bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model of simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis in an Upflow Packed‐Bed Biofilm Reactor: Nitrogen compounds' inhibition and pseudo two‐dimensional biofilm model
Authors: Huiliñir César , Aspé Estrella , Roeckel Marlene 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The modelling of simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis (DM) in upflow packed‐bed biofilm reactors (UPBR) and the effect of inhibition by nitrogen compounds on methanogenesis has received little attention. This study evaluated the effect using a model that incorporates a pseudo‐two‐dimensional biofilm model.RESULTS: The model was validated through comparison with experimental data, and achieved deviations below 5% for the liquid and gas phases. The model indicated that biomass stratification exists throughout the reactor and within the biofilm interior. At C/N ratios close to the stoichiometric C/N ratio, the process achieves efficiencies greater than 70% for nitrogen load rate (NLR) < 270 mg NO3−‐N dm−3 h−1. At high C/N ratios (50 mg total organic carbon (TOC) mg−1 NO3−‐N), the process achieves efficiencies greater than 70% for organic load rate (OLR) < 83 mg TOC dm−3 h−1.CONCLUSION: The inclusion of the inhibition of methanogenesis by nitrogen compounds did not improve the predictions. Indeed, mass transfer in the biofilm was the phenomenon that most influenced the process. At C/N ratios close to the stoichiometric C/N ratio, process efficiency depends on the NLR; while at high C/N ratios, process efficiency depends on the OLR. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Separation of fatty acids from binary melts using physical vapour deposition (PVD)
Authors: Kim Young Han , Jeong Su Yeong , Nishitani Shunsuke , Maeda Kouji , Asakuma Yusuke , Fukui Keisuke 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The use of fatty acid mixtures, natural biochemical compounds, will be extended to various chemical industries for the production of a wide variety of products, and various mixtures of fatty acids are necessary for production. Separation of a binary fatty acid mixture of lauric acid and myristic acid using physical vapour deposition (PVD) on a cold quartz crystal resonator is examined. The extremely small amount of deposits can be measured with the quartz crystal resonator. The vapour phase is prepared by vaporizing a calculated composition of melt according to the vapour‐liquid equilibrium (VLE).RESULTS: The composition of lauric acid in the melt and the melt temperature were utilized as operating variables in the PVD. The growth rate of deposit increases when melt temperature and the composition of lauric acid in the melt are increased. The composition of lauric acid in the deposit is significantly lower than that of the melt of 19% lauric acid, but the composition of lauric acid in the deposit is much higher than that of the melts of 50% and 75% lauric acid.CONCLUSION: The distribution coefficient of lauric acid between solid and vapour phases can be correlated as a function of the growth rate of deposit. The possibility of separation of fatty acid mixtures by PVD is suggested experimentally and theoretically. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Extraction of pure lycopene from industrial tomato by‐products in water using a new high‐pressure process
Authors: Naviglio Daniele , Pizzolongo Fabiana , Ferrara Lydia , Aragòn Alejandro , Santini Antonello 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Lycopene, a precursor of β‐carotene with a well‐known antioxidant activity, contained in many natural products such as tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), watermelon, red pepper and papaya, is usually recovered from natural vegetal sources using organic solvents and a purification step. In this paper an innovative process for the extraction of pure lycopene from tomato waste in water that uses the Naviglio® extractor and water as extracting phase is presented.RESULTS: Lycopene was obtained in the all‐trans form at a very high grade of purity, not less than 98% (w/w), with an average recovery of 14% (w/w). The availability of high‐purity trans‐lycopene allowed measurement of the molar absorption coefficient. An alternative procedure for high‐performance liquid chromatographic analysis using a phenyl‐hexyl silicone phase as inverse phase and a linear gradient in water and acetonitrile is also described.CONCLUSIONS: The use of water as extracting phase considerably reduces the cost of the entire process when compared with the commonly used solvent‐based procedure or with the newer supercritical extraction process of lycopene from tomato waste. Lycopene, not soluble in water, was recovered in a quasi‐crystalline solid form and purified by solid‐phase extraction using a small amount of organic solvent. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical IndustryThis article was published online on September 15, 2008. Errors in Figures 2‐4 were subsequently identified. The publishers wish to apologise for these errors. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected [September 19, 2008]
