bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet vision in anemonefish improves colour discrimination
Authors: Mitchell Laurie J. , Phelan Amelia , Cortesi Fabio , Marshall N. Justin , Chung Wen-sung , Osorio Daniel C. , Cheney Karen L. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
In many animals, ultraviolet (UV) vision guides navigation, foraging, and communication, but few studies have addressed the contribution of UV signals to colour vision, or measured UV discrimination thresholds using behavioural experiments. Here, we tested UV colour vision in an anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) using a five-channel (RGB-V-UV) LED display. We first determined that the maximal sensitivity of the A. ocellaris UV cone was ∼386 nm using microspectrophotometry. Three additional cone spectral sensitivities had maxima at ∼497, 515 and ∼535 nm. We then behaviourally measured colour discrimination thresholds by training anemonefish to distinguish a coloured target pixel from grey distractor pixels of varying intensity. Thresholds were calculated for nine sets of colours with and without UV signals. Using a tetrachromatic vision model, we found that anemonefish were better (i.e. discrimination thresholds were lower) at discriminating colours when target pixels had higher UV chromatic contrast. These colours caused a greater stimulation of the UV cone relative to other cone types. These findings imply that a UV component of colour signals and cues improves their detectability, which likely increases the prominence of anemonefish body patterns for communication and the silhouette of zooplankton prey.
Problematizando a matriz energética na sala de aula, com enfoque para energia solar
Authors: Correia Felipe Moreira , Vianna Deise Miranda 
Published: April 2024

A sociedade está em uma fase de destaque do meio ambiente alavancada pelos impactos causados pela ação do homem, tornando essencial a mudança de hábitos, leis e ideias sobre o mundo. Para alinhar a sala de aula com essas novas demandas é preciso levar a discussão para dentro dela, adaptando a disciplina ministrada com o contexto atual. Trazemos uma atividade que se baseia no enfoque CTS (Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade) que relaciona esses três elementos dentro do tema, de tal forma que promova a Alfabetização Científica dos alunos, ou seja, promova a capacidade de argumentar, refletir, questionar e consequentemente se posicionando com um olhar crítico para o problema apresentado. A atividade é uma Sequência de Ensino por Investigação (SEI), que se inicia com uma problematização da matriz energética brasileira e segue investigando as aplicações das radiações emitidas pelo Sol, com objetivo de destacar o processo de conversão da Energia Solar em Energia Elétrica. Este projeto foi levado para a sala de aula em turma da terceira série da rede particular, com duração de cinco dias. Fundamentada na alteração da postura do aluno e do professor, colocar o estudante para participar ativamente, tomando para si o protagonismo da atividade e o professor atuando como guia, auxiliando o debate entre os estudantes. Trazemos dois episódios transcritos da participação dos alunos que explicita o processo de Alfabetização Científica dos alunos durante a atividade. A sociedade está em uma fase de destaque do meio ambiente alavancada pelos impactos causados pela ação do homem, tornando essencial a mudança de hábitos, leis e ideias sobre o mundo. Para alinhar a sala de aula com essas novas demandas é preciso levar a discussão para dentro dela, adaptando a disciplina ministrada com o contexto atual. Trazemos uma atividade que se baseia no enfoque CTS (Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade) que relaciona esses três elementos dentro do tema, de tal forma que promova a Alfabetização Científica dos alunos, ou seja, promova a capacidade de argumentar, refletir, questionar e consequentemente se posicionando com um olhar crítico para o problema apresentado. A atividade é uma Sequência de Ensino por Investigação (SEI), que se inicia com uma problematização da matriz energética brasileira e segue investigando as aplicações das radiações emitidas pelo Sol, com objetivo de destacar o processo de conversão da Energia Solar em Energia Elétrica. Este projeto foi levado para a sala de aula em turma da terceira série da rede particular, com duração de cinco dias. Fundamentada na alteração da postura do aluno e do professor, colocar o estudante para participar ativamente, tomando para si o protagonismo da atividade e o professor atuando como guia, auxiliando o debate entre os estudantes. Trazemos dois episódios transcritos da participação dos alunos que explicita o processo de Alfabetização Científica dos alunos durante a atividade.
O MATERIALISMO HISTÓRICO-DIALÉTICO COMO MÉTODO DE PESQUISA PARA AS QUESTÕES RACIAIS:
Authors: Mendes Diego Maradona da Hora , Rostas Márcia Helena Sauaia Guimarães 
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo teve por objetivo abordar as possibilidades de análise das questões raciais sob a lente do Materialismo Histórico-dialético (MHD) subsidiados por um recorte de uma pesquisa do tipo estado do conhecimento. Nela foi utilizada, como corpus de análise, uma tese e uma dissertação – fundamentadas pelo MHD como método de pesquisa e o referendando na discussão racial. As pesquisas que compõem o corpus, em análise, possuem a Lei 10.639/03 e a educação antirracista como objeto de estudo e visam investigar como tem sido executada a implementação da referida lei, a partir da gestão educacional brasileira, seus respectivos órgãos competentes e seus gestores, e a construção curricular, nas formas de documentos e ações. Os estudos, apesar de traçarem percursos metodológicos diferentes, concordam com a existência de muitas precariedades na formação de docentes para o ensino das relações étnico-raciais e, consequentemente, para a concretização de uma educação antirracista, reforçam a premissa de que o racismo estrutural e a divisão social em classes são as bases que alicerçam as dificuldades de sua implementação. Em contrapartida enquanto resultado do uso do MHD como método de pesquisa para discussão racial as análises ratificam a sua eficiência.
Qualitative analysis of healthcare information technology using a novel short-form questionnaire in a UK district hospital
Authors: Deo Sunny , Barnes Eve , Arnold-Smith Peter 
Published: April 2024

