bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Cobalt Molybdenum Nitrides From Precursors Precipitated at Different pH
Authors: Adamski Paweł , Albrecht Aleksander , Moszyński Dariusz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCobalt molybdenum nitrides can be obtained from the oxidic precursor by reaction with gaseous ammonia. Despite the large number of works regarding the catalytical properties of these compounds, there are relatively few reports about the initial transformation from oxide to nitride. In this work, the influence of the precursor structure on the active phase formation and catalytic properties of cobalt molybdenum nitrides is examined. Oxidic precursors were obtained by precipitation at different pH values controlled by the addition of aqueous ammonia. The parameters of the precipitation process affected the composition and properties of the materials. The ammonolysis of NH4Co2OH(MoO4)2 ⋅ H2O was investigated in situ with the use of X‐ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetry. The ammonia synthesis activity of the obtained catalysts was compared to the reference iron catalyst. The formation of the Co3Mo intermetallic phase was suggested as the factor governing high activity.
An IoT‐based multiple teaching quality evaluation method for English translation with improved deep learning
Authors: Lai Ningyi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo enhance the teaching quality (TQ) of English translation (ET) courses, multivariate evaluation methods have garnered significant attention for their ability to identify deficiencies in the teaching process and subsequently improve instructional standards. Traditional evaluation techniques have shown limited effectiveness. Therefore, this paper proposes an ET in multiple teaching quality (MTQ) evaluation method with improved deep learning in internet of things (IoT). First, the paper establishes evaluation indicators for ET in MTQ, which mainly encompass ET teaching effectiveness, pedagogic competency in ET, teaching methods, content, as well as attitudes towards ET teaching. It then utilizes IoT technology to preliminarily collect data on these indicators, and using clustering algorithm based on weighted attributes and density (CABWAD) algorithm to mine data on English teaching MTQ evaluation indicators for ET. The extracted evaluation indicator data is then denoised using a probabilistic undirected graph model. Ultimately, the multilayer perceptron in deep learning is improved through Wolfe line search optimization, and this enhanced multilayer perceptron is employed to construct an ET in MTQ evaluation model. The denoised indicator data is inputted into the model, which then outputs precise MTQ evaluation results. The results show that the absolute value of the average Pearson correlation coefficient of this method is the highest, the Spearman correlation coefficient is the lowest, the mean average precision value is 0.965, and the positive category imbalance degree and the negative category imbalance degree are the lowest, indicating that the proposed method has outstanding performance in all aspects, and has certain application value in the field of TQ evaluation.
Striving to support the supporters: A mixed methods evaluation of the strive support groups for caregivers of individuals with an eating disorder
Authors: Lefkovits Aviva Margaret , Pepin Genevieve , Phillipou Andrea , Giles Sarah , Rowan Jane , Krug Isabel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis mixed‐methods study evaluated a peer‐led support group for ED caregivers; the Eating Disorders Families Australia strive support groups. Quantitatively, 110 past or current strive attendees completed an online survey assessing their own and their care recipients' demographic profiles, strive's impact on caregiving experiences, and caregivers' psychological distress, burden, caregiving skills and self‐efficacy. Qualitative assessment comprised open‐ended survey questions about caregivers' strive experiences, reinforced by in‐depth focus group assessment of nine participants. Quantitative analyses revealed that participants felt more confident and supported, and less isolated in their caregiving since attending strive. Caregivers displayed mid‐range psychological distress and caregiver burden, and moderate caregiver skills and self‐efficacy. Qualitatively, the most helpful aspects of strive were the shared experience among participants, education, and support. The most difficult elements were emotional distress and overly dominant members. Reflections discussed the necessity of caregiver support and factors impacting strive attendance. Participants recommended resuming face‐to‐face contact and differentiating groups based on participant characteristics (e.g. care recipients' age/stage of illness). The current findings provide support for the importance and overall positive contribution of support groups led by caregivers, such as strive.
