bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic Nonischemic Priapism Treated with Autologous Blood Clot Embolization
Authors: Numan Furuzan , Cantasdemir Murat , Ozbayrak Mustafa , Sanli Oner , Kadioglu Ates , Hasanefendioglu Aylin , Bas Ahmet 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
High-flow arterial priapism is rare and characterized by a prolonged nonpainful erection. Autologous clot embolization allows complete resolution of the problem in most of the cases.

Aim
To review our experience with superselective transcatheter embolization in the treatment of nonischemic priapism.

Main Outcome Measures
Advances in the understanding of the nonischemic priapism with the aid of newer techniques have altered the current management of nonischemic priapism.

Materials and Methods
Between 2002 and 2006, 11 patients underwent superselective transcatheter embolization of nonischemic priapism with blunt trauma to the penis or perineum. All patients underwent diagnostic evaluation with color–flow Doppler ultrasound and superselective pudendal arteriography, revealing bilateral arteriocorporal fistula and pseudoaneurysm in two cases, bilateral arteriocorporal fistula in one case, unilateral arteriocorporal fistula in one case, and unilateral arteriocorporal fistula and pseudoaneurysm in seven cases. Autologous blood clot was used as an embolization agent in all cases combined with microcatheter guidance.

Results
The procedure was technically successful in all cases. In three (27.2%) cases, a second embolization was required due to recurrence of priapism. In all patients, erectile function was restored within 6 weeks of the procedure. Follow-ups at 6 and 12 months after the last procedure revealed that full erectile capacity was restored in 10 of 11 patients, and these patients did not experience further recurrence of priapism. One patient reported a slight decrease in the quality of his penile erection.

Conclusions
Our experience revealed that superselective transcatheter embolization and transient occlusion of the fistula with autologous blood clot is an effective therapy for the treatment of nonischemic priapism. Furthermore, recovery of erectile function due to recanalization of the occluded vessel occurred weeks after the procedure.
Dysregulation of Emotions and Premature Ejaculation (PE): Alexithymia in 100 Outpatients
Authors: Michetti Paolo Maria , Rossi Roberta , Bonanno Daniele , De Dominicis Carlo , Iori Francesco , Simonelli Chiara 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There is still a lack of agreement on etiology, definition, and mechanisms that underlie premature ejaculation (PE) as well as on the different role and interaction between psychological and biological factors.
Alexithymia is a deficit in identifying and communicating emotions that is presumed to play an important role in psychosomatic diseases. The influences of alexithymic features on sexuality are still understudied.

Aim
Following a previous report on the relationship between alexithymia and erectile dysfunction, the objective of this study was the investigation of alexithymic features in patients with lifelong PE compared with controls, and the relationship between alexithymia level and PE severity.

Methods
We assessed 100 consecutive outpatients with lifelong PE (age range 20–60). A control group of 100 male volunteers was recruited for the control group. The two groups were comparable in age, marital status, and socioeconomic characteristics.

Main Outcome Measures
The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) was employed for the assessment of alexithymia. The premature ejaculation severity index was used as self-report measure of PE severity on a multidimensional perspective.