Effects of product information and consumer attitudes on responses to milk and soybean vanilla beverages
Authors: Villegas Beatriz , Carbonell Inmaculada , Costell Elvira 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: A study was made into how the type of information (picture of real package or card with beverage type and nutritional facts) and consumer attitudes (interest in eating healthily and food neophobia) affect hedonic ratings and purchase intention with respect to milk and soybean vanilla beverages and to what extent the expectations created by information influence the hedonic ratings of these products.RESULTS: A significant effect of the interaction between samples and information type was detected for both expected acceptability and purchase intention when only information about the samples was provided. The effect of this interaction was significant for acceptability ratings when the samples were evaluated together with corresponding information. The acceptability and purchase intention for two soymilk samples were significantly higher for consumers interested in eating healthily. Both types of information generated an assimilation effect for four samples; however, only for milk beverages was this effect complete.CONCLUSION: Information affected purchase intention to a greater extent than it did hedonic ratings. Type of information significantly affected hedonic ratings in most samples, although sensory quality seemed more decisive for two of the soymilk samples. The extent to which information influenced consumer behaviour was also dependent on some consumer attitudes, such as interest in eating healthily. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Processing and cooking effects on chemical, nutritional and functional properties of pasta obtained from selected emmer genotypes
Authors: Fares Clara , Codianni Pasquale , Nigro Franca , Platani Cristiano , Scazzina Francesca , Pellegrini Nicoletta 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Emmer wheat (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum Schrank) is an old Mediterranean crop grown for centuries and progressively replaced with durum wheat. Although most of its supposed nutritional properties have not yet been scientifically proven, emmer seems to be appreciated for its content of dietary fibre, resistant starch (RS) and antioxidant compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the profiles of dietary fibre, starch and antioxidant compounds in raw materials and in semolina of 13 selected emmer lines and their parents (a durum wheat cultivar and an old T. turgidum dicoccum population). Moreover, the cooking effect on functional properties and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of pasta derived from emmer lines and the in vivo effect of pasta on postprandial glucose response were determined.RESULTS: Processing and cooking affected the dietary fibre content of pasta: the insoluble dietary fibre content was increased, while a slight loss of soluble dietary fibre was observed. Cooking also resulted in a noteworthy increase in amylose and RS content. The antioxidant compounds (i.e., tocols and carotenoids) as well as TAC decreased dramatically after cooking. Pasta obtained with an emmer line significantly lowered the glycaemic index, strengthening the concept of pasta product as a source of functional components in the habitual diet.CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that emmer semolina is suitable for the preparation of pasta with good organoleptic quality and represents a source of RS and fibre, but processing and cooking negatively affected the amount of antioxidant compounds detected in the wholemeal. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Oil recovery and lecithin production using water degumming sludge of crude soybean oils
