bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Flux of Nonstructural Carbohydrate in Five Species of Submerged Macrophytes in a Precambrian Shield Lake. Part 2: Fluctuation in Relation to Chlorophyll Content, Temperature and Water Chemistry
Authors: Pip E. , Sutherland‐Guy C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTotal soluble carbohydrate, individual sugars and starch content in green shoots of Ceratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadensis, Myriophyllum exalbescens, Potamogeton foliosus and P. zosteriformis from Shoal Lake (Manitoba‐Ontario) were examined in relation to tissue chlorophyll content, water chemistry and temperature. The different species showed a variety of seasonal carbohydrate patterns. Seasonal concentrations of total soluble carbohydrate were significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll and total chlorophyll a + b in E. canadensis and P. foliosus. Seasonal starch content was inversely correlated with chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll a + b in C. demersum and P. foliosus. In C. demersum nonstructural carbohydrate was inversely correlated with total alkalinity, total molybdenum reactive phosphorus, total inorganic nitrogen and temperature of the water. Sucrose concentrations in P. foliosus in June were positively correlated with phosphorus levels in the water.
Copper Uptake by Blue‐Green Algae
Authors: Lüderitz V. , Scholz F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperiments to study the influence of biomass concentration and pH on copper uptake by blue‐green algae were performed. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) was used for copper analysis. The maximum copper uptake per unit of biomass depends only on copper concentration and not on biomass concentration. Hence the copper toxicity is independent of biomass over a wide range. A main factor influencing copper uptake is the pH. Whereas the copper uptake of Aphanizomenon gracile is rapid at pH = 8.2 we did not find a significant uptake at pH = 5.7. The copper uptake at the higher pH value is followed by a nearly complete release of this copper, accompanied by a fast shortening of trichomes. There was no significant copper uptake in Oscillatoria redekei at pH = 8.2, but at pH = 7.2 the uptake pattern of this species is similar to that of Aphanizomenon at pH = 8.2. The results suggest that the metal ion uptake mechanisms of different species have not the same pH optima.
Distance Preservation and Index Adjustment in Hierarchical Clustering–HIERAG IV, a Turbo Pascal Program
Authors: Henrion R. , Henrion G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHierarchical clustering is a powerful tool for evaluating multivariate data as for instance about water samples. Results are illustrated by dendrograms which can be understood not only as means of classification but also as a kind of object display. It seems reasonable to preserve as well as possible original inter‐object distances within the dendrogram. For the classical hierarchical algorithms a correction by index adjustment is proposed. This procedure may lead to more reliable results. Practical and simulated data examples are discussed. A formula for distance‐updating in the case of relative distance preservation is constructed. Finally an advanced version of the program HIERAG in Turbo Pascal is listed. This program uses INTEGER‐type variables for inter‐object distances instead of REAL‐type ones.
Über die Entfernung von Schwermetallionen aus Betriebsabwässern durch Ultrafiltration. Teil 1: Grundlegende Erkenntnisse an Modellösungen unter Zusatz von Komplexbildnern
Authors: Waeschke H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFundamental experimental experience on the concentration of metal ions was gathered by ultrafiltration at 0.3 MPa pressure by using membranes with pores in a laboratory cell with stirrer. The potentiality of retention against the metal ions R and the stream density of filtration IF were measured for model liquids of CuSO4, NiSO4, ZnSO4 and AgNO3. The experimental results involve the influence of the membran materials, the role of several tested additives for complex formation and pH, and the influence of strange electrolytes, respectively, on the membrane characteristics R and IF.
Biochemical Study of the Gonads of Mystus vittatus (Bl.) Exposed to the Acute Toxic Dose of NPK During the Spawning Season: Protein and Amino Acids
Authors: Pande R. K. , Narain A. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe freshwater catfish, Mystus vittatus, were exposed to the LC50, 96 h dose (i.e. 550 ppm.) of the agro‐fertilizer NPK for 96 h, during the spawning period (March–June). Their gonads were biochemically analysed for the total protein content and the free amino acids. The protein content of the gonads of the stressed fish was found lowered. The fish also showed disappearence of certain amino acids from their gonads.
