bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐tumor effects of recombinant human macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, alone or in combination with local irradiation, in mice inoculated with lewis lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Lu Li , Shen Rong‐Nian , Lin Zhong‐Hua , Aukerman Sharon L. , Ralph Peter , Broxmeyer Hal E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecombinant human (rhu) macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) was evaluated for efficacy, either alone or in combination with local X‐irradiation (LR), in mice inoculated subcutaneously (s.c.) with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. The size of the primary tumor and numbers of lung metastases, 21 days after tumor inoculation and 15 days after the start of treatment, were reduced by 87% in tumor‐bearing mice treated with 20 μg/dose M‐CSF s.c. twice a day for 5 days. LR (800 cGy) to the tumor once a week for 2 weeks had a moderate anti‐tumor effect and enhanced the anti‐tumor effect of M‐CSF. Hematological parameters, including nucleated cellularity in peripheral blood, femoral marrow, spleen and peritoneal exudate, as well as marrow and splenic granulocyte‐macrophage progenitor cells, and numbers of splenic Thy1.2+ cell and peritoneal mast cells, were perturbed in LLC‐bearing mice, and were influenced by treatment with M‐CSF and LR. Treatment with M‐CSF plus LR, but not with either agent alone, was associated with a significant, although slight, enhancement in survival time for LLC‐bearing mice. Inability to obtain a better survival‐enhancing effect appeared to be related to the limited treatment, since the anti‐tumor effects of M‐CSF were more notable early on in disease progression and were related to the dose of M‐CSF used. The effects of M‐CSF were most probably indirect ones on the host immune system. M‐CSF, in combination with LR, may be of benefit in the treatment of human tumors that have metastatic potential.
Normal tissue reactivity of four anti‐tumor monoclonal antibodies of clinical interest
Authors: Stein Rhona , Goldenberg David M. , Mattes M. Jules 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal tissue reactivity on frozen sections was examined with 4 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that were reported previously to be negative or weakly reactive with normal tissues, and strongly reactive with some types of carcinoma. All 4 antibodies reacted strongly with certain normal epithelial cells. The antibodies tested include 2 antibodies to ovarian cancer, MOv18 and MOv19, one antibody to breast cancer, H23, and one antibody reactive with a range of carcinomas, B72.3. MOv18, MOv19 and H23 reacted with many normal glandular and ductal epithelial cells, while B72.3 reacted most strongly with secretions of the small intestine epithelium and the suprabasal squamous epithelial cells of the esophagus. Since the tissue distribution of MOv19 was very similar to that of another antibody described previously, MW207, these two antibodies were compared by competitive binding inhibition, and found to recognize the same epitope. Our data emphasize the importance of repeated, independent tests of antibody specificity.
Blood group and blood‐group‐related antigens in normal pancreas and pancreas cancer: Enhanced expression of precursor type 1, Tn and Sialyl‐Tn in pancreas cancer
Authors: Schuessler Martina H. , Pintado Susan , Welt Sidney , Real Francisco X. , Xu Mai , Melamed Myron R. , Lloyd Kenneth O. , Oettgen Herbert F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExpression of blood‐group antigens A, B, Lea, sialyl‐Lea(sLea), Leb, Lex, Ley, precursor type 1, Tn and sialyl‐Tn (sTn) was examined in non‐neoplastic pancreas (n = 37) and pancreas cancer (n = 21) using mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Immunohistochemical assays were performed on sections of paraffin‐embedded tissues using the avidin‐biotin complex method. In normal pancreas, antibodies detecting Lea, sLeaand Tn reacted with ductal epithelium, and antibodies detecting A and B reacted with acini and ducts, independently of secretor status. Lexwas weakly expressed in ducts and acini, and sTn could not be detected in normal pancreas. Expression of Leb, Leyand precursor type 1 was regulated by secretor status: Leband Leywere expressed in ducts of secretor and Lea‐b−individuals, but not in ducts of non‐secretors; precursor type I was weakly expressed in acini and ducts of non‐secretors and Lea‐b−individuals, and was absent in acini and ducts of secretors. The following alterations in the expression of blood‐group antigens were observed in pancreas cancer: (1) enhanced expression of Lex, Tn and sTn; (2) enhanced expression of precursor type I independently of secretor status; (3) loss of regulation of Lebby the secretor gene; (4) decreased expression of Ley. The weak expression of precursor type 1, Tn and sTn in non‐neoplastic pancreas, and their stronger expression in pancreas cancer, suggests that up‐regulation of their expression is associated with malignant transformation of pancreatic duct cells.
