bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients’ knowledge about dental emergencies, COVID-19 transmission, and required preparations in dental settings
Authors: Khami Mohammad Reza , Karimi Mahsa , Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza , Murtomaa Heikki 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics negatively affected the delivery of dental care. The study objective was to assess the knowledge of emergency dental treatments, the transmission routes of COVID-19 in the dental settings, necessary precautions to prevent disease transmission, and the associations between demographic factors and the mentioned domains among Iranian dental patients.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in October 2021. A systematic random sampling approach was used to select 244 participants who had sought services at the dental clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences before and during the pandemic. Data was collected using a combination of interviewer-administered and self-administered questionnaire. Three backward stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between background factors (age, sex, education level, living status, history of dental visits, history of COVID-19 vaccination, and past COVID-19 infection) and knowledge about emergency dental treatments, knowledge about COVID-19 transmission routes, and knowledge about necessary preparations in dental settings.

Results
The mean (SD) scores for knowledge of emergency dental treatments, COVID-19 transmission routes, and essential preparations in dental settings measured on a 100-point scale were 77 (15.4), 84.2 (12.3), and 93.3 (12.1), respectively. Good knowledge of emergency dental treatments was associated with being under 55 years old (p = 0.03). Good knowledge of COVID-19 transmission routes was associated with living with individuals at a high risk of COVID-19 (p = 0.014) and having received the COVID-19 vaccine (p = 0.013). After adjusting for age, among participants aged 30 years and older, good knowledge of necessary preparations in dental settings was associated with being female (p = 0.012) and having received the COVID-19 vaccine (p = 0.001).

Conclusions
Patients who sought care at the dental clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences had good knowledge about the transmission routes of COVID-19 and the required preparations in dental settings, and limited knowledge about dental emergency treatments.
Role of oral health in heart and vascular health: A population-based study
Authors: Ghanem Amr Sayed , Németh Orsolya , Móré Marianna , Nagy Attila Csaba 
Published: April 2024

Background and aimConditions such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and hypercholesterolemia, are a major public health challenge. This study investigates the influence of oral health indicators, including gum bleeding, active dental caries, tooth mobility, and tooth loss, on their prevalence in Hungary, considering socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle factors.Materials and methodsData from the 2019 Hungarian European Health Interview Survey with 5,603 participants informed this analysis. Data were accessed from the records maintained by the Department of Health Informatics at the University of Debrecen between September and November 2023. Variable selection employed elastic net regularization and k-fold cross-validation, leading to high-performing predictors for weighted multiple logistic regression models. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the findings’ validity.ResultsSignificant links were found between poor oral health and chronic cardiac conditions. Multiple teeth extractions increased hypertension risk (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: [1.01–2.77]); dental prosthetics had an OR of 1.45 [1.20–1.75]. Gum bleeding was associated with higher cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.69 [1.30–2.21]) and hypercholesterolemia risks (OR = 1.40 [1.09–1.81]).ConclusionsOral health improvement may reduce the risk of cardiac conditions. This underscores oral health’s role in multidisciplinary disease management.
Histopathologic patterns and factors associated with cervical lesions at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia: A two-year cross-sectional study
Authors: Tirkaso Birhanu Hailu , Bayisa Tesfaye Hurgesa , Desta Tewodros Wubshet 
Published: April 2024

Background
The cervix is the lower portion of the uterus, which connects this organ to the vagina through the endocervical canal.

Objective
This study aimed to determine the histopathologic patterns and factors associated with cervical lesions at Jimma Medical Center from September 12, 2017, to September 12, 2019.

Methods
A 2-year facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to June 30, 2020.

Result
In this study, cervical cancer was the most common (71%) cause of cervical lesions. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent cervical cancer diagnosed during the study, accounting for 96.4% of 331 cancerous cases, followed by adenocarcinoma (3.3%). High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were the most frequently diagnosed precancerous lesions, accounting for 68.4% of cases. Endocervical polyps were the most commonly diagnosed benign lesions, accounting for 59.3% of cases.

Conclusion
The maximum age distribution of cervical lesions was in the 41–50-year age range. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent type of cervical cancer. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were the most frequently diagnosed precancerous cervical lesions. The most common benign cervical lesions were endocervical polyps.

