bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Papillary thyroid carcinoma with atypical histiocytoid cells on fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Harshan Manju , Crapanzano John P. , Aslan Deniz L. , Vazquez Madeline F. , Saqi Anjali 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAlthough papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) usually has classic cytological characteristics on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), it can present rarely with aberrant features resembling those of histiocytes in a cystic nodule. The aim of the current study was to describe PTC with atypical histiocytoid cells and distinguish it from benign histiocytes. A retrospective computerized search for FNAs with atypical features suggestive of PTC and cystic degeneration was performed, and if available, the corresponding resection specimens were compared. Four cases met the criteria for FNAs and three had surgical pathology follow‐up, which showed PTC. One aspirate had some features typical of PTC, but the remaining FNAs had atypical histiocytoid cells, which had traits intermediate between those of PTC and histiocytes. Large cell size, pseudoinclusions, nuclear grooves, and multiple well‐defined vacuoles in atypical histiocytoid cells favor PTC over benign histiocytes. Ancillary immunocytochemical studies can also be useful in confirming the diagnosis. Histiocytic cells are frequently present in thyroid aspirates, and occasionally, they have atypical features that represent an unusual presentation of PTC. Closer examination of these cells can provide diagnostic clues for preventing false‐negative diagnosis of PTC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A case of urothelial carcinoma with triple variants featuring nested, plasmacytoid, and lipoid cell morphology
Authors: Shimada Keiji , Nakamura Mitsutoshi , Konishi Noboru 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe present very rare variants of urothelial carcinoma featuring nested, plasmacytoid, and lipoid cell morphology in an 80‐year‐old female who was admitted to our hospital with mictritional pain and bilateral hydronephrosis. Abdominal computed tomography showed diffuse thickening of the urinary bladder, indicating probable invasion into the surrounding adipose tissue. Cytological tests on a urine specimen revealed medium‐sized cancer cell clusters with hyperchromatic nuclei and dense cytoplasm, small clusters of dyshesive cells with eccentric or crescent nuclei, and abundant or vacuolated cytoplasm mimicking plasma cells or lipoblasts. Histopathological findings of the bladder tumor revealed that the nested urothelial carcinoma variants were mainly located in the lamina propria, whereas the plasmacytoid and lipoid‐cell variants had deeply infiltrated into cells with a myxoid background. Immunohistochemically, the cancer cells were positive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, but not for vimentin, S‐100, or hematopoietic markers of plasma cells such as CD79α and CD38. The patient received no radiosurgical therapies because of the advanced stage of her disease and died a few months after the initial diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first cytological and histological examination of urothelial carcinoma consisting of nested, plasmacytoid, and lipoid‐cell variants of the urinary bladder. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic and immunocytochemical features of EBV negative primary effusion lymphoma: Report on seven Japanese cases
Authors: Kishimoto Koji , Kitamura Takashi , Hirayama Yoshiko , Tate Genshu , Mitsuya Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPrimary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is very rare type of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) usually confined to the body cavities such as the pleural space, pericardium, and peritoneum. PEL is a human herpes virus‐8 (HHV‐8)‐associated lymphoma and commonly observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients. However, HIV‐infected patients are extremely fewer in Japan in comparison with those in Western countries; PEL is usually not associated with HIV infection in Japan. This report presents seven Japanese cases of PEL. In situ hybridization revealed that the PEL cells were negative for EBV in all cases. An immunocytological analysis showed that only one case was positive for HHV‐8, and PEL cells were positive for CD20 in all cases. MUM1 was positive, but CD10 and CD138 were negative in six cases. One case each was positive for CD30 and BCL‐6. The phenotypic patterns of HIV‐related is BCL6−/MUM1+/CD138+, thus, the phenotypic findings observed by immunocytochemistry in this study were somehow different from those reported in Western countries. However, the cytomorphological features of PEL cells showed large cell size, abundant basophilic cytoplasm, coarse chromatin, and occasional binucleated or multinucleated cells, similar to a large cell immunoblastic and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, indicating that the cytomorphological characteristics of PE cells in Giemsa and Papanicolaou stain were consistent with those reported abroad. The prognosis for PEL in these cases was poor, but the survival time was variable ranging from 1 month to 54 months, and was different from that of Western cases. No p16/CDKN2A expression was observed, and one case showed PEL cells with a BLIMP1 mutation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decidualized endometrioma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology: A case report with immunocytochemical confirmation
