bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identity game: Czech and Slovak architecture magazines as travelogues
Authors: Topolcanska Maria 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMeanings inevitably shift with the point of view of the commentator. Maria Topolcanska investigates the shifting identities of Czech and Slovak architectures over time, from the postwar era through to the present. Creating an analogy between the historic travelogues of the past and the assumptions of the Western media, she emphasises the need for local architectures to be disseminated through locally organised platforms and press. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Slovenia: an architectural heritage moving forward
Authors: Hrausky Andrej 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSlovenia has a rich history of Modern architecture. Its capital, Ljubljana, is well known for the distinctive buildings of Joze Plecnik as well as those of the Secessionist and Functionalist eras. Since opening up to the West in the early 1990s, a younger generation of Slovene architects has been propelled to the fore, who have been able to benefit from the advantages of exposure to international teaching and ideas. Andrej Hrausky describes the historical and national context in which contemporary Slovene architects work and asks how their output might relate to it in the future. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estonia: the remarkable afterlife of the Linnahall concert hall
Authors: Kurg Andres 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBuilt in 1980, the Linnahall Concert Hall in Tallinn, Estonia, is a fairly recent but nonetheless controversial Soviet monument. Having been highly praised on its completion for its bold architectural solution, within a decade its close associations with the previous regime meant that it had fallen into disrepute. Developers, who realised the economic potential of the site, were quick to seize on its controversial history and called for its destruction. Andres Kurg looks at the changing role of the Linnahall in Tallinn over time and asks what the future might now hold for it. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poland: transforming factories into cultural and educational facilities
Authors: Trammer Hubert 
Published: June 2006

AbstractArchitecture has an important role to play in the refurbishment and renovation of existing building stock, often leading to the wholesale regeneration of run‐down and derelict areas. Hubert Trammer looks at how the redevelopment of five disused industrial sites in Poland has been driven by the need for new educational and cultural facilities and the widespread availability of abandoned manufacturing bases. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated Approach for the Development of Advanced, Coated Gas Turbine Blades
Authors: Herzog R. , Warnken N. , Steinbach I. , Hallstedt B. , Walter C. , Müller J. , Hajas D. , Münstermann E. , Schneider J. M. , Nickel R. , Parkot D. , Bobzin K. , Lugscheider E. , Bednarz P. , Trunova O. , Singheiser L. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis paper describes a through‐process modelling on a microstructural level of the production of a coated turbine blade, including its in‐service properties and degradation, accompanied by the actual production and testing of a CMSX‐4 single crystal turbine blade dummy. The following steps are dealt with by modelling and experiment: solidification of the blade alloy during casting, microstructural changes during homogenization and aging heat treatments, chemical vapour deposition of an Al2O3diffusion barrier coating, physical vapour deposition (sputtering) of a (Ni,Co)CrAlY bond coat, atmospheric plasma spraying of an Y2O3stabilized ZrO2thermal barrier coating and microstructural changes and development of critical stresses at in‐service conditions. This work forms a part of the Collaborative Research Centre 370 (SFB 370) “Integrative materials modelling”.
3‐D Image‐Based Mechanical Simulation of Aluminium Foams: Effects of Internal Microstructure
Authors: Toda H. , Takata M. , Ohgaki T. , Kobayashi M. , Kobayashi T. , Uesugi K. , Makii K. , Aruga Y. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSR (Synchrotron radiation) X‐ray microtomography has been utilized for the 3D characterization of microstructures in an aluminium foam. Volume tomographic data sets are converted into stereolithography tessellation language (STL) models to create 3‐D finite‐element simulation models. Both quasi‐static and dynamic deformation and damage behaviours are investigated numerically, especially focussing on the effects of relatively small micro‐pores inside cell wall materials. It has been fairly obvious that the existence of micro‐pores and their spatial distribution pattern in cell materials would be a key issue to control the deformation and fracture behaviours. It has been also clarified that the stress wave propagation during the dynamic loading is prone to relatively uniform local stress elevation compared to the case of the static compression, thereby more extensive damage is predicted in the case of the dynamic loading due to the increase in volume sampled by an external loading. These results are in qualitative agreement with experimental observations. Overall, the approach taken in this study has provided highly effective ways to characterize microstructure/properties relationships in such highly heterogeneous materials.
