bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultivating situated learning within project management practice
Authors: Sense Andrew J. , Badham Richard J. 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to briefly summarise a successfully completed doctoral thesis which longitudinally and intimately explored the social dynamics of learning activity within a project team.Design/methodology/approachThis research was pursued through participative action research applied to a case study project team.FindingsThe key findings of this study included the identification and analysis of five sociological elements which moderate the situated learning behaviour of participants while they are on‐the‐job. Combined, these elements form a model of project situated learning behaviour.Practical implicationsThe findings generated focus attention on the complex social and practical issues involved in learning within projects and provide a framework that aids practitioners' systematic reflection and action on their learning activities.Originality/valueThis study provides deep and original insights into the learning phenomenon within the practice of project management. There has already been numerous journal publications generated from it, and in late 2007, the author of this thesis published a book largely based on this doctoral work entitled Cultivating Learning within Projects, by Andrew Sense, Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN: 0230006914 ISBN‐13: 9780230006911. This book can be sourced directly from Palgrave Macmillan at: www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?PID = 276502
Cross‐cultural leadership
Authors: Grisham Thomas , Walker Derek H.T. 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to summarize a successfully defended doctoral dissertation and to place this research in context to emerging areas of international project management (PM), leadership, and cultural intelligence, and to encourage others to embark on further research related to this important topic.Design/methodology/approachResults reported in this paper were based upon action learning, and were subsequently tested by utilizing a Delphi panel of international subject matter experts.FindingsThe primary finding was that there are five dimensions of cross‐cultural leadership intelligence (XLQ) that enable leaders to function effectively in any culture: societal, business, or group.Research limitations/implicationsResearch efforts point to the skills that project and business leaders must have to effectively lead cross‐cultural teams, virtual or co‐located. It suggests the areas of research that need to be undertaken to put metrics on each dimension, and so to provide a means of training and testing potential leaders.Originality/valueFrom academic perspective, the synthesis of anthropology, sociology, psychology, business, management, and leadership enhances the body of knowledge of PM. For practical applications, the dimensions identified can be employed and utilized to begin training of international leaders. The thesis may be downloaded from URL http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt‐VIT20061116.125205/
The impact of sustainability on the investment environment
Authors: de Francesco Anthony J. , Levy Deborah 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the key drivers affecting property investment decisions within a context of sustainability and how these drivers are likely to change the investment product landscape and the management of existing property investment portfolios.Design/methodology/approachExamples from the Australian property market are discussed in order to demonstrate how sustainability principles may form part of the wider agenda of corporate property investment strategy and social responsibility.FindingsA full understanding of the impact of sustainability on the property investment landscape can only be found by adopting an holistic approach, including the behavioural effects of economic, social, ecological, policy and regulative environments.Originality/valueThis paper provides important new insights as to the effect that sustainability may have on future investment decisions and the future investment product landscape.
Deamidation destabilizes and triggers aggregation of a lens protein, βA3‐crystallin
Authors: Takata Takumi , Oxford Julie T. , Demeler Borries , Lampi Kirsten J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractProtein aggregation is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases and also of cataracts. The major proteins in the lens of the eye are crystallins, which accumulate throughout life and are extensively modified. Deamidation is the major modification in the lens during aging and cataracts. Among the crystallins, the βA3‐subunit has been found to have multiple sites of deamidation associated with the insoluble proteins in vivo. Several sites were predicted to be exposed on the surface of βA3 and were investigated in this study. Deamidation was mimicked by site‐directed mutagenesis at Q42 and N54 on the N‐terminal domain, N133 and N155 on the C‐terminal domain, and N120 in the peptide connecting the domains. Deamidation altered the tertiary structure without disrupting the secondary structure or the dimer formation of βA3. Deamidations in the C‐terminal domain and in the connecting peptide decreased stability to a greater extent than deamidations in the N‐terminal domain. Deamidation at N54 and N155 also disrupted the association with the βB1‐subunit. Sedimentation velocity experiments integrated with high‐resolution analysis detected soluble aggregates at 15%–20% in all deamidated proteins, but not in wild‐type βA3. These aggregates had elevated frictional ratios, suggesting that they were elongated. The detection of aggregates in vitro strongly suggests that deamidation may contribute to protein aggregation in the lens. A potential mechanism may include decreased stability and/or altered interactions with other β‐subunits. Understanding the role of deamidation in the long‐lived crystallins has important implications in other aggregation diseases.
A single night of sleep deprivation increases ghrelin levels and feelings of hunger in normal‐weight healthy men
Authors: SCHMID SEBASTIAN M. , HALLSCHMID MANFRED , JAUCH‐CHARA KAMILA , BORN JAN , SCHULTES BERND 
Published: June 2008

