bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐curable unsaturated polyester inorganic/organic hybrid films
Authors: Nebioglu Ahmet , Teng Ganghua , Soucek Mark D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAn unsaturated polyester, based on maleic anhydride, 1,6‐hexanediol, and trimethylol propane, was formulated with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) oligomers and a coupling agent to prepare inorganic/organic hybrid films. TEOS oligomers were prepared through the hydrolysis and condensation of TEOS with water, and 3‐(triethoxysilyl)propylisocyanate was used as the coupling agent between the organic and inorganic phases. The hybrid materials were cured by moisture via sol–gel chemistry and by the UV curing of unsaturated polyesters. To compare the properties of the moisture‐cured inorganic/organic hybrid films, a conventional 2K polyurethane system was also prepared. The tensile, adhesion, abrasion, and fracture toughness properties were investigated as functions of the coupling agent and relative amount of UV cure versus thermal cure. Although no difference could be observed in the tensile properties, the abrasion resistance, fracture toughness, and adhesion were enhanced by the incorporation of TEOS oligomers into polyurethane films. Also, the abrasion resistance, fracture toughness, and tensile properties were increased with both moisture and UV exposure. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 115–126, 2006
Neurobiological specializations in echolocating bats
Authors: Covey Ellen 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAlthough the bat's nervous system follows the general mammalian plan in both its structure and function, it has undergone a number of modifications associated with flight and echolocation. The most obvious neuroanatomical specializations are seen in the cochleas of certain species of bats and in the lower brainstem auditory pathways of all microchiroptera. This article is a review of peripheral and central auditory neuroanatomical specializations in echolocating bats. Findings show that although the structural features of the central nervous system of echolocating microchiropteran bats are basically the same as those of more generalized mammals, certain pathways, mainly those having to do with accurate processing of temporal information and auditory control of motor activity, are hypertrophied and/or organized somewhat differently from those same pathways in nonecholocating species. Through the resulting changes in strengths and timing of synaptic inputs to neurons in these pathways, bats have optimized the mechanisms for analysis of complex sound patterns to derive accurate information about objects in their environment and direct behavior toward those objects. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strategy hubs: Domain portals to help find comprehensive information
Authors: Bhavnani Suresh K. , Bichakjian Christopher K. , Johnson Timothy M. , Little Roderick J. , Peck Frederick A. , Schwartz Jennifer L. , Strecher Victor J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractRecent studies suggest that the wide variability in type, detail, and reliability of online information motivate expert searchers to develop procedural search knowledge. In contrast to prior research that has focused on finding relevant sources, procedural search knowledge focuses on how to order multiple relevant sources with the goal of retrieving comprehensive information. Because such procedural search knowledge is neither spontaneously inferred from the results of search engines, nor from the categories provided by domain‐specific portals, the lack of such knowledge leads most novice searchers to retrieve incomplete information. In domains like healthcare, such incomplete information can lead to dangerous consequences. To address the above problem, a new kind of domain portal called a Strategy Hub was developed and tested. Strategy Hubs provide critical search procedures and associated high‐quality links to enable users to find comprehensive and accurate information. We begin by describing how we collaborated with physicians to systematically identify generalizable search procedures to find comprehensive information about a disease, and how these search procedures were made available through the Strategy Hub. A controlled experiment suggests that this approach can improve the ability of novice searchers in finding comprehensive and accurate information, when compared to general‐purpose search engines and domain‐specific portals. We conclude with insights on how to refine and automate the Strategy Hub design, with the ultimate goal of helping users find more comprehensive information when searching in unfamiliar domains.
Light‐Induced Transformation of Alkylurea Derivatives in Aqueous TiO2 Dispersion
Authors: Calza Paola , Medana Claudio , Baiocchi Claudio , Hidaka Hisao , Pelizzetti Ezio 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe light‐induced degradation of alkylurea derivatives under simulated solar irradiation has been investigated in aqueous solutions containing TiO2 as a photocatalyst. Herein, we will focus on how the presence of one or more methyl (or ethyl) groups on urea modifies the kinetics of disappearance and influences both the ratio and the extent of the inorganic nitrogen formation caused by different degradation pathways. In the present work, we have elucidated a mechanism for the formation of transformation products of the alkyl derivatives by combining several analytical and spectroscopic procedures and the theoretical simulation of ab initio calculations. In all cases, N‐demethylation represents only a secondary pathway, while the main transformation proceeds through an unexpected cyclization, involving (m)ethyl‐ and di(m)ethylureas with the formation of (methyl)amino‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐3‐one as the principal intermediate of the reaction (with a yield of 60 %). This behaviour is rather unexpected and in contrast with the typical photocatalyzed transformation pathways, which proceed through the formation of more simple structures.
