bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotypic Variation in Excised Leaf Culture Ability of Fodder Cowpea: A New Direction for Germplasm Evaluation
Authors: Das Swarnalata , Suvadra J. S. , Dhal Arbinda , Dash Binayak 
Published: April 2024

Genotypic variability in rooting ability of excised leaves is of great importance in crop improvement programme. Rooting in excised leaves encourages leaf culture which in term helps in identification of stay green and disease resistant plants. In the present investigation we have tried to find the genotypic variation in senescence and root traits of excised forage cowpea leaves. Matured leaves were excised from 30 and 40 days old plants and immersed in water for 8-10 days. Roots were appeared in leaf petiole on 5th day of immersion. Observations were recorded on root length, number of roots, frequency of rooted leaves, chlorophyll content and senescence of excised leaves on 7th day. Results revealed significant variation in root length, root number, frequency of rooted leaves, chlorophyll contentand senescenceof detached leaves. The maximum root length was observed in case of UPC-2001 (8.26 cm) followed by Sweeta (7.18 cm).Length of the longest root ranged from 2.90 to 8.26 cm with a mean of 4.95 cm. Number of adventitious roots ranged from 7.8 to 36.67 with a mean of 19.46. Frequency of rooted leaf ranged from 0.10 to 1.00.The chlorophyll content in terms of SPAD units varied from 13.54 to 42.31.Senescence index ranged from 0.10 to 1.00.Three genotypes namely UPC-804, UPC-2001 and Sweetashowed the highest desirability index of 5.0. This investigation reveals variation in excised leaf culture ability of forage cowpea genotypes. The excised leaf culture is the simplest, quickest and cheapest techniquethat could be used for identification of stay green and disease resistant fodder cowpea genotypes.
Growth and Development of Rice as Influenced by Establishment, Residue Retention and Zinc Application
Authors: Singh Akashdeep , Bindra A. D. , Sharma Tarun , Sharma Rahul , Rana Bharat Bhushan , Chauhan Garima , Manuja Sandeep 
Published: April 2024

Aims: To investigate the effect of different establishment methods, zinc application and residue retention on the rice plant growth metrics.
Study Design: Split-plot design with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: Rice and Wheat Research Centre-CSK HPKV, Malan, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India. The study was conducted during Fall of 2021 and 2022.
Methodology: We used six main plot treatments viz., M1: transplanting, M2: wet seeding (line sowing under puddle condition), M3: aerobic rice (dry rice cultivation), M4: transplanting + soil application of ZnSO4 (12.5 kg ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray) at flowering and early milk stages, M5: wet seeding + soil application of ZnSO4 (12.5 kg ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray) at flowering and early milk stages, M6: aerobic rice + soil application of ZnSO4 (12.5 kg ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray) at flowering and early milk stages, and three subplot treatments, S1: no residue, S2: 15 cm height of rice straw from ground and incorporation in soil and S3: 30 cm height of rice straw from ground and incorporation. The variety used in the investigation was HPR 1068 of rice.
Results: The zinc was treatment resulted in significantly better rice plant height, leaf area index, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate when coupled with transplanting establishment method. Conversely, the aerobic rice establishment without zinc application resulted in significantly (P<0.05) lower rice growth attributes. The days to flowering and physiological maturity were not significantly influenced by the treatments during the study.
Conclusion: The transplanting in conjunction with soil application of ZnSO4 12.5 kg ha-1 and foliar application of ZnSO4 0.5% at flowering and early milk stages resulted in significantly higher and better rice plant growth and hence is encouraged.
Determining the Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) on Growth and Flower Yield of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cv. Prajwal
Authors: Rajaselvam M. , Sudhagar R. , Kumaresan M. 
