bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supervised one‐shot learning algorithm for real‐valued inputs
Authors: Demura Kosei , Anzai Yuichiro , Kajiura Masahiro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a neural network algorithm called SOLAR (Supervised One‐shot Learning Algorithm for Real‐valued inputs) that can complete learning by a single presentation of the real‐valued inputs.The similarity matrix is introduced in SOLAR, which can measure the Euclidean distance between training instances represented by a real number. Based on the geometrical structure of the similarity matrix, the structure of the network, the connection weights, the learning parameters and the linear discriminant function are determined. Then, the learning is executed by a single presentation of the training set. The nonlinearly separable case can be reduced to the linearly separable case by decomposing the set of supervisor signals into linearly separable sets.The main contribution of this paper is that SOLAR realizes a high‐speed learning by a single presentation of the input data composed of real values and a large‐scale complex set of data can be learned. This has been difficult in previous models.In addition, since the number of hidden units and the parameters are determined by the algorithm, there is no problem such as trial‐and error.Simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed method by learning a relatively large‐scale problem, such as the backpropagation algorithm, which has been difficult based on the gradient descent method.
An implementation of parallel production systems with two load balancing mechanisms
Authors: Miyazaki Jun , Yokota Haruo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn implementation method is proposed for parallel production systems on multicomputers, or message‐passing computers, to speed up execution time. There have been proposed parallel production systems using hash mechanism, but they cause a skewed load distribution problem. To obtain more efficient balance of load, the method addressed here and named clustered parallel production systems (CPPS) adopts two load balancing strategies: hash and demand‐driven. Taking account of the cost of termination detection, the execution time of the CPPS and simple hash method are estimated, and implement on an nCube2. The estimation meets the execution results. The CPPS provides much better load balance to improve scalability.
The delaunay triangulation for accurate three‐dimensional graphic model
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Uchiyama Shinji , Tamura Hideyuki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a method to construct the Delaunay triangulation for creating a polygon patch model, which is used as a graphic model for applications such as computer graphics and virtual reality. This method is based on the conventional incremental method to construct the Voronoi diagram, but has two characteristics that are especially suitable for a three‐dimensional geometric modeling. One of these characteristics is that a point can be removed from the mesh. This feature is useful for the interactive modeling application in which points are often removed and moved. The other is that a line, which lies between two points, can be constrained to be an edge of the mesh. This is necessary for creating an accurate three‐dimensional model. Without this feature, the mesh usually obtained has totally different three‐dimensional structure from the real object. A process to apply this method to a radial range image is described as well as the details of this method. Experimental results and evaluation of this method are also shown.
A method of pedestrian detection based on rhythm of walking
Authors: Yasutomi Satoshi , Mori Hideo , Kiyohiro Noriaki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt is important for mobile robots and security purposes to discriminate a pedestrian among moving objects in a video. This paper proposes a method which discriminates a pedestrian from other objects by using periodic motions of the feet, and the characteristics of the rhythm of pace and stride. This method uses brightness changes in sequential images of a moving object contacting with the ground, and extracts the main component of the frequency using a power spectrum estimation. Therefore, the method is independent of pedestrian's appearance such as clothes, build, and hair style. The system realizing this method consists of three processes: moving object detection which uses the difference between successive image frames; tracking of the moving object using a moving model with an extended Kahman filter and an observation model; and detection of the pedestrian based on rhythm of walking using the difference of brightness between images on successive frames. The whole process is performed in real time. Experiments using real scenes confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method: 446 pedestrians out of 470 were successfully detected (detection rate 94.9%), and 101 persons out of 106 were successfully detected as non‐pedestrians (96.2%).
Proposal of hybrid verification method in asynchronous real‐time software including timing constraints specification
Authors: Yamane Satoshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA verification system of asynchronous real‐time software including timing constraints, which supports both model‐checking algorithms and language inclusion algorithms, does not exist. In a language inclusion algorithm, verification specification is described by a timed automaton from the standpoint of both states and behaviors. On the other hand, in a model‐checking algorithm, verification specification is described by real‐time temporal logic from the standpoint of state relation. It is necessary to specify verification property by both timed automaton and real‐time temporal logic. A hybrid verification method, which supports both verification methods, is proposed here. In order to realize it, a timed Kripke structure is generated from timed automaton through an augmented region graph. The method is shown to be effective using the example of a clock problem.