Expression of epstein‐barr virus‐encoded growth‐transformation‐associated proteins in lymphoproliferations of bone‐marrow transplant recipients
Authors: Gratama Jan W. , Zutter Mary M. , Minarovits Janos , Oosterveer Maria A. P. , Donnall Thomas E. , Klein George , Ernberg Ingemar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded, growth‐transformation‐associated proteins was studied in lymphoproliferations of 9 allogeneic bone‐marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. Immunoblots of cell lysates were probed with polyspecific and monospecific antisera directed against EBNA I, 2, 3 and 6, and the membrane protein LMP. All tumors expressed EBNA I and LMP. EBNA 2 was detected in the tumors of 8 patients, and EBNA 3 and 6 in the tumors of 5 patients. The LMP regulatory sequences, 5′ of the LMP gene, were totally unmethylated in all 7 cases, while the coding sequences of LMP and EBNA 2 were more methylated in CpG dinucleotides. EBV‐transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) express EBNA I to 6 and LMP; in contrast, Burkitt lymphomas express only EBNA I.In vitroexperiments have shown that EBNA 2, 3 and LMP can generate targets for cytotoxic T cells (CTL). These combined observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the EBV‐associated lym‐phoprod'ferative disease of the BMT recipients escapes CTL‐mediated rejection due to the failure of host immunosurveillance rather than to the down‐regulation of immunogenic EBV‐encoded antigens.
Cancer incidence among parents of patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Søndergaard Jens O. , Bülow Steffen , Lynge Elsebeth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo investigate the genetic factor in the development of colorectal cancer, a cohort study was undertaken of parents of patients with this disease. All 1,524 patients, who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer in Denmark in 1982‐84 and were below the age of 60 years, were selected from the National Cancer Register. The parents of these patients were identified from the public population registers. The index persons had a total of 1,478 eligible mothers, of whom 96% were successfully traced, and a total of 1,414 eligible fathers, of whom 96% were traced. These parents were sought in the Cancer Register for cancer cases diagnosed in the period January 1, 1943 to December 31,1986. The incidence rates for the Danish population were used to estimate the expected numbers of colorectal cancer cases among the parents. Both the mothers and the fathers exhibited an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The standardized incidence ratios were 1.62 (95% CI 1.31‐2.01) and 1.87 (95% CI 1.54‐2.27), respectively. In a previous study we found that spouses of patients with colorectal cancer in Denmark did not have an increased risk of this disease. The increased risk found in the present study among the parents of patients therefore indicates that a possible genetic factor is present in the aetiology of colorectal cancer, and that it is of importance in the general population.
Analysis of marek's disease tumor‐associated surface antigen on MDCC‐MSB1‐CLO.18 cells
Authors: Home Masato , Ohashi Kazuhiko , Kodama Hiroshi , Mikami Takeshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe physico‐chemical nature of Marek's disease tumor‐associated surface antigen (MATSA) on Marek's disease (MD) lymphoblastoid tumor cell line (MDCC‐MSBI‐clo.18) was examined by the cellular enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA) and the sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an anti‐MATSA immune serum or a monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2B9 developed against MATSA. Our results indicate that MATSA is a glycoprotein and 2B9 recognizes an antigenic site in the protein moiety of MATSA. MATSA was solubilized from MSB I‐do. 18 cells by treatment with 0.5% Nonidet P‐40, and purified by affinity chromatography coupling with 2B9 and further by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethylcellulose (IECD). MATSA was eluted with 0.2 to 0.3 M KCI in IECD and the purity of MATSA was increased about 2,500‐fold. The purified MATSA was shown to have a molecular weight (Mr) of 70,000 by SDS‐PAGE. The reactivity of purified MATSA with anti‐thymus cell serum was examined. MATSA was detectable by anti‐thymus cell serum, although 2B9, which was used to purify MATSA from MSBI‐clo.18 cells, was not reactive to cells prepared from the thymus. However, MATSA was no longer detectable after the absorption of anti‐thymus cell serum by chicken bursa cells. The absorption of anti‐thymus cell serum by chicken red blood cells (RBC) had no effect on the reactivity against MATSA. These results suggest that MATSA may be a lymphocyte‐specific antigen modified during leukemogenesis by Marek's disease virus (MDV).
