bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High resolution microscopic survey of third metacarpal articular calcified cartilage and subchondral bone in the juvenile horse: Possible implications in chondro‐osseous disease
Authors: Boyde Alan , Firth Elwyn C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe aim was to survey articular calcified cartilage (ACC) and subchondral bone in the palmar and dorsal regions of the condyles of the third metacarpal bone (Mc3) of young horses with minimal or no signs of musculo‐skeletal abnormality. Back‐scattered electron scanning electron microscopy (BSE SEM) was conducted on polymethyl methacrylate‐embedded mediolateral slices and macerated wedges of the right distal Mc3 from seven each of trained and untrained 2‐year‐old Thoroughbred horses. Furrows or grooves visible to the naked eye in the mineralizing front (MF) of ACC are the commonest “lesion” and are most common in the palmar portions of the medial and lateral condylar grooves. Cracks running predominantly in the parasagittal plane that infill with hypercalcified matrix are found in the same domain. Common to all these defects are deficiencies or absence of the ACC MF. Other anomalies include local excrescences or depressed areas of the MF. More important condylar lesions show displaced fragmented hypermineralized ACC with underlying excess resorption in the bone domain, leaving a thin ACC layer with cavernous space beneath it. The fragments may dislodge and displace to the joint space. Obvious although small lesions are present in horses that have undertaken little or no training. The nature and sites of the lesions indicate that they are possibly the earliest morphological evidence of changes that may lead to specific joint abnormalities. The lesions appear unlikely to be solely due to functional traumatic forces, and developmental influences are likely to be important in their initiation. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New method to determine the total carbonyl functional group content in extractable particulate organic matter by tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Dron J. , Zheng W. , Marchand N. , Wortham H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA functional group analysis method was developed to determine the quantitative content of carbonyl functional groups in atmospheric particulate organic matter (POM) using constant neutral loss scanning–tandem mass spectrometry (CNLS–MS/MS). The neutral loss method consists in monitoring the loss of a neutral fragment produced by the fragmentation of a precursor ion in a collision cell. The only ions detected are the daughter ions resulting from the loss of the neutral fragment under study. Then, scanning the loss of a neutral fragment characteristic of a functional group enables the selective detection of the compounds bearing the chemical function under study within a complex mixture. The selective detection of carbonyl functional groups was achieved after derivatization with pentafluorophenylhydrazine (PFPH) by monitoring the neutral loss of C6F5N (181 amu), which was characteristic of a large panel of derivatized carbonyl compounds. The method was tested on 25 reference mixtures of different composition, all containing 24 carbonyl compounds at randomly determined concentrations. The repeatability and calibration tests were satisfying as they resulted in a relative standard deviation below 5% and a linear range between 0.01 and 0.65 mM with a calculated detection limit of 0.0035 mM. Also, the relative deviation induced by changing the composition of the mixture while keeping the total concentration of carbonyl functional groups constant was less than 20%. These reliability experiments demonstrate the high robustness of the developed procedure for accurate carbonyl functional group measurement, which was applied to atmospheric POM samples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of three pairs of Boc‐β,γ‐ and γ,β‐hybrid peptides by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ramesh V. , Srinivas R. , Sharma G. V. M. , Jayaprakash P. , Kunwar A. C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA new series of Boc‐N‐β3, γ4‐/γ4, β3‐isomeric hybrid peptides (containing repeats of β3‐Caa and γ4‐Caa's, Caa = C‐linked carbo β3‐/γ4‐amino acids derived from D‐xylose) have been differentiated by both positive and negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI) ion‐trap and high resolution quadrupole time‐of‐flight/tandem mass spectrometry (Q‐TOF MS/MS). MSn of protonated isomeric peptides and [M + H − Boc + H]+ produce characteristic