bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum thyroglobulin, its autoantibody and thyroid stimulating antibodies in the endocrine exophthalmos
Authors: Rasmussen Ulla Feldt , Kemp Axel , Bech Karine , Madsen Stig Nistrup , Date John 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Serum concentrations of thyroglobulin, its antibody, and thyroid stimulating antibodies were studied in 32 patients referred to a department of eye-diseases for exophthalmos. Twenty-three of the patients were or had been medically treated for Graves' disease, one had toxic nodular goitre, one subclinical myxoedema, three euthyroid exophthalmos and four were shown to have non-endocrine eye-disease.
In patients with medically treated Graves' disease serum thyroglobulin was significantly elevated (P < 0.02), the still toxic patients accounting for the highest values. Both thyroid stimulating and thyroglobulin antibodies were detectable in 4 of 18 patients. The rest of the patients had normal concentrations of thyroglobulin and undetectable thyroid stimulating antibodies, but 3 patients had measurable thyroglobulin antibodies. In Graves' patients there was no correlation between serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating antibodies and thyroglobulin, and no clear difference between the frequency of thyroid stimulating or thyroglobulin antibodies in the patients with persistent elevation of circulating thyroid hormones and those remaining euthyroid.
A relation between the thyroid autoantibodies, thyroglobulin and the thyroid hormonal level or severity of the exophthalmic state could not be demonstrated.
It is suggested that hyperthyroidism and exophthalmos are separate disorders, and immunological phenomena probably involved in the pathogenesis of exophthalmos associated with Graves' disease appear to be reflected only locally.
Altered serum levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronines and diiodothyronines in endogenous depression
Authors: Kirkegaard C. , Faber J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Serum levels of thyroxine (T4), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3), 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2), 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2) and 3',5'-diiodothyronine (3',5'-T2) were studied in 80 patients with endogenous depression before and after electroconvulsive treatment (ECT). Compared to the values found after recovery, the patients when depressed had significant increased serum levels of T4, rT3, 3,3'-T2 and 3',5'-T2. Serum concentrations of T3 and 3,5-T2 were not significantly altered. Similarly the free T4 index (FT4I) was increased, while the free T3 index (FT3I) was unaffected. Previous studies have shown a reduced TSH response to TRH in patients with endogenous depression and that the long-term outcome after ECT is strongly related to changes in the TSH response. However, patients with increased TSH response to TRH (n = 23) had a pattern of serum iodothyronine concentrations similar to those (n = 57) with an unchanged TSH response. A similar pattern was also found in 7 patients with non-endogenous psychosis, in whom the TSH response to TRH was unchanged after recovery. It is concluded that the alterations of the TSH response to TRH found in endogenous depression cannot be explained by changes of FT4I or FT3I.
Gastric peroxidase — localization, catalytic properties and possible role in extrathyroidal thyroid hormone formation
Authors: Banerjee Ranajit K. , Datta Asoke G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
A highly active peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) has been found to be localized in the mitochondria isolated from the fundic region of mouse stomach. The stomach has also the property of concentrating iodide significantly. Evidence has been presented to show that the peroxidase is orientated outside the mitochondrial membrane. The enzyme is strongly inhibited by antithyroid drugs like methimazole and thiouracil. Azide and cyanide completely inactivate the enzyme. The activity is inhibited by SH-blocking reagents like mersalyl or pchloromercuribenzene sulphonate, but not by N-ethylmaleimide. The enzyme is also sensitive to the action of some proteolytic enzymes. It can catalyse the formation of mono- or diiodotyrosine from tyrosine or monoiodotyrosine as substrate, respectively. The enzyme is capable of synthesizing thyroxine and triiodothyronine on the backbone of a protein, such as thyroglobulin or albumin.
