bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in patients with septic shock after the administration of etomidate
Authors: Mohammad Zulfiqar , Afessa Bekele , Finkielman Javier D 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Introduction
Etomidate blocks adrenocortical synthesis when it is administered intravenously as a continuous infusion or a single bolus. The influence of etomidate administration on the incidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in patients with septic shock has not been formally investigated. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in patients with septic shock after etomidate administration compared with patients with septic shock who did not receive etomidate.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 152 adults with septic shock who had a consyntropin stimulation test between March 2002 and August 2003 in a tertiary medical center were included. Relative adrenal insufficiency was defined as a rise in serum cortisol ≤ 9 μg/dl after the administration of 250 μg of consyntropin. Patients were divided into those who did and those who did not receive etomidate before the stimulation test. The proportion of patients with relative adrenal insufficiency in these two groups was compared using Fischer's exact test. A P of value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 64 years, 59% of patients were male, 97% of patients were white and their hospital mortality rate was 57%. Thirty-eight patients (25%) received etomidate before the cosyntropin stimulation test, and the median (interquartile range) time interval between the administration of the drug and the test was 7 (4–10) hours. The incidence of relative adrenal insufficiency was 76% in the patients who received etomidate compared with 51% in the patients who did not (P = 0.0077).

Conclusion
The incidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in patients with septic shock is increased when the stimulation test is performed after the administration of etomidate.
Mechanistic analysis of experimental food allergen-induced cutaneous reactions
Authors: Prescott Vanessa E , Forbes Elizabeth , Foster Paul S , Matthaei Klaus , Hogan Simon P 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Individuals with food allergy often present with uritcaria and atopic dermatitis. Indeed, susceptibility to food allergy may predispose to the development of these cutaneous allergic disorders. Recently, we developed a model of food allergy, whereby oral consumption of food [pea Pisum sativum L.; expressing α-amylase inhibitor-1 (αAI) from the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Tendergreen (pea-αAI)] promotes a T helper cell type 2 (Th2) inflammatory response and predisposes to cutaneous allergic reactions following subsequent food allergen (αAI) exposure. To delineate the kinetics of food allergen-induced cutaneous reactions and examine the inflammatory mechanisms involved in this allergic reaction, we used interleukin (IL)-13-, IL-4 receptor α-, and eotaxin-1-deficient mice and performed serum transfer and CD4+ T cell depletion studies. We demonstrate that consumption of pea-αAI promotes an αAI-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgE antibody response. Furthermore, we show that subsequent food allergen (αAI) challenge in the skin induced an early (3 h)- and late-phase (24 h) cutaneous allergic reaction. The early-phase response was associated with mast cell degranulation and the presence of Ig, whereas the late-phase response was characterized by a lymphoid and eosinophilic infiltrate, which was critically regulated by CD4+ T cells, IL-13, and eotaxin-1. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that food allergy can predispose to cutaneous inflammatory reactions, and these processes are critically regulated by Th2immune factors.
The role of JAM-A and PECAM-1 in modulating leukocyte infiltration in inflamed and ischemic tissues
Authors: Nourshargh Sussan , Krombach Fritz , Dejana Elisabetta 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Innate and adaptive immunological responses are accompanied by leukocyte adhesion to the blood-vessel wall and their subsequent infiltration into the underlying tissues. In the majority of the cases, leukocytes cross the endothelium by squeezing through the border of apposed endothelial cells, a process that is known as diapedesis. Many data suggest that proteins at endothelial junctions establish homophilic interactions with identical proteins, which are present on leukocytes. These interactions might then direct the passage of leukocytes through the endothelial border. In this review, we focus on two endothelial junctional proteins [junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) and PECAM], which play an important role in leukocyte diapedesis. In vivo data with blocking antibodies or inactivation of JAM-A and PECAM genes indicate that the role of these two proteins depends on the stimulus and the experimental model used.
Tumor growth or regression: powered by inflammation
Authors: Nelson Delia , Ganss Ruth 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Malignant cells thrive in a highly specialized, stromal environment, which harbors support cells, blood vessels, and diverse leukocyte populations. There is increasing evidence that “by default”, intratumoral inflammation fosters angiogenic and vasculogenic processes and simultaneously creates an immunosuppressive micromilieu. This self-amplifying loop of proangiogenic inflammation represents a serious obstacle for adaptive anticancer immune responses. However, angiogenesis is a highly dynamic process, which can be reversed in the “right” inflammatory context; this in turn facilitates immune effector cell entry and tumor rejection. Thus, we propose that a shift from proangiogenic to antiangiogenic inflammation creates a tumor environment permissive for immune destruction. This is a new concept, which integrates antiangiogenic and immune therapeutic treatment modalities.
