bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in epidemiology of knee arthroplasty in the United States, 1990–2000
Authors: Jain Nitin B. , Higgins Laurence D. , Ozumba Donald , Guller Ulrich , Cronin McNeil , Pietrobon Ricardo , Katz Jeffrey N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveThere is little information on longitudinal trends in the epidemiology of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study was undertaken to determine whether, during the past decade, TKA rates increased in younger adults and older adults, whether utilization of TKA increased among minorities, and whether more patients underwent surgery at high‐volume hospitals.MethodsTKA cases (n = 443,008) were extracted from the 1990–2000 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. TKA trends for 3 time periods were obtained (1990–1993 [period I], 1994–1997 [period II], and 1998–2000 [period III]).ResultsBetween period I and period III, the proportion of TKAs performed increased by 95.2% in the 40–49‐year age group and by 53.7% in the 50–59‐year age group. Black patients and Hispanic patients were more likely to undergo TKA in period III than in period I (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.5–1.6 and OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.5–2.9, respectively). However, white patients accounted for 93.0%, 89.9%, and 87.5% of TKAs in the 3 time periods, respectively. In period III, the proportion of patients undergoing surgery in high‐volume hospitals increased compared with periods I and II. Both mortality and length of hospital stay diminished significantly in period III, but the rate of discharge to an inpatient facility increased by 89.7% (period I to period III).ConclusionOver the past decade, TKA was increasingly performed in younger patients, which suggests a broadening of indications for this procedure. Although utilization of TKA increased among minorities, the vast majority of TKAs were performed in white patients. Further efforts to narrow this disparity are required. The shift toward TKAs being increasingly performed at high‐volume centers may improve surgical outcomes. Finally, the effect of increased discharge to inpatient facilities on TKA outcomes needs to be ascertained.
Increased platelet deposition on extracellular matrix under flow conditions in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome who experience thrombotic events
Authors: Levy Yair , Shenkman Boris , Tamarin Ilia , Pauzner Rachel , Shoenfeld Yehuda , Langevitz Pnina , Savion Naphtali , Varon David 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo assess platelet function under defined flow conditions in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and to correlate the results with thrombotic complications and the presence of subsets of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), lupus anticoagulant (LAC), and/or anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL).MethodsWe studied 88 randomized APS patients with or without a history of thrombosis. Seventeen patients with other thrombosis (no APS) and 26 healthy subjects served as controls. Platelet adhesion and aggregation on the extracellular matrix were measured with a cone‐and‐plate(let) analyzer (CPA) by examining the percentage of total area covered with platelets (surface coverage [SC]) and the mean size of surface‐bound objects (average size [AS]) and were compared with platelet responses to different ADP concentrations by conventional aggregometry.ResultsUnder defined flow conditions, SC and AS were significantly higher for venous thrombosis and arterial thrombosis in APS patients compared with no thrombosis, other thrombosis, and healthy control groups. The increased platelet adhesion and aggregation in APS patients with thrombotic events was associated with higher levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen (mean ± SD 230.6 ± 51.2%) and ristocetin cofactor activity (181.0 ± 36.0%). No change in CPA and vWF parameters was found in APS patients with positive results for aPL who did not undergo thrombotic events or in patients with other thrombosis. The CPA parameters were neither associated with the high response of platelets to ADP nor associated with the presence of LAC, aCL, or both. The CPA parameters were similarly increased irrespective of aspirin use. The results suggest that the increased adhesion properties of platelets in APS patients could be mediated by high levels and activity of vWF. This complements the known ability of APS antibodies to enhance platelet response to agonists in conventional aggregometry.ConclusionThe CPA test was found to be valuable in differentiating APS patients with and without thrombotic complications.
