bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Micellar Polymer Field Processes
Authors: Dogru A. H. , Mitsuishi H. , Yamamoto R. H. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper discusses the numerical simulation of field processes for micellar-polymer flooding. Two different models, along with their mathematical formulations, are presented. The first model is a limited compositional model. This type of a model requires a minimum amount of thermodynamic data and can potentially be applied to larger field problems. The second model is a two-dimensional, four-phase, ten-component, compositional model. The primary areas of use for the compositional models are the design of the slug, the planning of overall process strategy, and the investigation of the effect of various thermodynamic process variables on the oil recovery. Although the compositional models are not well suited for field scale simulation, information obtained from these models can be extrapolated to field scale. Specifically, this paper discusses the systematic use of various reservoir models in various phases of the project for an effective field recovery prediction. The numerical examples for each model use are included.
Operating Plan for Lena Guyed Tower
Authors: Percy J. P. , Massey M. W. , Barth J. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Under extreme environmental conditions, the compliant nature of the guyed tower can have an impact on drilling and production operations, as it results in relative vertical motion of the wellheads, as well as platform deck tilt and acceleration. Production and drilling equipment and operations on the LENA Guyed Tower therefore required special consideration in order to ensure safety and continuity of operations.
Evaluation of a Centrifuge Drill-Cuttings Disposal System With a Mineral Oil-Based Drilling Fluid on a Gulf Coast Offshore Drilling Vessel
Authors: Jackson S. A. , Kwan J. T. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Discharge of diesel oil based drilling fluids to ocean waters is under increasing scrutiny by industry and by regulatory agencies. Industry and agency sponsored research indicates that the presence of diesel oil in drilling muds contributes to toxicity levels which may not be acceptable for discharge. Some proposed National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) general permits ban the discharge of diesel oil muds. Because of increasing concern over the discharge of drilling fluids containing diesel oil, there is considerable interest in the industry in developing diesel oil substitutes.
Recent technological advancements in mineral oil invert emulsion drilling fluids offer promise of a substitute for diesel oil based muds. These mineral oil muds have performed as well as diesel oil muds in most instances. Mineral oil based muds have low toxicity to test species. Toxicity of mineral oil muds compared favorably with water based muds which are routinely approved for offshore discharge.
Because mineral oil muds are a relatively new development, very little data are available to the various regulatory agencies (EPA, MMS, and USCG) concerning the use of these fluids. This has resulted in cautious positions by these agencies in approving the discharge of mineral oil muds.
Itabirite: An Alternative Weighting Material for Heavy Oil-Base Muds
Authors: Scharf A. D. , Watts R. D. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper assesses the benefits of itabirite (hematite) as a weighting material in heavy oil base systems. A laboratory investigation was conducted to obtain information on a comparative basis between barite and itabirite. Rheological properties and abrasiveness were studied and field results were predicted.
As a result of the lab studies, lower field rhe-ology (i.e., PV, YP and Gel Strength) and a slightly more abrasive nature are predicted. Increased penetration rates and improved bit hydraulics are expected. Increased penetration rates and a greater tolerance to drill solids should reduce overall mud cost and well cost.
Upon completion of the laboratory study, field tests were made in a development area. Offset information on wells drilled with barite was studied, and variables such as drilling rigs, mud company, solids control equipment, bits, and mud programming were kept as consistent as possible with the exception of itabirite as the mud weighting agent.
Results indicate an increase in penetration rates as compared to offset wells, especially in mud weights exceeding 15 lbs/gal. Plastic viscosity was lower as predicted, mud cost slightly decreased, and abrasion did not appear excessive on pump liners and and pump parts. The efficiency of the solids control equipment was increased as shown by the maintenance of a lower percentage of solids in the mud and reduction of the percentage of low gravity solids.
The Effects of Dispersion and Phase Behavior on Unfavorable Mobility Ratio Displacements
Authors: Giordano R. M. , Salter S. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A compositional simulator is used to show how dispersion and phase behavior influence the stability of laboratory-scale displacements in which the mobility is unfavorable. Major emphasis is placed on analyzing the role of transverse dispersion in this process. The various flow patterns that can occur during fingering are shown as well as the composition history of the process during an unstable flood. For the process under study here, simulation results predict that the upstream side of the oil bank is extremely stable. Any fingers that form upstream of this front are unable to distort the stability of the oil bank. Some mechanisms for lateral finger movement in the core are explained and the effect of discretization on simulating these movements is shown. Finally, the effect of transverse dispersion on flow in high permeability streaks is illustrated.