Dual role of macrophages in tumor growth and angiogenesis
Authors: Lamagna Chrystelle , Aurrand-Lions Michel , Imhof Beat A 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
During the neoplastic progression, macrophages as well as dendritic and NK cells are attracted into the tumor site and initiate the immune response against transformed cells. They activate and present tumor antigens to T cells, which are then activated to kill tumor cells. However, tumor cells are often capable of escaping the immune machinery. As the immune surveillance is not sufficient anymore, tumor-associated macrophages contribute to tumor progression. It is notable that tumor-associated macrophages promote the proliferation of tumor cells directly by secreting growth factors. They also participate in tumor progression by acting on endothelial cells and thus promoting the neovascularization of the tumor. Tumor-associated macrophages are indeed key protagonists during angiogenesis and promote each step of the angiogenesis cascade.
Self Aggregation of Cationic Porphyrin in Water
Authors: Kano Koji , Nakajima Takeshi , Takei Masao , Hashimoto Shizunobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Self aggregation of 4,4′,4″,4'″-(21H,23H-porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrakis[1-methylpyridinium] cation (TMPyP4+) in water has been verified by means of fluorescence and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The novel fluorescence behavior of TMPyP such as extraordinarily red-shifted Q(0-0) fluorescence band, blue shift of this band upon dilution, effects of added sodium chloride and sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles, and short fluorescence lifetime strongly suggests the formation of a stacking-type dimer of TMPyP4+ at the TMPyP concentrations above 1×10−6 mol dm−3. The 1H NMR signal due to the porphyrin ring protons was observed as a broad singlet even though the concentration of TMPyP in D2O was 1×10−5 mol dm−3 while the signal in DMSO-d6 was a sharp singlet, suggesting the spontaneous association of TMPyP4+ to form the face-to-face dimer having a considerably loose structure. The π–π interaction has been assumed to be enhanced upon photoexcitation.
Nonstoichiometry and Electrical Resistivity in Two Mixed Metal Oxides, La2NiO4−x and LaSrNiO4−x
Authors: Ishikawa Kenji , Kondo Shin-ichi , Okano Hirofumi , Suzuki Shigenori , Suzuki Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two mixed oxides, La2NiO4−x and LaSrNiO4−x, had the K2NiF4 structure in the oxygen-pressure range from 58000 down to 130 Pa at 1173 K. The oxygen-vacancy concentration, x, in both La2NiO4−x and in LaSrNiO4−x at 1173 K was determined by thermogravimetric analysis in the oxygen-pressure range from 58000 to 1.3 Pa. The vacancy concentration of LaSrNiO4−x was greater than that of La2NiO4−x at the same oxygen pressure at 1173 K. The electrical resistivities of La2NiO4−x and LaSrNiO4−x were measured at 473–1173 K under an oxygen atmosphere at 98–58000 Pa. The density of the state and the drift mobility of oxygen stoichiometric La2NiO4 and LaSrNiO4 were estimated from the resistivity data and from the results on the thermogravimetric analysis.
Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Spectral Properties of Five- and Six-Coordinate Nitrosyl(protoporphyrin IX dimethyl esterato)iron(II) Complexes
Authors: Yoshimura Tetsuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
EPR and electronic spectra of five- and six-coordinate nitrosyl(protoporphyrin IX dimethyl esterato)iron(II) (Fe(ppixdme)(NO)) complexes as model systems for nitrosylhemoproteins have been investigated in the absence and the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Dimethyl sulfoxide, an O-donor ligand, is weakly coordinated to iron in an axial vacant position trans to a nitrosyl group in Fe(ppixdme)(NO). Upon addition of SDS to Fe(ppixdme)(NO) in dimethyl sulfoxide, EPR and electronic spectra were changed into five-coordinate type spectra. On the other hand, the addition of SDS to Fe(ppixdme)(NO)(NMeIm) in dimethyl sulfoxide resulted in EPR and electronic spectra arising from a mixture of five- and six-coordinate complexes. Accordingly, sodium dodecyl sulfate was found to hinder the interaction of dimethyl sulfoxide with the sixth axial vacant position of Fe(ppixdme)(NO), and to cleave only partly the iron to imidazole bond in Fe(ppixdme)(NO)(NMeIm) complex.