Background/Aims Healthcare technology is a rapidly expanding field, with the potential to substantially increase the quality and efficiency of care delivery. Despite this, there is no standardised method of assessing the quality of hardware and software information technology (IT) used by frontline healthcare workers. The study aimed to evaluate doctors' perspectives of the IT systems in place at their hospital, with a view to informing wider improvements to healthcare IT. Methods A six-item questionnaire was designed to collect quantitative and qualitative data on the perspectives of clinicians working in a UK hospital regarding the IT at their workplace; this study focused on the qualitative results only. The survey was distributed via the institution's intranet to all contracted doctors at the hospital. Respondents were asked to make up to three comments about the IT systems. Results were classified as positive, negative, neutral suggestion or unusable, and thematic analysis was used to identify themes. Descriptive statistics were used to explore differences between respondents of different levels of seniority (consultant vs junior doctor) and area of specialty. Results A total of 196 doctors completed the questionnaires, of whom 104 were consultants and 92 were junior doctors. A total of 535 comments were made, of which 340 (63.6%) were negative and only 47 (8.8%) were positive. The three most common themes were: speed and ease of use; software and hardware; and integration of systems. Junior doctors gave a higher proportion of negative comments than consultants, while those working in the emergency department, intensive care or anaesthetics gave a lower proportion of negative comments than those working in other specialties. Conclusions Respondents had a largely negative view of the IT systems in place in their hospital. Further evaluation is needed to assess the quality of NHS IT systems on a wider scale, using insights from clinicians to identify and address issues.
Effect of Buerger–Allen exercise on wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ahmad Ahmad Mahdi , Mohammed Alaa Abulfotouh , Khalifa Walaa Anwar , Ali Heba Mohammed , Abdel-Aziz Akram 
Published: April 2024