Published: April 2024

Tuberose (Polyanthes tuberosa L.) is a highly valued commercial bulbous ornamental plant found in tropical and subtropical climates in the Amaryllidaceae family. It is high demand in both domestic and distant markets due to its long tepels, funnel shape, and strong fragrance. The field experiment was carried out to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and flower yield of tuberose cv. Prajwal during the year of 2021 -2022 at Department of Horticulture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu. The investigation was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of different levels of FYM (25% and 15%), poultry manure (25% and 15%), vermicompost (25 % and 15 %), inoculation of Azotobacter (2 kg ha-1) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (2 kg ha-1) along with RDF (100 % and 75 %). Among the different treatments, T10 (75 % RDF + Azotobacter @ 2 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 2 kg ha-1) was discovered to be more successful in improving all growth, physiological and flowering characters viz., plant height (51.75 cm), number of side shoots plant-1 (11.23), leaf area (98.76 cm2), chlorophyll content (0.99 mg g-1), dry matter production (42.37 g plant-1) and flowering and yield parameter viz., number of spike plant-1 (3.12), length of spike (105.30 cm), number of florets spike-1 (56.11) and flower yield ha-1 (15.72 t ha‑1).
Photosensitization of TiO2 Nanostructures with CdS Quantum Dots: Particulate versus Tubular Support Architectures
Authors: Baker David R. , Kamat Prashant V. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTiO2 nanotube arrays and particulate films are modified with CdS quantum dots with an aim to tune the response of the photoelectrochemical cell in the visible region. The method of successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction facilitates size control of CdS quantum dots. These CdS nanocrystals, upon excitation with visible light, inject electrons into the TiO2 nanotubes and particles and thus enable their use as photosensitive electrodes. Maximum incident photon to charge carrier efficiency (IPCE) values of 55% and 26% are observed for CdS sensitized TiO2 nanotube and nanoparticulate architectures respectively. The nearly doubling of IPCE observed with the TiO2 nanotube architecture is attributed to the increased efficiency of charge separation and transport of electrons.
Religiosity, spirituality, and psychological distress in African‐Americans at risk for having a hereditary cancer predisposing gene mutation
Authors: Kinney Anita Y. , Coxworth James E. , Simonson Sara E. , Fanning Joseph B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractElevated psychological distress has been observed among people at increased risk for familial cancer. Researchers consider religiosity and spirituality (RS) to be positive coping mechanisms associated with reduced psychological distress. Relatively little is known about the impact of RS on genomic health issues. The objectives of our study were: (1) describe the prevalence of RS and depressive symptoms and (2) explore how RS relates to psychological distress in a cohort of individuals with a ≥25% prior probability of a genetic predisposition to cancer. Participants (n = 99) were drawn from an African‐American, Louisiana‐based kindred with a mutation at the BRCA1 locus. This analysis reports findings from a survey assessing RS and the use of three types of religious coping styles: collaborative, self‐directing, and deferring. Clinically significant depressive symptoms were relatively high (27%); with females (33%) more likely than males (17%) to report symptoms (P < 0.01). The majority of participants reported being highly religious. The most commonly employed religious problem solving style used by participants was collaborative (${\rm \bar X = 22}{\rm .9}$; SD = 5.8) versus self‐directing (${\rm \bar X = 12}{\rm .8}$; SD = 5.1) and deferring (${\rm \bar X = 19}{\rm .9}$; SD = 6.3). We did not observe significant associations between RS indicators and psychological distress, nor did we observe appreciable differences related to gender or risk perception. Although RS beliefs and practices are important for many African‐Americans, we did not find evidence that indicators of self‐reported RS are associated with psychological distress prior to genetic counseling and testing. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Religion, spirituality, and genetics: Mapping the terrain for research purposes
Authors: Churchill Larry R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractGenetic diseases often raise issues of profound importance for human self‐understanding, such as one's identity, the family or community to which one belongs, and one's future or destiny. These deeper questions have commonly been seen as the purview of religion and spirituality. This essay explores how religion and spirituality are understood in the current US context and defined in the scholarly literature over the past 100 years. It is argued that a pragmatic, functional approach to religion and spirituality is important to understanding how patients respond to genetic diagnoses and participate in genetic therapies. A pragmatic, functional approach requires broadening the inquiry to include anything that provides a framework of transcendent meaning for the fundamental existential questions of human life. This approach also entails suspending questions about the truth claims of any particular religious/spiritual belief or practice. Three implications of adopting this broad working definition will be presented. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Making sense of genetic uncertainty: The role of religion and spirituality