Dioxouranium(VI) – Carboxylate Complexes. Interaction with Dicarboxylic Acids in Alqueous Solution: Speciation and Structure
Authors: Berto Silvia , Crea Francesco , Daniele Pier G. , de Stefano Concetta , Prenesti Enrico , Sammartano Silvio 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn this paper we report the results of an investigation performed by potentiometric (H+‐glass electrode) and visible spectrophotometric measurements on the interaction of UO22+ ion towards some carboxylic ligands (acetate, malonate, succinate, azelate). The measurements were carried out at T = 25 °C in different ionic media (KNO3 and NaCl) at different ionic strengths (0.1 ≤ I/mol L‐1 ≤ 1.0, NaCl; I/mol L‐1 = 0.1, KNO3). The dependence on ionic strength of formation constants was taken into account by using both a simple Debye‐Hückel type equation and the SIT (Specific ion Interaction Theory) approach. Different speciation models (depending on concentration of reagents, ionic strength, pH‐range) both for different carboxylates and different ionic media have been obtained. Linear combinations between formation constants, stoichiometric coefficients and length of alkyl chain of dicarboxylates have been observed and predicted formation constants at I = 0 mol L‐1 are reported for the interaction of UO22+ with HOOC‐(CH2)n‐COOH with 1 ≤ n ≤ 7. Finally, a visible absorption spectrum for each complex reaching a significant percentage of formation in solution (KNO3 medium) has been calculated to characterise the compounds found by pH‐metric refinement.
A Highly Selective Spectrophotometric Determination of Niobium (V) Using 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐[1'‐Phenyl‐3'‐(p‐Chlorophenyl)‐4′‐Pyrazolyl]‐4‐Oxo‐4H‐1‐Benzopyran as a Complexing Agent
Authors: Agnihotri Nivedita , KAMAL Raj , MEHTA Jaswant R. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract3‐Hydroxy‐2‐[1'‐phenyl‐3'‐(p‐chlorophenyl)‐4'‐pyrazolyl]‐4‐oxo‐4H‐1‐benzopyran(HPCPB) is used as an analytical reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of niobium in trace amounts with which it forms a yellow coloured complex (4:1) in perchloric acid medium. The complex is extractable into chloroform and shows absorption maximum at 407‐418 nm with a molar absorptivity of 2.79 × 104 L mol‐1 cm‐1 and Sandell's sensitivity equal to 0.0033 μg Nb(V) cm‐2 , respectively. Beer's law holds good in the range 0‐1.2 μg Nb ml‐1, with a standard deviation of ± 0.0015 absorbance units. The method is free from the interference of a large number of elements and handles satisfactorily the analysis of various samples of varying complexity.
Senio River Ecosystem: Characterization and Distribution of Inorganic Species in Water and Sediments
Authors: Melucci Dora , Torsi Giancarlo , Locatelli Clinio 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAnalytical results are reported for the determination of inorganic species in water and sediments sampled in the Senio river ecosystem. The species determined are Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Co, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn, Hg, F‐, Cl‐, Br‐, NO3‐, SO4‐‐, Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, NH4+ in integrated water, and Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Co, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn, Hg in sediments. For all the elements, in addition to detection limits, precision and accuracy are given: the former, expressed as relative standard deviation (sr), and the latter, expressed as relative error (e), were good, being in all cases lower than 6 %.Limitedly to Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn a critical comparison with voltammetric measurements is also discussed.
Nickel(0)/Imidazolium Carbene Catalyst System for Efficient Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Bromides and Chlorides with Organomanganese Reagents
Authors: Leleu Anne , Fort Yves , Schneider Raphaël 
Published: June 2006

AbstractN,N′‐Bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium chloride associated with nickel(II) acetylacetonate (3–5 mol %) was used as catalyst to efficiently cross‐couple functionalized aryl bromides with organomanganese reagents. The reactions were performed between 0 °C and room temperature, giving unsymmetrical biaryls in 0.25 to 24 h with 52 to 100 % yields for isolated materials. Aryl chlorides showed slightly diminished reactivity in Ni/2 IPr‐catalyzed cross‐couplings and good yields could only be attained with activated or neutral substrates.