Authors: El‐Gohary Yasser M. , Garcia Monica T. , Ganjei‐Azar Parvin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEndometriosis is defined as ectopic endometrial tissue which can respond to hormonal stimulation. Cutaneous endometriosis is a rare pathologic entity that can represent a clinical diagnostic challenge. We report a case of a decidualized endometrioma in a 24‐year old pregnant African American woman diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology and confirmed by immunocytochemistry using CD10, ER, and Calretinin. The awareness of the pathologist of the cytologic characteristics of this uncommon entity is important to avoid diagnostic pitfalls and unnecessary diagnostic interventions during pregnancy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imprint smear cytology of chondroblastic osteosarcoma: A case report
Authors: Mehdi Ghazala , Siddiqui Farhan , Maheshwari Veena , Khan Abdul Qayuum 
Published: February 2009

AbstractImprint cytology is gaining increasing popularity in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal lesions and in many patients; a definitive diagnosis can be rendered from aspiration smears alone. However, evaluation of tissue architecture is a major limitation and therefore cytological diagnosis has to be confirmed on histopathology. The authors take this opportunity to report a case of chondroblastic osteosarcoma occurring in the middle 1/3rd of the left thigh in a 35 year old male, diagnosed on imprint cytology and confirmed on histopatholgy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytodiagnosis of actinomycetoma
Authors: Fernandes Hilda , D'Souza Clement R. S. , Shekar Jayaprakash C. , Marla Nisha J. , Swethadri Gumballi K. , Naik Ramesh 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMycetoma is a late clinical manifestation of a subcutaneous infection produced by bacteria (actinomycetoma) or fungi (eumycetoma). The distinction between eumycetoma and actinomycetoma in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is as accurate as histopathology. A 55 year old man presented with a slow growing swelling on the plantar aspect of the right foot which was present for the last 10 years. A clinical diagnosis of soft tissue tumor was made and FNAC was advised. Smears revealed mixed inflammatory infiltrate and foreign body type of giant cells along with clumps of fibrillar organisms. Gram stain done later demonstrated gram positive thin branching filaments. A diagnosis of actinomycetoma was rendered. Histopathology of the excised specimen confirmed the cytologic diagnosis of actinomycetoma. Mycetoma can be accurately diagnosed by FNAC, which is a simple, inexpensive technique for rapid diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medium‐chain fatty acids ameliorate insulin resistance caused by high‐fat diets in rats
Authors: Wein Silvia , Wolffram Siegfried , Schrezenmeir Jürgen , Gašperiková Daniela , Klimeš Iwar , Šeböková Elena 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackground High dietary intake of saturated fat impairs insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. The influence of fatty acid chain length, however, is not yet fully understood, but evidence exists for different effects of saturated long‐chain (LC) versus saturated medium‐chain (MC) fatty acids (FA).Methods To investigate the effects of the FA chain length, male Wistar rats were fed high‐fat diets containing triacylglycerols composed of either MC‐ or LCFA for 4 weeks; rats fed maintenance diet served as a control. The animals underwent euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamping or oral metabolic tolerance testing respectively; enzyme activities of mitochondrial (EC2.3.1.21 carnitine palmitoyl transferase) and peroxisomal (EC1.3.3.6 acyl‐CoA oxidase) FA oxidation were measured in liver and muscle.Results LCFA consumption resulted in higher fasted serum insulin and glucose concentrations compared to controls, while MCFA‐fed animals did not differ from controls. Insulin sensitivity was reduced by 30% in the LCFA group while the MCFA group did not differ from controls. Feeding MCFA resulted in the controls' lowered fasted and post‐prandial triacylglycerol concentration compared to LCFA, while triacylglycerol concentrations in muscle were higher in both high‐fat groups compared to controls. No diet‐induced changes were found in acyl‐CoA oxidase (ACO) activity (liver and muscle), while LCFA feeding significantly raised carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity.Conclusions The chain length of saturated fatty acids in isocaloric diets affects insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation without influencing body weight. While dietary LCFA clearly impair insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism, MCFA seem to protect from lipotoxicity and subsequent insulin resistance without caloric restriction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivity of a Super‐Electron‐Rich Olefin Derived from Cyclam
