bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Binary Computation Structures
Authors: Heinemann Bernhard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBased on a modification of Moss' and Parikh's topological modal language [8], we study a generalization of a weakly expressive fragment of a certain propositional modal logic of time. We define a bimodal logic comprising operators for knowledge and nexttime. These operators are interpreted in binary computation structures. We present an axiomatization of the set T of theorems valid for this class of semantical domains and prove – as the main result of this paper – its completeness. Moreover, the question of decidability of T is treated.
Infinitary S5‐Epistemic Logic
Authors: Heifetz Aviad 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIt is known that a theory in S5‐epistemic logic with several agents may have numerous models. This is because each such model specifies also what an agent knows about infinite intersections of events, while the expressive power of the logic is limited to finite conjunctions of formulas. We show that this asymmetry between syntax and semantics persists also when infinite conjunctions (up to some given cardinality) are permitted in the language. We develop a strengthened S5‐axiomatic system for such infinitary logics, and prove a strong completeness theorem for them. Then we show that in every such logic there is always a theory with more than one model.
An All‐ROMP Route to Graft Copolymers
Authors: Hilf Stefan , Kilbinger Andreas F. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA new versatile synthesis strategy for macromonomers has been developed that uses the living ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with commercial Grubbs first generation ruthenium initiators. Homopolymers as well as diblock copolymers were end‐functionalized with norbornene derivatives to serve as macromonomers. The graft copolymerization of the macromonomers was also carried out employing ROMP. Well‐defined and highly functional graft copolymers are accessible by this new synthetic route.magnified image
Poly(amidoamine)s with 2‐Dithiopyridine Side Substituents as Intermediates to Peptide–Polymer Conjugates
Authors: Ranucci Elisabetta , Ferruti Paolo , Suardi Marco Alessandro , Manfredi Amedea 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCystamine, when employed as a cross‐linking agent, leads to poly(amidoamine) networks, which on reaction with 2,2′‐dithiodipyridine turn into linear poly(amidoamine)s with side dithiopyridyl groups that easily undergo exchange reactions with reduced L‐glutathione, a model thiol‐containing biologically active peptide. The resultant products represent the first examples of soluble poly(amidoamine)–peptide conjugates in which the peptide moieties are linked to the polymer chain by SS bonds stable in blood, but cleavable inside cells.magnified image
Progressive up‐regulation of genes encoding DNA methyltransferases in the colorectal adenoma‐carcinoma sequence
Authors: Schmidt Wolfgang M. , Sedivy Roland , Forstner Birgit , Steger Günther G. , Zöchbauer‐Müller Sabine , Mader Robert M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEpigenetic silencing is a prominent feature of cancer. Here, we investigated the expression of DNA demethylase and three DNA methyltransferases during colorectal tumorigenesis comparing the genes encoding DNA methyltransferases 1 (DNMT1), 3A, and 3B (DNMT3A and DNMT3B) with methyl‐CpG binding domain protein 2 (MBD2), recently described as the only active DNA demethylase. Total RNA isolated from normal colonic mucosa (n = 24), benign adenomas (n = 18), and malignant colorectal carcinomas (n = 32) was analyzed by reverse transcriptase‐PCR with subsequent quantification by capillary gel electrophoresis. In contrast to MBD2, expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3A increased in parallel to the degree of dysplasia, with significant overexpression in the malignant lesion when compared with mucosa or with benign lesions (DNMT1). Pairwise comparisons between tumors and matched, adjacent healthy mucosa tissue (n = 13) revealed that expression of all three genes encoding DNA methyltransferases increased by two‐ to three‐fold. Our data suggest a relevant role of the DNA methyltransferases during colorectal tumorigenesis. This increase is not counterbalanced by enhanced expression of the demethylating component MBD2. As a consequence, epigenetic regulation in the adenoma‐carcinoma sequence may be driven by increased methylating activity rather than suppressed demethylation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intrinsic resistance to apoptosis of colon epithelial cells is a potential determining factor in the susceptibility of the A/J mouse strain to dimethylhydrazine‐induced colon tumorigenesis
