bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IκB kinase β inhibition induces cell death in Imatinib-resistant and T315I Dasatinib-resistant BCR-ABL+ cells
Authors: Duncan Elizabeth A. , Goetz Christine A. , Stein Sarah J. , Mayo Katie J. , Skaggs Brian J. , Ziegelbauer Karl , Sawyers Charles L. , Baldwin Albert S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChronic myelogenous leukemia is a malignant disease of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment, which is characterized by expression of the BCR-ABL fusion protein. Expression of BCR-ABL allows myeloid cells to grow in the absence of the growth factors interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The tyrosine kinase activity of BCR-ABL constitutively activates signaling pathways associated with Ras and its downstream effectors and with the Jak/STAT pathway. Additionally, we reported previously that BCR-ABL activates the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in a manner dependent on Ras and that inhibition of NF-κB by expression of a modified form of IκBα blocked BCR-ABL-driven tumor growth in a xenograft model. Here, we show that a highly specific inhibitor of IκB kinase β, a key upstream regulator of the NF-κB pathway, induces growth suppression and death in cells expressing wild-type, Imatinib-resistant, or the T315I Imatinib/Dasatinib-resistant forms of BCR-ABL. Cell cycle variables were not affected by this compound. These data indicate that blockage of BCR-ABL-induced NF-κB activation via IκB kinase β inhibition represents a potential new approach for treatment of Imatinib- or Dasatinib-resistant forms of chronic myelogenous leukemia. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(2):391–7]
Potent antitumor effects of ZD6474 on neuroblastoma via dual targeting of tumor cells and tumor endothelium
Authors: Beaudry Paul , Nilsson Monique , Rioth Matthew , Prox Daniela , Poon David , Xu Lanwei , Zweidler-Mckay Patrick , Ryan Anderson , Folkman Judah , Ryeom Sandra , Heymach John 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Among children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma, the prognosis is poor and novel therapeutic strategies are needed to improve long-term survival. As with other solid tumors, high vascular density within neuroblastoma is associated with advanced disease, and therapeutic regimens directed against the tumor vasculature may provide clinical benefit. The receptor tyrosine kinase RET is widely expressed in neuroblastoma and is known to activate key signal transduction pathways involved in tumor cell survival and progression including Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt. We investigated the effect of dual targeting of tumor cells and tumor endothelium with ZD6474, a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2, epidermal growth factor receptor, and RET. ZD6474 inhibited the phosphorylation of RET in neuroblastoma cells and had a direct effect on tumor cell viability in seven neuroblastoma cell lines. In a human neuroblastoma xenograft model, ZD6474 inhibited tumor growth by 85% compared with treatment with vehicle alone. In contrast, no significant inhibition of tumor growth was observed after treatment with bevacizumab, an antihuman VEGF monoclonal antibody, or the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib, either alone or in combination. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that ZD6474 treatment led to an increase in endothelial cell apoptosis along with inhibition of VEGF receptor-2 activation on tumor endothelium. In conclusion, dual targeting of tumor cells, potentially through RET inhibition, and tumor vasculature with ZD6474 leads to potent antitumor effects. This approach merits further investigation for patients with neuroblastoma. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(2):418–24]
A cell-active inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases restores paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in dexamethasone-protected cancer cells
Authors: Vogt Andreas , McDonald Peter R. , Tamewitz Aletheia , Sikorski Rachel P. , Wipf Peter , Skoko John J. , Lazo John S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP)-1 is a dual-specificity phosphatase that negatively regulates the activity of mitogen-activated kinases and that is overexpressed in human tumors. Contemporary studies suggest that induction of MKP-1 during chemotherapy may limit the efficacy of clinically used antineoplastic agents. Thus, MKP-1 is a rational target to enhance anticancer drug activity, but suitable small-molecule inhibitors of MKP-1 are currently unavailable. Here, we have used a high-content, multiparameter fluorescence-based chemical complementation assay for MKP activity in intact mammalian cells to evaluate the cellular MKP-1 and MKP-3 inhibitory activities