Accurate Prediction and Corrections of Gellation Problems in Oilwell Cement
Authors: Brinkley J. F. , Mikkelson M. S. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Gel strength and rheological properties are used to determine certain characteristics of oilwell cement slurries. Historically, rheological measurements of these cement slurries have been used to determine their pumping characteristics. However, the use of standard rheologies, plastic viscosity (μp) and yield point (yp) alone have not been sufficient to explain the gellation problems. Because of this a modified gel strength procedure has been developed, that together with API rheology tests can be used to accurately predict gellation problems with oilwell cement slurries.
Testing Exploration Wells by Objectives
Authors: Barnum R. S. , Vela S. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Many papers have been published extending the theoretical understanding of pressure transient analysis. Most of these papers have concentrated on analysis of buildup tests for reservoir permeability, wellbore damage, and reservoir pressure. In many cases, the state of the art of analytical methods is far superior to the quality of the data obtained with present day procedures and instrumentation. This paper reviews the state of the art of testing exploration wells and presents a systematic approach to better formation evaluation. This systematic approach consists of establishing specific objectives for obtaining formation evaluation from well testing. Once the objectives are set, guidelines are given to design the test to meet all the objectives. The responsibility of test design rests on a well trained test engineer who also has the responsibility of test supervision, data quality control, data analysis, and test documentation. Guidelines are presented for procedures and instrumentation and a specific field example is presented that illustrates how to plan and conduct an exploration well test.
World Demand for Crude Oil
Authors: Omar A. E. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to determine the likely changes in the world demand for crude oil in response to predictable changes in the levels of domestic economic activity in the major oil consuming regions of the world. A world model of the demand for crude oil using an econometric framework was constructed. The model is expected to forecast domestic and import demand for crude oil among the major regions, using assumed levels of macro-economic activity, prices and changes in stocks.
This model was also designed to assess the sensitivity of the future demand and price of oil because of its uncertainty associated with most econometric and engineering studies of the demand and price responsiveness of oil/energy market.
This model will be helpful in regulating the oil prices for better planning and development to the producers and consumers alike. As a result of this model, low-income countries would benefit most.
Dubai Gas Lift Automation
Authors: Coltharp E. D. , Khokhar M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Dubai Petroleum Company has recently installed a computer gas lift surveillance and gas lift gas injection control system in the Fateh and S.W. Fateh Fields located in the southern part of the Arabian Gulf.
This system is the fourth generation of the computer control system installed in California in 1971 by Conoco, Inc. This paper describes the advantages and problems in this system to monitor and control the gas lift operation of 116 wells through 30 intelligent remote terminal units (RTU). In addition, this system monitors the condition of critical operational items such as emergency shut-down (ESD), fire detection, hydraulic systems, compressors, production rates, etc.
Rock/Crude-Oil Interactions and Wettability: An Attempt to Understand Their Interrelation
Authors: Cuiec L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
To emphasize the occurrence of non-water-wet reservoirs, a literature review of this topic is made followed by a description of our findings concerning the evaluation of the wettability of some 20 reservoirs from Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Then this paper describes various experimental contributions to the understanding of rock/crude-oil interactions which are responsible for the occurrence of such reservoirs.
The major role of heavy fractions, especially asphaltenes, has been shown in various ways, whereas low-boiling-point cuts (&lt; 350 °C) were not able to induce wettability changes. Moreover, it appears that, among intermediate fractions of a crude oil, some may change the surface properties of rocks, depending on the type of rock. Our research also confirms that various pure-acid and basic-organic compounds with low molecular weight are not able to induce wettability changes in various kinds of porous media.
Use of Reservoir Performance Analysis in the Simulation of Prudhoe Bay
Authors: O'Brien D. G. , Brown M. E. , Lederer M. C. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Reservoir and well performance analysis have made a large contribution to understanding the Sadlerochit reservoir at Prudhoe Bay. The means by which this information has been efficiently used in day-to-day decision-making is described. Its application to the history matching process of a full field numerical simulator is discussed. A method of developing a reservoir management strategy based on performance analysis, and independent of the full field simulator, is presented. A means of incorporating this strategy into full field simulator predictions is suggested.
