bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of induction of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in gnotobiotic pigs with negative results for porcine circovirus type 2
Authors: Krakowka Steven , Hartunian Catherine , Hamberg Alexander , Shoup David , Rings Michael , Zhang Yan , Allan Gordon , Ellis John A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) could be experimentally induced in gnotobiotic swine.
Sample Population—Plasma samples from 27 sows and 20 conventional weaned piglets were obtained, and 30 gnotobiotic pigs were used in experiments.
Procedures—3 experiments were conducted. Groups of 3-day-old gnotobiotic pigs were inoculated with pooled plasma samples obtained from healthy feeder pigs in a herd that was in the initial phases of an outbreak of respiratory disease; gross and histologic lesions of PDNS were detected in the inoculated pigs. In a second experiment, 2- and 3-day-old gnotobiotic pigs were inoculated with porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and with PRRSV-negative tissue homogenate containing genogroup 1 torque teno virus (g1-TTV). Lesions of PDNS were detected.
Results—Pigs inoculated with pooled plasma or the combination of tissue-culture–origin PRRSV and g1-TTV tissue homogenate developed systemic hemostatic defects, bilaterally symmetric cutaneous hemorrhages, generalized edema, icterus, bilaterally symmetric renal cortical hemorrhage, dermal vasculitis with hemorrhage, and interstitial pneumonia consistent with a clinical and pathologic diagnosis of PDNS. The PRRSV RNAs and g1-TTV DNAs were detected in plasma; all pigs seroconverted to PRRSV, and all had negative results for porcine circovirus type 2 when tested by use of PCR assays.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These data suggested that PDNS is a manifestation of disseminated intravascular coagulation in swine. For the experimental conditions reported here, combined infection with g1-TTV and PRRSV was implicated in the genesis of these lesions.
Assessment of the transformation of equine skin–derived fibroblasts to multinucleated skeletal myotubes following lentiviral-induced expression of equine myogenic differentiation 1
Authors: Fernandez-Fuente Marta , Ames Elizabeth G. , Wagner Michelle L. , Zhou Haiyan , Strom Molly , Zammit Peter S. , Mickelson James R. , Muntoni Francesco , Brown Susan C. , Piercy Richard J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Objective—To develop a reliable method for converting cultured equine skin–derived fibroblasts into muscle cells.
Sample Population—Equine skin–derived fibroblasts.
Procedures—The equine myogenic differentiation 1 (eqMyoD) genomic sequence was obtained by use of equine bacterial artificial chromosome screening and PCR sequencing. Total mRNA was extracted from foal skeletal muscle, and eqMyoD cDNA was cloned into a plasmid vector with an internal ribosomal entry site to express bicistronic eqMyoD or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Transient expression was confirmed by immunocytochemical analysis and western immunoblots in equine fibroblasts and fibroblasts from National Institutes of Health Swiss mouse embryos, prior to generation of a lentiviral vector containing the same coding sequences. Transformation of equine skin–derived cells into skeletal myotubes was examined by use of immunohistochemical analysis, western immunoblotting, and periodic acid–Schiff staining.
Results—eqMyoD mRNA consists of 960 bp and shares high homology with myogenic differentiation 1 from other mammals. Transfection confirmed the expression of a 53-kd protein with mainly nuclear localization. Lentiviral transduction was efficient, with approximately 80% of EGFP-positive cells transformed into multinucleated myotubes during 15 days, as determined by expression of the muscle-specific proteins desmin, troponin-T, and sarcomeric myosin and by cytoplasmic storage of glycogen.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Equine primary fibroblasts were transformed by lentiviral transduction of eqMyoD into fusion-competent myoblasts. This may offer a preferable alternative to primary myoblast cultures for the investigation of cellular defects associated with muscle diseases of horses, such as recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis and polysaccharide storage myopathy.
Evaluation of duration of corneal anesthesia induced with ophthalmic 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride by use of a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer in clinically normal horses
Authors: Kalf Kelly L. , Utter Mary E. , Wotman Kathryn L. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Objective—To measure duration of corneal anesthesia and time and degree of maximal anesthetic effect of 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride by use of a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer in horses.
Animals—10 clinically normal adult horses.
