bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Synthesis of Capped Oligoribonucleotides, m7G5′ pppAUG and m7G5′ pppAUGACC
Authors: Sekine Mitsuo , Nishiyama Shin-ichi , Kamimura Takashi , Osaki Yumi , Hata Tsujiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The fully-protected pAUG (15) and pAUGACC (21) were synthesized by the phosphotriester approach where the phenylthio group was employed as the internal and 5′-terminal phosphate-protecting groups. The partially unblocked oligomers (32) and (33), obtained by alkaline treatment of (15) and (21), were condensed with a capping reagent (1a) in the presence of imidazole by activation with silver nitrate to afford the capped trimer and hexamer protected with the acid-labile protecting groups, i.e., 4,4,′4″-trimethoxytrityl (TMTr), 4-monomethoxytrityl (MMTr), tetrahydropyran-2-yl (THP), and methoxymethylene (mM) groups. The protected capped oligomers were unblocked by a dilute HCl solution to afford m7G5′ pppAUG and m7G5′ pppAUGACC, which were purified by HPLC and characterized by enzyme assays.
Proton Transfer in the Excited State of 1- and 2-Methyl-4-amino-5H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyridin-5-one Dimers and Complexes
Authors: Fujimoto Akira , Nakamura Junko , Yamazaki Iwao , Murao Toshiro , Inuzuka Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The fluorescence rise and decay times and UV absorption spectra of 1-methyl-4-amino-5H-[1]benzopyrano-[3,4-c]pyridin-5-one (1-MBPP), 2-methyl-4-amino-5H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyridin-5-one (2-MBPP), and the 1-MBPP/acetic acid and 2-MBPP/acetic acid systems have been measured in hydrocarbon and hydroxylic solvents at room temperature and 77 K. From these data, a rapid formation of proton-transferred species (tautomers) was found to occur in an excited state for 1-MBPP (or 2-MBPP) hydrogen-bonded dimers in hydrocarbon at 77 K, and for 1-MBPP (or 2-MBPP) hydrogen-bonded complexes with acetic acid in hydrocarbon at room temperature and 77 K. The rise times of the tautomer fluorescence for the dimers and complexes were less than 65 ps. The observed fluorescence lifetimes of the 1-MBPP and 2-MBPP monomers agreed well with the lifetimes calculated using the integrated absorption intensity and fluorescence quantum yield.
Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Some Fundamental Vinyl Polymers and the Evolution of Their Electronic Structures
Authors: Xian Shang , Seki Kazuhiko , Inokuchi Hiroo , Hashimoto Shimpei , Ueno Nobuo , Sugita Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
UV photoelectron spectra were measured for polypropylene (PP), poly(vinyl fluoride) (PVF), 1,2-polybutadiene (1,2-PBD), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Their threshold ionization energies were found to be 8.5, 9.2, 7.5, 8.8, and 8.0 eV (1 eV≅0.1602 aJ), respectively. The evolution of their electronic structures (from those of small related molecules) were analyzed, mainly, by using the photoelectron spectra of these small compounds (including the new data of 1,2-propanediol). The data of previously measured polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) were analyzed together. With the results, the polymers were classified into three groups according to the increasing order of localization of the positive hole in the cationic state: (1) PE, PP, and PVF, (2) 1,2-PBD, PVC, and PVA, and (3) PS as a representative of aromatic-pendant polymers.
Spirolactone of Xanthene. II. Synthesis and Molecular Structure of 2′,5,7′-Trichlorospiro[benzofuran-3(2H),9′-[9H]xanthen]-2-one
Authors: Kimura Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title compound has been synthesized by the novel condensation reaction of p-chlorophenol with oxalic and sulfuric acids; its crystal and molecular structures have been determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The space group is C2/c. There are eight molecules of the title compound in the unit cell of dimensions a=21.316(9), b=17.267(4), c=9.158(6) Å, and β=94.05(5)°. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined by the block-diagonal least-squares method to a value of 0.088 for R using 1993 independent observed reflections with Fo&gt;3σ(Fo). The molecule possesses three phenyl rings fused to spirolactone and the dihedral angles between the phenyl rings are 73.60°, 83.60°, and 22.81°.