Chemokine receptor expression in rat adjuvant‐induced arthritis
Authors: Haas Christian S. , Martinez Rita J. , Attia Naweah , Haines G. Kenneth , Campbell Phillip L. , Koch Alisa E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveChemokine receptors mediate leukocyte migration into inflamed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue (ST). Knowledge of their distribution is crucial for understanding the evolution of the inflammatory process. In this study, we used rat adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA), a model for RA, to define the temporospatial expression of chemokine receptors.MethodsST from rats with AIA was immunostained, the percentage of cells expressing each receptor was determined, and findings were correlated with levels of inflammation. Chemokine receptor expression was evaluated on rat macrophages in vitro.ResultsCCR1, a receptor for macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP‐1α)/CCL3 and RANTES/CCL5, exhibited high constitutive expression on macrophages in AIA. CCR5, binding MIP‐1α/CCL3 and RANTES/CCL5, was up‐regulated on ST macrophages during the course of AIA, correlating with macrophage expression of CCR2, a receptor for monocyte chemoattractant protein 1/CCL2. Endothelial cell (EC) CCR2 was down‐regulated as arthritis progressed, inversely correlating with inflammation. CCR3, another RANTES/CCL5 receptor, was constitutively high on macrophages in vivo and in vitro, with down‐regulation during AIA. CXCR4, a receptor for stromal cell–derived factor 1/CXCL12), was prominently up‐regulated on ECs, preceding the peak of inflammation.ConclusionThese findings show that 1) constitutive expression of CCR1 on macrophages remains high during AIA; 2) CCR2 and CCR3 may play a role in initial recruitment of leukocytes to ST in AIA; 3) macrophage expression of CCR2 and CCR5 may be important for sustaining inflammatory changes; and 4) EC CXCR4 may be a harbinger of inflammatory changes. Our results may help guide chemokine receptor blockade–targeting treatment strategies in inflammatory arthritis.
Stromal cells and osteoclasts are responsible for exacerbated collagen‐induced arthritis in interferon‐β–deficient mice
Authors: Treschow Alexandra P. , Teige Ingrid , Nandakumar Kutty S. , Holmdahl Rikard , Issazadeh‐Navikas Shohreh 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveClinical trials using interferon‐β (IFNβ) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis have shown conflicting results. We undertook this study to understand the mechanisms of IFNβ in arthritis at a physiologic level.MethodsCollagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in IFNβ‐deficient and control mice. The role of IFNβ was investigated in both the priming and effector phases of the disease. The effect of IFNβ deficiency on synovial cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts from preimmunized mice was analyzed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Differences in osteoclast maturation were determined in situ by histology of arthritic and naive paws and by in vitro maturation studies of naive bone marrow cells. The importance of IFNβ‐producing fibroblasts was determined by transfering fibroblasts into mice at the time of CIA immunization.ResultsMice lacking IFNβ had a prolonged disease with a higher incidence compared with control mice. IFNβ deficiency was found to influence the effector phase, but not the priming phase, of arthritis. Compared with control mice, IFNβ‐deficient mice had greater infiltration of CD11b+ cells and greater production of tumor necrosis factor α in vivo, and their macrophages and fibroblasts were both more activated in vitro. Moreover, IFNβ‐deficient mice generated a greater number of osteoclasts in vitro, and mice immunized to induce arthritis, but not naive mice, had a greater number of osteoclasts in vivo compared with control mice. Importantly, IFNβ‐competent fibroblasts were able to ameliorate arthritis in IFNβ‐deficient recipients.ConclusionOur data indicate that IFNβ is involved in regulating the activation state of osteoclasts and stromal cells, including macrophages and fibroblasts, but that it has little effect on T cells.