SummarySleep loss is currently proposed to disturb endocrine regulation of energy homeostasis leading to weight gain and obesity. Supporting this view, a reduction of sleep duration to 4 h for two consecutive nights has recently been shown to decrease circulating leptin levels and to increase ghrelin levels, as well as self‐reported hunger. We hypothesized that similar endocrine alterations occur even after a single night of sleep restriction. In a balanced order, nine healthy normal‐weight men spent three nights in our sleep laboratory separated by at least 2 weeks: one night with a total sleep time of 7 h, one night with a total sleep time of 4.5 h and one night with total sleep deprivation (SD). On a standard symptom‐rating scale, subjects rated markedly stronger feelings of hunger after total SD than after 7 h sleep (3.9 ± 0.7 versus 1.7 ± 0.3; P = 0.020) or 4.5 h sleep (2.2 ± 0.5; P = 0.041). Plasma ghrelin levels were 22 ± 10% higher after total SD than after 7 h sleep (0.85 ± 0.06 versus 0.72 ± 0.04 ng mL−1; P = 0.048) with intermediate levels of the hormone after 4.5 h sleep (0.77 ± 0.04 ng mL−1). Serum leptin levels did not differ between conditions. Feelings of hunger as well as plasma ghrelin levels are already elevated after one night of SD, whereas morning serum leptin concentrations remain unaffected. Thus, our results provide further evidence for a disturbing influence of sleep loss on endocrine regulation of energy homeostasis, which on the long run may result in weight gain and obesity.
Inflammation and structural changes of splenic lymphoid tissue in visceral leishmaniasis: A study on naturally infected dogs
Authors: SANTANA C. C. , VASSALLO J. , DE FREITAS L. A. R. , OLIVEIRA G. G. S. , PONTES‐DE‐CARVALHO L. C. , DOS‐SANTOS W. L. C. 
Published: June 2008

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to identify splenic immuno‐inflammatory patterns associated with natural infection by Leishmania chagasi. Spleen samples were obtained from 72 stray dogs from an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis. The animals were grouped into four categories as follows: (i) potentially resistant to visceral leishmaniasis, with a positive leishmanin skin test result, and negative splenic culture for Leishmania parasites (ii) potentially susceptible to visceral leishmaniasis, with a negative leishmanin skin test and positive splenic culture for Leishmania (iii) infected with undefined susceptibility status, with a positive leishmanin skin test and positive splenic culture for Leishmania, and (iv) noninfected, with a negative leishmanin skin test, negative splenic culture for Leishmania, and negative serology for anti‐Leishmania antibodies. Histopathological analyses showed that there was a higher frequency of perisplenitis (18/25, P < 0·0001), granuloma (7/25, P = 0·0102), structural disorganization (14/25, P < 0·0001), and atrophy of the lymphoid follicles (20/25, P = 0·0036) and of the marginal zone (15/25, P = 0·0025) in the potentially susceptible group than in the other groups. The data presented here show changes in the white pulp of the spleen that are associated with naturally acquired visceral leishmaniasis.
Infection of potato by Rhizoctonia solani: effect of anastomosis group
Authors: Woodhall J. W. , Lees A. K. , Edwards S. G. , Jenkinson P. 
Published: June 2008