Preparation and evaluation of functional cocoa‐free spread alternatives from different sources
Authors: Smuda Sayed Saad , Mohammed Amera T. , Tsakali Efstathia , Van Impe Jan F. M. , Marie Asmaa M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpread products have an important market share as they have high nutritional value and they are increasingly consumed, especially by children as a source of energy. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential use of powdered chickpea, black rice, carob, doum, date seeds, and beetroot to produce novel functional spreadable products as cocoa‐free alternatives. Additionally, to avoid the side effects of cocoa‐based products and to assess the cocoa replacement effects on the sensory properties, chemical composition, texture analysis, viscosity, antioxidant, peroxide stability, and microbial quality during storage periods were compared to the ones of cocoa spread. Sensory evaluation revealed that most formulated spreads were accepted as chocolate spread alternatives since there was no significant difference in overall acceptability among cocoa, chickpea, black rice, carob, and doum, while date seeds and beetroot spreads were significantly less acceptable. A variation was observed in the proximate chemical analysis of the produced functional spreads, as the alternative spreads had different characteristics to each other in their physicochemical, texture, and rheological properties. Results indicated a wide variation in the total phenolic content (TPC) of the different spread extracts. The highest amount of TPC was obtained for beetroot spread (455.84 mg GAE/100 g) followed by black rice spread (436.08 mg GAE/100 g). The obtained results indicated that the antioxidant activity of different spreads was significantly different (p < .05) while based on their microbiological analysis, they could have a shelf life of up to 9 months. According to the results, chickpea, carob, doum, black rice, date seeds, and beetroot powders could be used for the production of cocoa‐free alternatives as they were highly acceptable and they showed antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
Effect of pomegranate peel powder‐infused multigrain chapatti on diabetes prevention: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Ahmed Aftab , Afzaal Muhammad , Saeed Farhan , Faisal Zargham , Asghar Aasma , Akram Noor , Manoharadas Salim , Nawaz Asad , Asres Degnet Teferi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic and chronic disease linked to lifestyle factors like dietary patterns and physical inactivity. This randomized clinical study aimed to develop a novel dietary intervention using pomegranate peel powder‐based multigrain chapatti to prevent diabetes. The product was formulated by incorporating pomegranate peel powder into a mixture of wheat flour, pearl flour, millet flour, and chickpea flour. The study included the formulation of various treatments (Tc, T1, T2, and T3) following product development, and these treatments were subjected to comprehensive assessments. The nutritional composition and antioxidant potential of the pomegranate peel powder‐based multigrain chapatti were analyzed. Sensory attributes, including taste, texture, and overall acceptability, were evaluated. Additionally, biochemical analyses, including blood glucose levels and HbA1C, were conducted to assess the impact of the interventions on blood glucose metabolism. The results revealed that the nutritional profile and phytochemical potential of the product improved significantly in treatment T3, which contained 15% pomegranate juice. Overall acceptability was found to be high for T3, indicating that the inclusion of pomegranate peel powder was well received in terms of taste and sensory qualities. Importantly, the clinical trial demonstrated positive outcomes in the intervention group receiving the pomegranate peel powder‐based multigrain chapatti. Blood glucose analysis and HbA1C assessments indicated that the consumption of this innovative dietary product contributed to improved blood glucose metabolism, suggesting its potential as a preventive strategy for diabetes.
Evaluation of the effect of TBM disc cutter wear on rock cutting efficiency
Authors: Sabri Mansour , Goshtasbi Kamran , Reza Nejati Hamid , Taheri Ehsan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe geometry of the disc cutter is one of the most important factors in the rock cutting process of mechanized tunnel boring machines (TBMs). However, during excavation, the optimal conditions of the disc cutter are not constant due to disc cutter wear. One of the most significant consequences of cutter wear is the increase in the contact area of the disc cutter with the rock so when the wear of the cutter exceeds its maximum limits, it should be replaced. Therefore, this study will examine the effect of disc cutter wear on TBM operational parameters such as thrust force, net penetration rate, and specific energy. In order to achieve this, six types of worn 17“ disc cutters have been studied graphically, and a method for calculating the surface of contact between the disc cutter and rock as a function of the cutter tip width has been developed. Moreover, a new equation has been proposed to predict normal and rolling cutting forces whose results are in good agreement with the reported laboratory values. As a final step, the hard rock TBM parameters of the Kani Sib water conveyance tunnel have been studied after replacement of worn disc cutters. The results show that replacing the worn disc cutters leads to an increase in penetration rate and a decrease in thrust force, resulting in an increase in specific penetration. On average, specific penetration increases by ≈35 %.
Automatic tunnel point cloud creation using photogrammetry and deviation analysis of excavation and shotcrete surfaces
Authors: Urbančič Tilen , Česnik Jure 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring new Austrian tunnelling method excavation, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the compliance of the actual surfaces with the theoretical lines prescribed in the support types for each tunnel excavation step. With our own software solutions, we created point clouds of the excavation and shotcrete of the primary tunnel support through the automated process of photogrammetric data. Together with the tunnel axis and theoretical profiles, the georeferenced and filtered point clouds were then used in the analysis of the deviation from the theoretical lines of excavation and primary support shotcrete and shotcrete thickness. The final products of the independent analysis are deviation profiles and unwrapped extrados views with numerical results and a color legend.
