bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of platelet derived growth factor family members and the potential role of imatinib mesylate for cervical cancer
Authors: Taja-Chayeb Lucia , Chavez-Blanco Alma , Martínez-Tlahuel Jorge , González-Fierro Aurora , Candelaria Myrna , Chanona-Vilchis Jose , Robles Elizabeth , Dueñas-Gonzalez Alfonso 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Despite significant achievements in the treatment of cervical cancer, it is still a deadly disease; hence newer therapeutical modalities are needed. Preliminary investigations suggest that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) might have a role in the development of cervical cancer, therefore it is important to determine whether this growth factor pathway is functional and its targeting with imatinib mesylate leads to growth inhibition of cervical cancer cells.

Results
PDGF receptors (PDGFR) and their ligands are frequently expressed in cervical cancer and the majority exhibited a combination of family members co-expression. A number of intronic and exonic variations but no known mutations in the coding sequence of the PDGFRα gene were found in cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Growth assays demonstrated that PDGFBB induces growth stimulation that can be blocked by imatinib and that this tyrosine kinase inhibitor on its own inhibits cell growth. These effects were associated with the phosphorylation status of the receptor.

Conclusion
The PDGFR system may have a role in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer as their members are frequently expressed in this tumor and cervical cancer lines are growth inhibited by the PDGFR antagonist imatinib.
Characterization of neutralizing epitopes within the major capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 33
Authors: Roth Stefanie D , Sapp Martin , Streeck Rolf E , Selinka Hans-Christoph 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Infections with papillomaviruses induce type-specific immune responses, mainly directed against the major capsid protein, L1. Based on the propensity of the L1 protein to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), type-specific vaccines have already been developed. In order to generate vaccines that target a broader spectrum of HPV types, extended knowledge of neutralizing epitopes is required. Despite the association of human papillomavirus type 33 (HPV33) with cervical carcinomas, fine mapping of neutralizing conformational epitopes on HPV33 has not been reported yet. By loop swapping between HPV33 and HPV16 capsid proteins, we have identified amino acid sequences critical for the binding of conformation-dependent type-specific neutralizing antibodies to surface-exposed hyper variable loops of HPV33 capsid protein L1.

Results
Reactivities of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) H33.B6, H33.E12, H33.J3 and H16.56E with HPV16:33 and HPV33:16 hybrid L1 VLPs revealed the complex structures of their conformational epitopes as well as the major residues contributing to their binding sites. Whereas the epitope of mAb H33.J3 was determined by amino acids (aa) 51–58 in the BC loop of HPV33 L1, sequences of at least two hyper variable loops, DE (aa 132–140) and FGb (aa 282–291), were found to be essential for binding of H33.B6. The epitope of H33.E12 was even more complex, requiring sequences of the FGa loop (aa 260–270), in addition to loops DE and FGb.

Conclusion
These data demonstrate that neutralizing epitopes in HPV33 L1 are mainly located on the tip of the capsomere and that several hyper variable loops contribute to form these conformational epitopes. Knowledge of the antigenic structure of HPV is crucial for designing hybrid particles as a basis for intertypic HPV vaccines.
No association of DRD2, DRD3, and tyrosine hydroxylase gene polymorphisms with personality traits in the Japanese population
Authors: Hibino Hiroyuki , Tochigi Mamoru , Otowa Takeshi , Kato Nobumasa , Sasaki Tsukasa 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) genes could be candidates for personality-related genes considering their pharmacological profiles or structures. However, a limited number of studies have investigated the association between these genes and personality traits. In the present study, we investigated the DRD2, DRD3, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) genes in relation to personality traits in the Japanese population. Epistasis (gene-gene interaction) among the genes was extensively analyzed, in addition to the analysis based on each gene.