Asymmetric Epoxidation of Olefins by Manganese(III) Complexes Stabilised on Nanocrystalline Magnesium Oxide
Authors: Choudary B. M. , Pal Ujjwal , Kantam M. Lakshmi , Ranganath K. V. S. , Sreedhar B. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalised olefins to epoxides is realised by using manganese(III) complexes stabilised on nanocrystalline magnesium oxide in the presence (1R,2R)‐(−)‐diaminocyclohexane as a chiral ligand in good yields and up to 91 % enantiomeric excess.
Enhancement of Reaction Rates by Segmented Fluid Flow in Capillary Scale Reactors
Authors: Ahmed Batoul , Barrow David , Wirth Thomas 
Published: June 2006

AbstractFor a simple biphasic hydrolysis, we show that the application of various reaction conditions in microreactors using segmented flow can dramatically increase the reaction rate. A tandem diazotation/Heck reaction served as an example that even homogeneous reactions can be accelerated by segmentation in microreactors.
A New Metal‐Free Access to Vitamin K3
Authors: Bohle Anne , Schubert Anett , Sun Yu , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract2‐Methylnaphthalene is oxidized in about 80 % yield with 7–9/1 regioselectivity to 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone by hydrogen peroxide with a strong mineral acid as the catalyst. No (transition) metal catalyst is required for this transformation.
Redox‐Switchable Phase Tags – Facile Mitsunobu Reactions using Ferrocenyl‐Tagged Triphenylphosphine
Authors: Fleckenstein Christoph A. , Plenio Herbert 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe use of redox‐switched phase tags in ferrocenyl‐substituted triphenylphosphine combined with DBAD (di‐tert‐butyl azodicarboxylate) allows high yield (>90 %) Mitsunobu transformations without the need for the chromatographic purification of the products. The redox‐switchable phosphine can be easily synthesized in two steps from 4‐bromoaniline, ferrocene and chlorodiphenylphosphine. It is separated from the reaction mixture by oxidation with iron(III) chloride and can be recycled efficiently by reductive treatment.
Development of a Method for Preparing a Highly Reactive and Stable, Recyclable and Environmentally Benign Organopalladium Catalyst Supported on Sulfur‐Terminated Gallium Arsenide(001): A Three‐Component Catalyst, {Pd}‐S‐GaAs(001), and its Properties
Authors: Arisawa Mitsuhiro , Hamada Masahiro , Takamiya Ikuko , Shimoda Masahiko , Tsukamoto Shiro , Arakawa Yasuhiko , Nishida Atsushi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe have developed a method for preparing a recyclable and environmentally benign organopalladium catalyst for the Heck reaction supported on sulfur‐terminated gallium arsenide(001). This three‐component catalyst, {Pd}‐S‐GaAs(001), exhibited high stability and activity, furthermore, it tolerated reuse in 10 runs of the Heck reaction (average yield, 97 %) under aerobic conditions. The sulfur layer was very important to stabilize this catalyst. Only trace amounts of Pd were leached from this catalyst to the reaction mixture, as measured by ICP‐mass. The valence of immobilized Pd was zero by XPS spectrometry.
Efficient and Selective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrophosphorylation of Dienes
Authors: Ajellal Noureddine , Thomas Christophe M. , Carpentier Jean‐François 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe hydrophosphorylation of a model 1,6‐diene having a terminal and an internal alkene function has been investigated. Free radical protocols lead invariably to mixtures of cyclic phosphonate products, due to rapid cyclization of the intermediary radical species. Rhodium catalysis using a cyclic pinacol‐derived phosphonate provides an efficient technique for the highly selective (>99 %) hydrophosphorylation at the terminal alkene function. In situ modification of Wilkinson’s complex by addition of 2–50 equivalents (vs. Rh) of a monophosphine (PCy3>PPh3) or carbene ligand greatly improves the catalyst performances (TON up to 2250 mol phosphonate/mol Rh). An even more efficient system was obtained with 2 equivalents (vs. Rh) of the bidentate 1,6‐bis(diphenylphosphino)hexane ligand, which affords so far unprecedented high catalytic productivity (TON up to 4 550 mol phosphonate/mol Rh) and activity (TOF up to 250 h−1).
