bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new device for long-term continuous enteral nutrition of rats by elementary diet via gastrostomy, following extensive oesophageal or lower gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Müller G. , Schaarschmidt K. , Stratmann U. 
Published: May 2007

A device for intragastric nutrition of unsedated and minimally restrained rats under complete alimentary abstinence has been developed. The cannulation system consists of an infusion pump, modified glass syringe as flow swivel, rat-harness and a silicone-tube-gastrostomy. The animals were kept in special cages and coprophagy was prevented by an own model of faecal collection cup. Methionine and Ca-glycerophosphate had to be added to a commercial elementary diet. The rats were allowed to move freely during intragastric infusion, which was applied for 14 to 28 days in 118 Wistar-rats (350-400 g). They maintained weight on an energy supply of 86·4 kcal/day.
Fentanyl and medetomidine anaesthesia in the rat and its reversal using atipamazole and either nalbuphine or butorphanol
Authors: Hu C. , Flecknell P. A. , Liles J. H. 
Published: May 2007

The intraperitoneal injection of anaesthetic agents is a simple and convenient method of anaesthetizing rats. However, all of the anaesthetic combinations in current use which are administered by intraperitoneal injection produce prolonged sedation, and full recovery of consciousness may take several hours. Fentanyl, a μ agonist opioid, and medetomidine, an α2-adrenoceptor agonist were mixed and administered as a single intraperitoneal injection. Combinations of 300 μg/300 μg/kg and 300 μg/200 μg/kg of fentanyl/medetomidine were shown to produce surgical anaesthesia in the rat. This anaesthetic regimen produced significant respiratory depression ( P<0.01) and animals did not regain their righting reflex until 193±21 min (mean±1 SD) after injection. Administration by intraperitoneal injection of atipamezole, a specific α2-adrenoceptor antagonist (1 mg/kg) mixed with a μ antagonist/k agonist opioid (nalbuphine, 2 mg/kg or butorphanol 0·4 mg/kg), resulted in a rapid (<8 min) reversal of anaesthesia and the associated respiratory depression, and apparent full recovery of consciousness.
Local metabolic, pathophysiological and histological changes in venous ulcers
Authors: Maksimović Ž , Maksimović M 
Published: May 2007

Objectives: The pathogenesis of venous ulceration is not completely understood. The aim of this research was to measure and compare various parameters in ulcers caused by abnormalities in superficial venous (SU) versus deep venous flow (DU), to determine possible differences in their pathogenesis. Methods: Analysis of venous blood gases and levels of anaerobic metabolites from the ulcer site were measured in SU ( n = 8) and DU patients ( n = 8) and compared with control samples from the contralateral healthy limb. Histological examination via electron microscopy was also performed in tissue samples from the ulcer sites in SU ( n = 2) and DU ( n = 2) patients. Results: The SU group had significantly lower values of partial oxygen pressure (pO2) and oxygen saturation (sO2), and significantly higher values of partial pressure of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate concentration and total carbon dioxide versus control samples. The DU group had significantly higher values of pO2 and sO2 versus controls. Elevated levels of pyruvate ( P < 0.01) and lactate ( P < 0.05) were found in DU ulcer blood samples taken after 30 min of passive standing (static shear), as compared with control blood samples. However, no significant histological differences between SU and DU samples could be distinguished via electron microscopy. Conclusions: Differences in levels of venous blood gases and anaerobic metabolites indicate a potential difference in the causation and development of superficial versus deep venous caused ulcers. This may have clinical significance for the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
Subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery using balloon dissector and saphenous vein surgery in chronic venous insufficiency
Authors: Uncu H 
Published: May 2007

Objectives: Subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery (SEPS) has recently been a popular alternative to classical surgical methods in the treatment of severe venous insufficiency of the lower extremity. Yet, there are not many reports concerning this less invasive operation, and many modified methods are applied. We would like to report the clinical results of our country's first SEPS operations performed by using balloon dissector. Methods: The SEPS via two ports and using balloon dissector with saphenous vein stripping and phlebectomy in patients with severe venous insufficiency. Pneumatic tourniquet has never been applied. Results: Twenty-eight operations were performed on 28 patients (13 female, 15 male). Active open ulcers were present in four legs, ulcer scars were present in two patients, skin changes were present in 12 legs and severe oedema was present in 10 legs. An improvement in all clinical findings and complaints was determined following the operations. A significant drop was determined in chronic venous insufficiency scores. No serious complication requiring rehospitalization of the patients was observed. All the patients were followed up for six months, and none presented again with any complaints. Conclusion: SEPS using balloon dissector with saphenous vein surgery we performed is an effective, reliable and promising method.
The diagnostic value of light reflection rheology for suspected deep vein thrombosis: a five-and-a-half year single centre experience
Authors: Smith R A , Rosser S , de Cossart L M 
Published: May 2007