The Preparation and Spectral Properties of trans(CN)-[Co(CN)2(tmdda)]− and -[Co(CN)2(l-ala)2]− Complexes
Authors: Kanamori Kan , Nunomura Yoko , Takashima Masumi , Nagata Kiyonori , Kawai Kiyoyasu , Hidaka Jinsai 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
All-trans- and trans(CN),cis(N)-[Co(CN)2(l-ala)2]− and trans(CN)-[Co(CN)2(tmdda)]− were newly prepared; here, tmdda denotes trimethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetate. These complexes were characterized from their electronic absorption, NMR, and Raman spectra. The CD spectra of two trans(CN) isomers of the bis(l-alaninato) complex are also presented.
Reduction of Nitrobenzenes on Thin Aluminium Oxide Utilized in Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy
Authors: Monjushiro Hideaki , Murata Katsuo , Ikeda Shigero 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Chemical interactions between aromatic nitro compounds and thin aluminium oxide grown on aluminium film were studied by the combined use of inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). IET spectra of nitrobenzoic acids and nitrophenols show that nitro groups of these compounds are reduced on the oxide and result in the corresponding amino compounds. In this conversion reaction, oxygen atoms of nitro group are consumed for the growth of the oxide layer and hydrogen atoms of the surface hydroxyl groups are used for the amidation reaction. The intermediate of the reaction is identified to the corresponding nitroso compounds from the XPS analysis.
The Reaction of [CoL2] (L=5-Chloro- or 5-Nitro-8-quinolinolate Ion) with Nitrogen Monoxide
Authors: Miki Eiichi , Ishimaru Kazuomi , Mizumachi Kunihiko , Ishimori Tatsujiro , Tanaka Mikio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
[CoL2]·nH2O (L=5-chloro-8-quinolinolate ion, n=4; L=5-nitro-8-quinolinolate ion, n=5) reacted with nitrogen monoxide in CH2Cl2 at ca. 253 K to give [CoL2(NO)] with NO− group. [CoL2(NO)] reacted further with nitrogen monoxide in 10 v% pyridine–DMF at room temperature to give [CoL2(NO3)(py)]·nDMF·0.5py (L=5-chloro-8-quinolinolate ion, n=0; L=5-nitro-8-quinolinolate ion, n=1) with liberation of dinitrogen oxide. [CoL2]·nH2O also reacted with nitrogen monoxide in the pyridine–DMF to give the same nitrato complexes. In pyridine, [CoL2]·nH2O gave [CoL2(NO3)(py)]. In DMF, [CoL2]·nH2O reacted with nitrogen monoxide at room temperature to give [CoL2(NO)]·0.5H2O (L=5-chloro-8-quinolinolate ion) or [CoL2(NO2)(DMF)]·2H2O (L=5-nitro-8-quinolinolate ion).
Untersuchungen von Diiodogermylen und Triphenylphosphindiiodogermylen und die Kristallstruktur von Triphenylphosphindiiodogermylen
Authors: Inoguchi Yoshio , Okui Shuko , Mochida Kunio , Itai Akiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reaktivitäten und chemische Eigenschaften von Diiodogermylen und Triphenylphosphindiiodogermylen wurden durch ihre Reaktionen mit Organolithium-Verbindungen oder Butadienen untersucht. Die Kristallstruktur von Triphenylphosphindiiodogermylen wurde röntgenographisch aufgeklärt.
The Wet Oxidation Treatment of Wastewater from SOx Removal Facilities
Authors: Yoshida Takatoshi , Ohta Hiroshi , Sugimoto Kimihiko , Banno Jiro , Hasegawa Kan-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The wet oxidation of sodium dithionate was carried out at an elevated temperature between 100 and 300 °C. The decomposition of the dithionate solution proceeded rapidly at 150–170 °C and (approximately) a complete decomposition occurred at temperatures greater than 200 °C within 30 min. The removed percentage of the dithionate under a large excess of air was independent of the concentration. The addition of iron(II) sulfate and hydrogen peroxide accelerated the decomposition. Wet oxidation was effective for the disposal of wastewater containing dithionates.
