bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of turbulence methods in CFD analysis of compressible flows in radial turbomachines
Authors: Aghaei tog R. , Tousi A.M. , Tourani A. 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show the superior turbulence method in CFD analysis of radial turbo machines and to introduce the best way to choose turbulence parameters whenever FLUENT user applies this software as a complementary design tool for high‐speed turbo machinery components.Design/methodology/approachOne of the most important issues in CFD is analysis of flow field in turbo machines. Flow in high‐speed radial turbo machinery is a 3D, turbulent and unsteady behavior so needs suitable method for converging. It is clear that the turbulence model has an extraordinary effect on investigation of 3D flows in high‐speed turbo machinery. A centrifugal compressor of micro and radial turbines have been designed and simulated 3D using the commercial CFD‐code FLUENT 6. Three turbulence models k‐ε/standard, renormalization‐group (RNG) and RSM were considered and results of three models were compared with experimental and 1D design results.FindingsThe study showed numerical results are compatible with experimental performance data. It determined that RNG method in CFD analysis of radial turbo machines has provided better results than the standard k‐ε method. In addition, when using the RNG method, the phenomena of flow field were more visible than other methods.Originality/valueThis paper offers use of the RNG method as a superior turbulence method in CFD analysis of radial turbo machines.
The microbiological quality of stuffed mussels (Midye Dolma) sold in Istanbul
Authors: Baris Bingol Enver , Colak Hilal , Hampikyan Hamparsun , Muratoglu Karlo 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThis study was performed to determine the microbial quality of stuffed mussels and to discuss the microbiological quality criteria of ready‐to‐eat (RTE) foods defined in the Turkish Food Codex (TFC).Design/methodology/approachStuffed mussel (Midye Dolma), which can be classified as RTE foods, made from mussel and rice, cooked separately then put together in the shell, is commonly consumed in Turkey. This special food might be an important source of microorganisms especially pathogen bacteria because of preparation and serving process. During the period of March‐October 2006, a total of 168 stuffed mussel samples were collected randomly from restaurants, buffets and street sellers located in Istanbul and analysed some microbiological parameters.FindingsColiforms were detected in 130 (77.38 per cent), Escherichia coli in 37 (22.02 per cent), Staphylococcus aureus in 40 (23.80 per cent), Bacillus cereus in 65 (38.69 per cent), yeast and moulds in 147 (87.50 per cent) and sulphite‐reducing anaerob bacteria in 61 (36.30 per cent) stuffed mussel samples, respectively. Total aerobic bacteria count (TAB) was between 1.0 × 102 and 3.2 × 107 CFU/g. No Salmonella spp. was detected in analysed samples.Originality/valueThis is the first comprehensive study to provide information on the microbiological quality of stuffed mussels sold in Istanbul, Turkey. This information is important in the determination of measures that can be taken to control the safety of these cooked or prepared foods.
Farm assurance schemes: can they improve farming standards?
Authors: Anne Lewis Kathleen , Tzilivakis John , Green Andrew , Warner Douglas , Coles Adele 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider the global activities, highlighting the UK, concerned with farm assurance schemes and associated food labelling seeking to identify their contribution towards improving primary production standards.Design/methodology/approachA desk study focusing on published literature and historical documentation.FindingsThe majority of primary production standards are based upon codes of good practice with only tenuous links between the standards and the required environmental outcomes. Owing to the difficulties of comparing like with like here is little conclusive evidence that such standards are producing environmental benefits.Practical implicationsIf it depends on assurance schemes to improve farming practices then a European‐wide standard is required that is not compromised by variations in national laws and codes of practice.Originality/valueThis review is of academic value and of value to those working to improve primary production standards. It presents arguments for introducing environmental outcome based measures into the UK assurance schemes.
