bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equivalences intermodales de la forme des objets entre la vision et le toucher chez les bébés de 2 mois
Authors: Streri Arlette , Milhet Sylvie 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Intermodal transfer in object's shape between vision and touch in 2-month-old infants.
In a previous experiment, we provided evidence that intermodal transfer between touch and vision is possible in 2-month-old babies but only from touch to vision and not from vision to touch. This result does not support the thesis of the newborn's unity of senses. An explanation may be that we have used a difficult procedure for such young babies. In this experiment, an intermodal matching test is used. Tactual field and visual field of the baby are separated by a screen. The baby could explore visually an object and at the same time he touched another object which had the same shape or a different shape. Thirty-six 2-month-old babies took part in this experiment. 24 infants were in an intermodal matching situation and 12 infants in an unimodal perception situation (control group). Babies have avoidance reactions when the two objects are the same shape more often than when the two objects are a different shape but as often as in the unimodal condition. The difference of behaviors provides evidence that babies take in the same information when the object has an identical shape in visual and tactual modalities. Nevertheless, the avoidance reactions are more frequent from touch to vision than from vision to touch. This result confirms the precedent one obtained in intermodal transfer situation and is discussed.
Key words : vision, touch, intermodal.
Résolution des syllogismes catégoriques formels
Authors: Politzer Guy 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Resolution of formal categorial syllogisms.
After a brief reminder of the structure of categorical syllogisms, the main issues involved in their psychological study are discussed. In order to explain performance in classical experiments, it was assumed that reasoning is by-passed by non-logical processes, due to strong material and time constraints. A model, applicable to most subjects on most syllogisms, was developed. This model assumes (i) the operation of four general principles based on well-established facts in the fields of (a) semantics, regarding the status of affirmative and negative categorical sentences and the status of universals and particulars, (b) grammar, regarding the role of subject and predicate, (c) pragmatics, regarding sentence informativeness and rele-vance ; (ii) the operation of two elementary principles of premise combination ; (iii) that the individual's logical treatment is limited to detecting internal contradictions and tautologies within sentences and incompatibility between sentences. An experiment is reported that supports many of the predictions derived from the model. All the phenomena known in the literature on syllogistic reasoning with formal material are explanable by the model.
Key words : reasoning, deduction, syllogism.
La théorie de la détection du signal et le traitement de stimuli nociceptifs
Authors: Vause Mireille , Costermans J. , Janne Pascal 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Signal Detection Theory and the perception of pain.
This paper reviews experiments on the perception of pain using the framework of Signal Detection Theory. This model allows us to determine whether or not a modification of the limits of pain perception is attributable to a modification of the receptors' sensitivity, or to a shift of the decision criterion according to which a sensation is categorized as painful or not painful.
Few factors seem to affect sensitivity to pain. Some appear to reduce it : antalgic substances, of course, but also chronic pain, depression, or momentary physical stress ; in contrast, taking drugs like cannabis seems to enhance receptivity to pain. More factors were observed to affect the decision criterion. Among those which reduce the tendency to interpret the sensations as painful, one finds some placebos, verbal suggestions, acupuncture, chronic pain, depression ; among those which have the opposite effect, one finds cannabis, anxiety, and fear.
Key-words : perception of pain, signal detection theory.
Les problèmes rencontrés par des adultes de bas niveau de qualification pour lire et exécuter des figures planes et des dessins en perspective
Authors: Baldy René , Chatillon Jean-Francisque , Cadopi Marielle , Gausserand Véronique 
Published: November 2007

Les problèmes que rencontrent les sujets, et notamment les sujets dits de bas niveau de qualification, pour lire et exécuter des dessins constituent une source de blocage dans de nombreux domaines. Proviennent-ils spécifiquement du traitement des rapports projectifs (perspective, point de vue...), ou d'un déficit dans la représentation de Vespace graphique en général ? Le travail présenté tente d'apporter des éléments de réponse à cette question. Nous comparons les performances obtenues par un groupe de sujets dans deux tâches de dessins : la première consiste à reproduire une figure géométrique plane, la seconde consiste à reproduire un dessin en perspective. On observe que le dessin en perspective est généralement moins bien réussi que la figure géométrique. Les procédés d'exécution sont analysés de manière à interpréter les différences entre les dessins de copie et de mémoire et entre figure plane et dessin en perspective.
Mots clés : représentation de l'espace, figure géométrique, dessin en perspective, adulte.