Procedures—Baseline corneal touch threshold (CTT) was measured in millimeters for 1 randomly selected eye of each horse by use of the aesthesiometer by applying the filament to the cornea at maximum length (60 mm) and decreasing in 5-mm increments until a consistent blink response was elicited. Following baseline CTT measurement, 0.2 mL of 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride was instilled in the selected eye. The CTT was measured within 1 minute following proparacaine administration and every 5 minutes thereafter for 60 minutes. A mixed-model ANOVA with tested eye varying between subjects and measurement time varying within subject was used to test for main effects and any interaction between these factors. A contrast between means of baseline and each subsequent CTT identified the duration of corneal anesthesia as the time at which there was no difference from baseline. Maximal anesthetic effect occurred at the time with the lowest mean CTT.
Results—Duration of corneal anesthesia achieved by use of proparacaine was 25 minutes, and maximal anesthetic effect occurred within 5 minutes, although CTT never went to 0 in any horse at any time.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Duration of corneal anesthesia in horses was shorter than in dogs, and degree of maximal effect was less than in cats and dogs, most likely because of increased sensitivity of the equine cornea, compared with corneal sensitivity in those species.
Assessment of diuretic effects and changes in plasma aldosterone concentration following oral administration of a single dose of furosemide or azosemide in healthy dogs
Authors: Hori Yasutomo , Katou Akiko , Tsubaki Mizuho , Kanai Kazutaka , Nakao Ruriko , Hoshi Fumio , Itoh Naoyuki , Higuchi Sei-ichi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine the diuretic effects and changes in plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) following oral administration of a single dose of furosemide or azosemide in healthy dogs.
Animals—8 mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures—A single dose of furosemide (2 mg/kg), azosemide (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg), or placebo (bifidobacterium [1 mg/kg]) was administered orally (in random order at 7-day intervals) to each dog (5 treatments/dog). Urine and blood samples were collected before (2 hours after evacuation of the urinary bladder; baseline) and at intervals for 24 hours after drug treatment to assess urine volume and plasma and urine biochemical variables.
Results—Compared with baseline values, treatment with furosemide and azosemide (5 and 10 mg/kg) increased urine output for 1 to 2 hours and 2 to 4 hours, respectively. The 24-hour urine volume and urinary sodium excretion were significantly increased following furosemide and azosemide (5 and 10 mg/kg) treatments, compared with effects of pla-cebo; these increases were dose dependent for azosemide, and increases were similar for furosemide and the 5 mg/kg dose of azosemide. Compared with other treatments, 24-hour urinary potassium excretion was significantly increased with azosemide at 10 mg/kg. Azosemide (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly increased plasma total protein concentration and decreased plasma potassium concentration, compared with baseline values. Compared with the effect of placebo, PAC was significantly increased by furosemide and the 10 mg/kg dose of azosemide.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In healthy dogs, a moderate dose of azosemide caused sufficient diuretic action and increased PAC to a lesser extent than furosemide.
Effects of intravenous administration of caffeine on physiologic variables in exercising horses
Authors: Ferraz Guilherme C. , Teixeira-Neto Antônio R. , Mataqueiro Maria I. , Lacerda-Neto José C. , Queiroz-Neto Antonio 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the effect of acute administration of caffeine on the athletic performance of Arabian horses.
Animals—12 healthy adult Arabian horses that were trained for exercise on a treadmill.
Procedures—By use of a crossover study design, horses received each of the following treatments: IV administration of caffeine (5 mg/kg) and IV administration of approximately the same volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Order of treatment was randomized, and there was a 10-day interval between treatments. Thirty minutes after treatments, horses underwent an incremental exercise test (IET) on a treadmill. Blood samples were collected 15 seconds before the end of each velocity step of the IET for determination of blood lactate, blood glucose, plasma cortisol, and plasma insulin concentrations. Heart rate and hematologic variables were also analyzed.
Results—Velocities achieved when heart rates were 180 and 200 beats/min increased significantly in caffeine-treated horses, compared with control horses. Velocities corresponding to blood lactate concentrations of 4 and 2 mmol/L decreased significantly in caffeine-treated horses, compared with control horses. In comparison between groups, insulinemia was greater in control horses and glycemia was greater in caffeine-treated horses. Plasma cortisol concentration was significantly lowered by treatment with caffeine.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—IV administration of caffeine at 5 mg/kg improved the performance of Arabian horses during intense exercise of short duration and diminished the oxidative metabolism of glucose.
Health and behavior problems in dogs and cats one week and one month after adoption from animal shelters
Authors: Lord Linda K. , Reider Linda , Herron Meghan E. , Graszak Kristy 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Objective—To characterize health and behavior problems in dogs and cats 1 week and 1 month after adoption from animal shelters and identify factors associated with the likelihood that owners of adopted animals would visit a veterinarian.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Sample Population—2,766 (1 week) and 2,545 (1 month) individuals who had adopted an animal from a shelter.