Transcription factor Olig2 is a major downstream effector of histone demethylase Phf8 during oligodendroglial development
Authors: Kremp Marco , Aberle Tim , Sock Elisabeth , Bohl Bettina , Hillgärtner Simone , Winkler Jürgen , Wegner Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe plant homeodomain finger protein Phf8 is a histone demethylase implicated by mutation in mice and humans in neural crest defects and neurodevelopmental disturbances. Considering its widespread expression in cell types of the central nervous system, we set out to determine the role of Phf8 in oligodendroglial cells to clarify whether oligodendroglial defects are a possible contributing factor to Phf8‐dependent neurodevelopmental disorders. Using loss‐ and gain‐of‐function approaches in oligodendroglial cell lines and primary cell cultures, we show that Phf8 promotes the proliferation of rodent oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and impairs their differentiation to oligodendrocytes. Intriguingly, Phf8 has a strong positive impact on Olig2 expression by acting on several regulatory regions of the gene and changing their histone modification profile. Taking the influence of Olig2 levels on oligodendroglial proliferation and differentiation into account, Olig2 likely acts as an important downstream effector of Phf8 in these cells. In line with such an effector function, ectopic Olig2 expression in Phf8‐deficient cells rescues the proliferation defect. Additionally, generation of human oligodendrocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells did not require PHF8 in a system that relies on forced expression of Olig2 during oligodendroglial induction. We conclude that Phf8 may impact nervous system development at least in part through its action in oligodendroglial cells.
Age‐related differences in the impact of resilience on mental health outcomes during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Hong Kong
Authors: Lei Lauren Ka Shun , Suen Yi Nam , Hui Christy Lai Ming , Chan Sherry Kit Wa , Lee Edwin Ho Ming , Michael Wong Tak Hing , Chen Eric Yu Hai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated changes in mental health in Hong Kong over two years and examined the role of resilience and age in mitigating the negative effects of public health emergencies, particularly the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsComplete data of interest from two telephone surveys conducted in 2020 (n = 1182) and 2021 (n = 1108) were analysed. Participants self‐reported depressive and anxiety symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire 4‐item version (PHQ), psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) using three items from the Prodromal Questionnaire Brief (PQB), and resilience using the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale 2‐item version (CD‐RISC‐2).ResultsWe observed an increase in the percentage of participants with high depressive and anxiety symptoms and PLEs from 1.6% to 6.5% between 2020 and 2021. The likelihood of having high depressive and anxiety symptoms or PLEs depended on resilience and age, with no significant between‐year differences. Resilience and age interaction effects were significant when comparing the high PHQ‐high PQB group to the low PHQ‐low PQB group only in 2021 but not in 2020.ConclusionsThis study provides valuable insights into the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mental health in Hong Kong, emphasising the age‐dependent nature of resilience in mitigating negative effects. Future research should explore the mechanisms by which resilience promotes mental health and well‐being and identify ways to enhance resilience among older individuals during public health crises.
Fenestration of the facial nerve by the stylomastoid artery
Authors: Zhou Allen S. , DeVore Elliana K. , Juliano Amy F. , Richmon Jeremy D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnatomic landmarks such as the tympanomastoid suture line, posterior belly of the digastric muscle, tragal pointer, and styloid process can assist the parotid surgeon in identifying and preserving the facial nerve. Vascular structures such as the posterior auricular artery and its branch, the stylomastoid artery, lay in close proximity to the facial nerve and have been proposed as landmarks for the identification of the facial nerve. In this case report, we describe an anatomic variation in which the stylomastoid artery has fenestrated the main trunk of the facial nerve, dividing it in two.MethodsTwo patients underwent parotidectomy (one for a pleomorphic adenoma, the second for a parotid cyst) through a standard anterograde approach with identification of the usual facial nerve landmarks.ResultsThe appearance of the main trunk of the facial nerve was unusual in both patients due to its being fenestrated by the stylomastoid artery. The stylomastoid artery was divided, and the remainder of the facial nerve dissection was performed uneventfully with subsequent resection of the parotid mass in both patients.ConclusionsIn rare instances, the stylomastoid artery can penetrate through the common trunk of the facial nerve. This is an important anatomic variant for the parotid surgeon to be aware of, as it can increase the difficulty of facial nerve dissection.
Comprehensive characterization of somatic mutations associated with chimeric RNAs in human cancers
Authors: Wang Yuting , Shu Meng , Wang Tianqiang , He Tongxin , Yuan Jiapei , Yang Yang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChimeric RNAs, which can arise from gene recombination at the DNA level or non‐canonical splicing events at the RNA level, have been identified as important roles in human tumors. Dysregulated gene expression caused by somatic mutations and altered splicing patterns of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes can contribute to the development of tumors. Therefore, investigating the formation mechanism of chimeric RNAs via somatic mutations is critical for understanding tumor pathogenesis. This project is the first to propose studying the association between somatic single nucleotide variants and chimeric RNAs, identifying around 2900 somatic SNVs affecting chimeric RNAs in pan‐cancer level. The somatic SNVs on chimeric RNAs were commonly observed in various types of tumor tissues, providing a valuable resource for future study. Additionally, these SNVs show distinct tumor specificity, and those with high frequency had a significant impact on the survival time of patients with tumors. Further research revealed that somatic SNVs associated with chimeric RNA (chiR‐SNVs) were typically found within 10 nt of the junction site of chimeric RNAs and had a particularly significant effect on chimeric RNAs from different chromosomes. The enrichment analysis revealed that chiR‐SNVs were significantly overrepresented in oncogenes and genes related to RNA binding proteins involved in RNA splicing, which could imply that chiR‐SNVs may disrupt the process of RNA splicing and induce the occurrence of chimeric RNAs. This study sheds light on the potential molecular interaction mechanism between somatic SNVs and chimeric RNAs, which opens up a new avenue for researching disease pathway and tumorigenesis development.
