bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Set science priorities, says Rep. Brown
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

If scientists fail to set priorities for research spending, someone else will, said Rep. George Brown, Jr. (D.‐Calif.) at a recent space policy symposium in Washington, D.C. Addressing one of his now‐familiar themes—priority‐setting—the chair of the House Space, Science, and Technology Committee called for apportioning research support based, above all, on scientific merit. Otherwise, “science funding may be increasingly decided by ‘political pork’ awarded to localities based on political rather than scientific goals,” he said.At a January 24 forum of the National Academy of Sciences' Space Studies Board, Brown stressed that space science objectives must match the nation's overall “science and technology agenda.” Scientists and policy‐makers should work together to advance “explicit social, economic, and political goals,” he said. However, “if Congress perceives that scientists view research funding as a right rather than an opportunity that comes with a responsibility, they cannot build mutual trust.”
Space science: Who's at the helm?
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

Who should set priorities for space science research—the Space Studies Board of the National Academy of Sciences, NASA's Space Science and Applications Advisory Committee, or both? This was a basic theme discussed at a symposium on priorities in space research, held by the Space Studies Board January 24 in Washington, D.C. Louis Lanzerotti, chair of the board, commented that setting science priorities was “harder than solving differential equations.”The board released its report, “Setting Priorities for Space Research—Opportunities and Imperatives,” which stressed the fundamental need for ranking space initiatives. The forum itself was held to gather comments on a draft questionnaire developed to elicit research priorities from space scientists. Both documents were drawn up by a Space Studies Board task force on space priorities chaired by John Dutton of Pennsylvania State University.
Martian Surface and Atmosphere Workshop
Authors: Schuraytz Benjamin C. 
Published: October 2006

The NASA‐sponsored Martian Surface and Atmosphere Through Time Study Project convened its first major meeting at the University of Colorado in Boulder, September 23–25, 1991. The workshop, co‐sponsored by the Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) and the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado, brought together an international group of 125 scientists to discuss a variety of issues relevant to the goals of the MSATT Program. The workshop program committee included co‐convenors Robert Haberle, MSATT Steering Committee Chairman NASA Ames Research Center) and Bruce Jakosky (University of Colorado), and committee members Amos Banin (NASA Ames Research Center and Hebrew University), Benjamin Schuraytz (LPI), and Kenneth Tanaka (U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Ariz.).The purpose of the workshop was to begin exploring and defining the relationships between different aspects of Mars science—the evolution of the surface, the atmosphere, upper atmosphere, volatiles, and climate. Specific topics addressed in the 88 contributed abstracts included the current nature of the surface with respect to physical properties and photometric observations and interpretations; the history of geological processes, comprising water and ice‐related geomorphology, impact cratering, and volcanism; and the geochemistry and mineralogy of the surface with emphasis on compositional and spectroscopic studies and weathering processes. Also addressed were the present atmosphere, focusing on structure and dynamics, volatile and dust distribution, and the upper atmosphere; long‐term volatile evolution based on volatiles in SNC meteorites (certain meteorites thought to have come from Mars) and atmospheric evolution processes; climate history and volatile cycles in relation to early climate and the polar caps, ground ice, and regolith; and future mission concepts.
Federal global change data plan reviewed
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

Scientists and data managers are grappling with an unprecedented challenge: how to handle the explosion of data being produced by global change research. The federal government is developing a plan to manage data among the various federal agencies that participate in the U.S. Global Change Research Program. From January 22 to 24, some 80 scientists, data managers, and officials from federal agencies, universities, laboratories, and other institutions met in Washington, D.C. to critique the draft plan.New observational tools are expected to increase the flow of global change data to ever more massive proportions, while all the data now available is not catalogued properly. Even now, if a researcher does manage to find appropriate data, it may not be documented sufficiently to use. “These practical difficulties are especially acute for global change researchers, who need to search for data and information very broadly across scientific disciplines and sometimes decades after the data were archived,” explains the draft plan by the Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
Fiscal 1993 U.S. Science Budget request released
Authors: Bush Susan , Simarski Lynn Teo , DeVito M. Catherine 
Published: October 2006

DOE's proposed budget for fiscal 1993 is $19.4 billion, almost level with fiscal 1992's $19 billion. Of that, $5.5 billion is targeted for environmental cleanup at DOE facilities, an increase of $1.16 billion. DOE's portion of research and development related to the National Energy Strategy is $725 million, up 16% from 1992. Funding for defense activities is down 9% to $7.5 billion from $8.3 billion.According to DOE Secretary James D. Watkins, “Congressional enactment of a comprehensive and balanced legislative package is needed to implement fully the president's National Energy Strategy.” As such, there are provisions in the fiscal 1993 DOE budget for advanced energy technology R&D to reduce energy consumption, increase fuel flexibility, and improve U.S. competitiveness in world markets.
House Panel skeptical of NASA budget
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

