bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMMUNOREACTIVE GROWTH HORMONE IN PLASMA AND URINE IN LONG TERM INSULIN TREATED DIABETICS WITH CLINICAL DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY
Authors: Hanssen K. F. , Svendsen P. Aaby , Evrin P.-E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma immunoreactive growth hormone (IRHGH) was measured serially together with 24 hour urinary immunoreactive growth hormone (IRHGH) in 25 long term insulin treated diabetics with clinical diabetic nephropathy (defined by urinary albumin above 25 mg/24 h).
The mean plasma IRHGH was significantly higher than in a comparable group of diabetics without increased urinary albumin (0.05 > P > 0.02). The urinary IRHGH increased from near normal values in those patients with a normal creatinine clearance to 100 times the normal urinary IRHGH in patients with creatinine clearance of less than 20 ml/min. Two other small molecular weight proteins (β2-microglobulin and lysozyme) were also measured in the blood and urine in some of the patients. IRHGH, β2-microglobulin and lysozyme clearances increased in parallel as the creatinine clearance decreased. This study further supports the theory that growth hormone is filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed for the major part in the proximal renal tubule. The increased plasma and urinary IRHGH seen in diabetic nephropathy seems to be a consequence of the kidney damage rather than its cause.
ENDOGENOUS NEUTRAL STEROIDS IN THE LUNG TISSUE OF EARLY AND MID-TERM HUMAN FOETUSES AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON THEIR FORMATION
Authors: Huhtaniemi I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four pools of lung tissue from 2 or 3 foetuses of 11–17 weeks' gestational age were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and gaschromatography-mass spectrometry for endogenous neutral steroids. All of the steroids detected were present as their mono- or disulphate conjugates. No free compounds were found. Dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone and their 16α-hydroxylated derivatives were the compounds present in highest concentrations in the monosulphate fraction. The most prominent steroid in the disulphate fraction was 5-androstene-3β,17α-diol. Other compounds detected were the monosulphates of 3β,7α-dihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one, 3β,16β- dihydroxy -5- androsten-17-one, 3β,17β- dihydroxy-5-androsten-16-one, 5-androstene-3β,16β,1 7α-triol, 5-pregnene-3β,17α-diol, and 3β,17α-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one and the disulphates of 5-androstene-3β,17β-diol, 3β,16α-dihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one and 5-pregnene-3β,20α-diol. The total concentrations of steroids in the lung tissue varied from 300 to 600 μg/100 g tissue wet weight.
In order to gain some insight into the origin of the endogenous steroids detected, i. e. whether they were synthesized by the lung tissue or only filtered by it from the perfusing blood, minced lung tissue was incubated with dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone, 3β,17α-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one and with their sulphate conjugates. Evidence for the presence of the following enzymes was found: sulphokinase, 7α-hydroxylase, 16αhydroxylase, 17α-hydroxylase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and C17–20 desmolase.
SYNTHETIC LH-RH AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT
Authors: Breckwoldt M. , Czygan P.-J. , Lehmann F. , Bettendorf G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present paper describes clinical experiments performed in order to study the therapeutic value of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in patients with anovulatory sterility. The endocrine state of the patients was defined by the following parameters: Total urinary gonadotrophins, total urinary oestrogens, plasma FSH and LH-levels, plasma oestrogens and plasma progestins.
Exclusive administration of 100–200 μg synthetic LH-RH daily for 18–21 days did not result in any ovarian stimulation as determined by plasma oestrogens. HMG-stimulation, however, caused a rapid increase in plasma oestrogen values.
In a group of 13 patients with primary or secondary amenorrhoea LH-RH was used for the induction of ovulation after HMG-stimulation. LH-RH was administered by intravenous infusion at a rate of 50 μg/h for 2–8 hours. The LH increase to the pre-ovulatory levels of 50–88 mU/ml was noted in 8 patients, ovulation, however, presumably occurred in only 4 patients. One patient conceived, but the pregnancy was terminated as early abortion. An additional injection of HCG 4 days after the LH-RH infusion resulted in ovulation in one patient as evidenced by subsequent pregnancy.
The data presented indicate that synthetic LH-RH is not suitable for the induction of ovulation in HMG-stimulated ovaries. The therapeutic value of LH-RH is probably limited by the responsiveness and capacity of the pituitary.
IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF PITUITARY PROLACTIN AND GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION AND OF MAMMARY GLAND DEVELOPMENT IN MICE BY MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ADMINISTERED NEONATALLY
Authors: Nagasawa Hiroshi , Yanai Reiko , Kikuyama Sakae 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A single subcutaneous injection of 4 mg monosodium glutamate (MSG) to neonatal female mice resulted in obesity when the mice became adult. The MSG-treated mice had significantly smaller contents of prolactin and growth hormone (GH) in the pituitary, as compared with the controls at 60, 150 and 420 days of age except for the content of prolactin at 60 days of age. The development of normal and pre-neoplastic mammary systems was markedly suppressed in the MSG-treated mice at 150 and 420 days of age. The oestrous cycles of the MSG-treated mice showed longed periods of oestrus and shorter periods of dioestrus than those of the controls. The pituitary weight was significantly smaller in the MSG-treated mice than in the controls at 60 and 150 days of age. The weights of several other organs showed no difference between the groups at any of the ages examined. These results indicate that MSG inhibits the pituitary secretion of prolactin and GH through its deleterious effects on the hypothalamus and that the effects are irreversible.
BONE MINERAL CONTENT IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM WITHOUT RADIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF SKELETAL CHANGES
Authors: Dalén Nils , Hjern Bo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Bone mineral content was determined by X-ray spectrophotometry at 7 sites in 10 patients suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism without any radiological evidence of skeletal alterations. Bone mineral assays were performed before parathyroidectomy and one year after the operation in order to ascertain whether the bone mineral level is abnormal in this disease, and also whether it increases after parathyroidectomy.
In comparison with a control-group of 170 subjects the pre-operative level of bone mineral content was low for the distal radius and ulna and the calcaneus, as was the amount of bone mineral per unit volume of cortical bone in the femoral shaft. After parathyroidectomy, the mean bone mineral content for the series increased significantly in the distal radius and ulna, in the femoral neck and the calcaneus.
GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND SERUM INSULIN IN RATS AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY OF RAT ADIPOSE CELLS FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH THE PROGESTOGEN CLOMEGESTONE ACETATE
Authors: Schillinger E. , Gerloff Ch. , Gerhards E. , Günzel P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Daily treatment of rats for 2–4 weeks with 2.5 and 8 mg/kg clomegestone acetate subcutaneously (sc) results in an impairment of the intravenous (iv) glucose tolerance in spite of high circulating insulin concentrations. This effect is associated with reduced sensitivity of adipose tissue cells towards added insulin as measured in glucose conversion to CO2 and in the antilipolytic effect of insulin. In addition, fat cells exhibit a reduced response to the lipolytic action of epinephrine. Serum free fatty acids are not appreciably altered neither in fed nor in starved animals. Glycogen deposition in liver is increased. The implications of the increased insulin levels are discussed.
HYPERCORTICISM IN RABBITS IMMUNIZED AGAINST CORTICOSTEROIDS
Authors: Gless K. H. , Hanka M. , Vecsei P. , Gross F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In rabbits immunized with hemisuccinate-albumin complexes of cortisol, corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone, and aldosterone, or against all 4 corticoids simultaneously, antibody titres and plasma concentrations of the corresponding hormones were measured by means of radioimmunoassay.
In immunized rabbits, plasma concentrations were generally higher than in non-immunized controls. Plasma concentrations of cortisol were above 100 μg/100 ml in the animals with the highest cortisol antibody titres (control below 3.5 μg/100 ml). Plasma corticosterone concentrations reached levels of 20–100 μg/100 ml (control below 3.5 μg/100 ml) in rabbits immunized against corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone, or against all 4 corticoids. Concentrations of aldosterone in rabbits immunized against this hormone were 100–1000 times higher than in the control animals (17.9 ± 3.4 ng/100 ml). In all immunized animals the disappearance of intravenously administered labelled corticoids from plasma was delayed as compared with controls, indicating a diminished plasma clearance rate. After administration of ACTH, plasma concentrations of cortisol and corticosterone were the more elevated, the higher the antibody titre was.
