bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Channel adjustments, bedload transport and sediment sources in a gravel‐bed river, Brenta River, Italy
Authors: Surian Nicola , Cisotto Alberto 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with the Brenta River (the Alps, Italy), a gravel‐bed river strongly affected by human impact. The aims of this work are (a) to reconstruct the channel adjustments that have occurred during the last decades and (b) to analyse the present condition of the river in terms of bedload transport and sediment sources. The study reach, which is 23 km long, was investigated using historical maps, aerial photographs, 12 monumented cross‐sections, laser altimetry data and field survey. Bedload transport rates were estimated by a morphological approach, which allows the construction of a sediment budget.Dramatic channel adjustments have occurred in response to an alteration of sediment fluxes caused by different human interventions (gravel mining, dams, torrent‐control works). Major channel adjustments, specifically incision (up to 8–9 m) and narrowing, took place between the 1950s and the 1980s. On the other hand, widening has become the most important process, and incision has continued only in the upper part of the study reach in more recent times (about the last 20–25 years).The estimate of bedload transport rates for the period 1984–1997 was carried out starting from the erosion and deposition volumes of the single sub‐reaches. Such an estimate has shown that (a) a high spatial variability of gravel transport rates exists (from 0 up to 73 200–85 400 m3/year) and (b) most of the bedload is supplied by local sources. Bank erosion is the main source of sediments for bedload transport and its contribution can be estimated as from 9 up to 20 times higher than the upstream contribution. Finally, from a practical point of view, results from this study should be taken into account in addressing maintenance, sediment management and restoration along a dynamic and unstable river such as the Brenta. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics, distribution and geomorphic role of large woody debris in a mountain stream of the Chilean Andes
Authors: Andreoli Andrea , Comiti Francesco , Lenzi Mario Aristide 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe paper presents an analysis of amounts, characteristics and morphological impact of large woody debris (LWD) in the Tres Arroyos stream, draining an old‐growth forested basin (9·1 km2) of the Chilean Southern Andes. Large woody debris has been surveyed along a 1·5 km long channel section with an average slope of 0·07 and a general step–pool/cascade morphology. Specific wood storage is very high (656–710 m3ha−1), comparable to that recorded in old‐growth forested basins in the Pacific Northwest. Half of the LWD elements were located on the active floodplain, and around two‐thirds of LWD elements were found in accumulations. Different types of log jam were observed, some heavily altering channel morphology (log‐steps and valley jams), while others just line the channel edges (bankfull bench jams). Log‐steps represent approximately 22% of all steps, whereas the elevation loss due to LWD (log‐steps and valley jams) results in 27% loss of the total stream potential energy. About 1600 m3of sediment is stored in the main channel behind LWD structures, corresponding to approximately 150% of the annual sediment yield. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecosystem expansion and contraction dynamics along a large Alpine alluvial corridor (Tagliamento River, Northeast Italy)
Authors: Doering M. , Uehlinger U. , Rotach A. , Schlaepfer D. R. , Tockner K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRiverine floodplains are pulsing ecosystems that expand and contract with changing flow. In this study we quantified large‐scale expansion and contraction dynamics of surface waters along a 41·5 km braided section of the last remaining semi‐natural large Alpine gravel‐bed river (Tagliamento River; NE Italy). To assess surface–subsurface exchange patterns we measured discharge and vertical hydraulic gradients at multiple locations along the corridor. We identified two river sections delineated by distinct geomorphic knickpoints. In the upper 29 km, Section I (losing zone), surface flow decreased on average by 2·5 ± 0·8 m3 s−1 per river‐km. In the downstream 12·5 km, Section II (gaining zone), surface flow increased on average by 0.3 ± 0.1 m3 s−1 per river‐km. The losing zone experienced frequent and extensive drying and rewetting cycles. The length of the dry river section was measured over a 1·5 year period using differential GPS. Up to 23 km of Section I fell dry at the surface. Frequent and irregular flow pulses led to rapid expansions of the wetted channel at velocities of up to 3 km h−1, while the subsequent contraction velocities were less than 0·5 km h−1. Water level was linearly regressed against the total length of the dry river section (r2 = 0·74; p < 0·0001). This relationship, in combination with a continuous stage record, was used to evaluate expansion and contraction dynamics over a 4 year period. Timing, frequency, magnitude (spatial extent) and duration of expansion and contraction dynamics reflected the flashy flow regime of the Tagliamento River, including a high intra‐ and inter‐annual variability of surface drying and rewetting. Our study emphasizes that even small changes in flow can cause major increases or decreases of ecosystem size, thereby creating a highly dynamic and harsh environment for both terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel approach to evaluate the variation of power producer's bidding curves based on dimensional reduction model
Authors: Zhou H. , Chen J. H. , Xiong X. H. , Zhang F. Q. , Han Z. X. , Sun W. Z. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA dimension reduction model is proposed in this paper. The proposed model can be used to transform the unit's biding curve of power producers of a market into a one‐dimensional feature vector, which reflects the changes of the bidding curve quite conformably. As a result, the unit's biding curves can be classified by using cluster analysis. Through clustering calculations of the bidding curves of Zhejiang electricity market, it is shown that the bidding curve can be classified accurately and efficiently by using a 20‐segment model and the squared sum of deviations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating power control with routing to satisfy energy and delay constraints in sensor networks
