bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Oncology Case Study Demonstrating the Use of Rogers's Science of Unitary Human Beings and Standardized Nursing Languages
Authors: Farren Arlene T. 
Published: February 2009

PURPOSE.  The purpose of this paper is to present an oncology case study focusing on a woman's journey through breast cancer treatment and survivorship and a nurse's journey to provide wholistic care using standardized nursing languages and Rogers's Science of Unitary Human Beings (SUHB). DATA SOURCES.  Published literature, experience, and expertise of the author were used as data sources. DATA SYNTHESIS.  The data were clustered to formulate oncology nursing care based on the standardized nursing languages of NANDA International, Nursing Outcomes Classification, and Nursing Interventions Classification (NNN) from the theoretical foundation of Rogers's SUHB. CONCLUSIONS.  The use of Rogers's SUHB, NNN, and the extant literature provided a theoretical, evidence‐based, and practical approach to providing holistic care for a woman journeying through breast cancer treatment and survivorship. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE.  Nurses can use standardized nursing languages and Rogers's SUHB to facilitate personal well‐being and quality of life for breast cancer survivors.
Kernel density estimates of alongshore home range of Hector's dolphins at Banks Peninsula, New Zealand
Authors: Rayment William , Dawson Steve , Slooten Elisabeth , Bräger Stefan , Fresne Sam Du , Webster Trudi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractKnowledge about home ranges is essential for understanding the resources required by a species, identifying critical habitats, and revealing the overlap with anthropogenic impacts. Ranging behavior of Hector's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus hectori) was studiedviacoastal photo‐ID surveys in the Banks Peninsula Marine Mammal Sanctuary (BPMMS) between 1985 and 2006. Univariate kernel density estimates of alongshore home range were calculated for 20 individuals with 15 sightings or more. For each individual, sighting locations were transformed into a univariate data set by projecting sightings onto a line drawn 1 km from the coast and measuring the distance along this line relative to an origin. Sightings were weighted by survey effort. Ninety‐five percent (K95) of the density estimate was used as a measure of alongshore home range, and 50% of the estimate (K50) was used to reveal core portions of coastline where dolphins concentrated their activity. The mean estimates ofK95andK50were 49.69 km (SE = 5.29) and 17.13 km (SE = 1.89), respectively. Four distinct hubs were apparent where the core areas of different individuals coincided. Three of the dolphins' alongshore ranges extended beyond the current northern boundary of the BPMMS, raising fresh concerns that the sanctuary is not large enough. Proposed changes to gill netting regulations, if enacted, will result in the alongshore ranges of all the dolphins in our study being protected.
Correlation between mothers' perceptions/expectations and the behavior of children with HIV during dental treatment
Authors: Abdelnur Juliana Pires , Drugowick Rayen Millanao , Guimarães Lizandra Ferrari , De Moura Neide Gomes , Maia Lucianne Cople , De Souza Ivete Pomarico Ribeiro 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the mothers' perceptions and expectations of the behavior of their children who were HIV positive, during dental treatment. The sample was composed of 40 mother and child pairs. The mothers answered seven questions during two different appointments (M1, the child's initial appointment, and M2, the child's treatment appointment) in order to identify their perceptions and expectations about their children's behavior during dental treatment. In addition, child's behavior during the appointments was evaluated. The results of the mothers' interviews were then correlated with their children's behavior using Spearman's correlation test (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the mothers' perceptions and expectations and the behavior displayed by their children during dental treatment (p > 0.05).
Oral findings in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Sæves Rønnaug , Wekre Lena Lande , Ambjørnsen Eirik , Axelsson Stefan , Nordgarden Hilde , Storhaug Kari 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper describes oral findings in an adult population with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) in Norway (n = 94).All participants underwent a structured interview and an oral examination. Panoramic radiographs were analyzed. The findings were compared with data from other Nordic epidemiological studies.Seventeen individuals (19%) had clinical signs of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI). Persons with OI had twice as many missing teeth as the general population, and the number of endodontically treated teeth was higher than in the general population. All persons in the study had an acceptable state of tooth tissue loss. Almost all (97%) of the participants in the study group visited a dentist or a dental hygienist regularly. The results of the study indicated a low prevalence of clinical DI compared with previous reported studies. Oral health was not as good in the population with OI when compared with the general population, although daily oral health habits were good and dental visits were regular.
Isolation, characterization and PCR multiplexing of polymorphic microsatellite markers in the edible dormouse,Glis glis
Authors: HÜRNER H. , MARTIN J. F. , RIBAS A. , ARRIZABALAGA A. , MICHAUX J. R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe isolated and characterized 10 dinucleotide microsatellite loci in the edible dormouse,Glis glis(Linnaeus). Four multiplex panels were developed. Loci were amplified in samples from two geographically distant populations (Torgny in Belgium and Montseny in Spain). All loci were polymorphic in Spain but four were monomorphic in Belgium. Individuals from Belgium and Spain exhibited an average allelic diversity of 1.9 and 3.3 and an observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.08 to 0.47 and from 0.04 to 0.72, respectively.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci in Pinus cembra L.
Authors: SALZER K. , SEBASTIANI F. , GUGERLI F. , BUONAMICI A. , VENDRAMIN G. G. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe developed eight polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers for the Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.), of which seven may be amplified in a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Allelic polymorphism across all loci and 40 individuals representing two populations in the Swiss Alps was high (mean = 7.6 alleles). No significant linkage disequlibrium was displayed between pairs of loci. Significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was revealed at three loci in one population. Cross–amplification was achieved in two related species within the genus (P. sibirica and P. pumila). Thus, the markers may be useful for population genetic studies in these three pine species. They will be applied in ongoing projects on genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow in P. cembra.
Digital image analysis of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Aslam Tariq , Fleck Brian , Patton Niall , Trucco Manuel , Azegrouz Hind 
Published: February 2009

