bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effector enrichment by Candidatus Liberibacter promotes Diaphorina citri feeding via Jasmonic acid pathway suppression
Authors: Liu Hao , Deng Bin , Chen Feng‐Hao , Suo Jia‐Qi , Ouyang Ge‐Cheng , Lu Hui‐Lin , Chen Da‐Song , Meng Xiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCitrus huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) that affects the citrus industry. In nature, CLas relies primarily on Diaphorina citri Kuwayama as its vector for dissemination. After D. citri ingests CLas‐infected citrus, the pathogen infiltrates the insect's body, where it thrives, reproduces, and exerts regulatory control over the growth and metabolism of D. citri. Previous studies have shown that CLas alters the composition of proteins in the saliva of D. citri, but the functions of these proteins remain largely unknown.RESULTSIn this study, we detected two proteins (DcitSGP1 and DcitSGP3) with high expression levels in CLas‐infected D. citri. Quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis showed that the two proteins were highly expressed in the salivary glands and delivered into the host plant during feeding. Silencing the two genes significantly decreased the survival rate for D. citri, reduced phloem nutrition sucking and promoted jasmonic acid (JA) defenses in citrus. By contrast, after overexpressing the two genes in citrus, the expression levels of JA pathway‐associated genes decreased.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that CLas can indirectly suppress the defenses of citrus and support feeding by D. citri via increasing the levels of effectors in the insect's saliva. This discovery facilitates further research into the interaction between insect vectors and pathogens. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Insecticidal action of mammalian galectin‐1‐transfected Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Liao Zhen‐Hao , Shih Hsien‐Tzung , Dong Yaw‐Jen , Tseng Mei‐Jung , Wang Siou‐Hua , Chen Shiang‐Jiuun , Wu Shaw‐Jye , Huang Rong‐Nan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDGalectins (GALs) are a family of mammalian sugar‐binding proteins specific for β‐galactosides. Our previous studies have shown that the larval development of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is significantly disturbed when fed with recombinant mammalian galectin 1 (GAL1) derived from Escherichia coli. To further explore its applicability, two GAL1‐overexpressed Arabidopsis [GAL1‐Arabidopsis (whole plant) and GAL1‐Arabidopsis‐vas (vascular bundle‐specific)] lines were established for insecticidal activity and mechanism studies.RESULTSThe expression level of GAL1 in transgenic Arabidopsis is 1–0.5% (GAL1‐Arabidopsis) and 0.08–0.01% (GAL1‐Arabidopsis‐vas) of total leaf soluble protein. Survival, body weight, and food consumption significantly decreased in a time‐dependent manner in P. xylostella larvae (with chewing mouthparts) fed on GAL1‐Arabidopsis. The mortality of Kolla paulula (with piercing‐sucking mouthparts and xylem feeder) fed on GAL1‐Arabidopsis‐vas was also significantly higher than that fed on wild‐type Arabidopsis (WT‐Arabidopsis), but was lower than that fed on GAL1‐Arabidopsis. The histochemical structure and results of immunostaining suggested that the binding of GAL1 to the midgut epithelium of P. xylostella fed on GAL1‐Arabidopsis was dose‐ and time‐dependent. Ultrastructural studies further showed the disruption of microvilli, abnormalities in epithelial cells, and fragments of the peritrophic membrane (PM) in P. xylostella larvae fed on GAL1‐Arabidopsis.CONCLUSIONThe insecticidal mechanism of GAL1 involves interference with PM integrity and suggests that GAL1 is a potential candidate for bioinsecticide development. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Time‐to‐event estimands and loss to follow‐up in oncology in light of the estimands guidance
Authors: Siegel Jonathan M. , Weber Hans‐Jochen , Englert Stefan , Liu Feng , Casey Michelle ,   the Pharmaceutical Industry Working Group on Estimands in Oncology
Published: March 2024

AbstractTime‐to‐event estimands are central to many oncology clinical trials. The estimands framework (addendum to the ICH E9 guideline) calls for precisely defining the treatment effect of interest to align with the clinical question of interest and requires predefining the handling of intercurrent events (ICEs) that occur after treatment initiation and “affect either the interpretation or the existence of the measurements associated with the clinical question of interest.” We discuss a practical problem in clinical trial design and execution, that is, in some clinical contexts it is not feasible to systematically follow patients to an event of interest. Loss to follow‐up in the presence of intercurrent events can affect the meaning and interpretation of the study results. We provide recommendations for trial design, stressing the need for close alignment of the clinical question of interest and study design, impact on data collection, and other practical implications. When patients cannot be systematically followed, compromise may be necessary to select the best available estimand that can be feasibly estimated under the circumstances. We discuss the use of sensitivity and supplementary analyses to examine assumptions of interest.
