bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric evaluation of the Spanish version of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and Preferences for Activities of Children
Authors: Colón Wanda I. , Rodríguez Carmen , Ito Max , Reed Carol N. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCulturally sensitive and valid assessments of participation in occupations are needed for Spanish‐speaking children to enhance services offered to this population. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the newly developed Spanish version of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and Preferences for Activities of Children, the Evaluación de Participacion y Disfrute de los Niños y Preferencias de las Actividades de los Niños (EPDN/PAN). The sample included 249 children with and without disabilities, aged 6 to 15 years. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the participation of children with disabilities and children without disabilities, and between younger and older children were found. No statistical significant differences were found between males and females in the dimensions of participation assessed. Adequate internal consistency (0.70–0.92) was found for the PAN scale and the Overall and Informal domain scores of the EPDN‐Intensity scale. Further study is needed to evaluate the formal domain scale and gender differences by activity types. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal behavior of covalently bonded phosphonate flame‐retarded poly(methyl methacrylate) systems
Authors: Price D. , Cunliffe L. K. , Bullet K. J. , Hull T. R. , Milnes G. J. , Ebdon J. R. , Hunt B. J. , Joseph P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPyrolysis studies of reactively flame‐retarded methyl methacrylate copolymers MMA/diethyl(acryloyloxymethyl)phosphonate (MMA/DEAMP) and MMA/diethyl(methacryloyloxymethyl)phosphonate (MMA/DEMMP) have been undertaken with a view to gaining information pertinent to the mechanisms of their flame‐retardant behavior. The homopolymer with and without the additive diethylethylphosphonate was also investigated for comparison purposes. Each system contained 3.5 wt% of phosphorus. A range of techniques, namely TG with EGA, DSC, SEM, laser and microfurnace pyrolysis mass spectrometry, and isothermal pyrolysis‐GC‐MS, enabled the study to be carried out under a range of conditions. In the case of the additive system, the additive was evolved prior to the polymer decomposition. Little or no char residue remained at the end of the decomposition. Thus, the additive acted almost completely in the vapor phase. In the case of the MMA/DEMMP and MMA/DEAMP copolymers, substantial char residues were formed with 1.0 and 2.5 wt% phosphorus contents, respectively. This is evidence that predominantly condensed phase flame retardation occurs in these systems. SEM studies showed the chars from both copolymers to have flaky and smooth surfaces. Both copolymer samples showed slower decomposition rates compared to PMMA, the MMA/DEAMP being the slowest. Decomposition of MMA/DEMMP occurred mainly via end‐chain scission with both MMA and DEMMP appearing concurrently, which would facilitate condensed‐phase flame‐retardant action. On the other hand, in the case of MMA/DEAMP, end‐chain scission is to some extent is inhibited so that both end and the slower random‐chain scission occur. As a result, the decomposition of the acrylate system was slower than that of the methacrylate copolymer. The former system yields more char which contains the higher percentage of phosphorus than does the methacrylate copolymer. Thus, MMA/DEAMP showed the greater condensed‐phase flame‐retardant action. This is consistent with the results of our previous flammability studies of these copolymers. The flame‐retardant abilities of these two phosphonate copolymers are assessed with reference to previous studies of their equivalent phosphate copolymers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of isomeric malonylated flavonoid glyconjugates in plant extracts with UPLC‐ESI/MS/MS
Authors: Muth Dorota , Marfisden‐Edwards Emma , Kachlicki Piotr , Stobiecki Maciej 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIntroduction: Glycosylation at different hydroxyl groups of flavonoids and acylation of sugar moieties are ubiquitous modifications observed in plants. These modifications give rise to simultaneous presence of numerous isomeric and isobaric compounds in tissues and extracts thereof.Objective: To develop UPLC‐MS method capable for resolution of isomeric malonylated glycoconjugates of flavonoids and recognition of structural differences.Methodology: Flavonoid glycoconjugates were extracted from leaves of blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) plants with 80% methanol. Extracts were analysed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) combined with tandem (quadrupole–time of flight, QToF) mass spectrometry.Results: Differentiation of malonylated glycosides of isoflavones and flavones is demonstrated in this paper. The use of UPLC‐MS/MS enabled 38 flavonoid conjugates to be distinguished, including the discrimination of five different isomers of a single 3′‐O‐methylluteolin glycoside. Additionally, pseudo MS3 experiments (CID spectra registered at high cone voltages) enabled confirmation of the aglycone structures by comparison of their spectra with those obtained from aglycone standards.Conclusions: Application of UPLC‐MS/MS allows separation and identification numerous positional isomers of malonylated glycosides of flavonoids and isoflavonoids in plant material. Provided there is strict control of the MS ionisation parameters, this method may be useful for preparation of a flavonoids spectra database, enabling the inter‐laboratory comparison of analytical results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of an electronic medical record system for mandatory reporting of drug hypersensitivity reactions has been shown to improve the management of patients in the university hospital in Korea
