bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal wastes-derived capped and bactericidal silver nanoparticles induce immuno-physiological responses in fish for multiple stress resilience in the One-Health Approach
Authors: Lamare Sowa o , Krishnani K K , Kumar Neeraj , Pathak Madhuri , Upadhyay Ajay , Sarkar Biplab , Verma AK , Chakraborty Puja , Chadha NK 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The present study elucidates the extracellular synthesis of capped silver nanoparticles using processing waste of sheep and swine by dispensing with addition of any capping agent and advantage of avoiding agglomeration and loss of nanosized characteristics of AgNPs. The synthesis of Ag-NPs was ascertained by UV-VIS spectrophotometry of yellowish-brown suspension at 400–410 nm. The Ag-NPs were further characterized using a HR-TEM, which confirmed that the Ag-NPs were primarily spherical and had a size range of 5-100 nm with a maximum frequency fall between 5–20 nm, 21–30 nm, 31–50 nm and a few falls within 51–100 nm. Ag-NPs synthesized using sheep and pig wastes are characterized by DLS, which confirmed the high stability of Ag-NPs with a zeta potential of -27 and − 32 mV respectively. Biomolecules and biological extracts of animal wastes act as biogenic reducing and capping agents. Based on the zone of inhibition, Ag-NPs biosynthesized using sheep waste showed high bactericidal properties against Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, and Micrococcus luteus as compared to swine waste-derived AgNPs. The chronic toxicity analysis of biosynthesized Ag-NPs on Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was carried out using stress biomarkers such as an antioxidant enzyme, AChE, and metabolic enzyme activity. Chronic toxicity of synthesized Ag-NPs was found to increase with increased sub-lethal ammonia concentration and temperature. The findings of this study revealed that biosynthesis of capped and non-agglomerated Ag-NPs can be undertaken by using animal wastes for their potential application in aquaculture based on the properties observed in characterization, bactericidal activity, and physiological responses of the fish.
A viral FLIP protein, E8, exogenously-expressed in the mesenchymal lineage of mice leads to bone malformations, lipoatrophy, and muscular atrophy
Authors: Sakamaki Kazuhiro , Yajima Nobuyuki , Okazaki Yasumasa , Toriumi Taku , Honda Masaki , Toyokuni Shinya , Arai Yoshinori 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The equine herpesvirus 2 E8 protein is a member of the viral FLIP family, and as such, it is a potent inhibitor of death receptor-induced apoptosis in cultured cells. To extend our study of the effects of E8 to animals, we generated a mouse model in which the progeny of a cross between two transgenic mice conditionally express E8 under the control of the collagen type I α2 chain (Col1α2) promoter, allowing us to monitor and characterize the effects of E8 expression in the mesenchymal cell lineage. We observed growth defects associated with irregular bone formation during development. In addition, adult animals exhibited both lipoatrophy-like and muscular atrophy-like symptoms. These abnormal phenotypes likely arise from incomplete differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. To examine this hypothesis in more detail, we expressed E8 in the mouse mesenchymal stem line C3H10T1/2 and performed a microarray analysis. Factors such as Nov/CCN3, STEAP4, and Ankrd1/CARP, which are involved in differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts, adipocytes and myoblasts were affected. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the constitutive expression of herpesvirus gene products in the mesenchymal progenitors affects differentiation into multiple cell lineages.
Treatment of severe adenovirus infection with HAdV-B21 in a young obese male with normal immunity
Authors: Zhang Xun , Shao Shifeng , Xiao Hong , Wang Zhen , Zhong Shili 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Adenovirus infections typically present mild to moderate symptoms in immunocompetent individuals. However, the emergence of severe adenovirus pneumonia, particularly with rare serotypes like Human Adenovirus B21 (HAdV-B21), in patients without underlying immunodeficiency challenges existing clinical paradigms and calls for novel treatment strategies.
Case Presentation: We report a case of severe adenovirus infection with HAdV-B21 in a 32-year-old severely obese yellow Asian race male with normal immunity. The patient was admitted with severe respiratory distress, including fever, cough, sputum production, and dyspnea, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. The oxygenation index was critically low at approximately 62mmHg. Traditional therapeutic interventions, including prone ventilation, hormonal anti-inflammatory therapy, and ribavirin antiviral therapy, were employed, leading to a successful outcome without needing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
Intervention and Outcome: The combined use of hormonal anti-inflammatory therapy and ribavirin antiviral treatment was pivotal in the patient's recovery. This approach facilitated the improvement of the patient's oxygenation index and eventual weaning from mechanical ventilation. The patient fully recovered, with adenovirus nucleic acid turning negative on the 13th day of treatment.