Procedures—Internet and telephone survey responses were collected 1 week and 1 month after animal adoption.
Results—Overall, 1,361 of 2,624 (51.9%) dogs and cats had health problems 1 week after adoption, and 239 of 2,312 (10.3%) had a health problem 1 month after adoption. The most common health problem for dogs and cats was respiratory tract disease. A total of 1,630 of 2,689 (60.6%) respondents had taken their animal to a veterinarian within the first week after adoption and 1,865 of 2,460 (75.8%) had within the first month after adoption. Respondents were more likely to have visited a veterinarian if they had adopted a dog versus a cat or if the animal was young (≤ 1 year old), had ≥ 1 health problem, or had adjusted moderately to extremely well to its new home within the first month after adoption. Cats had fewer behavior problems than dogs. One week after adoption, the most commonly reported behavior problem was house training for dogs and chewing, digging, or scratching at objects for cats.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that improvements can be made in the percentage of new owners who visit a veterinarian after adopting an animal from a shelter.
Clinical, clinicopathologic, and radiographic findings in dogs with aspiration pneumonia: 88 cases (2004–2006)
Authors: Kogan David A. , Johnson Lynelle R. , Jandrey Karl E. , Pollard Rachel E. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate clinical, clinicopathologic, and radiographic findings in dogs with aspiration pneumonia.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—88 dogs with aspiration pneumonia.
Procedures—History, physical examination findings, and clinicopathologic data were obtained from medical records and analyzed for all 88 dogs. Thoracic radiographic findings for all dogs were reviewed to determine the type and location of pulmonary infiltrates.
Results—Aspiration pneumonia was evident at admission to the hospital in 65 (74%) dogs and developed during hospitalization in 23 (26%) dogs. Less than half of these affected dogs had high values for rectal temperature, heart rate, or respiratory rate; however, most (68%) affected dogs had increased, decreased, or adventitious lung sounds. Neutrophilia with a left shift was a common finding. Hypoalbuminemia was detected in 31 of 58 (53%) dogs. Hypoxemia and a high alveolar-arterial gradient in partial pressure of oxygen were detected in 22 of 28 (79%) dogs and 27 of 28 (96%) dogs, respectively. Among the 88 dogs, thoracic radiography revealed a predominantly alveolar infiltrate in 65 (74%) dogs and an interstitial pattern in 23 (26%) dogs; a single lung lobe was affected in 46 (52%) dogs, most commonly the right middle lung lobe (21/46 [46%] dogs).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In dogs, aspiration pneumonia was often associated with abnormalities in pulmonary auscultation in the absence of objective changes in physical examination findings. However, neutrophilia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypoxemia were frequently detected, and radiographic evidence of infiltrates in the right middle lung lobe was common.
Proliferative sparganosis in a dog
Authors: Drake Debora A. , Carreño Abigail D. , Blagburn Byron L. , Little Susan E. , West Misti D. , Hendrix Charles M. , Johnson Calvin M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Case Description—A 21-month-old spayed female Border Collie was examined because of progressive right forelimb lameness, signs of pain, and subcutaneous edema. The dog lived in a fenced yard in Tampa, Fla, that contained a small area of marshy terrain.
Clinical Findings—The subcutis and intermuscular fascia contained multiple cystic cavities filled with larval cestodes (plerocercoids or spargana) and cloudy red fluid. Parasites were identified morphologically and by DNA sequence analysis as pseudophyllidean cestodes, most likely Sparganum proliferum. The dog developed a progressively worsening fever, dyspnea, mature neutrophilia, and hypoproteinemia. Septic pleuritis and peritonitis complicated the later stages of the disease.
Treatment and Outcome—Treatment with praziquantel, fenbendazole, and nitazoxanide failed to control the proliferation and dissemination of larval cestodes. The dog was euthanatized after 133 days of treatment. At necropsy, numerous parasitic tissue cysts were present in the subcutis and intermuscular fascia; these cysts were most abundant in the soft tissues of the forelimbs and cervical musculature. The pleural and peritoneal cavities contained multiple larval cestodes and were characterized by neutrophilic inflammation and secondary bacterial infection.
Clinical Relevance—Findings indicated that clinical signs associated with proliferative sparganosis in dogs may be rapidly progressive and that the condition may be refractory to antiparasitic treatment. Veterinarians should be aware of this zoonotic, water-borne agent.
Computer-controlled electrical stimulation for quantitative mapping of human cortical function
Authors: Dulay Mario F. , Murphey Dona K. , Sun Ping , David Yadin B. , Maunsell John H. R. , Beauchamp Michael S. , Yoshor Daniel 
Published: December 2008