Chirality Transfer from Silicon to Carbon
Authors: Oestreich Martin 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe exploitation of the asymmetry at silicon in stereoselective synthesis is an exceptionally challenging task. Initially, silicon‐stereogenic silanes have been utilized to elucidate the stereochemical course of substitution reactions at silicon. Apart from these mechanistic investigations, only a handful of synthetic applications with an asymmetrically substituted silicon as the stereochemical controller have been reported to date. In these transformations the chiral silicon functions as a chiral auxiliary. Conversely, a direct transfer of chirality from silicon to carbon during bond formation and cleavage at silicon has remained open until its recent realization in both inter‐ and intramolecular reactions. In this Concept, the pivotal considerations in relation to the nature of suitable silanes as well as mechanistic prerequisites for an efficient chirality transfer will be discussed.
Unique Barium Selenostannate—Selenide: Ba7Sn3Se13 (and Its Variants Ba7Sn3Se13‐δTeδ) with SnSe4 Tetrahedra and Isolated Se Anions.
Authors: Assoud Abdeljalil , Kleinke Holger 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Organometallic Chimie Douce Approach to New RexW1‐xO3 Phases.
Authors: Helbig Christian , Herrmann Rudolf , Mayr Franz , Scheidt Ernst‐Wilhelm , Troester Klaus , Hanss Jan , Krug von Nidda Hans‐Albrecht , Heymann Gunter , Huppertz Hubert , Scherer Wolfgang 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heterocyclic Derivative Syntheses by Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization—Alkoxycarbonylation of Substituted γ‐Oxoalkynes.
Authors: Bacchi Alessia , Costa Mirco , Della Ca Nicola , Gabriele Bartolo , Salerno Giuseppe , Cassoni Silvia 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Reactions of N1‐Alkyl‐N2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)ethanediamide and Acetylenic Esters in the Presence of tert‐Butyl Isocyanide.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Moradi Loghman , Nasiri Farough , Djahaniani Hoorieh 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Route to 4‐Substituted‐2(5H)‐furanones, 2(1H)‐Quinolones, and Pyrones by Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Arenesulfonates with Organozinc Reagents.
Authors: Wu Jie , Sun Xiaoyu , Zhang Liang 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chromium‐Mediated Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐1‐Fluoro‐2‐alkenyl Alkyl and Trialkylsilyl Ethers from Dibromofluoromethylcarbinyl Ethers.
Authors: Nakagawa Muga , Saito Akio , Soga Aiko , Yamamoto Natsuko , Taguchi Takeo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effective Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds with Hydrogen Catalyzed by Iridium Complex in Organic Solvent and in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Imao Daisuke , Fujihara Shoichiro , Yamamoto Takeshi , Ohta Tetsuo , Ito Yoshihiko 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Concise Synthesis of Multiply Substituted Stereodefined cis,cis‐2,4‐Diene‐1,6‐dials, cis,cis‐2,4‐Diene‐1,6‐diols and Further Applications.
Authors: Mao Guoliang , Wang Congyang , Chen Jinglong , Muramatsu Ayako , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Catalytic Mannich‐Type Reaction of a Glycine Schiff Base Using a Chiral Two‐Center Phase‐Transfer Catalyst.
Authors: Okada Akihiro , Shibuguchi Tomoyuki , Ohshima Takashi , Masu Hyuma , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Reactions of N‐(2‐Hydroxyacetyl)pyrrole as an Ester‐Equivalent Donor.
Authors: Harada Shinji , Handa Shinya , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Generation and Utilization of P‐Cyclic α‐Methoxycarbonylmethylenephosphoranes.
Authors: Keglevich Gyoergy , Forintos Henrietta , Ujvari Aniko , Ludanyi Krisztina , Bitter Istvan , Toeke Laszlo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Efficient Route to o‐Allylbiaryls via Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling of Benzynes, Allylic Halides, and Aryl Organometallic Reagents.
