bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief report: Effect of menarcheal status and family structure on depressive symptoms and emotional/behavioural problems in young adolescent girls
Authors: Capron Christiane , Thérond Carine , Duyme Michel 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe study investigated the relationship between depressive symptoms and emotional/behavioural problems in adolescent girls () aged 12–13 years, menarcheal status and family structure, and considered whether the effect of family structure was the same in the presence or absence of menses. The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were administered to a representative sample of adolescents. Results showed main effects of menarcheal status and family structure on SDQ scores and a significant interaction on CDI scores only. A non‐intact family appeared to be a stronger risk factor for depressive symptomatology than for emotional/behavioural problems in menarcheal girls.
The Schrödinger–Maxwell system with Dirac mass
Authors: Coclite G.M. , Holden H. 
Published: December 2006

We study a nonrelativistic charged quantum particle moving in a bounded open set

\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{3}

with smooth boundary under the action of a zero-range potential. In the electrostatic case the standing wave solution takes the form

\psi (t,x) = u(x)\mathrm{e}^{−\mathrm{i}\omega t}

where

u

formally satisfies

−\mathrm{\Delta }u + \alpha \phi u−\frac{1}{\beta }\delta _{x_{0}}u = \omega u

and the electric potential

ϕ

is given by

−\mathrm{\Delta }\phi = u^{2}

. We give a rigorous definition of this problem and show that it has a weak nontrivial solution.

Résumé

Nous étudions une particule quantique chargée et non relativiste se déplaçant dans un domaine ouvert borné

\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{3}

au contour régulier sous l'action d'un potentiel concentré en un point. Dans le cas electrostatique, l'onde solution prends la forme

\psi (t,x) = u(x)\mathrm{e}^{−i\omega t}

où

u

satisfait formellement

−\mathrm{\Delta }u + \alpha \phi u−\frac{1}{\beta }\delta _{x_{0}}u = \omega u

et le potentiel électrique

ϕ

est donné par

−\mathrm{\Delta }\phi = u^{2}

. Nous donnons une définition rigoureuse du problème et montrons qu'il possède une solution faible non triviale.
Spinal administration of a δ opioid receptor agonist attenuates hyperalgesia and allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Holdridge Sarah V. , Cahill Catherine M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractNeuropathic (NP) pain is a debilitating chronic pain disorder considered by some to be inherently resistant to therapy with traditional analgesics. Indeed, μ opioid receptor (OR) agonists show reduced therapeutic benefit and their long term use is hindered by the high incidence of adverse effects. However, pharmacological and physiological evidence increasingly suggests a role for δOR agonists in modulating NP pain symptoms. In this study, we examined the antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic effects of the spinally administered δOR agonist, d‐[Ala2, Glu4]deltorphin II (deltorphin II), as well as the changes in δOR expression, in rats following chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Rats with CCI exhibited cold hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia over a 14‐day testing period. Intrathecal administration of deltorphin II reversed cold hyperalgesia on day 14 and dose‐dependently attenuated mechanical allodynia. The effects of deltorphin II were mediated via activation of the δOR as the effect was antagonized by co‐treatment with the δ‐selective antagonist, naltrindole. Western blotting experiments revealed no changes in δOR protein in the dorsal spinal cord following CCI. Taken together, these data demonstrate the antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic effectiveness of a spinally administered δOR agonist following peripheral nerve injury and support further investigation of δORs as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of NP pain.
Economic Growth and Democracy in Africa: Revisiting the Feldstein-Horioka Puzzle
Authors: Kisangani Emizet F. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract.The debate on the relationship between economic performance (sustained economic growth, saving and investment) and democracy remains unsettled. This article provides a critical review of the arguments by relying on the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle. A generalized method of moments (GMM) using 37 African countries from 1960 to 1998 reveals a close relationship among indicators of economic performance but no relationship between economic performance and democracy. Co-integration and vector error correction models contradict GMM results, however. Democracy fosters investment in eight countries, enhances saving in three other countries and sustains economic growth in five. Therefore, single country analyses using appropriate methodologies seem warranted to avoid putting forth ecological fallacies with detrimental policy implications.Résumé.Le débat sur la relation entre performance économique (croissance économique soutenue, épargne et investissement) et démocratie est encore loin d'être clos. Cet article fait une analyse critique des thèses en présence en se basant sur le paradoxe de Feldtsein-Horioka. L'analyse de 37 pays africains de 1960 à 1998 utilisant la méthode des moments généralisée (MMG) démontre un lien étroit entre les divers indicateurs de performance économique, mais aucun lien entre ceux-ci et la démocratie. Cependant, la cointégration et les modèles vectoriels à correction d'erreurs contredisent les résultats basés sur la MMG. En effet, la démocratie favorise l'investissement dans huit pays, encourage l'épargne dans trois autres pays, et soutient la croissance économique dans cinq pays. Il semble justifié, par conséquent, de recourir à des analyses individuelles par pays utilisant des méthodologies appropriées pour éviter des erreurs écologiques aux répercussions néfastes sur la politique économique.
Globalization, Politics and Provincial Government Spending in Canada
Authors: Pickup Mark 
Published: December 2006