Conclusion: This case underscores the potential for severe adenovirus pneumonia in immunocompetent adults, especially with rare serotypes like HAdV-B21. The successful recovery of our patient highlights the efficacy of a combined hormonal and antiviral treatment strategy in managing severe adenovirus infections, offering valuable insights for future clinical management.
Transcriptomic study of acute nitrite stress on ovary development stages of river shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense)
Authors: Li Zhao , Li Huadong , Zhao Han , Zhao Zhongmeng , Zhang Lu , Mou Chengyan , Duan Yuanliang , Zhou Jian , Huang Zhipeng , Li Qiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
River shrimp (Macrobranchium nipponense) is a species of shrimp that is widely farmed in China. As the scale of farming expands, the demand for juvenile shrimp will also increase. Their ovarian development time is short, and they are easily affected by environmental factors. Nitrite is a common water pollutant. Excessive exogenous nitrite concentration can affect the gonad development of some animals. However, the effect of nitrite on ovarian development in crustaceans remains to be studied. This experiment conducted a transcriptomic study of ovaries in stage III of development by exposing M. nipponense (3.42 ± 0.12g) to nitrite in LC5048h (10.2 mg/L) for 48 hours. The results showed that the 11,592 differential genes (DEGs) included 3,243 up-regulated genes and 8,349 down-regulated genes. These DEGs are mainly enriched in pathways such as lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lysosomal pathway and vitellogenesis. In order to resist nitrite stress, energy supply needs to be enhanced, and the expression levels of carbohydrate metabolism pathways and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism pathways increase. in the lysosomal pathway. The expression levels of Cathepsin L (CTSL) and Lysosomal aspartic protease were down-regulated. The expression levels of genes related to vitellogenin formation, juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase (JHAMT), vitellogenin receptor (VgR), and vitellogenin 2 (Vg2) were down-regulated. This shows that nitrite stress inhibits the ovarian development of M. nipponense, and there may be a mechanism similar to that of fish in regulating ovarian development by nitrite.
Coexistence of ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity in 2D van der Waals multiferroic
Authors: Peng Bo , Wu Yangliu , Lu Haipeng , Han Xiaocang , Yang Chendi , Liu Nanshu , Zhao Xiaoxu , Qiao Liang , Ji Wei , Che Renchao , Deng Longjiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Multiferroic materials with a coexistence of ferroelectric and magnetic order have been intensively pursued to achieve the mutual control of electric and magnetic properties toward energy-efficient memory and logic devices. The breakthrough progress of 2D van der Waals magnet and ferroelectric encourages the exploration of low dimensional multiferroics, which holds the promise to understand inscrutable magnetoelectric coupling and invent advanced spintronic devices. However, confirming ferroelectricity with optical techniques is challenging on 2D materials, particularly in conjunction with antiferromagnetic orders in a single-layer multiferroic. The prerequisite of ferroelectric is the electrically switchable spontaneous electric polarizations, which must be proven through reliable and direct electrical measurements. Here we report the discovery of 2D vdW multiferroic with out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization in trilayer NiI2 device, as revealed by scanning reflective magnetic circular dichroism microscopy and ferroelectric hysteresis loop. The evolutions of between ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phase have been unambiguously observed. Moreover, the magnetoelectric interaction is directly probed by external electromagnetic field control of the multiferroic domains switching. This work opens up opportunities for exploring new multiferroic orders and multiferroic physics at the limit of single or few atomic layers, and for creating advanced magnetoelectronic devices.
Bone Mineral Density in a Shanghai Population Aged 40–60 Years
Authors: 陈 倩 , Liu Dan , Li Xuefei , Li Fangfang , Guo Suxia , Wang Shiyun , Yuan Weina , Chen Pinghua , Li Pan , Li Fangyu , Zhao Changwei , Min Wen , Hu Zhijun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To assess bone mineral density in middle-aged individuals in Shanghai, in order to improve awareness and screening and therefore delay bone loss and reduce osteoporotic fracture incidence.
Methods
The clinical data of 1107 permanent residents of Shanghai aged 40–60 years were collected using the cluster random sampling method. The sex, age, and body mass index of the population at different stages of bone mass loss were compared.
Results
The detection rate of low bone mass (osteopenia and osteoporosis) was 71.45%, and bone mineral density was correlated with sex, age, and body mass index (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The incidence of low bone mass is high in the assessed population; therefore, active screening and treatment of early osteoporosis should be conducted to minimize bone fractures.
m6A-modified PADI2 facilitates proliferation and Cisplatin-resistance of epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Yin Xinming , Zhou Jiamin , Zhao Shijie , Lu Minjun , Li Wenxin , Shang Junyu , Zhang Mengxue , Xing Jie , Lin Li , Lu Jingjing , Shi Xuyan , Zhu Xiaolan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective: Chemotherapy resistance remains a barrier to improving the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and among several novel approaches to overcome chemotherapy resistance, modulating N6- methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification was found to be an important strategy. However, the mechanism of m6A regulator genes in EOC chemotherapy resistance has not been fully elucidated.