Effects of caerulein and trypsin inhibitors on the endocrine mouse pancreas
Authors: Bonnevie-Nielsen Vagn 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Oral administration to mice with soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) (27–30 mg/mouse/day) or aprotinin (5500–6000 KIU/mouse/day) for six weeks increased the total pancreatic insulin (IRI). The pancreatic IRI was also increased after sc injections of synthetic caerulein (0.05 μg/mouse/day divided into 3 daily doses), being 82% above the control levels when expressed per g pancreas. Aprotinin (6000 KIU/mouse/day divided into 3 daily doses) injected sc had no effect on the insulin content. The total glucagon did not change significantly in any of the groups, but the molar ratio of insulin to glucagon was increased in the caerulein- and SBTI-treated mice. Caerulein-treatment led to an increased disappearance rate of glucose with k-values being 7.1 ± 0.3 compared to 6.0 ± 0.1 (mean ± sem) in the controls (P < 0.02). In islets isolated by collagenase-digestion of the pancreas and subjected to an overnight incubation, the content of insulin and glucagon was increased in islets from caerulein-treated animals. This corresponded to the results observed in the whole pancreas. The present study suggests that oral administration of proteolytic enzyme inhibitors or treatment with caerulein has a trophic effect on the endocrine pancreas. A difference in specificity seems to exist as SBTI affected both the pancreatic weight and IRI, and aprotinin orally did not influence the pancreatic weight, but increased the total content of IRI. Caerulein led to an increase in IRI, but did not affect the weight of pancreas.
Modification of pituitary-adrenal feedback sensitivity in young rats by neonatal treatment with cortisol
Authors: Erskine M. S. , Geller Edward , Yuwiler Arthur 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Neonatal exposure of rats to cortisol acetate was found to alter pituitary-adrenal feedback regulation at 20–25 days of age. Plasma levels of adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) after ether stress were reduced in cortisol-treated rats pre-treated with 100 μg corticosterone/100 g body weight, while rats given vehicle neonatally did not show suppression of the ACTH response below levels in animals given saline only or not injected as pre-treatments. Neonatal cortisol increased sensitivity to dexamethasone in inhibition of the stress response; cortisol-treated animals had a reduced plasma corticosterone response to stress 3 h after pre-treatment with 1.25, 2.5, 25, or 250 μg dexamethasone/100 g body weight, while the stress response in animals given vehicle neonatally was not inhibited by the lowest dosage of dexamethasone. Neonatal cortisol treatment did not affect corticosteroidbinding globulin (CBG) binding capacity in plasma of 25-day-old animals. Thus, neonatal treatment with cortisol appears to increase feedback sensitivity to circulating corticosteroids at 20–25 days of age.
Study on immunoreactive prolactin of decidua in early pregnancy
Authors: Kubota Toshiro , Kumasaka Takahiro , Yaoi Yoshimasa , Suzuki Akira , Saito Motoi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In order to investigate the source of prolactin in amniotic fluid, immunoreactive-prolactin (IR-Prl) of decidua and villi was measured in 40 cases of early pregnancy, and analyzed by gel filtration. The IR-Prl release from these tissues was also observed in an incubation experiment.
The decidua of 8 weeks of gestation contained the highest amount of IR-Prl, 81.06 ± 2.13 ng/0.1 g dry weight. In the incubation experiment, the decidua of 12 weeks of gestation released 360.35 ± 10.54 ng/0.1 g wet weight in 120 min. In regard to the villi, the IR-Prl concentration was low.
In the profile of column chromatogram of decidua, a peak of small-Prl was observed, and the pattern of IR-Prl was similar to that of pituitary Prl. Furthermore, the IR-Prl profile was not distinguishable from the hPL fraction, but the IR-Prl and hCG profile were different from each other in the chromatogram of the extracted samples of decidua. So we concluded that the source of the Prl was decidua at least in early gestational stage.
In vitro effects of various metabolic inhibitors on the formation of inactive renin and the loss of renin in rabbit uterine tissue
Authors: Jørgensen Jørgen 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
A pronounced formation of renin occurs during incubation of non-pregnant uterine tissue slices in vitro. The synthesized renin appears in an enzymatically inactive form, which can be activated by acidification. Prior to incubation only a small fraction of inactive renin is present. The formation of inactive renin is blocked by puromycin and by inhibition of energy metabolism, indicating a de novo synthesis. A similar pattern of inhibition prevails the modest formation of inactive renin in post-partum uterus.
The marked loss of active renin seen during incubation of post-partum uterine tissue is partly prevented by an inhibition of energy metabolism. Potent inhibitors are iodoacetate and chloroquine. These findings are in accordance with lysosomal engagement in the inactivation of renin. Incubated kidney cortex tissue shows only a minor loss of renin during incubation. This loss is uninfluenced by attempts to block it.
