bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Primary Care PTSD for DSM-5 Screen (PC-PTSD-5) in Demographic and Diagnostic Subgroups of Veterans
Authors: Tiet Quyen Q. , Tiet Thien-Nha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5) is a screening instrument designed to identify patients with probable PTSD and is mandated to be used in VA primary care settings. However, validation of the diagnostic accuracy of the instrument is lacking in various demographic and diagnostic groups.

Objective
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the PC-PTSD-5 in demographically and diagnostically stratified groups of VA primary care patients.

Design, Setting, and Participants
Based on a sample of 519 VA primary care patients (40.61% response rate), the PC-PTSD-5 was evaluated against a criterion measure, examining its sensitivity, specificity, and other diagnostic properties. Evaluations were conducted in demographically stratified patient groups, including gender, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, and education, as well as diagnostically stratified groups, in patients with and without a depression, alcohol use, and drug use disorder.

Main Measures
The MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was the criterion measure against which the PC-PTSD-5 was evaluated.

Key Results
Among the 10 demographically stratified groups of patients, the PC-PTSD-5 demonstrated a sensitivity between 81.25% (95% C.I.: 54.35 – 05.95) and 100% (95% C.I.: 63.06 – 1000) and its specificity ranged from 80.54% (95% C.I.: 74.70 – 85.55) to 88.31% (95% C.I.: 83.45 – 92.15). Among the 6 diagnostically stratified groups of patients (with and without depression, alcohol use, and drug use disorders), the PC-PTSD-5 exhibited a sensitivity between 88.89% (95% C.I.: 65.29 – 98.62) and 95.92% (95% C.I.: 86.02 – 99.50), and its specificity varied from 60.00% (95% C.I.: 40.60 – 77.34) to 88.14% (95% C.I.: 84.50 – 91.19).

Conclusions
The PC-PTSD-5, suitable for a diverse range of VA primary care patients, shows satisfactory sensitivity and specificity across various demographic and diagnostic groups. Healthcare providers should be cautious of false positives in patients with depression or substance use disorders, given the potential symptom overlap with PTSD.
A lightweight multi-task learning network based on key area guidance for counterfeit detection
Authors: Yang Yaotian , Yang Yu , Zhou Linna , Zou Jixin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCounterfeit detection traditionally relies on manual efforts, but manual detection efficiency is notably low. The accuracy of deep learning methods is challenging because of the insufficient samples, so it is crucial to allow the model to learn effective representation at a lower training cost. Given the above problems, we proposed a lightweight multi-task learning method that employs an uncomplicated auxiliary task to enhance the main task’s attention and reduce the training sample requirements. A key area guidance algorithm is designed to construct the auxiliary task, disturbing key image areas to generate new samples and training the auxiliary task to recognize the disturbance. This guides the main task in discerning authenticity from these key areas. Additionally, a tailored data preprocessing strategy was designed to improve the method’s performance further. Achieving an impressive 98.8% accuracy in identifying various counterfeiting points, our method outperforms existing advanced methods. Importantly, the method significantly reduces training costs. Even with an 80% reduction in the sample size, the method maintains a 92.1% accuracy, demonstrating minimal performance degradation compared to alternative methods.
Multi-baiting YATLORf sex pheromone traps to optimize click beetle (Agriotes spp., Coleoptera: Elateridae) monitoring for low-cost IPM of wireworms
Authors: Furlan Lorenzo , Bona Stefano , Tóth Miklós 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImplementation of IPM in arable crops requires affordable monitoring tools. YATLORf traps baited with a synthetic pheromone lure for a target species have proven to be effective for monitoring Europe’s most harmful soil pests: Agriotes spp. After the suitable lure position for each of the main Agriotes species was ascertained, different combinations of lures in the same trap were studied in various European countries. Trials were carried out between 2001 and 2007, with the traps being arranged in blocks. Each block contained one trap per treatment under study (i.e., traps baited with a single species lure and traps baited with combinations of two or more different species lures). Unlike most of the research outputs on sex pheromone lures (e.g., on Lepidoptera species), the results of this research have clearly shown that lures for many Agriotes species can be combined in the same trap without loss of performance against most species. Two clear exceptions were A. sputator and A. rufipalpis, which were sensitive to the presence of the geranyl octanoate in lures for other species. It was possible to multi-bait a trap, i.e., use up to four different lures (A. brevis, A. sordidus, A. litigiosus, and A. ustulatus) with good results, thus demonstrating for the first time that important soil pest species belonging to the same genus can be monitored with multi-baited sex pheromone traps. Multi-baiting the same trap resulted in significantly reduced monitoring costs.
Screening for central precocious puberty by single basal Luteinizing Hormone levels
Authors: Li Pomi Alessandra , Scalini Perla , De Masi Salvatore , Corica Domenico , Pepe Giorgia , Wasniewska Malgorzata , Stagi Stefano 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To identify cut-off for basal LH levels and for pelvic ultrasound uterine and ovarian parameters indicating an Hypotalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal (HPG) axis activation as diagnostic of Central Precocious Puberty (CPP).

