bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MOISTURE STUDIES IN THE DOMESTIC ENVIRONMENT
Authors: LAKE BARBARA , HUGHES JANE LLOYD 
Published: July 2007

In an attempt to ascertain the measure of agreement as to what constitutes dryness in textile goods following laundering and during domestic storage, a series of trials were carried out employing a large sample of testers. Each was asked to register a decision, whether damp or dry, for articles in wool, cotton and poly‐cotton (67% polyester, 33% cotton). These articles were of known moisture contents, measured as percentage moisture regains, following exposure to controlled atmospheres ranging between 0 r.h. and 95% r.h.Considerable variations in dampness perception were recorded between individual testers and results differed with the fibre content; poly‐cotton presented the most difficulties. Nevertheless it was possible to discern for each textile, a moisture content band below which goods could be declared acceptably dry.Implications for the indoor drying and storage of laundered articles were reviewed. Dryness acceptable to the majority (90% of the sample) could be achieved within a normal indoor atmosphere (50% r.h., 20°C) for poly‐cotton but not for wool or cotton. For these, a reduced humidity or an elevated temperature would be required, necessitating the expenditure of energy such as is commonly available in the domestic airing cupboard. Results were applied to a psychometric chart to make recommendations for effective temperatures within such cupboards.
MOISTURE STUDIES IN THE DOMESTIC ENVIRONMENT
Authors: LAKE BARBARA , HUGHES JANE LLOYD 
Published: July 2007

Indications from a survey of floor washing practices were used to derive a measurement of the amount of moisture likely to be released into the atmosphere each time a domestic kitchen floor is washed. Three different floors were used, each considered representative in size and shape of contemporary kitchen floors. All were surfaced in vinyl plastic, indicated in the survey to be the overwhelmingly popular flooring material. Three types of implement were selected; a floor cloth, a string mop and a sponge mop, each equally popular in the survey.The obvious association between moisture release and floor area was explored, marking off different measured areas to be washed. This was acknowledged not to represent normal practice in that it eliminated contact with perimeter fitments under which water could be harboured. Instead sufficient operators were enlisted and operations performed to justify averaging results and arriving at a range of values for moisture release from a single representative floor washing operation.Although a six‐fold difference was recorded between the highest and the lowest measurement, there was a clear indication of where the average would fall. This proved to be appreciably lower than estimates published some 30 years ago. Evidence available indicated that this could be largely due to the change from absorbent to water‐repellent floor coverings. Techniques of floor washing could hardly be implicated for the modern sponge mop performed no better than the old‐style string mop and both were eclipsed by the traditional floor cloth in ability to remove water from a washed floor.
THE CONSUMER FOOD AND NUTRITION KNOWLEDGE OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS
Authors: GUTHRIE LOU A. , GARMAN E. THOMAS 
Published: July 2007

Over 4000 prospective secondary and elementary teachers were tested in a national study to determine their knowledge of fourteen consumer subject areas. In the area of consumer food and nutrition knowledge the prospective teachers achieved only 48%. This area of consumer food and nutrition was found to be a critical weakness of prospective teachers relative to their performance in the other consumer subject areas. Prospective home economics and agriculture teachers scored higher than other majors on the food and nutrition questions but still revealed a poor cognitive grasp of the subject.Because of their impact on children's attitudes toward food and their eating patterns, prospective teachers need to be knowledgeable about food concepts. This study has implications for educators and college curriculum committees concerning the need for college level courses which deal with food and nutrition concepts.
THE FIRE HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH TEXTILES USED ON BEDS
Authors: GREENWOOD K. 
Published: July 2007

Recent research has shown that special conditions under which textiles are used on beds require special test methods to be used for assessing the flammability of these materials. A new method has been developed which has been subjected to an extensive inter‐laboratory trial and which is intended to become a British Standard.Application of this method to a wide range of bedding materials currently used in private houses as well as public establishments (hospitals, hotels, etc.) has drawn attention to fabric structure as a major factor affecting flammability. There appears to exist a need to develop structures which satisfy in an optimal way the respective requirements of safety and thermal efficiency.
DOMESTIC ENERGY CONSERVATION AND THE CONSUMER*
Authors: BAGSHAW MARY 
Published: July 2007

This study identifies factors influencing the behaviour of the household in energy conservation, and reports on a survey carried out to investigate knowledge in the area of energy and its conservation and the extent to which knowledge is put into practice to save energy.The survey showed that, amongst working class women, the need to reduce the bill, or at least stop it rising so fast is the greatest incentive to conservation. Knowledge of how and where heat is lost from the house is poor and there is little awareness of the need for insulation. Conservation practices in cooking are poor and where money is less tight, women easily become careless users of hot water. Most women do not have the knowledge to choose between fuels and appliances. The knowledge of women over 60 is significantly lower than that of younger women.
CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR FRESH WHITE FISH SPECIES
Authors: HAMILTON MORAG , BENNETT RODERICK 
Published: July 2007