Objectives: Previous studies evaluating light reflection rheology (LRR) in the preliminary diagnosis of suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) have been based on limited patient numbers. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the diagnostic value of LRR in this setting for a large patient series. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out using prospectively collected data over a five-and-a-half year period. During the study period, 3342 limbs were assessed with LLR in 3105 patients referred with suspected DVT (both inpatients and outpatients). Results: In total, 2396 (71.7%) of all the LRR tests carried out yielded an abnormal result. Of the remaining 946 (28.3%) with a normal result, 204 went on to have a duplex scan due to a high clinical index of suspicion, and 14 DVTs were identified on duplex scanning. Of the remaining 742 patients with a normal LRR result who were not scanned, six re-presented within three months with a confirmed DVT, and one with a confirmed pulmonary embolus (PE). These results yield a negative predictive value of 97.8%, a sensitivity of 96.4% with a three-month post-test thromboembolism incidence of 0.9%. Use of LRR allowed duplex scanning to be avoided for 22.2% of referrals. Conclusions: Despite the increasing use of D-dimers and clinical probability scoring in the preliminary investigation of thromboembolic events, LRR remains a viable alternative in safely risk-stratifying patients with suspected DVT.
Communicating Doppler-derived information in superficial venous surgery
Authors: Oinonen A , Lehtola A , Sugano N , Albäck A , Lepäntalo M 
Published: May 2007

Objective: The aim was to evaluate how Doppler-derived information could be communicated in written form to surgeons before superficial vein surgery. Patients and methods: The study included 78 patients with 102 limbs operated on for C2–4 superficial venous insufficiency. A vascular surgeon, in a vascular reference centre, preoperatively examined all patients with duplex ultrasound or hand-held Doppler and prepared a treatment plan accordingly. The plan was then sent to operative units. Patients were cohorted and operated on in two groups either with or without preoperative Doppler marking. At two years postoperatively, an independent examiner performed a follow-up duplex examination. Results: Elimination of preoperatively identified axial reflux succeeded better in preoperatively marked than in non-marked group: axial reflux sites in saphenofemoral junction (SFJ), great saphenous vein (GSV), main branches of GSV or small saphenous vein (SSV) remained in five vs. 12 limbs (10 vs. 26%, P = 0.063). Overall, some axial reflux remained in 11 vs. 21 limbs (22 vs. 41%, P = 0.033). Conclusion: Preoperative Doppler-derived information was not communicable in written form. Thus, it is important for the operating surgeon to do ultrasound-based preoperative marking allowing him to perform more accurate surgery.
The venous valve agger and plasma noradrenaline-mediated venodilator feedback
Authors: Crotty T P 
Published: May 2007

Objective: To investigate the structure and function of the venous valve agger, a fibroelastic structure located at the base of every valve in veins that are responsive to noradrenaline (NA). Design: Constant flow perfusion studies of the responses of in situ and in vitro canine lateral saphenous vein segments to NA and electrical stimulation, supplemented by histological studies of the segments. Setting: University Departments of Physiology and Histology. Materials: Segments of canine lateral saphenous vein. In vitro = 84, in situ = 60 plus. Results: The agger is a crescentic fibroelastic sleeve, spanning the vein wall very obliquely through which the local vasa venarum network drains. It has a dedicated musculature which, when the tone rises, contracts and stretches the fibroelastic of the agger and opens the drainage channels to reflux. Each agger has four muscles, two each of which insert on the concave and convex margins of the agger. They pull in opposite directions when they contract. Conclusions: The agger forms part of a complex that, in conjunction with its dedicated musculature, a reversible transmural pressure gradient and physiological turbulence in the valve sinuses, positively facilitates drainage from the local segment of the vasa venarum network when venous tone is normal; and when venous tone is elevated it pumps and sucks blood from the lumen of the vein to perfuse the vasa venarum network. When the plasma NA in the perfusate diffuses from the network, it causes a localized venodilator feedback effect that restores the elevated tone of the vein to normal. The feedback effect is potent, being estimated to reduce the venonstrictor effect of neuronal NA by about 50% when flow is laminar and considerably more when flow is turbulent. There is evidence that plasma NA may constitute the lateral inhibitory component of the NA chemostimulus of the smooth muscle cell, neuronal NA constituting the excitor component. A chronic breakdown in agger function is believed to be the cause of varicose veins.
Prime valutazioni sull'introduzione della rinnovazione naturale nel bosco ceduo di castagno misto a faggio nella foresta sperimentale e didattica della SPF di Zurigo a Novaggio, Cantone Ticino | Preliminary evaluation of the introduction of natural regeneration into a chestnut-beech coppice in Novaggio, Tessin, Switzerland
Authors: Ott Ernst , Conceprio Fabrizio , Pedrini Andrea 
Published: May 2007

