bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)‐Lactacystin (I).
Authors: Fukuda Nobuhisa , Sasaki Kazuki , Sastry T. V. R. S. , Kanai Motomu , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: June 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electro‐Deoxidation of Solid Chromium Oxide in Molten Chloride Salts
Authors: Gordo Elena , Chen George Z. , Fray Derek J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Chemistry of Phosphinous Amides (Aminophosphanes): Old Reagents with New Applications
Authors: Alajarin Mateo , Lopez‐Leonardo Carmen , Llamas‐Lorente Pilar 
Published: June 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactivity and Biological Activity of the Marine Sesquiterpene Hydroquinone Avarol and Related Compounds from Sponges of the Order Dictyoceratida
Authors: Sladic Dusan , Gasic Miroslav J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselectivity in the Dihydroxylation of Alkenes by Osmium Complexes
Authors: Drudis‐Sole Gali , Ujaque Gregori , Maseras Feliu , Lledos Agusti 
Published: June 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Functional Phytochemicals from Cranberries: Their Mechanism of Action and Strategies to Improve Functionality
Authors: Vattem Dhiraj A. , Shetty Kalidas 
Published: June 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Induction in the Nucleophilic Addition in the Series of Aromatic Azines
Authors: Egorov I. N. , Zyryanov G. V. , Rusinov V. L. , Chupakhin O. N. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dynamic Structural Investigations on the Torpedo Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor by Time‐Resolved Photoaffinity Labeling
Authors: Mourot Alexandre , Grutter Thomas , Goeldner Maurice , Kotzyba‐Hibert Florence 
Published: June 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Autothermal Reforming and Partial Oxidation of Methane in Fluidized Reactor over Highly Dispersed Ni Catalyst Prepared from Ni Complex
Authors: Gao Jing , Hou Zhao‐Yin , Shen Kai , Lou Hui , Fei Jin‐Hua , Zheng Xiao‐Ming 
Published: June 2006

AbstractHighly dispersed Ni catalysts on spherical SiO2 were prepared by simple impregnation of Ni(acac)2, [Ni‐(NH3)6−n(H2O)n]2+, [Ni(en)3]2+ and [Ni(EDTA)]2−. Pulse adsorption of H2 and TEM analysis results confirmed that Ni was dispersed very well on the surface of SiO2 even after calcination (4 h) and reduction (1 h) at high temperature of 800 °C. These highly dispersed and uniquely sized Ni crystallites were more stable and more reactive for both autothermal reforming and partial oxidation of methane in fluidized reactor.
Molecular Modeling on the Recognition of Wobble DNA Including G:T Mismatched Pairs by Two Structures of Chiral Metal Complex Δ, Λ‐[Ru(phen)2hpip]2+
Authors: Zhang Cui‐Ping , Wu Yan‐Bo , Yang Pin 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn this work, the recognition of DNA including G:T mismatched pairs by the two different structures of [Ru(phen)2hpip]2+ was firstly studied with molecular modeling respectively. The results revealed that all of the four chiral isomers of the two structures could recognize the mismatched DNA from the minor groove orientation especially and the interaction was enantioselective and sitespecific. The two left isomers were more preferential than the right ones. Especially, the structure II which had much lower energy after interacting with DNA was the advantaged structure. Detailed energy analysis indicated that the steric interaction in the process of the complex inserting base stack determined the recognition results and the electrostatic interaction made an effect to some extent.
Applying Theoretical Approach for Predicting the Selective Calcium Channel Blockers Pharmacological Parameter by Biopartitioning Micellar Chromatography
Authors: Wang Su‐Min , Yang Geng‐Liang , Li Zhi‐Wei , Liu Hai‐Yan , Xiao Qin 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe usefulness of biopartitioning micellar chromatography (BMC) for predicting oral drug acute toxicity and apparent bioavailability was demonstrated. A logarithmic model (an LD50 model) and the second order polynomial models (apparent bioavailability model) have been obtained using the retention data of the selective calcium channel blockers to predict pharmacological properties of compounds. The use of BMC is simple, reproducible and can provide key information about the acute toxicity and transport properties of new compounds during the drug discovery process.