Authors: Lappert Michael F. , Álvarez Santiago , Aullón Gabriel , Fandos Rosa , Otero Antonio , Rodríguez Ana , Rojas Sergio , Terreros Pilar 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA series of new compounds has been synthesised from an electron‐rich olefin derived from cyclam (A). Thus, A reacts with oxygen gas to give the syn‐bis(urea) 1 and with sulfur to yield the anti‐bis(thiourea) 2. The reaction of A with triflic acid furnishes the bis(imidazolium) triflate 3, which gives the monoprotonated imidazolium salt 4 upon treatment with sodium tetraphenylborate in water. Theoretical calculations (DFT) predict the diprotonated species to be energetically disfavoured, thus demonstrating the importance of hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Treatment of compound 3 with silver oxide affords the di‐ and monoprotonated cationic salts 5a and 5b in THF and dichloromethane, respectively. The molecular structures of compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5a and 5b have been established by X‐ray diffraction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Cap‐Assisted Synthesis of Hetero‐Trifunctional Cyclodextrins, from Flamingo Cap to Bascule Bridge
Authors: Sollogoub Matthieu 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis microreview focuses on the use of cyclodextrin‐capping for the selective synthesis of cyclodextrins bearing three different functionalities. Three strategies have been employed and are discussed: dissymmetrical capping, regioselective opening of a symmetrical cap, and the more efficient cap‐oriented regioselective deprotection. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis of the C11–C23 Fragment of the Potent Antitumor Agent Dictyostatin
Authors: Dias Luiz C. , Lima Dimas J. P. , Gonçalves Caroline C. S. , Andricopulo Adriano D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe wish to report here our initial efforts toward the total synthesis of the potent antitumor agent dictyostatin, describing a short and efficient synthesis of the C11–C23 fragment. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Continuous‐Flow Microreactor Chemistry under High‐Temperature/Pressure Conditions
Authors: Razzaq Tahseen , Glasnov Toma N. , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHigh‐temperature organic synthesis can be performed under continuous‐flow conditions in a stainless steel microtubular flow reactor capable of achieving temperatures of 350 °C and 200 bar. Under these extreme experimental environments transformations normally performed in a high‐boiling solvent at reflux temperature – or under sealed‐vessel microwave conditions – can be readily converted to a flow regime by using lower boiling solvents in or near their supercritical state.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The Fabrication of Structurally Multiordered Polyaniline Films and Their Application in Electrochemical Sensing and Biosensing
Authors: Kazimierska Ewa , Muchindu Munkombwe , Morrin Aoife , Iwuoha Emmanuel , Smyth Malcolm R. , Killard Anthony J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractStructurally multiordered thin films composed of conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) were fabricated on home‐made screen‐printed carbon electrodes (SPEs). Formation of monolayered sulfate‐ or amine‐modified PS templates on bulk polyaniline was assisted by various polyelectrolytes – negatively charged poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). Additional layers of PANI with controlled thickness were electrodeposited on the templated PANI‐SPEs. Different morphologies of the outermost PANI films were obtained including PS‐PANI core‐shell and PS‐PANI composites. It is shown that the surface charge of PS templates determines different mechanisms of polymer growth, which results in the above structures. The fact that nanostructured PANI films are grown on bulk PANI significantly increases the surface area and enhances the catalytic properties of such films. Removal of template particles by dissolving in toluene resulted in PANI hollow spheres and dimpled, semi‐porous PANI films, respectively. As‐prepared electrodes were used for the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite. Upon further modifications with horseradish peroxidase, a biosensor was developed which could be used for the amperometric determination of H2O2. In the case of both analytes, catalytic responses were obtained only on multiordered PANI films. Difference in responses have been explained in terms of different morphologies and the different thickness of the outermost layers of PANI.
Effect of ultrasound‐assisted maceration on the quality of oil from the leaves of thyme Thymus vulgaris L.
Authors: Kowalski Radosław , Wawrzykowski Jacek 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate whether preliminary ultrasound‐assisted maceration (UAM) has positive effects on quantitative essential oil separation from leaves of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Moreover, the present work compares the chemical, qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oils obtained from thyme through steam distillation preceded by preliminary classical maceration (CM) in water and UAM over periods of 10, 20, 60 and 120 mins. The 20 min UAM significantly affected the increase of distilled oil yield (about 9%) as compared to the control sample (not modified by maceration or sonification). Longer UAM processing did not have considerable effects on the oil yield achieved from the material studied. The content of the main components received from the oil was also examined. Changes in composition of the essential oil obtained from steam distillation after preliminary maceration were within the range of requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia. After 120 min of CM and UAM, a decrease of thymol by respectively 6% and 12%, carvacrol at respectively 9% and 14%, p‐cymene at respectively 14% and 17%, and an increase of γ‐terpinene concentration at respectively 53% and 35% was noted in the essential oil. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of daily caffeine use on cerebral blood flow: How much caffeine can we tolerate?