Authors: Jayanth Thiruvellore Thatai , Jeganmohan Masilamani , Cheng Chien‐Hong 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryls Through Rhodium‐Catalyzed Complete Intermolecular Cross‐Cyclotrimerization of Internal Alkynes.
Authors: Tanaka Ken , Nishida Goushi , Ogino Masakazu , Hirano Masao , Noguchi Keiichi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Convenient Phosphorus Tribromide Induced Syntheses of Substituted 1‐Arylmethylnaphthalenes from 1‐Tetralone Derivatives.
Authors: Shagufta Shagufta , Raghunandan Resmi , Maulik Prakas R. , Panda Gautam 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rh(I)‐Catalyzed CO Gas‐Free Cyclohydrocarbonylation of Alkynes with Formaldehyde to α,β‐Butenolides.
Authors: Fuji Koji , Morimoto Tsumoru , Tsutsumi Ken , Kakiuchi Kiyomi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Analgesic Activities of Some 2‐(Benzazolylacetyl)amino‐3‐ethoxycarbonylthiophene Derivatives.
Authors: Demirayak Seref , Karaburun Ahmet C. , Kayagil Ismail , Ucucu Umit , Beis Rana 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Imines with Cyclic Ketenes: Synthesis of 1,3‐Thiazolidine Derived Spiro‐β‐Lactams and Their Transformations.
Authors: Cremonesi Giuseppe , Dalla Croce Piero , La Rosa Concetta 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Reactivity of N‐Vinyl‐1,2,3‐dithiazolimines.
Authors: Yarovenko Vladimir N. , Es'kov Andrey A. , Kondrashev Pavel A. , Ignatenko Anatolii V. , Zavarzin Igor V. , Vorontsova Lidia G. , Sedishev Igor P. , Krayushkin Mikhail M. , Starikova Zoya A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactivity Studies on a Novel 4‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐2‐thione.
Authors: Gharbi Rafik , Ben‐Youssef Mouna , Martin Marie‐Therese , Mighri Zine 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pallado‐Catalyzed P‐Arylations and P‐Vinylation of 2‐Hydrogeno‐2‐oxo‐1,4,2‐oxazaphosphinanes.
Authors: Pirat Jean‐Luc , Monbrun Jerome , Virieux David , Cristau Henri‐Jean 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Practical and Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Alkynyl‐β‐amino Esters Through Ag‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Mannich Reactions of Silylketene Acetals and Alkynyl Imines.
Authors: Josephsohn Nathan S. , Carswell Emma L. , Snapper Marc L. , Hoveyda Amir H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stainless‐Steel‐Net‐Supported Zeolite NaA Membrane with High Permeance and High Permselectivity for Oxygen over Nitrogen.
Authors: Yin Xiaoju , Zhu Guangshan , Yang Weishen , Li Yanshuo , Zhu Guangqi , Xu Rui , Sun Jinyu , Qiu Shilun , Xu Ruren 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Composite Surfactant Route for the Synthesis of Thermally Stable and Hierarchically Porous Zirconia with a Nanocrystallized Framework.
Authors: Chen Hangrong , Gu Jinlou , Shi Jianlin , Liu Zhicheng , Gao Jianhua , Ruan Meiling , Yan Dongsheng 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of 2/3‐Arylthio‐ and 2,3‐Bis(arylthio)‐5‐hydroxy‐/5‐methoxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinones.