Alteration of the sialylation pattern of the murine tooth germ after ethanol exposure
Authors: Jiménez‐Farfán Dolores , Guevara Jorge , Zenteno Edgar , Hernández‐Guerrero Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDEthanol consumption during pregnancy leads to changes in murine dental morphogenesis, dental size, cellular differentiation, enamel mineralization, and delayed eruption. It has been proposed that glycoproteins play a role during embryonic dental development that may determine the dental morphological pattern and extracellular matrix secretion. O‐glycosylation and sialylation appear to actively participate in the differentiation and maturation processes. Because glycosylation may be affected by teratogens that can alter the maturation of several organisms, in this work we describe the main modifications of the sialylation pattern in prenatal day (PD) 18.5 murine tooth germs exposed to ethanol.METHODSPregnant female mice were divided into groups that were given 15% or 20% ethanol solutions, or water as a control. The histochemistry of tooth germs from PD 18.5 fetuses was revealed with lectins specific for sialic acid (Neu5Ac), such as Sambucus nigra (SNA), Maackia amurensis (MAA), and Machrobrachium rosenbergii (MRL), and for sialylated‐O‐glycosidically linked glycans, such as Amaranthus leucocarpus (ALL).RESULTSThe basement membrane, preameloblasts, inner‐enamel epithelium, preodontoblasts, and subodontoblastic cells of the test groups showed changes in labeling according to the 4 lectins used. Intranuclear staining was observed with SNA (specific for Neu5Acα2,6Gal/GalNAc) in the control group, but this was reduced in the test groups. The nuclei of dental papillary cells under the experimental conditions were stained with MAA (Neu5Acα2,3Gal).CONCLUSIONSDental development involves different types of sialylated O‐glycosidically linked glycans that are likely to regulate cell‐to‐cell and cell‐to‐matrix interactions. Our results suggest that ethanol consumption during pregnancy alters the sialylation pattern during murine dental morphogenesis. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary artery embryogenesis in cardiac defects induced by retinoic acid in mice
Authors: Ratajska Anna , Złotorowicz Renata , Błażejczyk Magdalena , Wasiutyñski Aleksander 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough normal coronary artery embryogenesis is well described in the literature, little is known about the development of coronary vessels in abnormal hearts.METHODSWe used an animal model of retinoic acid (RA)–evoked outflow tract malformations (e.g., double outlet right ventricle [DORV], transposition of the great arteries [TGA], and common truncus arteriosus [CTA]) to study the embryogenesis of coronary arteries using endothelial cell markers (anti‐PECAM‐1 antibodies and Griffonia simplicifolia I (GSI) lectin). These markers were applied to serial sections of staged mouse hearts to demonstrate the location of coronary artery primordia.RESULTSIn malformations with a dextropositioned aorta, the shape of the peritruncal plexus, from which the coronary arteries develop, differed from that of control hearts. This difference in the shape of the early capillary plexus in the control and RA‐treated hearts depends on the position of the aorta relative to the pulmonary trunk. In both normal and RA‐treated hearts, there are several capillary penetrations to each aortic sinus facing the pulmonary trunk, but eventually only 1 coronary artery establishes patency with 1 aortic sinus.CONCLUSIONSThe abnormal location of the vessel primordia induces defective courses of coronary arteries; creates fistulas, a single coronary artery, and dilated vessel lumens; and leaves certain areas of the heart devoid of coronary artery branches. RA‐evoked heart malformations may be a useful model for elucidating abnormal patterns of coronary artery development and may shed some light on the angiogenesis of coronary artery formation. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics of the Solvolyses of Benzhydryl Derivatives: Basis for the Construction of a Comprehensive Nucleofugality Scale
Authors: Denegri Bernard , Streiter André , Jurić Sandra , Ofial Armin R. , Kronja Olga , Mayr Herbert 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA series of 21 benzhydrylium ions (diarylmethylium ions) are proposed as reference electrofuges for the development of a general nucleofugality scale, where nucleofugality refers to a combination of leaving group and solvent. A total of 167 solvolysis rate constants of benzhydrylium tosylates, bromides, chlorides, trifluoroacetates, 3,5‐dinitrobenzoates, and 4‐nitrobenzoates, two‐thirds of which have been determined during this work, were subjected to a least‐squares fit according to the correlation equation log k25 °C = sf(Nf + Ef), where sf and Nf are nucleofuge‐specific parameters and Ef is an electrofuge‐specific parameter. Although nucleofuges and electrofuges characterized in this way cover more than 12 orders of magnitude, a single set of the parameters, namely sf, Nf, and Ef, is sufficient to calculate the solvolysis rate constants at 25 °C with an accuracy of ±16 %. Because sf≈1 for all nucleofuges, that is, leaving group/solvent combinations, studied so far, qualitative discussions of nucleofugality can be based on Nf.