Methods
The -241A/G, -141C Ins/Del, and Ser311Cys polymorphisms in the DRD2 gene, the Ser9Gly polymorphism of the DRD3 gene, and the Val81Met and PstI site polymorphisms in the TH gene were genotyped in 257 healthy Japanese subjects. Personality traits were evaluated by using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The associations between gene polymorphisms and the scores for NEO PI-R or Trait Anxiety of STAI were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting sex and age. Epistasis was assessed using two-way ANCOVA between the polymorphisms of independent two genes.

Results
In the analysis based on each gene, trends for association were observed between State Anxiety and the DRD2 -141C Ins/Del polymorphism (p = 0.031, uncorrected), and between Trait Anxiety and the DRD2 Ser311Cys or TH PstI site polymorphism (p = 0.048 and 0.041, respectively, uncorrected). In epistatic analysis, a trend for interaction was observed on the scores for Neuroticism and Trait Anxiety between the DRD2 -141C Ins/Del and TH Val81Met polymorphisms (p = 0.015 and 0.010, respectively, uncorrected). However, these differences were insignificant after Bonferroni correction.

Conclusion
The present study did not provide evidence for the association between these dopamine-related genes and personality traits in the Japanese population.
Is disturbed clearance of apoptotic keratinocytes responsible for UVB-induced inflammatory skin lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus?
Authors: Reefman Esther , de Jong Marcelus CJM , Kuiper Hilde , Jonkman Marcel F , Limburg Pieter C , Kallenberg Cees GM , Bijl Marc 
Published: October 2006

AbstractApoptotic cells are thought to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We hypothesise that delayed or altered clearance of apoptotic cells after UV irradiation will lead to inflammation in the skin of SLE patients. Fifteen SLE patients and 13 controls were irradiated with two minimal erythemal doses (MEDs) of ultraviolet B light (UVB). Subsequently, skin biopsies were analysed (immuno)histologically, over 10 days, for numbers of apoptotic cells, T cells, macrophages, and deposition of immunoglobulin and complement. Additionally, to compare results with cutaneous lesions of SLE patients, 20 biopsies of lupus erythematosus (LE) skin lesions were analysed morphologically for apoptotic cells and infiltrate. Clearance rate of apoptotic cells after irradiation did not differ between patients and controls. Influx of macrophages in dermal and epidermal layers was significantly increased in patients compared with controls. Five out of 15 patients developed a dermal infiltrate that was associated with increased epidermal influx of T cells and macrophages but not with numbers of apoptotic cells or epidermal deposition of immunoglobulins. Macrophages were ingesting multiple apoptotic bodies. Inflammatory lesions in these patients were localised near accumulations of apoptotic keratinocytes similar as was seen in the majority of LE skin lesions. In vivo clearance rate of apoptotic cells is comparable between SLE patients and controls. However, the presence of inflammatory lesions in the vicinity of apoptotic cells, as observed both in UVB-induced and in LE skin lesions in SLE patients, suggests that these lesions result from an inflammatory clearance of apoptotic cells.
PUMA-mediated apoptosis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes does not require p53
Authors: You Xin , Boyle David L , Hammaker Deepa , Firestein Gary S 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPUMA (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis) is a pro-apoptotic gene that can induce rapid cell death through a p53-dependent mechanism. However, the efficacy of PUMA gene therapy to induce synovial apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis might have limited efficacy if p53 expression or function is deficient. To evaluate this issue, studies were performed to determine whether p53 is required for PUMA-mediated apoptosis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). p53 protein was depleted or inhibited in human FLS by using p53 siRNA or a dominant-negative p53 protein. Wild-type and p53-/- murine FLS were also examined to evaluate whether p53 is required. p53-deficient or control FLS were transfected with PUMA cDNA or empty vector. p53 and p21 expression were then determined by Western blot analysis. Apoptosis was assayed by ELISA to measure histone release and caspase-3 activation, or by trypan blue dye exclusion to measure cell viability. Initial studies showed that p53 siRNA decreased p53 expression by more than 98% in human FLS. Loss of p53 increased the growth rate of cells and suppressed p21 expression. However, PUMA still induced apoptosis in control and p53-deficient FLS after PUMA cDNA transfection. Similar results were observed in p53-/- murine FLS or in human FLS transfected with a dominant-negative mutant p53 gene. These data suggest that PUMA-induced apoptosis in FLS does not require p53. Therefore, approaches to gene therapy that involve increasing PUMA expression could be an effective inducer of synoviocyte cell death in rheumatoid arthritis regardless of the p53 status in the synovium.
