bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of the anaesthetic on survival rates of breast cancer patients after surgery
Authors: Fried I. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe end results of therapy of 1,358 breast cancer patients were studied. Anaesthesia was performed by ether‐nitrogen‐oxygen (554 cases) or halothane‐nitrogen‐oxygen (804 cases) mixture with addition of oxygen. The method of Holstead was employed in all cases. A comparison of groups of patients on the basis of such parameters as the anaesthetic used, age and degree of tumour progression (according to the TNM classification and results of postoperative histological assays) showed them to be identical. The study showed that the type of anaesthesia influenced the end results of therapy of cancer patients: the survival rates of patients receiving halothane anaesthesia were much higher than those of the ether‐anaesthetized patients. The differences were most pronounced among patients who received pre‐operative radiation therapy and post‐operative chemotherapy as well as in cases of metastasis spread into regional lymph nodes. The mechanism of the effect of the anaesthetic on the survival rates of cancer patients may be explained on the basis of the data available on the varying influences of anaesthetics on the pituitary‐adrenal cortex system and carcinemia development during operation as well as the role of immunity in tumour cell implantation and growth of metastases.
Detection of antibodies to embryonic antigens in sera of multiparous or colon tumor‐bearing rats by a new indirect immunofluorescence assay
Authors: Nelson Karen A. , Sjögren Hans Olov , Rosengren Jan Erik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn indirect immunofluorescence assay using antigen coupled to agarose beads detected high titers of antibody to embryonic antigens in sera from multiparous rats and rats bearing colon carcinomas. Sera from pregnant rats had antibody titers greater than 103 and some rats still had titers greater than 102 30 weeks after the end of pregnancy. Rats which developed colon carcinomas after treatment with 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine were bled monthly between the end of treatment and detection of carcinoma. Antibody to embryonic antigens appeared in their sera at least 2 months before roentgenologic diagnosis of tumor.
Transformation of tracheal epithelium exposed in vitro to N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)
Authors: Steele Vernon E. , Marchok Ann C. , Nettesheim Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing an organ culture/cell culture system, we transformed rat tracheal epithelial cells in vitro by exposure to MNNG. Ten tracheal organ cultures per group were exposed twice (at days 3 and 6) to 0,0.001, 1.0 or 10.0 μg MNNG/ml of medium. Following this exposure, the explants were placed on the bottom of culture dishes to initiate epithelial cell outgrowths and establish primary cultures. Each explant was replanted 8–10 times to produce multiple outgrowths. The number of primary cultures and the number of subsequently established cell lines obtained was carcinogen‐dose‐dependent. The average number of primary epithelial cell cultures per explant after exposure to 0, 0.001, 1.0 and 10.0 μg MNNG/ml was 1.3, 1.5, 3.3, and 4.6, respectively. The average yield of cell lines per explant in these groups was 0, 0.8, 1.3, and 2.0, respectively. It is apparent that cell lines could only be established from carcinogen‐exposed epithelium. These cell lines are currently being tested for tumorigenicity in vivo. To date, of 35 cell lines tested between the 5th and 15th passages, 5 cell lines from the 10 μg MNNG/ml group and 2 from the 1.0 μg MNNG/ml group have produced palpable tumors upon injection into immuno‐suppressed recipients.
Productive Epstein‐Barr viral infection of the human lymphoblastoid cell line 6410 with release of early antigen inducing and transforming virus
Authors: Traul K. A. , Stephens R. , Gerber P. , Peterson W. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe human lymphoblastoid cell line 6410 was superinfected with P3HR‐1 derived Epstein‐Barr virus. Subsequent to the first cycle of infection, characterized by early (EA) and virus capsid (VCA) antigen synthesis, the culture, designated 6410‐EBV, continued to synthesize VCA. Further immunofluorescence and electron microscopic examination over 18‐24 months showed the 6410‐EBV culture to be productively infected with EBV. Virus was recovered, in quantity, from the culture fluids and assayed for ability to induce EA synthesis in Raji cells and to transform human umbilical cord lymphocytes. The virus was found to possess both properties, in contrast to P3HR‐1 virus which only induces EA. HLA and karyologic analyses of P3HR‐1, 6410 and 6410‐EBV cultures showed relatedness of 6410‐EBV to 6410 cells and dissimilarity to P3HR‐1. The biologic activity data coupled with the cytologic analyses confirm a productive infection of the target cells. The reason for differences in biologic activity between the infecting (P3HR‐1) and progeny virus is unresolved. It may be speculated that the endogenous EBV genome of 6410 cells was activated and gave rise to a different strain of EBV or to a mixed progeny‐parent population as a result of dual infection. Alternatively, the parent strain of virus may have been modified as a result of interaction with the new host cell.