Methods
248 girls referred for suspected precocious/early puberty who had undergone a GnRH stimulation test were enrolled and divided into three groups: Premature Idiopathic Thelarche (PIT), CPP, and Early Puberty (EA). For every patient basal serum Luteinising Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), basal LH/FSH ratio and pelvic ultrasonographic parameters were also collected. Through the use of Receiver Operating Curves (ROCs) the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of basal LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio and ultrasonographic parameters were evaluated at each level and Area Under the Curve (AUC) was measured.

Results
Basal LH model ≥0.14 mIU/mL reached the highest predictability (90.6% and 78.2%, Se and Sp, respectively). Basal LH/FSH ratio ≥0.1 showed a sensitivity of 85.90% and a specificity of 78.14%, while basal FSH cut-off (≥2.36 mIU/mL) had the lowest predictability, with a less favourable sensitivity (71%) and specificity (70.5%). Cut-off point for uterine length as 35 mm, (83.5% and 42.9% of Se and Sp, respectively) was calculated. For ovarian volumes, ROC curves showed very low sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion
A single basal LH measurement under the cut-off limit may be adequate to exclude an HPG axis activation as CPP.
Participant Evaluation of a Multi-disciplinary Oncology Preceptorship Training Program for Oncology Health Professionals from Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Merrell Kenneth W. , Konney Thomas Okpoti , Acheamfour Osei , Lucido Joseph , Aduse-Poku Abena Yeboah , Kumar Amanika , Ansah Mavis Bobie , Amankwa Adu Tutu , Shumway Dean , Awittor Fred Kwame , Badu-Peprah Augustina , Fonkoua Lionel Aurelien A. Kankeu , Hendrickson Andrea E. Wahner , Boakye Ernest , Adjei Ernest Kwasi , Kyei Ishmael , Kemper Katie , Rank Miranda , Peethambaram Prema P. , Spangenberg Kathryn , Sorenson Kasie , Hearrold Miranda , Garda Allison , Graham Rondell , Lang Karen , Adom Joseph , Achiaa Rita , Jakub James , Amo Bismark Dwobeng , Osei-Bonsu Ernest , Camacho Rolando , Addison Eric Clement Desmond Kotei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA critical shortage of skilled healthcare workers is a primary cause of disparate global cancer outcomes. We report participant evaluation of a multidisciplinary preceptorship program. In collaboration with the city of Kumasi, Ghana, Mayo Clinic and the City Cancer Challenge hosted a preceptorship program for comprehensive multidisciplinary breast and cervix cancer training. A total of 14 healthcare workers from Kumasi received two weeks of training at Mayo Clinic in November and December 2021. Each participant and preceptor were requested to complete an anonymous post-participation survey. Of the 14 trainee participants, 10 (71%) completed the survey. All respondents found the program “valuable and applicable to their clinical practice.” Ninety percent reported they were able to “review effective and critical elements in the development and expansion of the multidisciplinary team” and able to “solve practical clinical cases as a team”. General themes of satisfaction included: (1) organization and administration, (2) clinical observations and demonstrations, (3) guidelines development, and (4) recognizing the central importance of cultivating a team-based approach. Of the 40 preceptors, 16 (40%) completed the survey. All respondents reported they felt the training would meaningfully “influence patient care in Ghana”, that participation “added value or joy to their clinical practice,” and all wished to “participate in future preceptorship programs”. After a focused two-week program, trainees reported high satisfaction, usefulness from observing specialized cancer care, and value in closely observing a multidisciplinary oncology team. Preceptors reported the experience added joy and perspective to their clinical practice and wished to participate in future programs.