Procaine penicillin solutions in the treatment of nasal polyposis
Authors: Ruskin Simon L. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract1. Nasal polyposis is amenable to conservative treatment by the use of solutions of procaine penicillin, 3,000 to 5,000 units per cc., when instilled into the nasal sinuses.2. Procaine penicillin solutions provide a prolonged acting penicillin effect combined with the antihistaminic effect of procaine in decongesting the nasal mucosa. It is a great advance in nasal therapy.
Diagnosis in persistent cerebrospinal fluid fistulas
Authors: Duckert Larry G. , Mathog Robert H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and otorrhea have presented difficult problems in both diagnosis and management; moreover, the threat of impending meningitis necessitates early localization of the source of the leak.The most common techniques for evaluation and isolation of CSF rhinorrhea and otorrhea have included X‐ray studies, intrathecal dyes, and radioactive cisternography. These studies, although useful, have not always demonstrated the area of the leak. Roentgenographic evaluations, including tomography, often have not isolated the fracture or defined the area of fluid accumulation. Dyes, consisting of methylene blue, Evans blue and fluorescein, injected intrathecally and recovered on nasal pledgets, have been used by a number of investigators with variable success. Radioactive tracers and cisternography used to isolate CSF fistulas, also on occasion have yielded inaccurate data.These various difficulties in diagnosis suggested a more recent review of the subject. To evaluate the efficacy of tomography, intrathecal tracers and cisternography, seven patients with persistent CSF otorrhea or rhinorrhea, and one patient with combined otorrhea and rhinorrhea were evaluated from Januaryy, 1970 to 1975. Analysis of the procedures revealed variable and inconsistent results. Problems were related to placement and removal of pledgets, positioning of the patient and different volumes and rates of flow. The difficulties encountered with the conventional diagnostic techniques were exemplified in one particular patient with multiple fistulas requiring one extracranial and several intracranial procedures for correction. A standard protocol applying X‐rays, tomography, intrathecal tracers with intranasal pledgets and cisternography is offered.
Transnasal transsphenoidal approach to the sella
Authors: Roth James A. , Seljeskog Edward L. , Duvall Arndt J. , Long Donlin M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe transnasal transsphenoidal approach to the sella turcica has been refined and perfected through advances in medicine and technology. Originally performed for excision of pituitary adenomas, its present primary use is pituitary ablation in hormonally dependent diseases. Our study of 55 patients who have undergone this procedure during the years 1970‐1975 demonstrates that this microscopic technique gives excellent exposure and visualization of intrasellar contents. Our method with several instrument modifications is discussed. It is technically an easy procedure with a minimum of morbidity and mortality.
Lesions of the vagus nerve: Diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation
Authors: Rontal Michael , Rontal Eugene 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLesions of the vagus nervous system have devastating effects on the vital functions of coughing, swallowing and phonation. A clear understanding of the vagal correlative anatomy and physiology leads to a practical organization of upper respiratory and digestive tract lesions. A reasoned and thoughtful treatment plan evolves that leads the patient to comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation.