Methods: We found out the target genes through bioinformatics and verified them through cell biology experiments, animal experiments, etc.
Results: Here, we found that Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 2 (PADI2) was upregulated and highly m6A methylated in EOC samples and correlated with poor outcome. PADI2 downregulation suppressed colony formation, cell proliferation and cisplatin (cDDP) resistance in EOC cells. Furthermore, we identified METTL3 as the m6A writer of PADI2 mRNA, YTHDF2 recognizes and binds m6A-methylated PADI2 mRNA, which augments the translation of PADI2, thus activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and facilitating cDDP resistance in EOC cells in vitro and vivo. In addition, METTL3 or YTHDF2 knockdown decreased the expression of PADI2 mRNA and suppressed tumor growth and cDDP resistance.
Conclusion: Collectively, we identified a novel mechanism underlying the induction of cDDP resistance and EOC progression by m6A-modified PADI2, which can serve as a target to develop therapeutics for EOC treatment.
The effectiveness of machine learning methods in the nonlinear coupled data assimilation
Authors: Xuan Ziying , Zheng Fei , Zhu Jiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Implementing the strongly coupled data assimilation (SCDA) in coupled earth system models remains big challenging, primarily due to accurately estimating the coupled cross background-error covariance. In this work, through simplified two-variable one-dimensional assimilation experiments focusing on the air-sea interactions over the tropical pacific, we aim to clarify that SCDA based on the variance-covariance correlation, such as the ensemble-based SCDA, is limited in handling the inherent nonlinear relations between cross-sphere variables and provides a background matrix containing linear information only. These limitations also lead to the analysis distributions deviating from the truth and miscalculating the strength of rare extreme events. However, free from linear or Gaussian assumptions, the application of the data-driven machine learning (ML) method, such as Multilayer Perceptron, on SCDA circumvents the expensive matrix operations by avoiding the explicit calculation of background matrix. This strategy presents comprehensively superior performance than the conventional ensemble-based assimilation strategy, particularly in representing the strongly-nonlinear relationships between cross-sphere variables and reproducing long-tailed distributions, which help capture the occurrence of small probability events. It is also demonstrated to be cost-effective and has great potential to generate a more accurate initial condition for coupled models, especially in facilitating prediction tasks of the extreme events.
Parallel Acceleration Algorithm for Wavelet Denoising of UAVAGS Data Based on CUDA
Authors: Xiong Chao , Wang Xin , Qiao Xin , Wang Xinjie , Qiu Xiaojian , Fu Zhen , Wu Hexi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The computational efficiency is low when the vast volume of unmanned aerial vehicle airborne gamma-ray spectrum (UAVAGS) data is handled by wavelet denoising in CPU. So, a CUDA-based GPU parallel solution is recommended to resolve this issue in this paper. This proposed solution aims to significantly enhance the efficiency of parallel acceleration for wavelet denoising of UAVAGS data. In the preliminary stage, experiments were conducted with varying block sizes to investigate the influence of different block sizes on processing time. The objective was to identify the most suitable block size for efficiently processing UAVAGS data. Subsequently, a performance evaluation was conducted by comparing the acceleration ratios of GPU and CPU for different data volumes, as well as varying wavelet basis functions under the same data volume conditions. Finally, by intentionally introducing noise, calculations were performed to determine the optimal wavelet basis function concerning signal-to-noise ratio after denoising. The research findings indicate that the optimal two-dimensional block size falls within the range of 64×64 to 128×128. The majority of wavelet basis functions achieved acceleration ratios exceeding 100-fold in total processing time, with the coif5 wavelet basis function reaching an acceleration ratio of 185-fold. Comparative analysis of various denoising functions revealed that, under low signal-to-noise ratios, these functions exhibited insufficient denoising effects, while at high signal-to-noise ratios, there was a risk of excessive denoising. However, significant denoising effects were observed when employing hard thresholding with coif5, soft thresholding, and an improved thresholding method with db3.
Low visibility underwater biological target detection based on YOLOV5s
Authors: Lin Huixian , Deng Haidong , Du Hong , Liu Yaohong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Underwater robots play an important role in aquatic organisms’ fishing , but the low visibility may lead to poor recognition of marine organisms’ fishing. To improve this issue, we propose an improved YOLOv5s model. Given the problem of excessive invalid information in underwater images, this method integrates a Coordinate Attention (CA) mechanism into the feature extraction network, enhances the feature extraction capability of the network, reduces feature redundancy , and helps the model locate underwater organism targets more quickly and accurately. At the same time, the Bi-directional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) is used to replace the Path Aggregation Network (PAN) structure, and the features of different scales are fused quickly. Finally, the Structured Intersection over Union (SIoU) loss function is introduced to replace the Complete IoU (CIoU) loss function as a new boundary frame loss function, which improves the convergence speed and accuracy of the model. The experimental results show that compared with other algorithms, the improved YOLOv5s algorithm has more advantages in accuracy and detection speed.
