bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter study on deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: An independent assessment of reported adverse events at 4 years
Authors: Hariz Marwan I. , Rehncrona Stig , Quinn Niall P. , Speelman Johannes D. , Wensing Carin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractOngoing adverse events (AEs) at 4‐years postsurgery in 69 patients with advanced Parkinson′s disease (PD) who received deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) (n = 49) or the internal globus pallidus (GPi) (n = 20), in the framework of a subset of eight centers of a multicenter study, were analyzed by an independent ad hoc committee. At baseline, the patients' age, sex, disease duration, and clinical condition were virtually identical, as was the duration of follow‐up. There were 64 AEs reported in 53% of STN DBS patients and eight AEs reported in 35% of GPi DBS patients. Most of the AEs were not deemed severe and were reported to be present “both with and without stimulation.” The majority of the AEs affected patients' cognitive, psychiatric and behavioral status, as well as speech, gait, and balance, and most of these AEs occurred in STN DBS patients. When comparing patients who exhibited AEs with those who did not, it was found that in the STN DBS group, the patients with AEs had a longer disease duration, as well as more gait disorders and psychiatric disturbances at baseline. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Differential diagnosis of myotonic disorders
Authors: Miller Timothy M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe presence of myotonia and paramyotonia on clinical examination and of myotonic discharges during electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies are important for the diagnosis of certain neuromuscular conditions. The increased muscle activity of myotonia produces muscle stiffness that improves with repeated activity. Paramyotonia produces a similar symptom, but the stiffness paradoxically increases with activity. Myotonic discharges are easily recognized on EDX testing because of the waxing and waning discharges. Myotonic dystrophy and myotonia congenita share both clinical and electrodiagnostic myotonia. Paramyotonia congenita and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis are associated with clinical paramyotonia and electrical myotonia. Acid maltase deficiency often produces myotonic potentials without clinical evidence of myotonia or paramyotonia. The differential diagnosis of these myotonic disorders is discussed. Muscle Nerve, 2007
CD133: molecule of the moment
Authors: Mizrak D , Brittan M , Alison MR 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCD133 (prominin‐1) was the first in a class of novel pentaspan membrane proteins to be identified in both humans and mice, and was originally classified as a marker of primitive haematopoietic and neural stem cells. Due to the highly restricted expression of CD133 family molecules on plasma membrane protrusions of epithelial and other cell types, in association with membrane cholesterol, a role in the organization of plasma membrane topology has also recently been assigned to this family. Studies have now confirmed the utility of CD133 as a marker of haematopoietic stem cells for human allogeneic transplantation. In addition, CD133 represents a marker of tumour‐initiating cells in a number of human cancers, and therefore it may be possible to develop future therapies towards targeting cancer stem cells via this marker. The development of such therapies will be aided by a clearer understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways that regulate the behaviour of CD133‐expressing cells, and new data outlining the role of Wnt, Notch, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling in CD133+cancer stem cell regulation are discussed within. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational characterization of the hydroxylamino (NHOH) group
Authors: Politzer Peter , Murray Jane S. , Concha Monica C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe have examined computationally some properties of the hydroxylamino group, N(H)OH, in different molecular environments. Geometries were optimized at the B3LYP/6‐31G** level and used to calculate B3LYP/6‐311G(3df,2p) energy differences and HF/6‐31G* electrostatic potentials V(r) and local ionization energies $\bar I{\rm (}{\bf r}{\rm )}$. V(r) and $\bar I{\rm (}{\bf r}{\rm )}$ were evaluated on the molecular surfaces defined by the 0.001 au contours of the electronic densities. Two important factors in determining the N(H)OH structure are lone pair repulsion and possible intramolecular hydrogen bonding involving the remainder of the molecule, which can affect the pyramidal character of the nitrogen. The nitrogen and oxygen lone pairs produce regions of negative potential, those of the oxygen being stronger. These should function as hydrogen bond acceptors, although not as well as NH3 and H2O. The nitrogen lone pairs, although less negative, are expected to be the more basic, often roughly similar to pyridine. The amine and hydroxyl hydrogens tend to have quite positive potentials, and should be potent in hydrogen bonding. Depending upon the remainder of the molecule, the hydroxyl and the amine protons can range from essentially no acidity to weak to quite strong. The hydroxylamino group is estimated to have an average polarizability of 2.38 Å3 and as a substituent on aromatic rings to be activating and ortho, para‐directing, with Hammett δp = −0.37. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bottlebrush‐shaped copolymers with cellulose diacetate backbone by a combination of ring opening polymerization and ATRP
