bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘We're still here’: Misrecognition and the quest for dual identification of Roma people
Authors: Kende Anna , Sam Nariman Hadi , Ayanian Arin H. , Halabi Slieman , Ivan Claudiu , Karić Tijana , Mihić Vladimir , Nyúl Boglárka , Pántya József , da Silva Caroline , Hopkins Nick 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMisrecognition describes everyday practices that deny the autonomy of minority members to define who they are and instead impose identities that may diverge from their own sense of self. Being misrecognized is particularly relevant for the historically marginalized Roma people, whose national belonging is repeatedly questioned despite centuries of co‐existence and citizenship. Our aim was to understand whether the experience of misrecognition, along with discrimination, would predict identification patterns that represent an obstacle to dual identification among Roma people in three East‐Central European countries: Hungary, Romania and Serbia. We collected data among Roma participants online and face‐to‐face with convenience sampling (N = 1,325). Latent class analysis revealed three similar classes based on national and ethnic identification scores in all subsamples: (1) disidentification, (2) Roma identification and (3) dual identification. Logistic regression analysis showed that misrecognition and discrimination predicted stronger Roma identity than dual identification in Hungary and Serbia. However, misrecognition predicted stronger dual identification in Romania, possibly as a reaffirmation strategy in response to misrecognition. Our results show that misrecognition can add to our understanding of minority group members' identification with the superordinate category of the nation as well as subgroup ethnic minority identity, and this connection could be key for advancing Roma inclusion.
Cell viability and cytotoxicity assays: Biochemical elements and cellular compartments
Authors: Khalef Lefsih , Lydia Radja , Filicia Khettar , Moussa Berkoud 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCell viability and cytotoxicity assays play a crucial role in drug screening and evaluating the cytotoxic effects of various chemicals. The quantification of cell viability and proliferation serves as the cornerstone for numerous in vitro assays that assess cellular responses to external factors. In the last decade, several studies have developed guidelines for defining and interpreting cell viability and cytotoxicity based on morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. As this domain continues to experience ongoing growth, revealing new mechanisms orchestrating diverse cell cytotoxicity pathways, we suggest a revised classification for multiple assays employed in evaluating cell viability and cell death. This classification is rooted in the cellular compartment and/or biochemical element involved, with a specific focus on mechanistic and essential aspects of the process. The assays are founded on diverse cell functions, encompassing metabolic activity, enzyme activity, cell membrane permeability and integrity, adenosine 5′‐triphosphate content, cell adherence, reduction equivalents, dye inclusion or exclusion, constitutive protease activity, colony formation, DNA fragmentation and nuclear splitting. These assays present straightforward, reliable, sensitive, reproducible, cost‐effective, and high‐throughput approaches for appraising the effects of newly formulated chemotherapeutic biomolecules on the cell survival during the drug development process.
A Quantitative Method to Distinguish Cytosolic from Endosome‐Trapped Cell‐Penetrating Peptides
Authors: Illien Françoise , Bánóczi Zoltán , Sagan Sandrine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCell‐penetrating peptides are known to penetrate cells through endocytosis and translocation. The two pathways are hardly distinguished in current cell assays. We developed a reliable, simple and robust method to distinguish and quantify independently the two routes. The assay requires (DABCYL) 4‐(dimethylaminoazo)benzene‐4‐carboxylic acid‐ and (CF) carboxyfluorescein‐labeled peptides. When the labeled peptide is intact, the fluorescence signal is weak thanks to the dark quenching property of DABCYL. A 10‐fold higher fluorescence signal is measured when the labeled peptide is degraded. By referring to a standard fluorescent curve according to the concentration of the hydrolyzed peptide, we have access to the internalized peptide quantity. Therefore, cell lysis after internalization permits to determine the total quantity of intracellular peptide. The molecular state of the internalized peptide (intact or degraded), depends on its location in cells (cytosol vs endo‐lysosomes), and can be blocked by boiling cells. This boiling step results indeed in denaturation and inhibition of the cellular enzymes. The advantage of this method is the possibility to quantify translocation at 37 °C and to compare it to the 4 °C condition, where all endocytosis processes are inhibited. We found that ranking of the translocation efficacy is DABCYL‐R6‐(ϵCF)K≫DABCYL‐R4‐(ϵCF)K≥CF‐R9.
Acquired methemoglobinemia due to nitrobenzene poisoning: An unusual acquaintance
Authors: Bhatta Sunil , Awasthi Pusp Raj 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageNitrobenzene poisoning is a rare yet life‐threatening contention. The ensuing acute methemoglobinemia has a high fatality rate, hence early prompt intervention is required. Methylene blue (intravenous or oral) and ascorbic acid are the cornerstones of management. They must be administered to suspected patients without tardiness.AbstractAn aromatic organic chemical used in paints and the printing industry is nitrobenzene. Its poisoning causes potentially fatal methemoglobinemia. One aspect of its management involves reducing the iron moiety from its ferric to ferrous form by administering intravenous methylene blue. A 23‐year‐old man who had deliberately consumed nitrobenzene presented to us with a history of headache and vomiting. He was diagnosed to have methemoglobinemia on the basis of clinical grounds and was managed successfully with intravenous methylene blue and vitamin C.