Glasshouse and field experiments showed that the pathogenicity and disease type on potato varied between different anastomosis groups (AGs) of Rhizoctonia solani. For example, severe stem and stolon disease developed in plants inoculated with a single isolate of AG3PT and AG5. Severe root disease was observed with single isolates of AG8 and to a lesser extent AG3PT, but rarely with single isolates of the other AGs tested. In both field and glasshouse experiments the AG2‐1 isolate (X81) produced only small lesions (<5 mm). However, this was not representative of two other AG2‐1 isolates. When AG2‐1 isolates of the three different rDNA IGS1 types were tested in a glasshouse trial, one caused more severe stem and stolon infection than AG3PT. In the field experiment, the yield of tubers, by weight, was significantly less (P < 0·05) in all inoculated plants than for uninoculated (control) plants. Yield losses were greatest and tuber numbers smallest in plots inoculated with an AG8 isolate, suggesting that root infection is important in determining quantitative yield loss. The incidence of black scurf was greatest in the progeny tubers in plots inoculated with AG3PT (83·9%), whereas only very small amounts of black scurf developed on tubers from plants infected with AG2‐1 (510 bp) or AG5 isolates. This is supported by laboratory tests, where isolates of AG3PT produced significantly more sclerotia on potato dextrose agar than isolates of AGs 2‐1, 4, 5 and 8.
A method of inoculating barley seedlings with Ramularia collo‐cygni
Authors: Makepeace J. C. , Havis N. D. , Burke J. I. , Oxley S. J. P. , Brown J. K. M. 
Published: June 2008

A method of inoculating seedlings with the fungus Ramularia collo‐cygni, the causal agent of ramularia leaf spot (RLS), an increasingly important problem in barley in Europe and elsewhere, is described. Symptoms of RLS similar to those found in the field were reproduced on seedlings and the fungus was re‐isolated from them, fulfilling the third and fourth of Koch's postulates. The method was similar to one used for the related fungus, Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici), a pathogen of wheat. Briefly, plants were sprayed with a suspension of R. collo‐cygni mycelium fragments, incubated at 15°C, first in darkness for 48 h then in a 16‐h‐light/8‐h‐dark cycle. Disease levels reached saturation when plants were sprayed to runoff with a suspension of 480 cm2 of mycelium, scraped from the entire surface of 7·5 Petri dishes (9 cm diameter) and sieved, in 50 mL water. Growth of seedlings in high light intensity (900 µmol m−2 s−1, 16‐h daylength) before inoculation increased disease symptoms, but reduced disease when applied after inoculation. In contrast to M. graminicola, near‐ultraviolet light after inoculation reduced symptom development. It is proposed that for the full development of RLS, plants should be grown in a stressful environment before inoculation. Nine barley lines were assessed for their resistance to RLS as seedlings and a subset were tested in field trials with natural infection by R. collo‐cygni. There was cultivar‐by‐isolate interaction in the amount of RLS symptoms on seedlings. RLS levels on adult plants in field plots were correlated with RLS scores on seedlings formed by one isolate but not the other.
Mass‐wasting of ancient aeolian dunes and sand fluidization during a period of global warming and inferred brief high precipitation: the Hopeman Sandstone (late Permian), Scotland
Authors: Hurst Andrew , Glennie Kenneth W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractLarge‐scale deformation structures in late Permian aeolian dune sands are associated with sand fluidization and injection. Exceptional precipitation and flooding of the desert margin are believed to have caused mass‐wasting by gravitational collapse and sliding of water‐saturated dunes, which loaded down‐dip strata, thus generating overpressure and triggering sand injection. This short‐lived but heavy precipitation seems to have been associated with a climatic change from arid Rotliegend dune deposition to widespread Zechstein marine conditions within the greater North Sea area, probably just before or coinciding with deposition of the rapidly expanding marine Kupferschiefer.
Characterization of the Arabidopsis Brittle1 transport protein and impact of reduced activity on plant metabolism
Authors: Kirchberger Simon , Tjaden Joachim , Ekkehard Neuhaus H. 
Published: June 2008

