bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of ozone treatment on the properties of raw and degummed tassar silk fabrics
Authors: Sargunamani D. , Selvakumar N. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOzone is a powerful oxidizing agent and is widely used in various applications, which includes bleaching of cotton. Literature on the action of ozone on silk is almost not available. Therefore, an elaborate study was carried out to understand the effects of process parameters in the ozone treatment of raw and degummed tassar silk fabrics on their properties. The study was extended with a view to compare the ozone treatment with soap degumming and hydrogen peroxide treatment carried out on raw and degummed tassar silk fabrics, respectively. The treatment results in improvement in pliability of the fabric and reduction in color. Decrease in breaking strength, breaking elongation, and weight as well an increase in amino group content is also experienced by the material. The results obtained are substantiated with tyrosine content, scanning electron micrographs, and infrared spectroscopy of the treated materials. The effect of pH on the treatment is maximum upto pH 4 and then decreases. The treatment is more severe when the wet pickup used is 50% compared to 10 and 100%. With respect to treatment time, though the severity increases with time, it is maximum during the first 10 min of the treatment. Soap degumming of raw silk fabric results in little higher yellowness index and lesser loss in breaking strength and elongation and flexural rigidity compared to that of ozone‐treated material. There is not much of difference between ozone and hydrogen peroxide treatments of degummed silk fabric, except for the lesser yellowness index obtained in the latter case. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 147–155, 2007
Thermal behaviors and flame‐retardancy of styrene–ethylene–butadiene–styrene–block copolymer containing various additives
Authors: Ishikawa Tomoyuki , Takasa Kenji , Yamashita Takehiko , Mizuno Kohshiroh , Takeda Kunihiko 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe thermal behaviors and the flame‐retardancy of styrene–ethylene–butadiene–styrene–block copolymer containing various additives were studied. The combustion was measured by the Underwriter laboratory (UL) test and cone calorimeter test and thermogravimetric analysis and program‐mass spectroscopy were applied to analyze the thermal behaviors. The blend with halogen additives showed the best result in the UL test. However, the blend with red‐phosphorous was the best in the cone calorimeter test. As the styrene sequence in the copolymer tended to degradate at a lower temperature, the major scission products spouted out from the polymer surface originated from polystyrene. The shorter the ignition times of the blends with red‐phosphorous were, the lower the peak heat release rates were. It was an interesting phenomenon because it suggested that the chemical structure of the residue changed to more stable polymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 156–161, 2007
Synthesis and characterization of TRITON™ X‐based surfactants with carboxylic or amino groups in the oxyethylene chain end
Authors: Lee Don‐Ik , Choi Jae‐Young , Lee Eun Sung , Ha Chang‐Suk , Han Myounghee , Bae Jin‐Young 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis and characterization of a series of TRITON™ X‐based surfactants with a predominantly alkyl phenol ethoxylate (APE) backbone and carboxylic or amino chain ends. Three carboxylic acid‐containing TRITON X (or APE)‐derivatives, [OPE2‐COOH], [OPE5‐COOH], and [OPE10‐COOH], were prepared from commercially available octyl phenol ethoxylate (OPE) of different oxyethylene units (i.e., n = 2, 5, and 10) and ethyl bromoacetate via a simple etherification reaction followed by saponification. Two amine‐containing TRITON X ‐derivatives, [NPE10‐NH2] and [NPE10‐imidazole], were prepared based on modifications of mesylate of nonyl phenol ethoxylate (NPE) of 10 oxyethylene units reacted with ammonia and imidazole, respectively. Depending on their composition and chain length of oxyethylene units used in the reaction, the surfactants show different thermal degradation behaviors. The carboxylic acid‐containing surfactants give no char at high temperatures under air condition. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 162–170, 2007
Flexural, compression, chemical resistance, and morphology studies on granite powder‐filled epoxy and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene‐toughened epoxy matrices
Authors: Ramakrishna H. V. , Priya S. Padma , Rai S. K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGranite powder is an inexpensive material that can reduce the overall cost of a composite if used as a filler in epoxy and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)‐toughened epoxy matrices. Epoxy and ABS‐toughened epoxy resins filled with granite powder were cast into sheets. To enhance the properties of these composites, granite powder was treated with triethoxymethyl silane coupling agent. Flexural properties, compression properties, chemical resistance, and morphology of these composites were studied. The filler used varied from 0 to 60 wt %. Composites consisting of ABS‐toughened epoxy with treated granite powder were found to be superior in mechanical properties to composites with treated and untreated granite powder. Composites with 50 wt % of granite powder was found to have maximum mechanical properties in all cases. All the three composites, i.e., untreated, treated and ABS toughened composites showed good resistance toward, acids, alkalis, and solvents. Treating granite powder with silane coupling agent enhances its mechanical properties and improves the interfacial bond between granite powder and the matrix. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 171–177, 2007
Novel CO2 laser drawing of thermotropic liquid crystal polymer and poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) blend fibers