Consumer concerns about food and health
Authors: Worsley Anthony , Lea Emma 
Published: November 2008

PurposeAims to investigate the relationships between consumers' food concerns and their personal values and demographic characteristics.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was administered in a cross sectional random population survey conducted among a sample of 1,000 adults in South Australia. The questionnaire elicited information about respondents' concerns about 20 food and health issues, the perceived importance of 23 values items derived from the Schwartz values inventory, and their demographic characteristics.FindingsPrincipal components analyses derived four food concerns factors and six personal values factors. Respondents' safety concerns scores were positively associated with devout‐tradition, order‐discipline, and moderate‐independent values. Their disease concerns score was positively linked to beauty‐nature, devout‐tradition, and order‐discipline. Multiple regression and chi‐square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) analyses showed that individual values items were strong predictors of consumers; specific concerns such as food and heart disease, and, genetic modification of foods.Research limitations/implicationsThe research was based on a cross sectional study. More refined indices of food concerns and personal values should be used in replications of this preliminary study.Practical implicationsThe findings support the use of psychographic market segmentation approaches in communication programs about food and health issues.Originality/valueThe findings suggest that personal values, may be stronger predictors of consumers' concerns about food and health issues than demographics. They also show that measurement level of values and concerns influence the observed strength of their relationships.
A systematic review of the association between cardiovascular risk factors and regular consumption of oats
Authors: Ruxton C.H.S. , Derbyshire E. 
Published: November 2008

PurposeTo review the evidence from high quality human intervention studies that reported links between oat consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.Design/methodology/approachUsing Medline, a search was made for all randomized controlled trials published between 1990 and 2008 that met defined inclusion criteria. Studies had a minimum duration of 14 days, used oat products rather than purified extracts, and included plasma lipid levels as outcome variables.FindingsA total of 21 eligible studies were located 13 of which reported significant reductions in total cholesterol when oats were consumed, while 14 reported significant reductions in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. A few studies found increases in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and more favourable cholesterol ratios when oats were consumed.Research limitations/implicationsIt was not possible to analyse differences in response between health and “at risk” subjects. A meta‐analysis would be a useful step forward, as would research on the long‐term impact of oats on body weight.Practical implicationsIntakes of oats in successful intervention studies were impractical for most consumers. However, expert bodies base approved health claims on an achievable 3 g β‐glucan per day. Additional research on portion sizes for commercially‐available foods would increase consumer awareness of how to access the cholesterol‐lowering benefits of oats. Effective portion sizes may differ by gender, age and CVD risk.Originality/valueThis review provides further evidence that regular oat consumption is an effective dietary strategy for helping to attenuate CVD risk and sets this within the context of claims for food stuffs.
Functional foods: a conceptual definition
Authors: Doyon Maurice , Labrecque JoAnne 
Published: November 2008

PurposeTo draw the frontiers of the functional food universe, to identify concepts that should be included in a broadly accepted functional food definition and to propose a definition.Design/methodology/approachBased on a review of the literature and the Delphi technique with a group of North American and European experts.FindingsFour concepts were identified: the nature of food, health benefits, functions and regular consumption. Two dimensions, physiological effects and functional intensity, were developed to define the frontiers of the functional food universe and a definition is suggested.Practical implicationsA large number of definitions as well as great variations within definitions make it difficult to provide industry partners with robust information on market trends and market potential, or to appropriately protect consumers through legislation. This paper should contribute to the debate surrounding the type of food that should be considered a functional food and surrounding the lack of a common definition for functional foods.Originality/valueThis paper is the first one, to our knowledge, that attempts to conceptually define the frontiers of the functional food universe and to provide a definition of functional food which is not sensitive to cultural differences, can accommodate temporal variations and rely on previous knowledge (definition) as well as experts' opinions.
Marketing olive oil in Greece
Authors: Blery Evangelia , Sfetsiou Eugenia 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the issues related to the promotion and marketing of olive oil, by the Greek company Minerva S.A. Thus, the product, its target market and competition are examined, a SWOT analysis is performed and the marketing mix is presented.Design/methodology/approachSince the aim of this study was to examine the marketing practices of the company Minerva S.A., the case study method was preferred because its fundamental characteristic is the “focus on a particular setting or event”.FindingsThe findings showed that the company offers high quality products in good prices and is a market leader. However, it faces severe competition. The company advertises its olive oil products and conducts intense promotional campaigns to promote them in the local market and abroad. Exports are a good opportunity to increase sales.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the few that have examined the promotion and marketing of olive oil worldwide and it is one of the very few that have examined such issues in the Greek market, where little research has taken place in this sector. Thus, it can give an important insight in the olive oil sector and become a useful tool for managers in this sector.