Athletic Injury Research: Frameworks, Models and the Need for Causal Knowledge
Authors: Kalkhoven Judd T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWithin applied sports science and medicine research, many challenges hinder the establishment and detailed understanding of athletic injury causality as well as the development and implementation of appropriate athletic injury prevention strategies. Applied research efforts are faced with a lack of variable control, while the capacity to compensate for this lack of control through the application of randomised controlled trials is often confronted by a number of obstacles relating to ethical or practical constraints. Such difficulties have led to a large reliance upon observational research to guide applied practice in this area. However, the reliance upon observational research, in conjunction with the general absence of supporting causal inference tools and structures, has hindered both the acquisition of causal knowledge in relation to athletic injury and the development of appropriate injury prevention strategies. Indeed, much of athletic injury research functions on a (causal) model-blind observational approach primarily driven by the existence and availability of various technologies and data, with little regard for how these technologies and their associated metrics can conceptually relate to athletic injury causality and mechanisms. In this article, a potential solution to these issues is proposed and a new model for investigating athletic injury aetiology and mechanisms, and for developing and evaluating injury prevention strategies, is presented. This solution is centred on the construction and utilisation of various causal diagrams, such as frameworks, models and causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), to help guide athletic injury research and prevention efforts. This approach will alleviate many of the challenges facing athletic injury research by facilitating the investigation of specific causal links, mechanisms and assumptions with appropriate scientific methods, aiding the translation of lab-based research into the applied sporting world, and guiding causal inferences from applied research efforts by establishing appropriate supporting causal structures. Further, this approach will also help guide the development and adoption of both relevant metrics (and technologies) and injury prevention strategies, as well as encourage the construction of appropriate theoretical and conceptual foundations prior to the commencement of applied injury research studies. This will help minimise the risk of resource wastage, data fishing, p-hacking and hypothesising after the results are known (HARK-ing) in athletic injury research.
Families tackling adolescent anorexia nervosa: family wellbeing in family-based treatment or other interventions. A scoping review
Authors: Pedersen Signe Holm , Waage Dorthe Andersen , Micali Nadia , Bentz Mette 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Family-based treatment (FBT) has contributed significantly to the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN) in young people (YP). However, parents are concerned that FBT and the active role of parents in the task of refeeding may have a negative impact on family relations. The aim of the review is to assess whether families engaged in FBT for AN are more or less impacted in their family wellbeing and caregiver burden, compared to families with a YP diagnosed with AN, who are not undergoing treatment with FBT.

Method
Computerized searches across six databases complemented by a manual search resulted in 30 papers being included in the scoping review.

Results
The review identified 19 longitudinal studies on change in family wellbeing in families in FBT-like treatments, and 11 longitudinal studies on change in family wellbeing in treatment where parents are not in charge of refeeding. Only three randomized controlled studies directly compare FBT to treatment without parent-led refeeding.