Despite the high antibody titres, immunized animals had no signs of adrenal insufficiency. On the contrary, some of the animals showed symptoms of hypercorticism.
The mechanisms that may be responsible for the elevated plasma concentrations of the various corticoids are discussed.
URINARY EXCRETION OF OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL-17α IN COWS WITH CYSTIC OVARIES
Authors: Lunaas T. , Refsdal A. O. , Garm O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using a method comprising fluorimetry the urinary excretion of oestrogens was determined daily for an extended period of time in two cows with ovarian cysts. The excretion patterns were characterized by wide peaks separated by relatively narrow minima spaced over 2–4 weeks. During the repetitive periods of high excretion rates the urinary contents of oestrone as well as of oestradiol-17α were considerably larger than those associated with an ovulatory follicular phase in normal cows.
The oestrogen excretion in the abnormal animals decreased to low levels after ovariectomy which was performed after an observation period of about 10 weeks.
EFFECTS OF NORETHISTERONE ON PITUITARY AND OVARIAN FUNCTION
Authors: Collins W. P. , Koullapis E. N. , Ferguson K M. , Biswas S. , Sharples M. J. , Sommerville I. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of norethisterone (17α-ethynyl-17β-hydroxy-19-norandrost-4-en-3-one) on certain aspects of pituitary and ovarian function has been investigated in seven healthy women. Twenty-four urine samples were collected daily throughout control cycles and subsequently during the second cycle of treatment with 0.35 mg/day of norethisterone. LH, FSH and total oestrogens were measured in all urine specimens and the level of pregnanediol-3α-glucuronoside on selected days during the luteal phase. In addition, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and oestradiol were determined in peripheral venous plasma nine days after the peak of urinary LH. At the same time, progesterone secretion and metabolism were assessed from the analyses of urinary metabolites following the intravenous administration of labelled progesterone.
The results show that, in general, norethisterone at this dose does not affect either the level or pattern of FSH, but in five subjects, there was a variable reduction in the midcycle peak of LH (to 33–85 % of the control value). In six subjects, there was a marked reduction in the levels of urinary pregnanediol (to 8–80% of the control value), plasma progesterone (16–55 %), and the urinary production rate of progesterone (3–51 %). In contrast, the level of urinary oestrogen per cycle was increased to 140–160 % in all subjects and the mean values showed an abnormal cyclical pattern. Changes in the distribution of labelled metabolites during treatment indicated the existence of at least two pools of progesterone metabolism.
IN VITRO EFFECTS OF OESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE ON THE NUCLEIC ACID BIOSYNTHESES OF THE HUMAN FULL TERM PLACENTA
Authors: Sarkar G. C. , Mukherjee Geeta 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vitro effects of oestradiol and progesterone on the incorporation of H3 32PO4 into full term placental nucleic acids were studied. Oestradiol in a concentration of 10−6 molar and progesterone in a concentration of 10−5 molar showed optimum placental synthesis of RNA. On the other hand, the presence of a higher concentration of oestradiol than the optimum amount gave an inhibitory effect. In the case of progesterone, both the lower and higher concentrations than the optimum were inhibitory. A synergistic action on placental RNA synthesis was indicated by these hormones at their optimum concentrations. Under these conditions actinomycin D did not affect the placental RNA synthesis, suggesting a possible prevention by these hormones of the attachment of actinomycin D to the DNA chain. The DNA synthesis mechanism of the full term placenta operated at a very low efficiency and was not affected by the hormones.
BIOLOGIC AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ANTI-ANDROGENS ON RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE
Authors: Geller Jack , McCoy Kevin 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To determine whether the similarity of biologic effects of two antiandrogens, cyproterone acetate (Cyp A) and edogesterone (PH-218), could be related to one or more common biochemical effects, we have compared the effects of both drugs on 3H testosterone (3HT) entry into cells, binding to specific cytosol and nuclear androphiles, and conversion to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In chronic in vivo studies, both Cyp A and PH-218 reduced rat prostate weights by approximately 50% and specific cytosol steroid-protein complex formation by approximately 60 %. At the same time, Cyp A decreased the formation of nuclear steroid-protein complex to 10% of control values, compared with 40% for PH-218. In addition, Cyp A, but not PH-218, significantly decreased total 3HT uptake by the prostate. Similar effects of Cyp A on 3HT uptake, binding, and metabolism were noted in acute in vivo and in vitro experiments. PH-218 effects on these same parameters were reduced in acute, compared to chronic, studies. Neither drug significantly affected the conversion of T to DHT. Despite quantitative differences between Cyp A and PH-218, these studies support the concept that the biochemical common denominator for the biologic effects of anti-androgens is inhibition of specific steroid-protein complex formation in both cytosol and nucleus.