The forced resignation of NASA chief Richard Truly on February 12 is widely seen as having weakened the agency at a critical time, just as Congress has begun considering this year's federal budget request. Members of a House space panel expressed dismay at Truly's ouster by the White House, when the agency head appeared February 19 at the year's first NASA budget hearing. Several legislators suggested that the dismissal strengthened the hand of the National Space Council, which is headed by Vice President Dan Quayle.“It angers me to think that NASA, which has inspired generations of Americans, is being turned into a public relations tool for the rehabilitation of Dan Quayle,” said Norman Y. Mineta (D‐Calif.) at the hearing of the Space Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee. Mineta's charge that the White House is using NASA as a “political poker chip” was echoed repeatedly by other legislators during the hearing.
Overhead rate issue continues to churn
Authors: Jones Richard M. 
Published: October 2006

Recent actions and statements by Congress and the White House make it clear that the controversy over university indirect cost rates, first raised by Rep. John D. Dingell (D‐Mich.) almost one year ago, will not be resolved in the near future.On January 29, the same day that the president's 1993 budget was released, Rep. Dingell convened a third hearing of his Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations. Dingell opened the proceedings by stating that a “fair amount has been accomplished,” but continued that the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA) has started audits at almost all of 38 major research universities. Dingell spoke of “stunning findings” from these audits and said that DCAA is now initiating audits at non‐profit research institutions, such as the National Academy of Sciences. “These audits have also discovered serious overcharging,” he said.
Minnesota Geological Survey funded
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

The Minnesota Geological Survey, which was in danger of being closed down due to lack of funding, recently had their $1,075 million budget restored for fiscal 1993. Governor Ann Carlson signed the new bill into law on January 17.“Enactment of this legislation has effectively removed the threat of closure that has hung over our heads since the veto on June 4, 1991,” according to MGS director Priscilla Grew. Carlson vetoed the line item of the 2‐year University of Minnesota budget that funds the MGS. The MGS is funded under Minnesota's Higher Education bill, rather than as a state agency.
A new building for AGU
Authors: DeVito M. Catherine 
Published: October 2006

On March 4 at AGU headquarters, the Real Estate Committee reviewed plans for the construction of a new headquarters building, which is to be completed in early 1994 on the current 2000 Florida Avenue site. The committee discussed in detail the project's budget, scheduling, and design. This meeting marks the completion of the design and development phase. The project's architect, Shalom Baranes, will now begin construction drawings.Several years ago, projections of the Union's growth showed that by about 1995, the current building would be insufficient to house the staff required to serve the Union. A study was undertaken by a special committee with the help of consultants. This “Real Estate Committee,” chaired by Ned A. Ostenso, explored the advantages and disadvantages of six expansion options: to sell the current building and lease; to sell the current building and buy another; to “do nothing” to the existing building and expand by leasing; to keep the existing building and build a new, independent addition; to renovate the existing building and add a new addition; or to construct a new building at the current site.
Ocean drilling program sets FY 1993 schedule
Authors: Austin James A. 
Published: October 2006

At its December 1991 meeting in Austin, Tex., the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES) Planning Committee of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) established its plan for fiscal year 1993 in association with chairpersons of ODP's scientific advisory panel. The budget covers late November 1992 through late November 1993.ODP, successor to the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and the International Phase of Ocean Drilling, is a consortium of countries led by the United States with a broad mandate to conduct scientific drilling in the world's ocean basins. ODP reviews and ranks drilling programs proposed by an international community of Earth scientists according to priorities established by ODP's Long Range Plan. Using those rankings as primary input, the planning committee has placed six 56‐day drilling legs on the fiscal 1993 schedule, beginning with Leg 147. ODP's Long Range Plan is available from the Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., in Washington, D.C., and from JOIDES thematic panels.
Crary Lab dedicated in Antarctica
Authors: Peacock Dennis S. 
Published: October 2006

A new $23 million science laboratory was dedicated on November 5, 1991, at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. The laboratory was named the Albert P. Crary Science and Engineering Center, in honor of geophysicist andglaciologist Albert P. Crary, the first person to set foot on both the North and South Poles. Crary died in 1987.The Crary Laboratory contains state‐ofthe‐art scientific instrumentation that will facilitate international polar research and advancement of science and technology. Primarily, it will support funded principal investigators by providing much‐needed laboratory space, analytical instrumentation, and staging areas for a wide range of scientific disciplines. The facility will replace old and outdated science buildings that were built as early as 1959.
Institutions supported by ONR Ocean Sciences
Authors: Hartwig Eric O. 
Published: October 2006