Authors: Bravos George , Kanatas Athanasios G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWireless sensor networks (WSNs) demand the implementation of energy‐aware techniques and low‐complexity protocols in all layers. In this paper we propose, implement and evaluate a new protocol that combines energy‐efficient routing with end‐to‐end delay minimisation, and embodies a basic power control scheme. We call this scheme energy‐delay minimisation (EDEM). We focus on two parameters that mainly affect energy efficiency, the initial transmission power and the power step used through network operation. Therefore, we investigate the optimum values for these parameters and provide an analytical solution that optimises EDEM's performance. Finally, we evaluate the proposed scheme in terms of energy efficiency and time delays using several different metrics, such as total energy consumption, dying nodes rate, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio and total time delays. The results are promising since remarkable gains are provided with respect to existing protocols. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EM based channel estimation method for MIMO‐OFDM systems
Authors: Na Chongning , Obradovic Dragan , Szabo Andrei 
Published: September 2007

AbstractStandard Wiener interpolation for Pilot Aided Channel Estimation (PACE) in OFDM systems does not utilise other available information at the receiver such as the received signals in the non‐pilot sub‐channels and the knowledge about the transmitted symbol alphabet. In addition, the standard Wiener interpolation method requires the spacing of the pilot symbols to satisfy theSampling Theorem, i.e. at least two pilot sub‐channels within the coherence bandwidth. This paper presents two novel channel estimation methods aiming at improving and expanding the PACE. The first method is based on the standard Wiener interpolation, and it achieves better performance by feeding back the posterior probabilities of the detected symbols. The second method is aiming at performing channel estimation with the placement of pilot symbols not necessarily satisfying theSampling Theorem. Both methods use the Expectation and Maximisation (EM) algorithm. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Happiness and time perspective as potential mediators of quality of life and depression in adolescent cancer
Authors: Bitsko Matthew J. , Stern Marilyn , Dillon Robyn , Russell E. Clifton , Laver Joseph 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackgroundGiven the increase in 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates of children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer, current psycho‐oncology literature is focusing on finding correlates and predictors to their positive psychosocial adjustment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two potential mediators to adolescent cancer survivors' quality of life (QOL) and depressive symptomology. Procedure: Adolescent cancer survivors (N = 50; 50% males; mean diagnosis age, 13.7; mean age at study, 20.2) were surveyed, testing the mediation effects of their happiness (Subjective Happiness Scale) and past‐negative time perspective (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory) on QOL (PedsQL 4.0) and depressive symptomology (CES‐D). Independent variables included gender and treatment intensity.ResultsHappiness significantly mediated the relationship between treatment intensity in both depressive symptomology (β = −0.65, P < 0.05, CI = −2.46, −6.41) and QOL (β = 0.54, P < 0.05, CI = 3.66, 9.01). A past‐negative time perspective significantly mediated the relationship between gender and depressive symptomology (β = 0.60, P < 0.05, CI = 3.34, 9.78). Survivors' gender was not associated with happiness and treatment intensity was not associated with time perspective.ConclusionsHappiness may be a more direct predictor of QOL and depression than the intensity of treatment for cancer. Also, thinking negatively about one's past may be a more direct predictor of depressive symptomology than being female. Therefore, interventions that cultivate happiness and reframe time perspective may be effective ways to improve survivors' QOL and decrease depressive symptoms—regardless of gender and intensity of treatment protocol. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:613–619. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent trend of the partial discharge measurement technique using the UHF electromagnetic wave detection method
Authors: Hikita Masayuki , Ohtsuka Shinya , Matsumoto Satoshi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe ultra high frequency (UHF) electromagnetic wave detection method has been widely studied and used in partial discharge (PD) measurement and as a diagnostic technique for insulation performance in gas‐insulated switchgears (GIS) and transformers. The UHF method has advantages such as high sensitivity, wide detection range and reduced external disturbances. On the other hand, there are still some issues to be solved in the UHF methods, such as a clear understanding of the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves arising from the structure of the equipment, optimization of antenna design, calibration of charge, etc. This article deals with the present status and future trend of the technology of this promising UHF method of PD measurement, together with recent activities and results from our laboratory. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Latest research activity on the standard of high‐voltage impulse in Japan
Authors: Wakimoto Takayuki , Ishii Masaru 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA national‐standard‐class impulse voltage measuring system in Japan was developed in the consignment research of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) from 1998 to 2006. The standard measuring system for the impulse voltage measurements is to be managed by the Japan High‐voltage Impulse testing Laboratories Liaison (JHILL) established under the Japan Electric Machine Industry Association (JEMA).In this paper, the composition of this standard measuring system, its performances and international compatibility, the domestic traceability system and related latest activities are described. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Condition monitoring systems for power equipment using Internet‐based technology