Authors: Oumouna‐Benachour Karine , Oumouna Mustapha , Zerfaoui Mourad , Hans Chetan , Fallon Kenneth , Boulares A. Hamid 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAlterations in the delicate balance between cell proliferation and cell death disrupt colon homeostasis and serve as determining factors in colon tumorigenesis. The two mouse strains, AKR/J (resistant) and A/J (susceptible), have been widely used as models for dimethylhydrazine‐induced colon tumorigenesis. This study examined whether the differential susceptibilities of the two mouse strains to the tumorigenic effect of dimethylhydrazine were associated with intrinsic differences in the apoptotic machinery of the colon epithelial cells. While acute exposure to dimethylhydrazine caused massive apoptosis of colon epithelial cells in AKR/J mice, the effect was considerably less in A/J mice. Apoptosis in AKR/J mice occurred not only in the luminal side of the mucosa but also deep in the colonic crypts. In addition, this apoptosis appeared to involve caspase‐3. The increased sensitivity of AKR/J to dimethylhydrazine was associated with a persistent expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) but not of its receptors. After establishing a new method for isolating primary colon epithelial cells, we determined that cells derived from A/J mice were substantially more resistant to apoptosis in response to dimethylhydrazine or to a combination of TNF, cyclohexamide, and butyrate compared to cells from AKR/J mice. These results strongly suggest that a higher intrinsic resistance to apoptosis of colon epithelial cells may be an important determinant of predisposition to colon tumorigenesis in the A/J mouse strain. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of pramipexole on the onset of levodopa‐related dyskinesias
Authors: Constantinescu Radu , Romer Megan , McDermott Michael P. , Kamp Cornelia , Kieburtz Karl 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDyskinesias are a major complication of dopaminergic therapy in the long‐term treatment of Parkinson's disease. In the CALM‐PD trial, subjects were initially randomized to levodopa or pramipexole and could later add levodopa if needed. After adjusting for disease duration and daily levodopa dosage, the incidence of dyskinesias after initiating levodopa was not significantly different among subjects initially randomized to levodopa and those initially randomized to pramipexole. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Blepharospasm and limb dystonia caused by Mohr‐Tranebjaerg syndrome with a novel splice‐site mutation in the deafness/dystonia peptide gene
Authors: Kim Hee T. , Edwards Mark J. , Tyson Jess , Quinn Niall P. , Bitner‐Glindzicz Maria , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMohr‐Tranebjaerg syndrome (MTS) is an X‐linked disorder characterized by childhood‐onset progressive deafness, dystonia, spasticity, mental deterioration, and blindness. It is due to mutations in the deafness/dystonia peptide (DDP1) gene. We describe a sporadic 42‐year‐old man with MTS presenting with postlingual deafness, adult‐onset progressive dystonia with marked arm tremor, mild spasticity of the legs, and visual disturbance due to a novel mutation (g to a transition at the invariant gt of the 5′ splice donor site of exon 1) in the DDP1 gene. This case, and a review of previously reported cases, highlights a variety of potential diagnostic pitfalls in this condition. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Treatment with levodopa and risk for malignant melanoma
Authors: Olsen Jørgen H. , Tangerud Karina , Wermuth Lene , Frederiksen Kirsten , Friis Søren 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA large follow‐up study in Denmark of 14,088 patients in whom Parkinson's disease was diagnosed at hospital showed a twofold higher incidence of malignant melanoma in these patients than in the general population. In a nested case–control study of 45 patients with malignant melanoma, 97 patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer, and 172 control subjects, we investigated the hypothesis that treatment with levodopa increases the risk for skin cancer. Information on diagnoses and treatment was retrieved from medical records. We observed a significant fourfold to fivefold increase in the risk for malignant melanoma in a subgroup of patients with a probable diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease as compared with other patients. There was apparently no effect of levodopa on the risk for malignant melanoma as indicated by an odds ratio of 1.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.8–1.3) per 1,000 g cumulative intake of the drug. We conclude that the increased rate of malignant melanoma observed in patients treated at hospital for Parkinson's disease is restricted to those with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, however, unrelated to the treatment with levodopa. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Myopathy as a first symptom of Huntington's disease in a Marathon runner