Abstract.Using time series, cross-sectional econometric modelling, an analysis is made of competing political and economic determinants of Canadian provincial government fiscal policy during the 1980s and 1990s. It is determined that provincial government spending responses to trade liberalization are dependent upon the ideology of the government and conditioned by the degree of provincial unionization. When relatively high levels of unionization prevail, those governments that typically spend the most reduce total spending to a lowest common denominator. However, when unionization is low, provincial government spending responses to increasing trade openness is primarily compensatory. This is in contradiction to the “race to the bottom” theory. The contingent nature of the provincial government spending response to trade openness means that despite overall pressures for fiscal convergence, political, economic and regional factors continue to contribute to distinct provincial spending policies.Résumé.Cet article utilise une modélisation économétrique transversale en série chronologique pour analyser les déterminants politiques et économiques en compétition au niveau de la politique fiscale du gouvernement provincial canadien durant les années 1980 et 1990. Il est établi qu'en termes de dépenses publiques, les réactions du gouvernement provincial face à la libéralisation des échanges sont tributaires de l'idéologie du gouvernement et déterminées par le niveau de syndicalisation provincial. Lorsque le niveau de syndicalisation est relativement élevé, ce sont les gouvernements provinciaux qui dépensent le plus qui réduisent leurs dépenses totales au plus bas dénominateur commun. Par contre, plus le niveau de syndicalisation est bas, plus les dépenses publiques face à la libéralisation des échanges sont principalement compensatoires. Cela vient contredire la théorie du “ nivellement par le bas ”. La nature conditionnelle de la réaction du gouvernement provincial en termes de dépenses publiques signifie qu'en dépit des pressions globales pour la convergence fiscale, des facteurs politiques, économiques et régionaux continuent de contribuer aux politiques de dépenses publiques distinctes.
Banking Crises, Collective Protest and Rebellion
Authors: Richards David L. , Gelleny Ronald D. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract.Both developed and developing countries have experienced turmoil associated with banking sector failures. However, while there exists literature studying the economic costs of banking meltdowns, little scholarly attention has been devoted to examining the relationship between banking crises and domestic agitation (internal conflict). Failing to explore the impact of banking crises on domestic agitation risks excluding a key component in understanding the puzzle of domestic political stability. Examining a dataset of 125 countries for the years 1981 to 2000, we find banking crises to be systematically associated with greater levels of collective protest activities such as riots, anti-government demonstrations and strikes.Résumé.Les défaillances du secteur bancaire ont causé des perturbations sociales aussi bien dans les pays développés que dans les pays en voie de développement. Toutefois, tandis qu'il existe des recherches sur les coûts économiques des faillites bancaires, les chercheurs se sont peu intéressés au rapport entre crises bancaires et problèmes socio-politiques intérieurs. En négligeant l'effet des crises bancaires sur les troubles sociaux intérieurs, on risque d'exclure un élément clé de l'analyse complexe de la stabilité politique intérieure. L'examen d'un ensemble de données sur 125 nations pour les années 1981 à 2000, nous permet de constater que les crises bancaires sont systématiquement associées à une accélération des activités de protestation collective telles que les émeutes, les manifestations anti-gouvernementales et les grèves.
Reconfiguring Sovereignty: NAFTA Chapter 11 Dispute Settlement Procedures and the Issue of Public-Private Authority
Authors: McBride Stephen 
Published: December 2006