Surgical repair of the caudal end of the septum
Authors: Wexler Manuel R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe repair of the caudal end of a severely deviated septum has been a challenge since the beginning of septum surgery. In the time of Freer and Killian, a caudal and dorsal strip was always left. Frequently, the most obvious portion of the septal deformity, the caudal end, was undisturbed and the deformity persisted. Metzenbaum, Fomon and Cottle described procedures designed to correct this problem.The procedure described in this presentation utilizes the maxilla‐pre‐maxillary approach to the septum. The laporotomy of the rhinoplasty procedure is used to expose the upper lateral cartilages. These cartilages are submucously uncovered and separated from the dorsal margin of the septal cartilage. This provides complete exposure of the line of fracture usually responsible for the extreme deflection of the caudal end of the septal cartilage.A strip of cartilage including the line of fracture is removed. The caudal end is attached to the mucoperichondrium of the right side and now is completely mobile. The caudal end is placed over the maxillary spine and sutured in position by a chromic cat gut suture from the prespine fascia through the caudal edge of the septal cartilage. The upper lateral cartilages are sutured to the dorsal margin of the septum acting as a splint to hold the sections of cartilage straight and immobile until the tissues heal.
Surgical and nonsurgical management of facial paralysis following closed head injury
Authors: Adour Kelar Karim , Boyajian John A. , Kahn Zev M. , Schneider Glenn S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe outcomes of facial nerve decompression, surgical exploration, and nonsurgical treatment for facial paralysis following closed head injury were analyzed in 30 patients with an intact facial nerve, and complete evaluation. Objective evaluation of outcome was achieved by calculation of a Facial Paralysis Recovery Profile and Recovery Index (Profile minus complications). Twelve of 15 patients with incomplete facial paralysis were treated medically. All followed patients with incomplete paralysis and bilaterally equal facial nerve excitability had a Recovery Index of +10 (complete recovery of function, no complications). Three with partial de‐nervation had a Recovery Profile of +10 with mild contracture and syn‐kinesis.The average Recovery Profiles for all patients treated by decompression, exploration, or nonsurgically were respectively 4.0, 5.7, and 5.7.The Recovery Indices were +1.8, +3, and +2.7, respectively. Where nerve excitability had become abnormal, facial nerve decompression was of no benefit in traumatic facial paralysis due to closed head injury. Nerve excitability tests of peripheral branches are of great value for prognosis and selection of patients who do not need surgical intervention. Substitution of facial nerve exploration for facial nerve decompression seems reasonable. Polytomography of the facial canal is invaluable in selection of patients for operation
Subcutaneous pedicle flap reconstruction of lower nasal defects
Authors: Toomey James M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLarge defects of the thick, immobile lower nasal skin are most optimally reconstructed by use of the single stage, reliable and cosmetically acceptable subcutaneous pedicle flap. Skin incisions are minimized and are easily placed in natural skin lines. The donor defect is closed directly.Grafts, other local flaps or regional flaps present the disadvantages of less ideal color or contour match, reduced flap mobility, restricted available skin, additional or more obvious donor site scarring or distortion, or unnecessary complexity.
Thymic cysts in the neck
Authors: Strome Marshall , Eraklis Angelo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe etiologic considerations in head and neck lesions rarely include the diagnosis of thymic cysts. A correlative summary of three new cases was analyzed with respect to the already existing body of data. A classification of thymic cysts, their embryogenesis, clinical signs, and appropriate pre‐operative studies were stressed. The gross and microscopic histopathology was reviewed with the conclusion that in many instances normal thymus was included in the surgical specimen. Given our increasing knowledge regarding thymic function, it was stressed that heightened awareness of this clinical entity should enable preservation of the normal thymus gland.
Normal opaque cerebellopontine cisternogram
Authors: Clemis Jack D. , Curtis Arthur W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn attempt has been made through this study to establish a tumor suspect pool of 100 patients, each one highly suspect because of a single or usually several strong clinical indicators of a retrocochlear lesion. In turn each patient has been proven tumor negative by virtue of a normal opaque cerebellopontine cisternogram. This has given us a unique opportunity to critically reassess the clinical indications of VHIth nerve tumor from a reverse or negative viewpoint.All data from these patients has been carefully analyzed in relation to indication for opaque cisternography, clinical symptomatology, pure tone audiometry, special auditory tests, tomograph of the internal auditory canal, vestibular function, final etiologic diagnosis, and the associated ves‐tibular aqueduct findings.This, paper parallels our earlier study of 121 surgically proven schwan‐nomas1 providing a total tumor suspect pool of 221 patients with a comparable tumor positive‐tumor negative distribution.