ACTION OF CYCLIC ADENOSINE 3′,5′ MONOPHOSPHATE ON PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN A THYROIDAL CELL-FREE SYSTEM. RELATION TO ATP AND GTP
Authors: Wägar Gustav 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of cAMP was studied in a microsomal cell-free system from bovine thyroid glands at low K+ (18 mm) and Na+ (2.5 mm) concentrations. cAMP (2.5–5.0 mm) caused an inhibition of [14C] leucine incorporation into TCA-precipitable protein. When equimolar concentrations of theophylline were added to the cAMP system stimulation of leucine incorporation was observed. It is suggested that the divergent effects of cAMP and the cAMP-theophylline combination is mainly due to different proportions of intact cAMP and its antimetabolite.
The stimulating effect of 1 mm cAMP-theophylline was detected at ATP concentrations ranging from 1.4 to 3.4 mm and GTP from 0.2 to 1.2 mm. High concentrations of ATP and GTP caused an inhibition, which was similar to that produced by EDTA. The inhibition was probably due to chelation of Mg2+.
The stimulating effect of cAMP-theophylline at 18 mm K+ was no longer visible when the concentration of K+ was increased to 72 mm. The stimulation of 2 mm ATP added to the basic system (1.4 mm ATP) at low K+ concentration was also no longer observed at 72 mm K+.
It is concluded that the cAMP effect is "ATP-like" in some respects.
COMPETITIVE INHIBITION BETWEEN OXYTOCIN AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR (LRF) FOR THE SAME ENZYME SYSTEM IN THE RAT HYPOTHALAMUS
Authors: Griffiths E. C. , Hooper K. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
From the observation that hypothalamic peptidases inactivating oxytocin might be involved in luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) metabolism and that the hypothalamus contains enzymes which can inactivate LRF, competitive inhibition studies were performed to determine if the peptidases inactivating oxytocin could act on LRF. In mixed substrate incubations, LRF significantly decreased peptidase activity in a hypothalamic supernatant fraction whereas thyrotrophin-releasing factor (TRF) had no effect. From kinetic studies, it was found that there was competitive inhibition between the two polypeptides for the same enzymes and that LRF may be true enzyme substrate. The results confirm the previous proposals that the hypothalamic peptidases can inactivate LRF and the possibility of a role for the enzymes in the regulation of reproductive function is suggested.
SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING TRH BIOASSAY IN MICE
Authors: Virkkunen Pekka 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In a search for optimal conditions for TRH bioassay by the McKenzie method, the effect of dietary iodine, triiodothyronine (T3) and ambient temperature were studied in female mice. Responses to TRH were so sensitive to T3 that even endogenous thyroid hormones interfered with the assay. A low-iodine diet for 2 weeks and an ambient temperature of 7°C for the last 5 days sensitized the mice to TRH. The TRH responses were maximal when 0.1 μg T3 was given 24 h previously with 131I. The smallest detectable dose of TRH was about 1 ng. With this modification the bioassay can detect both TRH and TSH. The responses due to these 2 hormones can be separated by giving different doses of T3 as pretreatment. It is concluded that each laboratory must study its own local conditions for optimal TRH bioassay.
RETINAL STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERGLYCAEMIA, HYPOINSULINAEMIA AND HYPERLIPIDAEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOPITUITARISM
Authors: Samaan N. A. , Ouais S. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twenty-four patients who had a 10-year history of hypopituitarism resulting from treated chromophobe adenoma, without known family history of diabetes, were studied during oral glucose tolerance (GTT), arginine infusion, and insulin tolerance (ITT) tests. All patients were receiving thyroid and cortisone replacement. Serum immunoreactive growth hormone (HGH) was subnormal in all patients compared with normal subjects during both arginine infusion and ITT tests (P < 0.001).