Satellite Imagery in Distinguishing the Water Quality
Authors: Sládeček V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOn the basis of selected literature of 1973…1987 a surrey is given of the problem of the remote sensing of waters. There has to be distinguished between the passive methods of photography in different wavelength ranges of radiation, the direct radiometric measurement as well as scanning in the ranges of visible, near infrared and thermal radiation and the active methods of radar and lidar, the analogue of the radar with laser pulses. For the water quality, especially measurements concerning the optical conditions near the water surface, transparency and turbidity, chlorophyll content, water blooms and stocks of macrophytes, water temperature, especially during thermal loading of waters are possible. Examples of the analysis of imagery from the satellites ERTS‐1, Landsat‐2, TIROS‐N and NOAA‐6 as well as Nimbus 7 and of their computer‐aided, expensive analysis are discussed. At present, limiting factors are mainly the size of the picture elements (pixels) of the scanners of 80 × 80 or 30 × 30 m, in general. At present, they can be applied only to very large waters as well as the oceans and coastal areas.
Input of Particulate Inorganic Phosphate (PIP) in Lake Müggelsee and Its Ecological Importance for Algal Primary Production
Authors: Nixdorf B. , Gelbrecht J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe import of particulate inorganic phosphate (PIP) by the river Spree into lake Müggelsee was analysed in 1986 and 1987. It amounts to 18% of total phosphate import. Most of the PIP fraction is bonded to iron and characterized by a strong chemical instability. It was shown by bioassays with lake phytoplankton that PIP is a potential nutrient for algal growth. But up to now the PIP import into lake Müggelsee plays a negligible role as a nutrient source for primary production. Nevertheless, it has to be considered in further strategies of lake restoration as a factor promoting eutrophication.
A Sufficient Condition for the Correct Recognition of Two Classes in Hierarchical Clustering
Authors: Henrion R. , Henrion G. , Gnauck A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHierarchical clustering is a widely used instrument for the investigation of multivariate data sets as they arise for instance in the chemistry of waters. Frequently one is confronted to the problem that detected clusters do not correspond sufficiently to classes of objects which a priori had been expected to occur. Then it may be that the chosen clustering algorithm did not work well. However it is more likely that the unsatisfactory recognition of clusters is due to a lack of information in data. For the simplest case of two clusters we shall prove that single, complete and average (weighted and unweighted) linkage guarantee correct recognition, provided that the two expected classes of objects are ‘real clusters’. To this aim a theoretically sufficient condition is developed.
Haematological Effects in Dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) after Short‐Term Sublethal Cadmium Exposure
Authors: Tort L. , Hernández‐Pascual M. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour groups of dogfish were subjected to 50 ppm of cadmium for 1, 2, 3 and 4 days and haematological values were analyzed from blood samples. No differences were found in the majority of parameters, except for the Red Blood Cell Counts that show a significant increase during the second and third day of treatment. The results of the different parameters indicate a pattern of dual response depending on the time of exposure, a first phase of toxic impact during the first two days, followed by a second phase of recovery at the end of 4 days treatment.
Detection of Water Pollution on the Basis of Biological Object Response Modelling
Authors: Genjatulin K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne of the ways controlling water pollution is biotesting involving sensitive microbiological tests. For biotesting microcomponent chemical pollutants of water it is suggested to use the reaction of microorganisms in test cultures. The mathematical discription of a multifactor experiment is chosen as the method for studying toxicant influence.
Effect of Bioaugmentation on Activated Sludge Biokinetics
Authors: Zachopoulos St. A. , Hung Y.‐T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBench‐scale laboratory studies were conducted to examine the bacterial populations in the activated sludge process under different operating conditions and to determine the effects of bioaugmentation with liquid mixed culture bacteria on the bacterial populations and the process efficiency. Results indicate that bacterial populations were not related to the mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) concentrations. The organic removal rates were related to the logarithm of the bacterial concentrations in the mixed liquor. A very reliable kinetic model for organic removal was developed based on heterotrophic bacterial concentrations. Bioaugmentation improved organic removal rate coefficients, but resulted in higher organic residual in the effluent.