Authors: White Mary T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article argues that to the extent that religious and spiritual beliefs can help people cope with genetic uncertainty, a limited spiritual assessment may be appropriate in genetic counseling. The article opens by establishing why genetic information is inherently uncertain and why this uncertainty can be medically, morally, and spiritually problematic. This is followed by a review of the range of factors that can contribute to risk assessments, including a few heuristics commonly used in responses to uncertainty. The next two sections summarize recent research on the diverse roles of religious and spiritual beliefs in genetic decisions and challenges to conducting spiritual assessments in genetic counseling. Based on these findings, religious and spiritual beliefs are posited as serving essentially as a heuristic that some people will utilize in responding to their genetic risks. In the interests of helping such clients make informed decisions, a limited spiritual assessment is recommended and described. Some of the challenges and risks associated with this limited assessment are discussed. Since some religious and spiritual beliefs can conflict with the values of medicine, some decisions will remain problematic. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Christianity, health, and genetics
Authors: Smith David H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHealth is an intrinsic value that Christians should respect, but it is not the highest value. Christians should be willing to jeopardize their own health for the health of others, and should repudiate any idea that genetic problems are the result of sin. Rather, sin leads us to make genetic problems harder to live with than they should be. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The personal is political, the professional is not: Conscientious objection to obtaining/providing/acting on genetic information
Authors: Frader Joel , Bosk Charles L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractConscientious objection (CO) to genetic testing raises serious questions about what it means to be a health‐care professional (HCP). Most of the discussion about CO has focused on the logic of moral arguments for and against aspects of CO and has ignored the social context in which CO occurs. Invoking CO to deny services to patients violates both the professional's duty to respect the patient's autonomy and also the community standards that determine legitimate treatment options. The HCP exercising the right of CO may make it impossible for the patient to exercise constitutionally guaranteed rights to self‐determination around reproduction. This creates a decision‐making imbalance between the HCP and the patient that amounts to an abuse of professional power. To prevent such abuses, professionals who wish to refrain from participating have an obligation to warn prospective patients of their objections prior to establishing a professional–patient relationship or, if a relationship already exists, to arrange for alternative care expeditiously. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Religious traditions and prenatal genetic counseling
Authors: Anderson Rebecca Rae 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMembers of organized religious groups may look to their faith traditions for guidance regarding the moral implications of prenatal diagnosis and intervention. Many denominations have doctrinal statements relevant to these deliberations. In this article, common spiritual issues arising in the genetic counseling encounter are described. Representative doctrinal positions, derived from the responses of 31 U.S. religious denominations to a survey relating to prenatal genetic counseling, are given. Because the long‐term adjustment of patients may be dependent in part on their ability to reconcile their actions with their faith traditions, genetic counselors best serve their patients when they invite discussion of matters of faith. Unless invited, patients may assume these topics are “off limits” or that care providers are indifferent to their beliefs. Although genetics professionals ought not assume the role of spiritual advisor, a working knowledge of doctrinal approaches should help counselors frame the issues, and avoid missteps. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Y‐chromosomal comparison of the Madjars (Kazakhstan) and the Magyars (Hungary)