SummaryThe Arabidopsis genome contains a gene (Atbt1) encoding a highly hydrophobic membrane protein of the mitochondrial carrier family, with six predicted transmembrane domains, and showing substantial structural similarity to Brittle1 proteins from maize and potato. We demonstrate that AtBT1 transports AMP, ADP and ATP (but not ADP‐glucose), shows a unidirectional mode of transport, and locates to the plastidial membrane and not to the ER as previously proposed. Analysis using an Atbt1 promoter–GUS construct revealed substantial gene expression in rapidly growing root tips and maturating or germinating pollen. Survival of homozygous Atbt1::T‐DNA mutants is very limited, and those that do survive produce non‐fertile seeds. These observations indicate that no other carrier protein or metabolic mechanism can compensate for the loss of this transporter. Atbt1 RNAi dosage mutants show substantially retarded growth, adenylate levels similar to those of wild‐type plants, increased glutamine contents and unchanged starch levels. Interestingly, the growth retardation of Atbt1 RNAi mutant plants was circumvented by adenosine feeding, and was accompanied by increased adenylate levels. Further observations showed the presence of a functional nucleotide salvage pathway in Atbt1 RNAi mutants. In summary, our data indicate that AtBT1 is a plastidial nucleotide uniport carrier protein that is strictly required to export newly synthesized adenylates into the cytosol.
‘Senescence‐associated vacuoles’ are involved in the degradation of chloroplast proteins in tobacco leaves
Authors: Martínez Dana E. , Costa María L. , Gomez Facundo M. , Otegui Marisa S. , Guiamet Juan J. 
Published: June 2008

SummaryMassive degradation of photosynthetic proteins is the hallmark of leaf senescence; however the mechanism involved in chloroplast protein breakdown is not completely understood. As small ‘senescence‐associated vacuoles’ (SAVs) with intense proteolytic activity accumulate in senescing leaves of soybean and Arabidopsis, the main goal of this work was to determine whether SAVs are involved in the degradation of chloroplastic components. SAVs with protease activity were readily detected through confocal microscopy of naturally senescing leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). In detached leaves incubated in darkness, acceleration of the chloroplast degradation rate by ethylene treatment correlated with a twofold increase in the number of SAVs per cell, compared to untreated leaves. In a tobacco line expressing GFP targeted to plastids, GFP was re‐located to SAVs in senescing leaves. SAVs were isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Isolated SAVs contained chloroplast‐targeted GFP and the chloroplast stromal proteins Rubisco (ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) and glutamine synthetase, but lacked the thylakoid proteins D1 and light‐harvesting complex II of the photosystem II reaction center and photosystem II antenna, respectively. In SAVs incubated at 30°C, there was a steady decrease in Rubisco levels, which was completely abolished by addition of protease inhibitors. These results indicate that SAVs are involved in degradation of the soluble photosynthetic proteins of the chloroplast stroma during senescence of leaves.
OsRecQ1, a QDE‐3 homologue in rice, is required for RNA silencing induced by particle bombardment for inverted repeat DNA, but not for double‐stranded RNA
Authors: Chen Hui , Samadder Partha P. , Tanaka Yoshikazu , Ohira Tatsuya , Okuizumi Hisato , Yamaoka Naoto , Miyao Akio , Hirochika Hirohiko , Ohira Takayuki , Tsuchimoto Suguru , Ohtsubo Hisako , Nishiguchi Masamichi 
Published: June 2008