Results
Our data show significantly higher scores of alexithymia in patients with PE than in the control group (P  &lt; 0.001), and a positive correlation between alexithymia level and PE severity (P  &lt; 0.002). With regard to TAS-20 subfactors, an externally oriented cognitive style shows the highest correlation with PE severity (P  &lt; 0.001) and the most significant difference in the comparison between PE and control group (P  &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that alexithymic features, and in particular, an externally oriented cognitive style, can be seen as possible risk and/or maintenance factors for PE, and may contribute to a more serious manifestation of this condition. Alexithymia could represent an important variable for an integrated diagnosis and treatment of PE in a modern somatopsychic and holistic viewpoint.
PREDICTIVE MODELING APPLIED TO GROWTH OF SPOILAGE VIRGIBACILLUS PANTOTHENTICUS ON INDUSTRIAL CRÈME CARAMEL
Authors: GONZÁLEZ RUBEN DARIO , HUNZICKER GRETHEL MARA , DE SOUSA GLADYS BEATRIZ , TAMAGNINI LUCIA MARÍA , BUDDE CARLOS ERNESTO 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to identify the spoilage microorganisms in commercially produced crème caramel and to study their growth kinetic in different conservation conditions. Fifty‐four randomly selected strains were isolated from altered crème caramel samples with typical “medicine smell.” In order to detect the strains that cause the smell alterations, an experimental medium (PM) was prepared with crème caramel. Nineteen out of 28 isolated strains of gram‐positive spore‐former bacteria developed “medicine smell” in PM medium. Of the 19 isolated strains, five were identified as Virgibacillus pantothenticus. One was studied in a fermenter in aerobiosis at 4, 12 and 30C and in anaerobiosis at 30C. The modified Gompertz model was applied. In aerobic conditions, the maximum growth rate decreased with the temperature: μ = 1.68 at 30C and μ = 0.28 at 12C; at 4C, there was neither growth nor alteration. In anaerobic conditions, at 30C the maximum growth rate was lower than in aerobiosis (μ = 0.90), and there was no smell alteration. The appearance of these alterations was independent of the maximum growth rate. “Medicine smell” was a result of piperonal alterations. Microbiological spoilage risk could be reduced with tight control of the temperature in the production chain.
Groundwater Investigations in the Lower Spey Valley, near Fochabers
Authors: WATT G. D. , MELLANBY J. F. , van WONDEREN J. J. , BURLEY M. J. 
Published: July 2007

SYNOPSISA Series of: comprehensive studies have been carried out to identify potential water abstraction sources to meet future demands throughout the Grampian area, in Scotland. In the Moray and Banff coastal areas a new supply is to be developed to meet future increases in demand which have been predicted to be about 9 MVd by the year 2001, increasing to about 18.5 Ml/d by the year 2011.Grampian Regional Council has engaged Sir M. MacDonald & Partners, consulting engineers, to examine various options within the area and the consultant has concluded that the development of the alluvial gravels on the west bank of the river Spey immediately upstream of Fochabers would provide the Council with the best solution.The paper describes the various investigations undertaken. The main conclusions and results of the studies are briefly outlined in the following paragraphs.The alluvium was shown to have good water‐transmitting properties. The seismic refraction and borehole investigations confirmed the superficial deposits to be about 10 to 15 m. Test pumping of wells with associated piezometers proved the transmissivity values and storage coefficients of the aquifer and hence a suitable wellfield.The wellfield so identified extends some 2.8 km upstream on the west bank from the bridge across the river Spey at Fochabers, with an estimated reliable yield of 20 MVd. The water abstracted from the test wells was shown to be about 80 per cent river water which had been drawn into the aquifer. The contribution from the landward side could result in a reduction of the watertable affecting the yield of deep rooted crops (cereals and grass) over about one‐half the area one year in three.Examination of the water drawn from the wells confirmed it to be low in colour, iron, and manganese. The results were consistent and were of drinking quality. The mechanism causing the dramatic change in the water from river to well was thoroughly explored and found to be a biological process so ensuring that water qualities would be sustained.In conclusion, the various studies undertaken have shown that a consistent high quality water can be produced from the alluvial gravels of the river Spey near Fochabers in sufficient quantity to meet the needs of the lower Moray and Banff coastal areas of Grampian Region to the year 2011.
The SERC Flood Channel Facility
Authors: KNIGHT D. W. , SELLIN R. H. J. 
Published: July 2007