Work and work roles: a context of tasks
Authors: Huvila Isto 
Published: November 2008

PurposeBoth task‐based and work‐oriented research approaches have proved their value in information science research. A task is a workable analytical unit of human activity, which brings the level of explication close enough to cater for individual actions and their consequences. Similarly, work and work roles have been effective concepts at explicating the broad patterns of professional information activity. Major issues of the existing approaches are the difficulty of conceptualising the contexts of tasks and the relatively high level of abstraction of a work level scrutiny. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the concepts of “work”, “work role” and “task” might be integrated into a common research agenda. It is suggested that the explication of work and work roles might serve in providing additional understanding on the formation of the purposes, meanings and values, which guide the shaping of the activities conceptualised as tasks.Design/methodology/approachThe issue is discussed in general with a reference to an empirical study of information work of archaeology professionals informed by the notion of work role.FindingsIt is suggested that the broader notions of work and work roles are useful concepts for explicating the context of more specific tasks.Research limitations/implicationsThe suggested approach brings together task and work–work role‐based research and provides a basis for exploring human information activity from a broader perspective than before and thus improving the general understanding of why and how information is used as it is used.Practical implicationsThe study provides an approach to conceptualise the ways how people work with information and lays the ground for improving information management and organisation practices.Originality/valueThere has been little prior discussion about integrating the task and work‐based approaches. The paper suggests that the explication of work and work roles might serve in providing additional understanding on the formation of the purposes, meanings and values, which guide the shaping of the activities conceptualised as tasks.
Comparison and evaluation of the user interfaces of e‐journals II: perceptions of the users
Authors: Vilar Polona , Žumer Maja 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe paper aims to present a part of a wider study, performed at the Department of LIS&BS at the University of Ljubljana (UL). The study investigated the perceptions of user friendliness of information retrieval (IR) systems.Design/methodology/approachAn expert study and a user study were performed. The user study was based on the results of the previous expert study, which surveyed the interfaces of four e‐journal IR systems (Science Direct, Proquest Direct, Ebsco Host and Emerald) and has been published separately. In the user study three of these interfaces were used: Science Direct, Proquest Direct, and Ebsco Host. A pilot study with ten subjects and a main study with 61 subjects, all postgraduate students of the UL, was performed. Questionnaires and observation were used for data collection. The users' perceptions of user interfaces were investigated and compared to the findings of the expert study.FindingsIt was found that users do not show high appreciation of auxiliary functions (such as search history, indexes, etc.) and do not use them to a great extent. They also do not prefer to have available different full‐text formats. Perceptions of user friendliness of elements and functions were different in each interface. For each interface it was also established that different functions and elements were influential in the overall perceptions of the interface friendliness. In comparison of the findings of the expert and user study it was found that the expert study was in some cases too detailed and investigated aspects not perceived by the users. For this reason, certain findings of both studies were not appropriate for comparison.Research limitations/implicationsThe methodology of data collection was rather demanding and lengthy, and influenced the type and size of sample. Because of that it may not be possible to generalise the result to all users of e‐journals. Also, large quantities of data were collected which could be studied further.Practical implicationsThe results of the study are relevant for the design of the user interfaces of IR systems. They also have implications for other areas, e.g. user education and training.Originality/valueThe study investigates the users' own perceptions of user friendliness of the e‐journal interfaces and also compares them to the findings of the expert study. This gives a valuable insight and provides many different viewpoints in regard to user friendliness, which in itself is a demanding concept.
Using classification schemes and thesauri to build an organizational taxonomy for organizing content and aiding navigation
Authors: Wang Zhonghong , Sattar Chaudhry Abdus , Khoo Christopher S.G. 