Authors: Ceci Liliana N , Constenla Diana T , Crapiste Guillermo H 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Wet gums produced during aqueous degumming of crude soybean oils are currently processed to produce lecithin or added to meals to increase their nutritive value for animal feed. Oils occluded in these gums are generally not recovered or processed. In this work, three methods to recover occluded oil and obtain lecithin from wet gums were assayed: direct extraction of oil with cold acetone (Method I), extraction after water elimination under vacuum (Method II) and by solvent partition with hexane/ethanol (Method III).RESULTS: Higher oil yields (up to 588 g kg−1 of occluded oil) were obtained when water was eliminated before extraction (Methods II and III). No significant differences were observed in lecithin yields between three methods (720–807 g kg−1 of dried gums). Recovered oils had acidity = 16.7–21.7 g kg−1 as oleic acid, TOTOX (total oxidation) values ≤ 8.82, unsaponifiable matter = 9.0–12.1 g kg−1, and Phosphorus = 87–330 mg kg−1. Lecithins obtained by Methods I, II and III hexane phase had the same purity level (610–691 g of total measured phospholipids kg−1).CONCLUSIONS: The occluded oil in soybean wet gums can be recovered, with quality and stability indexes compatible with their reinsertion in the productive process, by water elimination and extraction with acetone. Lecithins can be obtained with different phospholipid composition and diverse application fields. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Pesticide residues in washing water of olive oil mills: effect on olive washing efficiency and decontamination proposal
Authors: Guardia‐Rubio Maria , Ruiz‐Medina Antonio , Molina‐Díaz Antonio , Ayora‐Cañada Maria Jose 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Washing olives in the olive oil mill (a commonly used preliminary step to remove foreign materials and leaves) can help to remove pesticide residues, especially herbicides that are present in olives due to contamination either during application or as a consequence of contact with contaminated soil. The aim of the present work was the study of washing efficacy during washing cycles, i.e., from the beginning of the cycle until the water was changed.RESULTS: Four active ingredients, namely diuron, oxyfluorfen, terbuthylazine and endosulfan (α and β isomers) as well as the latter's degradation product endosulfan sulfate, were the most frequently found pesticides in raw olives after harvest. At the beginning of the washing cycle, diuron, terbuthylazine and oxyfluorfen residues were effectively removed from olives. However, progressive water contamination with pesticide residues decreased the efficiency of the washing step, specially for diuron and terbuthylazine residues.CONCLUSION: A decontamination method to enable water recycling in olive oil mills was proposed and optimized. It employed FeCl3 as coagulant and active charcoal as adsorbent, and was effective in removing both suspended solids and pesticide residues. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Riboflavin content in lupine seeds and blood plasma riboflavin status in broilers fed diets containing high levels of lupine seeds
Authors: Olkowski Boguslaw I 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The potential of lupine as a source of protein and other nutrients in poultry has attracted considerable attention in countries dependent on imports of soybean meal (SBM), as well as in organic farming. Nutritional aspects of riboflavin in lupines are poorly understood. This work evaluated riboflavin content in whole and dehulled seeds of three lupines (L. albus, L. angustifolius, L. luteus) and riboflavin status in broiler fed diets containing high levels of lupine seeds in comparison to SBM.RESULTS: Riboflavin is concentrated mainly in lupine cotyledons, predominantly as flavin mononucleotide. Its content in whole seeds ranged from 2.07 to 2.70 mg kg−1, and was comparable to content in SBM (2.35 mg kg−1). In comparison to the SBM‐fed group, broilers fed lupine diets showed higher plasma riboflavin (P < 0.05), but their growth rate and feed intake parameters were significantly lower (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Lupine seeds contain moderate to high levels of riboflavin. Feeding diets containing high levels of lupine seeds did not have adverse effects on plasma riboflavin status in broilers. Poor performance of broilers fed lupine diets is not associated with inadequacy of riboflavin. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Antioxidant properties of polar and non‐polar extracts of some tropical green leafy vegetables