Objective: A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a complication of type 2 diabetes that is difficult to treat. Buerger–Allen exercise has shown effectiveness in improving foot circulation and neuropathy in several studies; however, to the best of our knowledge, no randomised controlled study has investigated its effectiveness for DFU healing. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of Buerger–Allen exercise on the healing of DFUs in patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: This is a parallel-group randomised controlled trial (RCT). Of 50 patients with neuropathic DFUs, 41 completed the study. They were assigned randomly to a study group (n=21) and a control group (n=20). Patients in the study group received the standard medical treatment and semi-supervised Buerger–Allen exercise for three sessions per week for four weeks, while patients in the control group only received the standard medical treatment. The outcome measures were: ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI); ulcer size; ulcer depth; SINBAD score; and ulcer risk for poor outcomes (based on the SINBAD score). Results: The study group's mean age was 49.48±6.45 years and the control group's mean age was 49.15±5.85. The study group's ABPI increased significantly compared to the baseline (1.17±0.04 versus 1.11±0.05, respectively; p<0.001) and the control group (1.17±0.04 versus 1.14±0.05, respectively; p=0.04) post-intervention. Ulcer size also reduced significantly in the study group compared to the baseline (2.63±2.0 versus 7.48±5.55cm2, respectively; p<0.001) and the control group (2.63±2.0 versus 6.43±4.45cm2, respectively; p<0.001) post-intervention. Ulcer depth decreased significantly in the study group compared to the baseline (1.71±1.05 versus 4.19±1.74mm, respectively; p<0.001) and the control group (1.71±1.05 versus 2.80±1.57mm, respectively; p=0.01) post-intervention. Furthermore, the SINBAD score in the study group decreased significantly compared to the baseline (1.38±0.86 versus 2.14±1.06, respectively; p<0.001) and the control group (1.38±0.86 versus 2.0±0.79, respectively; p=0.02) post-intervention. Moreover, the ulcer risk for poor outcomes, based on the SINBAD score, reduced significantly only in the study group, compared to the baseline (p=0.041). The control group showed non-significant changes compared to the baseline in all outcome measures (p>0.05). Conclusion: From the findings of this RCT, Buerger–Allen exercise, in combination with standard wound care, may help accelerate the healing of neuropathic DFUs in patients with type 2 diabetes, and could be suggested as part of the management plan for such conditions as an easy-to-perform offloading exercise intervention.
Incisal edge resorption of an unerupted maxillary incisor: a previously unreported phenomenon
Authors: Sawyer Jennifer , Scott Julia 
Published: April 2024

A healthy 8-year-old male presented with an unerupted upper right central incisor (UR1) associated with two supernumerary teeth. Despite extraction of the supernumerary teeth, a gold chain bonded to the UR1 and 16 months of orthodontic traction, the UR1 failed to erupt. A decision was therefore made for extraction and replacement. At the time of surgery, it was noted that the incisal edge of the crown was significantly resorbed. This report describes the presentation, investigation and management of the ectopic, impacted UR1 with a discussion of the possible aetiology of the resorption of the crown. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This report describes the presentation, investigation and management of the ectopic, impacted UR1 with a discussion of the possible aetiology of the resorption of the crown.
A multidisciplinary approach to managing a missing central incisor, impacted canines and complex medical history: a case report
Authors: Humphreys Judi , Keshtgar Asma , Bryant Cathy , Patel Maalini , Sood Sanjeev , Patel Shruti 
Published: April 2024

Hypodontia of a maxillary central incisor is infrequent and can indicate Solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome. We report on an 11-year-old child with medical comorbidities who presented with hypodontia of a maxillary central incisor, buccally impacted maxillary canines and root resorption of the maxillary lateral incisors. She had previously had dental extractions. Joint orthodontic–paediatric–oral surgery treatment included loss of the maxillary lateral incisors and fixed orthodontic appliances to idealize space for prosthetic replacement of a central incisor. The value of multidisciplinary planning is emphasized and the dental considerations for patients with complex medical histories explored. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The reader should have an understanding of the importance of a joint orthodontic-paediatric-oral surgery approach when managing complex paediatric dental patients.
Laboratory soft X-ray setup for transient absorption experiments in the liquid phase using a laser-produced plasma source
Authors: Gnewkow Richard , Stiel Holger , Jonas Adrian , Schönfelder Silvana , Probst Jürgen , Krist Thomas , Kanngiesser Birgit , Mantouvalou Ioanna 
Published: April 2024

