbb {F}_2)

given by

Q
(

A

)
=

A

+

A

2

Q(\mathbb {A})= \mathbb {A} +\mathbb {A} ^2

yield Bockstein closed extensions. On the other hand, it is well known that an extension is Bockstein closed if and only if it lifts to an extension

0
→
M
→

G
~

→
W
→
0

0 \to M \to \widetilde {G} \to W \to 0

for some

Z

/

4
[
W
]

\mathbb {Z} /4[W]

-lattice

M
M

. In this situation, one may write

β
(
q
)
=
L
q

\beta (q)=Lq

for a “binding matrix”

L
L

with entries in

H
1

(
W
,

Z

/

2
)

H^1(W, \mathbb {Z}/2)

. We find a direct way to calculate the module structure of

M
M

in terms of

L
L

. Using this, we study extensions where the lattice

M
M

is diagonalizable/triangulable and find interesting equivalent conditions to these properties.
RELATIVITY GROUPOID INSTEAD OF RELATIVITY GROUP
Authors: OZIEWICZ ZBIGNIEW 
Published: August 2007

In 1908, Minkowski [13] used space-like binary velocity-field of a medium, relative to an observer. In 1974, Hestenes introduced, within a Clifford algebra, an axiomatic binary relative velocity as a Minkowski bivector [7, 8]. We propose to consider binary relative velocity as a traceless nilpotent endomorphism in an operator algebra. Any concept of a binary axiomatic relative velocity made possible the replacement of the Lorentz relativity group by the relativity groupoid. The relativity groupoid is a category of massive bodies in mutual relative motions, where a binary relative velocity is interpreted as a categorical morphism with the associative addition. This associative addition is to be contrasted with non-associative addition of (ternary) relative velocities in isometric special relativity (loop structure). We consider an algebra of many time-plus-space splits, as an operator algebra generated by idempotents. The kinematics of relativity groupoid is ruled by associative Frobenius operator algebra, whereas the dynamics of categorical relativity needs the non-associative Frölicher–Richardson operator algebra. The Lorentz covariance is the cornerstone of physical theory. Observer-dependence within relativity groupoid, and the Lorentz-covariance within the Lorentz relativity group, are different concepts. Laws of Physics could be observer-free, rather than Lorentz-invariant.
TENSORIAL CURVATURE AND D-DIFFERENTIATION PART I: "COMMUTATIVE" KIND
Authors: HURLEY D. J. , VANDYCK M. A. 
Published: August 2007

A special class of operators of D-differentiation is introduced, called the "commutative" kind. It is closely related to the family of D-differentiation operators, the curvature of which is a tensor (as opposed to a non-linear operator), and to that of the D-differentiation operators admitting a scalar curvature. It is found that all commutative D-differentiation operators admit a scalar curvature, but that only a proper subset of them (which is explicitly characterized) has a curvature operator that is a tensor. It is also established that all commutative D-differentiation operators can be expressed in terms of covariant differentiation and a tensor field. This generalizes the well-known result about the difference of two sets of connection coefficients yielding a tensor field. In a companion article, a cognate class of operators is defined, which contains the commutative type as a special case. It enables one to construct a unified framework for the Einstein–Maxwell theory through D-differentiation.
Chemical Oxidation of SrCoO3−δ
Authors: Karvonen Lassi , Räsänen Samuli , Yamauchi Hisao , Karppinen Maarit 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Various chemical oxidants were investigated for their capability to oxidize brownmillerite SrCoO2.5 to perovskite SrCoO3−δ. Among the oxidants tested, KMnO4/HCl was found to be the strongest to yield SrCoO3−δ with δ≈0.06.
Phase Extension Contours of a theory of the role of head movement in phrasal extraction
Authors: Dikken Marcel den 
Published: August 2007

Abstract1. The ProgramStarting out from the central ingredients of the analysis of the locality restrictions on Predicate Inversion presented in Den Dikken (2006a), in this paper I will lay the foundations for a theory of syntactic locality and the relationship between phrasal extraction and head movement that is predicated on the premises below:(1)Phase Impenetrabilitysyntactic relationships (Agree) and processes (Move) are constrained by the Phase Impenetrability Condition (PIC) of Chomsky (2000et passim): in phase α with head H, the domain is not accessible to operations outside α, only H and its edge are accessible to such operations(2)Inherent Phaseaninherentphase is apredication(subject–predicate structure)(3)Phase Extensionsyntactic movement of theheadH of a phase α up to the head X of the node β dominating α extends the phase up from α to β; α loses its phasehood in the process, and any constituent on the edge of α ends up in the domain of the derived phase β as a result of Phase Extension
A critique of Phase Extension, with a comparison to Phase Sliding
Authors: Gallego Ángel J , Uriagereka Juan 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

1. Introduction

Den Dikken's paper (henceforth DD) explores an interesting alternative to Chomsky's conception of Phase Theory to account for different phenomena involving Predicate Inversion (PI). In particular, DD concentrates on cases of so-called copular, locative, and dative inversion (the respective instances in (1)):
(1)
a. The #1 best-seller in the country is this book.
b. On the president's desk lay this book.
c. I gave my students this book.
Extended phases & beheaded phrases Comments on Marcel den Dikken's ‘Phase Extension’
Authors: Haider Hubert 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Phrases cease to be phases once the head raises out of the phrase. This is a clear claim. So, in the simplest case, one would expect a direct correlation between overt head-movement and phrasal transparency properties for extraction constructions in typical cases of head-movement, as for instance V movement.
Some thoughts on Phase Extension to a single interface
Authors: Marušič Franc 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
In this short note, I point out some potential problems of the way den Dikken (this volume) understands the mechanism and timing of spell-out. I then test the consequences of his understanding, but do not conclude anything on the basis of the presented English data. I then test the prediction on a case of NP internal predication in Slovenian and explain the problems they pose for the theory presented in den Dikken (this volume).
Predication and escape hatches in Phase Extension Theory
Authors: Matushansky Ora 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

1. Introduction

The main proposal of den Dikken's paper consists of two elegant assumptions, which propose to derive phase theory in a dynamic way and to explain a number of extraction constraints. The first assumption is that a projection immediately containing a predication (i.e., a subject and its predicate) is a phase inherently. The second assumption is that a phase is extended to the maximal projection that its head moves to.