fragmentation involving the peptide backbone, the Boc‐group, and the side chain. The positional isomers are differentiated from one another by the presence of yn+, bn+, and other fragment ions of different m/z values. It is observed that the peptides with β‐Caa at the N‐terminus produce extensive fragmentation, whereas γ‐Caa gave rise to much less fragmentation. Peptides with γ‐Caa at the N‐terminus lose NH3, whereas this process is absent for the carbopeptides with β‐Caa at the N‐terminus. Two pairs of dipeptide diastereomers are clearly differentiated by the collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of their protonated molecules. The loss of 2‐methylprop‐1‐ene is more pronounced for Boc‐NH‐(R)‐β‐Caa‐(R)‐γ‐Caa‐OCH3 (6) and Boc‐NH‐(R)‐γ‐Caa‐(R)‐β‐Caa‐OCH3 (12), whereas it is insignificant or totally absent for its protonated diastereomeric pair Boc‐NH‐(S)‐β‐Caa‐(S)‐γ‐Caa‐OCH3 (1) and Boc‐NH‐(S)‐γ‐Caa‐(S)‐β‐Caa‐OCH3 (7). Further, ESI negative ion tandem mass spectrometry has also been found to be useful for differentiating these isomeric peptide acids. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can electrospray ionization help the characterization of iron gall inks? Investigation on the interactions of gallic acid with iron ions in aqueous solutions
Authors: Lutui Marie‐Anne , Gilard Françoise , Sablier Michel 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn the present work, an investigation has been conducted by electrospray ionization (ESI) experiments to characterize the structures of iron gall ink complexes in solution. Simple mono and polyphenolic acid molecules added to iron sulfate salts were chosen to model the recipes of ink composition. Theoretical calculations have been used (1) to determine the stability of the ionic complexes generated in the gas phase, (2) to explain which structures are more likely generated in the electrospray ion source, and (3) to determine which mechanisms are likely involved in their formation. Fragmentation pathways of the derived structures have also been investigated and rationalized to facilitate the interpretation of the data obtained under collisionally induced dissociation (CID) conditions.The present study confirms the assumption that ESI experiments with ions that are preformed in solution must be considered carefully. As a matter of fact, the study of ion formation mechanisms in the ion source is necessary to establish relationships between the ion structures in the condensed phase and the gas phase. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward a strategic framework of mobile knowledge management
Authors: Zhang Zuopeng (Justin) , Jasimuddin Sajjad M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOrganizations are challenged to seek efficient and effective ways of implementing knowledge management strategies in an increasingly mobile environment. Building upon ourCLIC(conservation, leverage, integration, and combination) framework of mobile knowledge management (mKM) strategies, we investigate the implementation of mKM strategies from a system perspective. An attempt is also made to formulate a decision table based upon three dimensions of knowledge properties (tacitness, location, and mobility) and then the best knowledge management strategy under each scenario is proposed. Finally, different types of hierarchies of mKM systems are identified and the selection of an appropriate hierarchy for different types of companies is elaborated. The paper provides a solid foundation for future research in mKM as well as a valuable guidance for practical managers to strategically manage mobile knowledge assets. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is the relatively low intake of omega‐3 fatty acids in Western diet contributing to the obesity epidemics?
Authors: Strandvik Birgitta , Eriksson Susanne , Garemo Malin , Palsdottir Vilborg , Sampels Sabine , Pickova Jana 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAlongside the increase of overweight and obesity in the world there is the avoidance of saturated fat and an increased dietary use of vegetable oils rich in omega‐6 fatty acids. These changes result in a marked increase of the omega‐6/omega‐3 ratio and there is increasing evidence that this changed balance is related to lifestyle diseases. There are also indications that this balance between fatty acids may be involved in epigenetics, i. e. that it influences metabolic pathways during intra‐uterine or early life which cause diseases later in life. Such processes would be a possible explanation for the epidemic outburst of obesity during the latest decades.