Cortical mapping with electrical stimulation (ES) in neurosurgical patients typically involves the manually controlled delivery of suprathreshold electrical current to a discrete area of the brain. Limited numbers of trials and imprecise current delivery methods increase the variability of the behavioral response and make it difficult to collect quantitative mapping data, which is especially important in research studies of human cortical function.
To overcome these limitations, the authors developed a method for computer-controlled delivery of defined electrical current to implanted intracranial electrodes. They demonstrate that stimulation can be time locked to a behavioral task to rapidly and systematically measure the detection threshold for ES in human visual cortex over many trials.
Computer-controlled ES is well suited for the systematic and quantitative study of the function of virtually any region of cerebral cortex. It may be especially useful for studying human cortical regions that are not well characterized and for verifying the presence of stimulation-evoked percepts that are difficult to objectively confirm.
Occipital epilepsy: spatial categorization and surgical management
Authors: Tandon Nitin , Alexopoulos Andreas V. , Warbel Ann , Najm Imad M. , Bingaman William E. 
Published: December 2008

Object
Occipital resections for epilepsy are rare. Reasons for this are the relative infrequency of occipital epilepsy, difficulty in localizing epilepsy originating in the occipital lobe, imprecisely defined seizure outcome in patients treated with focal occipital resections in the MR imaging era, and concerns about producing visual deficits. The impact of lesion location on vision and seizure biology, the management decision-making process, and the outcomes following resection need elaboration.