Authors: Kosinski Christoph M. , Schlangen Christiane , Gellerich Frank N. , Gizatullina Zemfira , Deschauer Markus , Schiefer Johannes , Young Anne B. , Landwehrmeyer Georg Bernhard , Toyka Klaus V. , Sellhaus Bernd , Lindenberg Katrin S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA semi professional marathon runner at risk for Huntington's disease (HD) (43 CAG repeats) developed signs of a slowly progressive myopathy with exercise‐induced muscle fatigue, pain, elevated creatine kinase level, and worsening of his running performance many years before first signs of chorea were detected. Muscle biopsy displayed a mild myopathy with mitochondrial pathology including a complex IV deficiency and analysis of the patient's fibroblast culture demonstrated deficits in mitochondrial function. Challenging skeletal muscle by excessive training might have disclosed myopathy in HD even years before the appearance of other neurological symptoms. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Changes in cathepsin gene expression and relative enzymatic activity during gilthead sea bream oogenesis
Authors: Carnevali O. , Cionna C. , Tosti L. , Cerdà J. , Gioacchini G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to provide evidence on the modulation of lysosomal enzymes in terms of both gene expression and enzymatic activity during follicle maturation. For this purpose three lysosomal enzymes, cathepsins B, D, and L, were studied in relation to yolk formation and degradation, during the main phases of ovarian follicle growth in the pelagophil species, the sea bream Sparus aurata. Specific attention was focused on the gene expression quantification method, on the assay of enzymatic activities, and on the relationship between the proteolytic cleavage of yolk proteins (YPs), cathepsin gene expression and cathepsin activities. For the gene expression study, the cathepsins B‐like and L‐like mRNAs were isolated and partially or fully characterized, respectively; the sequences were used as design specific primers for the quantification of cathepsin gene expression by real‐time PCR, in follicles at different stages of maturation. The enzymatic assays for cathepsins B, D, and L were optimized in terms of specificity, sensitivity and reliability, using specific substrates and inhibitors. In ovulated eggs, the lipovitellin I (LV I) was degraded and the changes in electrophoretic pattern were preceded by an increase in the activity of a cysteine proteinase, cathepsin L, and its mRNA. Cathepsin B did not appear to be involved in YP changes during the final maturation stage. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 97–104, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling and analysis of a mixed‐model assembly line with stochastic operation times
Authors: Zhao Xiaobo , Liu Jianyong , Ohno Katsuhisa , Kotani Shigenori 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe consider a mixed‐model assembly line (MMAL) comprised a set of workstations and a conveyor. The workstations are arranged in a serial configuration. The conveyor moves at a constant speed along the workstations. Initial units belonging to different models are successively fed onto the conveyor, and they are moved by the conveyor to pass through the workstations to gradually generate final products. All assembling tasks are manually performed with operation times to be stochastic. An important performance measure of MMALs is overload times that refer to uncompleted operations for operators within their work zones. This paper establishes a method to analyze the expected overload times for MMALs with stochastic operation times. The operation processes of operators form discrete time nonhomogeneous Markov processes with continuous state spaces. For a given daily production schedule, the expected overload times involve in analyzing the Markov processes for finite horizon. Based on some important properties of the performance measure, we propose an efficient approach for calculating the expected overload times. Numerical computations show that the results are very satisfactory. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
How to optimize the TS‐fuzzy knowledge base to achieve desired performances: Accuracy and robustness