Tomatoes and prostate health
Authors: Stanley John C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractProstate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and benign prostate hyperplasia is an increasingly common condition. There is evidence that the consumption of tomatoes and tomato based foods is associated with a reduced risk of developing prostate cancer. While the effects of tomatoes and tomato based foods are frequently explained in terms of their lycopene content other components of tomatoes may play a role. A recent highly critical review of the evidence by the FDA concluded that there was no credible evidence linking lycopene consumption to prostate cancer risk and only limited evidence linking tomato consumption to prostate cancer risk. However, the ability of the prostate to concentrate lycopene suggests a special relationship between the health of this tissue and tomato consumption. More research is needed in this area particularly on benign prostate hyperplasia.
Glycidyl‐Methacrylate‐Based Electrospun Mats and Catalytic Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Demir Mustafa M. , Uğur Gökçe , Gülgün Mehmet Ali , Menceloğlu Yusuf Z. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractP(AN‐GMA) and PGMA fibers coated with monodisperse silver nanoparticles have been prepared by a combination of electrospinning and electroless plating. The morphology of the electrospun fibers remains unchanged after surface hydrazination. Oxidation of hydrazine in an ammoniacal solution of AgNO3 reduces and deposits silver atoms along the fiber surface, which then coalesce to Ag particles. The size of the silver nanoparticles is varied between 20–60 nm. Since the density of the active sites for silver reduction is lower in P(AN‐GMA), a smaller particle size could be obtained. The catalytic activity of the silver nanoparticles has been confirmed.magnified image
Electron ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry: Historical review and current applications
Authors: Mirsaleh‐Kohan Nasrin , Robertson Wesley D. , Compton Robert N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis review presents an overview of electron ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy (EITOFMS), beginning with its early development to the employment of modern high‐resolution electron ionization sources. The EITOFMS is demonstrated to be ideally suited for analytical and basic chemical physics studies. Studies of the formation of positive ions by electron ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy have been responsible for many of the known ionization potentials of molecules and radicals, as well as accepted bond dissociation energies for ions and neutral molecules. The application of TOFMS has been particularly important in the area of negative ion physics and chemistry. A wide variety of negative ion properties have been discovered and studied by using these methods including: autodetachment lifetimes, metastable dissociation, Rydberg electron transfer reactions and field detachment, SF6 Scavenger method for detecting temporary negative ion states, and many others. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 27: 237–285, 2008
Binding of heterocyclic aromatic amines by lactic acid bacteria: Results of a comprehensive screening trial
Authors: Stidl Reinhard , Sontag Gerhard , Koller Verena , Knasmüller Siegfried 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAim of the present study was a comprehensive investigation of the detoxification capacities of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) towards heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCA) formed during cooking of meat. It has been postulated that LAB prevent genotoxic and/or carcinogenic effects of HCA in laboratory rodents and humans via direct binding mechanisms. We measured the removal of the most abundant cooked food mutagens (AαC, PhIP, IQ, MeIQx, DiMeIQx) by eight LAB species. From each species, twelve strains were tested in liquid binding experiments with HPLC coupled with coulometric electrode array detection. The highest removal rates were observed with the representatives of the L. helveticus and S. thermophilus groups, which were seven to eight times more effective than L. kefir and L. plantarum. Strong and statistically significant differences were seen in the binding behaviour of the individual amines, the ranking order of detoxification being AαC > DiMeIQx > MeIQx > IQ > PhIP. Results of Salmonella/microsome assays with strain TA98 showed that the binding of AαC and PhIP to LAB correlates with the reduction of their mutagenic activities. This study may contribute to the development of strategies concerning the adverse health effects of HCA utilizing highly protective LAB for the production of fermented foods.