Authors: Bíró A.Z. , Zalán A. , Völgyi A. , Pamjav H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe Madjars are a previously unstudied population from Kazakhstan who practice a form of local exogamy in which wives are brought in from neighboring tribes, but husbands are not, so the paternal lineages remain genetically isolated within the population. Their name bears a striking resemblance to the Magyars who have inhabited Hungary for over a millennium, but whose previous history is poorly understood. We have now carried out a genetic analysis of the population structure and relationships of the Madjars, and in particular have sought to test whether or not they show a genetic link with the Magyars. We concentrated on paternal lineages because of their isolation within the Madjars and sampled males representing all extant male lineages unrelated for more than eight generations (n = 45) in the Torgay area of Kazakhstan. The Madjars show evidence of extensive genetic drift, with 24/45 carrying the same 12‐STR haplotype within haplogroup G. Genetic distances based on haplogroup frequencies were used to compare the Madjars with 37 other populations and showed that they were closest to the Hungarian population rather than their geographical neighbors. Although this finding could result from chance, it is striking and suggests that there could have been genetic contact between the ancestors of the Madjars and Magyars, and thus that modern Hungarians may trace their ancestry to Central Asia, instead of the Eastern Uralic region as previously thought. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Linkage disequilibrium patterns and genetic structure of Amerindian and non‐Amerindian Brazilian populations revealed by long‐range X‐STR markers
Authors: Leite Fabio P.N. , Santos Sidney E.B. , Rodríguez Elzemar M.R. , Callegari‐Jacques Sidia M. , Demarchi Dario A. , Tsuneto Luiza T. , Petzl‐Erler M. Luiza , Salzano Francisco M. , Hutz Mara H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe extent of X‐chromosome linkage disequilibrium (LD) was studied in a southern Brazilian population, and in a pool of samples from Amerindian populations. For this purpose, 11 microsatellites, located mostly in a Xq region comprising ∼86 Mb was investigated. The lower Amerindian gene diversity associated with significant differences between the populations studied indicated population structure as the main cause for the higher LD values in the Amerindian pool. On the other hand, the LD levels of the non‐Amerindian Brazilian sample, although less extensive than that of the Amerindians, were probably determined by admixture events. Our results indicated that different demographic histories have significant effects on LD levels of human populations, and provide a first approach to the X‐chromosome ancestry of Amerindian and non‐Amerindian Brazilian populations, being valuable for future studies involving mapping and population genetic studies. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zersetzung von Lachgas in die Elemente mit In‐situ‐Entfernung des Sauerstoffs durch eine Perowskitmembran
Authors: Jiang Heqing , Wang Haihui , Liang Fangyi , Werth Steffen , Schiestel Thomas , Caro Jürgen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn Perowskit‐Hohlfasermembranen gelingt die direkte Zersetzung von N2O zu N2 mit hohem Umsatz (siehe Bild), wenn der inhibierende Sauerstoff in situ entfernt wird. Durch eine gekoppelte partielle Methan‐Oxidation kann N2‐freies Synthesegas erhalten werden. Dieses nachhaltige Konzept kombiniert die N2O‐Entfernung mit der Erzeugung hochwertiger Chemikalien.magnified image
Nanophotonic Ion Production from Silicon Microcolumn Arrays
Authors: Walker Bennett N. , Razunguzwa Trust , Powell Matthew , Knochenmuss Richard , Vertes Akos 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNanoantennen für Ionen: Kieselgel‐Mikrosäulenarrays nutzen das Licht eines Laserpulses zur Ionisierung. Das System verhält sich wie eine quasiperiodische Antennenanordnung, und die Ionenausbeute hängt stark von der Polarisationsebene und dem Einfallwinkel des Laserstrahls ab. Photonische Ionenquellen könnten die kontrollierte Ionenbildung auf der Mikro‐ und Nanometerebene verbessern und lassen sich möglicherweise direkt in miniaturisierte Analysatoren integrieren.magnified image
Control of Duplex Formation and Columnar Self‐Assembly with Heterogeneous Amide/Urea Macrocycles
Authors: Fischer Lucile , Decossas Marion , Briand Jean‐Paul , Didierjean Claude , Guichard Gilles 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe perfect blend : A new class of self‐assembling cyclooligomers with mixed urea/amide backbone is described (see figure). A high level of hierarchical and directional control is achieved: depending on the level of backbone preorganization, columnar or tubular arrangements with either parallel or antiparallel growing modes can be selected.magnified image
Direct Decomposition of Nitrous Oxide to Nitrogen by In Situ Oxygen Removal with a Perovskite Membrane
Authors: Jiang Heqing , Wang Haihui , Liang Fangyi , Werth Steffen , Schiestel Thomas , Caro Jürgen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDirect decomposition of N2O to N2 using perovskite hollow fiber membranes is achieved by combination with in situ oxygen removal (see picture). A coupled partial methane oxidation allows N2‐free synthesis gas to be obtained. This sustainable process combines N2O removal with the simultaneous production of valuable chemicals.magnified image