Although 9 of this hypopituitary group were diabetic, all patients showed a subnormal peak immunoreactive insulin rise during an arginine infusion test and subnormal insulinogenic index during an oral glucose tolerance test, when compared with normal subjects in the same age range. Fasting plasma triglycerides were elevated in the majority of patients, serum cholesterol in 8 while free fatty acids were high in all patients.
Hyperglycaemia, hypoinsulinaemia, hyperlipidaemia and low growth hormone levels were not associated with any of the clinical signs of vascular disease frequently seen in diabetic patients.
TRIIODOTHYRONINE LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH EUTHYROID ENDOCRINE EXOPHTHALMOS AND DURING TREATMENT OF THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: Hesch R. D. , Huefner M. , von zur Mühlen A. , Emrich D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations have been measured in 7 patients with euthyroid endocrine exophthalmos and in 8 patients with hyperthyroidism. These results have been assessed in relation to other tests of thyroid function.
The non-suppressibility of euthyroid endocrine exophthalmos is due to elevated endogenous T3 levels and correlated to a negative response of the pituitary gland to TRH.
In hyperthyroid patients who are euthyroid under antithyroid drug therapy, no general correlation of routine laboratory data with T3 levels, suppressibility and TRH response could be found. There is a gap between normal T3 and T4 levels and the restoration of the normal TRH response. A condition is described in which euthyroid patients show thyrotoxic behaviour of the pituitary receptors.
EFFECT OF MATERNAL ATHYREOSIS ON RAT EMBRYOS DURING THE LATE PHASE OF ORGANOGENESIS
Authors: Köhler E. , Wojnorowicz F. , Ehmke W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to elucidate the question whether maternal thyroid hormones are necessary for both growth and differentiation processes during the phase of organogenesis, rats were thyroidectomized on day 6 of gestation (under barbiturate anaesthesia) using a stereomicroscope. Two days after the operation a radio-iodine-test was performed which ensured that only athyroid animals were used for the experiments. The results of the studies on the growth kinetics of 11- to 14-day-old rat embryos as well as on the activity of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerases and the α-glycerophosphate oxidase in rat embryos of operated mother animals showed that thyroid hormones are not required for the early stages of development of rats.
EFFECT OF HEPARIN ON INSULIN SECRETION INDUCED BY GLUCOSE IN DOGS
Authors: Orosz L. , Fischer U. , Hommel H. , Fiedler H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In anaesthetized dogs, heparin given intravenously in a dose of 100 IU/kg 10 min before an ivGTT (0.5 g/kg) inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion as measured in portal and peripheral venous blood. Thus glucose assimilation is reduced. However there was a considerable antilipolytic action of the small quantity of secreted insulin as shown by the diminution of FFA concentration.
IN VITRO EVIDENCE FOR A PROGESTERONE AND CORTICOSTEROID BINDING PROTEIN IN THE HUMAN UTERUS
Authors: McGuire J. L. , Bariso C. D. , Fuller B. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
When 3H-progesterone was incubated with the 273 000 g supernatant fraction from human uteri, labelled steroid was bound to a macromolecular component. Concomitant incubation with unlabelled corticosteroids, progesterone, testosterone and oestradiol-17β depressed binding of 3H-progesterone, whereas cholesterol and the synthetic progestins chlormadinone and medroxyprogesterone acetate did not competitively inhibit 3H-progesterone binding. These findings are consistent with the existence of a transcortin-like progesterone binder in uteri of lower species such as the rat, guinea pig and rabbit.
OESTROGEN FORMATION IN HUMAN FOETUSES PERFUSED WITH [14-14C]PROGESTERONE
Authors: Taylor T. , Coutts J. R. T. , Macnaughton M. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four human foetuses of 16–20 weeks gestation were perfused via the umbilical vein with blood containing [4-14C]progesterone. Steroids were subsequently extracted from the livers, ovaries, adrenals and perfusates. Oestriol, containing a 14C-label was isolated and characterised from extracts of the livers, and in one case, the perfusate. Androstenedione, testosterone, oestrone and oestradiol were not present in any of the tissues in identifiable amounts.
The results demonstrate that the mid-term foetus, can form oestriol from progesterone independently of placental aromatisation.