bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Radiographic Healing on Advanced Imaging in Young Adults and Adolescents With Symptomatic Spondylolysis Before and After Treatment
Authors: Gauthier Chase , Bakaes Yianni , Puckett Haley , Dinger John , Giakas Alec , Horan Michael 
Published: February 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective chart review.

Objective.
To determine the effect of conservative measures on radiographic outcomes in those with isolated spondylolysis.

Summary of Background Data.
Spondylolysis is a common cause of low back pain in pediatric patients, affecting between 4.4% and 4.7% of all pediatric patients. This rate is even higher in high-level athletes, with recent studies suggesting a rate of 47% in this population. Conservative measures are recommended for treating symptomatic spondylolysis and are effective in controlling symptoms, but there is little evidence regarding their effect on radiographic outcomes.

Methods.
A retrospective review was conducted of patients diagnosed with spondylolysis who were treated at a single academic institution between January 1, 2012, and January 1, 2022. Data collected included demographics, presentation characteristics, pretreatment and post-treatment radiologic findings, types of treatments employed, and final symptomatic status at follow-up. The Student t test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare continuous variables. The χ2 test was used to compare categorical variables.

Results.
A total of 119 patients were included in the study. There was an 81.5% rate of healing on advanced imaging for those treated with conservative measures. When comparing those with healing on advanced imaging to those without, those with healing were more likely to have an acute fracture (P=0.04), have symptomatic improvement (P<0.01), and return-to-play (P=0.02) compared with those without. Those with healing also had an odds ratio of 6.9 (P<0.01) and 4.5 (P=0.02) to achieve symptomatic improvement and return to their sport, respectively, compared with those who did not.

Conclusion.
Our study found those with isolated spondylolysis who were treated with conservative measures had a high healing rate on advanced imaging and those with healing had significantly higher odds of having symptomatic improvement and returning to play compared with those without.

Level of Evidence.
4.
Associations of pollen and cardiovascular disease morbidity in Atlanta during 1993–2018
Authors: Lappe Brooke L. , Scovronick Noah , D’Souza Rohan R. , Manangan Arie , Chang Howard H. , Ebelt Stefanie 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Pollen exposure is associated with substantial respiratory morbidity, but its potential impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains less understood. This study aimed to investigate the associations between daily levels of 13 pollen types and emergency department (ED) visits for eight CVD outcomes over a 26-year period in Atlanta, GA.

Methods:
We acquired pollen data from Atlanta Allergy & Asthma, a nationally certified pollen counting station, and ED visit data from individual hospitals and the Georgia Hospital Association. We performed time-series analyses using quasi-Poisson distributed lag models, with primary analyses assessing 3-day (lag 0–2 days) pollen levels. Models controlled for temporally varying covariates, including air pollutants.

Results:
During 1993–2018, there were 1,573,968 CVD ED visits. Most pairwise models of the 13 pollen types and eight CVD outcomes showed no association, with a few exceptions potentially due to chance.

Conclusion:
We found limited evidence of the impact of pollen on cardiovascular morbidity in Atlanta. Further study on pollen exposures in different climactic zones and exploration of pollen-pollution mixture effects is warranted.
Glomerulonephritis as a renal manifestation in a patient with systemic sclerosis overlapped with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: Kudsi Maysoun , Hodaifa Yara , Tarcha Raghad , Almajzoub Rahaf , Hamsho Suaad , Ghazal Afraa 
Published: February 2024

Introduction and Importance:
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic immune disorder that may overlap with other rheumatologic disease; however, overlapping with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis is rare.

Case Presentation:
A 28-year-old Syrian male patient with SSc diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism 2013 criteria with a disease duration of 4 years, was admitted to the hospital complaining of palpable purpura in the lower limbs and hemoptysis and later, a rise in creatinine level. Laboratory tests showed high levels of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA). The renal biopsy results were consistent with the diagnosis of glomerulonephritis. He was treated with methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab, as he was diagnosed with SSc overlapping antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.

Clinical Discussion:
SSc most commonly renal manifestations are proliferative vasculopathy leading to scleroderma renal crisis. However, other types of renal involvement were also reported in SSc patients with comorbid autoimmune diseases such as glomerulonephritis and signs of concurrent vasculitis. SSc may overlap with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythromatosus, polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM), and Sjogren Syndrome. Overlapping with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is mentioned in rare cases.
The authors reported a rare case of overlapping SSc with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with renal involvement.