Interstitial pituitary irradiation with 90Y for the treatment of acromegaly. A reappraisal
Authors: Cassar J. , Doyle F. H. , Banks Linda M. , Jadresic A. , Mashiter K. , Joplin G. F. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The management of 54 acromegalics referred to us between 1974 and 1978 has been analysed. Twenty-two patients were treated with pituitary implants of yttrium-90 (90Y). Eleven are in complete remission (mean growth hormone (GH) < 11 mIU/l), 8 had improved (mean GH 11–20 mIU/l or 50% less than pre-operatively) and 3 were poor responders. Two patients had temporary 6th nerve paresis. Seven patients are on replacement therapy. Thirty-one patients were not implanted for the following reasons with a number of patients having more than one: extension of the tumour into the sphenoid sinus 10, or above the sella 3, partially empty sella 9, internal carotids too close to midline 2, invisible landmarks 1, mild acromegaly 6, poor general health 3, declined investigations or operation 6.
It is concluded that pituitary implant of yttrium is an effective and safe form of treatment in carefully selected patients.
Protein composition in single follicles, homogenates and fine-needle aspiration biopsies from normal and diseased human thyroid
Authors: Anderberg B. , Eneström S. , Gillquist J. , Kägedal B. , Månsson J. C. , Smeds S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The protein composition of the thyroid colloid was analysed by microgel electrophoresis and densitometry in 41 euthyroid patients. The colloid samples were obtained from single follicles by micropuncture, from homogenates of microbiopsies or from aspiration biopsies. Fourteen of the patients had morphologically normal thyroid tissue, 18 had atoxic nodular goitre and 9 of the patients had atoxic adenoma. Ten of the patients with nodular goitre had prior to the investigation recieved lithium therapy for psychiatric disorders.
The main component of the thyroid colloid was 19S thyroglobulin (TG), but larger iodoproteins (S-TG) and smaller protein fractions, an albumin-like protein and a pre-albumin fraction, were also present in varying relative amounts. Analyses of homogenates of microbiopsies from normal thyroid tissue demonstrated the same protein composition as observed in single follicles.
In colloid samples from atoxic nodular goitre the lighter protein fractions were absent in most of the samples. Analyses of homogenates or aspiration biopsies could not demonstrate this alteration in the protein composition in nodular goitre. Lithium therapy resulted in a significantly lower amount of the lighter protein fractions but unchanged amounts of the globulin fractions in atoxic nodular goitre.
In the atoxic adenomas the protein composition was heterogeneous. The major globulin fractions as well as the lighter protein fractions were present in the analyses of colloids and homogenates of microbiopsies. Aspiration biopsies from atoxic adenomas could not be used for analyses of the protein composition due to contamination with serum proteins.
Biochemical changes in rat endometrium induced by oestrogens
Authors: Jelínková Marta , Jelínek J. , van der Vies J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effect of oestradiol (Oe2) or ethinyloestradiol (EOe) on several enzymes, soluble protein and DNA in the endometrium was studied in ovariectomized adult rats. The most marked effect of Oe2 was the increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). If the treatment was started on the day of ovariectomy, it took approximately 8 days to reach a constant elevation. If the administration of Oe2 was started one week after castration, the maximum response was seen after 4 days of treatment. Using the latter schedule a linear dose-reponse regression curve of LDH/DNA was obtained with λ = 0.086. This parameter is considered suitable for the comparison of the effects of different oestrogens. Administration of Oe2 for 8 days beginning on the day of ovariectomy gave no linear dose-response curve of LDH/DNA.
Administration of EOe caused a very marked increase of the specific activity of pyruvate kinase, LDH, M-type LDH and some slight, but significant decreases in isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. The changes of β-glucuronidase were only slight. The content of DNA per wet weight of endometrium decreased after oestrogen treatment, the protein content remained reasonably constant. It is concluded that, after stimulation with oestrogen, the rat endometrium produces the energy needed for its own growth mainly via anaerobic glycolysis and that the Krebs cycle plays a relatively small role.