Authors: Maruyama Shiro , Saito Minoru , Shimizu Kenji , Yoshii Kouji 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe implementation of Internet technologies in power equipment monitoring systems will allow free and flexible acquisition of power system information and equipment sensor information at remote locations. By utilizing general‐purpose Internet technologies such as IP telecommunication and browser, widely distributed data can be collected easily. This paper introduces the basic configurations of Internet‐based systems and provides examples of where these systems have been implemented. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A design of MOSFET‐C impedance simulation circuits based on a GIC
Authors: Sato Takahide , Takagi Shigetaka , Fujii Nobuo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a systematic design method of MOSFET‐C impedance simulation circuits based on a generalized immittance converter (GIC). The design method can realize inductance simulation circuits, capacitance multipliers and frequency‐dependent negative resistances (FDNRs) only by MOSFETs, capacitors and two operational amplifiers. Although MOSFETs are used instead of passive resistors, the realized impedance simulation circuits have good linearity since the nonlinearity caused by MOSFETs are cancelled out. The proposed design method derives three inductance simulation circuits, five capacitance multipliers and two FDNRs systematically from a GIC. All of them are summarized in this paper. As an example, inductance simulation circuits are designed by using the proposed design method. The inductance simulation circuits are applied to a filter realization and validity of the design method is confirmed by HSPICE simulations. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Screening of depressive tendency in children by evaluating facial expression cognition
Authors: Sugiura Akihiko , Kirana Rini Pura , Yonemura Keiichi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThese days suicides are being committed by students at all three levels of schooling. This serious problem is one that we should respond to as quickly as possible. Pediatric depression is a potential source of this problem. Previously, we have reported a simple diagnosis of the depressed state using facial expression cognition in the case of adults. There we implemented a self‐diagnostic inspection that can be carried out easily in a short time for the screening of depression. In this report, we examine whether the method we developed for adults may be applied to children as a fast and effective response to the big problem of pediatric depression. Through this examination, we hope that we can respond quickly to the problem of suicides by students in schools at all three levels caused by depression. Moreover, we can respond to a situation in which the school and parents do not understand the children's mental state that contributes heavily to these acts. From this response, we can evolve a better support system. Furthermore, we examine an application that uses a hand phone to improve the early stages of detection and evolve a support system through the increased number of users. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Secure interconnection protocol for integrated Internet and ad hoc networks
Authors: Xie Bin , Kumar Anup , Agrawal Dharma P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIntegration of ad hoc networks with the Internet provides global Internet connectivity for ad hoc hosts through the coordination of mobile IP and ad hoc protocols. In a pure ad hoc network, it is difficult to establish trust relationship between two ad hoc hosts due to lack of infrastructure or centralized administration. In this paper, an infrastructure‐supported and distributed authentication protocol is proposed to enhance trust relationships amongst ad hoc hosts. In addition, an effective secure routing protocol (SRP) is discussed to protect the multi‐hop route for Internet and ad hoc communication. In the integrated ad hoc networks with Internet accessibility, the ad hoc routing security deployed with the help of infrastructure has a fundamental impact on ad hoc hosts in term of Internet access, integrity, and authentication. Both analysis and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed security protocol. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phospholipid composition of some plant oils at different stages of refining, measured by the latroscan‐Chromarod method
Authors: Du Plessis L. M. , Pretorius H. E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAlthough the phospholipid composition of crude plant oils has been well studied, not much is known about the effect of the different refining processes on the individual phospholipids. This information is useful to the manufacturer to optimize the refining process. In this study corn, sunflower seed and peanut oils, at different stages of refining, were analyzed with the Iatroscan‐chromarod method. The total phosphorus content of the samples was also determined with a classical method. The Iatroscan gave results of acceptable accuracy for the analysis of crude oils with phospholipid‐phosphorus values between 145 and 536 ppm. However, for oils at further stages of refining, with phospholipid‐phosphorus values between 1 and 10 ppm, less accurate results were obtained. For these oils, the latroscan results had to be supported by conventional thin layer chromatography. Degummed oils contained phosphatidyl‐choline (1.1‐22 ppm P), phosphatidylethanolamine (1‐2 ppm P), phosphatidylinositol (trace‐10 ppm P) and phosphatidic acid (trace‐5 ppm P). Further refined oils contained no phospholipids with the exception of two samples. Bleached sunflower oil contained about 1 ppm phosphatidylinositol and bleached peanut oil contained ca. 1 ppm phosphatidylethanolamine and 1 ppm phosphatidylcholine. Fully refined edible oils contained no phospholipids.