Authors: Oboh Ganiyu , Raddatz Heike , Henle Thomas 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The higher consumption of vegetables and fruits could be a practical approach to the management of oxidative stress. The present study sought to compare the antioxidant properties of polar and non‐polar constituents of some tropical green leafy vegetables (Struchium sparganophora, Amaranthus cruentus, Telfairia occidentalis, Ocimum gratissimum, Talinium triangulare, Cnidoscolous aconitifolius and Vernonia amygdalina).RESULTS: The polar antioxidant constituents (total phenol (3330–17 572 mg kg−1), total flavonoid (1668–4306 mg kg−1) and vitamin C (224–642 mg kg−1)) were higher than the non‐polar antioxidant constituents (total phenol (703–3115 mg kg−1), total flavonoid (130–1303 mg kg−1) and carotenoids (132–1303 mg kg−1)). Furthermore, the polar extracts had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability (except T. triangulare), total antioxidant capacity, reducing power (except T. triangulare and A. cruentus) and Fe(II) chelating ability (except C. aconitifolius and S. sparganophora). However, the polar and non‐polar extract of O. gratissimum had the highest antioxidant properties while that of T. triangulare had the least antioxidant properties.CONCLUSION: The polar extract of most of the vegetables had higher antioxidant properties than the non‐polar extract, with O. gratissimum extracts having the highest antioxidant properties. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in physicochemical and nutritive parameters and bioactive compounds during development and on‐tree ripening of eight plum cultivars: a comparative study
Authors: Díaz‐Mula Huertas María , Zapata Pedro Javier , Guillén Fabián , Castillo Salvador , Martínez‐Romero Domingo , Valero Daniel , Serrano María 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: There is no literature on changes in organoleptic, nutritive and functional properties during plum development and on‐tree ripening. In this work a comparative study on the evolution of physical, chemical and nutritive parameters and bioactive compounds of eight plum cultivars (yellow and dark‐purple) was performed.RESULTS: The main changes related to ripening (colour, total soluble solids, acidity, firmness and bioactive compounds) started at the early stages of fruit development, with significant differences among cultivars. Colour hue angle was highly correlated with increase in anthocyanins or carotenoids (in both skin and flesh). Total antioxidant activity (TAA) was determined in the hydrophilic (H‐TAA) and lipophilic (L‐TAA) fractions separately, and values were always higher in the skin than in the flesh. A continuous increase in both H‐TAA and L‐TAA during the process of ripening occurred. H‐TAA was about twofold higher than L‐TAA in the dark‐purple cultivars, while the opposite was found in the yellow cultivars. In addition, H‐TAA was correlated with total phenolics and total anthocyanins, while L‐TAA was positively correlated with total carotenoids.CONCLUSION: In order to achieve the optimal organoleptic, nutritive and health‐beneficial properties of plum consumption, it would be advisable to harvest the fruits at the fully ripe stage. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of dietary inclusion of xylooligo‐ saccharides, arabinoxylooligosaccha‐ rides and soluble arabinoxylan on the microbial composition of caecal contents of chickens
Authors: Courtin Christophe M , Swennen Katrien , Broekaert Willem F , Swennen Quirine , Buyse Johan , Decuypere Eddy , Michiels Christiaan W , De Ketelaere Bart , Delcour Jan A 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Arabinoxylan (AX)‐derived preparations have raised particular interest by the suggestion that they exert prebiotic properties. Therefore an in vivo experiment was conducted to study the effects of xylooligosaccharides (XOS), arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) and soluble AX (S‐AX) on several groups of gut bacteria of chickens. Chickens were fed a control diet or the same diet supplemented with 2.5 g kg−1 of XOS (average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 3, average degree of arabinose substitution (avDS) of 0.09), wheat bran‐derived AXOS (avDP 9, avDS 0.34) or wheat endosperm alkali‐solubilised AX (S‐AX, avDP > 6000, avDS 0.5).RESULTS: All treatment groups showed an increase in the number of caecal bifidobacteria after 2 weeks of feeding (P < 0.05), while the treatments did not impact numbers of Enterobacteriaceae and aerobic lactobacilli in the caeca relative to the control. XOS led to a tremendous increase in caecal bifidobacteria counts (108 g−1 for the XOS treatment versus 103 g−1 for the control treatment) after only 1 week of supplementation, while AXOS and S‐AX led to similar strong increases in bifidobacteria counts after 2 weeks of supplementation. Addition of S‐AX to the diet, but not of AXOS or XOS, led to a significantly decreased (P < 0.05) body weight gain after 2 weeks of feeding relative to animals on the control diet, consistent with its known viscosity‐related antinutritive effects in chickens.CONCLUSION: Similar to XOS, AXOS selectively stimulate the presence of bifidobacteria in the caeca of chickens, establishing their bifidogenic effect as a first indicator for prebiotic potential. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of sulfur and nitrogen supply on growth, nutrient status and concentration of benzyl‐isothiocyanate in cress (Lepidium sativum L.)