A Population Pharmacokinetic Assessment of the Effect of Food on Selumetinib in Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1‐Related Plexiform Neurofibromas and Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Zuo Peiying , Arefayene Million , Pan Wei‐Jian , Freshwater Tomoko , Monteleone Jonathan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSelumetinib is clinically used for pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and symptomatic, inoperable plexiform neurofibromas. Until recently, selumetinib had to be taken twice daily, after 2 hours of fasting and followed by 1 hour of fasting, which could be inconvenient. This population analysis evaluated the effect of low‐ and high‐fat meals on the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of selumetinib and its active metabolite N‐desmethyl selumetinib. The dataset comprised 511 subjects from 15 clinical trials who received ≥1 dose of selumetinib and provided ≥1 measurable postdose concentration of selumetinib and N‐desmethyl selumetinib. A 2‐compartment model with sequential 0‐ and 1st‐order delayed absorption and 1st‐order elimination adequately described selumetinib PK characteristics. A 1‐compartment model reasonably described N‐desmethyl selumetinib PK characteristics over time simultaneously with selumetinib. Selumetinib geometric mean area under the concentration–time curve ratio (1‐sided 90% confidence interval [CI] lower bound) was 76.9% (73.3%) with a low‐fat meal and 79.3% (76.3%) with a high‐fat meal versus fasting. The lower bound of the 1‐sided 90% CI demonstrated a difference of <30% between fed and fasted states. Considering the flat exposure‐response relationship within the dose range (20‐30 mg/m2), the observed range of exposure, and the variability in the SPRINT trial, this was not considered clinically relevant.
Association of Three Novel Inflammatory Markers: Lymphocyte to HDL‐C Ratio, High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein to HDL‐C Ratio and High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein to Lymphocyte Ratio With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Kolahi Ahari Rana , Akbari Nazanin , Babaeepoor Negin , Fallahi Zahra , Saffar Soflaei Sara , Ferns Gordon , Ebrahimi Mahmoud , Moohebati Mohsen , Esmaily Habibollah , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe aimed to compare the association of three novel inflammatory indicators with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) cohort participants.MethodsAccording to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, the cohort participants were divided into the MetS(+) and MetS(−) groups. The lymphocyte to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) ratio (LHR), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) to HDL‐C ratio (HCHR) and hs‐CRP to lymphocyte ratio (HCLR) were calculated and were compared between the groups. Binary logistic regression (LR) analysis was performed to find the association of the indices with the presence of MetS among men and women. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to establish cut‐off values in predicting MetS for men and women. p‐Values <0.05 were considered as statistically significant.ResultsAmong a total of 8890 participants (5500 MetS(−) and 3390 MetS(+)), LHR, HCHR and HCLR were significantly higher in the MetS(+) group than in MetS(−) group (p < 0.001). In LR analysis, after adjusting for multiple cofounders, LHR remained an independent factor for the presence of MetS among men (OR: 1.254; 95% CI: 1.202–1.308; p < 0.001) and women (OR: 1.393; 95% CI: 1.340–1.448; p < 0.001). HCHR also remained an independent factor for the presence of MetS only in women (OR: 1.058; 95% CI: 1.043–1.073; p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that LHR had the higher AUC for predicting MetS in both men (AUC: 0.627; 95% CI: 0.611–0.643; p < 0.001) and women (AUC: 0.683; 95% CI: 0.670, 0.696; p < 0.001).ConclusionThis suggests that among both genders, the LHR as an inexpensive and easy‐to‐access marker has a better diagnostic performance and could be a promising alternative to the traditional expensive inflammatory markers such as hs‐CRP for the evaluation of inflammation in patients with MetS.