Perception analytique et globale
Authors: Berger Carole 
Published: November 2007

Les aspects holistiques ou analytiques de la perception sont actuellement discutés en référence soit à la structure de l'objet perçu, soit à la nature du traitement effectué. L'approche structurale évoquée ici repose sur une distinction entre deux types de dimensions (Garner, 1974). Les unes, dites intégrales (saturation et brillance par exemple), sont considérées comme étant perçues de façon unitaire ou globale. Les autres, dites séparables (taille et brillance par exemple), sont considérées comme étant perçues isolément, de façon indépendante. Cependant, l'approche fonctionnelle remet en cause cette opposition entre dimensions intégrales et séparables : elle montre en particulier que le traitement des dimensions considérées comme séparables chez l'adulte est d'abord holistique chez le jeune enfant (traitement organisé par des règles de similarité globale) et ne relève de règles dimensionnelles que plus tard au cours du développement. Plusieurs modèles théoriques permettent actuellement d'interpréter la nature de ce changement.
Mots clés : dimensions intégrales/séparables, traitement dimensionnel/ global, classification libre, classification rapide imposée, catégorisation, développement perceptif.
Le concept de coping
Authors: Paulhan Isabelle 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Tout au long de sa vie, l'individu est confronté à une succession d'événements mineurs ou majeurs : naissance d'un enfant, changement d'emploi, maladies, blessures graves, deuil, etc. Ces expériences peuvent être perçues comme menaçantes par l'individu, induire des perturbations émotionnelles et avoir à long terme des effets néfastes sur la santé physique et psychique. L'individu ne reste pas habituellement passif par rapport à ce qui lui arrive : il essaie de faire face. On parle de coping pour désigner la façon de s'ajuster aux situations difficiles. Dans cet article, nous présenterons : l'origine et l'évolution du concept de coping, le concept de coping et la théorie cognitive du stress, la classification des différentes stratégies de coping, et l'efficacité de ces stratégies dans l'ajustement aux événements stressants.
Mots clés : coping, stress, ajustement.
Le traitement de l'information ordinale : une étape nécessaire de l'apprentissage de la lecture
Authors: Magnan Annie 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Order of letters in a word : A necessary stage for learning to read.
In this experiment we compare good and poor readers's performance (400 subjects) in a task of word composition with series of letters in disorder. Two conditions are tested : The word's picture is or is not presented. These results show that :
— good readers's performance is better whatever theexperimental condition;
— poor readers, unlike good readers do not improve their performance when the picture is presented
It seems that poor readers do not use semantic and phonological information ; they cannot coordinate information provided by the situation.
The results raise a basic question : Is it possible to interpret the answers given by the children from a developmental perspective ? In other words, what is the link between the development of linguistic competence and general cognitive development ? The ability to arrange the letters in a word would not depend on a specific skill, but would depend on an active process of reconstruction linked to the child's general cognitive development.
Key-words : reading, order of letters, semantic information, phonological information.
Contrôle d'un pointage avec souris informatique et codage spatial
Authors: Baccino Thierry 
Published: November 2007

Summary: Mouse pointing control and spatial coding
Two kind of cues have been used in studies on spatial coding in reading: Eye movements and decision times recorded during sentences reading. Therefore, it has been suggested that spatial coding occurs on a one-dimensional axis (for sentences). The aim of this article is two-fold: To show that spatial coding does exist in a bi-dimensional space (for a text) and to discover the token ofthat coding (wordform or word meaning). We analyzed several variables from a mouse pointing task which show spatial coding at a text level and suggest that words are coded independently of their semantic representation.
Key words: spatial coding, mouse control, reading on screen, pointing task.
Accès au lexique et production de la parole: un survol
Authors: Ferrand Ludovic 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Lexical access in speech production : A briefreview.
This article provides a brief review of experimental and speech error data (in normal subjects and aphasic patients) concerned with lexical access in speech production. We start from the old distinction between two major processes involved in speech production, namely, lexical selection ofthe appropriate word from thousands of alternatives in the mental lexicon and phonological encoding of the corresponding word in order to compute its articulatory program. Then, we review data tracing the time-course of semantic and phonological activation, contrasting by the way two major and opposite conceptions of lexical access in speech production. The jirst view, called the two discrete stages theory is a modular view: there is no phonological encoding before lexical selection. The second view is a connectionist one: there is continuing interaction between the two processes. Finally, a reconciliation of modular and interactive accounts is proposed.
Key words: speech production, modularity and connectionism, lexical access.
Qui était Victor Henri (1872-1940) ?
Authors: Nicolas Serge 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Who was Victor Henri (1872-1940) ?