Recommendation
We recommend educating the community to improve health-seeking behavior and on possible preventive strategies for cervical cancer.
Visual outcomes of intraocular inflammation after brolucizumab injection in Japanese patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Hirono Kazushi , Maruyama-Inoue Maiko , Yanagi Yasuo , Kadonosono Kazuaki 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThis study investigates the visual outcomes of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients who developed intraocular inflammation (IOI) after intravitreal brolucizumab injection (IVBr).MethodsWe studied 285 eyes of 279 cases diagnosed with nAMD and focused on 18 eyes (6.3%) of 17 cases which developed IOI after IVBr. IVBr was performed either on the initial treatment or for switching of other anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents during January 2020 to December 2021. We evaluated clinical features and the course of treatment of a 6-month follow-up after IOI occurred.ResultsOf 17 cases, 9 cases were male, 8 cases were female. Baseline logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.36, BCVA before IOI occurred was 0.30, and BCVA when IOI occurred was 0.43. 16 eyes (88.9%) had symptoms such as visual loss or floaters when IOI occurred. On the other hand, the remaining 2 eyes (11.1%) had no symptoms. 11 eyes (61.1%) had only IOI, while the remaining 7 eyes (38.9%) had IOI and perivascular sheathing. Steroid sub-tenon injection was performed on 1 eye (5.6%), steroid eye drops were used in 11 eyes (61.1%), and 6 eyes (33.3%) were followed-up without treatment. Neovascular AMD recurred in 16 eyes (88.9%) after IOI occurred and were treated with aflibercept. VA at 3 and 6 months after IOI occurred were significantly improved to 0.34 and 0.30, respectively (P= 0.09 at 3 months andP= 0.02 at 6 months). The symptoms of patients were improved in all cases. We were able to stop steroid treatment in all cases.ConclusionsIOI occurred in 6.3% of nAMD patients after IVBr treatment. All of which showed significant improvement from logMAR of 0.43 to 0.30 with steroid treatment or without any treatment. We should consider the possibility of IOI after IVBr as a complication, however, they have a relatively good prognosis if treated at an early stage.
Refractory Ulcerative Colitis With Associated Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, Osteitis Syndrome Successfully Treated With Tofacitinib
Authors: Kim Bryan J. , Thiemann Anna , Dietz Brett , Beck Kendall 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare inflammatory condition associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Limited data exist on standardized management. We report a case of refractory SAPHO syndrome and ulcerative colitis (UC) treated successfully with tofacitinib. A 54-year-old man with UC presented with an intractable headache. A diagnosis of SAPHO syndrome was made based on the finding of sterile osteitis in the skull base and persistent severe UC. Symptoms, imaging, and endoscopy revealed persistent UC and osteitis despite multiple therapies. Tofacitinib was initiated and clinical remission was achieved. Tofacitinib is an effective treatment of refractory inflammatory bowel disease and SAPHO syndrome.
Unusual Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to a Neuroendocrine Tumor Arising in Meckel Diverticulum
Authors: Eberly Katherine Elizabeth , Martinez Jasmin , Sardana Nitin 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Meckel diverticulum is the most common congenital variation of the gastrointestinal tract arising from incomplete obliteration of the vitelline duct during gestation. In most cases, individuals are asymptomatic. This is a case of a 38-year-old patient with hematochezia in whom Meckel diverticulum was diagnosed. A mass was identified within the diverticulum. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies revealed a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. The development of tumors in Meckel diverticulum is rare, and when identified, only 0.5%–3.2% of these tumors are found to be malignant. Furthermore, gastrointestinal bleeding is an infrequent clinical feature of neuroendocrine tumors. A unique aspect of this case was that numerous imaging studies and endoscopic procedures were unable to definitively identify the presence of Meckle diverticulum and underlying neuroendocrine tumor. Through a high clinical suspicion and collaboration with surgical colleagues, an exploratory laparotomy was performed, which ultimately led to the identification and diagnosis of the underlying pathology.
Det som ikke vises
Authors: Takle Cecilie 
Published: April 2024