Conclusion:
The authors revealed a rare case of overlapping SSc with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with renal involvement. In SSc, renal involvement as glomerulonephritis is infrequent and should be detect in other rheumatologic disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus or antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.
The effect of unpredictability on the perception of pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pavy Fabien , Zaman Jonas , Van den Noortgate Wim , Scarpa Aurelia , von Leupoldt Andreas , Torta Diana M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Despite being widely assumed, the worsening impact of unpredictability on pain perception remains unclear because of conflicting empirical evidence, and a lack of systematic integration of past research findings. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on the effect of unpredictability on pain perception. We also conducted meta-regression analyses to examine the moderating effect of several moderators associated with pain and unpredictability: stimulus duration, calibrated stimulus pain intensity, pain intensity expectation, controllability, anticipation delay, state and trait negative affectivity, sex/gender and age of the participants, type of unpredictability (intensity, onset, duration, location), and method of pain induction (thermal, electrical, mechanical pressure, mechanical distention). We included 73 experimental studies with adult volunteers manipulating the (un)predictability of painful stimuli and measuring perceived pain intensity and pain unpleasantness in predictable and unpredictable contexts. Because there are insufficient studies with patients, we focused on healthy volunteers. Our results did not reveal any effect of unpredictability on pain perception. However, several significant moderators were found, ie, targeted stimulus pain intensity, expected pain intensity, and state negative affectivity. Trait negative affectivity and uncontrollability showed no significant effect, presumably because of the low number of included studies. Thus, further investigation is necessary to clearly determine their role in unpredictable pain perception.
Cluster decomposition-based anomaly detection for rare cell identification in single-cell expression data
Authors: Xu Yunpei , Wang Shaokai , Li Hong-Dong , Feng Qilong , Li Yaohang , Wang Jianxin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have been widely used to characterize cellular landscapes in complex tissues. Large-scale single-cell transcriptomics holds great potential for identifying rare cell types critical to the pathogenesis of diseases and biological processes. Existing methods for identifying rare cell types often rely on one-time clustering using partial or global gene expression. However, these rare cell types may be overlooked in the initial clustering step, making them difficult to distinguish. In this paper, we propose a Cluster decomposition-based Anomaly Detection method (scCAD), which iteratively decomposes clusters based on the most differential signals in each cluster to effectively separate rare cell types and achieve accurate identification. We benchmark scCAD on 25 real-world scRNA-seq datasets, demonstrating its superior performance compared to 10 state-of-the-art methods. In-depth case studies across diverse datasets, including mouse airway, brain, intestine, human pancreas, immunology data, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma, showcase scCAD’s efficiency in identifying rare cell types in complex biological scenarios. Furthermore, scCAD can correct the annotation of rare cell types and identify immune cell subtypes associated with disease, providing new insights into disease progression.
MARK2/MARK3 kinases are catalytic co-dependencies of YAP/TAZ in human cancer
Authors: Klingbeil Olaf , Skopelitis Damianos , Tonelli Claudia , Alpsoy Aktan , Minicozzi Francesca , Aggarwal Disha , Russo Suzanne , Ha Taehoon , Demerdash Osama E. , Spector David L. , Tuveson David A. , Cifani Paolo , Vakoc Christopher R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Hippo signaling pathway is commonly dysregulated in human cancer, which leads to a powerful tumor dependency on the YAP/TAZ transcriptional coactivators. Here, we used paralog co-targeting CRISPR screens to identify the kinases MARK2/3 as absolute catalytic requirements for YAP/TAZ function in diverse carcinoma and sarcoma contexts. Underlying this observation is direct MARK2/3-dependent phosphorylation of NF2 and YAP/TAZ, which effectively reverses the tumor suppressive activity of the Hippo module kinases LATS1/2. To simulate targeting of MARK2/3, we adapted the CagA protein fromH. pylorias a catalytic inhibitor of MARK2/3, which we show exerts anti-tumor activityin vivo. Together, these findings reveal MARK2/3 as powerful co-dependencies of YAP/TAZ in human cancer; targets that may allow for pharmacology that restores Hippo pathway-mediated tumor suppression.
Early diagnosis of transthyretin amyloidosis by detection of monomers in plasma microsamples using a protein crystal-based assay