The homograft myringoplasty and the lamina propria of the tympanic membrane
Authors: Greenfield Elliott C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe lamina propria of the tympanic membrane is composed of a unique system of radial and nonradial fibers which contribute importantly to its function. Over 1000 patients have undergone operations for the transplantation of the homograft tympanic membrane. Animal experiments have been presented to determine whether or not the fiber system of the lamina propria of the tympanic membrane is preserved in the homograft tympanic membrane. In conjunction with this, a small series of experiments was conducted to determine the appearance of the fiber system in perforations that heal spontaneously. Current knowledge concerning the function of the fiber network is discussed. The results of the present study indicate that the lamina propria fiber network is at least partially preserved in the homograft tympanic membrane and that the fiber network of the lamina propria is not reconstituted in spontaneously healed tympanic membranes.
Ganglion cell populations in normal and pathological human cochleae. Implications for cochlear implantation.
Authors: Otte Jorge , Schuknecht Harold F. , Kerr Alan G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA histological study of 100 hearing ears showed that some capability for speech discrimination requires at least 10,000 spiral ganglion cells. The spiral ganglion cell populations were then estimated in another group of 62 ears which were profoundly deaf for a variety of causes and it was found that 45% of these met the criterion of having 10,000 ganglion cells. The ganglion cell populations were largest in ears deafened by sudden deafness, Meniere's Disease, and ototoxic drugs; they were somewhat less for those with vascular occlusion, temporal bone fracture, otosclerosis, and cochlear dysplasias; they were least in those with measles, bacterial labyrinthitis and congenital syphilis. The data is of relevance in the selection of patients for cochlear implantation.
Gelfoam paste injection for vocal cord paralysis: Temporary rehabilitation of glottic incompetence.
Authors: Schramm Victor L. , May Mark , Lavorato Alfred S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractVocal cord paralysis frequently results in open glottic incompetence with aspiration, an ineffective cough, and poor voice production. Glottic competence can be restored temporarily by injecting the true vocal cord with Gelfoam paste. This clinical use of Gelfoam for temporary rehabilitation is indicated in: 1) situations in which paralysis may be temporary, 2) patients for whom an open operative procedure must be delayed, and 3) circumstances in which it is desirable to determine the effect of vocal cord injection prior to placement of nonabsorbable material. The injection of Gelfoam paste results in minimal tissue reaction. Absorption is gradual over a period of six to ten weeks, allowing time for some glottic compensation. The injection may be repeated without adverse effects until the paralysis resolves or intervention of a permanent nature is indicated.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve pathology in spasmodic dysphonia.
Authors: Bocchino Joseph V. , Tucker Harvey M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSince it was first described in 1871, spasmodic (spastic) dysphonia has been considered a disease of psychogenic origin. Unsupported theories of possible organic etiology have appeared sporadically in the literature. In 1976 sectioning of the recurrent laryngeal nerve for patients with this disease was reported with resultant improvement in voice production. This was attempted because the spasmodic dysphonic has, in effect, already compensated vocal cords bilaterally. It was reasoned, therefore, that if one of these was paralyzed the patient would immediately be converted to a state approximating that of a well‐compensated unilateral vocal cord paralysis which situation, as is well known, usually carries with it a fairly good voice. A controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of this surgical approach has been undertaken at the Cleveland Clinic during the past year.In an attempt to elucidate the possible organic etiology of spasmodic dysphonia, a section of nerve was removed in every case and examined by both light and electron microscopy. Special stains for myelin were also used on the light microscopy specimens. Demyelinization has been found in most of the cases examined by electron microscopy. Possible correlation between this disease entity and other cranial nerve syndromes of unknown etiology is noted. Such conditions as trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and even possibly Bell's palsy may exhibit a similar etiology.