Theme: Motherhood and Mothering. Ill. ©Stina Wirsén
That Which Is Not Shown: Buster’s Mother in the Book and on Screen
This article is a study of mother characters in the stories about Buster Oregon Mortensen, as they are portrayed in books and on screen. The children’s book Busters verden (Buster’s World) by Bjarne Reuter was published in 1979 and it has later been adapted into two movies with different directors. I investigate the portrayal of Buster’s mother in the three versions of the story and how she changes as a character in the adaptations. Through adaptation analysis I explore the various expectations of her as a mother, and how her social circumstances affect her ability to protect and raise her children. By studying how Buster’s mother is portrayed in different media expressions produced over forty-two years, I demonstrate how each narrative addresses children regarding the topic of motherhood. In the book the mother is presented as a victim of abuse and violence who is exhausted and annoyed, while in the first film she is portrayed as a quiet figure who mostly remains a neutral character in the background, and in the second she is absent due to her own studies.
Inconsequential role for chemerin‐like receptor 1 in the manifestation of ozone‐induced lung pathophysiology in male mice
Authors: Johnston Richard A. , Pilkington Albert W. , Atkins Constance L. , Boots Theresa E. , Brown Philip L. , Jackson William T. , Spencer Chantal Y. , Siddiqui Saad R. , Haque Ikram U. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe executed this study to determine if chemerin‐like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), a Gi/o protein‐coupled receptor expressed by leukocytes and non‐leukocytes, contributes to the development of phenotypic features of non‐atopic asthma, including airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to acetyl‐β‐methylcholine chloride, lung hyperpermeability, airway epithelial cell desquamation, and lung inflammation. Accordingly, we quantified sequelae of non‐atopic asthma in wild‐type mice and mice incapable of expressing CMKLR1 (CMKLR1‐deficient mice) following cessation of acute inhalation exposure to either filtered room air (air) or ozone (O3), a criteria pollutant and non‐atopic asthma stimulus. Following exposure to air, lung elastic recoil and airway responsiveness were greater while the quantity of adiponectin, a multi‐functional adipocytokine, in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was lower in CMKLR1‐deficient as compared to wild‐type mice. Regardless of genotype, exposure to O3 caused AHR, lung hyperpermeability, airway epithelial cell desquamation, and lung inflammation. Nevertheless, except for minimal genotype‐related effects on lung hyperpermeability and BAL adiponectin, we observed no other genotype‐related differences following O3 exposure. In summary, we demonstrate that CMKLR1 limits the severity of innate airway responsiveness and lung elastic recoil but has a nominal effect on lung pathophysiology induced by acute exposure to O3.
Mechanism analysis and mixing characterization of variable-speed mechanical mixing enhancement
Authors: Lin Yuchen , Wang Shibo , Wang Hua , Xu Jianxin , Xiao Qingtai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In response to the observed phenomenon of poor fluid mixing within the reactor, this study proposes a novel mixing method to enhance fluid mixing efficiency. In this study, numerical simulation and purification tests were carried out for the purification of zinc sulfate solution. Numerical simulations were conducted to compare the effects of variable-speed stirring and uniform-speed stirring on mixing efficiency, considering both momentum transfer process and mass transfer process. The purification test further demonstrated a significant improvement in the reaction rate under variable-speed stirring, as evidenced by the analysis of purification efficiency and microscopic morphology. It was elaborated that the enhancement mechanism of variable-speed stirring involved disrupting the periodic order structure in the tank, leading to the generation of a multi-scale vortex that increased stirring kinetic energy to form a shear force. This force contributed to reducing the velocity slip between the impurity ions and zinc particles, consequently decreasing reaction time and enhancing purification rate. The results indicated that sinusoidal stirring yielded the most effective mixing. When implemented in practical production settings, it enhanced dimensionless mixing efficiency by 24.83 % compared to the homogeneous stirring system. Additionally, it reduced reaction time by 15.47 % and decreased mixing energy per unit volume by 32.38 %, while simultaneously lowering energy consumption by 24.77 %.
Investigation on the mechanical and moisture uptake properties of epoxy-Terminalia arjuna fiber natural composites containing nano-silica
Authors: Arumugam Karthick , Kaliannagounder Mylsamy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Natural composites are gaining attention among researchers due to its characteristics like low density, eco-friendliness, and cost-effectiveness. However, their performance falls short when compared to traditional materials, necessitating research focused on enhancing the strength of natural composites. The limited attention given by researchers to Terminalia arjuna fiber, a natural fiber, prompted an exploration to unveil novel scientific insights into Terminalia arjuna fiber-based composites. This study involved the creation of a natural composite through the hand layup process, combining Terminalia arjuna fiber and epoxy resin. Additionally, nanofiller like silica (SiO2) were introduced as reinforcing agents. Various materials were fabricated for different weight percentages of fiber and particles. The assessment covered mechanical and water absorption characteristics. The composite composed of epoxy with 30 wt% Terminalia arjuna and 2 wt% SiO2 showcased excellent mechanical properties, including high tensile strength (74 MPa), flexural strength (98 MPa), impact resistance (6.6 kJ/m2), and hardness (90 shore-d). Furthermore, it demonstrated minimal water absorption (18.4 % after 10 days). This research suggests that the epoxy/Terminalia arjuna/2 wt% SiO2 composite could be a preferred choice for industrial applications due to its outstanding performance.
Jacob’s Nightly Encounter at Peniel and the Status of the Son: Reading Genesis 32 with Athanasius