Authors: Costa-Rodrigues Diogo , Leite José P. , Saraiva Maria João , Almeida Maria Rosário , Gales Luís 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmyloid diseases are frequently associated with the appearance of an aberrant form of a protein, whose detection enables early diagnosis. In the case of transthyretin amyloidosis, the aberrant protein – the monomers – constitute the smallest species of the amyloid cascade, which creates engineering opportunities for sensing that remain virtually unexplored. Here, a two-step assay is devised, combining molecular sieving and immunodetection, for quantification of circulating monomeric transthyretin in the plasma. It is shown that mesoporous crystals built from biomolecules can selectively uptake transthyretin monomers up to measurable quantities. Furthermore, it was found that the use of endogenous molecules to produce the host framework drastically reduces unspecific adsorption of plasma proteins at the crystal surface, a feature that was observed with metal-organic frameworks. The assay was used to analyse plasma microsamples of patients and healthy controls. It shows a significant increase in the levels of monomeric transthyretin in the patients, proving its usefulness to establish the monomers as soluble and non-invasive marker of the disease. In addition, the assay can evaluate transthyretin stabilizers, an emergent strategy that broadened the treatment approach to the disease. Sensing the initial event of the transthyretin amyloid cascade with the proposed assay can make the difference for early diagnosis and eliminate the currently adopted invasive biopsies modalities for detection of the final products of the aggregation pathway.
What does it take to make progress in a disease?
Authors: Ringel Michael S. , Dethier Julie , Davitt Michelle J. , Denslow Maria , Fowler R. Andrew , Hasenfuss Sebastian C. , Schulze Ulrik 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate what conditions need to be in place to make progress in combating a disease using a case-control design: we compare cases (diseases with a successful therapy) to controls (diseases without a successful therapy). We find five conditions (“hurdles”) must typically be cleared for success: (A) understanding of biological drivers, (B) ability to modulate biology, (C) availability of translational models, (D1) ability to identify patients, and (D2) ability to measure clinical response. This framework is similar to ones deployed to evaluate individual drug candidates but is employed here to make inferences about entire diseases. It can be used to identify diseases most ready for progress, where efforts should be focused to make progress in diseases that are currently intractable, and where the industry could benefit from development of tools to address the hurdle that is most commonly the last to be cleared across diseases—namely, (C) translational models.
Enlighting the toxinological dark matter of spider venom enzymes
Authors: Dresler Josephine , Herzig Volker , Vilcinskas Andreas , Lüddecke Tim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSpiders produce highly adapted venoms featuring a complex mixture of biomolecules used mainly for hunting and defense. The most prominent components are peptidic neurotoxins, which have been the focus of research and drug development, whereas venom enzymes have been largely neglected. Nevertheless, investigation of venom enzymes not only reveals insights into their biological functions, but also provides templates for future industrial applications. Here we compared spider venom enzymes contained in the VenomZone database and in other publicly available proteo-transcriptomic datasets. We found extensive discrepancies between these sources, revealing a previously unrecognized abundance and diversity of venom enzymes. Furthermore, we assigned the reported enzymes to cellular processes and known venom functions, including toxicity, prey pre-digestion, venom preservation, venom component activation, and venom spreading factors. Our study reveals a gap between databases and publications in terms of enzyme coverage which impedes development of new applications based on the rich and diverse spectrum of enzymes contained in spider venom.
Drought influences the fungal community structure, diversity, and functionality inhabiting the grapevine xylem and enhances the abundance ofPhaeomoniella chlamydospora
Authors: Leal C. , Bujanda R. , Carbone M. J. , Kiss T. , Eichmeier A. , Gramaje D. , Maldonado-González M. M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTThe productivity of grapevines in Mediterranean regions faces significant threats from global warming, which may intensify competition for water resources. Recent research highlights the impact of water deficit on the root-associated microbiota of grapevines, particularly organisms capable of mitigating abiotic and biotic stressors. This study explores the influence of drought on the structure, diversity, and functionality of xylem- inhabiting fungal communities of grapevine, with a focus on the fungal pathogenPhaeomoniella chlamydosporaassociated with esca and Petri diseases. One-year-old grapevine rootlings grown under greenhouse conditions were subjected to three water regimes: severe water deficit (SWD) at 25% of field capacity, moderate water deficit (MWD) at 50% of field capacity, and no water deficit (AWD) at 100% of field capacity. Wood samples were non-destructively collected before planting (t0) and one (t1) and two (t2) growing seasons after planting from the bottom, medium, and apical parts of the rootstock. Fungal composition andP. chlamydosporaabundance were assessed using ITS high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTAS) and droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR), respectively. The induced water stress not only altered the diversity and composition of the fungal microbiome in the xylem vessels but also affected co- occurrence networks, resulting in less complex networks with fewer correlations between taxa, potentially increasing grapevine vulnerability to various biotic and abiotic stresses. SWD significantly reduced microbial diversity, leading to a shift in the abundance of pathotrophs such asP. chlamydosporain the xylem. This underscores the interconnectedness between water stress, microbiome dynamics, and plant health. The combination of compromised plant defenses, altered physiological conditions, and shifts in the surrounding microbial community may create conditions conducive to increasedP. chlamydosporaabundance in the xylem vessels of young vines following water stress.
Yashram Lifestyle Brands Pvt Ltd: strategizing for omnichannel approach
Authors: D Tamizharasi , Singh Padmalini 
Published: February 2024