Effects of sceptical priors on the performance of adaptive clinical trials with binary outcomes.
Authors: Granholm Anders , Lange Theis , Harhay Michael O. , Perner Anders , Møller Morten Hylander , Kaas‐Hansen Benjamin Skov 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is unclear how sceptical priors impact adaptive trials. We assessed the influence of priors expressing a spectrum of scepticism on the performance of several Bayesian, multi‐stage, adaptive clinical trial designs using binary outcomes under different clinical scenarios. Simulations were conducted using fixed stopping rules and stopping rules calibrated to keep type 1 error rates at approximately 5%. We assessed total sample sizes, event rates, event counts, probabilities of conclusiveness and selecting the best arm, root mean squared errors (RMSEs) of the estimated treatment effect in the selected arms, and ideal design percentages (IDPs; which combines arm selection probabilities, power, and consequences of selecting inferior arms), with RMSEs and IDPs estimated in conclusive trials only and after selecting the control arm in inconclusive trials. Using fixed stopping rules, increasingly sceptical priors led to larger sample sizes, more events, higher IDPs in simulations ending in superiority, and lower RMSEs, lower probabilities of conclusiveness/selecting the best arm, and lower IDPs when selecting controls in inconclusive simulations. With calibrated stopping rules, the effects of increased scepticism on sample sizes and event counts were attenuated, and increased scepticism increased the probabilities of conclusiveness/selecting the best arm and IDPs when selecting controls in inconclusive simulations without substantially increasing sample sizes. Results from trial designs with gentle adaptation and non‐informative priors resembled those from designs with more aggressive adaptation using weakly‐to‐moderately sceptical priors. In conclusion, the use of somewhat sceptical priors in adaptive trial designs with binary outcomes seems reasonable when considering multiple performance metrics simultaneously.
Observed patterns of surface solar irradiance under cloudy and clear‐sky conditions
Authors: Mol Wouter , Heusinkveld Bert , Mangan Mary Rose , Hartogensis Oscar , Veerman Menno , van Heerwaarden Chiel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSurface solar irradiance varies on scales as small as seconds or metres. This variability is driven mostly by wavelength‐dependent scattering by clouds, and to a lesser extent by aerosols and water vapour. The highly variable nature of solar irradiance is not resolved by most atmospheric models, yet it affects, most notably, the land–atmosphere coupling and the quality of solar energy forecasting. Characterising variability, understanding the mechanisms, and developing models capable of resolving it accurately requires spatially and spectrally resolved observational datasets of solar irradiance at high resolution, which are rare. In 2021, we deployed a network of low‐cost radiometers in the Field Experiment on submesoscale spatio‐temporal variability in Lindenberg (FESSTVaL, Germany) and Land surface Interactions with the Atmosphere over the Iberian Semi‐arid Environment (LIAISE, Spain) field campaigns to gather data on cloud‐driven surface patterns of irradiance, including spectral effects, with the aim of addressing this gap in observations and understanding. We find in case studies of cumulus, altocumulus, and cirrus clouds that these clouds generate large spatiotemporal variability in irradiance, but through different mechanisms and at different spatial scales, ranging from 50 m to 30 km. Spectral irradiance in the visible range varies at similar scales, with significant blue enrichment in cloud shadows, most strongly for cumulus, and red enrichment in irradiance peaks, particularly in the case of semitransparent clouds or near cumulus cloud edges. Under clear‐sky conditions, solar irradiance varies significantly in water‐vapour absorption bands at the minute scale, due to variability in atmospheric moisture in the boundary layer. With this study, we show that observing detailed spatiotemporal irradiance patterns is possible using a relatively small, low‐cost sensor network, and that such network observations can provide insight and validation for the development of models capable of resolving irradiance variability.