Authors: Bucur Bogdan G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper considers the theophany at Penuel-Peniel/Εἶδος Θεοῦ (Genesis 32) and its use by Athanasius of Alexandria. The biblical text itself is quite enigmatic, forcing the readers to entertain a variety of interpretive solutions. Athanasius continues, unsurprisingly, the venerable tradition of Christological exegesis – identifying, that is, the mysterious man with the Word of God incarnaturus – but seems to reinforce the inherited Christophanic exegesis by taking advantage of a textual ambiguity that only occurs in the LXX text. This further allows him to highlight, repeatedly, the dogmatic import of the biblical text, showing that, once the divine appearance to Jacob is understood Christologically, the theophany can only be accounted for by confessing the Son as “proper” (ἴδιος) to the Father, inseparable from him according to essential propriety (κατὰ τὴν ἰδιότητα τῆς οὐσίας), ὁμοούσιος with the Father.
Network security framework for Internet of medical things applications: A survey
Authors: Tarish Hiba A. , Hassan Rosilah , Ariffin Khairul Akram Zainol , Jaber Mustafa Musa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Limited device resources and an ever-changing cybersecurity landscape compound the challenges faced by the network protection infrastructure for Internet of medical things (IoMT) applications, which include different device ecosystems, privacy concerns, and problems with interoperability. Protecting private medical information in IoMT apps is challenging; a comprehensive strategy that provides user education, standard protocols, and robust security mechanisms is necessary to overcome these obstacles. With the advancement of IoMT, the network of clinical systems, gadgets, and sensors is integrated with the Internet of things (IoT) to enable intelligent healthcare solutions. However, the sensitive data sharing and the substantial connections in the IoMT systems raise security and privacy concerns in the network. Therefore, network security is critical in IoMT applications due to data breaches, vulnerabilities, and distributed denial of service attacks on medical data. This study reviews the network security techniques implemented in the existing studies for IoMT applications using machine learning and blockchain technology. This study presents an overview of IoMT healthcare applications by highlighting the security challenges encountered and the necessity of adopting advanced techniques to deal with complex threats. The research is mainly about how deep reinforcement learning (DRL), commonly used for intrusion detection, access control, and anomaly detection, works over time and how it can be used in IoMT applications. With the notion of providing robust security in IoMT applications, this study appraises the benefits of blockchain technology, such as data integrity, accountability, and confidentiality. Besides, this study addresses the limitations and challenges of various security techniques that IoMT systems employ. This work assesses the findings, research gaps, and future advancements for enhancing network security in IoMT applications. With an extensive analysis of existing research, this survey guides researchers, medical practitioners, and decision-makers to scale up the DRL and blockchain in IoMT systems more efficiently in the future.
Wavelength division multiplexing of free space optical system under the effect of oil fire smoke
Authors: Sabri Noor Wisam , Mohammed Firas S. , Abdul Razaq Asmaa A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, two wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) based free space optical (FSO) systems (single, multiple) are proposed and their performance is compared on the basis of Q-factor, eye opening diagrams and the total power of the received signal for different link distances under effect of oil fire smoke. The obtained results illustrate that the values of WDM single FSO of (1 km) distance exhibit good performance based on (Q-factor ≥ 6), but it was out of line performance at (2 km) FSO distance. The values of (1 km) distance exhibit good performance. On the other hand, the results of the FSO distance (2 km) indicate poor performance without signal loss. The presented results show that the eye opening for all the power values of (1 km) distance for both systems. Moreover, the eye opened only at the highest power value of (2 km) distance for single FSO systems. The eye opened partially at the lowest power of (2 km) distance and became fully opened at the mid-point and highest power values for multiple FSO systems. Thus, the proposed MIMO-FSO systems with multiplexes multiple optical carriers WDM demonstrates better results than SISO-FSO systems with WDM and the well knowing systems under similar atmospheric conditions.
Bias in the prenatal lung measurements in fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia with intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Aydın Emrah , Khanmammadova Narmina , Burns Patricia , Lim Foong-Yen , Habli Mounira A. , Peiró Jose Luis 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The failure of a fetus to develop to its full potential due to maternal or placental factors is known as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Fetal head growth is usually preserved in that situation producing a potential discordance between head and body size. Our goal is to discover if IUGR has an impact on the prenatal ultrasound measurements taken to assess pulmonary development in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods
A retrospective chart review (IRB#2017-6361) was performed on all prenatally diagnosed CDH patients from 2007 to 2016. Patient demographics, fetal and neonatal anthropometric measurements, and fetal lung parameters were the main subjects of the data that were gathered. Fetal growth was assessed by the curves based on US data by Olsen et al. and by Peleg et al. Of 147 CDH patients, 19 (12.9 %) patients were diagnosed with IUGR before the 30th gestational week while there were 20 (13.6 %) patients after the 30th gestational week.

Results
Patients with IUGR and the observed-to-expected lung-to-head ratio (O/E LHR) less than 25 % had better survival rates both to discharge and date compared to non IUGR group (p=0.226, OR 2.25 95 % CI 0.60–1.08 and p=0.175, OR 2.40 95 % CI 0.66–1.17, respectively). Moreover, the ECMO need of the patients who had IUGR and O/E LHR less than 25 % was significantly less than the patients without IUGR (38.5 vs. 80.0 %, p=0.005).

Conclusions
This study confirms that the intrauterine measurements to predict pulmonary hypoplasia in CDH patients are misleading in the presence of IUGR and cause an overestimation.