Abstract.This article focuses on the claim that authority is shifting from public into private hands. To partially test that thesis it examines the procedures for settling disputes under NAFTA Chapter 11 (itself an example of the broader category of investor-state provisions found in bilateral investment agreements and some international conventions). The article detects evidence of a delegation or transfer of public authority to private processes. It deals only incidentally with NAFTA Chapter 11's grant to investors of the right to make direct claims against signatory governments; rather, it concentrates on the procedures for resolving such claims, and the means available to states to assert the public interest. Specifically, this article examines the way that the NAFTA Chapter 11 dispute resolution mechanism is rooted in private arbitration processes and seeks to determine the effectiveness of the means available to public authorities to alter decisions emanating from them, if they are deemed to be contrary to the public interest.Résumé.Cet article considère l'argument selon lequel l'exercice de l'autorité publique est en train de passer du domaine public au domaine privé. Afin de vérifier, au moins partiellement, cette thèse l'article passe en revue les procédures d'adjudication des différends aux termes du chapitre 11 de l'ALENA - qui est lui-même un exemple de la catégorie plus vaste des dispositions concernant le traitement des investisseurs, et leur droit d'apparaître devant les tribunaux d'arbitrage au même titre que les États, que l'on trouve dans certains traités bilatéraux et internationaux. L'article décèle les indices d'une délégation ou d'un transfert de l'autorité publique vers le secteur privé. Il ne porte que tangentiellement sur le chapitre 11 de l'ALENA et les droits des investisseurs de porter plainte contre les gouvernements signataires; il analyse, par contre,de manière plus approfondie les procédures utilisées pour résoudre de telles plaintes et les moyens dont disposent les États pour défendre l'intérêt général. L'auteur examine plus particulièrement l'enracinement de la procédure de résolution des différends du chapitre 11 de l'ALENA dans les processus d'arbitrage privé et cherche à déterminer l'efficacité des moyens dont disposent les autorités publiques pour modifier les décisions qui en résultent si elles s'avèrent être contraires à l'intérêt général.
World Cities Beyond the West: Globalization, Development and
Inequality
Authors: Timberlake Michael 
Published: December 2006

World Cities Beyond the West: Globalization, Development and
Inequality, Josef Gugler, ed., Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge
University Press, 2004, pp. xv, 396.This book seeks to redress what its editor regards as an imbalance in
the social science discourse on globalization and cities by providing a
collection of research on cities in the global South, in the lower income
countries of the world. In his introduction to the book, much of which
could stand on its own as a valuable contribution, Gugler demonstrates
that many cities “beyond the core” are involved in
articulations that span broad regions of the world, if not always the
whole world. Gugler also warns of the tendency to over-generalize across
these “second tier” cities, insisting that scholarship needs
to attend to the unique history, context and culture (especially political
culture) of each city.
Dynamiques partisanes et réalignements électoraux au
Canada (1867–2004)
Authors: Bastien Frédérick 
Published: December 2006

Dynamiques partisanes et réalignements électoraux au
Canada (1867–2004), Pierre Martin, Paris : L'Harmattan,
2005, 302 pages.Les politologues canadiens ont abondamment documenté la plupart
des élections fédérales depuis le milieu du
20e siècle par des ouvrages collectifs (en particulier,
la série The Canadian General Election of…), des
analyses de données provenant d'enquêtes d'opinion
publique (les études sur les élections canadiennes) et
d'autres contributions. La plupart de ces publications se concentrent
sur un ou deux rendez-vous électoraux. L'ouvrage de Pierre
Martin est différent puisqu'il adopte une perspective
historique englobant toutes les élections fédérales
depuis 1867 et rejoint ainsi certains travaux de David Smith, Kenneth
Carty et Richard Johnston. Le politologue français examine le cas
canadien en y appliquant une version revisitée de la théorie
des réalignements électoraux.
The India-Pakistan Conflict: An Enduring Rivalry
Authors: Kapur S. Paul 
Published: December 2006