Structural Effects on the Langmuir Monolayers of Calix[4]arene Induced by Lower Rim Aromatic Substitution
Authors: He Wei‐Jiang , Qiu Lin , Li Jun‐Bai , Zhang Yu , Guo Zi‐Jian , Zhu Long‐Gen 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe Langmuir monolayer properties of lower rim aromatically substituted calix[4]arenes, 5,11,17,23‐tetra‐tert‐butyl‐25,27‐bis(2‐naphth‐1′‐ylacetylaminoethoxy)‐26,28‐dihydroxylcalix[4]arene (BNAEC), 5,11,17,23‐tetra‐tert‐butyl‐25,27‐bis(2‐benzoylamino ethoxy)‐26,28‐dihydroxylcalix[4]arene (BBAEC) and 5,11,17,23‐tetra‐tert‐butyl‐25,27‐bis(2‐cinnamoylaminoethoxy)‐26,28‐dihydroxylcalix[4]arene (BCAEC), have been studied. Film balance measurements and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observation demonstrate that all the compounds can form Langmuir monolayers with different molecular limiting areas. BNAEC or BBAEC monolayer is able to form condensed domains during compression, while BCAEC monolayer can never form condensed domain. BNAEC monolayer is more readily to form condensed domain than BBAEC monolayer. Moreover, BNAEC monolayer can form the total condensed phase during compression even when T=28 °C, while BBAEC monolayer can not when T>10 °C. The results imply that different lower rim aromatic substitutions affect essentially the intermolecular interaction and molecular packing in the monolayer at air/water interface.
Substituent Effect on Proton Affinity of Imidazole in Cu,Zn‐Superoxide Dismutase
Authors: Ji Hong‐Fang , Zhang Hong‐Yu 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTo investigate whether the proton‐accepting ability of imidazole in Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase (SOD) was possibly modulated by Zn(II) or not, the proton affinity (Ap) of N3 in imidazole group was calculated by density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP functional. It was found that Zn(II) attenuates the Ap, because of its electron‐withdrawing effect, while the three ligands connected with Zn(II) (residues of two His and one Asp) exert an opposite effect, owing to their electron‐donating ability. This finding suggested that the three ligands should play a role in the normal function of Cu,Zn‐SOD and should be taken into consideration in the future study.
Conformational Studies of 4‐N‐Carbamoyldeoxycytidine Derivatives and Synthesis and Hybridization Properties of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Incorporating these Modified Bases
Authors: Miyata Kenichi , Kobori Akio , Tamamushi Ryuji , Ohkubo Akihiro , Taguchi Haruhiko , Seio Kohji , Sekine Mitsuo 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDeoxycytidine derivatives modified with various N‐substituted carbamoyl groups at the 4‐amino group were synthesized. The detailed 1H NMR studies suggest that the 3′,5′‐O‐disilylated N‐carbamoyldeoxycytidine derivative 11 exists as a species having an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the N3 atom and the carbonyl oxygen atom in MeOD but upon addition of CDCl3, the amount of a homodimer species, having intermolecular hydrogen bonds, gradually increases. Oligodeoxyribonucleotides incorporating various 4‐N‐carbamoyldeoxycytidine derivatives were also synthesized. These modified oligodeoxynucleotides can hybridize with the complementary strands without disturbing the structure of DNA duplexes, hence changing the orientation of the carbamoyl group in such a manner that a stable Watson–Crick base pair can be formed with the guanine base at the opposite site. It should be noted that the base recognition ability (G against T, C and A) of these modified cytosine bases can be preserved satisfactorily. These results suggest that the 4‐N‐carbamoyl group is useful as a backbone structure of the linker between various functional residues and oligonucleotides. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Predicting the effectiveness of grant‐making
Authors: Harris Ian , Mainelli Michael , Grant Peter , Harrow Jenny 
Published: June 2006

Abstract

Expertise in monitoring and measuring effectiveness in the grant‐funded sector has been developing and improving for several years. However, can grant‐making bodies improve their effectiveness by using predictive techniques to inform their decision‐making? This paper reports work with two UK grant‐making bodies, the government‐funded New Opportunities Fund (now incorporated into the Big Lottery Fund) and the long‐standing independent grant‐maker City Parochial Foundation.
The study used classification and prediction tools based on support vector machine mathematics to undertake predictive analysis of the data, the results of which were then compared with post hoc qualitative review by practitioners in the grant‐making bodies. The study demonstrates statistically significant predictive capability for a New Opportunities Fund (NOF) programme but not for the City Parochial Foundation's grant programme.
These findings reflect significant procedural and cultural differences between the two grant‐makers, although the differing quantities of data available for analysis in each case was also a factor. In particular, the pre‐funding assessment processes and the post‐project evaluation processes are significantly different.
This paper suggests a model for distinguishing between types of grant‐making body and also assesses various procedural and cultural styles amongst grant‐makers. Further, it demonstrates visualization techniques that can be applied alongside predictive tools to help interpret the predictions. The paper indicates that predictive analytics can improve the funding effectiveness of relatively large, structured grant‐making bodies and identifies areas for further research linking grant‐making practice with organizations' strategic decision‐making.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The interaction of technology in entrepreneurial marketing: an illustrative case from a wine merchant
Authors: Quinton Sarah , Harridge‐March Sally 
Published: June 2006

Abstract

Entrepreneurial organizations frequently have difficulty in standing back from the customer interface in order to plan strategically. Managers in such organizations are rarely strategists in the conventional sense but people performing many tasks and preoccupied with the short term and guided by principles of their founders. There are suggestions that management in small entrepreneurial companies is characterized by limited resources and lack of specialist expertise.