Characteristics of five human tumor cell lines and sublines resistant to cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum(II)
Authors: Teicher Beverly A. , Holden Sylvia A. , Herman Terence S. , Sotomayor Enrique Alvarez , Khandekar Vrinda , Rosbe Kristina W. , Brann Terrence W. , Korbut Timothy T. , Iii Emil Frei 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to study the mechanisms responsible for resistance to CDDP, 5 human tumor cell lines were made resistant to CDDP by repeated in vitro exposures. After cloning it was found that the cell lines developed were between 3.3‐fold and 17‐fold more resistant to CDDP than the parental cell lines at the IC90. These lines were also resistant to carboplatin and tetraplatin; however, resistance to tetraplatin was lower than to the other platinum complexes. Sensitivity was also assessed to Adria, MTX, 5‐FU, chlorambucil, 4‐HC, 4‐HIF, BCNU, Thiotepa, HN2, Mito C and L‐PAM, and no consistent cross‐resistance was observed. As compared with the parental lines, non‐protein sulfhydryl content was elevated in 3 resistant lines, and protein sulfhydryl was elevated in all 5 lines, as was glutathione‐S‐transferase activity. Measurements of platinum in whole cells and nuclei after exposure of the cultures to 25 μM CDDP for either 1 or 6 hr showed that nuclear levels reflected those in whole cells and that, per mg protein, platinum levels were lower in resistant cells at both time points. Formation of DNA cross‐links, determined by alkaline elution, was lower in resistant cell lines than in parental cell lines, but did not correlate with the absolute cell kill observed. These results indicate that cellular resistance to CDDP often involves decreases in drug accumulation and increases in protein sulfhydryl content. Possible strategies for overcoming these mechanisms are discussed.
Treatment of leukemia L1210 and P388 by arabinosylcytosine‐polysaccharide conjugates
Authors: Novotný Ladislav , Balážová Eliška , šandula Jozef , Ujházy Viliam , Kéry Vladimír 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConjugates of 1‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosylcytosine (araC) with two polysaccharides such as polygalacturonic acid (PGA) and carboxymethylated yeast β‐D‐glucan (CMG) were tested for their antileukemic activity in vitro on a L1210 cell line in suspension culture, in soft agar assay and in vivo on L1210, L1210/araC‐ and P388‐leukemia‐bearing mice. Both conjugates showed high activity in vitro in soft agar assay, compared with araC. Single administration of PGA‐araC or CMG‐araC increased the survival time 1.5 × or 1.7 ×, respectively, compared with araC in vivo in L1210‐leukemia‐bearing mice. The conjugates were not active against araC‐resistant leukemia line L1210/araC. The marked effect of both PGA‐araC and CMG‐araC against leukemia L1210 and P388 is probably due to the prolonged release of free araC from conjugates caused by hydrolysis.
Assessment of major carcinogens and alkaloids in the tobacco and mainstream smoke of ussr cigarettes
Authors: Djordjevic Mirjana V. , Sigountos Claire W. , Hoffmann Dietrich , Brunnemann Klaus D. , Kagan Mark R. , Bush Lowell P. , Safaev Radjab D. , Belitsky Genady A. , Zaridze David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTobacco and mainstream smoke of USSR cigarettes were analyzed for carcinogens. The pH values of suspensions of the tobacco (5.4‐5.6) and the nitrate content of the tobaccos (0.4‐1.7%) were as expected for flue‐cured and sun‐cured tobaccos and mixtures thereof. The nicotine levels of the cigarette tobaccos (0.76‐0.94%) and total alkaloid content (0.85‐1.08%) were relatively low compared with tobaccos used in Western European and US cigarettes. The concentrations of tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines in the cigarette tobaccos were also low (N'‐nitrosonornicotine 0.36‐0.85 μg/g) compared with those in bright, oriental and blended cigarette tobaccos in Western countries (0.3‐19 μg/g). The 2 non‐filter and 4 filter cigarettes from the USSR had slow burning rates and yielded 14.0‐16.7 puffs/cigarette, while puff yields for commercial cigarettes in Western countries average ≤11 puffs/cigarette. Consequently, tar and benzo(a)pyrene yields in the smoke of all cigarettes as well as nitrosamine yields were high, especially in the smoke of the filter cigarettes. It appears that an increase in the burning rates of these cigarettes should lead to lower smoke yields.