Authors: Ryu Chung‐Kyu , Shim Ju‐Yeon , Chae Mi Jin , Choi Ik Hwa , Han Ja‐Young , Jung Ok‐Jai , Lee Jung Yoon , Jeong Seong Hee 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Gas‐Phase Ion‐Molecule Reactions of Divalent Metal Complex Ions: Toward Coordination Structure Analysis by Mass Spectrometry and Some Intrinsic Coordination Chemistry Along the Way
Authors: Combariza M. Yajaira , Fahey Angela M. , Milshteyn Aleksandr , Vachet Richard W. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Floral Benzenoid Carboxyl Methyltransferases: From in vitro to in Planta Function
Authors: Effmert Uta , Saschenbrecker Sandra , Ross Jeannine , Negre Florence , Fraser Chris M. , Noel Joseph P. , Dudareva Natalia , Piechulla Birgit 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Influence of Illuminance on the Observed Order of Reaction of Photodegradation of Nitrofurazone Solution
Authors: Tao Lin , Xian‐Cheng Zhan , Xiu‐Cen Yang , Ning He , Cheng‐Rong Li , Lin‐Li Li 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe relationship between the observed order of reaction of photodegradation of nitrofurazone solution and the illuminance of incident light as well as the concentration of the solution was studied. In the studies, the solutions of three concentrations were exposed to light with three different illuminance values, respectively. The results indicated that the observed order of reaction was increased with the decrease of concentration, when the illuminance was kept constant, and with the increase of illuminance when the concentration was kept constant. The observed order of reaction of photodegradation of nitrofurazone solution depended on both the concentration of the drug and the illuminance of the incident light.
DFT Study on the QSAR of Nitroaromatic Compound Toxicity to the Fathead Minnow
Authors: Xiu‐Fen Yan , He‐Ming Xiao , Xue‐Hai Ju , Xue‐Dong Gong 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe DFT‐B3LYP method, with the basis set 6‐311G**, was employed to calculate the molecular geometries and electronic structures of 31 nitroaromatics. EHOMO, ELUMO, QC, QN, QNO2 and μ were selected as quantum chemical descriptors. The acute toxicity (−lg LC50) of these compounds to the fathead minnow along with the six descriptors was used to establish the quantitative structure‐activity relationships (QSARs). Through stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, a model was established as follows: −lg LC50=9.524−39.527ELUMO+16.859EHOMO+15.130Q+4.166QC (n=28, R=0.912, SE=0.361, F=28.468). The model was applied to predict and elucidate the toxicity of nitroaromatics successfully. Furthermore, a metabolic route of nitroaromatics in fathead minnow was proposed.
Application of the Ion‐interaction Model to the Solubility Prediction of LiCl‐HCl‐MgCl2‐H2O System at 20 °C
Authors: Ya‐Hong Li , Peng‐Sheng Song , Shu‐Ping Xia , Wu Li , Shi‐Yang Gao 
Published: October 2005

AbstractComponent solubility in HCl‐LiCl‐MgCl2‐H2O system of high ionic strength at 20 °C was predicted by using the Pitzer's ion‐interaction model. The results indicated that the model supplied a very good prediction of the component solubility of the system mentioned above. The values of parameters of β0, β1andCϕof HCl, LiCl and MgCl2were obtained from optimization of literature data, while those of θMNand ψMNXwere calculated from a least‐squares optimization procedure to couple activity coefficient with solubility data. According to the ion‐interaction model, no additional parameters need to be determined for more complex systems. The study provided theoretical basis for the manufacture process, which was proposed by Gao and employed to extract LiCl and MgCl2·6H2O from salt lake brine.
Effect of Sodium Halide on Dynamic Surface Tension of a Cationic Surfactant
Authors: Feng‐Feng Lü , Li‐Qiang Zheng , Yan‐An Gao , Gan‐Zuo Li , Zhen‐He Tong 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe equilibrium and dynamic surface tension (DST) of the novel cationic surfactant, 3‐(p‐nonylphenoxy)‐2‐hydroxylpropyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, abbreviated as RTAB, were studied. The effect of sodium halide such as NaCl, NaBr and NaI on the DST behavior of the RTAB solution below its CMC was studied in detail. Due to the preferential adsorption, the effect of hydration and salting out, the ability to reduce the DST values at the same concentration was in the order of NaI>NaBr>NaCl. Attributed to its high surface activity, the equilibrium time of the DST of the surfactant solution was insensitive to the ionic strength.
Facile Synthesis of 1,2‐Diarylacetylene Compounds and Correlation between Their Structures and Physical Properties
Authors: Xin‐Bing Chen , Zhong‐Wei An , Lin Jia , Ai‐Ai Gao 
Published: October 2005

Abstract1,2‐Diarylacetylenes have been synthesized by a facile method consisting of an addition of diaryl ketone with acetyl chloride and the elimination of resultant ethene chloride. Correlation between physical properties and structure of the 1,2‐diarylacetylene has been studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), refractor and electro‐optical parameter test instrument. The results show that birefringence was increased with inserting cyclohexyl into the skeleton, but mesophase range, melting and clearing points were reduced with introducing the ethylene bridge in the molecule, and birefringence, viscosity, clearing point and mesophase range could all be decreased with perfluoro alkyl/alkoxyl terminal instead of alkyl/alkoxyl moiety.