of four previously described, quinone-based, dual-specificity phosphatase inhibitors, that is, NSC 672121, NSC 95397, DA-3003-1 (NSC 663284), and JUN-1111. All compounds induced formation of reactive oxygen species in mammalian cells, but only one (NSC 95397) inhibited cellular MKP-1 and MKP-3 with an IC50 of 13 μmol/L. Chemical induction of MKP-1 by dexamethasone protected cells from paclitaxel-induced apoptosis but had no effect on NSC 95397. NSC 95397 phenocopied the effects of MKP-1 small inhibitory RNA by reversing the cytoprotective effects of dexamethasone in paclitaxel-treated cells. Isobologram analysis revealed synergism between paclitaxel and NSC 95397 only in the presence of dexamethasone. The data show the power of a well-defined cellular assay for identifying cell-active inhibitors of MKPs and support the hypothesis that small-molecule inhibitors of MKP-1 may be useful as antineoplastic agents under conditions of high MKP-1 expression. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(2):330–40]
The Drought of Amazonia in 2005
Authors: Marengo José A. , Nobre Carlos A. , Tomasella Javier , Oyama Marcos D. , Sampaio de Oliveira Gilvan , de Oliveira Rafael , Camargo Helio , Alves Lincoln M. , Brown I. Foster 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
In 2005, large sections of southwestern Amazonia experienced one of the most intense droughts of the last hundred years. The drought severely affected human population along the main channel of the Amazon River and its western and southwestern tributaries, the Solimões (also known as the Amazon River in the other Amazon countries) and the Madeira Rivers, respectively. The river levels fell to historic low levels and navigation along these rivers had to be suspended. The drought did not affect central or eastern Amazonia, a pattern different from the El Niño–related droughts in 1926, 1983, and 1998. The choice of rainfall data used influenced the detection of the drought. While most datasets (station or gridded data) showed negative departures from mean rainfall, one dataset exhibited above-normal rainfall in western Amazonia.
The causes of the drought were not related to El Niño but to (i) the anomalously warm tropical North Atlantic, (ii) the reduced intensity in northeast trade wind moisture transport into southern Amazonia during the peak summertime season, and (iii) the weakened upward motion over this section of Amazonia, resulting in reduced convective development and rainfall. The drought conditions were intensified during the dry season into September 2005 when humidity was lower than normal and air temperatures were 3°–5°C warmer than normal. Because of the extended dry season in the region, forest fires affected part of southwestern Amazonia. Rains returned in October 2005 and generated flooding after February 2006.
Variability in the Position and Strength of Winter Jet Stream Cores Related to Northern Hemisphere Teleconnections
Authors: Strong Courtenay , Davis Robert E. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Numerous teleconnections have been identified based upon spatial variability in sea level pressure or lower-tropospheric geopotential height fields. These teleconnections, which are commonly strongest in winter when the mean meridional temperature gradient is large, typically are neither derived from nor linked to changes in the jet stream. Here, winter tropospheric jet stream cores over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) are recovered from 6-hourly gridded data and interannual variability in winter jet core position, speed, and pressure are investigated in the context of NH teleconnections. Common methods for researching jet stream speed and position variability may yield unrepresentative results because jet core pressure variability is ignored (only one isobaric surface is evaluated) or pressure variability effects are smoothed (values are vertically averaged across several isobaric surfaces). In this analysis, data are extracted at the surface of maximum wind, thus controlling for jet core pressure variability and allowing for a more representative tracking of three-dimensional jet core variations.
In the extratropics, the leading pattern of variability in jet core frequency is correlated with the Arctic Oscillation index (AOI) and appears as an oscillation about the spiral-shaped mean configuration of the winter jet stream. In contrast to previous research, the authors find no evidence of Pacific jet deceleration during positive AOI. The second leading mode of variability appears as a split (merged) winter-mean jet stream in the east Pacific together with a merged (split) winter-mean jet stream over North America, a pattern of change that correlates with the Pacific–North American pattern and is reflected in the amplitude of the long-wave ridge over western North America.