Abstract.An accurate assessment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is essential in ensuring correct and timely treatment of this potentially blinding condition. Current modes of assessment are based upon clinical grading by expert examination of retinal changes. However, this may be subjective, unreliable and difficult and there has been significant interest in alternative means of measurement. These have been made possible through technological advancements in image capture and analysis as well as progress in clinical research, highlighting the specific importance of plus disease in ROP. Progress in these two fields has highlighted the potential for digital image analysis of plus disease to be used as an objective, reliable and valid measurement of ROP. The potential for clinical and scientific advancement through this method is argued and demonstrated in this article. Along with the potential benefits, there are significant challenges such as in image capture, segmentation, measurement of vessel width and tortuosity; these are also addressed. After discussing and explaining the challenges involved, the research articles addressing digital image analysis of ROP are critically reviewed. Benefits and limitations of the currently published techniques for digital ROP assessment are discussed with particular reference to the validity and reliability of outcome measures. Finally, the general limitations of current methods of analysis are discussed and more diverse potential areas of development are discussed.
Calcium Regulating Hormones and Serum Calcium and Magnesium Concentrations in Septic and Critically Ill Foals and their Association with Survival
Authors: Hurcombe S.D.A. , Toribio R.E. , Slovis N.M. , Saville W.J. , Mudge M.C. , MacGillivray K. , Frazer M.L. 
Published: February 2009