Applications of a Thermal Simulator to Field Cases
Authors: Corre B. , Eymard R. , Quettier L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Some field applications of a thermal, pseudo-compositional, fully implicit simulator are presented. A brief description of the simulator outlines its main physical and numerical features. A steam-flood in a 3D reservoir containing fractured zones shows the efficiency of the implicit formulation in handling very heterogeneous cases. With a 9-point scheme, the grid orientation effects disappear. Furthermore very high contrasts of temperature are solved by this model in a reservoir where convective movements into 2 horizontal and 2 vertical connected fractures induce the meeting of hot and cold flows. Finally, the interpretation of temperature surveys allows the determination of the real path of the injected fluid through the cementation of a well completion.
Progress Report Of The Neutron Lifetime Log Application In California
Authors: Millis C.W. , Wood R.D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A series of field tests were performed to establish the feasibility of introducing Neutron Lifetime Logging into California on a commercial basis as an aid to solving complex reservoir problems. Prior to the tests, there was apprehension that the fresh connate waters and mixed lithologies would present unsurmountable barriers to reliable formation evaluation. The results of the tests definitely proved that the Neutron Lifetime log is capable of identifying oil and gas bearing zones from water zones in California. Six examples are presented in this paper showing different approaches to Neutron Lifetime evaluation and the resulting production from recompletion.
The Neutron Lifetime relies on the principle that thermal neutrons generated from a pulsed source will be captured by formation materials. The rate of capture depends upon the capture cross section (S) and the amount of material present.
Vortex Drilling: A New Field Practice
Authors: Hayatdavoudi A. , Akhigbe A. , Ghalambor A. , Okoye C. U. , Nini C. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In Part (1) of this paper, we discussed the theoretical development and have presented some laboratory data. Part (2) - the last part - presented here deals with the case histories, economic models and economic analysis of wells drilled with and without the Downhole Vortex Generator (DVG).
The analysis of field data shows that for 9-7/8" intermediate holes, a cost per foot reduction of 18% - 26% is achievable. However, due to lower vortex intensity in 6-3/4" production holes, the cost reduction may or may not be possible.
An Updated Examination of Gas Sweetening by the Iron Sponge Process
Authors: Anerousis J. P. , Whitman S. K. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A detailed evaluation of gas sweetening via iron sponge (hydrated iron oxide) has been undertaken due to the apparent lack of comprehensive engineering, research, and field data related to this process. Key areas reviewed include composition of the sweetening media, unit design considerations, and operational parameters. The investigations discussed in this paper provide quantifiable proof that the iron sponge process continues to be a viable alternative for hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan removal, provided the sweetening equipment is properly designed and operated.
Design and Operation of the Dehydration Facility for the Elsinore "73" No. 1, a CO2 Supply Well
Authors: Skopak J. E. , Phillips L. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A carbon dioxide (CO2) supply well was drilled and completed by Conoco Inc. in the Elsinore Field, Pecos County, Texas in September, 1983. The well was drilled to provide CO2 for the Ford Geraldine (Delaware Sand) Unit, Reeves and Culberson Counties, Texas. The well tested flowing 11.5 MMCFPD of saturated CO2 at a pressure above the critical.
The corrosive nature of the saturated CO2 at a pressure above the critical necessitated a careful study of pipelining and dehydration options. Ultimately, the CO2 would have to be dehydrated, since it would be moved to the Ford Geraldine Unit through an existing unprotected steel pipeline.
This paper details the design and operation of the Elsinore "73" No. 1 CO2 dehydration facility. Specific topics that will be discussed are pipelining and dehydration alternatives, molecular sieve (mol sieve) bed design, equipment and piping, metallurgy, fuel options, automation and startup.
A New Sonic Array Tool for Full Waveform Logging
Authors: Morris C. F. , Little T. M. , Letton W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
For over 20 years, sonic logging has implied compressional velocity logging using first break detection from two-receiver tools. Today, sonic logging techniques can utilize more of the information contained in the acoustic waveform to provide shear and Stoneley-wave velocity and attenuation measurements. This requires signal-processing techniques for full-waveform analysis. These techniques generally need more spatial samples of the wavefield than are provided by standard two-receiver tools. To fulfill this need, a new multireceiver sonic tool has been designed.
In this paper, we describe a new sonic array tool which has an array of eight receivers spaced 6 in. apart, located 8 ft from the nearer of two transmitters. In addition to array capabilities, standard short and long-spaced sonic logs are available. A special section has been incorporated to give a mud-velocity measurement. The downhole electronics provide digitized waveform acquisitions with an effective resolution capability of 11 bits.