With time-resolved soft X-ray spectroscopy, the element-specific dynamics of the electronic structure of disordered systems can be investigated. Measurements of species in dilute liquid solutions are particularly challenging and require high photon flux combined with low experimental noise. This mostly limited these experiments to large-scale facilities, especially for energies above the water window (533 eV). Based on a laser-produced plasma source, our system enables, to the best of our knowledge, the first static and transient experiments in the liquid phase to be performed in the laboratory for energies up to 1400 eV and with a time resolution of 500 ps. We benchmark the system with static investigations of [Ni(CN)4]2− and transient experiments on the widely used model complex [Fe(bpy)3]2+, both in an aqueous solution. The introduced self-referencing concept ensures that the measurements are photon noise limited. Our results form the basis for further liquid-phase experiments investigating the dynamics in diluted solutions.
High-resolution mid-infrared single-photon upconversion ranging
Authors: Jiang Shuhong , Huang Kun , Yu Tingting , Fang Jianan , Sun Ben , Liang Yan , Hao Qiang , Wu E. , Yan Ming , Zeng Heping 
Published: April 2024

Single-photon laser ranging has widespread applications in remote sensing and target recognition. However, highly sensitive light detection and ranging (lidar) has long been restricted in the visible or near-infrared bands. An appealing quest is to extend the operation wavelength into the mid-infrared (MIR) region, which calls for an infrared photon-counting system at high detection sensitivity and precise temporal resolution. Here, we devise and demonstrate an MIR upconversion lidar based on nonlinear asynchronous optical sampling. Specifically, the infrared probe is interrogated in a nonlinear crystal by a train of pump pulses at a slightly different repetition rate, which favors temporal optical scanning at a picosecond timing resolution and a kilohertz refreshing rate over ∼50  ns. Moreover, the cross-correlation upconversion trace is temporally stretched by a factor of 2×104, which can thus be recorded by a low-bandwidth silicon detector. In combination with the time-correlated photon-counting technique, the achieved effective resolution is about two orders of magnitude better than the timing jitter of the detector itself, which facilitates a ranging precision of 4 μm under a low detected flux of 8×10−5 photons per pulse. The presented MIR time-of-flight range finder is featured with single-photon sensitivity and high positioning resolution, which would be particularly useful in infrared sensing and imaging in photon-starved scenarios.
Rates of Recurrent Intestinal Metaplasia and Dysplasia After Successful Endoscopic Therapy of Barrett's Neoplasia by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection vs Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection and Ablation: A Large North American Multicenter Cohort
Authors: Vantanasiri Kornpong , Joseph Abel , Sachdeva Karan , Goyal Rohit , Garg Nikita , Adoor Dayyan , Kamboj Amrit K. , Codipilly D. Chamil , Leggett Cadman , Wang Kenneth K. , Harmsen William , Hayat Umar , Chak Amitabh , Bhatt Amit , Iyer Prasad G. 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) combining endoscopic resection (ER) with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) followed by ablation is the standard of care for the treatment of dysplastic Barrett's esophagus (BE). We have previously shown comparable rates of complete remission of intestinal metaplasia (CRIM) with both approaches. However, data comparing recurrence after CRIM are lacking. We compared rates of recurrence after CRIM with both techniques in a multicenter cohort.

METHODS:
Patients undergoing EET achieving CRIM at 3 academic institutions were included. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted. Outcomes included rates and predictors of any BE and dysplastic BE recurrence in the 2 groups. Cox-proportional hazards models and inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis were used for analysis.

RESULTS:
A total of 621 patients (514 EMR and 107 ESD) achieving CRIM were included in the recurrence analysis. The incidence of any BE (15.7, 5.7 per 100 patient-years) and dysplastic BE recurrence (7.3, 5.3 per 100 patient-years) were comparable in the EMR and ESD groups, respectively. On multivariable analyses, the chances of BE recurrence were not influenced by ER technique (hazard ratio 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.51–1.49; P = 0.62), which was also confirmed by IPTW analysis (ESD vs EMR: hazard ratio 0.98; 95% confidence interval 0.56–1.73; P = 0.94). BE length, lesion size, and history of cigarette smoking were independent predictors of BE recurrence.