Authors: Gerendás Jóska , Sailer Manuela , Fendrich Marie‐Luise , Stahl Thorsten , Mersch‐Sundermann Volker , Mühling Karl H 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The supply of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) exerts an interactive effect on glucosinolate (GS) accumulation in Brassica vegetables, but the consequences for the concentration of isothiocyanates (ITCs), released after decomposition of GS by myrosinase, have rarely been investigated. In addition to their phytosanitary function GS have also been discussed as transient S reservoir.RESULTS: Cress (Lepidium sativum, L.) plants were cultivated with varied supply of N (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g pot−1) and S (0, 0.05 and 0.2 g pot−1). Concentrations of total N and S and hence the N/S ratio responded significantly, as did the concentrations of nitrate and sulfate. Concentrations of benzyl‐ITC, derived from glucotropaeolin (benzyl‐GS), ranged from 6.7 to almost 30 µmol (g dry matter)−1 and were negatively affected by high N supply. For a given S supply the benzyl‐ITC concentration was inversely related to the N/S ratio, an indicator of the S nutritional status.CONCLUSION: The results do not support the view that GS act as a transient S reservoir. Rather, moderate N and adequate S supplies lead to increased concentrations of this pharmacologically important constituent of cress. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of trypsin inhibitor on plasma antioxidant activity and lipid levels in mice from sweet potato roots
Authors: Huang Guan‐Jhong , Chang Heng‐Yuan , Chen Hsien‐Jung , Lu Te‐Ling , Chang Yuan‐Shiun , Sheu Ming‐Jyh , Lin Yaw‐Huei 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Several inflammatory diseases are thought to be related to oxidative injury and reactive oxygen species have been proposed as important causative agents of heart disease and ageing. This study was designed to investigate the effects of sweet potato trypsin inhibitor (SPTI) on antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and lipid profiles in mice.RESULTS: Twenty mice were randomly divided into four groups and fed with TI (10, 50 and 100 mg kg−1 BW) as treatment and with saline as a control in addition to regular diets. After 35 days, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels in plasma and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in liver were measured. Serum from the group that had received the the highest oral dose of SPTI (100 mg kg−1 BW) had the highest total antioxidant activity (expressed as 3.59 ± 0.237 mmol L−1 TEAC). The SOD, catalase and GPx activity of SPTI groups were significantly increased compared with the control group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly lower in all experimental groups compared with the control one. No significant differences in the concentration of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol was found, but high density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol tended to decrease.CONCLUSION: This study showed that the oral intake of SPTI in mice may trigger inflammatory responses which result in an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities, and a decrease in MDA, TG and total cholesterol, which are known risk factors of inflammatory and heart disease. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
High grade osteosarcoma of the extremities with lung metastases at presentation: Treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and simultaneous resection of primary and metastatic lesions
Authors: Bacci Gaetano , Rocca Michele , Salone MariaCristina , Balladelli Alba , Ferrari Stefano , Palmerini Emanuela , Forni Cristiana , Briccoli Antonio 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground and MethodsBetween 1986 and 2001, 162 patients with extremity osteosarcoma and lung metastases at presentation, were treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, simultaneous resection of primary and, when feasible, secondary lesions followed by chemotherapy.ResultsAfter neoadjuvant chemotherapy, metastases disappeared in 14 patients, 16 were judged unresectable by both our thoracic surgeons, 132 had primary tumors and lung metastases removed simultaneously. Removal of lung metastases was complete in 123 and incomplete in 9. Histologically lesions were benign in 32 patients. For the 100 patients simultaneously operated with histologically proven lung metastases, 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) was 18.9%; 27.4% for the 91 who had a complete resection of pulmonary lesions and entered remission as opposed to none for 9 patients who had incomplete removal of lung nodules. Among these 91, 5‐year EFS was significantly higher for patients with monolateral compared to bilateral lesions (27.1% vs. 7.9%, P < 0.02) and when only one to three metastatic nodules were present (40.0% vs. 13.3%, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThese different results, demonstrate that our treatment had a reasonable survival outcome whereas other groups continue to have dismal prognosis. More efforts should be made to improve survival by identifying new active agents or novel approaches with cellular molecular targets. J. Surg. Oncol. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.