Effect of selected antioxidants on the stability of virgin olive oil
Authors: Kiritsakis A. K. , Stine C. M. , Dugan L. R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractVirgin unrefined olive oil was protected from oxidation with the antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and in one case propyl gallate (PG). All the antioxidants improved the stability of olive oil under accelerated conditions (oven test) and storage conditions at 50 C. In the oven test, where the type of oil used was the same as that used in long‐term storage studies (room temperature and 50 C) the relative inhibition effect of the antioxidants was in the following order: TBHQ = BHA > BHT. The combinations of BHA and BHT with TBHQ displayed better stabilizing qualities. Antioxidants did not prevent peroxide formation in olive oil stored at room temperature in daylight; these samples oxidized to a high degree, probably due to the catalytic action of chlorophyll. Citric acid (CA) used alone did not affect the oxidative stability of the oil in the oven test and at room temperature in the dark, but exhibited a negative effect at 50 C. The reduction in peroxide content with teritary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in the dark at 50 C was greater than anticipated from the oven studies. Potency of the antioxidants under these conditions (50 C) was in the following order: TBHQ> BHT > BHA. The combinations of BHA 0.01% or BHT 0.01% with TBHQ 0.005% used in the dark at 50 C were less effective than TBHQ 0.01%.
Effect of treatment on biclonal gammopathy associated with Gaucher disease
Authors: Decaux O. , Ruelland A. , Grosbois B. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThe non‐random association of Gaucher disease with polyclonal and monoclonal gammopathy has been known since 1950. The effect of treatment on monoclonal gammopathy is not well documented. We report on the long‐term evolution of a biclonal gammopathy in a patient with type I Gaucher disease who was treated with splenectomy and enzyme replacement therapy. A 44‐year‐old man presented with hepatomegaly and massive splenomegaly. Bone marrow aspirate contained typical Gaucher cells and β‐glucosidase was low in peripheral blood leukocytes. Mutations N370S and R120W were detected. Serum protein electrophoresis disclosed two spikes in gammaglobulins. Immunofixation identified two monoclonal components: IgG kappa and IgA kappa. Gammaglobulin concentration was 31.6 g/L. A splenectomy was performed on September 2003 because of massive splenomegaly (9500 g). Two months after the splenectomy, gammaglobulin concentration was 25.2 g/L. Enzyme replacement therapy (Cerezyme 45 UI/kg every two weeks) was prescribed from April 2004 because of significant hepatomegaly and cholestasis. In April 2007 (3 years after the beginning of treatment), serum electrophoresis showed the persistence of two spikes with gammaglobulin concentration at 20.5 g/L. Simultaneously, chitotriosidase activity decreased from 6181 to 2877 nkat/L. Our observation and previous reports suggest that enzyme replacement therapy is more effective in polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia than in monoclonal gammopathy.
The potential role of polyploidy and hybridisation in the further evolution of the highly invasive Fallopia taxa in Europe
Authors: Bailey John P. , Bímová Kateřina , Mandák Bohumil 
Published: September 2007

AbstractJapanese knotweed s.l. comprises Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis, F. × bohemica and any F2s or backcrosses. The parental taxa were introduced from the East to the West as garden ornamentals in the nineteenth century, and soon spread beyond the confines of the garden to become widespread and persistent weeds. Since only female F. japonica var. japonica was introduced, its impressive spread has occurred solely by vegetative means. However, the initial lack of genetic variability has been complemented by an extensive series of hybridisations in the adventive range. We examine the history, spread, reproductive biology and ecological impact of these species in the West. The role and importance of polyploidy and hybridisation in their invasion of the West is discussed, as are the implications of these factors for the potential further evolution of the group.