Nine fresh white fish species were investigated by sensory evaluation panels. Judges were able to distinguish between species by taste. Preference was determined by flavour but was not held very strongly, so that most people would find all the species acceptable and could be advised to base their choice of species on price rather than name.Two species were tested after incorporation into products and were found to be indistinguishable from one another in these forms.
INFORMATION DISCLOSURE IN MAIL ORDER CATALOGUES
Authors: CUDE BRENDA , WALKER ROSEMARY 
Published: July 2007

Catalogue mail order shopping has become a common mode of shopping for many consumers. Despite Federal Trade Commission rules as well as federal statutes designed to protect consumers in mail order transactions, consumers continue to experience problems with shopping by mail. Some problems may stem from limited availability or clarity of information in mail order catalogues. Resolution of problems is also more difficult when complete information is not available.In a survey of 139 catalogues distributed in the United States the authors found that, with the exception of refund policies, the majority contained no (or vague) information on the companies' policies. Additionally, when information was provided it was usually located on the order form rather than in the catalogue itself. Recommendations for improved information disclosure in mail order catalogues are discussed in the final section of this paper.
Factors affecting the selection of clothes on daily basis: male and female differences
Authors: KWON YOON‐HEE , DRAYTON MARY ANN 
Published: July 2007

The major objective of the study was to test the theories of the function of dress that individuals apply to everyday practice. The study examined the extent to which Maslow's theory of motivation is relevant to male and female practice regarding the selection of daily clothes, the order of importance and the attention to clothing functions demonstrated by males and females, and the inter‐relationship between the different clothing functions. The study is based on data collected from male and female students at a midwestern university in the month of April.The Friedman two‐way ANOVA by ranks revealed that weather function was the single most important clothing function for males which influenced the selection of daily clothing, while social activity was the most important clothing function which influenced females. Females indicated a higher degree of consideration of each clothing function than males. These findings suggest that females tend to dress more for social reasons, are more sensitive to clothing needs and possess a greater degree of clothing awareness than males.The correlation coefficients of clothing function for males and females indicated that there was a high degree of correlation between several clothing functions. The correlation coefficients of clothing functions for females were more consistent than those for males, indicating that females consistently consider several clothing functions concurrently while males do not. This finding conforms with the theory of functions of dress which illustrates the multiple nature of motivation of clothing behaviour and the interdependent characteristics of Maslow's five basic human needs.
Clothing outshopping in a rural Western community
Authors: LENNON SHARRON J. , BAUGH DONNA , CHATTERTON JULIE , LARKIN JANE 
Published: July 2007

Statistics reveal that over half of all women are gainfully employed outside the home. Professional working women have a certain status to maintain and it is reasonable to assume that their clothing needs might differ from women who are employed in other occupations and who remain in the home. Recent research has shown that considerable shopping occurs out of the local retail trade area (termed outshopping). Product‐specific outshopping research has revealed clothing to be a product consumers are willing to out‐shop to obtain. Professionally employed women might have to resort to outshopping more often than the other women in order to meet their clothing needs. For this project outshopping was defined to be the percentage of shopping which occurred at least 50 miles from the test site.This research represents the combined efforts of a graduate class studying trends in fashion merchandising; a telephone survey was developed and conducted by the class and responses from 100 female consumers were analysed using multiple step‐wise regression. It was predicted and found that clothing outshopping behaviour could be significantly predicted by the degree of satisfaction with local retailing and number of children remaining in the home. Including the two variables professional/non‐professional working status, and the age of female respondent as predictors, did not significantly improve the ability to predict outshopping behaviour. The implications for retailers are discussed.
Consumer acceptance of irradiated food: A study of symbolic adoption
Authors: SAPP STEPHEN G. , HARROD WENDY J. 
Published: July 2007