Authors: Vlček Petr , Janata Miroslav , Látalová Petra , Dybal Jiří , Špírková Milena , Toman Luděk 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGraft copolymers with cellulose diacetate (CDA) backbone and both the poly(ε‐caprolactone) and polystyrene, or poly(butyl acrylate) or PMMA grafts were prepared by two‐step process. First, ε‐caprolactone (CL) was polymerized by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) initiated with CDA, partly funcionalized with 2‐bromo‐isobutyryl groups (degree of functionalization was 0.5). The p(CDA‐g‐CL) copolymers were used in the second step as polyfunctional macroinitiators of ATRP of the vinyl monomer, giving densely grafted copolymers with polyester and PSt, or PBuA, or PMMA grafts. The prepared copolymers were characterized by SEC, some of them also by FTIR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 564–573, 2008
Encapsulation and release by star‐shaped block copolymers as unimolecular nanocontainers
Authors: Kul Dilek , Van Renterghem Lieven M. , Meier Michael A.R. , Strandman Satu , Tenhu Heikki , YIlmaz Sevil S. , Schubert Ulrich S. , Du Prez Filip E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA five‐arm star‐shaped poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with terminal bromide groups was used as a macroinitiator for the atom transfer radical polymerization of tert‐butyl acrylate (tBA), resulting in five‐arm star‐shaped poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) block copolymers. The polymerization proceeded in a controlled way using a copper(I)bromide/pentamethyl diethylenetriamine catalytic system in acetonitrile as solvent. The hydrolysis of the tBA blocks of the amphiphilic star‐shaped PEO‐b‐PtBA block copolymer resulted in dihydrophilic star structures. The encapsulation of the star‐block copolymers and their release properties in acid environment have been followed by UV‐spectroscopy and color changes, using the dye methyl orange as a hydrophilic guest molecule. Characterization of the structures has been done by 1H NMR, size exclusion chromatography, MALDI‐TOF, and differential scanning calorimetry. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 650–660, 2008
Antiparkinson drug – Mucuna pruriens shows antioxidant and metal chelating activity
Authors: Dhanasekaran Muralikrishnan , Tharakan Binu , Manyam Bala V. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractParkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder for which no neurorestorative therapeutic treatment is currently available. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. The ancient Indian medical system, Ayurveda, traditionally uses Mucuna pruriens to treat Parkinson's disease. In our earlier studies, Mucuna pruriens has been shown to possess antiparkinson and neuroprotective effects in animal models of Parkinson's disease. The antioxidant activity of Mucuna pruriens was demonstrated by its ability to scavenge DPPH radicals, ABTS radicals and reactive oxygen species. Mucuna pruriens significantly inhibited the oxidation of lipids and deoxyribose sugar. Mucuna pruriens exhibited divalent iron chelating activity and did not show any genotoxic/mutagenic effect on the plasmid DNA. These results suggest that the neuroprotective and neurorestorative effect of Mucuna pruriens may be related to its antioxidant activity independent of the symptomatic effect. In addition, the drug appears to be therapeutically safe in the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of Water Solubility of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Quantum Chemical Descriptors and Partial Least Squares
Authors: Lu Gui‐Ning , Dang Zhi , Tao Xue‐Qin , Yang Chen , Yi Xiao‐Yun 
Published: December 2007

AbstractQuantitative Structure‐Property Relationship (QSPR) modeling is a powerful approach for predicting the properties of environmental organic pollutants from their structure descriptors. In this study, QSPR models were established for estimating the water solubility of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Quantum chemical descriptors computed with density functional theory at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level and Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis with an optimizing procedure were used to generate QSPR models for the logarithm of the water solubility of PAHs. Two optimized models with high correlation coefficients (R2=0.966 and 0.970) were obtained for estimating logarithmic mass and molar concentration of water solubility, respectively. The internal statistics results of a cross‐validation test ($\rm{ Q_{{\rm{cum}}}^2 }$=0.928 and 0.937, respectively) showed both the models had high precision and good prediction capability. The logarithmic water solubility values predicted by the models are close to those observed. The PLS analysis indicated that PAHs with larger electronic spatial extent and lower total energy values tend to be less soluble.
