bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Children with Benign Rolandic Epilepsy Have a Higher Prevalence of Migraine than Those with Other Partial Epilepsies or Nonepilepsy Controls?
Authors: Wirrell Elaine C. , Hamiwka Lorie D. 
Published: September 2006

Summary:  Purpose: Prior studies have given conflicting data concerning the association of benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood (BREC) and migraine but were limited by lack of sensitive, diagnostic criteria for childhood migraine. By using revised International Headache Society (IHS‐R) criteria, we compared the prevalence of migraine in children with BREC with that of those (a) with cryptogenic/symptomatic partial epilepsy and (b) without epilepsy. Methods: Three cohorts of children, gender and age matched (within 1 year) were identified: (a) BREC, (b) cryptogenic/symptomatic partial epilepsy, and (c) no history of seizures. Parents were queried in a standardized interview about migraine and migraine equivalents in their child, and in either biologic parent. Migraine was defined by using the IHS‐R (for children) and IHS criteria (for parents). Children with headache were divided into definite (meeting IHS‐R criteria), probable (recurrent, throbbing headaches with nausea, vomiting, photophobia or phonophobia, not meeting IHS‐R criteria), possible (recurrent headaches with throbbing character or associated nausea/vomiting), or nonmigraine groups. χ2 analysis was used to determine whether the cohort with BREC had a higher prevalence of definite, definite or probable, or definite, probable, or possible migraines or migraine equivalents than the other two cohorts. Results: Each cohort consisted of 53 children (mean age, 9.8–9.9 years, M/F ratio, 35:18). Those with BREC had higher rates of definite and probable (p = 0.05), of definite, probable, and possible migraine (p = 0.05), and of migraine equivalents excluding motion sickness (p < 0.005) than did those without seizures; however, they did not differ significantly from the cryptogenic/symptomatic partial epilepsy cohort. Conclusions: Partial epilepsy, regardless of etiology, is associated with higher rates of migraine in children. The pathophysiologic link between epilepsy and migraine is unknown.
Epidural Pentobarbital Delivery Can Prevent Locally Induced Neocortical Seizures in Rats: The Prospect of Transmeningeal Pharmacotherapy for Intractable Focal Epilepsy
Authors: Ludvig Nandor , Kuzniecky Ruben I. , Baptiste Shirn L. , John Jenine E. , Von Gizycki Hans , Doyle Werner K. , Devinsky Orrin 
Published: September 2006

Summary:  Purpose: To determine whether epidural pentobarbital (PB) delivery can prevent and/or terminate neocortical seizures induced by locally administered acetylcholine (Ach) in freely moving rats. Methods: Rats were implanted permanently with an epidural cup placed over the right parietal cortex with intact dura mater. Epidural screw‐electrodes, secured to the cup, recorded local neocortical EEG activity. In the seizure‐termination study, Ach was delivered into the epidural cup, and after the development of electrographic and behavioral seizures, the Ach solution was replaced with either PB or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; control solution). In the seizure‐prevention study, the epidural Ach delivery was preceded by a 10‐min exposure of the delivery site to PB or aCSF. Raw EEG recordings, EEG power spectra, and behavioral events were analyzed. Results: Ach‐induced EEG seizures associated with convulsions, which were unaffected by epidural aCSF applications, were terminated by epidurally delivered PB within 2–2.5 min. Epidural deliveries of PB before Ach applications completely prevented the development of electrographic and behavioral seizures, whereas similar deliveries of aCSF exerted no influence on the seizure‐generating potential of Ach. Conclusions: This study showed for the first time that epidural AED delivery can prevent, as well as terminate, locally induced neocortical seizures. The findings support the viability of transmeningeal pharmacotherapy for the treatment of intractable neocortical epilepsy.
Nonfunctional SCN1A Is Common in Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy
Authors: Ohmori Iori , Kahlig Kristopher M. , Rhodes Thomas H. , Wang Dao W. , George Alfred L. 
Published: September 2006