Chromosomal site(s) of integration of herpes simplex virus type 2 thymidine kinase gene in biochemically transformed human cells
Authors: Donner Ludvik , Dubbs Del Rose , Kit Saul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo investigate the chromosomal site(s) of integration of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) thymidine kinase (TK) gene in biochemically transformed human cells, transformed human cells[HeLa (BU25)/HSV‐2‐6 Cl 4] were fused with TK‐deficient mouse fibroblast [LM(TK−)] cells and seven lines of human—mouse somatic cell hybrids [HL/1… HL/7] were isolated. Enzyme assays demonstrated that the HL somatic cell hybrid lines expressed significant TK activity. That the TK activity was HSV‐2 specific was verified by disc PAGE analyses, by superinfection experiments with TK‐negative HSV mutants, and by enzyme neutralization experiments with anti‐HSV‐2 TK immunoglobulins. The seven HL somatic cell hybrid lines contained a complement of mouse chromosomes and one or more human chromosomes. The sensitivities of the HL hybrid lines to poliovirus types 1 and 2 and to diphtheria toxin were also studied. The poliovirus challenge experiments showed that hybrid lines HL/1, HL/3, HL/4 and HL/5 were completely resistant to poliovirus and that less than 25% of the cells in line HL/2 were destroyed, indicating that with the exception of HL/2, human chromosome 19 was not retained in the human—mouse hybrid cells. Hybrid lines HL/1‐1, HL/2‐1, HL/3, HL/4, HL/5, HL/6 and HL/7 were insensitive to diphtheria toxin, indicating that human chromosome 5 was not retained in these human—mouse hybrid cells. Karyotype analyses showed that the only human chromosome found in hybrid lines HL/3, HL/4, HL/5 and HL/6 was marker chromosome M13; this chromosome was present in the majority of HL/3 cells and in all HL/4, HL/5, and HL/6 hybrid cells. The same chromosome was present in all cells of hybrid HL/7, in 17/19 analyzed mitosis of HL/2, and in all cells of HSV‐2 TK‐positive HL/2 subclones but, in addition, several other human chromosomes were found in the HL/7 and HL/2 hybrid lines. After counterselection with bromodeoxyuridine (Brd Urd), chromosome M13 was absent from all analyzed cells of HSV‐2 TK‐negative, Brd Urdcounterselected HL/2 subclones, but some of the other human chromosomes were still present. Morphology and G banding analyses suggest that M13 is an isochromosome formed from the short arm of human chromosome X. The only human chromosome present in cells of somatic hybrid HL/1 and four of its HSV‐2 TK‐positive subclones was chromosome 17 with a translocation on the short arm. This chromosome was present in all cells of hybrid HL/1 and its subclones and was absent in all cells of four analyzed HSV‐2 TK‐negative, Brd Urdcounterselected subclones. The preceding experiments demonstrate that the HSV‐2 TK gene is associated with human marker chromosome M13 and modified human chromosome 17 in HSV‐2‐transformed human line, HeLa(BU25)/HSV‐2‐6 Cl 4.
Ascorbic acid prevents liver tumour production by aminopyrine and nitrite in the rat
Authors: Chan W. C. , Fong Y. Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMassive doses of vitamin C protected rats against liver tumour production by aminopyrine and sodium nitrite, but the protection against lung and kidney tumour production was not complete. The mechanism is in part due to blockage of in vivo nitrosation. Other unknown factors may operate to give the liver complete protection.