Authors: Kim Seong Yun , Kim Seong Hun , Kim Jun Young , Cho Hyun Hok 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThermotropic liquid crystal polymer (TLCP)/poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) (PEN) were prepared by a melt blending, and were melt spun by a spin‐draw process. In this study, we suggest novel drawing technology using the CO2 laser that can directly and uniformly heat up fiber inside to prevent the formation of ununiform structures in conventional heat drawing process. The properties of the heat/laser drawn TLCP/PEN blend fibers were superior to those of any other handled fibers, and were rather more excellent than those of TLCP/PEN blend fibers annealed at 135°C for 10 min. It was confirmed that the CO2 laser drawing made it possible to achieve the optimal drawing effect by draw ratio. The combined heating and CO2 laser‐drawing method has a great potential for industrial applications as a novel fiber‐drawing process, and it can also be applied continuously to conventional spin‐draw system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 205–211, 2007
Mathematical modeling of insulin sorption by ion‐exchange fiber
Authors: Medović Adela , Škundrić Petar , Pajić‐Lijaković Ivana , Kostić Mirjana 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the phenomenon and kinetics of insulin chemisorption by cation‐exchange acrylic fibers, as well as the development of theoretical modeling of the chemisorption process. Change of the insulin concentration in solution was determined by UV spectrophotometric method. The profile of insulin concentration in the fiber was determined by application of mathematical model. The developed mathematical model describes the chemisorption process using fractional kinetics equations of diffusion. Taking all the relevant conditions, regarding this experiment, into consideration, the coefficient of insulin diffusion into the fiber, overdamped effect parameter, as well as the concentration ratio parameter were determined by the mathematical model. Proposed modeling approach is useful for the description of transport dynamics in complex systems as polymer transport through the porous matrices, which are governed by anomalous diffusion. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 253–260, 2007
Influence of enzymatic treatment on the properties of linen
Authors: Kan C. W. , Yuen C. W. M. , Jiang S. Q. , Tung W. S. , Cheng S. Y. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this article, the effectiveness of cellulase treatment on linen was evaluated by means of phenol‐sulfuric acid method. This method was performed by determining sugar liberation in the treatment bath with the amount expressed in glucose equivalence. As compared with conventional method, the measurement of amount of sugar liberated gave a more reliable and accurate result than the weight loss method. It was found that although weight loss of cellulose became negligible when the treatment was done under agitation‐free condition, the amount of sugar liberated was still readily measurable. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 286–289, 2007
Polyaniline encapsulated microporous polymer beads and their vapor and gas adsorption behavior
Authors: Deb Pramil C. , Rajput Lalit D. , Singh Pravin K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractStyrene‐maleic acid copolymer beads and styrene‐divinylbenzene beads were encapsulated with polyaniline by insitu oxidative polymerization of aniline. These beads both in unmodified and encapsulated forms were studied for their organic vapor and hydrogen adsorption behavior at 30°C and reduced pressure. Enhanced adsorption of hydrogen to the extent of 4.9 mass % was observed for encapsulated styrene‐maleic acid copolymer beads. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 297–303, 2007
A. Asonuma, Y. Fang and R. Rousseau, ‘Reflections on the age distribution of Japanese scientists’. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology57(3) 2006, 342–346
Authors: Asonuma Akihiro , Fang Yong , Rousseau Ronald 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 57(3) 2006, 342–346.
Biochemical and structural features of a novel cyclodextrinase from cow rumen metagenome
Authors: Ferrer Manuel , Beloqui Ana , Golyshina Olga V. , Plou Francisco J. , Neef Alexander , Chernikova Tatyana N. , Fernández‐Arrojo Lucia , Ghazi Iraj , Ballesteros Antonio , Elborough Kieran , Timmis Kenneth N. , Golyshin Peter N. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA novel enzyme, RA.04, belonging to the α‐amylase family was obtained after expression of metagenomic DNA from rumen fluid (Ferrer et al.: Environ. Microbiol. 2005, 7, 1996–2010). The purified RA.04 has a tetrameric structure (280 kDa) and exhibited maximum activity (5000 U/mg protein) at 70°C and was active within an unusually broad pH range from 5.5 to 9.0. It maintained 80% activity at pH 5.0 and 9.5 and 75°C. The enzyme hydrolyzed α‐D‐(1,4) bonds 13‐fold faster than α‐D‐(1,6) bonds to yield maltose and glucose as the main products, and it exhibited transglycosylation activity. Its preferred substrates, in the descending order, were maltooligosaccharides (C3–C7), cyclomaltoheptaose (β‐CD), cyclomaltohexaose (α‐CD), cyclomaltooctaose (γ‐CD), soluble starch, amylose, pullulan and amylopectin. The biochemical properties and amino acid sequence alignments suggested that this enzyme is a cyclomaltodextrinase. However, despite the similarity in the catalytic module (with Glu359 and Asp331 being the catalytic nucleophile and substrate‐binding residues, respectively), the enzyme bears a shorter N‐terminal domain that may keep the active site more accessible for both starch and pullulan, compared to the other known CDases. Moreover, RA.04 lacks the well‐conserved N‐terminal Trp responsible for the substrate preference typical of CDases/MAases/PNases, suggesting a new residue is implicated in the preference for cyclic maltooligosaccharides. This study has demonstrated the usefulness of a metagenomic approach to gain novel debranching enzymes, important for the bread/food industries, from microbial environments with a high rate of plant polymer turnover, exemplified by the cow rumen.
