bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal of a new concept for color‐appearance modeling
Authors: Nayatani Yoshinobu , Sakai Hideki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new type of color‐appearance model (CAM) is proposed together with its concept and flow of formulations. The topics described are: (1) The existence of two kinds of color‐appearance models, CAMs previously used and CAMs newly proposed. (2) All the CAMs, previously developed and used, do not predict color‐appearance attribute of perceived lightness of object colors under any illuminations. They may be adequately called “the model for predicting color‐appearance match between object colors under different adapting conditions.” (3) Newly improved CAMs take the Helmholtz–Kohlrausch effect in the VCC method into account. They can determine object colors with the same Tone (equi‐perceived lightness, equi‐whiteness‐blackness, and equi‐perceived chroma) irrespective of hues under reference illuminant. The newly improved models can be named Integrated CAMs. Their applicable fields are described in detail. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 113–120, 2007
Spectral adaptation
Authors: Fairchild Mark D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChromatic adaptation refers to the ability of the human visual system to adjust to the color of the illumination, or other prevailing stimuli, such that perceived object colors vary far less with changes in illumination than would be expected from simple radiometry or colorimetry. Models of chromatic adaptation are generally formulated as extensions of the von Kries hypothesis of some sort of independent gain control mechanisms operating on the three types of cone, or similar signals. This article introduces a new way to model the phenomenon with no requirement for the first stage chromatic processing. This model is referred to as a spectral adaptation model since it acts upon spectra rather than chromatic signals such as tristimulus values. The spectral adaptation model was compared with other models of adaptation both computationally and through limited psychophysical data. It is shown to have reasonable and flexible performance and could be of practical value in applications such as spectral image reproduction. A limiting case of the spectral model, a model of perfect color constancy, is also described and compared with traditional colorimetric chromatic adaptation models. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 100 – 112, 2007
Proposed modification to the CIECAM02 colour appearance model to include the simultaneous contrast effects
Authors: Wu Ray‐Chin , Wardman Roger H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA modified CIECAM02 colour appearance model, named CIECAM02‐m2, is proposed to enable CIECAM02 to predict the simultaneous contrast effect. The structure of the CIECAM02‐m2 is a development from CIECAM02, and contains two different procedures for modifying the reference white; one is for lightness and the other is for hue. The model was tested using a data set accumulated in this study and the LUTCHI data. The CV values for three colour attributes between predictions and experimental data were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model. The low CV values obtained show the performance of the CIECAM02‐m2 model to predict the simultaneous contrast effect satisfactorily. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 121 – 129, 2007
Work week productivity, visual complexity, and individual environmental sensitivity in three offices of different color interiors
Authors: Kwallek Nancy , Soon Kokyung , Lewis Carol M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report is the fourth in a series from a large scale study that examines the effects of three office color interiors (white, predominately red, and predominately blue‐green) on worker productivity. Matched on relevant variables, participants were assigned to one of three offices and performed simulated office tasks for four consecutive days. Productivity was measured through workers' task performance and task accuracy, taking into account individual differences in environmental sensitivity (i.e., stimulus screening). The findings suggested that the influences of interior colors on worker productivity were dependent upon individuals' stimulus screening ability and time of exposure to interior colors. Implications of office workers' long‐term productivity are discussed in relation to issues concerning the visual complexity of interior environments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 130 – 143, 2007
A three‐symbol code for organized proteomes based on cyclical imaging of protein locations
Authors: Schubert Walter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground:A major challenge in the post genomic era is to map and decipher the functional molecular networks of proteins directly in a cell or a tissue. This task requires technologies for the colocalization of random numbers of different molecular components (e.g. proteins) in one sample in one experiment.Methods:Multi‐epitope‐ligand‐“kartographie” (MELK) was developed as a microscopic imaging technology running cycles of iterative fluorescence tagging, imaging, and bleaching, to colocalize a large number of proteins in one sample (morphologically intact routinely fixed cells or tissue).Results:In the present study, 18 different cell surface proteins were colocalized by MELK in cells and tissue sections in different compartments of the human immune system. From the resulting sets of multidimensional binary vectors the most prominent groups of protein–epitope arrangements were extracted and imaged as protein “toponome” maps providing direct insight in the higher order topological organization of immune compartments uncovering new tissue domains. The data sets suggest that protein networks, topologically organized in proteomes in situ, obey a unique protein‐colocation and ‐anticolocation code describable by three symbols.Conclusion:The technology has the potential to colocalize hundreds of proteins and other molecular components in one sample and may offer many applications in biology and medicine. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology.
Clonal expansions of CD4+ B helper T cells in autoimmune myasthenia gravis
Authors: Tackenberg Björn , Kruth Jens , Bartholomaeus Johanna E. , Schlegel Kerstin , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Willcox Nicholas , Hemmer Bernhard , Sommer Norbert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe weakness in myasthenia gravis (MG) is mediated by T helper cell (Th)‐dependent autoantibodies against neuromuscular epitopes. So far, analyzing Th phenotypes or antigen specificities has yielded very few clues to pathogenesis. Here we adopt an alternative antigen‐independent approach, analyzing T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ usage/expansions in blood from 118 MG patients. We found major expansions (⩾ five standard deviations above the mean of 118 healthy, individually age‐ and sex‐matched controls) in diverse Vβ in 21 patients (17.6%, p<0.001) among CD4+ T cells, and in 45 patients (38.1%, p<0.001) among CD8+ T cells. In informative probands, the expanded CD4+ cells consistently showed a Th cell phenotype (CD57+CXCR5+) and expressed Th1 cytokines. Furthermore, their expression of markers for activation, lymphocyte trafficking and B cell‐activating ability persisted for ⩾3 years. Surprisingly, we noted a selective decline in the expansions/their CD57 positivity while the probands’ MG was improving. CDR3 spectratyping suggested mono‐ or oligoclonal origins, which were confirmed by the prevalent TCR Vβ CDR3 sequences of Th cells cloned from repeat bleeds. Thus, our data provide evidence for persistent clonally expanded CD4+ B helper T cell populations in the blood of MG patients. These unexpected CD4+ expansions might hold valuable clues to MG immunopathogenesis.
Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes with N‐Aminoguanidine
Authors: Aitken David J. , Albinati Alberto , Gautier Arnaud , Husson Henri‐Philippe , Morgant Georges , Nguyen‐Huy Dung , Kozelka Jiří , Lemoine Pascale , Ongeri Sandrine , Rizzato Silvia , Viossat Bernard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractN‐Aminoguanidine (Amgu) was examined for its behaviour as a ligand for platinum(II) and palladium(II). Protonated AmguH+ can coordinate platinum as a monodentate ligand bound via the N4 amino group. Deprotonated, electrically neutral Amgu forms chelate complexes with both PtII and PdII; in these complexes Amgu is coordinated to the metal by the N4 amino group and the deprotonated N1 imino group, forming a five‐membered ring. K[PtCl3(dmso)] reacted with Amgu·HCl to yield a chelate complex with N1 bound trans to S, suggesting that an exchange between the N1 and N4 binding sites followed the primary nucleophilic attack of N4 on platinum. Whereas reactions between K2PdCl4 and Amgu·HCl were rapid and straightforward, K2PtCl4 was easily reduced to metallic platinum by Amgu·HCl, especially in stoichiometric conditions. Solution NMR and X‐ray crystallographic characterization is presented for five new complexes: trans‐[PtCl2(AmguH‐N4)2]Cl2·21/2H2O (3), trans‐[Pt(Amgu‐N1,N4)2](NO3)2 (4), [PtCl(Amgu‐N1,N4)(dmso)]Cl·2H2O (5), [PdCl2(AmguH‐N1,N4)] (6), and trans‐[Pd(Amgu‐N1,N4)2]Cl2 (7). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Nickel(II)‐Carbene Intermediates in Reactions of Geminal Dihaloalkanes with Nickel(0) Reagents and the Corresponding Carbene Capture as the Phosphonium Ylide
Authors: Eisch John J. , Qian Yun , Rheingold Arnold L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a previous study of geminal bond cleavages of substrates of the type R2CE2 [E2 = X2, O, S, Li(SO2Ph)] by nickel(0) reagents [LnNi, Ln = (Cod)2, (Et4P)4], leading to R2C=CR2 as products, the tentative hypothesis had been proposed that such reactions likely proceed via nickel(0)‐carbene intermediates (J. J. Eisch, Y. Qian, M. Singh, J. Organomet. Chem. 1996, 512, 207). Because such proposed nickel(0)‐carbenes do not satisfactorily account for reactions encountered with such α‐eliminations, a detailed reexamination of the reaction of these nickel(0) reagents with geminal dihalides has been undertaken. For example, two reactions of such presumed nickel(0)‐carbenes remained anomalous: (1) the failure of 5,5‐dibromotetraphenylcyclopentadiene to form its expected dimer, octaphenylphenylfulvalene and instead the formation of triethylphosphonium tetraphenylcyclopentadienide in its reaction with (Et3P)4Ni; and (2) the presumed capture of intermediate R2C=Ni0 in presence of the trapping agent (benzaldehyde or benzophenone). As to the first anomaly, a detailed study has shown that no trace of octaphenylfulvalene was formed. As to the second anomaly, the R2C fragment could be trapped by the carbonyl reagents only in reactions involving (Et3P)4Ni, but not in reactions with (Cod)2Ni. This finding compels one to conclude that the carbonyl reagent is capturing the Wittig reagent, R2C=PEt3, and not R2C=Ni0. Based upon all present data, the mechanism of such C=C bond dimerizations is best explicable in terms of nickel(II)‐carbenes. The triethylphosphonium tetraphenylcyclopentadienide formed here has by single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination, complemented by 13C NMR spectroscopic data, been found to have the zwitterionic structure Ph4Cp––+PEt3 as its paramount resonance contributor.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
The advent of mineralized skeletons in Neoproterozoic Metazoa—new fossil evidence from the Gaojiashan Fauna
Authors: Hong Hua , Zhe Chen , Xunlai Yuan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe terminal Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran) Dengying Formation in southern Shaanxi, China, hosts two types of conical fossils: one is the so‐called Conotubus, found in siliciclastic rocks in the lower and middle part of the Gaojiashan Member; the other is the renowned Cloudina in carbonate rocks of the upper Gaojiashan Member and succeeding Beiwan Member. Conotubus are conical and gently curved tubular fossils, with a variable rate of expansion. They are built of multiple thin, steep, eccentrically nested funnels set one within the next. A detailed comparison of the two conical fossils suggests that the organic tubes of Conotubus may be the precursor of the mineralized Cloudina tubes; this inference is consistent with their similarities in both wall structure and life style. Our research thus suggests that the organic skeleton preceded the rise of the mineralized skeleton in Cloudina‐like fossils. Sophisticated hypotheses have been advocated, some linking the skeletal genesis to increasing levels of Ca2+ in the seas, others to the enlargement of body sizes of animals. Yet our findings have supported the ‘arms race’ hypothesis: skeletons evolved primarily through selective predation pressure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isoleucine infusion during “simulated” upper gastrointestinal bleeding improves liver and muscle protein synthesis in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Olde Damink Steven W. M. , Jalan Rajiv , Deutz Nicolaas E. P. , Dejong Cornelis H. C. , Redhead Doris N. , Hynd Paula , Hayes Peter C. , Soeters Peter B. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in cirrhotic patients has a high incidence of mortality and morbidity. Postbleeding catabolism has been hypothesized to be partly due to the low biological value of hemoglobin, which lacks the essential amino acid isoleucine. The aims were to study the metabolic consequences of a “simulated” upper GI bleed in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and the effects of intravenous infusion of isoleucine. Portal drained viscera, liver, muscle, and kidney protein kinetics were quantified using a multicatheterization technique during routine portography. Sixteen overnight-fasted, metabolically stable patients who received an intragastric infusion of an amino acid solution mimicking hemoglobin every 4 hours were randomized to saline or isoleucine infusion and received a mixture of stable isotopes (L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine, L-[ring-2H4]tyrosine, and L-[ring-2H2]tyrosine) to determine organ protein kinetics. This simulated bleed resulted in hypoisoleucinemia that was attenuated by isoleucine infusion. Isoleucine infusion during the bleed resulted in a positive net balance of phenylalanine across liver and muscle, whereas renal and portal drained viscera protein kinetics were unaffected. In the control group, no significant effect was shown.