Learning outcomes
After completion of the case study, the students will be able to illustrate issues in offline marketing and strategy for an in-store business, familiarize students with the challenges involved in the decision-making in integrating online and offline marketing strategies, evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of online and offline marketing and motivate students to apply marketing strategies to real-world business situations

Case overview/synopsis
Deepa Kumar, the founder of Yashram Lifestyle, had successfully built a niche brand with a strong online presence in the lingerie industry. Yashram Lifestyle was known for its innovative products and commitment to addressing the real-life vulnerabilities faced by women at different stages of life. With a vision to be a one-stop destination for all intimate and practical needs of women and girls, Yashram had introduced unique products such as period panties, starter bras, incontinence underwear and hygiene panties. On the contrary, Kumar acknowledged that offline marketing strategies, such as pop-up stores, collaborations with physical retailers and participation in industry events, could provide valuable insights into customer preferences, enhance brand visibility and foster direct customer engagement. Offline channels might also enable Yashram Lifestyle to better understand the market dynamics and further drive product innovation. However, owing to the associated costs, logistics and potential risks, Kumar was apprehensive about venturing into offline marketing. She wondered whether Yashram Lifestyle had the necessary assets and expertise to successfully scale up its operations while making these alternate decisions. Furthermore, she questioned herself whether offline marketing efforts would be worth the investment and whether they could lead to substantial growth and increased market share for Yashram Lifestyle.

Complexity academic level
The purpose of this case study is to provoke critical thought among undergraduate and postgraduate business and management students about Kumar’s potential course of action for Yashram Lifestyle to engage in offline marketing. It applies to the implementation of marketing strategy.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.
Retrospective observational study of aged care facility residents presenting to ED post fall: A case for person‐centred shared decision making
Authors: Nash Terry , MacRae Nicola , Pitt Daniel , Bennetts Casey , Scanlan Alyce , Eley Robert 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveIdentify the incidence of intracranial haemorrhage in people from residential aged care facilities following falls who had a CT head performed. The secondary objectives were to identify predictor variables for intracranial haemorrhage to inform person‐centred shared decision making.MethodsRetrospective chart review of aged care residents who presented to ED with a triage of fall. Documented evidence of vomiting, headache, external signs of head injury, deviation from baseline neurology and the presence of anticoagulation or antiplatelet agents was reviewed. The rates of CT head, intracranial haemorrhage, emergent interventions, disposition and mortality were assessed.ResultsOf the 2546 presentations, 1732 (68.0%) had a CT head and intracranial haemorrhage was found in 76 (4.4%) patients. External signs of head injury and deviation from neurological baseline have a strong association with intracranial haemorrhage in 26 (22.2%) patients, only 4 (0.61%) patients with intracranial haemorrhage had neither. There was a strong association between these clinical features and identification of intracranial haemorrhage on CT head. Anticoagulation and antiplatelet use had no association with intracranial haemorrhage. A 30‐day mortality was increased in patients with deviation from neurological baseline. No neurosurgical intervention was performed, and there was inconsistent advice regarding anticoagulation or antiplatelet agents.ConclusionsDeviation from neurological baseline or external signs of head injury may be predictors of intracranial haemorrhage. Vomiting, headache, anticoagulation or antiplatelets were not associated with intracranial haemorrhage. A person‐centred decision‐making approach, that is informed by treatment options could better guide clinicians on when to order a CT head after a fall.
Novel Ti surface coated with PVA hydrogel and chitosan nanoparticles with antibacterial drug release: An experimental in vitro study
Authors: Carrazco Ávila Pablo Yael , Arias Moliz Teresa , Rosales Leal Juan Ignacio , Baca Pilar , Rodríguez Valverde Miguel Ángel , Morales Hernandez María Encarnación 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of this study were to design a novel titanium surface coated with a PVA hydrogel matrix and chitosan‐based nanoparticles and to investigate the antibiotic release and its ability to inhibit microbial activity.MethodsTwo drug delivery systems were developed and mixed. Chitosan‐based nanoparticles (NP) and a polyvinyl alcohol film (PVA). The size, ζ‐potential, stability, adhesive properties, and encapsulation profile of NP, as well as the release kinetics of drug delivery systems and their antimicrobial ability of PVA and PVANP films, were studied on Ti surfaces. The systems were loaded with doxycycline, vancomycin, and doxepin hydrochloride.ResultsNanoparticles presented a ζ‐potential greater than 30 mV for 45 days and the efficiency drug encapsulation was 26.88% ± 1.51% for doxycycline, 16.09% ± 10.24% for vancomycin and 17.57% ± 11.08% for doxepin. In addition, PVA films were loaded with 125 μg/mL of doxycycline, 125 μg/mL of vancomycin, and 100 μg/mL of doxepin. PVANP‐doxycycline achieved the antibacterial effect at 4 h while PVA‐doxycycline maintained its effect at 24 h.