SYNOPSISThe Paper describes a new large central experimental facility which has recently been built to investigate the hydraulic behaviour of rivers and flood alleviation channels when they flow in an out‐of‐bank condition. The SERC flood channel facility is jointly funded by the Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) and Hydraulics Research Ltd (HR), on whose premises the facility has been built.A five‐year research programme has been identified and will be supported by the SERC together with a contribution from the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF). The authors outline the need for such a facility in flood channel research, the background to the design, construction and instrumentation of the facility, and give brief details of the initial phase of the research programme, which involves four university research teams.It is hoped that the SERC flood channel facility will be a focus for other experimental researchers and will bring together theoreticians, numerical modellers and experimentalists concerned with river channel hydraulics. At present seven UK universities are involved in the SERC Working Party on Flood Channels, along with representatives from HR, MAFF and consultants.
Investigation of Petroleum Refinery Effluent Treatment in an Aerobic Fixed‐film Biological System
Authors: HAMODA M. F. , AL‐HADDAD A. A. 
Published: July 2007

SYNOPSISThe feasibility of treating a synthetic toxic waste and a petroleum refinery effluent was evaluated using a four‐stage, fixed‐film aerated bioreactor with a 50 I capacity and a surface area‐to‐volume ratio of 72. The process performance at various waste strengths and influent flow rates was found satisfactory.Organic loading proved to be a better operational or design parameter. Treatment efficiency decreased as the loading was increased. An organic loading of 42 g COD/m2d or less is recommended to ensure good quality effluent. The reactor coped with organic and hydraulic overloads because of the good oxygen transfer capacity and the considerable quantity of attached biomass attained. Staging of the reactor was effective in damping excessive loadings.Treatment of the refinery waste in the bioreactor removed up to 80 per cent of the COD and reduced the oil, sulphide and amm.N concentrations substantially, but polishing of reactor effluent using alum treatment improved effluent quality for potential reuse.
Groundwater Model of Conditions in Liverpool Sandstone Aquifer
Authors: RUSHTON K. R. , KAWECKI M. W. , BRASSINGTON F. C. 
Published: July 2007