Mixed Ligand Complexes of Trivalent Metal Ions with an Amine-N-polycarboxylate and Fluoride
Authors: Yuchi Akio , Hotta Hitoshi , Wada Hiroko , Nakagawa Genkichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The formation constants of the mixed ligand complexes MLF(M : Al3+, Ga3+, In3+, Fe3+, Sc3+, Y3+, La3+; L: nta3−, hedta3−, edta4−, cdta4−) were determined. Reactivity of a trivalent metal ion with fluoride generally decreases by the coordination of an amine-N-polycarboxylate. From the decrease the structures of the parent and mixed ligand complexes are discussed.
Syntheses and Properties of [1,1′-Bis(α-Aminoisobutyric Acid)]Gramicidin S and [1-α-Aminoisobutyric Acid]Semigramicidin S
Authors: Kondo Michio , Kimura Mikio , Sato Ken-ichi , Horimoto Hideaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Analogs of gramicidin S, [1,1′-bis(α-aminoisobutyric acid)]gramicidin S (18) and [1-α-aminoisobutyric acid] semigramicidin S (11), have been synthesized by a conventional solution method. The cyclization reactions of a linear pentapeptide active ester and a linear decapeptide active ester yielded exclusively a protected cyclic pentapeptide and a protected cyclic decapeptide, respectively. After deprotection of these peptides, we obtained the final products (11 and 18). The mobility of 18 in paper electrophoresis was the same as that of gramicidin S, however, the CD spectrum of 18 in a methanol solution showed a markedly different pattern from that of gramicidin S. Both analogs (11 and 18) are inactive against the Gram-positive microorganisms tested. The results suggest that the positions of the valine residues in gramicidin S require a hydrophobic amino acid having l-configuration to show activity.
Autoxidation of Guaiazulene and 4,6,8-Trimethylazulene in Polar Aprotic Solvent: Structural Proof for Products
Authors: Matsubara Yoshiharu , Takekuma Shin-ichi , Yokoi Katsumi , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Nozoe Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Autoxidation of guaiazulene and 4,6,8-trimethylazulene at 100–120°C in DMF (or HMPA) respectively yielded 25 and 17 separable products, including several known compounds. Most of these new compounds were derivatives of 1,5- and 1,7-azulenequinone, 1H-inden-1-one, naphthoquinone, and benzenoid, or dimeric and trimeric forms; structures of these products were established on the basis of spectroscopic (NMR, UV, IR, and MS) and half-wave potential (E1⁄2) data. 1H NMR (200-MHz) parameters of various azulene derivatives are given for comparative study. Possible reaction pathways are suggested for the formation of such a wide variety of interesting products.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of N,N′-Dimethyl-5-alkylidene- and arylmethylenehydantoins Catalyzed by (Achiral Base)bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(II)-Chiral Cocatalyst System
Authors: Takeuchi Seiji , Ohgo Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Asymmetric hydrogenation of N,N′-dimethyl-5-alkylidene- and arylmethylenehydantoins catalyzed by an achiral base coordinated bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(II)-chiral 2-quinuclidinecarboxamide was examined. Attempts resulted in a maximum optical yield in this system (82.1% ee), strongly supporting a proposed asymmetric hydrogenation mechanism in which the chiral base acts as a proton donor, namely, a cocatalyst.
Carbonate Formation from Oxiranes and Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Organotin Halide-Tetraalkylphosphonium Halide Complexes
Authors: Baba Akio , Nozaki Takashi , Matsuda Haruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to oxiranes was excellently promoted by the complexes of organotin halides and tetraalkylonium halides, while either components of the complexes had no catalytic activity individually. Particularly, the complex composed of Bu3SnI–Bu4PI was the most favorable catalyst, yielding a variety of fivemembered cyclic carbonates under neutral and mild conditions.
Studies on the Lattice Dynamics in Ferrocene Derivatives by Means of Recoil-Free Fraction and Thermal Shift in Mössbauer Spectra
Authors: Iwai Kumiko , Katada Motomi , Motoyama Izumi , Sano Hirotoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Lattice dynamics in ferrocene derivatives, mono- and disubstituted acetyl-, carboxy-, and ethylferrocenes, tetrachloro(1,1′-diacetylferrocenato-O,O′)tin(IV) and tetrachlorobis(acetylferrocenato-O)tin(IV) have been studied by determining the temperature dependence of the recoil-free fraction and the thermal shift in the Mössbauer spectra. It was found that the lattice vibrations in acetyl- and carboxyferrocenes and adducts could be satisfactorily explained by assuming a harmonic oscillation model, while those of ethyl-substituted ferrocenes could not be interpreted by assuming harmonic vibrations.