Ground‐State Equilibrium Thermodynamics and Switching Kinetics of Bistable [2]Rotaxanes Switched in Solution, Polymer Gels, and Molecular Electronic Devices
Authors: Choi Jang Wook , Flood Amar H. , Steuerman David W. , Nygaard Sune , Braunschweig Adam B. , Moonen Nicolle N. P. , Laursen Bo W. , Luo Yi , DeIonno Erica , Peters Andrea J. , Jeppesen Jan O. , Xu Ke , Stoddart J. Fraser , Heath James R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe report on the kinetics and ground‐state thermodynamics associated with electrochemically driven molecular mechanical switching of three bistable [2]rotaxanes in acetonitrile solution, polymer electrolyte gels, and molecular‐switch tunnel junctions (MSTJs). For all rotaxanes a π‐electron‐deficient cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene) (CBPQT4+) ring component encircles one of two recognition sites within a dumbbell component. Two rotaxanes (RATTF4+ and RTTF4+) contain tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and 1,5‐dioxynaphthalene (DNP) recognition units, but different hydrophilic stoppers. For these rotaxanes, the CBPQT4+ ring encircles predominantly (>90 %) the TTF unit at equilibrium, and this equilibrium is relatively temperature independent. In the third rotaxane (RBPTTF4+), the TTF unit is replaced by a π‐extended analogue (a bispyrrolotetrathiafulvalene (BPTTF) unit), and the CBPQT4+ ring encircles almost equally both recognition sites at equilibrium. This equilibrium exhibits strong temperature dependence. These thermodynamic differences were rationalized by reference to binding constants obtained by isothermal titration calorimetry for the complexation of model guests by the CBPQT4+ host in acetonitrile. For all bistable rotaxanes, oxidation of the TTF (BPTTF) unit is accompanied by movement of the CBPQT4+ ring to the DNP site. Reduction back to TTF0 (BPTTF0) is followed by relaxation to the equilibrium distribution of translational isomers. The relaxation kinetics are strongly environmentally dependent, yet consistent with a single electromechanical‐switching mechanism in acetonitrile, polymer electrolyte gels, and MSTJs. The ground‐state equilibrium properties of all three bistable [2]rotaxanes were reflective of molecular structure in all environments. These results provide direct evidence for the control by molecular structure of the electronic properties exhibited by the MSTJs.
Control of Metal‐Ion Composition in the Synthesis of Ternary II‐II′‐VI Nanoparticles by Using a Mixed‐Metal Cluster Precursor Approach
Authors: DeGroot Marty W. , Rösner Harald , Corrigan John F. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe ternary molecular nanoclusters [ZnxCd10−xSe4(SePh)12(PnPr3)4] (x=1.8, 1 a; x=2.6, 1 b) were employed as single‐source precursors for the synthesis of high‐quality hexagonal ZnxCd1−xSe nanocrystals. The tellurium clusters [ZnxCd10−xTe4(TePh)12(PnPr3)4] (x=1.8, 2 a; x=2.6, 2 b) are equally convenient precursors for the synthesis cubic ZnxCd1−xE nanoparticles. The thermolysis of the cluster molecules in hexadecylamine provides an efficient system in which the inherent metal‐ion stoichiometry of the clusters is retained in the nanocrystalline products, whilst also affording control of particle size within the 2–5 nm range. In all cases, the nanoparticles are monodisperse, and luminescence spectra exhibit emission energies close to the absorption edge. Analysis of the optical spectra and X‐ray diffraction patterns of these materials indicates a metal‐ion concentration gradient within the structures of the nanocrystals, with ZnII ions predominantly located near the surface of the particles.
Crystal Structure, Electrical Transport Properties and Electronic Structure of the VFe1‐xCuxSb Solid Solution.
Authors: Stadnyk Yu. , Horyn A. , Sechovsky V. , Romaka L. , Mudryk Ya. , Tobola J. , Stopa T. , Kaprzyk S. , Kolomiets A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemotherapy of Leishmaniasis. Part 2. Synthesis and Bioevaluation of Substituted Arylketene Dithioacetals as Antileishmanial Agents.
Authors: Pandey Susmita , Suryawanshi S. N. , Gupta Suman , Srivastava V. M. L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Biooxidation of (+)‐Catechin and (‐)‐Epicatechin into 3,4‐Dihydroflavan Derivatives by the Endophytic Fungus Diaporthe sp. Isolated from a Tea Plant.