Directed evolution of glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger for ferrocenemethanol‐mediated electron transfer
Authors: Zhu Ziwei , Wang Mian , Gautam Amit , Nazor Jovana , Momeu Carmen , Prodanovic Radivoje , Schwaneberg Ulrich 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA directed evolution protocol was developed for glucose oxidase (GOx) from Aspergillus niger that mimics applications conditions and employs a well‐known mediator, oxidized ferrocenemethanol, in a medium throughput screen (96‐well plate format). Upon reduction, oxidized ferrocenemethanol shows a color change from blue to pale yellow that can be recorded at 625 nm. Under optimized screening conditions, a CV of less than 20% was achieved in 96‐well microtiter plates. For validating the screening system, two mutant libraries of GOx were generated by standard error‐prone PCR conditions (0.04 mM MnCl2) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was employed as host for secreted GOx expression. Two screening of ∼2000 GOx mutants yielded a double mutant (T30S I94V) with improved pH and thermal resistance. Thermal resistance at a residual activity of 50% was increased from 58°C (wild type, WT) to 62°C (T30S I94V) and pH stability was improved at basic pH (pH 8–11). Km for glucose remained nearly unchanged (20.8 mM WT; 21.3 mM T30S I94V) and kcat increased (69.5/s WT; 137.7/s T30S I94V).
Design and analysis of a long‐term live‐cell imaging chamber for tracking cellular dynamics within cultured human islets of Langerhans
Authors: Moogk Duane , Hanley Stephen , Ramunas John , Blaylock April , Skorepova Jana , Rosenberg Lawrence , Jervis Eric 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA means of expanding islet cell mass is urgently needed to supplement the limited availability of donor islets of Langerhans for transplant. Live cell imaging of human islets in culture has the potential to identify the specific cells and processes involved in islet expansion. A novel imaging chamber was developed to facilitate long‐term three‐dimensional imaging of human islets during transformation. Islets have been induced to transform into duct‐like epithelial cystic structures and revert back to glucose responsive endocrine cells under appropriate conditions (Jamal et al. Cell Death Differ. 2005 12:702–712). Here we aim to further our understanding by characterizing the process at a single cell level over time—essentially constructing a high resolution recorded history of each cell and its progeny during transformation and reversion. The imaging chamber enables high resolution imaging of three‐dimensional islets while maintaining the structure of the islet cells and intercellular matrix components. A mathematical model was developed to validate the imaging chamber design by determining the required chamber dimensions to avoid introduction of oxygen and nutrient transport limitations. Human islets were embedded in collagen in the imaging chamber and differential interference contrast time course images were obtained at 3 min intervals. Immunofluorescent imaging confirmed that islet phenotype was maintained for at least 5 days during imaging. Analysis of the time courses confirms our ability to identify and track individual cells over time and to observe cell death and phenotype transformation in isolated human islets. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 97: 1138–1147. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Phosphinate‐Based Red Fluorescent Probe for Imaging the Superoxide Radical Anion Generated by RAW264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Xu Kehua , Liu Xia , Tang Bo 
Published: January 2007

Abstract4′,9′‐Bis(diphenylphosphinyl)naphthofluorescein (PNF‐1) has been designed and synthesized as a highly selective, sensitive, cell‐permeable, red fluorescent probe for detecting O2.− in biological systems. The design strategy for the probe is based on the nucleophilic mechanism of O2.− to mediate deprotection of the probe to naphthofluorescein, the emission spectrum of which is just in the spectral region of low background fluorescence interference in biological systems. Upon treatment with O2.−, the probe exhibits a strong fluorescence response and high selectivity for O2.−, rather than other reactive oxygen species or biological compounds. A linear calibration curve for PNF‐1 showed a detection limit of 0.1 nM O2.−. This new type of fluorescent probe allows nanomolar changes in O2.− concentrations in living cells to be detected by confocal microscopy.