Summary:  Purpose: Mutations in SCN1A, encoding the human NaV1.1 neuronal voltage‐gated sodium channel, cause the syndrome of severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI). Most SMEI‐associated mutations are predicted to truncate the SCN1A protein, likely causing a loss of sodium channel function. However, many missense or in‐frame deletion SCN1A mutations have also been reported in this disorder, but their functional impact is largely unknown. Here we report the functional characterization of eight SCN1A mutations (G177E, I227S, R393H, Y426N, H939Q, C959R, delF1289, and T1909I) previously identified in SMEI probands. Methods: SCN1A mutants were constructed in a recombinant human SCN1A and then heterologously expressed in human tsA201 cells along with the human β1 and β2 sodium channel accessory subunits. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording was used to define biophysical properties of each mutant and for comparison with the wild‐type (WT) channel. Results: Six of the mutants were nonfunctional, but Y426N and T1909I generated measurable sodium channel activity. Cells expressing Y426N and T1909I had significantly lower current densities compared with WT‐SCN1A. In addition, other biophysical abnormalities were observed for the two functional mutants including decreased channel availability (Y426N) and increased persistent sodium current (T1909I). Conclusions: We conclude that SMEI is caused either by complete loss of SCN1A function, or by dysfunctional sodium channels exhibiting mixed biophysical properties. This wide spectrum of functional defects observed among SCN1A mutations suggests that SMEI may result from more than a single molecular or cellular mechanism, or require other factors for pathogenesis.
SCN1AMutation Mosaicism in a Family with Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy in Infancy
Authors: Morimoto Masafumi , Mazaki Emi , Nishimura Akira , Chiyonobu Tomohiro , Sawai Yasuko , Murakami Aki , Nakamura Keiko , Inoue Ikuyo , Ogiwara Ikuo , Sugimoto Tohru , Yamakawa Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2006

Summary: Purpose:To investigate the genetic background of familial severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI) cases.Methods:We performed mutation analyses of the sodium‐channel geneSCN1Ain two Japanese brothers with clinical features of SMEI and their parents, who had no history of febrile and epileptic seizures.Results:Each patient showed nucleotide changes (c.[730G>T; 735G>T; 736A>T]) in the coding exon 6 ofSCN1Athat led to a truncation of the channel protein. Their father showed no mutations, but their mother showed the same mutation in a subpopulation of lymphocytes.Conclusions:The maternal mosaicism explains the identicalSCN1Amutations in the two brothers. This highlights the importance of investigating parental mosaicism even in sporadic SMEI cases.
Mosaic SCN1A Mutation in Familial Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy
Authors: Marini Carla , Mei Davide , Helen Cross J. , Guerrini Renzo 
Published: September 2006

Summary:  Purpose: Mutations of the α1 subunit sodium channel gene (SCN1A) cause severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI). Mutations of SCN1A have been found in 40 to 100% of SMEI patients and are de novo in the majority of individuals. Methods: We studied two sisters with SMEI and their father with febrile seizures. Results: SCN1A screening revealed a splice‐site mutation in both sisters. The mutation was inherited from their father in whom, however, a mosaicism was found, with 37% of ectodermal derivative cells carrying the mutation. Conclusions: In this family, a SCN1A mosaic mutation correlated with the milder phenotype, whereas the full heterozygous mutation caused SMEI. The possibility of mosaic mutations must, therefore, also be taken into account for genetic counseling and determining the recurrence risk in patients with SMEI.
Effect of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Moderate Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction and Wide QRS Complex: A Prospective Study
Authors: FUNG JEFFREY W.H. , ZHANG Q. , YIP GABRIEL W.K. , CHAN JOSEPH Y.S. , CHAN HAMISH C.K. , YU CHEUK M. 
Published: September 2006

Background: We sought to investigate the effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on disease progression in patients with moderate left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. Methods and Results: This is a prospective study to explore the effect of CRT in 15 optimally treated patients (age: 66.1 ± 12.8 years; male = 13) with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III, LV ejection fraction >35% and <45% and QRS duration >120 msec. Echocardiographic examination and standard heart failure assessment was performed before and 3 months after CRT implantation. The magnitude of echocardiographic remodeling measurements was compared with 30 age, sex, NYHA class, and heart failure etiology matched patients with conventional CRT indication. There were significant reductions in LV end‐systolic (86.2 ± 24.1 to 69.7 ± 22.2 mL, P < 0.01)/end‐diastolic (135.5 ± 36.8 to 120.5 ± 34.6 mL, P < 0.01) volumes, improvement in LV ejection fraction (39.1 ± 2.2 to 44.2 ± 5.5%, P = 0.01), and NYHA class (3.0 ± 0.0 to 2.07 ± 0.46, P < 0.001). There was no difference in changes in LV volumes, ejection fraction, NYHA class, and exercise capacity before and after CRT between the study and conventional groups except for greater improvement in the quality of life score in the conventional group. Conclusion: In this prospective study, significant LV reverse remodeling by CRT in those with a wide QRS complex and moderate LV systolic dysfunction was observed. Further studies to explore the benefit of CRT in patients with less severe heart failure are recommended.
Computerized calculation scheme for retinal image size after implantation of toric intraocular lenses
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Viestenz Anja , Seitz Berthold , Brünner Holger 
Published: September 2006