Single‐cell analysis reveals microbial spore responses to sodium hypochlorite
Authors: Yang Weiming , Yuan Yufeng , He Lin , Fan Haihua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPollution from toxic spores has caused us a lot of problems because spores are extremely resistant and can survive most disinfectants. Therefore, the detection of spore response to disinfectant is of great significance for the development of effective decontamination strategies. In this work, we investigated the effect of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite on the molecular and morphological properties of single spores of Bacillus subtilis using single‐cell techniques. Laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy showed that sodium hypochlorite resulted in Ca2+‐dipicolinic acid release and nucleic acid denaturation. Atomic force microscopy showed that the surface of treated spores changed from rough to smooth, protein shells were degraded at 10 min, and the permeability barrier was destroyed at 15 min. The spore volume decreased gradually over time. Live‐cell imaging showed that the germination and growth rates decreased with increasing treatment time. These results provide new insight into the response of spores to sodium hypochlorite.
Pazopanib stimulates senescence of renal carcinoma cells through targeting nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)
Authors: Wang Xingyuan , Yang Jing , Li Dechao , Teng Lichen , Chen Yongsheng , Meng Jie , Yang Chen , Yin Zhihao , Li Changfu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney cancer with high mortality rate. Pazopanib has been approved for the treatment of RCC. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear. Here, we report a novel finding by showing that treatment with Pazopanib could promote cellular senescence of the human RCC cell line ACHN. Cells were stimulated with 5, 10, and 20 μM Pazopanib, respectively. Cellular senescence was measured using senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐Gal) staining. Western blot analysis and real‐time polymerase chain reaction were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), γH2AX, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), telomeric repeat binding factor 2 (TERF2), p53 and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI). First, we found that exposure to Pazopanib reduced the cell viability of ACHN cells. Additionally, Pazopanib induced oxidative stress by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species, reducing the levels of glutathione peroxidase, and promoting nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Interestingly, Pazopanib exposure resulted in DNA damage by increasing the expression of γH2AX. Importantly, Pazopanib increased cellular senescence and reduced telomerase activity. Pazopanib also reduced the gene expression of hTERT but increased the gene expression of TERF2. Correspondingly, we found that Pazopanib increased the expression of p53 and PAI at both the mRNA and protein levels. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, the expression of Nrf2 was knocked down by transduction with Ad‐ Nrf2 shRNA. Results indicate that silencing of Nrf2 in ACHN cells abolished the effects of Pazopanib in stimulating cellular senescence and reducing telomerase activity. Consistently, knockdown of Nrf2 restored the expression of p53 and PAI in ACHN cells. Based on these results, we explored a novel mechanism whereby which Pazopanib displays a cytotoxicity effect in RCC cells through promoting cellular senescence mediated by Nrf2.
Basics of hip arthroscopy: Step‐by‐step technique
Authors: Gursoy Safa , Cirdi Yigit Umur , Kirac Muge , Chahla Jorge 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHip arthroscopy is a surgical procedure that has a technically challenging nature, requiring advanced spatial skills and specialised instrumentation. The most common indication for hip arthroscopy is femoroacetabular impingement, which is increasing due to improved awareness and knowledge of the condition among healthcare professionals. Hip arthroscopy requires many different checkpoints from patient positioning to capsule closure to be successfully completed. Patient positioning is one of the keystones of hip arthroscopy and the probability of a surgeon achieving successful outcomes is significantly influenced by the establishment of optimal access points. The importance of the acetabular labrum and capsule has been better understood in recent years. There has been a noticeable preference towards prioritising acetabular labral repair over debridement or excision. Similarly, consistent with the literature, capsule closure restores naive hip biomechanics more successfully and improves functional outcomes following hip arthroscopy. Osteochondroplasty is a frequently employed therapeutic intervention; yet, attaining optimal osteochondroplasty outcomes might present challenges. The aim is, to restore the full perfect sphericity of the femoral head without attenuation of the head. The aim of this article is to highlight the knowledge accumulated from experiences based on previous hip arthroscopy surgeries as a solution for future troubleshooting steps.Level of Evidence: Level V.