Validity and reliability of Sarcopenia Quality of Life® Indonesia questionnaire in sarcopenic patients
Authors: Ariane Anna , Laksmi Purwita W. , Setiati Siti , Hidayat Rudy , Kusumo‐Wibowo Suryo Anggoro , Sumariyono  , Mahri Fadhli , Tanadi Caroline , Beaudart Charlotte 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia significantly impairs quality of life (QoL). The Sarcopenia Quality of Life® (SarQol®) questionnaire provides a sarcopenia‐specific instrument for the assessment of QoL. The aim of this study was to cross‐culturally adapt the SarQol® to an Indonesian language questionnaire and to confirm its validity and reliability as a tool to measure QoL in Indonesian‐speaking elderly patients with sarcopenia.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study translated and cross‐culturally adapted the SarQol® questionnaire, followed by evaluating the psychometric properties of the final cross‐culturally adapted SarQol® Indonesia questionnaire.ResultsFifty‐nine elderly Indonesian subjects (29 sarcopenic and 30 nonsarcopenic) with a mean age of 72.2 ± 6.3 years were included in this study. SarQol® Indonesia questionnaire overall provides a good discriminative value [60.61 ± 14.34 vs. 73.60 ± 13.17, p = 0.001], good internal consistency (Cronbach's ⍺ coefficient = 0.896 and McDonald's ⍵ coefficient = 0.906, both with good correlation to the questionnaire individual domains), acceptable construct validity, and good test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.962 [95% confidence interval: 0.883–0.987]).ConclusionsThe SarQol® Indonesia questionnaire provides a conceptual and literally equivalent questionnaire content to its original source with good discriminative value, good internal consistency, acceptable construct validity, and good test–retest reliability. The SarQol® Indonesia questionnaire is ready to be used to measure QoL in Indonesian elderly sarcopenic individuals.
Bank erosion and erosion processes from dendrogeomorphology in southern U.S. prairie streams
Authors: White Joseph D. , Allen Peter M. , Norair Stephen G. , Barber Samuel T. , Dunbar John , Gao Jungang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStreambank erosion processes influence the amount of soil material contributed to rivers and sedimentation rates in receiving reservoirs. However, the amount of data on bank erosion rates is limited both in range and extent affecting planning for mitigation and watershed management. Dendrogeomorphology is used to determine the date of wood anatomy changes in annual growth increments of roots exposed by erosion of stream banks that when coupled with measurement of the distance of roots to the channel side can be used to calculate the bank retreat rate. Erosion rates derived from dendrogeomorphology are important because these provide erosion data over longer time scales (decades). Here, we use this method to quantify erosion for three different sized watersheds (4 to 3781 km2) located in the water‐scarce southern U.S. prairies that are heavily reliant on surface water and reservoir storage. From 49 roots from the two smaller drainages, erosion ranged from 1.5 to 25.4. For 19 roots collected from the larger subbasin erosion rates were larger ranging from 7.4 to 325.0 cm/years with the larger values and variance associated with two high‐flow events that occurred a year before sampling. We also found differences in straight and meandering portions of the streams where the distance to bank was strongly and positively correlated with the years since root exposure in straight sections. In contrast, meandering bends also showed a positive but low correlation for root exposure date and distance collected. We attribute this difference to erosional processes (i.e., scour and mass wasting) occurring at these channel locations. When compared with other erosion studies across the southern U.S. prairie, our values were similar in magnitude but with low correlation to drainage area indicating site specificity of erosion mechanisms, and watershed landcover influence for different drainages, despite being in the same ecological region.