Study of Short Hydrogen Bonds. I. Structures of 4-Methylpiperidinium Hydrogen Bis(p-methylbenzoate) and Piperidinium Hydrogen Bis(p-methylbenzoate)
Authors: Misaki Shintaro , Kashino Setsuo , Haisa Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structures of 4-methylpiperidinium hydrogen bis(p-methylbenzoate) 1 and piperidinium hydrogen bis(p-methylbenzoate) 2 have been determined by X-ray diffraction method. Crystal data: 1, monoclinic, P21⁄n (No. 14), a=19.260(2), b=8.0061(5), c=14.065(1) Å, β=94.391(7)°, V=2162.5(3) Å3, Z=4, Dx=1.141 g cm−3; 2, orthorhombic, Pcan (No. 60), a=10.292(1), b=25.248(4), c=7.763(2) Å, V=2017.2(5) Å3, Z=4, Dx=1.177 g cm−3. Final R values for 1 and 2 are 0.088 and 0.065 for 3446 and 1510 unique reflections, respectively. In both crystals the piperidinium cations and the hydrogen bis(benzoate) anions are held together by two kinds of N–H···O hydrogen bonds. The structure of 2 is disordered around a two-fold axis. Two benzoate residues in the anions are linked by the very short O–H···O hydrogen bonds; in 1 asymmetric [O···O 2.505(3), O–H 1.07(5), H···O 1.48(5) Å, O–H···O 158(5)°]; in 2 crystallographically symmetric [O···O related by the two-fold axis 2.473(4), O···H 1.25(5) Å, O···H···O 163(5)°]. The short hydrogen bonds in hydrogen bis(carboxylate) anions are discussed with reference to the crystal structures of 1 and 2.
A Calorimetric Study on the Formation of [CuCln](2−n)+ (n=1–4) in Acetonitrile–N,N-Dimethylformamide Mixtures
Authors: Ishiguro Shin-ichi , Jeliazkova Bojana G , Ohtaki Hitoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Complex formation equilibria between copper(II) and chloride ions have been studied by calorimetry in various acetonitrile(AN)–N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) mixtures containing 0.2 mol dm−3 (C2H5)4NClO4 as a constant ionic medium at 25 °C. Calorimetric titration curves in each AN–DMF mixture examined were well explained in terms of formation of [CuCln](2−n)+ (n=1–4), and their formation constants, enthalpies, and entropies were determined. The overall enthalpy ΔHβ4° in any mixture, even in the acetonitrile-rich 0.025 mole fraction DMF mixture, was practically the same as that (19.2 kJ mol−1) in pure DMF, but largely different from that (−54.5 kJ mol−1) in pure AN. The result indicated that copper(II) ion was markedly preferentially solvated with DMF molecules in AN–DMF mixtures. On the other hand, the overall entropy value ΔSβ4° in any AN–DMF mixture was significantly larger than the values in both pure solvents. As to thermodynamic quantities of stepwise formation of [CuCln](2−n)+ (n=1–4), a remarkable change was found at the second step with varying solvent compositions. The stepwise enthalpy and entropy values of formation of [CuCl2] became more positive as the DMF content of the mixture decreased. Enthalpies of solution of anhydrous CuCl2 crystals were also measured in the same AN–DMF mixtures. The enthalpy ΔH\oversetos(CuCl2) of solution of the neutral [CuCl2] complex largely changed depending on the solvent composition, while ΔH\oversetos(Cu2+, 2Cl−), which is the sum of enthalpies of solution of relevant ions, remained practically unchanged. The result for the [CuCl2] complex indicated that the complex was not strongly preferentially solvated with DMF molecules in contrast to copper(II) ion in the AN–DMF mixtures.