Glycinoeclepins, Natural Hatching Stimuli for the Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera Glycines. I. Isolation
Authors: Masamune Tadashi , Anetai Masaki , Fukuzawa Akio , Takasugi Mitsuo , Matsue Hideki , Kobayashi Kiroku , Ueno Shoji , Katsui Nobukatsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Hatching stimuli, designated as glycinoeclepins, for the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) have been isolated by repeated chromatography of the aqueous extracts of dried roots of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), one of the host plants of the nematode. One of these compounds, glycinoeclepin A, stimulates the hatching and emergence of larvae in vitro in highly diluted aqueous solutions.
Photoreduction of Anthraquinone by Triethylamine in Ethanol and Toluene Studied by Steady-State Photolysis and Laser Photolysis
Authors: Hamanoue Kumao , Nakayama Toshihiro , Yamamoto Yoshiaki , Sawada Kazuhide , Yuhara Yoshihito , Teranishi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Photoreduction of anthraquinone (AQ) by triethylamine (TEA) in toluene and ethanol was studied by means of steady-state photolysis and laser photolysis. In toluene, addition of TEA enhanced the quantum yield of photoreduction of AQ, and the reaction was found to originate via the formation of an exciplex between ground-state TEA and the lowest triplet state of AQ: This exciplex changed to a contact ion pair followed by proton transfer, generating anthrasemiquinone radical and triethylamine radical, and 9,10-anthracenediol was obtained as the final photoproduct. Although the mechanism of the photoreduction of AQ in ethanol/TEA was essentially the same as that in toluene/TEA and the final products in ethanol/TEA were 9,10-anthracenediol and its anion, the quantum yield of photoreduction decreased with increase in TEA concentration. It was proposed that the exciplex in ethanol was quenched by ground-state TEA via the formation of a triplex of a radical anion of AQ and a radical cation of TEA dimer bonded by the three σ-electrons on two nitrogen atoms, based on the suggestion made by Hub et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 106, 701 (1984); 106, 708 (1984)).
Three-Component Coupling Synthesis of Prostaglandins: The Aldol Route
Authors: Suzuki Masaaki , Kawagishi Toshio , Yanagisawa Akira , Suzuki Takehiko , Okamura Noriaki , Noyori Ryoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A one-pot, high yield construction of the whole prostaglandin (PG) skeleton is accomplishable by combination of the copper-mediated conjugate addition of an ω side-chain unit to a 4R-oxygenated 2-cyclopentenone derivative and aldol condensation of the in situ generated enolate with an α side-chain aldehyde. Subsequent removal of the 7-hydroxyl group from the adducts and deblocking of the protective groups give PGs of E series. PGE1 has been prepared in 56% overall yield through the five-step sequence. Selective transformation of the PGE to PGD structure can be realized simply by appropriate selection of the hydroxyl protective groups in the five-membered ring and ω side-chain units. The vicinal carba-condensation using methyl 6-formyl-5-hexynoate as the α side-chain aldehyde unit followed by deoxygenation from the aldol products gives the 5,6-didehydro-PGE2 derivatives which serve as key intermediates in the general synthesis of various natural PGs. An efficient method for resolution of 4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenone is also described.
Copper(II)–Lanthanoid(III) Complexes of Binucleating Ligands Derived from 3-Formylsalicylic Acid and Diamines
Authors: Sakamoto Masatomi , Takagi Minoru , Ishimori Tomitaro , Okawa Hisashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Heterometal binuclear complexes, [CuLn(fsaen)(H2O)n](NO3) (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, or Lu; n=4–5) and [CuLn(fsapn)(H2O)4](NO3) (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, or Dy) have been synthesized and characterized, where H4fsaen and H4fsapn denote N,N′-bis(3-carboxysalicylidene)ethylenediamine and N,N′-bis(3-carboxysalicylidene)-1,2-propanediamine, respectively. The ligand field band due to the copper(II) ion bound to the N2O2-site is at 18.5×103–19.5×103 cm−1 for [CuLn(fsaen)(H2O)n](NO3) and 18.4×103–19.2×103 cm−1 for [CuLn(fsapn)(H2O)4](NO3), which are higher frequencies than those of the mononuclear complexes, [Cu(H2fsaen)](H2O)0.5 and [Cu(H2fsapn)](H2O)0.5 (18.3×103 and 18.4×103 cm−1, respectively). When the complexes are dissolved in pyridine (Py), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), the d–d band frequency decreases in the order of the solvent DMSO&gt;DMF&gt;Py for the binuclear complexes, whereas it decreases in the order of DMF&gt;DMSO&gt;Py for the mononuclear complexes. These trends were discussed in terms of the different affinities of solvent molecules for copper(II) and lanthanoid(III) ions. No significant magnetic spin-exchange interaction occurred between metal ions.