Possible two‐stage transplacental liver carcinogenesis in c57bl/6 mice
Authors: Armuth Vlasta , Berenblum Isaac 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA single SC injection of 2‐acetylaminofluorene (AAF) was given to pregnant C57BL/6 mice on day 15 of gestation, and the offspring subsequently given twice‐weekly injections of phorbol for 25 weeks. Control groups included: (1) untreated; (2) AAF‐treated mothers (kept under observation for 18 months, as with all the other groups); (3) untreated offspring of untreated mothers; (4) untreated offspring of AAF‐treated mothers, and (5) phorboltreated offspring of untreated mothers. The incidence of hepatomas in the phorbol‐treated offspring of AAF‐injected mothers was 8/74 (11%), as compared with 2/80 (2.5%) in the untreated offspring of AAF‐injected mothers. The AAF‐injected mothers themselves developed 3/36 (8%) hepatomas; while all the other control groups were free from liver tumours. The development of reticulum cell sarcomas, and of a few cases of lung adenomas, in the various groups, was presumably spontaneous. The results seem sufficiently encouraging, as a model for the study of systemic carcinogenesis, to warrant further attempts at two‐stage transplacental carcinogenesis, using other potential initiators and promoters.
Solubilized tsta and the major viral structural proteins, gp70 and p30, in the immune response to murine leukemias induced by friend and rauscher virus
Authors: Rogers Michael J. , Law Lloyd W. , Appella Ettore , Oroszlan Stephen , Ting Chou‐Chik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntigens present in gp70 and p30 purified from Rauscher virus, were tested for immunogenicity in various assays measuring the anti‐tumor immune response against lymphocytic leukemias of Friend (FBL‐3) or Rauscher (RBL‐5) virus origin. p30 had no effect on in vitro cytotoxicity against tumor cell targets mediated by either an anti RBL‐5 serum or lymphocytes from animals immunized with FBL‐3 cells. gp70 had no effect on serum‐mediated cytotoxicity but used at high concentrations it inhibited cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. When used to immunize mice directly against subsequent challenge with the RBL‐5 and FBL‐3 leukemias, p30 had no discernible effect, while gp70 afforded partial protection against RBL‐5 but only at high concentrations. Cell‐free preparations of tumor membranes containing negligible amounts of gp70 were antigenically superior to gp70 in both the in vitro and in vivo assays. It is concluded that antigens on these purified proteins that are also expressed on tumor cells are not major targets of the anti‐tumor immune response in this system.
Delayed hypersensitivity in tumor‐bearing mice. In vitro activation of “eclipsed” spleen cells
Authors: Jasnis Maria A. , Klein Slobodanka , de Bonaparte Yolanda P. , de Daga Sara O. , de Pirosky Rosa R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAt various stages during the progressive growth of a transplanted sarcoma in BALB/c mice, the delayed hypersensitivity response to tumor antigen was determined using the food‐pad swelling test (FPS) and the leukocyte migration inhibition assay (LMI). A close correlation was observed between the in vivo and in vitro assays. “Early” recognition of tumor antigen was detected 24 h after tumor inoculation by both techniques and this positive response was maintained until day 15. As the tumor grew larger, the delayed hypersensitivity response in vivo vanished, while the delayed hypersensitivity response in vitro disappeared about 3 days later. This suppression or “eclipse” of the anti‐tumor cellular immune response was specific for the type of tumor used, and could be reversed in vitro by means of a low pH treatment of lymphoid cells.
Photosensitivity of dna‐bound 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)‐anthracene
Authors: Baird William M. , Dipple Anthony 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStructural information about the products formed when 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) is bound to DNA in mammalian cell cultures has been sought through studies of the photosensitivities of these products and of various model compounds. Under conditions of light exposure in which the DNA‐DMBA products were highly photosensitive, 8,9,10,11‐tetrahydro‐DMBA and 5,6‐dihydro‐DMBA were stable, whereas 9,10‐dimethyl‐anthracene and DMBA itself were highly photosensitive. This indicates that in the binding reaction with DNA, DMBA retains either the aromatic benz(a)anthracene nucleus or is metabotically activated in the 1,2,3,4‐ring.
Factors interfering with cellular immunological responses to the murine mammary tumor virus in tumor‐bearing mice
Authors: Creemers Paula , Brinkhof Jan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractT‐cell‐enriched spleen cell fractions from BALB/c mice bearing virally induced mammary tumors become unresponsive with progressive tumor growth in the lymphocyte blastogenesis test, using purified mammary tumor virus (MTV) as an antigen. Reactivity can be restored by mild trypsinization or extensive washing of the cells. When reactive cells from mice immunized with MTV were incubated with the wash fluid of the initially unresponsive cells, MTV‐specific blastogenesis was inhibited. Washings of normal cells had no such effect. Leukocytes from tumor‐bearing mice also become unresponsive t o MTV in the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay. Trypsinization o r extensive washing does not restore reactivky. However, such treatment of reactive cells from immunized animals abolishes a positive reaction i n the LA1 assay, using MTV as an antigen. The washings of spleen cells from tumor‐bearing mice inhibit the reactivity of leukocytes from immunized animals. Sera from these mice could block the reaction i n both cellular immunological tests. The inhibiting factors appeared early after the onset of tumor growth. By means of the Sepharose bead immunofluorescence assay it was established that wash fluid and sera with blocking activity contain MTV antigens as well as anti‐MTV antibodies.