Queuing spin lock algorithms with preemption
Authors: Takada Hiroaki , Sakamura Ken 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBoth predictable interprocessor synchronization and fast interrupt response are required for real‐time systems constructed using asymmetric shared‐memory multiprocessors. This paper points out that conventional spin lock algorithms cannot satisfy both requirements at the same time and describes two spin lock algorithms that have been proposed to solve this problem. These algorithms, extensions of queuing spin locks modified to be preemptable for servicing interrupts, can give upper bounds on the times to acquire and release an interprocessor lock while achieving a fast response to interrupt requests. The performance measurement of the algorithms demonstrates that the algorithms have required properties. To apply the algorithms to real‐time kernels, we also propose an extended algorithm, which is a combination of the two algorithms.
Extension of regularization theory based on general regression into multivalued functions and a reconstruction algorithm for discontinuous functions without line processes
Authors: Mizutani Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper considers the regularization theory based on the general regression. The general regression does not require the measure for the smoothness, which plays the important role in the standard regularization theory or its extension. The theory is extended so that the regularization can be applied to the case where the data are multivalued. Based on the extended theory, an algorithm is derived which can reconstruct in a deterministic way the discontinuous function from the discrete data, without requiring the conventional line process, by regarding the discontinuity as a boundary between different functions. The effectiveness of the derived algorithm and the robustness against the noise are demonstrated by a computer simulation.
A method for determining three‐dimensional surface orientation of objects with textures
Authors: Shinmoto Koichi , Honda Tsunenori , Kaneko Shun'Ichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTo reconstruct the shape of an object from its image, the conventional photometric stereo method requires a preprocessing (e.g., region segmentation based on gray levels) unless the reflectance of its surface is uniform and known; and the method is applicable only to a part of the surface illuminated by more than three light sources.This paper proposes a method based on the photometric stereo method, but with the newly introduced restriction conditions so that the method can be applied without preprocessing to an object with surface texture including regions illuminated by fewer than three light sources. The method has been applied successfully to two spherical objects: the mean square error in the reconstruction of an object where surface texture is 0.01723, and that without texture is 0.002063.
Recursive Diagonal Torus (RDT): An Interconnection Network for the Massively Parallel Computers
Authors: Yang Yulu , Amano Hideharu , Shibamura Hidetomo , Sueyoshi Toshinori 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes the recursive diagonal torus (RDT), which is the interconnection network for the massively parallel computer with 216or more processors. RDT can realize a small diameter (12 for 16 Knode) with a small number of links compared to the hypercube by adding links recursively along the diagonal direction of the two‐dimensional torus. The packet is routed by a simple algorithm called vector routing. RDT not only includes a torus, but also easily implements the emulation of the hypercube or tree as well as the packet broadcast. Considering a typical packet transfer method, the random transfer performance is evaluated. A satisfactory result is obtained compared to the 2‐D or 3‐D torus, although somewhat inferior to the hypercube with a large number of links.
A construction of back‐propagation neural networks including time delay elements (BPD)
Authors: Nishi Masaaki , Furuya Junji , Nakamura Tadao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe propose here a back‐propagation neural network with built‐in time delay elements (back‐propagation neural networks including time delay elements: BPD) where the delay elements are connected so that an output is self‐fedback per neuron constituting the neural network. The learning algorithm for the BPD can be obtained by the most gradient descent method. The processing methods are classified into four types according to the degree of simplification in the course of formulation and whether or not the numerical calculation using the perturbation is introduced in obtaining a differential value. As applied problems, four types of problems are formed based on the combinations in which the input‐output signals of the neural network are analog signals or digital signals. For these four types of problems, the BPD is computer‐simulated by utilizing the four types of processing methods. In addition, which processing method is preferable is examined with respect to the learning processing results and processing time. It will be confirmed that in the BPD a sufficient learning processing effect can be obtained by utilizing a method where a secondary effect is ignored and the formulation is simplified. Moreover, SCNN, Jordan's and Elman's networks are taken as examples of the conventional recurrent neural networks which can handle the time‐sequence problems. Then, the results with the conventional neural networks are compared and examined when adapted to the above‐mentioned four‐type applied problems to confirm the effectiveness of the neural network proposed.
Text understanding using a two‐dimensional spatial imagery
Authors: Itoh Motoyuki , Kubo Shin , Itoh Yukihiro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the framework of a system that can understand a textbook for machine operation, based on the model of an object world that can retain informations not only by symbolic representation but also by image. In any understanding of the description for machine operation, spatial information is important, and there must be a model that can retain the informations with natural reflection of the continuity and relative location, independently of the particular point of observation. Such a representation is difficult, dealing only with the symbolic knowledge representation used in the conventional language understanding system. From such a viewpoint, this paper notes the usefulness of the representation by the image and proposes the imagery object world model, which can utilize partially the properties of the image, using mathematical expressions in a two‐dimensional real coordinate system. Mechanisms both to execute the simulation on the proposed model and to read the text using the simulation mechanism, are investigated. A system is constructed experimentally based on the proposed idea, which can construct the model for the input sentence, while executing a simulation and generating symbolic recognition expressions. With those functions, the identity or the similarity of the language expressions derived from the same object or event from different viewpoints, can adequately be decided.