To date there has been very little information on the dry deciduous forests on the southern side of the alps. To redress this imbalance we carried out an intensive and detailed survey of the natural regeneration processes in chestnut-beech-coppice stands in a deciduous forest over a period of 6 years. On a steep sunless slope with easterly exposure we clear cut four narrow aisles, each about 15 metres wide and 100 metres long. On numerous transsections within these aisles, all the way up to the borders where trees were left standing, we installed 119 test sample areas of 1m2, systematically and objectively distributed. The regular examination and taking stock of initial rich natural seeding shows very clearly that this abundance was made possible, above all, by the roughening up of the top soil during clearing. In the following years nearly all test sample areas were covered with increasingly thick layers of leaf-mould which appears to have made subsequent seeding amazingly difficult. In fact, numerous specialist publications and surveys confirm that thick organic cover (the accumulation of leaves over many years with the subsequent formation of leaf-mould)on locations with frequent and severe risk of dehydration is especially unfavourable to germination substrate. However,once the seedlings have successfully put down roots the risk of mortality is strongly diminished in the presence of adequate light.
In order to foster natural regeneration in these dry deciduous forest stands we recommend that following procedures be implemented. Using a uniform shelterwood compartment system,the very first light felling (opening up of the stand) should be carried out in winter immediately after effective seeding and the top soil should be roughened up, at least in some places, down to the level of mineral earth layers. Felling carried out in the traditional manner is usually enough to ensure that the top soil is roughened up and, in addition, that seeds and mineral earth are mixed.
The increase in the amount of light should optimised in such a way as to allow, on the one hand, regeneration seedlings to survive and grow, but that does not heighten competition from the development of vegetation and possible shoots on the other.
Our examination produced further results: growth and survival of the regeneration depends on the amount of light, regeneration reserve under the previous old stand, as well as on the strong throttling of development of the vegetation and shoots in the narrow aisles with little sunlight.
Hat die Waldweide eine Zukunft? Ein interdisziplinäres Projekt in den Alpen | Is there a future for forest grazing? An interdisciplinary project in the Alps
Authors: Mayer Andrea Corinna , Stöckli, Veronika , Konold Werner , Kreuzer Michael 
Published: May 2007

Fifteen percent of the mountain forests in Switzerland are grazed by domestic animals. The forest laws of some alpine cantons prescribe a new regulation of controversial grazing rights. To evaluate the cost and benefit of forest grazing the Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF)at Davos started an interdisciplinary project in May 2000 on the behaviour of cattle and the dynamics of forests on subalpine wood pastures.
A first step describes the management of subalpine wood pastures. In order to determine herbage supply and the selection of specific plant species, vegetation maps were drawn up before and after grazing. Using a double indicator technique,which involved the daily collection of faeces and herbage spot samples, herbage intake and digestibility were analysed. Intake of tree parts was quantified by measuring the shoot lengths of young spruces, larches and rowans immediately before and after grazing. Collars equipped with GPS were used to study the cattle's spatial use of (sub-)alpine pastures. Long term effects on forest structure and wood quality were investigated using dendroecological techniques. Based on the results of these studies, it will be possible to ascertain basic conditions for a sustainable management of Alpine silvopastoral systems. Concluding, an outlook will be given on the possible future of forest grazing in the Swiss Alps and in other regions of Europe.
L'importance des outils de planification forestière dans les opérations de relations publiques en Suisse | The importance of forestry planning tools in public relations operation in Switzerland
Authors: Shakya Christina Giesch 
Published: May 2007

The current study examines the importance of planning and management documents (notably the forest management plan and the regional forest plan) for public relations purposes. 17 people (15 forest engineers and 2 forest guards) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire.The results of our survey show that some of the information used for public relations is taken from the planning documents. The forest management plan is primarily considered to be an internal document, but it also provides information on the objectives of forest enterprises, justifications of the planned measures, numbers and maps. The regional forest plan contributes to the public relations in three ways: its content provides information about objectives, description of forest functions, projects and measures. In addition, the participation of the public in the process of elaborating this plan is an ideal opportunity to heighten awareness in society and further public understanding of the forest and forestry services. Finally, as the regional forest management plan is in the public domain, it functions as a type of «show case» of the forest service.
Peer discussion affects children's memory reports
Authors: Candel Ingrid , Memon Amina , Al‐Harazi Fatma 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study explored the memory conformity effect in children. Younger (6–7 years; n = 60) and older (11–12 years; n = 62) children watched a video individually (individual witness condition) or in dyads (co‐witness condition). The dyads believed that they were viewing the same video as the other member of the pair while in fact the saw different versions. Next, children in the individual witness condition answered questions, whereas children in the co‐witness condition discussed the event on the video with each other. Finally, all children completed an individual free and cued recall task. In the co‐witness condition, more than 60% of the children recalled at least one detail from the alternative video, whereas over 23% of the children in the individual witness condition reported such a detail. Moreover, in free recall—but not in cued recall—the memory conformity effect was stronger for older than for younger children. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children remember early childhood: long‐term recall across the offset of childhood amnesia
Authors: Cleveland Emily Sutcliffe , Reese Elaine 
Published: May 2007