Biologic and antigenic characteristics of epstein‐barr virus‐related herpesviruses of chimpanzees and baboons
Authors: Gerber Paul , Kalter Seymour S. , Schidlovsky George , Peterson Ward D. , Daniel Muthiah D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeukocyte‐transforming agents were isolated in baboon leukocytes inoculated with oral excretions from immunosuppressed chimpanzees. The transformed lymphoblasts had B cell surface markers and harbored herpes‐type virus particles; 5‐10% of the cells contained cytoplasmic antigens reactive with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐antibody‐positive chimpanzee, human and baboon sera. These sera also neutralized the transforming activity of the chimpanzee virus. Long‐term lymphoid cell lines were established from circulating lymphocytes of normal baboons: two from Papio cynocephalus and three from P. hamadryas. The cells had B cell surface markers, contained herpes‐type virus particles and produced virus with leukocyte‐transforming activity. No virus‐associated nuclear antigen was detectable with reference baboon and chimpanzee sera; however, the cells reacted with selected human sera containing antibodies to EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA). Absorption experiments confirmed the specificity of this reaction. Baboon lymphoblasts produced baboon virus‐associated soluble complement‐fixing (CF/S) antigen. Baboon sera had CF antibodies to viral (CF/V) antigen derived from EBV but failed to react with EBV‐associated CF/S antigen. Chimpanzee and baboon herpesviruses had similar in vitro host cell ranges but were different from those of EBV. Inoculation of baboons, rhesus monkeys and cottontop marmosets failed to produce detectable illness or palpable tumors.
Adenylate cyclase activity and the camp level are not directly correlated with transformation by avian sarcoma viruses
Authors: Yoshida M. , Ikawa Y. , Owada M. , Toyoshima K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe adenylate cyclase activity was measured in chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) infected with temperature‐sensitive mutants (ts) of avian sarcoma virus (ASV). When CEF transformed with a (ts) mutant at 36° C were incubated at the non‐permissive temperature (41° C), recovery from the low adenylate cyclase activity detectable in the transformed state was slower than the disappearance of signs of morphological transformation. After a downward shift of the temperature the activity decreased and this change was also slower than the alteration of cell morphology. The affinity of the enzyme system for ATP also changed after, and not during, morphological alteration. No significant difference was observed between the cAMP levels in ASV‐transformed and non‐infected CEF. These findings are consistent with the idea that adenylate cyclase is not involved in cell transformation and that the change in its activity is secondary to cell transformation.
The metabolism and dna binding of 3‐methyl‐cholanthrene
Authors: King H. W. S. , Osborne M. R. , Brookes P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTritiated 3‐methylcholanthrene (3MC) was administered to mouse embryo cells in culture from which DNA was later isolated and hydrolysed to deoxy‐ribonucleosides. The hydrolysate was analysed by LH20 chromatography, HPLC and fluorescence spectroscopy. The 3MC‐nucleoside products were compared with the nucleoside derivatives obtained from 3MC‐11,12‐oxide‐treated DNA and found to differ in both fluorescence spectra and chromatographic behaviour. Microsome‐catalysed DNA binding of primary metabolites of 3MC identified two metabolites for which DNA reaction was extensive. These metabolites were characterized by their chromatographic and spectrophotometric properties. The products of their microsome‐induced DNA binding were isolated, and comparison with the products derived from cell‐mediated 3MC‐DNA reaction suggested that these metabolites might be precursors of this latter reaction. The chemical nature of the metabolites and of their DNA reaction products is discussed in relation to the “bay region” and carbonium ion concepts of the ultimate carcinogen of polycyclic hydrocarbons.