Published: November 2008

PurposePotential and benefits of classification schemes and thesauri in building organizational taxonomies cannot be fully utilized by organizations. Empirical data of building an organizational taxonomy by the top‐down approach of using classification schemes and thesauri appear to be lacking. The paper seeks to make a contribution in this regard.Design/methodology/approachA case study of building an organizational taxonomy was conducted in the information studies domain for the Division of Information Studies at Nanyang Technology University, Singapore. The taxonomy was built by using the Dewey Decimal Classification, the Information Science Taxonomy, two information systems taxonomies, and three thesauri (ASIS&T, LISA, and ERIC).FindingsClassification schemes and thesauri were found to be helpful in creating the structure and categories related to the subject facet of the taxonomy, but organizational community sources had to be consulted and several methods had to be employed. The organizational activities and stakeholders' needs had to be identified to determine the objectives, facets, and the subject coverage of the taxonomy. Main categories were determined by identifying the stakeholders' interests and consulting organizational community sources and domain taxonomies. Category terms were selected from terminologies of classification schemes, domain taxonomies, and thesauri against the stakeholders' interests. Hierarchical structures of the main categories were constructed in line with the stakeholders' perspectives and the navigational role taking advantage of structures/term relationships from classification schemes and thesauri. Categories were determined in line with the concepts and the hierarchical levels. Format of categories were uniformed according to a commonly used standard. The consistency principle was employed to make the taxonomy structure and categories neater. Validation of the draft taxonomy through consultations with the stakeholders further refined the taxonomy.Originality/valueNo similar study could be traced in the literature. The steps and methods used in the taxonomy development, and the information studies taxonomy itself, will be helpful for library and information schools and other similar organizations in their effort to develop taxonomies for organizing content and aiding navigation on organizational sites.
Do libraries matter? Public libraries and the creation of social capital
Authors: Vårheim Andreas , Steinmo Sven , Ide Eisaku 
Published: November 2008

PurposeLibrarians and the library profession keep repeating that libraries contribute greatly to generating social capital by “building community”. However, little evidence of this has been presented. This paper aims to be a first step towards correcting this situation by asking whether public libraries matter in the creation of generalized trust.Design/methodology/approachThis study used quantitative data in analyzing macro‐level data on whether public library expenditure could explain social trust patterns in the OECD countries. Additionally, a few qualitative interviews with public library leaders in the USA and Norway were used to indicate by what mechanisms, or by which processes, libraries generate generalized trust.FindingsThe main finding is that public libraries seem the most important factor in creating generalized trust in the OECD area, even more so than efficient/impartial public institutions. However, there is the problem of causal direction. It might be the case that it is high trusting countries that prioritize public libraries. Therefore, times series data are needed as well as qualitative data on the process of trust creation in the library. Interviews with library leaders point towards the fact that they see outreach activities as creating trust and that people trust the library. Replication of these results, however, is crucial. Moreover, the findings appear to indicate that when the library's attention is directed at disadvantaged groups of non‐users it is the widespread trust in the public library institution that breeds trust among these groups too.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the understanding/theory of the creation of generalized trust in general and to the role of the public library in this process.
A critical review of research on information behavior in assigned learning tasks
Authors: Tanni Mikko , Sormunen Eero 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to give a critical review of the empirical information seeking and retrieval (IS&R) literature focusing on learning related information behavior. It also aims to propose the task‐based approach to link research on learning and information behavior in learning tasks and to organize and interpret the literature.Design/methodology/approachThis paper takes the form of a critical literature review.FindingsResearchers have identified patterns of information behavior and variations in the conceptions of seeking and using information for learning tasks. The results are fragmented and a framework should be developed to guide further research. Learners' information behavior in learning tasks may be attributable to various explanatory factors, which have not been taken into account in any single study. The concept of focus formulation appears to link information seeking and learning. The role of the writing process in learners' information behavior and the characteristics of the resulting documents have received least attention in the research field.Research limitations/implicationsThe review emphasizes task‐based IS&R literature. Learning research may shed more light on specific questions.Practical implicationsThe paper may help teachers in designing learning tasks.Originality/valueThe paper provides a synthesis of recent studies on information behavior in learning tasks and identifies new paths for further research.
The retrieval effectiveness of web search engines: considering results descriptions
Authors: Lewandowski Dirk 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare five major web search engines (Google, Yahoo, MSN, Ask.com, and Seekport) for their retrieval effectiveness, taking into account not only the results, but also the results descriptions.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses real‐life queries. Results are made anonymous and are randomized. Results are judged by the persons posing the original queries.FindingsThe two major search engines, Google and Yahoo, perform best, and there are no significant differences between them. Google delivers significantly more relevant result descriptions than any other search engine. This could be one reason for users perceiving this engine as superior.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is based on a user model where the user takes into account a certain amount of results rather systematically. This may not be the case in real life.Practical implicationsThe paper implies that search engines should focus on relevant descriptions. Searchers are advised to use other search engines in addition to Google.Originality/valueThis is the first major study comparing results and descriptions systematically and proposes new retrieval measures to take into account results descriptions.