Alternative Indices for the Warm-Season NAO and Precipitation Variability in West Greenland
Authors: Aebly Frank A. , Hu Qi , Fritz Sherilyn C. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Observed precipitation records from Kangerlussuaq, Greenland, and atmospheric variables from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis were used in a statistical analysis to elucidate controls on the seasonal variation of precipitation and develop indices that may be potentially useful for analyzing precipitation variability in paleoclimate and future climate change investigations. Three distinct patterns of correlation between precipitation and the 500-hPa geopotential height were found to represent three dominant atmospheric patterns that strongly influence precipitation for different times of the year. All three patterns show a relation to the North Atlantic Oscillation signature found in the first empirical orthogonal function of the 500-hPa height field. Spatially dependent indices were developed based on the 500-hPa geopotential field. The correlation coefficients between precipitation at Kangerlussuaq and these indices range from −0.38 for winter to 0.64 for the warm season (May–September). The warm-season index herein is the first index reported in the literature that correlates significantly with precipitation during the warm season. Correlations of these indices with precipitation in Oslo, Norway, are high and are of opposite sign to west Greenland indices for the winter and summer months. This indicates that they are good representations of the atmospheric patterns associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation and the west Greenland–northern Europe “seesaw.” High correlations are also found with precipitation measured at Nuuk, Qaqortoq, and Upernavik, Greenland.
Interactions between the Responses of North American Climate to El Niño–La Niña and to the Secular Warming Trend in the Indian–Western Pacific Oceans
Authors: Lau Ngar-Cheung , Leetmaa Ants , Nath Mary Jo 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The modulation of El Niño and La Niña responses by the long-term sea surface temperature (SST) warming trend in the Indian–Western Pacific (IWP) Oceans has been investigated using a large suite of sensitivity integrations with an atmospheric general circulation model. These model runs entail the prescription of anomalous SST conditions corresponding to composite El Niño or La Niña episodes, to SST increases associated with secular warming in IWP, and to combinations of IWP warming and El Niño/La Niña. These SST forcings are derived from the output of coupled model experiments for climate settings of the 1951–2000 and 2001–50 epochs. Emphasis is placed on the wintertime responses in 200-mb height and various indicators of surface climate in the North American sector.
The model responses to El Niño and La Niña forcings are in agreement with the observed interannual anomalies associated with warm and cold episodes. The wintertime model responses in North America to IWP warming bear a distinct positive (negative) spatial correlation with the corresponding responses to La Niña (El Niño). Hence, the amplitude of the combined responses to IWP warming and La Niña is notably higher than that to IWP warming and El Niño. The model projections indicate that, as the SST continues to rise in the IWP sector during the twenty-first century, the strength of various meteorological anomalies accompanying La Niña (El Niño) will increase (decrease) with time. The response of the North American climate and the zonal mean circulation to the combined effects of IWP forcing and La Niña (El Niño) is approximately equal to the linear sum of the separate effects of IWP warming and La Niña (El Niño).
The summertime responses to IWP warming bear some similarity to the meteorological anomalies accompanying extended droughts and heat waves over the continental United States.
Contribution of polymorphism in codon 72 of p53 gene to systemic lupus erythematosus in Poland
Authors: Piotrowski P. , Lianeri M. , Mostowska M. , Wudarski M. , Chwalińska-Sadowska H. , Jagodziński PP 
Published: February 2008

The contribution of the p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains controversial. We investigated the frequency of the p53 Arg72Pro genotype in patients with SLE ( n = 155) and in controls ( n = 150) in Poland. We found a weak contribution of the Arg/Arg genotype to the morbidity of SLE. Odds ratio (OR) for patients with SLE and p53 Arg/Arg genotype was 1.875 [95% CI = 1.180—2.979], P = 0.0075 and OR of the Arg/Arg and Arg/Pro genotypes was 1.549 [95% CI = 0.752—3.195], P = 0.2328. Since the p53Arg variant supports apoptosis better than the p53Pro variant, our findings can be linked to an increase in the number of apoptotic leucocytes in SLE patients. The distinction between various populations may be because of differences in racial composition and/or exposure to distinct environmental factors that have a different impact on SLE incidence along with the changed Argp53Pro genotype. Lupus (2008) 17, 148—151.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome during systemic lupus erythematosus: four new cases and review of the literature
Authors: Leroux G. , Sellam J. , Costedoat-Chalumeau N. , Le Thi Huong D. , Combes A. , Tieulié N. , Haroche J. , Amoura Z. , Nieszkowska A. , Chastre J. , Dormont D. , Piette J-C. 