Polymer-Protected Metal Complex for Gas Separation. I. A Solution of Polystyrene-Protected Aluminium Copper(I) Halide as Water-Resistant Carbon Monoxide Absorbent
Authors: Hirai Hidefumi , Hara Susumu , Komiyama Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Carbon monoxide absorbents composed of linear polystyrene (PSt), aluminium halide, copper(I) halide, and toluene are prepared. The toluene solutions of polystyrene–protected aluminium copper(I) chloride (PSt–AlCuCl4) rapidly absorb CO at 20 °C under 1 atm (initial partial pressure of CO: 0.90 atm) and the equilibrium molar ratio of absorbed CO to the charged CuCl is 0.78. On the elevation of the temperature from 20 °C to 82 °C under 1 atm, the absorbed CO is released completely. The absorption-release cycles are repeated many times without measurable decrease in the absorbing capacity. The CO absorbing capacities of toluene solutions composed of aluminium halides, copper(I) halides, and polystyrene decrease as follows: AlCl3–CuCl system&gt;AlBr3–CuBr system&gt;&gt;All3–CuI system=0. The CO absorbing activity of the toluene solution of PSt–AlCuCl4 remains virtually unchanged on the contact of the solution with nitrogen gas containing 10 mol% water to the charged CuCl (water content: 9000 ppm), when the molar ratio of phenyl residue of polystyrene (number-averaged degree of polymerization: 420, 50, or 4.0) to AlCuCl4 is unity or larger. This result is markedly in contrast with the fact that the activity of the toluene solution of AlCuCl4 without polystyrene significantly (25%) decreases on the contact.
Preparation and Spectral Properties of Cobalt(III) Complexes with S,S′-Ethylenebis(l-homocysteinate) and S,S′-Trimethylenebis(l-homocysteinate)
Authors: Kanesaka Mikako , Okamoto Ken-ichi , Hidaka Jinsai 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three cobalt(III) complexes of [Co(sexidentate-N2,S2,O2)] and [Co(terdentate-N,S,O)2] types were prepared; where sexidentate-N2,S2,O2 denotes S,S′-ethylenebis(l-homocysteinate) (l,l-ebhc) and S,S′-trimethylenebis(l-homocysteinate) (l,l-tbhc), and terdentate-N,S,O denotes l-ethioninate (l-eth). Each of the l,l-ebhc and l,l-tbhc complexes was chromatographically separated into two isomers, trans(O) and trans(N), and the l-eth complex was separated into three isomers, trans(O), trans(N), and trans(S). These isomers were characterized by their electronic absorption, CD, and 13CNMR spectra. The stereoselectivity in the formation of each geometrical isomer for the l,l-ebhc and l,l-tbhc complexes is discussed in relation to the flexibilities of the S,S-bridged backbone chelate ring and the l-homocysteinate moiety.
1,1′-Bis(thiocyanatomercurio)ferrocene as Ligand towards M(NCS)2[M=Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II)]
Authors: Singh Pashupati Prasad , Singh Meena 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Complexes having three different metal atoms have been prepared by reacting 1,1′-bis(thiocyanatomercurio)ferrocene with M(NCS)2 [M=Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II)]. The complexes have been referred to as Lewis acid and have molecular formula Fe(C5H4HgSCN)2M(NCS)2. They have unsaturation at M, hence have been reacted with nicotinamide and 2,2′-bipyridyl and adducts of molecular formula Fe(C5H4HgSCN)2M(NCS)2Lx [x=2 when nicotinamide and 1 when bipyridyl] have been isolated. The Lewis acids and the adducts have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment, infrared and electronic spectral studies. These studies reveal that the coordination geometry of M is tetrahedral in the Lewis acids of cobalt, zinc, and manganese. The geometry around M in the Lewis acids of nickel and copper is octahedral through axial bonding. The adducts have a bridged structure and the geometry around M is octahedral. Quantitative softness parameters have also been applied to derive certain information.
Novel Synthesis of Furo[2,3-b]indole Derivatives
Authors: Abd El-Latif Fathy Faheem , Gohar Abd El-Kareem Mohammed Nasr , Fahmy Atiat Mohammed , Badr Mahmoud Zarif Amin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Isatin reacted with diethyl 3-amino-2-cyano-2-pentenedioate in ethanol and in presence of Et3N to give 3-(1-amino-2-cyano-2-ethoxycarbonylethenyl-2H-furo[2,3-b]indol-2-one. The reaction of (2-oxo-3-indolinylidene)malononitrile (3a) with the diethyl ester gave a mixture of diethyl 3-amino-4-(2-amino-3-cyano-4-quinolylcarbonyl)-2-cyano-2-pentenedioate (80%) and diethyl 3-amino-4-(2-amino-3-cyano-3aH-furo[2,3-b]indol-3a-yl)-2-cyano-2-pentanedioate (20%). Treatment of 3a and 3-[cyano(ethoxycarbonyl)]methylene-2-indolinone (3b) with 2-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-thiazolin-4-one gave the corresponding two pyrano[4′,5′-c] and furo[2″,3″-b]indole compounds, respectively. When 3a and 3b also reacted, with 3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one or 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, the corresponding four spiro indoline-3,4′-(1′H)-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol products were obtained. The reaction of 3b with benzoylacetonitrile gave ethyl 2-amino-3a-[benzoyl(cyano)methyl]-3aH-furo[2,3-b]indole-3-carboxylate.