Previous research reveals mixed signals regarding the potential for consumer acceptance of irradiated food. Consumer acceptance seems to depend upon the nature and amount of information provided about irradiation. Survey research finds that only about 20–30% of respondents initially express favourable opinions of irradiation with some cautionary signals concerning consumer suspicion of the process and its benefits to the public. Some laboratory experiments and market tests, on the other hand, indicate a willingness of the consumer to accept a high quality, government‐approved product, especially when irradiation is placed within the context of alternative pest and bacteria control treatments. However, these studies fail to provide the consumer with negative information about irradiation.This study examines the relative impact of social persuasion and both favourable and unfavourable information on consumer acceptance of food irradiation. The study takes the approach that consumer acceptance is a social process, wherein acceptance becomes subject to societal approval through word‐of‐mouth conversations. Previous literature suggests that social persuasion, particularly negative social persuasion, should outweigh favourable information on consumer acceptance of a new technology. This proposition is supported by the results of our study, which indicates that responses that were initially favourable to irradiation, especially those opinions formed in the absence of unfavourable information, should be interpreted with caution. The study supports previous research, therefore, suggesting that industry and governmental agencies would benefit from close inspection of societal attitudes towards the food irradiation process.
Home economics programmes in Oyo state secondary schools: a survey
Authors: OWOLABI ELIZABETH AINA , PETERAT LINDA , ARCUS MARGARET 
Published: July 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify the curricula emphases in home economics in Oyo state secondary schools and to describe selected aspects of teaching and the teacher. Sixty‐two home economics teachers in Oyo state responded to a mailed survey indicating the degree of emphasis given to 50 topics in five subject‐matter areas of home economics: (i) clothing and textiles, (ii) foods and nutrition, (iii) home management and family economics, (iv) housing, and (v) human development and the family. The most taught subject‐matter areas (in order) are foods and nutrition, home management and family economics and clothing and textiles while human development and the family and housing were the least taught subject‐matter areas. A similar response was given for teacher's reported level of competence and subject‐matter preference. Scores on the topics within each subject‐matter area, however, indicated that all the five subject‐matter areas were moderately emphasized in the curriculum. These three philosophical views of home economics exist concurrently in Oyo state secondary schools: (i) home economics as home‐making education, (ii) home economics as household management, and (iii) home economics as cooking and sewing. Suggestions for improving and strengthening the current home economics programmes are discussed.This research was conducted during 1987–1988 in the Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Bacterial survival on fabrics laundered in cold water
Authors: PERENICH THERESA A. , WILKINSON RHONDA P. 
Published: July 2007