The Ocean Sciences Directorate of the Office of Naval Research (ONR) is a major sponsor of basic research and graduate education aimed at understanding the ocean environment. Funding support for proposals is provided to investigators on the basis of scientific merit, Navy relevance, programmatic interest, and cost of proposed research. Any scientists or institutions interested in ONR‐funded research are advised to contact the appropriate ONR scientific officer Point of Contact (POC) about their research interests before submitting a proposal.The appropriate POC can be found in the ONR Guide to Programs (request from ONR, Code 1 ISP, 800 N. Quincy St., Arlington, VA 22217‐5000). Ocean sciences programs include ocean technology, remote sensing, coastal sciences, research facilities (not a scientific program), meso‐ and large‐scale physical oceanography, small‐scale physical oceanography, marine meteorology, oceanic biology, oceanic chemistry, ocean optics, ocean acoustics, arctic sciences, and marine geology and geophysics. Each of these programs has one or more scientific officers to which the community can direct their scientific interest.
Peck grilled on USGS cuts
Authors: Devito M. Catherine 
Published: October 2006

At a March 31 House appropriations hearing on the U.S. Geological Survey's fiscal year 1993 budget, Sidney Yates (D‐Ill.), chair of the Subcommittee on Interior and Related Agencies, challenged USGS Director Dallas Peck's assertion that a $42 million decrease in funding will not render the USGS unable to fulfill its commitments. Peck staved off these charges, declaring that the budget reflects “fiscal responsibility.”USGS program reductions will total $69 million when matching funds from state and local agencies are taken into account. The 10% decrease from last year's budget would hit volcano and earthquake hazards funding the hardest. River monitoring would also lose some funding.
AGU's position on FY93 Budget
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

For the third year in a row, AGU has formally added its voice to the debate in Congress on the president's proposed federal budget. The position statement addresses general policy issues affecting scientific research and offers specific comments on the fiscal year 1993 budget requests of agencies that support geoscience research.The position was approved by a vote of the AGU Council on April 7. The statement was drafted by a panel chaired by Terry E. Tullis of Brown University.
USGS budget cuts threaten programs
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

In one of the most severe across‐the‐board budget cuts for the U.S. Geological Survey, many of its programs are facing significant reduction or elimination. The president has requested $540.3 million for the agency's fiscal 1993 budget, a decrease of $42.46 million, or 8.4% from fiscal 1992.With the president's proposed budget, “USGS will clearly have difficulty carrying on at some level,” said Dave Russ, Assistant Chief Geologist for Program, USGS, Reston, Va. “If we don't get additional restoration [of funds] from Congress, many areas [of research] will be in trouble,” he added.
Recent U.S.‐U.S.S.R. cruise in Bering Sea
Authors: Reed R. K. , Verkhunov A. V. , Khen G. V. , Cokelet E. D. , Overland J. E. , Whitledge T. E. 
Published: October 2006

An oceanographic cruise aboard the NOAA ship Miller Freeman along the Aleutian Islands and in the western, northern, and central Bering Sea (Figure 1) took place August 2–29, 1991. This was a cooperative project between American and Soviet researchers, and operations were conducted in both the U.S. and Soviet economic zones. The expertise of the various researchers contributed greatly to the success of the project.This cruise was the first major field work carried out in this region as part of NOAA's Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (FOCI). Previously, FOCI studies have been conducted in the Gulf of Alaska, especially in Shelikof Strait [Reed et al., 1988]. The main goal of FOCI is to gain understanding of the effects of the biotic and abiotic environments on commercially important fisheries. The work described here was largely concerned with ocean circulation, especially flow through the deeper Aleutian Island passes and the continuity of circulation over the central and western Bering Sea. Our results will be used in conjunction with numerical models and studies with satellite altimetry.
Precipitation in topographically diverse regions
Authors: Tarboton David 
Published: October 2006

A 1991 AGU Fall Meeting session, Precipitation in Topographically Diverse Regions, focused on the understanding and modeling of precipitation in regions with significant topography, concentrating on the effect of topography on precipitation. Contributions ranged from detailed mesoscale atmospheric models to statistical approaches.Two papers presented detailed physical modeling. A. P. Barros and D. P. Lettenmaier described their work, consisting of a threedimensional finite element model based on the measurement of moist static energy. Application of the model in the Olympic and Cascades mountains demonstrated its potential to model monthly precipitation totals to within 15%. F. Giorgi described some of the work being done at NCAR that is focusing on the regional impacts of global climate change. This work uses a mesoscale meteorological model (Penn State/NCAR MM4) embedded within a general circulation model. There were three papers from the USGS/Colorado State group that described work involving the RHEA‐CSU orographic precipitation model that has been coupled with the USGS/s distributed parameter Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). The orographic precipitation model has been integrated into a geographic information system to facilitate the use of digital elevation data. The PRMS is based on the concept of hydrologic response units, and the results presented illustrated the scale's sensitivity to these. When rectangular boxes were used instead of the usual response units defined by streams and drainage divides, there was no appreciable degradation in the quality of the simulation. The size and number of response units appears to be more crucial than whether they are demarcated by drainage divides and streams or simply arbitrary.
Antarctic science preserve polluted
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