Conclusion
The available research suggests no difference between intervention types regarding impact on family wellbeing. Approximately half of the studies find improvements in family wellbeing in both treatment with and without parent-led refeeding, while the same proportion find neither improvement nor deterioration. As parents play a pivotal role in FBT, there is a need for good quality studies to elucidate the impact of FBT on family wellbeing.
Level of evidenceLevel V: Opinions of authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.
Impact of viral diseases and whiteflies on the yield and quality of cassava
Authors: Mkamilo Geoffrey , Kimata Bernadetta , Masinde Emily A. , Masisila Festo F. , Menya Rahim O. , Matondo Dwasi , Maruthi Midatharahally N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHere we investigated the effect of the insect pest whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) on cassava root yield and quality in two cropping seasons 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 on ten cassava varieties in Tanzania. ANOVA (sum of squares or SS) revealed that the time of planting (42.7%) and cassava variety (29.5%) had the largest effect on whitefly population. Not surprisingly, cassava varieties also had the highest effect (SS 39.8 to 70.4%) on both diseases and yield. An increase in whitefly population led to higher disease incidences and severity in 2015–2016 compared to 2014–2015. Some CBSD-resistant and tolerant cassava varieties like Namikonga and Kiroba, respectively, harboured high whitefly populations. The CMD, CBSD and whitefly-susceptible variety, Mreteta, showed highest yield losses of up to 60%, while the resistant variety NDL 2005/1471 had approximately 1% loss. Deployment of varieties resistant to both diseases and whitefly is thus necessary to safeguard cassava production and food security of vulnerable communities in the affected African countries.
Cholinesterase Inhibitory Compounds from Peltophorum Pterocarpum Flowers
Authors: Monehin James A. , Oriola Ayodeji O. , Olawuni Idowu J. , Odediran Samuel A. , Ige Olufola O. , Idowu Thomas O. , Ogundaini Abiodun O. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNeurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson disease, affect millions of people worldwide. Natural cholinesterase inhibitors are an important class of lead drugs that have gained much interest for the management of NDs in recent time. They continue to provide promising alternatives to synthetic ones because of their more superior drug-like properties. The aerial part of Peltophorum petrocarpum is popularly used in the African ethnomedicine as a remedy for memory loss. The leaves have been explored for their cholinesterase compounds, while the flowers are yet to be investigated. Therefore, the study evaluated the flower extract for its cholinesterase inhibitory compounds. An activity-guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation and characterization of two cholinesterase inhibitory compounds, namely: bergenin (1) and a newly described coumarin derivative, 3,4,5,5a-tetrahydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-9-methoxy-3,5,5,5a-tetrahydro-2 H-oxepino[3,2-c]chromen-6-(11bH)one, named peltophorin (2). The compounds were isolated on repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction. Their structures were elucidated by comparison of the mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1D- and 2D-NMR) data to literature reports. Both compounds demonstrated in vitro inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes involved in neurodegeneration. The identified compounds exhibited a comparable AChE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 90 µM), which is lower than eserine, the positive control at IC50 of 12.4 ± 0.4 and 21.0 ± 1.0 µM against AChE and BuChE enzymes, respectively. Bergenin (1) notably demonstrated better BuChE inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 57.1 ± 8.0 µM compared to peltophorin (2). In conclusion, this study has shown that the flowers of P. pterocarpum contain cholinesterase inhibitors such as bergenin and the newly described peltophorin, thus adding to the repository of natural coumarins with anti-cholinesterase activity.
Effectiveness of nano dust enhanced with pirimiphos-methyl in controlling Sitophilus oryzae on wheat grain