The use of technology in marketing for small firms is often fraught with difficulties but the successful marriage of marketing and technology can lead to the development of a more successful business. The development and evolution of technology has provided small firm retailers with opportunities to widen and enhance their distribution and communication methods by developing interactive channels.
Many small firms limit themselves by the way in which they collect data, which requires forward thinking as to the real purpose and value of it and often there is a tendency to under‐utilize the data in order to get meaningful marketing information from it. Understanding and using technology, whether it be data mining or for some other marketing purpose, presents an entrepreneurial organization with an opportunity for differentiation.
This paper focuses on one small business engaged in using technology in the marketing of wine. A principal theme here is to highlight those activities found lacking in a specific case study. A framework is developed which demonstrates the interaction of technology in marketing and incorporates both operational and conceptual elements. The findings illustrate the challenges faced by small organizations with limited resources which are trying to compete in a crowded retail market place.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aircraft routing under the risk of detection
Authors: Zabarankin Michael , Uryasev Stan , Murphey Robert 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe deterministic problem for finding an aircraft's optimal risk trajectory in a threat environment has been formulated. The threat is associated with the risk of aircraft detection by radars or similar sensors. The model considers an aircraft's trajectory in three‐dimensional (3‐D) space and represents the aircraft by a symmetrical ellipsoid with the axis of symmetry directing the trajectory. Analytical and discrete optimization approaches for routing an aircraft with variable radar cross‐section (RCS) subject to a constraint on the trajectory length have been developed. Through techniques of Calculus of Variations, the analytical approach reduces the original risk optimization problem to a vectorial nonlinear differential equation. In the case of a single detecting installation, a solution to this equation is expressed by a quadrature. A network optimization approach reduces the original problem to the Constrained Shortest Path Problem (CSPP) for a 3‐D network. The CSPP has been solved for various ellipsoid shapes and different length constraints in cases with several radars. The impact of ellipsoid shape on the geometry of an optimal trajectory as well as the impact of variable RCS on the performance of a network optimization algorithm have been analyzed and illustrated by several numerical examples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
Adolescents’ as active agents in the socialization process: Legitimacy of parental authority and obligation to obey as predictors of obedience☆
Authors: Darling Nancy , Cumsille Patricio , Martínez M. Loreto 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAdolescents’ agreement with parental standards and beliefs about the legitimacy of parental authority and their own obligation to obey were used to predict adolescents’ obedience, controlling for parental monitoring, rules, and rule enforcement. Hierarchical linear models were used to predict both between‐adolescent and within‐adolescent, issue‐specific differences in obedience in a sample of 703 Chilean adolescents (M age=15.0 years). Adolescents’ global agreement with parents and global beliefs about their obligation to obey predicted between‐adolescent obedience, controlling for parental monitoring, age, and gender. Adolescents’ issue‐specific agreement, legitimacy beliefs, and obligation to obey predicted issue‐specific obedience, controlling for rules and parents’ reports of rule enforcement. The potential of examining adolescents’ agreement and beliefs about authority as a key link between parenting practices and adolescents’ decisions to obey is discussed.
Primate spermato gene sis: new insights into comparative testicular organisation, spermatogenic efficiency and endocrine control
Authors: Luetjens G. Marc , Weinbauer Gerhard F. , Wistuba Joachim 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACTOwing to the close phylogenetic relationship of Platyrrhini (New World monkeys) and Catarrhini (Old World monkeys) to man, nonhuman primates are often used as models for the study of male reproductive physiology and endocrinology. This review aims at providing new data and insights into comparative primate spermato‐genesis, dealing specifically with quantitative aspects of germinal epithelial organisation and germ cell production, and with the roles of gonadotrophic hormones in this process.Typically, the seminiferous epithelium is composed of specific germ cell associations (spermatogenic stages). In rodents, prosimians and most Catarrhini, tubular cross sections contain a single spermatogenic stage whereas in Platyrrhini, great apes and man multi‐stage tubules are present. Since Platyrrhini represent a more basal type of primate, this spermatogenic feature must have developed convergently. The primate multi‐stage tubular arrangement was previously believed to be associated with low spermatogenic efficiency. However, recent studies using new methodological approaches and comparing primate species from all taxa have revealed that multistage organisation is compatible with highly efficient spermatogenesis. In fact, meta‐analysis demonstrated that the efficiency of spermatogenesis in several nonhuman primate species is comparable to that of rodents which are considered as species with highly efficient germ cell production. The duration of the spermatogenic process was not related to organisation or efficiency of spermatogenesis. Sertoli cell work load was species‐specific but had no impact on germ cell numbers and on the efficiency of spermatogenesis.The gonadotrophic hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) are the primary regulators of primate testicular function. Recent studies revealed that in New World monkeys chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) ‐ the primate pregnancy hormone ‐ regulates testosterone production instead of LH. Receptor studies demonstrated a dual action of the closely related hormones LH and CG in primates. It is hypothesised that following the divergence of the Platyrrhini lineage from Catarrhini, the LH/CG system evolved independently with ancestral functions of the LH/CG system retained in the neotropical taxa.In summary, key spermatogenic features are preserved across all primate taxa whereas male reproductive endocrinology features appear substantially different in the neotropical primates compared to other primate lineages.