To extract the additional answers from the full waveform, slowness-time coherence (STC) processing has been developed. Based on semblance techniques, STC identifies coherent arrivals across the array. Examples of waveforms and processed logs from both open and cased wells are presented to illustrate the tool's capabilities.
Effect of Interference on Pressure Build-Up - A Method for Calculating Porosity-Thickness Product
Authors: Collins R.E. , Kolodzie P.A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a theoretical study of the effect of interwell interference on pressure buildup in a shut-in well in multi-well reservoirs. An equation was developed which describes pressure buildup in a homogeneous, infinite reservoir of uniform thickness containing a single, mobile fluid which is slightly compressible. Using this equation, the pressure buildup in a shut-in well in a reservoir containing a number of offset producing wells was calculated on an electronic digital computer. For this study the offset wells had specified,, variable production rates. These computations illustrate the nature of pressure interference during pressure buildup tests.
The study shows that offset producing wells can cause appreciable pressure drawdown at a shut-in well. The existence of interference does not obviate the use of the conventional Horner technique for estimating permeability and static well pressure from pressure buildup tests.
A method is derived for calculating the average porosity-thickness product for a reservoir from a change in pressure interference which is induced by altering production rates of offset wells. Information required for this calculation includes the change in pressure interference, slope of the buildup curves, average fluid compressibility, well locations, and production histories of all wells. An analysis was made of the error in porosity-thickness product resulting from errors in pressure measurements and other factors required in the calculations.

Introduction
Pressure buildup tests have been used for a number of years to determine the static bottom-hole well pressure. More recently, these tests have also been used the average reservoir permeability in the drainage area of the shut-in well. Perhaps the most widely used method for interpreting pressure buildup data to obtain the static pressure and average permeability is the one proposed by Horner, based on the theoretical analysis of pressure buildup in a single well in an infinite reservoir.
A Unified Approach to Devonian Shale Oilwell Development
Authors: Gottschling J. C. , Cecil K. L. , Wright J. N. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The completion program for a Devonian Shale oil well should consider the unconventionality of the reservoir. Each, step from drill site selection to production method must be designed to minimize disturbance of the natural fracture system. This paper will present a systematic approach to Devonian Shale oil well development in one particular area. Short term production results presented show a less drastic decline rate than typically associated with shale oil well production. The merits of a well planned, systematic program will be evident.
The Use of Lineament Mapping and Electromagnetic Surveying for Detecting Natural Fractures in the Devonian Shale
Authors: Weaver K. A. , Cress W. D. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The natural fractures existing in the Devonian Shale of the Appalachian Basin provide the enhanced permeability necessary to make the shale economically productive. Lineament maps are the predominent means of tracing fractures at the surface, but interpretation errors that are associated with their construction limit their accuracy. This study uses an electromagnetic surveying technique to eliminate these inaccuracies. The first five wells sited with the aid of this method have all intersected fractures. Such surveys appear to be useful for optimizing the location of wellsites.
Investigations Into Devonian Shale Gas Production Mechanisms in Southern Ohio
Authors: Thompson T. W. , McBane R. A. , Sitler Gary , Strawn Jon , Moody Mark 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Economic gas production from the Devonian Shale requires permeable pathways combined with matrix storage. These pathways may include fractures, bedding planes or silt layers. The Gas Research Institute is sponsoring a research project to evaluate the relationships these geologic features and productive gas flows have with the eventual aim of developing better exploration, stimulation and production strategies. This study will investigate wells throughout the basin, with a wide range of potential productivity in order to determine what variations in geology result in marginal versus good producers. As a first phase of this project, detailed data on the geology and reservoir parameters are being collected on four wells in southern Ohio, which are being recompleted in the Devonian Shale. Two additional wells have been investigated in a pilot study, the remainder are currently under investigation.
The Effect Of Permeability Discontinuities On Pressure Build-Up Behavior
Authors: Murphy W.C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents a study of certain permeability discontinuities as observed in drill-stem test pressure build-up behaviors Pressure build-up anomalies, under unsteady-state conditions, were investigated to determine the type and relative location of discontinuities in the formation. These anomalies are identified by an interpretation of the build-up behavior and extrapolation plot and confirmed by field results.
Illustrations are submitted on permeability reduction at the wellbore resulting from formation damage, deep mud invasion, after- production, vertical permeability, permeability reduction, and linear barriers. A practical analogy of these discontinuities is made to show their immediate relation to the test and the probable ultimate reaction of the producing zone.