Abstract.Purpose.  To describe a paraxial computing scheme for tracing an axial pencil of rays through the ‘optical system eye’ containing astigmatic surfaces with their axes at random.Methods.  Two rays (−10 prism diopters from vertical and horizontal) are traced through the uncorrected and corrected eye. In the uncorrected eye one specific ray is selected from the pencil of rays, which passes through the pupil center. In the corrected eye any ray can be traced through the eye. From the slope angle, the intersection of the ray with the refractive surface and the refraction the slope angle of the exiting ray is determined and the ray is traced to the subsequent surface. From both rays traced through the eye an ellipse is fitted to the image to characterize the image distortion of an circular object.Example.  Assumptions: target refraction −0.5–1.0D/A = 90° at 14 mm, corneal refraction 42.5 + 3.5D/A = 15°, axial length 23.6 mm, IOL position 4.6 mm, central lens thickness 0.8 mm, refractive index 1.42, front/back surface of the toric IOL 10.0 D/7.14 + 6.47D/A = 101.8°. The vertical incident ray was imaged to (x, y) = (0.0055 mm, −1.6470 mm)/(0.0067 mm, −1.6531 mm) in the uncorrected/corrected eye. The horizontal incident ray was imaged to (x, y) = (1.6266 mm, −0.0055 mm)/(1.6001 mm, −0.0067 mm) in the uncorrected/corrected eye. The ellipse (semi‐major/semi‐minor meridian) fitted to the conjugate image of a circle sized 1.648 mm/1.625 mm in an orientation 14.2° in the uncorrected and 1.654 mm/1.599 mm in an orientation 7.1° in the corrected eye.Conclusion.  This concept may be relevant for the assessment of aniseikonia after implantation of toric intraocular lenses for correction of high corneal astigmatism.
Ocular presentations of breast cancer
Authors: Wickremasinghe Sanj , Dansingani Kunal K. , Tranos Paris , Liyanage Sidath , Jones Alison , Davey Clare 
Published: September 2006

Abstract.Context: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, with increasing incidence in Europe and North America. The frequency of involvement of the eye and visual pathways is reported to be as high as 30% in patients with known metastatic disease. In some cases, ophthalmic involvement can be the first sign of metastatic spread. Metastasis occurs via the haematogenous route and predominantly involves the choroid. Metastases to other ocular structures, the orbit and the visual pathways have also been described. Paraneoplastic effects are rare but significant.Treatments: Different modalities are employed in the treatment of breast cancer and its metastases. These include chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The ocular adverse effects of these have been well described, but recently developed new treatment modalities, such as monoclonal antibodies, may have different side‐effects. With the increasing incidence of breast cancer and the advent of new treatment strategies, the complications of the disease and the sequelae of therapy are highly relevant to both oncologists and ophthalmologists.
High‐order aberrations and preoperative associated factors
Authors: Fernández de Castro Luis E. , Sandoval Helga P. , Bartholomew Luanna R. , Vroman David T. , Solomon Kerry D. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract.Purpose:  The purpose of this study was to determine which preoperative factors are associated with the presence of high‐order aberrations.Methods:  A total of 93 eyes of 52 subjects were evaluated preoperatively between 1 January and 31 March 2003, using a Hartmann−Shack‐based aberrometer. Age, gender, cycloplegic refraction, pupil size, keratometry readings, anterior chamber depth, white‐to‐white tests, intraocular pressure and basic secretion tests were evaluated.Results:  Factors associated with high‐order aberrations included age ≥ 40 years (mean 4.39 ± 2.95 µm; p = 0.03, Mann–Whitney test), higher keratometry values (44.96 ± 1.57 D) (r = 0.447, p < 0.001, Spearman's correlation coefficient), higher degrees of myopia (≥ − 6.1 D) (p < 0.001, Kruskall−Wallis test) and increasing pupil size (p < 0.001, anova). Other factors including anterior chamber depth, white‐to‐white results, intraocular pressure and basic secretion test results did not correlate with the presence of high‐order aberrations preoperatively.Conclusions:  Ocular wavefront aberrations varied greatly from subject to subject. Treatment should be customized for each laser based on patient characteristics in order to ensure the optimal treatment profile for the aberration.
Impact of short‐term versus longterm topical steroid treatment on ‘idiopathic’ endothelial cell loss after normal‐risk penetrating keratoplasty
Authors: Nguyen Nhung Xuan , Pham Huan Nguyen , Langenbucher Achim , Cursiefen Claus , Seitz Berthold 
Published: September 2006