A study on the use of empirical models to predict the formation of acrylamide in potato crisps
Authors: Knol Jeroen J. , Viklund Gunilla Å. I. , Linssen Jozef P. H. , Sjöholm Ingegerd M. , Skog Kerstin I. , van Boekel Martinus A. J. S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe formation of acrylamide in potato crisps was fitted by empirical mathematical models. Potato slices were fried under the same experimental conditions for different times. Besides the content of precursors in the raw potato slices, acrylamide and water content in the potato crisps were quantified after predetermined times (2–6 min). The temperature developments in the surrounding oil and outer cell layer of the potato slices were monitored, giving more insight in the frying process and making future comparisons between studies possible. The pattern found for the formation of acrylamide, which was similar to earlier studies, was fitted to three empirical models. Statistical methods were used to compare the performance of the models, with the “Logistic‐Exponential” and “Empirical” model performing equally well. The obtained model parameters were in the range of earlier reported studies, although this comparison is not unequivocal as the experimental conditions differed between studies. The precision of parameter estimates was problematic; this should be improved by better experimental design. Nevertheless, the approach of this study will make it possible to truly compare acrylamide formation patterns and model parameters in the future, with the ability to develop a tool to predict acrylamide formation in potato crisps.
Approximation capability of a bilinear immersed finite element space
Authors: He Xiaoming , Lin Tao , Lin Yanping 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article discusses a bilinear immersed finite element (IFE) space for solving second‐order elliptic boundary value problems with discontinuous coefficients (interface problem). This is a nonconforming finite element space and its partition can be independent of the interface. The error estimates for the interpolation of a Sobolev function indicate that this IFE space has the usual approximation capability expected from bilinear polynomials. Numerical examples of the related finite element method are provided. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2008
Somnolence effects of antipsychotic medications and the risk of unintentional injury
Authors: Said Qayyim , Gutterman Elane M. , Kim Myoung S. , Firth Sean D. , Whitehead Richard , Brixner Diana 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPurposeThis study examined the relationship between antipsychotic medications, categorized by published somnolence effects, and unintentional injury (UI).MethodsThe study population included patients of 18–64 years of age in a healthcare insurance database with claims from 2001 to 2004 and diagnoses of schizophrenia or affective disorder. A nested case‐control design was used with cases defined by an E‐code claim (a specified external cause of injury) for selected UIs. For cases, the index date referred to the first injury. For controls, the “control index date” was the date of claim if there was only a single medical claim; for patients with ≥2 claims, one was selected at random as the “control index date.” Both groups had a prescription for a first‐generation antipsychotic (FGA) or second‐generation antipsychotic (SGA) overlapping the index date. Potential somnolence effects were defined as: low (referent) – aripiprazole/ziprasidone; medium – risperidone; high – olanzapine/quetiapine: or any single FGA. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for UI, adjusted for gender, age, concomitant drug, and psychiatric diagnosis.ResultsAmong 648 cases and 5214 controls, high‐somnolence SGAs were associated with an OR of 1.41 95%CI (1.03–1.93) for risk of UI, while medium‐somnolence SGAs, and FGAs had ORs of 1.17 95%CI (0.83–1.64) and 1.17 95%CI (0.79–1.74), respectively. When quetiapine and olanzapine were disaggregated, ORs were 1.61 95%CI (1.15–2.25) and 1.25 95%CI (0.89–1.74), respectively.ConclusionsHigh‐somnolence SGAs may lead to UI among patients. When prescribing antipsychotics, clinicians should consider potential somnolence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure‐based prediction of transcription factor binding sites using a protein‐DNA docking approach