Conclusion:

The present study investigated hepatic and portal drained viscera protein metabolism selectively in humans. The data show that hepatic and muscle protein synthesis is stimulated by improving the amino acid composition of the upper GI bleed by simultaneous intravenous isoleucine administration. (Hepatology 2007;45:560–568.)
Impairment of hepatic Stat-3 activation and reduction of PPARα activity in fructose-fed rats
Authors: Roglans Núria , Vilà Laia , Farré Mireia , Alegret Marta , Sánchez Rosa María , Vázquez-Carrera Manuel , Laguna Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Fructose makes up a significant proportion of energy intake in westernized diets; its increased consumption has paralleled the growing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome over the past two decades. In the current study, we demonstrate that fructose administration (10% wt/vol) in the drinking water of rats reduces the trans-activating and trans-repressing activity of the hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). As a consequence, fructose decreases hepatic fatty oxidation and increases pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity. These changes were not observed in glucose-administered rats (10% wt/vol), although both carbohydrates produced similar changes in plasma adiponectin and in the hepatic expression of transcription factors and enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis. Fructose-fed, but not glucose-fed, rats were hyperleptinemic and exhibited increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) transcription factor, although they did not present a similar increase in the serine phosphorylation of nuclear STAT3. Thus, an impairment in the hepatic transduction of the leptin signal could be responsible for the observed alterations in PPARα activity in fructose-fed rats. Because PPARα activity is lower in human than in rodent liver, fructose ingestion in humans should cause even worse effects, which would partly explain the link between increased consumption of fructose and widening epidemics of obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion

: Hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis induced by fructose ingestion result from a reduction in the hepatic catabolism of fatty acids driven by a state of leptin resistance. (Hepatology 2007;45:778–788.)
SgIGSF is a novel biliary–epithelial cell adhesion molecule mediating duct/ductule development
Authors: Ito Akihiko , Nishikawa Yuji , Ohnuma Kazuhiro , Ohnuma Ikuyo , Koma Yu-ichiro , Sato Ayuko , Enomoto Katsuhiko , Tsujimura Tohru , Yokozaki Hiroshi 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Spermatogenic immunoglobulin superfamily (SgIGSF) is an intercellular adhesion molecule of the nectin-like family. While screening its tissue distribution, we found that it was expressed in fetal liver but not adult liver. In the present study, we examined which cells in developing and regenerating liver express SgIGSF via immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. In developing mouse liver, SgIGSF expression was transiently upregulated at perinatal ages and was restricted to the lateral membrane of biliary epithelial cells (BECs). In regenerating rat livers from the 2-acetylaminofluorene/partial hepatectomy model, SgIGSF was detected exclusively in oval cells that aligned in ductal and trabecular patterns by the second week posthepatectomy. In human livers, fetal and newborn bile ducts and cirrhotic bile ductules were clearly positive for SgIGSF, whereas disease-free adult bile ducts were negative. To investigate the role of SgIGSF in bile duct/ductule formation, we used an

in vitro

model in which rat hepatocyte aggregates embedded in collagen gels containing insulin and epidermal growth factor extend epithelial sheets and processes in the first week and form ductules within a month. The process and ductular cells were continuously positive for SgIGSF and cytokeratin 19, a BEC marker. When the aggregate culture was started in the presence of a function-blocking anti-SgIGSF antibody, the number of epithelial processes per aggregate was reduced by 80%.