Perspectives of Employing Enzymoindication Methods in Ecological Monitoring
Authors: Timofeeva S. S. , Stom D. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractModern conditions and perspectives of employing enzymoindication methods in ecological monitoring are discussed. A review is presented of literature and investigations of the authors on the use of redox enzymes: catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase of active sludges from biological treatment plants and phytobenthos in the indication of a number of toxic substances and components in sewage waters. It is shown that by its redox enzyme activity the enzymoindication method may serve for the evaluation of the extremely high pollution levels at the entry to biological treatment plants, chronic pollution of water reservoirs and for revealing the zones of homogeneous pollution to calculate correlation equations in the compilation of the water quality forecast models.
Uptake of Heavy Metals by Cladophora glomerata
Authors: Vymazal J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe influence of the duration of exposure on the accumulation of Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Co Zn and Ni by Cladophora glomerata was studied in short‐term batch experiments. It was determined that the uptake of heavy metals differs not only in the rate of uptake but also in the maximum cumulation attained. The highest uptake after exposure for 6 h to an initial concentration of 200 μg/l occurred with chromium — 168 μg/g, the minimum uptake occurred with cobalt — 86.9 μg/g. Also the rate of uptake differed significantly. After the exposure period of 15 min 120.7 μg/g of chromium was taken up and, in contrast, only 7.6 μg/g of nickel was taken up after the same exposure period.
Fluorescence and Reflectance for the in‐situ Determination of Some Quality Parameters of Surface Waters
Authors: Mittenzwey K.‐H. , Breitwieser S. , Penig J. , Gitelson A. A. , Dubovitzkii G. , Garbusov G. , Ullrich S. , Vobach V. , Müller A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractShip‐based experiments around Berlin and laboratory tests were carried out in order to develop spectroscopic methods for the in‐situ determination of chlorophyll a (Chla) and chemical oxygen demand (CODcr) of surface waters. The regression analysis of spectroscopic data (reflectance (R); laser‐stimulated and conventional fluorescence (IF)) and chemical‐biological data yielded correlations of a relatively good quality.
Determination of the Ciliates' Individual Mass by the Improved “Volumes Ratio” Method
Authors: Nesterenko G. V. , Kovalchuk A. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe main methods of estimating the mean volume of ciliates are given: ‐ cell‐shape comparison to a simple geometrical figure, ‐ direct determination, ‐ models method.The last is more precise and its simplified variant allows us to computerize the procedure of calculation the mean cell volume (mass).
Investigations on the Urea Uptake by Phytoplankton in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Irmisch A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUrea uptake by the planktonic community was studied in the central Baltic Sea in July/August 1987, in March 1988 and in August 1988. Uptake was measured with 14C‐urca incubations. Uptake rates were determined in the range of 0.8 … 5.7 nmol/dm3 · h urea in March and 25.6 … 48.0 nmol/dm3 · h urea in August. Respired CO2 was found to represent 98 to 99 = of total uptake. Light stimulated urea uptake; parallel dark incubations showing usually 4.5 to 80.0 = of the uptake in the light. These results and size fractionation studies indicated that phytoplankton was dominating urea uptake. Urea proved to be an important nitrogen source for phytoplankton during the regenerated phase of the phytoplankton succession.
Studies of aquatic fungi. Part 16: A quatic fungi of the River Pisa and its tributary, the River Skroda
Authors: Czeczuga B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe work was undertaken to investigate the mycoflora of the river Pisa and its tributary, the river Skroda. Samples of water were collected once a month over four years (1984 … 1987) for hydrochemical analysis and studies of the fungus content. Forty‐three species of fungi were found in these rivers. The following fungi unknown in Poland were found in the Pisa river: Achlya megasperma and Rhipidium partenosporum.
Eine einfache empirische Korrelation für die Wasserlöslichkeit von Kohlenwasserstoffen, Alkoholen, Ketonen und Estern
Authors: Spitzer P. , Schröder H. , Radeke K. H. , Gnauck A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom data given in literature for the water solubility of organic compounds (17 alkanes, 9 alkylbenzenes, 5 cycloalkanes, 28 alcohols, 8 ketones and 12 esters) by means of linear multiple regression dependences between solubility and structural parameters (C‐number, molecule radius, functional group) are estimated. It is found that the functional group and the C‐number have the greatest influence. If the three parameters are used, one gets a correlation with an error of 27%.