Syntheses and Reactions of Allylic and Homoallylic Pyrophosphate Tetraesters
Authors: Butsugan Yasuo , Nagai Kenji , Nagaya Fumitoshi , Tabuchi Hiroki , Yamada Katsuhisa , Araki Shuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Pyrophosphate tetraesters possessing allylic and homoallylic side chains were synthesized. Reaction of alkyl allyl (and 3-methyl-3-butenyl) phosphorochloridates with sodium hydrogencarbonate gave P1,P2-dialkyl P1,P2-diallyl [and P1,P2-bis(3-methyl-3-butenyl)] pyrophosphates. Condensation of alkyl allyl (and 3-methyl-3-butenyl) phosphorochloridates with dialkyl phosphates gave trialkyl allyl (and 3-methyl-3-butenyl) pyrophosphates. Reactions of crotyl (2-butenyl) pyrophosphates with various nucleophiles such as phenolic ethers, aromatic amines, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate gave good to moderate yields of crotylated products. The crotyl pyrophosphates were found to be much more reactive than the corresponding orthophosphate esters.
Regioselective Para Halogenation of Substituted Benzenes with Benzeneseleninyl Chloride and Aluminum Halide
Authors: Kamigata Nobumasa , Satoh Takeshi , Yoshida Masato , Matsuyama Haruo , Kameyama Masayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the presence of aluminum halide, benzeneseleninyl chloride is an efficient regioselective halogenating reagent for activated aromatics such as toluene, phenol, anisole, phenetole, diphenyl ether, and N,N-dimethylaniline. Benzene and chlorobenzene are not halogenated under similar conditions.
Formation of 1,4,2,5-Dithiadiazines as a Heterocyclic System by Reaction of 1,4,2-Dithiazolium Salts with Sulfenamides
Authors: Yonemoto Katsumi , Shibuya Isao , Honda Kazumasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The first example of application of sulfenamides for ring expansion on nitrogen atom has been reported to give 1,4,2,5-dithiadiazines (3) from 1,4,2-dithiazolium salts (1). The structure of 3 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The similar ring expansion reaction occurred on 1,3-dithiolium salts (5) to afford 1,4,2-dithiazines (6).
A Simple and Convenient Synthesis of Aryl-Substituted Push–Pull Butadienes from 1,1-Diaryl-2-Propyn-1-ols
Authors: Nakatsuji Shin’ichi , Nakashima Kenichiro , Iyoda Masahiko , Akiyama Shuzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1,1-Diaryl-2-propyn-1-ol derivatives reacted with several nucleophiles to afford novel 1,1-diarylbutadiene systems. An efficient one-step synthesis of aryl-substituted push–pull butadiene systems was achieved by this reaction.
Structural Study of Lithium, Magnesium, and Barium Vanadate Glasses by Means of Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Authors: Nishida Tetsuaki , Saruwatari Setsuko , Takashima Yoshimasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
All the isomer shifts for Li2O–, MgO–, and BaO–V2O5 glasses containing 10 mol% Fe2O3 are in a range of 0.39–0.37 mm s−1, indicating that iron is present as tetrahedral Fe3+ ions. This suggests that all the Fe3+ ions are present at the substitutional sites of tetrahedral V5+ or V4+ ions constituting the skeleton of each glass matrix. Distinct decreases in the quadrupole splitting and the glass transition temperatures are observed when Li2O is incorporated into V2O5 matrix, suggesting a gradual change of the glass matrix from the layer structure originally composed of VO5 tetragonal pyramids to a chain structure composed of VO4 tetrahedra. This structural change is essentially the same as that of Na2O– and K2O–V2O5 glasses. On the other hand, simultaneous increases in the quadrupole splitting and the glass transition temperatures are observed with increasing MgO or BaO content in the case of MgO– and BaO–V2O5 glasses. This suggests a gradual change of the glass matrix from the original layer structure to a highly complicated three-dimensional network structure composed of VO4 tetrahedra, similarly to the case of P2O5–V2O5 glasses.
The Synthesis of Methyl (15S)-16-Hydroxydehydroabietate and Its (15R)-Epimer
Authors: Matsumoto Takashi , Imai Sachihiko , Hayashi Noriaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to elucidate the absolute configuration of C-15 in natural 16-hydroxydehydroabietic acid, a metabolite of (+)-dehydroabietic acid in rabbits, methyl (+)-dehydroabietate was transformed into methyl (15S)-16-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-18-oate (3a) and its (15R)-epimer (3b). The synthetic 3a was identical with a methyl ester derived from the natural acid. Thus, the absolute configuration of C-15 in natural 16-hydroxydehydroabietic acid was conclusively assigned as an S-configuration.