Authors: Soukkou A. , Leulmi S. , Khellaf A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDesigning an effective criterion/learning to find the best rule and optimal structure is a major problem in the design process of fuzzy neural controller. In this paper, we introduce a new robust model of Takagi Sugeno fuzzy logic controller. A hybrid learning algorithm, called hybrid approach to fuzzy supervised learning (HAFSL), which combines the genetic algorithm (GA) and gradient descent technique (GD) is proposed for constructing an efficient and robust fuzzy neural network controller (FNNC). Two phases of design and learning process are presented in this work. A GA is used for finding near optimal structure/parameters of the FNNC that minimizes the number of rules (initialization procedure). The second stage of learning algorithm uses the backpropagation algorithm based on GD method to fine tune the consequent parameters of the controller. The genes of chromosome are arranged into two parts, the first part contains the control genes (the certainty factors) and the second part contains the parameters genes that representing the fuzzy knowledge base. The effectiveness of this chromosome formulation enables the fuzzy sets and rules to be optimally reduced. The performances of the HAFSL are compared to these found by the traditional PI with genetic optimization (GA‐PI). Simulations demonstrate that the proposed HAFSL and GA‐PI algorithms have good generalization capabilities and robustness on the water bath temperature control system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of Wilms tumor relapsing after initial treatment with vincristine, actinomycin D, and doxorubicin. A report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group
Authors: Malogolowkin Marcio , Cotton Cecilia A. , Green Daniel M. , Breslow Norman E. , Perlman Elizabeth , Miser James , Ritchey Michael L. , Thomas Patrick R.M. , Grundy Paul E. , D'Angio Giulio J. , Beckwith J. Bruce , Shamberger Robert C. , Haase Gerald M. , Donaldson Milton , Weetman Robert , Coppes Max J. , Shearer Patricia , Coccia Peter , Kletzel Morris , Macklis Roger , Tomlinson Gail , Huff Vicki , Newbury Robert , Weeks Douglas 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated the use of alternating cycles of cyclophosphamide/etoposide and carboplatin/etoposide in children entered on National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS)‐5 who were diagnosed between August 1, 1995 and May 31, 2002 and who relapsed after chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin D, and doxorubicin (VAD) and radiation therapy (DD‐4A).Patients And MethodsOne hundred three patients who relapsed or had progressive disease after initial VAD chemotherapy and radiation therapy were registered on stratum C of the NWTS‐5 Relapse protocol. Twelve patients were not evaluable: five due to insufficient data, six due to major protocol violations, and one for refusal of therapy. Among the 91 remaining patients, 14 with stage V Wilms tumor (WT), 1 with contralateral relapse, and 16 who did not achieve a complete response (CR) to the initial three‐drug chemotherapy were not included in this analysis. Relapse treatment included alternating courses of the drug pairs cyclophosphamide/etoposide and carboplatin/etoposide, surgery, and radiation therapy.ResultsThe outcomes of 60 patients were analyzed. The lung was the only site of relapse for 33 patients; other sites of relapse included the operative bed, the abdomen, and liver. Four‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 42.3 and 48.0% respectively for all patients and were 48.9 and 52.8% for those who relapsed in the lungs only. Thrombocytopenia was the most frequent toxicity.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that approximately one‐half of children with unilateral WT who relapse after initial treatment with VAD and radiation therapy can be successfully retreated. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:236–241. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Processing and physical properties of native grass‐reinforced biocomposites