Authors: Park Chan Sun , Kim Tae‐Bum , Kim Seoung Lan , Kim Jae Youn , Yang Kyung Ai , Bae Yun‐Jeong , Cho You Sook , Moon Hee‐Bom 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPurposeThis study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a computerized surveillance system for adverse drug events (ADEs) reinforced with mandatory reporting of all past drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHSRs) and supervision of the processes by allergy specialists in a university hospital.MethodsAll information on both prior and newly developed DHSRs was collected via the surveillance system described above and compared with the data from previous system based on voluntary reporting of DHSRs by attending physicians.ResultsThe report rate of past DHSRs was greatly increased and the estimated incidence of new events decreased under the new system. The occurrence rate of new DHSRs during hospitalization, which were caused by the repeated administration of the agents previously suspected as culprit drugs enormously, decreased from 15% of previous system to 1% of new system.ConclusionThe mandatory reporting system for past DHSRs and the supervision by allergy specialists appear to be important in improving the management of patients with drug hypersensitivity and in preventing the occurrence of DHSRs in a general hospital. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics–energetics relationship during the electron transfer from trivalent phosphorus compounds to the singlet photoexcited sensitizers
Authors: Yasui Shinro , Tsujimoto Munekazu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe rate constants kET for the electron transfer (ET) from trivalent phosphorus compounds Z3P to the singlet photoexcited states 1S* of neutral sensitizers, i.e., 9,10‐dicyanoanthracene (DCN) and 9‐cyanoanthracene (CA), were determined based on the Stern–Volmer (SV) method. As previously found in the ET from Z3P to the singlet photoexcited states 1S+* of a monocationic sensitizer, i.e., rhodamine 6G (Rho+), the plot of logkET versus the free‐energy change of the ET step, ΔG0, in the endothermic region deviated upward from the line predicted by the Rehm–Weller theory. The deviation was slightly greater during the ET to 1S* than during the ET to 1S+*. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new chemical modification of liquid polybutadienes: Radical addition of aliphatic aldehydes onto pending vinyl groups
Authors: Podešva Jiří , Hrubý Martin , Spěváček Jiří , Hrdličková Miluše , Netopilík Miloš 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA new chemical modification of liquid polybutadiene by radical addition of model aldehydes (butanal and hexanal) onto pending vinyls of the polymer is described. The dibenzoyl peroxide/N,N‐dimethylaniline redox system was shown to initiate the hydroacylation more efficiently than the thermal decomposition of 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropanenitrile) because it gives higher conversions (content of hydroacylated monomer units, as determined by NMR) without forming crosslinks or microgels. Typically, the former source of radicals gives the content of modified units as high as 13% related to all monomer units, while the latter only 2–6%. Repeated introduction of the redox system into the reaction mixture resulted in an increased content of the acyl groups. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3919–3925, 2008
Synthesis of double hydrophilic graft copolymer containing poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(methacrylic acid) side chains via successive ATRP
Authors: Gu Lina , Shen Zhong , Feng Chun , Li Yaogong , Lu Guolin , Huang Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA well‐defined double hydrophilic graft copolymer, with polyacrylate as backbone, hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(methacrylic acid) as side chains, was synthesized via successive atom transfer radical polymerization followed by the selective hydrolysis of poly(methoxymethyl methacrylate) side chains. The grafting‐through strategy was first used to prepare poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate] comb copolymer. The obtained comb copolymer was transformed into macroinitiator by reacting with lithium diisopropylamine and 2‐bromopropionyl chloride. Afterwards, grafting‐from route was employed for the synthesis of poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate]‐g‐poly(methoxymethyl methacrylate) amphiphilic graft copolymer. The molecular weight distribution of this amphiphilic graft copolymer was narrow. Poly(methoxymethyl methacrylate) side chains were connected to polyacrylate backbone through stable CC bonds instead of ester connections. The final product, poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate]‐g‐poly(methacrylate acid), was obtained by selective hydrolysis of poly(methoxymethyl methacrylate) side chains under mild conditions without affecting the polyacrylate backbone. This double hydrophilic graft copolymer was found be stimuli‐responsive to pH and ionic strength. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4056–4069, 2008
Thermal degradation kinetics of biodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites
Authors: Wu Tzong‐Ming , Hsu Sung‐Fu , Shih Yeng‐Fong , Liao Chien‐Shiun 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe thermal degradation behaviors of biodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and PHB/poly(ethylene glycol) phosphonates (PEOPAs)‐modified layered double hydroxide (PMLDH) nanocomposites have been investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. Effects of PMLDH contents on the isothermal degradation kinetics of PHB were explored. These experimental results show that the degradation kinetics of PHB/PMLDH nanocomposites is the chain‐scission process of cyclic β‐elimination reaction with the following autocatalytic reactions, which is very similar to that of pure PHB matrix. Further calculated data based on the autocatalytic model can fit very well with the experimental data. The Ea value of PHB/PMLDH nanocomposites is increased as the content of PMLDH increases. This can be attributed to the incorporation of more PMLDH loading to PHB induced a decrease in the degradation rate and an increase in the residual weight for PHB/PMLDH nanocomposites. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1207–1213, 2008
On the relevance of the 8‐chain model and the full‐network model for the deformation and failure of networks formed through photopolymerization of multifunctional monomers
Authors: Diani J. , Ortega A. M. , Gall K. , Kasprzak S. , Greenberg A. R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCrosslinked networks were synthesized by copolymerization of mono‐functional tert‐butyl acrylate (tBA) with diethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) or polyethylene glycol dimethacrylates (PEGDMA). By varying the chain length and concentration of the difunctional PEGDMA, we obtained tBA‐PEGDMA copolymer networks while by varying the concentration of difunctional DEGDMA, we obtained tBA‐DEGDMA crosslinked networks. The various materials were submitted to large deformations through uniaxial tension tests. For moderate weight percent of crosslinking agent, up to 20%, the networks showed standard S‐shape stress–strain curves, characteristic of rubber‐like elasticity. Two macromolecular models, the 8‐chain model and the full‐network model, were applied to fit the uniaxial tensile response of the materials. Both models provide good representations of the overall uniaxial stress–strain response of each material. After fitting to stress–strain data, the network models were employed to predict the shear modulus and the elongation at break. Neither the 8‐chain nor the full network model were capable of predicting the failure strain or shear modulus, indicating these models are best used to describe stress–strain relations rather than predict mechanical properties for the network polymers considered here. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1226–1234, 2008
Electrically conductive transparent papers using multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Jung Rira , Kim Hun‐Sik , Kim Yeseul , Kwon Soon‐Min , Lee Heon Sang , Jin Hyoung‐Joon 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe describe a novel class of electrically conductive transparent materials based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Transparent nanocomposites were fabricated by incorporating an aqueous silk fibroin solution into bacterial cellulose membranes. The transparent nanocomposites had a high transmittance in the visible and infrared regions, regardless of the bacterial cellulose fiber content, due to the nanosize effect of the bacterial cellulose nanofibrils. This phenomenon allowed the preparation of a novel electrically conductive transparent paper. The high dispersity of the MWCNTs was realized by utilizing a bacterial cellulose membrane as a template to deposit them uniformly, thereby achieving electrically conductive transparent papers with outstanding optical transparency. The light transmittance and electrical conductivity varied according to the concentration of the MWCNT dispersion. Good optimal transparency and electrical properties were obtained with a light transmittance of 70.3% at 550 nm and electrical conductivity of 2.1 × 10−3 S/cm when the electrically conductive transparent paper was fabricated from a 0.02 wt % aqueous MWCNT dispersion. In addition, the electrically conductive transparent papers showed remarkable flexibility without any loss of their initial properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1235–1242, 2008
Mukaiyama Reagent as an Efficient Activating Agent for Anchoring Carboxylic Acids to Hydroxymethylated Resins
Authors: Boggián Dora B. , Mata Ernesto G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis work describes an efficient methodology based on the use of Mukaiyama reagent as an activating agent for the immobilization of diverse carboxylic acids to hydroxymethylated resins through an ester linkage. The reaction efficiency was high for aromatic and aliphatic acids, including synthetic and biologically promising penicillin derivatives.
Comparison of methods for determining peroxidation in processed whole peanut products
Authors: St. Angelo Allen J. , Ory Robert L. , Brown Lawrence E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOxidation of fatty acids in peanut butter produces peroxides and changes in the conjugated diene contents. Two of the most widely used methods for measuring these oxidative effects, peroxide value and the spectrophotometric assay of conjugated diene hydroperoxides, were compared in determinations of shelf‐life stability of peanut butters during short and long term storage. Results by the conjugated diene hydroperoxides method correlated with those by the peroxide value method over 4 and 12 week storage periods. The conjugated diene hydroperoxides method requires smaller samples and is quicker, more accurate, and simpler than the peroxide value method, nor does it require additional reagents nor depend upon a chemical reaction or color development.
Spatial interactions between grey wolves and Eurasian lynx in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland
Authors: Schmidt Krzysztof , Jędrzejewski Włodzimierz , Okarma Henryk , Kowalczyk Rafał 
Published: May 2008