Spring forth diversity: Specialist species contribute to the conservation value of headwater springs and streams at the landscape scale
Authors: Kabir Jamal , Biondi Giulio , Gething Kieran J. , Aspin Thomas , Sykes Tim , Stubbington Rachel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHeadwater springs and streams often occur in relatively remote areas, reducing their exposure to human influences and thus increasing their collective capacity to support high biodiversity. Their aquatic macroinvertebrate communities can include species of conservation interest, some of which are specialists associated with groundwater inputs, low water temperature or temporary flow. However, the inaccessibility of some spring and stream networks has left their communities poorly characterized, limiting our capacity to implement effective conservation strategies. We characterized the biodiversity and conservation value of macroinvertebrate communities in a network of 51 relatively inaccessible and unimpacted headwater spring and stream sites spanning multiple catchments in a single landscape type: the chalk downland of south England. At each site, we kick sampled macroinvertebrate communities and recorded environmental variables, including flow permanence. To represent each community, we calculated taxa richness, coverage‐adjusted Hill‐Shannon diversity, the local contribution to beta diversity, and an index of richness and species rarity. We used the latter three metrics to rank sites based on their biodiversity and conservation value and analyzed relationships between metrics and environmental variables. We found specialists of springs, cold waters, groundwaters and temporary flow regimes, including rare species of conservation value. Some metrics responded to environmental variables, but top‐ranking sites had highly variable environmental characteristics. We highlight the value of individual headwater streams with contrasting characteristics as contributors to ecologically heterogeneous site networks. Our results can inform landscape‐scale management strategies that protect headwaters as refuges that support biodiverse communities, including rare species, as they adapt to global change.
Navigating sustainability: Unveiling the interconnected dynamics of ESG factors and SDGs in BRICS‐11
Authors: Işık Cem , Ongan Serdar , Islam Hasibul , Pinzon Stefania , Jabeen Gul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the impacts of ESG (environmental, social, and governance) factors on sustainable development goals (SDGs) for BRICS‐11 countries. The AMG, FMOLS, DOLS, and ARDL models are applied. While we found negative impacts of environmental factors (ENVf) on SDGs for Argentina, Ethiopia, and China, we found positive impacts of social factors (SOCf) on SDGs for South Africa and Argentina. Additionally, while we found positive impacts of governance factors (GOVNf) on SDGs for Ethiopia, Iran, and Saudi Arabia, we found negative impacts for the United Arab Emirates. No significant relationships were found between ENVf, SOCf, and GOVNf on SDGs for Brazil, Russia, India, and Egypt. These findings highlight the nuanced impacts of ESG factors on SDGs, providing valuable insights for policymakers and emphasizing the need for country‐specific sustainable development strategies. The negative environmental impact on SDGs in Argentina, Ethiopia, and China suggests that environmental degradation may hinder sustainable development, underscoring the importance of balancing economic growth and environmental sustainability. This result can also be interpreted through the Pollution Haven Hypothesis, which posits that developing countries may attract more foreign investments in pollution‐intensive industries due to their less stringent environmental regulations.
Impacts of emission trading scheme in Vietnam: A perspective of revenue redistributions
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Thao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith ambitious emission reduction targets presented in the international commitments, Vietnam has a pathway to implement an emission trading scheme (ETS) to curb its carbon emissions. However, research on the impacts of ETS in Vietnam is still unclear, especially since there is no study on ETS revenue redistribution policies. By developing a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, this paper simulates the potential impacts of the ETS with different revenue redistribution options. The results indicate that to achieve Vietnam's target of 15.8% carbon emission reduction, the carbon price would significantly affect the economy with a GDP drop of 3.7% and a welfare loss of 2.89% of GDP. The revenue redistribution policies would lighten these negative impacts. While transferring to government activities reduces GDP loss, reducing income tax policy results in welfare improvement. At the sectoral level, the electricity sector is most negatively affected and also plays a key role in reducing carbon emissions in Vietnam. The revenue redistribution for government activities could improve outputs for the construction and some heavy industries while the revenue redistribution policy for households creates improvements for light industries and the electricity industry.