Victor Henri (1872-1940) was Binet's first collaborator. This article contains a short biography and a presentation ofthe work in psychology of this surprising person forgotten by history. Beginning his scientific studies at the Sorbonne, he met Théodule Ribot, and then Alfred Binet. In 1892, he began experimental work in psychology in the laboratory of physiological Psychology at the Sorbonne. Working with Binet at first in the fields of memory and suggestibility, he then chose a new subject of research : the localisation of tactual sensations. From October 1894 to March 1896, he went to Leipzig to work at Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory in order to continue his work on the tactile sense. In April 1896, he joined Georg Elias Müller's laboratory in Goettingen and submitted a thesis under his direction on this same theme, 5 June 1897. During this long period of time in Germany, Victor Henri was in contact with Binet and even became associated with the program of individual psychology brought into operation by the latter. However, in a very short space of time, Henri deserted psychology integrating in 1898 the physiological laboratory direc- ted by Dastre (1844-1916) in the Sorbonne. Under his direction he submitted a thesis in physico-chemistry (on the 20 February, 1903) before continuing an international scientific career in this field.
Key words : Henri, Binet, history of psychology.
La compréhension des expressions idiomatiques
Authors: Marquer Pierre 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Cette revue retrace l'évolution des recherches psycholinguistiques consacrées à la compréhension des expressions idiomatiques (EI). Les premières recherches se sont centrées sur les relations entre les interprétations littérale et idiomatique, dans le cadre de modèles apparemment opposés comme l'hypothèse d'une liste séparée d'EI, l'hypothèse de représentation lexicale, ou encore l'hypothèse d'accès direct, mais ce n'est que récemment que l'utilisation de tâches « on-line » a commencé à fournir quelques informations sur l'évolution dans le temps du traitement des EI. Les résultats en apparence contradictoires des premières études ont conduit à examiner le rôle des caractéristiques qui différencient les EI : prédictibilité, polysémie, familiarité de l'expression, familiarité relative de ses interprétations, transparence, flexibilité syntaxique et lexicale. Les effets de ces derniers facteurs confortent l'hypothèse selon laquelle, contrairement à la définition traditionnelle, les El peuvent être décomposées et traitées de la même manière que les énoncés littéraux non idiomatiques. Dans ces conditions, l'interprétation des EI, qui ne sont plus considérées comme des métaphores figées, peut impliquer la mise en œuvre de métaphores liées au même champ sémantique.
Mots-clés : accès au lexique, compréhension des expressions idiomatiques, désambiguïsation.
Evolution temporelle d'un amorçage hémisphérique dans une situation double-tâche
Authors: Sockeel P. 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Temporal evolution of hemispheric priming in a dual-task situation.
The heuristic importance of dual-task paradigms is easily demonstrated in the field of hemispheric asymmetries. Dual-task paradigms have contributed to the evolution of static and dynamic models, particularly by taking into account contextual aspects as potential determinants of lateral effects. In this research area, the concept of priming refers to the processes by which an hemisphere is activated prior to the carrying out of a task. This priming effect can be forced by the execution of a secondary lateralized task. We developed a situation in which the main task was a divided-visual-field tachistoscopic matching test. According to a random-controlled situation, subjects were instructed to say whether the two stimuli were « the same » or « different » before, concurrently or after (with an inter-task interval of 1,5, 2,5 or 4 seconds) an activating task. For this latter task, the subjects were asked to beat a complex rhythm by hitting in a loop on a sensitive board. As expected, the results showed a significant increase in the number of correct responses in the activated hemisphere. Moreover, an optimum was found when the task was performed concurrently or with an interval of 1,5 second after the end of the priming task. The priming process seems to be a temporal function characterized by an immediate increase and by a later and progressive decrease in the resources of the hemisphere involved. These hemisphere-specific activation paradigms are mainly used to produce an inter-hemispheric imbalance in normal or pathological subjects. Through an inter-hemispheric imbalance it is possible to access details of hemispheric co-operation for information processing or to induce new cognitive capacities in a non-damaged hemisphere. Our results suggest the importance of optimizing these paradigms by taking into account the temporal evolution of the brain activation.
Key words : hemispheric priming, brain activation, dual-task paradigms.
Les styles d'apprentissage : des concepts aux mesures
Authors: Olry-Louis I. 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Learning styles : From concepts to measurement.
This article surveys the main models relating to learning styles, as well as the evaluation instruments to which these models have given rise, using the approach of a critical review. A number of criteria can be used to place models in relation to each other. In particular, models can be compared on the number and type of dimensions used, the descriptive or normative nature of the model, and the degree to which an interactional perspective is used. A study of measurement instruments considers the data recording method used and summarises the main results available regarding validation.
In conclusion, a number of questions are raised concerning the diversity of measurement instruments and their overlap with other tools. Finally, from a practical perspective the use of learning style instruments is discussed and from a conceptual perspective a restructuration of the diversity of styles is proposed.