AbstractVarious species of large predators are reported to influence each other through interference or exploitation competition that may affect demography and survival of the subordinate species. We analyzed spatial relationships between grey wolf (Canis lupus) and Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Białowieża Primeval Forest (BPF, eastern Poland) to determine how they partitioned the space. The wolves (n = 8) and lynx (n = 14) were radio‐tracked in 1991–1999. Three wolves and seven lynx were radio‐tracked simultaneously in 1994–1996. Territories of wolf packs and home ranges of lynx overlapped considerably (76% of wolf territories and 50% of lynx home ranges, on average). In three cases, their core areas were also overlapping. Wolf‐lynx dyads with overlapping home ranges were simultaneously located at distances from 0 to 28 km from each other. We found neither avoidance nor attraction between wolves and lynx occupying the same areas. We concluded that in BPF, the two large predators coexist due to specialization on different preferred prey and heterogeneous habitat.
The Characteristic Curvature of Ionic Surfactants
Authors: Acosta Edgar J. , Yuan Jessica Sh. , Bhakta Arti Sh. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCharacterizing the hydrophilic‐lipophilic nature of a surfactant molecule has been a challenge for colloid scientists and technologists. The hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance (HLB), the packing factor, the phase inversion temperature (PIT) and the natural curvature of the surfactant are all terms that seek to address this issue. In this article we build on the hydrophilic–lipophilic difference concept (HLD) (Salager et al. Langmuir, 16, 5534–5539, 2000) to develop a methodology to determine a characteristic curvature (Cc) for ionic surfactants based on the phase behavior of mixed ionic surfactant microemulsions. In essence, the method consists of evaluating the shift in optimal electrolyte concentration as a function of the mole fraction of the test surfactant in a mixture with a reference surfactant, sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate (SDHS) and applying the appropriate HLD equation for ionic surfactant mixtures to determine Cc. The values of Cc were determined for a range of surfactants, including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium naphthenate, and others. The method was also extrapolated to nonionic additives and hydrophilic linkers. It was observed that the calculated values of Cc were similar to those predicted by group contribution models, however the proposed method can be used even for complex surfactant mixtures. Finally, when Cc values were compared to apparent packing factor and HLB values, it was found that Cc is correlated with the apparent packing factor of ionic surfactants, and that Cc correlates with the HLB value for nonionic amphiphiles. The physical interpretation of Cc, and its potential application in the Net‐Average Curvature equation of state for oil‐surfactant‐water systems is discussed.
A characterization of convex calibrable sets in \( R^{N} \) with respect to anisotropic norms
Authors: Caselles V. , Chambolle A. , Moll S. , Novaga M. 
Published: May 2008