Developmental effects of SSRIs: lessons learned from animal studies
Authors: Borue Xenia , Chen John , Condron Barry G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are utilized in the treatment of depression in pregnant and lactating women. SSRIs may be passed to the fetus through the placenta and the neonate through breastfeeding, potentially exposing them to SSRIs during peri‐ and postnatal development. However, the long‐term effects of this SSRI exposure are still largely unknown. The simplicity and genetic amenability of model organisms provides a critical experimental advantage compared to studies with humans. This review will assess the current research done in animals that sheds light on the role of serotonin during development and the possible effects of SSRIs. Experimental studies in rodents show that administration of SSRIs during a key developmental window creates changes in brain circuitry and maladaptive behaviors that persist into adulthood. Similar changes result from the inhibition of the serotonin transporter or monoamine oxidase, implicating these two regulators of serotonin signaling in developmental changes. Understanding the role of serotonin in brain development is critical to identifying the possible effects of SSRI exposure.
Effects of ovarian high response on implantation and pregnancy outcome during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (with GnRH agonist and rFSH)
Authors: CHEN QIU‐JU , CHEN QIU‐JU , SUN XIAO‐XI , LI LU , GAO XIAO‐HONG , WU YU , GEMZELL‐DANIELSSON KRISTINA , CHENG LI‐NAN 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground. The study was aimed at investigating the effects of ovarian high response during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) on implantation and pregnancy outcome in fresh IVF/ICSI cycles, and subsequent frozen‐thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Methods. An analysis of 1,196 cycles using a long protocol with GnRHa and rFSH was performed. A serum oestrial level (peak E2) was obtained on the day of hCG administration, and patients were grouped by peak E2 percentile distribution into 3 groups. Normal responder was set as cut‐off concentrations between percentile (P)25 and P75 (Group A: 1,199–3,047 pg/ml, 595 cycles). Moderate high responders were classified as peak E2 between P75–P90 (Group B: 3,048–4,127 pg/ml, 180 cycles). For the high response group, the E2 cut‐off concentration was set as P90 and above (Group C: ≥4,128 pg/ml, 119 cycles). Oocyte/embryo parameters and clinical outcomes were compared among the 3 groups in fresh cycles and subsequent FET cycles. Results. Comparisons between groups revealed no difference in the quality of oocyte retrieved and in fertilisation rates. Group C showed decreased trends in implantation and pregnancy rates compared with Group A, but statistical significance was reached only for the difference in implantation rates. Implantation and pregnancy rates in FET cycles were similar among the 3 groups. Conclusions. High serum estrogen levels were detrimental to implantation, but not to the quality of oocytes, which may be due to an adverse effect on endometrial receptivity in COH cycles.
Color-flow Doppler sonography in the differential diagnosis and management of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Loy M. , Perra E. , Melis A. , Cianchetti M. E. , Piga M. , Serra A. , Pinna G. , Mariotti S. 
Published: July 2007

Background: Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) may be caused by excessive thyroidal hormone synthesis and release (type 1) or by a destructive process (type 2). This differentiation is considered essential for therapeutic choice. Purpose: To evaluate the utility of color-flow Doppler sonography (CFDS) in the differential diagnosis and management of AIT. Material and Methods: The clinical and laboratory data, thyroid sonography (grayscale sonography [GSS], CFDS), thyroid radioiodine uptake (RAIU) and thyroid scintigraphy, treatment, and clinical outcome were retrospectively reviewed in 21 AIT patients. The CFDS pattern of thyroid nodules was separately described from that of the perinodular parenchyma, and AIT was classified as type 1 (increased blood flow) or type 2 (low/no blood flow). Type 1 AIT patients were treated with methimazole (alone or associated with potassium perchlorate), while type 2 patients were treated with prednisone or amiodarone withdrawal alone. Results: Eleven patients with increased blood flow were considered as type 1, and 10 with low/no blood flow as type 2. Ten of the 11 patients in the first group showed a hypervascular nodular pattern, while one showed a hypervascular parenchymal pattern. Clinical diagnoses were toxic nodular goiter and Graves' disease, respectively. Of the 10 patients with low/no blood flow, six had normal thyroid volume, three small diffuse goiter, and one small multinodular goiter. The clinical outcome showed that 20 of the 21 patients were treatment responsive. Conclusion: CFDS is a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of AIT. This differentiation appeared to be of clinical relevance as regards therapeutic choice. Separate evaluation of parenchymal blood flow from that of nodules may prove beneficial in the diagnosis of underlying thyroid diseases in patients with type 1 AIT.