Authors: Liu Wanjun , Thayer Kelby , Misra Manjusri , Drzal Lawrence T. , Mohanty Amar K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBig blue stem grass fiber‐reinforced high density polyethylene powder biocomposites were fabricated using two separate processing schemes: (1) by compounding biofiber with the thermoplastic powder in an extruder and subsequently injection molding the extrusion pellets and (2) by combining biofiber and the powder thermoplastic powder using a modified sheet molding compounding (SMC) line and subsequently compression molding the sheet material. The physical properties including storage modulus, heat deflection temperature (HDT), notched Izod impact strength, and morphology were evaluated with dynamic mechanical analysis, Izod impact strength measurement, and microscopy observation. It was found that compression‐molded specimens achieved similar modulus values to injection molded specimens for grass‐reinforced high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. The stiffness of the compression‐molded specimens is related to the consolidation state of the samples, which depends on compression molding conditions such as temperature, pressure, and mold type. Compression‐molded specimens exhibited a higher HDT and notched Izod impact strength compared to injection‐molded samples. Grass fiber‐reinforced cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) biocomposites made with SMC processing had similar physical properties with grass fiber‐reinforced HDPE composites, which indicates that natural fiber‐reinforced CAB biocomposites have the potential to replace polyolefin‐based composites for automotive applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 47:969–976, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Fabrication of screen‐printing pastes from TiO2 powders for dye‐sensitised solar cells
Authors: Ito Seigo , Chen Peter , Comte Pascal , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Liska Paul , Péchy Péter , Grätzel Michael 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA preparation technique of TiO2 screen‐printing pastes from commercially‐available powders has been disclosed in order to fabricate the nanocrystalline layers without cracking and peeling‐off over 17 µm thickness for the photoactive electrodes of the dye‐sensitised solar cells. A conversion efficiency of 8·7% was obtained by using a single‐layer of a semi‐transparent‐TiO2 film. A conversion efficiency of 9·2% was obtained by using double‐layers composed of transparent and light‐scattering TiO2 films for a photon‐trapping system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competitive influence of atactic polystyrene and supercritical carbon dioxide on the conformation of syndiotactic polystyrene
Authors: Ma Wei‐Ming , Yu Jian , He Jia‐Song 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe crystallization behavior of miscible syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) and atactic polystyrene (aPS) blends with different sPS/aPS weight ratios was investigated in supercritical CO2 by using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. Supercritical CO2 and aPS exhibited different effects on the conformational change of sPS and competed with each other. Increasing the content of amorphous aPS in the blends made its effect on the conformational change of sPS gradually surpass that of supercritical CO2. Supercritical CO2 favored the formation of the helical conformation of sPS in lower temperature range and the all trans planar conformation in higher temperature range, instead of forming the latter one only in higher temperature range in ambient atmosphere. However, increasing aPS content in the blends pushed the range for forming the helical conformation to lower temperature and made the all trans planar conformation dominant in aPS/sPS 25/75 blend after treating in supercritical CO2 above 60 °C. The all trans planar zigzag conformation was more favorable than the helical conformation after mixing aPS in sPS in supercritical CO2. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1755–1764, 2007
Thermal properties of polystyrene nanocomposites formed from rigid intercalation agent‐treated montmorillonite
Authors: Yei Ding‐Ru , Fu Huei‐Kuan , Chang Yu‐Hsin , Kuo Shiao‐Wei , Huang Jieh‐Ming , Chang Feng‐Chih 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPolystyrene (PS)/clay nanocomposites were prepared with two different new intercalation organophilic clays, the phosphonium salt (APP) and the ammonium 4‐(4‐adamantylphenoxy)‐1‐butanamine (APB) salts, by emulsion polymerization technique. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were performed to characterize the layered structures of APB‐ and APP‐treated polymer–clay nanocomposites, and both resulted in exfoliated structures. Molecular weights of PS obtained from these nanocomposites are slightly lower than the virgin PS formed under similar polymerization conditions. Coefficient of thermal expansion showed approximately a 44–55% decrease for APB‐ and APP‐intercalated clay nanocomposites relative to the pure PS. Both Tg and thermal decomposition temperature of the PS component in the nanocomposite are higher than the virgin PS, implying that the presence of clay is able to enhance thermal stabilities of the PS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1781–1787, 2007