Published: February 2008

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) associates various neurological manifestations (headaches, seizures, altered mental status, cortical blindness, focal neurological deficits, vomiting) and transient changes on neuroimaging consistent with cerebral edema. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome mainly occurs in the setting of hypertension, eclampsia, renal failure and/or use of immunosuppressive drugs.We report four cases of PRES complicating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In all our cases, renal involvement and hypertension were present. Neurological symptoms were typical. Magnetic resonance imaging showed posterior cerebral edema and in one case hemorrhagic complication. With symptomatic treatment and immunosuppressor withdrawal when they were previously used, symptoms fully resolved within 15 days in all cases, but one who had only partial regression related to cerebral hemorrhage.Including our cases, we reviewed a total of 46 patients with SLE and PRES. Their clinical and radiological presentation was not specific. The peculiar role of SLE itself in the occurrence of PRES was not clear, since hypertension (95%), renal involvement (91%), recent onset of immunosuppressive drugs (54%) and/or recent treatment with high intravenous dose of steroids (43%) were often present. The hypertension and other worsening factors should be treated. Finally, the evolution of this clinical and radiological spectacular syndrome is generally rapidly favorable. Lupus (2008) 17, 139—147.
Thalidomide for treatment of multiple myeloma: 10 years later
Authors: Palumbo Antonio , Facon Thierry , Sonneveld Pieter , Bladè Joan , Offidani Massimo , Gay Francesca , Moreau Philippe , Waage Anders , Spencer Andrew , Ludwig Heinz , Boccadoro Mario , Harousseau Jean-Luc 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThalidomide, bortezomib, and lenalidomide have recently changed the treatment paradigm of myeloma. In young, newly diagnosed patients, the combination of thalidomide and dexamethasone has been widely used as induction treatment before autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). In 2 randomized studies, consolidation or maintenance with low-dose thalidomide has extended both progression-free and overall survival in patients who underwent ASCT at diagnosis. In elderly, newly diagnosed patients, 3 independent randomized studies have reported that the oral combination of melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide (MPT) is better than the standard melphalan and prednisone (MP). These studies have shown better progression-free survival, and 2 have shown improved overall survival for patients assigned to MPT. In refractory-relapsed disease, combinations including thalidomide with dexamethasone, melphalan, doxorubicin, or cyclophosphamide have been extensively investigated. The risks of side effects are greater when thalidomide is used in combination with other drugs. Thromboembolism and peripheral neuropathy are the major concern. The introduction of anticoagulant prophylaxis has reduced the rate of thromboembolism to less than 10%. Immediate thalidomide dose reduction or discontinuation when paresthesia is complicated by pain or motor deficit has decreased the severity of neuropathy. Future studies will define the most effective or the best sequence of combinations which could improve life expectancy.
CYP4F2 genetic variant alters required warfarin dose
Authors: Caldwell Michael D. , Awad Tarif , Johnson Julie A. , Gage Brian F. , Falkowski Mat , Gardina Paul , Hubbard Jason , Turpaz Yaron , Langaee Taimour Y. , Eby Charles , King Cristi R. , Brower Amy , Schmelzer John R. , Glurich Ingrid , Vidaillet Humberto J. , Yale Steven H. , Qi Zhang Kai , Berg Richard L. , Burmester James K. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Warfarin is an effective, commonly prescribed anticoagulant used to treat and prevent thrombotic events. Because of historically high rates of drug-associated adverse events, warfarin remains underprescribed. Further, interindividual variability in therapeutic dose mandates frequent monitoring until target anticoagulation is achieved. Genetic polymorphisms involved in warfarin metabolism and sensitivity have been implicated in variability of dose. Here, we describe a novel variant that influences warfarin requirements. To identify additional genetic variants that contribute to warfarin requirements, screening of DNA variants in additional genes that code for drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transport proteins was undertaken using the Affymetrix drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters panel. A DNA variant (rs2108622; V433M) in cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2) was associated with warfarin dose in 3 independent white cohorts of patients stabilized on warfarin representing diverse geographic regions in the United States and accounted for a difference in warfarin dose of approximately 1 mg/day between CC and TT subjects. Genetic variation of CYP4F2 was associated with a clinically relevant effect on warfarin requirement.