Induction of anovulatory sterility by neonatal treatment with 5β-dihydrotestosterone in female rats
Authors: Arai Y. , Yamanouchi K. , Mizukami S. , Yanai R. , Shibata K. , Nagasawa H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Wistar female rats were injected with testosterone (T) or 5β-dihydrotestosterone (5β-DHT) for the first 5 days of life. Neonatal treatment with 1 mg of T resulted in anovulatory persistent oestrous syndrome in 100% of the animals. In the females injected with 1 mg of 5β-DHT, 74% of the treated rats became sterile at 120 days of age. In addition, 0.5 mg 5β-DHT was also effective in inducing anovulatory persistent oestrus; the incidence of sterility was 10 and 80% at 60 and 120 days of age, respectively. When daily dose of 5β-DHT was reduced to 0.1 mg, however, only 33% of the rats resulted in sterility. These results suggest that the free form of T and non-aromatizable androgen, 5β-DHT, can permanently suppress the development of female type of neuroendocrine regulation. The possible participation of the process other than the central aromatization in androgenization will be discussed.
Calcium and vitamin D metabolism in acromegaly
Authors: Lund Bjarne , Eskildsen Peter Claes , Lund Birger , Norman Anthony W. , Sørensen Ole Helmer 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Acromegalic subjects were found to have elevated serum levels of both 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D), (67 ± 22 (sd) pg/ml) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25-(OH)2D), (6.9 ± 1.5 (sd) ng/ml). The serum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D correlated positively (P < 0.02, R = 0.56) to the 24 h urinary excretion of growth hormone, but not to the serum levels of parathyroid hormone, prolactin, thyroid hormones or the urinary excretion of free cortisol. Fourteen patients were treated with bromocriptine at doses from 15–45 mg/day for a period of about 6 months. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in the urinary excretion of growth hormone and calcium and in the serum concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D and 24,25-(OH)2D. A relationship was demonstrated between the decrease in urinary calcium excretion and the decrease in serum 1,25-(OH)2D (P < 0.02, R = 0.64). It is concluded that the serum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D is elevated in acromegaly, perhaps as a consequence of a direct action of growth hormone on the renal lα-hydroxylase activity.
Total and non-dialyzable urinary hydroxyproline in acromegalics and control subjects
Authors: Halse Johan , Gordeladze Jan O. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The urinary excretion of total and non-dialyzable hydroxyproline (HYP) containing peptides has been studied in 25 patients with active acromegaly and 44 control subjects — all kept on a collagen free diet.
Acromegalics had a greater excretion of both total and non-dialyzable HYP than controls, indicating an increased turn-over of collagen/bone matrix. The amounts of total and non-dialyzable HYP excreted in acromegalics were significantly correlated to mean fasting growth hormone levels. Both acromegalics and controls exhibited a significant coupling between the excretion of total and non-dialyzable HYP.
Female control subjects demonstrated an age-dependent decrease in the excretion of both total and non-dialyzable HYP, whereas no such age-dependence could be observed in males. Age seemed to have a greater effect on the non-dialyzable fraction than on the total HYP excretion. These results may imply that collagen/bone matrix turn-over declines with age and that bone formation declines at a more rapid rate than resorption.
In acromegalics the ratio of non-dialyzable to dialyzable HYP was not significantly different from control values, indicating that although turn-over is increased the actual matrix formation rate is normal in acromegaly.
No correlation was found between serum or urinary parameters of calcium/phosphate metabolism or the urinary excretion of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and total or non-dialyzable HYP in acromegalics or controls.
Effect of low doses of continuously administered catecholoestrogens on peripheral and central target organs
Authors: Ball Peter , Emons Günter , Gethmann Ulrich 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Osmotic minipumps containing low doses of either 4-hydroxyoestradiol or 2-hydroxyoestradiol2) were sc implanted for 152 h (6⅓ day) into immature male and female rats. At the end of the test period the animals were killed and the uterine weight, the vaginal opening, the gonadotrophin serum levels and the gonadal weight monitored.