The effect of detergent formulation and fabric type on bacterial survival after home laundering in cold water was investigated. Three fabrics, 65/35 polyester/cotton shirting, 100% cotton sheeting, and 100% cotton terry cloth, were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, laundered in cold 60 ± 5°F (16 ± 3°C) water and machine dried. Eight phosphorus‐based powders and non‐phosphorus detergents in both powder and liquid form were used. A control with no detergent was used. Percent reduction in bacteria after machine washing and after machine drying were determined.Of the eight detergents studied, only two effectively removed 100% of the bacteria from the cotton terry cloth after washing. These were sodium carbonate and aluminosilicate‐based powders, one of which contained sodium perborate, the other included enzymes. All of the detergents used removed > 97% of bacteria from the polyester/cotton shirting and cotton sheeting fabrics. No significant cross contamination occurred with any fabric. A greater percent reduction of bacteria was obtained with the terry cloth samples after washing and tumble drying than after washing alone.The implications of the study are important for consumers who are using colder water in the laundering process. This study found that bacteria were removed more easily from the two plain weave fabrics than the looped terry cloth fabric. The effectiveness of tumble drying after cold water laundering to reduce bacteria in the terry cloth towelling was an important finding.
Association between antipsychotic drugs, antidepressant drugs and venous thromboembolism: results from the EDITH case–control study
Authors: Lacut K. , Le Gal G. , Couturaud F. , Cornily G. , Leroyer C. , Mottier D. , Oger E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCohort studies suggest that exposure to antipsychotic agents may be associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Few data concerning antidepressant drugs are available. Using a different methodological approach, the aim of this study was to estimate the association between neuroleptic and antidepressant drug use and the risk of VTE. We report the results of a case–control study designed to evaluate interactions between acquired and inherited risk factors of VTE. We included 677 cases hospitalized with deep vein thrombosis and or pulmonary embolism with no major acquired risk factor for VTE, and 677 controls matched for gender and age. Drug exposure was defined as current use of drugs at admission. Neuroleptic exposure was associated with an increased risk of VTE (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.2). Among neuroleptics, antipsychotic agent use was associated with a 3.5‐fold increased risk of VTE (OR = 3.5, 95% CI 2.0–6.2). No association was found between antidepressant drug exposure and the risk of VTE (OR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.9–1.5). In this hospital‐based case–control study, exposure to antipsychotic drugs was associated with an increased risk of VTE. These results, added to previous results, suggest that clinicians should consider antipsychotic drug exposure as a potential risk factor of VTE. More studies are needed in order to further elucidate this adverse effect, and to determine the possible predisposing factors and the biological mechanisms involved.
Genetic Diversity in Restoration Materials and the Impacts of Seed Collection in Colorado’s Restoration Plant Production Industry
Authors: Smith Sierra L. , Sher Anna A. , Grant Thomas A. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract The ever increasing demand for native plants and seed for use in restoration and revegetation has created a sizable industry. The large‐scale production and planting of native plants have given rise to a suite of ecological concerns including collection impacts, genetic diversity, and provenance. This study examines the practices and beliefs of 12 restoration plant production companies in Colorado with regard to arising ecological issues and identifies where further research is needed. We found that native seed collection in Colorado was largely unregulated and unmonitored and impacts were unknown. Maintaining genetic diversity in restoration materials is costly and does not have universal support. The use of provenance material (or local ecotypes) was hotly contested with strong and sound arguments on both sides of the issue. Procurement of pure ecotypes was difficult because of the variety of institutions involved in production and complications such as artificial selection and cross‐pollination.
Science and Restoration Under a Big, Demon Haunted Tent: Reply to Giardina et al. (2007)
Authors: Cabin Robert J. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract In a recent editorial, I discussed how the culture of science, heterogeneity of nature, and real‐world human complexities can limit the practical relevance of formal scientific research and argued that less formal approaches might often be more efficient and effective. Giardina et al. criticized this editorial and argued that formal science has and increasingly will play a central role in ecological restoration in particular and human progress in general. Here, I respond to these arguments and expand upon the ideas presented in my previous editorial. I further illustrate how despite superficial appearances the utilitarian value of formal science may often be largely indirect. I also argue that the complexities of ecological and human systems combined with the subjective values and political beliefs underlying restoration make transforming this discipline into a unified “hard science” virtually impossible. Because values and politics also underlie most environmental conflicts, and scientific inquiry is inherently unsuitable for resolving these kinds of disputes, the future success of restoration may depend more on political support than scientific progress. Dogmatic, nonfalsifiable faith in the universal superiority of “rigorous” scientific knowledge and methodologies can foster arrogance and intolerance and blind us to the ephemeral nature of scientific “truths” and the double‐edged sword of scientific “progress.” My hope is that Society for Ecological Restoration International (SERI) will remain a big inclusive tent that embraces a healthy diversity of foci and approaches that emulate the extraordinary diversity we find within the natural ecosystems and human cultures we strive to preserve, restore, and reconnect.
Habitat Restoration—Do We Know What We’re Doing?
Authors: Miller James R. , Hobbs Richard J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe term “habitat restoration” appears frequently in conservation and landscape management documents but is often poorly articulated. There is a need to move to a clearer and more systematic approach to habitat restoration that considers appropriate goals linked to target species or suites of species, as well as the ecological, financial, and social constraints on what is possible. Recommendations for particular courses of action need to be prioritized so that restoration activities can achieve the best result possible within these constraints. There is unlikely to be a generic set of recommendations that is applicable everywhere because actions need to be matched to the particulars of site and situation. However, there is a generic set of questions that can be asked, which can help guide the process of deciding which restoration actions are most important and contribute most to the reestablishment of desirable habitat characteristics within a given project area.
Reproductive versus Vegetative Recruitment of the Invasive TreeSchinus terebenthifolius: Implications for Restoration on Reunion Island
Authors: Tassin Jacques , Rivière Jean‐Noël , Clergeau Philippe 
Published: July 2007

AbstractKnowledge of propagation mechanisms is important for understanding the invasion ecology and management of invasive plants in order to restore invaded lands. The identification of recruitment pathways is one of the keys to understanding dispersal mechanisms and determining invasive plant control strategies. The objective of this study was to characterize the recruitment processes ofSchinus terebenthifolius, one of the most serious plant invaders in Reunion Island’s lowlands. Surprisingly, little attention was given in literature to vegetative propagation by suckering as a dispersal mechanism. Yet, field observations on abandoned farmland and riverbanks combined with germination experiments have shown major differences in recruitment patterns between wet and dry areas. On abandoned dryland farms, seedling emergence is 35 times less than on riverbanks and is replaced by suckering. Birds facilitated seed germination, but their role in seed dispersal (ornithochory) appeared minor and restricted to the formation of satellite invasion foci. Water movement appears to be a more efficient vector than ornithochory because it aids seed transportation (hydrochory), seed germination, and suckering on riverbanks. Control and restoration programs must distinguish the two kinds of recruitment that impact on short‐ and long‐distance dispersal.