Synergistic Effect of a Palladium‐on‐Carbon/Platinum‐on‐Carbon Mixed Catalyst in Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Reactions of Alkyl‐Substituted Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Ito Nobuhiro , Watahiki Tsutomu , Maesawa Tsuneaki , Maegawa Tomohiro , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe have found a synergistic effect in the H‐D exchange reaction of alkyl‐substituted aromatic compounds using the Pd/C‐Pt/C‐D2O‐H2 system. This system would lead to fully H‐D exchange results even on the sterically hindered sites which were only low‐deuterium incorporated by Pd/C or Pt/C independently. Since the reaction was general for a variety of aromatic compounds, it could be applied to the deuteration of dianiline derivatives as raw materials for polyimides.
Zinc‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Imines
Authors: Park Bu‐Mahn , Mun Soungyun , Yun Jaesook 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe highly enantioselective reduction of imines is achieved by employing chiral Zn/diamine catalysts. This new catalytic protocol offers attractive features such as use of a non‐precious metal and an inexpensive silane, easy modification of chiral diamine ligands and provides ready access to chiral amines in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.
Polymeric proton conducting systems based on commercial elastomers. III. Microstructural and electrical characterization of films based on HSBS/EPDM/PP/PS/silica
Authors: Escribano P. G. , Nacher A. , Del Río C. , González L. , Acosta J. L. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis study goes on with the microstructural and electrical characterization of the films, object of our study, containing hydrogenated poly(butadiene‐styrene) block copolymer (HSBS). Ethylene–propylene terpolymer (EPDM), and a third component, polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), or silica, crosslinked with peroxides and heterogeneously sulfonated. This process pursues the obtaining of materials with high proton conductivity and great dimensional stability, suited for application in a variety of electronic devices. The structural characterization consists of the study of the dynamic mechanical properties of all the samples, before and after the sulfonation, and also the checking of their structure by infrared spectroscopy. The analysis of the electrical properties of the films hydrated is achieved by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 13–21, 2006
Moisture sorption and thermal characteristics of polyaramide blend fabrics
Authors: Genç Gözde , Alp Burcu , Balköse Devrim , Ülkü Semra , Cireli Aysun 
Published: June 2006

AbstractFour types of fabrics woven from various polyaramid fibers of Nomex and Kevlar blends were characterized by morphology, XRD, elemental analysis, thermal analysis, and moisture adsorption isotherms. The blends consisted of Polybenzimidazole/Kevlar blend (40% PBI and 60% Kevlar®), Nomex Delta A (blend of 60% Kevlar and 40% Nomex®), Nomex Delta T (blend of 75% Nomex, 23% Kevlar, and 2% P140 antistatic fiber), and Nomex III (fabric with a 95/5 blend of Nomex and Kevlar) containing 1% steel fiber. TGA and DTG curves have been compared to evaluate thermal behavior of the PBI, Kevlar, and Nomex blends and the resuls were correlated with the moisture sorption data. The data were also compared with fiber morphologies provided by SEM and crystallinities derived from XRD diffractograms. Moisture adsorption isotherms were correlated with a number of empirical models, including Nernst, Freundlich, Handersen, Iglesias‐Chirife, and with the models having a theoretical background such as Langmuir, BET, GAB, and Hüttig. The linear regression models were statistically analyzed to obtain the best fitting model that explains the sorption profiles of the samples and theoretical monolayer moisture capacities of Nomex and Kevlar blends were calculated by using Hüttig isotherms. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 29–38, 2006
Ordering in a glycine‐rich peptide conjugate: Microscopic, fluorescence, and metalation studies
Authors: Prasad K. Krishna , Verma Sandeep 
Published: June 2006