The following results were obtained: 1) a significant increase in the uterine weight and a consistent vaginal opening were observed after 4-hydroxyoestradiol but not after 2-hydroxyoestradiol treatment, 2) LH-levels increased after 2-hydroxyoestradiol but not after 4-hydroxyoestradiol; the increase was, however, not significant, 3) FSH-levels and gonadal weights were lowered by 4-hydroxyoestradiol treatment in male animals only; 2-hydroxyoestradiol had no effect on FSH-levels in both sexes, 4) in no instance an antioestrogenic effect of either catecholoestrogen was observed.
It is concluded that 4-hydroxyoestrogens — using the above paradigm — have a significant importance on uterine growth and vaginal opening but (on day 6) no role on LH-release, whereas 2-hydroxyoestrogens may increase LH levels (on day 6) but are nearly ineffective with respect to peripheral parameters.
The effect of growth hormone on the plasma levels of T4, free-T4, T3, reverse T3 and TBG in hypopituitary patients
Authors: Gács G. , Bános Cs. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (free-T4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), TSH and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) were measured in 19 children suffering from idiopathic growth hormone deficiency. Blood was taken before and one month after growth hormone treatment. Ten patients were hypothyroid (group 1) and 9 were euthyroid (group 2). The basal T3 and rT3 levels correlated well with the T4 concentrations. Free-T4 levels were very low in all the hypothyroid patients and proved to be the most reliable index of TSH deficiency. TBG concentration was high in the hypopituitary patients regardless of their thyroid function.
Following growth hormone treatment T4, free-T4 and rT3 levels fell in both groups. The T3 concentration rose in group 1 but no change was seen in group 2. There was a significant correlation between the changes of T4 and T3, such that the increase in T3 level was greatest in those with only a slight reduction of T4 concentration and no T3 increase was seen with more marked T4 decreases.
The plasma TBG concentration is enhanced in growth hormone deficiency causing relatively high T4 values. Growth hormone treatment reduces T4 secretion and affects the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones resulting in an increase of T3 and a reduction of rT3 concentration.
Regulation of TSH secretion and thyroid function in Cushing's disease
Authors: Visser TheoJ. , Lamberts Steven W. J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In 15 untreated patients with Cushing's disease the regulation of TSH secretion and thyroid function were evaluated. The maximal increment of plasma TSH to TRH was 3.8 ± 2.2 vs 8.7 ± 2.9 μU/ml (patients with Cushing's disease vs controls; mean ± sd; P < 0.001). Free thyroxine-index was 21.8 ± 5.2 vs 27.7 ± 5.0 (P < 0.001). Plasma T3 1.45 ± 0.24 vs 1.96 ± 0.32 nmol/1 (P < 0.001) and reverse T3 0.22 ± 0.05 vs 0.20 ± 0.08 nmol/l (N.S.). The maximal TSH increase in response to TRH was inversely correlated with plasma cortisol (P < 0.05).
The maximal increment of TSH to TRH and plasma T4, free T4 index and T3 are reduced in patients with Cushing's disease due to an impaired thyrotroph function. Plasma reverse T3, however, is normal which may be due to a simultaneous decrease in production and degradation.
Direct long-term effect of hydrocortisone on insulin and glucagon release from mouse pancreatic islets in tissue culture
Authors: Brunstedt J. , Nielsen J. Høiriis 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effects of glucocorticoids on the pancreatic endocrine function was studied in isolated mouse pancreatic islets maintained in tissue culture for 1 to 3 weeks. Following culture for 1 week without corticoid supplement acute experiments with hydrocortisone showed no significant effect on the glucose-induced insulin release at 10−8 to 10−5 mol/l hydrocortisone. When, however, the islets were cultured in the presence of hvdrocortisone, there was an increased insulin release to the medium in a dose-dependent manner, with the maximal effect at 10−7 mol/l hydrocortisone. The release of glucagon to the medium was not affected to the same degree, but showed a slight inhibition at increasing concentrations of hydrocortisone.
Short-term experiments after the culture period showed that islets cultured for 3 weeks in the presence of 10−7 to 10−5 mol/l hydrocortisone had an enhanced insulin secretion in response to glucose. The islets did not show any statistically significant change in their insulin- and DNA-content after 3 weeks of culture with hydrocortisone, but a marked reduction in the content of glucagon was found with increasing concentrations of hydrocortisone.
The present results suggest that physiological concentrations of hydrocortisone are of importance for mouse islets to maintain their insulin production in tissue culture.