Enthalpy of Solvation Correlations for Gaseous Solutes Dissolved in Alcohol Solvents based on the Abraham Model
Authors: Mintz Christina , Ladlie Tara , Burton Katherine , Clark Michael , Acree William E. , Abraham Michael H. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractData have been assembled from the published literature on the enthalpies of solvation for more than 100 compounds dissolved in methanol, ethanol, and 1‐butanol. It is shown that an Abraham solvation equation with five descriptors can be used to correlate the experimental enthalpies of solvation to within Standard Deviations (SDs) of 2.70 kJ/mol (methanol), 2.53 kJ/mol (ethanol), and 2.34 kJ/mol (1‐butanol). The derived correlations provide very accurate mathematical descriptions of the measured enthalpy of solvation data at 298 K, which in the case of methanol span a range of about 105 kJ/mol. Division of the experimental values into a training set and a test set shows that there is no bias in predictions, and that the predictive capability of the correlations is better than 3.0 kJ/mol.
Hepatitis C virus infection in haemodialysis and kidney transplant patients
Authors: Baid‐Agrawal Seema , Pascual Manuel , Moradpour Darius , Frei Ulrich , Tolkoff‐Rubin Nina 
Published: December 2007

AbstractChronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important global health problem. The prevalence of HCV is significantly higher in haemodialysis and kidney transplant patients, as compared to the general population. In spite of the relatively milder liver disease activity reported in HCV‐infected haemodialysis patients, HCV infection adversely affects survival. Likewise, HCV has a detrimental effect on both patient and graft survival after kidney transplantation. However, patient survival is significantly better with kidney transplantation compared to remaining on dialysis; therefore, HCV infection alone should not be a contraindication to transplantation. Combination antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon‐alpha and low‐dose ribavirin is currently evolving in haemodialysis patients. Interferon‐alpha (standard/pegylated) is relatively contraindicated after kidney transplantation because of an increased risk of allograft rejection. Therefore, antiviral treatment of transplant candidates while on dialysis remains the best option and may avoid the risk of HCV‐associated liver and renal disease after transplantation. Large multi‐centre clinical trials are required in HCV‐infected haemodialysis and kidney transplant patients in order to define optimal therapeutic strategies before and after transplantation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verification of Mondex electronic purses with KIV: from transactions to a security protocol
Authors: Haneberg Dominik , Schellhorn Gerhard , Grandy Holger , Reif Wolfgang 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Mondex case study about the specification and refinement of an electronic purse as defined in the Oxford Technical Monograph PRG-126 has recently been proposed as a challenge for formal system-supported verification. In this paper we report on two results.
First, on the successful verification of the full case study using the KIV specification and verification system. We demonstrate that even though the hand-made proofs were elaborated to an enormous level of detail we still could find small errors in the underlying data refinement theory, as well as the formal proofs of the case study.
Second, the original Mondex case study verifies functional correctness assuming a suitable security protocol. We extend the case study here with a refinement to a suitable security protocol that uses symmetric cryptography to achieve the necessary properties of the security-relevant messages. The definition is based on a generic framework for defining such protocols based on abstract state machines (ASMs). We prove the refinement using a forward simulation.
Mondex
, an electronic purse: specification and refinement checks with the
Alloy
model-finding method
Authors: Ramananandro Tahina 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

This paper explains how the
Alloy
model-finding method has been used to check the specification of an electronic purse (also called smart card) system, called the
Mondex
case study, initially written in Z. After describing the payment protocol between two electronic purses, and presenting an overview of the Alloy model-finding method, this paper explains how technical issues about integers and conceptual issues about the object layout in Z have been tackled in Alloy, giving general methods that can be used in most case studies with Alloy. This work has also pointed out some significant bugs in the original Z specification such as reasoning bugs in the proofs, and proposes a way to solve them.