Geophysicists are alarmed at the electromagnetic pollution of a research site in the Antarctic specifically set aside to study the ionosphere and magnetosphere. A private New Zealand communications company called Telecom recently constructed a satellite ground station within the boundaries of this Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), protected since the mid‐1970s. The placement of a commercial facility within this site sets an ominous precedent not only for the sanctity of other SSSIs, but also for Specially Protected Areas—preserves not even open to scientific research, such as certain penguin rookeries.The roughly rectangular, one‐by‐one‐half mile site, located at Arrival Heights not far from McMurdo Station, is one of a number of areas protected under the Antarctic treaty for designated scientific activities. Many sites are set aside for geological or biological research, but this is the only one specifically for physical science.
Press calls for new technology policy
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

Based on the remarkable progress in science over the last decade, the United States is entering a new era in science and technology, said Frank Press, president of the National Academy of Sciences. In an address to the NAS's 129th annual meeting on April 27, he said that we will need to take new approaches to federal technology policy in response to new conditions in the world. We will need strength in science and technology, as well as excellence in marketing in order to maintain our leadership role, he said.“It will be an era in which the boundaries between basic and applied research erode,” said Press. “More than ever before, science will drive technology and technology will accelerate scientific progress,” he added. Research‐based science and technology in universities and federal laboratories will play a major role in the economic development of the United States, he noted.
DOE Budget up slightly
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

The Department of Energy's budget request for fiscal year 1993 is $19,4 billion, a 2% increase from last year's total. The biggest increase was in environmental restoration, up 24% to $5.3 billion. A total of $3.0 billion is proposed for basic science research, an increase of 12% from fiscal 1992.Budget cuts were proposed for national defense and energy‐related activities. Due to a shrinking and restructuring of nuclear weapons, national defense activities were decreased by 9%. Also, energy‐related activities, including increasing energy efficiency and securing future energy supplies, would decrease by 2%, which reflects a decrease in fossil fuel R&D funding.
Groundwater problems in Mexico
Authors: Escolero Oscar , Marin Luis E. 
Published: October 2006

Mexico has two kinds of groundwater problems. The first, which is common to many nations, includes groundwater contamination, saltwater intrusion, and severe drawdown in aquifers. The second, which amplifies effects of the physical problems, is a lack of trained professionals in the hydrogeologic sciences. For a country with a population of more than 80 million inhabitants, this is a serious problem.Of the approximately 2 million km2 of surface land in Mexico, at least 1.2 million km2 are of hydrogeologic interest. Almost 50% of the water used in Mexico comes from groundwater. In many areas, such as the Yucatan peninsula, groundwater is the only source of water available. Approximately 340 aquifers have been identified. Of these, eighty are over‐exploited, sixteen have salt water intrusion problems, ten have contamination problems, and five have land subsidence problems associated with groundwater extractions. Drawdowns range from a few meters to more than one hundred meters in the past 50 years in areas of northern Mexico.
Between Two Worlds
Authors: Skolnikoff Eugene B. 
Published: October 2006

Lynton Keith Caldwell can fairly be considered the dean of American political scientists concerned with environmental issues. He has published many books on various aspects of environmental politics and policy and has had an influential role in the development of environmental legislation in the United States. This most recent book is different from his others, however, for it presents a philosophical and personal summary of the extent of the environmental crisis he perceives to be facing the world, and what he believes is required to avoid the plight he sees as near at hand. Lynton Keith Caldwel can fairly be considered the dean of American political scientists concerned with environmental issues. He has published many books on various aspects of environmental politics and policy and has had an influential role in the development of environmental legislation in the United States. This most recent book is different from his others, however, for it presents a philosophical and personal summary of the extent of the environmental crisis he perceives to be facing the world, and what he believes is required to avoid the plight he sees as near at hand.Writing in the style of an extended essay or memoir, Caldwell takes the reader gradually through his deeply troubled analysis of how we came to the present situation. In his view, “modern society has reached a point in time and circumstance when its customary behaviors can no longer be continued. New ways of relating to the Earth have become necessary, and so the world is passing through a historical discontinuity.” He proceeds in a deceptively calm manner, avoiding inflammatory language, to present a radical view of what he believes is necessary to bring about a different world that “must be created if civilization, and perhaps humanity, are to survive.”