A set is called “calibrable” if its characteristic function is an eigenvector of the subgradient of the total variation. The main purpose of this paper is to characterize the “

ϕ

-calibrability” of bounded convex sets in

\mathbb{R}^{N}

with respect to a norm

ϕ

(called
anisotropy
in the sequel) by the anisotropic mean

ϕ

-curvature of its boundary. It extends to the anisotropic and crystalline cases the known analogous results in the Euclidean case. As a by-product of our analysis we prove that any convex body

C

satisfying a

ϕ

-ball condition contains a convex

ϕ

-calibrable set

K

such that, for any

V \in [|K|,|C|]

, the subset of

C

of volume

V

which minimizes the

ϕ

-perimeter is unique and convex. We also describe the anisotropic total variation flow with initial data the characteristic function of a bounded convex set.

Résumé

On dit qu'un ensemble est « calibrable » si sa fonction est vecteur propre du sous-gradient de la variation totale. Le but de cet article est une caractérisation de la «

ϕ

-calibrabilité » des ensembles convexes bornés de

\mathbb{R}^{N}

, relativement à une norme

ϕ

(appelée
anisotropie
), en fonction de la

ϕ

-courbure moyenne anisotrope de leur frontière. Il s'agit donc d'une extension aux cas anisotropes et cristallins de résultats connus dans le cas euclidien. On démontre en particulier l'existence dans tout corps convexe régulier

C

d'un convexe

K \subseteq C

ϕ

-calibrable, tel que pour tout

V \in [|K|,|C|]

, l'ensemble de volume

V

de

ϕ

-périmètre minimal contenu dans

C

est unique et convexe. Nous étudions aussi le flot de la variation totale anisotrope à partir de la caractéristique d'un ensemble convexe borné.
Hitch-hiking to a locus under balancing selection: high sequence diversity and low population subdivision at the S-locus genomic region inArabidopsis halleri
Authors: RUGGIERO MARIA VALERIA , JACQUEMIN BERTRAND , CASTRIC VINCENT , VEKEMANS XAVIER 
Published: May 2008

SummaryHitch-hiking to a site under balancing selection is expected to produce a local increase in nucleotide polymorphism and a decrease in population differentiation compared with the background genomic level, but empirical evidence supporting these predictions is scarce. We surveyed molecular diversity at four genes flanking the region controlling self-incompatibility (the S-locus) in samples from six populations of the herbaceous plantArabidopsis halleri, and compared their polymorphism with sequences from five control genes unlinked to the S-locus. As a preliminary verification, the S-locus flanking genes were shown to co-segregate withSRK, the gene involved in the self-incompatibility reaction at the pistil level. In agreement with theory, our results demonstrated a significant peak of nucleotide diversity around the S-locus as well as a significant decrease in population genetic structure in the S-locus region compared with both control genes and a set of seven unlinked microsatellite markers. This is consistent with the theoretical expectation that balancing selection is increasing the effective migration rate in subdivided populations. Although only four S-locus flanking genes were investigated, our results suggest that these two signatures of the hitch-hiking effect are localized in a very narrow genomic region.