The India-Pakistan Conflict: An Enduring Rivalry, T.V. Paul,
ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.The rivalry between India and Pakistan has clearly been both deep and
enduring. The two sides have fought four wars since attaining independence
in 1947, and have waged a low-intensity conflict in the disputed territory
of Kashmir since the late 1980s. And despite recent improvements in
Indo-Pakistani relations, their fundamental political and territorial
disagreements remain unresolved. However, it is not obvious why
the two countries' relationship has been so stubbornly antagonistic.
The India-Pakistan Conflict: An Enduring Rivalry, edited by T.V.
Paul, addresses this issue. Specifically, the volume asks: Why has the
Indo-Pakistani rivalry been so persistent, even compared to other
long-standing conflicts? How have factors at the international, state and
leadership levels contributed to this outcome? And why are the prospects
for achieving a negotiated settlement of the rivalry so dim?
Reclaiming the Enlightenment: Toward a Politics of Radical
Engagement
Authors: Chambers Simone 
Published: December 2006

Reclaiming the Enlightenment: Toward a Politics of Radical
Engagement, Stephen Eric Bronner, New York: Columbia University
Press, 2004, pp. xiii, 181.I am very sympathetic to the project that Stephen Eric Bronner
undertakes in this book. As someone inspired by the progressive potential
of the Enlightenment, I find myself constantly on the defensive in a world
deeply suspicious of the dead white men of eighteenth-century Europe. So I
welcome a vigorous and uncompromising defence of those men and the ideals
and values they stood for. For those of us who already see ourselves as
working to further that tradition, this book is an inspiring call to keep
up the good work. But for those who have been hesitant in their enthusiasm
for the Enlightenment, this book will be more like a red flag waved in
their face, confirming many of their suspicions of Western rationalism.
Theorists of recognition, identity, post-colonialism, post-modernism,
republicanism, communitarianism, post-secularism and multiple-modernities,
are just some of the people who will not find this book very congenial.
Ultimately, Bronner's uncompromising defence of the Enlightenment is
less successful than it might have been.
Canada Among Nations 2005: Split Images
Authors: Keating Tom 
Published: December 2006

Canada Among Nations 2005: Split Images, Andrew F. Cooper and
Dane Rowlands, eds., Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queens University
Press, 2005, pp. xiv, 295.Split Images marks the twenty-first installment of the
Canada Among Nations series. It also marks a new beginning as the
first collaboration between the series host institution, the Norman
Patterson School of International Affairs, and the Centre for
International Governance and Innovation at the University of Waterloo,
editors Andrew Cooper and Dane Rowlands, and publisher,
McGill-Queen's University Press. It is reassuring to see that others
have come forward to assume the task of providing an annual assessment of
Canadian foreign policy, its current challenges, and future prospects. The
Canada Among Nations series has, through the years, provided a
valuable chronicle of the pressing concerns of the day. On occasion the
volume has been overshadowed by unexpected events, such as the terrorist
attacks of September 11th, that give the text less urgency than
it would otherwise have. Potentially, this volume could have suffered a
similar fate, given the election of Stephen Harper's minority
government after the collection went to press. Repeated references to the
Liberal government's International Policy Statement (IPS),
not to mention the image of Paul Martin, Jr., that graces the cover, seem
somewhat nostalgic, in the face of the Harper government's move to
put its own face on such critically important policy arenas as relations
with the United States, defence spending, climate change and the Middle
East, among others.
Mao: The Unknown Story
Authors: Alexander Don 
Published: December 2006