SYNOPSISThis study considers the groundwater conditions for the period 1948–82 in the Permo‐Triassic Sandstone aquifer of the Liverpool area. During this period, significant changes have occurred in the abstraction patterns and a new railway tunnel has been constructed below sea level in Central Liverpool. To understand the flow conditions within the aquifer, detailed studies have been carried out into the aquifer properties, the influence of rivers and tunnels, and the estimation of recharge. It is found that conventional rainfall recharge accounts for only one‐third of the total recharge.Numerical model solutions were used to check the adequacy of the understanding of the flow processes and the solutions have confirmed that the rising water levels in Central Liverpool result from high recharge and a reduction in abstraction. Having validated the model by comparisons with field data, the model was then used to predict the probable future water level changes.
Groundwater Quality Beneath the City of London ‐ Overview and Long‐term Changes
Authors: PAYNE JUDY A. , THOMAS W. M. , COOKE J. E. , ENGLISH E. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThe quality of groundwater from the chalk beneath the City of London is discussed in relation to the geology and overpumping of the aquifer in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The current quality of the water is describd with reference to analyses carried out, and reasons for variation in quality between boreholes are suggested. Current quality is compared with that of 50 years ago, revealing major changes in the chemical characteristics of the water which are explained in terms of changing groundwater levels.
The Application of Bacteriophage Tracer Techniques in South West Water
Authors: Martin C. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThe Application of bacteriophages as tracers in various aquatic systems is described with examples of three specific applications in the South West Water Authority area.The first two examples illustrate the use of bacteriophage for leak detection of a sewer and an impounding dam. The third example compares bacteriophage with fluorescein for the determination of time of travel in a river.
Water Recreation and Risk
Authors: LACEY R. F. , PIKE E. B. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with concepts and methods that may be used in the assessment and management of risks associated with aquatic recreation. It aims to explore potential approaches and to indicate their strengths and weaknesses. The paper concentrates on hazards encountered in bathing, swimming and water‐contact sports that may be affected by water quality. Aspects discussed include: the role of society in regulating risks that are taken voluntarily by individuals; the difficulties of measuring those risks by means of epidemiological studies; the questionable predictive power of bacterial indicators and the problem of finding a satisfactory rationale for determining the standards for recreational waters.
Groundwater Pollution and the Disposal of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes
Authors: MATHER J. D. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThe demand for‘Rolls‐Royce’ solutions to the disposal of hazardous and radioactive wastes has seen a continuing move towards more sophisticated disposal concepts. If a disposal site for radioactive wastes meets the strict requirements laid down by Government departments it is difficult to see why there should be any impact to groundwater of concern to the water industry. Hazardous wastes are a much more significant problem, and the large size of many landfills, other pressures on groundwater quality and current EC directives are all contributing to a move away from the use of ‘dilute and disperse’ sites. It is argued that the long‐term performance of containment sites needs to be carefully evaluated over timescales of 2‐3 decades, as over such periods a correctly‐managed policy of ‘dilute and disperse’ may result in less of an overall impact to the environment than a policy of ‘concentrate and contain’.
Operating Experiences at Langsett Water Treatment Works
Authors: BRIENS P. J. , LYON D. K. , BAGGALEY R. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThe new treatment works at Langsett, in the Pennine foothills of South Yorkshire, was commissioned by Yorkshire Water in July 1985. The works represented a fresh approach to the treatment of highly‐coloured upland Pennine waters utilizing a chemical process.This paper describes the treatment process and reviews the experience which was gained during the first two years of operation. The process has occasionally suffered due to failure of the supporting equipment, and some important lessons have been learned. Subsequent modifications to the treatment plant and method of operation are described.
Screening at Marine Outfall Headworks
Authors: THOMAS D. K. , BROWN S. J. , HARRINGTON D. W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe UK approach to pollution control in tidal waters places considerable emphasis on balancing the contrasting needs of utilization of the waters for the assimilation of effluents with the protection of all identified uses, i.e. the Environmental Quality Objective/Environmental Quality Standard (EQO/EQS) approach. In order to protect uses of the waters for bathing and general amenity, this approach in the design of improvement schemes necessary for marine sewage discharges is examined. However, recent guidelines for consent applications dealing with schemes designed to protect bathing use suggest a departure from the EQO/EQS approach towards an emission standard when dealing with the solid phase of the sewage effluent. The implications of these approaches are discussed from the design (scientific and engineering) viewpoints.A summary of headworks processes and the current practice for preliminary treatment at marine outfall sites in the UK is reviewed, together with comments on their effectiveness. The terms of reference and work of a joint working group to examine the efficiency of screening equipment at marine outfall headworks is described, together with a technical summary of results collected at a range of sites and with various types of equipment. Recommendations for future research are given, and a strategy for screening is developed.
The Application of Remote Sensing to Estimate Land Cover for Urban Drainage Catchment Modelling