Oxindole Synthesis by Direct Coupling of CH and CH Centers
Authors: Jia Yi‐Xia , Kündig E. Peter 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn sp2/sp3 get‐together: A novel and efficient method can be used to synthesize 3,3‐disubstitued oxindoles by the direct intramolecular oxidative coupling of an aryl CH and a CH center (see scheme; DMF=N,N‐dimethylformamide).magnified image
Room‐Temperature Palladium‐Catalyzed CH Activation: ortho‐Carbonylation of Aniline Derivatives
Authors: Houlden Chris E. , Hutchby Marc , Bailey Chris D. , Ford J. Gair , Tyler Simon N. G. , Gagné Michel R. , Lloyd‐Jones Guy C. , Booker‐Milburn Kevin I. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPd and CO—ureally got me! The title reaction proceeds efficiently at 18 °C under CO (1 atm) with 5 % [Pd(OTs)2(MeCN)2] as precatalyst. Depending on the solvents used, either anthranilates or cyclic imides can be obtained in high yields (see picture, BQ=benzoquinone, Ts=4‐toluenesulfonyl).magnified image
Rheological characterization and morphology of nylon 1212/functional elastomer blends
Authors: Wang Wanjie , Cao Yanxia , Wang Jingwu , Zheng Qiang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe rheological characterization and morphological analysis of nylon 1212 toughened with a maleated triblock copolymer styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene (SEBS‐g‐MA) elastomer were carried out. We found that the critical shear strain of nylon 1212 was higher than that of virgin SEBS‐g‐MA and the plateau modulus of the blends in the curves of a dynamic strain sweep test was larger than those of the virgin components. All of the curves of a dynamic frequency sweep test showed a second plateau in the low‐frequency region, except those of nylon 1212 and the blend containing 10 wt % SEBS‐g‐MA. Furthermore, the positive deviation in the plots of G′ versus blend composition demonstrated that the blends were still immiscible, although the graft reaction improved the compatibility of the blends. According to the theory of phase transition, the phase‐inversion point was predicted to be about 50 wt % SEBS‐g‐MA, which corresponded to the morphology analysis. Additionally, the yield stress behaviors and long‐time relaxation behaviors of the blends were investigated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Ultrasonic degradation of poly(acrylic acid)
Authors: Shukla Neelesh Bharti , Darabonia Nagu , Madras Giridhar 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe ultrasonic degradation of poly(acrylic acid), a water‐soluble polymer, was studied in the presence of persulfates at different temperatures in binary solvent mixtures of methanol and water. The degraded samples were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography for the time evolution of the molecular weight distributions. A continuous distribution kinetics model based on midpoint chain scission was developed, and the degradation rate coefficients were determined. The decline in the rate of degradation of poly(acrylic acid) with increasing temperature and with an increment in the methanol content in the binary solvent mixture of methanol and water was attributed to the increased vapor pressure of the solutions. The experimental data showed an augmentation of the degradation rate of the polymer with increasing oxidizing agent (persulfate) concentrations. Different concentrations of three persulfates—potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and sodium persulfate—were used. It was found that the ratio of the polymer degradation rate coefficient to the dissociation rate constant of the persulfate was constant. This implies that the ultrasonic degradation rate of poly(acrylic acid) can be determined a priori in the presence of any initiator. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Recyclable shape‐memory polymer: Poly(lactic acid) crosslinked by a thermoreversible Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Inoue Kazuhiko , Yamashiro Midori , Iji Masatoshi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn intelligent shape‐memory polymer was made through the synthesis of poly(lactic acid) macromonomers with furanyl groups and crosslinking with linkers with maleimidyl groups. The thermoreversible covalent bonds formed by the Diels–Alder reaction between these groups made this polymer recyclable (i.e., environmentally friendly). The structure of the polymer was also studied. A defect of the structure, a dissociated moiety of the thermoreversible bonding, was strongly affected by the reaction conditions and was investigated with UV spectroscopy, which was used to monitor the concentration of the maleimidyl groups. The relation between the flexibility of the linker and the strength and inner stress of the polymer was also evaluated. Reducing the number of defects and relaxing the inner stress were found to increase the strength of the shape‐memory polymer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009