Biodegradation of Tetrachloromethane under Anaerobic Conditions
Authors: Erzmann M. W. , Pöpel H.‐J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn anaerobic upflow fixed film reactor of one meter height and 8 cm inside diameter was used to investigate biodegradation of tetrachloromethane (CT). With an empty bed retention time of 20 h, CT in concentrations of about 2.7 mg/l was completely eliminated within the first half of the filter when a mixture of different primary substrates was provided. Concentrations of chlorinated compounds at different heights of the filter were measured. With decreasing concentrations of CT increasing concentrations of trichloromethane (CF) were observed which remained unchanged when CT was eliminated. Effluent concentrations of CF were about 20 … 25= of the influent CT concentrations on a molar basis. When primary substrates were changed to acetate as the only additional carbon source, degradation of CT was drastically deteriorated, indicating that acetate degrading cultures are not responsible for degradation of CT.
Zur Bestimmung des extrahierbaren, organisch gebundenen Halogens (EOX) ‐ eine einfache konventionelle Methode
Authors: Lawerenz A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe described procedure of analytics concerns both high‐volatile and low‐volatile haloorganic compounds which are extractable with hexane, such as halomethanes, ‐ethanes, ‐ethenes in ground, surface and drinking waters. The substances are mineralized by digestion. Besides organically bonded chlorine also bromine and iodine are detected. The silver‐chloride turbidity formed with silver nitrate is measured with a Spekol photometer with a fluorescence measurement attachment at an excitation wavelength of 365 nm (mercury lamp). The detection limit for organically bonded chlorine is 8 μg/l. In a concluding chapter, the result of the testing of the method of analysis is described by the example of the haloform formation potential.
A Simple Extraction‐spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Dissolved Humic Substances in Water. Part 1: Procedures
Authors: Hanschmann G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHumic substances (HS) can be extracted from water into chloroform in one step by means of cetyl‐pyridinium chloride and sodium chloride. The absorbance (at 450 nm) of the extract is proportional to the HS content. Two procedures are presented for HS concentrations of 2 … 20 mg/l and 20 … 200 mg/l water, respectively.
Schwermetallbestimmung in Klärwerksschlämmen mittels Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse
Authors: Lucke N. , Wehner B. , Thi Hong Lan T. , Kalla E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe X‐ray fluorescence analysis is an important means for the determination of the heavy metal concentrations in sewage sludges and for the evaluation of their usability in agriculture. Analysis devices from the GDR were used for that. For the investigations there was used as the zero sample a sludge which was not loaded with heavy metals, homogeneous and constantly dried at 105 °C. The drying bed sludge samples were treated with different heavy metal solutions with different concentrations. Preparation of samples, measuring conditions and general spectra are described. The measuring results of tests up to 100 g heavy metal in 1 kg dry substance are critically evaluated. The analysis of a sewer sludge sample takes only about ten minutes. There are determined: Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Hg and Pb.
Untersuchungen an Fließgewässern im Raum Leipzig
Authors: Carmienke I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSalmonella, mainly S. manhattan and S. agona, were detected in about 40 = of the 133 flowing waters which were investigated in the District of Leipzig from June 1988 to June 1989 Possible causes of the occurrence of salmonella were discussed. Within the framework of statistical evaluations, correlation investigations were carried out on findings of chemical and biological examinations and relations found so far were confirmed. The applicability of the standard TGL 6466/01 “quality demands on irrigation water” is critically checked on the basis of the results of investigation; as derived from the result, the necessity of a revision of this TGL is proved.
Untersuchungen zur elektrochemischen Kupfer‐/Zinntrennung beim Recycling konzentrierter, chloridhaltiger Prozeßlösungen des Legierungsätzens
Authors: Kermer K. , Fischwasser K. , Sauer A. , Augstein L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter an introductory description of the importance of heavy metal ions in the environment and a representation of the etching process of copper‐tin alloys with copper(II)‐chloride, the fundamentals of the electrochemical treatment of the spent etching solutions are stated. Different electrode materials were tested in laboratory experiments with model solutions (0.35 … 0.70 = HCl, 5 g/l Cu2+ and 2.5 g/l Sn2+). The best separation of copper and tin was achieved at a current density of 1.25 A/dm2. A proposal for the technological design is made with which a maximum reduction of the sewage loading occurs.