Macrophage and T‐lymphocyte Infiltrates in Human Peritoneal Adhesions Indicate a Chronic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Binnebösel Marcel , Rosch Rafael , Junge Karsten , Lynen‐Jansen Petra , Schumpelick Volker , Klinge Uwe 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundPeritoneal adhesions are common and lead to significant clinical morbidity and mortality. Besides various individual factors, notably the inflammatory response to peritoneal defects affects adhesion formation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is inflammatory activity even in persistent adhesions.MethodsTissue specimens of 40 patients suffering peritoneal adhesions were prospectively collected. Expression profiles of seven parameters as potential mediators in cellular immune response, cell differentiation, and wound healing were analyzed (macrophages [CD68], B‐lymphocytes [CD20] and T‐lymphocytes [CD45], cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 [COX‐2], Notch‐3, β‐catenin, and c‐myc). Furthermore, clinical details and co‐morbidities were recorded.ResultsInfiltrates of mononuclear round cells were found in all adhesion specimens irrespective of the maturity. Immunohistochemical analysis identified mononuclear round cells as macrophages (CD68) and as T‐lymphocytes (CD45). Expression of CD68 was significantly elevated in adhesion tissue with an age <12 months. Positive expression of CD45, COX‐2, Notch‐3, β‐catenin, and c‐myc, was observed even in long‐lasting adhesions.ConclusionsA persistent inflammatory process has to be considered, even in mature adhesions. Macrophages may play an important role in triggering adhesions, whereas T‐cells and the Notch‐3/β‐catenin complex signaling pathway may play a crucial role in maintaining adhesions. These findings indicate that adhesions should not be regarded simply as an adynamic result of an operative trauma but rather may be grasped as a permanent process in remodeled tissue.
Design and Development of a Surgical Skills Simulation Curriculum
Authors: McClusky David A. , Smith C. Daniel 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundA number of significant changes have forced surgical educators to re‐evaluate the adequacy of traditional forms of surgical skills training.MaterialsA review of the literature reveals that surgical simulation has emerged as a useful adjunct to help educators adjust to the demands of an ever‐changing surgical practice environment. As such, integration of simulation technology into a busy surgical training program has now become a priority for training programs worldwide.ResultsSuccessful integration requires a disciplined and dedicated approach to the appropriate use of all forms of available simulation in a well‐designed curriculum.ConclusionThis manuscript provides a discussion of how this can be achieved using a sequential, modular, criterion‐based framework, providing details of the rationale behind such an approach and current examples of how it can be integrated.
Synthesis and Physical Properties of Symmetrical and Non‐symmetrical Triacylglycerols Containing Two Palmitic Fatty Acids
Authors: Adlof R. O. , List G. R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA series of symmetrical (ABA) and non‐symmetrical (AAB) triacylglycerol (TAG) isomers containing “A,” palmitic (P; 16:0) acid, and “B,” either oleic (O; 9c‐18:1), elaidic (E; 9t‐18:1), linoleic (L; 9c,12c‐18:2) or linolenic (Ln; 9c,12c,15c‐18:3) fatty acids were synthesized by esterification of the thermodynamically more‐stable 1,3‐di‐ or 1(3)‐monoacylglycerols [1,3‐DAG or 1(3)‐MAG], respectively. 1,3‐dipalmitoylglycerol (1,3P‐DAG) was esterified with O, L or Ln acid to prepare the symmetrical TAG isomers POP, PLP and PLnP, while the O‐ E‐, L‐ and Ln‐1(3)MAG precursors, synthesized or obtained commercially, were esterified with P acid to prepare the non‐symmetrical TAG isomers OPP, EPP, LPP and LnPP, respectively. The drop point(s), solid fat content and melting point values of the synthesized TAG were determined. The 1,3‐dipalmitoylglycerol (1,3P‐DAG) and 1(3)P‐MAG precursors were prepared, in multi‐gram quantities, by partial glycerolysis (glycerol/p‐toluenesulfonic acid) of tripalmitin. After fractionation by silica gel chromatography, the 1(3)P‐MAG and 1,3P‐DAG isomers (ca. 80% of total MAG or DAG) were purified (>98%) by crystallization from acetone [silver ion‐HPLC was utilized to determine the structural purities of the DAG (or MAG) precursors, and the synthesized TAG]. Esterification of the appropriate, thermodynamically more‐stable MAG or DAG precursors was found to be a very versatile method for synthesis (in 80–90% yields) of multi‐gram (3–5 g) quantities of symmetrical and non‐symmetrical TAG isomers, in chemical and structural purities of >96 and 97–99%, respectively.