Predominance of M2 macrophages in organized thrombi in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients
Authors: Koudstaal Thomas , van den Bosch Thierry , Bergen Ingrid , Lila Karishma , Bresser Paul , Bogaard Harm Jan , Boomars Karin , Hendriks Rudi , von der Thüsen Jan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a debilitating disease characterized by thrombotic occlusion of pulmonary arteries and vasculopathy, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and progressive right‐sided heart failure. Thrombotic lesions in CTEPH contain CD68+ macrophages, and increasing evidence supports their role in disease pathogenesis. Macrophages are classically divided into pro‐inflammatory M1 macrophages and anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages, which are involved in wound healing and tissue repair. Currently, the phenotype of macrophages and their localization within thrombotic lesions of CTEPH are largely unknown. In our study, we subclassified thrombotic lesions of CTEPH patients into developing fresh thrombi (FT) and organized thrombi (OT), based on the degree of fibrosis and remodeling. We used multiplex immunofluorescence histology to identify immune cell infiltrates in thrombotic lesions of CPTEH patients. Utilizing software‐assisted cell detection and quantification, increased proportions of macrophages were observed in immune cell infiltrates of OT lesions, compared with FT. Strikingly, the proportions with a CD206+INOS− M2 phenotype were significantly higher in OT than in FT, which mainly contained unpolarized macrophages. Taken together, we observed a shift from unpolarized macrophages in FT toward an expanded population of M2 macrophages in OT, indicating a dynamic role of macrophages during CTEPH pathogenesis.
Considering momentum spillover effects via graph neural network in option pricing
Authors: Wang Yao , Zhao Jingmei , Li Qing , Wei Xiangyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTraditional options pricing relies on underlying asset volatility and contract properties. However, asset volatility is affected by the “lead–lag effects,” known as the “momentum spillover effect.” To address this, we propose a proxy measuring correlated options' influence based on maturity date. Findings indicate that 1‐day‐lagged proxy indicators positively impact option returns. Furthermore, to capture the dynamic effects of correlated options, we introduce a deep graph neural network‐based model (GNN‐MS). Empirical results on Shanghai Stock Exchange 50 exchange‐traded fund options reveal GNN‐MS significantly outperforms classics, enhancing root‐mean‐square error by at least 8.81%. This study provides novel insights into option pricing considering momentum spillover effects.
Comparative analysis of glymphatic system alterations in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder using MRI indices from diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Kim Minchul , Hwang Inpyeong , Park Jung Hyun , Chung Jin Wook , Kim Sung Min , Kim Ji‐hoon , Choi Kyu Sung 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe glymphatic system is a glial‐based perivascular network that promotes brain metabolic waste clearance. Glymphatic system dysfunction has been observed in both multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), indicating the role of neuroinflammation in the glymphatic system. However, little is known about how the two diseases differently affect the human glymphatic system. The present study aims to evaluate the diffusion MRI‐based measures of the glymphatic system by contrasting MS and NMOSD.MethodsThis prospective study included 63 patients with NMOSD (n = 21) and MS (n = 42) who underwent DTI. The fractional volume of extracellular‐free water (FW) and an index of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) along the perivascular space (DTI–ALPS) were used as indirect indicators of water diffusivity in the interstitial extracellular and perivenous spaces of white matter, respectively. Age and EDSS scores were adjusted.ResultsUsing Bayesian hypothesis testing, we show that the present data substantially favor the null model of no differences between MS and NMOSD for the diffusion MRI‐based measures of the glymphatic system. The inclusion Bayes factor (BF10) of model‐averaged probabilities of the group (MS, NMOSD) was 0.280 for FW and 0.236 for the ALPS index.ConclusionTogether, these findings suggest that glymphatic alteration associated with MS and NMOSD might be similar and common as an eventual result, albeit the disease etiologies differ.Practitioner Points
Previous literature indicates important glymphatic system alteration in MS and NMOSD.
We explore the difference between MS and NMOSD using diffusion MRI‐based measures of the glymphatic system.
We show support for the null hypothesis of no difference between MS and NMOSD.
This suggests that glymphatic alteration associated with MS and NMOSD might be similar and common etiology.
A case of testicular tumor and respiratory failure caused by choriocarcinoma syndrome managed through modified chemotherapy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Shiraiwa Tetsuro , Katayama Hiromichi , Iwasaki Yudai , Kimura Shingo , Satake Yohei , Sato Takuma , Kawasaki Yoshihide , Kawamorita Naoki , Yamashita Shinichi , Ito Akihiro 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionChoriocarcinoma syndrome with multiple lung metastases has a poor prognosis and causes respiratory failure due to alveolar hemorrhage. We encountered a case where the introduction of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation effectively sustained oxygenation until chemotherapy took effect on lung metastases of testicular tumors.Case presentationA 35‐year‐old man with dyspnea was referred to our hospital. He showed left testicular tumor with multiple lung metastases. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin level was also elevated. Reduced chemotherapy was initiated and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was administered because of low oxygen levels on the fourth day. Chemotherapy successfully reduced the size of the lung masses, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was discontinued. Respiratory status improved substantially, but the patient died of brain metastases 4 months later.ConclusionExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be a useful option for managing respiratory failure resulting from choriocarcinoma syndrome until the respiratory condition is improved by chemotherapy for testicular tumors.