Die Entfernung von Thiocyanationen aus wäßrigen Lösungen unter Verwendung stark basischer und schwach basischer Anionenaustauscher
Authors: Dobrevski Iv. , Dimova‐Todorova M. , Panajotova T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter treatment of the anion exchanger resins from several manufacturers with FeCl3 or CuSO4 their capacity to take up thiocyanate ions increases by the factor 2 … 3. By regeneration with diluted sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid after precipitation of the ferric or cupric hydroxide a thiocyanate solution of 10 and 15 g/l, respectively, is obtained, which can be reused. The hydroxides dissolved in acid are used for the treatment of the ion exchanger. The process is proposed for the regenerating of wastewaters containing thiocyanate.
Einsatz einer konstruierten Mischkultur zur Verwertung von Mischsubstraten mit inhibierend wirkenden Substanzen
Authors: Skrowny H. , Pätz R. , Wendlandt K.‐D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy way of introduction the general fundamentals and kinetic setups of the competitive and non‐competitive as well as substrate inhibition of cultures of microorganisms are stated. Investigated on a laboratory scale is the degradation of liquid pig slurry in a 600‐1 stirring fermenter with discontinuous addition (pO2≧=30 = saturation) of methanol as external substrate by a yeast mixed culture of Metschnikowia and Pichia membranifaceans to utilize the steam‐volatile fatty acids (12 g/l) and of Acetobacter methanolicus to utilize methanol. A stable fermentation with stable residual concentrations of 235 mg/l fatty acids, 142 mg/l mH4‐N an 100 … 300 mg/l methanol for aperiod of 2400 h can be achieved.
Comparison of Water Quality and the Chemical Nature of the Sediments of River and Wells at Bhagalpur, India
Authors: Kumar S. , Saha L. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBottom sediments of a river and of two sites of well showed significant changes in relation to different water factors. Comparatively, organic carbon, organic matter and free CaCO3 concentration were higher in the Sutapatti well than at other sites which may affect the quality of potable water considerably.
Residues of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Fishes: A GLC Analysis
Authors: Verma D. K. , Sharma A. , Sharma M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractResidues of four chlorinated hydrocarbons, viz. Aldrin, BHC, DDT and Endosulfan, were estimated in twenty fresh water edible fishes using a gas chromatographic technique. The residue accumulation showed a definite relation with the feeding habits of fishes. Omnivorous fishes were found highly contaminated, followed by carnivorous and herbivorous species. Heteropneustes fossilis was the highly contaminated fish with residue concentrations of Aldrin (0.051 ppm), BHC (0.814 ppm), DDT (1.962 ppm) and Endosulfan (0.312 ppm).
Significance of Amount Concentrations in Hydrochemistry, Water Technology and Biology
Authors: Pitter P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMass and occasionally equivalent concentrations so far have been more widely used than amount concentrations. However, the preference is not justified. Mass concentrations distort the actual picture of water composition and properties. When expressing and interpreting the results of the chemical analysis of water and of technological experiments, amount concentrations of individual components, that are proportional to the real number of reacting particles, are of utmost significance. Therefore, only amount concentrations can correctly characterize quantitative relationships of the chemical and biological effects of compounds and make the comparison of the results possible. This claim is supported by examples in the field of hydrochemistry, biology and water technology.
Quality of Water in the Stabilization System from the Point of View Human Medicine
Authors: Gabrhelová M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe microbiological quality of water was studied in three parts of the stabilization system for the purification and utilization of dairy effluents (SVOBODA and KOUBEK). Results of three years of investigations dealing with the indicators of general, fecal and virus pollution by selected physiological groups of microorganisms, anaerobic microbes, some facultative pathogenic microorganisms and other selected groups of microorganisms are presented. The conclusions indicate that water discharged into the receiving river is microbiologically safe.