Ligand Influence on Connectivity and Processing: Magnetic Crystals Based on Metalloceniums and Films of TCNE‐Based Magnets (TCNE=Tetracyanoethylene)
Authors: de Caro Dominique , Faulmann Christophe , Valade Lydie 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMolecular materials built from coordination complexes exhibit properties that can be explained through intermolecular electronic interactions driven by the ligand moieties. The nature of the ligand in the precursor molecules governs the connectivity of the magnetic phases and the possibility of producing them by using a gas‐phase process. Metallocenium, metal bisdithiolate materials, and solvated and solvent‐free [M(tcne)2] (tcne=tetracyanoethylene) magnets illustrate such features.
Early discontinuation of tamoxifen
Authors: Barron Thomas I. , Connolly Róisín , Bennett Kathleen , Feely John , Kennedy M. John 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Five years of treatment provides the optimum duration of tamoxifen therapy for the prevention of breast cancer recurrence and mortality. Durations of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy less than 5 years are associated with poorer outcomes for breast cancer patients. The purpose of the study was to assess rates of tamoxifen nonpersistence (early discontinuation) in women aged 35 years or older using prescription refill data from a national prescribing database.METHODS.A cohort of 2816 women commencing tamoxifen as initial hormonal therapy was identified between January 2001 and January 2004. The cumulative tamoxifen persistence rate was calculated for these women and the relation between nonpersistence and clinical and demographic variables assessed.RESULTS.Within 1 year of commencing treatment the cumulative tamoxifen nonpersistence rate was 22.1%. This is twice the rate of treatment discontinuation observed in other studies by this time. By the end of follow‐up at 3.5 years, the cumulative nonpersistence rate had increased to 35.2%. Determinants of nonpersistence identified included age and a history of antidepressant use.CONCLUSIONS.The rate of nonpersistence with tamoxifen therapy is higher than previously reported. This study demonstrates that persistence with tamoxifen cannot be assumed and raises concerns about persistence with other oral hormonal therapies for breast cancer and oral antineoplastics in general. Oncologists need to identify those at risk of nonpersistence and develop strategies to combat this barrier to treatment success. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Delay aware reliable transport in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Gungor Vehbi C. , Akan Özgür B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWireless sensor networks (WSN) are event‐based systems that rely on the collective effort of several sensor nodes. Reliable event detection at the sink is based on collective information provided by the sensor nodes and not on any individual sensor data. Hence, conventional end‐to‐end reliability definitions and solutions are inapplicable in the WSN regime and would only lead to a waste of scarce sensor resources. Moreover, the reliability objective of WSN must be achieved within a certain real‐time delay bound posed by the application. Therefore, the WSN paradigm necessitates a collective delay‐constrained event‐to‐sink reliability notion rather than the traditional end‐to‐end reliability approaches. To the best of our knowledge, there is no transport protocol solution which addresses both reliability and real‐time delay bound requirements of WSN simultaneously.In this paper, the delay aware reliable transport (DART) protocol is presented for WSN. The objective of the DART protocol is to timely and reliably transport event features from the sensor field to the sink with minimum energy consumption. In this regard, the DART protocol simultaneously addresses congestion control and timely event transport reliability objectives in WSN. In addition to its efficient congestion detection and control algorithms, it incorporates the time critical event first (TCEF) scheduling mechanism to meet the application‐specific delay bounds at the sink node. Importantly, the algorithms of the DART protocol mainly run on resource rich sink node, with minimal functionality required at resource constrained sensor nodes. Furthermore, the DART protocol can accommodate multiple concurrent event occurrences in a wireless sensor field. Performance evaluation via simulation experiments show that the DART protocol achieves high performance in terms of real‐time communication requirements, reliable event detection and energy consumption in WSN. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21) may arise from a breakage–fusion–bridge cycle
Authors: Robinson Hazel M. , Harrison Christine J. , Moorman Anthony V. , Chudoba Ilse , Strefford Jonathan C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIntrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21), involving amplification of the RUNX1 gene and duplication of chromosome 21, dup(21q), defines a new cytogenetic subgroup in B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with a poor prognosis. Characterization of this abnormality has become vital to ensure that the most accurate detection method is used. We have previously defined common regions of amplification and deletion of chromosome 21 in these patients, although the level and extent of amplification within the amplicon was highly variable. This study, using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome 21 locus specific probes, substantiated these findings in a large series of patients and confirmed that the amplicon always included RUNX1. Thus, FISH with probes directed to the RUNX1 gene remains the most reliable detection method. Metaphase FISH, supported by G‐ and multiple color chromosomal banding (mBAND) revealed the patient specific morphology and genetic profile of the dup(21q) chromosomes, as well as the complexity of the intrachromosomal changes giving rise to them. These findings suggested that iAMP21 had arisen from a breakage–fusion–bridge cycle: a mechanism previously described in tumors, which we report for the first time in ALL. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.