Reaction of Azomethine N-Oxides. III. Reactions of Some Azomethine N-Oxides with Fluoranil, Phenyl Vinyl Sulfone, and β-Nitrostyrene
Authors: Nour El-Din Ahmed Moukhtar 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Isomerization of 3H-indole 1-oxides in the presence of tetrafluoro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione (fluoranil) to the thermodynamically more stable lactams was found to proceed via formation of charge-transfer complexes. However, addition of fluoranil to some open chain nitrones did not give the corresponding amides. Both electron-deficient β-nitrostyrene and phenyl vinyl sulfone did not form charge-transfer complexes with nitrones, but instead they undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition giving 4- or 5-substituted isoxazolidines.
The Differential Scanning Calorimetry of 1,3,5,7,2,4,6,8-Tetrathiatetrazocine
Authors: Kudo Yoshiyuki , Hamada Shuichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molar heat of the decomposition of S4(NH)4 was obtained as 360±7 kJ mol−1 by means of differential scanning calorimetry. This value gave the standard enthalpy of the formation, ΔHf(S4(NH)4, s, 298.15 K), as 318±7 kJ mol−1, which was comparable with that calculated (311 kJ mol−1).
Pseudo-Sugars. XV. A Facile Synthesis of Pseudo-β-Dl-fructopyranose
Authors: Suami Tetsuo , Ogawa Seiichiro , Uematsu Yasushi , Suga Atsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Pseudo-β-Dl-fructopyranose, Dl-(1,2/3,4)-1-C-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclohexanetetrol, has been synthesized from Dl-1,2-di-O-acetyl-(1,3/2)-3-bromomethyl-5-cyclohexene-1,2-diol by the seven-steps sequence in 21% overall yield.
Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of an Optically Active Bisnoradamantane Derivative, (−)-6-Oxotricyclo[3.3.0.03,7]octane-2-carboxylic Acid
Authors: Naemura Koichiro , Komatsu Masanori , Chikamatsu Hiroaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
6-Isopropylidenetricyclo[3.3.0.03,7]octane-2-carboxylic acid (11) was prepared from the dimethylfulvene–ethyl acrylate adduct 5. Optical resolution of 11 was carried out via the (+)-1-(2-naphthyl)ethylamine salt, and (−)-11 was transformed into (−)-6-oxotricyclo[3.3.0.03,7]octane-2-carboxylic acid (14) whose absolute configuration and absolute rotation were established.
Mössbauer Study of Tin in γ-AgI
Authors: Hiraga Kazuhiro , Ichiba Sumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tin was deposited onto the surface of powdered γ-AgI and introduced into the matrix by solid-state diffusion at 300°C. The 119Sn Mössbauer spectra show that the deposit before heat treatment was epitaxially grown α-Sn and that the diffused tin was in the state of valency 4, occupying both the octahedral and tetrahedral interstices.
Hydrogenation and Dimerization of Bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene Catalyzed by Cobalt(I) Complexes
Authors: Kanai Hiroyoshi , Watabe Yoshiyuki , Nakayama Taisei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene 1 was hydrogenated to bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene 2 and tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptane 3 in a 70:30 ratio and dimerized to Binor-S 4 by [CoX(PPh3)3]–BF3·Et2O catalysts (X=halogen). 1 was dimerized to 4–7 having tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptane skeletons by a [Co(SCN)(PPh3)3]–ZnBr2–Zn system in THF.
In Situ Trapping of NO. A Generalized Method for the Synthesis of Metal Nitrosyls
Authors: Khan Mohammad Ishaque , Agarwala Umesh Chandra 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Several known nitrosyl complexes of Ru, Rh, Ir, Os, Co, and Mo have been synthesized using a more generalized method, using organic N-nitroso compounds. Physical methods such as IR, magnetic measurements, conductance measurements, melting points, and elemental analyses were used for the identification of the products of the reactions.