Key words : learning styles, cognitive styles, behaviour styles, validation of questionnaires.
Le traitement holistique peut-il guider le traitement analytique dans la catégorisation de visage?
Authors: Lautrey Jacques , Bonthoux Françoise , Pacteau Chantal 
Published: November 2007

Summary: Can holistic processing guide analytic processing for face categorization.
This paper presents a «pluralistic » approach to cognitive functioning and reports an experiment designed to test it. This approach is called «pluralistic» because it assumes that, in most of situations, subjects have at their disposal several processes likely to fill the same function, and that simultaneous or successive activation of these different processes in the course of problem solving may boost a self-organizing dynamic.
A face categorization task, which can be solved either by an holistic processing mode or by an analytic processing mode, is used to test these assumptions. The specific hypothesis which is tested is that holistic processing may play a guiding role for subsequent analytic processing. More precisely, it is expected that subjects having used an holistic mode of processing in the category learning phase of the experiment, will discover more rapidly the rule in a subsequent phase of concept discovery. The results do not confirm this hypothesis. Our interpretation suggests that this kind of experiment has to be conducted again with other stimuli than faces (for which the holistic mode of processing seems special) and with some modifications in the concept discovery phase.
Key words : face categorization, holistic processing, analytic processing, individual differences, category learning.
La compréhension asyntaxique dans tous ses états. Des représentations linguistiques aux ressources cognitives
Authors: Rigalleau François , Nespoulous Jean-Luc , Gaonac'h Daniel 
Published: November 2007

Summary: What to do with the various aspects of asyntactic comprehension ? From linguistic representations to cognitive resources.
Asyntactic comprehension is a sentence comprehension disorder presented by some brain damaged patients. This trouble is characterized by a selective processing deficit of grammatical information. This review paper discusses the relations between three types of theories explaining asyntactic comprehension. Structural theories define the elements of linguistic representations that are not established in asyntactic comprehenders : these theories suggest a very specific deficit involving some syntactic elements (traces). Procedural theories define the psycholinguistic processes that are deficient in the patients : asyntactic comprehenders should have a deficit of the automatic processing of morphosyntactic information. Resource theories explain the comprehension deficit by a limitation of working memory resources that could result in a slow-down of activation and/or a speed-up of the decline of linguistic information : these theories are appropriate to explain the rapid decline of syntactic information in asyntactic comprehenders. These three theories are not incompatible : structural theories define the linguistic elements that require a rapid processing, and that are especially costly in working memory resources if this rapid processing is deficient. However, the results in favor of these theories should be taken with caution : for experiments, asyntactic comprehenders are often selected according to their expressive disorder (agrammatism). Some case studies suggest a dissociation between agrammatism and asyntactic comprehension.
Key words : asyntactic comprehension, syntactic traces, cognitive resources.
Image globale du résultat et difficulté à sérier des longueurs chez des enfants de 6 à 12 ans
Authors: Devichi Claude , Chatillon Jean-Francisque , Baldy René 
Published: November 2007

Summary: Global image of the result and difficulty in solving a length seriation task for 6- to 12-year-old children.
This research examined the role a global image of the result has in length seriation problem solving. The first experiment showed that when subjects could not take advantage of the figural help provided by this image, the degree of task difficulty increased. The subjects did not succeed in changing their way of solving the problem (until 12). The control made in the second experiment helped partially the subjects (especially the oldest) to put their representation back in conformity with the task and to improve their performance.
Key words : cognition, representation, image, seriation.
Normes d'associations verbales pour 366 noms d'objets concrets
Authors: Ferrand Ludovic , Alario F.-X. 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Word association normsfor 366 names of objects
This paper presents a database of word association norms developed for experimental research in psycholinguistics. It contains free association norms for over 300 words in the French language, collected from a group of 89 French speakers, between the ages of 18 and 25. These norms will be of use to researchers and students in many fields of psychology, especially in the study of language and memory, where the degree of association between pairs of words is often an important experimental variable. This is the first large scale collection of French norms to be published. The main part of the article contains an alphabetic list of all associative responses and their frequency for each of the 366 stimulus words.
Key words : word association norms.
Encodage phonologique et production de la parole
Authors: Ferrand Ludovic 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Phonological encoding in speech production.
This paper begins with a presentation of Levelt and Wheeldon's (1994) model of phonological encoding in language production. Then, the methods used to study this process are presented. In a third part, data on phonological encoding, including speech errors, the tip of the tongue phenomenon, reaction times studies and neuropsychological studies are reviewed. Finally, evidence for the syllable's role as a unit of speech production is presented. A mixed representation of the syllable in which syllables are both chunks and schemas is suggested.
Key words : phonological encoding, speech planning, syllable.