Cytotoxic potential despite impaired activation pathways in T lymphocytes infiltrating nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Ferradini L. , Miescher S. , Stoeck M. , Busson P. , Barras C. , Cerf‐Bensussan N. , Lipinski M. , Von Fliedner V. , Tursz T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial tumor consistently associated with EBV. The histological picture is characterized by a strikingly abundant lymphocytic infiltrate. Furthermore, the epithelial tumor cells present several immunological characteristics which suggest an important role for tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in the biology of this tumor. The present study reports the phenotypic and functional characterization of TIL from NPC obtained after enzymatic digestion of 15 NPC biopsies. Flow cytometric analysis of TIL suspensions indicated that most TIL were mature CD3+ T lymphocytes (mean = 60%) with a variable CD4/CD8 ratio. Most TIL were TCR α/β‐positive (mean = 55%) and only a few TCR γ‐δ‐positive cells could be identified. A small percentage (mean = 9%) displayed an activated phenotype (CD25+, HLA class II+ ). Using limiting dilution analysis, we found that the average frequency of proliferative T‐lymphocyte precursors (PTL‐P) is lower among TIL (1/40) than in autologous (1/7) or normal PBL (1/1.4). Moreover, sorting experiments have shown that this defect is significantly more pronounced in the CD8+ than in the CD4 TIL subset. Accordingly, the TCR and the CD2‐mediated antigen‐independent pathways of activation were impaired. Different types of cytotoxic precursor could be detected. These included lectin‐dependent cell cytotoxicity (LDCC) and NK‐like or lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) activity. Interestingly, some TIL from NPC were able to lyse an NPC tumor (CIS) maintained in nude mice. Thus, despite impaired activation pathways, the cytolytic potential of proliferating TIL in NPC is preserved.This work was supported by the Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. We would like to thank Aimée Pèle and Martine van Overloop for secretarial assistance.
Is the incidence of colorectal cancer related to reproduction? A Prospective study of 63,000 women
Authors: Kvåle Gunnar , Heuch Ivar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRelationships between reproductive factors and risk of colorectal cancer were examined in a population‐based prospective study in Norway. Available for analysis were 831 cases (581 colon cancer, 250 rectal cancer) diagnosed in a cohort of 63,090 women, surveyed in 1956‐1959 and followed through 1980. Overall, the analyses showed no strong effects of reproductive factors. In particular, high parity was not associated with reduced risk, and late age at first or last birth was not associated with an increased overall risk. However, in age‐specific analyses of colon cancer, adverse effects of late age at first birth and late age at last birth were observed in women with cancer diagnosed before the age of 60. A non‐significant overall excess risk in parous compared to nulliparous women was strongest for women with a cancer diagnosis before the age of 50 years. Having had many abortions was associated with increased risk for all sub‐sites. Neither age at menarche nor age at menopause were related to risk of colorectal cancer. The results suggest that reproductive factors, which are of importance in the etiology of cancer of the breast and genital organs in women, are not similarly related to risk of colorectal cancer.
Cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of arecoline and sodium nitrite on human cells in vitro
Authors: Wary K. K. , Sharan R. N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractArecoline, an active alkaloid of Areca catechu L., and sodium nitrite, a food additive, are highly cytotoxic and cytostatic on the Hep 2 cell line when administered in an acidic environment (pH 4.2) in the presence of S‐9 mixture. Hep 2 cells (106) were treated with either 0.145, 0.725 or 1.449 mM sodium nitrite or 0.042,0.085 or 0.339 mM arecoline or sodium nitrite (0.145 mM) plus varied concentrations of arecoline (0.042, 0.085 or 0.339 mM). Their effects were additive in nature. Hep 2 cells exposed to this combination showed reduced cell survival, and lower rates of DNA and protein syntheses. Involvement of N‐nitroso derivatives of arecoline is suggested to explain the results. On the basis of these studies, we speculate that N‐nitroso compounds derived from arecoline can (weakly) interact with DNA.