Authors: Addicott Merideth A. , Yang Lucie L. , Peiffer Ann M. , Burnett Luke R. , Burdette Jonathan H. , Chen Michael Y. , Hayasaka Satoru , Kraft Robert A. , Maldjian Joseph A. , Laurienti Paul J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCaffeine is a commonly used neurostimulant that also produces cerebral vasoconstriction by antagonizing adenosine receptors. Chronic caffeine use results in an adaptation of the vascular adenosine receptor system presumably to compensate for the vasoconstrictive effects of caffeine. We investigated the effects of caffeine on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in increasing levels of chronic caffeine use. Low (mean = 45 mg/day), moderate (mean = 405 mg/day), and high (mean = 950 mg/day) caffeine users underwent quantitative perfusion magnetic resonance imaging on four separate occasions: twice in a caffeine abstinent state (abstained state) and twice in a caffeinated state following their normal caffeine use (native state). In each state, there were two drug conditions: participants received either caffeine (250 mg) or placebo. Gray matter CBF was tested with repeated‐measures analysis of variance using caffeine use as a between‐subjects factor, and correlational analyses were conducted between CBF and caffeine use. Caffeine reduced CBF by an average of 27% across both caffeine states. In the abstained placebo condition, moderate and high users had similarly greater CBF than low users; but in the native placebo condition, the high users had a trend towards less CBF than the low and moderate users. Our results suggest a limited ability of the cerebrovascular adenosine system to compensate for high amounts of daily caffeine use. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iterative diagonalization for orbital optimization in natural orbital functional theory
Authors: Piris M. , Ugalde J. M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA challenging task in natural orbital functional theory is to find an efficient procedure for doing orbital optimization. Procedures based on diagonalization techniques have confirmed its practical value since the resulting orbitals are automatically orthogonal. In this work, a new procedure is introduced, which yields the natural orbitals by iterative diagonalization of a Hermitian matrix F. The off‐diagonal elements of the latter are determined explicitly from the hermiticity of the matrix of the Lagrange multipliers. An expression for diagonal elements is absent so a generalized Fockian is undefined in the conventional sense, nevertheless, they may be determined from an aufbau principle. Thus, the diagonal elements are obtained iteratively considering as starting values those coming from a single diagonalization of the matrix of the Lagrange multipliers calculated with the Hartree‐Fock orbitals after the occupation numbers have been optimized. The method has been tested on the G2/97 set of molecules for the Piris natural orbital functional. To help the convergence, we have implemented a variable scaling factor which avoids large values of the off‐diagonal elements of F. The elapsed times of the computations required by the proposed procedure are compared with a full sequential quadratic programming optimization, so that the efficiency of the method presented here is demonstrated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Review: Microscale methods for high‐throughput chromatography development in the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Chhatre Sunil , Titchener‐Hooker Nigel J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDemands within the pharmaceutical sector to cut costs and improve process efficiencies have grown considerably in recent years. Major challenges exist for companies trying to establish financially viable and robust manufacturing processes for increasingly complex therapeutics. These issues have driven the investigation of miniaturised process‐design techniques by which to identify suitable operating conditions using small volumes of feed material typical of that available in the early stages of bioprocess development. Such techniques are especially valuable for the optimisation of chromatographic separations, which often represent a significant percentage of manufacturing costs and hence for which there is a pressing need to determine the best operating policies. Several methods employing microlitre volumes of sample and resin have been explored recently, which are aimed at the high‐throughput and cost‐effective exploration of the design space for chromatographic separations. This methodology paper reviews these microscale approaches and describes how they work, gives examples of their application, discusses their advantages and disadvantages and provides a comparative assessment of the different methods, along with a summary of the challenges that remain to be overcome in relation to these techniques. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic basis of tooth agenesis
Authors: Nieminen Pekka 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTooth agenesis or hypodontia, failure to develop all normally developing teeth, is one of the most common developmental anomalies in man. Common forms, including third molar agenesis and hypodontia of one or more of the incisors and premolars, constitute the great majority of cases. They typically affect those teeth that develop latest in each tooth class and these teeth are also most commonly affected in more severe and rare types of tooth agenesis. Specific vulnerability of the last developing teeth suggests that agenesis reflects quantitative defects during dental development. So far molecular genetics has revealed the genetic background of only rare forms of tooth agenesis. Mutations in MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2 and EDA have been identified in familial severe agenesis (oligodontia) and mutations in many other genes have been identified in syndromes in which tooth agenesis is a regular feature. Heterozygous loss of function mutations in many genes reduce the gene dose, whereas e.g. in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EDA) the complete inactivation of the partially redundant signaling pathway reduces the signaling centers. Although these mechanisms involve quantitative disturbances, the phenotypes associated with mutations in different genes indicate that in addition to an overall reduction of odontogenic potential, tooth class‐specific and more complex mechanisms are also involved. Although several of the genes so far identified in rare forms of tooth agenesis are being studied as candidate genes of common third molar agenesis and incisor and premolar hypodontia, it is plausible that novel genes that contribute to these phenotypes will also become identified. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:320–342, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Critical illness polyneuromyopathy in a patient with disseminated cryptococcal infection
Authors: Wu Jenn‐Yu , Wu Shang‐Gin , Sun Hsin‐Yun , Kuo Ping‐Hung , Yang Pan‐Chyr 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCritical illness polyneuromyopathy is frequent in patients in intensive care units. We report a case of critical illness polyneuromyopathy in a patient with disseminated cryptococcal infection in an intensive care unit. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E3–E6. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.