Interspecific competition between Diadegma semiclausum Hellen and Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren), parasitoids of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L), feeding on a new host plant
Authors: Rossbach A. , Löhr B. , Vidal S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractInterspecific competition between an introduced parasitoid species aimed at controlling a herbivorous pest species and a native parasitoid parasitising the same host may influence the success of classical biological control programmes. In Kenya, interspecific competition between an introduced and a local parasitoid on two diamondback moth populations (DBM, Plutella xylostella) was investigated on two different host plants. We tested simultaneous and delayed competition of the local parasitoid Diadegma mollipla Holmgren and its exotic congenus D. semiclausum Hellen on a newly aquired DBM host plant (snowpea) in the laboratory. Under simultaneous competition, D. mollipla produced more progeny than D. semiclausum on snowpea. A head start of D. Mollipla, of four and eight hours before its congenus was introduced, resulted in a similar number of progeny of both species. In delayed competition (time intervals of 24 h, 48 h and 72 h), progeny production was similar for both parasitoids when the time interval was 24 h, irrespective of which species parasitized first. More progeny was produced by the species which attacked first, when the time interval was greater than 24 h, although it was only significant at 72 h. Competitive abilites of both parasitoids on the new host plant differed largely between laboratory and semi-field conditions. The influence of two host plants (snowpea and cabbage) on competition was studied in the greenhouse with different host and parasitoid densities. Parasitism levels of D. semiclausum were significantly higher than those of D. mollipla, regardless of host plant, host and parasitoid densities, but progeny production of D. mollipla on snowpea was still slightly higher than on cabbage. As compared to the confinement of parasitoids and larvae to small containers, D. mollipla parasitized very few larvae in the cages. Competitive ability of the two parasitoid species tested was influenced both by the density of the searching females and by parameters related to either the host plant and/or the herbivorous hosts.
Novel insight in the association between salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis and chronic illness, and the role of host genetics in susceptibility to these diseases
Authors: DOORDUYN Y. , VAN PELT W. , SIEZEN C. L. E. , VAN DER HORST F. , VAN DUYNHOVEN Y. T. H. P. , HOEBEE B. , JANSSEN R. 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYWe studied the role of host genetics in the susceptibility to severeSalmonellaandCampylobacterinfections and chronic sequelae of these infections. Participants of a previous case-control study were sent a buccal swab kit and a questionnaire about occurrence of chronic sequelae. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in theTLR4(rs4986790),IFNG(rs2430561 and rs1861493),STAT1(rs1914408),IL1B(rs16944),NRAMP(SLC11A1rs2276631),JUN(rs11688) andVDR(rs10735810) genes were determined. In total, 687 controls, 457Campylobactercases and 193Salmonellacases participated. None of the SNPs were associated withCampylobacterorSalmonellainfections. None of the participants developed Guillain–Barré, Miller–Fisher or Reiter's syndrome. Reactive arthritis occurred in 5% and 2% of cases and controls, respectively.Campylobactercases more frequently experienced gastroenteritis episodes than controls.CampylobacterorSalmonellainfection in women, use of proton pump inhibitors and an SNP in theIFNGgene were independent risk factors for reactive arthritis. Another SNP in theIFNGgene and use of proton pump inhibitors were risk factors for recurrent episodes of gastroenteritis. In conclusion, reactive arthritis and recurrent gastroenteritis episodes are common after infection and host genetic factors play a role in susceptibility to these long-term health effects.