Abstract.Purpose:  Chronic endothelial cell loss after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) is suspected to result from a subclinical immune reaction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the prolonged use of a topical steroid after normal‐risk PK has a favourable impact on chronic endothelial cell loss.Methods:  The study included 305 eyes from the prospective Erlangen Normal‐risk Keratoplasty Study, with a mean follow‐up of 3.1 ± 0.9 years. Postoperative treatment was initiated with prednisolone acetate 1% eyedrops five times a day and was tapered slowly over the first 6 months. Patients were then randomized into two treatment groups: a short‐term group (n = 161), which stopped topical steroid treatment, and a longterm group (n = 144), which continued topical treatment with prednisolone acetate 1% eyedrops once a day until 12 months postoperatively. Endothelial cell counts were determined at each follow‐up examination (after 6 weeks, then every 3 months until 2 years, then once a year).Results:  Endothelial cell density in the short‐term and longterm groups decreased significantly from 1941 ± 550 cells/mm2 and 1957 ± 568 cells/mm2 to 1535 ± 535 cells/mm2 and 1472 ± 549 cells/mm2, respectively, from 6 weeks to 2 years postoperatively (p < 0.001). In a linear regression model, cell count in the short‐term group decreased by 216 ± 93 cells/mm2 and in the longterm group by 206 ± 111 cells/mm2 per year. There was no significant difference in endothelial cell loss between the short‐term and longterm groups (p = 0.5).Conclusions:  Longterm, low‐dose, topical steroid treatment does not seem to prohibit chronic endothelial cell loss after normal‐risk penetrating keratoplasty, in contrast to its favourable effect on immunological graft reactions. Our results may indicate that the aetiology of chronic endothelial cell loss is not of inflammatory origin. Further studies are needed to investigate this phenomenon.
Prevalence of myopia in Danish conscripts
Authors: Jacobsen Nina , Jensen Hanne , Goldschmidt Ernst 
Published: September 2006

Abstract.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of myopia among Danish conscripts and compare the results with those from similar Danish studies carried out in 1882 and 1964. Furthermore, the relationships between myopia and educational level, ethnicity, intelligence (IQ), body mass index (BMI) and height were analysed.Methods: We carried out a cross‐sectional study based on medical reports for 4681 male conscripts. The following data were collected from September to December 2004: age; place of birth; weight; height; power of spectacles or contact lenses; visual acuity; number of years at school (8–13 years); occupation; intelligence test (IQ test) score, and ethnicity.Results: The prevalence of myopia (≤ − 0.5 D, spherical equivalent) was 12.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]± 0.96); the prevalence of high myopia (< − 6.5 D) was 0.3% (95% CI ± 0.15). Myopes scored higher (45.3 [SD 9.4]) on IQ tests than emmetropes (41.4 [SD 10.4]) (p < 0.001) and had a higher educational level. No relationship was found between myopia and BMI, height or ethnicity.Conclusions: The study reports a significantly decreasing prevalence of low myopia among Danish conscripts in 2004 compared with 1964. Compared with the results from the 1882 study, the prevalence of low myopia seems stable. The prevalence of high myopia has decreased significantly since 1882 and has also tended to decrease from 1964. Number of years in education and IQ test score were related to myopia.
Avoidable mortality of psychiatric patients in an area with a community‐based system of mental health care
Authors: Amaddeo F. , Barbui C. , Perini G. , Biggeri A. , Tansella M. 
Published: September 2006