AbstractYoung children's verbal recall for personally experienced events was examined over extended time periods across the traditional boundary of childhood amnesia. Forty children, aged 5½, discussed with an experimenter personal experiences that had taken place when they were as young as 1½. At 5½ children had not yet forgotten at least some events from before age 3½, the average offset of childhood amnesia. There was a qualitative shift in children's recall for events that occurred before age 2; for events that happened before age 2, only around half of children's recall was accurate. For events that occurred after this age, over 75% of children's recall was accurate. Complete forgetting of very early childhood has not yet occurred by age 5½. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photographs can distort memory for the news
Authors: Garry Maryanne , Strange Deryn , Bernstein Daniel M. , Kinzett Toni 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this experiment, we ask whether photographs can lead to false memories for elements of a newspaper story. Participants played the role of a newspaper editor, identifying minor typographical errors in three newspaper articles and marking the text where they thought an accompanying photo should be placed when the story was printed. The critical article described a hurricane's effects on a coastal region; the story made no mention of personal injury or death. We varied the accompanying critical photo: participants saw either a photo of a village before the hurricane hit or after. In a later memory test, both ‘Before’ and ‘After’ participants were equally good at correctly recognising old statements and rejecting weak lures. However, the ‘After’ participants claimed to have read information describing death and injury 32% of the time. By comparison, ‘Before’ participants claimed to have read these statements only 9% of the time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Restrictions in working memory capacity during parachuting: a possible cause of ‘no pull’ fatalities
Authors: Leach John , Griffith Rebecca 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWorking memory capacity of novice and experienced parachutists was compared under three conditions: prior to exiting the aircraft, on landing and during a control, non‐jumping day. Analysis of the operation span task revealed significant impairments in both storage and processing capacities of working memory prior to jumping. Storage capacity continued to be impaired in novice parachutists on landing whilst experienced parachutists showed full recovery. Neither group showed impairment in processing capacity on landing. Significant increases in heart rate were found for both groups in the jump and landing conditions compared to baseline but no differences existed between novices and experienced parachutists. Initial analyses support processing efficiency theory and suggest that cognitive processing may be slowing down during a jump. However, post hoc analysis of incorrect responses suggest that executive function may actually become disrupted. The results are reviewed in the context of ‘no pull’ parachuting fatalities. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories and imagined events in sub‐clinical obsessive‐compulsive checkers
Authors: Zermatten Ariane , van der Linden Martial , D'Argembeau Arnaud , Ceschi Grazia 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPhenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories and imagined experiences were examined in checking‐ and non‐checking‐prone individuals. Participants were asked to retrieve a positive, a negative and a neutral memory, and to imagine a positive, a negative and a neutral experience. They were then requested to evaluate each event according to characteristics such as sensory and contextual details. The main results revealed that non‐checking‐prone participants reported more general vividness than checking‐prone individuals for real events. In addition, non‐checking‐prone individuals reported more visual details and vividness for real than imagined experiences, while no difference between real and imagined events was found for checking‐prone participants. These results suggest that checking‐prone participants report poor memories of real events, which could in turn explain their difficulties distinguishing between real and imagined events. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selection of lineup foils in operational contexts
Authors: Darling Stephen , Valentine Tim , Memon Amina 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIt has been argued (Luus & Wells, 1991) that matching lineup foils to the description of the culprit, rather than the appearance of the suspect, brings benefits to witness performance on identification tasks, in particular by increasing the rate of correct identifications of the culprit. Recently, live identification procedures in the United Kingdom have been replaced by use of video. The reported research investigated whether use of description matching would improve lineup performance when implemented using this new video based system in an ecologically valid experiment. The effect of using moving rather than still video clips was also investigated. Participants witnessed a live staged incident, and attempted to identify the culprit later from police video lineups. Neither use of a description‐matching strategy to select foils nor use of moving images produced a reliable improvement in performance for culprit present (CP) or culprit absent (CA) lineups. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.