Outbreak of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Infection in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Epidemiologically Linked to a Healthcare Worker With Chronic Otitis
Authors: Bertin Mary L. , Vinski Joan , Schmitt Steven , Sabella Camille , Danziger-Isakov Lara , McHugh Michael , Procop Gary W. , Hall Geraldine , Gordon Steven M. , Goldfarb Johanna 
Published: June 2006

Objective.To describe the investigation and interventions necessary to contain an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization and infection in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Design.Retrospective case finding that involved prospective performance of surveillance cultures for detection of MRSA and molecular typing of MRSA by repetitive-sequence polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR).Setting.Level III NICU in a tertiary care center.Participants.Three neonates in a NICU were identified with MRSA bloodstream infection on April 16, 2004. A point prevalence survey identified 6 additional colonized neonates (attack rate, 75% [9 of 12 neonates]). The outbreak strain was phenotypically unusual.Interventions.Cohorting and mupirocin therapy were initiated for neonates who had acquired MRSA during the outbreak. Contact precautions were introduced in the NICU, and healthcare workers (HCWs) were retrained in cleaning and disinfection procedures and hand hygiene. Noncolonized neonates and newly admitted patients had surveillance cultures performed 3 times per week.Results.Two new colonized neonates were identified 1 month later. HCW X, who had worked in the NICU since June 2003, was identified as having chronic otitis. MRSA was isolated from cultures of swab specimens from HCW X's ear canal and nares. HCW X was epidemiologically linked to the outbreak. Molecular typing (by rep-PCR) confirmed that the isolates from HCW X and from the neonates were more than 90% similar. Retrospective review of NICU isolates revealed that the outbreak strain was initially cultured from a neonate 2 months after HCW X began working on the unit. The epidemic strain was eradicated after removing HCW X from patient care in the NICU.Conclusion.An outbreak of MRSA colonization and infection in a NICU was epidemiologically linked to a HCW with chronic otitis externa and nasal colonization with MRSA. Eradication was not achieved until removal of HCW X from the NICU. Routine surveillance for MRSA may have allowed earlier recognition of the outbreak and is now standard practice in our NICU.
Smoking is associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Anan F. , Takahashi N. , Shinohara T. , Nakagawa M. , Masaki T. , Katsuragi I. , Tanaka K. , Kakuma T. , Yonemochi H. , Eshima N. , Saikawa T. , Yoshimatsu H. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground  Smoking and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction are associated with high mortality in type 2 diabetic patients. This study tested the hypothesis that smoking is associated with insulin resistance/hyperinsulinaemia and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients who are not treated with insulin.Materials and methods  The study patients were 22 current smokers with type 2 diabetes mellitus (age: 57 ± 5 years, mean ± SD) and 30 age‐matched never‐smoked patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (control group, 57 ± 8 years). The quality of blood glucose was assessed by fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting immunoreactive insulin (F‐IRI), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The severity of smoking status was expressed by the Brinkman index, which is calculated as number of cigarettes per day multiplied by years of smoking. Cardiovascular autonomic function was assessed by baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), heart‐rate variability, plasma norepinephrine concentration and cardiac 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphic findings.Results  Baroreflex sensitivity was lower in the current smokers group than in the never‐smoked group (P < 0·05). Early and delayed 123I‐MIBG myocardial uptake values were lower (P < 0·05, and P < 0·01, respectively) and the percentage washout‐rate of 123I‐MIBG was higher (P < 0·0001) in the current smokers group than in the never‐smoked group. Fasting immunoreactive insulin (F‐IRI) concentration (P < 0·0001) and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index (P < 0·0001) were higher in the current smokers group than the never‐smoked group. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking was independently predicted by F‐IRI and the percentage washout‐rate of 123I‐MIBG.Conclusions  The results of the study suggested that smoking was associated with cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and hyperinsulinaemia and that F‐IRI and the percentage washout‐rate of 123I‐MIBG were independent predictors of smoking in these Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.