Roles of Anions in Pyridinecarboxamide‐copper(II) Supramolecular Networks
Authors: Chun‐Hua Ge , Xiang‐Dong Zhang , Wei Guan , Fang Guo , Qi‐Tao Liu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThree complexes Cu(ppca)2(H2O)2(NO3)2 (1), Cu2(μ‐OH)2(ppca)2(H2O)4}·(ClO4)2 (2) and Cu2(μ‐CH3COO)4(ppca)2 (3) have been synthesized by the reaction of copper(II) salts with N‐phenyl‐4‐pyridinecarboxamide (ppca) and characterized. For anions, in complex 1, NO3‐ coordinated with copper(II), in complex 2 perchlorate anion did not take part in coordination, the copper(II) cations were connected by μ‐OH to form a dinuclear unit, and complex 3 had a dimeric copper(II) carboxylate paddle‐wheel core. Noncovalent interactions linked these complexes to form supramolecular networks. Different coordinating modes of anions controlled modes of intermolecular interactions, which resulted in different final structures.
Reaction Mechanism and Dynamic Investigations of Poly‐channel Decomposition Reactions ofo‐Pyridyl Radical
Authors: Xue‐Li Cheng , Li‐Qing Li , Gui‐Xin Li , Yan‐Yun Zhao , Yan‐Fei Li 
Published: October 2005

AbstractUtilizing Gaussian94 program package, all species involved in decomposition reactions ofo‐pyridyl radical were optimized fully at B3LYP/6‐311++G** level. Intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations were employed to confirm the connections of the transition states and products, and transition states were ascertained by the number of imaginary frequency (0 or 1). The reaction mechanism was elucidated by the vibrational mode analysis and electronic population analysis, and the reaction rate constants were calculated with transition state theory.
Synthesis and Characterization of meso‐Tetrakis‐ (p‐methoxyphenyl)porphyrin Rare Earth Chloride
Authors: Miao Yu , Guo‐Fa Liu , Qi‐Dong Zhao , De‐Jun Wang , Xu Jiang 
Published: October 2005

Abstractmeso‐Tetrakis‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)porphyrin rare earth chlorides, Ln(TMOPP)Cl (Ln: Dy, Ho, Tm, Yb, Lu and H2TMOPP: tetrakis‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)porphyrin), were synthesized and characterized. Their composition, structure and properties were studied by elemental analyses, ultra‐violet visible spectra, infrared spectra, luminescence spectra, molar conductances and thermal analysis. The four nitrogen atoms of the porphyrin are bonded to a central rare earth ion with four coordination numbers. The lanthanide ion lies above the porphyrin molecular plane and chloride ion is outside boundary of the coordination compound. Complexes are stable below 200 °C and do not contain small molecules (water or solvent). Ultra‐violet visible and infrared spectra were recorded and some of spectral bands were assigned. Surface photovoltaic spectroscopy (SPS) and electric‐field induced surface photovoltaic spectroscopy (EFISPS) were measured. The spectral bands were assigned. The photovoltaic response is similar to the UV‐visible absorption spectrum, therefore corresponding to analogous electron transition process.
Multicolor Photochromism of Polymolybdate‐Citric Acid Composite Films
Authors: Jing Wang , Guang‐Jin Zhang , Wen‐Sheng Yang , Jian‐Nian Yao 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPhotochromic polymolybdate‐citric acid composite films were fabricated. It was found that after UV irradiation the composite films with different molar ratios of organic/inorganic components exhibited different colors. The UV‐irradiated films showed dark blue, dark khaki and light sea green colors when the ratios were 1.0, 0.3 and 0.2, respectively. It was identified by Raman spectra that the polymolybdate species formed in the composite films after UV irradiation were sensitive to the ratios of the organic/inorganic components, thus resulting in the different colors of irradiated films. Citric acid played an important role during the photochromic process. Under UV light irradiation, it served as hole scavenger that suppresses the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes to make the polymolybdates show UV light photochromism.