Preoperative oral treatment with cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor for cystitis glandularis
Authors: Yanagi Masato , Motoda Norio , Katsu Akifumi , Kono Hiroyoshi , Kimata Ryoji , Hamasaki Tsutomu , Kondo Yukihiro 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionA previous report has shown that cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors can prevent the recurrence of cystitis glandularis postoperatively. Herein, we present a case of cystitis glandularis in which the tumor volume was markedly reduced by preoperative oral administration of a cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor.Case presentationA 45‐year‐old man with voiding difficulty and lower abdominal pain during urination was referred to our hospital. Cystoscopy revealed multiple cystitis glandularis‐like edematous masses on the trigone and the neck of the bladder, completely involving the bilateral ureteral orifices. Cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor was orally administered at the patient's request. Six weeks later, the tumor volume was markedly reduced, bilateral ureteral orifices were identified, and the voiding difficulty and pain on urination disappeared. Complete transurethral resection of the residual tumor was performed, and the pathological diagnosis was intestinal‐type cystitis glandularis.ConclusionCyclooxygenase‐2 inhibition can be considered a useful therapeutic strategy for cystitis glandularis.
Osteosarcoma cell death induced by innovative scaffolds doped with chemotherapeutics
Authors: Lanzillotti Carmen , Iaquinta Maria Rosa , De Pace Raffaella , Mosaico Maria , Patergnani Simone , Giorgi Carlotta , Tavoni Marta , Dapporto Massimiliano , Sprio Simone , Tampieri Anna , Montesi Monica , Martini Fernanda , Mazzoni Elisa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) cancer treatments include systemic chemotherapy and surgical resection. In the last years, novel treatment approaches have been proposed, which employ a drug‐delivery system to prevent offside effects and improves treatment efficacy. Locally delivering anticancer compounds improves on high local concentrations with more efficient tumour‐killing effect, reduced drugs resistance and confined systemic effects. Here, the synthesis of injectable strontium‐doped calcium phosphate (SrCPC) scaffold was proposed as drug delivery system to combine bone tissue regeneration and anticancer treatment by controlled release of methotrexate (MTX) and doxorubicin (DOX), coded as SrCPC‐MTX and SrCPC‐DOX, respectively. The drug‐loaded cements were tested in an in vitro model of human OS cell line SAOS‐2, engineered OS cell line (SAOS‐2‐eGFP) and U2‐OS. The ability of doped scaffolds to induce OS cell death and apoptosis was assessed analysing cell proliferation and Caspase‐3/7 activities, respectively. To determine if OS cells grown on doped‐scaffolds change their migratory ability and invasiveness, a wound‐healing assay was performed. In addition, the osteogenic potential of SrCPC material was evaluated using human adipose derived‐mesenchymal stem cells. Osteogenic markers such as (i) the mineral matrix deposition was analysed by alizarin red staining; (ii) the osteocalcin (OCN) protein expression was investigated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay test, and (iii) the osteogenic process was studied by real‐time polymerase chain reaction array. The delivery system induced cell‐killing cytotoxic effects and apoptosis in OS cell lines up to Day 7. SrCPC demonstrates a good cytocompatibility and it induced upregulation of osteogenic genes involved in the skeletal development pathway, together with OCN protein expression and mineral matrix deposition. The proposed approach, based on the local, sustained release of anticancer drugs from nanostructured biomimetic drug‐loaded cements is promising for future therapies aiming to combine bone regeneration and anticancer local therapy.
Effect of coal gasification coarse slag on soil water and nutrition at an arid opencast coal mine site in Northwest China
Authors: Li Xiaonan , Zhang Kai , Bao Kaikai , Zhao Jiangang , Wang Xiaoyuan , Tang Yuwei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThough amendment using coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS) has garnered attention, the intrinsic mechanism of how CGCS, a glassy material, works to amend physicochemical properties in the soil is not yet clear. This study aimed to analyze the effects of different CGCS particle sizes on soil water infiltration and nutrient retention, and to identify the relationship between the physicochemical properties of the amended soil and the water nutrient amendment. The continuous infiltration pattern of soil water and plant growth after the amendment was measured using an indoor continuous dynamic soil column simulation experiment and a field pot experiment of CGCS with different particle sizes (0.25, 1, and 2 mm). The CGCS amendment loosened the soil, improved the pore channels, and amended the water infiltration. However, this process was negatively correlated with CGCS particle size. The Kostiakov performed better in simulating soil water infiltration of heterogeneous dump soil. The CGCS amendment had no heavy metal risk and promoted plant growth. Though amendment enhanced nutrients, in terms of soil organic matter (SOM), the presence of C must be verified by a long team of nutrient cycling if it can be transformed into accessible SOM. Therefore, CGCS amended water nutrition by amending the soil's physical structure. Soil pore adsorption improved water nutrient availability and had a positive effect on chemical properties, which promoted crop growth. The amendment effect was greatest at 0.25 mm particle size.