Epidemiological shift in hepatitis A causing diagnostic and treatment challenges in Ethiopia: A need for guideline and vaccine
Authors: Shewaye Abate Bane , Berhane Kaleb Assefa , Daniel Amsalework 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis A is an acute viral infection of the liver caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) that is acquired through the feco-oral route. It is ranked first in terms of incidence rate among the four major acute forms of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, and E) and usually occurs in early childhood. However, the prevalence acute hepatitis A has recently increased among teenagers and young adults, and it is usually misdiagnosed. This study emphasizes the significance of awareness among healthcare workers about the increasing incidence of acute hepatitis A among this group to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
Methods
A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was employed. Fifty-eight confirmed acute HAV patients who visited Adera Medical and Surgical Center (AMSC) between August 2023 and January 2024 were enrolled. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters and documented management data, including hospitalization and any trial of antibiotic treatment before considering HAV or in the course of the illness, were collected. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS (SPSS, Version 26.0).
Results
The sex ratio was similar, with a slight male predominance (M/F = 1.07). The mean age [± SD] of the patients was 19.3[± 8.8] years. Thirty-nine (67.2%) of the patients were students, and all of the patients were from Addis Ababa. Vomiting (82.8%), anorexia (70.7%) and yellowish discoloration of the eyes (62.1%) were the most common presenting symptoms, while icteric sclera 44 (75.9%) and epigastric tenderness 17 (29.3%) were the most common physical findings. More than half of the patients (55.2%) were initially misdiagnosed with typhoid fever (TF) (46.8%), peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (31.2%) or urinary tract infection (UTI) (15.6%). All patients recovered fully, and liver function tests (LFTs) normalized with supportive care within 2–4 weeks.
Conclusion
This study revealed a high incidence of HAV among adolescents and young adults (mean [± SD] age 19.31 [± 8.8] years), with more than half of the patients (55.2%) initially being misdiagnosed with TF, PUD or UTI, causing diagnostic and treatment challenges. This necessitates heightened awareness among healthcare workers and the public. Early HAV diagnosis through targeted laboratory investigations and avoiding unnecessary antibiotics are crucial for effective management and prevention via hygienic and immunization strategies.
Microbial transfer through fecal strings on eggs affect leaf beetle microbiome dynamics
Authors: An Yueqing , Garcia Sarahi L. , Hambäck Peter A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Gut microbiomes of holometabolous insects can be strongly affected by the metamorphosis. Previous studies suggest that microbiome colonization and community development often rely on specialized transmission routes between host life stages, but there is a lack of comparative studies of microbial community dynamics due to different transmission mechanisms.
Results
We compared the gut microbial community dynamics across life stages for five Galerucella species that differ in a potential microbial transfer mechanism by sequencing amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene. Females of three of the studied species place a fecal string on top of the egg, which may improve the transfer of gut microbes, whereas females of the two other species do not place such a fecal string. We found that the α-diversity was more stable between life stages in fecal string placer-species compared with the non-fecal string placer-species. Moreover, there were also consistent differences in the microbiome between species, where we identified multiple taxa in each species that consistently appeared in all life stages.
Conclusions
Fecal strings placed on eggs seem to play an important role in the diversity and dynamic of gut bacteria in Galerucella species, and the vertical transfer of gut bacteria between host insect generations. Alternative, but less efficient, transmission routes seem to occur in non-fecal string placer-species.
A transferable molecular model for accurate thermodynamic studies of water in large-scale systems
Authors: Franzese Giancarlo , Coronas Luis , Vilanova Oriol 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Due to its anomalies, water, essential in biological systems and various applications, poses a unique computational challenge.
While diverse models have been proposed to simulate water efficiently, accurately reproducing its behavior across a broad range of temperatures and pressures for large-scale systems still remains elusive. To fill this gap, we develop a molecular model that balances accuracy, analytical tractability, and computational efficiency. By detailing hydrogen bond networks and many-body interactions while coarse-graining atomic coordinates via a density field, we establish a model calibrated against experiments at ambient conditions. It matches water's equation of state and response functions over a temperature range of approximately 60 degrees at atmospheric pressure and about 40 degrees up to 50 MPa. Our findings advance water property understanding, enabling precise thermodynamic calculations, including free energy, in systems with tens of millions of molecules, paving the way for exploration in various scientific disciplines.