Methods
The authors studied 21 consecutive patients who underwent focal occipital resections for epilepsy at Cleveland Clinic Epilepsy Center over a 13-year period during which MR imaging was used. Demographics, imaging, and data relating to the epilepsy and its surgical management were collected. The collateral sulcus, the border between the medial surface and the lateral convexity, and the inferior temporal sulcus were used to subdivide the occipital lobe into medial, lateral, and basal zones. Lesions that did not involve most or all of the occipital lobe (sublobar) were spatially categorized into these zones. Visual function, semiology, and scalp electroencephalography were evaluated in relation to these spatial categories. Preresection and postresection visual function and seizure frequency were evaluated and compared. Lastly, an exhaustive review and discussion of the published literature on occipital resections for epilepsy was carried out.

Results
Five lesions were lobar and 16 were sublobar. Patients with medial or lobar lesions had a much greater likelihood of preoperative visual field defects. Those with basal or lateral lesions had a greater likelihood of having a visual aura preceding some or all of their seizures and a trend (not significant) toward having a concordant lateralized onset by scalp electroencephalography. Invasive recordings were used in 8 cases. All patients had lesions (malformations of cortical development, tumors, or gliosis) that were completely resected, as evaluated on postoperative MR imaging. At last follow-up, 17 patients (81%) were seizure free or had only occasional auras (Wieser Class 1 or 2). The remaining 4 patients (19%) had a worthwhile improvement in seizure control (Class 3 or 4). Of the patients for whom both pre- and postoperative visual testing data were available, 50% suffered no new visual deficits, and 17% each developed a new quadrantanopia or a hemianopia.

Conclusions
Lesional occipital lobe epilepsy can be successfully managed with resection to obtain excellent seizure-free rates. Individually tailored resections (in lateral occipital lesions, for example) may help preserve intact vision in a subset of cases (38% in this series). Invasive recordings may further guide surgical decision-making as delineated by an algorithm generated by the authors. The authors' results suggest that the spatial location of the lesion correlates both with the semiology of the seizure and with the presence of visual deficit.
Reconstructive endovascular treatment of ruptured blood blister–like aneurysms of the internal carotid artery
Authors: Lee Byung-Hee , Kim Byung Moon , Park Moon Sun , Park Sung Il , Chung Eun Chul , Suh Sang Hyun , Choi Chun Sik , Won Yu Sam , Yu In Kyu 
Published: December 2008

Object
Ruptured blood blister–like aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are rare but carry a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, BBAs are very difficult to treat surgically as well as endovascularly. The authors present their experience in treating BBAs with reconstructive endovascular methods.

Methods
Nine ruptured BBAs in 9 consecutive patients (2 men and 7 women; mean age 50 years, range 42–57 years) were treated using reconstructive endovascular methods between January 2006 and November 2007. Treatment methods and angiographic and clinical outcomes were retrospectively evaluated.

Results
All 9 BBAs were initially treated with stent-assisted coil (SAC) embolization. This was followed by a second stent insertion using the stent-within-a-stent (SWS) technique in 3, covered stent placement in 3, and SAC embolization alone in 3. All 3 patients who underwent SWS placement had excellent outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale Score 5) with complete angiographic resolution of the BBAs. There were no treatment-related complications in the SWS group. Two of the 3 patients who received covered stents had excellent outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale Score 5) and complete occlusion of the BBA was achieved. The remaining patient who received a covered stent died of ICA rupture during the procedure. Aneurysm regrowth without rebleeding occurred in the 3 patients who underwent SAC embolization. Two of the 3 recurrent BBAs were treated with coil embolization with a second stent insertion, and as a result these belonged to the SWS group. The other recurrent BBA was treated with a covered stent. Of the 8 surviving patients, 5 underwent SWS, and 3 underwent covered stent placement. All surviving patients had excellent outcomes during the clinical follow-up period (mean 11 months, range 4–26 months); complete BBA resolution and smooth reconstruction of the affected ICA segment was shown on follow-up angiography.

Conclusions
In the present study, the SWS and covered-stent techniques effectively prevented rebleeding and regrowth of the BBA without sacrifice of the ICA. The SWS and covered-stent techniques can be considered an alternative treatment option for BBAs in selected patients in whom ICA sacrifice is not feasible. Stent-assisted coiling alone seems insufficient to prevent BBA regrowth.