Mao: The Unknown Story, Jung Chang and Jan Halliday, New
York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005, pp. 814.Mao Tse-Tung has always had a radical allure. Mao's legions of
fans have included such luminaries as Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de
Beauvoir, Pierre Trudeau and numerous others. Now we have a book that
forces us to radically reconsider our view.
Human Rights in the ‘War on Terror’
Authors: Robinson Fiona 
Published: December 2006

Human Rights in the ‘War on Terror’, Richard
Ashby Wilson, ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. xv,
347.Given this book's title, I assumed that it would consist mainly
of elaborations of already over-rehearsed debates about the
“trade-offs” between “liberty” and
“security.” And while it does include plenty of this, several
chapters in this volume offer thoughtful, nuanced analyses which challenge
the dichotomous rhetoric of the day, and force the reader to rethink not
just the future, but also the nature, of contemporary human rights and
security.
Pension Power: Unions, Pension Funds and Social Investment in
Canada
Authors: Drover Glenn 
Published: December 2006

Pension Power: Unions, Pension Funds and Social Investment in
Canada, Isla Carmichael, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005,
pp. 219.Isla Carmichael has been writing about union pensions for a decade.
Over the past ten years, she has examined different aspects of union-based
pension funds and labour-sponsored investment, including fiduciary
responsibility, the role of union pension trustees, social accounting,
collateral benefits and economically targeted investment. In this book,
she brings together these, and other, arguments to make a case for the
greater involvement of unions in directing and investing pension funds,
not only to provide benefits to union members but also to shape economic
growth and community development. Her analysis is comprehensive and her
argument is persuasive.
Turbulence acceleration by strong Langmuir plasmons in a laser-plasma
Authors: YANG XIAO-SONG , LIU SAN-QIU 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe turbulence acceleration of ultra-relativistic electrons by strong Langmuir plasmons is analytically studied in a laser-plasma. Based on the Fokker–Planck equation in the frame of strong turbulence, the exponential form of the spectra of hot electrons is obtained theoretically, which is consistent with the experimental result near the critical surface in a laser-plasma.
Kinetic modulational instability of broadband dispersive Alfvén waves in plasmas
Authors: SHUKLA P.K. , SHUKLA NITIN , STENFLO L. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract.We consider a kinetic modulational instability of broadband (random phase) magnetic-field-aligned circularly polarized dispersive Alfvén waves in plasmas. By treating random phase Alfvén waves as quasi-particles, we consider their nonlinear interactions with ion quasi-modes within the framework of the wave-kinetic and Vlasov descriptions. A nonlinear dispersion relation governing such interactions is derived and analyzed. An explicit expression for the kinetic modulational instability growth rate is presented. Our results can be of relevance to the nonlinear propagation of incoherent Alfvén waves, which have been frequently observed in interstellar media, in the solar corona and in the solar wind, as well as in the foreshock regions of planetary bow-shocks and laboratory plasmas.
Current prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection and the range of HDV genotypes in Lebanon
Authors: RAMIA S. , EL-ZAATARI M. , SHARARA A. I. , RAMLAWI F. , FARHAT B. 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYRecently the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and the association between these genotypes and the clinical status of HBV-infected patients were recently investigated in the Lebanese population. The aim of the additional study reported here was to determine the current prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection and the range of HDV genotypes in this Lebanese population. Two hundred and fifty-eight HBsAg-positive patients (107 asymptomatic blood donors, 92 with chronic hepatitis, 24 with cirrhosis, 15 with hepatocellular carcinoma, 20 patients on haemodialysis) from ten medical centers in Lebanon were tested for antibody to hepatitis D virus (anti-HDV). Those testing positive were analysed further for HDV-RNA and for genotyping by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Three samples (1·2%) were anti-HDV positive and out of these, only one was HDV-RNA positive (0·6%) and was analysed as HDV genotype I. Our results point to a low endemicity of HDV in the Lebanese population which is in sharp contrast to data reported from Lebanon 20 years ago and to the situation in neighbouring Arab and non-Arab countries in the Mediterranean region. HDV genotype I seems to be the predominant genotype in Lebanon and the Middle East.