Enhancement of anti‐tumor activity of 1‐β‐d‐arabinofuranosylcytosine by encapsulation in liposomes
Authors: Kobayashi Tomowo , Kataoka Tateshi , Tsukagoshi Shigeru , Sakurai Yoshio 
Published: February 2007

Abstract1‐β‐D‐Arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara‐C) was encapsulated in four different types of unsonicated artificial vesicles of phospholipid (liposomes) to compare the anti‐tumor effect on mouse leukemia L1210 inoculated in CD2F, mice with that of free ara‐C. The anti‐tumor activity of ara‐C was markedly enhanced by encapsulation in liposomes when given in a single IP injection. Among the four types of liposomes, a physically stable and positively charged liposome consisting of sphingomyelin, stearylamine and cholesterol (20:2:15 molar ratio) most effectively enhanced the effect of ara‐C. A single IP dose of 50 mg/kg of ara‐C, encapsulated in this kind of liposome exhibited high activity, producing a survival rate of 60% of the treated mice at 60 days. This enhanced effect of ara‐C encapsulated in liposomes was also demonstrated when the drug was administered either IV or SC, and the range between the minimum effective and the maximum tolerable doses was wide enough to allow the safe use of the encapsulated ara‐C. Intra‐peritoneal administration of encapsulated ara‐C induced a more prolonged survival of mice inoculated with L1210 than did free ara‐C, regardless of whether it was given in single or multiple doses.
Development of a congeneic line of the gr mouse strain without early mammary tumours
Authors: van Nie Robertha , de Moes J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBased on the previous observation that Mtv‐2 controls the appearance of pregnancy‐dependent mammary tumours and the early expression of mammary tumour virus (MTV)‐antigens in the milk, an attempt was made to develop a congeneic GR line, without this locus, by introducing genetic material of the C57BL/10 strain. The cross‐intercross system was used for this purpose. The mice of the even‐numbered generations were selected for the absence of the Mtv‐2 locus with the early mammary tumour (EMT) test and during the later cycles with the immunodiffusion (ID) test for MTV‐antigens in the milk. After six cycles of cross‐intercross, brother‐sister mating was started with mice selected for the absence of Mtv‐2. After two brother‐sister matings the milk‐transmitted MTV was eliminated by foster‐nursing. Of the foster‐nursed subline 233 mice (16 of the first, 118 of the second and 99 of the third generation) were tested for the presence of Mtv‐2 with one or two of the following three methods: (1) ID‐test, (2) EMT‐test and (3) by examination of the development of spontaneous mammary tumours in breeding females. The tests were negative in 226 mice. This indicates that Mtv‐2 was absent in nearly all mice of the congeneic subline. The positive reactions in the seven other tested mice were weaker than that observed in the GR strain and in GR mice foster‐nursed by BALB/c. The presence of the Mtv‐2 gene in the seven positive mice of the congeneic line is doubtful. With the ID test, viral antigens were detectable in 50% of the milk samples from the first lactation period of mice of the segregating backcross I population [GR congeneic x (GR congeneic x GR)], indicating a one‐gene difference between the congeneic GR line and the progenitor GR strain.
Resistance of guinea‐pig hepatoma cells to complement‐mediated lysis induced by ascites fluid or serum from tumor‐bearing animals
Authors: Abe S. , Berczi I. , Sehon A. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mechanisms of tumor cell susceptibility and resistance to cytotoxic antibodies were investigated in the guinea‐pig ascites hepatoma (line‐1 and line‐10) system. Treatment of line‐specific rabbit antibody‐coated tumor cells by ascitic fluid, by serum of tumor bearers or by tumor extract inhibited subsequent complement‐mediated lysis. Inhibition by ascitic fluid and serum was not line‐specific, but inhibition by tumor extract was line‐specific. Treatment of tumor cells with ascitic fluid or tumor extract prior to exposure to specific cytotoxic antibody and complement did not inhibit lysis. Incubation of cytotoxic rabbit antisera with ascitic fluid, tumor‐bearer serum or tumor extract neutralized their complement‐dependent cytotoxic activity on tumor cells. Tumor‐immune guinea‐pigs exhibited line‐specific delayed cutaneous reactions after injection with ascitic fluid or tumor extract. Studies with indirect immunofluorescence revealed that exposure to ascites fluid or tumor extract caused a rapid shedding of rabbit antibodies from the tumor cell surface. Evidence is presented indicating that the active fraction of ascites fluid was associated with immune complexes consisting of IgG and tumor antigen in excess. The relevance of these findings to tumor escape from immune destruction in vivo is discussed.