Time-modulated Release of Multiple Proteins from Enzyme-responsive Multilayered Capsules
Authors: Itoh Yuki , Matsusaki Michiya , Kida Toshiyuki , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The time-modulated release of two kinds of proteins in response to specific enzymes was achieved by using multilayered capsules incorporating these proteins in separate positions of the capsule, which were prepared via layer-by-layer assembly of chitosan, dextran sulfate, and poly(l-lysine).
Effect of pH on Hydrothermal Synthesis of γ-Al2O3 Nanoparticles at 673 K
Authors: Sato Toshiyuki , Sue Kiwamu , Akiyama Yuka , Shibata Kei , Kawasaki Shin-ichiro , Tanaka Satoshi , Saitoh Kazunori , Kawai-Nakamura Akiko , Aida Keiko , Hiaki Toshihiko 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Hydrothemal synthesis of γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles obtained from aqueous Al(NO3)3 solutions was carried out at 673 K and under pressures ranging from 30 to 40 MPa for 2 s using a flow apparatus. Effect of pressure and molality of HNO3 and KOH on crystal phase was examined. All products were a mixture of γ-Al2O3 and AlOOH having crystallite sizes less than 18 nm. Weight ratio of γ-Al2O3 to AlOOH in the products evaluated from TG showed a good correlation with pH at 673 K and increased from 0.17 to 1.16 with decreasing pH.
A Novel Cis–Trans Isomerism Found in a Sulfur-bridged PdII2AuI2 Tetranuclear Complex with [Pd(amine)2(thiolato)2]-type Building Units
Authors: Taguchi Mai , Sameshima Yuko , Igashira-Kamiyama Asako , Akine Shigehisa , Nabeshima Tatsuya , Konno Takumi 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Treatment of [Au(d-pen-S)2]3− (d-H2pen = d-penicillamine) with [PdCl4]2− in a 1:1 ratio gave a S-bridged PdII2AuI2 tetranuclear complex, in which two square-planar [Pd(d-pen-N,S)2]2− units are linked by two linear AuI ions. This tetranuclear complex was found to form two geometrical isomers that are discriminated by the cis–trans isomerism of [Pd(d-pen-N,S)2]2− units.
A Novel Visible-light-sensitive Efficient Photocatalyst, CrIII-grafted TiO2
Authors: Irie Hiroshi , Miura Shuhei , Nakamura Ryuhei , Hashimoto Kazuhito 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
TiO2 powder grafted with CrIII ions was demonstrated to become a novel type of hybrid photocatalyst. It could decompose 2-propanol into CO2 via acetone under visible-light (450–580 nm) irradiation. The reaction is explained by the photoinduced direct charge transfer from surface CrIII ion to the conduction band of TiO2, in which injected electron into the conduction band reduces oxygen and the CrIV oxidizes 2-propanol.
A Simple Modification Method of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube with Polyhydroxyamide
Authors: Zhou Chengjun , Zhuang Qixin , Qian Jun , Li Xinxin , Han Zhewen 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
A simple coprecipitation method has been performed to achieve a noncovalent modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with polyhydroxyamide (PHA). The PHA-wrapped MWNTs (PHA-MWNT) prepared was verified by FT-IR and SEM. The weight content of nanotubes in PHA-MWNT is determined and analyzed by TGA. There are the strong interaction between PHA and MWNTs including hydrogen bonds besides π–π stacking and van der Waals interactions. Moreover, PHA-MWNT has a remarkable solubility in polar solvents and a good thermal stability.
Charge Delocalization over Stacked π-Electron Systems
Authors: Nakano Tamaki , Yade Tohru 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Cation radicals of oligomers and polymers of dibenzofulvene having a π-stacked conformation showed broad absorption bands based on charge resonance in near IR region, which red-shifted with increasing degree of polymerization, indicating that charge delocalization takes place through multiple, stacked fluorene moieties.
Dye Redissolution after Precipitation with a Water-miscible Ionic Liquid
Authors: Ali Maroof , Baker Gary A , Pandey Siddharth 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Redissolution of five popular cationic dyes with a water-miscible ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate after their near quantitative precipitation from aqueous solutions is observed. The behavior of the ionic liquid is similar to that of a salt at lower concentrations, while it acts like a cosolvent at higher concentrations.