SummaryBased on the nucleotide sequence of QDE‐3 in Neurospora crassa, which is involved in RNA silencing, rice (Oryza sativa) mutant lines disrupted by the insertion of the rice retrotransposonTos17 were selected. Homozygous individuals from the M1 and M2 generations were screened and used for further analyses. The expression of the gene was not detected in leaves or calli of the mutant lines, in contrast to the wild type (WT). Induction of RNA silencing by particle bombardment was performed to investigate any effects of the OsRecQ1 gene on RNA silencing with silencing inducers of the GFP (green fluorescence protein)/GUS (β‐glucuronidase) gene in the mutant lines. The results showed that OsRecQ1 is required for RNA silencing induced by particle bombardment for inverted‐repeat DNA, but not for double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). The levels of transcripts from inverted‐repeat DNA were much lower in the mutant lines than those in the WT. Furthermore, no effects were observed in the accumulation of endogenous microRNAs (miR171 and miR156) and the production of the short interspersed nuclear element retroelement by small interfering RNA. On the basis of these results, we propose that OsRecQ1 may participate in the process that allows inverted repeat DNA to be transcribed into dsRNA, which can trigger RNA silencing.
Reprogramming a maize plant: transcriptional and metabolic changes induced by the fungal biotroph Ustilago maydis
Authors: Doehlemann Gunther , Wahl Ramon , Horst Robin J. , Voll Lars M. , Usadel Björn , Poree Fabien , Stitt Mark , Pons‐Kühnemann Jörn , Sonnewald Uwe , Kahmann Regine , Kämper Jörg 
Published: June 2008

SummaryThe fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis establishes a biotrophic relationship with its host plant maize (Zea mays). Hallmarks of the disease are large plant tumours in which fungal proliferation occurs. Previous studies suggested that classical defence pathways are not activated. Confocal microscopy, global expression profiling and metabolic profiling now shows that U. maydis is recognized early and triggers defence responses. Many of these early response genes are downregulated at later time points, whereas several genes associated with suppression of cell death are induced. The interplay between fungus and host involves changes in hormone signalling, induction of antioxidant and secondary metabolism, as well as the prevention of source leaf establishment. Our data provide novel insights into the complexity of a biotrophic interaction.
Fas promoter polymorphisms: genetic predisposition to sarcoidosis in African‐Americans
Authors: Wasfi Y. S. , Silveira L. J. , Jonth A. , Hokanson J. E. , Fingerlin T. , Sato H. , Parsons C. E. , Lympany P. , Welsh K. , Du Bois R. M. , Newman L. S. , Maier L. A. ,   the ACCESS Research Group
Published: June 2008

AbstractApoptosis may perpetuate some forms of inflammation. Of the apoptotic pathway proteins, Fas is particularly overexpressed in sarcoidosis. We hypothesized that Fas promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to the development and severity of sarcoidosis. Associations of known Fas promoter SNPs (−670, −690 and −1377) and deduced haplotypes with sarcoidosis and sarcoidosis severity were evaluated using matched case–control (n = 656 pairs) and case–comparison (n = 656) studies, respectively, using conditional logistic regression. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was confirmed for all three polymorphisms in African‐Americans (AA), and for the −670 and −1377 in whites. Genotype and allele frequencies were significantly different between whites and AA. Race‐stratified analysis revealed that a common haplotype, −1377G/−690T/−670G, was associated with sarcoidosis [odds ratio (OR) = 1.78, P = 0.05] only in AA. The haplotype −1377G/−690C/−670A was negatively associated with sarcoidosis (OR = 0.39, P = 0.03) only in AA. In conclusion, the consistency of these findings suggests that Fas promoter genetic variants may be related to sarcoidosis disease risk in AA.
Novel alleles at the HLA‐DRB1 and ‐DQB1 loci
Authors: Lazaro A. M. , Xiao Y. , Masaberg C. , Lebeck L. , Ng J. , Hurley C. K. , Posch P. E. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTwelve novel human leukocyte antigen class II alleles are described; eight DRB1 alleles and four DQB1 alleles. Nine of the variants are single nucleotide substitutions from their most homologous allele, of which six result in amino acid changes (DRB1*0459, *1156 and *1522; DQB1*0205, *0320 and *0321) and three are silent substitutions (DRB1*030105 and *040304, and DQB1*030104). The remaining alleles (DRB1*0906, *1464 and *1468) differ from their most similar alleles by two to three nucleotide substitutions which alter one to two amino acids.