AbstractGlycine residues play an intriguing role in peptide/protein structure where they can act as tightly packing amino acids with flexible bond angles. For example, structural role of glycines is highlighted in natural silk fibers where different structural polymorphs have been reported. This study deals with a glycine‐rich segment from the conserved octarepeat (PHGGGWGQ) in prion protein. We have synthesized a bis‐conjugate 3, containing a truncated pentapeptide segment (GGGWG), to study its time‐dependent solution phase aggregation by a combination of microscopic methods and fluorescence. This discontinuous peptide conjugate 3 exhibited interesting photophysical properties upon self‐assembly allowing us to propose a possible model of peptide filament formation. Taking note of the fact that prion octarepeats bind copper, we also demonstrate the ability of this conjugate to bind copper and the growth and ultrastructure of metallized fibers formed upon incubation. Enforcing peptide fiber formation in metal binding motifs offers an entry into metal impregnated fibers for possible nanobiotechnological applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83:289–296, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Influence of point mutations on the flexibility of cytochrome b5: Molecular dynamics simulations of holoproteins
Authors: Cheng Qinyi , Benson David R. , Rivera Mario , Kuczera Krzysztof 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTwo membrane‐bound isoforms of cytochrome b5 have been identified in mammals, one associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane (OM b5) and the other with the endoplasmic reticulum (microsomal, or Mc b5). The soluble heme binding domains of OM and Mc b5 have highly similar three‐dimensional structures but differ significantly in physical properties, with OM b5 exhibiting higher stability due to stronger heme association. In this study, we present results of 8.5‐ns length molecular dynamics simulations for rat Mc b5, bovine Mc b5, and rat OM b5, as well as for two rat OM b5 mutants that were anticipated to exhibit properties intermediate between those of rat OM b5 and the two Mc proteins: the A18S/I32L/L47R triple mutant (OM3M) and the A18S/I25L/I32L/L47R/L71S quintuple mutant (OM5M). Analysis of the structure, fluctuations, and interactions showed that the five b5 variants used in this study differed in organization of their molecular surfaces and heme binding cores in a way that could be used to explain certain experimentally observed physical differences. Overall, our simulations provided qualitative microscopic explanations of many of the differences in physical properties between OM and Mc b5 and two mutants in terms of localized changes in structure and flexibility. They also reveal that opening of a surface cleft between hydrophobic cores 1 and 2 in bovine Mc b5, observed in two previously reported simulations (E. M. Storch and V. Daggett, Biochemistry, 1995, Vol. 34, pp. 9682–9693; A. Altuve, Biochemistry, 2001, Vol. 40, pp. 9469–9483), probably resulted from removal of crystal contacts and likely does not occur on the nanosecond time scale. Finally, the MD simulations of OM5M b5 verify that stability and dynamic properties of cytochrome b5 are remarkably resistant to mutations that dramatically alter the stability and structure of the apoprotein. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83:297–312, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Crystallization of IgG1 by mapping its liquid–liquid phase separation curves
Authors: Jion Adam Idu , Goh Lin‐Tang , Oh Steve K.W. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMonoclonal antibody therapeutics is an important and fast expanding market. While production of these molecules has been a major area of research, much less is known regarding the stabilization of these proteins for delivery as drugs. Crystallization of antibodies is one such promising route for protein stabilization at high titers, and here we took a systematic approach to initiate crystallization through nucleation in a simple PEG (polyethylene glycol), protein in water solution. A ternary mixture of globular proteins, PEG, and water will undergo a liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) as shown in a phase diagram or a Binodal curve. Of particular interest within the phase diagram is the position of the critical point, which is where nucleation occurs most rapidly. Detailed LLPS maps were created by increasing concentrations of PEG (from 5% to 11%) and IgG (from 1 to 20 mg/mL). By increasing the molecular weight (MW) of PEG (and hence its radius of gyration) from 1,000 to 6,000 g/mol, the temperatures of the critical point of nucleation were shown to increase. Once these curves were determined, nucleation experiments were conducted close to a chosen critical point (10.5 mg/mL IgG in 11% PEG 1000) and after 3 weeks, crystals of IgG of approximately 100 μm in size were successfully formed. This is the first example of crystallization of an antibody through systematic mapping of LLPS curves, which is a fundamental step towards the scale‐up of antibody crystallization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.