High Performance Proprioceptive Fiber Actuators Based on Ag Nanoparticles‐Incorporated Hybrid Twisted and Coiled System
Authors: Noh Seungbeom , Kim Jinho , Kim Hwajoong , Lee Muguen , Kim Namjung , Ryu Hyeji , Lee Jaehong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThermally driven fiber actuators are emerging as promising tools for a range of robotic applications, encompassing soft and wearable robots, muscle function restoration, assistive systems, and physical augmentation. Yet, to realize their full potential in practical applications, several challenges, such as a high operational temperature, incorporation of intrinsic self‐sensing capabilities for closed‐loop feedback control, and reliance on bulky, intricate actuation systems, must be addressed. Here, an Ag nanoparticles‐based twisted and coiled fiber actuator that achieves a high contractile actuation of ≈36% is reported at a considerably low operational temperature of ≈83 °C based on a synergistic effect of constituent fiber elements with low glass transition temperatures. The fiber actuator can monitor its contractile actuation in real‐time based on the piezoresistive properties inherent to its Ag‐based conductive region, demonstrating its proprioceptive sensing capability. By exploiting this capability, the proprioceptive fiber actuator adeptly maintains its intended contractile behavior, even when faced with unplanned external disturbances. To demonstrate the capabilities of the fiber actuator, this study integrates it into a closed‐loop feedback‐controlled bionic arm as an artificial muscle, offering fresh perspectives on the future development of intelligent wearable devices and soft robotic systems.
Electron Redistribution of Ru Site on MoO2@NiMoO4 Support for Efficient Ampere‐Level Current Density Electrolysis of Alkaline Seawater
Authors: Wang Lin , Chen Yue , Liu Yingnan , Dai Qizhou , Chen Zhengfei , Yang Xiaoxuan , Luo Yansong , Li Zhongjian , Yang Bin , Zheng Menglian , Lei Lecheng , Hou Yang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSeawater electrolysis is a promising but challenging strategy to generate carbon‐neutral hydrogen. A grand challenge for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from alkaline seawater electrolysis is the development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts to overcome the limitation of sluggish kinetics. Here, a 3D nanorod hybrid catalyst is reported, which comprises heterostructure MoO2@NiMoO4 supported Ru nanoparticles (Ru/ MoO2@NiMoO4) with a size of ≈5 nm. Benefitting from the effect of strongly coupled interaction, Ru/MoO2@NiMoO4 catalyst exhibits a remarkable alkaline seawater hydrogen evolution performance, featured by a low overpotential of 184 mV at a current density of 1.0 A cm−2, superior to commercial Pt/C (338 mV). Experimental observations demonstrate that the heterostructure MoO2@NiMoO4 as an electron‐accepting support makes the electron transfer from the Ru nanoparticles to MoO2, and thereby implements the electron redistribution of Ru site. Mechanistic analysis elucidates that the electron redistribution of active Ru site enhances the ability of hydrogen desorption, thereby promoting alkaline seawater HER kinetics and finally leading to a satisfactory catalysis performance at ampere‐level current density of alkaline seawater electrolysis.
Needlestick‐Stimulation‐Induced Conversion of Short‐Wave Infrared‐Light Transparency Using a Liquescent Radical Anion
Authors: Shu Ruifeng , Naota Takeshi , Suzuki Shuichi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA liquescent salt consisting of a 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanquinodimethane (TCNQ) radical anion and a tetra‐n‐decylammonium ion, 1+•TCNQ•−, exhibits rapid changes in the short‐wave infrared (SWIR) light transparency at 1000–1400 nm upon the application of a one‐shot needlestick‐stimulus. Radical anion salt 1+•TCNQ•− transforms from a blue solid to a green liquid at 90 °C without decomposition under aerated conditions, and remains in the liquid state upon cooling to 70 °C. After applying pressure with a needlestick on a cover glass at 70 °C, the liquid transforms rapidly into the solid state over a timescale of seconds across a centimeter scale of area. Along with the liquid–solid transition, the SWIR‐light transparency at 1200 nm completely switches from the “on” to the “off” states. Experimental results, such as electronic spectra and crystal structure analysis, indicates that the SWIR‐light absorption in the solid state is due to the existence of a slipped‐stacking π‐dimer structure for TCNQ•−. The rapid rearrangement is induced by the formation of the π‐dimer structures from the monomers of TCNQ•− and the subsequent generations of the solid‐state seed.