Schedule‐dependent in vitro combination effects of methotrexate and 5‐fluorouracil in human tumor cell lines
Authors: Tsai Chun‐Ming , Gazdar Adi F. , Perng Reury‐Perng , Kramer Barnett S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBecause of conflicting reports of clinical synergy, we used the tetrazolium‐based colorimetric (MTT) assay to test in vitro combination effects of methotrexate (MTX) plus 5‐fluorouracil (FUra) in 4 schedules on 2 human non‐small‐cell lung cancer cell lines (adenocarcinoma, NCI‐H23; bronchioalveolar‐cell carcinoma, NCI‐H358), and I human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (SNU‐CI). The complete 3 dimensional set of isoboies in the dose range under study was generated by a microcomputer‐based method. We found that the combination effects of 8‐hr sequential FUra‐MTX, simultaneous administration of MTX‐FUra, and 8‐hr sequential MTX‐FUra were clearly antagonistic for all 3 cell lines. In contrast, the combination cytotoxic effects of 24‐hr sequential MTX‐FUra were much more active. Our in vitro model thus clearly shows that MTX‐FUra interactions are highly schedule‐dependent. This provides a rational basis for testing sequential MTX‐FUra with a longer administration interval than usually employed clinically.
A correlation between GM‐CSF gene expression and metastases in murine tumors
Authors: Takeda Kazuyoshi , Hatakeyama Kohki , Tsuchiya Yoshinori , Rikiishi Hidemi , Kumagai Katsuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing 14 transplantable murine tumors, we investigated a possible correlation between their ability to produce the cytokine GM‐CSF and the spontaneous metastatic potential when mice were subcutaneously inoculated. The following results were obtained: (1) seven tumors, which produced severe pulmonary metastases and metastatic swelling of lymph nodes, exhibited the ability to produce GM‐CSF activity in culture. The cell population analysis revealed that the cells producing GM‐CSF were tumor cells themselves, but that contaminating macrophages/granulocytes and T lymphocytes did not produce GM‐CSF. The mRNA for GM‐CSF was also found in all of these highly metastatic tumors tested. In mice inoculated with a highly metastatic tumor, the GM‐CSF mRNA was also found in lungs; (2) in 3 other tumors, which produced histological but not macroscopical pulmonary metastases, no GM‐CSF activity could be detected in the culture fluids. GM‐CSF mRNA was, however, detected in the tumor cells in the presence of an mRNA‐stabilizing agent, cycloheximide, suggesting the possibility that the tumor cells of this type were transcribing GM‐CSF gene, and secreting it in undetectable levels; (3) in culture of the 4 remaining poorly or non‐metastatic tumors, neither CSF activity nor GM‐CSF mRNA could be detected even in the presence of cycloheximide. GM‐CSF mRNA was also not found in lungs of tumor‐bearing mice. Our results indicate that there may be a correlation between GM‐CSF gene expression in tumor cells and spontaneous metastases.
Identification and characterization of a colon‐cancer‐associated antigen expressed on leukemia‐lymphoma cell lines
Authors: Chimori Y. , Minowada J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA total of 72 human leukemia‐lymphoma cell lines were studied for reactivity with the monoclonal antibody (MAb) A7, an anti‐human colon‐cancer‐cell‐associated antigen reagent, by indirect membrane immunofluorescence. Nine of the 72 cell lines expressed the antigen recognized by A7 MAb. Five of the 34 T‐cell lines, 2 of the 21 B‐cell lines, and 2 of the 3 non‐lymphoid‐non‐myeloid cell lines were reactive with A7 MAb. By means of SDS‐PAGE and immunoblotting, the antigens isolated from both colon cancer cell lines (WiDr, SW1 116 and LoVo) and leukemia cell lines (A3/KAWAKAMI, H9, RPM1 8226 and SPI‐801) showed an identical MW of 42‐43 kOa. The non‐glycosylated antigen recognized by A7 MAb, which was expressed on both the colon cancer line (SW1 116) and the leukemia line (H9) in the presence of tunicamycin, also showed an identical MW of 36 kDa. However, the quantity of the antigen in the leukemia cells was significantly lower than in the colon cancer cells. Although expression of this colon‐cancer‐associated antigen in the non‐colon cancer cells is real, the significant expression of this antigen in colon‐cancer cells makes it useful for clinical monitoring of colon cancer patients.