Conclusion:

We propose that SgIGSF is a novel and functional BEC adhesion molecule that is expressed for a limited time during active bile duct/ductule formation. (Hepatology 2007;45:684–694.)
Cardiotrophin-1 is an essential factor in the natural defense of the liver against apoptosis
Authors: Marquès Juan M. , Belza Idoia , Holtmann Bettina , Pennica Diane , Prieto Jesus , Bustos Matilde 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

We previously reported that exogenous cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, exerts hepatoprotective effects. Because CT-1 is expressed in the normal liver, we hypothesized that this cytokine may constitute an endogenous defense of the liver against proapoptotic stimuli. Here, we found that CT-1−/− mice died faster than wild-type animals after challenge with a lethal dose of the Fas agonist Jo-2. At sublethal doses of Jo-2, all wild-type mice survived whereas CT-1−/− animals developed extensive hepatocyte apoptosis with 50% mortality at 24 hours. Pretreatment with CT-1 improved survival and reduced injury in both CT-1−/− and wild-type animals. Upon Fas ligation the activation of STAT-3, a molecule that defends the liver against apoptosis, was lower in CT-1−/− mice than in wild-type animals despite similar IL-6 up-regulation in the 2 groups. Analysis of liver transcriptome in CT-1−/− and wild-type mice showed that 9 genes reported to be associated with cell survival/death functions were differentially expressed in the 2 groups. Four of these genes [IGFBP1, peroxiredoxin3, TNFR1, and calpastatin (endogenous inhibitor of calpain)] could be validated by real-time PCR. All of them were down-regulated in CT-1−/− mice and were modulated by CT-1 administration. Treatment of CT-1−/− animals with the calpain inhibitor MDL28170 afforded significant protection against Fas-induced liver injury.

Conclusion

: CT-1−/− mice are highly sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis due in part to deficient STAT-3 activation and inadequate control of calpain activity during the apoptotic process. Our data show that CT-1 is a natural defense of the liver against apoptosis. This cytokine may have therapeutic potential. (Hepatology 2007;45:639–648.)
Novel aspects of PPARα-mediated regulation of lipid and xenobiotic metabolism revealed through a nutrigenomic study
Authors: Martin Pascal G. P. , Guillou Hervé , Lasserre Frédéric , Déjean Sébastien , Lan Annaig , Pascussi Jean-Marc , SanCristobal Magali , Legrand Philippe , Besse Philippe , Pineau Thierry 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) is a major transcriptional regulator of lipid metabolism. It is activated by diverse chemicals such as fatty acids (FAs) and regulates the expression of numerous genes in organs displaying high FA catabolic rates, including the liver. The role of this nuclear receptor as a sensor of whole dietary fat intake has been inferred, mostly from high-fat diet studies. To delineate its function under low fat intake conditions (4.8% w/w), we studied the effects of five regimens with contrasted FA compositions on liver lipids and hepatic gene expression in wild-type and PPARα-deficient mice. Diets containing polyunsaturated FAs reduced hepatic fat stores in wild-type mice. Only sunflower, linseed, and fish oil diets lowered hepatic lipid stores in PPARα−/− mice, a model of progressive hepatic triglyceride accumulation. These beneficial effects were associated, in particular, with dietary regulation of Δ9-desaturase in both genotypes, and with a newly identified PPARα-dependent regulation of lipin. Furthermore, hepatic levels of 18-carbon essential FAs (C18:2ω6 and C18:3ω3) were elevated in PPARα−/− mice, possibly due to the observed reduction in expression of the Δ6-desaturase and of enoyl-coenzyme A isomerases. Effects of diet and genotype were also observed on the xenobiotic metabolism-related genes Cyp3a11 and CAR.

Conclusion:

Together, our results suggest that dietary FAs represent—even under low fat intake conditions—a beneficial strategy to reduce hepatic steatosis. Under such conditions, we established the role of PPARα as a dietary FA sensor and highlighted its importance in regulating hepatic FA content and composition. (Hepatology 2007;45:767–7777.)