Authors: FINCH J. , REID A. , ROBERTS G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper compares the estimates of percentage land cover derived from airborne thematic mapper data with those from a traditional survey method. The latter include existing Ordnance Survey maps and an on‐the‐ground survey supplemented by aerial photographs. The thematic mapper data are segmented using two methods: thresholding and classification. Nine catchments are surveyed using the three methods. The different results are discussed, and their implications for the calculation of surface runoff are investigated. Estimates of the relative costs in the traditional and remote‐sensing methods are compared, simulated satellite images of the study are analysed, and the potential use of satellite data in this application is discussed.
Operating Experiences of Full‐Scale Biological and Ion‐Exchange Denitrification Plants in France
Authors: RICHARD Y. R. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTIn France, nitrate removal by biological means was authorized in 1981 and by ion exchange in 1985. To date, four installations use the biological process and six plants incorporate ion‐exchange techniques. Details of the plant are explained. The first conclusions can now be drawn from the results of the startup period as well as from operation. The existing facilities produce water in compliance with laid‐down regulations, and in a reliable manner throughout the year. The average capital costs of all the French facilities are given, together with typical operational costs.
Use of Mixing Zone to Derive a Toxicity Test Consent Condition
Authors: HAIG A. J. N. , CURRAN J. C. , REDSHAW C. J. , KERR R. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper describes how the Clyde River Purification Board (the regulatory authority) and Bee‐cham Pharmaceuticals (the identified discharger) agreed and adopted a novel means of controlling a pharmaceutical plant effluent which is discharged to Irvine Bay, Scotland. Control was achieved by means of a consent (licence) condition requiring compliance with a laboratory test of acute toxicity, which was added to the more orthodox conditions already imposed upon the discharge. The new condition was derived using the concept, explicit in the environmental quality objective/environmental quality standard approach to pollution control, of an allowable mixing zone around the outfall. The derivation and validation of the condition necessitated laboratory and field bioassay, current measurements and dye releases, and the use of a plume development model.
The White Cart Water Flood Alleviation Study using Hydrodynamic Mathematical‐Modelling Techniques
Authors: BANKS D. J. , FALCONER R. H. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a hydrodynamic mathematical‐modelling study to investigate the flooding problem and to recommend various flood‐alleviation measures for the White Cart Water on the southern side of Glasgow. The mathematical model covers 36 km of the White Cart to the tidal reaches at the confluence with the River Clyde, and includes 7 km of one of the major tributaries where regular flooding is also a problem. A key aspect of the study was the close proximity of the modelling team which permitted a close scrutiny of the river during high‐flow events. From these observations the team obtained a thorough appreciation of river behaviour during potential flood situations, which provided a reliable and comprehensive set of data for model calibration over a wide range of conditions. The proposals for flood alleviation have far‐reaching implications and require major capital expenditure. At present they are being examined by Strathclyde Regional Council in consultation with the many interested parties.
The Pollution Aspects of Storm‐Sewage Overflows
Authors: BALMFORTH D. J. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTStorm‐sewage overflows are one of the principal sources of urban river pollution in the UK. The paper (a) outlines the various possible pollutants and their effect on the receiving stream, and (b) identifies the features of individual overflow structures which are likely to lead to unsatisfactory performance. Since the rationalization and rehabilitation of storm‐sewage overflows should only be considered as part of a more general drainage area study, a strategy for rationalization is presented which identifies objectives for effective design and operation; it discusses, in particular, how chambers may be proportioned to give effective separation of visible pollutants. By combining field data with the results of model tests, a comparison of the performance of the main recommended types of overflow structure is given, together with a discussion of maintenance and safety aspects.
The Application of Water‐Quality Standards to UK Bathing Waters
Authors: KAY D. , WYER M. , McDONALD A. , WOODS N. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTData for 425 sampling locations in England and Wales, covering the 1987 bathing season, were analysed against a range of six water‐quality standards used by European and North American agencies. The following order of relative stringency was established: EEC guide level > US Environmental Protection Agency† > Toronto†> Canadian Federal† > Modified EEC standard > EEC imperative level†.All European Community (EC) countries, at present abiding by the‘imperative’bacteriological standards of the bathing waters Directive, would experience a significant increase in non‐compliance for the faecal coliform parameter if standards were altered from the current EEC imperative criteria to any of the existing alternative beach management standards.
The Chadwick Centenary Lecture ‐ A Review of Two Centuries of Public Health
Authors: ACHESON M. A. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTSir Edwin Chadwick, who has been recognized as the father of British sanitary science, died in 1890. This lecture commemorates the centenary of his death. It describes the appalling sanitary conditions existing in the early nineteenth century, traces the achievements made during the life of Chadwick, and reviews the influence these have had on the development of public‐health engineering in the UK and internationally in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The lecture concludes with some reflections on contemporary issues related to environmental health and the future role of the environmental engineer.