Authors: Liu Zhijie , Guo Jun‐Tao , Li Ting , Xu Ying 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAccurate identification of transcription factor binding sites is critical to our understanding of transcriptional regulatory networks. To overcome the issue of high false‐positive predictions that trouble the sequence‐based prediction techniques, we have developed a structure‐based prediction method that takes into consideration of interactions between the amino acids of a transcription factor and the nucleotides of its DNA binding sequence at structural level, along with an efficient protein‐DNA docking algorithm. The docked structures between a protein and a DNA are evaluated using a knowledge‐based energy function, in conjunction with van der Waals energy. Our docking algorithm supports quasi‐flexible docking, overcoming a number of limiting issues faced by similar docking algorithms. Our rigid‐body docking algorithm is tested on a dataset of 141 nonredundant transcription factor‐DNA complex structures. The test results show that 63.1% of the 141 complex structures are reconstructed with accuracies better than 1.0 Å RMSDs (root mean square deviation) and 79.4% of the complexes are predicted with accuracies better than 3.0 Å RMSDs when using the native DNA structures. Our quasi‐flexible docking algorithm, assuming that the DNA structures are not known, is tested on a separate set of 45 transcription factor‐DNA complexes, of which 57.8% of the docked complex conformations achieve better than 1.0 Å RMSDs while 71.1% of the complexes have RMSDs less than 3.0 Å. We have also applied our method to predict the binding motifs of the ferric uptake regulator in E. coli and showed that most of the experimentally identified sites can be predicted accurately. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of proteins interacting with protein arginine methyltransferase 8: The Ewing sarcoma (EWS) protein binds independent of its methylation state
Authors: Pahlich Steffen , Zakaryan Rouzanna P. , Gehring Heinz 
Published: March 2008

AbstractProtein arginine methylation is a eukaryotic posttranslational modification that plays a role in transcription, mRNA splicing and transport, in protein–protein interaction, and cell signaling. The type I protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) 8 is the only member of the human PRMT family that is localized at the cell membrane and its endogenous substrates have remained unknown as yet. Although PRMT8 was supposed to be expressed only in brain tissue, its presence in HEK 293 (T) cells could be demonstrated. We identified more than 20 PRMT8‐binding partners in pull‐down experiments using recombinant PRMT8 as bait followed by mass spectrometric identification of the bound proteins. Among the extracted proteins were several heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP), RNA‐helicases (DEAD box proteins), the TET‐family proteins TLS, Ewing's sarcoma (EWS), and TAFII68, and caprin, which all contain RGG methylation motifs and are potential substrates of PRMT8. Additionally, actin, tubulin, and heat shock proteins belong to the identified proteins. The interaction between PRMT8 and the EWS protein was characterized in more detail. Although binding of endogenous and recombinant EWS protein to PRMT8 as well as colocalization in HEK cells was observed, in vitro methylation assays revealed a rather poor methyltransferase activity of PRMT8 towards the EWS protein and a synthetic RGG‐rich reference peptide (Km, 1.3 μM; kcat/Km, 2.8 × 10−4 μM−1 s−1) in comparison to PRMT1 (Km, 0.8 μM; kcat/Km, 8.1 × 10−3 μM−1 s−1). In contrast, substrate proteins within a cell extract could be methylated by PRMT8 as efficient as by PRMT1. The main interaction site of the EWS protein with PRMT8 was determined to be the C‐terminal RGG box 3. Remarkably, complete methylation of the EWS protein did not abrogate the binding to PRMT8, pointing to an adapter role of PRMT8 for nuclear proteins at the cell membrane in addition to its methyltransferase activity. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calcineurin B‐like domains in the large regulatory α/β subunits of phosphorylase kinase
Authors: Carrière Cathelène , Mornon Jean‐Paul , Venien‐Bryan Catherine , Boisset Nicolas , Callebaut Isabelle 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPhosphorylase kinase (PhK) is a large hexadecameric complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation and activation of glycogen phosphorylase (GP). It consists in four copies each of a catalytic subunit (γ) and three regulatory subunits (α β δ). δ corresponds to endogenous calmodulin, whereas little is known on the molecular architecture of the large α and β subunits, which probably arose from gene duplication. Here, using sensitive methods of sequence analysis, we show that the C‐terminal domain (named domain D) of these α and β subunits can be significantly related to calcineurin B‐like (CBL) proteins. CBL are members of the EF‐hand family that are involved in the regulation of plant‐specific kinases of the CIPK/PKS family, and relieve autoinhibition of their target kinases by binding to their regulatory region. The relationship highlighted here suggests that PhK α and/or β domain D may be involved in a similar regulation mechanism, a hypothesis which is supported by the experimental observation of a direct interaction between domain D of PhKα and the regulatory region of the γ subunit. This finding, together the identification of significant similarities of domain D with the preceding domain C, may help to understand the molecular mechanism by which PhK α and/or β domain D might regulate PhK activity. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.