Zimbabwe's agricultural ‘success’ and food security in Southern Africa
Authors: Cliffe Lionel 
Published: July 2007

Zimbabwe's track record is being touted as the latest ‘miracle’ that should be copied in promoting agricultural production. It has indeed succeeded in producing food surpluses in most years and its African smallholders have greatly increased their contribution to marketed crop production since 1980. This article seeks to explore how far it can be the basis for a ‘model’ for agricultural development, at least for the ‘labour‐reserve economies’ of southern Africa (including even a reformed South Africa). In order to do that it first explores the basis for such success as has occurred but also spells out the limits of these ‘successes’, what areas of necessary agrarian transformation have not yet been addressed and how these might be tackled.
It will be shown that smallholders in the former ‘reserves’ have responded to removal of settler colonialism's imposed barriers and to the extension to them of new opportunities of credit and inputs and of centralised (not as the World Bank would prefer ‘free’ marketing structures, both of which had been built up to serve large‐scale white settler farming. These benefits have been confined to a minority of regions and of better‐off peasants and have not solved the problems of poverty faced by the majority. The long‐run need to transform the technical, social and environmental limitations of the agrarian system in the smallholder ('communal') areas and to generate a more democratic, productive and sustainable system have still to be tackled. It is argued that to do so will require a second stage of agrarian reform that will be constitutionally more possible in 1990, reform that integrates changes in ‘communal’ agriculture with continued redistribution of the large scale commercial holdings of the white settlers. In this respect Zimbabwe can build on its ‘resettlement programme’ which has been a qualitative success in production terms (though one whose positive record has been denied by various vested interests) even if not yet on a sufficiently large scale.
Acute Myocarditis Associated with Clozapine
Authors: Varambally Shivarama , Howpage Padmini 
Published: July 2007

Objective: A case of acute myocarditis associated with the commencement of clozapine is described, highlighting the onset, course and possible contributing factors. There is an urgent need to raise awareness about this potentially fatal complication of clozapine use. Results: A 20-year-old male with schizophrenia developed a sudden onset of myocarditis after commencement of clozapine. The patient recovered with intensive medical support. The symptoms occurred around 2 weeks after starting clozapine in an inpatient setting. Possible contributing factors may have been concomitant antidepressant use and unaccustomed physical activity. Conclusions: Myocarditis is an increasingly recognized complication associated with the use of clozapine. It can be fatal if not recognized and treated early. Considering that clozapine remains the gold standard in treatment of resistant psychosis, there is an urgent need to raise awareness among medical and paramedical staff involved in the care of these patients. There are also implications for recommendations and regulations regarding the use of clozapine.
The Clinicide Phenomenon: An Exploration Of Medical Murder
Authors: Kaplan Robert 
Published: July 2007

Objective: The aim of this paper is to explore the phenomenon of clinicide. Conclusions: The study of medical killers is barely in its infancy. Clinicide is the unnatural death of multiple patients in the course of treatment by a doctor. Serial medical killing is a relatively new phenomenon. The role model is Dr Marcel Petiot, the worst serial killer in French history. More recently, Dr Harold Shipman was Britain's worst serial killer and in the United States and Zimbabwe, Dr Michael Swango killed 60 patients. A number of doctors have such high patient death rates that it cannot be ignored. At some level, these doctors have an awareness of what they are doing, countered by an overweening refusal to acknowledge the implications or desist from further treatment. Treatment killer offences usually occur on the basis of serial mental illness, but may include the contentious area of euthanasia killing. Doctors have frequently been accomplices in state repression, brutality and genocide in direct contravention to their sanctioned role to relieve suffering and save life. They have become mass murderers on an exponential scale, making any comparison with a doctor killing his own patients almost risible. Many clinicidal doctors have extreme narcissistic personalities, a grandiose view of their own capability and inability to accept that they could be criticized or need assistance from other doctors. Such doctors develop a God-complex, getting a vicarious thrill out of ending suffering and by determining when a person dies.
Schluss
Authors: Klatt Andrea 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Im Schlussteil wird im Sinne der Haupthypothese der große Bogen zwischen den ersten Sterbeerzählungen des 19. Jahrhunderts und den Erzählungen der Gegenwart gespannt und ihr ‚Wert‘ im Sterbediskurs (Kap. 6, Abschn. 1) bestimmt. Anhand der erarbeiteten Funktions- und Wirkungspotenziale (Kap. 6, Abschn. 2) wird veranschaulicht, wie vielfältig mit der Textsorte ‚Erzählung‘ auf die Konfrontation mit dem eigenen Tod reagiert werden kann. Mit einem Ausblick auf Forschungsdesiderate (Kap. 6, Abschn. 3) schließt die Studie.