Background:Disorders of calcium regulation are frequently found in humans with critical illness, yet limited information exists in foals with similar conditions including septicemia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether disorders of calcium exist in septic foals, and to determine any association with survival.Hypothesis:Blood concentrations of ionized calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) will be lower in septic foals with concomitant increases in parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), and parathyroid‐related peptide (PTHrP) compared with healthy foals. The magnitude of these differences will be negatively associated with survival.Animals:Eighty‐two septic, 40 sick nonseptic, and 24 healthy foals of ≤7 days were included.Methods:Prospective, observational study. Blood was collected at initial examination for analysis. Foals with positive blood culture or sepsis score ≥14 were considered septic. Foals with disease other than sepsis and healthy foals were used as controls. Hormone concentrations were measured with validated immunoassays.Results:Septic foals had decreased Ca2+(5.6 versus 6.1 mg/dL,P< .01) and increased serum PTH (16.2 versus 3.2 pmol/L,P< .05), and phosphorus concentrations (7.1 versus 6.3 mg/dL,P< .01). No differences in serum Mg2+, PTHrP, and CT concentrations were found. Nonsurviving septic foals (n = 42/82) had higher PTH concentrations (41.1 versus 10.7 pmol/L,P< .01) than survivors (n = 40/82).Conclusions and Clinical Importance:Septic foals were more likely to have disorders of calcium regulation compared with healthy foals, where hyperparathyroidemia was associated with nonsurvival.
Engineering a Synthetic Dual-Organism System for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Waks Zeev , Silver Pamela A. 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACT

Molecular hydrogen produced biologically from renewable biomass is an attractive replacement for fossil fuels. One potential route for biological hydrogen production is the conversion of biomass into formate, which can subsequently be processed into hydrogen by
Escherichia coli
. Formate is also a widely used commodity chemical, making its bioproduction even more attractive. Here we demonstrate the implementation of a formate-overproducing pathway in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, a well-established industrial organism. By expressing the anaerobic enzyme pyruvate formate lyase from
E. coli
, we engineered a strain of yeast that overproduced formate relative to undetectable levels in the wild type. The addition of a downstream enzyme, AdhE of
E. coli
, resulted in an additional 4.5-fold formate production increase as well as an increase in growth rate and biomass yield. Overall, an 18-fold formate increase was achieved in a strain background whose formate degradation pathway had been deleted. Finally, as a proof of concept, we were able to produce hydrogen from this formate-containing medium by using
E. coli
as a catalyst in a two-step process. With further optimizations, it may be feasible to use
S. cerevisiae
on a larger scale as the foundation for yeast-based biohydrogen.
Ecological Function of Myroilysin, a Novel Bacterial M12 Metalloprotease with Elastinolytic Activity and a Synergistic Role in Collagen Hydrolysis, in Biodegradation of Deep-Sea High-Molecular-Weight Organic Nitrogen
Authors: Chen Xiu-Lan , Xie Bin-Bin , Bian Fei , Zhao Guo-Yan , Zhao Hui-Lin , He Hai-Lun , Zhou Bai-Cheng , Zhang Yu-Zhong 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACT

Nearly all high-molecular-weight (HMW) dissolved organic nitrogen and part of the particulate organic nitrogen in the deep sea are present in hydrolysis-resistant amides, and so far the mechanisms of biodegradation of these types of nitrogen have not been resolved. The M12 family is the second largest family in subclan MA(M) of Zn-containing metalloproteases and includes most enzymes from animals and only one enzyme (flavastacin) from a human-pathogenic bacterium (
Flavobacterium meningosepticum
). Here, we characterized the novel M12 protease myroilysin with elastinolytic activity and collagen-swelling ability from the newly described deep-sea bacterium
Myroides profundi
D25. Myroilysin is a monomer enzyme with 205 amino acid residues and a molecular mass of 22,936 Da. It has the same conserved residues at the four zinc ligands as astacin and very low levels of identity (≤40%) to other metalloproteases, indicating that it is a novel metalloprotease belonging to subfamily M12A. Myroilysin had broad specificity and much higher elastinolytic activity than the bacterial elastinase pseudolysin. To our knowledge, it is the first reported elastase in the M12 family. Although it displayed very low activity with collagen, myroilysin had strong collagen-swelling ability and played a synergistic role with collagenase in collagen hydrolysis. It can be speculated that myroilysin synergistically interacts with other enzymes in its in situ biotic assemblage and that it may play an important role in the degradation of deep-sea HMW organic nitrogen.
Random Mutagenesis of the
Pm
Promoter as a Powerful Strategy for Improvement of Recombinant-Gene Expression
Authors: Bakke Ingrid , Berg Laila , Aune Trond Erik Vee , Brautaset Trygve , Sletta Håvard , Tøndervik Anne , Valla Svein 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACT

The inducible
Pm
-
xylS
promoter system has proven useful for production of recombinant proteins in several gram-negative species and in high-cell-density cultivations of
Escherichia coli
. In this study we subjected a 24-bp region of
Pm
(including the −10 element) to random mutagenesis, leading to large mutant libraries in
E. coli
. Low-frequency-occurring
Pm
mutants displaying strongly increased promoter activity (up-mutants) could be efficiently identified by using β-lactamase as a reporter. The up-mutants typically carried multiple point mutations positioned throughout the mutagenized region, combined with deletions around the transcription start site. Mutants displaying up to about a 14-fold increase in β-lactamase expression (relative to wild-type
Pm
) were identified without loss of the inducible phenotype. The mutants also strongly stimulated the expression of two other reporter genes,
luc
(encoding firefly luciferase) and
celB
(encoding phosphoglucomutase), and were found to significantly improve (twofold) a previously optimized process for high-level recombinant production of the medically important granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in
E. coli
under high-cell-density conditions. These results demonstrate the potential of using random mutagenesis of promoters to improve protein expression at industrial levels and indicate that targeted modifications of individual functional elements are not sufficient to obtain optimized promoter sequences.
Effects of Biocides and Other Metal Removal Fluid Constituents on
Mycobacterium immunogenum
Authors: Falkinham Joseph O. 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACT

Cells of
Mycobacterium immunogenum
are significantly more resistant to biocides and antimicrobial compounds used for disinfection of metal removal fluids (MRFs) than cells of the gram-negative bacterium
Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
. To ensure accurate measurement of
M. immunogenum
susceptibility, a biocide inactivation step must be included to prevent an overestimation of killing for short-term exposures. Cell suspensions in 5% MRF for 30 min rather than direct plating following biocide exposure increased the killing of
M. immunogenum
cells, suggesting a heretofore undiscovered interaction between MRF components and biocides. Biocide killing was reduced at high
M. immunogenum
cell densities (>10
6
/ml). Among the chemicals tested, only Synergex Premier, Preventol CMK, and dicyclohexylamine killed greater than 90% of
M. immunogenum
cells in 6 h.
M. immunogenum
cells adhered to and grew rapidly on glass, copper, and galvanized surfaces, forming biofilms of 10
6
cells/cm
2
within 2 weeks and suggesting it is likely that the majority of
M. immunogenum
cells in MRF systems are on surfaces.
M. immunogenum
cells grown on surfaces in biofilms were three- to 100-fold more resistant to the biocides Synergex Premier and Preventol CMK than cells grown in suspension, compounding the problem of eradication of
M. immunogenum
cells from MRF systems.
Enhanced Selenate Accumulation in
Cupriavidus metallidurans
CH34 Does Not Trigger a Detoxification Pathway
Authors: Avoscan Laure , Carrière Marie , Proux Olivier , Sarret Géraldine , Degrouard Jéril , Covès Jacques , Gouget Barbara 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACT

Cupriavidus metallidurans
CH34 cells grown under sulfate-limited conditions accumulated up to six times more selenate than cells grown in sulfate-rich medium. The products of selenate reduction detected by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis did not define this strain as being a good candidate for bioremediation of selenate-contaminated environments.
Antimicrobial Activity of the Iron-Sulfur Nitroso Compound Roussin's Black Salt [Fe4S3(NO)7] on the Hyperthermophilic ArchaeonPyrococcus furiosus
Authors: Hamilton-Brehm Scott D. , Schut Gerrit J. , Adams Michael W. W. 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTThe iron-sulfur nitroso compound [Fe4S3(NO)7]−is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that has been used for more than 100 years to combat pathogenic anaerobes. Known as Roussin's black salt (RBS), it contains seven moles of nitric oxide, the release of which was always assumed to mediate its cytotoxicity. Using the hyperthermophilic archaeonPyrococcus furiosus, it is demonstrated through growth studies, membrane analyses, and scanning electron microscopy that nitric oxide does not play a role in RBS toxicity; rather, the mechanism involves membrane disruption leading to cell lysis. Moreover, insoluble elemental sulfur (S0), which is reduced byP. furiosusto hydrogen sulfide, prevents cell lysis by RBS. It is proposed that S0also directly interacts with the membranes ofP. furiosusduring its transfer into the cell, ultimately for reduction by a cytosolic NADPH sulfur reductase. RBS is proposed to be a new class of inorganic antimicrobial agent that also has potential use as an inert cell-lysing agent.
Catalytic Improvement and Evolution of Atrazine Chlorohydrolase
Authors: Scott Colin , Jackson Colin J. , Coppin Chris W. , Mourant Roslyn G. , Hilton Margaret E. , Sutherland Tara D. , Russell Robyn J. , Oakeshott John G. 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACT

The atrazine chlorohydrolase AtzA has evolved within the past 50 years to catalyze the hydrolytic dechlorination of the herbicide atrazine. It is of wide research interest for two reasons: first, catalytic improvement of the enzyme would facilitate its application in bioremediation, and second, because of its recent evolution, it presents a rare opportunity to examine the early stages in the acquisition of new catalytic activities. Using a structural model of the AtzA-atrazine complex, a region of the substrate-binding pocket was targeted for combinatorial randomization. Identification of improved variants through this process informed the construction of a variant AtzA enzyme with 20-fold improvement in its
k
cat
/

K
m

value compared with that of the wild-type enzyme. The reduction in

K
m

observed in the AtzA variants has allowed the full kinetic profile for the AtzA-catalyzed dechlorination of atrazine to be determined for the first time, revealing the hitherto-unreported substrate cooperativity in AtzA. Since substrate cooperativity is common among deaminases, which are the closest structural homologs of AtzA, it is possible that this phenomenon is a remnant of the catalytic activity of the evolutionary progenitor of AtzA. A catalytic mechanism that suggests a plausible mechanistic route for the evolution of dechlorinase activity in AtzA from an ancestral deaminase is proposed.
Cell Wall Polysaccharide Synthases Are Located in Detergent-Resistant Membrane Microdomains in Oomycetes
Authors: Briolay Anne , Bouzenzana Jamel , Guichardant Michel , Deshayes Christian , Sindt Nicolas , Bessueille Laurence , Bulone Vincent 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTThe pathways responsible for cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis are vital in eukaryotic microorganisms. The corresponding synthases are potential targets of inhibitors such as fungicides. Despite their fundamental and economical importance, most polysaccharide synthases are not well characterized, and their molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. With the example ofSaprolegnia monoicaas a model organism, we show that chitin and (1→3)-β-d-glucan synthases are located in detergent-resistant membrane microdomains (DRMs) in oomycetes, a phylum that comprises some of the most devastating microorganisms in the agriculture and aquaculture industries. Interestingly, no cellulose synthase activity was detected in the DRMs. The purified DRMs exhibited similar biochemical features as lipid rafts from animal, plant, and yeast cells, although they contained some species-specific lipids. This report sheds light on the lipid environment of the (1→3)-β-d-glucan and chitin synthases, as well as on the sterol biosynthetic pathways in oomycetes. The results presented here are consistent with a function of lipid rafts in cell polarization and as platforms for sorting specific sets of proteins targeted to the plasma membrane, such as carbohydrate synthases. The involvement of DRMs in the biosynthesis of major cell wall polysaccharides in eukaryotic microorganisms suggests a function of lipid rafts in hyphal morphogenesis and tip growth.