Authors: Wahba Trandil F. , Aly Hesham M. , Shaker Nader , Hassan Noura A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe bioefficacy of several inert materials, such as Diatomaceous earth (DE), bentonite, and biochar enhanced with pirimiphos-methyl against Sitophilus oryzae, was used to evaluate the insecticidal activity of three new formulations using the technique of mixing with grain. DE was the most effective material (LC50 3.198 g/kg), followed by biochar LC50 3.709 g/kg, whereas bentonite was the least effective (LC50 3. 979 g/kg). The three materials were loaded with pirimiphos-methyl (0.5%). The formula of Pirimiphos-methyl with DE reported the highest significant effect compared to the other two formulations, with an LC50 value of 0.082 g/kg. DE formula had a co-toxicity coefficient value that was 6.46 times greater than pirimiphos-methyl, followed by the biochar formula, which was 1.74 times more effective, and the bentonite formula, which had a 0.69-fold increase in activity. In the laboratory examination of the wheat’s free and compact bulk densities after being treated with LC50s of each dust material, DE slightly affected wheat-free bulk density. Still, both bentonite and biochar reduced the free bulk density. However, all the tested materials decreased in compact bulk density. The germination percentages of wheat treated with LC50 values of DE and bentonite and biochar after 10 days of storage revealed no significant difference between treated and untreated seeds after 7 days of germination.
Thermodynamics analysis of acetaminophen and its metabolites using density functional theory
Authors: Mekky Abdel-baset H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe thermodynamics factors of acetaminophen and its metabolites were considered using density functional theory (DFT) at 298.15 K temperature and 1 atm. pressure. The resultant Thermodynamics factors were at that time analyzed and compared to determine the influence of temperature and pressure on the stability of the metabolite and its potential behavior in changed environments. The results display that the internal energy, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, entropy, heat capacity at constant volume (Cv), and Cp at constant pressure (Cp) all affected by the temperature increases. The internal energy (U) of the most stable molecule increases with the increase in temperature, while the heat capacity (H) decreases with the decrease in pressure. The heat capacity and heat capacity of sulfate (APS) are stable at changed temperatures and pressures. These results will make available valued information on the Thermodynamics behavior of Acetaminophen (AP), Acetaminophen cysteine (APCys), Acetaminophen glucuronide (APGlc), and Acetaminophen sulfate (APS) metabolites which can be used to recognize their behavior in the body and how they are metabolized. Furthermore, the results of this study will be responsible for a better understanding of the thermal stability of these molecules under different conditions and guide the development of new drugs and therapies.
Signal Peptide Peptidase and PI4Kβ1/2 play opposite roles in plant ER stress response and immunity
Authors: Thulasi Devendrakumar Karen , Peng Tony ShengZhe , Pierdzig Leon , Jackson Edan , Lipka Volker , Li Xin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Arabidopsis pi4kβ1,2 mutant is mutated in the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) β1 and PI4Kβ2 enzymes which are involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), a minor membrane lipid with important signaling roles. pi4kβ1,2 plants display autoimmunity and shorter roots. Though the pi4kβ1,2 mutant has been extensively characterized, the source of its autoimmunity remains largely unknown. In this study, through a genetic suppressor screen, we identified multiple partial loss-of-function alleles of signal peptide peptidase (spp) that can suppress all the defects of pi4kβ1,2. SPP is an intramembrane cleaving aspartic protease. Interestingly, pi4kβ1,2 plants display enhanced ER stress response and mutations in SPP can suppress such phenotype. Furthermore, reduced ER stress responses were observed in the spp single mutants. Overall, our study reveals a previously unknown function of PI4Kβ and SPP in ER stress and plant immunity.
Highly Accurate Method for a Singularly Perturbed Coupled System of Convection–Diffusion Equations with Robin Boundary Conditions
Authors: Ahmed H. M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper’s major goal is to provide a numerical approach for estimating solutions to a coupled system of convection–diffusion equations with Robin boundary conditions (RBCs). We devised a novel method that used four homogeneous RBCs to generate basis functions using generalized shifted Legendre polynomials (GSLPs) that satisfy these RBCs. We provide new operational matrices for the derivatives of the developed polynomials. The collocation approach and these operational matrices are utilized to find approximate solutions for the system under consideration. The given system subject to RBCs is turned into a set of algebraic equations that can be solved using any suitable numerical approach utilizing this technique. Theoretical convergence and error estimates are investigated. In conclusion, we provide three illustrative examples to demonstrate the practical implementation of the theoretical study we have just presented, highlighting the validity, usefulness, and applicability of the developed approach. The computed numerical results are compared to those obtained by other approaches. The methodology used in this study demonstrates a high level of concordance between approximate and exact solutions, as shown in the presented tables and figures.