DISCUSSION:
Patients with BE dysplasia/neoplasia achieving CRIM, initially treated with EMR/ablation, had comparable recurrence rates to ESD/ablation. Randomized trials are needed to confirm these outcomes between the 2 ER techniques.
Exploring challenges of alarm root-cause analysis across varying production process types
Authors: Vogel-Heuser Birgit , Fay Alexander , Rupprecht Bernhard , Kunze Franz C. , Hankemeier Victoria , Westermann Tom , Manca Gianluca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlarm management systems in the process industry use root-cause analysis methods to reduce alarm logs. To enable the application of these methods in different plant types, the alarm characteristics of a continuous, two discrete, and a hybrid plant are examined. The main contribution is threefold. First, root-cause analysis requirements, posed by different plant types, are revealed. Next, existing approaches are assessed against the requirements. Since the root-cause is not necessarily the first alarm in time, its justification requires further plant knowledge. Thus, engineering documents and the necessary formalized knowledge to justify root-causes are identified.
Effect of short heat treatment on mechanical properties and shape memory properties of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloy
Authors: Adnan Raad Suhail Ahmed , Annon Iman Adnan , Noori Sundus M. , Dauod Dauod Selman 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The transformation of shape-memory alloys to high-temperature shape-memory alloys can be achieved through either the addition of alloying elements or heat treatment. However, heat treatment is more effective in improving the properties of the alloys. This research paper explores the impact of annealing on the mechanical and shape memory properties of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloys. The alloys were first cast, homogenized, and then machined before being aged at temperatures of 250, 300, and 350°C, and finally air-cooled. The results showed an increase in transformation temperature and recovery strain, as well as shape memory effect, and a decrease in hardness. Moreover, there was an increase in yield stress and strain. In conclusion, aging was found to improve the shape memory properties and mechanical properties better than thermomechanical treatment and some alloying elements.
Twisted conjugacy in residually finite groups of finite Prüfer rank
Authors: Troitsky Evgenij 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Suppose 𝐺 is a residually finite group of finite upper rank admitting an automorphism 𝜑 with finite Reidemeister number

R
⁢

(
φ
)

R(\varphi)

(the number of 𝜑-twisted conjugacy classes).
We prove that such a 𝐺 is soluble-by-finite (in other words, any residually finite group of finite upper rank that is not soluble-by-finite has the

R
∞

R_{\infty}

property).
This reduction is the first step in the proof of the second main theorem of the paper: suppose 𝐺 is a residually finite group of finite Prüfer rank and 𝜑 is its automorphism.
Then

R
⁢

(
φ
)

R(\varphi)

(if it is finite) is equal to the number of equivalence classes of finite-dimensional irreducible unitary representations of 𝐺, which are fixed points of the dual map

φ
̂

:

[
ρ
]

↦

[

ρ
∘
φ

]

\hat{\varphi}\colon[\rho]\mapsto[\rho\circ\varphi]

(i.e. we prove the TBFT𝑓, the finite version of the conjecture about the twisted Burnside–Frobenius theorem, for such groups).
Hydrogen storage and handling with hydrides
Authors: Baricco Marcello , Dematteis Erika M. , Barale Jussara , Costamagna Mattia , Sgroi Mauro F. , Palumbo Mauro , Rizzi Paola 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
After production and before the use in different applications, hydrogen may need to be purified, transported, compressed and stored. Hydrogen is conventionally stored in high pressure gas cylinders and, as a liquid phase at low temperatures, in opened tanks. These methods present several economic and security problems. So, hydrogen storage in liquid or solid carriers is a suitable method for future applications. Hydrogen absorption and desorption in metal and complex hydrides will be discussed. Examples are provided, including the role of additives in promoting hydrogen sorption reactions. Some case studies using metal hydrides as hydrogen carrier are presented. The HyCARE project, focussed on the development of an efficient metal hydride-based system for the storage of renewables energies is presented, giving evidence of about 50 kg of hydrogen stored in metal hydrides. A small-scale hydrogen refuelling station developed to provide hydrogen for a fuel cell driven drone will be described. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with developed systems is also shortly described. Finally, main open challenges will be outlined, suggesting possible approaches for their overcoming.