4-Azidobutyryl Group for Temporary Protection of Hydroxyl Functions
Authors: Kusumoto Shoichi , Sakai Keiichiro , Shiba Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
4-Azidobutyryl esters formed from hydroxyl compounds and 4-azidobutyryl chloride were shown to be cleaved via reduction to 4-aminobutyrate followed by intramolecular O→N-acyl migrations to regenerate the free hydroxyl groups. High susceptibility of azide group to reduction enables the selective removal of this acyl group leaving many other functional groups unchanged.
Prediction of IR Intensities of Bending Fundamentals in 2,4-Pentadiynenitrile by the Combination of ab Initio Calculation and Experimental Parameters
Authors: Uyemura Masakatsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2,4-Pentadiynenitrile is a H(C≡C)nC≡N-type molecule. Molecules with n=0 to n=5 are known as interstellar molecules. Infrared spectra have not been observed yet, because the synthesis of a molecule of this type becomes more difficult as the molecular size increases. In the present study, the frequencies and infrared intensities of bending fundamentals in 2,4-pentadiynenitrile were predicted from an ab initio calculation coupled with empirical corrections. Calculation errors have been estimated by comparing calculated and experimental values in small reference molecules which have local structures similar to those of 2,4-pentadiynenitrile. The errors in 2,4-pentadiynenitrile have also been estimated.
Ylide–Metal Complexes. X. An X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of Triphenylmethylenephosphorane and Gold- and Copper–Phosphorane Complexes
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihisa , Konno Hidetaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Triphenylmethylenephosphorane, the bis(triphenylmethylenephosphorane)gold chloride and the corresponding copper chloride have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For the phosphorane, the binding energies, EB, for P 2s and P 2p peaks were observed at 190.1 and 132.6 eV, respectively. The EB value for the P 2p peak agrees with that (132.6 eV) for the phosphonium ion in triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide. The C 1s spectrum was separated into two peaks at EB=285.0 and 283.9 eV, assuming a ratio of 18:1. The peak at 285.0 eV corresponds to the phenyl carbons, and that at 283.9 eV can be assigned to the electronrich methylene carbon. Thus, the structure of the phosphorane is considered to be an ylide formula, (Remark: Graphics omitted.). In gold phosphorane complexes, EB of the C 1s, P 2s, and P 2p peaks were close to those for the phosphorane. The EB of the Cl 2p3⁄2, Au 4f7⁄2, and Au 4f5⁄2 peaks coincided with those for bis(triphenylphosphine)gold chloride. These results indicate the structure of the gold complex to be (Remark: Graphics omitted.). The XPS results also indicate that the structure of the copper complex is similar to that of the gold complex.
Thermal Stability of Electroless Nickel–Molybdenum–Phosphorus Alloy Films
Authors: Koiwa Ichiro , Nishikawa Masao , Yamada Keizo , Osaka Tetsuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structure and the electric resistivity of electroless Ni–Mo–P alloy films, which were plated from a caustic alkali citrate-glycolic acid bath, have been investigated. The phosphorus content in deposits and the deposition rate decreased with increasing Mo-complex concentration which was formed with sodium gluconate before constructing the bath. The crystallized structure and the formation of solid solutions between the Ni matrix and the codeposited Mo were indicated by X-ray diffraction measurments for high Mo-complex concentration range. On the other hand, amorphous states appeared for the Mo-complex concentration range lower than 0.002 mol dm−3. In the range less than 0.002 mol dm−3 Mo-complex concentration, the resistivity of as-plated Ni–Mo–P films was higher than the binary Ni–P alloy film plated from the bath without the Mo-complex. In the higher Mo-complex concentration range, the resistivity immediately reached a constant value independently of the Mo-complex concentration. After 500 and 800 °C heat treatment under vacuum, the resistivity increased with increasing Mo-complex concentration. Moreover for the higher Mo-complex concentration range, the resistivity after heat treatment became higher than that of as-plated conditions, and the increased resistivity after the heat treatment depended on the Mo content in the deposits. Therefore, the codeposited Mo tended to increase the thermal stability of the films.