Authors: Shibuya Hirotaka , Agusta Andria , Ohashi Kazuyoshi , Maehara Shoji , Simanjuntak Partomuan 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Long‐term hormone therapy and radiation is cost‐effective for patients with locally advanced prostate carcinoma
Authors: Konski Andre , Watkins‐Bruner Deborah , Brereton Harmar , Feigenberg Steven , Hanks Gerald 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trial 92‐02, after men received neoadjuvant hormone cytoreduction and radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate carcinoma, they were randomized to receive either 2 years of long‐term androgen‐deprivation (LTAD) or no further treatment (short‐term androgen‐deprivation [STAD]). The specific objective of the current study was to determine whether LTAD was a cost‐effective treatment for patients with locally advanced prostate carcinoma.METHODSThe cost‐effectiveness of LTAD was tested using a Markov model that was designed using proprietary software. The analysis took a payor's perspective. Unit costs were obtained by estimation using a global Medicare fee schedule. Costs and outcomes were discounted by 3%. Distributions were sampled at random from the treatment utilities, transition probabilities, and costs using a second‐order Monte Carlo simulation technique.RESULTSThe expected mean cost was $32,564 for LTAD compared with $33,039 for STAD after accounting for the additional cost of salvage treatment for men who were treated with STAD. The mean number of quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) for men who received LTAD was 4.13 QALYs compared with a mean of 3.68 QALYs for men who received STAD. The cost‐effectiveness acceptability curve analysis showed a 91% probability that LTAD was cost‐effective compared with STAD. Although overall survival was similar in the LTAD and STAD groups, the patients who received LTAD experienced gains in QALYs and had lower costs, because LTAD prevented biochemical failure and the necessitating salvage hormone therapy.CONCLUSIONSThe current analysis showed that LTAD was cost‐effective for the entire population studied in RTOG trial 92‐02. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Preservation of segmental hindbrain organization in adult frogs
Authors: Straka Hans , Baker Robert , Gilland Edwin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTo test for possible retention of early segmental patterning throughout development, the cranial nerve efferent nuclei in adult ranid frogs were quantitatively mapped and compared with the segmental organization of these nuclei in larvae. Cranial nerve roots IV–X were labeled in larvae with fluorescent dextran amines. Each cranial nerve efferent nucleus resided in a characteristic segmental position within the clearly visible larval hindbrain rhombomeres (r). Trochlear motoneurons were located in r0, trigeminal motoneurons in r2–r3, facial branchiomotor and vestibuloacoustic efferent neurons in r4, abducens and facial parasympathetic neurons in r5, glossopharyngeal motoneurons in r6, and vagal efferent neurons in r7–r8 and rostral spinal cord. In adult frogs, biocytin labeling of cranial nerve roots IV–XII and spinal ventral root 2 in various combinations on both sides of the brain revealed precisely the same rostrocaudal sequence of efferent nuclei relative to each other as observed in larvae. This indicates that no longitudinal migratory rearrangement of hindbrain efferent neurons occurs. Although rhombomeres are not visible in adults, a segmental map of adult cranial nerve efferent nuclei can be inferred from the strict retention of the larval hindbrain pattern. Precise measurements of the borders of adjacent efferent nuclei within a coordinate system based on external landmarks were used to create a quantitative adult segmental map that mirrors the organization of the larval rhombomeric framework. Plotting morphologically and physiologically identified hindbrain neurons onto this map allows the physiological properties of adult hindbrain neurons to be linked with the underlying genetically specified segmental framework. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:228–245, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mathematical analysis of vortex sheets
Authors: Wu Sijue 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe consider the motion of the interface separating two domains of the same fluid that moves with different velocities along the tangential direction of the interface. The evolution of the interface (the vortex sheet) is governed by the Birkhoff‐Rott (BR) equations. We consider the question of the weakest possible assumptions such that the Birkhoff‐Rott equation makes sense. This leads us to introduce chord‐arc curves to this problem. We present three results. The first can be stated as the following: Assume that the Birkhoff‐Rott equation has a solution in a weak sense and that the vortex strength is bounded away from 0 and ∞. Moreover, assume that the solution gives rise to a vortex sheet curve that is chord‐arc. Then the curve is automatically smooth, in fact analytic, for fixed time. The second and third results demonstrate that the Birkhoff‐Rott equation can be solved if and only if only half the initial data is given. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.