Objective:  To ascertain the existence of an excess of avoidable mortality among psychiatric patients in an area with a community‐based system of care, to identify predictors of higher risk of avoidable mortality and to provide some possible indication to reduce avoidable mortality in modern psychiatric services.Method:  All patients with an ICD‐10 psychiatric diagnosis, living in a catchment area of about 75 000 inhabitants, seeking care in 1982–2001 were included (n = 6956). Mortality and causes of death were ascertained using linkage procedures with other local health databases. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for each avoidable cause of death.Results:  The observed number of deaths for those causes considered avoidable by the European Community was four times greater than the expected (P < 0.01). SMR was higher for deaths preventable with adequate health promotion policies than for those preventable with appropriate health care. Males, alcohol/drug addicted and young patients have the highest avoidable SMRs.Conclusion:  These findings urgently call for the implementation of health promotion and preventive programs targeted to psychiatric patients. Moreover, mental health services should improve the capacity to manage medical health problems of their patients.
What happens to children with PDD when they grow up? Prospective follow‐up of 219 children from preschool age to mid‐childhood
Authors: Baghdadli A , Picot M‐C , Michelon C , Bodet J , Pernon E , Burstezjn C , Hochmann J , Lazartigues A , Pry R , Aussilloux C 
Published: September 2006

Objective:  To describe the psychological development of children with pervasive developmental disorders over a period of 3 years and to identify the factors linked to their developmental paths.Method:  The study was a collaborative and prospective follow‐up study of 219 preschoolers. Retrospective data and enrollment data were collected at the beginning of the study and 3 years later.Results:  We observed high variability in the short‐term outcomes of preschoolers. In line with previous research, our results showed that intellectual, linguistic and adaptive functioning were useful for predicting outcome. The severity of a child's autistic symptoms appears to be related to his or her future development. These variables can therefore be used as predictors of outcome for preschoolers with autism.Conclusion:  Developmental and symptom changes in young children with autism should not be overlooked and need to be assessed regularly in view of choosing suitable servicing programs.
Clinical Evaluation of Direct Cuspal Coverage with Posterior Composite Resin Restorations
Authors: Deliperi Simone , Bardwell David N. 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:  Composite resins have esthetic properties; they join the ability to preserve and reinforce sound tooth structure. Conservation is becoming popular for both small to medium defects and more compromised teeth.Purpose:  This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of Class II cuspal coverage direct composite restorations.Materials and Methods:  Twenty patients, 18 years or older, were included in this clinical trial restoring 25 vital molar teeth with one or two missing cusps. Criteria for inclusion are two or three surface restorations, replacement of composite and amalgam fillings (secondary decay, fracture of either filling material or tooth structure, aesthetic considerations), or virgin teeth with decay undermining a cusp. Teeth with residual cavity walls less than 1 mm or with complete loss of the clinical crown were excluded.Teeth were restored using a combination of Ultra‐Etch 35% phosphoric acid, PQ1 adhesive system, and Vit‐l‐escence microhybrid composite resin (Ultradent Products, Inc., South Jordan, UT, USA). The enamel peripheral skeleton of the restoration was built up first, followed by dentin and enamel occlusal surface stratification. Wedge‐shaped increments of composite resin were placed and cured using the variable intensity polimerizer (VIP) light (Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA) through a combination of a pulse and progressive curing technique.Results:  All 25 restorations were evaluated at 6‐month intervals during the 30‐month period using a modified US Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria by two independent evaluators precalibrated at 85% reliability. No failures were reported and alpha scores were recorded for all parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using a Chi‐square test (χ2) and the Fisher’s exact test. Sixteen of the 25 samples (64%) exhibited preoperative sensitivity to air (χ2=10.6; p=0.001). A significant difference in tooth sensitivity was reported after completion of the restorations. No teeth exhibited sensitivity both at the 2‐week recall and the 30‐month follow‐up (χ2=23.5; p < 0.0001).Conclusion:  Microhybrid composite resin demonstrated excellent clinical performance in direct cuspal coverage at completion of a 30‐month evaluation.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEIn selected clinical situations, cuspal coverage direct posterior composite restorations may represent a valid alternative to conventional indirect restorations.